Full text of The Employment Situation : April 2011

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 6, 2011

USDL-11-0622

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – APRIL 2011
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 244,000 in April, and the unemployment rate edged up to 9.0
percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in several serviceproviding industries, manufacturing, and mining.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
April 2009 – April 2011

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted, April 2009 – April 2011

Percent

Thousands

11.0

600

10.0

400
200

9.0

0

8.0

-200

7.0

-400

6.0

-600

5.0

-800
-1000

4.0
A pr-09

Jul-09

Oct-09 Jan-10

A pr-10

Jul-10

Oct-10

Jan-11

A pr-11

A pr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 A pr-10

Jul-10

Oct-10

Jan-11 A pr-11

Household Survey Data
The number of unemployed persons, at 13.7 million, changed little in April. The unemployment rate
edged up from 8.8 to 9.0 percent over the month but was 0.8 percentage point lower than in November.
The labor force also was little changed in April. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.8 percent), adult women
(7.9 percent), teenagers (24.9 percent), whites (8.0 percent), blacks (16.1 percent), and Hispanics (11.8
percent) showed little change in April. The jobless rate for Asians was 6.4 percent, not seasonally
adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks increased by 242,000 in April. The number
of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) declined by 283,000 to 5.8 million;
their share of unemployment declined to 43.4 percent. (See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force participation rate was 64.2 percent for the fourth consecutive month. The
employment-population ratio, at 58.4 percent, changed little in April. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was little changed over the month, at 8.6 million. These individuals were
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time
job. (See table A-8.)
In April, 2.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year
earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 989,000 discouraged workers in April, a decline of
208,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons
not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.5
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 244,000 in April, and the private sector added
268,000 jobs. Employment rose in a number of service-providing industries, manufacturing, and mining.
Since a recent low in February 2010, total payroll employment has grown by 1.8 million. Private sector
employment has increased by 2.1 million over the same period. (See table B-1.)
In April, employment in retail trade rose by 57,000. Within the industry, employment in general
merchandise stores increased by 27,000, offsetting a decline of similar magnitude in the prior month.
Elsewhere in retail trade, April job gains occurred in electronics and appliance stores (+6,000), building
material and garden supply stores (+6,000), and automobile dealers (+5,000).
Employment in professional and business services continued to expand in April, with an increase of
51,000. Job gains occurred in management and technical consulting services (+11,000) and in computer
systems design and related services (+8,000). Employment in temporary help services was little changed
over the month, following an increase of 34,000 in March.
Health care continued to add jobs in April (+37,000). Within health care, job gains continued in
ambulatory health care (+22,000) and hospitals (+10,000).
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to increase in April (+46,000). Over the past 3
months, this industry added 151,000 jobs, with nearly two-thirds of the growth in food services and
drinking places.
Employment in both state government and local government continued to trend down, with April
losses concentrated in the non-educational components. Elsewhere in the service-providing sector,
employment in information, financial activities, and transportation and warehousing changed little
in April.
In the goods-producing sector of the economy, manufacturing employment rose by 29,000 in April.
Since reaching an employment low in December 2009, manufacturing has added 250,000 jobs, including
-2-

141,000 in 2011. Over the month, employment growth continued in machinery (+5,000), primary metals
(+4,000), and computer and electronic products (+4,000).
Mining added 11,000 jobs in April. More than half of the gain occurred in support activities for mining.
Since a recent low point in October 2009, employment in mining has increased by 107,000.
Construction employment was about unchanged in April. This industry has shown little net movement
since early 2010, after having fallen sharply during the prior 3 years.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.3 hours in April.
The manufacturing workweek for all employees, at 40.4 hours, also was unchanged over the month,
while factory overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in April at 33.6 hours. (See
tables B-2 and B-7.)
In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents,
or 0.1 percent, to $22.95. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings increased by 1.9 percent. In
April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 5
cents, or 0.3 percent, to $19.37. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from +194,000 to +235,000,
and the change for March was revised from +216,000 to +221,000.
______________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 3, 2011, at 8:30
a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Change from:
Mar. 2011Apr. 2011

Apr.
2011

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed................................................................... .
Employment-population ratio.......................................... .
Unemployed................................................................ .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

237,329
154,520
65.1
139,382
58.7
15,138
9.8
82,809

238,851
153,246
64.2
139,573
58.4
13,673
8.9
85,605

239,000
153,406
64.2
139,864
58.5
13,542
8.8
85,594

239,146
153,421
64.2
139,674
58.4
13,747
9.0
85,725

146
15
0.0
-190
-0.1
205
0.2
131

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over)............................................. .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ .

9.8
10.0
8.2
25.4
9.0
16.5
6.8
12.4

8.9
8.7
8.0
23.9
8.0
15.3
6.8
11.6

8.8
8.6
7.7
24.5
7.9
15.5
7.1
11.3

9.0
8.8
7.9
24.9
8.0
16.1
6.4
11.8

0.2
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.6
–
0.5

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.3
14.7
10.5
8.3
4.8

7.6
13.9
9.5
7.8
4.3

7.4
13.7
9.5
7.4
4.4

7.6
14.6
9.7
7.5
4.5

0.2
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
Reentrants....................................................................... .
New entrants.................................................................... .

9,237
933
3,749
1,217

8,334
898
3,352
1,337

8,209
896
3,262
1,360

8,144
942
3,375
1,346

-65
46
113
-14

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks................................................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,695
3,000
2,274
6,659

2,390
3,094
2,179
5,993

2,449
2,914
1,957
6,122

2,691
2,907
2,006
5,839

242
-7
49
-283

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions......................................... .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,146
6,247
2,492
18,035

8,340
5,630
2,415
18,220

8,433
5,595
2,332
18,417

8,600
5,689
2,480
18,282

167
94
148
-135

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,432
1,197

2,730
1,020

2,434
921

2,466
989

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not
necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

277
229
61
7
16
38
29
5.0
9
168
1.3
15.9
4.8
-2
5
69
21.1
27
22.5
35
12
48

235
261
81
5
39
37
28
-0.5
9
180
15.8
0.1
17.0
-3
-1
38
11.5
43
27.6
54
14
-26

221
231
37
13
2
22
21
2.5
1
194
16.1
-3.2
3.0
-2
5
86
34.4
33
39.0
51
6
-10

244
268
44
10
5
29
19
2.9
10
224
7.0
57.1
4.1
2
4
51
-2.3
49
41.8
46
1
-24

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49.9
48.4
82.4

49.6
48.1
82.4

49.6
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34.1
$ 22.52
$767.93
91.6
0.2
98.3
0.4

34.3
$ 22.88
$784.78
93.1
0.5
101.6
0.6

34.3
$ 22.92
$786.16
93.3
0.2
102.0
0.4

34.3
$ 22.95
$787.19
93.6
0.3
102.4
0.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.4
$ 18.98
$633.93
98.6
0.5
125.0
0.8

33.6
$ 19.32
$649.15
100.2
0.8
129.4
0.9

33.6
$ 19.32
$649.15
100.5
0.3
129.7
0.2

33.6
$ 19.37
$650.83
100.7
0.2
130.4
0.5

63.9
66.7

70.8
67.9

64.4
63.0

64.6
65.4

Category

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing
industries.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment
and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller
margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of
its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically
significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the
household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than
the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household
survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it
is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not
collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify
the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records.
The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information
on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with
fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the
total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment
change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that
forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the
net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The

establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not
immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth
of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance
benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who
are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People
on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or
question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including
those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In
addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and
other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.
How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month.
Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for
holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but
not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off
work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as
those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment, employees have to
be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of all employees in the payroll survey have
a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay
period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the
effect of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the
month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-related events are counted as employed
whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work the entire
week, due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most
requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey)
and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment
that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD
DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about
140,000 businesses and government agencies representing
approximately 440,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 9 million unemployment insurance
tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the
calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between
surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or
unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment
rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
Additional information about the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007
version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between
the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:


The household survey includes agricultural
workers, the self-employed, unpaid family
workers, and private household workers among the
employed. These groups are excluded from the
establishment survey.



The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.



The household survey is limited to workers 16
years of age and older. The establishment survey is
not limited by age.



The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large
number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely
to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative
to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of
economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the
establishment survey, payroll employment in education
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a
more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted
component series. For example, total unemployment is
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment
estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the
total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more
detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the "true" population values they represent. The
exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the
particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the
establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by
these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within
this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however,
the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval
would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least
a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact,
risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5
percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
change in unemployment as measured by the household
survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in
the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information on a timely
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to

account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them
the same employment trend as the other firms in the
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net
birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

237,329
153,911
64.9
139,302
58.7
14,609
9.5
83,418
5,865

239,000
153,022
64.0
138,962
58.1
14,060
9.2
85,977
6,250

239,146
152,898
63.9
139,661
58.4
13,237
8.7
86,248
6,482

237,329
154,520
65.1
139,382
58.7
15,138
9.8
82,809
5,928

238,889
153,690
64.3
139,206
58.3
14,485
9.4
85,199
6,471

238,704
153,186
64.2
139,323
58.4
13,863
9.0
85,518
6,410

238,851
153,246
64.2
139,573
58.4
13,673
8.9
85,605
6,410

239,000
153,406
64.2
139,864
58.5
13,542
8.8
85,594
6,509

239,146
153,421
64.2
139,674
58.4
13,747
9.0
85,725
6,539

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114,910
82,014
71.4
73,315
63.8
8,699
10.6
32,897

115,988
81,491
70.3
73,187
63.1
8,304
10.2
34,497

116,067
81,354
70.1
73,761
63.6
7,593
9.3
34,713

114,910
82,355
71.7
73,526
64.0
8,829
10.7
32,556

115,731
81,845
70.7
73,600
63.6
8,245
10.1
33,886

115,828
81,544
70.4
73,800
63.7
7,744
9.5
34,284

115,907
81,720
70.5
74,122
63.9
7,598
9.3
34,187

115,988
81,674
70.4
74,108
63.9
7,566
9.3
34,313

116,067
81,684
70.4
73,973
63.7
7,712
9.4
34,382

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106,301
79,122
74.4
71,226
67.0
7,895
10.0
27,179

107,381
78,788
73.4
71,207
66.3
7,581
9.6
28,593

107,469
78,702
73.2
71,822
66.8
6,880
8.7
28,767

106,301
79,279
74.6
71,348
67.1
7,931
10.0
27,022

107,216
78,906
73.6
71,480
66.7
7,426
9.4
28,310

107,203
78,506
73.2
71,589
66.8
6,917
8.8
28,698

107,292
78,795
73.4
71,954
67.1
6,841
8.7
28,497

107,381
78,764
73.4
71,959
67.0
6,805
8.6
28,617

107,469
78,856
73.4
71,939
66.9
6,917
8.8
28,612

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,419
71,898
58.7
65,988
53.9
5,910
8.2
50,521

123,012
71,532
58.1
65,775
53.5
5,756
8.0
51,481

123,079
71,544
58.1
65,900
53.5
5,644
7.9
51,535

122,419
72,165
58.9
65,856
53.8
6,309
8.7
50,253

123,158
71,845
58.3
65,605
53.3
6,240
8.7
51,313

122,876
71,642
58.3
65,523
53.3
6,119
8.5
51,234

122,944
71,526
58.2
65,451
53.2
6,075
8.5
51,418

123,012
71,732
58.3
65,756
53.5
5,976
8.3
51,280

123,079
71,737
58.3
65,702
53.4
6,035
8.4
51,342

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114,066
69,101
60.6
63,746
55.9
5,355
7.7
44,965

114,792
68,903
60.0
63,681
55.5
5,223
7.6
45,888

114,868
68,863
59.9
63,733
55.5
5,130
7.4
46,005

114,066
69,167
60.6
63,501
55.7
5,665
8.2
44,899

114,894
69,027
60.1
63,428
55.2
5,599
8.1
45,867

114,637
68,839
60.0
63,392
55.3
5,447
7.9
45,798

114,714
68,802
60.0
63,319
55.2
5,483
8.0
45,912

114,792
68,898
60.0
63,566
55.4
5,332
7.7
45,894

114,868
68,896
60.0
63,479
55.3
5,417
7.9
45,972

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,962
5,689
33.5
4,330
25.5
1,358
23.9
11,273

16,827
5,331
31.7
4,075
24.2
1,257
23.6
11,496

16,809
5,333
31.7
4,106
24.4
1,227
23.0
11,476

16,962
6,074
35.8
4,533
26.7
1,542
25.4
10,888

16,780
5,757
34.3
4,298
25.6
1,460
25.4
11,022

16,863
5,841
34.6
4,341
25.7
1,500
25.7
11,022

16,845
5,649
33.5
4,300
25.5
1,350
23.9
11,196

16,827
5,744
34.1
4,339
25.8
1,405
24.5
11,083

16,809
5,669
33.7
4,255
25.3
1,413
24.9
11,140

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

191,749
125,062
65.2
114,302
59.6
10,760
8.6
66,687

192,688
124,156
64.4
113,877
59.1
10,279
8.3
68,532

192,771
124,140
64.4
114,597
59.4
9,542
7.7
68,632

191,749
125,739
65.6
114,465
59.7
11,275
9.0
66,009

192,749
124,700
64.7
114,079
59.2
10,620
8.5
68,049

192,516
124,192
64.5
114,197
59.3
9,995
8.0
68,325

192,601
124,237
64.5
114,330
59.4
9,907
8.0
68,364

192,688
124,497
64.6
114,706
59.5
9,791
7.9
68,191

192,771
124,650
64.7
114,652
59.5
9,998
8.0
68,122

65,392
74.9
59,460
68.1
5,932
9.1

64,890
73.8
59,254
67.4
5,635
8.7

64,904
73.7
59,869
68.0
5,035
7.8

65,600
75.1
59,528
68.2
6,072
9.3

65,041
74.0
59,484
67.7
5,557
8.5

64,673
73.6
59,586
67.8
5,086
7.9

64,919
73.9
59,860
68.1
5,059
7.8

64,864
73.7
59,850
68.0
5,014
7.7

65,032
73.9
59,903
68.1
5,129
7.9

54,971
60.1
51,174
55.9
3,797
6.9

54,900
59.8
51,169
55.7
3,730
6.8

54,882
59.7
51,275
55.8
3,606
6.6

55,116
60.2
51,091
55.8
4,025
7.3

54,914
59.7
50,920
55.3
3,994
7.3

54,686
59.6
50,878
55.4
3,808
7.0

54,677
59.5
50,816
55.3
3,860
7.1

54,950
59.8
51,184
55.7
3,766
6.9

54,971
59.8
51,138
55.6
3,833
7.0

4,699
36.3
3,668
28.3
1,031
21.9

4,367
34.0
3,454
26.9
913
20.9

4,354
33.9
3,453
26.9
901
20.7

5,024
38.8
3,846
29.7
1,178
23.4

4,746
37.1
3,676
28.7
1,070
22.5

4,833
37.5
3,732
29.0
1,100
22.8

4,641
36.1
3,654
28.4
987
21.3

4,683
36.4
3,672
28.6
1,011
21.6

4,646
36.2
3,610
28.1
1,036
22.3

28,624
17,868
62.4
15,020
52.5
2,848
15.9
10,756

29,005
17,705
61.0
14,965
51.6
2,740
15.5
11,300

29,035
17,765
61.2
14,966
51.5
2,799
15.8
11,270

28,624
17,967
62.8
14,996
52.4
2,971
16.5
10,657

28,896
17,958
62.1
15,119
52.3
2,839
15.8
10,939

28,947
17,857
61.7
15,048
52.0
2,809
15.7
11,090

28,976
17,865
61.7
15,124
52.2
2,741
15.3
11,112

29,005
17,836
61.5
15,067
51.9
2,769
15.5
11,169

29,035
17,849
61.5
14,966
51.5
2,882
16.1
11,186

8,081
69.8
6,635
57.3
1,446
17.9

8,093
68.5
6,635
56.1
1,458
18.0

8,091
68.4
6,688
56.5
1,403
17.3

8,112
70.1
6,672
57.6
1,440
17.7

8,106
69.1
6,764
57.6
1,341
16.5

8,054
68.3
6,723
57.1
1,331
16.5

8,053
68.2
6,745
57.2
1,309
16.2

8,119
68.7
6,758
57.2
1,361
16.8

8,113
68.6
6,731
56.9
1,382
17.0

9,151
63.7
7,971
55.4
1,181
12.9

8,990
61.7
7,953
54.6
1,037
11.5

9,032
61.9
7,877
54.0
1,155
12.8

9,175
63.8
7,904
55.0
1,270
13.8

9,204
63.3
7,993
55.0
1,211
13.2

9,146
62.9
7,966
54.8
1,179
12.9

9,185
63.1
7,993
54.9
1,192
13.0

9,050
62.1
7,923
54.4
1,127
12.5

9,054
62.0
7,836
53.7
1,217
13.4

635
23.8
414
15.5
221
34.8

623
23.8
378
14.5
245
39.3

642
24.6
402
15.4
241
37.5

681
25.5
420
15.7
261
38.3

648
24.6
361
13.7
287
44.2

658
25.1
359
13.7
299
45.4

627
23.9
386
14.7
241
38.4

668
25.6
387
14.8
281
42.1

682
26.2
398
15.3
284
41.6

11,138

11,301

11,378

–

–

–

–

–

–

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2010
7,300
65.5
6,806
61.1
494
6.8
3,838

Mar.
2011
7,410
65.6
6,881
60.9
529
7.1
3,892

Apr.
2011
7,295
64.1
6,832
60.0
463
6.4
4,083

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Jan.
2011
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Feb.
2011
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Mar.
2011
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Apr.
2011
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

33,498
22,554
67.3
19,872
59.3
2,682
11.9
10,944

34,155
22,585
66.1
19,896
58.3
2,690
11.9
11,570

34,233
22,672
66.2
20,124
58.8
2,548
11.2
11,561

33,498
22,674
67.7
19,854
59.3
2,820
12.4
10,824

34,188
22,868
66.9
19,906
58.2
2,962
13.0
11,320

34,001
22,823
67.1
20,099
59.1
2,724
11.9
11,178

34,079
22,519
66.1
19,912
58.4
2,606
11.6
11,561

34,155
22,676
66.4
20,105
58.9
2,571
11.3
11,479

34,233
22,798
66.6
20,110
58.7
2,688
11.8
11,435

12,838
82.4
11,405
73.2
1,433
11.2

12,889
81.6
11,452
72.5
1,437
11.1

12,899
81.4
11,568
73.0
1,331
10.3

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

8,754
59.6
7,786
53.0
969
11.1

8,788
58.7
7,825
52.3
963
11.0

8,896
59.3
7,884
52.6
1,012
11.4

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

961
29.7
681
21.0
280
29.2

909
26.8
619
18.3
290
31.9

878
25.9
672
19.8
206
23.4

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release
of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

12,225
46.8
10,447
40.0
1,778
14.5

11,565
45.7
9,809
38.8
1,756
15.2

11,703
46.1
10,000
39.4
1,703
14.5

12,079
46.2
10,303
39.4
1,776
14.7

11,758
46.0
9,963
39.0
1,795
15.3

11,383
45.1
9,770
38.7
1,613
14.2

11,317
45.5
9,749
39.2
1,568
13.9

11,652
46.1
10,059
39.8
1,593
13.7

11,567
45.5
9,876
38.9
1,691
14.6

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

38,779
62.3
34,723
55.8
4,056
10.5

37,541
60.6
33,604
54.3
3,937
10.5

37,485
60.4
33,886
54.6
3,599
9.6

38,854
62.4
34,763
55.8
4,091
10.5

38,203
60.9
34,465
54.9
3,738
9.8

37,513
60.3
33,972
54.6
3,541
9.4

37,525
60.3
33,965
54.6
3,560
9.5

37,171
60.0
33,654
54.4
3,517
9.5

37,506
60.4
33,881
54.6
3,626
9.7

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

36,547
70.8
33,590
65.1
2,957
8.1

36,519
69.5
33,708
64.1
2,811
7.7

36,463
69.3
33,829
64.3
2,634
7.2

36,650
71.0
33,625
65.1
3,025
8.3

36,809
70.2
33,821
64.5
2,988
8.1

36,841
70.2
33,878
64.6
2,963
8.0

36,784
69.5
33,919
64.1
2,865
7.8

36,653
69.7
33,938
64.6
2,715
7.4

36,637
69.7
33,907
64.5
2,730
7.5

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

45,794
77.2
43,778
73.8
2,015
4.4

46,979
77.0
44,943
73.6
2,036
4.3

46,913
77.0
44,976
73.8
1,937
4.1

45,839
77.2
43,641
73.5
2,198
4.8

46,312
76.9
44,095
73.2
2,217
4.8

46,263
76.4
44,322
73.2
1,941
4.2

46,591
76.9
44,588
73.6
2,003
4.3

46,919
76.9
44,843
73.5
2,076
4.4

46,897
77.0
44,789
73.5
2,109
4.5

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Apr.
2010

Men
Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Women
Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,093
11,742
53.1
10,679
48.3
1,064
9.1
10,351

21,697
11,318
52.2
10,445
48.1
873
7.7
10,379

20,310
10,632
52.4
9,669
47.6
964
9.1
9,678

19,898
10,191
51.2
9,427
47.4
764
7.5
9,707

1,783
1,110
62.2
1,010
56.6
100
9.0
673

1,799
1,128
62.7
1,018
56.6
110
9.7
671

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,101
1,694
80.6
1,472
70.0
223
13.1
407

2,466
1,962
79.5
1,748
70.9
214
10.9
505

1,748
1,441
82.4
1,249
71.4
192
13.3
308

1,996
1,646
82.5
1,454
72.9
192
11.7
350

353
254
71.9
223
63.2
31
12.0
99

470
315
67.1
293
62.5
22
6.9
155

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,989
2,610
87.3
2,397
80.2
213
8.1
380

2,855
2,406
84.3
2,248
78.7
158
6.6
449

2,500
2,226
89.0
2,047
81.9
179
8.1
274

2,417
2,087
86.3
1,953
80.8
135
6.5
330

489
383
78.4
350
71.6
33
8.7
106

437
319
72.9
296
67.6
23
7.3
119

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,103
4,019
36.2
3,726
33.6
293
7.3
7,083

10,529
3,582
34.0
3,354
31.9
229
6.4
6,946

10,725
3,904
36.4
3,614
33.7
289
7.4
6,822

10,201
3,444
33.8
3,235
31.7
209
6.1
6,758

377
116
30.7
112
29.6
4
3.4
262

327
139
42.4
119
36.5
19
13.9
189

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,900
3,419
58.0
3,084
52.3
335
9.8
2,481

5,847
3,368
57.6
3,095
52.9
273
8.1
2,479

5,336
3,062
57.4
2,759
51.7
303
9.9
2,274

5,283
3,013
57.0
2,786
52.7
227
7.6
2,270

564
357
63.3
325
57.6
32
9.0
207

565
355
62.9
309
54.8
45
12.8
210

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

206,378
140,337
68.0
127,291
61.7
13,046
9.3
66,041

208,727
139,957
67.1
128,072
61.4
11,885
8.5
68,771

90,114
70,471
78.2
63,007
69.9
7,463
10.6
19,644

91,652
70,399
76.8
63,803
69.6
6,596
9.4
21,253

116,264
69,867
60.1
64,284
55.3
5,583
8.0
46,397

117,075
69,558
59.4
64,269
54.9
5,289
7.6
47,518

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time
periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

Persons with no disability
Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

26,590
5,897
22.2
4,999
18.8
897
15.2
20,693

27,603
5,699
20.6
4,873
17.7
827
14.5
21,904

210,739
148,015
70.2
134,303
63.7
13,712
9.3
62,725

211,543
147,199
69.6
134,789
63.7
12,410
8.4
64,344

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,731
37.8
2,258
31.2
473
17.3
4,496

2,591
34.5
2,172
28.9
418
16.1
4,929

75,654
83.2
67,665
74.4
7,989
10.6
15,316

74,820
82.0
67,901
74.4
6,920
9.2
16,399

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,393
31.4
2,035
26.7
358
14.9
5,227

2,229
28.9
1,890
24.5
339
15.2
5,497

66,545
71.6
61,148
65.8
5,397
8.1
26,395

66,156
71.0
61,012
65.5
5,144
7.8
27,047

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

773
6.6
707
6.0
67
8.6
10,970

879
7.1
810
6.6
69
7.8
11,478

5,816
21.7
5,490
20.5
326
5.6
21,014

6,223
22.9
5,876
21.7
347
5.6
20,898

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing
even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;
has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or
shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Apr.
2010

Men
Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Women
Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,996
23,916
68.3
21,816
62.3
2,100
8.8
11,080

35,737
23,915
66.9
21,741
60.8
2,174
9.1
11,822

17,581
14,179
80.7
12,940
73.6
1,239
8.7
3,402

17,848
14,174
79.4
12,911
72.3
1,263
8.9
3,674

17,415
9,737
55.9
8,876
51.0
861
8.8
7,678

17,889
9,741
54.5
8,830
49.4
911
9.3
8,148

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

202,333
129,995
64.2
117,486
58.1
12,509
9.6
72,337

203,409
128,984
63.4
117,920
58.0
11,063
8.6
74,425

97,329
67,834
69.7
60,374
62.0
7,460
11.0
29,495

98,219
67,180
68.4
60,850
62.0
6,330
9.4
31,039

105,003
62,161
59.2
57,112
54.4
5,049
8.1
42,843

105,191
61,804
58.8
57,070
54.3
4,733
7.7
43,387

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or
one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private households........................... .
Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

2,210
1,343
837
30
137,092
128,031
21,844
106,187
711
105,476
8,948
114

2,145
1,303
824
17
136,818
128,060
21,082
106,978
695
106,283
8,652
105

2,061
1,198
830
33
137,601
128,814
21,112
107,702
671
107,031
8,693
94

2,242
1,386
825
–
137,134
128,107
21,403
106,720
–
105,995
8,892
–

2,176
1,384
775
–
137,001
128,043
20,759
107,303
–
106,665
8,783
–

2,256
1,390
861
–
137,088
128,151
20,740
107,409
–
106,774
8,864
–

2,255
1,340
889
–
137,443
128,664
20,933
107,681
–
106,965
8,688
–

2,251
1,423
835
–
137,738
128,800
20,858
107,946
–
107,251
8,773
–

2,087
1,245
818
–
137,595
128,840
20,726
108,186
–
107,510
8,650
–

8,921
6,113
2,571
18,853

8,737
5,812
2,529
18,912

8,425
5,547
2,605
19,163

9,146
6,247
2,492
18,035

8,931
6,011
2,568
18,184

8,407
5,771
2,510
17,929

8,340
5,630
2,415
18,220

8,433
5,595
2,332
18,417

8,600
5,689
2,480
18,282

8,830
6,063
2,558
18,506

8,537
5,708
2,503
18,565

8,305
5,448
2,595
18,803

9,048
6,186
2,480
17,733

8,789
5,911
2,542
17,829

8,242
5,661
2,513
17,552

8,248
5,558
2,383
17,835

8,265
5,504
2,305
17,984

8,475
5,581
2,457
17,967

1 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,
inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

139,302
4,330
1,333
2,998
134,972
12,434
122,539
94,543
30,221
30,912
33,410
27,995

138,962
4,075
1,172
2,903
134,887
12,823
122,064
93,442
30,303
30,453
32,686
28,622

139,661
4,106
1,145
2,961
135,555
12,864
122,691
93,762
30,318
30,483
32,961
28,929

139,382
4,533
1,450
3,052
134,850
12,562
122,279
94,422
30,219
30,872
33,331
27,857

139,206
4,298
1,434
2,869
134,908
12,713
122,196
93,962
30,345
30,447
33,170
28,234

139,323
4,341
1,406
2,939
134,982
12,941
122,026
93,758
30,438
30,373
32,946
28,268

139,573
4,300
1,311
3,000
135,274
12,954
122,245
93,764
30,412
30,409
32,943
28,481

139,864
4,339
1,326
2,990
135,525
13,021
122,479
93,949
30,538
30,605
32,806
28,530

139,674
4,255
1,247
2,989
135,419
12,978
122,423
93,690
30,354
30,441
32,895
28,733

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73,315
2,088
638
1,450
71,226
6,319
64,907
50,285
16,299
16,650
17,336
14,623

73,187
1,980
604
1,376
71,207
6,579
64,628
49,659
16,401
16,319
16,939
14,969

73,761
1,939
531
1,408
71,822
6,651
65,171
49,988
16,447
16,401
17,140
15,183

73,526
2,177
694
1,491
71,348
6,391
64,933
50,364
16,374
16,666
17,324
14,570

73,600
2,121
695
1,420
71,480
6,568
64,904
50,117
16,428
16,522
17,168
14,787

73,800
2,211
717
1,471
71,589
6,784
64,789
50,005
16,542
16,394
17,070
14,784

74,122
2,168
668
1,495
71,954
6,715
65,179
50,247
16,627
16,477
17,143
14,932

74,108
2,149
688
1,454
71,959
6,731
65,207
50,241
16,677
16,481
17,083
14,966

73,973
2,033
582
1,441
71,939
6,712
65,193
50,107
16,557
16,428
17,123
15,087

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65,988
2,242
694
1,548
63,746
6,115
57,631
44,259
13,922
14,263
16,074
13,373

65,775
2,095
568
1,527
63,681
6,244
57,436
43,783
13,902
14,135
15,746
13,653

65,900
2,167
614
1,554
63,733
6,213
57,520
43,774
13,871
14,082
15,821
13,746

65,856
2,355
756
1,561
63,501
6,171
57,346
44,058
13,845
14,206
16,007
13,288

65,605
2,177
739
1,449
63,428
6,145
57,292
43,845
13,917
13,925
16,003
13,447

65,523
2,130
689
1,468
63,392
6,157
57,237
43,752
13,897
13,979
15,877
13,485

65,451
2,132
644
1,506
63,319
6,239
57,065
43,517
13,785
13,931
15,800
13,549

65,756
2,190
638
1,537
63,566
6,290
57,272
43,708
13,862
14,124
15,723
13,564

65,702
2,222
665
1,548
63,479
6,266
57,230
43,584
13,798
14,014
15,772
13,646

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,256
34,812
8,907

42,636
34,292
8,744

42,992
34,211
8,968

43,248
34,592
–

43,081
34,612
–

42,915
34,571
–

42,957
34,496
–

42,880
34,236
–

42,987
34,062
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111,391
27,912

111,186
27,776

111,844
27,817

112,056
27,201

111,744
27,394

112,356
26,901

112,660
26,878

112,775
27,087

112,484
27,088

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,105
5.1

6,809
4.9

6,887
4.9

7,008
5.0

6,950
5.0

6,840
4.9

6,764
4.8

6,746
4.8

6,775
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,124
9,785

5,169
9,476

5,030
9,523

–
9,718

–
9,559

–
9,724

–
9,577

–
9,608

–
9,468

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

15,138
1,542
599
967
13,596
2,598
11,007
8,911
3,426
2,711
2,774
2,091

13,542
1,405
542
869
12,137
2,297
9,858
7,933
3,068
2,361
2,504
1,969

13,747
1,413
570
855
12,334
2,279
10,109
8,117
3,197
2,407
2,513
1,994

9.8
25.4
29.2
24.1
9.2
17.1
8.3
8.6
10.2
8.1
7.7
7.0

9.4
25.4
27.1
24.5
8.8
15.3
8.1
8.5
10.1
7.8
7.5
6.9

9.0
25.7
27.8
24.6
8.4
15.2
7.6
7.9
9.3
7.4
7.1
6.7

8.9
23.9
28.8
21.5
8.3
15.4
7.6
7.9
9.4
7.4
7.0
6.4

8.8
24.5
29.0
22.5
8.2
15.0
7.4
7.8
9.1
7.2
7.1
6.5

9.0
24.9
31.4
22.2
8.3
14.9
7.6
8.0
9.5
7.3
7.1
6.5

Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

8,829
898
332
572
7,931
1,577
6,330
5,146
2,002
1,547
1,598
1,184

7,566
761
275
492
6,805
1,319
5,486
4,396
1,703
1,287
1,406
1,090

7,712
795
283
517
6,917
1,284
5,625
4,505
1,812
1,273
1,420
1,121

10.7
29.2
32.3
27.7
10.0
19.8
8.9
9.3
10.9
8.5
8.4
7.5

10.1
27.8
29.0
27.4
9.4
16.9
8.6
8.9
10.6
7.9
8.3
7.2

9.5
27.2
29.1
26.6
8.8
15.9
8.0
8.3
9.8
7.6
7.5
7.1

9.3
25.9
28.5
24.8
8.7
16.4
7.9
8.1
9.5
7.5
7.3
7.1

9.3
26.2
28.5
25.3
8.6
16.4
7.8
8.0
9.3
7.2
7.6
6.8

9.4
28.1
32.7
26.4
8.8
16.1
7.9
8.2
9.9
7.2
7.7
6.9

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over1 .......................... .

6,309
643
267
395
5,665
1,021
4,677
3,765
1,424
1,164
1,176
815

5,976
644
267
377
5,332
978
4,372
3,537
1,365
1,073
1,098
846

6,035
619
287
338
5,417
995
4,483
3,612
1,385
1,135
1,093
782

8.7
21.5
26.1
20.2
8.2
14.2
7.5
7.9
9.3
7.6
6.8
5.7

8.7
22.8
25.2
21.5
8.1
13.5
7.5
7.9
9.5
7.6
6.6
5.8

8.5
24.0
26.4
22.5
7.9
14.4
7.1
7.5
8.7
7.1
6.6
6.3

8.5
21.8
29.1
17.8
8.0
14.2
7.2
7.7
9.2
7.4
6.6
5.7

8.3
22.7
29.5
19.7
7.7
13.5
7.1
7.5
9.0
7.1
6.5
5.8

8.4
21.8
30.1
17.9
7.9
13.7
7.3
7.7
9.1
7.5
6.5
5.4

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,089
2,286
1,105

2,688
2,076
1,224

2,756
2,056
1,193

6.7
6.2
11.0

6.6
5.6
12.0

5.8
5.6
12.7

5.8
5.4
13.0

5.9
5.7
12.3

6.0
5.7
11.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13,258
1,894

11,746
1,835

11,938
1,840

10.6
6.5

10.2
6.0

9.7
6.2

9.5
6.5

9.4
6.3

9.6
6.4

1 Not seasonally adjusted.
2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time
jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Permanent job losers........................... .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,110
1,296
7,814
6,521
1,293
895
3,558
1,047

8,841
1,489
7,352
5,877
1,475
857
3,233
1,129

7,958
1,186
6,772
5,449
1,323
911
3,217
1,151

9,237
1,356
7,881
6,494
1,387
933
3,749
1,217

8,923
1,402
7,521
5,995
1,526
914
3,408
1,311

8,519
1,249
7,270
5,879
1,391
910
3,357
1,351

8,334
1,270
7,064
5,671
1,393
898
3,352
1,337

8,209
1,197
7,013
5,625
1,388
896
3,262
1,360

8,144
1,251
6,894
5,480
1,414
942
3,375
1,346

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

62.4
8.9
53.5
6.1
24.4
7.2

62.9
10.6
52.3
6.1
23.0
8.0

60.1
9.0
51.2
6.9
24.3
8.7

61.0
9.0
52.1
6.2
24.8
8.0

61.3
9.6
51.7
6.3
23.4
9.0

60.3
8.8
51.4
6.4
23.7
9.6

59.9
9.1
50.7
6.4
24.1
9.6

59.8
8.7
51.1
6.5
23.8
9.9

59.0
9.1
49.9
6.8
24.4
9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.9
0.6
2.3
0.7

5.8
0.6
2.1
0.7

5.2
0.6
2.1
0.8

6.0
0.6
2.4
0.8

5.8
0.6
2.2
0.9

5.6
0.6
2.2
0.9

5.4
0.6
2.2
0.9

5.4
0.6
2.1
0.9

5.3
0.6
2.2
0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,304
2,594
9,710
2,691
7,020

2,161
3,230
8,669
2,407
6,263

2,325
2,478
8,434
2,333
6,101

2,695
3,000
8,933
2,274
6,659

2,725
3,184
8,647
2,205
6,441

2,678
3,016
8,495
2,285
6,210

2,390
3,094
8,172
2,179
5,993

2,449
2,914
8,078
1,957
6,122

2,691
2,907
7,845
2,006
5,839

Average (mean) duration, in weeks1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35.8
25.8

39.8
22.7

41.4
24.3

33.1
21.6

34.2
22.4

36.9
21.8

37.1
21.2

39.0
21.7

38.3
20.7

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15.8
17.8
66.5
18.4
48.1

15.4
23.0
61.7
17.1
44.5

17.6
18.7
63.7
17.6
46.1

18.4
20.5
61.1
15.5
45.5

18.7
21.9
59.4
15.2
44.3

18.9
21.3
59.9
16.1
43.8

17.5
22.7
59.8
16.0
43.9

18.2
21.7
60.1
14.6
45.5

20.0
21.6
58.4
14.9
43.4

1 Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see
www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations................................................. .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................................ .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............ .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................................ .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations............. .

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

139,302
52,355

139,661
53,216

14,609
2,464

13,237
2,196

9.5
4.5

8.7
4.0

21,215
31,140
24,474
33,577
15,416
18,160

21,640
31,576
24,354
32,974
15,134
17,841

1,139
1,325
2,733
3,173
1,554
1,619

1,050
1,146
2,598
2,929
1,402
1,528

5.1
4.1
10.0
8.6
9.2
8.2

4.6
3.5
9.6
8.2
8.5
7.9

13,013
960
7,083
4,971

12,735
862
7,042
4,831

2,673
193
1,931
549

2,110
206
1,448
455

17.0
16.7
21.4
10.0

14.2
19.3
17.1
8.6

15,884
7,836
8,048

16,382
8,098
8,284

2,478
1,252
1,226

2,208
1,074
1,134

13.5
13.8
13.2

11.9
11.7
12.0

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the
introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is
derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with
earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... .
Government workers................................................................... .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

14,609
11,967
69
1,919
1,688
1,100
588
1,967
530
302
708
1,586
1,051
1,633
515
232
769
594

13,237
10,560
28
1,501
1,444
951
493
1,776
500
218
621
1,340
1,088
1,482
564
182
778
565

9.5
10.1
9.4
21.8
11.1
11.6
10.2
9.5
9.1
9.4
7.6
11.1
5.0
12.8
8.4
15.0
3.4
5.6

8.7
8.9
3.5
17.8
9.4
9.8
8.6
8.8
8.4
7.1
6.7
9.1
5.0
11.7
9.2
13.7
3.5
5.5

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as
a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,
plus all other persons marginally attached to
the labor force, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all persons marginally attached
to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor
force................................................. .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Dec.
2010

Jan.
2011

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011

Apr.
2011

6.3

5.7

5.5

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.1

5.9

5.8

5.2

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.3

9.5

9.2

8.7

9.8

9.4

9.0

8.9

8.8

9.0

10.2

9.7

9.2

10.5

10.2

9.6

9.5

9.4

9.5

10.9

10.6

10.1

11.2

10.9

10.7

10.5

10.3

10.4

16.6

16.2

15.5

17.0

16.7

16.1

15.9

15.7

15.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are
available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a
job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for
full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Apr.
2010

Men
Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Women
Apr.
2011

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force............................................ .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . ............................. .
Marginally attached to the labor force1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3 . . . .

83,418
5,865
2,432
1,197
1,234

86,248
6,482
2,466
989
1,477

32,897
2,795
1,294
736
557

34,713
3,159
1,361
566
795

50,521
3,070
1,138
461
677

51,535
3,323
1,105
423
682

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,105
5.1
3,636
1,888
289
1,256

6,887
4.9
3,586
1,831
221
1,211

3,453
4.7
1,971
600
183
684

3,302
4.5
1,896
618
149
626

3,651
5.5
1,665
1,288
106
571

3,585
5.4
1,691
1,213
72
586

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,
but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling
or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation
problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

129,698
106,707
17,520

128,994
106,515
17,330

129,919
107,335
17,506

131,088
108,494
17,776

129,715
107,145
17,762

130,563
108,363
17,916

130,784
108,594
17,953

131,028
108,862
17,997

Change
from:
Mar.2011 Apr.2011p
244
268
44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

677
47.3
629.6
156.1
198.5
78.9
275.0

726
47.4
678.6
163.6
195.4
82.6
319.6

743
47.4
695.2
165.7
199.6
83.8
329.9

756
44.5
711.9
167.7
207.8
85.1
336.4

687
51.0
636.2
157.8
201.3
79.3
277.1

744
48.4
695.1
165.0
206.1
83.0
324.0

757
49.9
707.5
167.1
207.4
83.9
333.0

767
47.9
718.9
169.1
210.1
85.5
339.7

10
-2.0
11.4
2.0
2.7
1.6
6.7

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . .

5,420
1,214.1
560.9
653.2
805.2
3,400.8
1,442.7
1,958.1

5,072
1,146.8
527.5
619.3
725.1
3,199.7
1,339.9
1,859.8

5,184
1,167.6
535.8
631.8
757.1
3,259.2
1,358.5
1,900.7

5,385
1,187.9
543.5
644.4
826.8
3,369.8
1,414.2
1,955.6

5,566
1,249.7
582.7
667.0
831.6
3,484.7
1,479.6
2,005.1

5,517
1,221.4
565.7
655.7
839.0
3,456.5
1,456.0
2,000.5

5,519
1,224.4
566.4
658.0
840.2
3,454.4
1,451.0
2,003.4

5,524
1,221.1
564.3
656.8
852.9
3,449.6
1,447.7
2,001.9

5
-3.3
-2.1
-1.2
12.7
-4.8
-3.3
-1.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,423

11,532

11,579

11,635

11,509

11,655

11,677

11,706

29

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products1 . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . .
Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,004
340.7
371.0
355.7
1,260.2
982.0
1,090.4
158.7
115.7

7,150
332.8
352.1
372.4
1,318.0
1,023.4
1,114.7
169.4
117.3

7,187
333.4
358.3
375.0
1,331.0
1,027.3
1,118.9
169.9
117.0

7,224
337.0
372.0
378.5
1,334.7
1,031.9
1,121.8
170.3
120.0

7,039
345.1
372.2
357.8
1,271.2
986.8
1,094.8
159.6
116.1

7,211
343.1
371.4
374.5
1,329.8
1,025.8
1,117.9
169.7
117.8

7,232
342.9
372.0
376.0
1,338.4
1,030.6
1,120.4
169.7
118.4

7,251
341.0
372.7
380.1
1,343.5
1,035.8
1,124.4
170.6
120.8

19
-1.9
0.7
4.1
5.1
5.2
4.0
0.9
2.4

366.4
404.6
355.9
1,324.1
670.3
358.4
565.8

379.0
404.0
367.5
1,349.3
691.9
346.0
574.1

383.2
403.5
364.8
1,359.0
697.0
347.3
572.3

382.8
403.2
365.8
1,361.9
699.2
348.2
571.9

368.0
405.6
358.0
1,326.3
669.4
359.5
567.3

380.1
405.2
368.5
1,354.0
693.3
350.6
575.5

382.8
404.2
367.3
1,360.3
695.8
350.1
574.0

383.3
404.2
367.7
1,364.6
698.7
348.5
572.4

0.5
0.0
0.4
4.3
2.9
-1.6
-1.6

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,419
1,417.2
179.0
119.2
118.5
157.7
26.5
395.1
487.1
114.0
782.9
621.8

4,382
1,419.3
173.6
119.9
114.9
155.5
28.8
395.4
470.7
107.0
772.3
624.1

4,392
1,420.8
173.6
120.2
116.1
155.2
29.3
395.0
471.5
109.0
774.0
626.8

4,411
1,428.0
176.8
121.1
115.7
155.3
29.2
397.0
470.3
111.6
776.1
629.8

4,470
1,450.8
183.4
119.7
119.5
158.3
26.7
397.6
490.4
115.6
785.4
622.5

4,444
1,452.6
180.2
120.8
116.4
156.3
29.1
397.4
474.5
112.6
774.9
629.5

4,445
1,451.7
179.5
120.7
116.5
155.9
29.2
397.9
473.9
113.0
776.3
630.5

4,455
1,458.9
180.8
121.3
116.2
155.8
29.2
398.4
473.3
113.2
778.5
629.4

10
7.2
1.3
0.6
-0.3
-0.1
0.0
0.5
-0.6
0.2
2.2
-1.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

89,187

89,185

89,829

90,718

89,383

90,447

90,641

90,865

224

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24,365

24,385

24,499

24,663

24,581

24,775

24,790

24,861

71

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. .

5,429.1
2,699.8
1,929.8
799.5

5,454.7
2,736.3
1,913.8
804.6

5,493.0
2,751.2
1,932.0
809.8

5,517.6
2,759.0
1,943.6
815.0

5,445.9
2,710.1
1,934.5
801.3

5,508.2
2,755.9
1,941.7
810.6

5,524.3
2,765.2
1,945.8
813.3

5,531.3
2,769.1
1,946.0
816.2

7.0
3.9
0.2
2.9

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . .

14,256.3
1,618.9
1,001.3
430.2

14,199.6
1,629.3
1,016.1
428.3

14,256.1
1,644.2
1,023.8
428.1

14,379.0
1,665.1
1,032.1
428.0

14,424.3
1,621.3
1,003.2
436.6

14,477.8
1,656.2
1,026.9
434.7

14,474.6
1,661.1
1,029.9
434.8

14,531.7
1,668.0
1,034.6
434.8

57.1
6.9
4.7
0.0

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Change
from:
Mar.2011 Apr.2011p

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply stores.. .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

486.9
1,175.4
2,784.0
974.0
810.8
1,331.4

493.9
1,066.5
2,787.9
965.8
800.4
1,366.2

491.5
1,113.6
2,788.8
963.2
803.2
1,372.1

493.1
1,171.1
2,799.8
966.3
810.7
1,383.6

492.4
1,146.5
2,814.2
979.6
816.4
1,373.9

496.4
1,115.2
2,818.1
971.1
813.2
1,417.0

494.0
1,128.2
2,818.8
970.1
813.8
1,421.0

499.6
1,133.8
2,825.6
972.2
815.7
1,427.1

5.6
5.6
6.8
2.1
1.9
6.1

582.7
2,902.2
1,441.1
752.5
407.3

588.5
2,917.8
1,464.0
748.9
406.1

583.2
2,918.1
1,454.9
745.6
404.5

577.2
2,931.5
1,454.0
751.7
400.9

602.7
2,959.2
1,486.1
763.9
417.6

598.3
2,984.7
1,499.5
758.9
414.0

599.4
2,958.1
1,488.4
762.3
413.0

596.8
2,985.5
1,497.8
761.0
411.6

-2.6
27.4
9.4
-1.3
-1.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,128.0
462.9
212.0
60.6
1,218.5

4,182.0
469.5
218.9
62.8
1,229.8

4,200.6
472.4
219.9
62.7
1,241.1

4,215.3
471.1
221.1
62.7
1,254.2

4,156.3
461.9
211.8
61.9
1,237.5

4,238.2
470.5
220.1
66.2
1,265.2

4,241.2
471.6
220.6
64.9
1,268.4

4,245.3
468.4
220.6
64.2
1,272.9

4.1
-3.2
0.0
-0.7
4.5

437.9
42.4
24.7
534.6
511.5
622.9

454.2
42.5
20.4
547.9
514.7
621.3

455.7
42.9
21.6
547.6
514.1
622.6

460.5
43.1
23.2
552.8
507.4
619.2

425.5
42.5
27.6
538.1
521.0
628.5

445.1
42.6
27.2
550.5
522.2
628.6

444.9
43.1
27.3
552.4
522.0
626.0

448.0
43.1
26.3
555.4
521.4
625.0

3.1
0.0
-1.0
3.0
-0.6
-1.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

551.8

548.6

548.9

550.7

554.1

550.6

550.3

552.3

2.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,715
760.3

2,674
755.2

2,678
754.5

2,683
756.3

2,716
762.4

2,684
757.7

2,682
756.0

2,684
757.9

2
1.9

374.8
292.8
901.5

357.4
296.0
878.7

366.0
295.3
872.8

372.7
295.0
866.9

370.2
294.6
906.5

365.2
297.1
875.9

368.4
296.1
872.9

368.7
296.6
871.9

0.3
0.5
-1.0

246.2
139.0

238.4
148.2

240.4
148.5

242.4
149.7

243.2
139.5

239.8
148.3

239.7
149.2

239.3
150.0

-0.4
0.8

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1 . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . .
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . .

7,618
5,687.1
20.7

7,560
5,662.7
20.8

7,574
5,664.7
21.1

7,589
5,657.1
21.0

7,648
5,695.7
20.6

7,606
5,669.8
21.0

7,611
5,668.3
21.0

7,615
5,664.6
21.0

4
-3.7
0.0

2,537.3
1,725.9
1,302.9

2,539.6
1,742.0
1,315.0

2,534.5
1,742.0
1,315.2

2,531.6
1,745.3
1,317.9

2,540.3
1,729.9
1,305.2

2,539.7
1,744.2
1,316.3

2,536.3
1,745.8
1,317.8

2,534.5
1,747.4
1,320.4

-1.8
1.6
2.6

798.8
2,243.5
86.8
1,930.4
1,393.3
511.9
25.2

805.6
2,209.5
87.2
1,897.1
1,373.1
498.6
25.4

807.9
2,214.4
86.8
1,908.8
1,375.4
507.8
25.6

806.1
2,211.8
86.6
1,931.6
1,390.4
515.5
25.7

802.0
2,245.8
87.0
1,952.2
1,406.0
520.9
25.3

806.7
2,215.1
87.3
1,935.7
1,394.7
515.4
25.6

807.8
2,216.0
87.2
1,943.0
1,396.3
521.0
25.7

808.5
2,213.7
86.9
1,950.2
1,401.2
523.3
25.7

0.7
-2.3
-0.3
7.2
4.9
2.3
0.0

16,597
7,490.4
1,108.5
994.3
1,268.6

16,727
7,584.7
1,106.1
1,019.6
1,269.4

16,879
7,616.2
1,108.2
1,020.6
1,274.0

17,126
7,665.9
1,110.6
1,014.1
1,289.2

16,615
7,416.2
1,113.2
891.3
1,278.5

16,991
7,507.1
1,113.5
879.5
1,289.2

17,077
7,548.2
1,113.2
901.0
1,292.6

17,128
7,581.2
1,114.7
904.4
1,298.2

51
33.0
1.5
3.4
5.6

1,431.0

1,473.3

1,476.6

1,491.3

1,433.5

1,477.6

1,485.3

1,493.2

7.9

980.3
1,851.5
7,254.7

1,010.3
1,859.7
7,282.8

1,015.5
1,868.2
7,394.3

1,030.1
1,866.8
7,593.1

987.4
1,859.0
7,339.6

1,020.4
1,870.5
7,613.6

1,024.9
1,873.3
7,655.2

1,036.2
1,874.2
7,672.7

11.3
0.9
17.5

Industry

Retail trade - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services1 . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Change
from:
Mar.2011 Apr.2011p

Administrative and support services1 . . . . . . . .
Employment services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,906.7
2,598.9
1,973.4
801.8
1,738.5

6,930.6
2,745.6
2,103.6
808.3
1,598.9

7,040.9
2,804.1
2,160.0
810.5
1,635.0

7,234.4
2,850.9
2,193.9
804.6
1,768.3

6,987.8
2,664.8
2,027.3
804.3
1,741.0

7,252.3
2,881.2
2,217.6
806.1
1,765.1

7,293.7
2,916.9
2,252.0
806.6
1,765.2

7,310.4
2,915.4
2,249.7
807.4
1,770.0

16.7
-1.5
-2.3
0.8
4.8

348.0

352.2

353.4

358.7

351.8

361.3

361.5

362.3

0.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services1 . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities1 . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,645
3,294.6
16,350.2
13,716.2
5,938.7
2,304.3
598.2
1,075.2
4,666.7
3,110.8
1,652.6
2,634.0
872.9

19,928
3,349.2
16,578.9
13,911.9
6,052.1
2,329.0
613.6
1,107.6
4,706.1
3,153.7
1,667.9
2,667.0
870.3

20,002
3,351.4
16,650.7
13,966.0
6,075.7
2,338.8
615.8
1,110.4
4,720.3
3,170.0
1,676.6
2,684.7
878.9

20,078
3,365.3
16,712.3
14,014.2
6,107.5
2,344.7
619.8
1,118.0
4,729.1
3,177.6
1,675.2
2,698.1
884.6

19,482
3,135.2
16,346.3
13,739.5
5,942.4
2,309.8
597.9
1,073.5
4,679.6
3,117.5
1,656.4
2,606.8
851.3

19,832
3,205.6
16,626.1
13,962.8
6,073.0
2,334.4
614.7
1,113.4
4,718.8
3,171.0
1,677.5
2,663.3
858.3

19,865
3,199.4
16,665.1
13,997.2
6,089.7
2,343.2
616.5
1,113.0
4,729.4
3,178.1
1,680.5
2,667.9
860.3

19,914
3,206.7
16,706.9
14,034.5
6,111.2
2,349.8
619.0
1,117.1
4,739.5
3,183.8
1,679.3
2,672.4
862.3

49
7.3
41.8
37.3
21.5
6.6
2.5
4.1
10.1
5.7
-1.2
4.5
2.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . .

12,907
1,864.1
408.4
125.6
1,330.1
11,042.7
1,706.1
9,336.6

12,529
1,691.1
380.4
117.6
1,193.1
10,837.7
1,689.5
9,148.2

12,785
1,747.6
390.3
121.4
1,235.9
11,037.6
1,719.1
9,318.5

13,141
1,878.8
416.4
128.9
1,333.5
11,262.4
1,745.9
9,516.5

12,998
1,908.0
404.2
127.6
1,376.2
11,090.4
1,750.7
9,339.7

13,125
1,897.0
413.8
129.5
1,353.7
11,228.2
1,773.1
9,455.1

13,176
1,906.8
415.8
129.9
1,361.1
11,269.4
1,783.8
9,485.6

13,222
1,921.6
413.5
130.3
1,377.8
11,300.0
1,787.6
9,512.4

46
14.8
-2.3
0.4
16.7
30.6
3.8
26.8

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . . .

5,340
1,139.8
1,269.6
2,930.2

5,382
1,139.3
1,261.1
2,981.8

5,412
1,149.0
1,273.2
2,989.5

5,438
1,153.6
1,283.8
3,000.7

5,343
1,134.7
1,265.4
2,943.1

5,434
1,149.8
1,276.0
3,007.8

5,440
1,151.0
1,279.4
3,009.2

5,441
1,147.9
1,279.1
3,014.0

1
-3.1
-0.3
4.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .

22,991
2,983.0
2,318.8
663.8
5,283.0
2,511.7
2,770.9
14,725.0
8,410.2
6,314.4

22,479
2,828.0
2,196.0
632.3
5,235.0
2,517.7
2,716.9
14,416.0
8,234.8
6,181.2

22,584
2,834.0
2,204.4
629.8
5,255.0
2,542.6
2,712.8
14,495.0
8,304.3
6,190.6

22,594
2,849.0
2,213.8
634.9
5,253.0
2,546.0
2,706.8
14,492.0
8,285.2
6,206.4

22,570
2,985.0
2,323.3
662.0
5,138.0
2,364.5
2,773.7
14,447.0
8,058.1
6,388.5

22,200
2,853.0
2,216.5
636.5
5,121.0
2,393.3
2,728.0
14,226.0
7,932.2
6,293.3

22,190
2,855.0
2,221.7
633.5
5,119.0
2,398.8
2,720.2
14,216.0
7,929.1
6,287.0

22,166
2,853.0
2,221.0
632.2
5,111.0
2,400.1
2,711.1
14,202.0
7,924.4
6,277.8

-24
-2.0
-0.7
-1.3
-8.0
1.3
-9.1
-14.0
-4.7
-9.2

Industry

Administrative and waste services - Continued

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .

34.1
39.7
43.3
38.1
40.2
40.4
39.8
33.0
34.2
38.1
31.3
38.1
40.8
36.5
36.9
35.3
32.8
25.8
31.7

34.3
39.9
44.1
38.1
40.5
40.9
40.0
33.2
34.5
38.5
31.4
38.7
41.5
36.5
37.0
35.7
32.7
25.9
31.6

34.3
39.8
44.3
37.9
40.4
40.8
39.8
33.2
34.5
38.5
31.4
38.9
42.1
36.6
37.0
35.6
32.7
25.9
31.7

34.3
39.9
43.6
38.2
40.4
40.8
39.9
33.3
34.6
38.6
31.6
38.9
42.4
36.5
37.1
35.6
32.8
26.0
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

3.0
2.9
3.2

3.3
3.2
3.4

3.2
3.2
3.3

3.3
3.2
3.4

Industry

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$22.52
23.94
27.19
25.12
23.18
24.66
20.82
22.18
19.66
26.15
15.62
20.88
32.24
30.25
27.20
27.11
22.82
13.07
20.09

$22.88
24.27
28.00
25.39
23.52
25.01
21.04
22.55
19.88
26.24
15.69
21.38
33.40
31.44
27.56
27.50
23.37
13.16
20.48

$22.92
24.30
28.02
25.38
23.56
25.06
21.06
22.59
19.96
26.06
15.70
21.44
37.15
31.87
27.59
27.56
23.38
13.18
20.37

$22.95
24.35
28.37
25.42
23.60
25.09
21.11
22.62
20.05
26.27
15.76
21.54
36.89
31.61
27.57
27.60
23.42
13.19
20.35

p Preliminary

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

$ 767.93 $ 784.78 $ 786.16 $ 787.19
950.42
968.37
967.14
971.57
1,177.33 1,234.80 1,241.29 1,236.93
957.07
967.36
961.90
971.04
931.84
952.56
951.82
953.44
996.26 1,022.91 1,022.45 1,023.67
828.64
841.60
838.19
842.29
731.94
748.66
749.99
753.25
672.37
685.86
688.62
693.73
996.32 1,010.24 1,003.31 1,014.02
488.91
492.67
492.98
498.02
795.53
827.41
834.02
837.91
1,315.39 1,386.10 1,564.02 1,564.14
1,104.13 1,147.56 1,166.44 1,153.77
1,003.68 1,019.72 1,020.83 1,022.85
956.98
981.75
981.14
982.56
748.50
764.20
764.53
768.18
337.21
340.84
341.36
342.94
636.85
647.17
645.73
647.13

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2011 Apr.
2011p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

91.6
80.3
93.5
73.1
83.2
80.1
88.8
94.7
91.4
90.5
91.7
90.6
97.8
90.5
93.0
92.2
104.0
95.7
93.8

93.1
81.4
103.1
72.4
84.9
83.0
88.7
96.4
92.9
92.5
92.3
93.9
98.8
89.5
92.7
95.4
105.5
97.0
95.1

93.3
81.4
105.4
72.1
84.9
83.1
88.3
96.6
92.9
92.8
92.3
94.4
100.2
89.6
92.8
95.6
105.7
97.4
95.5

93.6
81.8
105.1
72.7
85.1
83.3
88.7
97.2
93.5
93.2
93.3
94.5
101.3
89.5
93.1
95.9
106.3
98.1
95.9

0.3
0.5
-0.3
0.8
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.4
1.1
0.1
1.1
-0.1
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.4

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2011 Apr.
2011p

98.3
86.9
102.0
79.8
89.7
87.7
93.8
101.8
96.7
98.8
94.7
96.0
104.2
97.5
98.7
101.3
111.2
100.9
107.0

101.6
89.3
115.9
79.9
92.9
92.2
94.7
105.4
99.4
101.3
95.8
101.8
109.1
100.2
99.8
106.3
115.6
103.0
110.6

102.0
89.4
118.5
79.5
93.0
92.5
94.4
105.8
99.9
100.9
95.8
102.7
123.0
101.7
99.9
106.8
115.8
103.5
110.5

102.4
90.0
119.7
80.3
93.4
92.8
95.0
106.5
100.9
102.1
97.2
103.3
123.5
100.7
100.2
107.2
116.6
104.4
110.7

0.4
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.6
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.5
0.6
0.4
-1.0
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.9
0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Total nonfarm.............. . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing..................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing...................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................ .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64,698
51,842
4,104
98
731
3,275
1,730
1,545
47,738
10,025
1,640.1
7,245.1
999.3
140.0
1,110
4,506
7,411
15,043
6,815
2,828
12,856

64,736
52,121
4,068
102
714
3,252
1,723
1,529
48,053
10,001
1,656.5
7,205.3
1,005.0
134.5
1,092
4,441
7,548
15,250
6,850
2,871
12,615

64,811
52,194
4,074
103
713
3,258
1,725
1,533
48,120
9,997
1,660.5
7,197.0
1,004.3
134.7
1,093
4,444
7,579
15,263
6,879
2,865
12,617

64,924
52,318
4,071
104
713
3,254
1,719
1,535
48,247
10,026
1,662.5
7,219.3
1,008.8
135.2
1,092
4,446
7,606
15,303
6,902
2,872
12,606

49.9
48.4
23.1
14.3
13.1
28.5
24.6
34.6
53.4
40.8
30.1
50.2
24.0
25.3
40.9
58.9
44.6
77.2
52.4
52.9
57.0

49.6
48.1
22.7
13.7
12.9
27.9
23.9
34.4
53.1
40.4
30.1
49.8
23.7
24.4
40.7
58.4
44.4
76.9
52.2
52.8
56.8

49.6
48.1
22.7
13.6
12.9
27.9
23.9
34.5
53.1
40.3
30.1
49.7
23.7
24.5
40.8
58.4
44.4
76.8
52.2
52.7
56.9

49.5
48.1
22.6
13.6
12.9
27.8
23.7
34.5
53.1
40.3
30.1
49.7
23.8
24.5
40.7
58.4
44.4
76.8
52.2
52.8
56.9

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing....... . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................... .
Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................. .
Wholesale trade................................................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing................................................ .
Utilities.............................................................................. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

88,331
12,791
509
4,210
8,072
4,815
3,257
75,540
20,851
4,383.0
12,413.2
3,610.0
445.1
2,177
5,912
13,595
17,076
11,465
4,464

89,281
12,897
557
4,178
8,162
4,929
3,233
76,384
20,964
4,409.8
12,470.9
3,644.9
438.5
2,159
5,831
13,957
17,374
11,548
4,551

89,504
12,939
569
4,185
8,185
4,948
3,237
76,565
20,977
4,423.2
12,467.6
3,646.9
438.8
2,154
5,835
14,032
17,407
11,605
4,555

89,730
12,975
579
4,182
8,214
4,967
3,247
76,755
21,041
4,429.8
12,517.3
3,653.5
440.7
2,158
5,834
14,076
17,447
11,643
4,556

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information......................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services..................................................................... .

33.4
40.5
44.7
38.8
41.2
41.4
40.9
32.2
33.2
37.9
30.1
37.1
41.8
36.4
36.2
35.0
32.2
24.9
30.7

33.6
40.7
45.9
38.7
41.3
41.7
40.8
32.4
33.6
38.4
30.3
38.0
42.3
36.4
36.3
35.2
32.2
24.8
30.8

33.6
40.8
46.2
38.6
41.5
41.9
40.8
32.4
33.7
38.4
30.4
38.1
42.8
36.3
36.3
35.1
32.2
24.9
30.8

33.6
40.9
47.5
38.8
41.4
41.8
40.9
32.4
33.7
38.4
30.5
38.0
43.0
36.4
36.3
35.2
32.3
24.9
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing........................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

3.8
3.8
3.9

4.2
4.3
4.0

4.3
4.4
4.1

4.2
4.2
4.2

Industry

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$18.98
20.18
23.79
23.07
18.51
19.70
16.74
18.73
16.78
21.45
13.20
19.14
29.83
25.63
21.43
22.69
19.98
11.32
17.01

$19.32
20.57
24.18
23.51
18.89
20.12
16.98
19.05
17.05
21.86
13.39
19.36
30.33
26.35
21.62
23.03
20.49
11.36
17.24

$19.32
20.58
24.27
23.50
18.90
20.11
17.01
19.05
17.08
21.84
13.42
19.31
31.38
26.27
21.71
23.04
20.46
11.38
17.17

$19.37
20.60
24.06
23.58
18.90
20.14
16.95
19.11
17.13
21.91
13.44
19.42
31.65
26.45
21.77
23.10
20.50
11.39
17.24

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

$ 633.93 $ 649.15 $ 649.15 $ 650.83
817.29
837.20
839.66
842.54
1,063.41 1,109.86 1,121.27 1,142.85
895.12
909.84
907.10
914.90
762.61
780.16
784.35
782.46
815.58
839.00
842.61
841.85
684.67
692.78
694.01
693.26
603.11
617.22
617.22
619.16
557.10
572.88
575.60
577.28
812.96
839.42
838.66
841.34
397.32
405.72
407.97
409.92
710.09
735.68
735.71
737.96
1,246.89 1,282.96 1,343.06 1,360.95
932.93
959.14
953.60
962.78
775.77
784.81
788.07
790.25
794.15
810.66
808.70
813.12
643.36
659.78
658.81
662.15
281.87
281.73
283.36
283.61
522.21
530.99
528.84
530.99

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2011 Apr.
2011p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98.6
79.2
120.9
81.8
76.3
74.9
78.5
104.0
96.5
97.8
94.6
100.8
95.2
90.5
102.4
106.6
118.6
104.6
96.1

100.2
80.2
135.9
81.0
77.4
77.2
77.7
105.8
98.2
99.7
95.6
104.3
94.9
89.7
101.3
110.1
120.7
105.0
98.3

100.5
80.7
139.7
80.9
78.0
77.9
77.8
106.1
98.6
100.0
95.9
104.6
96.1
89.3
101.4
110.4
120.9
105.9
98.4

100.7
81.1
146.2
81.2
78.0
78.0
78.2
106.3
98.9
100.2
96.6
104.5
96.9
89.7
101.3
111.0
121.6
106.3
98.4

0.2
0.5
4.7
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.7
-0.1
0.8
0.4
-0.1
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.0

Apr.
2010

Feb.
2011

Mar.
2011p

Apr.
2011p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2011 Apr.
2011p

125.0
97.8
167.3
101.9
92.4
92.1
92.8
133.6
115.5
123.6
107.0
122.4
118.5
114.8
135.7
144.0
155.8
134.5
119.2

129.4
101.0
191.1
102.8
95.6
97.0
93.3
138.2
119.4
128.4
109.8
128.0
120.1
117.0
135.4
150.9
162.6
135.4
123.5

129.7
101.7
197.2
102.6
96.4
97.8
93.5
138.5
120.1
128.7
110.4
128.1
125.8
116.1
136.1
151.3
162.6
136.9
123.1

130.4
102.3
204.5
103.4
96.5
98.1
93.7
139.3
120.8
129.3
111.3
128.7
128.0
117.4
136.4
152.6
163.8
137.4
123.7

0.5
0.6
3.7
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.8
0.5
1.7
1.1
0.2
0.9
0.7
0.4
0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary