Full text of The Employment Situation : April 2021
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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, May 7, 2021 USDL-21-0816 Technical information: Household data: cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2021 Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 266,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was little changed at 6.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains in leisure and hospitality, other services, and local government education were partially offset by employment declines in temporary help services and in couriers and messengers. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, April 2019 – April 2021 Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, April 2019 – April 2021 Percent Thousands 16.0 160,000 14.0 155,000 12.0 150,000 10.0 145,000 8.0 140,000 6.0 135,000 4.0 130,000 2.0 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20 Apr-20 Jul-20 Oct-20 Jan-21 Apr-21 125,000 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20 Apr-20 Jul-20 Oct-20 Jan-21 Apr-21 This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. Household Survey Data Both the unemployment rate, at 6.1 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 9.8 million, were little changed in April. These measures are down considerably from their recent highs in April 2020 but remain well above their levels prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively, in February 2020). (See table A-1. See the box note on page 5 for more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (6.1 percent), adult women (5.6 percent), teenagers (12.3 percent), Whites (5.3 percent), Blacks (9.7 percent), Asians (5.7 percent), and Hispanics (7.9 percent) showed little or no change in April. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff, at 2.1 million, changed little in April. This measure is down considerably from the recent high of 18.0 million in April 2020 but is 1.4 million higher than in February 2020. The number of permanent job losers, at 3.5 million, was also little changed over the month but is 2.2 million higher than in February 2020. (See table A-11.) In April, the number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks increased by 237,000 to 2.4 million, while the number of persons jobless 15 to 26 weeks declined by 188,000 to 1.2 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more), at 4.2 million, was essentially unchanged in April but is 3.1 million higher than in February 2020. These long-term unemployed accounted for 43.0 percent of the total unemployed in April. (See table A-12.) The labor force participation rate was little changed at 61.7 percent in April and is 1.6 percentage points lower than in February 2020. The employment-population ratio was also little changed in April at 57.9 percent but is up by 0.5 percentage point since December 2020. However, this measure is 3.2 percentage points below its February 2020 level. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 583,000 to 5.2 million in April. This decline reflected a drop in the number of people whose hours were cut due to slack work or business conditions. The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons is 845,000 higher than in February 2020. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) In April, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 6.6 million, little changed over the month but up by 1.6 million since February 2020. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) Among those not in the labor force who currently want a job, the number of persons marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.9 million, was essentially unchanged in April but is up by 419,000 since February 2020. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, was little changed at 565,000 in April but is 164,000 higher than in February 2020. (See Summary table A.) Household Survey Supplemental Data In April, 18.3 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down from 21.0 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic. -2- In April, 9.4 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 11.4 million in the previous month. Among those who reported in April that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 9.3 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, little changed from the previous month. Among those not in the labor force in April, 2.8 million persons were prevented from looking for work due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 3.7 million the month before. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 266,000 in April, following increases of 770,000 in March and 536,000 in February. In April, nonfarm employment is down by 8.2 million, or 5.4 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In April, notable job gains in leisure and hospitality, other services, and local government education were partially offset by losses in temporary help services and in couriers and messengers. (See table B-1. See the box note on page 5 for more information about how the establishment survey and its measures were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.) In April, employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 331,000, as pandemic-related restrictions continued to ease in many parts of the country. More than half of the increase was in food services and drinking places (+187,000). Job gains also occurred in amusements, gambling, and recreation (+73,000) and in accommodation (+54,000). Although leisure and hospitality has added 5.4 million jobs over the year, employment in the industry is down by 2.8 million, or 16.8 percent, since February 2020. In April, employment increased by 44,000 in the other services industry, with gains in repair and maintenance (+14,000) and personal and laundry services (+14,000). Employment in other services is 352,000 below its February 2020 level. Employment in local government education increased by 31,000 in April but is 611,000 lower than in February 2020. Federal government employment increased by 9,000 over the month. In April, employment in social assistance rose by 23,000, with about half of the increase in child day care services (+12,000). Employment in social assistance is 286,000 lower than in February 2020. Employment in financial activities rose by 19,000 over the month, with most of the gain occurring in real estate and rental and leasing (+17,000). Employment in financial activities is down by 63,000 since February 2020. Within professional and business services, employment in temporary help services declined by 111,000 in April and is 296,000 lower than in February 2020. Business support services lost jobs in April (-15,000), while architectural and engineering services and scientific research and development services added jobs (+12,000 and +7,000, respectively). -3- Within transportation and warehousing, employment in couriers and messengers fell by 77,000 in April but is up by 126,000 since February 2020. Air transportation added 7,000 jobs over the month. Manufacturing employment edged down in April (-18,000), following gains in the previous 2 months (+54,000 in March and +35,000 in February). In April, job losses in motor vehicles and parts (-27,000) and in wood products (-7,000) more than offset job gains in miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing (+13,000) and chemicals (+4,000). Employment in manufacturing is 515,000 lower than in February 2020. Retail trade employment changed little in April (-15,000), following a gain in the prior month (+33,000). In April, employment declined in food and beverage stores (-49,000), general merchandise stores (-10,000), and gasoline stations (-9,000). These losses were partially offset by employment increases in sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores (+20,000); clothing and clothing accessories stores (+10,000); and health and personal care stores (+9,000). Employment in retail trade overall is 400,000 lower than in February 2020. Employment in health care changed little in April (-4,000), as a job gain in ambulatory health care services (+21,000) was largely offset by a job loss in nursing care facilities (-19,000). Health care employment is down by 542,000 since February 2020. Employment in construction was unchanged over the month. Employment in the industry is up by 917,000 over the year but is 196,000 below its February 2020 level. In April, employment changed little in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, and information. In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 21 cents to $30.17, following a decline of 4 cents in the prior month. In April, average hourly earnings for private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 20 cents to $25.45. The data for April suggest that the rising demand for labor associated with the recovery from the pandemic may have put upward pressure on wages. Since average hourly earnings vary widely across industries, the large employment fluctuations since February 2020 complicate the analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 35.0 hours in April. In manufacturing, the workweek and overtime were both unchanged over the month, at 40.5 hours and 3.2 hours, respectively. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised up by 68,000, from +468,000 to +536,000, and the change for March was revised down by 146,000, from +916,000 to +770,000. With these revisions, employment in February and March combined is 78,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) _____________ The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 4, 2021, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). -4- Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on April 2021 Household and Establishment Survey Data Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey, more data continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the household survey, for the safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews were conducted only when telephone interviews could not be done. As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work. However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early months of the pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent months. Since March 2020, BLS has published an estimate of what the unemployment rate might have been had misclassified workers been included among the unemployed. Repeating this same approach, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in April 2021 would have been 0.3 percentage point higher than reported. However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and probably overstates the size of the misclassification error. More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-april-2021.htm. -5- HOUSEHOLD DATA Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Change from: Mar. 2021Apr. 2021 Apr. 2021 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force.......................................................... . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed.................................................................. . Employment-population ratio......................................... . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,896 156,478 60.2 133,370 51.3 23,109 14.8 103,418 260,918 160,211 61.4 150,239 57.6 9,972 6.2 100,708 261,003 160,558 61.5 150,848 57.8 9,710 6.0 100,445 261,103 160,988 61.7 151,176 57.9 9,812 6.1 100,115 100 430 0.2 328 0.1 102 0.1 -330 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 14.8 13.1 15.5 32.1 14.1 16.7 14.5 18.9 6.2 6.0 5.9 13.9 5.6 9.9 5.1 8.5 6.0 5.8 5.7 13.0 5.4 9.6 6.0 7.9 6.1 6.1 5.6 12.3 5.3 9.7 5.7 7.9 0.1 0.3 -0.1 -0.7 -0.1 0.1 -0.3 0.0 Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 13.1 21.0 17.3 15.0 8.4 5.6 10.1 7.2 5.9 3.8 5.3 8.2 6.7 5.9 3.7 5.3 9.3 6.9 5.8 3.5 0.0 1.1 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 Reason for unemployment Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers..................................................................... . Reentrants...................................................................... . New entrants................................................................... . 20,662 569 1,506 423 6,586 701 2,124 582 6,226 777 2,253 497 6,387 824 2,072 625 161 47 -181 128 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 weeks and over............................................................ . 14,282 6,992 763 1,004 2,185 2,254 1,407 4,148 2,177 1,941 1,391 4,218 2,414 1,939 1,203 4,183 237 -2 -188 -35 Employed persons at work part time Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 10,899 9,980 708 12,365 6,088 4,723 1,166 18,369 5,826 4,629 984 19,102 5,243 3,997 974 19,057 -583 -632 -10 -45 Persons not in the labor force Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers....................................................... . 2,300 576 1,890 522 1,853 523 1,856 565 3 42 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted Category EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -20,679 -19,731 -2,378 -52 -1,022 -1,304 -899 -352.6 -405 -17,353 -390.6 -2,248.3 -573.6 -3.5 -265 -254 -2,236 -947.7 -2,625 -2,181.9 -7,442 -1,315 -948 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -7,358 -7,037 WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2 Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)5 Total private (257 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing (75 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Apr. 2020 49.2 47.6 80.3 34.2 $30.07 $1,028.39 93.0 -15.1 133.7 -11.2 4.5 3.3 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p 536 622 -20 2 -57 35 27 -0.1 8 642 7.7 14.4 36.4 -0.2 6 -7 93 47.6 57 52.6 413 22 -86 770 708 166 15 97 54 31 1.2 23 542 20.6 32.8 44.8 0.8 8 19 67 -7.9 104 50.7 206 39 62 154 157 513 484 49.8 48.4 81.5 34.6 $30.00 $1,038.00 105.8 -0.7 151.7 -0.4 61.7 60.0 49.7 48.4 81.4 34.9 $29.96 $1,045.60 107.3 1.4 153.7 1.3 74.7 77.3 Apr. 2021p 266 218 -16 2 0 -18 -20 -27.0 2 234 7.8 -15.3 -74.1 0.4 1 19 -79 -111.4 -1 18.5 331 44 48 524 516 49.7 48.4 81.2 35.0 $30.17 $1,055.95 107.8 0.5 155.5 1.2 60.1 55.3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. 4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. 5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. • The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. • The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. • The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Reliability of the estimates Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259,896 155,830 60.0 133,326 51.3 22,504 14.4 104,066 9,761 261,003 160,397 61.5 150,493 57.7 9,905 6.2 100,606 6,576 261,103 160,379 61.4 151,160 57.9 9,220 5.7 100,723 6,466 259,896 156,478 60.2 133,370 51.3 23,109 14.8 103,418 9,917 261,230 160,567 61.5 149,830 57.4 10,736 6.7 100,663 7,331 260,851 160,161 61.4 150,031 57.5 10,130 6.3 100,690 6,957 260,918 160,211 61.4 150,239 57.6 9,972 6.2 100,708 6,933 261,003 160,558 61.5 150,848 57.8 9,710 6.0 100,445 6,850 261,103 160,988 61.7 151,176 57.9 9,812 6.1 100,115 6,647 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,707 82,820 65.9 71,810 57.1 11,010 13.3 42,887 126,266 84,728 67.1 79,188 62.7 5,540 6.5 41,538 126,316 85,112 67.4 79,965 63.3 5,146 6.0 41,204 125,707 83,166 66.2 71,892 57.2 11,274 13.6 42,541 126,367 85,175 67.4 79,481 62.9 5,694 6.7 41,192 126,192 85,149 67.5 79,714 63.2 5,434 6.4 41,043 126,224 85,061 67.4 79,666 63.1 5,395 6.3 41,163 126,266 84,917 67.3 79,681 63.1 5,236 6.2 41,349 126,316 85,410 67.6 80,017 63.3 5,394 6.3 40,905 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117,330 80,379 68.5 70,041 59.7 10,338 12.9 36,951 117,949 81,992 69.5 76,872 65.2 5,120 6.2 35,957 118,003 82,275 69.7 77,447 65.6 4,828 5.9 35,728 117,330 80,490 68.6 69,975 59.6 10,515 13.1 36,841 118,010 82,244 69.7 77,004 65.3 5,240 6.4 35,767 117,864 82,173 69.7 77,204 65.5 4,969 6.0 35,691 117,902 82,095 69.6 77,193 65.5 4,902 6.0 35,807 117,949 81,978 69.5 77,194 65.4 4,784 5.8 35,972 118,003 82,333 69.8 77,348 65.5 4,985 6.1 35,670 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,189 73,010 54.4 61,516 45.8 11,494 15.7 61,179 134,737 75,670 56.2 71,305 52.9 4,365 5.8 59,067 134,787 75,268 55.8 71,195 52.8 4,073 5.4 59,519 134,189 73,312 54.6 61,478 45.8 11,834 16.1 60,877 134,862 75,392 55.9 70,350 52.2 5,042 6.7 59,471 134,660 75,012 55.7 70,316 52.2 4,696 6.3 59,648 134,694 75,149 55.8 70,572 52.4 4,577 6.1 59,545 134,737 75,641 56.1 71,167 52.8 4,474 5.9 59,096 134,787 75,577 56.1 71,159 52.8 4,418 5.8 59,210 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,991 70,790 56.2 60,124 47.7 10,666 15.1 55,202 126,594 72,818 57.5 68,730 54.3 4,088 5.6 53,775 126,648 72,378 57.1 68,605 54.2 3,773 5.2 54,271 125,991 70,896 56.3 59,938 47.6 10,958 15.5 55,096 126,681 72,422 57.2 67,872 53.6 4,551 6.3 54,259 126,507 72,147 57.0 67,851 53.6 4,296 6.0 54,360 126,546 72,173 57.0 67,928 53.7 4,245 5.9 54,373 126,594 72,668 57.4 68,513 54.1 4,155 5.7 53,926 126,648 72,503 57.2 68,430 54.0 4,073 5.6 54,145 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,574 4,661 28.1 3,161 19.1 1,500 32.2 11,913 16,460 5,587 33.9 4,890 29.7 697 12.5 10,873 16,451 5,727 34.8 5,108 31.1 618 10.8 10,725 16,574 5,093 30.7 3,457 20.9 1,636 32.1 11,481 16,538 5,900 35.7 4,955 30.0 946 16.0 10,638 16,481 5,841 35.4 4,975 30.2 865 14.8 10,640 16,470 5,942 36.1 5,118 31.1 825 13.9 10,528 16,460 5,913 35.9 5,142 31.2 771 13.0 10,547 16,451 6,152 37.4 5,398 32.8 754 12.3 10,300 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 201,082 120,795 60.1 104,083 51.8 16,713 13.8 80,287 201,642 123,768 61.4 116,981 58.0 6,787 5.5 77,874 201,687 123,638 61.3 117,458 58.2 6,180 5.0 78,049 201,082 121,158 60.3 104,028 51.7 17,129 14.1 79,924 201,749 124,208 61.6 116,703 57.8 7,505 6.0 77,541 201,588 123,727 61.4 116,699 57.9 7,027 5.7 77,862 201,606 123,737 61.4 116,859 58.0 6,878 5.6 77,869 201,642 123,819 61.4 117,166 58.1 6,653 5.4 77,823 201,687 123,964 61.5 117,358 58.2 6,606 5.3 77,723 63,595 69.0 55,863 60.6 7,732 12.2 64,348 69.6 60,753 65.7 3,596 5.6 64,600 69.8 61,269 66.2 3,331 5.2 63,608 69.0 55,757 60.5 7,850 12.3 64,593 69.8 60,872 65.8 3,721 5.8 64,550 69.8 60,988 66.0 3,561 5.5 64,434 69.7 60,989 66.0 3,446 5.3 64,289 69.5 60,935 65.9 3,353 5.2 64,593 69.8 61,155 66.1 3,439 5.3 53,581 55.4 45,735 47.3 7,846 14.6 55,040 56.7 52,340 53.9 2,699 4.9 54,576 56.2 52,147 53.7 2,429 4.5 53,594 55.4 45,555 47.1 8,039 15.0 54,980 56.6 51,871 53.4 3,109 5.7 54,529 56.2 51,739 53.3 2,790 5.1 54,599 56.3 51,782 53.4 2,817 5.2 54,911 56.6 52,155 53.7 2,756 5.0 54,603 56.2 51,965 53.5 2,638 4.8 3,620 29.8 2,485 20.4 1,135 31.3 4,380 36.3 3,888 32.2 492 11.2 4,462 37.0 4,043 33.5 420 9.4 3,956 32.5 2,716 22.3 1,240 31.3 4,635 38.2 3,960 32.7 675 14.6 4,648 38.4 3,972 32.8 676 14.5 4,704 38.9 4,088 33.8 616 13.1 4,619 38.2 4,076 33.7 543 11.8 4,768 39.5 4,238 35.1 530 11.1 33,267 19,425 58.4 16,248 48.8 3,177 16.4 13,841 33,530 20,283 60.5 18,281 54.5 2,002 9.9 13,247 33,551 20,488 61.1 18,555 55.3 1,932 9.4 13,064 33,267 19,507 58.6 16,247 48.8 3,260 16.7 13,760 33,516 20,055 59.8 18,061 53.9 1,994 9.9 13,461 33,493 20,189 60.3 18,323 54.7 1,866 9.2 13,305 33,511 20,154 60.1 18,159 54.2 1,995 9.9 13,357 33,530 20,362 60.7 18,412 54.9 1,951 9.6 13,168 33,551 20,544 61.2 18,546 55.3 1,998 9.7 13,007 8,856 63.2 7,431 53.0 1,425 16.1 9,394 66.3 8,406 59.4 988 10.5 9,450 66.7 8,478 59.8 973 10.3 8,882 63.4 7,457 53.2 1,425 16.0 9,222 65.2 8,265 58.4 956 10.4 9,348 66.1 8,468 59.9 880 9.4 9,340 66.0 8,383 59.2 957 10.2 9,430 66.6 8,501 60.0 928 9.8 9,465 66.8 8,498 59.9 967 10.2 9,997 59.4 8,413 50.0 1,584 15.8 10,197 60.1 9,296 54.8 902 8.8 10,315 60.7 9,487 55.9 828 8.0 10,014 59.5 8,361 49.7 1,653 16.5 10,088 59.5 9,238 54.5 849 8.4 10,138 59.8 9,274 54.7 864 8.5 10,127 59.7 9,225 54.4 902 8.9 10,181 60.0 9,294 54.8 887 8.7 10,315 60.7 9,429 55.5 887 8.6 573 23.6 405 16.7 168 29.4 691 28.9 579 24.2 112 16.2 723 30.2 591 24.7 132 18.2 610 25.2 428 17.7 182 29.9 746 31.0 558 23.2 188 25.2 703 29.3 581 24.2 122 17.3 687 28.7 551 23.0 136 19.8 752 31.4 616 25.7 136 18.1 764 32.0 620 25.9 144 18.9 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 2020 16,363 9,893 60.5 8,476 51.8 1,418 14.3 6,470 Mar. 2021 16,532 10,433 63.1 9,817 59.4 616 5.9 6,099 Apr. 2021 16,532 10,294 62.3 9,722 58.8 571 5.6 6,238 Apr. 2020 16,363 9,967 60.9 8,526 52.1 1,441 14.5 6,396 Dec. 2020 16,583 10,253 61.8 9,645 58.2 608 5.9 6,329 Jan. 2021 16,423 10,317 62.8 9,631 58.6 686 6.6 6,106 Feb. 2021 16,588 10,315 62.2 9,792 59.0 523 5.1 6,273 Mar. 2021 16,532 10,422 63.0 9,799 59.3 623 6.0 6,110 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Apr. 2021 16,532 10,375 62.8 9,786 59.2 589 5.7 6,157 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 43,975 27,752 63.1 22,625 51.5 5,126 18.5 16,223 44,651 29,232 65.5 26,848 60.1 2,384 8.2 15,418 44,719 29,110 65.1 26,922 60.2 2,189 7.5 15,609 43,975 27,842 63.3 22,583 51.4 5,259 18.9 16,133 44,639 29,150 65.3 26,436 59.2 2,714 9.3 15,489 44,521 28,920 65.0 26,437 59.4 2,482 8.6 15,601 44,587 29,174 65.4 26,701 59.9 2,473 8.5 15,413 44,651 29,273 65.6 26,975 60.4 2,298 7.9 15,378 44,719 29,199 65.3 26,889 60.1 2,310 7.9 15,520 15,319 77.2 12,817 64.6 2,502 16.3 16,033 79.5 14,733 73.0 1,300 8.1 16,094 79.6 14,928 73.9 1,166 7.2 15,322 77.2 12,769 64.3 2,553 16.7 15,856 78.6 14,462 71.7 1,395 8.8 15,789 78.5 14,578 72.5 1,211 7.7 15,952 79.2 14,727 73.1 1,224 7.7 16,007 79.3 14,804 73.4 1,203 7.5 16,086 79.6 14,882 73.6 1,204 7.5 11,341 56.4 9,090 45.2 2,251 19.8 11,869 58.1 10,983 53.7 886 7.5 11,768 57.5 10,923 53.3 845 7.2 11,363 56.5 9,077 45.1 2,286 20.1 11,906 58.3 10,820 52.9 1,086 9.1 11,779 57.8 10,743 52.7 1,036 8.8 11,794 57.8 10,792 52.9 1,002 8.5 11,909 58.3 11,035 54.0 874 7.3 11,790 57.6 10,909 53.3 881 7.5 1,092 27.3 719 18.0 373 34.2 1,331 33.0 1,133 28.1 198 14.9 1,249 31.0 1,071 26.5 178 14.3 1,157 28.9 737 18.4 419 36.3 1,388 34.3 1,155 28.6 234 16.8 1,352 33.6 1,116 27.7 236 17.4 1,428 35.4 1,182 29.3 247 17.3 1,356 33.6 1,135 28.2 221 16.3 1,323 32.8 1,098 27.2 225 17.0 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,688 43.3 6,872 34.2 1,816 20.9 8,835 43.9 7,997 39.8 838 9.5 9,039 44.3 8,205 40.2 835 9.2 8,675 43.2 6,855 34.1 1,820 21.0 9,147 45.0 8,254 40.7 893 9.8 9,169 44.9 8,337 40.8 832 9.1 8,942 45.9 8,035 41.2 907 10.1 8,936 44.4 8,204 40.8 731 8.2 9,020 44.2 8,185 40.1 835 9.3 High school graduates, no college1 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,203 54.5 27,557 45.2 5,646 17.0 34,351 54.9 31,902 51.0 2,449 7.1 34,768 55.4 32,451 51.7 2,317 6.7 33,097 54.3 27,371 44.9 5,726 17.3 34,925 55.5 32,198 51.1 2,726 7.8 34,506 55.2 32,051 51.3 2,455 7.1 34,462 54.7 31,977 50.8 2,485 7.2 34,278 54.8 31,984 51.1 2,295 6.7 34,704 55.3 32,307 51.5 2,397 6.9 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,935 62.6 30,634 53.4 5,301 14.8 35,782 63.3 33,608 59.5 2,174 6.1 35,627 63.2 33,622 59.7 2,005 5.6 35,782 62.3 30,421 53.0 5,361 15.0 35,676 62.5 33,430 58.6 2,246 6.3 35,440 62.3 33,257 58.4 2,183 6.2 35,450 62.7 33,360 59.0 2,089 5.9 35,771 63.3 33,677 59.6 2,094 5.9 35,485 63.0 33,422 59.3 2,063 5.8 Bachelor’s degree and higher2 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60,075 71.5 55,151 65.7 4,924 8.2 61,316 72.6 59,086 69.9 2,230 3.6 60,786 72.1 58,757 69.7 2,030 3.3 60,126 71.6 55,087 65.6 5,040 8.4 59,940 71.9 57,665 69.1 2,274 3.8 60,391 72.2 57,969 69.3 2,422 4.0 60,744 71.8 58,417 69.1 2,327 3.8 60,835 72.0 58,612 69.4 2,224 3.7 60,804 72.2 58,662 69.6 2,142 3.5 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Apr. 2020 Men Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Women Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,544 8,944 48.2 7,894 42.6 1,050 11.7 9,600 18,879 9,186 48.7 8,706 46.1 480 5.2 9,693 16,644 7,854 47.2 6,956 41.8 898 11.4 8,790 16,870 8,024 47.6 7,594 45.0 430 5.4 8,846 1,900 1,090 57.4 938 49.4 152 14.0 810 2,009 1,162 57.8 1,111 55.3 51 4.4 847 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,453 3,478 78.1 3,025 67.9 453 13.0 975 4,634 3,733 80.5 3,544 76.5 189 5.1 902 3,710 2,949 79.5 2,601 70.1 347 11.8 761 3,824 3,194 83.5 3,036 79.4 158 5.0 630 743 530 71.3 424 57.0 106 20.0 213 810 538 66.4 508 62.7 31 5.7 272 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,076 2,260 73.5 2,100 68.3 160 7.1 816 3,313 2,450 74.0 2,323 70.1 127 5.2 863 2,563 1,946 75.9 1,817 70.9 129 6.6 617 2,793 2,087 74.7 1,970 70.5 117 5.6 706 513 315 61.3 283 55.1 32 10.1 198 520 363 69.9 353 68.0 10 2.6 157 World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,907 1,294 18.7 1,073 15.5 221 17.0 5,613 6,771 1,148 17.0 1,102 16.3 47 4.1 5,623 6,666 1,262 18.9 1,043 15.6 220 17.4 5,404 6,509 1,118 17.2 1,071 16.5 47 4.2 5,391 241 31 13.0 31 12.7 1 – 210 262 31 11.7 31 11.7 0 – 231 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,108 1,912 46.5 1,696 41.3 216 11.3 2,196 4,161 1,855 44.6 1,736 41.7 118 6.4 2,306 3,705 1,698 45.8 1,495 40.4 203 11.9 2,007 3,744 1,625 43.4 1,517 40.5 108 6.6 2,119 403 214 53.1 201 49.9 13 6.2 189 417 230 55.1 219 52.6 11 4.6 187 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232,724 145,311 62.4 124,330 53.4 20,980 14.4 87,414 233,521 149,093 63.8 140,575 60.2 8,518 5.7 84,428 104,740 74,246 70.9 64,288 61.4 9,958 13.4 30,494 105,022 76,069 72.4 71,452 68.0 4,617 6.1 28,953 127,985 71,065 55.5 60,042 46.9 11,023 15.5 56,920 128,499 73,024 56.8 69,124 53.8 3,901 5.3 55,475 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Persons with a disability Employment status, sex, and age Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 Persons with no disability Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 29,846 5,923 19.8 4,805 16.1 1,117 18.9 23,923 30,360 6,176 20.3 5,585 18.4 592 9.6 24,183 230,051 149,907 65.2 128,520 55.9 21,387 14.3 80,143 230,743 154,203 66.8 145,575 63.1 8,628 5.6 76,540 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,611 35.4 2,096 28.4 515 19.7 4,764 2,609 34.7 2,302 30.7 306 11.7 4,901 74,556 79.3 64,877 69.0 9,680 13.0 19,431 76,676 81.8 72,099 77.0 4,578 6.0 17,010 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,157 30.0 1,731 24.1 426 19.7 5,035 2,543 32.6 2,314 29.7 229 9.0 5,251 66,201 68.2 55,927 57.6 10,275 15.5 30,938 68,049 70.7 64,436 66.9 3,612 5.3 28,268 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 1,154 7.6 978 6.4 177 15.3 14,124 1,025 6.8 968 6.4 56 5.5 14,031 9,150 23.5 7,717 19.8 1,432 15.7 29,774 9,478 23.3 9,040 22.2 438 4.6 31,262 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status and nativity Apr. 2020 Men Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Women Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 42,504 26,285 61.8 21,961 51.7 4,324 16.5 16,219 43,046 27,644 64.2 25,886 60.1 1,758 6.4 15,402 20,489 15,238 74.4 12,908 63.0 2,330 15.3 5,251 20,660 15,693 76.0 14,751 71.4 942 6.0 4,966 22,015 11,047 50.2 9,053 41.1 1,994 18.1 10,968 22,386 11,951 53.4 11,135 49.7 816 6.8 10,436 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 217,392 129,545 59.6 111,365 51.2 18,180 14.0 87,847 218,057 132,735 60.9 125,274 57.5 7,462 5.6 85,321 105,218 67,582 64.2 58,902 56.0 8,680 12.8 37,636 105,656 69,418 65.7 65,214 61.7 4,204 6.1 36,238 112,174 61,963 55.2 52,463 46.8 9,500 15.3 50,211 112,401 63,317 56.3 60,059 53.4 3,258 5.1 49,084 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Category CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government.................................... . Private industries.............................. . Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other industries............................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2 All industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 2,303 1,585 693 25 131,023 123,485 19,543 103,942 492 103,450 7,514 23 2,109 1,429 623 57 148,384 139,161 20,958 118,203 650 117,553 9,143 80 2,196 1,466 674 56 148,964 139,929 20,640 119,289 602 118,686 8,960 75 2,379 1,644 698 – 130,982 123,374 19,268 104,081 – 103,600 7,523 – 2,461 1,569 823 – 147,351 138,971 20,709 118,123 – 117,472 8,638 – 2,466 1,552 827 – 147,535 138,941 20,689 118,102 – 117,532 8,721 – 2,308 1,519 712 – 147,895 139,243 20,829 118,151 – 117,451 8,787 – 2,228 1,518 635 – 148,598 139,382 20,644 118,616 – 117,896 9,241 – 2,292 1,527 688 – 148,942 139,825 20,410 119,548 – 118,995 8,962 – 10,684 9,843 728 13,149 5,913 4,660 1,061 19,523 5,031 3,866 984 19,836 10,899 9,980 708 12,365 6,170 4,891 1,045 18,237 5,954 4,756 986 18,519 6,088 4,723 1,166 18,369 5,826 4,629 984 19,102 5,243 3,997 974 19,057 10,524 9,694 723 12,779 5,859 4,622 1,060 19,151 4,968 3,812 979 19,501 10,739 9,836 705 11,986 6,082 4,819 1,037 17,846 5,824 4,691 986 18,112 5,986 4,661 1,154 17,998 5,804 4,592 982 18,726 5,178 3,949 970 18,713 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. 3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. 4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Characteristic Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133,326 3,161 1,101 2,060 130,165 9,951 120,214 87,910 30,456 29,658 27,796 32,304 150,493 4,890 1,742 3,149 145,603 13,009 132,593 96,911 34,125 32,356 30,431 35,682 151,160 5,108 1,879 3,229 146,051 13,018 133,034 97,234 34,377 32,491 30,366 35,800 133,370 3,457 1,297 2,171 129,913 10,045 119,745 87,662 30,421 29,595 27,646 32,083 149,830 4,955 1,785 3,192 144,876 13,167 131,637 96,225 33,913 32,011 30,300 35,412 150,031 4,975 1,784 3,222 145,055 13,216 131,689 96,307 33,884 32,162 30,261 35,382 150,239 5,118 1,868 3,245 145,121 13,216 131,789 96,461 33,988 32,146 30,327 35,328 150,848 5,142 1,923 3,256 145,706 13,150 132,492 96,856 34,099 32,406 30,351 35,636 151,176 5,398 2,057 3,337 145,778 13,118 132,540 96,952 34,319 32,407 30,226 35,588 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,810 1,769 566 1,203 70,041 5,183 64,858 47,282 16,390 16,090 14,803 17,575 79,188 2,316 774 1,542 76,872 6,594 70,278 51,374 18,188 17,393 15,793 18,904 79,965 2,518 919 1,599 77,447 6,712 70,735 51,680 18,328 17,532 15,820 19,055 71,892 1,917 633 1,290 69,975 5,246 64,695 47,234 16,411 16,049 14,774 17,462 79,481 2,477 881 1,603 77,004 6,672 70,220 51,246 18,172 17,201 15,873 18,974 79,714 2,510 892 1,634 77,204 6,810 70,317 51,368 18,133 17,358 15,876 18,950 79,666 2,474 938 1,550 77,193 6,763 70,329 51,436 18,145 17,390 15,901 18,892 79,681 2,488 879 1,632 77,194 6,711 70,499 51,542 18,229 17,468 15,845 18,957 80,017 2,669 970 1,680 77,348 6,770 70,562 51,616 18,339 17,477 15,801 18,946 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61,516 1,392 536 856 60,124 4,768 55,356 40,627 14,066 13,568 12,993 14,729 71,305 2,574 968 1,607 68,730 6,415 62,315 45,537 15,936 14,963 14,638 16,778 71,195 2,590 960 1,630 68,605 6,305 62,299 45,554 16,049 14,959 14,546 16,745 61,478 1,540 663 881 59,938 4,799 55,050 40,428 14,010 13,547 12,872 14,622 70,350 2,478 904 1,589 67,872 6,495 61,417 44,979 15,741 14,810 14,428 16,438 70,316 2,465 892 1,588 67,851 6,406 61,371 44,939 15,751 14,804 14,384 16,432 70,572 2,644 930 1,695 67,928 6,453 61,460 45,024 15,843 14,756 14,426 16,436 71,167 2,654 1,044 1,624 68,513 6,440 61,993 45,314 15,870 14,938 14,506 16,679 71,159 2,729 1,087 1,656 68,430 6,348 61,978 45,336 15,980 14,930 14,425 16,642 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,843 32,034 7,908 43,681 35,255 9,402 43,977 35,192 9,420 41,677 31,859 – 43,720 34,817 – 43,819 34,668 – 44,033 34,803 – 43,695 34,910 – 43,805 35,013 – FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,656 19,670 124,840 25,653 125,635 25,524 114,325 19,117 124,689 24,917 124,990 24,627 124,868 25,109 125,803 25,078 126,161 25,024 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,360 4.0 7,004 4.7 6,883 4.6 5,411 4.1 6,460 4.3 6,623 4.4 6,678 4.4 6,817 4.5 6,916 4.6 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,410 8,207 6,024 9,766 6,196 9,634 – 8,221 – 9,461 – 9,548 – 9,498 – 9,876 – 9,651 1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. 2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,109 1,636 504 1,127 21,473 3,452 17,979 12,921 5,186 3,845 3,890 5,056 9,710 771 278 500 8,939 1,502 7,349 5,639 2,454 1,752 1,433 1,692 9,812 754 261 497 9,058 1,535 7,477 5,600 2,365 1,673 1,561 1,878 14.8 32.1 28.0 34.2 14.2 25.6 13.1 12.8 14.6 11.5 12.3 13.6 6.7 16.0 14.5 17.0 6.3 11.2 5.8 5.8 6.6 5.5 5.3 6.0 6.3 14.8 15.9 14.2 6.0 9.7 5.7 5.8 6.8 5.7 4.9 5.3 6.2 13.9 14.8 13.7 5.9 9.6 5.6 5.7 6.4 5.7 4.9 5.3 6.0 13.0 12.6 13.3 5.8 10.3 5.3 5.5 6.7 5.1 4.5 4.5 6.1 12.3 11.3 13.0 5.8 10.5 5.3 5.5 6.4 4.9 4.9 5.0 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,274 759 173 572 10,515 1,592 8,882 6,471 2,709 1,868 1,894 2,411 5,236 452 143 314 4,784 823 3,889 2,986 1,299 939 749 903 5,394 409 126 275 4,985 883 4,073 3,031 1,313 843 875 1,043 13.6 28.4 21.4 30.7 13.1 23.3 12.1 12.0 14.2 10.4 11.4 12.1 6.7 15.5 15.3 15.8 6.4 12.1 5.8 5.8 6.6 5.7 5.0 5.9 6.4 15.7 15.0 16.0 6.0 10.0 5.8 5.9 7.0 5.8 4.7 5.4 6.3 16.6 15.7 17.6 6.0 10.1 5.6 5.6 6.6 5.6 4.6 5.6 6.2 15.4 14.0 16.1 5.8 10.9 5.2 5.5 6.7 5.1 4.5 4.5 6.3 13.3 11.5 14.1 6.1 11.5 5.5 5.5 6.7 4.6 5.2 5.2 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,834 877 331 555 10,958 1,860 9,098 6,450 2,477 1,978 1,996 2,660 4,474 319 135 185 4,155 680 3,460 2,653 1,155 813 685 811 4,418 345 136 221 4,073 652 3,404 2,569 1,052 830 687 848 16.1 36.3 33.3 38.7 15.5 27.9 14.2 13.8 15.0 12.7 13.4 15.4 6.7 16.5 13.7 18.2 6.3 10.1 5.9 5.8 6.6 5.2 5.7 6.1 6.3 14.0 16.8 12.3 6.0 9.5 5.6 5.8 6.6 5.6 5.1 5.1 6.1 11.2 13.9 9.7 5.9 9.1 5.5 5.7 6.2 5.7 5.3 5.1 5.9 10.7 11.5 10.3 5.7 9.5 5.3 5.5 6.8 5.2 4.5 4.6 5.8 11.2 11.1 11.8 5.6 9.3 5.2 5.4 6.2 5.3 4.5 4.9 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,430 4,795 1,495 1,464 1,383 822 1,738 1,392 746 9.6 13.1 15.9 4.0 4.7 7.2 3.9 4.4 8.3 3.8 4.3 7.7 3.2 3.8 8.0 3.8 3.8 7.3 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,813 6,191 8,156 1,544 8,221 1,515 12.8 24.5 6.7 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.7 1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. 2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Reason Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 20,384 17,878 2,506 1,951 555 520 1,329 271 6,448 2,202 4,246 3,462 784 754 2,295 407 6,092 1,944 4,148 3,438 710 775 1,896 457 20,662 18,047 2,615 2,029 586 569 1,506 423 7,210 3,039 4,171 3,370 802 743 2,250 509 6,997 2,746 4,251 3,503 749 653 1,963 542 6,586 2,229 4,357 3,497 860 701 2,124 582 6,226 2,026 4,200 3,432 768 777 2,253 497 6,387 2,114 4,273 3,529 744 824 2,072 625 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 90.6 79.4 11.1 2.3 5.9 1.2 65.1 22.2 42.9 7.6 23.2 4.1 66.1 21.1 45.0 8.4 20.6 5.0 89.2 77.9 11.3 2.5 6.5 1.8 67.3 28.4 38.9 6.9 21.0 4.7 68.9 27.0 41.9 6.4 19.3 5.3 65.9 22.3 43.6 7.0 21.3 5.8 63.8 20.8 43.1 8.0 23.1 5.1 64.5 21.3 43.1 8.3 20.9 6.3 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 13.1 0.3 0.9 0.2 4.0 0.5 1.4 0.3 3.8 0.5 1.2 0.3 13.2 0.4 1.0 0.3 4.5 0.5 1.4 0.3 4.4 0.4 1.2 0.3 4.1 0.4 1.3 0.4 3.9 0.5 1.4 0.3 4.0 0.5 1.3 0.4 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Duration Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,880 6,728 1,897 968 929 1,876 2,142 5,886 1,610 4,276 2,028 1,665 5,527 1,426 4,101 14,282 6,992 1,767 763 1,004 2,904 2,222 5,529 1,572 3,956 2,278 2,528 5,369 1,346 4,023 2,185 2,254 5,555 1,407 4,148 2,177 1,941 5,609 1,391 4,218 2,414 1,939 5,386 1,203 4,183 Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 4.0 30.6 21.6 30.4 22.2 6.1 1.9 23.4 16.8 26.0 15.3 27.6 18.3 29.7 19.7 28.8 19.8 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 29.9 8.4 4.3 4.1 18.9 21.6 59.4 16.3 43.2 22.0 18.1 59.9 15.5 44.5 62.0 30.3 7.7 3.3 4.4 27.3 20.9 51.9 14.8 37.1 22.4 24.8 52.8 13.2 39.5 21.9 22.6 55.6 14.1 41.5 22.4 20.0 57.7 14.3 43.4 24.8 19.9 55.3 12.4 43.0 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employed Occupation Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Management, business, and financial operations occupations.................................................... . Professional and related occupations......................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations....................................................... . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations....................................................... . Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unemployed Unemployment rates Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 133,326 61,221 151,160 64,264 22,504 5,079 9,220 2,014 14.4 7.7 5.7 3.0 26,455 34,766 18,034 26,511 12,223 14,288 27,626 36,638 24,203 29,993 14,056 15,936 1,742 3,337 6,723 4,599 2,519 2,080 896 1,118 2,098 1,777 943 834 6.2 8.8 27.2 14.8 17.1 12.7 3.1 3.0 8.0 5.6 6.3 5.0 11,828 1,080 6,549 4,199 13,969 1,090 7,933 4,946 2,301 153 1,529 619 1,207 128 858 222 16.3 12.4 18.9 12.8 8.0 10.5 9.8 4.3 15,732 6,358 9,375 18,731 7,691 11,040 3,502 1,457 2,045 1,646 578 1,068 18.2 18.6 17.9 8.1 7.0 8.8 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Industry and class of worker Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government workers.................................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 22,504 19,166 77 1,531 1,992 1,416 576 3,223 988 279 545 1,697 2,555 4,857 1,421 163 2,018 886 9,220 7,550 97 768 861 505 357 1,222 530 154 269 1,036 846 1,372 395 139 492 582 14.4 15.6 10.2 16.6 13.2 15.1 10.2 17.1 13.6 11.0 5.4 9.8 10.9 39.3 23.0 9.6 9.3 9.7 5.7 6.0 14.3 7.7 5.8 5.5 6.3 6.2 6.8 5.9 2.7 5.9 3.4 10.8 6.2 8.9 2.3 5.6 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Not seasonally adjusted Measure U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.................................... . Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Dec. 2020 Jan. 2021 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021 1.2 3.7 3.4 1.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 13.1 4.0 3.8 13.2 4.5 4.4 4.1 3.9 4.0 14.4 6.2 5.7 14.8 6.7 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.1 14.8 6.5 6.1 15.1 7.1 6.7 6.5 6.4 6.4 15.6 7.2 6.8 16.0 7.9 7.4 7.3 7.1 7.2 22.4 10.9 9.9 22.9 11.7 11.1 11.1 10.7 10.4 NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Category Apr. 2020 Men Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Women Apr. 2021 Apr. 2020 Apr. 2021 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers2........................................ . Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 104,066 9,761 2,211 585 1,626 100,723 6,466 1,763 573 1,190 42,887 4,792 1,170 309 860 41,204 3,149 1,006 329 677 61,179 4,969 1,041 275 766 59,519 3,317 757 244 513 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . Percent of total employed......................................... . Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,360 4.0 3,202 1,170 275 671 6,883 4.6 3,915 1,524 401 1,004 2,641 3.7 1,709 387 145 381 3,403 4.3 2,038 507 251 587 2,719 4.4 1,493 783 130 290 3,479 4.9 1,877 1,016 150 417 1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. 2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p 130,251 108,032 18,436 142,133 120,369 19,803 143,309 121,415 20,084 144,398 122,407 20,232 130,161 108,335 18,571 143,272 121,791 20,201 144,042 122,499 20,367 144,308 122,717 20,351 Change from: Mar.2021 Apr.2021p 266 218 -16 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615 41.8 573.1 132.5 172.7 37.6 42.0 589 46.2 542.5 130.7 174.5 43.2 41.6 609 44.3 564.8 133.6 177.8 43.4 41.7 611 41.5 569.8 134.3 180.9 42.3 41.7 622 44.7 576.8 135.3 174.5 38.0 41.9 598 46.1 551.6 133.3 178.9 42.8 41.7 613 45.1 567.8 135.7 179.7 43.3 41.6 615 44.5 570.9 137.2 182.6 42.5 41.5 2 -0.6 3.1 1.5 2.9 -0.8 -0.1 93.1 267.9 89.7 237.3 92.7 253.4 96.9 254.6 94.6 267.0 94.4 239.4 94.8 252.4 98.6 251.1 3.8 -1.3 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 6,452 1,434.3 699.0 735.3 990.2 4,027.3 1,781.8 2,245.5 7,008 1,620.9 837.9 783.0 934.5 4,452.4 2,051.5 2,400.9 7,204 1,653.7 854.9 798.8 983.9 4,566.0 2,097.4 2,468.6 7,375 1,668.6 859.5 809.1 1,053.8 4,652.2 2,141.8 2,510.4 6,535 1,456.2 709.2 747.0 1,002.5 4,076.5 1,803.1 2,273.4 7,355 1,669.8 860.6 809.2 1,036.8 4,648.1 2,135.2 2,512.9 7,452 1,685.2 870.5 814.7 1,059.8 4,706.8 2,154.0 2,552.8 7,452 1,686.5 869.2 817.3 1,066.1 4,699.4 2,158.4 2,541.0 0 1.3 -1.3 2.6 6.3 -7.4 4.4 -11.8 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semiconductors and electronic components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,369 12,206 12,271 12,246 11,414 12,248 12,302 12,284 -18 7,049 373.5 369.3 348.4 1,344.8 1,017.1 1,064.1 162.2 85.8 7,590 400.7 379.5 346.4 1,384.1 1,057.5 1,077.4 163.2 85.7 7,633 402.6 389.3 349.6 1,398.1 1,061.7 1,080.5 163.4 86.3 7,613 397.6 395.8 349.5 1,396.7 1,063.5 1,080.5 164.4 85.3 7,062 374.2 369.7 349.0 1,345.2 1,018.8 1,066.7 162.4 85.7 7,608 403.0 393.1 346.0 1,386.4 1,055.8 1,077.7 163.4 85.6 7,639 404.8 397.3 347.7 1,396.8 1,061.2 1,080.3 163.8 85.8 7,619 397.6 396.5 348.6 1,393.9 1,064.9 1,082.4 164.4 85.4 -20 -7.2 -0.8 0.9 -2.9 3.7 2.1 0.6 -0.4 368.4 416.8 369.3 425.4 370.5 426.6 368.9 428.0 370.3 416.9 369.2 425.2 370.2 426.2 370.4 427.6 0.2 1.4 30.9 376.8 1,326.4 626.5 306.8 33.8 370.7 1,611.6 909.7 353.6 33.7 372.9 1,614.4 915.9 352.0 33.9 373.8 1,579.9 882.4 350.5 31.5 378.4 1,328.4 626.3 307.5 34.3 370.6 1,610.6 904.3 354.4 34.3 373.9 1,610.0 905.5 352.5 34.6 375.1 1,582.0 878.5 351.1 0.3 1.2 -28.0 -27.0 -1.4 521.9 608.1 611.9 625.6 523.7 610.4 614.3 626.9 12.6 4,320 1,530.4 84.7 85.5 70.3 354.3 339.0 104.0 831.3 659.7 4,616 1,623.6 94.5 106.3 91.9 355.0 367.1 99.9 851.2 728.4 4,638 1,627.0 96.3 106.1 91.6 357.2 372.1 99.5 852.6 727.7 4,633 1,615.5 95.4 105.4 93.5 355.3 368.7 101.3 856.9 727.9 4,352 1,551.3 84.8 86.3 70.4 353.9 341.4 105.2 832.3 660.6 4,640 1,634.7 94.5 106.7 92.6 355.7 368.9 103.6 850.0 727.8 4,663 1,639.3 96.5 106.5 92.0 356.7 374.2 102.7 851.4 727.7 4,665 1,636.7 95.4 106.2 93.0 355.1 371.3 102.4 855.7 728.5 2 -2.6 -1.1 -0.3 1.0 -1.6 -2.9 -0.3 4.3 0.8 260.7 298.1 307.5 313.5 265.9 305.7 316.0 320.3 4.3 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89,596 100,566 101,331 102,175 89,764 101,590 102,132 102,366 234 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24,311 26,803 26,899 26,849 24,513 27,081 27,180 27,099 -81 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 5,470.0 3,002.9 1,993.6 5,611.1 3,084.5 2,050.1 5,633.4 3,094.4 2,061.4 5,651.9 3,104.2 2,071.8 5,486.0 3,010.8 1,999.6 5,639.1 3,093.9 2,066.7 5,659.7 3,104.6 2,076.8 5,667.5 3,112.3 2,078.4 7.8 7.7 1.6 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2021p Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Change from: Mar.2021 Apr.2021p Wholesale trade - Continued Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473.5 476.5 477.6 475.9 475.6 478.5 478.3 476.8 -1.5 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden supply stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,131.5 1,660.4 1,018.3 120.7 521.4 251.0 420.2 14,995.9 1,941.6 1,239.6 148.2 553.8 435.9 416.7 15,038.6 1,960.2 1,246.1 154.7 559.4 441.7 415.5 15,060.5 1,972.2 1,246.7 164.2 561.3 441.3 416.9 13,235.3 1,662.2 1,020.3 119.3 522.6 254.1 420.7 15,192.7 1,953.2 1,238.5 156.0 558.7 437.3 417.4 15,225.5 1,969.6 1,249.8 158.5 561.3 444.0 415.1 15,210.2 1,973.2 1,248.9 162.0 562.3 447.7 414.7 -15.3 3.6 -0.9 3.5 1.0 3.7 -0.4 1,307.4 3,006.4 915.6 899.3 472.4 1,339.7 3,141.0 983.2 924.0 949.5 1,376.8 3,130.4 992.0 928.5 954.7 1,417.3 3,088.5 1,007.3 924.8 960.5 1,268.1 3,029.8 921.9 905.3 489.7 1,393.9 3,162.5 992.8 937.2 964.1 1,378.6 3,161.9 999.5 939.4 986.0 1,382.0 3,112.5 1,008.1 930.5 996.2 3.4 -49.4 8.6 -8.9 10.2 331.7 2,769.6 730.1 469.2 3,019.7 957.6 464.0 2,996.5 947.1 467.0 2,976.0 944.1 341.8 2,830.7 756.4 465.7 3,079.4 978.0 460.8 3,073.2 976.2 481.2 3,063.4 973.5 20.4 -9.8 -2.7 2,039.5 556.6 540.9 2,062.1 774.2 601.2 2,049.4 777.4 600.9 2,031.9 789.3 599.4 2,074.3 563.3 547.7 2,101.4 786.3 602.9 2,097.0 793.2 604.2 2,089.9 795.2 605.5 -7.1 2.0 1.3 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transit and ground passenger transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,168.3 438.0 154.3 61.0 1,411.7 5,659.0 404.4 142.2 57.6 1,453.5 5,687.3 411.0 143.0 58.8 1,461.0 5,598.2 418.4 143.0 59.5 1,465.1 5,248.5 438.7 153.9 62.0 1,428.4 5,710.4 407.1 142.5 59.5 1,478.4 5,755.2 412.5 142.4 60.5 1,481.8 5,681.1 419.0 142.3 60.1 1,480.3 -74.1 6.5 -0.1 -0.4 -1.5 321.1 51.4 11.2 667.6 821.5 1,230.5 382.3 48.1 19.2 694.0 1,041.4 1,416.3 395.8 49.0 22.4 698.9 1,036.4 1,411.0 399.2 49.0 26.9 700.3 939.7 1,397.1 306.3 51.4 12.8 668.1 889.2 1,237.7 368.8 48.5 25.2 695.3 1,072.5 1,412.6 382.3 49.0 28.4 702.0 1,086.4 1,409.9 384.4 49.0 30.7 700.7 1,009.0 1,405.6 2.1 0.0 2.3 -1.3 -77.4 -4.3 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541.0 537.3 539.7 538.4 543.5 539.2 540.0 540.4 0.4 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . Motion picture and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing, hosting and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,630 757.6 2,672 761.6 2,681 766.9 2,689 762.2 2,633 762.6 2,678 764.1 2,686 770.9 2,687 767.2 1 -3.7 215.6 246.8 698.0 253.3 250.3 690.2 263.0 241.0 688.2 268.8 238.9 690.7 213.2 247.1 699.0 261.3 248.6 687.8 268.7 240.0 686.3 265.6 238.7 689.6 -3.1 -1.3 3.3 359.8 352.3 356.0 361.0 357.9 363.8 360.6 367.6 357.6 353.6 354.7 361.7 355.9 364.6 357.5 368.0 1.6 3.4 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . Credit intermediation and related activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . Activities related to credit intermediation.. . Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,555 6,452.7 20.0 8,732 6,534.7 20.2 8,751 6,541.8 20.1 8,773 6,533.0 20.2 8,596 6,473.5 20.1 8,774 6,542.5 20.3 8,793 6,548.8 20.2 8,812 6,551.9 20.3 19 3.1 0.1 2,629.0 1,767.7 1,383.7 569.3 292.0 2,671.4 1,741.7 1,356.9 610.0 319.7 2,668.0 1,739.2 1,353.7 608.2 320.6 2,667.5 1,733.8 1,348.0 611.9 321.8 2,637.8 1,771.0 1,387.8 573.8 293.0 2,672.5 1,742.2 1,356.5 611.1 319.2 2,668.9 1,739.7 1,354.2 608.5 320.7 2,673.8 1,738.1 1,353.2 613.2 322.5 4.9 -1.6 -1.0 4.7 1.8 957.2 2,846.5 2,102.7 1,625.1 455.3 974.2 2,868.9 2,197.6 1,697.6 478.1 973.8 2,879.9 2,209.0 1,704.8 482.3 978.6 2,866.7 2,239.7 1,721.9 495.9 962.7 2,852.9 2,122.0 1,636.8 462.6 977.5 2,872.2 2,231.0 1,716.0 492.7 977.9 2,881.8 2,243.7 1,727.0 494.5 983.0 2,874.8 2,260.2 1,734.4 503.6 5.1 -7.0 16.5 7.4 9.1 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2021p Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Change from: Mar.2021 Apr.2021p Real estate and rental and leasing Continued Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.3 21.9 21.9 21.9 22.6 22.3 22.2 22.2 0.0 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer systems design and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific research and development services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other professional and technical services. . . Management of companies and enterprises. . . Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel arrangement and reservation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste management and remediation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,053 9,198.2 1,086.4 1,042.2 1,465.6 122.7 20,449 9,656.3 1,122.5 1,112.7 1,514.5 134.0 20,546 9,681.3 1,123.9 1,123.1 1,520.3 134.1 20,714 9,752.9 1,127.1 1,117.2 1,537.5 135.9 19,082 9,164.1 1,092.1 966.6 1,476.9 123.0 20,733 9,603.1 1,128.8 1,006.8 1,530.6 134.9 20,800 9,641.2 1,128.9 1,011.0 1,538.3 135.1 20,721 9,683.8 1,132.7 1,015.1 1,549.9 135.7 -79 42.6 3.8 4.1 11.6 0.6 2,164.1 2,223.0 2,211.3 2,237.4 2,171.8 2,227.1 2,233.6 2,239.8 6.2 1,467.5 1,570.2 1,572.9 1,589.4 1,476.8 1,583.1 1,591.6 1,597.8 6.2 741.2 440.4 668.1 2,315.6 7,539.6 7,107.8 504.7 150.5 2,432.0 1,893.0 772.5 790.9 437.5 751.0 2,326.4 8,465.8 8,025.6 534.2 153.2 3,252.4 2,635.1 799.7 797.6 438.7 759.4 2,332.2 8,532.1 8,088.3 539.1 153.4 3,271.9 2,651.5 795.3 803.2 440.6 764.6 2,336.7 8,624.6 8,178.7 546.2 151.6 3,221.9 2,593.6 780.6 744.5 441.8 670.6 2,329.4 7,588.2 7,153.9 505.5 150.9 2,470.7 1,946.8 777.0 794.7 438.8 758.3 2,339.5 8,790.5 8,342.4 539.2 153.2 3,387.6 2,767.9 798.8 798.3 441.1 763.3 2,341.3 8,817.9 8,367.7 542.4 152.7 3,393.4 2,760.0 800.6 805.1 442.4 765.3 2,347.0 8,690.3 8,241.2 545.8 151.8 3,278.2 2,648.6 785.2 6.8 1.3 2.0 5.7 -127.6 -126.5 3.4 -0.9 -115.2 -111.4 -15.4 170.6 869.3 1,926.5 281.7 143.9 897.7 1,954.5 290.0 147.5 904.3 1,982.1 294.7 149.2 905.0 2,125.1 299.1 170.4 874.6 1,924.3 280.4 146.7 901.5 2,123.7 291.7 148.4 911.3 2,122.6 296.3 149.0 910.6 2,122.6 298.0 0.6 -0.7 0.0 1.7 431.8 440.2 443.8 445.9 434.3 448.1 450.2 449.1 -1.1 Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . Community care facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,880 3,415.1 18,465.3 14,847.4 6,517.0 2,418.8 435.7 757.4 916.0 261.1 1,432.9 23,388 3,539.5 19,848.7 15,882.1 7,697.7 2,663.3 987.3 950.6 993.0 292.3 1,493.9 23,520 3,599.6 19,920.3 15,925.8 7,734.8 2,671.9 995.4 957.5 1,000.5 292.7 1,500.7 23,571 3,607.6 19,963.4 15,928.6 7,766.1 2,682.0 1,001.9 970.1 1,004.5 293.8 1,499.1 21,722 3,253.5 18,468.5 14,875.5 6,524.9 2,424.0 436.3 758.5 916.0 261.7 1,433.3 23,292 3,402.5 19,889.2 15,925.6 7,721.0 2,669.0 992.8 953.6 994.7 291.5 1,501.2 23,396 3,456.4 19,939.9 15,954.4 7,750.4 2,676.7 997.2 962.1 999.4 292.6 1,506.3 23,395 3,436.8 19,958.4 15,950.3 7,771.6 2,688.0 1,000.9 971.5 1,002.8 293.7 1,499.6 -1 -19.6 18.5 -4.1 21.2 11.3 3.7 9.4 3.4 1.1 -6.7 295.1 5,101.3 3,229.1 1,527.3 611.5 317.3 5,131.5 3,052.9 1,398.5 608.1 316.1 5,146.4 3,044.6 1,393.8 607.6 314.7 5,133.7 3,028.8 1,376.3 609.4 295.1 5,108.8 3,241.8 1,534.3 613.3 318.2 5,138.4 3,066.2 1,404.2 610.3 316.1 5,143.6 3,060.4 1,401.5 609.4 315.1 5,137.8 3,040.9 1,382.7 611.3 -1.0 -5.8 -19.5 -18.8 1.9 933.8 156.5 3,617.9 2,491.2 178.8 254.9 693.0 894.8 151.5 3,966.6 2,620.7 184.0 274.4 887.5 893.0 150.2 3,994.5 2,636.9 184.9 276.6 896.1 893.5 149.6 4,034.8 2,656.5 182.9 282.1 913.3 937.4 156.8 3,593.0 2,484.7 178.9 256.1 673.2 899.2 152.5 3,963.6 2,623.4 184.0 276.4 879.8 898.3 151.2 3,985.5 2,641.1 184.2 278.0 882.2 896.9 150.0 4,008.1 2,649.3 183.7 281.4 893.7 -1.4 -1.2 22.6 8.2 -0.5 3.4 11.5 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,648 1,143.0 279.7 13,065 1,583.8 304.9 13,428 1,678.9 326.8 14,003 1,840.0 368.5 8,691 1,168.8 273.5 13,530 1,732.9 328.0 13,736 1,798.4 346.4 14,067 1,888.0 360.7 331 89.6 14.3 122.6 118.4 123.1 130.8 125.2 129.4 131.0 133.6 2.6 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Change from: Mar.2021 Apr.2021p Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 740.7 7,505.2 1,158.0 6,347.2 1,160.5 11,480.9 1,378.7 10,102.2 1,229.0 11,748.6 1,431.0 10,317.6 1,340.7 12,162.7 1,495.4 10,667.3 770.1 7,522.6 1,189.2 6,333.4 1,275.5 11,797.0 1,441.4 10,355.6 1,321.0 11,937.1 1,481.8 10,455.3 1,393.7 12,178.5 1,536.2 10,642.3 72.7 241.4 54.4 187.0 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership associations and organizations. . . 4,519 1,118.6 683.8 2,717.0 5,457 1,302.9 1,310.0 2,844.0 5,506 1,321.2 1,328.7 2,855.7 5,576 1,338.8 1,357.9 2,879.4 4,527 1,116.5 682.4 2,728.0 5,502 1,305.3 1,328.4 2,868.2 5,541 1,324.4 1,341.3 2,874.9 5,585 1,338.2 1,355.5 2,891.2 44 13.8 14.2 16.3 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 22,219 2,867 2,272.0 595.1 5,239 2,541.4 2,697.4 14,113 7,892.9 6,220.2 21,764 2,861 2,254.9 606.0 5,088 2,419.0 2,669.4 13,815 7,648.5 6,166.6 21,894 2,860 2,256.6 603.8 5,132 2,460.4 2,671.3 13,902 7,705.4 6,196.1 21,991 2,886 2,272.9 613.2 5,142 2,466.6 2,675.5 13,963 7,741.0 6,222.0 21,826 2,883 2,280.2 602.9 5,074 2,374.2 2,700.0 13,869 7,571.9 6,296.7 21,481 2,882 2,270.0 611.6 4,955 2,275.4 2,679.9 13,644 7,359.7 6,284.4 21,543 2,888 2,276.3 611.4 4,970 2,292.0 2,678.0 13,685 7,387.7 6,297.2 21,591 2,897 2,282.0 614.8 4,977 2,297.9 2,679.0 13,717 7,418.8 6,297.8 48 9 5.7 3.4 7 5.9 1.0 32 31.1 0.6 Industry Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 34.2 38.1 43.0 37.9 38.0 37.8 38.3 33.4 33.8 37.7 30.5 37.3 42.5 36.5 37.6 36.0 32.7 24.2 32.2 34.6 39.7 44.6 38.2 40.3 40.5 40.0 33.6 34.3 38.7 30.6 38.8 42.7 37.2 37.7 36.5 33.3 25.3 32.2 34.9 40.2 45.5 39.4 40.5 40.7 40.1 33.8 34.6 39.1 30.8 39.3 42.7 37.2 37.7 36.8 33.4 26.2 32.4 35.0 40.1 45.2 39.1 40.5 40.6 40.3 33.9 34.7 39.1 31.0 39.5 42.5 37.4 37.6 37.0 33.3 26.7 32.4 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 2.1 1.7 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.1 3.4 Industry p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $30.07 30.24 34.74 31.38 29.31 30.88 26.78 30.03 25.62 32.45 21.10 25.65 43.11 43.66 37.37 35.83 28.41 18.00 27.79 $30.00 30.43 34.78 32.28 29.14 30.63 26.66 29.90 25.68 33.09 21.27 25.71 44.12 44.57 39.51 35.83 29.35 17.38 27.11 $29.96 30.45 34.55 32.25 29.16 30.69 26.61 29.84 25.79 33.19 21.45 25.67 44.22 43.85 39.75 35.87 29.16 17.59 26.81 $30.17 30.69 35.28 32.57 29.33 30.94 26.68 30.05 26.07 33.34 21.75 26.08 44.46 44.54 39.83 36.03 29.54 17.88 26.99 $1,028.39 1,152.14 1,493.82 1,189.30 1,113.78 1,167.26 1,025.67 1,003.00 865.96 1,223.37 643.55 956.75 1,832.18 1,593.59 1,405.11 1,289.88 929.01 435.60 894.84 $1,038.00 1,208.07 1,551.19 1,233.10 1,174.34 1,240.52 1,066.40 1,004.64 880.82 1,280.58 650.86 997.55 1,883.92 1,658.00 1,489.53 1,307.80 977.36 439.71 872.94 $1,045.60 1,224.09 1,572.03 1,270.65 1,180.98 1,249.08 1,067.06 1,008.59 892.33 1,297.73 660.66 1,008.83 1,888.19 1,631.22 1,498.58 1,320.02 973.94 460.86 868.64 $1,055.95 1,230.67 1,594.66 1,273.49 1,187.87 1,256.16 1,075.20 1,018.70 904.63 1,303.59 674.25 1,030.16 1,889.55 1,665.80 1,497.61 1,333.11 983.68 477.40 874.48 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2 Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Percent change from: Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.0 80.6 84.0 85.4 78.0 75.2 83.2 96.5 90.4 91.2 82.0 112.5 99.9 87.8 105.9 107.7 116.0 60.0 84.0 105.8 91.4 83.8 96.9 88.8 86.8 92.6 109.9 101.4 96.3 94.4 127.3 99.6 91.0 108.4 118.7 126.6 97.7 102.1 107.3 93.3 87.6 101.2 89.6 87.5 93.3 111.1 102.6 97.6 95.2 130.0 99.8 91.3 108.6 120.0 127.6 102.7 103.5 107.8 93.0 87.3 100.4 89.5 87.1 93.8 111.7 102.6 97.7 95.7 128.9 99.4 91.8 108.6 120.2 127.2 107.2 104.3 0.5 -0.3 -0.3 -0.8 -0.1 -0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.5 -0.8 -0.4 0.5 0.0 0.2 -0.3 4.4 0.8 1 Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Percent change from: Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021p 133.7 110.2 117.2 116.4 106.4 103.1 113.1 140.9 124.9 123.8 114.3 146.8 142.3 136.4 154.4 156.3 158.5 87.1 128.0 151.7 125.7 117.0 135.8 120.3 118.0 125.3 159.7 140.4 133.2 132.7 166.5 145.2 144.4 167.0 172.1 178.8 137.0 151.8 153.7 128.4 121.6 141.8 121.6 119.3 126.0 161.2 142.7 135.5 135.0 169.7 145.8 142.5 168.4 174.3 179.0 145.7 152.1 155.5 129.0 123.7 142.1 122.1 119.7 127.0 163.2 144.3 136.3 137.6 171.1 146.0 145.5 168.7 175.4 180.8 154.6 154.3 1.2 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.9 0.8 0.1 2.1 0.2 0.6 1.0 6.1 1.4 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods................................. . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................... . Information........................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................... . Government............................................ . 64,104 51,543 4,182 88 884 3,210 1,707 1,503 47,361 9,357 1,613.7 6,314.4 1,295.8 132.8 1,049 4,879 8,647 16,637 4,545 2,247 12,561 71,360 59,000 4,596 82 993 3,521 1,866 1,655 54,404 10,645 1,689.6 7,373.1 1,448.6 133.6 1,067 4,968 9,571 18,013 7,208 2,932 12,360 71,620 59,234 4,624 85 1,001 3,538 1,866 1,672 54,610 10,682 1,698.0 7,386.6 1,463.7 133.8 1,068 4,964 9,602 18,049 7,306 2,939 12,386 71,781 59,350 4,638 84 1,010 3,544 1,870 1,674 54,712 10,638 1,699.9 7,359.9 1,443.7 134.1 1,074 4,965 9,556 18,069 7,456 2,954 12,431 49.2 47.6 22.5 14.1 13.5 28.1 24.2 34.5 52.8 38.2 29.4 47.7 24.7 24.4 39.8 56.8 45.3 76.6 52.3 49.6 57.6 49.8 48.4 22.8 13.7 13.5 28.7 24.5 35.7 53.6 39.3 30.0 48.5 25.4 24.8 39.8 56.6 46.2 77.3 53.3 53.3 57.5 49.7 48.4 22.7 13.9 13.4 28.8 24.4 35.9 53.5 39.3 30.0 48.5 25.4 24.8 39.8 56.5 46.2 77.1 53.2 53.0 57.5 49.7 48.4 22.8 13.7 13.6 28.9 24.5 35.9 53.4 39.3 30.0 48.4 25.4 24.8 40.0 56.3 46.1 77.2 53.0 52.9 57.6 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [In thousands] Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . Wholesale trade.................................................................. . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing............................................... . Utilities............................................................................. . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . 87,038 12,935 433 4,726 7,776 4,656 3,120 74,103 20,550 4,346.3 11,232.0 4,537.4 434.2 2,091 6,589 15,158 18,970 7,121 3,624 99,221 14,330 433 5,413 8,484 5,159 3,325 84,891 22,896 4,479.7 12,988.4 5,000.1 428.1 2,122 6,648 16,731 20,385 11,643 4,466 99,753 14,475 443 5,518 8,514 5,182 3,332 85,278 22,953 4,503.0 12,989.0 5,032.6 428.5 2,130 6,650 16,751 20,477 11,826 4,491 99,700 14,378 445 5,466 8,467 5,143 3,324 85,322 22,820 4,495.9 12,952.4 4,940.9 430.3 2,133 6,651 16,610 20,482 12,105 4,521 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 33.5 38.6 43.1 38.3 38.5 38.1 39.1 32.6 33.6 37.0 30.5 37.2 42.3 35.6 36.9 35.2 31.8 22.3 31.2 34.0 40.5 45.4 38.6 41.4 41.5 41.4 32.9 34.3 38.5 30.9 38.6 42.6 36.5 37.4 35.9 32.6 24.1 31.0 34.4 41.2 46.9 40.1 41.7 41.9 41.3 33.2 34.6 38.9 31.1 39.0 42.8 35.9 37.4 36.3 32.7 24.8 31.4 34.4 41.1 46.6 39.8 41.7 41.8 41.5 33.3 34.6 39.0 31.1 39.2 42.7 36.4 37.5 36.5 32.6 25.3 31.4 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 2.8 2.5 3.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 Industry 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.16 25.19 30.98 28.69 22.72 23.56 21.49 25.15 21.59 26.87 17.63 22.82 38.00 35.76 28.82 29.86 25.35 14.68 23.50 $25.21 25.83 30.66 29.65 23.29 24.30 21.72 25.08 21.72 27.30 17.91 22.96 39.63 36.87 29.86 29.88 26.20 15.05 23.00 $25.25 25.97 30.68 29.77 23.33 24.32 21.75 25.10 21.79 27.35 18.02 22.89 39.89 36.86 30.00 29.98 26.17 15.27 23.01 $25.45 26.17 31.29 30.21 23.38 24.41 21.78 25.30 22.02 27.40 18.39 23.00 39.79 36.85 30.08 30.15 26.52 15.68 23.07 $842.86 972.33 1,335.24 1,098.83 874.72 897.64 840.26 819.89 725.42 994.19 537.72 848.90 1,607.40 1,273.06 1,063.46 1,051.07 806.13 327.36 733.20 $857.14 1,046.12 1,391.96 1,144.49 964.21 1,008.45 899.21 825.13 745.00 1,051.05 553.42 886.26 1,688.24 1,345.76 1,116.76 1,072.69 854.12 362.71 713.00 $868.60 1,069.96 1,438.89 1,193.78 972.86 1,019.01 898.28 833.32 753.93 1,063.92 560.42 892.71 1,707.29 1,323.27 1,122.00 1,088.27 855.76 378.70 722.51 $875.48 1,075.59 1,458.11 1,202.36 974.95 1,020.34 903.87 842.49 761.89 1,068.60 571.93 901.60 1,699.03 1,341.34 1,128.00 1,100.48 864.55 396.70 724.40 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [2002=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3 Industry Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Percent change from: Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97.2 76.3 99.2 90.6 68.7 66.6 71.9 102.9 96.6 95.4 86.7 127.7 93.9 85.0 114.4 119.3 128.6 58.2 79.3 112.4 88.7 104.5 104.6 80.6 80.4 81.1 119.0 109.8 102.4 101.6 146.1 93.3 88.4 117.0 134.3 141.7 102.8 97.1 114.3 91.1 110.4 110.8 81.5 81.6 81.1 120.6 111.1 104.0 102.2 148.5 93.8 87.3 117.1 136.0 142.8 107.4 98.9 114.3 90.3 110.2 108.9 81.1 80.8 81.3 121.1 110.4 104.1 101.9 146.6 94.0 88.6 117.4 135.6 142.4 112.2 99.6 0.0 -0.9 -0.2 -1.7 -0.5 -1.0 0.2 0.4 -0.6 0.1 -0.3 -1.3 0.2 1.5 0.3 -0.3 -0.3 4.5 0.7 1 Apr. 2020 Feb. 2021 Mar. 2021p Apr. 2021p Percent change from: Mar. 2021 Apr. 2021p 163.4 117.7 178.7 140.4 102.1 98.0 109.1 177.6 149.0 151.4 131.0 185.5 149.0 150.4 202.9 211.8 215.2 97.0 135.8 189.4 140.3 186.3 167.5 122.8 122.0 124.5 204.7 170.5 164.9 155.9 213.5 154.3 161.4 215.0 238.6 245.0 175.7 162.7 193.0 144.9 197.0 178.1 124.3 123.8 124.6 207.7 172.9 167.8 157.9 216.4 156.2 159.3 216.0 242.4 246.6 186.3 165.8 194.4 144.7 200.5 177.7 123.9 123.1 125.1 210.1 173.8 168.3 160.6 214.6 156.1 161.7 217.2 243.0 249.2 199.8 167.4 0.7 -0.1 1.8 -0.2 -0.3 -0.6 0.4 1.2 0.5 0.3 1.7 -0.8 -0.1 1.5 0.6 0.2 1.1 7.2 1.0 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.