Full text of The Employment Situation : April 2016

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 6, 2016

USDL-16-0882

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2016
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 160,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
professional and business services, health care, and financial activities. Job losses continued in mining.

Household Survey Data
In April, the unemployment rate held at 5.0 percent, and the number of unemployed persons was little
changed at 7.9 million. Both measures have shown little movement since August. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics increased to 6.1 percent in
April, while the rates for adult men (4.6 percent), adult women (4.5 percent), teenagers (16.0 percent),
Whites (4.3 percent), Blacks (8.8 percent), and Asians (3.8 percent) showed little or no change.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) declined by 150,000 to 2.1
million in April. These individuals accounted for 25.7 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)

In April, the labor force participation rate decreased to 62.8 percent, and the employment-population
ratio edged down to 59.7 percent. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (also referred to as involuntary
part-time workers) was about unchanged in April at 6.0 million and has shown little movement since
November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job.
(See table A-8.)
In April, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 400,000 from a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 568,000 discouraged workers in April, down by 188,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 160,000 in April. Over the prior 12 months,
employment growth had averaged 232,000 per month. In April, employment gains occurred in
professional and business services, health care, and financial activities, while mining continued to
lose jobs. (See table B-1.)
Professional and business services added 65,000 jobs in April. The industry added an average of
51,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. In April, job gains occurred in management and
technical consulting services (+21,000) and in computer systems design and related services (+7,000).
In April, health care employment rose by 44,000, with most of the increase occurring in hospitals
(+23,000) and ambulatory health care services (+19,000). Over the year, health care employment has
increased by 502,000.
Employment in financial activities rose by 20,000 in April, with credit intermediation and related
activities (+8,000) contributing to the gain. Financial activities has added 160,000 jobs over the past
12 months.
Mining employment continued to decline in April (-7,000). Since reaching a peak in September 2014,
employment in mining has decreased by 191,000, with more than three-quarters of the loss in support
activities for mining.
Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale trade, retail
trade, transportation and warehousing, information, leisure and hospitality, and government,
showed little or no change over the month.

- 2 -`

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.5
hours in April. The manufacturing workweek and overtime remained unchanged at 40.7 hours and 3.3
hours, respectively. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 8 cents
to $25.53, following an increase of 6 cents in March. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen
by 2.5 percent. In April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees increased by 5 cents to $21.45. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +245,000 to +233,000,
and the change for March was revised from +215,000 to +208,000. With these revisions, employment
gains in February and March combined were 19,000 less than previously reported. Over the past 3
months, job gains have averaged 200,000 per month.
_____________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 3, 2016, at
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

- 3 -`

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Change from:
Mar. 2016Apr. 2016

Apr.
2016

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

250,266
157,032
62.7
148,509
59.3
8,523
5.4
93,234

252,577
158,890
62.9
151,074
59.8
7,815
4.9
93,688

252,768
159,286
63.0
151,320
59.9
7,966
5.0
93,482

252,969
158,924
62.8
151,004
59.7
7,920
5.0
94,044

201
-362
-0.2
-316
-0.2
-46
0.0
562

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

5.4
5.0
4.9
17.1
4.7
9.6
4.4
6.9

4.9
4.5
4.5
15.6
4.3
8.8
3.8
5.4

5.0
4.5
4.6
15.9
4.3
9.0
4.0
5.6

5.0
4.6
4.5
16.0
4.3
8.8
3.8
6.1

0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
0.5

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.4
8.5
5.4
4.6
2.7

4.1
7.3
5.3
4.2
2.5

4.1
7.4
5.4
4.1
2.6

4.1
7.5
5.4
4.1
2.4

0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
-0.2

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

4,130
824
2,649
867

3,749
760
2,467
833

3,835
833
2,495
778

3,855
851
2,357
839

20
18
-138
61

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,707
2,339
1,162
2,503

2,297
2,236
1,132
2,165

2,412
2,205
1,178
2,213

2,545
2,131
1,304
2,063

133
-74
126
-150

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . ....................................... .

6,549
3,870
2,349
20,034

5,988
3,579
2,104
20,615

6,123
3,631
2,154
20,428

5,962
3,709
2,009
20,469

-161
78
-145
41

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

2,115
756

1,803
599

1,720
585

1,715
568

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

251
241
21
-15
38
-2
-4
4.4
2
220
-1.5
13.4
13.8
0.8
10
7
69
14.6
77
75.6
21
9
10

233
222
-20
-17
13
-16
-14
3.0
-2
242
2.4
52.0
0.4
1.5
11
8
35
-2.2
77
56.7
37
18
11

208
184
0
-12
41
-29
-24
-1.5
-5
184
9.7
39.0
4.9
-0.6
6
14
37
9.3
43
34.0
24
7
24

160
171
-3
-8
1
4
6
6.1
-2
174
2.7
-3.1
8.6
0.1
0
20
65
9.3
54
38.2
22
5
-11

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200
194

224
212

203
187

200
192

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.3
47.9
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

34.5
$24.91
$859.40
103.3
0.2
123.0
0.4

34.4
$25.39
$873.42
104.9
-0.4
127.3
-0.4

34.4
$25.45
$875.48
105.1
0.2
127.8
0.4

34.5
$25.53
$880.79
105.5
0.4
128.8
0.8

56.9
49.4

58.8
43.0

58.6
36.7

56.3
47.5

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 623,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:


The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.



The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.



The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.



The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000
(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

250,266
156,554
62.6
148,587
59.4
7,966
5.1
93,712
6,096

252,768
158,854
62.8
150,738
59.6
8,116
5.1
93,914
5,446

252,969
158,488
62.7
151,075
59.7
7,413
4.7
94,481
5,671

250,266
157,032
62.7
148,509
59.3
8,523
5.4
93,234
6,194

251,936
157,833
62.6
149,929
59.5
7,904
5.0
94,103
5,886

252,397
158,335
62.7
150,544
59.6
7,791
4.9
94,062
5,973

252,577
158,890
62.9
151,074
59.8
7,815
4.9
93,688
5,870

252,768
159,286
63.0
151,320
59.9
7,966
5.0
93,482
5,712

252,969
158,924
62.8
151,004
59.7
7,920
5.0
94,044
5,793

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120,831
83,358
69.0
78,996
65.4
4,362
5.2
37,473

122,112
84,384
69.1
79,884
65.4
4,499
5.3
37,729

122,213
84,323
69.0
80,302
65.7
4,021
4.8
37,890

120,831
83,739
69.3
79,159
65.5
4,580
5.5
37,092

121,671
83,876
68.9
79,546
65.4
4,330
5.2
37,795

121,926
84,238
69.1
80,104
65.7
4,134
4.9
37,688

122,017
84,673
69.4
80,491
66.0
4,181
4.9
37,344

122,112
84,765
69.4
80,543
66.0
4,222
5.0
37,347

122,213
84,641
69.3
80,419
65.8
4,222
5.0
37,572

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112,400
80,670
71.8
76,749
68.3
3,921
4.9
31,730

113,653
81,659
71.8
77,639
68.3
4,020
4.9
31,995

113,746
81,655
71.8
78,028
68.6
3,628
4.4
32,090

112,400
80,836
71.9
76,773
68.3
4,063
5.0
31,564

113,241
80,927
71.5
77,119
68.1
3,808
4.7
32,314

113,483
81,333
71.7
77,704
68.5
3,629
4.5
32,151

113,566
81,667
71.9
77,991
68.7
3,677
4.5
31,898

113,653
81,815
72.0
78,096
68.7
3,719
4.5
31,838

113,746
81,748
71.9
77,999
68.6
3,749
4.6
31,998

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

129,434
73,196
56.6
69,591
53.8
3,605
4.9
56,238

130,656
74,470
57.0
70,854
54.2
3,617
4.9
56,185

130,756
74,164
56.7
70,773
54.1
3,391
4.6
56,592

129,434
73,293
56.6
69,350
53.6
3,943
5.4
56,141

130,265
73,957
56.8
70,383
54.0
3,574
4.8
56,308

130,471
74,097
56.8
70,440
54.0
3,657
4.9
56,374

130,561
74,217
56.8
70,583
54.1
3,634
4.9
56,344

130,656
74,520
57.0
70,777
54.2
3,743
5.0
56,135

130,756
74,284
56.8
70,586
54.0
3,698
5.0
56,472

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121,246
70,509
58.2
67,303
55.5
3,206
4.5
50,737

122,433
71,700
58.6
68,451
55.9
3,248
4.5
50,733

122,524
71,329
58.2
68,346
55.8
2,983
4.2
51,196

121,246
70,453
58.1
66,972
55.2
3,481
4.9
50,793

122,071
71,069
58.2
67,911
55.6
3,157
4.4
51,002

122,263
71,171
58.2
67,940
55.6
3,231
4.5
51,092

122,345
71,313
58.3
68,094
55.7
3,219
4.5
51,032

122,433
71,610
58.5
68,293
55.8
3,317
4.6
50,823

122,524
71,302
58.2
68,072
55.6
3,230
4.5
51,223

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,619
5,375
32.3
4,536
27.3
840
15.6
11,244

16,682
5,496
32.9
4,648
27.9
848
15.4
11,186

16,699
5,504
33.0
4,701
28.2
802
14.6
11,195

16,619
5,743
34.6
4,763
28.7
980
17.1
10,876

16,624
5,837
35.1
4,899
29.5
938
16.1
10,787

16,651
5,832
35.0
4,901
29.4
931
16.0
10,819

16,666
5,909
35.5
4,990
29.9
920
15.6
10,757

16,682
5,860
35.1
4,931
29.6
929
15.9
10,822

16,699
5,875
35.2
4,934
29.5
941
16.0
10,824

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

196,574
123,089
62.6
117,642
59.8
5,448
4.4
73,484

197,809
124,663
63.0
119,137
60.2
5,526
4.4
73,146

197,906
124,416
62.9
119,337
60.3
5,079
4.1
73,490

196,574
123,485
62.8
117,704
59.9
5,780
4.7
73,089

197,471
123,815
62.7
118,295
59.9
5,520
4.5
73,656

197,639
124,362
62.9
119,029
60.2
5,333
4.3
73,277

197,718
124,748
63.1
119,442
60.4
5,306
4.3
72,970

197,809
125,018
63.2
119,674
60.5
5,345
4.3
72,791

197,906
124,749
63.0
119,369
60.3
5,380
4.3
73,157

64,613
72.0
61,870
69.0
2,744
4.2

65,175
72.1
62,355
69.0
2,820
4.3

65,093
72.0
62,583
69.2
2,510
3.9

64,741
72.2
61,912
69.0
2,829
4.4

64,691
71.7
61,988
68.7
2,702
4.2

65,002
72.0
62,482
69.2
2,520
3.9

65,304
72.3
62,787
69.5
2,517
3.9

65,296
72.3
62,739
69.4
2,557
3.9

65,178
72.1
62,600
69.2
2,578
4.0

54,238
57.4
52,115
55.1
2,123
3.9

55,192
58.0
53,087
55.8
2,105
3.8

55,023
57.8
52,991
55.7
2,032
3.7

54,208
57.3
51,916
54.9
2,292
4.2

54,521
57.4
52,391
55.2
2,130
3.9

54,753
57.6
52,603
55.4
2,150
3.9

54,803
57.6
52,659
55.4
2,144
3.9

55,142
58.0
52,992
55.7
2,149
3.9

54,984
57.8
52,798
55.5
2,185
4.0

4,239
34.4
3,657
29.7
582
13.7

4,296
34.8
3,695
30.0
601
14.0

4,300
34.8
3,763
30.5
537
12.5

4,535
36.8
3,876
31.4
659
14.5

4,603
37.4
3,916
31.8
687
14.9

4,607
37.4
3,944
32.0
663
14.4

4,641
37.7
3,995
32.4
645
13.9

4,580
37.1
3,942
32.0
638
13.9

4,587
37.2
3,970
32.2
617
13.4

31,293
19,380
61.9
17,648
56.4
1,731
8.9
11,913

31,753
19,421
61.2
17,670
55.6
1,751
9.0
12,332

31,792
19,368
60.9
17,779
55.9
1,590
8.2
12,423

31,293
19,405
62.0
17,540
56.1
1,864
9.6
11,888

31,594
19,442
61.5
17,819
56.4
1,623
8.3
12,152

31,679
19,536
61.7
17,821
56.3
1,716
8.8
12,143

31,716
19,569
61.7
17,851
56.3
1,718
8.8
12,147

31,753
19,513
61.5
17,759
55.9
1,754
9.0
12,240

31,792
19,413
61.1
17,700
55.7
1,713
8.8
12,379

8,868
68.3
8,095
62.3
773
8.7

8,871
67.1
8,063
61.0
809
9.1

8,964
67.7
8,157
61.6
807
9.0

8,925
68.7
8,106
62.4
819
9.2

8,780
66.8
8,017
61.0
763
8.7

8,844
67.1
8,101
61.5
743
8.4

8,910
67.5
8,146
61.7
764
8.6

8,881
67.2
8,112
61.4
768
8.7

9,013
68.1
8,155
61.6
858
9.5

9,868
62.4
9,067
57.3
801
8.1

9,842
61.4
9,062
56.5
781
7.9

9,712
60.5
9,090
56.6
622
6.4

9,800
62.0
8,941
56.5
858
8.8

9,928
62.2
9,241
57.9
686
6.9

9,970
62.3
9,179
57.4
791
7.9

9,938
62.0
9,152
57.1
786
7.9

9,868
61.5
9,076
56.6
792
8.0

9,667
60.2
9,003
56.1
665
6.9

643
25.8
486
19.5
157
24.4

708
28.3
546
21.8
162
22.9

693
27.6
533
21.3
160
23.1

680
27.3
493
19.8
187
27.5

734
29.5
560
22.5
174
23.7

722
28.9
540
21.7
182
25.2

720
28.8
552
22.1
168
23.3

764
30.5
571
22.8
193
25.3

732
29.2
542
21.6
190
26.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2015
14,290
9,023
63.1
8,644
60.5
379
4.2
5,267

Mar.
2016
14,911
9,478
63.6
9,112
61.1
366
3.9
5,433

Apr.
2016
14,853
9,444
63.6
9,101
61.3
343
3.6
5,409

Apr.
2015
14,290
9,038
63.3
8,645
60.5
394
4.4
5,251

Dec.
2015
14,553
9,168
63.0
8,805
60.5
363
4.0
5,385

Jan.
2016
14,816
9,192
62.0
8,856
59.8
337
3.7
5,623

Feb.
2016
14,974
9,426
62.9
9,070
60.6
355
3.8
5,548

Mar.
2016
14,911
9,411
63.1
9,038
60.6
373
4.0
5,500

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Apr.
2016
14,853
9,448
63.6
9,090
61.2
357
3.8
5,406

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

39,405
26,092
66.2
24,443
62.0
1,650
6.3
13,312

40,386
26,709
66.1
25,183
62.4
1,526
5.7
13,677

40,474
26,530
65.5
25,036
61.9
1,493
5.6
13,944

39,405
26,156
66.4
24,348
61.8
1,808
6.9
13,248

40,090
26,270
65.5
24,614
61.4
1,655
6.3
13,821

40,215
26,451
65.8
24,893
61.9
1,558
5.9
13,764

40,302
26,642
66.1
25,193
62.5
1,449
5.4
13,660

40,386
26,782
66.3
25,289
62.6
1,493
5.6
13,604

40,474
26,595
65.7
24,960
61.7
1,636
6.1
13,878

14,442
81.3
13,646
76.8
796
5.5

14,759
81.1
13,995
76.9
764
5.2

14,656
80.3
13,985
76.7
671
4.6

14,476
81.5
13,611
76.6
865
6.0

14,454
79.9
13,659
75.6
795
5.5

14,590
80.5
13,878
76.5
712
4.9

14,705
80.9
14,018
77.2
688
4.7

14,799
81.3
14,085
77.4
714
4.8

14,685
80.5
13,949
76.5
736
5.0

10,556
58.8
9,876
55.0
680
6.4

10,836
58.8
10,226
55.5
610
5.6

10,768
58.3
10,099
54.7
670
6.2

10,527
58.6
9,801
54.6
727
6.9

10,646
58.2
9,978
54.6
668
6.3

10,649
58.0
10,022
54.6
627
5.9

10,742
58.4
10,167
55.3
576
5.4

10,814
58.7
10,218
55.5
596
5.5

10,744
58.2
10,041
54.4
703
6.5

1,094
29.6
920
24.9
174
15.9

1,115
29.7
962
25.6
153
13.7

1,105
29.4
952
25.3
153
13.8

1,154
31.2
937
25.3
217
18.8

1,170
31.3
977
26.2
193
16.5

1,212
32.5
994
26.6
218
18.0

1,194
31.9
1,008
26.9
186
15.6

1,168
31.1
986
26.3
182
15.6

1,166
31.0
969
25.8
196
16.8

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,544
46.6
10,577
42.7
967
8.4

10,817
46.4
9,926
42.6
891
8.2

11,036
47.2
10,206
43.7
830
7.5

11,299
45.6
10,340
41.7
959
8.5

10,847
45.4
10,125
42.4
722
6.7

11,037
46.0
10,221
42.6
816
7.4

10,648
46.2
9,871
42.8
777
7.3

10,777
46.2
9,978
42.8
799
7.4

10,777
46.1
9,966
42.7
812
7.5

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,565
57.2
33,712
54.2
1,853
5.2

35,654
57.5
33,599
54.2
2,055
5.8

35,635
57.4
33,785
54.4
1,850
5.2

35,554
57.2
33,618
54.1
1,936
5.4

34,744
57.0
32,812
53.8
1,933
5.6

35,347
57.8
33,475
54.7
1,872
5.3

35,626
57.5
33,747
54.5
1,878
5.3

35,615
57.4
33,688
54.3
1,927
5.4

35,501
57.2
33,567
54.1
1,934
5.4

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,715
67.3
36,044
64.3
1,671
4.4

37,929
66.3
36,309
63.4
1,620
4.3

37,841
66.1
36,350
63.5
1,491
3.9

37,607
67.1
35,865
64.0
1,742
4.6

37,869
66.5
36,304
63.8
1,565
4.1

38,098
66.5
36,493
63.7
1,605
4.2

38,106
66.7
36,496
63.9
1,610
4.2

37,958
66.3
36,396
63.6
1,562
4.1

37,757
65.9
36,204
63.2
1,553
4.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

51,314
74.8
50,013
72.9
1,301
2.5

53,715
74.9
52,323
73.0
1,391
2.6

53,428
74.4
52,223
72.8
1,205
2.3

51,160
74.6
49,767
72.5
1,393
2.7

53,054
74.0
51,746
72.2
1,307
2.5

52,674
73.8
51,358
71.9
1,316
2.5

53,112
73.8
51,805
72.0
1,307
2.5

53,447
74.5
52,051
72.6
1,396
2.6

53,316
74.3
52,025
72.5
1,291
2.4

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Apr.
2015

Men
Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Women
Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,274
10,783
50.7
10,277
48.3
507
4.7
10,491

20,959
10,574
50.4
10,157
48.5
416
3.9
10,385

19,281
9,539
49.5
9,089
47.1
450
4.7
9,742

18,948
9,345
49.3
8,971
47.3
374
4.0
9,603

1,993
1,244
62.4
1,188
59.6
57
4.6
749

2,011
1,229
61.1
1,187
59.0
42
3.4
782

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,609
2,927
81.1
2,726
75.5
201
6.9
682

3,958
3,129
79.1
3,002
75.9
127
4.1
828

3,005
2,500
83.2
2,329
77.5
171
6.9
505

3,230
2,607
80.7
2,507
77.6
100
3.8
623

604
427
70.7
397
65.8
30
7.0
177

727
522
71.8
495
68.1
27
5.1
205

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,380
2,695
79.7
2,620
77.5
76
2.8
685

3,248
2,619
80.6
2,514
77.4
105
4.0
629

2,827
2,309
81.7
2,251
79.6
58
2.5
518

2,785
2,263
81.3
2,165
77.8
98
4.3
521

553
386
69.8
369
66.6
18
4.6
167

464
356
76.8
348
75.1
8
2.2
108

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,988
2,415
26.9
2,309
25.7
106
4.4
6,573

8,573
2,191
25.6
2,111
24.6
80
3.6
6,382

8,669
2,308
26.6
2,202
25.4
106
4.6
6,361

8,266
2,116
25.6
2,036
24.6
80
3.8
6,150

319
107
33.6
107
33.6
0
0.0
212

307
75
24.6
75
24.6
0
0.0
232

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,297
2,746
51.8
2,622
49.5
124
4.5
2,551

5,180
2,634
50.8
2,530
48.8
104
3.9
2,546

4,780
2,422
50.7
2,307
48.3
115
4.7
2,358

4,667
2,358
50.5
2,263
48.5
96
4.1
2,309

517
324
62.6
315
60.8
9
2.8
193

513
275
53.6
267
52.1
8
2.8
238

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

220,131
143,938
65.4
136,829
62.2
7,109
4.9
76,193

222,987
146,005
65.5
139,378
62.5
6,627
4.5
76,982

97,005
72,880
75.1
69,160
71.3
3,720
5.1
24,124

98,726
74,087
75.0
70,623
71.5
3,464
4.7
24,639

123,127
71,058
57.7
67,668
55.0
3,390
4.8
52,069

124,261
71,918
57.9
68,755
55.3
3,163
4.4
52,343

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

Persons with no disability
Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed.............. . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,608
5,704
19.3
5,136
17.3
568
10.0
23,904

29,974
6,108
20.4
5,453
18.2
655
10.7
23,866

220,658
150,850
68.4
143,451
65.0
7,399
4.9
69,807

222,995
152,380
68.3
145,622
65.3
6,758
4.4
70,615

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed.............. . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,504
32.5
2,221
28.8
282
11.3
5,199

2,633
34.3
2,329
30.3
305
11.6
5,054

75,994
82.1
72,124
77.9
3,870
5.1
16,576

76,461
82.0
72,923
78.2
3,538
4.6
16,777

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed.............. . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,240
27.9
2,026
25.2
214
9.6
5,801

2,377
29.1
2,097
25.6
280
11.8
5,803

67,015
70.0
63,745
66.6
3,270
4.9
28,721

67,675
70.4
64,694
67.3
2,981
4.4
28,520

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed.............. . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

960
6.9
889
6.4
71
7.4
12,905

1,097
7.8
1,027
7.3
71
6.4
13,010

7,841
24.2
7,582
23.4
259
3.3
24,510

8,244
24.6
8,006
23.9
238
2.9
25,318

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Apr.
2015

Men
Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Women
Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

39,997
26,103
65.3
24,819
62.1
1,284
4.9
13,895

40,797
26,596
65.2
25,460
62.4
1,137
4.3
14,200

19,286
15,094
78.3
14,406
74.7
689
4.6
4,192

19,830
15,399
77.7
14,831
74.8
568
3.7
4,430

20,711
11,008
53.2
10,413
50.3
595
5.4
9,703

20,967
11,197
53.4
10,629
50.7
568
5.1
9,770

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

210,268
130,451
62.0
123,769
58.9
6,683
5.1
79,817

212,172
131,891
62.2
125,615
59.2
6,276
4.8
80,281

101,545
68,263
67.2
64,590
63.6
3,673
5.4
33,281

102,384
68,924
67.3
65,471
63.9
3,453
5.0
33,459

108,723
62,188
57.2
59,179
54.4
3,009
4.8
46,535

109,789
62,967
57.4
60,144
54.8
2,823
4.5
46,822

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

2,294
1,463
799
32
146,293
137,371
20,840
116,531
793
115,738
8,837
84

2,491
1,535
933
23
148,247
139,398
20,911
118,487
629
117,858
8,791
58

2,478
1,592
869
17
148,597
139,607
20,615
118,992
747
118,245
8,941
50

2,419
1,593
792
–
146,065
137,145
20,484
116,670
–
115,871
8,822
–

2,411
1,562
814
–
147,587
139,054
20,824
118,193
–
117,432
8,551
–

2,385
1,538
827
–
148,115
139,371
20,715
118,690
–
118,025
8,699
–

2,456
1,571
878
–
148,620
139,815
20,775
119,024
–
118,332
8,735
–

2,623
1,643
938
–
148,704
139,703
20,548
119,223
–
118,584
8,869
–

2,592
1,706
856
–
148,377
139,411
20,323
119,136
–
118,390
8,872
–

6,356
3,728
2,370
20,992

6,138
3,656
2,199
20,824

5,771
3,603
1,994
21,460

6,549
3,870
2,349
20,034

6,022
3,548
2,172
20,243

5,988
3,544
2,134
20,311

5,988
3,579
2,104
20,615

6,123
3,631
2,154
20,428

5,962
3,709
2,009
20,469

6,277
3,674
2,354
20,622

6,032
3,588
2,182
20,463

5,690
3,546
1,984
21,089

6,464
3,817
2,335
19,654

5,910
3,482
2,161
19,932

5,851
3,467
2,116
19,973

5,897
3,519
2,099
20,238

6,032
3,575
2,138
20,084

5,874
3,651
1,995
20,114

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

148,587
4,536
1,482
3,053
144,052
13,706
130,346
96,742
32,767
31,200
32,775
33,605

150,738
4,648
1,515
3,133
146,090
13,932
132,158
97,866
33,421
31,560
32,884
34,292

151,075
4,701
1,540
3,161
146,374
13,810
132,564
97,932
33,458
31,533
32,941
34,632

148,509
4,763
1,624
3,134
143,745
13,850
129,852
96,495
32,725
31,103
32,667
33,357

149,929
4,899
1,648
3,232
145,030
14,061
130,995
96,976
32,891
31,466
32,620
34,019

150,544
4,901
1,669
3,222
145,644
14,056
131,597
97,583
33,320
31,511
32,752
34,014

151,074
4,990
1,731
3,279
146,085
14,109
131,922
97,736
33,370
31,548
32,818
34,186

151,320
4,931
1,688
3,252
146,389
14,171
132,116
97,932
33,493
31,555
32,883
34,184

151,004
4,934
1,692
3,239
146,070
14,016
131,998
97,648
33,390
31,445
32,813
34,350

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78,996
2,247
746
1,501
76,749
7,050
69,698
51,861
17,763
16,832
17,266
17,837

79,884
2,245
654
1,592
77,639
7,145
70,494
52,343
18,102
16,937
17,303
18,151

80,302
2,275
709
1,566
78,028
7,168
70,860
52,414
18,056
17,024
17,334
18,446

79,159
2,386
828
1,554
76,773
7,159
69,625
51,868
17,790
16,832
17,246
17,758

79,546
2,427
780
1,631
77,119
7,173
69,945
51,935
17,785
16,933
17,217
18,010

80,104
2,400
813
1,587
77,704
7,191
70,500
52,436
18,069
17,010
17,357
18,064

80,491
2,501
830
1,681
77,991
7,293
70,637
52,513
18,056
17,075
17,382
18,125

80,543
2,447
770
1,674
78,096
7,284
70,750
52,580
18,199
17,018
17,363
18,170

80,419
2,420
789
1,621
77,999
7,274
70,710
52,388
18,060
17,017
17,312
18,321

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

69,591
2,288
736
1,553
67,303
6,655
60,648
44,881
15,004
14,369
15,508
15,768

70,854
2,402
861
1,541
68,451
6,787
61,664
45,523
15,319
14,623
15,582
16,141

70,773
2,427
831
1,596
68,346
6,642
61,704
45,518
15,402
14,509
15,607
16,186

69,350
2,378
796
1,581
66,972
6,690
60,227
44,627
14,935
14,271
15,421
15,599

70,383
2,472
868
1,601
67,911
6,888
61,051
45,042
15,106
14,533
15,403
16,009

70,440
2,501
856
1,635
67,940
6,865
61,096
45,147
15,250
14,501
15,395
15,950

70,583
2,489
901
1,598
68,094
6,817
61,285
45,224
15,315
14,474
15,435
16,061

70,777
2,485
918
1,578
68,293
6,887
61,366
45,351
15,294
14,537
15,520
16,015

70,586
2,514
903
1,618
68,072
6,742
61,288
45,259
15,330
14,427
15,502
16,028

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,042
35,045
9,706

45,153
35,626
9,744

45,277
35,333
9,678

44,992
34,970
–

45,187
35,080
–

45,231
34,997
–

45,175
35,100
–

45,266
35,387
–

45,207
35,227
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120,402
28,185

122,522
28,216

122,742
28,333

120,799
27,707

122,603
27,359

123,141
27,364

123,206
27,853

123,447
27,818

123,194
27,797

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,000
4.7

7,592
5.0

7,383
4.9

6,994
4.7

7,738
5.2

7,504
5.0

7,339
4.9

7,466
4.9

7,411
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,378
9,636

5,567
9,724

5,518
9,809

–
9,614

–
9,364

–
9,526

–
9,613

–
9,807

–
9,728

1

Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,523
980
401
557
7,544
1,470
6,036
4,675
1,991
1,388
1,297
1,370

7,966
929
402
529
7,036
1,299
5,717
4,311
1,819
1,266
1,227
1,387

7,920
941
415
504
6,979
1,357
5,618
4,319
1,822
1,298
1,199
1,298

5.4
17.1
19.8
15.1
5.0
9.6
4.4
4.6
5.7
4.3
3.8
3.9

5.0
16.1
17.4
15.2
4.6
9.4
4.0
4.3
5.3
4.0
3.6
3.2

4.9
16.0
17.9
14.9
4.5
8.2
4.0
4.2
5.1
4.0
3.5
3.7

4.9
15.6
18.8
13.8
4.5
8.6
4.1
4.1
5.1
3.8
3.5
3.8

5.0
15.9
19.2
14.0
4.6
8.4
4.1
4.2
5.2
3.9
3.6
3.9

5.0
16.0
19.7
13.5
4.6
8.8
4.1
4.2
5.2
4.0
3.5
3.6

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,580
517
217
279
4,063
850
3,195
2,423
1,010
702
711
772

4,222
503
227
280
3,719
729
2,970
2,221
947
632
642
749

4,222
473
204
247
3,749
762
2,985
2,269
1,023
636
610
716

5.5
17.8
20.8
15.2
5.0
10.6
4.4
4.5
5.4
4.0
4.0
4.2

5.2
17.7
20.6
15.8
4.7
10.3
4.1
4.3
5.6
3.9
3.5
3.5

4.9
17.4
19.8
16.1
4.5
9.0
3.9
4.0
5.0
3.6
3.3
3.7

4.9
16.8
21.4
14.5
4.5
9.3
4.0
4.0
5.0
3.6
3.3
4.0

5.0
17.0
22.8
14.3
4.5
9.1
4.0
4.1
4.9
3.6
3.6
4.0

5.0
16.4
20.6
13.2
4.6
9.5
4.1
4.2
5.4
3.6
3.4
3.8

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,943
462
184
278
3,481
620
2,841
2,252
980
686
586
604

3,743
426
175
248
3,317
570
2,747
2,089
872
633
584
629

3,698
468
211
257
3,230
595
2,633
2,050
799
663
588
590

5.4
16.3
18.8
15.0
4.9
8.5
4.5
4.8
6.2
4.6
3.7
3.7

4.8
14.4
14.2
14.7
4.4
8.5
4.0
4.4
5.0
4.2
3.8
3.1

4.9
14.5
16.1
13.8
4.5
7.3
4.2
4.5
5.2
4.4
3.8
3.5

4.9
14.3
16.3
13.1
4.5
7.9
4.1
4.3
5.1
4.1
3.8
3.5

5.0
14.6
16.0
13.6
4.6
7.6
4.3
4.4
5.4
4.2
3.6
3.8

5.0
15.7
18.9
13.7
4.5
8.1
4.1
4.3
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present..................... .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,399
1,216
730

1,357
1,135
713

1,258
1,135
695

3.0
3.4
7.0

2.7
3.0
5.8

2.6
3.0
7.1

2.6
3.0
7.0

2.9
3.1
6.8

2.7
3.1
6.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,044
1,444

6,586
1,389

6,585
1,313

5.5
5.0

5.1
4.6

4.9
5.0

4.9
4.9

5.1
4.8

5.1
4.5

1

Not seasonally adjusted.
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
3
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .

3,977
871
3,106
2,224
882
780
2,465
745

4,149
1,106
3,044
2,153
891
829
2,450
688

3,716
748
2,968
2,065
903
810
2,163
724

4,130
959
3,171
2,230
941
824
2,649
867

3,796
937
2,859
2,044
815
821
2,476
858

3,664
923
2,741
1,876
865
766
2,468
827

3,749
960
2,790
1,969
821
760
2,467
833

3,835
921
2,914
2,068
845
833
2,495
778

3,855
841
3,014
2,058
957
851
2,357
839

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .

49.9
10.9
39.0
9.8
30.9
9.4

51.1
13.6
37.5
10.2
30.2
8.5

50.1
10.1
40.0
10.9
29.2
9.8

48.8
11.3
37.4
9.7
31.3
10.2

47.7
11.8
36.0
10.3
31.1
10.8

47.4
11.9
35.5
9.9
31.9
10.7

48.0
12.3
35.7
9.7
31.6
10.7

48.3
11.6
36.7
10.5
31.4
9.8

48.8
10.6
38.2
10.8
29.8
10.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .

2.5
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.6
0.5
1.5
0.4

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.6
0.5
1.7
0.6

2.4
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.4
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.4
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.4
0.5
1.5
0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,235
1,930
3,802
1,238
2,564

2,083
2,382
3,651
1,346
2,305

2,164
1,749
3,499
1,390
2,109

2,707
2,339
3,665
1,162
2,503

2,405
2,192
3,320
1,235
2,085

2,249
2,282
3,224
1,135
2,089

2,297
2,236
3,297
1,132
2,165

2,412
2,205
3,391
1,178
2,213

2,545
2,131
3,367
1,304
2,063

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32.8
13.5

29.1
12.7

29.8
13.2

30.5
11.6

27.6
10.5

28.9
10.9

29.0
11.2

28.4
11.4

27.7
11.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28.1
24.2
47.7
15.5
32.2

25.7
29.3
45.0
16.6
28.4

29.2
23.6
47.2
18.8
28.5

31.1
26.8
42.1
13.3
28.7

30.4
27.7
41.9
15.6
26.3

29.0
29.4
41.6
14.6
26.9

29.3
28.6
42.1
14.5
27.7

30.1
27.5
42.4
14.7
27.6

31.6
26.5
41.9
16.2
25.7

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations........ . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

148,587
57,953

151,075
59,690

7,966
1,435

7,413
1,251

5.1
2.4

4.7
2.1

23,960
33,993
25,419
34,129
15,875
18,253

24,868
34,822
26,357
33,347
15,788
17,559

633
802
1,733
1,852
920
932

604
647
1,517
1,753
871
882

2.6
2.3
6.4
5.1
5.5
4.9

2.4
1.8
5.4
5.0
5.2
4.8

13,584
1,036
7,734
4,814

13,751
1,114
7,934
4,703

1,097
127
718
253

942
123
586
233

7.5
10.9
8.5
5.0

6.4
9.9
6.9
4.7

17,503
8,505
8,998

17,930
8,927
9,003

1,077
494
584

1,207
554
653

5.8
5.5
6.1

6.3
5.8
6.8

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing......... . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . ......................................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

7,966
6,078
83
652
609
381
228
1,148
272
84
251
838
723
1,069
350
197
521
425

7,413
5,735
86
530
702
403
299
1,054
305
131
264
846
632
893
292
148
490
315

5.1
5.0
8.7
7.5
4.0
3.9
4.1
5.6
4.4
3.2
2.7
5.3
3.1
7.8
5.4
12.2
2.4
4.2

4.7
4.6
9.5
6.0
4.5
4.1
5.2
5.3
4.6
4.8
2.7
5.2
2.7
6.5
4.4
8.9
2.3
3.1

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2015

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Dec.
2015

Jan.
2016

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016

Apr.
2016

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.5

2.6

2.3

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

5.1

5.1

4.7

5.4

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.5

5.5

5.0

5.9

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

6.4

6.1

5.7

6.7

6.1

6.2

6.0

6.0

6.0

10.4

9.9

9.3

10.8

9.9

9.9

9.7

9.8

9.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Apr.
2015

Men
Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Women
Apr.
2016

Apr.
2015

Apr.
2016

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

93,712
6,096
2,115
756
1,360

94,481
5,671
1,715
568
1,146

37,473
2,796
1,096
450
646

37,890
2,658
870
369
500

56,238
3,300
1,019
306
713

56,592
3,014
845
199
646

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4. . . . . . . . . ................................... .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . .......... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,000
4.7
3,759
1,939
214
1,050

7,383
4.9
3,904
2,164
242
1,013

3,293
4.2
1,936
618
144
570

3,598
4.5
2,162
751
171
467

3,707
5.3
1,823
1,320
70
480

3,785
5.3
1,742
1,413
70
546

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

141,286
118,883
19,391

141,992
119,644
19,169

142,887
120,398
19,282

143,944
121,449
19,494

141,223
119,252
19,569

143,547
121,483
19,682

143,755
121,667
19,682

143,915
121,838
19,679

Change
from:
Mar.2016 Apr.2016p
160
171
-3

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

834
49.2
784.5
191.4
199.6
67.3
42.4

718
49.9
668.0
178.8
181.1
57.2
39.0

704
49.1
654.7
176.5
181.1
56.3
38.2

695
46.4
648.1
173.9
185.3
55.9
38.6

844
52.6
791.8
193.9
201.2
67.5
42.5

732
51.5
680.9
179.7
188.8
57.8
39.2

720
51.2
668.7
178.5
187.4
57.0
38.5

712
49.9
661.6
176.9
187.1
56.6
38.6

-8
-1.3
-7.1
-1.6
-0.3
-0.4
0.1

89.9
393.5

84.9
308.1

86.6
297.1

90.8
288.9

91.3
396.7

91.8
312.4

91.9
302.8

91.9
297.6

0.0
-5.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,296
1,378.2
671.3
706.9
917.3
4,000.0
1,730.3
2,269.7

6,213
1,392.6
680.4
712.2
835.5
3,985.0
1,749.5
2,235.5

6,349
1,414.4
688.8
725.6
870.8
4,064.1
1,783.0
2,281.1

6,558
1,441.9
709.3
732.6
935.9
4,180.6
1,839.9
2,340.7

6,409
1,411.6
690.1
721.5
930.8
4,066.4
1,759.0
2,307.4

6,628
1,457.9
716.8
741.1
940.7
4,229.5
1,861.7
2,367.8

6,669
1,466.4
720.5
745.9
950.9
4,251.8
1,873.2
2,378.6

6,670
1,474.6
727.6
747.0
948.7
4,246.4
1,862.3
2,384.1

1
8.2
7.1
1.1
-2.2
-5.4
-10.9
5.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,261

12,238

12,229

12,241

12,316

12,322

12,293

12,297

4

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,745
375.4
393.6
396.2
1,467.1
1,126.7
1,049.7
158.7
89.0

7,686
377.7
385.0
379.6
1,431.2
1,095.5
1,042.1
161.9
84.8

7,679
376.3
391.9
377.3
1,428.2
1,090.3
1,040.8
162.8
85.0

7,688
380.2
400.0
374.5
1,430.6
1,087.4
1,040.2
162.3
85.0

7,765
376.5
393.8
397.5
1,471.1
1,129.2
1,053.4
160.2
89.0

7,728
382.8
400.9
380.0
1,438.6
1,096.3
1,045.5
162.5
85.2

7,704
381.7
401.3
376.9
1,433.7
1,091.0
1,042.5
163.3
85.2

7,710
381.7
400.5
375.8
1,435.0
1,089.8
1,043.0
163.3
85.0

6
0.0
-0.8
-1.1
1.3
-1.2
0.5
0.0
-0.2

367.9
397.6

364.5
395.9

362.4
395.6

362.5
395.4

369.2
398.3

365.1
397.4

363.1
395.8

363.6
396.1

0.5
0.3

36.5
381.2
1,590.4
900.2
377.2

35.0
385.0
1,606.9
922.5
386.7

35.0
384.8
1,606.8
924.3
388.0

35.0
384.8
1,606.4
924.0
388.3

36.7
383.3
1,593.5
903.9
378.2

35.3
385.4
1,608.2
924.2
391.2

35.1
386.1
1,603.3
922.7
389.7

35.0
386.9
1,610.0
928.8
389.3

-0.1
0.8
6.7
6.1
-0.4

587.4

596.2

594.5

595.9

588.6

599.5

597.8

597.5

-0.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,516
1,477.6
117.2
115.3
135.4
371.8
450.2
111.4
806.2
685.3

4,552
1,497.0
114.4
116.8
134.5
371.5
443.9
111.2
816.1
688.0

4,550
1,495.1
114.0
116.5
133.4
370.2
444.6
112.6
817.9
690.3

4,553
1,496.9
113.8
115.5
132.8
371.0
444.2
114.3
815.8
690.3

4,551
1,501.8
116.9
116.5
136.3
372.4
450.8
112.2
808.2
684.3

4,594
1,518.9
114.7
117.9
134.3
373.0
446.0
115.5
817.0
690.2

4,589
1,518.6
114.0
117.3
133.6
372.2
445.6
115.6
818.1
690.7

4,587
1,520.3
113.6
116.7
133.7
371.6
445.4
115.3
817.5
689.1

-2
1.7
-0.4
-0.6
0.1
-0.6
-0.2
-0.3
-0.6
-1.6

246.0

258.3

255.4

258.0

251.7

266.3

262.8

264.2

1.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99,492

100,475

101,116

101,955

99,683

101,801

101,985

102,159

174

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26,570

26,827

26,962

27,047

26,815

27,229

27,282

27,290

8

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,847.1
2,923.3
2,024.2

5,872.5
2,934.5
2,034.1

5,898.2
2,941.3
2,045.6

5,913.4
2,945.8
2,055.0

5,861.2
2,931.7
2,027.9

5,916.1
2,948.7
2,056.8

5,925.8
2,951.4
2,059.8

5,928.5
2,954.2
2,059.4

2.7
2.8
-0.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2016p

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Change
from:
Mar.2016 Apr.2016p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

899.6

903.9

911.3

912.6

901.6

910.6

914.6

914.9

0.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,405.5
1,912.0
1,223.7
145.3
543.0
460.9
508.3

15,588.4
1,963.8
1,269.8
142.8
551.2
471.9
529.0

15,684.5
1,980.3
1,278.2
146.3
555.8
472.2
523.0

15,748.1
1,989.2
1,280.0
151.5
557.7
469.9
519.3

15,577.8
1,915.0
1,227.4
143.9
543.7
468.7
521.5

15,879.3
1,985.3
1,277.2
151.3
556.8
476.6
531.7

15,918.3
1,991.7
1,282.9
150.5
558.3
478.1
531.4

15,915.2
1,992.5
1,283.6
150.6
558.3
477.0
532.7

-3.1
0.8
0.7
0.1
0.0
-1.1
1.3

1,280.0
3,035.6
1,024.9
896.1
1,297.1

1,221.9
3,061.4
1,031.3
904.0
1,341.0

1,278.2
3,061.0
1,035.4
908.2
1,333.5

1,330.7
3,070.3
1,035.7
916.5
1,328.4

1,235.5
3,063.8
1,033.0
902.0
1,350.2

1,270.3
3,091.8
1,036.4
919.9
1,392.4

1,282.9
3,094.7
1,041.4
921.3
1,387.4

1,280.5
3,096.5
1,042.9
922.3
1,383.4

-2.4
1.8
1.5
1.0
-4.0

609.1
3,073.4
1,298.4
1,775.0
811.3
496.8

616.2
3,112.2
1,288.5
1,823.7
817.0
518.7

616.2
3,146.6
1,289.2
1,857.4
810.2
519.7

609.9
3,135.4
1,285.5
1,849.9
823.8
519.0

627.7
3,125.2
1,335.8
1,789.4
825.2
510.0

630.8
3,181.0
1,320.7
1,860.3
833.9
529.2

632.4
3,189.4
1,322.9
1,866.6
836.0
531.6

628.4
3,188.6
1,322.4
1,866.2
837.8
532.6

-4.0
-0.8
-0.5
-0.4
1.8
1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,763.9
452.8
248.6
65.6
1,429.2

4,803.1
459.9
219.5
59.1
1,432.8

4,816.3
462.3
218.8
60.2
1,433.8

4,823.3
466.2
216.4
61.3
1,443.5

4,819.9
454.3
247.3
66.5
1,449.3

4,868.3
463.7
220.8
61.0
1,465.0

4,873.2
464.7
219.3
61.8
1,462.5

4,881.8
467.1
215.6
62.1
1,463.2

8.6
2.4
-3.7
0.3
0.7

488.2
48.8
28.4
648.0
564.5
789.8

484.1
49.1
21.1
649.5
592.7
835.3

490.3
48.6
22.4
649.2
594.0
836.7

491.5
48.8
25.8
649.9
579.7
840.2

475.2
48.7
31.9
648.8
598.1
799.8

473.8
49.2
28.7
653.3
608.0
844.8

477.0
48.9
28.9
652.7
610.9
846.5

478.1
48.9
29.3
651.1
613.4
853.0

1.1
0.0
0.4
-1.6
2.5
6.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

553.6

562.8

562.9

562.4

556.0

565.3

564.7

564.8

0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,743
723.0

2,764
723.7

2,777
723.0

2,782
723.2

2,745
725.3

2,774
726.6

2,780
725.2

2,780
725.1

0
-0.1

398.7
280.0
810.6

408.3
279.9
800.0

419.4
281.2
800.4

430.1
280.2
794.2

394.6
280.3
814.0

412.2
280.6
801.0

418.2
281.1
800.3

422.4
280.4
797.8

4.2
-0.7
-2.5

294.7
236.3

296.3
255.6

297.8
255.6

299.7
254.4

292.7
237.9

297.8
255.8

298.5
256.5

297.9
256.1

-0.6
-0.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

8,049
5,990.2
17.6

8,158
6,088.9
17.8

8,182
6,104.3
17.8

8,209
6,109.2
17.8

8,089
6,014.0
17.8

8,215
6,103.3
17.9

8,229
6,118.4
18.0

8,249
6,132.8
18.0

20
14.4
0.0

2,553.1
1,677.7
1,273.6
583.8
291.6

2,574.8
1,675.6
1,261.8
600.4
298.8

2,582.2
1,681.4
1,266.2
601.0
299.8

2,586.2
1,680.9
1,265.2
602.1
303.2

2,566.3
1,681.6
1,276.3
591.3
293.5

2,582.8
1,678.2
1,263.1
604.3
300.4

2,590.5
1,684.1
1,267.0
604.9
301.5

2,598.4
1,684.4
1,267.5
609.6
304.3

7.9
0.3
0.5
4.7
2.8

896.6
2,522.9
2,058.8
1,501.8
533.7
23.3

916.4
2,579.9
2,068.9
1,518.9
526.8
23.2

918.8
2,585.5
2,077.4
1,526.5
527.7
23.2

918.3
2,586.9
2,099.4
1,537.0
539.3
23.1

899.9
2,530.0
2,075.0
1,509.8
541.6
23.6

918.7
2,583.9
2,111.2
1,543.0
544.6
23.6

921.2
2,588.7
2,110.5
1,545.1
541.9
23.5

922.2
2,594.2
2,115.7
1,545.7
546.5
23.5

1.0
5.5
5.2
0.6
4.6
0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Change
from:
Mar.2016 Apr.2016p

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,491
8,629.5
1,114.7
1,068.5
1,393.3
132.1

19,724
8,867.1
1,116.6
1,135.6
1,413.8
137.2

19,829
8,864.4
1,120.5
1,126.0
1,413.1
137.2

20,090
8,919.7
1,117.8
1,108.2
1,419.7
140.0

19,505
8,554.0
1,119.2
969.2
1,401.3
132.2

20,014
8,806.2
1,123.1
1,008.7
1,433.4
139.1

20,051
8,814.0
1,124.0
1,010.2
1,431.5
138.7

20,116
8,845.1
1,122.5
1,011.1
1,428.5
140.2

65
31.1
-1.5
0.9
-3.0
1.5

1,888.2

1,958.0

1,951.5

1,975.0

1,887.8

1,963.7

1,968.0

1,975.3

7.3

1,255.4

1,298.9

1,299.4

1,329.3

1,262.3

1,311.2

1,313.5

1,334.1

20.6

652.4
477.0
647.9
2,188.2
8,673.1
8,282.2
467.6
139.5
3,438.7
2,798.3
891.2

656.5
489.9
660.6
2,246.1
8,611.0
8,217.8
482.1
143.7
3,425.2
2,766.7
903.9

661.1
488.7
666.9
2,251.9
8,713.0
8,315.8
483.5
146.7
3,461.6
2,803.5
904.9

662.9
493.7
673.1
2,249.8
8,920.7
8,517.1
484.6
144.9
3,523.2
2,852.8
905.2

652.9
478.9
650.2
2,200.1
8,751.1
8,355.6
468.0
138.8
3,500.4
2,851.5
895.4

661.8
492.9
672.3
2,257.2
8,950.2
8,547.4
484.3
143.7
3,576.2
2,898.1
902.0

663.0
491.7
673.4
2,259.2
8,978.0
8,572.3
485.1
146.0
3,581.8
2,907.4
905.7

663.5
495.3
674.5
2,262.0
9,008.8
8,601.3
484.9
144.3
3,597.3
2,916.7
908.4

0.5
3.6
1.1
2.8
30.8
29.0
-0.2
-1.7
15.5
9.3
2.7

200.3
858.2
1,984.8
301.9

198.8
880.0
1,869.0
315.1

202.2
881.5
1,917.8
317.6

203.6
887.0
2,050.8
317.8

200.2
866.7
1,984.1
302.0

202.7
888.1
2,032.8
317.5

203.3
888.2
2,044.4
317.8

203.7
894.5
2,050.0
318.1

0.4
6.3
5.6
0.3

390.9

393.2

397.2

403.6

395.5

402.8

405.7

407.5

1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,091
3,630.0
18,461.0
14,940.0
6,800.2
2,511.5
901.3
805.1
738.2
255.8
1,302.6

22,581
3,646.0
18,935.3
15,337.6
7,011.4
2,577.0
925.8
835.8
762.0
256.5
1,363.8

22,671
3,676.2
18,994.4
15,383.0
7,039.4
2,585.2
923.6
840.0
765.2
258.9
1,374.1

22,767
3,712.5
19,054.7
15,441.8
7,073.9
2,585.9
929.1
848.7
773.8
260.6
1,382.8

21,905
3,454.3
18,450.5
14,962.4
6,807.6
2,515.9
904.4
804.1
738.2
255.6
1,303.4

22,481
3,505.3
18,976.1
15,387.3
7,036.1
2,581.9
928.5
838.4
764.8
257.2
1,372.4

22,524
3,513.7
19,010.1
15,420.2
7,059.1
2,588.0
929.4
842.2
767.1
259.1
1,379.8

22,578
3,529.6
19,048.3
15,464.4
7,078.4
2,590.0
931.2
846.2
773.5
260.3
1,383.3

54
15.9
38.2
44.2
19.3
2.0
1.8
4.0
6.4
1.2
3.5

285.7
4,863.9
3,275.9
1,644.3
604.2

290.5
5,025.4
3,300.8
1,644.4
610.0

292.4
5,036.6
3,307.0
1,645.6
612.5

293.0
5,057.0
3,310.9
1,649.6
609.5

286.2
4,871.0
3,283.8
1,647.9
606.3

293.1
5,033.3
3,317.9
1,654.1
612.8

293.5
5,042.5
3,318.6
1,652.0
613.9

293.9
5,065.4
3,320.6
1,653.8
612.3

0.4
22.9
2.0
1.8
-1.6

864.7
162.7
3,521.0
2,136.7
154.6
334.6
895.1

885.3
161.1
3,597.7
2,198.0
156.5
332.7
910.5

886.7
162.2
3,611.4
2,202.3
158.2
333.0
917.9

889.0
162.8
3,612.9
2,201.2
156.6
336.3
918.8

866.3
163.3
3,488.1
2,122.8
154.7
338.2
872.4

888.0
163.1
3,588.8
2,198.2
157.5
337.5
895.5

889.4
163.3
3,589.9
2,197.6
158.3
337.4
896.7

891.4
163.2
3,583.9
2,192.1
156.7
339.1
896.0

2.0
-0.1
-6.0
-5.5
-1.6
1.7
-0.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .

14,938
2,089.8
456.7

14,795
1,987.3
433.2

15,040
2,063.4
453.0

15,376
2,170.1
486.4

15,010
2,143.7
447.3

15,413
2,208.4
469.6

15,437
2,222.2
472.2

15,459
2,226.0
475.7

22
3.8
3.5

149.0
1,484.1
12,848.4

138.9
1,415.2
12,807.3

145.6
1,464.8
12,976.3

153.0
1,530.7
13,205.6

150.8
1,545.6
12,866.0

151.0
1,587.8
13,204.3

153.3
1,596.7
13,214.5

154.5
1,595.8
13,232.8

1.2
-0.9
18.3

Industry

Private service-providing - Continued

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Change
from:
Mar.2016 Apr.2016p

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,866.1
10,982.3

1,846.1
10,961.2

1,860.5
11,115.8

1,878.2
11,327.4

1,909.2
10,956.8

1,929.1
11,275.2

1,924.4
11,290.1

1,924.5
11,308.3

0.1
18.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,610
1,273.7
1,399.3
2,937.3

5,626
1,286.8
1,402.1
2,936.7

5,655
1,289.5
1,415.8
2,949.7

5,684
1,294.0
1,431.2
2,959.0

5,614
1,269.3
1,397.3
2,947.6

5,675
1,293.6
1,420.6
2,960.4

5,682
1,291.4
1,425.1
2,965.7

5,687
1,290.6
1,428.8
2,967.2

5
-0.8
3.7
1.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,403
2,757.0
2,151.1
606.2
5,260.0
2,588.0
2,671.8
14,386.0
8,159.0
6,226.9

22,348
2,752.0
2,150.4
602.0
5,234.0
2,576.0
2,657.8
14,362.0
8,110.1
6,251.7

22,489
2,757.0
2,152.2
604.5
5,268.0
2,599.2
2,668.4
14,464.0
8,174.7
6,289.1

22,495
2,760.0
2,158.2
602.0
5,272.0
2,603.1
2,668.7
14,463.0
8,143.9
6,319.0

21,971
2,750.0
2,153.8
595.9
5,096.0
2,421.6
2,674.1
14,125.0
7,816.7
6,308.4

22,064
2,765.0
2,163.3
601.3
5,108.0
2,436.6
2,671.0
14,191.0
7,812.0
6,378.8

22,088
2,766.0
2,162.1
603.8
5,112.0
2,437.4
2,674.6
14,210.0
7,819.0
6,391.2

22,077
2,757.0
2,161.2
595.9
5,110.0
2,438.0
2,671.7
14,210.0
7,810.5
6,399.3

-11
-9.0
-0.9
-7.9
-2.0
0.6
-2.9
0.0
-8.5
8.1

Industry

Accommodation and food services Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.5
40.3
44.1
38.9
40.7
41.1
40.1
33.3
34.5
38.8
31.3
38.9
42.7
36.3
37.6
36.0
32.8
26.2
31.7

34.4
40.2
43.2
38.9
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.3
34.5
38.9
31.2
38.9
41.5
35.9
37.6
36.1
32.8
26.2
31.9

34.4
40.1
42.6
38.7
40.7
41.1
39.8
33.3
34.4
38.8
31.1
38.8
42.0
35.9
37.6
36.0
32.9
26.1
31.8

34.5
40.3
43.2
39.1
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.3
34.4
38.9
31.1
38.8
42.4
35.8
37.6
36.2
32.9
26.2
31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. .

3.3
3.3
3.4

3.3
3.3
3.4

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.2

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . .................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$24.91
26.09
30.90
27.28
25.14
26.45
22.85
24.63
21.71
28.49
17.35
22.89
36.96
34.74
31.37
29.97
25.14
14.28
22.34

$25.39
26.55
31.51
27.72
25.63
26.96
23.32
25.11
22.10
29.09
17.73
23.09
37.90
36.17
32.02
30.50
25.60
14.63
22.79

$25.45
26.64
31.73
27.83
25.72
27.03
23.44
25.18
22.22
29.29
17.79
23.08
39.41
36.07
32.15
30.55
25.59
14.69
22.76

$25.53
26.79
32.02
27.90
25.90
27.20
23.63
25.24
22.24
29.36
17.75
23.10
39.79
36.26
32.21
30.61
25.67
14.75
22.80

$859.40
1,051.43
1,362.69
1,061.19
1,023.20
1,087.10
916.29
820.18
749.00
1,105.41
543.06
890.42
1,578.19
1,261.06
1,179.51
1,078.92
824.59
374.14
708.18

$873.42
1,067.31
1,361.23
1,078.31
1,043.14
1,110.75
930.47
836.16
762.45
1,131.60
553.18
898.20
1,572.85
1,298.50
1,203.95
1,101.05
839.68
383.31
727.00

$875.48
1,068.26
1,351.70
1,077.02
1,046.80
1,110.93
932.91
838.49
764.37
1,136.45
553.27
895.50
1,655.22
1,294.91
1,208.84
1,099.80
841.91
383.41
723.77

$880.79
1,079.64
1,383.26
1,090.89
1,054.13
1,120.64
942.84
840.49
765.06
1,142.10
552.03
896.28
1,687.10
1,298.11
1,211.10
1,108.08
844.54
386.45
727.32

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2016 Apr.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

103.3
89.8
117.0
85.9
90.2
89.9
91.1
106.8
100.6
99.2
99.0
107.3
102.7
91.0
99.6
110.4
117.3
112.2
102.6

104.9
90.1
99.4
88.9
90.2
89.6
91.5
109.1
102.2
100.4
100.6
108.4
101.5
90.9
101.2
113.6
120.4
115.2
104.4

105.1
89.9
96.4
89.0
90.0
89.1
91.1
109.3
102.1
100.3
100.6
108.2
102.6
91.1
101.3
113.5
121.0
115.0
104.2

105.5
90.4
96.7
89.9
90.0
89.4
91.3
109.4
102.1
100.6
100.5
108.4
103.6
90.9
101.6
114.5
121.3
115.6
104.6

0.4
0.6
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
-0.1
0.2
1.0
-0.2
0.3
0.9
0.2
0.5
0.4

1

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2016 Apr.
2016p

123.0
105.9
145.1
101.9
105.4
105.5
105.6
127.8
117.6
118.0
113.6
124.7
125.4
112.6
121.9
134.1
141.8
129.3
125.6

127.3
108.2
125.7
107.0
107.5
107.3
108.2
133.1
121.5
121.9
118.0
127.0
127.1
117.1
126.3
140.4
148.2
136.0
130.4

127.8
108.3
122.8
107.6
107.7
107.0
108.4
133.7
122.1
122.6
118.3
126.7
133.6
117.1
127.1
140.5
148.9
136.2
130.0

128.8
109.4
124.3
109.0
108.5
108.0
109.5
134.2
122.2
123.3
118.0
127.1
136.2
117.3
127.6
142.0
149.7
137.5
130.7

0.8
1.0
1.2
1.3
0.7
0.9
1.0
0.4
0.1
0.6
-0.3
0.3
1.9
0.2
0.4
1.1
0.5
1.0
0.5

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

69,649
57,084
4,278
116
809
3,353
1,801
1,552
52,806
10,854
1,729.9
7,844.0
1,146.5
133.6
1,099
4,621
8,670
16,850
7,784
2,928
12,565

71,009
58,381
4,296
105
826
3,365
1,802
1,563
54,085
11,053
1,744.4
8,016.8
1,157.0
134.7
1,109
4,691
8,970
17,309
7,988
2,965
12,628

71,144
58,501
4,297
104
832
3,361
1,800
1,561
54,204
11,082
1,748.1
8,043.5
1,156.4
134.3
1,110
4,701
8,997
17,344
7,999
2,971
12,643

71,283
58,644
4,304
103
836
3,365
1,804
1,561
54,340
11,109
1,753.6
8,061.6
1,160.0
133.5
1,109
4,704
9,058
17,367
8,018
2,975
12,639

49.3
47.9
21.9
13.7
12.6
27.2
23.2
34.1
53.0
40.5
29.5
50.4
23.8
24.0
40.0
57.1
44.5
76.9
51.9
52.2
57.2

49.5
48.1
21.8
14.3
12.5
27.3
23.3
34.0
53.1
40.6
29.5
50.5
23.8
23.8
40.0
57.1
44.8
77.0
51.8
52.2
57.2

49.5
48.1
21.8
14.4
12.5
27.3
23.4
34.0
53.1
40.6
29.5
50.5
23.7
23.8
39.9
57.1
44.9
77.0
51.8
52.3
57.2

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.5
12.5
27.4
23.4
34.0
53.2
40.7
29.6
50.7
23.8
23.6
39.9
57.0
45.0
76.9
51.9
52.3
57.2

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........ . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . ......................................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

98,313
14,100
618
4,823
8,659
5,342
3,317
84,213
22,581
4,713.0
13,253.1
4,167.8
447.4
2,220
6,247
16,032
19,223
13,240
4,670

100,075
14,191
526
5,000
8,665
5,320
3,345
85,884
22,892
4,739.9
13,487.8
4,211.4
452.5
2,242
6,360
16,405
19,723
13,547
4,715

100,212
14,183
511
5,027
8,645
5,308
3,337
86,029
22,944
4,741.1
13,534.7
4,216.3
452.1
2,247
6,376
16,414
19,754
13,581
4,713

100,356
14,186
503
5,046
8,637
5,304
3,333
86,170
22,935
4,740.9
13,520.6
4,220.5
452.6
2,246
6,392
16,472
19,805
13,604
4,716

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.7
41.2
45.8
39.6
41.8
42.0
41.4
32.4
33.6
38.6
30.0
38.6
42.4
35.8
37.0
35.2
32.2
25.0
30.6

33.7
41.2
44.7
39.9
41.8
42.2
41.1
32.4
33.6
38.6
29.9
38.9
41.7
35.5
37.1
35.4
32.2
24.9
30.7

33.6
40.9
44.3
39.2
41.7
42.1
41.1
32.4
33.5
38.5
29.7
38.9
42.1
35.4
37.1
35.5
32.2
24.9
30.7

33.7
41.2
44.7
39.7
41.9
42.3
41.2
32.4
33.5
38.6
29.8
38.8
42.2
35.4
37.0
35.5
32.2
25.0
30.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.... . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. .

4.3
4.3
4.3

4.3
4.4
4.1

4.3
4.4
4.2

4.4
4.6
4.1

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . .................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$20.93
21.88
26.35
25.14
19.81
20.88
18.06
20.73
18.57
23.54
14.69
20.75
33.86
28.90
25.19
24.64
22.00
12.37
18.90

$21.35
22.25
26.83
25.41
20.21
21.28
18.47
21.16
18.86
23.96
14.96
20.95
34.63
29.76
25.92
25.13
22.42
12.68
19.20

$21.40
22.35
26.76
25.65
20.28
21.33
18.55
21.20
18.93
24.05
15.03
20.96
34.62
29.69
26.05
25.17
22.39
12.73
19.15

$21.45
22.46
27.13
25.65
20.40
21.46
18.65
21.24
18.92
24.07
15.00
20.93
35.08
29.84
26.23
25.22
22.45
12.78
19.19

$705.34
901.46
1,206.83
995.54
828.06
876.96
747.68
671.65
623.95
908.64
440.70
800.95
1,435.66
1,034.62
932.03
867.33
708.40
309.25
578.34

$719.50
916.70
1,199.30
1,013.86
844.78
898.02
759.12
685.58
633.70
924.86
447.30
814.96
1,444.07
1,056.48
961.63
889.60
721.92
315.73
589.44

$719.04
914.12
1,185.47
1,005.48
845.68
897.99
762.41
686.88
634.16
925.93
446.39
815.34
1,457.50
1,051.03
966.46
893.54
720.96
316.98
587.91

$722.87
925.35
1,212.71
1,018.31
854.76
907.76
768.38
688.18
633.82
929.10
447.00
812.08
1,480.38
1,056.34
970.51
895.31
722.89
319.50
592.97

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2016 Apr.
2016p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110.4
88.8
150.4
95.6
83.1
84.3
80.9
116.2
105.8
107.1
100.6
121.1
97.0
90.7
108.8
126.5
131.9
121.2
100.2

112.4
89.3
124.9
99.9
83.1
84.4
81.0
118.5
107.2
107.7
102.1
123.3
96.5
90.8
111.1
130.2
135.4
123.6
101.5

112.2
88.6
120.3
98.7
82.8
84.0
80.8
118.7
107.2
107.5
101.8
123.5
97.3
90.8
111.4
130.6
135.6
123.9
101.5

112.7
89.3
119.5
100.3
83.1
84.3
80.9
118.9
107.1
107.8
102.0
123.3
97.7
90.7
111.3
131.1
135.9
124.6
102.2

0.4
0.8
-0.7
1.6
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
-0.1
0.3
0.2
-0.2
0.4
-0.1
-0.1
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.7

1

Apr.
2015

Feb.
2016

Mar.
2016p

Apr.
2016p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2016 Apr.
2016p

154.4
118.9
230.5
129.8
107.6
109.9
103.3
165.2
140.1
148.6
126.7
159.4
137.1
129.8
168.6
185.4
191.6
170.3
138.0

160.3
121.7
195.0
137.1
109.9
112.1
105.7
172.0
144.3
152.1
130.9
163.9
139.5
133.8
177.1
194.6
200.3
177.9
142.0

160.4
121.3
187.2
136.7
109.8
111.8
105.9
172.6
144.7
152.3
131.1
164.2
140.7
133.4
178.5
195.6
200.4
179.1
141.6

161.5
122.8
188.5
138.9
110.8
112.9
106.6
173.2
144.6
152.8
131.1
163.7
143.0
134.1
179.7
196.7
201.4
180.8
142.9

0.7
1.2
0.7
1.6
0.9
1.0
0.7
0.3
-0.1
0.3
0.0
-0.3
1.6
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.9
0.9

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.