Full text of The Employment Situation : April 1991

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News

Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information:
Media contact:

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212

(202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
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USDL 91-205
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN- THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDAY,
MAY 3, 1991

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 1991
The decline in nonfarm payroll employment moderated in April, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
After 2 months of steep increases, the civilian worker unemployment rate
fell from 6.8 to 6.6 percent.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the survey of
establishments—decreased by 125,000, considerably less than the declines
of the previous 6 months. In contrast, total civilian employment—as
measured by the survey of households—showed an unusually large increase in
April.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons declined by 300,000 in April. At 8.3
million, seasonally adjusted, the number of jobless persons was still more
than half a million higher than at the beginning of this year and 1.4
million higher than last July, when the current recession began. The
civilian worker unemployment rate, which had risen sharply in February and
March, fell by 0.2 percentage point in April to 6.6 percent. The jobless
rate now stands 1.1 percentage points higher than in July. (See table
A-2.)
Unemployment rates for adult men (6.2 percent), adult women (5.5
percent), whites (5.8 percent), and Hispanics (9.0 percent) were down
somewhat in April, while the rates for teenagers (18.1 percent) and blacks
(12.6 percent) were little changed. Jobless rates for all major worker
groups remained substantially higher than they were in mid-1990. (See
tables A-2 and A-3.)
The number of persons unemployed because they had lost, their laBt jobs
decreased by 175,000 in April, after rising steadily since last summer.
Job losers still account for 55 percent of the total unemployed, as they
did in February and March. The number of workers unemployed for less than
15 weeks also declined over the month, and both the average and median
duration of unemployment rose slightly. (See tables A-6 and A-7.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
At 117.4 million, seasonally adjusted, total civilian employment nose
by 640,000 in April but was still about half a million below the level <*£
last July. About half of the April increase was in self-employment.
Reflecting the unusually large over-the-month gain in employment, the



Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly
averages
Category

1990

Monthly data

1991
Feb.

IV

Mar.

Apr.

Thousands of persons

HOUSEHOLD DMA

Labor force 1/
Total employment If,
Civilian labor force,.
Civilian employment.
Unemployment
Not in labor force..,.
Discouraged workers.

Mar.Apr.
change

1991

126,5251
119,1651
124,9241
117,5641
7,360!
63,772!
941!

126,572!
118,424!
125,013!
116,865!
8,149!
64,099!
997!

126,678!
118,520!
125,076!
116,918!
8,158!
64,039!
N.A.!

126,786!
118,214!
125,3261
116,7541
8,572!
63,917!
N.A.I

127,128!
118,854!
125,672!
117,398!
8,274!
63,708!
N.A,!

342
640
346
644
-298
-209
N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin...

5.8!
5.9!
5,4!
5.1!
16.4!
5.1!
12.0:
8.7!

6.4!
6.5!
6.1!
5.5!
18.0!
5.81
12.1!
9.7!

6.8!
6.8!
6.5!
5,7!
18.7!
6.21
12.3!
10.3!

6.4!
6.5!
6,3!
5.4!
17. i:
5.9!
11.8!
9.5!

6.5!
6.6!
6.2!
5.5!
18.1!
5.8!
12,6!
9.0!

-0,3
-.2
-.3
-.2
-.6
-.4
.3
-1.3

ESTABLISHMENT E M A

Thousands of jobs

Nonfarm employment....
Goods-producing
Service-producing...

110,200!plO9,542! 109,527!plO9,286! pl09,162!p-124
24,568! p24,0531 24,068! p23,899! p23,833! p-66
85,632! p85,489! 85,459! p85,387! p85,3291 p-58
Hours of work

Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.41
40.6:
3.6!

p34.2!
P40.31
p3.3l

1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
N.A.=not available.




34.3!
40.3!
3.31

p34.2!
p40.1!
P 3.2!

P 34.1!p-0.1

p40.2t
P 3.3!

p.l
p.l

p=prel iminary.

- 3 enployment-population ratio—the proportion of the working-age population
with jobs—rose by 0.3 percentage point to 62.0 percent, about where it
stood in January. (See table A-2.)
The civilian labor force rose by 350,000 over the month to 125.7
million. Over the past 12 months, the labor force has grown by 900,000,
with all of the increase among adults. The labor force participation
rate—the proportion of working-age persons either employed or actively
seeking enployment—was 66.4 percent in April, about the same as a year
earlier. (See table A-2.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll enployment declined by 125,000 in April to 109.2
million. This decline was only half the average of the prior 3 months and
was less widespread, as the index of diffusion was at its highest level in
7 months. Since the beginning of the recession in July of 1990, the number
of payroll jobs has fallen by 1.6 million. (See tables B-l and B-6.)
Manufacturing employment decreased by 40,000 in April, considerably
less than the average of 115,000 in the previous 5 months. Most
manufacturing industries showed only small movements, but large losses
occurred in industrial machinery and transportation equipment other than
autos (especially aircraft). The auto industry added nearly 15,000
workers, reflecting the resumption of production by some plants following
inventory control shutdowns.
Deployment in construction was down by 20,000 in April, as hiring fell
short of seasonal expectations for the second straight month. This
industry has lost half a million jobs since last May.
The number of retail trade jobs declined by 40,000 in April, following
a combined loss of 180,000 in February and March. Job losses in wholesale
trade, an industry closely tied to construction and manufacturing, totaled
15,000 in April and 145,000 since the beginning of last summer.
Deployment in transportation and public utilities was little changed
in April, after declining by 50,000 in the prior 7 months. In finance, the
number of jobs increased for the first time since last August.
In the services industry, while the overall April change was quite
small, business services gained employment for the first time since last
September. Health services added 40,000 jobs, close to its average growth
pace of the past 2 years.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in April to 34.1 hours,
seasonally adjusted, 0.4 hour less than last July. The manufacturing
workweek and factory overtime both increased by 0.1 hour over the month to
40.2 hours and 3.3 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)




- 4 The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisory workers decreased by 0.3 percent to 121.0 (1982=100) in
April, seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing was little changed
at 100.0. That index was down by 7 percent since the recession began.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers increased by 0.5 percent to $10.29, seasonally adjusted, in April.
Average weekly earnings increased by 0.2 percent to $350.89. Prior to
seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings edged up by 5 cents and
average weekly earnings were up by $2.73. Over the past year, average
hourly earnings increased by 3.3 percent and average weekly earnings by 2.4
percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)
Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
The Employment Situation news release of data for May will
introduce revisions in the establishment-based series on
nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the
regular annual benchmark adjustments and updated seasonal
adjustment factors.

The Employment Situation for May 1991 will be released on Friday, June
7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 340,000 establishments employing over
40 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th» which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People arc classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-8 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonfarm firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonally may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are also
calculated twice a year. In both surveys, revisions to historical
data are made once a year.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.

Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P t and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, Including Armed Forces In the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

189,326
125,473
66.3
119,016

62.9
1,657
117,359
3,102
114,257
6,457
5.1
63,853

190,703
125,903
66.0
117,099
61.4
1,460
115,639
2,849
112,790
8,804
7.0
64,800

190,836
126,183
66.1
118,134
61.9
1,456
116,678
3,110
113.568
8,049
6.4
64,652

189,326
126,438
66.8
119,747
632
1,657
118,090
3,140
114,950
6,691
5.3
62,888

190,483
126,791
66.6
119,191
62.6
1,617
117,574
3,253
114^21
7,600
6.0
63,692

190,592
126.253
66.2
118,537
622
1,615
116,922
3,163
113,759
7,715
6.1
64339

190,717
126,678
66.4
118,520
62.1
1,602
116,918
3,222
113,696
8,158
6.4
64,039

190,703
126,786
66.5
118.214
62.0
1,460
116,754
3,098
113,656
8,572
6.8
63.917

190,836
127,128
66.6
118,854
62.3
1,456
117,398
3,156
114,243
8(274
6.5
63,708

90,942
69,158
76.0
65,492
72.0
1,499
63,993
3,666
5.3

91,587
69,342
75.7
63,973
69.8
1,314
62,659
5,360
7.7

91,652
69,356
757
64,568
70.4
1,310
63,258
4,788
6.9

90,942
69,697
76.6
66,035
72.6
1,499
64,536
3,662
5.3

91,537
70,058
76.5
65,781
71.9
1,454
64327
4,277
6.1

91,590
69,543
75.9
65.251
712
1,453
63.798
4,292
62

91,650
69,749
76.1
65,043
71.0
1.439
63,604
4,706
6.7

91,587
69.808
762
64346
70.8
1314
63,532
4,962
7.1

91,652
69,855
762
65,112
71.0
1,310
63,802
4,743
6.8

98,333
56,315
572
53324
54.4
158
53,366
2,790
5.0

99.116
56,561
57.1
53,126
53.6
146
52,980
3,435
6.1

99,184
56,827
573
53,566
54.0
146
53,420
3,261
5.7

98,363
56,741
57.7
53,712
54.6
158
53,554
3,029

98,946
56,733
573
53,410
54.0
163
53,247
3323
5.9

99,002
56,710
573
53^7
53.8
162
53,125
3,423
6.0

99,067
56,929
57.5
53,477
54.0
163
53314
3,452
6.1

99.116
56,978
57.5
53368
53.8
146
53,222
3,610
63

99,184
57^73
57.7
53,742
542
146
53,596
3,531
62

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate 3
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio 4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate 5
Not In labor force

Men, 16 years and over
Noninstftutional population2
Labor force 2
Participation rate 3
Total employed 2
Employment-population ratio 4 ....
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate 5

Women, 16 years and over
Noninstftutional population2
Labor force 2
Participation rate 3
Total employed 2
Employment-population ratio 4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate 5

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear In the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Forces stationed in the United
includes members of the Armed
Ar
States.

3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the
resident Armed Forces).
4

5

Note on Armed Forces estimates
Estimates of the labor force including the resident Armed Forces that appear in table A-1 of this
release should be interpreted with caution. The estimates of the resident Armed Forces come from
administrative sources and are affected by lags in the availability of information, changes over
time in administrative practices for the classification of military personnel as resident or nonresident,
and variations in those practices among the branches of the services. In recent months, developments in the Persian Guff have accentuated the impact of these factors on the data.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

187,669
123,816
66.0
117.359
62.5
6,457
5.2

189,243
124,443
65.8
115,639
61.1
8,804
7.1

189,380
124,727
65.9
116,678
61.6
8,049
6.5

187,669
124,781
66.5
118,090
62.9
6,691
5.4

188,666
125,174
66.3
117,574
62.3
7,600
6.1

188,977
124,638
66.0
116,922
61.9
7,715
6.2

189,115
125,076
66.1
116,918
61.8
8.158
6.5

189,243
125,326
66.2
116,754
61.7
8,572
6.8

189,380
125.672
66.4
117,398
62.0
8,274
6.6

82,487
63,980
77.6
60,848
73.8
2,263
58,585
3,132
4.9

83,466
64,628
77.4
59,992
71.9
2,104
57,888
4,636
7.2

83,567
64,787
77.5
60,596
72.5
2,312
58,284
4,190
6.5

82,487
64,188
77.8
61,152
74.1
2,272
58,880
3,036
4.7

83,208
64,803
77.9
61,188
73.5
2,365
58,823
3,615
5.6

83,271
64,345
77.3
60,734
72.9
2,289
58,445
3,611
5.6

83,392
64,577
77.4
60,533
72.6
2,315
58,217
4,044
6.3

83,466
64,735
77.6
60,551
72.5
2,255
58,296
4,184
6.5

83,567
64,957
111
60,905
72.9
2,328
58,577
4,052
6.2

91,330
52,786
57.8
50,439
55.2
631
49,808
2,347
4.4

92,273
53,250
57.7
50,327
54.5
561
49,766
2,923
5.5

92,358
53,457
57.9
50,721
54.9
599
50,122
2,736
5.1

91,330
52,943
58.0
50,424
55.2
658
49,766
2,519
4.8

92,042
53,182
57.8
50,389
54.7
647
49,742
2,793
5.3

92,139
53,097
57.6
50,300
54.6
664
49,636
2,797
5.3

92,198
53,284
57.8
50,404
54.7
675
49.728
2,881
5.4

92,273
53,359
57.8
50,323
54.5
607
49,716
3,035
5.7

92,358
53,634
58.1
50,695
54.9
623
50,072
2,939
5.5

13,852
7,051
50.9
6,072
43.8
208
5,865
978
13.9

13,504
6,565
48.6
5,320
39.4
184
5,136
1,245
19.0

13,455
6,484
48.2
5,361
39.8
199
5,162
1,123
17.3

13,852
7,850
55.2
6,514
47.0
210
6,304
1,136
14.8

13,616
7,189
52.8
5,997
44.0
241
5,756
1,192
16.6

13,567
7,196
53.0
5,889
43.4
211
5,678
1,307
18.2

13,525
7,215
53.3
5,982
44.2
232
5,750
1,233
17.1

13,504
7,232
53.6
5,879
43.5
235
5,644
1,353
187

13,455
7,081
52.6
5,798
43.1
204
5,594
1,283
18.1

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population

Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

W o m e n , 20 years a n d over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population .
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of ths civilian population by raet, sax, age, and Hispanic origin
(Nunrtoers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

160.170
106,460
66.5
101.564
634
4,895
4.6

161.179
106,782
665
99.955
62.0
6,827
64

161,264
107,110
664
100,969
62.6
6,141
5.7

160.170
107.090
665
102,088
63.7
5,002
4.7

160.942
107,517
665
101,843
635
5,674
55

161.007
106.962
664
101,104
625
5,858
5.5

161,097
107.432
66.7
101,141
625
6,291
55

161,179
107,488
66.7
100,870
62.6
6,617
62

161,264
107,678
665
101,455
625
6,223
55

55,663
78.0
53,265

56.061
77.8
52,353

56.213
775
52.966

55,816
785
53495

56,307
785
53.497

55,836
77.6
53,010

56.000
775
52.801

56.151
775
52.828

56,310
78.1
53.179

WHITE
Civilian noninttftutlonal population
Civilian labor force
Participation rat*
„
Employed
„
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
«
Unemployment rate
-

„
_
„
1"™!
„

......
........

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
..
Part icfeatbn rate Z"
Employed
—
„
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
«
Unemployment rate

„

..

..............

........

y*i A

3,708
6.6

3.247
55

2.810
55

2,826
5.1

711
f-J~3

71 7
* J./

2,321
42

3.198
5.7

3,323
55

3.131
55

44,700
57.5
42,981
555
1,719
3.8

45,087
57.6
42,892
543
2,195
4.9

45272
57.7
43,255
552
2016
4.5

44,733
57.6
42.911
552
1,822
4.1

44.995
575
43.001
55.0
1.994
44

44,888
574
42.841
545
2.047
45

45 211
575
43,019
55.0
2.192
45

45,186
57.7
42,892
545
2294
5.1

45,304
575
43,169
55.1
2,136
4.7

6,097
5,318
475
779
125
135
122

5.634
525
4,711
43.7
924
164
19.5
13.0

5.625
524
4,748
442
877
155
16.5
14.7

6.541
58.6
5.682
505
859
13.1
135
125

6.215
57.0
5,345
49.0
870
145
145
135

6,238
574
5,253
485
985
155
155
155

6.222
575
5,321
492
901
145
154
134

6,151
57.1
5,150
475
1,001
165
185
13.7

6.064
564
5,108
475
956
155
165
14.7

13,335
625
11.973
564
1,362
102

21.516
13,469
626
11.800
54,8
1.669
124

21,541
13,473
625
11,828
545
1,645
122

21228
13.534
635
12,098
575
1436
10.6

21.448
13,486
625
11.836
552
1,650
122

21,470
13.501
625
11,866
555
1,635
12.1

21,493
13,421
624
11,839
55.1
1,582
115

21,516
13,610
635
11.934
555
1,675
125

21,541
13,670

6,216
734
5,589
66.0
627
10.1

6,373
735
5.610
65.0
762
124

6404
74.1
5.607
645
797
124

6,233
735
5,628
665
605
9.7

6,359
74.1
5.664
665
695
105

6513
73.5
5,602
652
712
115

6.366
735
5,649
65.6
717
115

6,395
74.1
5,672
65.7
723
115

6.358
59.9
5,799
54.7
558
8.8

6.370
59.1
5,755
534
615
9.7

6.397
592
5,771
534
626
95

6.434
605
5.843
55.1
591
92

6,339
59.0
5.668
525
671
105

6,374
595
5.738
534
636
105

6.286
584
5.694
525
593
94

6,388
592
5,755
534
633
95

6,476
60.0
5,812

762
354
585
27.1
177
235
24.7
21.7

726
34.5
435
20.7
292
40.1
40.2
40.1

673
325
450
215
222
33.0
34.7
315

867
405
627
29.1
240
27.7
285
264

788
36.9
504
23.6
284
36.0
364
355

614
384
526
245
288
354
345
36.1

769
364
497

826
392
507
24.1
319
385
384
385

779
37.1
490
235
289
37.1
384
35.7

7A 7
fn.f

„

70 7

TOR

2.398
43

/ 9.U

fM

Women, 20 years and over
CMHan labor force
..
Participation rate
»
„
Employed
.„..„.
.........,.»!.
Enjoyment-population ratio2
Unemployed ..-

.....
..

...

L J n o f T ^ i o y m ^ n t r s t o «••••*******•#•»••»»••**••«##«»#*****••••••••*«#»*»*«**

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
CMHan labor force
Participation rate
Errployed
Employment-population
Unemployed ..Unemployment rate
Men
Women

„
„
ratio*
..„
„
„

_

„
„,.,.

„
„
„

„....
...-,....

54J6

BUCK
Civilian nonInstitutional population
Civilian labor force
»
Partlclpaiion rate
Employed
„
„
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

„

........
,
«.,.„

„

.......

G3JS
11.948
55.5
1,722

125

Men, 20 years and ovsr
Civilian labor force
»
Participation rate
»
Employed
."""
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate "I -

„
„
„

».«...

............................
-

6,416

742
5,647

655
769
125

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force ...
Participalion rate ...I".........
Employed
„
EiTptoyment-popuiation ratio2
Unemployed
„
Unemployment rate
-

.....—.....
„
„

«..
.
«....».

535
664
105

Both sexss, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed ....„„,
„
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
„
Unemployment rate
|y|gfl
W O m e n

^

^

^

See footnotes at end of table.




„

^

Mt^

23JS

272
354
355
352

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted 1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

14,198
9.535
675
8.770
61.8
765
8.0

14,632
9.591
65.5
8.630
59.0
961
10.0

14,672
9,680
66.0
8.788
59.9
892
92

14.198
9.600
67.6
8.843
62.3
757
7.9

14.514
9.569
65.9
8,676
59.8
893
9.3

14.553
9.675
66.5
8.779
60.3
896
9.3

14,593
9.578
65.6
8,664
594
914
9.5

14.632
9.696
66.3
8,700
59.5
997
10.3

14,672
9,739
664
8.859
604
880
9.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian nonInstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
-

-

Employment-populaiion ratio*
Unemployed
„
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
Identical numbers appear In the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Ch/Man employment as a percent of the civilian noninstltutionat
population.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups wit not sum to
totals because data for the "other races' group are not presented and
Hispanlcs are included In both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category
Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

117,359
40,608
30.010
6,306

115.639
40,175
29,632
6.438

116.678
40,340
30,030
6,320

118.090
40.769
29.742
6,348

117,574
40,728
29.776
6,367

116,922
40,316
2*599
6,386

116,918
40,482
2Qi,6QQ
6.384

116,754
29,514
6.470

117,398
40,502
29J62
6.371

30.529
36,904
15,651
13,646
17.411
3,217

30,994
36.229
15,773
12.987
16.678
2.977

31,196
36,442
15.787
13,078
16,839
3,336

30.318
37.010
15,736
13.781
17,729
.3,328

30,777
36.242
15.904
13,524
17,695
3,436

30,699
36.360
15,746
13,399
17,227
3,437

31,093
36,100
15.773
13.333
16,997
3499

30,764
36,265
15,948
13,212
17,051
3,387

30,990
36,515
15,882
13,197
17,150
3464

1,593

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 yean and over
Married women spouse present in.>..»«i
Women who maintain families
.

i..i»n>(,iMt»>

AQOOA

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
t ^ r o G i t i o o ^^roo motion c^sui A n o r £ D d j r

-

••»••••+*#••••••••••»•*•••«••«*#

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

-

INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
W a g e and salary workers Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
W a g e and salary workers
Government «
Private Industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

-

-

1,400
109

1,413
1.319
117

1.600
1,418
92

1,647
1.430
112

1,671
1,473
102

1,603
1,396
157

1.629
1448
168

1,556
1412
134

1,660
1,450
95

-

105.258
17,941
87,317
930
86,387
8,725
274

103,772
18,061
85.711
922
84.789
8,765
253

104,112
18,209
85,903
887
85,016
9,227
229

105,897
17,600
88,097
984
67.113
8,713
255

105,095
17,640
87,455
1.013
86,442
8.896
238

104,696
17,680
87,018
967
86,051
8,738
232

104,569
17,792
86,777
953
85,824
8,876
239

104455
17,829
86,626
980
85,646
8,926
224

104,697
18,064
86,633
943
85,690
9,209
213

6,009
3,415
2.319
15,827

5,817
3.261
2,290
16,244

4,853
2.406
2,140
15.256

5,581
2.928
2.302
15,081

5,510
2.908
2,214
14,633

6,062
3,252
2.401
14,971

6,163
3,303

-

4,574
2,31 B
1,966
15,907

14,819

6,162
3.383
2,462
15,027

-

4,385
2,176
1.949
15.441

5,765
3.247
2.255
15,464

5,587
3,089
2,244
15,812

4.680
2.246
2,093
14,841

5,262
2.742
2.218
14,650

5.178
2.692
2,133
14.461

5.803
3.067
2.349
14,528

5.889
3,107
2,404
14.452

5,956
3.181
2,403
14,641

_

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1
An Industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work ...„
CouJd only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
«
NonagricuRural Industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
_
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
-

1

»

„
....„ rt

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for




such reasons as vacation, illness, or Industrial dispute.

2494

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tab)* A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
On thousands)

Category

Unemployment rates

Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

6.691
3.662
3,036
3.029
2,519
1.136

8.572
4,962
4.184
3,610
3.035
1.353

8,274
4,743
4,052
3.531
2,939
1.283

5.4
5.4
4.7
5.4
'4.8
14.8

6.1
62
5.6
5.9
5.3
16.6

62
6.3
5.6
6.1
5.3
18.2

6.5
6.9
6.3
6.1
5.4
17.1

6.8
12
6.5
6.4
5.7
18.7

6.6
6.9
6.2
62
5.5
18.1

1.360
1.096
535

1,916
1.473
643

1,850
1.398
701

3.2
3.6
7.8

3.8
4.1
8.7

4.0
4.1
9.0

4.3
4.4
9.1

4.5
4.8
9.0

AA
4.5
9.9

5,404
1,286

6,960
1,622

6,804
1,457

5.1
7.2
6.2

5.8
7.6
6.9

6.0
7.7
7.0

6.4
7.8
7.5

6.5
9.1
7.7

6.3
8.1
7.6

630
1.546
795
1.698
244

856
2,013
1.091
2.150
339

824
2,020
1,123
2,085
239

2.0
4.0
5.5
8.7
6.8

2.2
4.8
7.0
9.6
6.9

2.7
4.5
7.3
10.0
7.6

2.4
5.0
7.6
11.6
7.9

2.7
5.3
7.6
11.2
91

2.6
5.2
7.8
10.8
65

5.244
1,970
34
677
1,259
723
536
3.274
277
1.482
1,515
398
193

6.728
2.558
58
865
1.634
1.023
611
4,170
364
1.900
1.907
677
249

6,476
2.602
58
902
1.642
1,053
589
3.874
354
1,728
1.791
596
182

5.8
6.8
4.5
10.5
5.8
5.6
6.0
5.1
4.2
6.2
4.5
22
10.5

6.3
8.1
5.8
14.0
6.5
6.6
6.4
5.4
4.2
6.6
4.8
21
12.3

6.4
8.2
7.6
14.5
6.4
6.8
5.9
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.9
3.0
11.9

6.9
9.1
6.0
15.5
7.4
8.1
6.5
5.9
5.3
7A
5.0
32
11.5

7.2
9.0
7.1
14.1
7.6
8.2
6.8
6.4
5.5
7.9
5.6
3.7
1&8

7.0
92
7.5
15.0
7.6
8.3
6.6
6.0
5.4
7.3
52
32
9.9

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over.........
Men, 16 years and ovw ..............
Men, 20 years and over.
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

...
~

...»
-

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time tost* ....

........

*.
-

«
...

-

...

OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .....
Farming, forestry, and fishing
..

~
..
-

INDUSTRY
Nonagrteukural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining .
.
« ..
Construction
Manufacturing «.
..... .............
..... ...........
Durable goods Z"!!!"!.I""!!!"!.""."!I!!."!....!!""..!.*!!."..
Nondurable goods
Service-producing Industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service Industries ......................................
Government workers
.
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Unemployment as a percent of the cfvfllan labor force.
2
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not

available because the seasonal components are small relative to the
trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Apr.
1090

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

2,858
1,953
1.646
915
731

3,149
3.192
2.463
1,480
983

2.952
2.509
2.588
1,495
1.093

3.185
2.146
1.417
742
675

3,280
2.518
1.739
940
799

3.410
2,490
1.829
981
848

3,473
2.736
1.975
1,053
921

3.515
2.904
2.184
1536
947

3,287
2,745
2£29
1,226
1.003

13.0
5.8

13.7
8.3

14.8
8.1

12.1
5.0

12.4
5.9

12.4
5.9

12.8
6.1

13.0
6.6

13.7
7.0

100.0
44.3
302
25.5
14.2
11.3

100.0
35.8
36.3
28.0
16.8
115

100.0
36.7
31.2
32.2
18.6
13.6

100.0
47.2
31.8
21.0
11.0
10.0

100.0
43.5
33.4
23.1
12.5
10.6

100.0
44.1
32£
23.7
12.7
11.0

100.0
42.4
33.4
24.1
1Z9
11.3

100.0
40.9
33.6
25.4
14.4
11.0

100.0
39.8
332
27.0
14.8
12.1

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

„

.

m

Average (mean) duration. In weeks......_
Median duration. In weeks

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks .......
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over




-

«
...
„

»

„

.....
w

„

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Reason
Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

3,213
944
2,269
1,065
1,625
554

5,155
1.765
3,390
1,011
2.027
611

4,623
1,318
3,304
909
1,862
656

3,145
984
2,161
1,159
1,794
637

3,797
1,150
2.647
1,024
2,12B
662

4,068
1,131
2.938
899
2.044
672

4,515
1485
3.031
989
1.994
633

4,703
1430
3,273
1,080
2,090
699

4,528
1.370
3.158
987
2.053
741

100.0
49.8
14.6
35.1
16.5
25.2
8.6

100.0
58.6
20.0
38.5
11.5
23.0
6.9

100.0
57.4
164
41.1
11.3
23.1
8.1

100.0
46.7
14.6
32.1
17.2
26.6
9.5

100.0
49.9
15.1
34.8
13.5
28.0
8.7

100.0
53.0
14.7
38.2
11.7
26.6
8.7

100.0
55.5
18.3
37.3
12£
24.5
7.8

100.0
54.9
16.7
38.2
12.6
244
8.2

100.0
64.5
16.5
38.0
11.9
24.7
8.9

2.6
.9
1.3
4

4.1
.8
1.6
.5

3.7
.7
1.5
.5

2.5
.9
1.4
.5

3.0
.8
1.7
.5

3.3
.7
1.6
.5

3.6
A
1.6
.5

3.8
.9
1.7
.6

3.6
.8
1.6
.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers

-

Other Job losers
Job leavers
....
Reentrants
New entrants

-

~

.

-

.......

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
.
On layoff
Other Job losers
Job leaven)
.
Reentrants
New entrants

.....................
~
»
.
.
„
»

.........
«....
.......

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

«

.. •

..
-

.......
.......
..*>•<<>
......

Table A-6. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the tabor fores, seasonally
(Percent)

Quarterly averages
Measure

1990

Monthly data
1991

1991

I

II

III

IV

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the chrilan
labor force
„
.......

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.8

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the cMllan labor force

2.5

2.5

2.7

3.0

3.5

ae

3.8

3.6

U*3 Unemployed persons 2 5 years and over as a percent of the civilian
labor force for persons 2 5 years and over

4.1

4.2

44

4.7

5.3

5.3

5.6

54

U-4 Unemployed ful-tlme Jobseekers as a percent of the fuK-time c M l a n
labor force
-

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.7

6.3

6.4

8.5

6.3

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
Including the resident Armed Forces

52

5.2

5.5

5.8

64

64

6J3

6.5

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force
«
_

5.3

5.3

5.6

5.9

6.5

6.5

6.8

6.6

U-6 Total full-time Jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor
force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

7.3

7.3

7.6

8.1

9.0

9.1

93

9.1

7.9

8.0

8.3

8.9

9.8

NA

NA

NA

U-7 Total fuR-tlme jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
1/2 of the part-time labor force
_

N A - n o t available.




„

1

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabls A-9. Unemployed persons by M X and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over............
16 to 24 years
«
*
16 to 19 years

-

,.,,..,..M.........™

16 to 17 year*
18 to 19 years....
20 to 24 years ....«
25 years and over •....
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years _
18 to 19 years H
20 to 24 years....
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

.
..........
*
.....................
..
..........
........................

...............

•••«.
-

....................................
«

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16to19vears
16 to 17 years „
18 to 19 years „„
.
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years......
.
55 years and over

~
...
........
_

...
....

Unemployment rates1

Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

6.691
2,422
1,136
517
618
1.286
4,330
3.848
500

8,572
2,770
1.353
576
785
1.417
5.811
5,205
638

8.274
2.680
1,283
578
709
1,397
5,678
5.117
588

5.4
11.2
14.8
17.5
13.2
9.2
4.2
4.4
3.3

6.1
11.7
16.6
19.1
15.0
9.2
5.0
5.3
3.3

62
12.4
18.2
19.6
16.7
9.5
5.0
5.2
3.4

6.5
12.6
17.1
16.9
16.9
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.B

6.8
132
18.7
20.9
17.5
10.3
5.6
5.8
42

6.6
12.8
18.1
212
16.3
10.1
5.4
5.7
3.8

3.662
1,346
626
281
345
720
2.370
2,083
309

4.962
1,638
778
364
421
860
3,344
2,951
399

4.743
1.566
691
304
389
875
3.246
2,888
390

5.4
11.9
15.6
18.2
14.0
.9.8
4.2
4.3
3.5

6.2
12.3
174
20.1
15.7
9.6
5.1
5.4
3.6

6.3
13.2
18.2
18.7
16.8
10.7
5.1
52
3.7

8.9
13.8
17.7
19.1
16.8
11.8
5.6
5.9
42

72
14.9
20.7
25.0
182
11.8
5.8
6.1
4.6

6.9
14.3
19.3
22.0
17.7
11.9
5.6
5.9
AA

3,029
1,076
510
236
273
566
1,960
1.765
191

3,610
1.132
575
212
364
557
2,467
2,254.
239

3.531
1.113
592
274
320
521
2.432
2,229
198

5.4
10.5
14.0
16.7
12.2
8.6
4.2
4.4
£9

5.9
11.1
15.6
17.9
14.2
8.7
4.8
5.1
2.8

6.1
11.6
18.1
20.7
16.7
8.1
4.9
52
2.9

6.1
11.7
16.4
14.4
17.1
9.1
4.9
52
3.3

6.4
114
16.6
16.3
16.8
8.6
5.3
5.6
3.6

62
112
16.9
20.4
14.9
8.1
52
5.5
3.0

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
nonlnstitutional
population

Veteran status
and age

Unemployed
Total

Employed

Number

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1991

7.607
6,525
1,470
3.335
1.720
1.082

7.747
6,465
1216
3,120
2.129
1282

6,916
6,151
1,378
3,182
1.591
766

7,030
6,119
1,153
2.959
2,008
911

6,659
5.908
1,302
3,067
1,540
751

6,701
5,817
1,064
2.820
1,933
883

257
242
76
116
51
15

17,045
7.818
5,020
4,207

18,092
8,251
5.669
4,171

15,936
7,440
4,670
3,825

16,983
7,837
5,312
3,835

15,321
7,173
4,490
3,657

16.053
7,362
5,035
3,656

615
267
T80
168

Apr.
1990

Percent of
labor force

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1991

330
302
89
139
74
28

3.7
3.9
5.5
3.6
32
1.9

4.7
4.9
7.7
4.7
3.7
3.0

930
474
277
179

3.9
3.6
3.8
4.4

5.5
6.1
52
4.7

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total. 35 years and over
35 to 48 years
35to39 years
40to44 years
45to49 years
50 years and over

-

-

NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years ..........,................*.•
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years „.„
«

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7. 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 35 to 49




years of age. the group that most dosefy corresponds to the bulk of the
vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States

(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

21,834
14,600
13,831
769
5.3

22,281
14,571
13,444
1,127
7.7

22,321
14,664
13,580
1,084
7.4

21,834
14,673
13,890
783
5.3

22,166
14,675
13,672
1,003
6.8

22,202
14,690
13,658
1,032
7.0

22,242
14,855
13,763
1,092
7.4

22,281
14,666
13,542
1,124
7.7

22,321
14,740
13,644
1,096
7.4

10,071
6,297
5,950
347
5.5

10,285
6,410
5,966
444
6.9

10,305
6,331
5t915
416
6.6

10,071
6,325
5,960
365
5.8

10,230
6,434
6,078
356
5.5

10,248
6,433
6,039
394
6.1

10,267
6,376
5,923
453
7.1

10,285
6,421
5,940
481
7.5

10,305
6,357
5,922
435
6.3

8,863
6,039
5,662
376
62

8,903
6,041
5,613
428
7.1

8,906
6,017
5,628
389
6.5

8.863
6,071
5,696
373
6.1

8,894
6,069
5,707
362
6.0

8,897
6,050
5,641
409
6.8

8,900
6,086
5,729
357
5.9

8,903
6,093
5,676
417
6.8

8,906
6,045
5,657
388
6.4

4,619
3,160
2,987
173
5.5

4,622
3,136
2,814
322
10.3

4,622
3,111
2,852
260
8.3

4,619
3,165
2,992
173
5.5

4,622
3,152
2,921
231
7.3

4,622
3,114
2,846
268
8.6

4,622
3,114
2,825
289
9.3

4,622
3,145
2,841
304
9.7

4,622
3,115
2,855
260
8.3

6,995
4,447
4,136
311
7.0

7,011
4,621
4,113
508
11.0

7,012
4,499
4t065
434
9.7

6,995
4,536
4,198
338
7.5

7,009
4,547
4,214
333
73

7,009
4,553
4,225
328
12

7,010
4,582
4,132
450
9.8

7,011
4,710
4,207
503
10.7

7,012
4,593
4,129
464
10.1

6,028
3,976
3,800
177
4.4

6,026
4,004
3,724
280
7.0

6,025
3,992
3,749
243
6.1

6,028
4,015
3.820
195
4.9

6,028
4,050
3,818
232
5.7

6,027
4,015
3,757
258
6.4

6,026
3,947
3,698
249
6.3

6,026
3,987
3,717
270
6.8

6,025
4,034
3,773
261
6.5

13,799
8,581
8,170
411
4.8

13,800
8,552
7,941
611
7.1

13,799
8,594
7,968
626
7.3

13,799
8,717
8,280
437
5.0

13,803
8,558
8,088
470
5.5

13,801
8,519
7,969
550
6.5

13,801
8.607
8,077
530
6.2

13,800
8,645
8,054
591
6.8

13,799
8,724
8,072
652
7.5

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
,
Employed
,
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

Apr.
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

4.985
3,367
3,247
120
3.6

5,043
3,365
3,174
191
5.7

5,048
3,383
3,193
190
5.6

4,985
3,403
3,276
127
3.7

5,028
3,420
3,242
178
52

5,033
3,376
3,209
167
4.9

5,038
3,436
3,253
183
5.3

5,043
3,402
3,210
192
5.6

5,046
3,417
3,221
196
5.7

8(278
5,373
5,071
302
5.6

8,302
5,417
5,003
414
7.6

8,304
5,473
5,087
386
7.1

8,278
5,421
5,106
315
5.8

8,298
5,488
5,179
309
5.6

8,299
5,383
5,065
318
5.9

8,301
5,384
5,007
377
7.0

8,302
5,470
5,073
397
7.3

8,304
5,523
5,124
399
7.2

9,382
5,878
5,562
315
5.4

9,405
5,797
5,359
438
7.6

9,407
5,911
5,507
404
6.8

9,382
5,930
5,595
335
5.6

9,402
5,922
5,585
337
5.7

9,402
5,853
5,482
371
6.3

9,404
5,925
5,526
399
6.7

9,405
5,822
5,389
433
7.4

9,407
5,960
5,537
423
7.1

12,337
8,386
7,887
499
6.0

12,483
8,528
7,978
550
6.4

12,496
8,619
8,025
594
6.9

12,337
8,466
7,940
526
6.2

12,447
8,540
7,945
595
7.0

12.458
8,511
7,964
547
6.4

12,471
8,541
8,071
470
5.5

12,483
8,623
8,050
573
6.6

12,496
8,692
8,074
618
7.1

North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutiona! population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Apr.
1990

Fab.
1991

Mar.
199lfi/

Apr.
199l E /

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
I991fi/

Apr.
I99lfi/

110.059 108,307 108,578 109,087 110,177 110,004 109,813 109,527 109,286 109,162

Total

91,456

59,662

89,837

90,399

91,922

91,701

91,501

91,183

90,930

90,831

Goods-producing industries.

24,939

23,458

23,417

23,608

25,180

24,416

24,193

24,068

23,899

23,833

Mining
Oil and gas extraction.

726
399.3

724
412.2

723
409.7

727
408.1

734
405

740
414

737
415

740
417

738
417

735
414

5,099
4,628
4,428
4,394
1,287. 2 1L,129.3 1,129.5 1,1-50.8

5,256
1,338

4,983
1,243

4,841
1,222

4,866
1,218

4,792
1,204

4,771
1,196

Total private

Construction
General building contractors.
Manufacturing
Production workers...

19,114
12,984

18,340
12,327

18,266
12,274

18,253
12,278

19,190
13,046

18,693
12,626

18,615
12,565

18,462
12,430

18,369
12,359

18,327
12,335

Durable goods
Production workers.

11,215
7,453

10,589
6,945

10,541
6,916

10,536
6,926

11,229
7,461

10,831
7,146

10,775
7,104

10,641
6,985

10,577
6,943

10,549
6,930

738.9
675.3
515.7
481.7
557.8
505.7
754.9
721.2
258.3
270.0
1,417.2 11,344.7
2,114.3 12,044.1
1,704.7 1,624.3
2,023.6 1,847.1
726.1
828.9
972.4
1,003.0
372.1
384.4

673.4
479.2
506.1
720.7
257.0
1,338.9
2,032.7
1,611.2
1,836.3
724.1
970.0
372.1

679.1
480.3
514.0
716.9
254.7
1,336.9
2,015.9
1,608.2
1,846.1
746.7
967.0
371.5

750
516
560
755
271
1,419
2,112
1,713
2,014
820
1,005
385

712
494
538
738
269
1,382
2,058
1,644
1,904
762
982
379

704
491
529
738
267
1,378
2,055
1,638
1,886
753
976
380

693
481
526
722
259
1,350
2,040
1,629
1,849
730
974
377

689
479
518
720
258
1*342
2,029
1,618
1,836
726
972
374

689
481
516
717
255
1,338
2,014
1,616
1,837
739
969
372

7,725
5*358

7,717
5,352

7,961
5,585

7,862
5,480

7,840
5,461

7,821
5,445

7,792
5,416

7,778
5*405

, 1,595.8 1*608.1 1,601.4 1,596.2
43.1
44.2
47
43.3
707.1
666.0
666.5
669.0
991.8
1,038.9
994.0
988
687.6
695.3
,
689.4
684
, 1,580.6 1,557.0 1,551.7 1,548
, 1,080.7 1*081.8 1,080.9 1,081
156.9
155.9
157.5
159
834.9
871.0
831.0
829.3
116.4
129.2
114.2
115.3

1,651

1,654
47
6801
1,0001
6941
1,5701
1,0881
161
849
119

1,655
46
675
995
694
1,565
1,087
160
845
118

1,663
46
668
994
693
1,557
1,086
160
837
117

1,659
45
667
991
691
1,550
1,083
160
830
116

1,652
46
670
986
687
1,547
1,085
161
829
115

85,588! 85,620

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
,
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
,
Blast furnaces and basic steel products,
Fabricated metal products
,
Industrial machinery and equipment
,
Electronic and other electrical equipment,
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

,

7,899
5,531

7,751
5,382

,

n\

1,579
1,084
159
869
130

85,120

84,849

85,161

85,479

84,997

85,459

85,387

85,329

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities

5,776
3,566
2,210

5,772
3,569
2,203

5,775
3,570
2,205

5,795
3,590
2,205

5,809
3,588
2,221

5,882
3,668
2,214

5,883
3,663
2,220

5,843
3,627
2,216

5,831
3,613
2*218

5,828
3,612
2*216

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,345
3,765
2,580

6,219
3,674
2,545

6,219
3,669
2,550

6,220
3,663
2,557

6,363
3,771
2,592

6,331
3,735
2,596

6,292
3,710
2*582

6,271
3,692
2,579

6,252
3,676
2*576

6,257
3,670
2,567

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking places

19,561
2,410.2
3,252.2
2,109.2
6,544.1

19,094
2,304.1
3,271.8
2,063.9
6,359.6

19,115
2,262.0
3,263.4
2,062.1
6,455.2

19,252
2,269.0
3,260.1
2,073.8
6,566.8

19,778
2,493
3,287
2,118
6,573

19,670
2,402
3,313
2,121
6,627

19,682
2,396
3,312
2,106
6*629

19,564
2,375
3,302
2,093
6,611

19,505
2,346
3,300
2,083
6,600

19,466
2,346
3,296
2,082
6*600

Finance* insurance, and real estate.......
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

6,794
3,327
2,132
1,335

6,764
3,322
2,159
1,283

6,779
3,323
2,163
1,293

6,799
3,324
2,163
1,312

6,823
3,336
2,135
1,352

6,829
3,336
2,152
1,341

6,829
3,335
2,160
1,334

6,824
3,332
2,161
1,331

6,825
3,330
2,165
1,330

6*828
3,334
2,165
1*329

28,041 28,355 28,532 28,725
4,982.3 4,900.7 4,916.5 4,945.5
7,967.3 8,456.3 8,510.2 8,543.5

27,969
5,026
7,984

28,573
5,018
8,395

28*622
5,013
«*438

28,613
4,985
8,473

28,618
4,976
8,519

28,639
4,990
8*561

18,255
3,151
4,252
10,852

18,303
2,943
4,325
11,035

18,312
2.951
4,333
11,028

18,344
2,951
4,332
11,061

18,356
2,951
4,333
11,072

18*331
2,944
4,323
11,064

Service-producing industries.

Services
Business services
Health services
Government.
Federal..
State
Local
£/

• preliminary.




18,603
3,149
4,366
11,088

18,645
2,936
4,427
11,282

18,741
2,942
4,450
11,349

18,688
2,941
4,440
11,307

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

T»ble B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers^/ on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total private.
Minins
Construction.
Manufacturing
Overtime hours.
Durable goods
Overtime hours.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Apr.
1990

Feb.
1991

I Mar.
U99l£/

Apr.
1991^/

Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

I

I Jan.
I 1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.

Apr.
199l£/

34.4

33.9

34.0

34.1

34.5

34.6

34.1

34.3

34.2

34.1

43.1

44.4

44.1

43.9

43.4

44.7

44.4

44.9

44.6

44.2

37.3

37.0

37.2

37.8

(2)

(2)

(2)

C2)

(2)

(2)

39.8
2.9

39.9
3.0

40.1
3.1

40.1
3.1

40.7
3.5

40.7
3.6

40.4
3.4

40.3
3.3

40.1
3.2

40.2
3.3

40.3
2.8

40.4
3.0

40.5
3.1

40.5
3.1

41.2
3.5

41.2
3.6

40.8
3.3

40.6
3.2

40.4
3.2

40.6
3.2

40.1
38.0
41.8
41.6
42.8
40.0
40.6
39.6
40
40
40
3S.2

38.5 I
37.0
40
41.3
41.2
40.4
41.4
40.3
40.7
40.3
41.0
39.0

38.9
37.9
40.7
41.4
41.5
40 .
41.5
40.1
40.9
40.4
40.9
39.3

39.4
38.3
41.3
41.7
42.0
40.5
41.1
40.0
41.1
41.2
40.8
39.3

40.2
39.0
42.0
41
42
41
41
40
41
41
41
39.2

39.9
38.8
42.0
42.3
43.4
41.1
42.1
40.8
41
41
41
39.2

39.4
38.5
41.0
42.0
42.6
40.7
41.6
40.3
41.5
41.5
40.
39.0

39.3
37.5
41.7
41.5
41.4
40,
41
40.
40.9
40.7
41.0
39.3

39.1
38.1
41.2
41.4
41.6
40,
41.
40,
40,
40.0
40.8
39.3

39.3
38.7
41.2
41.9
42.1
40.5
41
40
40
40
40
39.3

39.2
2.9

39.4
3.1

39.6
3.2

39.5
3.2

40.0
3.4

40.0
3.6

39.8
3.4

39.8
3.4

39.8
3.3

39.8
3.4

39.9
39.0
39
36
42.8
37.7
42.6
43.6
40.6
36.7

39.9
38.2
39.4
36.2
42.7
37.5
42.5
43.7
40.7
36.6

40.6
(2)
40.
S6.
43.
37.
42.
(2)
40.
37,

40.9
C2)
39.4
36.6
43.5
37.8
42.8
(2)
41.0
37.4

40.7
(2)
39.4
36.3
43.0
37.7
42.5
(2)
40.8
36.9

40.6
(2)
39.2
36.5
42.9
37.6
42.4
(2)
40.6
37.2

40.5
(2)
39.4
36.4
43.1
37.5
42.6
C2)
40.6
37.1

40.5
(2)
39.5
36.3
42.9
37.6
42.5
(2)
40.7
37.0

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities.

39.8
38.1
39.0
35.2
42.5
37.4
42.6
44.5
40.1
36.4

39.7
38.4
38.8
36.3
42.6
37.4
42.3
43.8
40.4
36.8

38.9

38.2

38.2

38.4

39.0

38.9

38.7

38.5

38.5

38.5

Wholesale trade

38.1

37.8

37.9

38.0

38.1

38.3

37.9

38.0

38.1

38.0

Retail trade

29.0

28.0

28.2

28.3

29.0

28.8

28.4

28.6

28.7

28.4

35.8

35.7

35.7

(2)

(2)

C2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.4

32.3

32.4

32.6

32.8

32.2

32.6

32.4

32.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Services

32.6

1/ Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; whol«sal» and retail trade; finance*
insurance* and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonfarm payrolls.




2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative
to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
P * preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers.]/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Apr.
1990

Total private

I $9.97

Seasonally adjusted

.....I 9.96

Mining

I 13.66

Construction

I 13.58

Manufacturing
I 10.75
11.22
Durable goods
9.09
Lumber and wood products
8.42
Furniture and fixtures
11.18
Stone* clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries
j 12.86
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..] 14.84
Fabricated metal products
I 10.65
Industrial machinery and equipment
I 11.55 .
Electronic and other electrical equipment..} 10.17 I
13.89 I
Transportation equipment
14.41
Motor vehicles and equipment
11.20
Instruments and related products
8.56
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods.
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

I 10.10
I 9.61
! 17.09
7.91
6.56
12.25
11.12
13.53
16.31
9.66
6.94

Transportation and public utilities.

12.96

Wholesale trade

10.78

Retail trade

6.75

Finance, insurance* and real estate.

9.97

Services

9.82

J/

Feb. |Mar.
1991 |199l£/

Apr.
I99l£/

$10.24
10.21

$10.25
10.24

$10.30
10.29

14.07

Apr.
1990

Feb.
1991

Mar.
199l£/

Apr.
1991E/

$342.97 $347.14 $348.50 $351.23
343.62 350.20 350.21 350.89

| 14.06

14.15

588.75

624.71

620.05

621.19

13.86 | 13.85

13.90

506.53

512.82

515.22

525.42

11.03 | 11.07

11.12

427.85

440.10

443.91

445.91

11.55
9.11
8.66
11.24
13.00
14.97
11.01
12.06
10.59
14.34
14.74
11.66
8.70

11.60
9.11
8.69
11.26
13.16
15.19
11.08
12.13
10.56
14.44
14.89
11.69
8.75

11.65
9.23
8.71
11.43
13,27
15.36
11.11
12.11
10.60
14.53
15.04
11.63
8.76

452.17
364.51
319.96
467.32
534.98
635.15
426.00.
468.931
402.73'
566.71
589.37
451.36
326.99

466.62
350.74
320.42
456.34
536.90
616.76
444.80
499.28
426.78
583.64.
594.021
478.06
339.30

469.80
354.38
329.35
458.28
544.82
630/39
446.52
503.40
423.46
590.60
601.56
478.12
343.88

471.83
363.66
333.59
472.06
553.36
645.12
449.96
497.72
424.00
597.18
619.65
474.50
344.27

10.33
9.77
16.32
8.13
6.62
12.51
11.37
13.81
17.02
10.01
7.11

10.37
17.64
8.16
6.65
12.57
11.38
13.84
16.98
10.04
7.12

410.65
392.62
687.96
319.87
241.40
538.00
429.03
589.58!
740.33
407.62
261.30

410.80
393.02
676.14
322.29
243.26
536.74
425.63
593.73
736.35
411.48
262.42

13.15

13.16

395.92 407.00
10.40
382.48 387.87
9.85
651.13 626.69
17.70
308.49 315.44
8.18
230.91 240.31
6.72
520.63 532.93
12.57
415.89 425.24
11.35
13.97 | 576.38 584.16
16.85 I 725.80| 745.48
387.37 404.40
10.11
261.65
252.62
7.17
502.33
504.14
13.22
419.20
410.72
11.14
193.48J
195.75
6.99
369.46
359.92
10.38
329.83
320.13
10.21

502.71

507.65

419.55

423.32

11.09
6.91

9.84

11.07
6.93

10.32

10.35

10.18

10.19

195.43

197.82

369.50

370.57

329.14

330.80

P = preliminary.

See footnote 1> table B-2.

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry* seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total privatei
Current dollars
Constant (1982) doliars2/
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime4/
Transportation and public utilities
Hholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance* and real estate
Services

Apr
I99C1

$9. 96
7. 58
13. 59
13.62
10.75
10. 34
12. 96
10. 74
6.74
9.88
9.79

1/ See footnote 1* tabla B-Z.
2/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Mage Earners and Clerical Horkers (CPI-H) is
used to deflate this series.
3/ Change was 0.3 percent from February
1991 to March 1991* the latest month
available.




Dec.
1990

Jan
1991-

Feb.
1991

$10.19
7.45
13.77
13.79
11.00
10.55
13.10
11.03
6.85
10.27
10.07

$10 .19
7 .43
14 .03
13 .93
11 .04
10 .60
13 .16
11 .01
.87
10 .18
10 .05

$10.21
7.44
13.93
13.90
11.02
10.60
13.11
11.06
6.88
10.21
10.10

Mar.
1991E'

Apr.
1991 E /

$10.24 $10.29
7.46
N.A.
14.00
14.08
13.88
13.94
11.05
11.12
10.63
10.67
13.20. 13.22
11.081 11.10
6.92
6.98
10.33
10.29
10.15
10.18

Percent
change
from i
Mar. 1991Apr. 1991

0.5
(3)
.6
.4
.6
.4
.2
.2
.9
-.4
.3

4/ Derived by assuming that overtime
hours mrm paid at the rata of time and onehalf.
N.A. = not available.
£/ = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers.!/ on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry
(1982=100)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Apr.
1990
Total private.
Goods-producing industries.
Mining

Feb.
1991

.1122.9 118.4
.1107.0

99.3
65.5j

, .

Construction

133.3 110.1

Manufacturing

104.2

99.3

Durable goods
1104
129
Lumber and wood products
122,
Furniture and fixtures
109.6
Stone, clay, and glass products
90._
Primary metal industries
79.7
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
103.8
Fabricated metal prodi cts
95.7
Industrial machinery nd equipment
Electronic and other lectrical equipment. 105.9
118.2
Transportation equipnn nt
125.7
Motor vehicles and i equipment
85.9
Instruments and relat* d products..........
100.3
Miscellaneous manufac uring

97.1
112.1
109
95
85
72,7
98.3
93.4
101
106
106
83.6
97.9

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
,
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

104.6
101.8
59.2
98.5
90.0
107.9
126.7
104.3
87.4
122 4
59.9

102
103
67.1
91.9
88.4
107.6
123.3
101.7
83.0
117.0
53.5

130.0
114.3
118.8
123.2
123.1
144.9

127.0
111.9
115.1
116.0
120.6
144.9

Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance, and real estate.
Services
1/

See footnote 1, tabla B-2.




Mar.
I99l£/

118.9
99.5
64.8
111.7
99.2
97.0
112.6
111.7
95.7

85.3
72.8
97.6
93.1
100.3
106.0
106.0
83.4
98.6

102.3
103.1
61.7
92.8
86.3
107.8
124.1
102.1
83.1
116.4
52.8
127.6
111.9
115.6
116.8
120.5
145.7

Apr.
1991fi/

Apr.
1990

Dec.
1990

Jan.
1991

124.2 124.0 121.8
110.1 107.0 104.1
6 5 . 2 68.1 67,1
138.6 135.0 124.1
107.01103.5 102.3
99.3
. 9 7 . 3 106.5 101.9 100.4
123.31120.1
115.3 131.7
125.4 117.71116.5
113.6 110
106.21101.4
99.0
89.51 88.8
90.9
85.2
78.0
80
79.1
72.7
102.5
103
107.2
98.0
94.1
95
98.2
91.4
109.7 104.6 102.2
99.9
120.2 112.0 111.2
107.6 123.4
114.8 114.0
112.6
88.4 84.7 84.2
83.1 102.9
100.7 100.6
98.5
102.1 107.6 105, 104.9
109, 109.5
102.6 108
68.3
64.7 69,
58.8
94.8
101.2 95,
93.8
88.3
92.9 89,
87.9
106.9 110.8 110, 109.4
123.0 127.6 126, 125.4
101.6 104.6 103. 102.6
85.1
85.0 88.0| 86
117.2 124.61121 4 120.1
55.0
62.2 55
52.0
129.8
131.7
130.5
128.8
113.1 115.2 116.4 115.8
115.9 119.3 119.1 117.2
118.4 125.0 123.3 121.5
121.1 122.6 123.6 121.7
147.0 144.4 148.2 145.8
120.2
101.0
64.9
120.1

preliminary.

Feb. |Mar.
1991 1991

122.2
104.1
68.1
129.7
100.9
98.4

117.7
111.1
102.6
85.6
73.2
99.5
93.1

102.1
106.3
107.7
84.1
99.9

104.5
110.1
66.8
93.2
88.9
109
123.9

Apr.
1991P/

121.4 121.0
102.5 102.4
66.2
67.3
124.6 I 124.5
100.1 | 100.0
97.3
116.5
112.3
99.4
85.0
73.2
97.8
92.5
100.3
105.1
105.0
83.9
99.1

97.4.
117.1
114.7
98.9
85.6
72.9
98.2
91.1
100.9
105.9
109.7
83.7
98.7

103.9
109.4
64.7
93.3
88
109
123
102.2
86
116,

103
108

102
87.7
118.0
54.3 53.6
130.3 129.9
114.4 114.1
117.0 117.1
121.6 121.6
122.0 122.0
147.5 146.6

63.4
94.2
87.7
108.3
123.0
102.1
86.0
116.7
52.9
129.3
114.1
116.2
120.2
121.0
146.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

May

Time span

I June

I July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

I Nov.

I Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls* 356 industries!/

T

Over 1-month span:
1989
1990
1991
Over 3~month s p a m
1989
1990
1991

60.0 |
54.8 |
£•33.0 J

60.1
53.1

55.6
55.8

57.3
49.9

55.8
50.8

57.7
48.2

50.0
45.8

55.2
42.3

59.6
38.8

56.6
41.4

59.7
53.7

58.3
55.3

59.7
50.1

54.5
45.2

55.2
40.9

55.8
36.8

57.7
35.0

60.3
35.3

61.2
51.4

58.7
48.3

57.0
45.4

58.1
39.9

56.2
36.8

58.3
33.6

57.4
29.9

64.9
46.8

61.2
43.3

60.0
40.4

59.8
37.1

57.3
58.6
fi/33.8 E/32.4

56.7

56.0

Over 6-month spam
1989
1990
1991

Over 12-month spam
1989
1990
1991

58.4
fi/27.0

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries!/

Over 1-month spam
1989
1990
1991

45.3
45.7

45.7
40.3

45 .0
48 .2

45 .7
40 .6

34.2
38.1

48 .6
36

43 .5
25 .2

48.2
34.2

43
40

42.8
44.2

41 .7
39 .9

33 .1
33

36.3
29.1

34 .9
21

41 .7
20 .5

39.2
20.1

42.1
38.1

37.1
31.7

36 .7
28 .4

34 .9
19 .8

34.2
21.9

35 .3
17 .3

33 .1
15 .8

36.0
E/12.2

43.9
21.2

39.9
18.0

37 .1
18 .3

35 .6
14 .4

32 .4
33.8
fi/10.4 £/10

30 .9

31.7

Over 3-month spam
1989
1990
1991

Over 6-month spam
1989
1990
1991

Over 12-month spam
1989
1990
1991
If Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month
span. Data are centered within the span.
P s preliminary.
NOTEi
Figures are the percent of industries with




omployme.it increasing plus one-naif of the Industrie
with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing- employment.