Full text of The Employment Situation : August 1981
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Newssr #
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact: Norm Bowers
. Diine Uestcott
Kathryn Hoyle
Washington, D.C. 20212
(202) 523-1371
523-1944
(202) 523-1913
523-1208
- 2 The number of unemployed persons who lost their
increase was among
those whose
employment
last jobs
rose
in August; all of the
had been permanently terminated*
The number of
persons on layoff was unchanged over the month but was almost half a million below
the level
in August 1980. (See table A-7.)
The number of persons unemployed 1 to 3 months increased in August, as did those jobless 6
USDL 81-438
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
SEPTEMBER 4, 1981
;
Advance copies of this release are made available to the press with
'the explicit understanding that, prior to 9 a.m. Eastern time: (1) j
Wire services will not move over their wires copy based on information j
in this release, (2) electronic media will not feed such information to
renber stations, and (3) representatives of news organizations will not j
contact an/one outside the Bureau of Labor Statistics to ask questions j
or solicit connects about information in this release*
j
months
or more.
The average (mean) duration of unemployment went up to 14.5 weeks, about the
level that had prevailed at the beginning of the year.
(See table A-6.)
Table A* Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
I Quarterly'averages
Category
HOUSEHOLD DATA
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 1981
The employment -situation was little changed in August, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the
Civilian labor fore
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers
I
Monthly data
I
I
I
I
I July I 1980 I
1981
I
1981
I Aug.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I change
I II I I I II I June I July I Aug. I
I
I
Thousands of persons
1104,6931105,8001106,768| 107,176| 106,4641106,6021
138
I 97,040| 98,012) 98,8681 98,3921 98,9621 98,9441
-18
| 7,652| 7,788| 7,900| 7,784| 7,502| 7,657|
155
| 59,111| 59,820| 59,377| 60,173| 60,082| 60,093|
11
j
921 j 1 , U 5 | 1,0181
N.A.j N.A.| N.A.| N.A.
The overall unemployment rate was 7.2 percent,
I
compared with 7.0 percent in July. During most of the January-June period, the jobless rate had
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Hispanic origin
Full-time workers
I
I
|
|
|
I
|
|
|
j
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing Industrie
Service-producing industries
|
| 90,450| 91,232| 91,546| 91,615|91,966p|92,027p|
I 25,678| 25,6701 25,7411 25,818|25,947p|25,929p|
| 64,772| 65,562| 65,805| 65,797|66,019p|66,098p|
U.S. Department
of Labor
reported
today.
been 7.3 percent.
Following substantial increases in July, employment, as measured both by the monthly surveys
of
households
and establishments, held
about steady in August*
Since July 1980's recession
trough, both employment series have risen by about 2 million*
I
Unemployment
The unemployment rate in August, 7.2 percent, and the number
million, were
of unemployed
persons, 7.7
up slightly from July. Patterns differed, however, among certain worker groups*
For example, the rate for young men 20 to 24 years, which has exhibited considerable
since
April, rose
sharply
in August
and, at 12*7 percent, returned to the June level. In
contrast, unemployment among 20-24 year-old women has shown little movement
in recent months,
and, at 10.8 percent, the rate was unchanged from July. Among workers 25 years and over, the
jobless rate for men (4.8 percent) also was little different over
women
the month, while
that for
(5.5 percent) inched down. Among teenagers, the rate for blacks (45.7 percent) increased
substantially, whereas unemployment of white teenagers (15.6 percent) was not much
from July. This large rise in black teenage unemployment contributed to a marked
the overall jobless rate for black and other workers to 15.0 percent*
A-8.)
j
volatility
different
increase in
(See tables A-l, A-2, and
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p-preliminary.
I
I
I
I
I
7.31
7.4|
6.2|
6.0|
6.4|
6.6|
17.9| 19.1|
6.5|
6.6|
13.2| 13.2|
10.1| 11.3|
7.0|
7.1|
Percent
I
7.4|
6.1|
6.6|
19.2|
6.5|
13.7|
9.8|
7.1 j
I
I
I
I
I
I
|
|
|
I
35.2|
39.51
2.7|
I
35.3|
39.9|
2.9|
1
1
I
I
1
I
of labor
I
7.3|
6.1|
6.5|
19.0|
6.4|
14.2|
10.21
7.0|
I
I
I
I
force
I
I
7.0|
7.2|
0.2
5.6|
5.9|
0.3
6.7|
6.5| -0.2.
18.1| 18.8|
0.7
6.2|
6.1| -0.1
13.6| 15.0|
1.4
9.9|
9.7| -0.2
6.7]
6.7|
0
I
I
I
I
Hours of work
I
I
I
I
35.3|
35.3| 35.2p| 35.3p|
40.21
40.1| 40. Op I 40.1p|
3.0|
3*0|
3.0p|
3.1pj
I
I
I
61p
-18p
79p
I
N.A.-not available.
O.lp
O.lp
O.lp
- 3 Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment, at 98.9 million, was
seasonality.
There
was,
increase among white teens.
unchanged
over
the
month,
after
adjustment
for
however, a decrease in the number of employed black teenagers and an
Since the recession trough, total employment has increased
by
1.9
force
has
million, with all of the increase accounted for by adult men and women.
The civilian labor force was unchanged in August at 106.6
grown
up
by
about 1.6 million over the past 12 months.
over
the
year,
while
participation
of
million.
The
labor
The participation rate of adult women was
adult
men
and
teenagers
declined.
Industry Payroll Employment
Nonfarm payroll employment in August held at the July level of 92.0 million.
has expanded by 2.1 million since the recession low.
(See table B-l.)
In the goods-producing sector, there was a continuation of growth in
in
oil,
gas, and coal extraction.
count
Only construction and government among the
major industry divisions posted declines over this period.
especially
The job
the
mining
industry,
In construction, employment was unchanged after
declining between April and July; the industry has failed to rebound since last year's low,
in
large part to the tight money market which has kept interest rates high and the construction
of residential housing low.
since
last
year's
the
Employment in manufacturing, which had
recession
about the July level.
in
due
been
at
depressed
levels
but had shown signs of improvement in recent months, remained at
Factory employment
has yet to recover fully from
auto industry from mid-1979 on through the 1980 recession.
the devastating losses
Over-the-month movements in
individual manufacturing industries were generally small and offsetting.
There was, however,
decline of 30,000 in food processing plus a reduction of 10,000 in lumber and wood products.
a
On
the positive side, machinery continued to show growth with a gain of 15,000 jobs.
In the service-producing sector, there was an employment increase of 60,000 in retail trade,
while employment in Federal government decreased by 35,000 over the month.
Hours of Work
The average workweek of production or
payrolls
in
nonsupervisory
August was 35.3 hours, up 0.1 hour from July.
tenth of an hour, as did factory overtime hours.
workers
on
private
nonagricultural
Manufacturing hours also edged up a
All three workweek measures have shown
little
- 4 movement
in
recent months, though total factory hours and overtime were up over the past year.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of
nonfarm
payrolls
rose
or
nonsupervisory
0.2 percent in August to 109.5 (1977»100).
little changed over the month.
from August 1980.
production
The two indexes were up by 2.7 and
workers
on
private
The manufacturing index was
4.4
percent,
respectively,
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
payrolls
rose
1.0
percent
in
private
nonagricultural
August, while average weekly earnings posted a slightly larger
increase, 1.3 percent (seasonally adjusted).
Before adjustment for seasonality, average
earnings rose 6 cents in August to $7.30, 63 cents above the year-earlier level.
earnings
were
$259.88
in
August,
$2.86
above
July
and
$23.09
above
hourly
Average weekly
August
1980.
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 140.6 (1977-100) after seasonal adjustment in August, an
increase
of
1.1
percent
over
the
previous
month.
increase (before seasonal adjustment) was 9.2 percent.
types
of
changes
unrelated
to
underlying
wage
manufacturing and interindustry employment shifts.
For the 12 months ended in August, the
The HEI
excludes
the
effects
of
two
rate movements—fluctuations in overtime in
In dollars of constant purchasing power, the
HEI decreased 1.7 percent (before seasonal adjustment) during the 12-month period ended in July.
(See table B-4.)
Chart 1. Civilian labor f o r c e and employment
(Seasonally a d j u s t e d )
THOUSANDS
THOUSANDS
12UUUU
i* IV III an
110000
-
100000
-
120000
•""""""^
l.a o. g r .l o r c e
**»»».
-• rota i emp i uy«u
- Nona<grlcultural payroll employment
RU8
106602
f¥TQ44
|
92037
^^
*;;••?;;;
\"***".'
90000
^~~
' ^ ^ r ^
_^-^—^Z%s
• --'""
^.^-•n--"
"
_ * • -
^~^^7-
^~-
>-^ -':.7V-c.
80000
f^^Si----
__^~'
*
1969
l l l l l l l l l l M
1970
1971
1972
r,'u.'r*ii*h'^
1973
1974
1975
Chart 2. Unemployment r a t e — a l l
|
90000
H
—180000
^-—-~^
•. "*•••/"* * 0
^^—-^"
"
7~>t«.
^-x"
~'~'~~~'
IOOOO
1 100000
~'~""
***••-
•.,
70000
1 1 I
—\
Hi
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 I 1 • • • 1 dl^L
1976
1977
civilian
1978
1979
-I 70000
, 1 . , , ll
1980
1981
workers
PERCENT
11.0
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Chart 3. Civilian labor f o r c e p a r t i c i p a t i o n
and t o t a l employment-population r a t i o
(SeasonaIIy a d j u s t e d )
PERCENT
70.0
|
Participation r a t e
Employment-population ratio
**•» ***
1979
1980
1981
rate
PERCENT
70.0
****.*'*•.
,
-...''*..
.
*•".*'••..***•*.
.
"
*
;
-
•
•v**;
nuo
64.0
56.6
H65.0
65.0 h-
;;*••..;;;*
\
^ ^ ^ \
60.0
60.0
f
I/--" - "
55.0 h-
^C;;:- ^———--~~"
- > .—^'^
K
.*****..'•..** -
H55.0
i>i>iri
ll5 0 . 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'JUL
1
1 1 II 1
•yp-i 1 i i M i i M i i i
50.0 M M
1969 1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Note: The shaded areas depict the business cycle peaks and troughs as designated by the
National Bureau of Economic Research,
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey
(establishment survey). The househpld survey provides
the information on the labor force, total employment,
and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of
the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on
the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information
is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes approximately
166,000 establishments: employing about 35 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In
the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the
month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of
technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable
variance in results between a survey of a sample and a
census of the entire population. Each of these factors is
explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are
selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at
which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or
more in an enterprise operated by a member of their
family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave
because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor
and management, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of
their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the survey week; they
were available for work at that time; and they made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are
persons not looking for work because they were laid off
and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number
employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the
civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
The definitions are provided in the table. The most
restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate
isU-5.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment
survey only counts wage and salary employees whose
names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural
firms. As a result, there are many differences between
the two surveys', among which are the following:
-—The household survey, although based on a
smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the
self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
-—The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed; the establishment survey
does not;
-—The household survey is limited to those 16 years
of age and older; the establishment survey is nofclimited
by age;
—The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once;
in the establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are
described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from
Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a
large number each June, when schools close and many
young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a
year, for example, seasonality may account for as much
as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in
unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical
trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from
month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or
increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to
determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students
finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is
made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and
unemployment contain components such as age and sex.
Statistics for all employees, production workers,
average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually
yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted employment components and four
seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of
total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor
force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June
period and again for the July-December period. The
January revision is applied to data that have been
published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment
are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end
of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the
estimate of the number of people employed and the
other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount
of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard
errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey,
and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than
the standard error from the results of a complete census.
The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on
the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the
standard error from the results of a complete census. At
the 90-percent level of confidence~the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses~the error for the monthly
change in total employment is on the order of plus or
minus 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000;
and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19
percentage point. These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather,
that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the "true" level
or rate would not be expected to differ from the
estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced
when the data are cumulated for several months, such
as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule,
the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling
error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate
of the size of the labor force is subject to less
error than is the estimate of the number unemployed.
And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller
than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless
rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is
1.06 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most
current months are based on incomplete returns; for this
reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. When all the returns in the sample have been
received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data
for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final
form in December. To remove errors that build up over
time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes
can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's
employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide
variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive
statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $2.75
per issue or $22.00 per year from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of
Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey
data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, the standard errors appear
in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes."
Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision
due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables
M, P, Q, and R of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment, status, sex, and a
1980
July
1981
Seasonally adjusted
\ug.
1981
Aug.
1980
1981
May
1981
Jane
1981
July
1981
1981
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3 ,
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
166 ,578
2 ,11^
164 ,464
106 ,126
64.5
,115
58-9
,636
,480
,011
7.5
,338
168,685
2,139
166,546
108,408
65.1
100,474
59-6
3,814
96,660
7,934
7.3
58,138
168,855
2,160
166,695
107,771
64.7
100,013
59.2
3,808
96,205
7,758
7.2
58,924
165,578
2,114
164,464
104,945
63.8
97,003
58.2
3,210
93,793
7,942
7.6
59,519
163,071
2, 129
165,941
106,722
64.3
98,976
58. 9
3,453
95,513
7,746
7.3
59,219
168,272
2,127
166,145
107,406
64.6
99,235
59.0
3,353
95,882
8,171
7.6
58,739
168,480
2, 131
166,349
106,176
53.8
98,392
58. 4
3,265
95,127
7,784
7.3
60,173
163,685
2, 139
166,546
105,4 54
53.9
93,952
58.7
3,258
95,734
7,5)2
7.0
60,082
163,855
2,160
166.695
105,60 2
64.0
93,944
58.6
3,370
95,574
7,557
7.2
63,093
79,798
1,951
77,847
51,350
78.8
56,975
71.4
4,375
7.1
80,783
1,960
78,823
62,278
79.0
58,127
72.0
4,151
6.7
80,863
1,980
78,884
61,799
78.3
57,735
71.4
4,064
6.6
79,798
1,951
77,847
60,147
77.3
55,589
69.7
4,558
7.6
80,492
1,955
78,537
60,893
77.5
56,638
70.4
4,205
6. 9
80,588
1,953
78,635
61,245
77.9
56,718
70.4
4,527
7.4
80,687
1,953
78,734
60,335
76.6
56,026
69.4
4,309
7. 1
83,733
1,953
73,323
63,473
75.7
56,494
59.9
3,979
83,863
1,933
73,884
63,584
76. 3
56,368
69.7
4,216
7. 0
71,430
1,674
59,756
55,765
79.9
52,308
7 3.. 2
2,455
49,853
3,457
6.. 2
72,586
1,692
70,894
56,468
79.7
53,334
73.5
2,499
50,835
3,134
5.6
72,6
1,70
70,97
56,42
79.
53,22
73.
2,55
50,67
3, 19
5
71,430
1,574
69,756
55,403
79.4
51,791
72.5
2,301
49,490
3,612
6.5
72,249
1,675
70,574
55,013
79.4
52,750
73. 0
2,409
50,342
3,262
5.8
,359
,673
,687
,395
79.8
,849
73.0
,349
,500
,546
6.3
72,474
1,686
70,788
55,876
78.9
52,451
72.4
2 r 320
50,131
3,425
6. 1
,586
,592
,894
,957
73.9
,311
72.3
, 329
,482
,1*7
5.6
72,687
1,709
70,978
56,045
79. 0
52,724
72. 5
2,402
50,323
3,321
5.9
86,780
1.63
36,617
44,777
51..7
41,141
47.4
3,636
8..1
87,901
179
87,723
46,130
52.6
42,347
48.2
3,783
8.2
87,991
180
87,811
45,972
52.4
42,278
4 8.0
3,694
8.0
85,780
163
86,617
44,798
51.7
41,414
47.7
3,384
7.6
37,578
174
87,404
4 5,82 9
52. 4
42,238
48.3
3,541
7.7
87,684
174
87,510
46,161
52.7
42,517
48.5
3,644
7.9
87,793
178
87,516
45,842
52.3
42,366
48.3
3,475
7.6
87,901
179
87,723
45,991
52.4
42,457
48.3
3,524
7.7
87,991
180
87,811
45,318
52.4
42,577
43. 4
3,441
7.5
,6 07
134
,473
,925
50.9
37 ,091
47., 2
651
,440
,833
7..1
79,889
150
79,739
41,098
51.5
38,235
47.9
729
37,506
2,864
7.0
79,999
151
79,848
41,239
51.6
38,334
47.9
705
37,629
2,90-4
7.0
78,6
1
78,4
40,5
51
37,8
48
5
37,3
2,6
6
79,522
145
79,377
41,431
52.3
38,750
48.7
633
38,157
2,721
6.6
,642
145
,498
,352
52.6
,014
49.0
583
,431
,838
6.8
79,766
149
79,617
41,743
52.4
39,011
48.9
562
38,449
2,731
6.5
,889
150
,739
,379
52.5
39 ,332
48.9
575
,537
,797
6.7
79,999
151
79,848
41,857
52. 4
39,155
48. 9
601
38,554
2,731
6.5
6,541
306
5,235
0,437
64„3
8,716
52-7
530
8,186
1,720
16.5
16,210
297
15,913
10,841
68- 1
8,905
54-9
586
8,319
1,936
17.9
16,169
300
15,869
10, 107
63.7
8,451
52.3
550
7,901
1,656
16.4
16,541
306
16,235
9,019
55.5
7,322
44-3
354
6,968
1,597
18-8
16,330
310
15,991
9,228
57.7
7,465
45.8
451
7,014
1,763
19.1
16,270
309
15,961
9,159
57.4
7,372
45.3
421
6,951
1,787
19.5
16,240
296
15,944
8,558
53.7
6,930
42.7
383
6,547
1,628
19.0
5,210
297
5,913
3,523
54.2
7,059
43.6
3 34
6,715
1,559
13. 1
16,169
333
15,859
3,730
54.3
7,065
43.7
358
6,697
1,635
18.8
Men, 16 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . .
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . .
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 16 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . .
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 . . . .
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
3
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, N X , and age
\ ug.
1980
July
1981
\ug.
1981
Aag.
1980
\pr.
1981
Ma y
1981
June
1931
July
1981
Aag.
1931
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
145,530
1,630
143,900
93,208
64.. 8
36,937
59-7
6,272
6.7
147,105
1,641
145,464
95,228
65.5
89,250
60.7
5,97 8
6. 3
147,232
1,657
145,575
94,686
65.0
88,870
60.4
5,816
6. 1
145,530
1,630
143,900
92,288
64. 1
86,067
59. 1
5,221
6. 7
145,643
1,634
145,006
93,850
64.7
87,791
59. 9
6,059
6.5
146,793
1,632
145,160
94,506
65.1
83,083
60.0
5,422
5.8
146,951
1,635
145, 316
93,464
54.3
87,500
59. 5
5, 964
6. 4
147,105
1,641
145,464
93,757
54. 5
87,979
59.8
5,737
6.2
147,232
1,657
145,575
93,789
64. 4
93,345
59.3
5,743
6. 1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
49,686
8 0.. 4
46,964
74„5
2,721
5.5
50,380
80.. U
47,976
75.0
2,404
4.8
50,259
80. 1
47,81 1
74.6
2, 448
4.9
49,35 6
79.9
46,500
73.7
2,856
5.8
4 9,94 7
80.0
47,330
74. 3
2,618
5.2
53,227
80.4
47,427
74.3
2,799
5.5
49,878
79.7
47,217
73. 9
2,661
5. 3
49,952
79.7
47,531
74.2
2,451
4. 9
49,899
79. 5
47,333
73. 9
2,551
5. 1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
34,283
50. 1
32,094
46., 8
2,189
6.4
35,349
50.9
33,229
47.8
2, 120
6.0
35,454
51.. 0
33,337
47.9
2, 127
6.0
34,346
50.9
32,823
47. 9
2,023
5.8
35,727
51.7
33,679
48. 6
2,04 8
5. 7
36, 149
52.2
33,987
49.0
2, 162
5.0
35,980
51.9
33,935
48.9
2,045
5.7
3 5,135
52.0
3 4,011
48. 9
2,095
5. 3
36,347
51. 3
34,037
49. 0
1,953
5. 4
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
9,240
67„6
7,878
56.6
1,361
14.7
14.. 7
14.7
9,499
71. 2
8,045
59.2
1,454
15.3
14. 8
15.9
8,953
67.3
7,721
57.0
1,242
13.9
13.4
14.3
3,036
59. 1
6,744
43. 5
1,342
16.6
17.5
15. 5
3, 135
60. 9
6,782
49. 6
1,404
17. 2
17.2
17. 1
3, 130
60.7
6,669
48. 9
1,461
13.0
18. 4
17.5
7, 606
56.8
5,348
46. 6
1, 258
16. 5
17. 5
15. 5
7, 739
5 7.7
5,457
4 7.6
1,242
15.1
15. 1
15.2
7, 843
58. 9
5,521
48.9
1,222
15. 6
16. 1
15.3
Total noninstitutional population 1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
21,048
4 84
20,564
12,918
62.. 8
11,179
53.1
1,739
13..5
21,579
498
21,081
13,180
62.5
1 1,224
52.0
1,956
14.8
21,623
503
21, 120
13,085
62.0
1 1, 143
51.5
1,942
14.8
21 ,043
434
23,564
12,630
61. 4
10,902
51.8
1,723
13. 7
21,431
495
20,936
12,899
61. 6
11,193
52. 2
1,706
13. 2
21,479
494
23,985
12,395
61 .4
11,138
51.9
1,757
13.6
21,529
496
21,033
12,741
50. 6
10,^28
50. 8
1,813
14. 2
21,579
4 98
21,331
12,653
53. 3
13,939
50.7
1, 719
13.6
21,523
503
21,120
12,793
6 3.5
13,377
50. 3
1,916
15.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,079
76..0
5,343
63..B
736
12.1
6,088
74. 1
5,358
62.2
730
12.0
6, 166
74.9
5,416
62.8
750
12- 2
6,049
75. 7
5,291
63. 2
758
12.5
6,081
74.5
5,437
63. 6
644
10. 6
6, 153
75.2
5,425
63.3
727
11.3
6,046
73.7
%288
51.6
758
12. 5
5,329
73.3
5,325
51. 9
732
11.5
6,135
74.5
5,373
62.3
753
12. 4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,6 42
56.4
4,997
49..7
645
11-4
5,749
55.8
5,005
48.4
744
12.9
5, 775
55.9
4,997
48.2
777
13.5
5,629
56. 2
5,017
49. 9
612
10.9
5,75 4
56. 4
5,033
49. 6
681
11. 3
5,724
55.9
5,336
49.0
688
12.0
5,759
56. 1
5, 065
49. 1
694
12. 0
5,729
55.6
5, 340
43. 3
539
12.3
5,751
55.7
5,312
48. 4
739
12. 3
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
1,197
46-8
838
31.. 8
359
30.. 0
29„8
30.2
1,342
52.4
860
32.7
482
35.9
36.3
3 5.4
1 , 144
44.7
730
27.8
414
36.2
36.2
3D.3
952
37.2
594
22. 6
358
37. 6
39.4
35.7
1,054
41.2
673
2 5. 6
381
36. 1
37. 5
34.6
1,318
39.8
676
25.7
342
33.6
34.3
3 2.?
936
36.5
575
21. 9
361
39. 6
39. 4
37.7
931
35.2
573
21.3
323
35. 4
33.6
33.3
936
35. 4
4 92
18. 7
414
45. 7
47. 1
4 4.0
BLACK AND OTHER
1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the totai noninstitutional population (including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not •••tonally
ad jutted
Seasonally adjusted
Category
Aug1981
Aug.
1980
Aug.
1980
A.pr.
1981
May
1981
June
1981
July
1981
1981
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
98,115
38,100
22,351
4,640
100,013
38,392
22,878
4,817
97,003
37,987
23,126
4,721
98,975
38,510
23,529
4,971
99,235
38,498
23,831
4,914
98,392
38,216
23,763
4,921
93,962
38,283
23,823
4, 847
9 8,944
38,315
23,533
4,895
50,849
15,131
11,354
6,118
18,246
31,129
12,637
10,298
3,446
4,748
13,164
2,974
51,679
15,663
11,464
6,350
18,202
32,020
12,783
10,659
3,471
5, 107
13,208
3 , 106
51,307
15,751
11,109
6,140
18,307
30,232
12,346
10,147
3,478
4,261
12,928
2,620
51,801
15,754
11,444
6, 145
18,457
31, 156
12,624
10,524
3,411
4,596
13,255
2,834
51,967
15,688
11,263
6,461
18,557
31,373
12,743
10,539
3,393
4,632
13,213
2,707
51,959
16,057
1 1, 174
6,440
18,283
30,922
12,482
10,553
3,425
4,466
12,933
2,648
51,857
15,965
11, 418
6,223
13,254
31,038
12,575
13,567
3, 481
4,415
1 3, 2P4
2,689
52,123
15,299
11,217
6,369
13,233
31,113
12,508
13,531
3,499
4,605
13,332
2,732
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,507
1,775
354
1,724
1,768
316
1,282
1,640
280
1r524
1 ,648
290
1,464
1 ,644
231
1,377
1r657
258
1,457
1 ,568
235
1,472
1,529
250
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
*> Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
87,184
14,937
72,246
1,243
71,003
6,907.
389
88,876
14,550
74,327
1,282
73,045
6,963
366
86
15
70
1
69
6
83,445
69,405
4,810
1,870
2,940
9,230
84,915
70,671
4,856
1,801
3,055
9,388
88,195
71,526
4,143
1,709
2,434
12,526
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
490
,531
,959
r 1 9 6
,763
r 8 8 1
403
r
88
15
12.
195
628
567
1i 2 4 1
7 1 , 327
7, 021
306
38
15
73
1
72
6
,377
,512
r365
r164
,201
r 761
338
87 734
15 , 4 6 0
72 , 2 7 4
1 146
71 , 1 2 8
7 005
369
83 2 9 1
15 , 3 4 9
72 , 9 4 2
1,211
71 , 7 3 1
5 ,885
389
88,189
15,140
73,348
1,236
71,312
6,942
378
89,202
72,761
4,044
1,517
2,527
12,397
89,873
73,375
4,143
1,533
2,513
12,352
39,625
73,115
3,79 8
1,367
2,431
12,713
93,837
74,232
'4,22 5
1,63 2
2, 593
12,383
39,323
72,932
4,187
1,554
2,533
12,704
PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Excludes persons "with a job but not at w o r k " during the survey period for such reasons as
vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.
Table A-4. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measures
1980
I I
|
I
I I I
Monthly data
1981
IV
r
rr
2. 1
U-1
Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force
1.6
2.0
2.2
2. 1
U-2
Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
3.9
4. 1
4.3
3.7
U-3
Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over
5.2
5.5
5.4
5.2
U-4
Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force
7.0
7.3
7. 3
7. 1
U-5
Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force (official measure)
7.3
7.5
7.5
7.4
9-6
9.6
U-6
Jane
July
2. 2
3.8
4.0
5.2
5.2
7. 1
7. 0
7.4
7. 3
9.3
9.1
I 1 0-7
N. au
\\ig.
2.0
2. 1
3.5
3.7
5.1
5.1
6.7
6.7
7.0
7. 2
9.0
9.1
Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus Vi total on part time for economic
9.2
U-7
1931
Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus Vi total on part time for
economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less Vi of the part-time labor force
N.A.« not avaiiao'e.
10„ 1
10.5
1
10.5
;
9.4
10.5
N_ A.
I.
...i .....
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rates
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Category
Aug.
1980
Aug.
1980
Aug.
1981
Apr.
1981
Way
1981
June
1981
July
1981
Aug.
1981
7.2
5.9
6.5
19.8
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
7,942
3,612
2,633
1,697
7,657
3,321
2,701
1,635
7.6
6.5
6.5
7.3
5-8
6.6
19.1
7.6
6.3
6.8
19.5
7.3
6.1
6.5
19.0
7.0
5.5
6.7
18.1
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1,907
1,481
468
1,547
1,323
534
4.8
6.0
9.0
3.8
5.9
9.8
4.1
5.9
10.3
4.
5.
10.
3.
5.
11.
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost 1
6,553
1,349
6,102
1,549
7.3
8.7
8-3
7.3
9.7
8.6
7.
9.
8.
1,991
385
280
271
1,055
3,778
1,022
1,561
3 80
815
1,204
152
2,109
402
318
311
1,078
3,202
923
1,297
301
681
1,271
162
3.7
2.4
2.5
4. 2
5. 4
11. 1
7. 5
13. 3
9.8
16.1
8.5
5.5
6.8
11.5
8.1
13.8
8.5
3.7
4.1
2.9
2.7
4.6
5.6
10.0
7.7
11.
8.
13.
9.
5.
3.
2.
2.
4.
5.
9.
7.
11.
14.
9.
6.
6,139
881
2,134
1,404
730
310
1,459
1,285
654
195
5,695
863
1,602
881
721
272
1,527
1,360
693
213
8.0
17.3
9.3
10.1
8.0
5.5
7.7
5.5
4.0
13.2
7.
14.
7.
7.
7.
5.
7.
5.
4.
9.
7.8
16.3
7.9
7.3
8.9
5.9
8.4
5.9
4.8
11.1
7.4
16.6
7.6
7.4
7.8
4. 7
7.5
5.8
4. 5
13. 1
6.
9.
7.9
3.9
5.3
9.8
6.7
9.7
7.9
OCCUPATION 2
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
e.
'4.
2.
2.
5.
5,
9.
6.
11.
6.
1!*.
3.9
2.4
2.8
'4.7
5.6
9.3
5.9
11.0
7.9
12.9
8.9
5.6
7.
15.
7.
7.
7.
7.2
15.7
7.0
6.4
7.9
4.8
7.8
5.6
4.4
12.6
INDUSTRY 2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers3 .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
2
!*.
7.
5.
4.
10.
industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
3
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
1980
Aug.
1981
Aug.
1980
Apr.
1981
May
1981
June
1981
July
1981
Aug.
1931
3,229
2,883
1,898
987
912
3,139
2,655
1,964
824
1,141
3,255
2,533
2,150
1,239
911
3,074
2,462
2,105
1,001
1,104
3,369
2,581
2,168
1,022
1,146
3,172
2 , 360
2,315
1,205
1 , 110
3,187
2,196
2,100
1,068
1,032
3 , 1 61
2,345
2,194
1,059
1 , 135
12.0
7.6
13.9
7.3
12.5
7.4
13.7
7.7
13.2
7.1
14.2
6.7
13.9
7.0
14.5
7.0
100.0
40.3
36.0
23.7
12.3
11.4
100.0
40.5
34.2
25.3
10.6
14.7
100.0
41.0
31.9
27.1
15.6
11.5
100.0
40.2
32-2
27.6
13.1
14.5
100.0
41.5
31.8
26.7
12.6
14.1
100.0
40.4
30.1
29.5
15.4
14. 1
100.0
42.5
29.3
28.1
14.3
13.8
100.0
41.0
30.5
29.5
13.8
14.7
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
...
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
15 weeks and over
27 weeks and over
...
...
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Aug.
1980
Aug.
1981
Aug.
1980
Apr.
1981
May
1981
June
1981
July
1981
Aug.
1931
4,164
1,641
2,523
1,023
1,872
951
3,850
1, 182
2,668
969
1,920
1,019
4,319
1,699
2,620
890
1,883
870
3,819
1,283
2,539
854
2,017
987
4,084
1,368
2,715
1,009
2,126
933
4,219
1,367
2,852
863
1,955
956
3,691
1, 178
2,513
898
2,022
873
3,929
1,205
2,724
938
1,939
944
100.0
52-0
20.5
31.5
12.8
23.4
11.9
10Q.0
4 9.6
15.2
34.4
12.5
24.7
13-1
100.
54.
21.
32.
11.
23.
10.
100.0
100.
50.
16.
33.
12.
26.
100.0
52.8
17. 1
35.7
10.8
24.5
12.0
130.0
'4 9.3
15.7
33.6
12.3
27.0
11.7
103.
51.
15.
35.
11.
25.
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job town
Left last job
Reentered labor force
Seeking first job
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
12.3
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3.. 6
-9
1.8
.9
3.9
1.0
1.8
.9
4.1
.8
1.8
3.6
.8
1.9
.9
3.8
.9
2.0
.9
4.0
1.8
.9
3.5
.8
1.9
.8
1.8
.9
Table A-8. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Sex and age
Aug1980
Aug.
1981
Aug.
1980
\pr.
1981
nay
1981
June
1931
July
1981
Aug.
1931
Total, 16 years and over . . .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years. . . .
18 to 19 years. . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . .
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . .
7,942
3,551
1,697
804
886
1,854
4,385
3,865
512
7,657
3,479
1,635
715
912
1,844
4,160
3,640
512
7.6
14.5
18.8
22.1
16.5
12.0
5.4
5. 9
3.4
7.3
14.7
19.1
22.0
17.2
12. 1
5.0
5.4
3.3
7.
15.
19.
21.
18.
12.
5.3
5.6
3.3
7.3
14.6
19.0
22.6
17.3
1?.1
5.2
5.6
3.4
7.3
13.7
18. 1
1°.3
17.7
11.3
5.1
5.4
3. 5
7.
14.
18.
23.
17.
11.
5.
5.
3.
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years.
16 to 17 years.
18 to 19 years.
20 to 24 years.
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,558
2,075
946
463
475
1,129
2,497
2,159
332
4,216
1,958
895
395
489
1,063
2,270
1,959
300
7. 6
15.9
19.9
23.7
17. 1
13.6
5.3
5.7
3.6
6.
15.
19.
22.
17.
13.
4.
4. 9
3. 1
7.4
16.4
20. 2
22.7
18.3
14.2
4.8
5.1
3.4
7. 1
15.3
19.8
24. 4
18. 1
12*.8
5.0
5.3
3.5
6.5
13-3
18.4
19.8
17.8
11.3
4.7
4.9
3.4
7.3
15.2
19.7
21.5
13. 1
12.7
4.8
5.0
3.4
3,384
1,476
751
341
411
725
1,888
1,706
180
3,441
1,521
740
320
423
781
1,890
1,681
212
7.6
13.0
17.6
20. 2
15. 9
10.2
5.7
6.2
3. 1
7.7
13.9
18.9
21. 1
17.4
10.9
5.6
7.9
14. 1
18.7
20.4
18.2
11.4
5.9
6.4
3.3
7.6
13.7
18.2
23.6
16.4
11.2
5.6
6.0
3.3
7.
13.
17.
18.
17.
11.
5.
6.
3.
7.5
13.4
17. 9
19.5
16.8
13.8
5.5
5.9
3.6
.
.
.
.
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years. . .
18 to 19 years. . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . .
6. 0
3.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin population
(Numbers in thousands)
adjusted
Employment status
Aug.
1980
\ug.
1981
A tig.
1980
\pr.
1981
May
1981
June
1981
July
1981
A tig.
1981
17,477
10,875
62.2
9,304
1,572
14.5
6,602
17,852
11,001
61.6
9,220
1,781
16.2
6,852
17,477
10,653
61.0
9,096
1,557
14.6
6,824
17,723
10,888
61.4
9,310
1,578
14.5
6,835
17,757
10,886
61.3
9 , 2 78
1,608
14.8
6,871
17,795
10,751
60.4
9,084
1,667
15.5
7,044
17,323
10,654
59.3
9,118
1,536
14.4
7,174
17,852
10,76'4
60.3
9,016
1,74 3
16.2
7,088
8,839
5,745
65.0
5,134
611
10.6
3,095
9,050
5,848
64.6
5,275
573
9.8
3,201
3,339
5,548
62.8
4,962
586
13.6
3,291
8,834
5,691
64.6
5,173
519
9.1
3,113
8,892
5,747
54.6
5,163
584
13.2
3 , 145
8,915
5,658
53.5
5,078
580
10.2
3,257
8,950
5,555
63.2
5,096
559
9.9
3,294
9,050
5,665
62.6
5,116
549
9.7
3,385
BLACK 1
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
HISPANIC ORIGIN 3
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
Data relate to black workers only. In the 1970 census, they constituted about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.
3
Data on persons of Hispanic ethnicity are
census, approximately 96 percent of their population
independently of racial data. In the 1970
white.
Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
tutionai
population
Veteran status
and age
Aug.
1980
l
Aug.
1981
Aug1980
Aug.
1981
Aug.
1980
Aug.
1981
8,311
7,292
1,681
3,568
2,043
1,019
8,581
7,318
1,459
3,286
2,573
1,263
7,934
7,047
1,579
3,480
1,988
887
8,178
7,074
1,375
3,201
2,498
1,104
7,464
6,609
1,398
3,303
1,908
855
7,762
6,697
1,258
3,047
2,392
1,065
470
438
181
177
80
32
15,590
7,139
4,647
3,804
16,451
7,430
5,326
3,695
14,812
6,756
4,440
3,616
15,559
7,041
5,038
3,480
14,681
6,566
4,739
3,376
975
551
240
184
Aag.
1980
Aag.
1981
Aug.
1980
Aug.
1981
416
377
117
154
106
39
5.9
6.2
11.5
5.1
4.0
3.5
5.1
5.3
8.5
4.8
4.2
3.5
378
475
299
104
6.5
8.2
5.4
5.1
5.6
6.7
5.9
3.0
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
NOTE: Vietnam-era veterans are males who served in the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964
and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are
limited to those 25 to 39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the
13,837
6,205
4,200
3,432
Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 20-to-24-year-oid veterans are no longer shown on the table,
because the group is rapidly disappearing (into the 25-29 age category) and the numbers remaining are
not large enough to warrant their continued publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population for the ton largest States
(Numbers in thou*,art,)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted *
State and employment status
California
Aug.
1980
July
1981
Aug.
1981
Aug.
1980
Apr.
1981
May
1981
June
1981
July
1981
Aug.
1981
17,152
11,454
10,621
833
7.3
17,444
11,'48 7
10,632
855
7.4
17,466
11,535
10,743
792
6.9
17,152
11,317
10,513
804
7.1
17,360
11,462
10,647
815
7.1
1 7 , 3 89
11,405
10,66 5
740
6.5
17,417
11,324
10,567
757
6.7
17,444
11,340
10,521
819
7.2
17,466
11,397
10,629
768
6. 7
6,992
3,925
3,661
26 5
6.7
7,175
4,201
3,929
272
6.5
7,189
4,178
3,899
278
6.7
6,992
3,921
3,668
253
6.5
7,124
4,005
3,757
248
6.2
7, 1 4 1
4,150
3,845
305
7.3
7,159
4,070
3,824
246
6.0
7,175
4,125
3,880
245
5.9
7,189
4,165
3,900
265
6.4
8,328
5,419
4,962
457
8.4
8,379
5,602
5,172
430
7.7
8,381
5, 580
5, 132
449
8.0
8 , 3 28
5,375
4,901
474
8.8
8,363
5, 539
5,069
470
8.5
«,368
5,542
5,060
482
8.7
8,374
5, 505
5,080
425
7.7
8,379
5,530
5,117
413
7.5
8,381
5,544
5,076
468
8.4
4,419
2,938
2,763
175
6.0
4,455
3,017
2,816
201
6.7
4,457
3,040
2,822
218
7.2
4,419
2,892
2,727
165
5.7
4,444
2,904
2,741
163
5.6
4,448
2,917
2,743
174
6.0
4,452
2,928
2,749
179
6.1
4,455
2,966
2,771
195
6.6
4,457
2 , 992
2,785
207
6.9
6,810
4,322
3,783
539
12. 5
6,878
4,481
3,951
530
11.8
6,882
4,467
3,975
492
11.0
6,810
4,285
3,749
536
12.5
6,858
4,371
3,851
520
11.9
6,864
4,416
3,917
499
11.3
6,870
4,415
3,946
469
10.6
6,878
4,423
3,923
500
11.3
6,882
4,456
3,963
493
11. 1
5,569
3,621
3,371
250
6.9
5,615
3,623
3,377
246
6.8
5,618
3 , 557
3,322
235
6.6
5,569
3,577
3 , 327
250
7.0
5,601
3,639
3,351
288
7.9
5,606
3,674
3 , 388
286
7.8
5,611
3,573
3,322
251
7.0
5,615
3,556
3,342
214
6.0
5,618
3 , 520
3,282
238
6.8
13,320
8,149
7, 508
640
7.9
1 3 , 3 39
8,155
7,524
630
7.7
13,337
8,054
7,486
568
7.0
13,320
8,031
7, 391
640
|
8.0
1 3 , 3 30
8,050
7,375
675
8.4
13,333
8,003
7,399
604
7.5
13,336
8,015
7,377
638
8.0
13,339
7,963
7,361
602
7.6
13,337
7,931
7,370
561
7.1
7,989
5,204
4,740
464
8.9
8,042
5,246
4,751
495
9.4
8,045
5,189
4,701
488
9.4
7,989
5,126
4,666
460
9.0
8,025
5,175
4,776
399
7.7
8,031
5,229
4,798
431
8.2
8,037
5,125
4,719
406
7.9
8,042
5,144
4,686
458
8.9
8,045
5,111
4,624
487
9.5
8,960
5,420
4,971
4 50
8.3
9,004
5,544
5,095
448
8.1
9,005
5,530
5,103
427
7.7
8,960
5,372
4,929
443
8.2
8,990
5,409
5,013
396
7.3
8,994
5,475
5,001
474
8.7
8,999
5,399
4,913
486
9.0
9,004
5,474
5,042
432
7.9
9.005
5,485
5,070
415
7.6
9,060
6,730
6,360
370
5.5
9,976
6,681
6,298
383
5.7
9,767
6,506
6,157
349
5.4
9,905
6,699
6,389
310
4.6
9,924
6,764
6,403
361
5.3
9,942
6,675
6,232
443
6.6
9,960
6,646
6,307
339
5.1
9,976
6,625
6,271
354
5.3
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population '
Illinois
Massachusetts
Michigan
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population ' .
Employed
Unemployed
Texas
Civilian labor foice
"
.
Unemployed
Unemployment rat«>
1
The population figures are r
appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally
* These are the official Bureau of I
federal fund allocation programs.
9,767
6,555
6,184
371
5.7
j
1
for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers
columns.
Statistics' estimates used in the administration of
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Total
Goods-oroducinq
Seasonally adjusted
Aug .
1980
June
1981
July p
1981
Aug.
1981
8 9,969!
92,481
91,685
91,767 90,219
25,658
26,140
26,056
p
Aug .
1980
Apr.
1981
Ma y
1981
June
1981
Julyp
1981
Aug.
1981
91,458
91,564
91,615
91,966
92,027
2 5 , 3*2 2 25,700
25,705
25,818
25,947
25,929
950
957
1,110
1,131
Mining
1,024^
1, 132
Construction
4 , 6 3 7j
4,477
4,551
19,997
13.9071
20,531
14,325
20,351
14,126
11,796
8,048
12,334
8, 500
12,208
8, 361
12,214 11,907
8, 366 8, 176
686.5
449.8
661.4
1,069.9
1,549.9
2.426.4
2,057.5
1.772.5
707.0
415.2
7 11.0
4 80. 5
6 71.0
5
1 , 55.
1
1,6 06.8
31.
3
2,5
2, 152.7
1,8
7
4
709.6
472. 9
665.6
1,137.0
1,584. 7
2,522.2
2,139.6
1 ,844.3
721. 3
411.1
7 08. 2
4 81.9
6 70.0
1, 130.0
1,5 87.6
2,5 22. 1
2, 142.0
1,8 23.7
7 26.7
4 21. 7
671
456
651
1,077
1, 567
2,454
2,074
1,839
707
411
702
478
656
1,145
1, 595
2,491
2, 134
1,878
714
414
710
484
658
1 , 142
1 , 604
2,511
2,143
1,872
716
414
8,201
5,859
8, 197
5,825
8, 143
5,765
8,299
5,919
8,083
5,754
8, 125
5,775
,828.
71.
842.
,267.
689.
,251.
, 102.
211.
702.
234.
1,673.4
66
51
1, 283
7 01
1,2 86
1, 121
2 15.4
7 59.0
2 39. 1
1,719.1
66. 3
837.2
1,230.8
695.5
1 ,287.2
1,115.5
216.0
747.4
228.0
1,770.6
75. 1
847. 1
1,281.4
700.8
1 ,287.7
1,116.0
215.9
755.8
248. 1
1,720
68
844
1,263
687
1,256
1 ,097
208
708
232
1 ,697
72
842
1,250
691
1, 280
1 , 107
211
744
231
64,31 1
66,341
65,629
65,519
Manufacturing
Production workers
D u r a b l e goods
Production workers
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products . . . .
Service-producinq
1, 154
1,167
1,008
4,568
4,324
4,418
4, 334
4,284
4,269
4,265
20,513 19,990
14,285 13,930
20,332
14,187
20,414
14,247
20,424
14,245
20,547
14,342
20,515
14,327
12,207
8,412
12,254
8,442
12,278
8,455
12,339
8,502
12,3 30
8,505
699
486
658
1 , 144
1,604
2,521
2, 148
1,886
717
415
703
489
657
1, 142
1,614
2,537
2, 163
1,887
722
425
693
489
661
1, 138
1,607
2,553
2, 161
1,884
727
417
8, 160
5,805
8, 146
5,790
8,208
5,840
8, 185
5,822
1,703
71
843
1,258
694
1,283
1, 109
213
753
233
1,673
71
846
1,264
695
1,284
1,111
212
757
233
1,695
71
857
1,278
6 96
1,291
1, 109
212
760
239
1,666
72"
849
1,276
699
1,293
1,110
212
763
245
64,897
65,758
5,126
5,161
20,636
1, 149
65,797
66,019
66,098
5, 148
5,149
5,161
5, 179
20,714
20,717
20,794
20,863
5,349
15,368
5,359
15,435
5,370
15,493
65,859
Transportation and public
5, 134
5, 195
5,171
5, 184
utilities
20,373
20,795
20,733
20,812 20,413
5, 287
15,086
5,381
15,414
5, 375
15,358
5,274
5,381
1 5,431 15,139
5,238
5,384
5,410
5,409
Finance, insurance, and real estate
18,136
18,764
18,858
18,856
17,981
Services
15,430
16,203
15,457
15,258
16,189
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Government
Federal
State and local
5, 333
5, 346
15,368
15,303
5, 188
5, 326
5,331
5,346
5,355
18,540
18,560
18,653
18,688
16,131
16,040
16,065
16,013
2, 779
13,352
2, 781
13,259
2,777
13,288
2,742
13,271
5,316
18,475
2,862
12,568
2,825
13,378
2,833
12,624
2, 797
2,808
12,461 13,381
16, 170
2, 767
13,403
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
on private
Not seasonally adjusted
Aug.
1980
Total private
June
1981
July
198T
Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
1981f
Aug.
1980
Apr.
1981
May
1981
June
1981
July
1981
35.5
35.4
35.5
35.6
35.2
35.4
35.3
35.2
35.2
Mining
43.2
42. 1
43.1
43.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Construction
37.3
37.2
37.7
37.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Manufacturing
39.4
2.7
40.2
3.0
39.6
2.8
39.9
3.0
39.5
2.7
40.2
2.9
40.3
3.2
40. 1
3.0
40.0
3.0
Overtime hours
39.7
2.6
40.6
3.0
40.0
2.8
40.2
3.0
40.0
2.7
40.8
3.0
40.8
3.2
40.5
3.0
40.5
3.0
Lumber and wood products . . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . . .
39
37
40
39
40
40
39
40.0
39.9
38.5
39.5
38.9
41.2
40.9
40.8
41.1
40.2
41.3
40.4
39.0
38.6
37.8
40.9
40.3
39.9
40.5
39.8
40.8
40.0
38.5
39,
38.
41.
40.
40.
40.
40.
41.
40.
38.8
38.8
37.6
40.5
39.4
40
40.8
39.6
40.8
40.
38.
39.6
38.8
41.2
41
40
41
40
42
40.1
38.9
39.8
39.0
41.0
41.0
40.9
41.4
40.4
41.8
40.4
39.2
39.0
38.9
40.8
40.8
40 .7
41 . 1
40 .2
41 .4
40 .4
39.1
38
38
41
40
40
41.2
40.6
41.3
40.7
39.2
,
Overtime hours
39.0
2.9
39.5
2.9
39.1
2.8
39.4
3.1
38.9
2.8
39.3
2.9
39.6
3. 1
39.4
3.0
39. 3
2.9
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products . . .
Petroleum and coal products . . . .
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
40.
36.
39.
35.
41.8
37.2
40.9
42.2
40.0
36.6
39.8
38
40
36
42.
37,
41,
43,
40.9
38. 1
39.6
38. 1
39
36
42
37
41
43
40
36
39.7
39.8
40.0
36.5
42.2
37.5
41.1
42.9
40.8
38.5
39.8
40. 1
(2)
39.8
35.5
42.6
37,
41,
44. 1
40,
36,
40.0
(2)
40.5
36.0
42.8
37.6
41.7
4'3.8
41.3
37.1
39.8
(2)
40.2
36. 1
42.7
37
41
43
41
37
39.4
(2)
39,
35,
42.
37.
41.
42.
40.
36.
39.7
39.8
39.8
39.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
32.7
32.3
32.7
32.7
32. 1
32.3
32. 1
32. 1
32. 1
38.4
30.9
38.6
30.4
38.7
30.8
38.6
30.9
38.3
30.1
38.6
30.3
38.5
30. 1
38.5
30.1
38.6
30.0
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
36.3
36.1
36.3
36.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services
33. 1
§2.7
33.0
33.0
32.6
32.8
32.7
32.5
32.5
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
(2)
40.3
35.9
42.8
37. 3
41. 7
43. 1
40,
36.
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers
in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale
and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls.
2
This series is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to th
trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficien
precision.
p=preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
i
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Total private
Seasonally adjusted
Aug .
1980
June
1981
July
1981
p
Aug. p
1981
$6.67
6.72
$7.20
7.23
$7.24
7.27
$7.30
7.34
9 . 16
9.94
10.07
10.17
Aug .
1980
June
1981
July
1981
p
$236.79 $254.88 $257.02
236.54
254.50
255.90 I
395.71
418.47
434.02I
10.83
374.49
394.32
404.52
8.02
8.03
287.62
320.39
317.59
3.52
8.55
8.58
308.47
345.91
342.00
72
55
63
85
49
02
01
33
86
48
7. 10
5.89
8.31
10.76
8.23
8.81
7.60
10.36
7.34
5.93
7. 14
5.92
8. 38
10.77
8.20
8.85
7.71
10.35
7.45
5.97
7. 13
6.00
8.43
10.89
8.23
8.85
7.83
10.38
7.49
5.98
263.42
208.68
310.54
384.15
299.60
323.21
274.79
3 7 3.20
273.71
210.98
280.45
229. 12
342.37
440.08
335.78
362.09
305.52
427.87
296.54
231.27
275.60 I
223.7£
342.74I
434.03
327. 18
358.43
306.86
422.28
298.00
229.85
6.65
7.14
7.23
7.24
259.35
282.03
282.69
90
82
20
60
99
62
8.40
10.21
6. 65
4.60
7.43
9.33
5.42
5.00
8.55
8. 13
9.07
11.29
23
98
7.46
9.45
5. 51
4.95
8.73
8.21
9. 14
11.43
7.51
8.80
5.66
5.01
8.70
8.22
9.22
11. 34
7.34
5.00
278.76
288.56
203.84
162.84
333.98
283.46
343.56
430.86
266.00
168.36
295.71
359.21
218.97
182.00
365.09
302.44
377.31
491.12
295.71
189.74
295.42
360.05
218.20
178.20
371.03
305.41
378.40
499.49
291.20
181.04
Transportation and public utilities .
8.94
9.63
9.73
9.95
354.92
383.27
387.25
Wholesale and retail trade
5.49
5.89
5.91
5.92
179.52
190.25
193.26
Wholesale trade
6.9 9'
4.89
7.51
5.23
7.57
5.24
7.63
5.24
268.42
151.10
289.89
158.99
292.96
161.39
5.83
6.24
6.28
6.36
211.63
225.26
227.96
5.81
6.33
6.33
6.40
192.31
206.99
208.89
Mining
,
10.04
Construction
7.30
Manufacturing
7.77
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
..
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
....
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products. . . .
Petroleum and coal products . . . .
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
See f o o t n o t e 1, table B-2.
p=preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4.
Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers' on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, seasonally adjusted
{1977-100)
Percent ohanga f r o m —
Industry
Aug •
1980
Mar.
1981
Apr.
1981
•May
1981
June
1981
July p
1981
Aug. p
1981
128.7
93.9
135.8
92.8
136.7
93.0
137.7
93.1
138.4
92.9
139.0
92.2
140.6
N.A.
135.
122,
131.
128.
129.
128.
126.
144.0
128.6
138.5
136.1
135.8
136.0
134.0
145,
129.
139.
137.
136.
135.
134.
145.6
129.4
140.7
138.9
137.4
136.8
136.0
147.2
130.4
141.6
139.8
137.8
137.1
136.6
148,
131,
142,
140,
138,
137,
136,
149,
132,
143.
142,
139,
140.
139.
July 1981
Aug. 1980Aug. 1981
Aug. 1981(Seaa. adj.) (Unad <.)
Total prh/att nonfarm:
Currtnt dollars
Constant (1977) dollars..
Mining.4.
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholasala and retail trade
Finanoe, insuranoa, and rial estate .
1
2
3
4
1.1
(2)
9.2
(3)
1.8
.9
1.8
1.9
10..7
7..5
9..4
11..3
7..9
8.9
10. 1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
Percent change was -.8 from June 1981 to July 1981, the latest month available.
Percent change was -1.7 from July 1980 to July 1981, the latest month available.
This series is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p-praliminary.
NOTE: All series ara in currant dollars axcapt whara indicatad. Tha indax axcludai affacti of two typa» of changai that ara unralatad to undarlying waga-rata davalopmanti: Fluctuationi in ovartima
pramiurm in manufacturing (tha only sactor for which ovartima data ara availabia) and tha affacti of changai in tha proportion of workan in highwaga and low-wag* indu. trial.
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers,' on private
nonagricultural payrolls/ by industry, seasonally adjusted
(1977-100)
1981
|980
Industry division and group
Total private
Primary metal industries
Nondurable goods
Service-producing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail
trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
106.6
107.1
107.4
107.7
107.9
108.2
107.9
108.4
108.9
June
JulyP
Aug.
108.9
108.7
109.3
109.5
103.6
103.5
May
100.2
101.3
101.7
102.0
102.3
102.4
100.9
102.4
102.8
103.1
102.6
120.5
123.1
124.0
126.6
130.1
130.1
128.6
128.2
112.0
113.3
128.0
135.1
137.2
115.6
113.9
109.1
116.6
115.8
112.9
109.3
110.9
110.0
98.5
98.9
98.0
98.4
99.9
100.7
100.2
100.6
100.7
114.5
117.6
117.7
114.4
96.5
97.2
97.6
98.4
96.0
88.5
92.6
92.4
84.7
94.4
108.3
103.6
87.6
111.4
90.7
96.8
89.5
95.1
93.9
86.9
95.6
109.0
103.7
87.9
110.9
90.9
97.3
89. 1
95.1
93.9
89.3
95.9
109.1
104.6
88.2
111.4
89.5
98.5
98.6
91.7
90.6
96.4
95.1
94.1
94.5
94.6
92.6
96.4
96.1
109.8 109.3
105.3 106.1
88.3
91.3
111.7 112.0
90.8
90. 1
99.0
93.2
96.6
94.6
94.6
96.2
109.8
106.5
89.1
112.3
91.2
97.8
91.7
97.4
92.8
94.0
95.3
108.7
105.3
86.8
111.2
90.7
98.6
91.9
97.4
92.7
94.7
96.2
109.1
107.0
88.7
111.5
90.6
100.7
94.5
100.5
94.8
95.7
98.2
110.5
108.4
93.3
110.9
92.0
101.1
96.1
102.6
94.5
94.8
98.7
111.8
109.6
92.2
112.0
92.4
100.6
92.9
102.6
93.9
94.6
98.4
111.5
109.2
91.9
111.7
92.2
101.2
92.4
102.5
94.3
93.5
98.8
112.4
111.4
91.5
113.9
95.4
101.3
90.7
101.5
94.8
93.5
98.2
113.5
110.7
93.6
114.4
92.9
97.4
101.5
90.6
90.5
94.5
97.6
106.4
98.7
100.6
95.3
89.0
97.7
100.7
95.6
91.1
94.4
98.4
106.6
99.8
101.3
96.7
88.5
98.0
100.4
100.1
91.3
94.6
98.8
107.0
99.9
102.2
98.3
88.8
98.0
100.3
102.2
91. 3
93.9
99.4
106.3
100.5
102.5
99.4
87.8
98.4
99.7
97.1
91.6
94.4
100.4
108.5
100.6
102.4
100.0
88.1
98.9
100.9
98.4
91.2
95.4
99.9
108.5
100.8
104.6
100.4
88.5
98.3
100.4
98.1
90.9
94-0
99.2
108.2
101. 1
104.6
99.3
89.5
98. 1
99.0
96.5
90.7
94.3
99.1
107.8
101.0
103.9
100.1
89.3
98.7
100.5
96.5
90.7
94. 1
99.9
108.5
101.2
105.3
102.2
88.5
100.1
100.8
98.4
92.6
96.0
100.8
109.5
102.0
105.4
105.3
90.6
99.8
99.5
98.8
98.1
1
01.9
98.3
93.6
92.1
96.8 ! 97.6
100.7 101.0
108.8 108.8
102.5 102.2
102.9 101.4
104.7 103.6
91.4 | 91.6
99.8
95.6
105.9
92.7
98.2
100.6
109.4
102.7
99.7
106.0
99.3
110.1
110.3
110.6
110.9
111.0
111.3
111.7
111.8
112.3
112.0
112. 1
112.4
105.9
106.0
106.3
105.7
106.6
105.0
105.4
105.1
105.4
104.9
106.2
105.8
105.7
106.0
106. 1
106.3
105.9
106.6
106.8
106.9
107.2
106.9
107.0
107.4
109.7
104.2
110.5
104.3
110.6
104.3
110.5
104.7
110.9
103.9
111.5
104.7
111.1
105.2
111.1
105.4
111.4
105.6
111.4
105.2
111.3
105.3
112. 1 1 1 1 . 8
105.6 106.2
115.3
114.9
115.9
116.2
116.5
117.3
117.4
117.5
117.8
117.4
117.6
118.1
118.9
115.5
115.8
116.0
116.9
117.3
117.7
118.2
118.4
119.3
119.2
118.7
119.3
119.4
112.8
106.4
107.8
Finance, insurance, and
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p« preliminary.
P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased
Year and month
Over 1-month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
January
February
March
66.3
66. 3
72. 1
77.0
76.5
80. 2
80.8
82.8
83.7
79,
82.
32,
\prll
Ha y
June
73.3
65.4
70.6
78,
78.
73.
77.
30,
78.
85,
33,
83.
July
September
62.5
66.9
67.2
71.
69.
72. 1
74.
77.
77.
81.
80.
79.
October
November.
December
66.3
72.4
70.9
76.
76,
77.
79.
73.
74.
75.
77.
75.
January.
February
March
65. 1
66.0
64.2
72. I
68.6
65.7
72. 1
71.3
70. 1
74,
70,
69.
\prll
May
June
54.1
60.5
62.5
65.7
62.8
63.7
64,
59,
5 4,
67.
59.
58. 1
July
\U?U9t
September
57.0
53.2
49.1
55.
50.
53.
56,
51,
52.
55,
55,
50,
October
November........
December
61.6
49.4
49.7
52.
53.
49.
50,
51.
47,
46.
33.
35.8
January .........
February........
March
52.6
53.2
49.4
50.6
46.8
38.7
40.4
33.4
30.3
32.
32.
31,
\prll
May
June............
34.6
32,8
31.4
30.8
27.0
25.9
24.7
26.2
28. 2
32,
31,
31.
July
September
36.9
64.8
64.0
35,
54,
71,
35.2
45.1
61.0
31.
32,
34,
October
November
December........
61.3
63.4
56.7
69,
64.
64,
73.
72.
65.4
43,
55,
70,
59.6
55.8
52.3
61,
61.
64.
68.6
68.6
67.2
7 3. 8p
77.Oo
69.8
62.5
51.5
68.
66.
63. Oo
71.8p
71.8p
68.Op
57.8p
64.2p
Over 12-month span
1973
\U»U«3t
1979
1980
\u<?U3t
1981
January
February
March
\prll
May
June
«
July
A.u<?us t
September
October
November
December
' Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.
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