Full text of The Employment Situation : April 2019
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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 3, 2019 USDL-19-0731 Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2019 Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in April, and the unemployment rate declined to 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in professional and business services, construction, health care, and social assistance. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, April 2017 – April 2019 Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, seasonally adjusted, April 2017 – April 2019 Percent Thousands 6.0 400 350 5.5 300 5.0 250 200 4.5 150 100 4.0 50 3.5 0 -50 3.0 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19 This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. Household Survey Data The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.6 percent in April, the lowest rate since December 1969. Over the month, the number of unemployed persons decreased by 387,000 to 5.8 million. (See table A-1.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates declined in April for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Asians (2.2 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent). The jobless rates for teenagers (13.0 percent) and Blacks (6.7 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs declined by 186,000 over the month to 2.7 million. (See table A-11.) In April, the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks declined by 222,000 to 1.9 million. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2 million in April and accounted for 21.1 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.) The labor force participation rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.8 percent in April but was unchanged from a year earlier. The employment-population ratio was unchanged at 60.6 percent in April and has been either 60.6 percent or 60.7 percent since October 2018. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 4.7 million in April. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) In April, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) Among the marginally attached, there were 454,000 discouraged workers in April, about unchanged from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 963,000 persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in April, compared with an average monthly gain of 213,000 over the prior 12 months. In April, notable jobs gains occurred in professional and business services, construction, health care, and social assistance. (See table B-1.) Professional and business services added 76,000 jobs in April. Within the industry, employment gains occurred in administrative and support services (+53,000) and in computer systems design and related services (+14,000). Over the past 12 months, professional and business services has added 535,000 jobs. In April, construction employment rose by 33,000, with gains in nonresidential specialty trade contractors (+22,000) and in heavy and civil engineering construction (+10,000). Construction has added 256,000 jobs over the past 12 months. -2- Employment in health care grew by 27,000 in April and 404,000 over the past 12 months. In April, job growth occurred in ambulatory health care services (+17,000), hospitals (+8,000), and community care facilities for the elderly (+7,000). Social assistance added 26,000 jobs over the month, with all of the gain in individual and family services. Financial activities employment continued to trend up in April (+12,000). The industry has added 110,000 jobs over the past 12 months, with almost three-fourths of the growth in real estate and rental and leasing. Manufacturing employment changed little for the third month in a row (+4,000 in April). In the 12 months prior to February, the industry had added an average of 22,000 jobs per month. Employment in retail trade changed little in April (-12,000). Job losses occurred in general merchandise stores (-9,000), while motor vehicle and parts dealers added 8,000 jobs. Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, information, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little change over the month. In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents to $27.77. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 3.2 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $23.31 in April. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.4 hours in April. In manufacturing, both the workweek and overtime were unchanged (40.7 hours and 3.4 hours, respectively). The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls held at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised up from +33,000 to +56,000, and the change for March was revised down from +196,000 to +189,000. With these revisions, employment gains in February and March combined were 16,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 169,000 per month over the last 3 months. _____________ The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 7, 2019, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). -3- HOUSEHOLD DATA Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Change from: Mar. 2019Apr. 2019 Apr. 2019 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force.......................................................... . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed.................................................................. . Employment-population ratio......................................... . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257,272 161,551 62.8 155,216 60.3 6,335 3.9 95,721 258,392 163,184 63.2 156,949 60.7 6,235 3.8 95,208 258,537 162,960 63.0 156,748 60.6 6,211 3.8 95,577 258,693 162,470 62.8 156,645 60.6 5,824 3.6 96,223 156 -490 -0.2 -103 0.0 -387 -0.2 646 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 3.9 3.7 3.5 13.0 3.5 6.5 2.8 4.8 3.8 3.5 3.4 13.4 3.3 7.0 3.1 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.3 12.8 3.4 6.7 3.1 4.7 3.6 3.4 3.1 13.0 3.1 6.7 2.2 4.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.9 -0.5 Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 3.3 5.8 4.3 3.4 2.1 3.1 5.3 3.8 3.2 2.2 3.1 5.9 3.7 3.4 2.0 2.9 5.4 3.5 3.1 2.1 -0.2 -0.5 -0.2 -0.3 0.1 Reason for unemployment Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers..................................................................... . Reentrants...................................................................... . New entrants................................................................... . 2,965 812 2,001 615 2,857 840 1,905 623 2,837 779 2,007 614 2,651 737 1,926 530 -186 -42 -81 -84 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 weeks and over............................................................ . 2,121 1,975 1,018 1,311 2,194 1,810 942 1,271 2,126 1,815 950 1,305 1,904 1,842 854 1,230 -222 27 -96 -75 Employed persons at work part time Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 4,952 2,990 1,564 21,295 4,310 2,792 1,347 21,153 4,499 2,909 1,329 21,297 4,654 2,891 1,446 21,322 155 -18 117 25 Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted) Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers....................................................... . 1,362 408 1,424 428 1,357 412 1,417 454 – – - Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 184 60 9 29 22 17 -0.5 5 124 -13.4 3.7 6.6 1.4 5 4 62 12.8 24 20.6 18 13 12 56 46 -19 -4 -23 8 5 1.5 3 65 12.5 -13.7 -6.3 -1.3 -7 5 54 7.0 19 35.8 -1 4 10 189 179 21 1 20 0 -5 -6.3 5 158 -0.1 -15.7 2.4 1.3 7 13 24 -5.8 69 64.6 37 20 10 263 236 34 -3 33 4 0 -1.5 4 202 9.9 -12.0 11.1 -3.2 -1 12 76 17.9 62 52.6 34 14 27 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 220 198 189 186 174 169 154 Category WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2 Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)5 Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49.6 48.2 82.4 49.8 48.4 82.4 49.8 48.4 82.4 49.8 48.4 82.4 34.5 $26.90 $928.05 109.2 0.2 140.4 0.4 34.4 $27.66 $951.50 110.6 -0.3 146.3 0.1 34.5 $27.71 $956.00 111.1 0.5 147.2 0.6 34.4 $27.77 $955.29 111.0 -0.1 147.3 0.1 64.7 63.8 58.1 52.6 59.7 53.9 60.1 48.0 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. 4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. 5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 689,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/. • The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. • The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. • The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257,272 161,280 62.7 155,348 60.4 5,932 3.7 95,992 5,010 258,537 162,823 63.0 156,441 60.5 6,382 3.9 95,714 4,887 258,693 162,097 62.7 156,710 60.6 5,387 3.3 96,596 4,951 257,272 161,551 62.8 155,216 60.3 6,335 3.9 95,721 5,143 258,888 163,240 63.1 156,945 60.6 6,294 3.9 95,649 5,327 258,239 163,229 63.2 156,694 60.7 6,535 4.0 95,010 5,254 258,392 163,184 63.2 156,949 60.7 6,235 3.8 95,208 5,222 258,537 162,960 63.0 156,748 60.6 6,211 3.8 95,577 5,227 258,693 162,470 62.8 156,645 60.6 5,824 3.6 96,223 5,121 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,418 85,965 69.1 82,610 66.4 3,355 3.9 38,453 125,037 86,286 69.0 82,606 66.1 3,681 4.3 38,750 125,114 86,027 68.8 82,963 66.3 3,064 3.6 39,087 124,418 86,102 69.2 82,599 66.4 3,502 4.1 38,317 125,227 86,441 69.0 83,041 66.3 3,401 3.9 38,785 124,890 86,577 69.3 83,031 66.5 3,545 4.1 38,313 124,965 86,439 69.2 83,095 66.5 3,343 3.9 38,527 125,037 86,442 69.1 83,034 66.4 3,408 3.9 38,595 125,114 86,179 68.9 82,959 66.3 3,221 3.7 38,935 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115,921 83,225 71.8 80,242 69.2 2,983 3.6 32,697 116,586 83,603 71.7 80,295 68.9 3,308 4.0 32,983 116,665 83,415 71.5 80,711 69.2 2,703 3.2 33,251 115,921 83,163 71.7 80,108 69.1 3,055 3.7 32,758 116,739 83,500 71.5 80,501 69.0 2,999 3.6 33,239 116,436 83,599 71.8 80,472 69.1 3,126 3.7 32,837 116,513 83,632 71.8 80,712 69.3 2,920 3.5 32,881 116,586 83,573 71.7 80,564 69.1 3,009 3.6 33,013 116,665 83,373 71.5 80,576 69.1 2,797 3.4 33,292 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,853 75,314 56.7 72,738 54.8 2,576 3.4 57,539 133,500 76,536 57.3 73,835 55.3 2,701 3.5 56,964 133,579 76,069 56.9 73,747 55.2 2,323 3.1 57,510 132,853 75,449 56.8 72,616 54.7 2,833 3.8 57,405 133,662 76,798 57.5 73,904 55.3 2,894 3.8 56,864 133,350 76,652 57.5 73,663 55.2 2,990 3.9 56,697 133,427 76,746 57.5 73,854 55.4 2,892 3.8 56,681 133,500 76,518 57.3 73,715 55.2 2,803 3.7 56,982 133,579 76,291 57.1 73,687 55.2 2,604 3.4 57,288 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124,579 72,573 58.3 70,266 56.4 2,307 3.2 52,006 125,252 73,658 58.8 71,259 56.9 2,399 3.3 51,594 125,332 73,382 58.5 71,327 56.9 2,055 2.8 51,950 124,579 72,558 58.2 70,033 56.2 2,525 3.5 52,021 125,393 73,769 58.8 71,218 56.8 2,550 3.5 51,624 125,099 73,691 58.9 71,049 56.8 2,642 3.6 51,408 125,177 73,760 58.9 71,221 56.9 2,540 3.4 51,417 125,252 73,525 58.7 71,072 56.7 2,453 3.3 51,727 125,332 73,419 58.6 71,131 56.8 2,288 3.1 51,913 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,771 5,482 32.7 4,840 28.9 642 11.7 11,290 16,698 5,562 33.3 4,887 29.3 675 12.1 11,137 16,696 5,300 31.7 4,672 28.0 628 11.9 11,395 16,771 5,829 34.8 5,074 30.3 755 13.0 10,942 16,756 5,971 35.6 5,226 31.2 745 12.5 10,785 16,704 5,939 35.6 5,172 31.0 767 12.9 10,765 16,702 5,792 34.7 5,017 30.0 776 13.4 10,909 16,698 5,862 35.1 5,113 30.6 748 12.8 10,837 16,696 5,678 34.0 4,938 29.6 740 13.0 11,018 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 199,950 125,488 62.8 121,358 60.7 4,130 3.3 74,462 200,508 126,290 63.0 121,929 60.8 4,362 3.5 74,218 200,576 125,627 62.6 122,036 60.8 3,591 2.9 74,950 199,950 125,675 62.9 121,228 60.6 4,447 3.5 74,274 200,774 126,680 63.1 122,318 60.9 4,362 3.4 74,094 200,382 126,351 63.1 121,880 60.8 4,471 3.5 74,030 200,447 126,313 63.0 122,168 60.9 4,144 3.3 74,134 200,508 126,404 63.0 122,143 60.9 4,261 3.4 74,104 200,576 125,900 62.8 121,944 60.8 3,957 3.1 74,676 65,988 72.1 63,848 69.8 2,140 3.2 66,029 71.9 63,742 69.4 2,287 3.5 65,852 71.7 64,014 69.7 1,838 2.8 65,919 72.0 63,724 69.6 2,195 3.3 66,110 71.9 64,046 69.6 2,064 3.1 66,051 72.0 63,890 69.6 2,161 3.3 66,052 72.0 64,088 69.8 1,964 3.0 66,014 71.9 63,936 69.6 2,078 3.1 65,802 71.6 63,896 69.6 1,906 2.9 55,210 57.4 53,641 55.8 1,568 2.8 55,893 58.0 54,293 56.3 1,600 2.9 55,639 57.7 54,309 56.3 1,330 2.4 55,192 57.4 53,451 55.6 1,742 3.2 55,995 58.0 54,226 56.2 1,769 3.2 55,740 57.8 53,959 56.0 1,781 3.2 55,814 57.9 54,151 56.2 1,663 3.0 55,806 57.9 54,140 56.1 1,666 3.0 55,671 57.7 54,133 56.1 1,538 2.8 4,290 34.8 3,868 31.4 421 9.8 4,368 35.6 3,894 31.8 474 10.9 4,136 33.8 3,713 30.3 423 10.2 4,564 37.0 4,053 32.9 511 11.2 4,575 37.2 4,047 32.9 528 11.6 4,560 37.2 4,031 32.9 530 11.6 4,447 36.3 3,929 32.0 518 11.6 4,585 37.4 4,067 33.2 517 11.3 4,427 36.1 3,915 31.9 512 11.6 32,672 20,172 61.7 18,953 58.0 1,219 6.0 12,500 32,925 20,328 61.7 18,965 57.6 1,364 6.7 12,597 32,955 20,537 62.3 19,262 58.4 1,275 6.2 12,418 32,672 20,233 61.9 18,911 57.9 1,321 6.5 12,439 32,956 20,460 62.1 19,107 58.0 1,353 6.6 12,496 32,868 20,628 62.8 19,220 58.5 1,408 6.8 12,240 32,897 20,575 62.5 19,137 58.2 1,437 7.0 12,322 32,925 20,432 62.1 19,073 57.9 1,359 6.7 12,493 32,955 20,589 62.5 19,219 58.3 1,370 6.7 12,366 9,248 67.6 8,681 63.5 567 6.1 9,344 67.6 8,675 62.8 669 7.2 9,449 68.3 8,827 63.8 622 6.6 9,266 67.8 8,674 63.4 593 6.4 9,284 67.2 8,709 63.0 575 6.2 9,367 67.9 8,705 63.1 662 7.1 9,414 68.2 8,734 63.3 680 7.2 9,399 68.0 8,753 63.3 646 6.9 9,456 68.3 8,811 63.7 645 6.8 10,239 62.1 9,764 59.2 475 4.6 10,324 62.1 9,777 58.8 547 5.3 10,406 62.5 9,907 59.5 499 4.8 10,244 62.1 9,716 58.9 528 5.2 10,359 62.2 9,749 58.6 611 5.9 10,419 62.8 9,847 59.3 572 5.5 10,366 62.4 9,822 59.1 544 5.3 10,316 62.0 9,777 58.8 539 5.2 10,411 62.5 9,859 59.2 552 5.3 685 27.4 508 20.3 177 25.8 660 26.7 513 20.7 148 22.4 681 27.6 527 21.3 155 22.7 722 28.9 522 20.8 201 27.8 817 32.8 650 26.1 167 20.5 842 34.0 669 27.0 173 20.6 795 32.1 582 23.5 213 26.8 717 29.0 542 21.9 174 24.3 722 29.2 549 22.2 173 24.0 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 2018 15,933 10,034 63.0 9,765 61.3 269 2.7 5,898 Mar. 2019 16,245 10,447 64.3 10,133 62.4 314 3.0 5,798 Apr. 2019 16,290 10,166 62.4 9,954 61.1 212 2.1 6,124 Apr. 2018 15,933 10,039 63.0 9,760 61.3 279 2.8 5,894 Dec. 2018 16,138 10,262 63.6 9,929 61.5 334 3.3 5,876 Jan. 2019 16,034 10,298 64.2 9,978 62.2 321 3.1 5,736 Feb. 2019 16,055 10,369 64.6 10,045 62.6 324 3.1 5,686 Mar. 2019 16,245 10,402 64.0 10,082 62.1 320 3.1 5,843 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Apr. 2019 16,290 10,180 62.5 9,957 61.1 223 2.2 6,110 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 42,507 28,193 66.3 26,970 63.4 1,223 4.3 14,314 43,205 28,900 66.9 27,479 63.6 1,421 4.9 14,305 43,289 28,474 65.8 27,415 63.3 1,059 3.7 14,814 42,507 28,219 66.4 26,865 63.2 1,354 4.8 14,288 43,234 28,963 67.0 27,701 64.1 1,261 4.4 14,271 43,044 28,985 67.3 27,579 64.1 1,406 4.9 14,060 43,127 28,724 66.6 27,480 63.7 1,245 4.3 14,403 43,205 28,929 67.0 27,566 63.8 1,363 4.7 14,277 43,289 28,546 65.9 27,348 63.2 1,198 4.2 14,743 15,517 80.9 14,949 77.9 568 3.7 15,836 81.2 15,114 77.5 722 4.6 15,595 79.8 15,074 77.2 521 3.3 15,516 80.9 14,891 77.6 626 4.0 15,651 80.2 15,107 77.4 544 3.5 15,699 80.8 15,066 77.6 633 4.0 15,675 80.5 15,117 77.7 557 3.6 15,832 81.2 15,187 77.9 646 4.1 15,611 79.9 15,028 76.9 583 3.7 11,437 59.0 10,929 56.3 508 4.4 11,842 60.0 11,318 57.3 524 4.4 11,776 59.6 11,381 57.6 395 3.4 11,410 58.8 10,869 56.0 541 4.7 12,002 60.8 11,487 58.2 515 4.3 11,968 60.9 11,396 58.0 572 4.8 11,798 59.9 11,331 57.5 466 4.0 11,839 60.0 11,321 57.4 518 4.4 11,762 59.5 11,330 57.3 432 3.7 1,239 31.6 1,091 27.8 148 11.9 1,222 30.8 1,048 26.4 175 14.3 1,103 27.7 961 24.2 142 12.9 1,293 32.9 1,105 28.2 187 14.5 1,310 33.0 1,107 27.9 202 15.4 1,318 33.3 1,117 28.2 201 15.2 1,252 31.6 1,031 26.0 221 17.6 1,257 31.7 1,058 26.6 199 15.9 1,172 29.5 989 24.9 183 15.6 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,438 46.6 9,836 43.9 603 5.8 10,064 45.8 9,374 42.6 689 6.9 10,081 45.7 9,554 43.3 527 5.2 10,294 46.0 9,692 43.3 602 5.8 10,283 46.1 9,683 43.4 600 5.8 10,065 45.2 9,489 42.6 576 5.7 10,267 47.0 9,720 44.5 548 5.3 10,142 46.1 9,548 43.4 594 5.9 9,996 45.3 9,460 42.8 536 5.4 High school graduates, no college1 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,538 57.0 34,086 54.7 1,451 4.1 36,015 57.9 34,571 55.6 1,444 4.0 35,900 57.9 34,729 56.0 1,172 3.3 35,487 56.9 33,975 54.5 1,512 4.3 36,154 58.1 34,776 55.9 1,377 3.8 36,301 58.5 34,937 56.3 1,363 3.8 36,230 58.2 34,863 56.0 1,367 3.8 35,983 57.9 34,654 55.8 1,329 3.7 35,901 57.9 34,662 55.9 1,239 3.5 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,056 65.6 36,818 63.5 1,238 3.3 37,204 65.1 35,895 62.8 1,309 3.5 37,494 64.9 36,405 63.0 1,089 2.9 37,880 65.3 36,578 63.1 1,302 3.4 37,175 65.7 35,954 63.5 1,222 3.3 37,339 65.5 36,071 63.2 1,268 3.4 37,213 65.3 36,040 63.3 1,173 3.2 37,268 65.2 36,012 63.0 1,256 3.4 37,290 64.6 36,141 62.6 1,149 3.1 Bachelor’s degree and higher2 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56,823 74.2 55,735 72.8 1,088 1.9 58,984 74.2 57,789 72.7 1,195 2.0 58,335 73.8 57,235 72.4 1,099 1.9 56,795 74.2 55,616 72.6 1,179 2.1 58,701 73.6 57,442 72.0 1,260 2.1 58,472 74.0 57,078 72.2 1,395 2.4 58,497 73.5 57,220 71.9 1,277 2.2 58,593 73.7 57,409 72.2 1,184 2.0 58,381 73.9 57,179 72.3 1,202 2.1 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 Apr. 2019 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Apr. 2018 Men Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Women Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,280 9,582 49.7 9,231 47.9 351 3.7 9,698 18,903 9,337 49.4 9,120 48.2 217 2.3 9,566 17,418 8,446 48.5 8,117 46.6 329 3.9 8,972 17,022 8,219 48.3 8,049 47.3 171 2.1 8,803 1,862 1,136 61.0 1,114 59.8 22 1.9 726 1,881 1,118 59.4 1,072 57.0 46 4.1 763 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,070 3,356 82.5 3,193 78.5 163 4.9 714 4,248 3,390 79.8 3,331 78.4 59 1.7 858 3,378 2,849 84.3 2,702 80.0 147 5.2 529 3,552 2,913 82.0 2,880 81.1 33 1.1 639 692 507 73.3 491 70.9 16 3.2 185 697 477 68.5 451 64.8 26 5.4 220 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,134 2,441 77.9 2,397 76.5 43 1.8 694 3,119 2,413 77.4 2,360 75.7 53 2.2 705 2,638 2,085 79.0 2,044 77.5 41 2.0 553 2,593 2,056 79.3 2,011 77.5 45 2.2 538 496 355 71.6 353 71.2 2 0.6 141 525 357 68.0 349 66.6 8 2.2 168 World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,714 1,628 21.1 1,576 20.4 52 3.2 6,086 7,298 1,480 20.3 1,442 19.8 38 2.6 5,818 7,452 1,569 21.0 1,516 20.3 52 3.3 5,883 7,047 1,405 19.9 1,373 19.5 33 2.3 5,642 262 60 22.7 60 22.7 0 – 202 251 75 29.9 70 27.8 5 7.3 176 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,362 2,158 49.5 2,065 47.3 93 4.3 2,204 4,238 2,054 48.5 1,986 46.9 67 3.3 2,184 3,950 1,944 49.2 1,854 46.9 89 4.6 2,006 3,830 1,846 48.2 1,785 46.6 60 3.3 1,984 412 214 52.0 211 51.2 3 1.5 198 408 208 51.0 201 49.3 7 3.2 200 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229,048 149,781 65.4 144,475 63.1 5,306 3.5 79,267 230,997 150,960 65.4 146,047 63.2 4,913 3.3 80,038 102,525 76,583 74.7 73,719 71.9 2,864 3.7 25,942 103,613 76,873 74.2 74,093 71.5 2,780 3.6 26,740 126,524 73,198 57.9 70,756 55.9 2,442 3.3 53,326 127,385 74,087 58.2 71,953 56.5 2,133 2.9 53,298 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Persons with a disability Employment status, sex, and age Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 Persons with no disability Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 30,307 6,337 20.9 5,828 19.2 509 8.0 23,970 30,770 6,384 20.7 5,978 19.4 405 6.3 24,386 226,965 154,942 68.3 149,520 65.9 5,423 3.5 72,022 227,923 155,713 68.3 150,731 66.1 4,982 3.2 72,210 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,746 36.6 2,474 33.0 272 9.9 4,746 2,732 36.6 2,522 33.8 210 7.7 4,735 77,722 82.6 74,799 79.5 2,923 3.8 16,384 77,629 82.5 74,947 79.6 2,682 3.5 16,470 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,451 30.7 2,256 28.2 194 7.9 5,538 2,402 30.2 2,249 28.3 152 6.3 5,547 68,401 70.7 66,123 68.3 2,279 3.3 28,377 68,967 71.3 66,927 69.2 2,039 3.0 27,760 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 1,141 7.7 1,098 7.4 43 3.8 13,685 1,250 8.1 1,208 7.9 43 3.4 14,104 8,819 24.4 8,598 23.8 222 2.5 27,261 9,117 24.6 8,857 23.9 260 2.9 27,979 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status and nativity Apr. 2018 Men Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Women Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 43,164 28,266 65.5 27,300 63.2 967 3.4 14,898 43,527 28,439 65.3 27,660 63.5 779 2.7 15,088 21,041 16,398 77.9 15,961 75.9 437 2.7 4,643 21,187 16,521 78.0 16,122 76.1 400 2.4 4,665 22,123 11,868 53.6 11,338 51.2 530 4.5 10,255 22,340 11,918 53.3 11,539 51.7 379 3.2 10,422 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 214,107 133,014 62.1 128,049 59.8 4,965 3.7 81,094 215,166 133,657 62.1 129,049 60.0 4,608 3.4 81,509 103,377 69,568 67.3 66,649 64.5 2,919 4.2 33,810 103,927 69,506 66.9 66,842 64.3 2,664 3.8 34,421 110,730 63,446 57.3 61,400 55.5 2,046 3.2 47,284 111,239 64,151 57.7 62,208 55.9 1,944 3.0 47,087 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Category CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government.................................... . Private industries.............................. . Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other industries............................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2 All industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 2,230 1,438 759 33 153,119 144,009 21,453 122,556 780 121,776 9,039 70 2,243 1,558 667 18 154,197 145,493 21,077 124,417 808 123,609 8,659 45 2,281 1,571 687 23 154,429 145,849 21,189 124,661 825 123,835 8,543 37 2,312 1,528 747 – 152,860 143,815 21,175 122,663 – 121,895 9,001 – 2,522 1,747 752 – 154,520 145,478 20,677 124,787 – 123,904 9,031 – 2,576 1,778 787 – 154,177 145,251 20,614 124,657 – 123,861 8,855 – 2,510 1,741 764 – 154,446 145,674 20,588 125,042 – 124,243 8,780 – 2,332 1,687 644 – 154,358 145,609 20,677 124,948 – 124,153 8,727 – 2,394 1,687 690 – 154,271 145,675 20,831 124,892 – 124,075 8,569 – 4,734 2,867 1,573 22,132 4,621 2,949 1,413 21,738 4,483 2,782 1,473 22,160 4,952 2,990 1,564 21,295 4,657 2,891 1,496 21,234 5,147 3,451 1,419 20,949 4,310 2,792 1,347 21,153 4,499 2,909 1,329 21,297 4,654 2,891 1,446 21,322 4,631 2,799 1,559 21,763 4,548 2,895 1,410 21,434 4,424 2,750 1,461 21,830 4,844 2,926 1,552 20,918 4,580 2,816 1,473 20,826 5,079 3,418 1,401 20,548 4,244 2,763 1,339 20,761 4,439 2,854 1,327 20,995 4,589 2,865 1,437 20,985 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. 3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. 4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Characteristic Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155,348 4,840 1,642 3,198 150,508 14,034 136,475 100,206 35,157 32,670 32,379 36,269 156,441 4,887 1,601 3,285 151,554 13,925 137,629 100,750 35,686 32,785 32,279 36,879 156,710 4,672 1,543 3,129 152,038 14,114 137,923 100,890 35,602 33,001 32,287 37,033 155,216 5,074 1,827 3,265 150,141 14,152 135,952 99,968 35,103 32,604 32,260 35,985 156,945 5,226 1,784 3,441 151,720 13,885 137,786 100,833 35,689 32,881 32,263 36,954 156,694 5,172 1,674 3,459 151,522 13,911 137,605 100,787 35,665 32,902 32,221 36,817 156,949 5,017 1,756 3,249 151,932 14,018 137,942 100,840 35,584 33,101 32,156 37,102 156,748 5,113 1,759 3,356 151,635 14,064 137,685 100,792 35,695 32,855 32,241 36,893 156,645 4,938 1,723 3,198 151,707 14,192 137,481 100,687 35,582 32,918 32,187 36,794 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82,610 2,368 774 1,594 80,242 7,204 73,038 53,721 18,944 17,667 17,110 19,317 82,606 2,311 793 1,518 80,295 7,015 73,280 53,825 19,294 17,635 16,897 19,455 82,963 2,252 821 1,430 80,711 7,161 73,551 53,870 19,170 17,815 16,884 19,681 82,599 2,492 850 1,651 80,108 7,271 72,835 53,659 18,949 17,633 17,077 19,176 83,041 2,540 848 1,686 80,501 7,044 73,435 53,774 19,165 17,701 16,908 19,661 83,031 2,559 805 1,735 80,472 7,101 73,398 53,808 19,132 17,772 16,904 19,591 83,095 2,384 860 1,535 80,712 7,148 73,566 53,858 19,119 17,899 16,840 19,708 83,034 2,470 882 1,594 80,564 7,120 73,520 53,968 19,314 17,720 16,933 19,553 82,959 2,383 893 1,486 80,576 7,203 73,379 53,813 19,186 17,768 16,859 19,566 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,738 2,472 868 1,603 70,266 6,829 63,437 46,485 16,213 15,003 15,269 16,952 73,835 2,576 808 1,767 71,259 6,910 64,349 46,925 16,392 15,151 15,382 17,424 73,747 2,420 721 1,699 71,327 6,954 64,373 47,020 16,432 15,186 15,402 17,352 72,616 2,583 977 1,614 70,033 6,881 63,117 46,309 16,155 14,971 15,183 16,809 73,904 2,686 936 1,755 71,218 6,841 64,352 47,059 16,524 15,180 15,355 17,293 73,663 2,613 869 1,723 71,049 6,810 64,206 46,979 16,533 15,130 15,317 17,227 73,854 2,633 896 1,714 71,221 6,870 64,377 46,983 16,465 15,202 15,316 17,394 73,715 2,643 877 1,762 71,072 6,944 64,164 46,824 16,381 15,135 15,308 17,340 73,687 2,555 830 1,712 71,131 6,989 64,102 46,874 16,396 15,150 15,327 17,228 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,195 36,386 9,492 45,865 36,841 9,708 45,927 36,414 9,698 45,991 36,122 – 45,984 36,379 – 45,819 36,504 – 45,893 36,574 – 45,867 36,566 – 45,734 36,206 – FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127,340 28,008 128,819 27,622 129,212 27,498 127,826 27,382 129,913 26,994 129,837 26,752 130,159 26,878 129,969 26,938 129,778 26,915 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,637 4.9 8,047 5.1 7,765 5.0 7,667 4.9 7,866 5.0 7,850 5.0 7,641 4.9 7,853 5.0 7,798 5.0 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,787 9,798 5,991 9,326 6,094 9,230 – 9,748 – 9,783 – 9,642 – 9,544 – 9,371 – 9,259 1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,335 755 296 466 5,580 1,015 4,598 3,522 1,598 999 925 1,107 6,211 748 254 486 5,463 1,095 4,359 3,373 1,487 930 955 1,012 5,824 740 273 451 5,085 993 4,132 3,159 1,434 898 827 978 3.9 13.0 13.9 12.5 3.6 6.7 3.3 3.4 4.4 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.9 12.5 13.8 12.1 3.5 7.2 3.1 3.2 3.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 4.0 12.9 14.4 12.2 3.7 7.6 3.3 3.3 3.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.8 13.4 16.0 12.2 3.5 7.2 3.1 3.2 4.0 2.6 2.9 2.7 3.8 12.8 12.6 12.7 3.5 7.2 3.1 3.2 4.0 2.8 2.9 2.7 3.6 13.0 13.7 12.4 3.2 6.5 2.9 3.0 3.9 2.7 2.5 2.6 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,502 447 176 276 3,055 604 2,488 1,856 892 486 479 632 3,408 398 116 274 3,009 690 2,327 1,765 750 505 510 562 3,221 424 127 297 2,797 601 2,226 1,703 719 497 487 522 4.1 15.2 17.2 14.3 3.7 7.7 3.3 3.3 4.5 2.7 2.7 3.2 3.9 13.7 14.9 13.7 3.6 7.8 3.1 3.2 3.7 2.8 3.0 3.0 4.1 14.1 15.6 13.1 3.7 8.4 3.3 3.3 4.0 2.9 2.9 3.3 3.9 15.1 18.0 14.0 3.5 7.6 3.1 3.2 3.9 2.6 3.0 2.8 3.9 13.9 11.7 14.7 3.6 8.8 3.1 3.2 3.7 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.7 15.1 12.5 16.6 3.4 7.7 2.9 3.1 3.6 2.7 2.8 2.6 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,833 308 119 190 2,525 411 2,110 1,666 707 513 446 485 2,803 350 137 212 2,453 404 2,032 1,608 737 426 445 463 2,604 316 146 154 2,288 392 1,906 1,456 715 401 340 468 3.8 10.7 10.9 10.5 3.5 5.6 3.2 3.5 4.2 3.3 2.9 2.8 3.8 11.3 12.9 10.5 3.5 6.5 3.1 3.3 4.2 2.7 2.8 2.8 3.9 11.7 13.3 11.2 3.6 6.7 3.2 3.3 3.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.8 11.8 14.0 10.6 3.4 6.8 3.1 3.2 4.2 2.6 2.8 2.6 3.7 11.7 13.5 10.7 3.3 5.5 3.1 3.3 4.3 2.7 2.8 2.6 3.4 11.0 15.0 8.3 3.1 5.3 2.9 3.0 4.2 2.6 2.2 2.6 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 905 548 912 892 479 821 668 501 2.1 2.4 5.5 2.1 2.3 4.5 2.1 2.4 5.4 1.9 2.3 4.9 1.9 2.4 4.7 1.8 1.8 4.9 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,150 1,204 5,026 1,224 4,680 1,163 3.9 4.2 3.7 4.8 4.0 4.2 3.8 4.1 3.7 4.3 3.5 4.1 1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Reason Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 2,805 713 2,092 1,415 677 761 1,836 530 3,098 1,029 2,069 1,470 599 763 1,982 539 2,484 574 1,910 1,287 623 685 1,761 457 2,965 865 2,100 1,418 682 812 2,001 615 2,903 762 2,141 1,432 710 839 1,958 588 3,082 937 2,144 1,427 717 805 1,945 606 2,857 820 2,037 1,300 737 840 1,905 623 2,837 878 1,960 1,379 580 779 2,007 614 2,651 717 1,934 1,302 632 737 1,926 530 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 47.3 12.0 35.3 12.8 31.0 8.9 48.5 16.1 32.4 12.0 31.1 8.4 46.1 10.6 35.5 12.7 32.7 8.5 46.4 13.5 32.8 12.7 31.3 9.6 46.2 12.1 34.1 13.3 31.1 9.3 47.9 14.6 33.3 12.5 30.2 9.4 45.9 13.2 32.7 13.5 30.6 10.0 45.5 14.1 31.4 12.5 32.2 9.8 45.4 12.3 33.1 12.6 33.0 9.1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 1.7 0.5 1.1 0.3 1.9 0.5 1.2 0.3 1.5 0.4 1.1 0.3 1.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.9 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.7 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.6 0.5 1.2 0.3 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Duration Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,782 1,666 2,483 1,158 1,325 1,868 2,017 2,496 1,111 1,385 1,585 1,572 2,231 997 1,234 2,121 1,975 2,330 1,018 1,311 2,126 2,027 2,203 897 1,306 2,325 2,013 2,153 902 1,252 2,194 1,810 2,214 942 1,271 2,126 1,815 2,256 950 1,305 1,904 1,842 2,084 854 1,230 Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 11.9 22.9 10.8 24.2 11.2 23.0 9.8 21.8 9.1 20.5 8.9 21.7 9.3 22.2 9.6 22.9 9.4 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.1 28.1 41.9 19.5 22.3 29.3 31.6 39.1 17.4 21.7 29.4 29.2 41.4 18.5 22.9 33.0 30.7 36.3 15.9 20.4 33.4 31.9 34.7 14.1 20.5 35.8 31.0 33.2 13.9 19.3 35.3 29.1 35.6 15.2 20.4 34.3 29.3 36.4 15.3 21.1 32.7 31.6 35.7 14.6 21.1 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employed Occupation Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Management, business, and financial operations occupations.................................................... . Professional and related occupations......................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations....................................................... . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations....................................................... . Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unemployment rates Unemployed Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 155,348 62,561 156,710 63,560 5,932 1,134 5,387 1,040 3.7 1.8 3.3 1.6 25,742 36,819 27,105 33,170 15,573 17,597 26,645 36,915 26,921 33,295 15,211 18,084 460 675 1,238 1,242 659 583 375 664 1,132 1,254 625 629 1.8 1.8 4.4 3.6 4.1 3.2 1.4 1.8 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.4 14,036 969 8,014 5,052 14,141 1,198 8,274 4,669 926 127 662 138 725 140 453 132 6.2 11.6 7.6 2.7 4.9 10.5 5.2 2.7 18,476 8,434 10,042 18,792 8,534 10,257 841 384 457 768 340 427 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Industry and class of worker Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government workers.................................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 5,932 4,533 39 623 521 308 212 843 207 62 155 596 555 719 212 137 433 300 5,387 4,254 17 439 483 265 218 829 255 87 210 611 512 647 164 121 347 208 3.7 3.6 4.7 6.5 3.3 3.1 3.5 4.2 3.0 2.3 1.6 3.5 2.3 5.2 3.1 9.0 2.0 2.9 3.3 3.3 2.4 4.7 3.0 2.6 3.6 4.3 3.4 3.5 2.1 3.5 2.1 4.5 2.5 7.3 1.6 2.2 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Not seasonally adjusted Measure U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.................................... . Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Dec. 2018 Jan. 2019 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 3.7 3.9 3.3 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.2 3.6 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.7 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.4 7.4 7.5 6.9 7.8 7.6 8.1 7.3 7.3 7.3 NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Category Apr. 2018 Men Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Women Apr. 2019 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2019 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers2........................................ . Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 95,992 5,010 1,362 408 955 96,596 4,951 1,417 454 963 38,453 2,294 706 242 463 39,087 2,420 742 288 455 57,539 2,716 657 165 491 57,510 2,531 674 166 508 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . Percent of total employed......................................... . Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,637 4.9 4,237 2,040 273 1,053 7,765 5.0 4,317 2,098 252 1,045 3,841 4.6 2,337 756 163 572 3,693 4.5 2,227 738 168 535 3,797 5.2 1,900 1,284 111 480 4,072 5.5 2,090 1,360 84 510 1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. 2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p 148,383 125,581 20,422 149,148 126,370 20,576 149,862 126,998 20,700 150,988 128,058 20,912 148,475 126,054 20,587 150,643 128,133 21,022 150,832 128,312 21,043 151,095 128,548 21,077 Change from: Mar.2019 Apr.2019p 263 236 34 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 47.6 665.9 142.1 188.5 51.8 41.0 744 45.7 698.0 150.5 189.2 52.5 40.8 746 45.1 701.2 152.0 191.3 52.6 40.9 743 42.4 700.9 151.1 194.0 52.5 41.0 723 49.9 672.8 143.7 189.8 51.7 41.4 755 46.1 708.5 151.8 195.4 52.6 41.1 756 46.3 709.6 152.5 195.9 52.8 41.2 753 44.6 708.0 152.5 195.7 52.4 41.4 -3 -1.7 -1.6 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 95.7 335.3 95.9 358.3 97.8 357.9 100.5 355.8 96.7 339.3 101.7 361.3 101.9 361.2 101.9 359.8 0.0 -1.4 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 7,129 1,596.0 784.6 811.4 1,020.3 4,512.8 1,984.3 2,528.5 7,066 1,602.9 806.4 796.5 970.8 4,491.9 1,963.6 2,528.3 7,174 1,616.1 814.4 801.7 1,002.1 4,555.7 1,991.3 2,564.4 7,385 1,633.5 824.2 809.3 1,069.6 4,681.5 2,038.0 2,643.5 7,230 1,616.3 795.1 821.2 1,038.3 4,575.3 2,011.3 2,564.0 7,433 1,653.5 832.1 821.4 1,075.2 4,704.1 2,055.3 2,648.8 7,453 1,656.4 836.6 819.8 1,077.9 4,718.2 2,062.0 2,656.2 7,486 1,654.3 834.1 820.2 1,087.8 4,743.4 2,065.1 2,678.3 33 -2.1 -2.5 0.4 9.9 25.2 3.1 22.1 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semiconductors and electronic components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,579 12,766 12,780 12,784 12,634 12,834 12,834 12,838 7,886 403.5 414.3 376.3 1,455.8 1,109.2 1,046.9 155.5 85.0 8,034 406.1 403.5 383.8 1,479.1 1,141.8 1,070.7 159.8 85.3 8,039 405.1 407.1 383.6 1,481.8 1,140.8 1,073.5 160.3 86.1 8,038 408.6 413.3 381.3 1,482.2 1,137.0 1,073.5 159.1 86.0 7,903 405.6 414.3 376.4 1,458.6 1,111.6 1,050.7 156.1 85.3 8,060 411.2 415.3 383.2 1,483.8 1,141.0 1,073.3 160.2 85.8 8,055 409.8 414.1 383.1 1,485.1 1,141.4 1,074.4 160.1 86.1 8,055 411.2 413.5 381.0 1,484.9 1,138.7 1,076.6 159.5 86.2 0 1.4 -0.6 -2.1 -0.2 -2.7 2.2 -0.6 0.1 367.6 405.8 374.9 417.8 375.7 418.4 374.5 421.1 368.7 407.1 375.3 418.6 375.6 419.3 375.3 422.2 -0.3 2.9 33.0 394.5 1,688.7 997.1 392.4 32.9 401.2 1,741.0 1,007.9 395.6 33.0 402.0 1,739.2 1,004.0 394.1 32.8 400.1 1,734.6 998.1 393.3 33.5 395.7 1,689.8 995.0 393.8 33.3 403.0 1,739.8 1,005.5 395.5 33.3 403.0 1,734.4 999.2 394.9 33.3 401.6 1,736.3 997.7 394.9 0.0 -1.4 1.9 -1.5 0.0 604.5 611.5 612.1 614.2 606.6 613.8 614.7 616.1 1.4 4,693 1,587.8 112.2 115.6 116.0 364.8 430.2 113.1 830.3 729.0 4,732 1,612.1 111.9 113.8 106.8 370.4 420.6 112.6 855.5 734.9 4,741 1,611.7 112.7 114.5 107.7 370.5 420.7 113.1 855.9 735.5 4,746 1,612.5 113.6 114.4 108.3 368.8 417.9 114.8 857.8 735.6 4,731 1,613.4 112.5 115.9 116.1 365.1 431.5 114.8 832.5 729.2 4,774 1,632.6 112.0 114.7 106.8 369.8 423.2 117.0 858.2 736.2 4,779 1,635.6 112.9 115.0 107.7 370.6 421.5 116.7 856.7 735.9 4,783 1,638.3 113.7 114.9 107.9 369.0 419.6 116.5 859.7 735.9 4 2.7 0.8 -0.1 0.2 -1.6 -1.9 -0.2 3.0 0.0 293.9 293.3 298.4 301.8 300.1 303.4 305.9 307.4 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105,159 105,794 106,298 107,146 105,467 107,111 107,269 107,471 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,354 27,474 27,495 27,567 27,589 27,827 27,815 27,820 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 4 5,805.0 3,127.2 2,139.1 5,888.8 3,190.9 2,144.4 5,895.6 3,195.7 2,150.2 5,915.3 3,204.0 2,160.1 5,821.4 3,135.2 2,144.3 5,921.6 3,202.0 2,163.6 5,921.5 3,205.1 2,163.9 5,931.4 3,212.2 2,164.6 1.5 202 5 9.9 7.1 0.7 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2019p Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Change from: Mar.2019 Apr.2019p Wholesale trade - Continued Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538.7 553.5 549.7 551.2 541.9 556.0 552.5 554.6 2.1 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden supply stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,681.4 2,012.0 1,293.2 159.2 559.6 473.7 489.0 15,567.4 2,020.7 1,300.7 151.2 568.8 483.7 471.9 15,577.1 2,032.7 1,304.8 153.8 574.1 484.8 468.4 15,625.6 2,049.2 1,311.0 161.1 577.1 480.8 467.3 15,838.0 2,014.1 1,296.7 158.4 559.0 479.8 495.7 15,816.6 2,038.9 1,307.2 159.0 572.7 485.7 474.2 15,800.9 2,043.0 1,308.9 157.9 576.2 488.1 472.5 15,788.9 2,050.5 1,314.0 160.2 576.3 486.9 472.4 -12.0 7.5 5.1 2.3 0.1 -1.2 -0.1 1,358.2 3,055.2 1,053.6 924.2 1,317.7 1,263.4 3,090.3 1,042.4 935.4 1,312.6 1,310.3 3,087.4 1,035.8 935.5 1,303.6 1,347.5 3,092.8 1,035.9 940.6 1,292.9 1,309.8 3,083.3 1,060.5 931.9 1,365.4 1,304.8 3,114.8 1,049.3 947.3 1,354.3 1,302.9 3,117.0 1,042.4 945.6 1,348.7 1,299.9 3,119.2 1,045.0 948.2 1,342.1 -3.0 2.2 2.6 2.6 -6.6 577.6 3,035.9 1,106.2 547.0 3,005.8 1,099.8 547.8 2,981.2 1,084.5 543.4 2,981.4 1,079.5 596.4 3,094.3 1,144.0 559.5 3,069.8 1,130.2 564.0 3,059.0 1,125.5 558.7 3,050.5 1,120.8 -5.3 -8.5 -4.7 1,929.7 821.1 563.2 1,906.0 817.2 577.0 1,896.7 814.2 575.4 1,901.9 822.3 571.5 1,950.3 834.1 572.7 1,939.6 836.5 581.5 1,933.5 836.3 581.4 1,929.7 835.2 580.3 -3.8 -1.1 -1.1 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transit and ground passenger transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,311.3 498.6 212.7 63.8 1,468.7 5,467.5 511.0 212.4 62.3 1,492.9 5,468.5 513.3 211.2 62.4 1,494.4 5,475.5 514.9 211.2 63.8 1,502.9 5,372.2 499.3 212.8 64.4 1,481.4 5,534.9 514.7 213.9 65.1 1,516.5 5,537.3 514.9 212.3 64.6 1,516.8 5,548.4 515.4 211.6 64.6 1,516.3 11.1 0.5 -0.7 0.0 -0.5 500.0 48.4 30.1 705.6 673.7 1,109.7 500.0 46.8 24.7 714.6 726.5 1,176.3 502.1 47.0 26.9 717.3 720.3 1,173.6 508.3 47.1 29.9 718.3 703.1 1,176.0 486.6 48.5 34.5 706.7 714.4 1,123.6 489.0 47.2 33.9 718.7 751.3 1,184.6 489.0 47.1 34.0 719.6 752.4 1,186.6 494.1 47.2 34.1 719.7 753.4 1,192.0 5.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 5.4 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.2 550.7 553.6 550.1 557.2 553.6 554.9 551.7 -3.2 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . Motion picture and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing, hosting and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,823 726.5 2,798 731.2 2,804 731.2 2,807 730.9 2,829 730.4 2,808 733.5 2,815 733.8 2,814 734.7 -1 0.9 442.6 270.6 752.9 410.2 270.6 732.5 417.1 269.8 730.3 423.2 268.4 722.6 438.7 270.4 756.6 416.8 271.1 730.9 424.1 269.0 730.1 420.6 268.5 727.0 -3.5 -0.5 -3.1 329.8 300.8 330.9 322.7 332.5 322.6 333.0 328.7 330.1 302.6 331.7 324.3 332.9 324.8 333.4 330.0 0.5 5.2 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . Credit intermediation and related activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . Activities related to credit intermediation.. . Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,496 6,281.3 19.3 8,571 6,310.3 19.6 8,592 6,314.1 19.6 8,605 6,310.9 19.6 8,541 6,303.3 19.4 8,626 6,323.8 19.7 8,639 6,329.5 19.7 8,651 6,332.9 19.7 12 3.4 0.0 2,636.7 1,711.6 1,321.0 617.1 308.0 2,630.0 1,712.9 1,313.4 608.5 308.6 2,623.1 1,709.3 1,311.0 608.1 305.7 2,619.3 1,705.2 1,304.8 607.9 306.2 2,645.9 1,714.9 1,322.3 622.3 308.8 2,635.4 1,714.9 1,313.2 612.0 308.5 2,631.3 1,710.6 1,310.3 613.7 306.9 2,629.9 1,708.9 1,306.2 613.6 307.3 -1.4 -1.7 -4.1 -0.1 0.4 948.6 2,676.7 2,214.8 1,637.9 554.4 963.8 2,696.9 2,260.2 1,670.3 567.3 965.1 2,706.3 2,277.4 1,677.1 577.6 965.5 2,706.5 2,293.7 1,686.4 584.5 953.2 2,684.8 2,237.8 1,650.0 565.0 967.4 2,701.3 2,302.6 1,691.3 588.2 969.4 2,709.1 2,309.8 1,693.6 593.1 970.3 2,713.0 2,317.6 1,699.0 595.5 0.9 3.9 7.8 5.4 2.4 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2019p Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Change from: Mar.2019 Apr.2019p Real estate and rental and leasing Continued Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 22.5 22.6 22.7 22.8 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.1 0.0 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer systems design and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific research and development services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other professional and technical services. . . Management of companies and enterprises. . . Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel arrangement and reservation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste management and remediation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,828 9,281.0 1,135.1 1,093.0 1,452.6 142.8 20,987 9,525.0 1,134.0 1,144.3 1,483.2 147.5 21,073 9,541.0 1,138.3 1,145.5 1,490.5 148.2 21,362 9,573.3 1,137.5 1,132.5 1,493.9 149.5 20,878 9,230.2 1,140.0 1,005.6 1,464.1 142.8 21,313 9,479.6 1,141.7 1,037.8 1,503.1 149.1 21,337 9,508.6 1,143.1 1,041.6 1,508.3 149.5 21,413 9,522.5 1,142.4 1,042.9 1,506.6 149.4 76 13.9 -0.7 1.3 -1.7 -0.1 2,096.0 2,166.9 2,162.3 2,191.0 2,102.4 2,169.4 2,182.7 2,196.8 14.1 1,461.2 1,505.6 1,504.3 1,513.2 1,469.0 1,518.6 1,520.8 1,521.7 0.9 680.4 490.0 729.9 2,348.8 9,198.2 8,767.6 511.3 151.7 3,595.7 2,937.5 888.8 713.5 487.5 742.5 2,392.6 9,069.2 8,625.7 520.5 155.2 3,569.5 2,908.5 894.4 715.9 488.4 747.6 2,396.4 9,135.7 8,690.0 522.8 155.6 3,582.8 2,924.8 887.5 719.2 485.3 751.2 2,404.3 9,384.1 8,933.4 531.2 154.4 3,649.4 2,985.6 883.9 683.8 490.4 732.0 2,359.8 9,288.4 8,854.2 512.6 151.8 3,667.2 2,999.1 897.1 717.3 490.5 752.1 2,405.2 9,428.0 8,977.1 523.9 155.8 3,715.0 3,040.5 893.3 719.9 489.6 753.2 2,408.2 9,420.6 8,968.3 526.1 155.6 3,707.9 3,034.7 891.1 723.1 485.8 753.8 2,415.0 9,475.4 9,021.4 531.9 154.8 3,723.1 3,052.6 893.0 3.2 -3.8 0.6 6.8 54.8 53.1 5.8 -0.8 15.2 17.9 1.9 220.5 937.5 2,137.4 324.7 212.8 937.8 2,005.2 330.3 214.3 945.5 2,050.5 331.0 216.0 948.8 2,206.3 343.4 219.7 941.6 2,139.8 324.5 215.8 949.2 2,189.1 335.0 215.5 952.5 2,187.1 332.5 215.4 953.3 2,207.7 342.3 -0.1 0.8 20.6 9.8 430.6 443.5 445.7 450.7 434.2 450.9 452.3 454.0 1.7 Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . Community care facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,705 3,878.3 19,827.0 15,898.2 7,442.3 2,606.8 945.6 921.3 925.5 274.1 1,459.8 24,130 3,914.5 20,215.7 16,224.9 7,651.1 2,653.9 974.1 956.4 964.7 286.5 1,509.6 24,204 3,921.1 20,283.2 16,272.2 7,682.5 2,661.1 978.5 956.7 967.8 288.1 1,520.7 24,296 3,942.5 20,353.1 16,303.9 7,707.9 2,666.9 979.9 962.8 966.2 288.7 1,532.0 23,542 3,705.4 19,836.9 15,930.9 7,455.1 2,612.4 949.3 921.6 926.5 274.2 1,461.8 23,999 3,755.0 20,243.6 16,259.9 7,669.6 2,659.1 976.5 959.4 964.8 286.9 1,515.8 24,068 3,759.3 20,308.2 16,307.4 7,699.9 2,666.6 981.3 961.1 966.6 288.1 1,526.0 24,130 3,769.0 20,360.8 16,334.4 7,717.1 2,671.6 983.4 963.4 966.8 288.7 1,531.9 62 9.7 52.6 27.0 17.2 5.0 2.1 2.3 0.2 0.6 5.9 309.2 5,114.2 3,341.7 1,602.7 640.0 305.9 5,206.0 3,367.8 1,601.6 645.8 309.6 5,217.3 3,372.4 1,600.7 650.0 311.4 5,218.9 3,377.1 1,599.1 648.7 309.3 5,123.5 3,352.3 1,608.4 640.8 307.2 5,211.6 3,378.7 1,605.9 647.4 310.2 5,220.9 3,386.6 1,608.2 651.3 311.2 5,229.2 3,388.1 1,605.1 649.9 1.0 8.3 1.5 -3.1 -1.4 933.9 165.1 3,928.8 2,447.2 171.4 327.6 982.6 950.4 170.0 3,990.8 2,498.6 177.1 326.1 989.0 951.4 170.3 4,011.0 2,513.2 176.6 328.4 992.8 959.5 169.8 4,049.2 2,548.3 176.0 326.6 998.3 937.5 165.6 3,906.0 2,443.8 171.3 329.1 961.9 954.7 170.7 3,983.7 2,502.7 175.9 329.4 975.8 955.9 171.2 4,000.8 2,517.5 175.9 331.1 976.3 962.9 170.3 4,026.4 2,543.8 176.2 328.3 978.1 7.0 -0.9 25.6 26.3 0.3 -2.8 1.8 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,132 2,310.3 522.5 15,997 2,225.7 471.1 16,253 2,299.9 492.1 16,586 2,424.5 538.4 16,262 2,375.8 504.0 16,646 2,472.3 517.0 16,683 2,480.9 517.5 16,717 2,490.3 519.5 34 9.4 2.0 165.4 158.6 164.3 172.7 168.9 174.2 174.8 176.1 1.3 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Change from: Mar.2019 Apr.2019p Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 1,622.4 13,821.9 1,976.9 11,845.0 1,596.0 13,771.4 1,955.9 11,815.5 1,643.5 13,953.1 1,979.5 11,973.6 1,713.4 14,161.2 1,999.6 12,161.6 1,702.9 13,886.1 2,023.0 11,863.1 1,781.1 14,173.5 2,045.5 12,128.0 1,788.6 14,202.4 2,046.6 12,155.8 1,794.7 14,226.8 2,046.0 12,180.8 6.1 24.4 -0.6 25.0 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership associations and organizations. . . 5,821 1,329.0 1,502.1 2,989.5 5,837 1,332.5 1,507.6 2,997.1 5,877 1,347.4 1,517.5 3,011.8 5,923 1,358.2 1,538.9 3,025.7 5,826 1,324.9 1,499.8 3,001.0 5,892 1,340.3 1,528.7 3,023.3 5,912 1,348.8 1,532.5 3,030.8 5,926 1,353.4 1,536.9 3,035.7 14 4.6 4.4 4.9 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 22,802 2,786.0 2,177.6 608.6 5,335.0 2,644.1 2,691.1 14,681.0 8,258.8 6,422.4 22,778 2,785.0 2,180.3 604.6 5,313.0 2,625.6 2,687.4 14,680.0 8,268.3 6,412.1 22,864 2,779.0 2,173.8 605.6 5,339.0 2,647.1 2,692.1 14,746.0 8,310.5 6,435.0 22,930 2,803.0 2,197.8 604.8 5,338.0 2,650.7 2,687.4 14,789.0 8,311.9 6,476.9 22,421 2,793.0 2,186.3 607.0 5,169.0 2,478.5 2,690.3 14,459.0 7,953.4 6,505.4 22,510 2,804.0 2,197.7 606.0 5,186.0 2,485.7 2,699.9 14,520.0 7,983.6 6,536.7 22,520 2,800.0 2,193.9 606.2 5,186.0 2,488.1 2,697.6 14,534.0 7,990.4 6,543.7 22,547 2,811.0 2,206.4 604.7 5,175.0 2,487.6 2,687.4 14,561.0 8,003.3 6,557.3 27 11.0 12.5 -1.5 -11.0 -0.5 -10.2 27.0 12.9 13.6 Industry Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 34.5 40.6 45.9 39.4 41.0 41.5 40.2 33.3 34.5 39.0 31.0 39.0 42.2 36.1 37.6 36.1 33.0 26.0 31.8 34.4 40.3 46.3 38.9 40.7 41.0 40.1 33.3 34.2 39.0 30.6 38.6 42.4 36.2 37.7 36.2 33.0 26.0 31.9 34.5 40.5 46.5 39.4 40.7 41.1 40.1 33.3 34.3 39.0 30.6 38.8 42.3 36.2 37.7 36.3 33.1 26.1 32.0 34.4 40.3 46.7 39.1 40.7 41.0 40.1 33.3 34.3 39.0 30.7 38.8 41.9 36.3 37.7 36.2 33.0 26.0 31.9 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 Industry p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.90 28.09 32.36 29.67 26.95 28.28 24.66 26.62 23.13 30.11 18.60 24.28 40.16 39.46 34.46 32.28 26.84 15.86 24.46 $27.66 28.68 33.06 30.42 27.43 28.88 24.92 27.42 23.94 31.06 19.40 24.59 41.71 41.56 35.53 33.17 27.48 16.37 24.97 $27.71 28.73 33.08 30.47 27.45 28.91 24.95 27.47 24.04 31.31 19.42 24.62 42.31 41.68 35.52 33.28 27.50 16.41 24.85 $27.77 28.80 33.45 30.60 27.47 28.94 24.93 27.53 24.01 31.15 19.47 24.66 41.82 41.64 35.75 33.40 27.53 16.45 24.91 $928.05 1,140.45 1,485.32 1,169.00 1,104.95 1,173.62 991.33 886.45 797.99 1,174.29 576.60 946.92 1,694.75 1,424.51 1,295.70 1,165.31 885.72 412.36 777.83 $951.50 1,155.80 1,530.68 1,183.34 1,116.40 1,184.08 999.29 913.09 818.75 1,211.34 593.64 949.17 1,768.50 1,504.47 1,339.48 1,200.75 906.84 425.62 796.54 $956.00 1,163.57 1,538.22 1,200.52 1,117.22 1,188.20 1,000.50 914.75 824.57 1,221.09 594.25 955.26 1,789.71 1,508.82 1,339.10 1,208.06 910.25 428.30 795.20 $955.29 1,160.64 1,562.12 1,196.46 1,118.03 1,186.54 999.69 916.75 823.54 1,214.85 597.73 956.81 1,752.26 1,511.53 1,347.78 1,209.08 908.49 427.70 794.63 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2 Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Percent change from: Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109.2 95.2 104.3 98.2 93.2 92.3 94.9 113.0 103.8 100.1 99.7 119.8 101.7 93.3 105.2 118.2 126.9 120.6 106.8 110.6 96.5 109.8 99.7 94.0 93.0 95.6 114.7 103.8 101.9 98.3 122.1 101.6 92.8 106.5 121.0 129.3 123.5 108.4 111.1 97.1 110.5 101.2 94.0 93.2 95.7 114.9 104.0 101.9 98.2 122.8 101.6 93.1 106.7 121.4 130.1 124.2 109.1 111.0 96.8 110.5 100.9 94.0 93.0 95.7 115.1 104.0 102.0 98.4 123.0 100.0 93.3 106.8 121.5 130.0 124.0 109.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 -1.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1 1 Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Percent change from: Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019p 140.4 120.9 135.5 126.6 116.8 116.0 118.8 146.2 129.4 126.1 122.6 147.5 135.0 131.0 141.4 154.5 163.8 154.4 143.2 146.3 125.1 145.8 131.7 119.9 119.3 120.8 152.9 133.9 132.3 126.0 152.3 140.0 137.4 147.6 162.5 171.0 163.1 148.3 147.2 126.1 146.7 134.0 120.0 119.7 121.1 153.4 134.8 133.4 126.0 153.4 142.0 138.1 147.8 163.6 172.1 164.5 148.6 147.3 126.0 148.4 134.2 120.1 119.5 121.1 154.0 134.6 132.9 126.6 153.9 138.2 138.3 148.9 164.4 172.2 164.6 148.8 0.1 -0.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.4 -0.1 -0.4 0.5 0.3 -2.7 0.1 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods................................. . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................... . Information........................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................... . Government............................................ . 73,646 60,757 4,534 91 923 3,520 1,860 1,660 56,223 11,080 1,728.8 7,892.3 1,329.2 129.4 1,115 4,830 9,440 18,142 8,532 3,084 12,889 74,994 62,009 4,676 96 960 3,620 1,919 1,701 57,333 11,161 1,778.3 7,862.0 1,388.8 131.8 1,116 4,878 9,680 18,530 8,821 3,147 12,985 75,133 62,131 4,689 97 963 3,629 1,925 1,704 57,442 11,148 1,778.6 7,846.0 1,390.7 132.6 1,119 4,887 9,702 18,583 8,846 3,157 13,002 75,298 62,278 4,701 97 964 3,640 1,931 1,709 57,577 11,160 1,787.5 7,834.7 1,405.7 132.0 1,120 4,887 9,734 18,638 8,873 3,165 13,020 49.6 48.2 22.0 12.6 12.8 27.9 23.5 35.1 53.3 40.2 29.7 49.8 24.7 23.2 39.4 56.6 45.2 77.1 52.5 52.9 57.5 49.8 48.4 22.2 12.7 12.9 28.2 23.8 35.6 53.5 40.1 30.0 49.7 25.1 23.8 39.7 56.5 45.4 77.2 53.0 53.4 57.7 49.8 48.4 22.3 12.8 12.9 28.3 23.9 35.7 53.5 40.1 30.0 49.7 25.1 23.9 39.8 56.6 45.5 77.2 53.0 53.4 57.7 49.8 48.4 22.3 12.9 12.9 28.4 24.0 35.7 53.6 40.1 30.1 49.6 25.3 23.9 39.8 56.5 45.5 77.2 53.1 53.4 57.7 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [In thousands] Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . Wholesale trade.................................................................. . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing............................................... . Utilities............................................................................. . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . 103,853 14,796 536 5,396 8,864 5,433 3,431 89,057 23,334 4,671.2 13,543.4 4,673.2 446.4 2,276 6,619 17,007 20,682 14,316 4,823 105,559 15,106 562 5,537 9,007 5,565 3,442 90,453 23,539 4,764.2 13,505.1 4,828.1 441.6 2,264 6,684 17,401 21,066 14,620 4,879 105,703 15,106 563 5,545 8,998 5,554 3,444 90,597 23,530 4,761.8 13,493.8 4,832.0 442.3 2,263 6,692 17,431 21,131 14,655 4,895 105,877 15,122 559 5,569 8,994 5,554 3,440 90,755 23,507 4,771.6 13,454.8 4,839.0 441.3 2,260 6,700 17,517 21,177 14,687 4,907 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 33.8 41.7 47.0 40.0 42.4 42.7 41.8 32.5 33.9 38.9 30.3 38.4 43.0 35.9 37.0 35.3 32.3 24.9 30.8 33.6 40.9 46.8 39.0 41.8 42.0 41.3 32.4 33.8 38.7 30.4 37.9 42.3 35.5 37.0 35.4 32.2 24.8 30.8 33.7 41.3 47.1 39.9 41.7 42.0 41.3 32.5 33.9 38.7 30.5 37.9 42.5 35.6 37.0 35.4 32.3 24.9 30.9 33.7 41.1 47.3 39.6 41.7 41.9 41.2 32.4 33.9 38.7 30.5 37.9 42.4 35.6 37.0 35.4 32.3 24.7 30.8 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 4.7 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 Industry 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $22.55 23.84 27.88 27.52 21.46 22.44 19.88 22.28 19.75 24.84 15.83 21.76 36.46 31.41 26.87 26.61 23.48 13.75 20.67 $23.17 24.41 29.11 28.19 21.92 22.86 20.37 22.91 20.33 25.78 16.27 22.27 36.94 33.15 27.47 27.26 24.10 14.28 21.22 $23.24 24.52 29.43 28.30 21.94 22.90 20.37 22.97 20.49 26.10 16.40 22.35 36.75 33.26 27.37 27.38 24.11 14.34 21.04 $23.31 24.60 29.98 28.41 21.97 22.91 20.42 23.04 20.54 26.01 16.51 22.40 36.70 33.30 27.50 27.45 24.16 14.36 21.12 $762.19 994.13 1,310.36 1,100.80 909.90 958.19 830.98 724.10 669.53 966.28 479.65 835.58 1,567.78 1,127.62 994.19 939.33 758.40 342.38 636.64 $778.51 998.37 1,362.35 1,099.41 916.26 960.12 841.28 742.28 687.15 997.69 494.61 844.03 1,562.56 1,176.83 1,016.39 965.00 776.02 354.14 653.58 $783.19 1,012.68 1,386.15 1,129.17 914.90 961.80 841.28 746.53 694.61 1,010.07 500.20 847.07 1,561.88 1,184.06 1,012.69 969.25 778.75 357.07 650.14 $785.55 1,011.06 1,418.05 1,125.04 916.15 959.93 841.30 746.50 696.31 1,006.59 503.56 848.96 1,556.08 1,185.48 1,017.50 971.73 780.37 354.69 650.50 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [2002=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3 Industry Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Percent change from: Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.0 94.3 133.9 108.1 86.3 87.2 84.5 123.3 110.5 107.8 103.8 135.0 98.2 93.3 115.3 134.2 142.4 130.6 104.2 118.2 94.4 139.8 108.1 86.4 87.8 83.8 124.8 111.1 109.4 103.9 137.6 95.5 91.7 116.4 137.7 144.6 132.8 105.4 118.7 95.3 140.9 110.8 86.1 87.6 83.8 125.4 111.4 109.4 104.2 137.7 96.1 92.0 116.6 138.0 145.5 133.7 106.1 118.9 95.0 140.5 110.4 86.1 87.4 83.5 125.2 111.3 109.6 103.8 137.9 95.7 91.8 116.7 138.6 145.8 132.9 106.0 0.2 -0.3 -0.3 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 0.1 0.4 0.2 -0.6 -0.1 1 Apr. 2018 Feb. 2019 Mar. 2019p Apr. 2019p Percent change from: Mar. 2019 Apr. 2019p 176.2 137.6 217.1 160.6 121.1 122.1 118.7 188.3 155.8 158.1 140.9 186.3 149.4 145.0 190.6 212.4 220.7 203.9 156.9 183.0 141.1 236.6 164.6 123.9 125.3 120.6 196.1 161.3 166.5 144.8 194.4 147.3 150.5 196.8 223.3 230.1 215.4 162.9 184.3 143.1 241.2 169.3 123.6 125.3 120.6 197.5 162.9 168.5 146.4 195.2 147.5 151.4 196.3 224.6 231.6 217.7 162.6 185.2 143.1 245.0 169.4 123.7 125.0 120.5 197.9 163.2 168.2 146.9 196.0 146.6 151.4 197.4 226.3 232.6 216.7 163.1 0.5 0.0 1.6 0.1 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.4 -0.6 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.4 -0.5 0.3 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.