Full text of The Employment Situation : April 2010

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 7, 2010

USDL-10-0589

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION – APRIL 2010
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 290,000 in April, the unemployment rate edged up to 9.9 percent, and the labor force increased sharply, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains
occurred in manufacturing, professional and business services, health care, and leisure and hospitality.
Federal government employment also rose, reflecting continued hiring of temporary workers for Census
2010.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
April 2008 – April 2010

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted, April 2008 – April 2010

Percent

Thousands

11.0

600

10.0

400

9.0

200

8.0

0

7.0

-200

6.0

-400

5.0

-600
-800

4.0
A pr-08

Jul-08

Oct-08 Jan-09 A pr-09

Jul-09

Oct-09 Jan-10

A pr-10

A pr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 A pr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 A pr-10

Household Survey Data
In April, the number of unemployed persons was 15.3 million, and the unemployment rate edged up
to 9.9 percent. The rate had been 9.7 percent for the first 3 months of this year. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for whites (9.0 percent) edged up in April,
while the rates for adult men (10.1 percent), adult women (8.2 percent), teenagers (25.4 percent), blacks
(16.5 percent), and Hispanics (12.5 percent) showed little or no change. The jobless rate for Asians was
6.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) continued to trend up over
the month, reaching 6.7 million. In April, 45.9 percent of unemployed persons had been jobless for 27
weeks or more. (See table A-12.)
Among the unemployed, the number of reentrants to the labor force rose by 195,000 over the month.
(See table A-11.)
In April, the civilian labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point to 65.2 percent,
as the size of the labor force rose by 805,000. Since December, the participation rate has increased by
0.6 percentage point. The employment-population ratio rose to 58.8 percent over the month and has
increased by 0.6 percentage point since December. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was about unchanged at 9.2 million in April. These individuals were working
part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See
table A-8.)
About 2.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in April, compared with 2.1
million a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor
force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 1.2 million discouraged workers in April, up by 457,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2 million
persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
In April, nonfarm payroll employment rose by 290,000. Sizable employment gains occurred in manufacturing, professional and business services, health care, and in leisure and hospitality. Federal government employment increased due to the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2010. Since December,
nonfarm payroll employment has expanded by 573,000, with 483,000 jobs added in the private sector.
The vast majority of job growth occurred during the last 2 months. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing added 44,000 jobs in April. Since December, factory employment has risen by 101,000.
Over the month, gains occurred in several durable goods industries, including fabricated metals (9,000)
and machinery (7,000). Employment also grew in nondurable goods manufacturing (14,000).
Mining added 7,000 jobs in April, with most of the increase in support activities for mining. Since last
October, mining has added 39,000 jobs.
In April, construction employment edged up (14,000), following an increase of 26,000 in March. Over
the month, nonresidential building and heavy construction added 9,000 jobs each.

-2-

Employment in professional and business services rose by 80,000 in April. Temporary help services
continued to add jobs (26,000); employment in this industry has increased by 330,000 since September
2009. Employment also rose over the month in services to buildings and dwellings (23,000) and in
computer systems design (7,000).
In April, health care employment grew by 20,000, including a gain of 6,000 in hospitals. Over the past
year, health care employment has increased by 244,000.
Employment rose by 45,000 in leisure and hospitality over the month. Much of this increase occurred
in accommodation and food services, which added 29,000 jobs. Food services employment has risen by
84,000 over the past 4 months, while accommodation has added 18,000 jobs over the past 3 months.
Federal government employment was up in April, reflecting the hiring of 66,000 temporary workers
for the decennial census.
Over the month, employment changed little in wholesale trade, retail trade, information, and
financial activities.
Employment in transportation and warehousing fell by 20,000 in April, reflecting a large decline in
courier and messenger services.
In April, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to
34.1 hours. The manufacturing workweek for all employees increased by 0.2 hour for the second straight
month to 40.1 hours, and factory overtime was up by 0.1 hour over the month. The average workweek
for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to
33.4 hours in April. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
Average hourly earnings of all employees in the private nonfarm sector increased by 1 cent to $22.47
in April. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 1.6 percent. In April,
average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 5
cents to $18.96. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from -14,000 to +39,000, and
the change for March was revised from 162,000 to 230,000.
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 4, 2010,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Change from:
Mar. 2010Apr. 2010

Apr.
2010

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed................................................................... .
Employment-population ratio.......................................... .
Unemployed................................................................ .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

235,271
154,718
65.8
140,902
59.9
13,816
8.9
80,554

236,998
153,512
64.8
138,641
58.5
14,871
9.7
83,487

237,159
153,910
64.9
138,905
58.6
15,005
9.7
83,249

237,329
154,715
65.2
139,455
58.8
15,260
9.9
82,614

170
805
0.3
550
0.2
255
0.2
-635

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over)............................................. .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)............................................ .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ .

8.9
9.4
7.2
21.8
8.1
15.0
6.6
11.4

9.7
10.0
8.0
25.0
8.8
15.8
8.4
12.4

9.7
10.0
8.0
26.1
8.8
16.5
7.5
12.6

9.9
10.1
8.2
25.4
9.0
16.5
6.8
12.5

0.2
0.1
0.2
-0.7
0.2
0.0
–
-0.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7.6
14.9
9.4
7.5
4.4

8.3
15.6
10.5
8.0
5.0

8.3
14.5
10.8
8.2
4.9

8.3
14.7
10.6
8.3
4.9

0.0
0.2
-0.2
0.1
0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .
Reentrants....................................................................... .
New entrants.................................................................... .

8,867
887
3,127
919

9,550
866
3,451
1,238

9,354
894
3,544
1,197

9,246
938
3,739
1,231

-108
44
195
34

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks................................................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,284
3,962
2,571
3,725

2,748
3,412
2,696
6,133

2,646
3,228
2,436
6,547

2,682
2,991
2,253
6,716

36
-237
-183
169

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions......................................... .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,888
6,699
1,819
18,976

8,791
6,185
2,212
18,360

9,054
6,177
2,388
18,379

9,152
6,268
2,489
18,140

98
91
101
-239

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,089
740

2,527
1,204

2,255
994

2,432
1,197

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not
necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-528
-649
-277
-14
-114
-149
-130
-23.9
-19
-372
-30.2
-42.8
-47.8
-24
-47
-138
-65.9
4
9.1
-34
-11
121

39
62
-28
7
-51
16
9
-9.1
7
90
3.2
7.1
-9.0
-6
-7
56
35.9
30
21.0
23
-7
-23

230
174
55
10
26
19
23
3.0
-4
119
9.5
15.1
7.9
-12
-20
13
32.4
54
42.4
41
10
56

290
231
65
7
14
44
30
4.4
14
166
4.0
12.4
-19.5
-3
3
80
26.2
35
26.4
45
9
59

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49.8
48.3
82.4

49.9
48.4
82.4

49.8
48.4
82.4

49.8
48.3
82.5

Category

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.9
$ 22.11
$ 749.53
92.5
-0.9
97.5
-0.7

33.9
$ 22.48
$762.07
91.1
-0.2
97.6
-0.1

34.0
$ 22.46
$763.64
91.5
0.4
98.0
0.4

34.1
$ 22.47
$766.23
91.9
0.4
98.5
0.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.1
$ 18.53
$ 613.34
99.2
-0.6
122.8
-0.6

33.2
$ 18.92
$628.14
98.0
-0.2
123.9
-0.2

33.3
$ 18.91
$629.70
98.5
0.5
124.4
0.4

33.4
$ 18.96
$633.26
99.0
0.5
125.5
0.9

57.4
67.1

57.8
56.7

64.3
65.9

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20.6
16.5

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing
industries.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment
and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller
margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its
much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically
significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the
household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the
establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household
survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it
is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not
collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify
the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born.
Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records.
The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.
Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with
fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the
total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled
to achieve that goal.
Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment
change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that
forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the
net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not

immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth
of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new
businesses to the survey twice a year.
Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance
benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who
are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed.
(People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement
or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including
those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In
addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment Situation news release.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey)
and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment
that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD
DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. The sample includes about
140,000 businesses and government agencies representing
approximately 410,000 worksites and is drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment insurance
tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the
calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between
surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or
unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment
rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor
force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population.
Additional information about the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are
produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2007
version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between
the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:


The household survey includes agricultural
workers, the self-employed, unpaid family
workers, and private household workers among the
employed. These groups are excluded from the
establishment survey.



The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.



The household survey is limited to workers 16
years of age and older. The establishment survey is
not limited by age.



The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large
number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely
to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative
to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of
economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the
establishment survey, payroll employment in education
declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term
and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because
seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of
the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more
discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a
more useful tool with which to analyze changes in monthto-month economic activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most
major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted
component series. For example, total unemployment is
derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment
estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the
total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more
detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling

error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the "true" population values they represent. The
exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the
particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the
establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus
100,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90percent confidence interval on the monthly change would
range from -50,000 to +150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by
these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within
this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however,
the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then
all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval
would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least
a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact,
risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5
percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly
change in unemployment as measured by the household
survey is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in
the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time,
such as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all
respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information on a timely
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in
the collection or processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates
for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete
returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive
revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered
final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to

account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from samplebased estimation in order to offset the missing employment
gains from business births. This is incorporated into the
sample-based estimation procedure by simply not reflecting
sample units going out of business, but imputing to them
the same employment trend as the other firms in the
sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net
birth/death employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series
model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death
employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA
model was derived from the unemployment insurance
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough
proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over
the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total
nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a
range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

235,271
153,834
65.4
140,586
59.8
13,248
8.6
81,437
5,868

237,159
153,660
64.8
137,983
58.2
15,678
10.2
83,499
5,719

237,329
153,911
64.9
139,302
58.7
14,609
9.5
83,418
5,865

235,271
154,718
65.8
140,902
59.9
13,816
8.9
80,554
5,928

236,924
153,059
64.6
137,792
58.2
15,267
10.0
83,865
6,306

236,832
153,170
64.7
138,333
58.4
14,837
9.7
83,663
5,965

236,998
153,512
64.8
138,641
58.5
14,871
9.7
83,487
6,170

237,159
153,910
64.9
138,905
58.6
15,005
9.7
83,249
6,044

237,329
154,715
65.2
139,455
58.8
15,260
9.9
82,614
5,951

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113,857
81,878
71.9
73,771
64.8
8,107
9.9
31,979

114,821
81,949
71.4
72,253
62.9
9,696
11.8
32,872

114,910
82,014
71.4
73,315
63.8
8,699
10.6
32,897

113,857
82,403
72.4
74,107
65.1
8,295
10.1
31,454

114,728
81,454
71.0
72,499
63.2
8,955
11.0
33,274

114,648
81,290
70.9
72,516
63.3
8,774
10.8
33,358

114,735
81,496
71.0
72,813
63.5
8,683
10.7
33,239

114,821
81,895
71.3
73,092
63.7
8,803
10.7
32,926

114,910
82,453
71.8
73,548
64.0
8,905
10.8
32,457

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105,196
78,811
74.9
71,468
67.9
7,343
9.3
26,386

106,198
79,059
74.4
70,238
66.1
8,821
11.2
27,139

106,301
79,122
74.4
71,226
67.0
7,895
10.0
27,179

105,196
79,106
75.2
71,665
68.1
7,441
9.4
26,091

106,125
78,402
73.9
70,391
66.3
8,011
10.2
27,723

105,998
78,225
73.8
70,390
66.4
7,835
10.0
27,774

106,100
78,471
74.0
70,623
66.6
7,848
10.0
27,628

106,198
78,796
74.2
70,913
66.8
7,882
10.0
27,403

106,301
79,356
74.7
71,358
67.1
7,998
10.1
26,945

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121,415
71,956
59.3
66,815
55.0
5,141
7.1
49,458

122,339
71,712
58.6
65,730
53.7
5,982
8.3
50,627

122,419
71,898
58.7
65,988
53.9
5,910
8.2
50,521

121,415
72,315
59.6
66,794
55.0
5,521
7.6
49,100

122,197
71,605
58.6
65,293
53.4
6,312
8.8
50,591

122,185
71,880
58.8
65,817
53.9
6,064
8.4
50,305

122,263
72,015
58.9
65,828
53.8
6,187
8.6
50,247

122,339
72,015
58.9
65,813
53.8
6,203
8.6
50,323

122,419
72,262
59.0
65,907
53.8
6,355
8.8
50,157

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112,999
68,957
61.0
64,318
56.9
4,639
6.7
44,041

113,974
68,967
60.5
63,537
55.7
5,430
7.9
45,007

114,066
69,101
60.6
63,746
55.9
5,355
7.7
44,965

112,999
69,105
61.2
64,147
56.8
4,957
7.2
43,894

113,832
68,620
60.3
62,998
55.3
5,622
8.2
45,212

113,796
68,949
60.6
63,527
55.8
5,422
7.9
44,848

113,886
69,069
60.6
63,538
55.8
5,531
8.0
44,818

113,974
69,027
60.6
63,495
55.7
5,532
8.0
44,947

114,066
69,265
60.7
63,552
55.7
5,712
8.2
44,801

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,076
6,066
35.5
4,799
28.1
1,267
20.9
11,010

16,987
5,635
33.2
4,207
24.8
1,427
25.3
11,352

16,962
5,689
33.5
4,330
25.5
1,358
23.9
11,273

17,076
6,507
38.1
5,089
29.8
1,418
21.8
10,569

16,967
6,037
35.6
4,403
25.9
1,634
27.1
10,930

17,038
5,996
35.2
4,416
25.9
1,580
26.4
11,041

17,012
5,972
35.1
4,480
26.3
1,491
25.0
11,041

16,987
6,087
35.8
4,496
26.5
1,591
26.1
10,899

16,962
6,094
35.9
4,544
26.8
1,550
25.4
10,867

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

190,552
125,316
65.8
115,587
60.7
9,729
7.8
65,235

191,648
124,950
65.2
113,339
59.1
11,611
9.3
66,698

191,749
125,062
65.2
114,302
59.6
10,760
8.6
66,687

190,552
126,108
66.2
115,896
60.8
10,213
8.1
64,443

191,628
124,605
65.0
113,339
59.1
11,266
9.0
67,024

191,454
124,579
65.1
113,797
59.4
10,782
8.7
66,875

191,552
124,847
65.2
113,865
59.4
10,982
8.8
66,705

191,648
125,054
65.3
114,108
59.5
10,945
8.8
66,594

191,749
125,779
65.6
114,484
59.7
11,295
9.0
65,970

65,298
75.4
59,847
69.1
5,451
8.3

65,277
74.8
58,701
67.3
6,576
10.1

65,392
74.9
59,460
68.1
5,932
9.1

65,531
75.7
59,948
69.2
5,582
8.5

64,804
74.3
58,782
67.4
6,022
9.3

64,682
74.3
58,813
67.5
5,869
9.1

64,889
74.4
59,021
67.7
5,868
9.0

64,973
74.5
59,208
67.9
5,765
8.9

65,556
75.1
59,504
68.2
6,052
9.2

55,033
60.5
51,692
56.9
3,341
6.1

55,033
60.2
51,079
55.9
3,954
7.2

54,971
60.1
51,174
55.9
3,797
6.9

55,203
60.7
51,648
56.8
3,556
6.4

54,822
60.0
50,753
55.5
4,069
7.4

55,017
60.2
51,248
56.1
3,769
6.8

55,061
60.2
51,048
55.8
4,014
7.3

55,104
60.3
51,103
55.9
4,000
7.3

55,184
60.3
51,123
55.9
4,061
7.4

4,986
38.2
4,049
31.0
937
18.8

4,640
35.8
3,559
27.5
1,081
23.3

4,699
36.3
3,668
28.3
1,031
21.9

5,374
41.1
4,300
32.9
1,075
20.0

4,978
38.4
3,804
29.3
1,174
23.6

4,880
37.5
3,736
28.7
1,145
23.5

4,897
37.7
3,797
29.2
1,100
22.5

4,977
38.4
3,797
29.3
1,180
23.7

5,040
38.9
3,857
29.8
1,183
23.5

28,153
17,670
62.8
15,119
53.7
2,551
14.4
10,483

28,591
17,795
62.2
14,837
51.9
2,957
16.6
10,796

28,624
17,868
62.4
15,020
52.5
2,848
15.9
10,756

28,153
17,795
63.2
15,119
53.7
2,676
15.0
10,358

28,437
17,600
61.9
14,758
51.9
2,843
16.2
10,837

28,526
17,749
62.2
14,820
52.0
2,929
16.5
10,777

28,559
17,748
62.1
14,936
52.3
2,812
15.8
10,811

28,591
17,871
62.5
14,920
52.2
2,951
16.5
10,720

28,624
17,951
62.7
14,985
52.4
2,966
16.5
10,673

7,932
70.0
6,567
58.0
1,365
17.2

8,124
70.3
6,479
56.1
1,645
20.2

8,081
69.8
6,635
57.3
1,446
17.9

7,989
70.5
6,613
58.4
1,376
17.2

7,907
68.8
6,591
57.4
1,316
16.6

7,970
69.2
6,566
57.0
1,405
17.6

7,985
69.2
6,561
56.9
1,424
17.8

8,134
70.4
6,592
57.0
1,542
19.0

8,130
70.2
6,668
57.6
1,462
18.0

9,023
63.9
8,076
57.2
947
10.5

9,004
62.7
7,954
55.4
1,050
11.7

9,151
63.7
7,971
55.4
1,181
12.9

9,042
64.0
8,010
56.7
1,031
11.4

8,959
62.7
7,788
54.5
1,171
13.1

9,034
63.1
7,836
54.7
1,198
13.3

9,074
63.3
7,975
55.6
1,099
12.1

9,021
62.8
7,907
55.1
1,115
12.4

9,146
63.6
7,894
54.9
1,252
13.7

714
26.5
475
17.7
239
33.5

666
24.9
404
15.1
262
39.3

635
23.8
414
15.5
221
34.8

765
28.4
496
18.4
268
35.1

734
27.5
379
14.2
356
48.4

745
27.7
418
15.6
326
43.8

689
25.7
399
14.9
290
42.0

716
26.7
421
15.7
294
41.1

675
25.3
423
15.8
252
37.3

10,788

11,089

11,138

–

–

–

–

–

–

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2009
7,128
66.1
6,659
61.7
469
6.6
3,660

Mar.
2010
7,174
64.7
6,633
59.8
541
7.5
3,915

Apr.
2010
7,300
65.5
6,806
61.1
494
6.8
3,838

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Jan.
2010
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Feb.
2010
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Mar.
2010
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Apr.
2010
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

32,671
22,317
68.3
19,895
60.9
2,422
10.9
10,354

33,414
22,656
67.8
19,650
58.8
3,006
13.3
10,758

33,498
22,554
67.3
19,872
59.3
2,682
11.9
10,944

32,671
22,403
68.6
19,855
60.8
2,548
11.4
10,268

33,379
22,404
67.1
19,513
58.5
2,891
12.9
10,976

33,251
22,578
67.9
19,730
59.3
2,848
12.6
10,674

33,335
22,648
67.9
19,848
59.5
2,800
12.4
10,687

33,414
22,707
68.0
19,848
59.4
2,859
12.6
10,706

33,498
22,684
67.7
19,850
59.3
2,834
12.5
10,814

12,698
83.6
11,407
75.1
1,291
10.2

12,857
82.7
11,211
72.1
1,647
12.8

12,838
82.4
11,405
73.2
1,433
11.2

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

8,601
59.9
7,740
53.9
860
10.0

8,763
59.9
7,716
52.7
1,047
12.0

8,754
59.6
7,786
53.0
969
11.1

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

1,018
32.8
748
24.1
270
26.5

1,035
32.0
724
22.4
311
30.1

961
29.7
681
21.0
280
29.2

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release
of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

12,180
46.2
10,399
39.5
1,781
14.6

11,803
46.2
9,889
38.7
1,914
16.2

12,225
46.8
10,447
40.0
1,778
14.5

12,078
45.9
10,282
39.0
1,796
14.9

11,977
45.6
10,144
38.6
1,833
15.3

11,835
45.4
10,033
38.5
1,802
15.2

11,518
46.2
9,722
39.0
1,795
15.6

11,775
46.1
10,067
39.4
1,708
14.5

12,122
46.4
10,335
39.5
1,787
14.7

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

38,300
62.4
34,733
56.6
3,568
9.3

39,202
62.6
34,527
55.1
4,674
11.9

38,779
62.3
34,723
55.8
4,056
10.5

38,528
62.7
34,913
56.8
3,614
9.4

37,607
61.4
33,649
55.0
3,958
10.5

37,738
61.1
33,920
54.9
3,818
10.1

38,801
61.9
34,737
55.4
4,064
10.5

38,855
62.0
34,654
55.3
4,201
10.8

38,849
62.4
34,728
55.8
4,120
10.6

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

36,917
71.6
34,169
66.3
2,748
7.4

36,579
70.8
33,410
64.7
3,170
8.7

36,547
70.8
33,590
65.1
2,957
8.1

36,927
71.7
34,153
66.3
2,774
7.5

36,892
70.6
33,560
64.2
3,332
9.0

36,761
71.5
33,629
65.4
3,132
8.5

36,575
70.2
33,660
64.6
2,915
8.0

36,582
70.8
33,586
65.0
2,996
8.2

36,552
70.8
33,535
65.0
3,017
8.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................... .
Employed................ . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed........................................ .
Unemployment rate............................. .

45,377
77.6
43,547
74.5
1,831
4.0

45,742
77.1
43,570
73.4
2,172
4.7

45,794
77.2
43,778
73.8
2,015
4.4

45,396
77.7
43,387
74.2
2,010
4.4

45,994
77.3
43,707
73.4
2,288
5.0

45,939
77.0
43,704
73.3
2,235
4.9

45,694
77.0
43,418
73.1
2,276
5.0

45,800
77.2
43,549
73.4
2,251
4.9

45,879
77.3
43,642
73.5
2,237
4.9

1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Apr.
2009

Men
Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Women
Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,261
12,073
54.2
11,050
49.6
1,023
8.5
10,188

22,093
11,742
53.1
10,679
48.3
1,064
9.1
10,351

20,509
10,960
53.4
10,037
48.9
923
8.4
9,549

20,310
10,632
52.4
9,669
47.6
964
9.1
9,678

1,752
1,113
63.5
1,013
57.8
100
9.0
639

1,783
1,110
62.2
1,010
56.6
100
9.0
673

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,902
1,552
81.6
1,392
73.2
160
10.3
350

2,101
1,694
80.6
1,472
70.0
223
13.1
407

1,588
1,333
83.9
1,196
75.3
137
10.3
255

1,748
1,441
82.4
1,249
71.4
192
13.3
308

314
220
69.9
197
62.6
23
10.4
95

353
254
71.9
223
63.2
31
12.0
99

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,863
2,508
87.6
2,265
79.1
243
9.7
355

2,989
2,610
87.3
2,397
80.2
213
8.1
380

2,435
2,162
88.8
1,952
80.1
210
9.7
273

2,500
2,226
89.0
2,047
81.9
179
8.1
274

428
346
80.8
313
73.2
33
9.5
82

489
383
78.4
350
71.6
33
8.7
106

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,499
4,418
38.4
4,108
35.7
310
7.0
7,082

11,103
4,019
36.2
3,726
33.6
293
7.3
7,083

11,114
4,287
38.6
3,980
35.8
306
7.1
6,827

10,725
3,904
36.4
3,614
33.7
289
7.4
6,822

385
131
34.0
127
33.0
4
2.9
254

377
116
30.7
112
29.6
4
3.4
262

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,997
3,595
60.0
3,286
54.8
309
8.6
2,401

5,900
3,419
58.0
3,084
52.3
335
9.8
2,481

5,372
3,178
59.2
2,909
54.2
269
8.5
2,194

5,336
3,062
57.4
2,759
51.7
303
9.9
2,274

625
417
66.7
376
60.2
41
9.7
208

564
357
63.3
325
57.6
32
9.0
207

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

203,975
139,733
68.5
127,950
62.7
11,783
8.4
64,242

206,378
140,337
68.0
127,291
61.7
13,046
9.3
66,041

88,789
69,930
78.8
62,987
70.9
6,944
9.9
18,858

90,114
70,471
78.2
63,007
69.9
7,463
10.6
19,644

115,186
69,803
60.6
64,964
56.4
4,839
6.9
45,383

116,264
69,867
60.1
64,284
55.3
5,583
8.0
46,397

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S.
Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August
2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time
periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and
another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

Persons with no disability
Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population...................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

27,093
6,179
22.8
5,381
19.9
798
12.9
20,913

26,590
5,897
22.2
4,999
18.8
897
15.2
20,693

208,179
147,654
70.9
135,204
64.9
12,450
8.4
60,524

210,739
148,015
70.2
134,303
63.7
13,712
9.3
62,725

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,757
38.0
2,362
32.6
396
14.3
4,492

2,731
37.8
2,258
31.2
473
17.3
4,496

75,625
83.8
68,140
75.5
7,485
9.9
14,633

75,654
83.2
67,665
74.4
7,989
10.6
15,316

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

2,592
33.8
2,233
29.1
359
13.9
5,084

2,393
31.4
2,035
26.7
358
14.9
5,227

66,454
72.1
61,817
67.0
4,637
7.0
25,772

66,545
71.6
61,148
65.8
5,397
8.1
26,395

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed.......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate............................................................... .
Not in labor force....................................................................... .

830
6.8
786
6.5
44
5.2
11,337

773
6.6
707
6.0
67
8.6
10,970

5,575
21.7
5,248
20.4
328
5.9
20,119

5,816
21.7
5,490
20.5
326
5.6
21,014

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing
even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition;
has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or
shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Apr.
2009

Men
Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Women
Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,039
23,782
67.9
21,750
62.1
2,032
8.5
11,257

34,996
23,916
68.3
21,816
62.3
2,100
8.8
11,080

17,485
14,206
81.2
12,975
74.2
1,231
8.7
3,280

17,581
14,179
80.7
12,940
73.6
1,239
8.7
3,402

17,554
9,576
54.6
8,775
50.0
801
8.4
7,978

17,415
9,737
55.9
8,876
51.0
861
8.8
7,678

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

200,232
130,052
65.0
118,835
59.3
11,216
8.6
70,180

202,333
129,995
64.2
117,486
58.1
12,509
9.6
72,337

96,371
67,672
70.2
60,796
63.1
6,876
10.2
28,699

97,329
67,834
69.7
60,374
62.0
7,460
11.0
29,495

103,861
62,380
60.1
58,039
55.9
4,340
7.0
41,481

105,003
62,161
59.2
57,112
54.4
5,049
8.1
42,843

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or
one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private households........................... .
Other industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries
Part time for economic reasons2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

2,087
1,164
894
29
138,498
129,381
21,548
107,832
716
107,116
9,063
54

2,103
1,242
835
26
135,880
127,009
21,472
105,537
733
104,804
8,797
74

2,210
1,343
837
30
137,092
128,031
21,844
106,187
711
105,476
8,948
114

2,143
1,217
883
–
138,762
129,672
21,196
108,469
–
107,742
9,034
–

2,056
1,308
755
–
135,717
126,539
21,110
105,428
–
104,666
9,135
–

2,115
1,342
781
–
136,276
127,269
21,227
106,031
–
105,329
9,007
–

2,313
1,362
908
–
136,398
127,261
21,292
105,942
–
105,243
9,029
–

2,217
1,374
851
–
136,715
127,712
21,281
106,447
–
105,682
8,949
–

2,254
1,397
823
–
137,199
128,183
21,440
106,706
–
105,977
8,910
–

8,648
6,533
1,852
19,644

9,343
6,443
2,611
18,739

8,921
6,113
2,571
18,853

8,888
6,699
1,819
18,976

9,165
6,453
2,346
18,364

8,316
5,873
2,295
18,563

8,791
6,185
2,212
18,360

9,054
6,177
2,388
18,379

9,152
6,268
2,489
18,140

8,556
6,462
1,842
19,282

9,210
6,343
2,606
18,430

8,830
6,063
2,558
18,506

8,795
6,634
1,826
18,595

9,055
6,378
2,349
18,056

8,193
5,792
2,288
18,218

8,651
6,079
2,199
18,043

8,946
6,099
2,406
18,066

9,049
6,213
2,486
17,798

1 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the
entire week.
2 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions,
inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
3 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training,
retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during
the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

140,586
4,799
1,585
3,214
135,786
12,939
122,847
95,761
30,092
31,811
33,859
27,086

137,983
4,207
1,243
2,964
133,775
12,380
121,396
93,620
29,860
30,623
33,137
27,776

139,302
4,330
1,333
2,998
134,972
12,434
122,539
94,543
30,221
30,912
33,410
27,995

140,902
5,089
1,735
3,340
135,813
13,043
122,761
95,756
30,111
31,793
33,851
27,006

137,792
4,403
1,425
2,987
133,389
12,389
121,012
93,791
29,794
30,744
33,254
27,221

138,333
4,416
1,484
2,938
133,916
12,435
121,404
94,004
30,022
30,683
33,299
27,399

138,641
4,480
1,456
3,043
134,161
12,539
121,471
94,001
30,123
30,560
33,318
27,470

138,905
4,496
1,402
3,093
134,409
12,601
121,731
94,053
30,080
30,730
33,244
27,678

139,455
4,544
1,453
3,073
134,911
12,509
122,352
94,487
30,208
30,874
33,405
27,865

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73,771
2,303
747
1,555
71,468
6,612
64,856
50,700
16,122
17,024
17,555
14,156

72,253
2,014
602
1,412
70,238
6,248
63,990
49,510
15,999
16,475
17,036
14,481

73,315
2,088
638
1,450
71,226
6,319
64,907
50,285
16,299
16,650
17,336
14,623

74,107
2,442
820
1,633
71,665
6,683
64,947
50,801
16,201
17,042
17,559
14,146

72,499
2,108
672
1,434
70,391
6,234
64,166
49,921
16,118
16,629
17,174
14,245

72,516
2,126
706
1,415
70,390
6,211
64,091
49,807
16,148
16,479
17,180
14,284

72,813
2,190
686
1,496
70,623
6,282
64,267
49,868
16,281
16,404
17,183
14,399

73,092
2,179
689
1,492
70,913
6,410
64,503
50,003
16,261
16,593
17,149
14,500

73,548
2,189
698
1,500
71,358
6,357
64,945
50,363
16,370
16,661
17,332
14,582

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

66,815
2,497
838
1,659
64,318
6,327
57,991
45,061
13,970
14,787
16,304
12,930

65,730
2,193
640
1,552
63,537
6,132
57,405
44,110
13,861
14,148
16,101
13,295

65,988
2,242
694
1,548
63,746
6,115
57,631
44,259
13,922
14,263
16,074
13,373

66,794
2,647
914
1,706
64,147
6,361
57,814
44,955
13,911
14,751
16,292
12,860

65,293
2,294
753
1,553
62,998
6,155
56,846
43,870
13,676
14,115
16,080
12,976

65,817
2,290
777
1,523
63,527
6,224
57,313
44,197
13,874
14,203
16,119
13,116

65,828
2,290
770
1,546
63,538
6,258
57,204
44,134
13,843
14,156
16,135
13,071

65,813
2,317
713
1,601
63,495
6,191
57,229
44,050
13,819
14,137
16,094
13,179

65,907
2,355
755
1,573
63,552
6,152
57,407
44,124
13,837
14,213
16,073
13,283

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44,470
35,668
8,951

42,954
34,900
8,688

43,256
34,812
8,907

44,424
35,438
–

43,312
35,004
–

43,126
35,073
–

43,168
35,248
–

43,083
34,887
–

43,205
34,643
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112,746
27,840

109,877
28,106

111,391
27,912

113,630
27,115

110,254
27,466

110,497
27,718

110,840
27,596

111,256
27,549

112,091
27,167

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,781
5.5

7,063
5.1

7,105
5.1

7,731
5.5

6,910
5.0

6,961
5.0

7,060
5.1

6,959
5.0

7,029
5.0

1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
2 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated
population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

13,816
1,418
529
926
12,398
2,225
10,116
8,251
3,257
2,606
2,387
1,861

15,005
1,591
589
1,000
13,414
2,367
11,043
9,029
3,338
2,886
2,805
2,039

15,260
1,550
599
975
13,710
2,605
11,048
8,950
3,436
2,730
2,784
2,091

8.9
21.8
23.4
21.7
8.4
14.6
7.6
7.9
9.8
7.6
6.6
6.4

10.0
27.1
29.9
25.8
9.3
15.6
8.5
8.9
10.2
8.8
7.9
7.2

9.7
26.4
27.9
25.4
9.0
15.8
8.2
8.6
9.9
8.5
7.6
6.8

9.7
25.0
28.2
23.7
9.1
16.0
8.3
8.6
9.8
8.8
7.4
7.1

9.7
26.1
29.6
24.4
9.1
15.8
8.3
8.8
10.0
8.6
7.8
6.9

9.9
25.4
29.2
24.1
9.2
17.2
8.3
8.7
10.2
8.1
7.7
7.0

Men, 16 years and over.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over............................ .

8,295
854
295
564
7,441
1,371
6,006
4,973
2,036
1,537
1,399
1,034

8,803
920
308
612
7,882
1,442
6,413
5,252
2,045
1,593
1,614
1,160

8,905
908
332
578
7,998
1,580
6,343
5,162
2,007
1,554
1,601
1,182

10.1
25.9
26.4
25.7
9.4
17.0
8.5
8.9
11.2
8.3
7.4
6.8

11.0
30.9
33.1
30.2
10.2
18.4
9.2
9.6
11.0
8.9
9.0
7.9

10.8
30.6
30.8
30.3
10.0
19.2
9.0
9.4
10.8
9.0
8.5
7.5

10.7
27.6
30.4
27.3
10.0
18.7
9.1
9.5
10.8
9.4
8.2
7.8

10.7
29.7
30.9
29.1
10.0
18.4
9.0
9.5
11.2
8.8
8.6
7.4

10.8
29.3
32.2
27.8
10.1
19.9
8.9
9.3
10.9
8.5
8.5
7.5

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years................................... .
18 to 19 years................................... .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years................................... .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over1 .......................... .

5,521
563
234
362
4,957
854
4,110
3,278
1,221
1,069
988
745

6,203
671
281
388
5,532
925
4,631
3,777
1,293
1,293
1,192
841

6,355
642
268
398
5,712
1,025
4,705
3,788
1,429
1,176
1,183
815

7.6
17.6
20.4
17.5
7.2
11.8
6.6
6.8
8.1
6.8
5.7
5.4

8.8
23.1
26.8
21.3
8.2
12.5
7.6
8.1
9.2
8.6
6.6
5.8

8.4
21.9
25.0
20.1
7.9
12.2
7.3
7.7
8.8
7.9
6.7
6.1

8.6
22.3
26.2
19.9
8.0
13.1
7.4
7.7
8.6
8.0
6.5
6.5

8.6
22.4
28.3
19.5
8.0
13.0
7.5
7.9
8.6
8.4
6.9
6.0

8.8
21.4
26.2
20.2
8.2
14.3
7.6
7.9
9.4
7.6
6.9
5.7

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,005
2,063
999

3,097
2,242
1,102

3,060
2,322
1,105

6.3
5.5
10.0

7.3
5.8
13.0

6.6
5.8
12.3

6.8
6.1
11.6

6.7
6.0
11.3

6.6
6.3
11.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,088
1,739

13,079
1,977

13,354
1,894

9.6
6.0

10.9
6.0

10.4
6.4

10.5
6.2

10.5
6.7

10.6
6.5

1 Not seasonally adjusted.
2 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time
jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of
the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Permanent job losers........................... .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,687
1,586
7,101
5,853
1,248
842
2,932
788

10,311
2,015
8,296
6,837
1,459
856
3,521
991

9,110
1,296
7,814
6,521
1,293
895
3,558
1,047

8,867
1,638
7,229
5,823
1,344
887
3,127
919

9,701
1,558
8,143
6,773
1,448
932
3,334
1,270

9,323
1,454
7,869
6,424
1,445
914
3,585
1,235

9,550
1,558
7,992
6,666
1,326
866
3,451
1,238

9,354
1,595
7,758
6,393
1,366
894
3,544
1,197

9,246
1,359
7,887
6,494
1,393
938
3,739
1,231

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff........................... .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65.6
12.0
53.6
6.4
22.1
5.9

65.8
12.9
52.9
5.5
22.5
6.3

62.4
8.9
53.5
6.1
24.4
7.2

64.3
11.9
52.4
6.4
22.7
6.7

63.7
10.2
53.4
6.1
21.9
8.3

61.9
9.7
52.3
6.1
23.8
8.2

63.2
10.3
52.9
5.7
22.8
8.2

62.4
10.6
51.8
6.0
23.6
8.0

61.0
9.0
52.0
6.2
24.7
8.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers............................................ .
Reentrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New entrants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.6
0.5
1.9
0.5

6.7
0.6
2.3
0.6

5.9
0.6
2.3
0.7

5.7
0.6
2.0
0.6

6.3
0.6
2.2
0.8

6.1
0.6
2.3
0.8

6.2
0.6
2.2
0.8

6.1
0.6
2.3
0.8

6.0
0.6
2.4
0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,855
3,526
6,867
2,966
3,901

2,402
3,599
9,676
2,966
6,711

2,304
2,594
9,710
2,691
7,020

3,284
3,962
6,296
2,571
3,725

2,929
3,486
8,969
2,840
6,130

3,008
3,362
8,945
2,632
6,313

2,748
3,412
8,829
2,696
6,133

2,646
3,228
8,983
2,436
6,547

2,682
2,991
8,969
2,253
6,716

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23.4
15.4

32.1
21.6

35.8
25.8

21.8
13.1

29.1
20.5

30.2
19.9

29.7
19.4

31.2
20.0

33.0
21.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 weeks and over................................... .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21.5
26.6
51.8
22.4
29.4

15.3
23.0
61.7
18.9
42.8

15.8
17.8
66.5
18.4
48.1

24.3
29.3
46.5
19.0
27.5

19.0
22.7
58.3
18.5
39.8

19.6
22.0
58.4
17.2
41.2

18.3
22.8
58.9
18.0
40.9

17.8
21.7
60.5
16.4
44.1

18.3
20.4
61.3
15.4
45.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations................................................. .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations........................................................ .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............ .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations........................................................ .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations............. .

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

140,586
52,597

139,302
52,355

13,248
2,164

14,609
2,464

8.6
4.0

9.5
4.5

21,455
31,142
24,548
34,053
15,555
18,498

21,215
31,140
24,474
33,577
15,416
18,160

995
1,170
2,354
2,966
1,463
1,503

1,139
1,325
2,733
3,173
1,554
1,619

4.4
3.6
8.7
8.0
8.6
7.5

5.1
4.1
10.0
8.6
9.2
8.2

13,453
924
7,423
5,107

13,013
960
7,083
4,971

2,438
166
1,816
456

2,673
193
1,931
549

15.3
15.2
19.7
8.2

17.0
16.7
21.4
10.0

15,934
7,563
8,371

15,884
7,836
8,048

2,501
1,306
1,196

2,478
1,252
1,226

13.6
14.7
12.5

13.5
13.8
13.2

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1 ............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.................................... .
Construction.......................................................................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers......................... .
Government workers................................................................... .
Self-employed and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

13,248
11,222
125
1,737
1,968
1,278
690
1,833
541
320
561
1,448
964
1,322
403
176
575
488

14,609
11,967
69
1,919
1,688
1,100
588
1,967
530
302
708
1,586
1,051
1,633
515
232
769
594

8.6
9.4
16.1
18.7
12.4
12.8
11.8
9.0
9.0
10.1
6.0
10.4
4.6
10.2
6.4
13.5
2.6
4.6

9.5
10.1
9.4
21.8
11.1
11.6
10.2
9.5
9.1
9.4
7.6
11.1
5.0
12.8
8.4
15.0
3.4
5.6

1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2009

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Dec.
2009

Jan.
2010

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010

Apr.
2010

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as
a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.5

6.3

6.3

4.1

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.6

6.7

5.9

5.7

6.3

6.1

6.2

6.1

6.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8.6

10.2

9.5

8.9

10.0

9.7

9.7

9.7

9.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.0

10.8

10.2

9.4

10.5

10.3

10.4

10.3

10.6

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers,
plus all other persons marginally attached to
the labor force, as a percent of the civilian
labor force plus all persons marginally attached
to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9.8

11.5

10.9

10.1

11.4

11.2

11.1

11.1

11.3

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
persons marginally attached to the labor
force................................................. .

15.4

17.5

16.6

15.8

17.3

16.5

16.8

16.9

17.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are
available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a
job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for
full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Apr.
2009

Men
Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Women
Apr.
2010

Apr.
2009

Apr.
2010

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force............................................ .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . ............................. .
Marginally attached to the labor force1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3 . . . .

81,437
5,868
2,089
740
1,350

83,418
5,865
2,432
1,197
1,234

31,979
2,805
1,105
470
635

32,897
2,795
1,294
736
557

49,458
3,063
984
270
714

50,521
3,070
1,138
461
677

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,781
5.5
4,119
2,025
231
1,347

7,105
5.1
3,636
1,888
289
1,256

3,775
5.1
2,226
659
137
715

3,453
4.7
1,971
600
183
684

4,006
6.0
1,894
1,366
94
633

3,651
5.5
1,665
1,288
106
571

1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week,
but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling
or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation
problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

131,389
108,293
18,681

128,085
105,335
17,274

128,961
106,059
17,453

130,119
107,143
17,736

131,542
108,861
18,956

129,641
107,185
17,848

129,871
107,359
17,903

130,161
107,590
17,968

Change
from:
Mar.2010 Apr.2010p
290
231
65

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

702
45.9
656.0
159.8
211.3
83.8
284.9

676
46.2
630.2
160.6
199.7
80.6
269.9

688
45.5
642.8
161.4
204.9
81.5
276.5

699
44.7
654.4
162.0
211.0
81.4
281.4

714
50.1
664.0
162.2
214.8
84.2
287.0

691
47.2
644.1
161.5
211.2
80.7
271.4

701
47.9
652.6
162.8
213.1
81.2
276.7

708
48.5
659.4
163.9
213.4
81.4
282.1

7
0.6
6.8
1.1
0.3
0.2
5.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . .

6,014
1,359.1
634.4
724.7
841.7
3,813.4
1,607.4
2,206.0

5,150
1,187.7
549.8
637.9
686.3
3,275.5
1,437.6
1,837.9

5,279
1,213.3
557.0
656.3
721.0
3,344.6
1,448.2
1,896.4

5,488
1,239.7
562.7
677.0
789.7
3,458.4
1,501.2
1,957.2

6,179
1,400.4
659.0
741.4
866.7
3,911.9
1,646.4
2,265.5

5,585
1,255.4
586.7
668.7
793.4
3,535.7
1,552.9
1,982.8

5,611
1,267.8
586.8
681.0
802.1
3,541.0
1,542.7
1,998.3

5,625
1,273.0
582.8
690.2
811.3
3,540.3
1,535.8
2,004.5

14
5.2
-4.0
9.2
9.2
-0.7
-6.9
6.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,965

11,448

11,486

11,549

12,063

11,572

11,591

11,635

44

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products1 . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . .
Communication equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,407
364.8
402.9
368.4
1,330.9
1,046.7
1,156.6
168.7
122.2

7,007
336.9
364.0
357.1
1,263.6
975.9
1,089.3
157.4
119.5

7,042
339.3
368.8
362.4
1,272.7
979.9
1,091.4
157.9
119.1

7,086
348.3
381.6
364.7
1,278.0
984.3
1,090.2
158.0
119.1

7,450
370.5
405.1
371.7
1,339.9
1,057.5
1,160.2
169.1
122.5

7,071
348.9
383.1
358.9
1,273.3
979.8
1,091.9
158.2
118.7

7,094
350.6
381.7
363.2
1,282.3
985.7
1,092.7
158.0
119.4

7,124
353.6
382.2
367.2
1,290.9
993.1
1,092.8
158.3
119.3

30
3.0
0.5
4.0
8.6
7.4
0.1
0.3
-0.1

385.8
428.3
376.8
1,373.9
679.2
394.5
591.7

360.6
405.5
363.0
1,328.9
667.8
356.4
572.2

362.1
405.2
364.0
1,335.7
673.4
355.9
572.3

362.7
403.9
366.6
1,337.7
677.1
359.1
575.5

387.5
428.9
379.3
1,376.3
678.9
395.7
593.6

361.6
406.9
364.5
1,333.6
669.7
361.2
575.5

362.6
405.6
366.3
1,335.9
672.7
359.7
575.5

364.2
404.3
368.8
1,339.6
677.1
359.8
575.9

1.6
-1.3
2.5
3.7
4.4
0.1
0.4

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Beverages and tobacco products. . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leather and allied products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,558
1,427.0
184.1
126.5
125.5
170.6
30.4
409.0
530.6
114.8
806.9
632.8

4,441
1,421.9
177.9
122.5
120.9
166.7
28.4
396.8
496.2
108.5
783.5
617.7

4,444
1,426.9
179.0
122.7
121.0
164.6
28.5
394.0
494.2
109.8
781.6
621.9

4,463
1,429.6
180.8
123.6
121.2
164.6
27.5
397.3
494.1
114.5
780.0
630.2

4,613
1,462.6
188.6
127.7
126.4
171.8
30.2
412.1
534.6
115.9
809.3
633.9

4,501
1,455.0
184.1
123.5
122.0
167.9
28.6
398.8
499.9
113.6
785.0
622.4

4,497
1,456.8
184.9
123.0
121.7
165.6
28.4
397.3
496.6
113.5
783.3
626.3

4,511
1,462.2
185.2
123.8
121.8
165.7
27.4
399.5
497.7
115.3
782.0
630.2

14
5.4
0.3
0.8
0.1
0.1
-1.0
2.2
1.1
1.8
-1.3
3.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

89,612

88,061

88,606

89,407

89,905

89,337

89,456

89,622

166

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24,811

24,277

24,413

24,486

25,052

24,667

24,700

24,697

-3

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and brokers.. .

5,621.6
2,835.0
1,973.3
813.3

5,504.8
2,743.8
1,943.1
817.9

5,534.4
2,749.0
1,962.5
822.9

5,556.2
2,755.2
1,973.6
827.4

5,641.7
2,845.6
1,981.0
815.1

5,559.5
2,764.3
1,971.8
823.4

5,569.0
2,763.3
1,979.2
826.5

5,573.0
2,765.6
1,979.1
828.3

4.0
2.3
-0.1
1.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . .

14,395.6
1,642.8
1,022.7
447.1

14,133.6
1,593.8
1,001.6
434.6

14,215.8
1,607.6
1,008.8
433.5

14,273.9
1,625.1
1,014.1
430.9

14,592.4
1,647.2
1,027.0
455.0

14,416.2
1,622.7
1,014.0
440.6

14,431.3
1,625.0
1,016.3
441.3

14,443.7
1,628.7
1,018.0
438.6

12.4
3.7
1.7
-2.7

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Change
from:
Mar.2010 Apr.2010p

Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply stores.. .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

481.4
1,189.5
2,807.5
980.2
821.3
1,323.8

478.3
1,112.9
2,776.2
971.6
807.3
1,322.8

478.3
1,153.6
2,775.7
968.7
809.2
1,331.7

472.3
1,200.2
2,778.0
972.3
815.2
1,345.5

488.0
1,171.2
2,839.0
985.8
827.6
1,377.9

481.5
1,162.2
2,804.7
977.1
819.7
1,375.4

480.7
1,174.7
2,803.6
974.7
819.6
1,381.9

477.4
1,176.4
2,807.5
977.4
820.8
1,390.5

-3.3
1.7
3.9
2.7
1.2
8.6

599.6
2,917.7
1,427.0
773.1
411.6

603.0
2,861.8
1,439.2
762.3
409.0

592.2
2,902.6
1,447.6
753.0
409.7

591.5
2,872.2
1,435.8
761.2
409.5

622.3
2,968.8
1,471.0
786.7
422.9

612.4
2,930.3
1,477.4
772.7
416.9

610.9
2,927.6
1,476.8
772.5
418.8

612.5
2,921.7
1,477.1
772.5
419.7

1.6
-5.9
0.3
0.0
0.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,234.5
459.3
223.1
63.4
1,256.4

4,082.6
452.4
213.1
58.9
1,193.2

4,106.1
451.9
214.7
61.1
1,199.6

4,099.4
452.2
215.6
62.3
1,209.2

4,255.8
458.0
222.6
64.3
1,274.2

4,133.5
454.5
213.6
62.3
1,227.9

4,141.4
452.4
215.0
63.4
1,225.5

4,121.9
451.7
214.5
63.2
1,226.5

-19.5
-0.7
-0.5
-0.2
1.0

433.2
41.9
24.7
553.6
541.1
637.8

422.9
40.7
20.9
532.7
517.6
630.2

428.5
39.4
21.5
533.9
516.6
638.9

429.5
39.4
27.0
537.1
490.1
637.0

416.6
42.0
27.7
556.8
548.1
645.5

410.7
40.8
28.4
535.2
521.7
638.4

414.9
39.8
28.4
538.3
520.9
642.8

413.7
39.7
29.9
540.0
499.9
642.8

-1.2
-0.1
1.5
1.7
-21.0
0.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

559.3

555.9

556.5

556.0

562.1

558.2

558.1

558.6

0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,833
809.6

2,734
761.7

2,726
760.7

2,722
760.5

2,837
812.9

2,739
763.9

2,727
761.9

2,724
762.5

-3
0.6

356.7
302.8
977.6

345.2
294.7
947.9

344.0
295.1
942.7

348.4
294.6
931.0

355.3
304.8
979.9

347.4
296.0
945.4

344.3
295.9
941.2

345.7
296.3
934.5

1.4
0.4
-6.7

253.4
132.9

248.2
136.0

247.9
135.9

250.4
137.1

251.0
133.1

249.8
136.2

247.5
136.6

247.8
137.5

0.3
0.9

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1 . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . .
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles. . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . .

7,768
5,784.5
21.2

7,584
5,665.2
21.1

7,569
5,652.1
21.2

7,578
5,648.4
21.2

7,805
5,796.1
21.2

7,628
5,670.6
21.2

7,608
5,656.6
21.2

7,611
5,657.1
21.2

3
0.5
0.0

2,602.7
1,760.1
1,319.3

2,568.6
1,748.3
1,310.4

2,563.0
1,747.1
1,308.9

2,560.6
1,749.8
1,311.5

2,608.8
1,764.3
1,321.9

2,567.9
1,750.0
1,311.4

2,564.9
1,751.2
1,311.6

2,564.5
1,752.9
1,313.6

-0.4
1.7
2.0

812.7
2,259.8
88.1
1,983.8
1,407.7
549.4
26.7

791.8
2,198.6
85.1
1,918.5
1,375.4
518.5
24.6

789.6
2,193.7
84.6
1,916.4
1,369.0
522.8
24.6

794.4
2,188.0
84.2
1,930.0
1,377.3
528.4
24.3

816.3
2,261.5
88.3
2,008.7
1,422.0
560.0
26.7

793.0
2,203.5
85.0
1,956.9
1,397.9
534.1
24.9

790.3
2,195.6
84.6
1,951.4
1,390.2
536.3
24.9

797.4
2,189.7
84.3
1,953.9
1,392.7
536.8
24.4

7.1
-5.9
-0.3
2.5
2.5
0.5
-0.5

16,594
7,624.1
1,126.5
1,022.8
1,332.5

16,288
7,499.5
1,098.7
1,060.1
1,260.8

16,352
7,467.2
1,100.0
1,021.8
1,260.8

16,631
7,487.7
1,099.0
1,010.7
1,264.5

16,636
7,557.8
1,131.1
925.0
1,344.6

16,567
7,416.7
1,105.2
917.4
1,279.9

16,580
7,407.0
1,104.2
911.1
1,278.4

16,660
7,419.2
1,103.1
912.2
1,274.9

80
12.2
-1.1
1.1
-3.5

1,421.6

1,435.8

1,430.1

1,442.2

1,425.8

1,439.4

1,438.4

1,445.7

7.3

985.8
1,864.0
7,105.9

972.3
1,811.3
6,977.6

974.4
1,816.4
7,068.3

977.0
1,825.4
7,317.9

991.6
1,873.9
7,204.0

983.3
1,822.6
7,327.2

984.4
1,825.4
7,347.7

985.4
1,832.0
7,408.7

1.0
6.6
61.0

Industry

Retail trade - Continued

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services1 . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Change
from:
Mar.2010 Apr.2010p

Administrative and support services1 . . . . . . . .
Employment services1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,759.5
2,398.6
1,737.4
820.3
1,749.4

6,639.3
2,512.7
1,870.7
800.1
1,559.9

6,727.5
2,573.6
1,922.1
799.9
1,577.9

6,972.8
2,661.8
1,991.1
796.0
1,731.4

6,854.7
2,477.8
1,805.3
820.2
1,755.6

6,980.2
2,666.1
1,996.1
798.3
1,725.8

7,000.0
2,704.5
2,028.5
795.0
1,710.8

7,060.7
2,734.4
2,054.7
797.4
1,734.2

60.7
29.9
26.2
2.4
23.4

346.4

338.3

340.8

345.1

349.3

347.0

347.7

348.0

0.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services1 . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities1 . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,255
3,232.6
16,022.2
13,452.6
5,737.0
2,261.0
540.2
1,014.2
4,654.5
3,061.1
1,636.2
2,569.6
874.3

19,491
3,252.6
16,238.5
13,622.4
5,844.4
2,305.8
544.7
1,044.4
4,694.3
3,083.7
1,637.7
2,616.1
873.7

19,589
3,282.0
16,307.1
13,669.4
5,871.5
2,307.2
548.3
1,055.0
4,695.8
3,102.1
1,646.5
2,637.7
882.5

19,651
3,302.3
16,348.3
13,694.5
5,888.7
2,304.9
550.3
1,066.6
4,697.9
3,107.9
1,649.9
2,653.8
887.5

19,099
3,079.0
16,019.5
13,476.7
5,741.2
2,266.4
540.3
1,012.9
4,669.0
3,066.5
1,639.7
2,542.8
854.9

19,400
3,121.2
16,279.2
13,668.0
5,864.1
2,310.8
545.9
1,051.9
4,704.3
3,099.6
1,646.7
2,611.2
861.7

19,454
3,132.5
16,321.6
13,700.9
5,885.1
2,312.2
549.1
1,058.7
4,706.2
3,109.6
1,651.1
2,620.7
864.9

19,489
3,141.4
16,348.0
13,721.0
5,894.5
2,311.9
550.8
1,065.2
4,712.3
3,114.2
1,653.4
2,627.0
867.1

35
8.9
26.4
20.1
9.4
-0.3
1.7
6.5
6.1
4.6
2.3
6.3
2.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks. . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . .

12,983
1,865.4
397.2
127.1
1,341.1
11,117.6
1,715.7
9,401.9

12,431
1,692.5
367.1
116.2
1,209.2
10,738.8
1,650.6
9,088.2

12,664
1,738.6
371.6
120.9
1,246.1
10,925.6
1,669.8
9,255.8

13,012
1,869.7
397.8
127.6
1,344.3
11,142.3
1,702.0
9,440.3

13,103
1,908.8
394.2
129.4
1,385.2
11,194.2
1,762.1
9,432.1

13,026
1,893.1
396.0
128.9
1,368.2
11,133.3
1,728.4
9,404.9

13,067
1,897.4
394.6
130.0
1,372.8
11,169.9
1,735.4
9,434.5

13,112
1,912.3
395.1
129.6
1,387.6
11,199.3
1,743.8
9,455.5

45
14.9
0.5
-0.4
14.8
29.4
8.4
21.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . . .

5,368
1,162.6
1,286.0
2,919.6

5,256
1,124.2
1,255.5
2,876.1

5,293
1,138.4
1,263.2
2,891.2

5,327
1,149.2
1,274.5
2,903.1

5,373
1,158.7
1,283.2
2,931.1

5,310
1,136.1
1,271.5
2,902.1

5,320
1,140.9
1,271.7
2,907.1

5,329
1,143.3
1,271.6
2,914.0

9
2.4
-0.1
6.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . .

23,096
2,922.0
2,198.7
723.0
5,328.0
2,514.6
2,813.0
14,846.0
8,441.7
6,404.7

22,750
2,837.0
2,174.6
662.0
5,292.0
2,521.8
2,770.2
14,621.0
8,321.0
6,299.8

22,902
2,898.0
2,237.2
660.5
5,315.0
2,540.2
2,775.2
14,689.0
8,378.8
6,310.2

22,976
2,979.0
2,316.0
663.1
5,315.0
2,539.7
2,775.3
14,682.0
8,352.4
6,329.8

22,681
2,919.0
2,201.9
716.6
5,184.0
2,367.9
2,816.2
14,578.0
8,093.9
6,484.4

22,456
2,860.0
2,192.9
666.6
5,175.0
2,392.5
2,782.7
14,421.0
8,000.7
6,419.8

22,512
2,914.0
2,251.3
662.9
5,176.0
2,392.9
2,783.2
14,422.0
8,006.1
6,415.4

22,571
2,979.0
2,320.4
658.9
5,171.0
2,392.2
2,778.8
14,421.0
8,004.7
6,415.9

59
65.0
69.1
-4.0
-5.0
-0.7
-4.4
-1.0
-1.4
0.5

Industry

Administrative and waste services - Continued

1 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. ................ .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information................................................... ...................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................. ................... .

33.9
38.4
42.2
37.4
38.7
38.9
38.5
33.0
34.2
37.9
31.3
38.1
40.8
36.4
36.5
35.0
33.1
25.6
31.7

33.9
38.9
42.7
37.0
39.7
39.9
39.3
32.9
34.0
37.9
31.1
37.8
40.7
36.6
36.8
35.2
32.8
25.7
31.5

34.0
39.2
43.1
37.1
39.9
40.2
39.5
33.0
34.1
37.9
31.2
38.1
40.7
36.7
36.9
35.2
32.8
25.8
31.7

34.1
39.4
43.0
37.4
40.1
40.4
39.6
33.0
34.2
38.0
31.3
38.2
41.0
36.7
36.8
35.3
32.9
25.8
31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing................................................... ........................ .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

2.1
1.9
2.5

2.7
2.6
2.9

2.9
2.8
3.1

3.0
2.9
3.1

Industry

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$22.11
23.72
27.38
24.78
22.96
24.39
20.62
21.72
19.24
25.13
15.36
20.46
32.79
28.95
26.32
26.99
22.31
12.88
19.31

$22.48
23.95
27.10
25.24
23.17
24.69
20.75
22.13
19.65
26.15
15.53
20.88
32.39
30.27
26.96
27.21
22.67
13.07
20.00

$22.46
23.92
27.10
25.23
23.12
24.60
20.74
22.12
19.68
26.16
15.56
20.90
32.58
30.38
27.02
27.13
22.65
13.07
19.92

$22.47
23.90
27.16
25.17
23.12
24.57
20.78
22.12
19.74
26.24
15.62
20.94
32.56
30.26
27.11
27.05
22.71
13.04
19.80

p Preliminary

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

$ 749.53 $ 762.07 $ 763.64 $ 766.23
910.85
931.66
937.66
941.66
1,155.44 1,157.17 1,168.01 1,167.88
926.77
933.88
936.03
941.36
888.55
919.85
922.49
927.11
948.77
985.13
988.92
992.63
793.87
815.48
819.23
822.89
716.76
728.08
729.96
729.96
658.01
668.10
671.09
675.11
952.43
991.09
991.46
997.12
480.77
482.98
485.47
488.91
779.53
789.26
796.29
799.91
1,337.83 1,318.27 1,326.01 1,334.96
1,053.78 1,107.88 1,114.95 1,110.54
960.68
992.13
997.04
997.65
944.65
957.79
954.98
954.87
738.46
743.58
742.92
747.16
329.73
335.90
337.21
336.43
612.13
630.00
631.46
631.62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2010 Apr.
2010p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

92.5
82.9
94.7
79.6
84.0
81.6
88.6
95.3
93.1
93.3
92.8
92.8
99.2
94.3
93.9
91.6
102.9
95.7
94.4

91.1
79.1
92.7
71.2
82.6
79.4
88.3
94.4
91.1
91.9
91.0
89.4
98.3
91.6
92.5
91.7
103.6
95.5
92.7

91.5
80.0
94.9
71.7
83.2
80.3
88.7
94.8
91.5
92.1
91.4
90.3
98.3
91.4
92.5
91.8
103.9
96.2
93.4

91.9
80.7
95.7
72.5
83.9
81.0
89.2
95.0
91.8
92.4
91.8
90.1
99.1
91.3
92.3
92.5
104.4
96.5
94.2

0.4
0.9
0.8
1.1
0.8
0.9
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
-0.2
0.8
-0.1
-0.2
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.9

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2010 Apr.
2010p

97.5
88.9
104.1
85.7
89.7
88.4
92.7
100.3
96.4
97.8
94.2
96.4
107.5
97.2
96.4
100.1
107.5
99.5
103.4

97.6
85.6
100.9
78.1
89.1
87.1
93.0
101.2
96.4
100.3
93.5
94.8
105.2
98.7
97.3
101.1
110.0
100.7
105.2

98.0
86.4
103.3
78.6
89.5
87.7
93.3
101.6
97.0
100.5
94.1
95.8
105.8
98.9
97.6
100.9
110.2
101.4
105.6

98.5
87.1
104.3
79.3
90.2
88.4
94.0
101.8
97.5
101.2
94.8
95.8
106.6
98.4
97.7
101.4
111.0
101.5
105.8

0.5
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.2
0.5
0.7
0.7
0.0
0.8
-0.5
0.1
0.5
0.7
0.1
0.2

1 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Total nonfarm.............. . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing..................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing...................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................ .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

65,521
52,534
4,373
99
821
3,453
1,850
1,603
48,161
10,326
1,732.0
7,417.9
1,032.3
144.0
1,192
4,628
7,516
14,789
6,891
2,819
12,987

64,674
51,870
4,147
98
747
3,302
1,744
1,558
47,723
10,065
1,683.4
7,254.7
989.3
137.5
1,122
4,507
7,415
14,984
6,826
2,804
12,804

64,738
51,917
4,149
99
744
3,306
1,744
1,562
47,768
10,074
1,688.8
7,255.9
992.9
136.8
1,118
4,491
7,409
15,027
6,845
2,804
12,821

64,824
51,985
4,156
101
744
3,311
1,746
1,565
47,829
10,063
1,682.4
7,253.5
991.0
136.3
1,114
4,484
7,431
15,054
6,878
2,805
12,839

49.8
48.3
23.1
13.9
13.3
28.6
24.8
34.7
53.6
41.2
30.7
50.8
24.3
25.6
42.0
59.3
45.2
77.4
52.6
52.5
57.3

49.9
48.4
23.2
14.2
13.4
28.5
24.7
34.6
53.4
40.8
30.3
50.3
23.9
24.6
41.0
59.1
44.8
77.2
52.4
52.8
57.0

49.8
48.4
23.2
14.1
13.3
28.5
24.6
34.7
53.4
40.8
30.3
50.3
24.0
24.5
41.0
59.0
44.7
77.2
52.4
52.7
57.0

49.8
48.3
23.1
14.3
13.2
28.5
24.5
34.7
53.4
40.7
30.2
50.2
24.0
24.4
40.9
58.9
44.6
77.2
52.5
52.6
56.9

p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing....... . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. .................... .
Mining and logging.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................................... ....................... .
Manufacturing........................................................................ .
Durable goods..................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................................................ . .
Wholesale trade.................................................. ................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing................................................ .
Utilities.............................................................................. .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ............ .
Professional and business services............................................... .
Education and health services..................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

89,676
13,710
529
4,703
8,478
5,108
3,370
75,966
21,270
4,556.8
12,542.7
3,718.1
452.1
2,273
6,029
13,574
16,750
11,577
4,493

88,336
12,867
506
4,243
8,118
4,830
3,288
75,469
20,897
4,478.0
12,384.6
3,589.1
445.0
2,192
5,901
13,554
17,006
11,481
4,438

88,516
12,907
516
4,262
8,129
4,847
3,282
75,609
20,950
4,484.7
12,421.2
3,599.3
444.5
2,178
5,880
13,580
17,048
11,523
4,450

88,737
12,950
522
4,271
8,157
4,866
3,291
75,787
20,967
4,491.2
12,447.1
3,585.2
443.7
2,185
5,878
13,655
17,079
11,565
4,458

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................. .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. ................ .
Nondurable goods.............................................................. .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade...................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities........................................................................... .
Information................................................... ...................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................. ................... .

33.1
39.0
43.1
37.5
39.6
39.6
39.6
32.0
32.8
37.7
29.8
35.9
42.3
36.5
36.0
34.7
32.3
24.8
30.5

33.2
39.4
43.6
37.0
40.5
40.6
40.2
32.1
33.0
37.7
30.0
36.2
41.6
36.5
36.0
34.8
32.2
24.8
30.6

33.3
40.1
44.2
37.8
41.0
41.2
40.7
32.2
33.1
37.8
30.1
36.8
41.7
36.5
36.1
34.9
32.1
25.0
30.7

33.4
40.6
44.8
38.8
41.2
41.4
40.9
32.2
33.3
37.9
30.2
37.1
41.9
36.5
36.2
34.9
32.2
24.8
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing................................................... ........................ .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods................................................................... .

2.8
2.5
3.2

3.5
3.4
3.6

3.7
3.7
3.7

3.9
3.9
3.9

Industry

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Total private................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade......................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. .
Information............................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services........................................ .

$18.53
19.83
23.34
22.58
18.15
19.24
16.49
18.25
16.42
20.70
12.95
18.77
29.31
25.30
20.66
22.24
19.39
11.01
16.45

$18.92
20.14
23.71
23.13
18.47
19.69
16.66
18.66
16.78
21.42
13.20
19.10
29.88
25.63
21.27
22.66
19.83
11.30
16.87

$18.91
20.18
23.91
23.14
18.49
19.67
16.72
18.64
16.76
21.38
13.18
19.13
29.88
25.64
21.36
22.65
19.79
11.31
16.80

$18.96
20.20
23.94
23.10
18.51
19.68
16.75
18.69
16.82
21.52
13.20
19.19
29.93
25.67
21.45
22.69
19.85
11.31
16.80

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

$ 613.34 $ 628.14 $ 629.70 $ 633.26
773.37
793.52
809.22
820.12
1,005.95 1,033.76 1,056.82 1,072.51
846.75
855.81
874.69
896.28
718.74
748.04
758.09
762.61
761.90
799.41
810.40
814.75
653.00
669.73
680.50
685.08
584.00
598.99
600.21
601.82
538.58
553.74
554.76
560.11
780.39
807.53
808.16
815.61
385.91
396.00
396.72
398.64
673.84
691.42
703.98
711.95
1,239.81 1,243.01 1,246.00 1,254.07
923.45
935.50
935.86
936.96
743.76
765.72
771.10
776.49
771.73
788.57
790.49
791.88
626.30
638.53
635.26
639.17
273.05
280.24
282.75
280.49
501.73
516.22
515.76
517.44

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
p Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2010 Apr.
2010p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction................................. .
Manufacturing............................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade.......................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services...... .
Education and health services. . . . ........ .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

99.2
81.7
121.2
88.3
77.1
76.0
78.6
103.9
97.3
101.2
94.6
100.5
97.8
94.7
103.9
105.6
116.7
105.2
96.1

98.0
77.5
117.2
78.6
75.5
73.7
77.9
103.6
96.1
99.4
94.0
97.8
94.7
91.3
101.7
105.7
118.1
104.4
95.3

98.5
79.1
121.2
80.7
76.5
75.0
78.7
104.1
96.7
99.8
94.6
99.7
94.8
90.8
101.6
106.2
118.1
105.6
95.8

99.0
80.3
124.3
83.0
77.1
75.7
79.3
104.3
97.3
100.2
95.2
100.1
95.1
91.0
101.8
106.8
118.6
105.1
96.3

0.5
1.5
2.6
2.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.4
-0.5
0.5

Apr.
2009

Feb.
2010

Mar.
2010p

Apr.
2010p

Percent
change
from:
Mar.
2010 Apr.
2010p

122.8
99.2
164.5
107.7
91.5
91.3
91.6
130.1
113.9
123.4
105.0
119.6
119.7
118.6
132.7
139.7
148.8
131.6
115.2

123.9
95.5
161.7
98.2
91.1
90.6
91.7
132.5
115.1
125.4
106.4
118.5
118.1
115.9
133.7
142.5
154.0
133.9
117.1

124.4
97.7
168.5
100.8
92.5
92.1
93.0
133.0
115.6
125.7
106.9
121.0
118.2
115.2
134.2
143.2
153.6
135.6
117.3

125.5
99.4
173.0
103.5
93.4
93.0
93.9
133.7
116.8
127.1
107.7
121.9
118.8
115.7
135.0
144.2
154.8
135.0
117.9

0.9
1.7
2.7
2.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.8
-0.4
0.5

1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual
average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding
2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly
hours, and employment.
p Preliminary