Full text of The Employment Situation : April 2018
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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 4, 2018. USDL-18-0683 Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2018 Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 164,000 in April, and the unemployment rate edged down to 3.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in professional and business services, manufacturing, health care, and mining. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, April 2016 – April 2018 Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, seasonally adjusted, April 2016 – April 2018 Percent Thousands 6.0 400 350 5.5 300 5.0 250 200 4.5 150 4.0 100 50 3.5 0 3.0 Apr-16 -50 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Apr-18 Household Survey Data In April, the unemployment rate edged down to 3.9 percent, following 6 months at 4.1 percent. The number of unemployed persons, at 6.3 million, also edged down over the month. (See table A-1.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women decreased to 3.5 percent in April. The jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), teenagers (12.9 percent), Whites (3.6 percent), Blacks (6.6 percent), Asians (2.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.8 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs declined by 188,000 in April to 3.0 million. (See table A-11.) The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.3 million in April and accounted for 20.0 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number of longterm unemployed was down by 340,000. (See table A-12.) Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.8 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.3 percent, changed little in April. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 5.0 million in April. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) In April, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 172,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) Among the marginally attached, there were 408,000 discouraged workers in April, little changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.0 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 164,000 in April, compared with an average monthly gain of 191,000 over the prior 12 months. In April, job gains occurred in professional and business services, manufacturing, health care, and mining. (See table B-1.) In April, employment in professional and business services increased by 54,000. Over the past 12 months, the industry has added 518,000 jobs. Employment in manufacturing increased by 24,000 in April. Most of the gain was in the durable goods component, with machinery adding 8,000 jobs and employment in fabricated metal products continuing to trend up (+4,000). Manufacturing employment has risen by 245,000 over the year, with about threefourths of the growth in durable goods industries. Health care added 24,000 jobs in April and 305,000 jobs over the year. In April, employment rose in ambulatory health care services (+17,000) and hospitals (+8,000). In April, employment in mining increased by 8,000, with most of the gain occurring in support activities for mining (+7,000). Since a recent low in October 2016, employment in mining has risen by 86,000. Employment changed little over the month in other major industries, including construction, wholesale trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and government. -2- The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in April. In manufacturing, the workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 41.1 hours, while overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.7 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4 cents to $26.84. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 67 cents, or 2.6 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 5 cents to $22.51 in April. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised down from +326,000 to +324,000, and the change for March was revised up from +103,000 to +135,000. With these revisions, employment gains in February and March combined were 30,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 208,000 over the last 3 months. _____________ The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 1, 2018, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT). -3- HOUSEHOLD DATA Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Change from: Mar. 2018Apr. 2018 Apr. 2018 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force.......................................................... . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed.................................................................. . Employment-population ratio......................................... . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,588 160,181 62.9 153,161 60.2 7,021 4.4 94,407 256,934 161,921 63.0 155,215 60.4 6,706 4.1 95,012 257,097 161,763 62.9 155,178 60.4 6,585 4.1 95,335 257,272 161,527 62.8 155,181 60.3 6,346 3.9 95,745 175 -236 -0.1 3 -0.1 -239 -0.2 410 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 4.4 3.9 4.1 14.7 3.9 7.9 3.2 5.2 4.1 3.7 3.8 14.4 3.7 6.9 2.9 4.9 4.1 3.7 3.7 13.5 3.6 6.9 3.1 5.1 3.9 3.7 3.5 12.9 3.6 6.6 2.8 4.8 -0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.0 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 3.6 6.5 4.6 3.7 2.4 3.4 5.7 4.4 3.5 2.3 3.4 5.5 4.3 3.6 2.2 3.3 5.9 4.3 3.5 2.1 -0.1 0.4 0.0 -0.1 -0.1 Reason for unemployment Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers..................................................................... . Reentrants...................................................................... . New entrants................................................................... . 3,538 785 2,044 707 3,279 780 1,948 704 3,146 864 1,967 625 2,958 815 2,009 623 -188 -49 42 -2 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 weeks and over............................................................ . 2,300 2,140 1,087 1,633 2,508 1,906 934 1,397 2,287 2,009 880 1,322 2,115 2,017 1,036 1,293 -172 8 156 -29 Employed persons at work part time Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 5,309 3,183 1,787 20,406 5,160 3,302 1,541 21,061 5,019 3,005 1,625 21,399 4,985 2,994 1,586 21,258 -34 -11 -39 -141 Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted) Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers....................................................... . 1,534 455 1,602 373 1,454 450 1,362 408 – – - Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 174 16 11 -5 10 4 -0.2 6 158 5.6 -4.2 3.0 -0.6 -11 13 50 5.5 46 44.0 49 7 1 324 321 107 9 67 31 26 4.4 5 214 3.4 46.0 17.8 1.4 -1 29 61 22.2 32 43.8 18 7 3 135 135 20 8 -10 22 21 0.5 1 115 10.3 6.2 15.7 -0.3 6 4 39 -2.1 24 32.0 8 2 0 164 168 49 8 17 24 18 -0.9 6 119 -9.8 1.8 0.4 1.0 7 2 54 10.3 31 29.3 18 14 -4 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 149 225 228 212 215 208 208 Category WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2 Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)5 Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49.5 48.1 82.4 49.6 48.2 82.4 49.6 48.2 82.4 49.6 48.2 82.4 34.4 $26.17 $900.25 106.9 0.4 133.8 0.7 34.5 $26.74 $922.53 108.9 0.6 139.3 0.7 34.5 $26.80 $924.60 109.1 0.2 139.7 0.3 34.5 $26.84 $925.98 109.2 0.1 140.1 0.3 60.5 54.6 70.2 72.4 64.1 64.5 57.6 53.9 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. 4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. 5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 651,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: • The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. • The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. • The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,588 159,817 62.8 153,262 60.2 6,555 4.1 94,771 5,560 257,097 161,548 62.8 154,877 60.2 6,671 4.1 95,549 4,793 257,272 161,280 62.7 155,348 60.4 5,932 3.7 95,992 5,010 254,588 160,181 62.9 153,161 60.2 7,021 4.4 94,407 5,665 256,109 160,597 62.7 154,021 60.1 6,576 4.1 95,512 5,308 256,780 161,115 62.7 154,430 60.1 6,684 4.1 95,665 5,171 256,934 161,921 63.0 155,215 60.4 6,706 4.1 95,012 5,131 257,097 161,763 62.9 155,178 60.4 6,585 4.1 95,335 5,096 257,272 161,527 62.8 155,181 60.3 6,346 3.9 95,745 5,115 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,032 84,851 69.0 81,341 66.1 3,509 4.1 38,181 124,331 85,924 69.1 82,151 66.1 3,773 4.4 38,407 124,418 85,965 69.1 82,610 66.4 3,355 3.9 38,453 123,032 85,124 69.2 81,406 66.2 3,718 4.4 37,907 123,786 85,354 69.0 81,821 66.1 3,533 4.1 38,432 124,173 85,931 69.2 82,274 66.3 3,658 4.3 38,242 124,250 86,267 69.4 82,685 66.5 3,582 4.2 37,983 124,331 86,169 69.3 82,630 66.5 3,539 4.1 38,162 124,418 86,152 69.2 82,611 66.4 3,541 4.1 38,266 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,538 82,019 71.6 78,922 68.9 3,096 3.8 32,519 115,832 83,162 71.8 79,810 68.9 3,352 4.0 32,670 115,921 83,225 71.8 80,242 69.2 2,983 3.6 32,697 114,538 82,054 71.6 78,839 68.8 3,215 3.9 32,484 115,292 82,548 71.6 79,431 68.9 3,117 3.8 32,745 115,669 82,928 71.7 79,705 68.9 3,223 3.9 32,741 115,748 83,309 72.0 80,213 69.3 3,096 3.7 32,440 115,832 83,200 71.8 80,113 69.2 3,087 3.7 32,632 115,921 83,199 71.8 80,111 69.1 3,088 3.7 32,723 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,556 74,967 57.0 71,921 54.7 3,046 4.1 56,590 132,766 75,624 57.0 72,726 54.8 2,898 3.8 57,142 132,853 75,314 56.7 72,738 54.8 2,576 3.4 57,539 131,556 75,057 57.1 71,754 54.5 3,303 4.4 56,499 132,323 75,243 56.9 72,200 54.6 3,043 4.0 57,080 132,607 75,183 56.7 72,157 54.4 3,027 4.0 57,423 132,684 75,654 57.0 72,530 54.7 3,124 4.1 57,030 132,766 75,594 56.9 72,548 54.6 3,046 4.0 57,172 132,853 75,375 56.7 72,569 54.6 2,805 3.7 57,479 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,296 72,181 58.5 69,474 56.3 2,707 3.7 51,116 124,491 72,780 58.5 70,178 56.4 2,602 3.6 51,711 124,579 72,573 58.3 70,266 56.4 2,307 3.2 52,006 123,296 72,144 58.5 69,218 56.1 2,927 4.1 51,152 124,057 72,293 58.3 69,614 56.1 2,679 3.7 51,764 124,328 72,210 58.1 69,583 56.0 2,627 3.6 52,118 124,407 72,565 58.3 69,828 56.1 2,737 3.8 51,842 124,491 72,610 58.3 69,916 56.2 2,695 3.7 51,880 124,579 72,498 58.2 69,992 56.2 2,506 3.5 52,081 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,754 5,618 33.5 4,866 29.0 752 13.4 11,136 16,774 5,606 33.4 4,889 29.1 717 12.8 11,169 16,771 5,482 32.7 4,840 28.9 642 11.7 11,290 16,754 5,983 35.7 5,104 30.5 879 14.7 10,771 16,760 5,757 34.4 4,977 29.7 780 13.6 11,003 16,783 5,977 35.6 5,143 30.6 834 13.9 10,806 16,778 6,048 36.0 5,174 30.8 874 14.4 10,731 16,774 5,952 35.5 5,149 30.7 803 13.5 10,822 16,771 5,831 34.8 5,078 30.3 752 12.9 10,941 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 198,685 124,676 62.8 120,214 60.5 4,462 3.6 74,009 199,871 125,508 62.8 120,946 60.5 4,562 3.6 74,363 199,950 125,488 62.8 121,358 60.7 4,130 3.3 74,462 198,685 124,972 62.9 120,141 60.5 4,831 3.9 73,713 199,458 125,200 62.8 120,551 60.4 4,649 3.7 74,258 199,738 125,334 62.7 120,886 60.5 4,447 3.5 74,405 199,799 125,930 63.0 121,274 60.7 4,656 3.7 73,869 199,871 125,714 62.9 121,236 60.7 4,478 3.6 74,157 199,950 125,731 62.9 121,233 60.6 4,498 3.6 74,219 65,263 71.9 63,103 69.5 2,160 3.3 65,889 72.0 63,507 69.4 2,382 3.6 65,988 72.1 63,848 69.8 2,140 3.2 65,299 71.9 63,047 69.4 2,252 3.4 65,511 71.8 63,307 69.4 2,204 3.4 65,732 71.9 63,510 69.5 2,222 3.4 65,948 72.1 63,683 69.6 2,265 3.4 65,928 72.1 63,734 69.7 2,194 3.3 65,982 72.1 63,746 69.7 2,235 3.4 55,066 57.6 53,269 55.8 1,798 3.3 55,271 57.5 53,543 55.7 1,727 3.1 55,210 57.4 53,641 55.8 1,568 2.8 55,034 57.6 53,060 55.5 1,974 3.6 55,161 57.5 53,275 55.5 1,886 3.4 54,896 57.2 53,255 55.5 1,641 3.0 55,243 57.5 53,448 55.7 1,795 3.3 55,176 57.4 53,385 55.6 1,791 3.2 55,179 57.4 53,429 55.6 1,750 3.2 4,346 35.2 3,842 31.1 504 11.6 4,348 35.3 3,895 31.6 453 10.4 4,290 34.8 3,868 31.4 421 9.8 4,638 37.6 4,034 32.7 605 13.0 4,528 36.7 3,970 32.2 559 12.3 4,705 38.1 4,121 33.4 584 12.4 4,738 38.4 4,143 33.6 595 12.6 4,610 37.4 4,117 33.4 492 10.7 4,570 37.1 4,057 32.9 512 11.2 32,161 20,046 62.3 18,577 57.8 1,469 7.3 12,116 32,638 20,347 62.3 18,955 58.1 1,392 6.8 12,291 32,672 20,172 61.7 18,953 58.0 1,219 6.0 12,500 32,161 20,097 62.5 18,507 57.5 1,590 7.9 12,064 32,436 20,153 62.1 18,790 57.9 1,362 6.8 12,283 32,575 20,211 62.0 18,663 57.3 1,548 7.7 12,364 32,607 20,495 62.9 19,087 58.5 1,408 6.9 12,112 32,638 20,466 62.7 19,051 58.4 1,415 6.9 12,172 32,672 20,220 61.9 18,892 57.8 1,328 6.6 12,452 9,135 68.1 8,505 63.4 630 6.9 9,258 67.8 8,670 63.5 588 6.4 9,248 67.6 8,681 63.5 567 6.1 9,153 68.2 8,485 63.2 668 7.3 9,178 67.7 8,576 63.2 601 6.6 9,254 67.9 8,564 62.9 690 7.5 9,438 69.2 8,880 65.1 558 5.9 9,314 68.2 8,749 64.1 564 6.1 9,257 67.7 8,663 63.3 594 6.4 10,185 62.8 9,530 58.7 655 6.4 10,335 62.7 9,720 59.0 616 6.0 10,239 62.1 9,764 59.2 475 4.6 10,166 62.6 9,467 58.3 699 6.9 10,252 62.6 9,657 59.0 595 5.8 10,197 62.0 9,524 57.9 673 6.6 10,254 62.3 9,622 58.5 632 6.2 10,337 62.7 9,713 59.0 624 6.0 10,229 62.0 9,707 58.9 522 5.1 726 28.9 542 21.6 184 25.3 754 30.1 566 22.6 189 25.0 685 27.4 508 20.3 177 25.8 778 31.0 555 22.1 224 28.7 723 28.8 557 22.2 166 22.9 759 30.3 575 22.9 185 24.3 803 32.0 584 23.3 219 27.2 816 32.6 588 23.5 227 27.9 734 29.3 521 20.8 213 29.0 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apr. 2017 15,389 9,749 63.4 9,448 61.4 301 3.1 5,640 Mar. 2018 15,983 10,138 63.4 9,833 61.5 305 3.0 5,845 Apr. 2018 15,933 10,034 63.0 9,765 61.3 269 2.7 5,898 Apr. 2017 15,389 9,756 63.4 9,444 61.4 311 3.2 5,633 Dec. 2017 15,610 9,782 62.7 9,536 61.1 246 2.5 5,829 Jan. 2018 15,731 9,885 62.8 9,584 60.9 300 3.0 5,846 Feb. 2018 15,792 9,908 62.7 9,617 60.9 291 2.9 5,884 Mar. 2018 15,983 10,092 63.1 9,780 61.2 313 3.1 5,891 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Apr. 2018 15,933 10,034 63.0 9,755 61.2 280 2.8 5,898 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 41,162 27,155 66.0 25,897 62.9 1,258 4.6 14,007 42,419 27,926 65.8 26,463 62.4 1,463 5.2 14,493 42,507 28,193 66.3 26,970 63.4 1,223 4.3 14,314 41,162 27,229 66.2 25,824 62.7 1,405 5.2 13,933 41,831 27,498 65.7 26,141 62.5 1,356 4.9 14,334 42,249 27,826 65.9 26,432 62.6 1,393 5.0 14,423 42,335 28,021 66.2 26,646 62.9 1,375 4.9 14,315 42,419 27,922 65.8 26,500 62.5 1,421 5.1 14,497 42,507 28,229 66.4 26,860 63.2 1,368 4.8 14,278 14,890 80.3 14,331 77.3 559 3.8 15,369 80.3 14,624 76.4 744 4.8 15,517 80.9 14,949 77.9 568 3.7 14,924 80.5 14,296 77.1 628 4.2 15,084 80.1 14,507 77.0 577 3.8 15,320 80.4 14,659 76.9 661 4.3 15,319 80.2 14,723 77.1 595 3.9 15,370 80.3 14,688 76.7 682 4.4 15,535 81.0 14,901 77.7 635 4.1 11,098 59.0 10,538 56.1 561 5.1 11,270 58.2 10,711 55.3 559 5.0 11,437 59.0 10,929 56.3 508 4.4 11,072 58.9 10,479 55.7 593 5.4 11,189 58.5 10,598 55.4 591 5.3 11,257 58.4 10,737 55.7 520 4.6 11,410 59.1 10,815 56.0 595 5.2 11,230 58.0 10,677 55.2 553 4.9 11,398 58.8 10,856 56.0 541 4.7 1,166 30.4 1,028 26.8 138 11.9 1,287 32.9 1,128 28.8 159 12.4 1,239 31.6 1,091 27.8 148 11.9 1,233 32.2 1,049 27.4 184 14.9 1,225 31.6 1,037 26.8 188 15.4 1,249 32.0 1,036 26.5 213 17.0 1,292 33.0 1,108 28.3 184 14.2 1,321 33.7 1,135 29.0 186 14.1 1,296 33.0 1,103 28.1 192 14.8 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,249 45.6 9,594 42.7 656 6.4 10,180 45.5 9,519 42.5 661 6.5 10,438 46.6 9,836 43.9 603 5.8 10,074 44.8 9,417 41.9 657 6.5 10,148 44.8 9,507 42.0 641 6.3 10,274 44.8 9,715 42.3 559 5.4 10,258 46.8 9,673 44.1 584 5.7 10,234 45.7 9,666 43.2 568 5.5 10,285 45.9 9,683 43.3 602 5.9 High school graduates, no college1 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,186 58.0 34,603 55.4 1,583 4.4 35,969 57.3 34,290 54.6 1,679 4.7 35,538 57.0 34,086 54.7 1,451 4.1 36,079 57.8 34,417 55.1 1,662 4.6 35,927 57.8 34,425 55.4 1,503 4.2 35,735 57.5 34,134 54.9 1,601 4.5 36,092 57.5 34,487 55.0 1,604 4.4 35,863 57.1 34,305 54.6 1,559 4.3 35,468 56.9 33,940 54.5 1,528 4.3 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,854 65.8 36,532 63.5 1,321 3.5 37,550 65.5 36,175 63.1 1,375 3.7 38,056 65.6 36,818 63.5 1,238 3.3 37,844 65.8 36,445 63.4 1,399 3.7 37,906 66.2 36,534 63.8 1,372 3.6 37,863 66.0 36,566 63.7 1,297 3.4 37,573 65.5 36,248 63.2 1,325 3.5 37,589 65.6 36,241 63.2 1,348 3.6 37,944 65.5 36,629 63.2 1,315 3.5 Bachelor’s degree and higher2 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,821 74.1 53,585 72.4 1,236 2.3 57,097 74.6 55,846 73.0 1,251 2.2 56,823 74.2 55,735 72.8 1,088 1.9 54,832 74.1 53,500 72.3 1,331 2.4 55,852 73.5 54,653 71.9 1,200 2.1 55,922 73.4 54,720 71.8 1,202 2.1 56,669 73.7 55,386 72.0 1,283 2.3 56,785 74.2 55,534 72.6 1,252 2.2 56,794 74.2 55,616 72.6 1,178 2.1 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Apr. 2017 Men Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Women Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,615 10,344 50.2 9,964 48.3 380 3.7 10,271 19,280 9,582 49.7 9,231 47.9 351 3.7 9,698 18,589 9,154 49.2 8,817 47.4 337 3.7 9,435 17,418 8,446 48.5 8,117 46.6 329 3.9 8,972 2,026 1,190 58.8 1,147 56.6 43 3.6 836 1,862 1,136 61.0 1,114 59.8 22 1.9 726 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,104 3,274 79.8 3,145 76.6 129 3.9 830 4,070 3,356 82.5 3,193 78.5 163 4.9 714 3,379 2,781 82.3 2,676 79.2 104 3.8 598 3,378 2,849 84.3 2,702 80.0 147 5.2 529 725 493 68.0 468 64.6 25 5.0 232 692 507 73.3 491 70.9 16 3.2 185 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,314 2,643 79.7 2,544 76.8 99 3.7 671 3,134 2,441 77.9 2,397 76.5 43 1.8 694 2,815 2,262 80.4 2,176 77.3 86 3.8 553 2,638 2,085 79.0 2,044 77.5 41 2.0 553 499 381 76.3 368 73.7 13 3.3 119 496 355 71.6 353 71.2 2 0.6 141 World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,134 1,972 24.2 1,900 23.4 72 3.6 6,162 7,714 1,628 21.1 1,576 20.4 52 3.2 6,086 7,840 1,915 24.4 1,843 23.5 72 3.7 5,925 7,452 1,569 21.0 1,516 20.3 52 3.3 5,883 294 57 19.3 57 19.3 0 – 237 262 60 22.7 60 22.7 0 – 202 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,063 2,456 48.5 2,376 46.9 80 3.3 2,607 4,362 2,158 49.5 2,065 47.3 93 4.3 2,204 4,555 2,196 48.2 2,122 46.6 74 3.4 2,359 3,950 1,944 49.2 1,854 46.9 89 4.6 2,006 508 260 51.2 254 50.0 6 2.3 248 412 214 52.0 211 51.2 3 1.5 198 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225,046 147,418 65.5 141,599 62.9 5,819 3.9 77,628 229,048 149,781 65.4 144,475 63.1 5,306 3.5 79,267 99,978 74,682 74.7 71,671 71.7 3,011 4.0 25,296 102,525 76,583 74.7 73,719 71.9 2,864 3.7 25,942 125,068 72,736 58.2 69,928 55.9 2,808 3.9 52,332 126,524 73,198 57.9 70,756 55.9 2,442 3.3 53,326 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Persons with a disability Employment status, sex, and age Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 Persons with no disability Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 30,612 6,166 20.1 5,509 18.0 657 10.7 24,447 30,307 6,337 20.9 5,828 19.2 509 8.0 23,970 223,976 153,652 68.6 147,754 66.0 5,898 3.8 70,324 226,965 154,942 68.3 149,520 65.9 5,423 3.5 72,022 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,700 34.3 2,352 29.8 348 12.9 5,181 2,746 36.6 2,474 33.0 272 9.9 4,746 76,784 82.4 73,794 79.2 2,989 3.9 16,350 77,722 82.6 74,799 79.5 2,923 3.8 16,384 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,411 29.8 2,157 26.6 254 10.5 5,691 2,451 30.7 2,256 28.2 194 7.9 5,538 68,236 70.9 65,627 68.2 2,610 3.8 27,994 68,401 70.7 66,123 68.3 2,279 3.3 28,377 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 1,055 7.2 999 6.8 55 5.2 13,574 1,141 7.7 1,098 7.4 43 3.8 13,685 8,632 24.9 8,333 24.1 299 3.5 25,979 8,819 24.4 8,598 23.8 222 2.5 27,261 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status and nativity Apr. 2017 Men Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Women Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 41,567 27,402 65.9 26,354 63.4 1,049 3.8 14,165 43,164 28,266 65.5 27,300 63.2 967 3.4 14,898 20,238 15,816 78.2 15,300 75.6 516 3.3 4,422 21,041 16,398 77.9 15,961 75.9 437 2.7 4,643 21,329 11,586 54.3 11,054 51.8 532 4.6 9,743 22,123 11,868 53.6 11,338 51.2 530 4.5 10,255 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 213,021 132,415 62.2 126,908 59.6 5,507 4.2 80,606 214,107 133,014 62.1 128,049 59.8 4,965 3.7 81,094 102,794 69,035 67.2 66,042 64.2 2,993 4.3 33,759 103,377 69,568 67.3 66,649 64.5 2,919 4.2 33,810 110,227 63,380 57.5 60,867 55.2 2,514 4.0 46,847 110,730 63,446 57.3 61,400 55.5 2,046 3.2 47,284 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Category CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government.................................... . Private industries.............................. . Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other industries............................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2 All industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 2,587 1,663 900 24 150,676 142,061 20,901 121,160 680 120,480 8,563 53 2,266 1,409 840 17 152,611 143,601 21,368 122,233 781 121,452 8,959 50 2,230 1,438 759 33 153,119 144,009 21,453 122,556 780 121,776 9,039 70 2,631 1,727 871 – 150,515 141,882 20,723 121,254 – 120,591 8,532 – 2,552 1,717 793 – 151,478 142,505 20,642 121,900 – 121,206 8,970 – 2,513 1,712 781 – 151,894 142,828 20,815 122,022 – 121,349 8,991 – 2,474 1,679 768 – 152,713 143,656 20,986 122,693 – 121,957 8,944 – 2,314 1,495 803 – 152,747 143,688 20,957 122,761 – 121,977 8,990 – 2,294 1,517 745 – 152,889 143,785 21,222 122,616 – 121,858 8,995 – 5,058 3,059 1,767 21,257 5,080 3,023 1,738 21,817 4,734 2,867 1,573 22,132 5,309 3,183 1,787 20,406 4,915 3,097 1,570 21,122 4,989 3,009 1,663 20,867 5,160 3,302 1,541 21,061 5,019 3,005 1,625 21,399 4,985 2,994 1,586 21,258 4,990 3,019 1,750 20,849 4,975 2,966 1,726 21,382 4,631 2,799 1,559 21,763 5,243 3,129 1,772 20,010 4,856 3,049 1,563 20,703 4,926 2,965 1,659 20,434 5,091 3,258 1,533 20,641 4,944 2,940 1,619 20,999 4,898 2,923 1,575 20,891 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. 3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. 4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Characteristic Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153,262 4,866 1,699 3,167 148,396 14,082 134,314 98,920 34,455 31,833 32,633 35,394 154,877 4,889 1,701 3,188 149,988 14,158 135,830 100,015 35,105 32,410 32,500 35,814 155,348 4,840 1,642 3,198 150,508 14,034 136,475 100,206 35,157 32,670 32,379 36,269 153,161 5,104 1,882 3,237 148,057 14,223 133,792 98,693 34,405 31,794 32,494 35,099 154,021 4,977 1,907 3,075 149,045 13,936 135,083 99,535 34,606 32,304 32,625 35,548 154,430 5,143 1,915 3,221 149,287 14,153 135,129 99,674 34,768 32,380 32,526 35,455 155,215 5,174 1,915 3,293 150,041 14,213 135,856 100,120 34,975 32,503 32,642 35,735 155,178 5,149 1,892 3,261 150,028 14,334 135,779 100,051 35,106 32,462 32,484 35,728 155,181 5,078 1,838 3,257 150,102 14,172 135,906 99,965 35,083 32,614 32,268 35,941 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,341 2,419 853 1,566 78,922 7,214 71,708 52,800 18,415 17,234 17,151 18,908 82,151 2,341 771 1,570 79,810 7,325 72,485 53,460 18,900 17,492 17,069 19,025 82,610 2,368 774 1,594 80,242 7,204 73,038 53,721 18,944 17,667 17,110 19,317 81,406 2,567 947 1,631 78,839 7,301 71,535 52,770 18,430 17,223 17,117 18,765 81,821 2,391 848 1,540 79,431 7,203 72,226 53,308 18,612 17,450 17,246 18,918 82,274 2,569 920 1,638 79,705 7,339 72,388 53,441 18,773 17,447 17,221 18,947 82,685 2,472 872 1,617 80,213 7,392 72,822 53,764 18,925 17,592 17,247 19,058 82,630 2,517 891 1,639 80,113 7,445 72,707 53,647 18,942 17,576 17,130 19,060 82,611 2,500 858 1,651 80,111 7,291 72,840 53,686 18,946 17,644 17,096 19,154 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,921 2,447 846 1,601 69,474 6,868 62,606 46,120 16,039 14,599 15,481 16,486 72,726 2,548 930 1,618 70,178 6,834 63,344 46,555 16,206 14,918 15,431 16,789 72,738 2,472 868 1,603 70,266 6,829 63,437 46,485 16,213 15,003 15,269 16,952 71,754 2,537 935 1,606 69,218 6,922 62,257 45,923 15,975 14,571 15,377 16,334 72,200 2,586 1,059 1,535 69,614 6,733 62,857 46,227 15,994 14,853 15,380 16,630 72,157 2,574 995 1,583 69,583 6,814 62,742 46,233 15,995 14,933 15,305 16,508 72,530 2,702 1,044 1,676 69,828 6,821 63,033 46,356 16,050 14,911 15,395 16,677 72,548 2,632 1,001 1,622 69,916 6,889 63,071 46,404 16,164 14,886 15,354 16,667 72,569 2,578 980 1,606 69,992 6,882 63,067 46,280 16,137 14,970 15,172 16,787 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,135 36,079 9,654 45,870 35,912 9,595 46,195 36,386 9,492 46,001 35,878 – 45,439 35,813 – 45,714 35,768 – 45,863 35,632 – 45,865 35,564 – 45,995 36,140 – FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125,532 27,731 126,424 28,453 127,340 28,008 125,963 27,204 126,723 27,257 127,016 27,271 127,745 27,548 127,434 27,858 127,753 27,508 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,609 5.0 7,771 5.0 7,637 4.9 7,635 5.0 7,647 5.0 7,845 5.1 7,864 5.1 7,609 4.9 7,667 4.9 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,861 9,463 5,891 9,799 5,787 9,798 – 9,403 – 9,763 – 9,773 – 9,713 – 9,793 – 9,741 1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,021 879 374 493 6,141 1,122 5,030 3,910 1,594 1,182 1,135 1,157 6,585 803 332 469 5,782 1,018 4,769 3,591 1,541 1,065 985 1,176 6,346 752 294 473 5,594 1,018 4,613 3,543 1,627 995 921 1,105 4.4 14.7 16.6 13.2 4.0 7.3 3.6 3.8 4.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 4.1 13.6 15.2 13.2 3.7 7.1 3.4 3.4 4.5 3.0 2.7 3.3 4.1 13.9 15.0 13.3 3.8 7.4 3.4 3.5 4.3 3.1 3.0 3.0 4.1 14.4 15.5 13.7 3.7 6.8 3.4 3.5 4.4 3.1 2.9 3.2 4.1 13.5 14.9 12.6 3.7 6.6 3.4 3.5 4.2 3.2 2.9 3.2 3.9 12.9 13.8 12.7 3.6 6.7 3.3 3.4 4.4 3.0 2.8 3.0 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,718 503 178 324 3,215 669 2,555 1,938 838 601 499 617 3,539 452 171 277 3,087 600 2,483 1,863 811 538 514 620 3,541 453 178 283 3,088 605 2,506 1,869 911 482 476 637 4.4 16.4 15.9 16.6 3.9 8.4 3.4 3.5 4.4 3.4 2.8 3.2 4.1 14.8 15.7 15.0 3.8 7.9 3.3 3.3 4.3 2.6 2.8 3.4 4.3 14.5 13.0 14.9 3.9 8.2 3.4 3.4 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.3 4.2 16.4 17.1 16.1 3.7 7.6 3.3 3.2 4.1 2.7 2.8 3.5 4.1 15.2 16.1 14.5 3.7 7.5 3.3 3.4 4.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 4.1 15.3 17.2 14.6 3.7 7.7 3.3 3.4 4.6 2.7 2.7 3.2 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,303 376 195 169 2,927 453 2,475 1,972 755 581 636 546 3,046 351 161 192 2,695 419 2,286 1,729 731 527 471 542 2,805 299 116 191 2,506 413 2,107 1,673 716 513 445 483 4.4 12.9 17.3 9.5 4.1 6.1 3.8 4.1 4.5 3.8 4.0 3.2 4.0 12.3 14.7 11.3 3.7 6.2 3.5 3.6 4.6 3.4 2.6 3.2 4.0 13.4 16.7 11.7 3.6 6.5 3.3 3.6 4.7 3.1 2.8 2.5 4.1 12.5 14.0 11.4 3.8 6.0 3.5 3.8 4.7 3.5 3.0 2.8 4.0 11.8 13.8 10.6 3.7 5.7 3.5 3.6 4.3 3.4 3.0 3.2 3.7 10.4 10.6 10.6 3.5 5.7 3.2 3.5 4.2 3.3 2.8 2.8 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,134 1,017 615 1,006 957 569 997 903 548 2.4 2.8 6.0 2.2 2.6 5.3 2.3 2.4 6.5 2.1 2.7 6.2 2.1 2.6 5.6 2.1 2.4 5.5 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,628 1,417 5,271 1,303 5,193 1,200 4.3 5.0 4.0 4.5 4.0 4.7 4.1 4.5 4.0 4.5 3.9 4.2 1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Reason Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 3,369 794 2,576 1,795 781 726 1,858 602 3,375 1,007 2,368 1,696 672 850 1,912 534 2,805 713 2,092 1,415 677 761 1,836 530 3,538 946 2,592 1,798 794 785 2,044 707 3,254 915 2,339 1,636 703 715 2,003 581 3,273 912 2,361 1,652 709 716 1,958 645 3,279 878 2,401 1,709 692 780 1,948 704 3,146 865 2,281 1,645 637 864 1,967 625 2,958 862 2,096 1,418 678 815 2,009 623 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 51.4 12.1 39.3 11.1 28.4 9.2 50.6 15.1 35.5 12.7 28.7 8.0 47.3 12.0 35.3 12.8 31.0 8.9 50.0 13.4 36.6 11.1 28.9 10.0 49.7 14.0 35.7 10.9 30.6 8.9 49.6 13.8 35.8 10.9 29.7 9.8 48.9 13.1 35.8 11.6 29.0 10.5 47.7 13.1 34.6 13.1 29.8 9.5 46.2 13.5 32.7 12.7 31.4 9.7 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 2.1 0.5 1.2 0.4 2.1 0.5 1.2 0.3 1.7 0.5 1.1 0.3 2.2 0.5 1.3 0.4 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.4 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.4 2.0 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.9 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Duration Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,953 1,735 2,868 1,206 1,662 1,994 2,203 2,475 1,059 1,416 1,782 1,666 2,483 1,158 1,325 2,300 2,140 2,719 1,087 1,633 2,235 1,994 2,397 882 1,515 2,280 1,943 2,402 981 1,421 2,508 1,906 2,330 934 1,397 2,287 2,009 2,202 880 1,322 2,115 2,017 2,329 1,036 1,293 Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.7 12.1 24.8 10.2 24.2 11.9 24.3 10.3 23.6 9.1 24.1 9.4 22.9 9.3 24.1 9.1 23.1 9.8 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.8 26.5 43.7 18.4 25.4 29.9 33.0 37.1 15.9 21.2 30.1 28.1 41.9 19.5 22.3 32.1 29.9 38.0 15.2 22.8 33.7 30.1 36.2 13.3 22.9 34.4 29.3 36.3 14.8 21.5 37.2 28.3 34.6 13.8 20.7 35.2 30.9 33.9 13.5 20.3 32.7 31.2 36.0 16.0 20.0 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employed Occupation Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Management, business, and financial operations occupations.................................................... . Professional and related occupations......................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations....................................................... . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations....................................................... . Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unemployment rates Unemployed Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 153,262 61,317 155,348 62,561 6,555 1,254 5,932 1,134 4.1 2.0 3.7 1.8 25,455 35,862 26,370 33,529 15,838 17,692 25,742 36,819 27,105 33,170 15,573 17,597 581 673 1,426 1,337 688 650 460 675 1,238 1,242 659 583 2.2 1.8 5.1 3.8 4.2 3.5 1.8 1.8 4.4 3.6 4.1 3.2 14,174 1,225 7,930 5,019 14,036 969 8,014 5,052 925 120 657 149 926 127 662 138 6.1 8.9 7.6 2.9 6.2 11.6 7.6 2.7 17,871 8,491 9,380 18,476 8,434 10,042 994 432 562 841 384 457 5.3 4.8 5.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Industry and class of worker Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government workers.................................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 6,555 5,121 36 585 620 389 230 844 216 107 229 819 612 819 234 118 379 335 5,932 4,533 39 623 521 308 212 843 207 62 155 596 555 719 212 137 433 300 4.1 4.1 4.7 6.3 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.5 4.1 2.3 4.9 2.6 5.9 3.4 6.9 1.8 3.4 3.7 3.6 4.7 6.5 3.3 3.1 3.5 4.2 3.0 2.3 1.6 3.5 2.3 5.2 3.1 9.0 2.0 2.9 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Not seasonally adjusted Measure U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.................................... . Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Dec. 2017 Jan. 2018 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 4.1 4.1 3.7 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 5.0 5.0 4.5 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 8.1 8.1 7.4 8.6 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.8 NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Category Apr. 2017 Men Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Women Apr. 2018 Apr. 2017 Apr. 2018 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers2........................................ . Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 94,771 5,560 1,534 455 1,080 95,992 5,010 1,362 408 955 38,181 2,605 855 319 535 38,453 2,294 706 242 463 56,590 2,955 680 135 544 57,539 2,716 657 165 491 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . Percent of total employed......................................... . Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,609 5.0 4,184 2,027 304 1,043 7,637 4.9 4,237 2,040 273 1,053 3,782 4.6 2,285 707 185 582 3,841 4.6 2,337 756 163 572 3,827 5.3 1,900 1,319 119 461 3,797 5.2 1,900 1,284 111 480 1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. 2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p 146,101 123,388 19,825 146,674 124,042 20,037 147,369 124,675 20,173 148,367 125,663 20,396 146,144 123,829 19,998 148,125 125,803 20,490 148,260 125,938 20,510 148,424 126,106 20,559 Change from: Mar.2018 Apr.2018p 164 168 49 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 47.6 612.3 143.8 184.8 51.5 38.6 702 49.7 652.6 145.8 180.3 51.9 38.5 711 48.6 662.3 148.8 182.0 51.9 38.5 719 47.4 671.7 149.3 185.2 52.7 38.2 671 50.6 620.0 145.7 185.5 51.8 39.0 714 50.4 663.4 147.7 186.5 52.2 38.6 722 50.2 671.4 149.7 186.6 52.3 38.7 730 50.3 679.4 150.9 186.4 53.0 38.6 8 0.1 8.0 1.2 -0.2 0.7 -0.1 94.7 283.7 89.9 326.5 91.6 331.5 94.3 337.2 94.6 288.8 95.6 329.2 95.5 335.1 94.8 342.1 -0.7 7.0 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 6,816 1,506.8 734.3 772.5 973.8 4,335.2 1,900.9 2,434.3 6,799 1,530.1 752.5 777.6 902.9 4,365.8 1,920.0 2,445.8 6,886 1,545.4 757.9 787.5 930.7 4,410.3 1,939.8 2,470.5 7,078 1,573.6 775.2 798.4 985.4 4,518.8 1,989.5 2,529.3 6,917 1,532.0 747.0 785.0 987.4 4,397.2 1,928.2 2,469.0 7,167 1,582.1 780.0 802.1 1,007.0 4,578.0 2,021.8 2,556.2 7,157 1,585.9 781.3 804.6 1,002.3 4,569.1 2,011.9 2,557.2 7,174 1,594.7 785.0 809.7 998.9 4,580.2 2,015.7 2,564.5 17 8.8 3.7 5.1 -3.4 11.1 3.8 7.3 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semiconductors and electronic components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,349 12,536 12,576 12,599 12,410 12,609 12,631 12,655 7,688 395.2 408.7 368.9 1,415.3 1,069.0 1,035.2 156.2 86.6 7,833 398.5 406.4 380.6 1,462.9 1,104.7 1,053.9 167.0 85.9 7,869 401.6 413.4 380.0 1,472.5 1,104.7 1,059.2 168.9 86.2 7,885 402.3 419.7 380.3 1,477.2 1,111.9 1,058.7 169.1 85.0 7,712 397.4 411.5 369.4 1,418.7 1,072.7 1,038.9 157.1 86.8 7,864 403.1 419.7 380.4 1,466.8 1,104.7 1,057.5 168.0 86.4 7,885 404.0 421.0 379.9 1,475.2 1,106.7 1,061.0 169.2 86.4 7,903 403.3 422.0 380.2 1,479.1 1,115.1 1,061.9 169.7 85.2 18 -0.7 1.0 0.3 3.9 8.4 0.9 0.5 -1.2 360.0 398.5 365.8 402.8 367.5 404.4 368.5 404.5 361.1 399.7 367.1 403.6 368.3 404.8 369.6 405.7 1.3 0.9 33.9 383.3 1,628.4 955.0 393.9 32.4 396.7 1,645.9 960.8 391.2 32.2 398.6 1,654.1 966.9 391.5 31.6 400.1 1,649.6 960.4 389.8 34.2 384.7 1,630.8 955.6 394.8 32.5 398.2 1,647.2 961.0 391.9 32.3 399.7 1,649.6 961.5 391.8 31.9 401.5 1,651.4 960.6 390.7 -0.4 1.8 1.8 -0.9 -1.1 590.1 592.4 593.5 595.6 592.8 594.9 596.1 597.5 1.4 4,661 1,575.3 111.8 115.4 121.0 369.3 440.4 113.3 819.0 712.6 4,703 1,608.5 111.5 110.9 116.6 372.9 434.8 112.8 823.8 722.7 4,707 1,606.8 111.2 111.5 116.9 373.1 434.9 111.4 823.2 724.5 4,714 1,605.5 111.3 110.4 117.9 373.1 433.1 113.9 825.8 725.7 4,698 1,599.9 112.0 116.0 121.7 370.0 441.2 114.8 820.2 712.9 4,745 1,626.7 111.3 112.1 116.6 372.6 437.7 116.7 826.9 724.9 4,746 1,630.2 111.3 111.9 117.2 373.1 435.6 114.7 824.5 725.2 4,752 1,630.7 111.5 110.9 118.3 372.8 434.1 115.4 827.3 726.7 6 0.5 0.2 -1.0 1.1 -0.3 -1.5 0.7 2.8 1.5 282.9 288.9 293.4 297.6 289.6 299.7 302.5 304.5 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,563 104,005 104,502 105,267 103,831 105,313 105,428 105,547 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,192 27,330 27,420 27,484 27,431 27,695 27,727 27,720 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 24 5,874.8 2,949.4 2,041.6 5,915.7 2,991.5 2,030.5 5,941.3 3,000.3 2,043.1 5,939.0 3,002.6 2,042.6 5,887.3 2,955.7 2,045.0 5,952.2 3,004.7 2,050.2 5,962.5 3,007.4 2,054.5 5,952.7 3,008.2 2,047.3 2.0 119 -7 -9.8 0.8 -7.2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018p Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Change from: Mar.2018 Apr.2018p Wholesale trade - Continued Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883.8 893.7 897.9 893.8 886.6 897.3 900.6 897.2 -3.4 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden supply stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . . Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,688.0 2,002.3 1,290.7 156.2 555.4 469.6 502.8 15,659.0 2,008.1 1,301.1 149.0 558.0 479.8 494.6 15,699.1 2,016.7 1,302.8 153.1 560.8 477.7 494.9 15,763.7 2,021.8 1,302.3 157.1 562.4 474.9 492.7 15,855.2 2,003.7 1,293.7 155.2 554.7 476.0 512.0 15,919.0 2,025.5 1,307.1 157.1 561.2 480.3 497.0 15,925.2 2,025.0 1,305.8 156.9 562.4 482.2 498.3 15,927.0 2,024.0 1,305.3 156.5 562.2 481.3 499.1 1.8 -1.0 -0.5 -0.4 -0.2 -0.9 0.8 1,312.5 3,061.8 1,060.5 921.7 1,339.8 1,269.9 3,070.2 1,051.5 923.8 1,325.0 1,323.0 3,062.8 1,055.3 927.6 1,321.6 1,360.2 3,068.5 1,050.2 929.0 1,316.6 1,266.3 3,091.3 1,067.4 929.1 1,389.1 1,314.9 3,097.7 1,056.0 936.5 1,372.1 1,316.6 3,095.2 1,059.4 937.6 1,368.0 1,311.8 3,097.5 1,057.7 936.7 1,362.7 -4.8 2.3 -1.7 -0.9 -5.3 581.1 3,063.7 1,138.9 576.0 3,072.4 1,146.9 569.9 3,058.2 1,130.8 573.0 3,072.6 1,131.0 602.8 3,118.9 1,173.7 592.3 3,134.5 1,176.4 593.7 3,126.8 1,168.9 595.4 3,134.6 1,167.8 1.7 7.8 -1.1 1,924.8 816.3 555.9 1,925.5 805.7 582.0 1,927.4 806.5 584.9 1,941.6 819.0 585.2 1,945.2 831.3 567.3 1,958.2 824.5 587.7 1,957.9 829.7 592.7 1,966.8 831.7 594.5 8.9 2.0 1.8 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transit and ground passenger transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,074.9 488.7 217.2 64.2 1,441.9 5,204.1 497.9 210.9 61.6 1,444.3 5,226.8 499.1 211.3 62.3 1,453.7 5,227.8 501.1 211.3 64.2 1,458.6 5,132.6 489.2 217.1 64.8 1,453.9 5,269.3 502.6 212.3 64.4 1,469.1 5,285.0 501.4 211.8 64.3 1,476.3 5,285.4 502.0 211.0 64.8 1,470.8 0.4 0.6 -0.8 0.5 -5.5 498.2 48.8 30.9 686.4 625.9 972.7 508.9 47.2 26.9 702.7 696.1 1,007.6 509.4 47.5 29.2 705.7 700.2 1,008.4 508.7 48.2 31.1 702.6 687.7 1,014.3 483.7 49.0 34.9 687.8 668.6 983.6 497.2 47.5 36.4 705.9 717.3 1,016.6 495.7 47.7 36.9 707.7 723.7 1,019.5 494.9 48.2 35.3 702.9 730.0 1,025.5 -0.8 0.5 -1.6 -4.8 6.3 6.0 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553.8 551.4 552.6 553.9 555.4 554.6 554.3 555.3 1.0 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . Motion picture and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing, hosting and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,793 722.4 2,753 712.7 2,755 712.7 2,768 710.7 2,798 725.1 2,759 714.7 2,765 714.6 2,772 713.4 7 -1.2 432.1 266.2 780.9 397.8 261.8 771.4 400.8 263.7 766.4 417.8 265.0 762.0 428.8 266.4 783.4 399.8 262.8 770.4 406.7 263.2 766.9 413.4 264.9 765.0 6.7 1.7 -1.9 313.7 277.8 324.4 284.6 326.6 285.0 326.7 285.8 314.7 279.4 325.5 286.1 327.6 286.2 327.6 287.5 0.0 1.3 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . Credit intermediation and related activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . Activities related to credit intermediation.. . Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,382 6,230.2 18.9 8,487 6,300.7 18.9 8,502 6,297.8 18.9 8,507 6,291.3 18.9 8,423 6,249.8 19.0 8,543 6,312.5 18.9 8,547 6,310.3 19.0 8,549 6,310.2 19.0 2 -0.1 0.0 2,635.9 1,709.4 1,322.0 618.3 308.2 2,658.4 1,714.2 1,321.5 627.0 317.2 2,655.0 1,716.6 1,322.5 623.2 315.2 2,655.3 1,718.0 1,323.9 624.9 312.4 2,642.7 1,711.8 1,322.9 622.0 308.9 2,663.8 1,717.3 1,322.0 628.8 317.7 2,660.6 1,718.1 1,322.9 626.7 315.7 2,661.9 1,720.3 1,325.3 628.5 313.1 1.3 2.2 2.4 1.8 -2.6 929.9 2,645.5 2,152.0 1,579.4 548.7 956.8 2,666.6 2,186.2 1,594.9 567.1 957.4 2,666.5 2,203.8 1,605.7 573.0 959.5 2,657.6 2,215.4 1,611.8 578.7 935.3 2,652.8 2,173.5 1,590.2 559.1 960.2 2,669.6 2,230.4 1,618.4 587.4 961.9 2,668.8 2,236.6 1,623.0 588.4 964.3 2,665.0 2,238.6 1,623.6 590.0 2.4 -3.8 2.0 0.6 1.6 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2018p Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Change from: Mar.2018 Apr.2018p Real estate and rental and leasing Continued Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 23.9 24.2 25.1 24.9 24.2 24.6 25.2 25.0 -0.2 Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer systems design and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific research and development services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other professional and technical services. . . Management of companies and enterprises. . . Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel arrangement and reservation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste management and remediation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,300 9,021.3 1,129.9 1,081.5 1,418.0 139.2 20,466 9,171.5 1,128.7 1,087.3 1,444.0 135.3 20,571 9,169.9 1,130.4 1,087.8 1,443.4 135.7 20,819 9,223.4 1,132.2 1,080.6 1,456.7 137.0 20,351 8,963.7 1,133.8 988.7 1,428.0 139.1 20,776 9,121.2 1,135.5 975.5 1,465.3 137.1 20,815 9,138.8 1,135.5 985.7 1,461.6 137.1 20,869 9,164.6 1,136.3 988.8 1,466.8 137.0 54 25.8 0.8 3.1 5.2 -0.1 2,025.8 2,079.1 2,066.9 2,086.6 2,032.4 2,078.3 2,084.6 2,091.3 6.7 1,383.2 1,421.9 1,418.8 1,429.9 1,391.1 1,436.1 1,435.1 1,438.0 2.9 652.6 492.5 698.6 2,275.5 9,003.5 8,596.2 503.7 149.6 3,491.3 2,844.6 897.9 665.3 490.6 719.3 2,301.6 8,992.9 8,579.4 518.1 154.4 3,555.6 2,889.9 912.5 667.2 495.1 724.6 2,308.0 9,093.5 8,676.5 518.2 156.0 3,584.0 2,913.8 908.5 670.5 498.2 731.7 2,305.5 9,290.1 8,868.0 523.2 155.3 3,630.3 2,953.8 900.7 655.1 494.7 700.8 2,285.6 9,101.3 8,689.9 504.3 149.5 3,568.8 2,912.9 905.7 669.4 494.5 729.5 2,311.6 9,343.3 8,922.0 520.3 155.5 3,700.7 3,018.6 910.6 670.8 497.5 730.8 2,315.2 9,361.4 8,938.1 520.4 155.6 3,700.8 3,016.5 911.2 673.4 499.6 733.4 2,315.6 9,389.0 8,963.7 524.0 155.4 3,713.1 3,026.8 908.7 2.6 2.1 2.6 0.4 27.6 25.6 3.6 -0.2 12.3 10.3 -2.5 217.3 909.7 2,106.7 320.0 214.2 924.2 1,972.8 327.6 215.5 927.8 2,030.8 335.7 216.8 933.1 2,169.5 339.1 217.0 913.7 2,110.9 320.0 217.0 933.5 2,151.8 332.6 216.5 934.3 2,162.2 337.0 216.4 936.5 2,170.8 338.8 -0.1 2.2 8.6 1.8 407.3 413.5 417.0 422.1 411.4 421.3 423.3 425.3 2.0 Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . Community care facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,260 3,831.5 19,428.4 15,628.0 7,239.6 2,566.9 928.3 880.6 887.7 267.8 1,404.5 23,598 3,869.2 19,728.7 15,885.1 7,401.2 2,615.9 934.3 911.2 919.3 276.0 1,435.6 23,629 3,867.7 19,761.7 15,898.3 7,412.0 2,620.4 935.8 912.8 923.2 276.9 1,436.4 23,684 3,875.8 19,808.5 15,930.8 7,441.5 2,628.6 938.2 922.6 923.9 276.0 1,444.6 23,086 3,649.3 19,436.8 15,659.1 7,251.6 2,573.1 930.4 881.8 888.3 267.8 1,406.2 23,462 3,703.3 19,758.3 15,919.0 7,420.5 2,621.6 936.2 915.3 920.1 276.2 1,442.0 23,486 3,695.8 19,790.3 15,940.1 7,436.6 2,627.2 940.0 917.1 923.1 276.9 1,443.3 23,517 3,696.9 19,819.6 15,964.5 7,453.5 2,634.3 940.8 923.0 924.7 276.2 1,446.2 31 1.1 29.3 24.4 16.9 7.1 0.8 5.9 1.6 -0.7 2.9 303.8 5,053.8 3,334.6 1,627.2 627.5 308.9 5,139.1 3,344.8 1,613.7 633.1 306.5 5,149.0 3,337.3 1,607.2 630.2 307.6 5,148.6 3,340.7 1,607.3 632.2 304.0 5,065.3 3,342.2 1,631.4 627.7 309.2 5,144.6 3,353.9 1,617.3 634.5 308.9 5,151.8 3,351.7 1,615.4 631.3 308.3 5,159.8 3,351.2 1,612.7 632.8 -0.6 8.0 -0.5 -2.7 1.5 912.9 167.0 3,800.4 2,336.9 168.2 343.0 952.3 927.8 170.2 3,843.6 2,384.5 172.5 343.2 943.4 928.8 171.1 3,863.4 2,399.2 172.3 343.6 948.3 929.5 171.7 3,877.7 2,410.3 171.0 343.6 952.8 915.3 167.7 3,777.7 2,334.2 167.4 344.7 931.4 930.9 171.2 3,839.3 2,388.3 171.3 346.6 933.2 932.4 172.5 3,850.2 2,399.3 171.3 346.4 933.1 933.5 172.2 3,855.1 2,405.2 170.6 345.1 934.2 1.1 -0.3 4.9 5.9 -0.7 -1.3 1.1 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,888 2,264.6 503.0 15,591 2,105.3 450.0 15,825 2,164.9 466.6 16,158 2,285.6 508.2 15,993 2,318.9 486.8 16,246 2,346.2 494.3 16,254 2,344.7 491.2 16,272 2,344.5 493.1 18 -0.2 1.9 160.7 156.7 161.8 169.2 164.4 172.2 172.2 173.1 0.9 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Change from: Mar.2018 Apr.2018p Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 1,600.9 13,622.9 1,955.5 11,667.4 1,498.6 13,485.9 1,926.9 11,559.0 1,536.5 13,659.8 1,955.3 11,704.5 1,608.2 13,872.8 1,982.6 11,890.2 1,667.7 13,673.6 2,001.5 11,672.1 1,679.7 13,900.2 2,018.2 11,882.0 1,681.3 13,909.0 2,023.3 11,885.7 1,678.3 13,927.9 2,027.4 11,900.5 -3.0 18.9 4.1 14.8 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership associations and organizations. . . 5,748 1,309.0 1,476.5 2,962.3 5,780 1,306.4 1,493.8 2,979.9 5,800 1,313.5 1,497.1 2,989.8 5,847 1,321.4 1,524.7 3,000.4 5,749 1,303.8 1,473.0 2,972.1 5,832 1,312.5 1,514.6 3,005.3 5,834 1,314.3 1,511.6 3,008.5 5,848 1,316.5 1,521.0 3,010.1 14 2.2 9.4 1.6 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 22,713 2,794.0 2,179.7 613.9 5,329.0 2,645.1 2,683.6 14,590.0 8,227.5 6,362.7 22,632 2,777.0 2,170.7 606.0 5,248.0 2,593.8 2,654.6 14,607.0 8,249.3 6,358.1 22,694 2,774.0 2,169.2 604.9 5,270.0 2,609.6 2,660.1 14,650.0 8,272.3 6,377.5 22,704 2,787.0 2,178.1 608.4 5,268.0 2,607.1 2,660.5 14,649.0 8,248.2 6,400.7 22,315 2,801.0 2,188.6 612.6 5,157.0 2,473.8 2,682.9 14,357.0 7,912.8 6,443.8 22,322 2,792.0 2,184.8 607.6 5,112.0 2,448.2 2,663.6 14,418.0 7,938.0 6,479.8 22,322 2,793.0 2,185.2 607.3 5,111.0 2,448.3 2,663.0 14,418.0 7,935.0 6,483.0 22,318 2,794.0 2,187.0 606.8 5,104.0 2,443.6 2,660.3 14,420.0 7,937.5 6,482.4 -4 1.0 1.8 -0.5 -7.0 -4.7 -2.7 2.0 2.5 -0.6 Industry Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 34.4 40.4 45.4 39.3 40.7 41.2 40.0 33.3 34.4 39.0 31.1 38.7 42.0 36.3 37.4 36.1 32.9 26.1 31.8 34.5 40.6 46.0 39.4 41.0 41.5 40.3 33.3 34.5 39.0 31.1 38.9 41.9 36.0 37.6 36.2 33.0 26.1 31.7 34.5 40.5 45.8 39.3 40.9 41.3 40.2 33.3 34.5 39.0 31.1 38.8 42.1 36.1 37.5 36.2 33.0 26.1 31.8 34.5 40.7 45.6 39.5 41.1 41.5 40.2 33.3 34.4 38.9 31.0 38.9 42.1 36.1 37.6 36.2 33.0 26.1 31.8 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 Industry p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26.17 27.44 31.86 28.62 26.55 27.80 24.43 25.88 22.64 29.92 18.06 23.63 39.47 38.00 32.87 31.53 26.19 15.39 23.70 $26.74 27.95 32.33 29.51 26.83 28.10 24.65 26.45 23.08 30.26 18.45 24.24 39.86 39.05 34.20 32.03 26.74 15.74 24.26 $26.80 27.97 32.54 29.44 26.87 28.15 24.68 26.52 23.12 30.27 18.47 24.30 40.23 39.11 34.35 32.14 26.82 15.80 24.26 $26.84 28.06 32.54 29.63 26.91 28.24 24.64 26.55 23.16 30.24 18.57 24.26 40.34 39.25 34.20 32.23 26.80 15.83 24.33 $900.25 1,108.58 1,446.44 1,124.77 1,080.59 1,145.36 977.20 861.80 778.82 1,166.88 561.67 914.48 1,657.74 1,379.40 1,229.34 1,138.23 861.65 401.68 753.66 $922.53 1,134.77 1,487.18 1,162.69 1,100.03 1,166.15 993.40 880.79 796.26 1,180.14 573.80 942.94 1,670.13 1,405.80 1,285.92 1,159.49 882.42 410.81 769.04 $924.60 1,132.79 1,490.33 1,156.99 1,098.98 1,162.60 992.14 883.12 797.64 1,180.53 574.42 942.84 1,693.68 1,411.87 1,288.13 1,163.47 885.06 412.38 771.47 $925.98 1,142.04 1,483.82 1,170.39 1,106.00 1,171.96 990.53 884.12 796.70 1,176.34 575.67 943.71 1,698.31 1,416.93 1,285.92 1,166.73 884.40 413.16 773.69 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2 Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Percent change from: Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.9 92.0 95.7 93.7 90.9 89.5 93.8 111.2 102.6 100.2 100.2 113.7 100.9 92.8 103.2 115.6 124.0 119.1 105.4 108.9 94.8 103.2 97.3 93.0 91.9 95.4 112.8 103.9 101.3 100.6 117.3 100.5 90.7 105.2 118.3 126.4 121.0 106.6 109.1 94.6 103.9 97.0 92.9 91.7 95.2 112.9 104.0 101.5 100.6 117.4 101.0 91.2 105.0 118.5 126.6 121.0 107.0 109.2 95.3 104.6 97.7 93.6 92.3 95.4 113.1 103.7 101.0 100.3 117.7 101.1 91.4 105.3 118.8 126.7 121.2 107.2 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.2 -0.3 -0.5 -0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 1 Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Percent change from: Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018p 133.8 114.2 122.4 116.5 112.2 110.4 116.3 139.9 125.1 125.1 119.6 136.3 131.6 125.5 132.3 147.6 156.3 147.9 136.9 139.3 119.7 134.0 124.8 116.0 114.7 119.4 145.0 129.1 127.9 122.7 144.3 132.4 126.1 140.3 153.5 162.6 153.6 141.7 139.7 119.6 135.8 124.0 116.1 114.6 119.3 145.6 129.5 128.2 122.8 144.7 134.2 126.9 140.6 154.3 163.3 154.3 142.2 140.1 120.9 136.7 125.8 117.1 115.8 119.2 145.9 129.3 127.5 123.1 144.9 134.8 127.7 140.4 155.1 163.4 154.8 143.0 0.3 1.1 0.7 1.5 0.9 1.0 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.6 -0.1 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.6 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods................................. . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................... . Information........................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................... . Government............................................ . 72,390 59,592 4,378 92 870 3,416 1,806 1,610 55,214 11,060 1,735.3 7,945.5 1,251.8 127.6 1,117 4,764 9,144 17,786 8,306 3,037 12,798 73,423 60,587 4,505 92 916 3,497 1,845 1,652 56,082 11,129 1,768.4 7,938.7 1,293.5 127.9 1,091 4,816 9,386 18,050 8,513 3,097 12,836 73,512 60,674 4,523 93 917 3,513 1,853 1,660 56,151 11,123 1,773.9 7,924.6 1,296.7 128.1 1,093 4,820 9,411 18,087 8,523 3,094 12,838 73,627 60,788 4,537 93 918 3,526 1,860 1,666 56,251 11,135 1,772.7 7,934.1 1,299.2 128.5 1,096 4,824 9,443 18,109 8,546 3,098 12,839 49.5 48.1 21.9 13.7 12.6 27.5 23.4 34.3 53.2 40.3 29.5 50.1 24.4 23.0 39.9 56.6 44.9 77.0 51.9 52.8 57.4 49.6 48.2 22.0 12.9 12.8 27.7 23.5 34.8 53.3 40.2 29.7 49.9 24.5 23.1 39.5 56.4 45.2 76.9 52.4 53.1 57.5 49.6 48.2 22.1 12.9 12.8 27.8 23.5 35.0 53.3 40.1 29.8 49.8 24.5 23.1 39.5 56.4 45.2 77.0 52.4 53.0 57.5 49.6 48.2 22.1 12.7 12.8 27.9 23.5 35.1 53.3 40.2 29.8 49.8 24.6 23.1 39.5 56.4 45.2 77.0 52.5 53.0 57.5 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [In thousands] Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . Wholesale trade.................................................................. . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing............................................... . Utilities............................................................................. . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . 102,074 14,403 484 5,201 8,718 5,302 3,416 87,671 23,091 4,716.8 13,467.6 4,458.9 447.3 2,258 6,547 16,650 20,274 14,090 4,761 103,642 14,752 528 5,370 8,854 5,407 3,447 88,890 23,399 4,775.2 13,601.1 4,577.9 445.2 2,220 6,622 16,914 20,613 14,297 4,825 103,747 14,749 534 5,352 8,863 5,418 3,445 88,998 23,431 4,782.7 13,612.6 4,590.3 445.2 2,222 6,627 16,949 20,637 14,305 4,827 103,867 14,782 539 5,354 8,889 5,442 3,447 89,085 23,434 4,770.2 13,625.0 4,593.6 445.3 2,232 6,624 16,984 20,657 14,316 4,838 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 33.7 41.3 46.1 39.9 41.9 42.3 41.1 32.4 33.8 38.8 30.2 38.4 42.5 35.9 37.0 35.4 32.2 24.8 30.7 33.8 41.6 47.0 40.0 42.3 42.6 41.7 32.5 33.9 38.9 30.3 38.5 42.7 35.8 37.0 35.4 32.3 25.0 30.7 33.7 41.6 46.8 40.0 42.2 42.5 41.7 32.4 33.9 38.9 30.3 38.3 42.9 35.9 37.0 35.3 32.3 24.9 30.7 33.8 41.8 46.8 40.2 42.4 42.7 42.0 32.4 33.8 38.9 30.2 38.4 42.9 36.1 37.0 35.3 32.3 24.9 30.8 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.8 4.9 4.6 Industry 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21.94 23.00 27.14 26.45 20.79 21.76 19.22 21.72 19.23 24.59 15.23 21.13 36.24 30.59 26.49 25.89 22.96 13.31 19.93 $22.39 23.71 27.77 27.41 21.32 22.26 19.81 22.10 19.54 24.82 15.49 21.65 36.38 31.18 26.74 26.40 23.41 13.63 20.49 $22.46 23.72 27.82 27.37 21.36 22.29 19.86 22.19 19.66 24.84 15.66 21.72 36.81 31.46 26.84 26.49 23.44 13.67 20.49 $22.51 23.79 27.89 27.49 21.41 22.40 19.83 22.23 19.73 24.85 15.77 21.76 36.43 31.27 26.89 26.55 23.45 13.72 20.54 $739.38 949.90 1,251.15 1,055.36 871.10 920.45 789.94 703.73 649.97 954.09 459.95 811.39 1,540.20 1,098.18 980.13 916.51 739.31 330.09 611.85 $756.78 986.34 1,305.19 1,096.40 901.84 948.28 826.08 718.25 662.41 965.50 469.35 833.53 1,553.43 1,116.24 989.38 934.56 756.14 340.75 629.04 $756.90 986.75 1,301.98 1,094.80 901.39 947.33 828.16 718.96 666.47 966.28 474.50 831.88 1,579.15 1,129.41 993.08 935.10 757.11 340.38 629.04 $760.84 994.42 1,305.25 1,105.10 907.78 956.48 832.86 720.25 666.87 966.67 476.25 835.58 1,562.85 1,128.85 994.93 937.22 757.44 341.63 632.63 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [2002=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3 Industry Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Percent change from: Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.6 90.9 118.6 103.9 83.9 84.3 82.7 121.0 108.8 107.8 103.0 128.9 97.2 92.5 114.0 132.1 139.2 128.0 102.5 116.7 93.8 131.9 107.6 86.0 86.6 84.7 123.0 110.6 109.4 104.3 132.7 97.2 90.7 115.3 134.2 142.0 130.9 103.9 116.5 93.8 132.8 107.2 85.9 86.5 84.6 122.8 110.7 109.6 104.4 132.3 97.7 91.0 115.4 134.1 142.1 130.5 103.9 117.0 94.4 134.0 107.8 86.5 87.3 85.3 122.9 110.4 109.3 104.2 132.8 97.7 92.0 115.4 134.4 142.3 130.6 104.5 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.1 -0.3 -0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.6 1 Apr. 2017 Feb. 2018 Mar. 2018p Apr. 2018p Percent change from: Mar. 2018 Apr. 2018p 168.0 128.0 187.1 148.4 114.0 114.5 112.4 180.2 149.3 156.1 134.4 172.8 147.1 140.1 185.8 203.5 210.9 193.5 148.9 174.6 136.1 213.0 159.2 119.9 120.3 118.6 186.4 154.1 159.9 138.5 182.2 147.6 140.0 189.8 210.8 219.3 202.7 155.1 174.8 136.2 214.9 158.4 119.9 120.4 118.8 186.9 155.3 160.3 140.1 182.3 150.1 141.8 190.6 211.4 219.9 202.5 155.2 175.9 137.5 217.4 160.0 121.1 122.1 119.5 187.4 155.4 160.0 140.8 183.3 148.6 142.4 190.9 212.3 220.2 203.4 156.4 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.5 0.5 -1.0 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.8 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
@FedFRASER