Full text of The Employment Situation : April 1993
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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 93-163
Technical information:
Household data:
National
(202) 606-6373
606-6378
606-6392
606-6555
606-5902
State
Establishment data:
Media contact:
Transmission of material in this release is
embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Friday, May 7,1993
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 1993
Nonfarm payroll employment rose modestly in April and unemployment was unchanged, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The unemployment rate, at 7,0
percent, was the same as in February and March.
The number of payroll workers—as measured by the survey of employers—was 119,000 above its
March level. A sizable job gain in services was partly offset by further losses in manufacturing. Total
employment—as measured by the household survey—was about unchanged at 118.4 million in April.
Chart 1. Unerrployment rate, seasonally adjusted.
P*wi
May 1090- April! 993
Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonaly adjusted.
Uiiimi
May 1990 - April 1993
Unemployment (Household Survey
Both the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment rate were unchanged in April, after
seasonal adjustment. For the third month in a row, the unemployment level was about 8.9 million and the
unemployment rate was 7.0 percent. While both measures declined gradually during the second half of
1992, they have shown no further improvement since February of this year. (See table A-l.)
There were small, offsetting movements in the unemployment rates for adult men and women. The
rate for adult women edged up to 6.0 percent in April, following improvement in both February and
March. In contrast, the rate for adult men, which had edged up over the prior 2 months, fell back to 6.4
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Quarterly averages
Monthly data
1993
Category
1992
1993
I
IV
Feb.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers
|
Mar.
Mar.Apr.
Apr.
change
Labor force status
127,341
118,021
9,320
64,978
1,084
-88
118,416
-149
127,327
118,451
8,876
8,864
8,925
61
65,516
65,459
65,530
65,785
255
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,134
127,429
118,565
127,341
127,280
118,362
8,917
Unemployment rates
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
.
7.3
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
.0
7.0
6.5
6.5
6.7
6.4
-0.3
6.3
6.0
6.0
5.7
6.0
.3
19.4
19.6
19.6
19.5
20.7
1.2
6.0
-.1
White
6.4
6.1
6.1
Black
14.1
13.6
13.1
6.1
13.5
13.8
.3
Hispanic origin
11.8
11.4
11.4
11.4
10.4
-1.0
109,203 plO9,194 plO9,313
pll9
23,374
p23,293
p23,214
p-79
p-10
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment
Goods-producing'
Construction
Employment
108,656 plO9,O87
23,271 p23,31I
4,591
p4,605
4,657
p4,598
p4,588
18,059
pi 8,097
18,112
pi 8,088
pi 8,023
p-65
85,385
p85,776
85,829
p85,901
p86,099
pl98
Retail trade
19,141
pl9,310
19,361
pl9,342
pl9,363
p21
Services
29,198
p29,330
29,322
p29,400
p29,551
pl51
Government
18,664
pi 8,685
18,692
pI8,700
p!8,712
Pl2
Manufacturing
Service-producing •
Hours of work3
Total private
Manufacturing...
Overtime
34.5
41.2
3.9
p34.4
p41.4
p4.0
34.4
41.5
P 34.3
p41.2
p34.4
p41.5
4.2
p3.9
p4.3
pO.l
P-3
p.4
p$10.79
p$ 10.79
pSO.OO
p370.10
pl.08
p371.18
p = preliminary
Earnings1
Average hourly earnings,
total private
$ 10.68
p$ 10.76
$10.76
Average weekly earnings,
368.22 P370.14
total private
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
N.A. - not available.
1
2
370.14
percent in April. The rate for Hispanics also improved, falling to 10.4 percent. Jobless rates for other
major worker groups, teenagers (20.7 percent), whites (6.0 percent), and blacks (13.8 percent) were little
changed in April. (See tables A-l and A-2.)
The number of unemployed persons who had been jobless for less than 5 weeks increased by 253,000
in April, while the number unemployed for 6 months or more fell by 164,000 to less than 1.7 million, the
lowest level in 15 months. Despite these movements, both the average (mean) and median duration of
unemployment—the length of time unemployed persons have been looking for work—were about
unchanged in April, at 17.4 and 8.5 weeks, respectively. Both measures were well below their 1992 yearend levels. (See table A-5.)
At 6.5 million in April, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (those who
would prefer full-time work) rose by 264,000 over the month, following a decline of similar magnitude in
March. The involuntary part-time series has fluctuated in the 6.0-6.5 million range since mid-1991. (See
table A-3.)
Total Employment and the j^bor Force (Household Survey pata)
The total number of persons employed was about unchanged in April at 118.4 million, after seasonal
adjustment. Total employment has, in fact, shown little change since last December. The proportion of
the population with jobs, 61.3 percent in April, has remained within the narrow range of 61.3 to 61.5
percent since the fall of 1991. (See table A-l.)
At 127.3 million in April, the civilian labor force was also about the same as in the previous month
and has shown little growth since mid-1992. The labor force participation rate, at 65.9 percent, has been
essentially unchanged for 4 consecutive months. (See table A-l.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 119,000 to 109.3 million in April, following no change in
March. The series has been increasing slowly since the beginning of 1992 but remains about 1 million
short of its prerecession peak of 110.3 million in June of 1990. April's job gain was mainly in services,
where a large employment increase more than offset declines in manufacturing. (See table B-l.)
The number of manufacturing jobs decreased by 65,000 in April, following a 24,000 loss in March.
Increases made from November to February have now been reversed. Most of April's weakness came in
the durable goods portion of manufacturing, with about one-third of the overall manufacturing decline
occurring in transportation equipment, mostly in motor vehicles; the balance of the losses were
widespread throughout the durable goods industries. Within nondurable goods, there were declines in
the food and apparel industries.
Construction employment, which had dipped in March, failed to rebound in April (seasonally
adjusted), as bad weather and a generally depressed level of activity in some sectors of the industry
continued to limit spring hiring. Mining employment declined by 4,000 in April, continuing its steady
downward slide.
Employment in services increased by 151,000 in April, more than twice its monthly average over the
prior year. Much of the growth occurred in business services (including temporary help) and health
services. About 1.4 million jobs have been added in services since the end of the recession in March
1991.
Retail trade employment was little changed in April, the second straight sluggish month, after gains in
the December-February period. Finance, insurance, and real estate added 17,000 jobs, with widespread
growth in the various finance industries.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged
up 0.1 hour in April, returning to February's level of 34,4 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing
workweek increased by 0 3 hour to 41.5 hours and factory overtime rose by 0.4 hour to 4.3 hours, both
reversing declines in March. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls increased by 0.4 percent in April to 122.3 (1982=100), after seasonal adjustment. The index for
manufacturing edged up 0.3 percent to 102.8, as the increase in weekly hours more than offset the decline
in employment; this follows a substantial decline in March. (See table B-5).
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data>
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers were unchanged in April at
$10.79, seasonally adjusted. Weekly earnings increased 0.3 percent to $371.18, after seasonal
adjustment, due to the slight increase in hours. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings
rose 1 cent to $10.81 and weekly earnings were up 50 cents to $369.70. Over the year, both average
hourly earnings and average weekly earnings increased by 2.6 percent.
The Employment Situation for May 1993 will be released on Friday, June 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
The Employment Situation news release of May data will introduce revisions in the establishmentbased series on nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the regular annual benchmark
adjustments (for March 1992) and updated seasonal adjustment factors. In addition, corrections are
being made for errors found in the administrative record counts used as benchmark levels in prior years.
These errors accumulated to an overstatement of about 540,000 jobs in the decade prior to March 1991.
The special revision in the historical data series from April 1981 forward will result in areducedestimate
of the job loss during the 1990-91 recession and small reductions in estimates of job gains during the
1980s.
Planned Changes for the Household Survey Data
Beginning in 1994, with the release of data for January, estimates from the Current Population Survey
(household survey) will reflect the results of a major redesign of the survey. The redesign is being
undertaken to obtain more accurate and comprehensive information on the labor force. As part of this
effort, the survey questionnaire is being revamped to include many new and revised questions regarding
individuals' employment and unemployment activities, and a fully automated data collection environment
is being introduced.
Work on the redesign began in the late 1980s. The new questionnaire is being tested for an 18-month
period, July 1992-December 1993, in a separate national sample survey of about 13,000 households to
gauge the effect of both the new questions and the automated data collection procedures on the labor
force estimates. Early indications of the potential effects of these changes will not be available until this
fall; a comprehensive examination will be published in the February 1994 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current
Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household
survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD
DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households that is
conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings
analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that
appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This
information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes over 350,000 establishments
employing over 41 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected
for and relate to a particular week. In the household survey, unless
otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day
of the month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment
survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments,
and the inevitable variance in results between a survey ofa sample and
a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained
below.
a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on
varying definitions ofunemployment and the labor force. The definitions
are provided in the table. The most restrictive definition yields U-l
and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The civilian worker
unemployment rate is U-5b, while U-5a, the overall unemployment
rate, includes the resident Armed Forces in the labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only courts
wage and salary employees whose names appear on the payroll records
of nonfarm firms. As a result, there are many differences between the
two surveys, among which are the following:
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll
Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request.
The sample households in the household survey are selected so as
to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age
and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one
job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most
hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees; worked in their own business or profession or on their own
farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a
member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness,
bad weather, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility
for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the
following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week;
they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts
to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid
off from their former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to
report to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The civilian laborforce equals the sum of the number employed
and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the number
unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table A-7 presents
• The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects n
larger segment ofthe population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers;
• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave amor.g the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
• The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each
individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees
working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course ofa year, the size ofthe nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations
due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or
expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and
closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large
number each June, when schools close and many young people enter
the job market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large;
over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may account for as
much as 95 percent ofthe month-to-month changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make
nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or
increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier tc
spot. To return to the schooPs-out example, the large number ofpeople
entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other ch an^es
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the
level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the
effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the
statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable
change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze
changes in economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment contain
components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees,
production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly
earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total
or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The
second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is
therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum ofeight seasonally adjusted
employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment
components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the unemployment rate is derived by
dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate
of the civilian labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December
period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced
along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period.
In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are
approximately 90 out of 100 that the tctrue" level or rate would not be
expected to differ from the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data are
cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually. Also, as
a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling error.
Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the size of the labor
force is subject to less error than is the estimate of the number
unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate ofadult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error
for the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .30 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.65 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the most current 2
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates
are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the returns in the
sample have been received, the estimates are revised. In other words,
data for the month of September are published in preliminary form in
October and November and in final form in December. To remove
errors that build up over time, a comprehensive count of the employed
is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to establish
new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of employment—against
which month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks
also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow
for the formation of new establishments.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people
employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably
differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census,
even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the
household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in
terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error
depends upon the size of the sample, the results ofthe survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances
are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample
will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a
complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the
standard errorfromthe results ofa complete census. At approximately
the 90-percent level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS
in its analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment
is on the order of plus or minus 341,000; for total unemployment it is
251,000; and, for the civilian worker unemployment rate, it is 0.22
percentage points. These figures do not mean that the sample results
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the nation's employment
situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news
release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment
and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $ 13.00
per issue or $31.00 peryear from the U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC 20402. A check or money order made out to the
Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling
error for the household survey data published in this release. For
unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear
in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the
reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the
actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided
in tables 2-B through 2-F of that publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone; 202-606-STAT;
TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD Message Referral Phone Number:
1-800-326-2577.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Doc.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
191,168
125,878
65.8
116,933
61.2
3,128
113,805
8,945
7.1
65.291
192.959
126.682
65.7
117,406
60.8
2,805
114,601
9,276
7.3
66,277
193.126
126.491
65.5
117,856
61.0
2.980
114,877
6,635
6.8
66,635
191,168
126.743
66.3
117,518
61.5
3,206
114.312
9,225
7.3
64,425
192,509
127.591
66.3
118,311
61.5
3,262
115,049
9.2B0
7.3
64,918
192,644
127,083
66.0
118,071
61.3
3,191
114.879
9,013
7.1
65,561
192,786
127,327
66.0
118,451
61.4
3.116
115,335
8,876
7.0
65,459
192.959
127,429
66.0
118,565
61.4
3,082
115.483
8,864
7.0
65,530
193,126
127.341
65.9
118,416
61.3
3,060
115,356
8.925
7.0
65,785
91,316
68,560
75.1
63,289
69.3
5,272
7.7
92,304
69,053
74.8
63,370
68.7
5.683
8.2
92,393
68,914
746
63.848
69.1
5,066
7.4
91.316
69,043
75.6
63,777
69.8
5,266
7.6
92,060
69,394
75.4
64,194
69.7
5.200
7.5
92.130
69,115
75.0
64,186
69.7
4,929
7.1
92,208
69,335
75.2
64,338
69.8
4,997
7.2
92,304
69,493
75.3
64,332
69.7
5,160
7.4
92,393
69.435
75.2
64.356
69.7
5,079
7.3
84,671
65.430
77.3
60,771
71,8
2,315
58,456
4,660
7.1
85.664
65,771
76.8
60,821
71.0
2,077
58,744
4,950
7.5
85,731
65.650
76.6
61,305
71.5
2.237
53,068
4.346
6.6
84,671
65.572
77.4
61,033
72.1
2.351
58,682
4,539
6.9
85,369
65,785
77.1
61,326
71.9
2,371
5B.955
4,459
85,445
65,624
76.8
61.423
71.9
2,340
59.083
4.201
6.4
85,554
65,734
76.8
61,479
71.9
2,299
59,180
4,255
6.5
85,664
65.901
76.9
61,466
71.8
2.245
59,21 B
4.435
6.7
85.731
65.819
76.8
61.579
71.8
2.273
59.305
4,240
6.4
99.852
57,317
57.4
53,644
53.7
3,673
6.4
100,054
57,630
57.3
54.036
53.7
3.534
6.2
100,733
57,577
57.2
54.008
536
3,569
6.2
99,852
57.700
57.8
53.741
53.8
3,959
6.9
100,449
58,197
57.9
54,117
53.9
4,080
7.0
100,514
57.968
57.7
53.B85
53.6
4,083
7.0
100,577
57.992
57.7
54,114
53.8
3.879
6.7
100.654
57,936
57.6
54,233
53.9
3,704
6.4
100.733
57.907
57.5
54,060
53.7
3.846
6.6
93,320
54,412
58.3
51,228
54.9
628
50,601
3.183
5.9
94.148
54,726
58.1
51,668
54.9
567
51.101
3.058
5.6
94,214
54.634
58.0
51,569
54.7
560
51,009
3,065
5.6
93,320
54,534
58.4
51.136
54.8
648
50.488
3,398
6.2
93.960
55,010
585
51.494
54.8
613
50.881
3.516
6.4
94.007
54.733
58.2
51.246
54.5
608
50,638
3.486
6.4
94.088
54.742
582
51,466
54.7
551
50.915
3,276
6.0
94,148
54,779
58.2
51,668
54.9
618
51,050
3.111
5.7
94,214
54,704
53.1
51.433
54.6
576
50.856
3,271
6.0
13,177
6,036
45.8
4,934
37.4
185
4,749
1,102
18.3
13,147
6,186
47.1
4,917
37.4
160
4,757
1,269
2C.5
13,181
6.207
47.1
4.982
37.8
183
4,799
1.224
19.7
13.177
6,637
50.4
5,349
40.6
207
5,142
1,288
19.4
13,181
6,796
51.6
5.491
41.7
278
5,213
1.305
19.2
13,191
6.726
51.0
5,401
40.9
243
5.158
1,325
19.7
13.143
6.851
52.1
5.506
41.9
266
5,240
1,345
19.6
13,147
6,749
51.3
5,431
41.3
216
5,215
1.318
19.5
13.181
6,819
51.7
5,405
41.0
211
5,:94
1.414
20.7
TOTAL
Civilian noninsthutional population
Chilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonaghcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstituional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
«
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
C M tan nonhnstKutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricuftural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
,
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninsihutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Emptoyment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian nonin&trtutbnal population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricurtural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
,
,
,
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricurtural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
1
The population figures are not adjusted tor seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sax* aga, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex. age, and
Hispanic origin
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
162,398
107,853
664
101,081
62.2
6.772
6.3
163,543
108.322
662
101269
61.9
7,052
6.5
163,649
108.061
66.0
101,678
6Z1
6.383
5.9
162.398
106,412
66.8
101,479
62.5
6,933
64
163.259
108,946
66.7
102.043
62.5
6,903
6.3
163,343
108,729
66.6
101,987
624
6,742
62
163.429
108,754
66.5
102,109
62.5
6,645
6.1
163,543
108,998
66.6
102,339
62.6
6,659
6.1
163,649
108.589
664
102,035
62.3
6.554
6.0
56,673
77.8
53,063
72.8
3,609
6.4
56.906
77.4
53.066
722
3,841
6.7
56,799
772
53,506
72.7
3.293
5.8
56,779
77.9
53.244
73.1
3,535
62
56.937
77.6
53.543
73.0
3.394
6.0
56,895
77.5
53,615
73.0
3,280
5.8
56.942
77.5
53.649
73.0
3.293
5.8
57.070
77.6
53.656
73.0
3,414
6.0
56,695
775
53,667
725
3.228
5.7
45,966
582
43,634
552
2,332
5.1
46.090
58.0
43,795
55.1
2.294
5.0
45.956
57.8
43,738
55.0
2218
4£
45,948
582
43,486
55.0
2,462
54
46240
58.3
43,667
55.0
2.573
5.6
46.096
58.1
43.583
54.9
2,513
5.5
46,002
57.9
43.626
54J
2,377
52
46,142
58.1
43,839
552
2.303
5.0
45.908
57.7
43,564
543
2.345
5.1
5,214
49.6
4,383
41.7
830
15.9
16.8
15.0
5,326
50.5
4,408
41.8
917
172
18 A
15.5
5,306
50.3
4.434
42.0
872
164
184
14-3
5,685
54.1
4,749
452
936
16.5
17.8
15.0
5,769
54.9
4,633
46.0
936
162
172
15.1
5,738
54.5
4.789
45.5
949
16.5
18.1
14.9
5,810
552
4,834
45.9
976
16 A
17.9
15.6
5.786
54.9
4,844
46 S)
942
16.0
5,785
545
4.804
45.6
961
17JO
192
14.5
21,882
13.574
62.0
11.729
53.6
1*845
13.6
22,217
13,687
61.6
11,810
532
1,877
13.7
22.249
13,696
61.6
11,834
532
1,862
13.6
21,882
13,756
62.9
11,857
542
1,899
13.8
22.131
13,935
63.0
11.960
54.0
1.975
142
22.157
13,822
624
11,853
53.5
1,969
142
22,184
14.018
632
12.186
54.9
1.832
13.1
22,217
13.834
62.3
11,962
53.8
1.871
13.5
22,249
13,872
624
11.959
53.7
1,913
135
6.433
72.9
5,562
63.1
871
13.5
6.469
72.0
5,550
61.8
919
142
6,422
714
5,558
61.8
863
134
6.424
72J
5,601
63.5
823
12.8
6450
72.1
5,589
62.5
861
13.3
6.486
724
5,645
63.1
841
13.0
6.534
72.9
5,754
642
781
11.9
6.491
72.3
5,640
623
851
13.1
6.412
71.3
5,597
622
815
12.7
6.494
59.1
5,757
524
737
114
6,547
58.7
5,903
52.9
644
9.8
6.578
583
5,694
52*
684
104
6,581
59.9
5.802
52.8
779
11JB
6.687
602
5,889
53.0
796
11.9
6,536
583
5.717
514
819
12.5
6,683
60.0
5.936
53.3
747
112
6.584
59.1
5.897
52.9
667
104
6,659
59.6
5,936
532
723
105
647
312
411
10 J
236
36.5
42.4
30.6
671
322
357
17.1
313
46.7
48.1
44.9
696
33.3
381
18.3
314
452
482
40.9
751
362
454
21.9
297
39.5
432
35.7
798
38.3
482
232
316
39.6
422
36.5
800
384
490
23.5
310
38.7
39.0
38.5
800
384
496
233
304
38.0
374
38.6
756
36.3
425
204
333
43.9
454
42.0
801
384
426
204
375
463
475
45.3
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
„
„
Participation rate
„
Empk>yed
,....,.„.„„................„„„„.,
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed „ „
„
„.„
Unerrptoyment rate
—.
*
......
„.,.,
Man, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
~.
• Participation rde....,
»
Employed
~......
Employment-population ratio
*
-
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
«..
...Employed
EnT^Jovmont-oooolalton ratio
Unemployed .*.*
* „..,......,... .........
Unemployment rate
„
»
......t
-
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Particfciation rate
Employed
Employment-population
Unemployed
Ui iwTtjloyi mnt rate
Men
Women
-
„
«
_
ratio
„
.......
~
...
16 J
16.5
BUCK
CMBan noninstitutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Partic^iatlon rate ,.„
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed Unemployment rate
-
-
»
•
-
Men, 20 years and over
CMIan labor force
„
Particfcation rate Z
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed .«.
«
Unemployment rate
~
~
-
See foot notes at end of table.
»
-
«.•
—
Both sexee, 16 to 19 years
CMIan labor foree
Participation rate
„
«
Unemployed ..Unemployment rate
Men
Women
„
~
~
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
~
Pantepatbn rate
„
~
Employed
!
„
EmDtovment'OODiilation ratio
Unemployment rate
...............
-
„"
-
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, ago, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Nurrbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
15.145
10,008
66.1
8,970
592
1,038
10.4
15.585
10.324
662
9,111
58.5
1.212
11.7
15,635
10,188
65-2
9.139
58A
1,049
10.3
15.145
10,032
662
8.987
59.3
1.045
10.4
15.461
10.351
66.9
9,145
59.1
1,206
11.7
15.500
10,225
66.0
9.043
58.3
1,182
11.6
15.540
10.280
66.1
9.108
58.6
1,171
11-4
15,585
10.343
66A
9.166
58£
1,177
UA
15,635
10,210
65.3
9.148
58.5
1.062
104
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian nonlnstltutional population
Civilian labor force
„
Participation rate
Enptoyed
...
.
EirpJoyrnent-populatlon ratio
Unemployed ....
Unemployment rate
„
_
.
......
„
„
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
Identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE; Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Htepanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Table A-3. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjustecI
Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
117,518
40,317
30.052
6.549
11B.311
40.639
30,403
6.548
118.071
40.607
30.298
6,555
118.451
40.903
30.515
6,615
118.565
40,902
30.669
6.792
118,416
41.002
30.171
6.942
31.979
36.621
16,373
12,942
16,806
3 137
31.071
36.837
16.044
13,063
16.885
3 405
31.485
36,799
16,226
13,271
16,959
3 525
31.874
36,363
16.414
12.937
17,132
3,403
31,907
36.767
16,461
12,841
17.341
3.319
32,272
36.332
16.436
12.867
17,175
3,385
31,682
36.403
16.505
13.086
17.232
3,288
1.413
1,275
117
1,590
1.291
99
1,747
1.366
100
1,735
1.397
106
1,661
1.404
145
1.614
1.363
136
1.568
1.377
130
1.632
1.324
105
105.069
17.803
87,266
1,015
86,251
8,475
261
105,666
18.684
86.982
1,064
85.918
8,700
235
105.698
18.582
87,115
1,024
86.091
8,932
247
105,494
17.699
87.795
1.102
86,693
8.491
247
105,978
18,065
87.913
1.091
86,822
8.668
221
105,883
18,481
87.402
1.061
86.341
8.793
250
106.163
18,507
87.655
1,071
86,584
9.065
226
106.447
18,536
87.911
1,143
86789
8,832
206
106,055
18,471
87.583
1.113
86,470
8.950
234
6,009
3.021
2.677
15 522
6,250
3.246
2.738
15583
6,109
3.031
2.799
15459
6,343
3.115
2.865
14 853
6.349
3.206
2.865
14 895
6,113
2.994
2.887
14,788
6,461
3.150
2.991
14.696
6.194
3.039
2.855
14,799
6,458
3.128
3,000
14,529
5.715
2,801
2.612
15,077
6,043
3,095
2.684
15,149
5.901
2.904
2.724
15,019
6,030
2,852
2.782
14.432
6.063
3,024
2.793
14.476
5,887
2,800
2.849
14.364
6.242
2.990
2,931
14.282
5.965
2.887
2,781
14.319
6,238
2.963
2.904
14,129
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
116,933
40.173
30.331
6.451
117.406
40,616
30,700
6.731
117.856
40.B79
30.443
6.838
31,369
37.009
15.918
12,919
16.468
3,250
32.402
36.441
16,370
12,520
16,735
2938
1,699
1.334
95
Apr.
1992
CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed. 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families <.
«
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....Farming, forestry, and fishing
«
„
INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers „
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
„
NonagncuKural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Setf-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
„
~
„
„
„
„
„
„
-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
NonagricuKural industries:
Pan time for economic reasons
Stack work ...Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
1
~
-
~
-
„
~
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work* during the survey period for
such reasons as vacation. Illness, or industrial dispute.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A**. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number d
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Category
Unemployment rates1
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
9225
4,539
3,396
1288
6.864
4,435
3.111
1,318
8.925
4.240
3.271
1,414
7.3
6.9
6.2
19.4
7.3
6.8
6.4
19.2
7.1
6.4
6.4
19.7
7.0
6.5
6.0
19.6
7.0
6.7
5.7
19.5
7.0
6.4
6.0
20.7
Married men, spouse present......
Married women, spouse present.
Women who maintain families
2.045
1,573
730
2.029
1,392
670
1.927
1,532
739
4.8
10J0
5.0
4.8
5.0
10.3
4.5
4.9
10.6
4.5
4.4
10.2
4.7
4.3
9.0
4.5
4.8
9.6
Full-time workers ........... ..........
Part-time workers
Labor force time tost2 ......
7.669
1.578
7.252
1.606
7.235
1,720
**~
7.0
8.9
B2
6.9
9.7
8.1
6.7
9.3
7.9
6.6
9.1
7.9
6.6
8.9
7.9
6.6
9.7
7.8
987
2203
1240
2,083
265
1.046
1.968
1.187
1,968
307
996
2.081
1,245
1,851
309
3.1
5.6
8.7
11.0
72
3.2
5.8
8.8
10.0
8.7
3.3
5.5
7.9
9.8
8.5
3.5
5.2
7.8
9.9
9.0
3.1
5.1
8.4
10.3
8.3
3.0
5.4
8.7
9.7
8.6
7.199
2.711
51
1,037
1,623
946
677
4.488
313
2.025
2.150
642
213
6,770
2.433
38
889
1,505
836
670
4.337
339
1,940
2.058
685
216
6,831
2,403
60
860
1,484
852
632
4,427
341
2,025
2.061
648
206
7.6
9.6
7.3
16.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
6.7
4.7
8.3
6.0
3.5
10.9
7.5
9.0
5.5
15.7
7.2
7.5
6.9
6.9
5.6
8.0
6.5
3.6
12.2
7.3
8.8
7.8
14.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
6.7
4.9
7.9
6.3
3.6
11.6
7.2
8.6
7.1
13.7
72
6.9
7.5
6.6
4.6
7.8
6.1
3.6
13.1
72
9.0
5.5
15.3
7.3
7.0
7.6
6.4
4.9
7.9
5.7
3.6
12.1
7.2
8.9
8.6
14.5
7.2
7.2
7.3
6.6
5.0
8.3
5.7
3.4
11.2
CHARACTERISTIC
Total. 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over......
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty ....
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .,
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricukuraf private wage and salary \
Goods-producing industries.
Mining
-..
Construction ,
Manufacturing.
Durable goods .
Nondurable goods .
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries .
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
UnenTpJoyment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours tost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not
2
avalabto because the seasonal components are small relative to the
trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.
Table A-5. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjustec1
Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
2.868
2,482
3,686
1.663
1.922
2.832
2.897
3,546
1.650
1,888
2.936
2294
3.408
1,616
1,790
3269
2.706
3.072
1.303
1,769
3,042
2.688
3.605
1.540
2.065
3272
2.481
3,317
1,407
1.910
3,232
2,487
3.143
1236
1,907
3.102
2.566
3.073
1259
1,814
3.355
2.496
2.926
1276
1.650
18.9
10.3
18.5
10.4
19.1
102
172
8.6
192
9.4
18.7
8.5
18.3
82
17.5
8.3
17.4
8.5
100.0
32.1
27.9
40.1
18.6
21.5
100.0
30.5
312
382
17.9
20.3
100.0
34.0
26.6
39.4
18.7
20.7
100.0
36.1
29.9
34.0
14.4
19.6
100.0
32.6
28.8
38.6
16.5
22.1
100.0
36.1
27.4
36.6
15.5
21.1
100.0
36.5
28.1
35.5
13.9
21.5
100.0
35.5
29.4
352
14.4
20.7
100.0
382
28.4
33.3
14.5
18.8
DURATION
Less than 5 woo la
,
5 to 14 weeks
........
•
•16 weeks and over
j............
..«.....•*•—•
15 to26 weeks
.m. L
27 weeks and over ..„.....„...........*......».»....«.••««•»••»•*•
Median duration in weeks .-
-».......„
............
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
1 A M than *i
5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over
15 to 26 woo hi
27 weeks and over
tonAkS
**••.*•#*#»•*•
•
• .«.*•
•
*
.........
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Reason
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
5.349
1,214
4,136
942
1,901
752
5.437
1,395
4,042
1,013
2,018
808
4.927
1,025
3.902
943
1.927
838
5.219
1,227
3,992
1,009
2.137
853
5,138
1,204
3.934
972
2,237
930
4.847
1.029
3.818
821
2.346
960
4,648
1,049
3,599
1,046
2,299
887
4.812
1.076
3.735
1.096
2.047
930
4.821
1,036
3.785
1.007
2,172
940
100.0
59.8
13.6
46.2
10.5
21.3
8.4
100.0
58.6
15.0
43.6
10.9
21.8
8.7
100.0
57.1
11.9
45.2
10.9
22.3
9.7
100.0
56.6
13.3
43.3
10.9
23.2
9.3
100.0
55.4
13.0
42.4
10.5
24.1
10.0
100.0
54.0
11.5
42.5
9.1
26.1
10.7
100.0
52.3
11.8
40.5
11.8
25.9
10.0
100.0
54.2
12.1
42.0
12.3
23.0
10.5
100.0
53.9
11.6
42.3
11.3
24.3
10.5
4.2
.7
1.5
.6
4.3
.8
1.6
.6
3.9
.7
1.5
.7
4.1
.8
1.7
.7
4.0
.8
1.8
.7
3.8
.6
1.8
.8
3.7
.8
1.8
.7
3.8
.9
1.6
3.6
.8
1.7
.7
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
«
»
«
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
_
Reentrants
„
New entrants ....
-..
„....
_
....
_
'.
-
„
„
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
„
..
_
„
„
„
7
Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally
adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data
Quarterly averages
1902
Measure
U-1 Person* unemployed 15weefcsorkingerasaperoeMof thecMIan
tabor force
..
~
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the crvllan labor force
II
2.5
2.6
4.2
6.2
4.1
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian
labor force for persons 25 years and over
....
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time cfvilan
labor force
„
«
U-5* Total unemployed M a percent oftfwlabor force,
inducing to leeldsnt Armed Forcee
_
I
-
7.0
-».••
U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of tfte civilian labor
force
.•«.
U-6 Total full-time jobeeekers plus 1/2 part-time Jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor
force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force
8.0
72
7.3
-»
9.9
U-7 Total ful-time Jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on pan time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
1/2 of the part-time labor force
10.7
N.A. - not available.
1993
1993
Mar.
IV
I
2.8
2.8
2.5
Z5
2.4
2.3
4.3
4.1
3.7
a7
3.8
3.8
6.2
6.1
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.7
7.2
7.3
7.0
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.6
7.4
7.4
7.2
6.9
6.9
8.9
6.9
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
10.0
10.1
9.9
9.5
9.5
9.4
10.8
11.0
10.7
10.3
N.A.
NA
III
Feb.
Apr.
9.6
N.A.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by sex and age,
asonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Sex and age
Unemployment rates1
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 24 years
„
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
,
20 to 24 years
,
25 years and over „
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
9,225
2,797
1,288
593
697
1,509
6,416
5.667
721
8.864
2,767
1,318
662
663
1.449
6,058
5,407
637
8,925
2.850
1.414
600
814
1,436
6.049
5.406
626
7.3
13.8
19.4
22.5
17.4
11.0
6.0
6.2
4.7
7.3
13.9
19.2
21.8
17.8
11.3
6.0
6.3
4.6
7.1
14.0
19.7
24.0
16.2
11.1
5.8
6.0
4.5
7.0
14.0
19.6
21.3
18.3
11.2
5.6
5.8
4.3
7.0
13.6
19.5
24.3
16.4
10.6
5.7
5.9
4.2
7.0
14.0
20.7
22.9
19.4
10.6
5.7
5.9
4.1
Men, 16 years and over..
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,266
1.608
727
330
396
881
3,669
3,196
453
5.160
1.553
725
355
377
828
3.572
3.133
414
5.079
1.657
839
336
500
818
3.423
3.025
384
7.6
15.1
20.9
23.9
18.9
12.2
6.3
6.5
5.1
7.5
14.7
20.5
22.6
19.3
11.8
6.2
6.4
5.1
7.1
14.7
20.9
26.0
16.7
11.8
5.8
6.0
4.6
7.2
14.5
20.6
23.0
18.9
11.4
5.9
6.1
4.5
7.4
14.4
20.2
24.1
17.7
11.5
6.1
6.3
4.8
7.3
15.5
23.2
24.4
22.3
11.5
5.8
6.0
4.5
Women. 16 years and over .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
3.959
1,189
561
263
301
628
2.747
2,471
268
3,704
1.214
593
307
286
621
2.485
2.274
222
3.B46
1.193
575
264
314
618
2.626
2.381
242
6.9
12.3
17.7
21.0
15.8
9.7
5.7
6.0
4.0
7.0
13.0
17.7
21.0
16.2
10.6
5.8
6.2
3.9
7.0
13.1
18.5
21.7
15.6
10.4
5.8
6.0
4.3
6.7
13.4
18.6
19.4
17.6
10.8
5.3
5.5
4.0
6.4
12.7
18.8
24.6
15.0
9.7
5.1
5.4
3.4
6.6
12.4
13.0
21.2
16.1
9.6
5.4
5.7
3.7
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Table A-9. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not sea:
lly adjusted
{Numbers in thousands)
CiviUan labor force
Civilian
Veteran status
and age
Unemployed
Total
population
Errployed
Number
Apr.
1992
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Apr.
1993
7.B53
6,318
981
2.773
2.564
1,535
7,920
6.027
7B2
2.356
2.889
1.893
7.067
5,932
902
2.597
2.432
1.135
7.076
5,634
725
2.207
2.701
1.442
6.715
5,630
849
2.470
2,312
1,064
6,655
5,277
653
2,074
2,550
1.377
352
302
54
127
121
51
19.032
8.565
6,128
4,340
20.170
8.986
6.678
4,507
17.707
8.103
5.674
3,930
18,719
8,434
6,225
4,060
16.655
7,583
5,376
3,695
17,706
7,964
5,881
3,841
1.052
520
297
235
Apr.
1992
Percent of
labor force
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Apr.
1993
421
356
72
133
151
65
5.0
5.1
5.9
4.9
5.0
4.5
6.0
6.3
100
6.0
5.6
4.5
1.013
450
344
219
5.9
6.4
52
6.0
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years „
„
35to39 years
. ...„
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over
»
»
NONVETERANS
Total 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years .
-
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7. 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
never served in the Armed Forces.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
22,818
14,862
13,665
1,197
8.1
23,291
15,217
13,741
1,476
9.7
23,312
15,201
13,917
1,284
8.4
22,818
14,987
13,764
1,222
8.2
23,167
15,366
13,863
1,503
9.8
23,205
15,242
13,801
1,441
9.5
23,247
15,405
13,899
1,506
9.8
23,291
15,342
13,894
1,447
9.4
23,312
15,330
14,017
1,312
8.6
10,543
6,446
5,934
513
8.0
10,769
6,637
6,192
445
6.7
10,780
6,619
6,207
413
6.2
10,543
6,510
5,968
543
8.3
10,710
6,586
6,109
477
7.2
10,729
6,644
6,125
519
7.8
10,748
6,714
6,263
451
6.7
10,769
6,668
6,206
462
6.9
10,780
6,690
6,246
443
6.6
8,954
6,023
5,549
475
7.9
9,004
6,038
5,516
522
8.6
9,009
5,995
5,510
485
8.1
8,954
6,057
5,578
478
7.9
8,992
6,205
5,773
432
7.0
8,995
6,061
5,668
393
6.5
8,999
6,039
5,560
479
7.9
9,004
6,069
5,560
510
8.4
9,009
6,030
5,540
490
8.1
4,628
3,089
2,823
266
8.6
4,637
3,171
2,930
242
7.6
4,635
3,101
2,897
204
6.6
4,628
3,106
2,843
263
8.5
4,635
3,139
2,868
271
8.6
4,635
3,200
2,937
264
8.2
4,635
3,143
2,901
241
7.7
4,637
3,170
2,966
204
6.4
4,635
3,121
2,919
202
6.5
7,032
4,492
4,069
422
9.4
7,056
4,529
4,205
324
7.1
7,059
4,546
4,236
310
6.8
7,032
4,580
4,157
424
9.3
7,051
4,609
4,239
369
8.0
7,052
4,590
4,264
326
7.1
7,053
4,584
4,274
309
6.8
7,056
4,548
4,259
289
6.3
7,059
4,632
4,324
308
6.7
6,025
4,005
3,706
299
7.5
6,030
3,942
3,606
336
8.5
6,031
3,914
3,575
339
8.7
6,025
4,028
3,710
318
7.9
6,030
4,008
3,676
332
8.3
6,030
3,930
3,640
290
7.4
6,029
3,915
3,609
306
7.8
6,030
3,922
3,597
325
8.3
6,031
3,934
3.576
358
9.1
13,805
8,469
7,815
654
7.7
13,821
8,542
7,891
651
7.6
13,822
8,510
7,910
599
7.0
13,805
8,523
7,868
655
7.7
13,820
8,584
7,858
726
8.5
13,819
8,607
7,877
731
8.5
13,819
8,635
7,946
688
8.0
13,821
8,614
7,985
629
7.3
13,822
8,559
7,960
598
7.0
California
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian non institutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Seasonally adjusted2
Apr.
1992
Mar.
1993
Apr.
1993
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
1993
Apr.
1993
5,112
3.407
3,226
181
5.3
5,176
3.457
3,268
190
5.5
5,183
3,458
3,275
183
5.3
5.112
3,452
3,261
191
5.5
5,160
3,521
3.325
197
5.6
5.165
3.524
3,332
192
5.4
5.170
3,504
3,321
183
5.2
5,176
3,506
3.319
187
5.3
5.183
3,504
3,311
193
5.5
8.334
5.422
5,040
382
7.0
8,367
5,438
5,040
398
7.3
8,373
5.416
5.063
353
6.5
8,334
5.471
5.087
385
7.0
8,360
5.439
5,043
395
7.3
8,362
5,508
5.122
386
7.0
8,364
5.495
5.126
369
6.7
8,367
5.483
5.126
357
6.5
8,373
5.463
5.108
355
6.5
9 436
5,915
5,448
467
7.9
9.469
5,901
5,478
423
7.2
9,472
5,902
5,496
406
6.9
9,436
5,959
5,502
457
7.7
9,462
6,031
5,588
442
7.3
9,464
6,024
5,570
453
7.5
9,466
6,008
5.586
422
7.0
9,469
5,975
5.564
411
6.9
9,472
5,948
5,553
394
6.6
12,661
8.735
8.067
648
7.4
12.822
8,677
8.098
580
6.7
12,840
8.730
8.138
592
6.8
12,661
8,727
8,088
639
7.3
12,781
8,798
8.124
674
7.7
12.793
8,762
8,081
682
7.8
12,807
8,716
8,060
656
7.5
12,822
8,713
8,124
589
6.8
12.840
8.716
8,133
Mar.
North Caroline
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
.
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstifutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed '.
Unemployed ..
UnemDtovment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional oooulation
Civilian labor force
Employed
UnemDloved
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Emotoved
Unemployed
1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics1 estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore.
583
6.7
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table EM. Employees on nonfann payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total.
Apr.
1992
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
1993P
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr.
1993P
108,140 107,873 108,304 109,038 108,377 108,752 108,865 109,203 109,194 109,313
Total private
89,248
88,895
89,221
89,967
89,835
90,067
90,201
90,511
90,494
90,601
Goods-producing industries.
23,252
22,719
22,747
22,933
23,530
23,263
23,267
23,374
23,293
23,214
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
641
358.2
592
336.7
597
334.4
599
331.8
646
363
619
346
616
347
605
340
607
338
603
334
Construction
General building contractors.
4,448
4,191
1,062.3 1,023.1
4,226
1,019.8
4,432
1,049.3
4,605
1,108
4,582
1,084
4,559
1,086
4,657
1,100
4,598
1,088
4,588
1.094
Manufacturing
Production workers .
18,163
12,309
17,936
12,192
17,924
12,199
17,902
12,192
18,279
12,412
18,062
12,284
18,092
12,342
18,112
12,351
18,088
12,338
18,023
12,291
Durable goods
Production workers .
10,369
6,871
10,177
6,785
10,171
6,790
10,155
6,788
10,409
6,903
10,238
6,822
10,265
6,867
10,274
6,869
10,246
6,850
10,198
6,819
675.2
465.9
515.7
682.4
463.2
503.4
690.1
243.7
1,321.4
684.3
463.5
506.1
688.5
243.0
1,321.4
1,933.9
681.8
688
467
520
708
257
1,341
1,949
1,557
1,859
821
952
368
697
462
696
463
517
694
244
1,331
1,936
1,540
1,805
874
702
466
521
694
465
519
693
245
1,323
1,933
1,537
1,788
823
692
244
1,335
1,930
1,548
1,770
832
921
365
920
363
704
467
524
694
245
1,335
1,932
1,545
1,791
843
917
365
915
367
688
243
1,331
1,930
1,544
1,748
817
914
366
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
706.0
255.3
1,333.3
1,947.4
463.3
513.2
685.4
242.2
1,322.0
1,930.4
1,934.1
1,549.5 1,537.4 1,539.2 1,535.9
1,769.3 1,757.5 1,747.9
518
1,860.7
823.1
949.7
822.2
915.6
819.9
913.2
365.5
360.2
363.8
819.9
911.6
363.3
7,794
5,438
7,759
5,407
7,753
5,409
7,747
5,404
7,870
5,509
7,824
5,462
7,827
5,475
7,838
5,482
7,842
5,488
7,825
5,472
1,621.8
46.1
678.3
1,022.7
684.4
1,616.9
1,610.5
1,671
49
1,675
678
676
1,000.1
680.3
1,518.9
1,063.2
147.8
889.0
119.5
995.7
678.5
1,517.8
1,063.4
1,004
686
1,520
1,004
685
1,515
149.9
892.3
119.1
1,068
151
883
121
1,068
152
887
120
48
678
1,004
685
1,520
1.065
152
891
120
1,676
48
676
1,003
685
1,664
44.9
674.5
1,677
50
682
1,023
689
1,521
1,072
157
876
123
1,664
46.4
670.5
1,068.5
155.0
873.4
122.6
1,621.6
49.8
673.3
1,001.4
680.7
1,518.6
1,062.2
147.9
883.8
119.2
84,888
85,154
85.557
86,105
84,847
85,489
85,598
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities
5,702
3,488
2,214
5,697
3,499
2,198
5,706
3,506
2,200
5,721
3,524
2,197
5,746
3,523
2,223
5,742
3,531
2,211
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
5,968
3,441
2,527
5,939
3,408
2,531
5.961
3,420
2,541
5,983
3,429
2,554
5,993
3,451
2,542
18,909
2,249.4
3,155.3
1,993.0
6,424.8
18,858
2,191.2
3,153.5
2,020.0
6,399.8
18,916
2,162.0
3,144.1
2,032.8
6,510.8
19,111
2,148.2
3,150.7
2,052.4
6,644.2
6,653
3,220
2,147
1,286
6,624
3,251
2,115
1,258
6,638
3,258
2,116
1,264
28,764
5,169.8
8,395.3
29,058
5,358.0
8,597.5
29,253
5,417.7
8,616.4
Nondurable goods
Production workers .
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products...
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services .
Health services
See footnotes at end of table.
1,520.8
49
1,066
151
896
121
48
678
997
683
1,519
1,067
151
898
120
85,829
85,901
86,099
5,763
3,550
2,213
5,771
3,560
2,211
5,770
3,559
2,211
5,768
3,560
2,208
5,970
3,418
2,552
5,995
3,431
2,564
6,002
3,432
2,570
6,009
3,437
2,572
6,008
3,439
2,569
19.177
2,338
3,194
2,007
6,470
19,162
2,255
3,168
2,034
6,579
19,227
2,228
3,176
2,041
6,621
19,361
2,261
3,189
2,055
6,653
19,342
2,252
3,189
2,060
6,664
19,363
2,233
3,183
2,067
6,691
6,668
3,267
2,115
1,286
6,682
3,230
2.149
1,303
6,677
3,251
2,124
1,302
6,682
3,264
2,116
1,302
6,681
3,261
2,115
1,305
6,680
3,265
2,116
1,299
6,697
3,277
2,117
1,303
29,551
5,498.3
8,645.1
28,707
5,233
8,412
29,253
5,458
8,580
29,267
5,445
8,589
29,322
5,479
8,615
29,400
5,517
8,625
29,551
5,565
8,662
1,520
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by Industry ~ Continued
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Federal
State
Local
Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
1992
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr
1993P
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr.
1993P
18,892
2,977
4,473
11t442
18,978
2,928
4,495
11,555
19,083
2,926
4,520
11,637
19,071
2,921
4,526
11,624
18,542
2,986
4,360
11,196
18,685
2,971
4,389
11,325
18,664
2,943
4,394
11,327
18,692
2,943
4,398
11,351
18,700
2,935
4,401
11,364
18,712
2,927
4,411
11,374
P * preliminary.
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonfarm payrolls by Industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total private
Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
1993P
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr
1993P
34.0
34.2
34.3
34.3
34.5
34.4
34.3
34.4
44.2
43.7
44.3
43.8
43.4
43.9
Apr.
1992
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
34.2
34.2
43.6
43.6
43.0
43.4
38.2
36.6
37.4
37.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
40.4
3.4
41.1
3.8
40.9
3.7
40.9
3.9
41.1
3.9
41.2
3.9
41.4
4.0
41.5
4.2
41.2
3.9
41.5
4.3
41.0
3.3
41.7
3.9
41.7
3.8
41.6
4.0
41.5
3.8
41.8
3.9
42.0
4.1
42.2
4.4
41.9
4.1
42.2
4.6
40.4
39.0
42.1
42.6
43.3
40.8
41.6
40.5
41.1
41.4
40.6
39.4
40.3
39.6
41.4
43.5
43.9
41.7
42.8
41.6
42.2
43.2
41.0
39.5
40.2
39.7
41.4
43.4
43.9
41.5
42.8
41.4
42.5
43.8
41.1
39.7
40.3
39.8
42.1
43.6
44.1
41.3
42.6
41.3
41.9
43.0
41.0
39.8
40.6
40.0
42.4
43.2
44.0
41.3
42.1
41.0
41.8
43.2
40.9
39.9
40.4
39.9
42.1
43.4
43.6
41.8
42.6
41.5
42.4
43.5
41.1
39.8
40.5
40.2
42.2
43.7
44.0
42.0
42.9
41.7
42.6
43.7
41.4
39.8
41.0
40.4
42.5
44.0
44.6
42.2
42.9
41.9
42.6
44.4
40.9
39.9
40.4
40.1
42.1
43.8
44.5
41.8
42.8
41.5
42.8
44.5
41.1
39.7
40.6
40.2
42.5
44.2
44.7
42.0
43.2
42.0
42.8
44.7
41.5
40.4
39.7
3.4
40.2
3.6
40.0
3.5
40.1
3.7
40.6
4.1
40.5
3.9
40.7
3.9
40.7
4.1
40.3
3.8
40.6
4.0
39.7
38.0
40.1
35.9
43.1
37.5
43.1
43.5
41.3
36.8
40.0
37.3
41.1
37.3
43.3
37.9
42.8
43.9
41.9
39.0
39.9
35.9
39.5
37.0
43.0
38.2
42.8
43.5
41.6
38.5
39.3
35.4
41.2
36.3
43.3
38.2
42.9
44.6
41.8
38.5
40.7
(2)
41.4
37.2
44.0
38.0
43.1
(2)
42.3
38.0
40.6
(2)
41.5
37.4
43.4
38.0
42.9
(2)
41.9
38.6
40.6
(2)
41.8
37.6
43.5
38.2
43.0
(2)
42.2
39.5
40.8
(2)
41.9
37.6
43.8
38.1
43.0
(2)
42.2
39.6
40.5
(2)
40.0
37.2
43.4
38.1
42.9
(2)
41.9
39.0
40.6
(2)
42.0
37.1
43.6
38.5
42.9
(2)
41.8
39.0
Transportation and public utilities
38.2
39.1
39.2
39.2
38.2
39.1
39.5
39.4
39.6
39.3
Wholesale trade
38.2
37.9
37.8
38.0
38.3
38.0
38.2
38.1
37.9
38.1
Retail trade
28.6
28.2
27.8
28.5
28.6
28.7
28.8
28.8
28.2
28.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate
35.7
35.7
35.5
35.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services
32.3
32.3
32.3
32.3
32.4
32.3
32.4
32.3
32.4
32.4
Mining
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Stone clav and class oroducts
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal Droducts
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Motor vehicles and eauioment
Instruments and related Droducts
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred Droducts
Tobacco products
Textile mill Droducts
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied Droducts
Prtntina and Dublishino.
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc plastics products
Leather and leather products
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for
approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted since the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
P * preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
1
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Total private
Seasonally adjusted
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
. Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Apr.
1992
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr.
1993P
$10.81
10.79
$360.47
360.84
$368.68
$367.20
370.10
$369.70
371.18
14.66
14.80
633.07
630.38
642.32
14.07
14.23
14.21
535.56
532.20
535.72
11.41
11.61
11.63
11.71
460.96
475.67
478.94
11.95
9.35
8.91
11.60
13.64
15.88
11.40
12.30
10.98
14.97
15.20
11.88
9.13
12.20
12.20
9.48
9.11
11.73
12.26
9.46
9.14
9.33
489.95
377.74
347.49
488.36
581.06
687.60
465.12
511.68
444.69
615.27
629.28
482.33
359.72
508.74
382.85
360.36
484.79
601.61
712.94
481.22
540.99
462.18
652.83
672.62
497.74
367.75
508.74
381.10
361.67
485.62
598.05
708.55
478.50
539.71
459.95
662.15
690.29
501.01
368.02
510.02
381.24
363.77
498.46
609.09
724.56
480.32
540.17
462.15
653.64
678.54
502.25
371.33
10.71
10.20
17.25
8.56
6.98
10.85
10.28
16.13
8.82
7.04
11.00
10.45
17.56
8.91
7.10
13.43
11.88
14.81
18.82
10.64
7.58
425.19
404.94
655.50
343.26
250.58
561.16
436.50
620.21
779.52
426.63
274.90
436.17
411.20
601.65
362.50
262.59
571.56
448.74
629.59
806.00
441.63
290.94
435.20
411.77
606.71
346.02
260.85
569.32
453.43
627.45
814.32
436.80
288.75
441.10
415.91
621.62
367.09
257.73
581.52
453.82
635.35
839.37
444.75
291.83
13.65
513.03
532.54
536.65
535.08
11.72
433.19
440.40
438.48
445.36
7.27
203.63
204.73
201.83
207.20
11.20
383.78
399.84
39,6.54
398.72
10.77
339.15
349.49
348.84
347.87
Apr
1992
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr.
1993P
$10.54
10.52
$10.78
10.76
$10.80
10.79
14.52
14.57
14.02
Finance, insurance, and real estate
11.54
12.64
11.11
15.47
15.57
12.14
9.31
13.78
16.14
11.53
12.61
11.11
15.58
15.76
12.19
9.27
10.88
10.32
16.90
14.39
17.92
11.84
14.71
18.36
10.33
10.54
7.47
7.46
7.50
13.43
13.62
13.69
11.34
11.62
11.60
7.12
7.26
7.26
10.75
11.20
11.17
13.02
11.64
Wholesale trade
Services
9.10
11.71
13.83
16.24
8.76
7.05
13.24
11.87
14.66
18.72
10.50
Transportation and public utilities
Retail trade
9.50
10.50
13.20
10.82
See footnote 1, table B-2.
10.80
11.84
13.97
16.43
11.63
12.68
11.19
15.60
15.78
12.25
370.14
635.25
514.96
477.17
= preliminary.
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
Industry, seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime4
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
Apr.
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr.
1993P
$10.52
7.41
14.46
14.03
11.42
10.93
13.43
11.29
7.09
10.68
10.46
$10.69
7.40
14.46
14.16
11.57
11.04
13.57
11.47
7.20
11.00
10.66
$10.73
7.40
14.54
14.12
11.60
11.09
13.58
11.59
7.22
11.10
10.73
$10.76
7.40
14.48
14.14
11.64
11.09
13.57
11.59
7.25
11.11
10.74
$10.79
7.40
14.60
14.26
11.64
11.11
13.72
11.60
7.25
11.13
10.76
$10.79
See footnote 1, table B-2.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners
and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this
series.
3
Change was .0 percent from February 1993 to March
2
NA
14.74
14.24
11.71
11.13
13.65
11.68
7.26
11.14
10.73
Percent
change
from:
Mar. 1993
Apr. 1993
0.0
(3)
1.0
-.1
.6
.2
-.5
.7
.1
.1
-.3
1993, the latest month available.
4
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at
the rate of time and one-half.
N A - not available.
P .preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonfartn payrolls
by Industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total private
Goods-producing industries
,
Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr.
1993P
Apr,
1992
Dec.
1992
Jan.
1993
Feb.
1993
Mar.
1993P
Apr.
1993P
119.2 118.8
118.9
120.8
120.7
121.3
122.0
122.4
121.8
122.3
100.4
103.6
102.6
103.0
104.0
103.1
103.1
57.6
54.7
55.3
53.5
53.0
53.1
Apr.
1992
100.7
98.8
99.2
56.3
51.7
51.4
52.2
Construction
116.6 104.2
107.5
114.9
121.9
120.0
117.8
122.8
121.9
120.3
Manufacturing
100.3 101.0
100.7
100.6
102.8
102.1
103.1
103.4
102.5
102.8
100.0
122.6
115.7
101.8
87.3
73.5
102.5
92.3
101.2
115.1
143.2
100.4
99.5
125.8
116.9
104.3
87.9
74.5
103.2
123.3
99.8
122.2
116.0
102.5
87.6
74.2
102.4
93.1
102.7
110.5
137.0
79.5
100.0
Mining
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
98.1
98.2
97.8
99.2
98.8
118.3 119.3
119.2
114.0
121.4
116.0
122.5
112.8 113.8
101.7 96.8
86.1 86.4
74.8 72.8
99.0 100.6
89.4 92.3
98.7 101.0
110.7 109.7
125.4 131.7
80.5 78.4
97.9 96.1
119.0
114.3
100.7
86.1
72.8
99.9
91.9
100.3
108.1
103.3
87.6
76.6
101.1
102.1
86.5
104.1 105.0
104.3
104.9
97.5
104.4 105.7
63.7 69.6
96.9 98.0
90.3 91.7
97.5
86.1
72.9
100.2
92.4
100.9
109.9
133.0
78.4
97.6
60.9
108.3 108.1
122.1 122.8
99.6 97.8
83.8 80.3
93.8
91.1
107.5
124.1
98.4
79.9
125.7 129.5
132.0
78.3
97.6
104.6
104.1
58.1
98.5
89.1
107.9
90.5
100.2
112.6
131.0
81.3
99.9
107.8
112.1
72.7
100.6
93.6
111.3
123.5
114.5
72.8
100.9
91.5
100.9
110.8
132.5
78.9
98.1
106.7
79.5
97.4
139.5
78.5
98.4
98.6
107.7
112.3
106.6
111.5
64.7
92.4
102.3
112.9
83.0
129.2
92.8
110.4
123.6
98.5
84.2
131.8
99.8
92.3
1092
123.2
98.1
102.3
87.5
74.3
102.1
92.0
101.7
111.8
137.7
78.5
107.4
111.6
71.2
100.2
93.0
109.7
123.5
98.5
86.1
131.1
110.9
72.2
116.0
68.4
100.6
95.6
91.9
109.4
123.8
98.8
107.1
110.7
65.2
100.9
91.2
109.5
124.8
99.0
129.6
124.0
98.7
82.6
131.0
99.8
84.8
129.5
57.4
56.9
56.5
59.0
57.5
58.2
59.0
58.1
57.5
127.5 127.8
127.7
129.9
128.4
129.6
130.6
130.6
130.1
130.9
111.0 113.8
114.3
114.7
112.0
114.9
116.6
116.6
117.1
116.0
112.0 111.0
111.1
112.2
112.9
112.0
113.1
113.0
112.5
113.1
118.2
120.2
56.4
62.9
131.7
83.1
131.9
116.9 115.0
113.7
117.6
118.8
119.2
120.1
120.9
118.5 118.1
117.8
118.8
118.3
118.9
119.8
119.1
118.8
118.6
147.2 148.9
149.6
151.5
147.6
149.8
150.5
150.2
151.0
151.7
P * preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
59.1
37.9
43.5
55.1
58.8
37.6
47.9
61.5
53.8
36.1
47.5
P48.O
46.9
41.3
58.4
P51.8
49.3
50.7
51.4
47.8
45.1
45.2
43.5
48.7
49.6
41.4
51.4
42.6
40.3
50.0
49.9
40.2
47.1
50.1
38.2
46.8
49.7
37.1
46.9
53.7
Over 3-month span:
1990
1991 tt%
1992
1993
61.2
31.3
44.8
62.4
61.1
28.7
44.1
P59.3
54.8
31.7
53.2
P55.9
48.0
38.3
54.9
45.6
41.0
54.4
45.2
45.6
47.6
40.9
48.0
41.6
35.7
51.4
44.4
33.8
48.5
44.1
33.1
46.3
48.2
32.6
44.4
51.8
32.3
42.7
55.2
Over 6-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
56.6
27.9
47.8
P57.3
55.1
29.2
50.6
54.2
28.2
49.7
50.0
33.0
51.1
43.7
38.9
47.3
39.0
44.0
49.3
37.2
47.2
42.8
34.7
46.3
42.0
31.9
46.9
46.2
30.6
46.1
47.6
29.1
44.0
57.2
27.9
43.4
P56.7
53.7
27.4
49.2
51.4
28.5
44.1
48.9
28.1
45.2
46.6
29.9
43.8
43.0
32.2
44.9
40.0
33.4
45.6
37.1
35.7
47.6
33.7
39.0
54.5
32.3
42.8
P51.7
30.6
46.3
P50.0
28.9
47.6
27.7
47.8
Over 12-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
47.8
35.6
39.6
52.2
51.1
33.5
43.9
56.8
48.2
30.6
43.2
P43.9
45.3
40.6
57.6
P40.3
41.7
46.0
46.4
42.8
43.9
42.4
39.9
49.6
51.4
36.7
50.7
36.7
34.2
42.8
45.7
33.5
46.4
39.2
29.5
45.3
51.1
31.7
46.0
48.9
Over 3-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
48.6
23.4
37.8
56.8
49.3
21.6
36.3
P55.4
48.6
21.6
48.9
P45.0
41.0
32.4
49.3
37.8
36.3
50.4
37.1
43.5
46.4
32.4
52.2
35.6
27.7
49.6
36.7
25.2
46.4
31.7
21.9
42.4
40.6
19.8
42.1
43.2
22.7
37.4
52.2
Over 6-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
45.3
17.3
41.4
P50.7
41.4
20.5
43.2
41.7
21.9
41.4
42.8
25.9
47.8
33.1
34.9
41.7
29.5
40.6
42.4
23.7
45.3
29.9
21.2
44.6
30.9
18.7
45.3
33.1
19.4
39.9
35.3
18.0
36.0
49.3
16.2
36.0
P50.4
35.3
17.6
42.8
32.7
19.4
32.4
31.7
18.0
34.9
32.7
19,4
30.6
26.3
24.1
32.4
23.4
25.2
33.8
23.0
25.9
35.3
19.4
28.8
43.5
18.3
37.4
P40.3
15.8
40.6
P36.7
14.7
41.4
15,5
38.1
Over 12-month span:
1990
1991
1992
1993
1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3*, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P * preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,
where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment.
@FedFRASER