Full text of The Employment Situation : August 1978
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News Bureau of Labor Statistics Contact: J. Bregger (202) K. Hoyle (202) hone: United States Department of Labor Washington, D.C. 20212 523-1944 523-1371 523-1913 523-1208 333-1384 USDL 78-753 TRANSMISSION CF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EOT) , FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1978 THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 1978 Employment rose slightly in August and unerployment declined, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The Nation's unemployment rate was 5.9 percent, down fran 6.2 percent in July. Total employment— as measured by the monthly survey of households— edged up by 160,000 over the month to 94.6 million, gaining back sane of the decline which had occurred in July. Prior to July, employment growth had been unusually strong. Nonfarm payroll employment— as measured by the monthly survey of establishments— rose by 115,000 in August to 86.1 million. Both measures of employment showed over-the-year growth of more than 3-1/2 million. Unemployment The unemployment rate declined to 5.9 percent fran 6.2 percent in July. million unemployed persons in August, down 225,000 from the July level. There were 6.0 The August rate was more than a percentage point lower than its year-ago level and just below the 6.0-to-6.2 percent plateau which had prevailed throughout most of 1978. The August reduction in unemployment occurred primarily among adult women, whose rate dropped fran 6.5 to 6.1 percent. The jobless rate for adult men (4.1 percent) remained at its July level, and the rate for teenagers (15.6 percent) showed a anall decline over the month. (See table A-2.) The unemployment rate for black workers declined fran 12.5 to 11.7 percent in August, with all of the improvement taking place among teenagers and adult women. (5.2 percent) was little changed fran July. stantially fran their year-earlier levels. The rate for white workers Both black and white jobless rates were down sub In other worker categories, unemployment declined among persons looking for full-time work, wanen who head families, and persons unemployed less than 5 weeks. (See tables A-2 and A-4.) - 2 The average (mean) duration of unemployment fell by about one-half week in August to 11.2 weeks and was 2.5 weeks shorter than the average duration a year ago. August had been looking for work for 6 weeks or less. Half of the unemployed in (See table A-4.) Total Employment and the labor Force Following a decline in July, the number of employed persons edged up by 160,000 in August to 94.6 million. The increase was spurred mainly by a rise in the number of teenagers with jobs. Over the past 12 months, employment has grown by nearly 3.6 million (after adjustment for changes in the survey introduced in January— see the box on table A-l). The proportion of the population that is employed remained at its July level of 58.6 percent; this was down from the June peak of 58.9 percent but substantially above the year-ago level. (See table A-l.) Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted Quarterly averages Monthly data 1977 Selected categories IV III II 1978 1978 I II June J u ly Aug. Thousands of persons HOUSEHOLD DATA 9 7 ,5 5 9 90 ,8 2 3 6 ,7 3 6 59 ,2 0 5 1,067 Civilian labor force ...................... 9 7 ,1 5 3 Total employment ................. 9 0 ,2 6 4 Unemployment ...................... 6 ,8 8 9 Not in labor force ...................... i 58,941 Discouraged workers ............. 1,0 62 98,622 9 2 ,0 6 9 6 ,5 5 4 5 8 ,7 7 7 969 99,205 9 3 ,0 5 0 6 ,1 5 5 5 8 ,7 9 9 903 100,206 100,573 1 00,618 9 4 ,2 4 4 9 4 ,8 1 9 9 4,425 5 ,7 5 4 6,193 5,9 6 2 5 8 ,4 1 4 5 8 ,3 9 9 58,257 N.A . N .A . 842 100,549 94,581 5,9 6 8 58,677 N.A. Percent of labor force Unemployment rates: All workers ............................ Adult men .............................. Adult w o m e n .............................. Teenagers ................... ■ White ....................................... i Black and other ...................... Full-time workers 7 .1 5 .2 7 .0 18.1 6 .3 1 2 .8 6 .6 j _________i ................. ESTABLISHMENT DATA 5 .9 4 .1 6.1 1 5 .6 ■5.2 11.7 5 .5 6 .6 4 .8 6 .8 16.7 5 .8 13.3 6 .2 6 .2 4 .6 5 .9 1 6 .9 5 .4 1 2.3 5 .7 5 .9 4 .1 6.1 1 5 .9 5.1 1 2 .0 5 .0 5 .7 3 .9 6.1 14.2 4 .9 1 1 .9 5 .2 8 2 ,5 4 8 8 3 ,1 9 2 2 4 , 3 5 9 j 24,497 5 8 ,1 8 9 ! 58,695 84,1 07 24,757 5 9 ,3 5 0 85,503 25 ,4 4 5 .6 0 ,0 5 8 8 5 ,8 2 0 2 5 ,5 5 4 60 ,2 6 6 8 6 ,0 0 3 p 25,6 1 4 p 6 0 , 389p 86, i. 16p 2 5 ,5 4 8 p 6 0 , 568p 36.1. 4 0 .4 3 .5 36. Op 4 0 . 4p 3 5 . 9p 40. 3p 3. 5p 6 .9 5 .0 7 .0 1 7.6 6 .1 1 3 .6 6. 5 | 6 .2 4 .1 6 .5 16.3 5 .3 1 2 .5 _____ 5j21 i---------------- i---------------- Nonfarm payroll employment . . . 81 ,8 7 1 Goods-producing industries. . . ■2 4 ,2 6 5 Service-producing industries .. ■ 57,606 1 L___ _____ , Hours of work Average weekly hours: Total private nonfarm ............ Manufacturing ...................... Manufacturing o v e rtim e ........ j p - p r « lim in « r y . 1 36.2 1 4 0 .4 3 .4 ! 3 6 . 0i 40.31 3 .3 ! l 3 6 .2 4 0 .5 3 .5 3 5 .9 4 0 .0 3 .7 ' 3 6 .1 4 0 .4 3 .5 N .A .- n o t aval labia. 3 . 5p - 3 The civilian labor force was 100.5 million in August, virtually unchanged fran the June and July levels but up 2.7 million over the year (after adjustment). The civilian labor force participation rate was 63.1 percent in August, down slightly fran the all-time high attained in the prior 2 months. Industry Payroll Employment Nonagricultural payroll employment rose slightly (by 115,000) in August to 86.1 million, as an increase in the service-producing sector more than than offset a decline in the goods sector. Overall, employment increased in 56 percent of the 172 industries that comprise the ELS diffusion index of private nonagricultural payroll employment, the lowest proportion since August 1977. However, due to substantial employment gains throughout most of the intervening period, the number of nonfarm payroll jobs has grown by 3.7 million over the past year. (See tables B-l and B-6.) Wholesale and retail trade posted an employment gain of 80,000, the largest over-the-month increase of all the major industry divisions. Consistent with recent trends, the retail component accounted for just over three-fourths of the increase. There was also marked .growth in services (60,000), transportation and public utilities (35,000), and finance, insurance, and real estate (20,000). By contrast, State and local government posted a small employment reduction for the second straight month. After showing considerable strength throughout 1978, contract construction registered a modest decline of 20,000. In manufacturing, there was an employment decline of 50,000 in the nondurable goods industries,‘mostly in food processing, paper products, and rubber and plastics. Durable goods oiplcyment showed little overall change in August, despite continued growth in the machinery industry. Following relatively large gains in the first 3 months of this year, overall employment growth in manufacturing has been rather sluggish. Hours The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls decreased slightly to 35.9 hours in August, down by 0.1 hour fran both the previous month and a year earlier. The manufacturing workweek was also down 0.1 hour, while factory overtime, at 3.5 hours, was unchanged fran the July level. (See table B-2.) - 4 Because of the slight decline in hours, coupled with only modest employment growth, the index of aggregate hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged down fran 120.9 to 120.8 (1967=100) in August. percent above the year-earlier level. Nevertheless, the index was 4.5 (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased 0.2 percent in August, seasonally adjusted. This increase was too small to counter the small decline in average weekly hours, and average weekly earnings showed a marginal decline. Since last August, average hourly and weekly earnings have risen 8.7 and 8.4 percent, respectively. Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings were $5.72 in August, up 1 cent fran July and 46 cents fran a year earlier. Average weekly earnings fell by 21 cents over the month to $208.21 but have risen $16.22 since last August. (See table B-3.) Explanatory Note This release presents and analyzes statistics from two major surveys. Data on labor force, total employ ment, and unemployment (A tables) are derived from the Current Population Survey—a sample survey of households which is conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beginning in September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000 households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50 States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the 47,000 national household sample in January 1978; thus the sample now consists of about 56,000 households selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over. Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment, hours, and earnings (B tables) are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies, from payroll records of a sample of approxi mately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indi cated, data for both statistical series relate to the week containing the 12th day of the specified month. Comparability of household and payroll employment statistics Employment data from the household and payroll surveys differ in several basic respects. The household survey provides information on the labor force activity the entire civilian noninstitutional population, 16 ars of age and over, without duplication. Each person is classified as either employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. The household survey counts employed persons in both agriculture and nonagricultural industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers (including private household workers), counts the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent. The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and salary employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. Persons who worked at more than one job during the survey week or otherwise appear on more than one payroll are counted more than once in the establishment survey. Such persons are counted only once in the household survey and are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. Unemployment To be classified in the household survey as unemployed an individual must: (1) Have been without a job during the survey week; (2) have made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks; and (3) be presently available for work. In addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a new job (within 30 days), neither of whom must meet the jobseeking requirements, are also classified as unemployed. The unemployed total ineludes all persons who satisfactorily meet the above criteria, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment insurance benefits or any kind of public assistance. The unemployment rate represents the unemployed as a proportion of the civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed combined). The Bureau regularly publishes a wide variety of labor market measures. See, for example, the demo graphic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2 and A-3 of this release and the comprehensive data package in Employment and Earnings each month. A special grouping of seven unemployment measures is set forth in table A-7. Identified by the symbols U -l through U-7, these measures represent a range of possible definitions of unemployment and of the labor force—from the most restrictive (U -l) to the most comprehensive (U-7). The official rate of unemployment appears as U-5. Seasonal adjustment Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to some degree by seasonal variations. These are recurring, predictable events which are repeated more or less regularly each year—changes in weather, opening and closing of schools, major holidays, industry produc tion schedules, etc. The cumulative effects of these events are often larger For example, on average over the year, they explain about 95 percent of the monthto-month variance in the unemployment figures. Since seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use seasonally-adjusted data to interpret short-term economic developments. At the beginning of each year, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are calculated for use during the entire year, taking into account the prior year's experience, and revised seasonally-adjusted data are introduced in the release containing January data. All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are com puted by aggregating independently adjusted series. The official unemployment rate for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for total unem- pioymcnt (the sum of four seasonally-adjusted age-sex ^omporents) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally-adjusted age-sex components). For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted series for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the respective component series. Theje data are also revised unnuajly. often in conjunction with benchmark (comprehensive counts of employment) adjustments. (The most recent revision of seasonally-adjusted data was based on data throuigh August 1977.) Samphrs variable* Both I he housoho’d and establishment survey statistics are subject to sampling error, which should be taken into account in evaluating the levels of a series as well es changes ever time. Because the household survey is based upon a probability sample, the results may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same Questionnaires and procedures. The standard error is the measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a figure that would be obtained through a complete census b'- less than the standard error. Tables A. tbrougli H in the "Explanatory Notes’’ of Employment and Earnings provide approximations of the standard errors'" for unemployment and other labor force categories. To obtain a 90-percent level of confidence, the confidence interval generally used Dy BLS, the errors should be multiplied by 1.6. The following examples provide an indication of the magnitude of sampling error: For a monthly change in totai em ployment, the standard error is on the order of plus or minus 182,000. Similarly, the standard error on a change in total unemployment is approximately 115,000. The standard error on a change in the national unemploy ment rate is 0.12 percentage point. Although the relatively large size of the monthly establishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it also may differ from the figures obtained if a complete census using the same schedules and procedures were possible. However, since the estimating procedures utilize the previous month’s level as the base in computing the current month’s level of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the employment estimates are adjusted to new benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment), usually on an annual basis. In addition to taking account of sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments. Employment estimates are currently projected from March 1974 levels, plus an interim benchmark adjustment based on December 1975 levels. One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates for individual industries is the root-meansquare error (RMSE). The RMSE is the standard devia tion adjusted for the bias in estimates. If the bias is small, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the sample would differ from its bench mark by less than the RMSE. For total nonagricultural employment, the RMSE is on the order of plus or minus 81,000. Measures of reliability (approximations of the RMSE) for establishment-survey data and actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables J through O in the "Explanatory Notes" of Employment and Earnings. NOTE Household survey data for periods prior to January 1978 shown in tables A 1 through A 7 are no stuctly comparable with current data because of the introduction of an expansion in the sample and re : visions in the estimation procedures. As a result, the overall civilian labor force and employment totals in 1 January were raised by roughly a quarter of a million; unemployment levels and rates were essentially un I changed. An explanation of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions i (.u .‘in Population Survey m Janua. > iy /e Em ployment =-'>1 Earnings Februai / 1978 Vol 25 Nc. >* H O U S E H O L D DA TA H O U S E H O L D D A TA Table A-1. Em ploym ent sta tu s of the noninstitutional population [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted Employment status Au g. 197 7 J u ly 197 8 A u g. 1978 Au g. 197 7 1 5 8 ,8 9 9 2 ,1 3 7 1 5 6 ,7 6 1 9 9,07 3 6 3.2 92,31 5 58.1 3 ,6 8 2 88,63 3 6 ,7 5 7 6 .8 5 7,689 1 6 1 ,1 4 8 2 ,1 1 6 1 5 9 ,0 32 1 0 2 ,6 3 9 64.5 96,202 5 9.7 3 ,9 97 92,204 6 ,4 3 8 6 .3 56,39 3 1 6 1 ,3 4 8 2 ,1 2 2 1 5 9 ,2 2 6 1 0 2 ,0 4 7 6 4.1 9 6,11 6 5 9.6 3 ,8 56 9 2,26 1 5 ,9 3 1 5 .8 5 7,17 9 6 7,642 6 5,947 52,97 8 8 0.3 5 0,51 3 7 4.7 2 ,4 9 2 48,021 2 ,4 6 6 4 .7 12,969 6 8,729 67,039 5 3,956 80.5 5 1,880 7 5.5 2 ,5 9 9 49,281 2 ,0 7 6 3 .8 13,083 74,429 7 4,33 2 3 5,188 47.3 3 2,55 1 4 3.7 612 3 1,939 2 ,6 3 8 7 .5 39,14 3 1 97 8 May 1978 June 1 978 Ju ly 1 978 Aug. 1978 1 5 8 ,8 9 9 2 ,1 37 1 5 6 ,7 6 1 9 7,61 4 62.3 9 0,793 57.1 3 ,2 2 4 8 7,56 9 6 ,8 21 7 .0 5 9,147 1 6 0 ,5 0 4 2 ,1 1 8 1 5 8 ,3 8 6 99,78 4 6 3.0 9 3,80 1 58.4 3 ,2 7 5 9 0,52 6 5 ,9 8 3 1 6 0 ,7 1 3 2 ,1 1 3 1 5 8 ,6 0 1 1 0 0 ,2 6 1 6 3.2 9 4,11 2 5 8.6 3 ,2 3 5 9 0 ,87 7 6 ,1 4 9 1 6 1 ,1 4 8 2 ,1 16 1 5 9 ,0 3 2 1 0 0 ,6 1 8 63.3 94,425 58.6 3 ,3 8 7 9 1,038 6 ,1 9 3 58,60 2 5 8,340 1 60 ,9 28 2 ,0 9 8 1 5 8 ,8 3 0 1 0 0 ,5 7 3 6 3.3 9 4,819 58.9 3 ,4 7 3 9 1,346 5 ,7 5 4 5 .7 5 8 ,25 7 5 8,414 1 6 1 ,3 4 8 2 ,1 2 2 1 5 9 ,2 26 1 00 ,5 49 6 3.1 94,581 5 8.6 3 ,3 6 0 91,22 1 5 ,9 6 8 5 .9 5 8,677 6 8,82 7 67,12 7 5 3 ,90 3 8 0.3 5 1,88 7 75.4 2 ,5 2 5 49,362 2 ,0 1 5 3 .7 1 3,225 6 7,64 2 6 5 ,94 7 5 2,44 5 79.5 4 9 ,78 7 73.6 2 ,3 2 7 4 7 ,46 0 2 ,6 5 8 5 .1 13,50 2 68,41 9 66/740 53,26 3 7 9.8 51,03 8 7 4.6 2 ,2 9 5 48,74 3 2 ,2 2 5 4 .2 1 3,47 7 6 8,519 6 6 ,84 5 53,414 7 9.9 51,182 74.7 2 ,3 2 8 4 8,85 4 2 ,2 3 2 4 .2 13,431 6 8,623 66,947 53,522 79.9 51,43 3 75.0 2 ,4 3 7 4 8,99 6 2 ,0 8 9 3 .9 1 3,42 5 68,72 9 67,03 9 53,391 7 9.6 51,21 3 74.5 2 ,4 2 0 48,79 3 2 ,1 7 8 4 .1 13,648 68,827 6 7,127 5 3,30 6 7 9.4 51,13 5 7 4.3 2 ,3 5 8 48,77 7 2 ,1 7 1 4 .1 1 3,82 1 7 5,64 3 7 5,53 7 36,818 4 8.7 3 4,384 45.5 759 3 3,625 2 ,4 3 4 6 .6 38,719 75,753 75,64 5 36,919 48.8 3 4,54 6 4 5.6 694 3 3,85 2 2 ,3 7 3 6 .4 3 8 ,72 6 74,429 7 4,332 3 5 ,68 6 48.0 3 3 ,16 3 44.6 511 32,65 2 2 ,5 2 3 7 .1 3 8,64 6 7 5,300 75,198 37,11 7 49.4 34,94 8 ' 4 6.4 623 34,32 5 2 ,1 6 9 5 .8 3 8,08 1 7 5,41 2 75,310 37,264 4 9.5 34,93 1 46.3 5 27 3 4 ,40 4 2 ,3 3 3 6 .3 3 8,046 7 5 ,52 7 75,422 3 7,439 4 9.6 3 5,137 46.5 623 3 4,514 2 ,3 0 2 3 7,983 75,64 3 7 5 ,53 7 37,542 49.7 3 5,110 4 6.4 5 87 3 4,52 3 2 ,4 3 2 6 .5 3 7,99 5 7 5 ,75 3 7 5,64 5 3 7 ,46 1 49.5 3 5,19 2 4 6.5 5 79 34,613 2 ,2 6 9 6 .1 38,184 1 6,82 8 16,483 10,906 66.2 9 ,2 5 2 55.0 579 8 ,6 7 3 1 ,6 5 4 15.2 5 ,5 7 6 1 6 ,77 6 1 6,45 5 1 1,86 5 72.1 9 ,9 3 7 59.2 6 39 9 ,2 9 9 1 ,9 27 1 6.2 4 ,5 9 1 16,768 16,45 5 11,22 6 6 8.2 9 ,6 8 3 5 7.7 6 37 9 ,0 4 6 1 ,5 4 2 1 3.7 5 ,2 2 9 16,828 1 6,48 3 9 ,4 8 3 5 75 7 ,8 4 3 46.6 3 86 7 ,4 5 7 1 ,6 4 0 1 7.3 7 ,0 0 0 1 6,78 5 16,449 9 ,4 0 4 57.2 7 ,8 1 5 4 6.6 357 7 ,4 5 8 1 ,5 8 9 1 6.9 7 ,0 4 5 1 6 ,78 2 16,446 9 ,5 8 3 58.3 7 ,9 9 9 47.7 380 7 ,6 1 9 1 ,5 84 16.5 6 ,8 6 3 16,779 16,46 1 9 ,6 1 2 58.4 8 ,2 4 9 4 9.2 413 7 ,8 36 1 ,3 63 1 4.2 6 ,8 4 9 1 6 ,77 6 1 6,45 5 9 ,6 8 5 5 8.9 8 ,1 0 2 4 8.3 380 7 ,7 2 2 1 ,5 8 3 1 6.3 6 ,7 7 0 1 6,76 8 1 6,45 5 9 ,7 8 2 5 9.4 8 ,2 5 4 49.2 4 23 7 ,8 31 1 ,5 2 8 15.6 6 ,6 7 3 1 3 9 ,6 2 0 1 3 7 ,8 6 5 87,40 7 6 3.4 82,27 8 5 8.9 5 ,1 2 8 5 .9 50,45 9 1 4 1 ,3 6 6 1 3 9 ,6 6 0 90,179 6 4.6 85,410 60.4 4 ,7 6 9 ' 5 .3 49,481 1 4 1 ,5 2 0 1 3 9 ,8 1 7 8 9,77 3 64.2 8 5,25 6 60.2 4 ,5 1 7 5 .0 5 0,04 4 1 3 9 ,6 2 0 1 3 7 ,8 6 5 8 6,298 62.6 8 1,032 58.0 5 ,2 6 6 5 1,56 7 1 4 0 ,8 6 3 1 3 9 ,1 4 9 8 7,94 5 63.2 8 3,386 59.2 4 ,5 5 9 5 .2 51,20 4 1 41 ,0 2 6 1 3 9 ,3 1 7 8 8,209 6 3.3 8 3,590 59.3 4 ,6 1 9 5 .2 5 1,108 1 4 1 ,1 9 4 1 3 9 ,5 0 3 88,62 3 63.5 8 4,27 0 59.7 4 ,3 5 3 4 .9 50,88 0 1 4 1 ,3 6 6 1 3 9 ,6 6 0 8 8 ,52 1 6 3.4 8 3,86 2 5 9.3 4 ,6 5 9 5 .3 51,13 9 1 4 1 ,5 2 0 1 3 9 ,8 17 8 8 ,67 2 6 3.4 8 4,04 2 5 9.4 4 ,6 3 0 5 .2 51,145 19,279 18,896 1 1 ,66 6 6 1.7 1 0,037 52.1 1 ,6 2 9 14.0 7 ,2 3 0 1 9,78 2 1 9,371 1 2,46 0 64.3 10,79 1 54.5 1 ,6 6 8 1 3.4 6 ,9 11 19,82 8 19,40 9 1 2,275 6 3.2 1 0,86 0 5 4.8 1 ,4 1 4 1 1.5 7 ,1 3 4 1 9,279 18,896 1 1,37 5 6 0.2 9 ,7 5 2 5 0.6 1 ,6 2 3 14.3 7 ,5 2 1 1 9,641 1 9,23 7 1 1,816 6 1.4 10,418 53.0 1 ,3 9 8 1 1.8 7 ,4 21 19,68 7 1 9,284 11/934 61.9 1 0,46 7 5 3.2 1 ,4 67 12.3 7 ,3 5 0 1 9,73 4 1 9,32 7 1 1,980 62.0 1 0,55 3 5 3.5 1 ,4 2 7 1 1.9 7 ,3 4 7 19,782 19,37 1 1 1,99 7 61.9 10,496 5 3.1 1 ,5 0 1 1 2.5 7 ,3 7 4 1 9,82 8 1 9,40 9 1 1,975 61.7 10,57 8 53.3 1 ,3 97 11.7 7 ,4 3 4 A p r. TOTAL Total noninstitutional population1 ............................................. Armed Forces1 ........................................................................... Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..................................... Civilian labor force ............................................................. Participation r a t e .................................................. E m p lo yed ........................................................................ Employment-population ratio1 ........................... A griculture.................................................................. Nonagricultural industries ....................................... U nem ployed.................................................................... Unemployment ra te ............................................. Not in labor force ............................................................... 6 .0 6 .1 6 .2 Men, 20 years and over Total noninstitutional population1 ............................................. Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..................................... Civilian labor force ............................................................. Participation r a t e .................................................. E m p lo yed ......................................................................... Employment-population ratio1 ........................... A griculture.................................................................. Nonagricultural industries ....................................... Unemployed .................................................................... Unemployment rate ........................................... Not in labor force ...................................... * .................... Women, 20 years and over Total noninstitutional population1 .............................................. Civilian noninstitutional population1 .................................... Civilian labor force ............................................................. Participation r a t e .................................................. E m p lo yed ........................................................................ Employment-population ratio1 ......................... A griculture.................................................................. Nonagricultural industries......................................... U nem ployed............................. ...................................... Unemployment rate ........................................... Not in labor force ............................................................... 6 .1 Both sexes, 16-19 years Total noninstitutional population1 ............................................. Civilian noninstitutional population1 .................................... Civilian labor fo rc e ............................................................... Participation r a te .................................................. E m p lo yed ........................................................................ Employment-population ratio1 ......................... A griculture.................................................................. Nonagricultural industries ....................................... U n em ployed ...................................................... ............. Unemployment rate ........................................... Not in labor force ............................................................... WHITE Total noninstitutional population1 .............................................. Civilian noninstitutional population1 .................................... Civilian labor force ............................................................. Participation r a te .................................................. E m p lo yed ......................................................................... Employment-population ratio1 ........................... U nem ployed.................................................................... Unemployment ra te .............................................. Not in labor fo rc e ............................................................... 6 .1 BLACK A N D OTHER Total noninstitutional population1 .............................................. Civilian noninstitutional population1 .................................... Civilian labor force ............................................................. Participation r a t e .................................................. E m p lo yed ......................................................................... Employment-population ratio1 ........................... U n em ployed.................................................................... Unemployment r a te ............................................. Not in tabor force ................................................................ 1 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 1 Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed Forces). HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. M ajor unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Selected categories Number of unemployed persons (In thousands) Unemployment rates Aug. 1 97 7 Aug. 1978 A ug. 1 977 A p r. 1978 May 1978 J une 197 8 J u ly 197 8 • A ug. 1978 Total, 16 years and over ....................................................................................... Men, 20 years and over ................................................................................... Women, 20 years and over .............................................................................. Both sexes, 16-19 years ................................................................................... 6 ,8 2 1 2 ,6 5 8 2 ,5 2 3 1 ,6 4 0 5 ,9 6 8 2 ,1 7 1 2 ,2 6 9 1 ,5 2 8 7 .0 5 .1 7 .1 1 7 .3 6 .0 4 .2 5 .8 1 6 .9 6 .1 4 .2 6 .3 1 6 .5 5 .7 3 .9 6 .1 1 4 .2 6 .2 4 .1 6 .5 1 6 .3 5 .9 4 .1 6 .1 1 5 .6 White, total ....................................................................................................... Men, 20 years and over .............................................................................. Women, 20 years and over ....................................................................... Both sexes, 16-19 years ............................................................................ 5 ,2 6 6 2 ,0 7 8 1 ,9 4 9 1 ,2 3 9 4 ,6 3 0 1 ,7 1 7 1 ,7 1 9 1 ,1 9 4 6 .1 4 .4 6 .3 1 4 .7 5 .2 3 .6 5 .1 1 4 .6 5 .2 3 .6 5 .4 1 3 .8 4 .9 3 .4 5 .3 1 1 .6 5 .3 3 .6 5 .6 1 3 .4 5 .2 3 .6 5 .3 1 3 .6 Black and other, total ..................................................................................... Men, 20 years and over .............................................................................. Women, 20 years and over ....................................................................... Both sexes, 16-19 years ............................................................................ 1 ,6 2 3 644 5 71 408 1 ,3 9 7 509 548 340 1 4 .3 1 1 .7 1 1 .8 3 9 .4 1 1 .8 8 .8 1 0 .5 3 5 .3 1 2 .3 8 .8 1 0 .9 3 8 .4 1 1 .9 7 .8 1 1 .3 3 7 .1 1 2 .5 8 .4 1 1 .6 3 7 .0 1 1 .7 9 .0 1 0 .4 3 2 .4 Married men, spouse present ......................................................................... Married women, spouse present ..................................................................... Women who head families ......................................................... 1 ,3 9 4 1 ,4 4 9 445 1 ,1 1 8 1 ,3 2 7 4 07 3 .5 6 .5 1 0 .0 2 .8 5 .0 1 0 .1 2 .9 5 .9 9 .3 2 .7 5 .6 8 .8 2 .7 5 .6 1 0 .1 2 .8 5 .8 8 .2 Full-time w orkers.............................................................................................. Part-time workers ............................................................................................ Unemployed 15 weeks and over1 ................................................................... Labor force time lost2 ..................................... .................... ........................... 5 ,5 3 5 1 ,3 0 6 1 ,8 0 0 4 ,7 2 5 1 ,2 5 5 1 ,2 1 5 — — 6 .6 9 .0 1 .8 7 .6 5 .4 9 .6 1 .4 6 .3 5 .6 9 .2 1 .4 6 .6 5 .2 8 .8 1 .2 6 .4 5 .7 8 .8 1 .3 6 .8 5 .5 8 .6 1 .2 6 .6 1 ,9 7 4 420 246 3 16 992 2 ,7 3 9 691 1 ,1 1 8 279 6 51 1 ,1 3 2 114 1 ,7 0 7 3 80 190 255 882 2 ,3 6 5 584 1 ,0 6 1 212 5 08 978 96 4 .2 3 .0 2 .5 5 .2 5 .8 8 .3 5 .5 9 .8 7 .5 1 2 .4 8 .3 4 .0 3 .5 2 .5 2 .0 4 .3 5 .1 6 .5 4 .3 7 .6 5 .2 1 0 .0 7 .7 3 .1 3 .6 2 .4 2 .0 4 .4 5 .3 6 .6 4 .3 8 .4 5 .9 8 .7 7 .6 3 .6 3 .5 2 .4 1 .8 4 .4 5 .0 6 .5 4 .2 7 .9 4 .6 9 .9 7 .2 3 .0 3 .8 2 .5 2 .2 4 .4 5 .4 6 .9 4 .0 8 .5 6 .1 1 0 .6 7 .5 3 .8 3 .5 2 .6 1 .8 4 .2 5 .0 7 .0 4 .4 9 .0 5 .9 9 .5 7 .1 3 .3 4 ,9 2 8 516 1 ,4 9 0 808 682 2 47 1 ,4 6 7 1 ,1 7 4 685 143 4 ,2 9 7 449 1 ,2 5 9 728 531 196 1 ,2 1 8 1 ,1 4 2 577 129 7 .0 1 1 .4 6 .9 6 .3 7 .7 4 .8 8 .1 5 .7 4 .3 9 .8 5 .9 9 .5 5 .3 4 .4 6 .5 3 .7 7 .2 5 .2 3 .8 7 .7 5 .9 9 .2 5 .6 5 .0 6 .4 3 .8 6 .8 5 .3 4 .1 7 .7 5 .6 9 .3 5 .6 4 .8 6 .7 3 .7 6 .3 4 .7 4 .0 8 .0 6 .0 9 .5 5 .6 5 .1 6 .4 4 .1 6 .8 5 .4 4 .1 1 0 .1 5 .9 9 .1 5 .7 5 .5 5 .9 3 .8 6 .6 5 .2 3 .6 8 .3 506 168 188 1 50 3 89 93 158 138 7 .7 1 7 .7 6 .5 5 .5 4 .5 1 0 .7 4 .5 3 .1 4 .0 6 .9 5 .5 2 .3 4 .3 9 .4 5 .3 2 .6 5 .1 1 1 .4 6 .4 2 .9 6 .3 1 3 .9 7 .3 4 .1 1 ,2 4 4 7 26 965 582 7 .8 7 .9 3 .8 5 .8 8 .1 280 103 5 .9 7 .7 4 .8 5 .9 8 .4 3 27 6 .5 8 .8 6 .1 5 .5 1 0 .4 6 .5 4 .8 2 .9 3 .9 3 .7 4 .4 3 .3 4 .8 2 .7 CHARACTERISTICS OCCUPATION3 White-collar workers ....................................................................................... Professional and technical .......................................................................... Managers and administrators, except fa r m .............................................. Sales workers .............................................................................................. Clerical workers ................................ ......................................................... Blue-collar workers ......................................................................................... Craft and kindred workers ....................................................................... Operatives, except transport . ................................................................... Transport equipment operatives .............................................................. Nonfarm laborers.......................................................................................... Service workers ................................................................................................. Farmworkers ................................................................................................... IN D U S T R Y 3 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers4 ..................................... Construction . ............................................................................................ Manufacturing ......... .................................................................................. Durable goods ........................................................................................ Nondurable goods................................ .................................................. Transportation and public utilities ....................................................... .. Wholesale and retail trade .......................................................................... Finance and service industries................................................................... Government workers ........................................................................................ Agricultural wage and salary w orke rs ............................................................ VETERA N STATUS Male Vietnam-era veterans:5 20 to 34 years ............................................................................................... 20 to 24 y ears..................................................................... .................... 25 to 29 years ........................................................................................ 30 to 34 years ........................................................................................ Male nonveterans: 20 to 34 y e a r s ............................................................................................... 20 to 24*years.......................................................................................... 25 to 29 years ........................................................................................ 30 to 34 years.......................................................................................... 191 1 Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force. 2 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. 3 Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers. 4 Includes mining, not shown separately. 5 Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5 ,1 9 6 4 , and May 7 ,1 9 75 . HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A -3 . Selected employment indicators [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Selected categories Seasonally adjusted Aug. 1 97 7 Aug. 1978 Aug. 1977 9 2 ,3 1 5 5 5 ,5 6 5 3 6 ,7 5 1 3 8 ,6 2 3 2 0 ,2 3 1 9 6 ,1 1 6 5 7 ,1 9 1 3 8 ,9 2 5 3 8 ,8 1 3 2 1 ,0 6 0 4 4 ,8 2 8 1 3 ,2 2 6 9 ,8 0 4 5 ,8 1 4 1 5 ,9 8 4 3 1 ,5 6 6 1 2 ,3 2 5 1 0 ,6 1 1 3 ,4 8 3 5 ,1 4 7 1 2 ,7 7 9 3 ,1 4 3 4 6 ,8 5 3 1 3 ,7 5 6 1 0 ,2 8 6 5 ,9 6 0 1 6 ,8 5 0 3 2 ,8 8 3 1 2 ,9 9 9 1 1 ,0 3 4 3 ,4 3 5 5 ,4 1 4 1 3 ,1 5 5 3 ,2 2 5 1 ,5 9 5 1 ,6 7 5 413 A p r. 1978 May 197 8 9 0 ,7 9 3 5 3 ,9 4 2 3 6 ,8 5 1 3 8 ,2 9 2 2 0 ,8 1 0 9 3 ,8 0 1 5 5 ,2 0 8 3 8 ,5 9 3 3 8 ,6 2 8 2 1 ,8 4 7 4 5 ,1 9 8 1 0 ,2 9 5 3 ,4 5 3 4 ,5 7 8 1 2 ,5 2 0 2 ,7 4 1 4 6 ,7 8 9 1 4 ,1 5 8 1 0 ,2 1 2 5 ,8 6 1 1 6 ,5 5 8 3 1 ,6 5 5 1 2 ,3 0 2 1 0 ,9 7 4 3 ,5 6 0 4 ,8 1 9 1 2 ,8 3 0 2 ,6 8 7 1 ,7 2 8 1 ,7 1 6 412 1 ,3 1 4 1 ,5 7 8 318 8 1 ,9 2 9 1 4 ,6 7 1 6 7 ,2 5 8 1 ,4 2 6 6 5 ,8 3 2 6 ,2 1 3 490 8 5 ,5 1 8 1 4 ,7 4 7 7 0 ,7 7 1 1 ,4 0 6 6 9 ,3 6 5 6 ,2 9 6 446 7 7 ,7 7 0 6 5 ,6 5 5 3 ,7 4 4 1 ,2 2 6 2 ,5 1 8 8 ,3 7 1 8 1 ,3 9 1 6 9 ,0 5 5 3 ,7 5 4 1 ,3 9 8 2 ,3 5 6 8 ,5 8 2 June 1978 J u ly 1978 Aug. 1978 9 4 ,1 1 2 5 5 ,4 4 6 3 8 ,6 6 6 3 8 ,6 2 6 2 1 ,6 9 4 9 4 ,8 1 9 5 5 ,8 6 9 3 8 ,9 5 0 3 8 ,7 1 1 2 1 ,7 1 8 9 4 ,4 2 5 5 5 ,5 3 4 3 8 ,8 9 1 3 8 ,6 4 2 2 1 ,7 6 6 9 4 ,5 8 1 5 5 ,5 2 9 3 9 ,0 5 2 3 8 ,4 6 7 2 1 ,6 6 7 4 6 ,8 9 5 4 7 ,2 0 9 1 4 ,3 6 5 1 0 ,1 0 7 5 ,9 3 1 1 6 ,8 0 6 3 1 ,6 8 3 1 2 ,4 6 7 1 1 ,0 0 6 3 ,5 1 2 4 ,6 9 8 1 2 ,9 9 3 2 ,8 9 5 4 7 ,1 9 2 1 4 ,3 9 9 9 ,9 3 3 5 ,9 1 1 1 6 ,6 5 2 3 1 ,5 4 4 1 2 ,2 1 8 1 0 ,8 4 6 3 ,5 3 4 4 ,9 4 6 1 2 ,8 8 3 2 ,6 9 8 1 4 ,2 3 9 1 0 ,1 8 2 6 ,0 1 7 1 6 ,7 5 4 3 1 ,2 2 5 1 2 ,2 2 9 1 0 ,8 4 1 3 ,4 5 2 4 ,7 0 3 1 2 ,8 3 8 2 ,8 0 2 4 7 ,2 3 6 1 4 ,2 5 5 1 0 ,1 7 4 5 ,8 7 2 1 6 ,9 3 5 3 1 ,4 8 2 1 2 ,5 5 9 1 0 ,7 0 2 3 ,4 0 4 4 ,8 1 7 1 2 ,8 8 4 2 ,8 0 9 1 ,4 0 8 1 ,5 3 9 283 1 ,4 3 4 1 ,5 7 3 255 1 ,4 8 2 1 ,6 6 9 336 1 ,3 6 4 1 ,6 5 2 348 1 ,4 2 3 1 ,6 1 7 317 8 0 ,9 1 8 1 5 ,2 1 0 6 5 ,7 0 8 1 ,3 8 8 6 4 ,3 2 0 6 ,1 4 0 483 8 3 ,6 4 8 1 5 ,3 0 5 6 8 ,3 4 3 1 ,3 8 8 6 6 ,9 5 5 6 ,4 6 7 5 06 8 4 ,0 4 9 1 5 ,2 0 3 6 8 ,8 4 6 1 ,3 9 3 6 7 ,4 5 3 6 ,2 8 8 5 20 8 4 ,5 1 3 1 5 ,2 2 4 6 9 ,2 8 9 1 ,3 6 8 6 7 ,9 2 1 6 ,1 9 8 468 8 4 ,0 1 6 1 5 ,1 2 9 6 8 ,8 8 7 1 ,3 9 4 6 7 ,4 9 3 6 ,2 0 6 496 8 4 ,4 0 6 1 5 ,2 8 2 6 9 ,1 2 4 1 ,3 6 9 6 7 ,7 5 5 6 ,2 2 1 440 8 2 ,6 4 2 6 7 ,8 3 9 3 ,2 5 3 1 ,2 2 0 2 ,0 3 3 1 1 ,5 5 0 8 6 ,0 4 3 7 0 ,5 5 0 3 ,3 2 7 1 ,2 2 4 2 ,1 0 3 1 2 ,1 6 6 8 5 ,5 2 8 7 0 ,1 5 7 3 ,2 4 3 1 ,2 1 1 2 ,0 3 2 1 2 ,1 2 8 8 6 ,0 5 1 7 0 ,8 6 1 3 ,4 5 8 1 ,4 3 3 2 ,0 2 5 1 1 ,7 3 2 8 6 ,2 0 5 7 1 ,0 9 5 3 ,3 3 0 1 ,3 8 5 1 ,9 4 5 1 1 ,7 8 0 8 6 ,4 6 9 7 1 ,3 3 8 3 ,2 9 4 1 ,3 9 1 1 ,9 0 3 1 1 ,8 3 7 CHARACTERISTICS Total employed, 16 years and. o v e r ........................................................................ M en.......................................................................................................................... W om en................................................ .................................................................. Married men, spouse present.............................................................................. Married women, spouse present ........................................................................ OCCUPATION White-collar w orkers................................................................................................. Professional and technical................................................................................... Managers and administrators, execpt farm ........................................................ Sales w o rke rs .............................. ......................................................................... Clerical w o rk e rs ................................................................................................... Blue-collar w orkers................................................................................................... Craft and kindred workers ................................................................................. Operatives, except transport ............................................................ ............ Transport equipment operatives ..................... ............................................... Nonfarm laborers....... ....................................................................................... • Service w orkers.......................................................................................................... 1 3 ,7 0 6 9 ,6 9 9 5 ,7 2 6 1 6 ,0 6 7 3 0 ,2 2 9 1 1 ,9 0 3 MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary w orkers..................................................................................... Self-employed workers........................................................................................ Unpaid family w orkers........................................................................................ Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary w orkers...................................................................................... Government..................................................................................................... Private industries .......................................................................................... Private households......... ............................................................................ Other industries.......................................................................................... Self-employed w orkers......... * .................... . ..................................................... Unpaid family workers • - ................................................................................... PERSONS A T WORK 1 Nonagricultural industries........................................................................................ Full-time schedules............................................................................................... Part time for economic reasons.......................................................................... Usually work full t i m e ................................................................................... Usually work part time ..................................................... ........................... Part time for noneconomic reasons................................................................... 1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes. Table A -4 . Duration, of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted Weeks of unemployment Aug. 1 97 7 Aug. 1 97 8 Aug. 1977 A p r. 1978 May 1978 J une 1978 J u ly 1 97 8 A ug. 197 8 Less than 5 w ee k s .................................................................................................... 5 to 14 weeks ............................................................................................................ 15 weeks and o v e r..................................................................................................... 15 to 26 w eeks..................................................................................................... 27 weeks and over .............................................................................................. 2 ,7 4 1 2 ,4 2 7 1 ,5 8 9 7 06 883 2 ,7 0 1 2 ,1 5 7 1 ,0 7 3 478 595 2 ,8 6 5 2 ,2 3 7 1 ,8 0 0 2 ,9 3 2 1 ,8 0 3 1 ,3 5 8 6 80 678 2 ,7 2 7 1 ,9 1 6 1 ,2 3 1 * 6 51 580 3 ,0 2 5 1 ,8 5 4 1 ,2 9 2 665 6 27 2 ,8 2 2 1 ,9 8 8 1 ,2 1 5 933 867 2 ,7 9 0 1 ,7 8 4 1 ,3 8 4 716 668 Average (mean) duration, in w eeks.............................. ......................................... 1 3 .4 7 .1 1 1 .0 6 .0 1 3 .7 7 .2 1 2 .3 5 .8 1 2 .1 5 .2 1 2 .0 5 .8 1 1 .8 5 .9 1 0 0 .0 4 0 .6 1 0 0 .0 4 5 .5 3 6 .4 1 0 0 .0 4 1 .5 3 2 .4 1 8 .1 2 6 .1 1 3 .5 1 2 .6 1 0 0 .0 4 6 .8 2 9 .9 2 3 .2 1 0 0 .0 4 8 .1 2 9 .6 2 2 .3 1 1 .2 1 1 .1 1 0 0 .0 4 6 .4 3 2 .6 2 1 .0 1 0 0 .0 4 9 .0 3 0 .0 2 0 .9 1 0 .8 1 0 .2 DUR ATIO N Median duration, in weeks....................................................................................... 631 584 * 1 1 .2 6 .0 PERCENT DISTRIBUTIO N Total unemployed ................................................................................................... Less than 5 weeks......... ....................................................................................... 5 to 14 w eeks....................................................................................................... 15 weeks and over .............................................................................................. 15 to 26 weeks .............................................................................................. 27 weeks and o v e r .................................. ...................................................... 3 5 .9 2 3 .5 1 0 .4 1 3 .1 8 .1 1 0 .0 1 2 .0 1 1 .2 1 1 .1 9 .9 1 0 0 .0 4 6 .8 3 3 .0 2 0 .2 1 0 .5 9 .7 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A -5 . Reasons fo r u n em p lo ym en t [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted Reasons Aug. Aug. Aug. Apr. May June July Aug. 1977 1978 1977 1978 1 97 8 1 97 8 197 8 197 8 2 ,8 7 1 801 2 ,0 7 0 9 89 1 ,8 5 5 1 ,0 4 2 2 ,2 9 3 641 1 ,6 5 2 933 1 ,7 1 7 988 3 ,1 9 7 963 2 ,2 3 4 891 1 ,8 7 2 9 47 2 ,4 7 5 593 1 ,8 8 2 872 1 ,7 3 4 9 25 2 ,5 7 7 683 1 ,8 9 4 8 19 1 ,7 7 2 901 2 ,3 4 0 606 1 ,7 3 4 8 49 1 ,7 6 0 810 2 ,5 5 2 714 1 ,8 3 8 8 69 1 ,8 8 3 880 2 ,5 5 3 770 1 ,7 8 3 841 1 ,7 3 3 893 1 0 0 .0 4 2 .5 1 1 .9 3 0 .6 1 4 .6 2 7 .5 1 5 .4 1 0 0 .0 3 8 .7 1 0 .8 2 7 .9 1 5 .7 2 8 .9 1 6 .7 1 0 0 .0 4 6 .3 1 3 .9 3 2 .3 1 2 .9 2 7 .1 1 3 .7 1 0 0 .0 4 1 .2 9 .9 3 1 .3 1 4 .5 1 0 0 .0 4 2 .5 1 1 .3 3 1 .2 1 3 .5 2 9 .2 1 4 .8 1 0 0 .0 4 0 .6 1 0 .5 3 0 .1 1 4 .7 3 0 .6 1 4 .1 1 0 0 .0 4 1 .3 1 1 .5 2 9 .7 1 4 .1 3 0 .4 1 4 .2 1 0 0 .0 4 2 .4 2 .9 1 .0 1 .9 1 .1 2.2 3 .3 .9 1 .9 1 .0 2 .5 .9 1 .7 .9 2.6 .8 2 .3 2 .5 1 .8 .9 1 .8 2 .5 .9 1 .9 .9 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Lost last job .............................................................................................................. On layoff .................................................................... ......................................... Other job losers ................................................................................................ Left last job ..............................................i ............................................................. Reentered labor force ............................................................................. ............. Seeking first job ........................................................................................... ......... PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed ................ .......... ....................................................................* Job losers.............................................................................................................. On layoff ....................................................................................................... Other job losers.............................................................................................. Job leavers ......................................................................................................... Reentrants ......................................................................................................... New entrants .....................................................................................•................ 2 8 .9 1 5 .4 12.8 2 9 .6 1 4 .0 2 8 .8 1 4 .8 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE C IV IL IA N LABOR FORCE Job losers .................................................................................................................. Job leavers ................................................................................................................ Reentrants ................................................................................................................ New entrants ....... ................................. .................................................................. Tab le A>6. .9 1 .7 1 .0 .8 .8 .8 1 .7 .9 Unem ploym ent by sex and a p e , seasonally adjusted Sex and age Number of unemployed persons (In thousands) Aug. 1977 Unemployment rates Aug. 1978 A ug. 197 7 A p r. 1978 May 1978 June 1 97 8 J u ly 1978 Aug. 1978 5 ,9 6 8 1 ,5 2 8 795 744 1 ,3 3 8 3 ,1 5 6 2 ,7 2 3 441 7 .0 1 7 .3 2 0 .1 1 5 .5 1 1 .2 4 .9 5 .2 3 .9 6 .0 1 6 .9 1 9 .9 1 4 .4 1 0 .0 3 .9 4 .1 3 .2 6 .1 1 6 .5 1 9 .3 1 4 .5 9 .0 4 .2 4 .5 3 .2 5 .7 1 4 .2 1 6 .7 1 2 .9 9 .2 3 .9 4 .1 3 .1 6 *2 1 6 .3 2 0 .1 1 3 .6 9 .9 4 .2 4 .4 3 .2 5 .9 1 5 .6 1 8 .9 1 3 .3 9 .0 4 .2 4 .4 3 .0 2 ,9 2 6 755 395 362 6 .1 1 7 .4 2 0 .8 1 4 .9 1 1 .4 4 .1 4 .3 3 .5 5 .2 1 6 .6 1 9 .9 1 3 .4 5 .1 1 5 .3 1 8 .4 1 2 .9 5 .1 1 5 .4 1 8 .8 1 3 .0 5 .0 1 4 .7 1 7 .7 1 2 .4 9 .1 3 .3 3 .3 3 .3 8 .9 3 .3 3 .3 3 .4 8 .7 3 .4 3 .5 3 .3 4 .7 1 2 .6 1 6 .1 1 1 .3 8 .1 3 .1 3 .2 3 .0 8 .2 1 7 .2 7 .0 7 .5 7 .2 7 .7 1 7 .9 2 0 .3 1 6 .1 1 6 .0 1 7 .4 1 4 .8 1 0 .3 5 .3 5 .8 3 .1 1 0 .4 5 .2 5 .6 3 .1 1 7 .4 2 1 .6 1 4 .4 1 1 .0 5 .6 6 .0 7 .2 1 6 .7 2 0 .3 1 4 .4 9 .2 Total, 16 years and over .......................................................................................... 16 to 19 years ..................................................................................................... 16 to 17 years ................................................................................................. 18 to 19 years ................................................................................................ 20 to 24 years ..................................................................................................... 25 years and o v e r ................................................................................................. 25 to 54 years ....................................................... ......................................... 55 years and over .......................................................................................... 1 ,6 4 0 792 858 1 ,6 2 0 3 ,6 2 1 3 ,0 7 4 555 Men, 16 years and over ..................................................................................... 16 to 19 years ................................................................................................. 16 to 17 y ears....................................................... .................................... 18 to 19 yea rs ............................................................................................ 20 to 24 years ................................................................................................. 25 years and over ..................................................................... ................ 25 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 years and over . . ...................*.......................................................... 3 ,5 3 3 875 453 424 902 1 ,8 2 9 1 ,5 1 8 312 705 1 ,5 2 9 1 ,2 7 8 2 56 Women, 16 years and over ................................................................................. 3 ,2 8 8 3 ,0 4 2 16 to 19 y e a r s .......................................................................................... .. 16 to 17 y ears............................................................................................ 18 to 19 yea rs ............................................................................................ 20 to 24 y e a r s .................................... ........................................................... 25 years and over ........................................................................................ . 25 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 years and over ...................................................................................... 7 65 773 4 00 382 1 9 .3 1 6 .2 1 7 .2 1 9 .9 1 5 .6 6 33 1 ,6 2 7 1 ,4 4 5 185 1 1 .0 6 .2 6 .5 4 .5 1 1 .0 4 .8 5 .2 3 .0 6 ,8 2 1 339 434 7 18 1 ,7 9 2 1 ,5 5 6 243 7 .9 3 .5 3 .6 2 .9 2 .9 5 .3 5 .8 3 .3 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemploym ent and the labor force, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Quarterly averages Monthly data 1978 1977 Measures 197 8 II J une J u ly A ug. 1 .6 1 .3 1 .2 1 .3 1 .2 3 .0 2 .6 2 .5 2 .3 2 .5 2 .5 A .9 A .7 A.O A.O 3 .9 A .2 A .2 6 .6 6 .5 6 .2 5 .7 5 .A 5 .2 5 .7 5 .5 U-5— Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force (official m easure)..................................................................................... 7 .1 6 .9 6 .6 6 .2 5 .9 5 .7 6 .2 5 .9 U-6— Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus Vi total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less Vi of the part-time labor force ................................... 8 .7 8 .6 8 .2 7 .6 7 .5 7 .A 7 .7 7 .5 U-7 — Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less Vi of the part-time labor force .............................................................. 9 .7 9 .7 9 .2 8 .5 8 .3 N .A . N .A . II III IV U-1— Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force ................................................................................... 1 .9 1 .9 1 .9 U-2— Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force ................................... 3 .1 3 .2 U-3— Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over................................................................... 5 .0 U-4— Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force ............................................................................................................ N .A .= not available. I N .A . HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employment status of the noninstitutional population for ten large States (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted * State and employment status Aug. 1977 J u ly 1978 A ug. 1978 Aug. 1977 Ap>r. 1978 M ay 1978 June 1978 J u ly 1978 Aug. 1978 1 5 ,9 7 6 1 0 ,3 6 5 9 ,5 4 7 819 7 .9 1 6 ,2 5 9 1 0 ,7 1 6 9 ,8 4 8 868 8 .1 1 6 ,2 8 3 1 0 ,6 9 1 9 ,9 4 7 745 7 .0 1 5 ,9 7 6 1 0 ,2 5 9 9 ,4 0 6 853 8 .3 1 6 ,1 7 5 1 0 ,6 4 3 9 ,8 6 2 7 81 7 .3 1 6 ,2 0 2 1 0 ,6 1 5 9 ,8 0 2 813 7 .7 1 6 ,2 3 2 1 0 ,5 4 4 9 ,7 8 3 7 61 7 .2 1 6 ,2 5 9 1 0 ,5 6 1 9 ,7 4 2 8 19 7 .8 1 6 ,2 8 3 1 0 ,5 8 6 9 ,8 0 7 779 7 .4 6 ,3 7 9 3 ,5 4 4 3 ,2 8 5 259 7 .3 6 ,5 6 9 3 ,8 2 9 3 ,5 6 8 261 6 .8 6 ,5 8 5 3 ,7 1 3 3 ,4 6 8 245 6 .6 6 ,3 7 9 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 6 ,5 1 5 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 6 ,5 3 3 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 6 ,5 5 2 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 6 ,5 6 9 (2 > (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 6 ,5 8 5 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 8 ,1 6 6 5 ,3 1 5 4 ,9 8 0 334 6 .3 8 ,2 2 4 5 ,4 0 9 5 ,0 6 4 345 6 .4 8 ,2 3 0 5 ,4 2 7 5 ,1 0 2 325 6 .0 8 ,1 6 6 5 ,2 6 4 4 ,9 3 0 334 6 .3 8 ,2 0 5 5 ,2 9 1 4 ,9 7 7 314 5 .9 8 ,2 1 2 5 ,3 4 7 4 ,9 6 9 378 7 .1 8 ,2 1 9 5 ,3 2 1 5 ,0 4 4 277 5 .2 8 ,2 2 4 5 ,2 8 9 4 ,9 7 5 314 5 .9 8 ,2 3 0 5 ,3 7 7 5 ,0 5 2 3 25 6 .0 4 ,3 0 0 2 ,8 5 1 2 ,5 9 3 259 9 .1 4 ,3 3 9 2 ,9 3 4 2 ,7 4 8 186 6 .3 4 ,3 4 3 2 ,9 0 5 2 ,7 1 0 195 6 .7 4 ,3 0 0 (2 ) 2 ,5 5 3 4 ,3 3 1 (2 ) (2 ) 4 ,3 2 7 (2 ) 2 ,6 7 2 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 2 ,6 6 2 (2 ) (2 ) 4 ,3 3 5 (2 ) 2 ,6 9 0 (2 ) (2 ) 4 ,3 3 9 (2 ) 2 ,6 9 1 (2 ) (2 ) 4 ,3 4 3 (2 ) 2 ,6 7 0 (2 ) (2 ) 6 ,5 6 0 4 ,1 6 2 3 ,7 7 8 384 9 .2 6 ,6 3 0 4 ,2 2 6 3 ,9 1 9 307 7 .3 6 ,6 3 7 4 ,1 9 9 3 ,8 6 2 3 37 8 .0 6 ,5 6 0 (2 ) (2 ) 394 (2 ) 6 ,6 0 9 (2 ) (2 ) 254 (2 ) 6 ,6 1 5 (2 ) (2 ) 287 (2 ) 6 ,6 2 4 (2 ) (2 ) 276 (2 ) 6 ,6 3 0 (2 ) (2 ) 289 (2 ) 6 ,6 3 7 (2 ) (2 ) 348 (2 ) 5 ,4 1 8 3 ,3 8 8 3 ,0 6 5 323 9 .5 5 ,4 6 8 3 ,4 8 5 3 ,2 0 9 276 7 .9 5 ,4 7 3 3 ,5 0 2 3 ,2 6 6 236 6 .7 5 ,4 1 8 3 ,3 0 4 2 ,9 7 6 328 9 .9 5 ,4 5 3 3 ,3 3 9 3 ,0 9 3 246 7 .4 5 ,4 5 8 3 ,3 6 3 3 ,1 0 1 262 7 .8 5 ,4 6 4 3 ,3 7 4 3 ,1 2 8 246 7 .3 5 ,4 6 8 3 ,3 8 5 3 ,1 2 7 258 7 .6 5 ,4 7 3 3 ,4 1 8 3 ,1 7 7 2 41 7 .1 1 3 ,3 0 4 7 ,8 7 6 7 ,2 4 8 627 8 .0 1 3 ,3 3 9 8 ,0 4 0 7 ,4 2 6 614 7 .6 1 3 ,3 4 1 8 ,0 2 6 7 ,4 4 2 584 7 .3 1 3 ,3 0 4 7 ,7 0 8 7 ,0 6 3 645 8 .4 1 3 ,3 2 4 7 ,8 4 2 7 ,2 3 9 603 7 .7 1 3 ,3 2 8 7 ,8 1 5 7 ,1 6 5 650 8 .3 1 3 ,3 3 4 7 ,7 8 4 7 ,2 1 1 573 7 .4 1 3 ,3 3 9 7 ,7 9 2 7 ,2 0 0 592 7 .6 1 3 ,3 4 1 7 ,8 5 7 7 ,2 5 7 600 7 .6 7 ,7 8 8 4 ,9 4 0 4 ,6 9 4 246 5 .0 7 ,8 4 4 5 ,0 2 4 4 ,7 5 8 267 5 .3 7 ,8 4 9 5 ,0 1 2 4 ,7 5 1 261 * 5 .2 7 ,7 8 8 4 ,8 1 9 4 ,5 7 0 249 5 .2 7 ,8 2 6 4 ,8 5 0 4 ,5 7 4 276 5 .7 7 ,8 3 2 4 ,8 8 3 4 ,6 0 3 280 5 .7 7 ,8 3 8 4 ,8 7 5 4 ,6 3 4 241 4 .9 7 ,8 4 4 4 ,9 3 0 4 ,6 5 4 276 5 .6 7 ,8 4 9 4 ,8 9 1 4 ,6 2 7 264 5 .4 8 ,8 2 1 5 ,2 8 1 4 ,8 7 7 403 7 .6 8 ,8 7 4 5 ,3 6 4 4 ,9 7 3 390 7 .3 8 ,8 7 8 5 ,3 1 6 4 ,9 6 8 347 6 .5 8 ,8 2 1 5 ,2 1 5 4 ,8 0 8 407 7 .8 8 ,8 5 6 5 ,2 4 8 4 ,8 6 6 382 7 .3 8 ,8 6 1 5 ,1 8 9 4 ,8 5 3 * 336 6 .5 8 ,8 6 8 5 ,2 2 1 4 ,9 1 9 302 5 .8 8 ,8 7 4 5 ,2 8 4 4 ,8 9 3 391 7 .4 8 ,8 7 8 5 ,2 4 8 4 ,8 9 7 351 6 .7 9 ,0 2 6 9 ,2 1 5 6 ,1 0 2 5 ,7 8 5 317 5 .2 9 ,2 3 3 6 ,0 4 1 5 ,7 3 6 306 5 .1 9 ,0 2 6 5 ,7 5 5 5 ,4 5 2 303 5 .3 9 ,1 6 0 5 ,9 5 5 5 ,6 9 5 260 4 .4 9 ,1 7 9 6 ,0 0 3 5 ,7 3 0 273 9 ,1 9 8 * 5 ,9 9 4 9 ,2 1 5 9 ,2 3 3 5 ,9 7 9 5 ,6 8 4 295 California Civilian noninstitutional population1 ......................................... Civilian labor fo rc e .................................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Florida Civilian noninstitutional population1 .......................................... Civilian labor fo r c e ..................................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Unemployed ......................... ............................................ Unemployment rate ......................................................... Illinois Civilian noninstitutional population1 ......... .......................... Civilian labor fo r c e ................ .................................................... Employed ............................................................................. Unemployed .......................................................................... Unemployment r a te .............................................................. Massachusetts Civilian noninstitutional population1............................................ Civilian labor fo r c e ..................................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Unemployed ....................................... .................................. Unemployment rate ..................................................... Michigan Civilian noninstitutional population1 ......................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ......... .................................................. New Jersey Civilian noninstitutional population1............................ ............ Civilian labor fo r c e ..................................................................... Employed ....................................... ; .................................... Unemployed ..............................................................: . . . . Unemployment ra te .............. ............................................ New York Civilian noninstitutional population1 ......................................... Civilian labor fo r c e ..................................................................... Employed ....................................................... ....................... Unemployed............................................................................ Unemployment r a te ....................................... ...................... Ohio Civilian noninstitutional population1 ......................................... Civilian labor fo r c e ..................................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Unemployed .......................................................................... Unemployment r a te .............................................................. Pennsylvania Civilian noninstitutional population1 .......................................... Civilian labor fo r c e ..................................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment r a te .............................................................. Texas Civilian noninstitutional population1 ......... ................................ Civilian labor fo r c e ..................................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Unemployed .......................................................................... Unemployment r a te .............................................................. 5 ,8 1 9 5 ,5 0 4 315 5 .4 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal*variations; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns. * These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics'estimates used in the administration of Federal fund allocation programs. NOTE: A comprehensive reappraisal of the seasonal adjustment of the employment and unemployment series for all 10 States is now underway. Revisions in certain series will be introduced in the near future. l 4-5 5 ,7 1 9 275 4 .6 5 ,9 8 9 5 ,6 9 0 * 299 5 .0 4 .9 3 Seasonally-adjusted data are not presented for this series, because the variations that are due to seasonal influences cannot be separated with sufficient precision from those which stem from the trend-cycle and irregular components of the original time series, ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry tin thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry AUG* 1977 JUNE 1978 JULY p 1978 AOG. p 1978 AUG. 1977 APR. 1978 HAY 1978 JUNE 1978 JULY 1978 AUG. p 1978 TOTAL ..................................................... 8 2 ,3 9 7 8 6 ,6 4 2 8 5 ,7 9 6 8 6 ,0 9 5 8 2 ,4 7 4 85,-223 8 5 ,4 6 6 8 5 ,8 2 0 8 6 ,0 0 3 8 6 ,1 1 6 GOODS-PRODUCING .............................................. 2 4 ,8 0 0 2 5 ,9 0 6 2 5 ,7 9 5 2 6 ,1 1 2 2 4 ,3 0 5 2 5 ,3 5 1 2 5 ,4 2 9 2 5 ,5 5 4 2 5 ,6 1 4 2 5 ,5 4 8 903 912 919 922 MINING ................................................................ 833 928 936 939 818 898 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION............................. 4 ,2 0 4 4 ,5 3 4 4 ,6 4 2 4 ,7 0 4 3 ,8 9 3 4 ,2 3 7 4 ,2 6 8 4 ,3 5 5 4 ,3 /9 4 ,3 5 6 MANUFACTURING.............................................. Production workers ........................................... 1 9 ,7 6 3 1 4 ,2 1 7 2 0 ,4 4 4 1 4 ,7 5 1 2 0 ,2 1 7 1 4 ,4 9 8 2 0 ,4 6 9 1 4 ,7 3 4 1 9 ,5 9 4 1 4 ,0 7 8 2 0 ,2 1 6 1 4 ,5 8 8 2 0 ,2 5 8 1 4 ,6 1 4 2 0 ,2 8 7 1 4 ,6 1 6 2 0 ,3 1 6 1 4 ,6 1 1 2 0 ,2 7 0 1 4 ,5 6 0 DURABLE GOODS .............................................................. Production w orkers ............................................. 1 1 ,5 2 2 8 ,2 3 0 1 2 ,1 6 8 8 ,7 5 8 1 2 ,0 5 6 8 ,6 2 0 1 2 ,1 3 9 8 ,6 9 6 1 1 ,5 2 7 8 ,2 5 2 1 1 ,9 9 2 8 ,6 3 2 1 2 ,0 2 9 8 ,6 5 3 1 2 ,0 4 9 8 ,6 5 4 1 2 ,1 1 0 8 ,6 8 2 1 2 ,1 1 5 8 ,6 8 2 Ordnance and accessories ................................................ Lumber and wood products ............................................ Furniture and fix ture s ................................ ...................... Stone, clay, and glass products................................ Primary metal industries.................................................. Fabricated metal products ....... ...................................... Machinery, except electrical ................................ ........... Electrical equipm ent..................................................... .... Transportation equipment................................................ Instruments and related products................................... Miscellaneous, manufacturing.............................. ............. 1 5 5*9 6 6 6 *7 5 1 3 .2 6 7 3 .5 1 ,2 0 6 * 3 1 ,4 6 4 .0 2 ,1 9 2 .7 1 ,9 4 7 .2 1 ,7 4 9 .4 5 2 7 .6 4 2 5 .8 1 5 8 .6 6 9 2 .8 5 3 6 .5 7 0 4 .2 1 ,2 3 8 .5 1 ,5 3 6 .3 2 ,3 4 6 .8 2 , 0 6 4 .0 1 ,9 0 1 .1 5 5 8 .5 4 3 0 .4 1 5 9 .8 6 8 9 .7 5 2 3 .3 7 0 3 .2 1 ,2 2 9 .8 1 ,5 1 3 .7 2 ,3 4 0 .6 2 ,0 5 4 .3 1 ,8 7 4 .8 5 5 4 .7 4 1 1 .8 1 6 1 .3 6 9 6 .6 5 4 1 .4 7 0 1 .4 1 ,2 2 9 .7 1 ,5 2 2 .3 2 ,3 5 4 .6 2 ,0 8 4 .9 1 ,8 6 3 .0 5 5 4 .8 4 2 8 .2 156 642 508 656 1 ,2 0 2 1 ,4 6 0 2 ,2 1 0 1 ,9 5 1 1 ,8 0 2 526 414 157 669 538 687 1 ,2 1 6 1 ,5 2 0 2 ,3 1 1 2 ,0 4 1 1 ,8 7 6 548 429 158 672 537 689 1 ,2 2 4 1 ,5 2 4 2 ,3 1 9 2 ,0 4 5 1 ,8 8 2 551 428 159 670 535 690 1 ,2 2 3 1 ,5 2 4 2 ,3 3 5 2 ,0 5 6 1 ,8 7 5 555 42 7 160 670 538 689 1 ,2 2 2 1 ,5 2 9 2 ,3 6 2 2 ,0 8 3 1 ,8 8 3 556 418 161 671 536 683 1 ,2 2 5 1,51V 2 ,3 7 4 2 ,0 8 9 1 ,8 8 7 553 417 NONDURABLE GOODS ............ ..................................... Production workers ........................................... 8 ,2 4 1 5 ,9 8 7 8 ,2 7 6 5 ,9 9 3 8 ,1 6 1 5 ,8 7 8 8 ,3 3 0 6 ,0 3 8 8 ,0 6 7 5 ,8 2 * 8 ,2 2 4 5 ,9 5 6 8 ,2 2 9 5 ,9 6 1 8 ,2 3 8 5 ,9 6 2 8 ,2 0 6 5 ,9 2 9 8 ,1 5 5 5 ,8 7 8 Food and kindred products ..................................... Tobacco manufacturers..................................................... Textile mill products ....................................................... Apparel and other textile products................................ Paper and allied products ................................................ Printing and publishing..................................................... Chemicals and allied products------* ............................... Petroleum and coal products ......................................... Rubber and plastics products, n e c ................................... Leather and leather products ......................................... 1, 8 3 0 .0 7 3 .7 9 9 0 .0 1 ,2 9 5 .2 7 1 1 .0 1 ,1 1 2 .0 1 ,0 7 0 .6 2 1 5 .0 6 7 8 .3 2 6 5 .6 1 ,7 2 4 .8 1 ,7 5 2 .6 6 2 .5 6 2 .7 1 ,0 0 3 .5 9 7 9 .5 1 ,3 1 4 .6 1 ,2 4 0 .6 7 3 0 .0 7 2 4 .0 1 ,1 5 0 .1 1 ,1 4 5 .2 1 ,0 8 5 .1 1 ,0 8 4 .4 2 1 9 .2 2 2 0 .0 7 1 4 .4 7 0 2 .2 2 7 2 .0 2 4 9 .3 1 ,8 2 2 .6 6 7 .9 1 ,0 0 0 .4 1 ,2 8 9 .3 7 2 2 .4 1 ,1 5 2 .5 1 ,0 8 6 .7 2 2 0 .4 7 0 5 .2 2 6 2 .8 1 ,7 1 0 68 982 1 ,2 8 6 704 1 ,1 1 4 1 ,0 6 1 210 671 261 1 ,7 4 0 68 991 1 ,3 0 3 718 1 ,1 3 7 1 ,0 7 4 216 713 264 1 ,7 3 1 69 995 1 ,2 9 9 722 1 ,1 4 1 1 ,0 8 0 215 712 265 1 ,7 3 3 70 994 1 ,2 9 9 723 1 ,1 5 0 1 ,0 7 9 215 710 265 1 ,7 2 3 69 998 1 ,2 8 3 725 1 ,1 5 0 1 ,0 7 9 214 710 255 1 ,7 0 3 62 992 1 ,2 8 0 715 1 ,1 5 5 1 ,0 7 7 215 6*98 258 SERVICE-PRODUCING............................................. 5 7 ,5 9 7 5 9 ,9 8 3 5 8 ,1 6 9 5 9 ,8 7 2 6 0 ,0 3 7 6 0 ,2 6 6 6 0 ,3 8 9 6 0 ,5 6 8 6 0 ,7 3 6 6 0 ,0 0 1 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U TILITIE S ......................................................... 4 ,6 0 4 4 ,7 7 1 4 ,7 2 9 4 ,7 5 4 4 ,5 8 1 4 ,7 0 9 4 ,7 1 4 4 ,7 2 8 4 ,6 9 6 4 ,7 3 0 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE ................... 1 8 ,3 5 2 1 9 ,1 4 5 1 9 ,1 0 9 1 9 ,1 7 9 1 8 ,3 7 7 1 8 ,8 9 1 1 8 ,9 6 7 1 9 ,0 6 4 1 9 ,1 2 6 1 9 ,2 0 5 WHOLESALE TRADE .............................................. R E TA IL T R A D E ..................................................................... 4 ,4 2 9 1 3 ,9 2 3 4 ,6 0 4 1 4 ,5 4 1 4 ,6 0 2 1 4 ,5 0 7 4 ,6 2 1 1 4 ,5 5 8 4 ,3 9 8 1 3 ,9 7 9 4 ,5 5 5 1 4 ,3 3 6 4 ,5 6 8 1 4 ,3 9 9 4 ,5 8 1 1 4 ,4 8 3 4 ,5 7 5 1 4 ,5 5 1 4 ,5 8 9 1 4 ,6 1 6 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE .. 4 ,5 7 8 4 ,7 8 0 4 ,8 1 6 4 ,8 3 1 4 ,5 2 4 4 ,6 8 3 4 ,7 1 2 4 ,7 3 7 4 ,7 5 4 4 ,7 7 4 SERVICES ............................................................ 1 5 ,5 8 7 1 6 ,2 3 9 1 6 ,3 3 1 1 6 ,3 5 8 1 5 ,4 4 8 1 5 ,9 6 2 1 5 ,9 7 0 1 6 ,0 3 1 1 6 ,1 5 3 1 6 ,2 1 2 GOVERNMENT ............................................. 1 4 ,4 7 6 1 5 ,8 0 1 1 5 ,0 1 6 1 4 ,8 6 1 1 5 ,2 3 9 1 5 ,6 2 7 1 5 ,6 7 4 1 5 ,7 0 6 1 5 ,6 6 0 1 5 ,6 4 7 2 ,7 5 7 1 1 ,7 1 9 2,*802 1 2 ,9 9 9 2 ,8 1 5 1 2 ,2 0 1 2 ,7 9 4 1 2 ,0 6 7 2 ,7 3 2 1 2 ,5 0 7 2 ,7 4 4 1 2 ,8 8 3 2 ,7 5 3 1 2 ,9 2 1 2 ,7 7 2 1 2 ,9 3 4 2 ,7 6 3 1 2 ,8 9 7 2 ,7 6 9 1 2 ,8 7 8 ' FEDERAL ............................................................................ STATE A N D LOCAL ............ ^preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private n6nagricultural payrolls, by industry Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted Industry TOTAL PRIVATE.................................... M IN IN G .................................................................. AUG. JUN2 JULY 1977 1978 1978 AUG. p 1978 P AUG. APR. 1977 1978 MAY 1978 JUNE JULY 1978 1978 P AUG. 1978 36. 5 3 6 .3 3 6 .5 3 6 .4 3 6 .0 3 6 .3 3 6 .0 3 6 .1 3 6 .0 3 5 .9 4 4 .2 44. i 4 3 .3 4 3 .3 4 4 .2 44. 3 4 3 .9 4 3 .6 4 3 .2 4 3 .3 3 6 .5 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION............................... 3 7 .4 3 7 .9 3 8 .3 3 7 .9 3 6 .5 3 7 .4 3 6 .7 3 7 .3 2 7 .4 MANUFACTURING................................................ 4 0 .3 3 .5 40. 7 3 .5 4 0 .2 3 .5 4 0 .3 3 .6 4 0 .3 3 .3 4 0 .6 3 .6 4 0 .3 3 .5 4 0 .4 3 .5 4 0 .4 1. c 4 0 .3 -> c 40. a 4 1 .4 3 .8 4 0 .8 3 .7 4 0 .8 3 .8 4 0 .9 3 .5 4 1 .2 3 .9 4 0 .9 3 .7 4 1 .1 3 .7 4 1 .1 3 .8 4 0 .4 3 .7 4 1 .1 4 0 .8 3 9 .7 4 2 .3 4 2 .0 4 1 .4 4 2 .2 4 0 .4 4 0 .1 4 0 .0 3 9 .0 42. 1 4 1 .9 4 0 .5 4 1 .2 3 9 .9 4 1 .7 4 0 .2 3 8 .4 4 0 .6 4 0 .2 3 9 .5 4 1 .9 4 1 .5 4 0 .9 4 1 .6 4 0 .0 4 0 .9 4 0 .1 3 8 .6 4 0 .2 39. 6 3 9 .0 4 1 .4 4 1 .0 4 0 .9 4 1 .8 4 0 .3 4 2 .3 4 0 .3 3 6 .8 4 0 .3 3 9 .9 3 9 .8 4 2 .1 4 1 .4 4 1 .4 4 2 .2 4 0 .3 4 1 .9 4 1 .2 3 9 .3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 0 .9 4 C .4 4 1 .0 Furniture and fix tu re s ......................................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .......................................... Primary metal industries ..................................................... Fabricated metal products ................................................ Machinery, except electrical .............................................. Electrical e quipm ent............................................................ Transportation equipment ................................................ Instruments and related products ..................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing.............................................. 3 9 .8 40. i 3 9 .5 4 1 .8 4 0 .8 4 1 .0 4 1 .5 4 0 .2 4 1 .4 4 0 .1 3 8 .8 4 0 .0 39. 3 4 1 .9 4 1 .7 4 1 .1 4 2 .3 4 0 .2 4 1 .7 4 0 .8 3 9 .0 4 0 .2 3 9 .4 4 1 .5 4 2 .0 4 0 .5 4 1 .5 4 0 .5 4 1 .5 4 0 .6 3 8 .8 ?9 .7 3 9 .0 4 1 .5 4 1 .7 4 0 .8 4 1 .5 4 0 .1 4 1 .8 4 0 .3 3 8 . fc NONDURABLE G O O D S .......................................................... Overtime hours ..................................................................... 3 9 .5 3 .3 3 9 .7 3 .2 3 9 .5 3 2 3 9 .6 3 .4 3 9 .3 3 .1 3 9 .8 3 .4 3 9 .5 3 .2 3 5 .5 3 .1 3 5 .4 3 .1 3 9 .3 3 .2 40. 3 38. 1 4 0 .4 3 5 .6 4 2 .7 3 7 .9 4 1 .6 4 2 .7 4 0 .7 3 7 .4 3 9 .7 4 0 .7 4 0 .7 36. 1 4 3 .2 3 7 .5 4 2 .0 4 3 .9 4 1 .0 3 8 .4 4 0 .0 36. 5 40. ) 3 5 .9 4 2 .8 3 7 .6 4 1 .6 44. 4 4 0 .4 3 7 .6 4 0 .1 3 7 .1 4 0 .3 3 5 .9 4 3 .0 3 8 .0 4 1 .5 4 3 .4 4 0 .8 3 7 .6 3 9 .7 3 7 .8 4 0 .' 2 3 5 .5 4 2 .4 3 7 .7 4 1 .8 4 3 .0 4 0 .8 3 7 .3 4 0 .0 3 8 .9 4 0 .7 3 6 .1 4 3 .4 33. 1 4 1 .9 4 3 .8 4 1 .0 3 8 .3 3 9 .8 3 9 .0 4 0 .3 3 5 .8 4 2 .9 3 7 .4 4 1 .8 4 3 .5 4 0 .8 3 7 .7 3 5 .6 4 0 .5 4 0 .1 3 5 .9 4 3 .0 2 7 .5 4 1 .9 4 3 .8 4 0 .9 3 7 .6 3 9 .7 3 9 .0 4 0 .0 3 5 .6 4 2 .8 3 7 .7 4 1 .7 4 3 .9 4 0 .6 3 7 .2 3 9 .5 3 fc • 8 4 0 .1 3 5 .6 4 2 .7 3 7 .8 4 1 .7 4 3 .7 4 0 .9 3 7 .* ' 4 0 .4 4 0 .3 4 0 .4 4 0 .4 4 0 .0 40. 1 4 0 .3 4 0 .1 4 0 .C -4 0 .0 3 2 .4 DURABLE G O O D S .................................................................. 3 .6 Food and kindred products................................................ Tobacco manufacturers....................................................... Textile mill products ......................................................... Apparel and other textile products ................................... Paper and allied products..................................................... Printing and publishing ....................................... ............... Chemicals and allied products ............................................ Petroleum and coal products.............................. .. Rubber and plastics products, n e c ..................................... Leather and leather products . ............................................ TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES....................................................... 4 2 .1 4 0 .8 39. 1 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TR A D E ................. 3 4 .0 3 3 .4 3 3 .8 3 3 .6 3 3 .2 WHOLESALE TRADE ....................................................... RETAIL TRADE ................................................................. 3 8 .9 3 2 .6 3 9 .1 3 1 .7 3 9 .2 3 2 .3 3 9 .1 3 2 .1 3 8 .8 3 1 .6 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ............................................... 3 6 .8 3 6 .5 3 6 .8 3 6 .7 3 6 .7 SERVICES .............. .................................... 3 3 .7 3 3 .5 3 3 .8 3 3 .8 3 3 .2 . 0 .7 9 .4 9 .4 1 .6 1 .6 1 .0 2 .0 0 .1 1 .4 0 .7 8 .9 3 3 .1 3 3 .0 3 3 .0 3 3 .0 3 9 .0 3 1 .4 3 8 .9 3 1 .3 3 9 .0 3 1 .3 3 9 .0 3 1 .3 3 9 .0 3 1 .1 3 6 .8 3 6 .5 3 6 .5 3 6 .7 3 6 .6 3 3 .2 3 3 .3 3 3 .2 3 3 .3 3 3 .4 p 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls. p= prelim inary. ESTABLISHMENT BATA Tab fc B - 3 ESTABLISHMENT DATA A v e r a g e h o u rly a n d w e e k ly e a rn in g s of p ro d u c tio n o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e rs on p riv a te n o n a g ric u it u ra l p a yro lls, by in d u stry Average hourly earnings Avenge weekly earnings Industry AUG1977 JUNE 1978 JULV 1978 AUG. p 1978 4 5 -2 6 5 *2 8 $ 5 .6 7 5 .6 8 $ 5 .7 1 5 , 73 $ 5 ,7 2 5 .7 4 $ 1 9 1 .9 9 1 9 0 .0 8 $ 2 0 5 ,8 2 2 0 5 .0 5 $ 2 0 8 .4 2 2 0 6 .2 8 $ 2 0 8 .2 1 2 0 6 .0 7 . .............................. 6 ,8 6 7 .6 0 7 .6 9 7 .6 9 3 0 3 .2 1 3 3 5 .1 6 3 3 2 .9 8 3 3 2 .9 8 C O N T R A C T C O N S T R U C T I O N ............................................................................................... 8 .0 6 8 .4 8 8 ,5 7 8 .6 2 3 0 1 .4 4 3 2 1 .3 9 3 2 8 .2 3 3 2 6 .7 0 M A N U F A C T U R I N G ....................................... .............................................................................. 5 .6 5 6 .0 7 6 .1 3 6 .1 3 2 2 7 .7 0 2 4 7 ,0 5 2 4 6 .4 3 2 4 7 .0 4 6 ,0 3 6 .4 7 6 *5 2 6 .5 2 2 4 6 .0 2 2 6 7 .8 6 2 6 6 .0 2 2 6 6 .0 2 6 .3 0 5 .1 3 4 .3 5 5 .8 4 7 .6 0 5 .8 7 6 .2 1 5 .4 0 7 .1 1 5 .2 1 4 .3 3 6 .7 2 5 .6 1 4 .6 4 6 .2 8 8 .1 2 6 .2 2 6 .6 5 5 .7 2 7 .6 7 5 .5 5 4 .6 4 6 .7 6 5 .6 6 4 .6 6 6 .3 3 8 .2 0 6 .2 5 6 .6 6 5 .3 0 7 .7 1 5 .6 0 4 .6 7 6 .8 7 5 .6 4 4 .7 3 6 .3 2 8 .2 5 6 .2 9 6 .7 0 5 .8 2 7 .6 3 5 .5 5 4 .7 1 2 5 0 .7 4 2 0 5 .7 1 1 7 1 .8 3 2 4 4 .1 1 3 1 0 .0 8 2 4 0 .6 7 2 7 6 .1 9 2 2 8 .8 9 2 5 7 .7 2 2 1 7 .0 8 2 9 4 .3 5 2 0 8 .9 2 1 6 8 .0 0 1 8 4 .2 1 2 6 5 .6 4 3 4 1 .0 4 2 5 7 .5 1 2 8 0 .6 3 2 3 1 .0 9 3 2 2 .9 1 2 2 6 .4 4 1 8 1 .4 2 2 7 1 .0 8 2 2 6 .4 0 1 8 1 .7 4 2 6 6 .4 9 3 4 2 .5 8 2 5 3 .1 3 2 7 4 .3 9 2 3 1 .4 2 3 2 1 .5 1 2 2 5 .1 2 1 7 9 .3 3 2 7 8 .9 2 2 2 6 .7 3 1 8 6 .8 4 2 6 4 .8 1 3 4 2 .2 8 2 5 7 .2 6 2 7 8 .7 2 2 3 2 .8 0 3 1 2 .0 7 2 2 2 .5 6 1 8 1 .8 1 NONDURABLE G O O D S .................................................................................... ......................... 5 .1 1 5 .4 5 5 .5 4 5 . 54 2 0 1 .8 5 2 1 6 .3 7 2 1 8 .8 3 2 1 9 .3 8 Food and kindred products...................................................................................................... Tobacco manufacturers......... ..................................................................................................... Textile mill products.................................................................................................................... Apparel and other textile products................................ .......................................................... Paper and allied products........................................................................................................... Printing and publishing ............................................................................................................. Chemicals and allied products.................................................................................................... Petroleum and coal products....................................................... ............................................ Rubber and plastics products, n e c ........................................................................................... Leather and leather products..................................................................................................... 5 .3 6 5 .4 3 4 .0 5 3 .6 2 6 .0 0 6 .1 5 6 .4 5 7 . 73 5 ,1 4 3 ,6 2 5 .7 3 6 .5 6 4 .2 0 3 .9 2 6 .4 6 6 .4 4 6 .9 3 6 . 37 5 .4 4 3 .9 1 5 .7 9 6 .5 0 4 .3 0 3 .9 2 6 .5 8 6 .4 8 7 .0 2 8 .4 4 5 .4 9 3 .9 2 5 .8 0 6 .1 8 4 .3 7 3 .9 5 6 .5 8 6 .5 3 7 .0 3 8 .4 3 5 .5 0 3 .9 1 2 1 6 .0 1 2 0 6 .8 8 1 6 3 .6 2 1 2 9 .6 0 2 5 6 .2 0 2 3 3 . G9 2 6 8 .3 2 3 3 0 .0 7 2 0 9 .2 0 1 3 5 .3 9 2 2 7 .4 8 2 6 6 .9 9 1 7 0 .9 4 1 4 1 .5 1 2 7 9 .0 7 2 4 1 .5 0 2 9 1 .0 6 3 6 7 .4 4 2 2 3 .0 4 1 5 0 .1 4 2 3 1 .6 0 2 3 7 .9 0 1 7 2 .0 0 1 4 0 .7 3 2 8 1 .6 2 2 4 3 .6 5 2 9 2 .0 3 3 7 4 .7 4 2 2 1 .8 0 1 4 7 .3 9 2 3 2 .5 8 2 2 9 .2 8 1 7 6 .1 1 1 4 1 .8 1 2 8 2 .9 4 2 4 8 .1 4 2 9 1 .7 5 3 6 5 .8 6 2 2 4 .4 0 1 4 7 .0 2 T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S ........................................................ 6 .9 9 7 .4 4 7 .5 0 7 .5 6 2 8 2 .4 0 2 9 9 .8 3 3 0 3 .0 0 3 0 5 .4 2 W H O L E S A L E A N D R E T A IL T R A D E ............................................................................... 4 .2 8 4 .6 5 4 .6 7 4 .6 7 1 4 5 .5 2 1 5 5 .3 1 1 5 7 .8 5 1 5 6 .9 1 5 .5 6 3 .8 3 6 .0 3 4 .1 5 6 .0 9 4 .1 7 6 .0 9 4 .1 7 2 1 6 .2 8 1 2 4 .8 6 2 3 5 .7 7 1 3 1 .5 6 2 3 8 .7 3 1 3 4 .6 9 2 3 8 .1 2 1 3 3 .8 6 ................................ 4 .6 0 4 .9 5 5 .0 1 4 .9 8 1 6 9 .2 8 1 8 0 .6 8 1 8 4 .3 7 1 8 2 .7 7 S E R V I C E S .................................................................................................................................... 4 .6 8 5 .0 4 5 .0 6 5 .0 4 1 5 7 .7 2 1 6 8 .8 4 1 7 1 .0 3 1 7 C .3 5 T O T A L P R I V A T E ......................................... ............................... Seasonally a d ju ste d ................................ ................................................................ M I N I N G .......................................................................................................... DURA81 E GOODS .................................................................................................................... Ordnance and accessories........................................................................................................... Lumber and wood products....................................................................................................... Furniture and fix tu re s ................................................................................................................ Stone., clay, and glass products ................................................................................................ Primary metal industries......... ................................................................... ............................... Fabricated metai products......... .................................................., .......................................... Machinery, except electrical...................................................................................................... Electrical equipment ....................................... ........................................................................... Transportation equipment ......................................................................................................... Instruments and related products.............................................................................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing................................................................................................... l WHOLESALE T R A D E ............. ........................................................................... .................... R ETAIL T R A D E ......................................................................................................................... F IN A N C E , IN S U R A N C E , A N D R E A L 1 See footnote 1. table 8-2. p~ preliminary. ESTATE...... AUG. 1977 JUNE 1978 JU LY 1978 AUG. 1978 p ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Hourly earnings index for production or nonsupervisory workers1on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, seasonally adjusted [ 1967* 100] Percent change from Industry A UG . 1977 M A R. 1978 APR. 1978 MAY 1978 JUNE 1978 JU LY P 1978 AUG. 1978 Current dollars............... ............................................. Constant ( 1967) dollars........... .................................. 1 9 9 .9 1 0 9 .2 2 1 0 .2 1 1 0 .5 2 1 2 .1 1 1 0 .6 2 1 2 .8 1 0 9 .9 2 1 3 .9 1 0 9 .5 2 1 5 .8 1 1 0 .0 2 1 6 .1 N .A . 8 .1 (2 ) 0 .1 (3 ) MINING ............................................................................ CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION........................................ MANUFACTURING ............................................. ......... TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S ............. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL T R A D E .............................. FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ........... SERVICES ........................................................................ 2 1 7 .4 1 9 5 .8 2 0 1 .2 2 1 2 .3 1 9 3 .3 1 8 0 .6 2 0 4 .8 2 2 5 .3 2 0 3 .8 2 1 0 .9 2 2 5 .0 2 0 4 .8 I8 ! i. 5 2 1 5 .7 2 3 5 .6 2 0 4 .2 2 1 2 .1 2 2 8 .2 207. 1 1 9 1 .5 2 1 7 .4 2 3 6 .5 2 0 6 .2 2 1 3 .3 2 2 8 .3 2 0 7 .2 1 9 1 .6 217. 5 2 3 9 .2 2 C 7 .7 2 1 4 .8 2 2 9 .0 2 C 8 .4 1 9 3 .7 2 1 7 .5 2 4 2 .8 2 0 9 .2 2 1 6 .6 2 3 0 .1 2 1 0 .6 1 9 6 .3 219 .7? 2 4 3 .9 2 0 9 .6 2 1 7 .3 2 2 9 .2 2 1 0 .9 1 9 5 .5 2 2 0 .2 1 2 .2 7 .0 8 .0 7 .9 9 .1 8 .2 7 .5 .5 .2 .3 -.4 .1 -.4 •2 P AUG. AUG. 19771978 JU LY AUG. 19781978 T O T A L P R IV A T E N O N F A R M : * See footnote 1, table B-2. ? PER CENT CHANGE WAS . 6 * PERCENT CHANGE WAS . 4 FROM FROM JU LY JUNE 1977 1978 TO J U L Y TO JU LY 1978, 1978, THE L A T E S T THE L A T E S T • MONTH A V A IL A B L E . MONTH A V A IL A B L E . N.A. = not available: p=preliminary. NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries. Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers,1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted [ 1967* 100] 1977 1978 Industry ctivision and group AUG . SEPT. O CT. NQV. DEC. JAN. FEB. M A R. APR. MAY JUNE JU LY P A U G . TOTAL PRIVATE............................. 1 1 5 .6 1 1 5 .9 1 1 6 .8 1 1 7 .2 1 1 7 .5 1 2 0 .3 1 2 0 .0 1 2 0 .7 1 2 0 .9 1 2 0 .8 GOODS-PRODUCING ...................................... 1 0 0 .6 1 0 0 .9 1 0 1 .7 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .1 99. 5 1 0 1 .4 1 0 4 .3 1 0 6 .8 1 0 6 .1 1 0 7 .1 1 0 7 .1 1 0 6 .2 MINING....................................................... 1 3 4 .7 1 4 2 .5 1 4 3 .9 1 4 4 .8 1 1 3 .3 1 1 0 .7 1 1 2 .6 1 1 8 .7 1 5 0 .5 1 5 0 .5 1 5 0 .3 1 5 0 .4 1 5 1 .0 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION...................... 1 1 0 .8 1 1 0 .4 1 1 2 .3 1 1 4 .0 1 1 3 .5 1 0 4 .7 1 0 8 .9 1 1 6 .5 1 2 5 .0 1 2 3 .6 1 2 8 .8 1 3 0 .0 1 2 7 .0 9 7 .6 9 7 .8 9 8 .4 9 8 .8 9 9 .7 9 8 .2 9 9 .7 1 0 1 .7 1 0 2 .1 1 0 1 .5 1 0 1 .8 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .0 MANUFACTURING .......................... 1 1 6 . 1 1 11. 7 . O 1 1 9 . 2 Miscellaneous manufacturing industry................. 9 8 .1 3 9 .3 1 0 4 .0 1 0 7 .2 1 0 4 .1 8 8 .2 1 0 3 .3 1 0 3 .5 9 8 .3 9 5 .4 1 1 1 .3 9 1 .3 9 8 .4 3 9 .1 1 0 6 .0 1 0 8 .3 1 0 3 .3 8 9 .0 103* 1 1 0 3 .6 9 7 .8 9 6 .5 1 1 2 .4 9 0 .3 9 9 .3 3 8 .2 1 0 6 .8 1 1 0 .6 1 0 3 .2 8 9 .7 1 0 5 .0 1 0 5 .5 9 8 .8 9 6 .2 1 1 3 .2 9 1 .1 9 9 .5 3 8 .2 1 0 9 .5 1 1 1 .7 1 0 6 .7 8 9 .5 1 0 5 .7 1 0 4 .9 9 9 .4 9 4 .5 1 1 3 .4 9 1 .5 1 0 0 .8 4 0 .2 1 0 9 .8 1 1 3 .8 1 0 7 .0 8 9 .7 1 0 7 .7 1 0 6 .0 1 0 0 .4 9 6 .7 1 1 4 .4 9 3 .9 9 9 .3 3 9 .8 1 0 7 .6 1 0 9 .3 1 0 4 .3 8 9 .5 1 0 5 .3 1 0 4 .0 9 8 .9 9 6 .5 1 1 3 .4 9 2 .3 1 0 0 .9 3 8 .1 1 0 6 .8 1 1 6 .5 1 0 5 .4 9 1 .2 1 0 7 .6 1 0 7 .0 1 0 0 .3 9 6 .3 1 1 4 .8 9 3 .9 1 0 3 .0 4 1 .3 1 0 9 .3 1 1 7 .6 1 0 8 .0 9 0 .5 1 0 9 .1 1 0 9 .1 i0 3 .4 9 9 .0 1 1 7 .8 9 6 *4 1 0 3 .3 4 0 .5 1 0 9 .0 1 1 7 .0 1 1 0 .7 9 0 .8 1 0 9 .7 1 1 0 .0 1 0 3 .1 9 9 .1 1 1 9 .2 9 6 .9 1 0 2 .8 4 0 .9 1 0 7 .8 1 1 5 .3 1 0 9 .8 9 2 .0 1 0 8 .9 1 0 9 .7 1 0 2 .8 9 8 .2 1 1 8 .1 9 5 .3 1 0 3 .3 4 1 .7 1 0 9 .4 U 4 .5 1 1 0 .6 9 2 .0 1 0 9 .1 1 1 1 .3 1 0 3 .3 9 7 .9 1 1 9 .8 9 5 .6 1 0 3 .4 4 1 .2 1 0 9 .8 1 1 5 .0 1 1 0 .4 9 2 .9 1 0 8 .6 1 1 1 .9 1 0 5 .0 9 6 .6 1 1 8 .8 9 2 .5 1 0 3 .2 4 2 .3 1 0 8 .4 1 1 3 .6 1 0 8 .0 9 2 .2 1 0 7 .2 1 1 2 .4 1 0 4 .7 9 8 .8 1 1 6 .6 9 1 .4 NONDURABLE GOODS............................................. Food and kindred products.................................... Tobacco manufacturers........................................... Textile mill products................. ......................... .... Apparel and other textile products........................ Paper and-allied products........................................ Printing arid publishing........................................... Chemicals and allied products ................................ Petroleum and coal products.................................. Rubber and plastics products, nec.......................... Leather and leather products ................................ 9 6 .9 9 4 .5 7 1 .7 9 8 .9 8 7 .8 9 9 .4 9 5 .1 1 0 3 .4 1 2 0 .4 1 2 9 .7 7 1 .8 9 6 .9 9 4 .1 7 3 .2 9 9 .4 8 7 .2 9 9 .7 9 5 .7 1 0 3 .0 1 2 0 .8 1 2 9 .3 7 2 .7 9 7 .1 9 2 .8 7 2 .4 1 0 0 .2 8 7 .8 1 0 0 .2 9 5 .7 1 0 2 .6 1 2 2 .8 1 3 0 .5 7 3 .8 9 7 .8 9 4 .2 7 2 .2 1 0 1 .4 8 8 .6 9 9 .6 9 5 .9 1 0 3 .0 1 2 4 .8 1 3 2 .5 7 3 .7 9 8 .1 9 4 .6 7 4 .0 1 0 0 .8 8 9 .0 1 0 0 .8 9 5 .9 1 0 3 .5 1 2 5 .7 1 3 3 .8 7 1 .9 9 6 .5 9 4 .4 7 2 .4 9 9 .3 8 4 .2 9 9 .3 9 4 .6 1 0 3 .8 1 2 6 .6 1 3 1 .3 7 0 .7 9 7 .8 9 6 .0 7 4 .4 1 0 0 .4 8 7 .2 1 0 0 .2 9 5 .3 1 0 4 .5 1 2 7 .8 1 3 1 .9 7 0 .7 9 9 .9 9 7 .6 7 6 .7 1 0 1 .3 8 9 .4 1 0 3 .1 9 7 .4 1 0 5 .5 1 2 8 .6 1 3 7 .4 7 2 .6 1 0 0 .3 9 7 .5 7 3 .8 1 0 1 .2 9 0 .8 1 0 3 .7 9 7 .6 1 0 5 .2 1 2 7 .2 1 3 9 .8 7 4 .7 9 9 .6 9 6 .3 7 5 .3 1 0 0 .5 8 9 .8 1 0 3 .5 9 6 .1 1 0 6 .1 1 2 4 .5 1 3 9 .1 7 3 .5 9 9 .6 9 5 .8 7 8 .2 9 9 .9 9 0 .0 1 0 4 .1 9 6 .8 1 0 6 .4 1 2 5 .4 1 3 8 .9 7 3 .3 9 8 .9 9 5 .3 7 3 .9 1 0 0 .1 8 8 .4 1 0 4 .0 9 7 .4 1 0 5 .9 1 2 4 .8 1 3 8 .1 6 9 .6 9 7 .9 9 3 .4 6 2 .0 9 9 .7 8 7 .8 1 0 2 .0 9 8 .0 1 0 5 .0 1 2 5 .1 1 3 5 .2 7 1 .2 SERVICE-PRODUCING..................................... 1 2 6 .1 1 2 6 .4 1 2 7 .2 1 2 7 .5 1 2 8 .2 1 2 7 .6 1 2 7 .8 1 2 9 .4 1 2 9 .7 1 2 9 .6 1 3 0 .1 1 3 0 .5 1 3 0 .9 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES................................................ 1 0 3 .5 1 0 3 .9 1 0 2 .9 1 0 5 .1 1 0 5 .6 1 0 3 .5 1 0 5 .4 ' -1 0 6 .3 1 0 5 .6 1 0 6 .2 1 0 5 .9 1 0 4 .6 1 0 5 .4 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE .................................................... 1 2 1 .6 1 2 1 .8 1 2 2 .7 1 2 2 .^ 1 2 3 .2 1 2 2 .3 1 2 2 .3 1 2 4 .1 1 2 4 .2 1 2 4 .5 1 2 5 .1 1 2 5 .5 1 2 5 .4 WHOLESALE TRADE ............. .............................. RETAIL TRADE ....................................................... 1 1 7 .5 1 2 3 .1 1 1 7 .8 1 2 3 .3 1 1 8 .7 1 2 4 .2 1 1 8 .8 1 1 8 .9 1 2 3 .7 1 2 4 .8 1 18. 9 1 2 3 .5 1 2 0 .3 1 2 3 .1 1 2 1 .7 1 2 4 .9 1 2 2 .0 1 2 5 .0 1 2 2 .1 1 2 5 .4 1 2 2 .6 1 2 6 .0 1 2 2 .4 1 2 6 .6 1 2 2 .8 1 2 6 .3 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE......................................... 1 3 2 .7 1 3 3 .2 1 3 4 .2 1 3 4 .9 1 3 4 .9 1 3 5 .4 1 3 5 .9 1 3 6 .7 1 3 8 .0 1 3 7 .5 1 3 8 .4 1 3 9 .7 1 3 9 .8 SERVICES ................................................... 1 4 0 .6 1 4 0 .9 1 4 2 .7 1 4 2 .6 1 4 3 .4 1 4 3 .8 1 4 3 .4 1 4 5 .3 1 4 5 .7 1 4 5 .0 1 4 5 .7 1 4 6 .6 1 4 7 .6 DURABLE GOODS ..................................................... Ordnance and accessories ...................................... Lumber and wood products.................................... Furniture and fixtures ........................................... Stone, clay, and glass products.............................. Primary metal industries........... .......................... Fabricated metal products .................................... Machinery, except electrical .................................. Electrical equipment and supplies ........................ Transportation equipment...................................... Instruments and related p ro d u cts............................ 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p=pre*minary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B -6 . Indexes of diffusion: P ercent of industries in w hich em p lo ym en t1 increased Over 12-month span Over 1-month span Over 3-month span Over 6-month span J a n u a r y ....................................................................... F e b r u a r y ........................... M a r c h .... ............................. 1 5 .1 1 5 .7 2 5 .6 1 2 .8 1 2 .8 1 8 .6 1 2 .8 1 1 .9 1 7 .7 A p r i l .............. . .............. • M a y .................................. J u n e ................................. 39.0 5 1 .2 4 0 .7 3 2 .3 4 3 .9 5 2 .3 2 8 .2 4 1 .6 5 6 .7 27.0 40. 7 J u l y ................................. A u g u s t .............................. S e p t e m b e r ....... ............................................... 58. 1 7 3 .0 8 0 .8 5 7 .0 7 6 .2 8 1 .7 6 7 .2 7 0 .1 7 5 .3 5 0 .6 63. 1 7 2 .4 O c t o b e r ....................................................................... N o v e m b e r ........................... D e c e m b e r . . . .......................................................... 6 6 .9 6 2 .2 74. 1 7 4 .1 7 2 .4 7 4 .7 8 2 .3 8 3 .4 8 1 .7 7 7 .3 8 0 .2 8 2 .6 7 8 .5 7 7 .9 7 4 .1 8 2 .0 84.3 8 5 .2 83. 1 8 1 .7 7 9 .9 8 6 .0 8 4 .6 8 1 .1 7 9 .4 6 6 .6 7 7 .9 71.5 61.0 79.4 70.9 68.6 7 4 .4 54.1 J u l y ................................. Au g u s t . . ........................... S e p t e m b e r .......................... 57.3 47.1 69.8 62.5 56.7 57.0 57.3 63.7 74.1 74.7 78.5 O c t o b e r ............................. N o v e m b e r ........................... D e c e m b e r ........................... 42.4 69.5 73.0 62.8 58.7 6 9 .'8 73.5 76.5 79.9 78.5 75.0 74.7 J a n u a r y ................ .............. F e b r u a r y ................. .. ......... M a r c h .............................................................................. 75.0 73.5 82.3 79.7 86.0 85.8 89.0 86.6 8 3.1 75.9 75.6 78.2 A p r i l ................................................................. M a y ................................................................... J u n e ................................................................................. 77.6 68.6 63.7 84.0 73.3 70. 1 80.5 71.5 68.0 78.2 79.1 77.6 J u l y ................................................................................. A u g u s t « ...................................................................... S e p t e m b e r .......................................................... ... 65.7 50.0 61.3 56.1 62.5 57.0 68.3 68.3 72. 1 78.8 78.8 75.6 O c t o b e r ....................................................................... N o v e m b e r .................................................................... D e c e m b e r ........................... 59.9 75.9 73.8 73.3 76.2 77.9 75.0 8 0.5 83.7 77.9 75.6 77.3 J a n u a r y ............................. F e b r u a r y ....... ................. . M a r c h ............................... 66.9 70. 1 74.4 80.5 81.7 77.6 85.2 84.0 77.6 8 0 . 5p 7 9 . 4p A p r i l ............................... M a y ..... ..................................................................... J u n e ................. ............................................................... 68.9 62.8 63.1 74.4 63.1 6 5 . 7p 74 . Ip 6 6 . 3p J u l y ................................. A u g u s t .......................................................................... S e p t e m b e r ........................... 5 9 . 6p 5 6 . 4p 5 9 . 9p Year and month 1975 16.6 1 7 .4 17.7 20.6 1976 J a n u a r y .......................................... ............................ F e b r u a r y ........................... M a r c h ............................................................................. A p r i l ........................... . . . M a y .................................. J u n e ................................. 52.9 79. 7 79.1 1977 1978 O c t o b e r ............................. N o v e m b e r ........................... D e c e m b e r ................. .......... 1 Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries, p = preliminary.
@FedFRASER