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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 4, 2012

USDL-12-0816

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — APRIL 2012
(NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and
Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Errors are found in Summary table B and table
B-5. Additional information is available at www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm.)

Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 115,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was little
changed at 8.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in
professional and business services, retail trade, and health care, but declined in transportation and
warehousing.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
April 2010 – April 2012

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted, April 2010 – April 2012

Percent
11.0

Thousands
600
500

10.0

400
300

9.0

200
100

8.0

0
-100

7.0
A pr-10

-200
Jul-10

Oct-10

Jan-11

A pr-11

Jul-11

Oct-11 Jan-12

A pr-12

A pr-10

Jul-10

Oct-10 Jan-11 A pr-11

Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 A pr-12

Household Survey Data
Both the number of unemployed persons (12.5 million) and the unemployment rate (8.1 percent)
changed little in April. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (7.5 percent), adult women
(7.4 percent), teenagers (24.9 percent), whites (7.4 percent), and Hispanics (10.3 percent) showed little
or no change in April, while the rate for blacks (13.0 percent) declined over the month. The jobless rate

for Asians was 5.2 percent in April (not seasonally adjusted), little changed from a year earlier. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) was little changed at 5.1
million in April. These individuals made up 41.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number
of long-term unemployed has fallen by 759,000. (See table A-12.)
The civilian labor force participation rate declined in April to 63.6 percent, while the employmentpopulation ratio, at 58.4 percent, changed little. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged in April at 7.9 million. These individuals were
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time
job. (See table A-8.)
In April, 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged from
a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 968,000 discouraged workers in April, about the same as a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently
looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 million persons
marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 115,000 in April. This increase followed a gain of 154,000
in March and gains averaging 252,000 per month for December to February. In April, employment rose
in professional and business services, retail trade, and health care. Transportation and warehousing lost
jobs over the month. (See table B-1.)
Employment in professional and business services increased by 62,000 in April. Since a recent low
point in September 2009, employment in this industry has grown by 1.5 million. In April, employment
in temporary help services edged up by 21,000. Employment grew in architectural and engineering
services (+7,000) and in computer systems design and related services (+7,000).
Retail trade employment rose by 29,000 over the month. General merchandise stores added 21,000 jobs
in April but has shown no definitive trend in recent months. Employment in building material and
garden supply stores continued to trend up; the industry has added 19,000 jobs since December.
Health care continued to add jobs (+19,000) in April. Within the industry, employment in ambulatory
health care services, which includes home health care and offices of physicians, rose by 15,000.
Within leisure and hospitality, employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up
(+20,000) in April. Since February 2010, food services and drinking places has added 576,000 jobs.

-2-

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up (+16,000) in April, with job growth in fabricated
metal products (+6,000) and machinery (+5,000). Since its most recent employment low in January
2010, manufacturing has added 489,000 jobs, largely in durable goods manufacturing.
Transportation and warehousing lost 17,000 jobs in April, with employment declines in transit and
ground passenger transportation (-11,000) and in couriers and messengers (-7,000).
Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, construction, wholesale trade,
information, financial activities, and government changed little in April.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in
April. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and factory overtime rose by
0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 1 cent to
$23.38. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.8 percent. In April,
average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 3 cents
to $19.72. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +240,000 to +259,000,
and the change for March was revised from +120,000 to +154,000.

The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 1, 2012, at 8:30
a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Change from:
Mar. 2012Apr. 2012

Apr.
2012

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed................................................................... .
Employment-population ratio.......................................... .
Unemployed................................................................ .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

239,146
153,420
64.2
139,628
58.4
13,792
9.0
85,726

242,435
154,871
63.9
142,065
58.6
12,806
8.3
87,564

242,604
154,707
63.8
142,034
58.5
12,673
8.2
87,897

242,784
154,365
63.6
141,865
58.4
12,500
8.1
88,419

180
-342
-0.2
-169
-0.1
-173
-0.1
522

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over)............................................. .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ .

9.0
8.8
7.9
24.9
8.1
16.2
6.4
11.8

8.3
7.7
7.7
23.8
7.3
14.1
6.3
10.7

8.2
7.6
7.4
25.0
7.3
14.0
6.2
10.3

8.1
7.5
7.4
24.9
7.4
13.0
5.2
10.3

-0.1
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
0.1
-1.0
–
0.0

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.6
14.6
9.7
7.5
4.5

7.0
12.9
8.3
7.3
4.2

6.8
12.6
8.0
7.5
4.2

6.8
12.5
7.9
7.6
4.0

0.0
-0.1
-0.1
0.1
-0.2

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
Reentrants....................................................................... .
New entrants.................................................................... .

8,181
944
3,387
1,322

7,209
1,031
3,361
1,392

7,020
1,117
3,269
1,433

6,852
997
3,341
1,384

-168
-120
72
-49

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks................................................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,725
2,931
2,058
5,860

2,541
2,807
1,971
5,426

2,572
2,754
1,867
5,308

2,543
2,814
1,884
5,101

-29
60
17
-207

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions......................................... .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,571
5,714
2,444
18,326

8,119
5,446
2,404
18,827

7,672
5,081
2,341
18,523

7,853
5,187
2,367
18,832

181
106
26
309

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,466
989

2,608
1,006

2,352
865

2,363
968

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not
necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

251
264
39
12
-1
28
19
2.8
9
225
7.2
67.5
10.0
-1
-4
50
-1.3
55
37.6
36
3
-13

259
254
36
7
-1
30
27
4.8
3
218
7.0
-15.2
14.3
8
7
89
49.6
71
48.9
45
-9
5

154
166
38
0
-3
41
28
11.5
13
128
2.9
-20.9
1.8
-6
14
37
-9.4
45
26.8
52
2
-12

115
130
14
0
-2
16
15
1.3
1
116
7.4
29.3
-16.6
-2
1
62
21.1
23
18.4
12
-2
-15

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49.5
48.0
82.4

49.3
47.8
82.6

49.3
47.8
82.6

49.3
47.8
82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34.4
$ 22.97
$790.17
94.0
0.5
102.9
0.8

34.6
$ 23.33
$807.22
96.0
0.5
106.8
0.8

34.5
$ 23.37
$806.27
95.9
-0.1
106.8
0.0

34.5
$ 23.38
$806.61
96.0
0.1
107.0
0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.7
$ 19.39
$653.44
101.2
0.6
131.1
0.8

33.8
$ 19.65
$664.17
103.3
0.3
135.7
0.5

33.8
$ 19.69
$665.52
103.5
0.2
136.1
0.3

33.8
$ 19.72
$666.54
103.6
0.1
136.5
0.3

65.2
66.7

62.2
63.0

64.7
69.8

56.8
59.9

Category

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (266 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (81 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing
industries.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Additional information is available at
www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment
and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller
margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of
its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically
significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the
household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than
the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household
survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it
is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not
collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify
the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records.
The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information
on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with
fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the
total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment
change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that
forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the
net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth
of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance
benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who
are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People
on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or
question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including
those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In
addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and
other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.
How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month.
Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for
holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but
not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off
work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as
those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to
be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have
a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay
period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the
effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the
month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed
whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire
week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most
requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey
(CES; establishment survey). The household survey
provides information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census
Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program
surveys about 141,000 businesses and government
agencies, representing approximately 486,000 individual
worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately onethird of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the
calendar week.

unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or
unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment
rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
Additional information about the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between
the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2012
version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.



The household survey includes agricultural
workers, the self-employed, unpaid family
workers, and private household workers among the
employed. These groups are excluded from the
establishment survey.



The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.



The household survey is limited to workers 16
years of age and older. The establishment survey is
not limited by age.



The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large
number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely
to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative
to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of
economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the
establishment survey, payroll employment in education
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-tomonth economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted
component series. For example, total unemployment is
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment
estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the
total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more
detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the "true" population values they represent. The
exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the
particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the
establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by
these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within
this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however,
the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval
would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least
a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact,
risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5
percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
change in unemployment as measured by the household
survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in
the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information on a timely
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes

employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them
the same employment trend as the other firms in the
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net
birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

239,146
152,898
63.9
139,661
58.4
13,237
8.7
86,248
6,482

242,604
154,316
63.6
141,412
58.3
12,904
8.4
88,288
6,041

242,784
153,905
63.4
141,995
58.5
11,910
7.7
88,879
6,328

239,146
153,420
64.2
139,628
58.4
13,792
9.0
85,726
6,518

240,584
153,887
64.0
140,790
58.5
13,097
8.5
86,697
6,385

242,269
154,395
63.7
141,637
58.5
12,758
8.3
87,874
6,319

242,435
154,871
63.9
142,065
58.6
12,806
8.3
87,564
6,378

242,604
154,707
63.8
142,034
58.5
12,673
8.2
87,897
6,299

242,784
154,365
63.6
141,865
58.4
12,500
8.1
88,419
6,366

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116,067
81,354
70.1
73,761
63.6
7,593
9.3
34,713

116,986
81,830
69.9
74,507
63.7
7,323
8.9
35,156

117,081
81,629
69.7
75,074
64.1
6,555
8.0
35,452

116,067
81,716
70.4
73,969
63.7
7,747
9.5
34,350

116,832
82,373
70.5
75,235
64.4
7,138
8.7
34,459

116,808
82,070
70.3
75,288
64.5
6,781
8.3
34,739

116,896
82,165
70.3
75,318
64.4
6,846
8.3
34,732

116,986
82,179
70.2
75,369
64.4
6,810
8.3
34,807

117,081
81,983
70.0
75,256
64.3
6,727
8.2
35,098

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107,469
78,702
73.2
71,822
66.8
6,880
8.7
28,767

108,289
79,175
73.1
72,567
67.0
6,608
8.3
29,114

108,396
78,839
72.7
73,010
67.4
5,829
7.4
29,557

107,469
78,895
73.4
71,942
66.9
6,953
8.8
28,573

108,290
79,436
73.4
73,080
67.5
6,356
8.0
28,854

108,087
79,234
73.3
73,170
67.7
6,064
7.7
28,853

108,188
79,317
73.3
73,240
67.7
6,077
7.7
28,870

108,289
79,337
73.3
73,286
67.7
6,051
7.6
28,952

108,396
79,050
72.9
73,119
67.5
5,930
7.5
29,346

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,079
71,544
58.1
65,900
53.5
5,644
7.9
51,535

125,619
72,486
57.7
66,906
53.3
5,580
7.7
53,133

125,703
72,276
57.5
66,921
53.2
5,355
7.4
53,427

123,079
71,704
58.3
65,659
53.3
6,045
8.4
51,376

123,753
71,514
57.8
65,555
53.0
5,959
8.3
52,238

125,461
72,326
57.6
66,349
52.9
5,977
8.3
53,135

125,539
72,706
57.9
66,747
53.2
5,960
8.2
52,833

125,619
72,529
57.7
66,665
53.1
5,863
8.1
53,090

125,703
72,382
57.6
66,609
53.0
5,773
8.0
53,321

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114,868
68,863
59.9
63,733
55.5
5,130
7.4
46,005

117,260
69,755
59.5
64,756
55.2
4,998
7.2
47,505

117,353
69,643
59.3
64,822
55.2
4,820
6.9
47,711

114,868
68,860
59.9
63,431
55.2
5,430
7.9
46,008

115,602
68,748
59.5
63,323
54.8
5,425
7.9
46,854

117,082
69,449
59.3
64,078
54.7
5,370
7.7
47,634

117,170
69,815
59.6
64,454
55.0
5,361
7.7
47,355

117,260
69,589
59.3
64,413
54.9
5,176
7.4
47,671

117,353
69,562
59.3
64,425
54.9
5,137
7.4
47,791

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,809
5,333
31.7
4,106
24.4
1,227
23.0
11,476

17,056
5,386
31.6
4,089
24.0
1,297
24.1
11,669

17,034
5,423
31.8
4,163
24.4
1,260
23.2
11,611

16,809
5,665
33.7
4,255
25.3
1,410
24.9
11,145

16,693
5,704
34.2
4,387
26.3
1,316
23.1
10,989

17,100
5,713
33.4
4,389
25.7
1,324
23.2
11,387

17,078
5,739
33.6
4,371
25.6
1,367
23.8
11,339

17,056
5,781
33.9
4,335
25.4
1,447
25.0
11,274

17,034
5,753
33.8
4,321
25.4
1,432
24.9
11,282

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

192,771
124,140
64.4
114,597
59.4
9,542
7.7
68,632

192,788
123,209
63.9
113,909
59.1
9,301
7.5
69,579

192,893
122,997
63.8
114,313
59.3
8,684
7.1
69,896

192,771
124,642
64.7
114,603
59.5
10,039
8.1
68,129

193,682
124,543
64.3
115,254
59.5
9,288
7.5
69,139

192,600
123,579
64.2
114,458
59.4
9,121
7.4
69,021

192,691
123,848
64.3
114,754
59.6
9,094
7.3
68,843

192,788
123,713
64.2
114,697
59.5
9,016
7.3
69,076

192,893
123,499
64.0
114,355
59.3
9,144
7.4
69,394

64,904
73.7
59,869
68.0
5,035
7.8

64,340
73.5
59,532
68.0
4,808
7.5

64,212
73.3
59,975
68.5
4,237
6.6

65,083
73.9
59,909
68.1
5,175
8.0

65,373
73.8
60,751
68.6
4,623
7.1

64,495
73.8
60,059
68.7
4,436
6.9

64,642
73.9
60,245
68.9
4,397
6.8

64,552
73.8
60,192
68.8
4,360
6.8

64,410
73.5
60,046
68.6
4,364
6.8

54,882
59.7
51,275
55.8
3,606
6.6

54,476
58.9
50,959
55.1
3,517
6.5

54,421
58.8
50,919
55.0
3,502
6.4

54,898
59.7
51,065
55.6
3,833
7.0

54,481
59.0
50,768
55.0
3,713
6.8

54,434
58.9
50,729
54.9
3,705
6.8

54,609
59.0
50,890
55.0
3,719
6.8

54,473
58.9
50,873
55.0
3,600
6.6

54,435
58.8
50,719
54.8
3,716
6.8

4,354
33.9
3,453
26.9
901
20.7

4,393
34.6
3,418
26.9
976
22.2

4,365
34.4
3,419
26.9
946
21.7

4,661
36.3
3,629
28.3
1,031
22.1

4,688
36.8
3,736
29.3
952
20.3

4,650
36.5
3,670
28.8
980
21.1

4,596
36.1
3,619
28.4
977
21.3

4,688
36.9
3,632
28.6
1,056
22.5

4,654
36.7
3,591
28.3
1,063
22.8

29,035
17,765
61.2
14,966
51.5
2,799
15.8
11,270

29,792
18,339
61.6
15,829
53.1
2,510
13.7
11,453

29,824
18,227
61.1
15,940
53.4
2,286
12.5
11,597

29,035
17,847
61.5
14,964
51.5
2,883
16.2
11,187

29,286
18,110
61.8
15,248
52.1
2,862
15.8
11,176

29,727
18,206
61.2
15,725
52.9
2,482
13.6
11,521

29,760
18,363
61.7
15,769
53.0
2,593
14.1
11,398

29,792
18,427
61.9
15,843
53.2
2,584
14.0
11,365

29,824
18,274
61.3
15,891
53.3
2,383
13.0
11,550

8,091
68.4
6,688
56.5
1,403
17.3

8,262
68.2
7,044
58.1
1,218
14.7

8,133
67.0
7,018
57.8
1,114
13.7

8,102
68.5
6,723
56.8
1,379
17.0

8,272
69.0
6,969
58.2
1,302
15.7

8,256
68.4
7,205
59.7
1,052
12.7

8,239
68.1
7,064
58.4
1,175
14.3

8,283
68.4
7,137
58.9
1,147
13.8

8,162
67.3
7,054
58.1
1,108
13.6

9,032
61.9
7,877
54.0
1,155
12.8

9,445
62.9
8,393
55.9
1,052
11.1

9,459
62.9
8,503
56.6
956
10.1

9,060
62.1
7,839
53.7
1,221
13.5

9,160
62.2
7,885
53.5
1,275
13.9

9,287
62.0
8,113
54.2
1,174
12.6

9,410
62.8
8,240
55.0
1,171
12.4

9,473
63.1
8,307
55.4
1,166
12.3

9,443
62.8
8,423
56.1
1,019
10.8

642
24.6
402
15.4
241
37.5

632
23.7
392
14.7
239
37.9

635
23.9
419
15.7
216
34.1

686
26.3
403
15.5
283
41.3

679
26.5
393
15.3
286
42.1

663
24.7
407
15.2
255
38.5

713
26.6
466
17.4
247
34.7

671
25.1
399
14.9
272
40.5

669
25.1
413
15.5
256
38.2

11,378

12,766

12,774

–

–

–

–

–

–

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2011
7,295
64.1
6,832
60.0
463
6.4
4,083

Mar.
2012
8,113
63.6
7,607
59.6
506
6.2
4,652

Apr.
2012
7,965
62.4
7,553
59.1
412
5.2
4,809

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Jan.
2012
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Feb.
2012
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Mar.
2012
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Apr.
2012
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

34,233
22,672
66.2
20,124
58.8
2,548
11.2
11,561

36,463
24,109
66.1
21,510
59.0
2,598
10.8
12,354

36,546
24,201
66.2
21,839
59.8
2,362
9.8
12,345

34,233
22,783
66.6
20,102
58.7
2,680
11.8
11,450

34,885
23,270
66.7
20,699
59.3
2,571
11.0
11,615

36,301
24,045
66.2
21,513
59.3
2,532
10.5
12,256

36,384
24,206
66.5
21,628
59.4
2,579
10.7
12,178

36,463
24,128
66.2
21,638
59.3
2,491
10.3
12,335

36,546
24,253
66.4
21,755
59.5
2,498
10.3
12,293

12,899
81.4
11,568
73.0
1,331
10.3

13,246
80.8
11,952
72.9
1,294
9.8

13,284
80.8
12,146
73.9
1,138
8.6

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

8,896
59.3
7,884
52.6
1,012
11.4

9,813
59.8
8,829
53.8
984
10.0

9,826
59.7
8,886
54.0
939
9.6

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

878
25.9
672
19.8
206
23.4

1,050
28.8
730
20.0
320
30.5

1,092
29.9
807
22.1
285
26.1

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release
of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

11,703
46.1
10,000
39.4
1,703
14.5

11,349
45.7
9,788
39.4
1,561
13.8

11,490
45.7
10,069
40.1
1,421
12.4

11,558
45.5
9,869
38.8
1,689
14.6

11,688
46.7
10,080
40.3
1,608
13.8

11,469
45.6
9,968
39.7
1,501
13.1

11,488
46.6
10,006
40.6
1,483
12.9

11,493
46.3
10,044
40.4
1,449
12.6

11,366
45.2
9,947
39.6
1,419
12.5

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

37,485
60.4
33,886
54.6
3,599
9.6

36,614
59.2
33,402
54.0
3,212
8.8

36,812
59.3
33,959
54.7
2,852
7.7

37,483
60.4
33,864
54.6
3,619
9.7

36,902
59.8
33,684
54.5
3,218
8.7

36,850
59.6
33,737
54.6
3,113
8.4

36,799
59.0
33,761
54.1
3,039
8.3

36,475
59.0
33,573
54.3
2,902
8.0

36,718
59.2
33,834
54.5
2,884
7.9

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

36,463
69.3
33,829
64.3
2,634
7.2

37,369
69.3
34,507
64.0
2,863
7.7

36,966
68.6
34,270
63.6
2,696
7.3

36,590
69.6
33,844
64.4
2,745
7.5

37,024
69.1
34,167
63.7
2,857
7.7

37,214
69.2
34,525
64.2
2,689
7.2

37,282
69.1
34,571
64.1
2,711
7.3

37,405
69.3
34,613
64.2
2,793
7.5

37,168
69.0
34,344
63.7
2,824
7.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

46,913
77.0
44,976
73.8
1,937
4.1

48,389
76.6
46,415
73.4
1,974
4.1

48,075
76.4
46,310
73.6
1,765
3.7

46,889
77.0
44,796
73.6
2,093
4.5

47,131
76.0
45,201
72.9
1,930
4.1

47,481
75.6
45,492
72.4
1,989
4.2

47,890
76.4
45,875
73.1
2,015
4.2

48,191
76.2
46,189
73.1
2,002
4.2

47,977
76.2
46,062
73.2
1,915
4.0

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Apr.
2011

Men
Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Women
Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,697
11,318
52.2
10,445
48.1
873
7.7
10,379

21,256
11,114
52.3
10,329
48.6
785
7.1
10,142

19,898
10,191
51.2
9,427
47.4
764
7.5
9,707

19,444
9,994
51.4
9,266
47.7
729
7.3
9,450

1,799
1,128
62.7
1,018
56.6
110
9.7
671

1,812
1,120
61.8
1,063
58.7
57
5.0
692

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,466
1,962
79.5
1,748
70.9
214
10.9
505

2,701
2,127
78.8
1,932
71.5
195
9.2
574

1,996
1,646
82.5
1,454
72.9
192
11.7
350

2,214
1,814
81.9
1,650
74.5
164
9.0
400

470
315
67.1
293
62.5
22
6.9
155

487
314
64.3
283
58.0
31
9.9
174

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,855
2,406
84.3
2,248
78.7
158
6.6
449

2,950
2,479
84.1
2,351
79.7
129
5.2
470

2,417
2,087
86.3
1,953
80.8
135
6.5
330

2,471
2,114
85.5
1,994
80.7
120
5.7
358

437
319
72.9
296
67.6
23
7.3
119

478
366
76.5
357
74.6
9
2.4
112

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,529
3,582
34.0
3,354
31.9
229
6.4
6,946

9,949
3,293
33.1
3,072
30.9
221
6.7
6,656

10,201
3,444
33.8
3,235
31.7
209
6.1
6,758

9,627
3,170
32.9
2,956
30.7
215
6.8
6,457

327
139
42.4
119
36.5
19
13.9
189

322
122
38.1
116
36.0
7
5.3
199

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,847
3,368
57.6
3,095
52.9
273
8.1
2,479

5,656
3,214
56.8
2,974
52.6
240
7.5
2,441

5,283
3,013
57.0
2,786
52.7
227
7.6
2,270

5,131
2,897
56.4
2,666
52.0
230
8.0
2,235

565
355
62.9
309
54.8
45
12.8
210

525
318
60.6
308
58.7
10
3.1
207

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

208,727
139,957
67.1
128,072
61.4
11,885
8.5
68,771

212,630
141,057
66.3
130,362
61.3
10,695
7.6
71,572

91,652
70,399
76.8
63,803
69.6
6,596
9.4
21,253

93,088
70,766
76.0
65,175
70.0
5,591
7.9
22,321

117,075
69,558
59.4
64,269
54.9
5,289
7.6
47,518

119,542
70,291
58.8
65,187
54.5
5,104
7.3
49,251

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time
periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

Persons with no disability
Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

27,603
5,699
20.6
4,873
17.7
827
14.5
21,904

28,209
5,736
20.3
5,021
17.8
715
12.5
22,473

211,543
147,199
69.6
134,789
63.7
12,410
8.4
64,344

214,574
148,169
69.1
136,974
63.8
11,195
7.6
66,406

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,591
34.5
2,172
28.9
418
16.1
4,929

2,488
33.4
2,163
29.1
325
13.1
4,951

74,820
82.0
67,901
74.4
6,920
9.2
16,399

74,867
81.9
68,876
75.4
5,991
8.0
16,541

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,229
28.9
1,890
24.5
339
15.2
5,497

2,296
29.1
1,964
24.9
332
14.5
5,592

66,156
71.0
61,012
65.5
5,144
7.8
27,047

66,573
70.4
61,761
65.3
4,811
7.2
27,996

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

879
7.1
810
6.6
69
7.8
11,478

952
7.4
894
6.9
58
6.1
11,930

6,223
22.9
5,876
21.7
347
5.6
20,898

6,729
23.5
6,337
22.2
393
5.8
21,869

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing
even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;
has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or
shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Apr.
2011

Men
Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Women
Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,737
23,915
66.9
21,741
60.8
2,174
9.1
11,822

37,215
24,460
65.7
22,619
60.8
1,842
7.5
12,755

17,848
14,174
79.4
12,911
72.3
1,263
8.9
3,674

18,249
14,220
77.9
13,233
72.5
986
6.9
4,030

17,889
9,741
54.5
8,830
49.4
911
9.3
8,148

18,966
10,241
54.0
9,386
49.5
855
8.3
8,725

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

203,409
128,984
63.4
117,920
58.0
11,063
8.6
74,425

205,569
129,444
63.0
119,376
58.1
10,068
7.8
76,124

98,219
67,180
68.4
60,850
62.0
6,330
9.4
31,039

98,831
67,409
68.2
61,840
62.6
5,569
8.3
31,422

105,191
61,804
58.8
57,070
54.3
4,733
7.7
43,387

106,737
62,035
58.1
57,535
53.9
4,500
7.3
44,702

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or
one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private households........................... .
Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

2,061
1,198
830
33
137,601
128,814
21,112
107,702
671
107,031
8,693
94

2,123
1,296
799
28
139,290
130,778
20,536
110,241
656
109,585
8,433
79

2,107
1,282
798
26
139,888
131,257
20,356
110,901
724
110,176
8,558
72

2,090
1,241
825
–
137,505
128,756
20,629
108,167
–
107,466
8,645
–

2,349
1,429
874
–
138,411
129,662
20,616
109,064
–
108,407
8,587
–

2,208
1,376
800
–
139,491
130,569
20,583
109,966
–
109,353
8,769
–

2,185
1,353
814
–
139,945
131,365
20,617
110,778
–
110,138
8,477
–

2,218
1,394
811
–
139,984
131,370
20,338
111,114
–
110,469
8,514
–

2,150
1,342
793
–
139,749
131,136
19,896
111,249
–
110,527
8,512
–

8,425
5,547
2,605
19,163

7,867
5,146
2,427
19,022

7,694
4,997
2,467
19,443

8,571
5,714
2,444
18,326

8,098
5,305
2,419
18,372

8,230
5,372
2,551
18,636

8,119
5,446
2,404
18,827

7,672
5,081
2,341
18,523

7,853
5,187
2,367
18,832

8,305
5,448
2,595
18,803

7,753
5,062
2,418
18,615

7,581
4,909
2,456
19,097

8,453
5,602
2,448
18,004

7,952
5,199
2,423
17,969

8,083
5,278
2,563
18,298

7,988
5,356
2,365
18,399

7,584
5,000
2,295
18,100

7,737
5,086
2,324
18,418

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,
inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

139,661
4,106
1,145
2,961
135,555
12,864
122,691
93,762
30,318
30,483
32,961
28,929

141,412
4,089
1,233
2,856
137,324
13,212
124,112
93,816
30,359
30,574
32,884
30,295

141,995
4,163
1,304
2,859
137,832
13,224
124,608
94,307
30,750
30,640
32,917
30,300

139,628
4,255
1,262
2,982
135,373
12,958
122,364
93,638
30,343
30,404
32,891
28,726

140,790
4,387
1,304
3,060
136,403
13,195
123,234
93,882
30,771
30,271
32,841
29,352

141,637
4,389
1,333
3,064
137,248
13,335
123,901
93,991
30,367
30,614
33,009
29,910

142,065
4,371
1,337
3,050
137,694
13,395
124,243
94,056
30,483
30,638
32,935
30,187

142,034
4,335
1,395
2,955
137,699
13,371
124,407
94,267
30,568
30,672
33,027
30,140

141,865
4,321
1,421
2,875
137,544
13,329
124,166
94,128
30,724
30,539
32,866
30,038

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73,761
1,939
531
1,408
71,822
6,651
65,171
49,988
16,447
16,401
17,140
15,183

74,507
1,940
590
1,350
72,567
6,776
65,791
49,836
16,265
16,326
17,246
15,954

75,074
2,064
633
1,431
73,010
6,778
66,232
50,290
16,566
16,417
17,308
15,942

73,969
2,027
586
1,441
71,942
6,716
65,148
50,059
16,534
16,409
17,116
15,089

75,235
2,155
635
1,501
73,080
6,998
66,084
50,528
16,885
16,422
17,221
15,556

75,288
2,118
620
1,487
73,170
7,003
66,169
50,358
16,440
16,573
17,346
15,811

75,318
2,079
650
1,424
73,240
6,851
66,376
50,382
16,498
16,564
17,319
15,994

75,369
2,083
656
1,424
73,286
6,927
66,327
50,393
16,538
16,470
17,385
15,934

75,256
2,136
685
1,461
73,119
6,863
66,156
50,329
16,624
16,425
17,280
15,827

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65,900
2,167
614
1,554
63,733
6,213
57,520
43,774
13,871
14,082
15,821
13,746

66,906
2,149
644
1,506
64,756
6,436
58,321
43,980
14,093
14,248
15,638
14,341

66,921
2,099
671
1,427
64,822
6,446
58,376
44,017
14,185
14,223
15,609
14,359

65,659
2,228
677
1,541
63,431
6,242
57,216
43,579
13,809
13,995
15,775
13,637

65,555
2,232
669
1,559
63,323
6,198
57,150
43,354
13,886
13,849
15,620
13,796

66,349
2,270
713
1,577
64,078
6,332
57,732
43,633
13,928
14,041
15,664
14,099

66,747
2,293
687
1,625
64,454
6,544
57,867
43,674
13,985
14,074
15,615
14,193

66,665
2,252
739
1,531
64,413
6,444
58,079
43,873
14,030
14,202
15,642
14,206

66,609
2,184
736
1,414
64,425
6,467
58,010
43,800
14,099
14,114
15,586
14,211

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42,992
34,211
8,968

43,320
34,477
9,429

43,530
34,369
9,530

43,015
34,029
–

43,709
34,177
–

43,658
34,445
–

43,556
34,341
–

43,635
34,325
–

43,582
34,207
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111,844
27,817

113,916
27,497

113,999
27,996

112,347
27,229

113,765
27,040

113,845
27,739

114,408
27,576

115,290
26,912

114,478
27,420

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,887
4.9

7,052
5.0

6,947
4.9

6,798
4.9

7,013
5.0

7,038
5.0

6,999
4.9

6,985
4.9

6,870
4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,030
9,523

5,130
9,232

5,258
9,357

–
9,470

–
9,461

–
9,569

–
9,291

–
9,325

–
9,305

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

13,792
1,410
560
855
12,383
2,263
10,132
8,125
3,196
2,410
2,519
2,000

12,673
1,447
564
877
11,226
2,028
9,140
7,191
2,878
2,112
2,202
1,988

12,500
1,432
509
935
11,068
2,029
9,034
7,017
2,711
2,139
2,167
2,026

9.0
24.9
30.7
22.3
8.4
14.9
7.6
8.0
9.5
7.3
7.1
6.5

8.5
23.1
27.8
21.3
8.0
14.4
7.2
7.6
9.4
6.8
6.5
6.2

8.3
23.2
28.8
20.5
7.7
13.3
7.0
7.4
9.0
6.8
6.4
5.9

8.3
23.8
29.9
20.8
7.7
13.8
7.0
7.3
8.7
6.8
6.4
5.9

8.2
25.0
28.8
22.9
7.5
13.2
6.8
7.1
8.6
6.4
6.2
6.2

8.1
24.9
26.4
24.5
7.4
13.2
6.8
6.9
8.1
6.5
6.2
6.3

Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

7,747
794
279
516
6,953
1,276
5,647
4,520
1,814
1,280
1,425
1,127

6,810
759
283
476
6,051
1,135
4,875
3,812
1,554
1,147
1,111
1,063

6,727
797
279
521
5,930
1,124
4,781
3,720
1,459
1,129
1,132
1,062

9.5
28.1
32.3
26.4
8.8
16.0
8.0
8.3
9.9
7.2
7.7
6.9

8.7
26.6
30.5
25.1
8.0
15.3
7.2
7.5
9.5
6.7
6.3
6.1

8.3
25.3
32.0
22.3
7.7
14.2
6.9
7.2
9.0
6.4
6.2
5.9

8.3
27.0
33.5
23.9
7.7
15.6
6.7
7.1
8.6
6.4
6.2
5.7

8.3
26.7
30.1
25.1
7.6
14.1
6.8
7.0
8.6
6.5
6.0
6.3

8.2
27.2
28.9
26.3
7.5
14.1
6.7
6.9
8.1
6.4
6.1
6.3

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over1 .......................... .

6,045
615
281
339
5,430
986
4,485
3,605
1,382
1,130
1,094
782

5,863
687
281
401
5,176
893
4,265
3,380
1,324
965
1,091
895

5,773
635
230
414
5,137
905
4,253
3,297
1,252
1,010
1,035
878

8.4
21.6
29.4
18.0
7.9
13.6
7.3
7.6
9.1
7.5
6.5
5.4

8.3
19.3
25.0
17.1
7.9
13.4
7.3
7.6
9.3
7.0
6.7
5.7

8.3
21.1
25.8
18.6
7.7
12.3
7.2
7.6
9.0
7.4
6.6
5.9

8.2
20.7
26.1
17.8
7.7
11.7
7.2
7.6
8.8
7.3
6.6
6.1

8.1
23.4
27.6
20.7
7.4
12.2
6.8
7.2
8.6
6.4
6.5
5.9

8.0
22.5
23.8
22.7
7.4
12.3
6.8
7.0
8.2
6.7
6.2
5.8

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,777
2,055
1,193

2,360
1,912
1,139

2,370
1,919
1,078

6.1
5.7
11.7

5.1
5.4
12.9

5.1
5.6
12.0

5.0
5.5
11.7

5.1
5.3
10.8

5.2
5.3
10.2

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,974
1,834

10,863
1,765

10,691
1,846

9.6
6.3

9.0
6.3

8.8
5.9

8.8
6.0

8.6
6.2

8.5
6.3

1 Not seasonally adjusted.
2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time
jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Permanent job losers........................... .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,958
1,186
6,772
5,449
1,323
911
3,217
1,151

7,415
1,354
6,060
4,742
1,318
1,064
3,189
1,236

6,555
1,009
5,546
4,397
1,149
962
3,184
1,210

8,181
1,241
6,941
5,524
1,417
944
3,387
1,322

7,602
1,216
6,386
5,089
1,296
953
3,399
1,280

7,321
1,284
6,037
4,807
1,230
939
3,325
1,253

7,209
1,135
6,075
4,755
1,320
1,031
3,361
1,392

7,020
1,120
5,900
4,632
1,268
1,117
3,269
1,433

6,852
1,083
5,768
4,529
1,239
997
3,341
1,384

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60.1
9.0
51.2
6.9
24.3
8.7

57.5
10.5
47.0
8.2
24.7
9.6

55.0
8.5
46.6
8.1
26.7
10.2

59.1
9.0
50.2
6.8
24.5
9.6

57.4
9.2
48.3
7.2
25.7
9.7

57.0
10.0
47.0
7.3
25.9
9.8

55.5
8.7
46.7
7.9
25.9
10.7

54.7
8.7
46.0
8.7
25.5
11.2

54.5
8.6
45.9
7.9
26.6
11.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2
0.6
2.1
0.8

4.8
0.7
2.1
0.8

4.3
0.6
2.1
0.8

5.3
0.6
2.2
0.9

4.9
0.6
2.2
0.8

4.7
0.6
2.2
0.8

4.7
0.7
2.2
0.9

4.5
0.7
2.1
0.9

4.4
0.6
2.2
0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,325
2,478
8,434
2,333
6,101

2,270
3,005
7,629
2,244
5,385

2,165
2,368
7,377
2,109
5,268

2,725
2,931
7,919
2,058
5,860

2,669
2,858
7,628
2,039
5,588

2,486
2,884
7,498
1,980
5,518

2,541
2,807
7,397
1,971
5,426

2,572
2,754
7,175
1,867
5,308

2,543
2,814
6,984
1,884
5,101

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41.4
24.3

40.2
20.5

42.0
22.3

38.3
20.8

40.8
21.0

40.1
21.1

40.0
20.3

39.4
19.9

39.1
19.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17.6
18.7
63.7
17.6
46.1

17.6
23.3
59.1
17.4
41.7

18.2
19.9
61.9
17.7
44.2

20.1
21.6
58.3
15.2
43.2

20.3
21.7
58.0
15.5
42.5

19.3
22.4
58.3
15.4
42.9

19.9
22.0
58.0
15.5
42.6

20.6
22.0
57.4
14.9
42.5

20.6
22.8
56.6
15.3
41.3

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see
www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations................................................. .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................................ .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............ .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................................ .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations............. .

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

139,661
53,216

141,995
54,055

13,237
2,196

11,910
2,062

8.7
4.0

7.7
3.7

21,640
31,576
24,354
32,974
15,134
17,841

22,590
31,465
25,303
33,290
15,320
17,970

1,050
1,146
2,598
2,929
1,402
1,528

934
1,128
2,426
2,745
1,266
1,478

4.6
3.5
9.6
8.2
8.5
7.9

4.0
3.5
8.8
7.6
7.6
7.6

12,735
862
7,042
4,831

12,377
913
6,734
4,731

2,110
206
1,448
455

1,608
196
1,137
276

14.2
19.3
17.1
8.6

11.5
17.6
14.4
5.5

16,382
8,098
8,284

16,970
8,348
8,622

2,208
1,074
1,134

1,822
863
959

11.9
11.7
12.0

9.7
9.4
10.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... .
Government workers................................................................... .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

13,237
10,560
28
1,501
1,444
951
493
1,776
500
218
621
1,340
1,088
1,482
564
182
778
565

11,910
9,197
43
1,156
1,046
620
427
1,603
453
243
505
1,322
1,058
1,290
478
233
786
484

8.7
8.9
3.5
17.8
9.4
9.8
8.6
8.8
8.4
7.1
6.7
9.1
5.0
11.7
9.2
13.7
3.5
5.5

7.7
7.7
4.2
14.5
6.9
6.5
7.4
7.9
7.6
8.3
5.5
8.5
4.8
9.8
7.4
16.0
3.7
4.9

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as
a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,
plus all other persons marginally attached to
the labor force, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all persons marginally attached
to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor
force................................................. .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Dec.
2011

Jan.
2012

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012

Apr.
2012

5.5

4.9

4.8

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.5

5.2

4.8

4.3

5.3

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.4

8.7

8.4

7.7

9.0

8.5

8.3

8.3

8.2

8.1

9.2

8.9

8.3

9.6

9.1

8.9

8.9

8.7

8.7

10.1

9.7

9.1

10.4

10.0

9.9

9.8

9.6

9.5

15.5

14.8

14.1

15.9

15.2

15.1

14.9

14.5

14.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are
available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a
job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for
full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Apr.
2011

Men
Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Women
Apr.
2012

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2012

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force............................................ .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . ............................. .
Marginally attached to the labor force1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3 . . . .

86,248
6,482
2,466
989
1,477

88,879
6,328
2,363
968
1,395

34,713
3,159
1,361
566
795

35,452
3,141
1,311
611
699

51,535
3,323
1,105
423
682

53,427
3,187
1,053
357
696

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,887
4.9
3,586
1,831
221
1,211

6,947
4.9
3,549
1,914
289
1,134

3,302
4.5
1,896
618
149
626

3,501
4.7
2,026
621
194
634

3,585
5.4
1,691
1,213
72
586

3,446
5.1
1,523
1,293
95
500

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,
but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling
or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation
problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

131,240
108,619
17,755

131,210
108,887
17,726

132,071
109,667
17,889

132,967
110,563
18,100

131,173
108,989
17,981

132,720
110,724
18,290

132,874
110,890
18,328

132,989
111,020
18,342

Change
from:
Mar.2012 Apr.2012p
115
130
14

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

756
44.9
710.6
168.5
212.6
85.3
329.5

820
47.3
772.4
187.5
209.8
86.0
375.1

822
46.1
776.1
191.1
211.9
85.6
373.1

827
43.7
783.1
191.0
217.5
85.0
374.6

768
49.0
718.9
170.0
215.4
85.8
333.5

837
48.1
788.5
189.8
221.2
86.3
377.5

837
47.9
788.9
192.5
220.7
85.8
375.7

837
47.0
789.5
193.3
220.8
85.4
375.4

0
-0.9
0.6
0.8
0.1
-0.4
-0.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . .

5,356
1,181.6
544.6
637.0
810.1
3,363.8
1,401.4
1,962.4

5,133
1,168.2
538.4
629.8
731.7
3,232.8
1,345.7
1,887.1

5,223
1,171.7
538.5
633.2
763.8
3,287.4
1,372.7
1,914.7

5,394
1,186.7
545.2
641.5
818.0
3,389.0
1,425.8
1,963.2

5,495
1,217.3
564.9
652.4
830.1
3,448.0
1,439.0
2,009.0

5,563
1,238.2
573.7
664.5
841.6
3,483.1
1,461.1
2,022.0

5,560
1,227.6
568.1
659.5
845.2
3,487.1
1,465.8
2,021.3

5,558
1,224.0
565.6
658.4
848.5
3,485.0
1,472.1
2,012.9

-2
-3.6
-2.5
-1.1
3.3
-2.1
6.3
-8.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,643

11,773

11,844

11,879

11,718

11,890

11,931

11,947

16

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products1 . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,216
337.1
365.8
384.1
1,327.2
1,042.8
1,102.6
157.1
116.8

7,372
324.2
353.5
402.5
1,375.7
1,090.6
1,106.0
162.8
110.3

7,419
325.9
358.6
403.9
1,383.7
1,097.0
1,108.0
163.3
110.2

7,445
328.9
365.9
405.9
1,390.3
1,099.8
1,106.8
163.7
109.1

7,245
339.6
367.0
385.8
1,337.7
1,046.5
1,106.0
157.9
117.1

7,428
335.2
371.7
403.8
1,385.0
1,093.3
1,107.7
162.9
110.7

7,456
333.3
371.1
404.9
1,390.3
1,099.1
1,109.9
163.3
110.7

7,471
332.0
370.8
405.2
1,396.0
1,104.0
1,109.8
164.0
109.6

15
-1.3
-0.3
0.3
5.7
4.9
-0.1
0.7
-1.1

381.2
404.1
363.5
1,370.4
713.2
351.1
571.1

387.2
401.2
370.8
1,428.8
751.1
346.0
574.0

387.3
402.2
371.8
1,448.1
767.2
347.6
574.5

387.4
401.5
372.0
1,445.8
765.6
352.5
576.7

382.2
405.0
365.8
1,371.2
712.4
352.9
572.5

387.8
401.2
372.5
1,430.7
751.0
351.8
576.7

387.4
403.1
373.7
1,443.7
762.5
352.1
577.4

387.4
403.0
373.7
1,446.0
763.8
354.6
578.7

0.0
-0.1
0.0
2.3
1.3
2.5
1.3

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,427
1,436.3
180.6
121.2
117.5
152.7
29.0
389.4
471.6
111.4
783.9
633.0

4,401
1,418.9
187.9
119.4
112.4
148.5
30.5
389.1
454.1
110.5
792.4
637.0

4,425
1,425.1
189.7
120.0
113.1
149.6
30.1
391.9
454.4
111.0
797.7
642.8

4,434
1,426.6
192.7
120.0
113.9
151.5
30.1
391.1
454.9
114.4
796.2
642.2

4,473
1,467.5
185.4
121.4
118.3
152.9
29.0
391.3
474.4
112.1
786.5
634.0

4,462
1,449.7
195.2
120.3
113.8
150.1
30.6
391.4
458.6
115.3
795.4
641.9

4,475
1,453.6
196.3
120.2
113.7
150.6
30.1
394.4
456.5
114.7
799.0
645.7

4,476
1,455.3
197.0
119.9
113.7
151.3
30.2
393.4
456.7
115.2
798.2
644.8

1
1.7
0.7
-0.3
0.0
0.7
0.1
-1.0
0.2
0.5
-0.8
-0.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90,864

91,161

91,778

92,463

91,008

92,434

92,562

92,678

116

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24,782

24,837

24,928

25,048

24,982

25,246

25,230

25,252

22

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. .

5,505.2
2,737.5
1,936.5
831.2

5,539.5
2,759.6
1,935.4
844.5

5,563.4
2,767.5
1,946.8
849.1

5,587.0
2,770.7
1,963.1
853.2

5,517.6
2,747.5
1,937.4
832.7

5,590.4
2,778.8
1,960.8
850.8

5,593.3
2,779.2
1,961.6
852.5

5,600.7
2,778.4
1,966.6
855.7

7.4
-0.8
5.0
3.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . .

14,476.7
1,679.6
1,048.0
433.6

14,441.7
1,691.4
1,069.8
443.5

14,488.7
1,703.4
1,074.5
442.7

14,586.7
1,719.8
1,082.5
441.7

14,630.7
1,680.5
1,049.7
440.4

14,741.2
1,717.7
1,079.9
449.3

14,720.3
1,719.1
1,080.1
449.3

14,749.6
1,720.9
1,083.1
448.8

29.3
1.8
3.0
-0.5

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Change
from:
Mar.2012 Apr.2012p

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply stores.. .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

526.6
1,191.0
2,800.3
971.4
820.3
1,304.9

509.8
1,099.1
2,828.4
986.1
814.3
1,304.8

503.9
1,150.6
2,834.3
987.5
816.6
1,313.0

502.6
1,206.4
2,833.9
987.5
823.0
1,321.9

532.8
1,153.9
2,826.7
977.6
826.4
1,347.4

513.4
1,150.7
2,859.9
992.5
828.1
1,362.3

509.8
1,156.3
2,861.8
994.6
828.7
1,362.6

510.2
1,160.9
2,859.1
996.3
828.9
1,361.3

0.4
4.6
-2.7
1.7
0.2
-1.3

558.9
3,018.0
1,499.3
755.0
417.1

551.7
3,022.2
1,521.4
758.5
431.9

547.3
3,015.5
1,503.4
748.1
425.8

549.9
3,021.7
1,497.8
755.4
422.9

578.6
3,071.1
1,542.3
766.2
429.1

563.2
3,094.6
1,558.2
770.3
439.2

564.7
3,070.5
1,543.9
766.4
436.5

566.8
3,091.9
1,550.3
767.8
436.7

2.1
21.4
6.4
1.4
0.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,247.8
453.0
227.0
61.0
1,277.0

4,298.0
454.8
230.6
65.4
1,299.8

4,315.9
456.5
232.5
65.6
1,307.4

4,311.8
457.1
233.7
65.6
1,316.9

4,279.5
454.9
227.4
62.4
1,295.3

4,353.2
456.7
232.3
67.0
1,334.5

4,355.0
457.7
233.6
67.2
1,332.0

4,338.4
459.0
233.9
66.5
1,333.8

-16.6
1.3
0.3
-0.7
1.8

452.6
42.8
23.7
561.5
511.4
637.8

446.8
43.7
24.0
573.0
517.7
642.2

444.4
43.7
24.9
578.4
519.2
643.3

433.2
43.6
27.4
580.6
510.8
642.9

438.0
42.8
26.6
562.7
525.2
644.2

435.6
43.8
32.0
577.6
524.5
649.2

430.2
43.8
31.4
582.3
528.7
648.1

419.2
43.9
31.2
580.7
521.3
648.9

-11.0
0.1
-0.2
-1.6
-7.4
0.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

552.4

558.0

560.2

562.8

554.3

560.7

561.8

563.2

1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,669
748.6

2,635
739.4

2,625
738.8

2,625
737.9

2,671
750.3

2,636
741.0

2,630
740.8

2,628
740.2

-2
-0.6

361.4
281.0
878.5

367.4
278.5
844.4

356.6
282.2
837.9

364.7
281.4
832.0

358.8
282.6
882.0

365.9
279.3
841.6

360.2
282.4
837.2

364.2
281.6
833.7

4.0
-0.8
-3.5

245.9
154.0

240.4
165.3

242.4
166.7

243.0
165.8

242.9
154.2

241.4
166.6

241.8
167.8

241.3
166.6

-0.5
-1.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1 . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . .
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . .

7,648
5,736.1
18.6

7,653
5,748.0
18.8

7,682
5,764.2
18.8

7,691
5,755.5
18.9

7,679
5,749.2
18.6

7,704
5,757.9
18.9

7,718
5,766.4
18.9

7,719
5,766.8
19.0

1
0.4
0.1

2,547.0
1,730.3
1,309.2

2,574.1
1,745.3
1,319.4

2,587.0
1,753.2
1,326.6

2,577.4
1,748.0
1,320.6

2,554.4
1,735.6
1,312.2

2,575.5
1,749.3
1,322.2

2,585.1
1,754.8
1,327.2

2,581.9
1,751.7
1,323.7

-3.2
-3.1
-3.5

805.3
2,279.1
86.1
1,911.5
1,392.2
495.3
24.0

800.4
2,270.6
84.1
1,904.9
1,388.0
493.2
23.7

800.1
2,273.7
84.6
1,917.4
1,394.1
499.8
23.5

798.5
2,276.4
84.3
1,935.9
1,408.5
504.0
23.4

807.7
2,282.4
86.1
1,929.4
1,402.4
503.0
24.0

801.9
2,277.2
84.4
1,946.2
1,413.2
509.2
23.8

800.6
2,277.0
84.8
1,951.5
1,416.0
511.8
23.7

800.1
2,280.8
85.0
1,951.8
1,416.5
511.8
23.5

-0.5
3.8
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.0
-0.2

17,236
7,709.1
1,108.5
1,006.0
1,281.7

17,483
7,960.0
1,111.8
1,109.9
1,295.3

17,602
7,965.4
1,111.7
1,091.8
1,300.1

17,818
7,995.7
1,116.5
1,073.7
1,313.9

17,242
7,636.1
1,114.0
905.0
1,290.4

17,761
7,880.7
1,118.7
971.0
1,315.2

17,798
7,902.0
1,117.0
974.2
1,318.8

17,860
7,929.5
1,120.9
974.4
1,326.2

62
27.5
3.9
0.2
7.4

1,514.8

1,568.0

1,569.4

1,584.0

1,516.9

1,571.7

1,577.9

1,585.3

7.4

1,053.5
1,898.0
7,629.1

1,105.5
1,925.2
7,598.2

1,110.5
1,934.4
7,702.0

1,121.5
1,932.7
7,889.1

1,060.2
1,906.8
7,699.2

1,114.9
1,936.0
7,944.4

1,120.6
1,940.3
7,955.9

1,127.0
1,942.3
7,988.2

6.4
2.0
32.3

Industry

Retail trade - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services1 . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Change
from:
Mar.2012 Apr.2012p

Administrative and support services1 . . . . . . . .
Employment services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,270.0
2,874.2
2,246.1
808.7
1,777.1

7,234.7
2,998.4
2,357.1
820.3
1,616.1

7,338.7
3,030.0
2,382.5
815.9
1,675.2

7,520.4
3,085.9
2,430.4
811.6
1,799.3

7,335.7
2,931.4
2,294.2
811.7
1,776.3

7,572.5
3,148.4
2,482.3
816.9
1,783.4

7,584.3
3,137.1
2,472.9
813.4
1,803.5

7,616.0
3,164.9
2,494.0
815.2
1,805.5

31.7
27.8
21.1
1.8
2.0

359.1

363.5

363.3

368.7

363.5

371.9

371.6

372.2

0.6

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services1 . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities1 . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,974
3,398.4
16,576.0
13,963.9
6,099.4
2,332.5
619.4
1,131.5
4,707.8
3,156.7
1,665.3
2,612.1
870.4

20,304
3,455.8
16,847.8
14,215.8
6,255.1
2,395.4
646.8
1,164.3
4,792.0
3,168.7
1,651.4
2,632.0
852.9

20,375
3,478.7
16,896.0
14,254.5
6,268.4
2,401.1
648.2
1,170.6
4,803.1
3,183.0
1,660.3
2,641.5
855.8

20,411
3,486.5
16,924.5
14,276.7
6,289.9
2,403.4
649.6
1,180.4
4,800.4
3,186.4
1,657.8
2,647.8
859.2

19,804
3,233.2
16,571.0
13,985.4
6,104.3
2,338.7
618.3
1,129.1
4,717.6
3,163.5
1,668.9
2,585.6
847.8

20,181
3,301.4
16,880.0
14,257.4
6,273.6
2,400.7
646.2
1,168.8
4,799.9
3,183.9
1,660.3
2,622.6
839.4

20,226
3,319.1
16,906.8
14,282.7
6,283.3
2,405.8
647.7
1,173.3
4,808.6
3,190.8
1,665.0
2,624.1
837.0

20,249
3,323.4
16,925.2
14,301.7
6,298.7
2,411.3
648.4
1,179.6
4,812.7
3,190.3
1,661.0
2,623.5
836.0

23
4.3
18.4
19.0
15.4
5.5
0.7
6.3
4.1
-0.5
-4.0
-0.6
-1.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . .

13,224
1,877.2
403.4

12,943
1,721.6
368.5

13,230
1,794.8
389.3

13,515
1,874.8
408.8

13,295
1,916.1
398.4

13,548
1,929.2
401.1

13,600
1,942.7
411.3

13,612
1,927.6
404.5

12
-15.1
-6.8

131.4
1,342.4
11,347.1
1,746.7
9,600.4

122.7
1,230.4
11,221.2
1,715.3
9,505.9

127.5
1,278.0
11,434.8
1,741.8
9,693.0

131.9
1,334.1
11,639.9
1,766.2
9,873.7

132.8
1,384.9
11,378.9
1,791.4
9,587.5

135.0
1,393.1
11,618.8
1,807.0
9,811.8

135.6
1,395.8
11,657.7
1,810.4
9,847.3

135.0
1,388.1
11,684.4
1,817.4
9,867.0

-0.6
-7.7
26.7
7.0
19.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . . .

5,331
1,161.2
1,283.8
2,885.6

5,306
1,150.2
1,275.8
2,880.0

5,336
1,155.5
1,287.8
2,892.3

5,355
1,159.4
1,297.6
2,897.9

5,335
1,156.2
1,281.0
2,898.0

5,358
1,159.9
1,291.8
2,906.3

5,360
1,157.9
1,294.1
2,907.6

5,358
1,155.7
1,293.7
2,908.7

-2
-2.2
-0.4
1.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .

22,621
2,873.0
2,231.5
641.7
5,241.0
2,528.1
2,712.8
14,507.0
8,299.0
6,208.2

22,323
2,803.0
2,188.4
614.9
5,191.0
2,544.1
2,646.9
14,329.0
8,194.6
6,134.2

22,404
2,811.0
2,197.5
613.8
5,211.0
2,562.4
2,649.0
14,382.0
8,230.0
6,151.6

22,404
2,821.0
2,199.1
622.1
5,212.0
2,564.3
2,647.4
14,371.0
8,200.2
6,171.1

22,184
2,873.0
2,234.0
639.1
5,098.0
2,382.5
2,715.9
14,213.0
7,930.5
6,282.8

21,996
2,828.0
2,208.0
620.0
5,067.0
2,409.6
2,657.3
14,101.0
7,854.5
6,246.4

21,984
2,825.0
2,207.2
618.0
5,070.0
2,414.4
2,655.8
14,089.0
7,842.6
6,246.4

21,969
2,821.0
2,202.4
618.8
5,071.0
2,419.9
2,650.7
14,077.0
7,831.9
6,244.7

-15
-4.0
-4.8
0.8
1.0
5.5
-5.1
-12.0
-10.7
-1.7

Industry

Administrative and waste services - Continued

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .

34.4
39.8
44.4
37.8
40.4
40.8
39.8
33.3
34.7
38.6
31.7
38.8
42.0
36.6
37.2
35.7
32.9
25.9
31.9

34.6
40.5
44.7
38.9
40.9
41.4
40.2
33.4
34.8
38.8
32.0
38.3
41.3
36.7
37.3
35.9
32.9
26.1
31.7

34.5
40.2
44.3
38.6
40.7
41.1
40.1
33.4
34.7
38.7
31.9
38.2
41.3
36.7
37.3
35.9
32.9
26.1
31.7

34.5
40.4
44.6
38.8
40.8
41.2
40.2
33.3
34.7
38.7
31.8
38.3
41.7
36.7
37.3
35.9
32.8
26.1
31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

3.2
3.1
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.4
3.4
3.3

Industry

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$22.97
24.35
28.40
25.38
23.61
25.11
21.11
22.64
19.95
26.30
15.79
21.49
33.86
31.59
27.72
27.60
23.54
13.21
20.34

$23.33
24.62
28.55
25.55
23.91
25.31
21.50
23.03
20.21
26.52
16.06
21.92
33.42
31.60
28.66
27.89
24.18
13.30
20.63

$23.37
24.66
28.79
25.63
23.92
25.31
21.54
23.07
20.29
26.67
16.09
21.97
33.68
31.59
28.80
28.00
24.10
13.34
20.55

$23.38
24.69
28.65
25.65
23.96
25.34
21.59
23.07
20.33
26.66
16.12
22.07
33.83
31.57
28.79
27.93
24.09
13.37
20.57

p Preliminary

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

$ 790.17 $ 807.22 $ 806.27 $ 806.61
969.13
997.11
991.33
997.48
1,260.96 1,276.19 1,275.40 1,277.79
959.36
993.90
989.32
995.22
953.84
977.92
973.54
977.57
1,024.49 1,047.83 1,040.24 1,044.01
840.18
864.30
863.75
867.92
753.91
769.20
770.54
768.23
692.27
703.31
704.06
705.45
1,015.18 1,028.98 1,032.13 1,031.74
500.54
513.92
513.27
512.62
833.81
839.54
839.25
845.28
1,422.12 1,380.25 1,390.98 1,410.71
1,156.19 1,159.72 1,159.35 1,158.62
1,031.18 1,069.02 1,074.24 1,073.87
985.32 1,001.25 1,005.20 1,002.69
774.47
795.52
792.89
790.15
342.14
347.13
348.17
348.96
648.85
653.97
651.44
652.07

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2012 Apr.
2012p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

94.0
81.5
107.1
71.6
85.2
83.2
88.9
97.3
94.3
92.9
94.2
95.0
100.7
89.3
94.1
96.8
106.1
98.2
94.3

96.0
84.4
117.6
74.6
87.5
86.6
89.5
99.2
95.6
94.6
95.8
95.4
100.2
88.4
94.7
100.3
108.1
100.9
94.1

95.9
83.9
116.5
74.0
87.4
86.3
89.6
99.3
95.2
94.4
95.4
95.2
100.4
88.1
94.9
100.5
108.3
101.3
94.1

96.0
84.4
117.3
74.3
87.7
86.7
89.8
99.1
95.3
94.6
95.3
95.1
101.6
88.1
94.9
100.8
108.1
101.4
94.1

0.1
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.2
-0.2
0.1
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
-0.2
0.1
0.0

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2012 Apr.
2012p

102.9
89.7
122.2
79.0
93.5
92.8
95.2
106.8
101.2
102.0
98.3
103.6
112.7
100.4
101.8
108.3
117.0
104.7
108.8

106.8
93.9
134.8
82.8
97.3
97.3
97.7
110.6
103.9
104.7
101.7
106.1
110.6
99.4
105.9
113.3
122.4
108.3
110.2

106.8
93.6
134.7
82.4
97.2
97.0
97.9
111.0
104.0
105.1
101.5
106.2
111.7
99.1
106.6
114.0
122.3
109.0
109.8

107.0
94.2
134.9
82.8
97.7
97.5
98.4
110.8
104.3
105.2
101.5
106.5
113.6
99.0
106.6
114.1
122.0
109.3
109.9

0.2
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
-0.2
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.7
-0.1
0.0
0.1
-0.2
0.3
0.1

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Total nonfarm.............. . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing..................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing...................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................ .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64,955
52,349
4,068
104
709
3,255
1,719
1,536
48,281
10,058
1,658.8
7,255.5
1,007.8
135.5
1,085
4,487
7,662
15,233
6,947
2,809
12,606

65,411
52,901
4,066
111
707
3,248
1,724
1,524
48,835
10,040
1,680.5
7,211.8
1,008.8
139.2
1,066
4,479
7,861
15,489
7,074
2,826
12,510

65,471
52,966
4,078
112
707
3,259
1,730
1,529
48,888
10,023
1,681.7
7,193.5
1,008.6
139.3
1,063
4,486
7,883
15,511
7,099
2,823
12,505

65,555
53,046
4,094
114
708
3,272
1,737
1,535
48,952
10,024
1,684.6
7,193.9
1,004.9
140.6
1,064
4,477
7,913
15,533
7,114
2,827
12,509

49.5
48.0
22.6
13.5
12.9
27.8
23.7
34.3
53.1
40.3
30.1
49.6
23.5
24.4
40.6
58.4
44.4
76.9
52.3
52.7
56.8

49.3
47.8
22.2
13.3
12.7
27.3
23.2
34.2
52.8
39.8
30.1
48.9
23.2
24.8
40.4
58.1
44.3
76.8
52.2
52.7
56.9

49.3
47.8
22.3
13.4
12.7
27.3
23.2
34.2
52.8
39.7
30.1
48.9
23.2
24.8
40.4
58.1
44.3
76.7
52.2
52.7
56.9

49.3
47.8
22.3
13.6
12.7
27.4
23.2
34.3
52.8
39.7
30.1
48.8
23.2
25.0
40.5
58.0
44.3
76.7
52.3
52.8
56.9

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data published in this release for women employees in the Government and Total nonfarm industries are erroneous. Additional information is
available at www.bls.gov/bls/ceswomen_usps.htm.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing....... . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................... .
Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. .
Wholesale trade................................................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing................................................ .
Utilities.............................................................................. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

89,850
12,961
578
4,158
8,225
4,966
3,259
76,889
21,164
4,419.2
12,615.2
3,687.0
442.8
2,146
5,889
14,162
17,351
11,710
4,467

91,504
13,219
638
4,204
8,377
5,123
3,254
78,285
21,419
4,497.6
12,725.9
3,748.7
447.0
2,123
5,914
14,660
17,709
11,972
4,488

91,612
13,254
633
4,211
8,410
5,146
3,264
78,358
21,411
4,501.4
12,703.1
3,758.4
447.6
2,118
5,920
14,677
17,733
12,011
4,488

91,740
13,268
635
4,206
8,427
5,166
3,261
78,472
21,433
4,508.8
12,730.3
3,745.9
448.4
2,118
5,919
14,731
17,756
12,032
4,483

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .

33.7
40.8
46.6
38.8
41.4
41.8
40.9
32.5
33.8
38.5
30.6
38.0
42.7
36.5
36.3
35.3
32.3
24.8
30.8

33.8
41.3
47.6
39.3
41.9
42.3
41.1
32.5
33.9
38.9
30.7
37.8
40.7
36.0
36.6
35.3
32.4
24.9
30.6

33.8
41.2
47.4
39.3
41.7
42.1
41.0
32.5
33.8
38.7
30.7
37.7
40.5
36.0
36.7
35.2
32.4
25.0
30.7

33.8
41.3
48.4
39.4
41.8
42.2
41.0
32.5
33.8
38.7
30.7
37.8
40.9
35.9
36.6
35.3
32.3
24.9
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

4.1
4.2
4.0

4.2
4.4
4.0

4.2
4.4
4.0

4.2
4.4
3.9

Industry

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$19.39
20.59
24.04
23.57
18.90
20.11
17.02
19.14
17.10
21.93
13.46
19.39
31.12
26.72
21.86
23.08
20.59
11.42
17.27

$19.65
20.84
25.46
23.82
19.04
20.16
17.23
19.39
17.32
22.01
13.74
19.63
31.01
26.71
22.43
23.13
21.03
11.58
17.44

$19.69
20.90
25.61
23.93
19.06
20.16
17.28
19.43
17.37
22.11
13.78
19.69
31.09
26.80
22.47
23.24
21.03
11.61
17.36

$19.72
20.94
25.45
23.91
19.15
20.23
17.39
19.46
17.39
22.14
13.75
19.75
31.39
26.80
22.56
23.26
21.05
11.66
17.37

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

$ 653.44 $ 664.17 $ 665.52 $ 666.54
840.07
860.69
861.08
864.82
1,120.26 1,211.90 1,213.91 1,231.78
914.52
936.13
940.45
942.05
782.46
797.78
794.80
800.47
840.60
852.77
848.74
853.71
696.12
708.15
708.48
712.99
622.05
630.18
631.48
632.45
577.98
587.15
587.11
587.78
844.31
856.19
855.66
856.82
411.88
421.82
423.05
422.13
736.82
742.01
742.31
746.55
1,328.82 1,262.11 1,259.15 1,283.85
975.28
961.56
964.80
962.12
793.52
820.94
824.65
825.70
814.72
816.49
818.05
821.08
665.06
681.37
681.37
679.92
283.22
288.34
290.25
290.33
531.92
533.66
532.95
533.26

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2012 Apr.
2012p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101.2
80.8
143.1
80.8
78.2
78.0
78.5
106.8
99.7
100.2
97.7
105.5
96.7
89.4
102.3
112.0
120.9
106.4
96.5

103.3
83.4
161.4
82.7
80.6
81.4
78.8
108.8
101.2
103.0
98.9
106.7
93.0
87.2
103.6
116.0
123.8
109.2
96.3

103.5
83.4
159.4
82.9
80.5
81.4
78.8
108.9
100.9
102.6
98.7
106.7
92.7
87.0
104.0
115.8
123.9
110.0
96.6

103.6
83.7
163.3
83.0
80.9
81.9
78.8
109.0
101.0
102.8
98.9
106.6
93.8
86.8
103.7
116.5
123.7
109.7
96.5

0.1
0.4
2.4
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
-0.1
1.2
-0.2
-0.3
0.6
-0.2
-0.3
-0.1

Apr.
2011

Feb.
2012

Mar.
2012p

Apr.
2012p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2012 Apr.
2012p

131.1
101.9
200.1
102.8
96.6
97.9
94.5
140.2
121.6
129.4
112.7
129.7
125.6
118.3
138.3
153.9
163.6
138.0
121.4

135.7
106.5
239.0
106.4
100.3
102.5
95.9
144.6
125.1
133.6
116.5
132.8
120.4
115.3
143.6
159.6
171.1
143.6
122.4

136.1
106.8
237.5
107.1
100.3
102.5
96.3
145.1
125.0
133.6
116.6
133.2
120.3
115.5
144.4
160.1
171.3
145.0
122.2

136.5
107.4
241.7
107.1
101.3
103.5
96.8
145.5
125.3
134.0
116.6
133.5
122.9
115.1
144.6
161.3
171.2
145.3
122.2

0.3
0.6
1.8
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
2.2
-0.3
0.1
0.7
-0.1
0.2
0.0

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary