Full text of The Employment Situation : April 1990

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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical information (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
Media contact:
523-1913

USDL 90-220
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
MAY 4, 1990

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

APRIL 1990

Unemployment edged up in April and the number of payroll jobs was
about unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of
Labor reported today. The overall jobless rate of 5.3 percent and the
civilian worker rate of 5.4 percent were both up by 0.2 percentage point
from the previous itonth but remained within the narrow range that has
prevailed for the past year and a half.
Payroll employment, as measured by the survey of nonfarm business
establishments, was virtually unchanged at 110.5 million in April, after
seasonal adjustment, despite the addition of 80,000 temporary census
workers. Total civilian employment, as measured by the survey of
households, fell slightly to a seasonally adjusted level of 118.1 million.
Unarployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the nurnber of unemployed persons and the civilian worker
unemployment rate edged up in April, reaching 6.8 million and 5.4 percent,
respectively. Most of the increased joblessness occurred among 20-24 yearolds. Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men
rose 0.3 percentage point to 4.8 percent, as did the rate for whites.
Jobless rates for adult women (4.8 percent), teenagers (14.7 percent),
blacks (10.4 percent), and Hispanics (8.0 percent) were little changed over
the month. (See tables A-2, A-3, and A-9.)
Both the mean and median duration of unemployment, at 12.1 and 5.0
weeks, respectively, were about unchanged in April. The number working
part time for economic reasons—often referred to as underemployed
workers—was also about unchanged, at 4.9 million. (See tables A-7 and A4.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian employment declined slightly in April to a seasonally
adjusted level of 118.1 million. As a result, the proportion of the
working-age population that is employed (the employment-population ratio)
edged down to 62.9 percent in April, the same as a year earlier. (See
table A-2.)
The civilian labor force, 124.9 million, and the labor force
participation rate, 66.5 percent, were little changed over the month.




Over

- 2 -

Table A.

Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

Monthly data

Quarterly
averages

Category

!

1989

IV

!

BOOSEHOID DATA

Mar.Apr.
.change

1990

! 1990

Feb.

I

1 Mar.

! Apr.

Thousands of persons
126,0981
119,474!
124,394!
117,770!
6,624!
62,624!
827!

Total employment 1/.
Civilian labor force..
Civilian employment.
Not in labor force....
Discouraged workers.

126,300
119,758!
124,619!
118,0771
6,541!
62,793!
747!

126,308!
119,7131
124,6301
118,035
6,594!
62,782!
N.A.!

126,498!
120,003!
124,829
118,334!
6,4951
62,7001
N.A.!

126,543!
45
119,773! -230
124,886!
57
118,116! -218
6,770! 275
62,7831
83
N.A.! N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers

!
!
Black
Hispanic origin.•.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

5.3!
5.3!
4.6!
4.81
15.2!
4.5!
11.81
8.1!

i

Nonfarm employment.... !
!
Service-producing... !

5.21
5.2!
4.6!
4.71
14.5!
4.6!
10.8!
7.5!

5.21
5.3!
4.6!
4.81
14.8!
4.6!
10.51
7.8!

5.11
5.2!
4.51
4.7!
14.4!
4.5!
10.61
7.7!

5.31 0.2
5.4!
.2
4.81
.3
4.8!
.1
14.7!
.3
4.81
.3
10.4! -.2
8.0!
.3

Thousands of jobs
109,398IpllO,2141 110,304!pllO,407IpllO,471! p64
25,581! P 25,603! 25,686! p25,604! p25,489!p-115
83,816! p84,611! 84,618! p84,803! p84,982! pl79

!

Hours of work

Average weekly hours:
!
!

34.6!
40.71
3.7!

P 34.6!

p40.7!
p3.7!

1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
N.A.=not available.




34.6!
40.7!
3.61

p34.6!
p40.8!
p3.7!

p34.6.'
p.O
p40.6! p-0.2
p3.5! p-.2

p=preliminary.

- 3 -

the past year, the labor force has expanded by only 1.2 million, with adult
women accounting for three-fourths of the gain. (See table A-2.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm employment, at 110.5 million in April, was little
changed for the second consecutive month. In the goods-producing sector,
employment fell by 115,000, after seasonal adjustment. Service sector jobs
rose by 180,000, but nearly half of the increase occurred in Federal
government, reflecting the additional hiring of temporary workers to assist
with the 1990 census. Excluding the Federal government, job growth has
averaged 175,000 a month so far in 1990, down slightly from the pace of
1989. (See table B-l.)
Construction employment fell by 100,000, after seasonal adjustment.
After large fluctuations in seasonally adjusted employment, reflecting a
winter marked by unusual weather, the April count of construction jobs was
about the same as that recorded last fall. Manufacturing employment showed
further weakness; the decline was concentrated in the durable goods
component, with the largest job loss occurring in the machinery industry.
In nondurable goods, an increase of nearly 10,000 in apparel reflected the
return from March layoffs. Factory jobs have decreased by 280,000 over the
past 13 months. Mining employment increased slightly in April; since the
beginning of 1989, mining jobs have risen by 45,000, mostly in oil and gas
extraction.
In the service-producing sector, the number of government employees
increased by 130,000, as an estimated 80,000 temporary census workers were
added to the payrolls, bringing the total hired thus far to nearly 200,000.
Elsewhere, job gains were quite modest. Employment in retail trade and in
transportation and public utilities was unchanged. Within the finance,
insurance, and real estate industry, a small gain in insurance was offset
by a decline in real estate. After strong growth in the first quarter,
employment in the services industry was about unchanged overall, even
though the health services component added another 45,000 jobs.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in April at 34.6 hours, seasonally
adjusted. In manufacturing, the workweek declined 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours,
and factory overtime also fell 0.2 hour to 3.5 hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisory workers was about unchanged in April at 130.2 (1977=100),
after seasonal adjustment. The index for manufacturing declined by 0.5
percent to 93.9, and the construction index fell 4.6 percent to 139.9.
(See table B-5.)




- 4 Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Both hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 0.3 percent in April, on a
seasonally adjusted basis. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly
earnings rose 4 cents to $9,97 and average weekly earnings advanced $2,38
to $343,97. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose 3.6 percent and
weekly earnings were up 2.7 percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)

Note on Establishment Survey Data
Establishment survey data will be revised based on new benchmark
levels with the release of August data in September, to incorporate the
introduction of the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification codes.

The Employment Situation for May 1990 will be released on Friday,
June 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EOT).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics <BLS>.
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
schooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for ail
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BI.S. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for 6
months, along with the introduction of new benchmarks, which are
discussed at the end of the next section, and again with the release
of data for October. In both surveys, revisions to data published
over the previous 5 years are made once a year.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.

Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, m s regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, Including Armed Forces In the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.

Apr.
1990

187,708
124,260
66.2
118,031
62.9
1,684
116,347
3.116
113,231
6,229
5.0
63,448

189,198
125,458
66.3
118,762
62.8
1,669
117,093
2,938
114,155
6,697
5.3
63,740

189,326
125,473
66.3
119,016
62.9
1,657
117,359
3,102
114,257
6,457
5.1
63,853

187,708
125,299
66.8
118,768
63.3
1,684
117,084
3,144
113,940
6,531
5.2
62,409

188,865
126,246
66.8
119,588
63.3
1,700
117,888
3,197
114,691
6,658
5.3
62,619

188,990
126,094
66.7
119,560
63.3
1,697
117,863
3,134
114,728
6,535
5.2
62,896

189,090
126,308
66.8
119,713
63.3
1,678
118,035
3,079
114,957
6,594
5.2
62,782

189,198
126,498
66.9
120,003
63.4
1,669
118,334
3,200
115,133
6,495
5.1
62,700

189,326
126,543
66.8
119,773
63.3
1,657
118,116
3,133
114,983
6,770
5.3
62,783

90,094
68,684
76.2
65,185
72.4
1,521
63,664
3,499
5.1

90,874
69,080
76.0
65,232
71.8
1,497
63,735
3,847
5.6

90,942
69,158
76.0
65,492
72.0
1,499
63,993
3,666
5.3

90,094
69,293
76.9
65,727
73.0
1,521
64,206
3,566
5.1

90,678
69,725
76.9
66,143
72.9
1,525
64,618
3,582
5.1

90,772
69,539
76.6
65,943
72.6
1,523
64,420
3,597
5.2

90,622
69,639
76.7
66,108
72.8
1,506
64,602
3,530
5.1

90,874
69,712
76.7
66,208
72.9
1,497
64,711
3,505
5.0

90,942
69,779
76.7
66,043
72.6
1,499
64,544
3,735
5.4

97,614
55,576
56.9
52,846
54.1
163
52,683
2,730
4.9

98,324
56,379
57.3
53,529
54.4
172
53,357
2,849
5.1

98,383
56,315
57.2
53,524
54.4
158
53,366
2,790
5.0

97,614
56,006
57.4
53,041
54.3
163
52,878
2,965
5.3

98,187
56,521
57.6
53,445
54.4
175
53,270
3,076
5.4

98,218
56,555
57.6
53,617
54.6
174
53,443
2,938
5.2

98,268
56,669
57.7
53,605
54.5
172
53,433
3,064
5.4

98,324
56,785
57.8
53,795
54.7
172
53,623
2,990
5.3

98,383
56,764
57.7
53,729
54.6
158
53,571
3,034
5.3

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio'
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

,

Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutionat population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

186,024
122,576
65.9
116,347
62.5
6,229
5.1

187,529
123,789
66.0
117,093
62.4
6,697
5.4

187,669
123,816
66.0
117,359
62.5
6,457
5.2

186,024
123,615
66.5
117,084
62.9
6,531
5.3

187,165
124,546
66.5
117,888
63.0
6,658
5.3

187,293
124,397
66.4
117,863
62.9
6,535
5.3

187,412
124,630
66.5
118,035
63.0
6.594
5.3

187,529
124,829
66.6
118,334
63.1
6,495
5.2

187.669
124,886
66.5
118,116
62.9
6,770
5.4

81,413
63,370
77.8
60,430
74.2
2,277
58,154
2,940
4.6

82,378
63,932
77.6
60,654
73.6
2,125
58,530
3,277
5.1

82,487
63,980
77.6
60,848
73.8
2,263
58,585
3,132
4.9

81,413
63,638
78.2
60,716
74.6
2,270
58,446
2,922
4.6

82,055
64,071
78.1
61,154
74.5
2,293
58,861
2,917
4.6

82,168
63,958
77.8
60,976
74.2
2,269
58,706
2,983
4.7

82,248
64,101
77.9
61,172
74.4
2,254
58,918
2,929
4.6

82.378
64,183
77.9
61,270
74.4
2,268
59,002
2,913
4.5

82,487
64,251
77.9
61,138
74.1
2,258
58,879
3,113
4.8

90,318
51,855
57.4
49,578
54.9
600
48,978
2,277
4.4

91,237
52,723
57.8
50,343
55.2
598
49,746
2,380
4.5

91,330
52,786
57.8
50,439
55.2
631
49,808
2,347
4.4

90,318
52,009
57.6
49,560
54.9
638
48,922
2,449
4.7

91,042
52,586
57.8
50,048
55.0
618
49,430
2,538
4.8

91,091
52,686
57.8
50,255
55.2
594
49,661
2,431
4.6

91,157
52,814
57.9
50,287
55.2
582
49,704
2,527
4.8

91,237
52,800
57.9
50,344
55.2
648
49,696
2,456
4.7

91,330
52.954
58.0
50.427
55.2
669
49,758
2,526
4.8

14,293
7,350
51.4
6,338
44.3
240
6,098
1,012
13.8

13,914
7,135
51.3
6,095
43.8
216
5,879
1,040
14.6

13,852
7,051
50.9
6,072
43.8
208
5,865
978
13.9

14,293
7,968
55.7

14,067
7,889
66.1
6,686
47.5
286
6,400
1,203
15.2

14,034
7,752
55.2
6,631
47.3
270
6,361
1,121
14.5

14,008
7,715
55.1
6,577
47.0
243
6,334
1,138
14.8

13,914
7,846
56.4
6,720
48.3
285
6,435
1,126
14.4

13,852
7.681
55.4
6,551
47.3
206
6,345
1,130
14.7

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
Unemployed
.*.
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.,
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
•Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
,.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




47.6
236
6,572
1,160
14.6

Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted*

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

159,098
105,542
66.3
100,941
63.4
4,601
4.4

160,076
106,292
66.4
101,273
63.3
5,018
4.7

160,170
106,460
66.5
101,564
63.4
4,895
4.6

159,098
106,208
66.8
101,400
63.7
4,808
4.5

159,832
106,896
66.9
102,032
63.8
4,864
4.6

159,938
106,884
66.8
102,074
63.8
4,811
4.5

160,007
107,080
66.9
102,117
63.8
4,962
4.6

160,076
107,061
66.9
102,206
63.8
4,856
4.5

160.170
107,133
66.9
102,027
63.7
5,106
4.8

55,207
78.3
53,033
75.2
2,173
3.9

55,633
78.1
53,111
74.6
2,521
4.5

55,663
78.0
53,265
74.7
2,398
4.3

55,374
78.5
53,199
75.5
2,175
3.9

55,747
78.5
53,580
75.5
2,167
3.9

55,771
78.4
53,560
75.3
2,211
4.0

55,815
78.4
53,547
75.2
2,268
4.1

55,828
78.4
53,593
75.2
2,235
4.0

55,826
78.3
53,425
74.9
2,400
4.3

43,954
57.1
42,291
54.9
1,663
3.8

44,512
57.3
42,808
55.1
1,705
3.8

44,700
57.5
42,981
55.3
1,719
3.8

43,984
57.1
42,199
54.8
1,785
4.1

44,469
57.4
42,641
55.0
1,828
4.1

44,475
57.4
42,718
55.1
1.757
4.0

44,615
57.5
42,782
55.2
1,833
4.1

44,523
57.4
42,765
55.1
1,758
3.9

44,740
57.6
42,895
55.2
1,844
4.1

6,382
55.0
5,617
48.4
765
12.0
12.7
11.2

6,146
54.8
5,354
47.7
792
12.9
13.8
12.0

6,097
54.6
5,318
47.6
779
12.8
13.3
12.2

6,850
59.1
6,002
51.7
848
12.4
13.2
11.5

6,680
58.9
5,811
51.2
869
13.0
14.0
11.9

6,639
58.7
5,796
51.3
843
12.7
12.9
12.4

6,650
59.0
5,788
51.4
862
13.0
12.7
13.2

6,710
59.8
5,847
52.1
863
12.9
13.0
12.7

6,568
58.8
5,707
51.1
861
13.1
13.8
12.4

20,956
13,121
62.6
11,699
55.8
1,422
10.8

21,211
13,393
63.1
11,954
56.4
1,440
10.7

21,228
13,335
62.8
11,973
56.4
1,362
10.2

20,956
13,336
63.6
11,872
56.7
1,464
11.0

21,164
13,522
63.9
11,920
56.3
1,602
11.8

21,163
13,510
63.8
11,978
56.6
1,532
11.3

21,188
13,437
63.4
12,030
56.8
1,407
10.5

21,211
13,581
64.0
12,148
57.3
1,433
10.6

21,228
13,570
63.9
12,161
57.3
1,409
10.4

6,165
73.9
5,515
66.1
650
10.5

6,193
73.1
5,558
65.7
635
10.3

6,216
73.4
5,589
66.0
627
10.1

6,188
74.2
5,576
66.9
612
9.9

6,244
74.0
5,569
66.0
675
10.8

6,189
73.5
5,496
65.2
693
11.2

6,172
73.3
5,603
66.6
569
9.2

6,227
73.6
5,631
66.5
596
9.6

6,240
73.7
5,651
66.8
589
9.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
..
Participation rate
...
Employed
..
Emolovment-DODulation ratio*
Unemployed ....
..
Unemolovment rate
....

6,174
59.1
5,637
54.0
536
8.7

6,413
60.5
5,837
55.1
576
9.0

6,358
59.9
5,799
54.7
558
8.8

6,254
59.9
5,685
54.4
569
9.1

6,311
59.7
5,681
53.8
630
10.0

6,393
60.5
5,802
54.9
591
9.2

6,423
60.7
5,821
55.0
602
9.4

6,456
60.9
5,872
55.4
584
9.0

6,451
60.6
5,858
55.2
594
9.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
.
.
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

783
36.0
546
25.1
236
30.2
33.6
26.8

787
36.6
559
26.0
228
29.0
30.5
27.5

762
35.4
585
27.1
177
23.3
24.7
21.7

894
41.1
611
28.1
283
31.7
34.8
28.5

967
44.6
670
30.9
297
30.7
30.1
31.4

928
42.8
680
31.3
248
26.7
29.2
24.0

842
38.5
606
27.7
236
28.0
28 5
27.5

898
41.7
645
30.0
253
28.2
30 0
26.2

879
40.8
652
30.3
227
25.8
27 2
24.3

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional Dooulation
Particioation rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force ..
EmDlovment-DODUlation ratio2

Women, 20 years and over

Unemoloved
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional oooulation
Civilian labor force

Men, 20 years and over

See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1939

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

13,690
9,210
67.3
8,461
61.8
749
8.1

14,159
9,466
66.9
8,752
61.8
713
7.5

14,198
9,535
67.2
8,770
61.8
765
8.0

13,690
9,288
67.8
8,531
62.3
757
8.2

14,019
9,495
67.7
8,691
62.0
804
8.5

14,080
9,440
67.0
8,769
62.3
671
7.1

14,119
9,400
66.6
8,666
61.4
734
7.8

14,159
9,565
67.6
8,831
62.4
734
7.7

14,198
9,618
67.7
8,850
62.3
768
8.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

116,347
40,726
29,804
6,255

117,093
40,784
29,796
6,297

117,359
40,608
30,010
6,306

117,084
40,857
29,563
6,263

117,888
41,041
29,695
6,349

117,863
40,982
29,897
6,215

118,035
41,347
29,704
6,378

118,334
40,989
29,618
6,291

118,116
40,730
29,742
6,325

1,608
1,385
123

1,489
1,349
100

1,593
1,400
109

1,630
1,414
126

1,677
1,369
125

1,634
1,354
107

1,578
1,375
118

1,620
1,457
115

1,621
1,429
112

104,301
17,403
86,898
1,091
85,807
8,636
293

105,230
17,972
87,258
950
86,308
8,640
284

105,258
17,941
87,317
930
86,387
8,725
274

104,981
17,266
87,715
1,118
86,597
8,643
277

105,643
17,728
87,915
1,077
86,838
8,653
251

105,747
17,626
88,121
1,035
87,086
8,733
256

106,117
17,607
88,510
1,021
87,489
8,628
313

106,029
17,724
68,306
1,003
87,302
8,852
261

105,938
17,816
88,122
957
87,165
8,716
258

All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,783
2,266
2,204
16,676

4,814
2,503
1,980
16,469

4,574
2,318
1,986
15,907

5,086
2,346
2,375
15,405

4,802
2,277
2,106
15,388

4,983
2,402
2,255
14,931

4,887
2,307
2,211
15,381

5,004
2,476
2,127
15,464

4,871
2,407
2,138
15,193

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,600
2,158
2,146
16,205

4,605
2,355
1,931
15,993

4,385
2,176
1,949
15,441

4,855
2,198
2,310
14,975

4,554
2,111
2,051
14,983

4,729
4,703
2,240 I 2,183
2,172 I 2,173
14,515
14,924

4,747
2,293
2,050
14,975

4,630
2,218
2,096
14,804

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers.
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

t

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tabte A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

1989

Monthly data
_199Q_

IV

1990
.Feb.

_Mar_

Apr.

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
1.1

civilian labor force

2.4

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force for persons 25 years and over
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

4.0
4.9

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

5.1

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.3

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.4

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus
1 /2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1 / 2 of the part-time labor force

7.2

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.4

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

7.9

3.0

7.9

7.8

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

7.9

N.A. - not available.
Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

6,531
3,566
2,922
2,965
2,449
1,160

6,495
3,505
2,913
2.990
2,456
1,126

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present .
Women who maintain families

1,331
1,230
523

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost 2 .

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

6,770
3,735
3,113
3,034
2,526
1,130

5.3
5.3
4.6
5.3
4.7
14.6

5.3
5.3
4.6
5.5
4.8
15.2

5.3
5.3
4.7
5.2
4.6
14.5

5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.8
14.8

5.2
5.1
4.5
5.3
4.7
14.4

5.4
5.5
4.8
5.4
4.8
14.7

1,334
1,114
574

1.390
1,075
517

3.2
4.0
7.8

3.0
3.9
8.1

3.4
3.7
7.5

3.0
3.8
7.5

3.2
3.6
8.4

3.3
3.5
7.5

5,228
1,306

5,185
1,307

5,509
1,266

5.0
7.2
6.0

5.0
7.5
6.0

5.0
7.0
6.0

4.9
7.4
5.9

4.9
7.2
5.9

5.1
7.1
6.2

4,947
1,767
43
623
1,101
614
487
3,180
260
1,378
1,542
485
177

5,130
1,922
45
667
1,211
694
517
3,208
217
1,462
1,528
412
183

5,300
2,006
35
691
1.281
729
552
3,293
282
1,484
1,527
380
200

5.3
6.0
5.8
9.8
5.0
4.7
5.3
5.0
3.9
5.9
4.6
2.7
9.8

5.4
6.5
4.4
9.8
5.6
5.4
5.9
4.9
3.4
6.3
4.2
2.6
9.7

5.5
6.7
6.8
9.3
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.0
4.3
6.2
4.3
2.4
9.2

5.5
6.6
4.8
8.9
5.9
5.5
6.4
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.4
2.5
9.3

5.5
6.6
5.9
10.0
5.5
5.3
5.9
5.0
3.4
6.2
4.5
2.3
10.1

5.7
6.9
4.6
10.6
5.9
5.7
6.3
5.1
4.3
6.2
4.5
2.1
11.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and o\ter
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over....
Women, 20 years and over....
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
,
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for




economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

2,778
1,804
1,647
878
769

2,859
2,289
1,549
885
664

2,858
1,953
1,646
915
731

3,113
2,006
667
724

3,302
2,013
1,362
730
632

3,119
2,012
1,430
777
653

13.5
6.3

12.5
6.3

13.0
5.8

12.6
5.4

11.5
4.8

100.0
44.6
29.0
26.4
14.1
12.3

100.0
42.7
34.2
23.1
13.2
9.9

100.0
44.3
30.2
25.5
14.2
11.3

100.0
47.8
30.8
21.4
10.2
11.1

100.0
49.5
30.1
20.4
10.9
9.5

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

1,391

3,159

2,079

3,194
2.044

1,369
731

1,333
702

638

631

688

12.1
5.1

11.7
5.4

12.0
5.1

12.1
5.0

100.0
47.5
30.7
21.8
11.8
9.9

100.0
47.8
31.5
20.7
11.1
9.7

100.0
48.6
31.1
20.3
10.7
9.6

100.0
47.4
32.2
20.5
10.3
10.2

3,204
2,175
1,386.

697

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

2,990
787
2,203
889
1,720
630

3,378
1,165
2,212
955
1,798
565

3,213
944

3,097

3,038
941

1,882
692

1,853
686

2,139
1,006
1,805
680

2.097

1,625
554

3,183
1,033
2,150
1,016
1.730
640

3,103

1,065

2,932
833
2,099
985

1.859
644

1,179
1,780
617

100.0
48.0
12.6
35.4
14.3
27.6
10.1

100.0
50.4
17.4
33.0
14.3
26.9
8.4

100.0
49.8
14.6
35.1
16.5
25.2
8.6

100.0
45.2
12.8
32.3
15.2
29.0
10.7

100.0
46.3
14.3
32.0
15.8
27.7
10.3

100.0
48.5
15.7
32.7
15.5
26.3
9.7

100.0
47.1
14.6
32.4
15.3
27.4
10.3

100.0
46.3
14.4
32.0
15.5
28.4
9.8

100.0
46.8
14.9
31.9
17.5
26.5
9.2

2.4
.7
1.4
.5

2.7
.8
1.5
.5

2.6
.9
1.3
A

2.4
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.6

2.5
.8

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.5
.9

Apr.
1990

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

,

2,269

957
2,140

1,055

964

1,014

3,147

999
2,148

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




.8
1.4
.5

1.4
.5

1.4
.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over .

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

Apr
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

6,531
2,367

6,495
2,274

5.3
11.2
15.2
18.1

5.3
10.6
14.5
14.8

5.3
10.7
14.8

11.2

1,126
520
615
1,148
4,237
3,727
515

609

5.3
10.6
14.6
15.9
13.7

5.2
10.5

1,160
496
661
1,207
4,159

6,770
2,425
1,130

1,295
4,347
3,864
505

8.4
4.1
4.3
3.0

13.4
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.2

14.2
8.5
4.2
4.3
3.4

3,735
1,343
622

5.3
10.8
15.6
17.5

16.1
19.6

11.2
15.1
14.2

14.3

13.8

15.6

18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3.731
454

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

3,566
1,260
644

3.505
1,236

284
360

267
336
644

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over .

25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1

2,291

2.038
282

1.997
300

2,965

2,990
1,038
534
253
279
504

3,034
1,082
508

1,945
1.730
216

1,961
1,765

301
591
1.861
1,693

25 years and over

281
341

616
2,298

1,107
516
212

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

592

519

172

721
2,387
2,099

310

238
268
574
195

8.2
4.1
4.3
3.2
5.3
10.4

13.5
14.1
12.9
8.7
4.1
4.4
2.7

5.3
11.8

9.5
3.9
4.03.6
5.5
10.4
14.3

16.5
13.0
8.2
4.3
4.6
2.7

5.3

8.9
4.2
4.3

3.6
5.2
10.1
13.7
15.5

12.6
8.0
4.1
4.3
3.3

16.8
13.0
8.4
4.2
4.3
3.4
5.2
10.9
14.9

16.5
13.7
8.6
4.1
4.2
3.5

5.4
10.4
14.6
17.3
12.3
8.1
4.3
4.5
3.3

14.4
16.9
12.9
8.3

4.1
4.3
3.3

5.4
14.7
17.4

13.0
9.3
4.2
4.4
3.3

5.1

5.5

10.9
14.7

11.8

16.9
13.6
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.4

18.1
13.8

5.3
10.0
14.0
16.9
12.0
7.7
4.2
4.4
3.3

15.4
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.5
5.4
10.5
13.9

16.7
12.1
8.7
4.2
4.4

2.9

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed..

Not in labor force

.

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

26,926
17,034
63.3
15,406
57.2
1.628
9.6
9,892

27.453
17,498
63.7
15,820
57.6
1,678
9.6
9,955

27,499
17,356
63.1
15,795
57.4
1,562
9.0
10.142

26,926
17.352
64.4
15,676
58.2
1,676
9.7
9,574

27.332
17,648
64.6
15,841
58.0
1.807
10.2
9,684

27,355
17,602
64.3
15,827
57.9
1.775
10.1
9,753

27,405
17,545
64.0
15,927
58.1
1,618
9.2
9,860

27,453
17,727
64.6
16,061
58.5
1,667
9.4
9,726

27,499
17,687
64.3
16.075
58.5
1,613
9.1
9,812

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

Occupation
Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,457

5.1

5.2

556
296
259

563
326
237

1.8
2.0
1.6

1.8
2.2
1.5

36,904
3,920
14,092
18,893

1,347
86
600
661

1,443
94
628
721

3.6
2.3
4.2
3.5

3.8
2.3
4.3
3.7

15,204
840
1,918
12,446

15,651
716
1,930
13,005

1,149
66
80
1,003

1,054
42
55
958

7.0
7.3
4.0
7.5

6.3
5.5
2.8
6.9

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,560
4,555
4,905
4,099

13,646
4,388
5,173
4,086

797
205
439
153

827
175
449
203

5.6
4.3
8.2
3.6

5.7
3.8
8.0
4.7

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,886
8,257
4,770
4,859
755
4,104

17,411
7,795
4,772
4,845
740
4,104

1,503
650
302
552
157
394

1,694
675
317
702
181
522

7.8
7.3
5.9

8.9
8.0
6.2

10.2
17.2

12.7
19.7

8.8

11.3

3,292

3,217

221

231

6.3

6.7

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

116,347

117,359

6,229

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

30,568
14,777
15,791

30,529
14,716
15,813

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,837
3,575
13,820
18,441

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

Total, 16 years and over1

Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status
and age

Civilian labor force

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

7,389
6,435
1,840
3,221
1,374
954

7,607
6,525
1,470
3,335
1,720
1,082

6,730
6,099
1,731
3,057
1,311
631

16,022
7,302
4,654
4,066

17,045
7,818
5,020
4,207

14,965
6,924
4,336
3,705

Percent of
labor force
Apr.
Apr.

Apr.
1989

Apr.
1990

6,916
6,151
1,378
3,182
1,591
766

6,491
5,873
1,639
2,961
1,273
618

6,659
5,908
1,302
3.067
1,540
751

239
226
92
96
38
14

257
242
76
116
51
15

3.6
3.7
5.3
3.1
2.9
2.2

3.7
3.9
5.5
3.6
3.2
1.9

15,936
7,440
4,670
3,825

14,355
6,624
4,177
3,554

15,321
7,173
4,490
3,657

610
300
159
150

615
267
180
168

4.1
4.3
3.7
4.0

3.9
3.6
3.8
4.4

Apr.
_1990

Apr.

Apr.

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 30-to 34-year-old




veterans are no longer shown in this table because the group is rapidly
disappearing (into the 35-39 age category) and the numbers remaining for
some labor force categories are not large enough to warrant their
continued publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A* 13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1969

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

21,358
14,238
13,509
730
5.1

21,794
14,545
13,779
766
5.3

21,834
14,600
13,831
769
5.3

21,358
14,312
13,556
756
5.3

21,680
14,627
13.854
773
5.3

21,718
14,491
13,734
757
5.2

21,756
14,496
13,784
712
4.9

21,794
14,613
13,847
766
5.2

21,834
14,677
13,881
796
5.4

9,842
6,153
5,837
317
5.1

10,052
6,345
6,029
316
5.0

10,071
6,297
5,950
347
5.5

9,842
6,196
5,861
335
5.4

9,997
6,245
5,883
362
5.8

10,015
6,289
5,940
349
5.5

10,034
6,369
5,989
380
6.0

10,052
6,351
6,021
330
5.2

10,071
6,336
5,972
364
5.7

8,624
5,970
5,632
338
5.7

8,859
5,948
5,595
354
5.9

8,863
6,039
5,662
376
6.2

8,824
6,024
5,693
331
5.5

8,851
6,039
5,661
378
6.3

8,854
6,064
5,673
391
6.4

8,857
6,029
5,674
355
5.9

8,859
6,001
5,671
330
5.5

8,863
6,091
5,722
369
6.1

4,617
3,196
3,078
3.7

4,618
3,166
2,978
188
5.9

4,619
3,160
2,987
173
5.5

4,617
3,202
3,083
119
3.7

4,619
3,172
3,027
145
4.6

4,619
3,152
3,011
141
4.5

4,619
3,203
3,034
169
5.3

4,618
3,178
3,006
172
5.4

4,619
3,161
2,988
173
5.5

6,981
4,473
4,197
276
6.2

6,994
4,489
4,148
340
7.6

6,995
4,447
4,136
311
7.0

6,981
4,534
4,241
293
6.5

6,992
4,645
4,310
335
7.2

6,993
4,645
4,254
391
8.4

6,993
4,605
4,250
355
7.7

6,994
4,553
4,226
327
7.2

6,995
4,511
4,180
331
7.3

6,033
3,942
3,803
139
3.5

6,028
4,048
3,849
199
4.9

6,028
3,976
3,800
177
4.4

6,033
3,967
3,807
160
4.0

6,031
4,006
3,857
149
3.7

6,030
3,994
3,810
184
4.6

6,029
4,029
3,848
181
4.5

6,028
4,034
3,844
190
4.7

6,028
4,002
3,805
197
4.9

13,805
8,653
8,169
483
5.6

13,799
8,599
8,141
458
5.3

13,799
8,581
8,170
411
4.8

13,805
8,783
8,289
494
5.6

13,804
8,762
8,278
484
5.5

13,803
8,709
8,300
409
4.7

13,801
8,730
8,294
436
5.0

13,799
8,660
8,223
437
5.0

13,799
8,709
8,286
423
4.9

4,925
3,383
3,245
138
4.1

4,980
3,365
3,245
121
3.6

4,985
3,367
3,247
120
3.6

4,925
3,428
3,280
148
4.3

4,966
3,396
3,289
107
3.2

4,971
3,361
3,237
124
3.7

4,975
3,395
3,274
121
3.6

4,980
3,399
3,283
116
3.4

4,985
3,410
3,281
129
3.8

8,256
5,333
5,066
267
5.0

8,276
5,353
5,035
318
5.9

8,278
5,373
5,071
302
5.6

8,256
5,374
5,090
284
5.3

8,272
5,442
5,110
332
6.1

8,274
5,426
5,060
366
6.7

8,275
5,372
5,061
311
5.8

8,276
5,402
5,107
295
5.5

8,278
5,417
5,098
319
5.9

California
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

• 119

Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Apr.
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

9,362
5,813
5,578
235
4.0

9,380
5,915
5,599
316
5.3

9,382
5,878
5,562
315
5.4

9,362
5,883
5,623
260
4.4

9,377
5,880
5,575
305
5.2

9,378
5,875
5,568
307
5.2

9,379
5,966
5,623
343
5.7

9,380
6,004
5,694
310
5.2

9,382
5,945
5,604
341
5.7

12,183
8,360
7,779
581
7.0

12,323
8,346
7,874
473
5.7

12,337
8,386
7,887
499
6.0

12,183
8,467
7,845
622
7.3

12,288
8,423
7,866
557
6.6

12,300
8,440
7,999
441
5.2

12,312
8,494
7,949
545
6.4

12,323
8,447
7,977
470
5.6

12,337
8,495
7,955
540
6.4

Pennsylvania
Civilian nontnstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-l. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Mot seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
| Apr.
1990fi/ 1990fi/

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

JMar.
Apr.
|1990£/

107,944 108,395 109*559 110,332 108,101 109,570 109,931 110,3041110,407 110,471

Total

89,975

90,600

91,072

91,747

90,475

91,6991 91,975

92,3021 92,297

92,233

25,412

25,000

25,054

25,244

25,671

25,532 I 25,513

25,6861 25,604

25,489

747
711
733
736
Mining
391.0
416.61 415.0. 418.8
Oil and gas extraction.
I
I
5,179
4,9421
5,004
Construction
1,331.7(1,319.4 1,320.5 1,340.7
General building contractors.
Manufacturing
19,5801 19,325 19,314 19,318
Production workers
... j 13,362 13,113 13,106 13,133
Durable goods
11,573 11,343 11,340 11,337
7,542
7.727
7,521
7,527
Production workers
746.8
757.8
741.9
Lumber and wood products
745.1
522.7
536.0
522.9. 522.8
Furniture and fixtures
592.2
603.3
578.91 584.5
Stone, clay* and glass products,
765.4
788.7
767.41 766.8
Primary metal industries
275.2
266.7
268.21 267.4
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
,449.5 ,414.611 416.0 1 , 4 2 0 . 1
Fabricated metal products
148.4 2 ,144.312 137.4 2 , 1 2 4 . 9
Machinery* except electrical
981.9 1,975.6
Electrical and electronic equipment
|2 047.8 1,987.0
021.7 2,024.7
Transportation equipment
12 075.1 ,023.0
876.7
824.2
828.2
824.5
Motor vehicles and equipment.
773.8
774.4
774.1
Instruments and related products.
.1 775.7
390.2
389.6
389.8
389.2
Miscellaneous manufacturing

720
400

739
416

745
417

5,279
1,377

5,304
1,388

5,418
1,425

19,672
13,430

19,489
13,262

19,355
13,123

Total private
Goods-producing industries.

Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc . plastics pro
products
Leather and leather products5

749
421
5,433
1,415

5,485
1,436

19,4521 19,422
13,2171 13,192

ll,287j 11,3981 11,383
. 7,456| 7,5641 7,559

772
537
606
788
275
1,454
2,144
2,058
2,073
875
777
391

765
523
600
771
270
1,426
2,145
1,992
2,022
825
774
391

77 0
522
601
764 j
270
1,407.
2,1431
1,989
1,920
726
776
395

7651
522
602
767
269
1,419
2,140
1,991
2,021
825
776
395

765
523
598
765
267
1,420
2,133
1,990
2,022
824
775
392

7,981
5,591

8,072
5,686

8,080
5,683

8,068
5,672

8,054
5,653

8,039
5,633

1,612. 1,612.2
45.8
49
709,
708.7
1,055
1,062.8
693.
693.9
1,627, 211,627.3
1,102, 711,102.2
162, 21 164.9
826.9
826. 5
134.6
134.
83,895 84,505 85,088

1,657
54
728
1,098
696
1,601
1,090
162
843
143

1,676
51
719
1,081
697
1,621
1,103
163
832
137

1,676
51
713
l,07.S
69/
1,624
1,104
163
82o
13a

1,674
51.
7141
1,0631
699!
1,6251
1,1061
1651
821
136

1,669
50
711 j
l,053|
697)
1,626)
l,106|
166)
825
136

82,430

84,038

84,41$

7,982
I 8,007
j 5,6351 5,592
1,600.411,618.3
51.41 51.5
727.7) 712.5
1,100.3)1,063.9
692.1
694.4
1,60?.2 1,624.9
1,086.4 1,100.4
160.4
t 160.6
820.9
j 844.5
135.2
II 141.

I

11,600 11,409
7,7441 7,579

7491
4221

7,974
5,579

84,618

84,803

Transportation and public utilities..
Transportation
Communication and public utilities.

5.649
3,443
2,206

5,790
3,587
2,203

5,806
3,605
2,201

5,835
3,627"
2,208

5,682
3,467
2,215

5,834
3,613
2,221|

5,850
3,635|
2,2151

5,865
3,649
2,216

5,864
3,652
2,212

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,186
3,669
2,517

6,276
3,736
2,540

6,302
3,747
2,555

6,327
3,757
2,570

6,206
3,676
2,530

6,311|
3,746|
2,5651

6,3321
3,754
2,573

6,332
3,759
2,573

, |
3,762|
2,58111

19,275 19,279
Retail trade
2,404.912,388.8
General merchandise stores
3,197.013,327.5
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations... 2,148.412,141.3
6,316.0 6,195.6
Eating and drinking places

19,363
2,363.0
3,321.9
2,149.3
6,311.5

19,584
2,364.2
3,335.5
2,159.3
6,474.8

19,489
2,492
3,233
2,159
6,335

6,851
3,356
2,153
1,342

6,876
3,358
2,160
1,358

6,896
3,354
2,166
1,376

6,776
3,312
2,119
1,345

6,885
3,360
2,144
1,381

26,704 27,404 27,671 27,861
5,719.5 5,798. 6"| 5 ,839.0 5,849.3
7,512.8 7,964.6 8,026.3 8,064.0

26,651
5,760
7,528

27,419
5,852
7,884

27,557 j 27,709J 27,782
5,8851 5,899) 5,904
7,93'»| 7,981) 8,034

18,585
3,161
4,324

17,626
2,982
4,111
10,533

17,871
2,974
4,156
10,741

17,956 1 18,0021 18,110
2,9951 3,0061 3,088
4,173) 4,1971 4,203
10,783) 10,7991 10,819

Service-producing industries

Finance, insurance
Finance.
Insurance
Real estate

and real estate..

Services
Business services.
Health services. ...
Government.
Federal..
State
Local

82,532

6,749
3,302
2,117
1,330

17,969
2,982
4,222

10,765

18,295
2,991
4,289

11,015

18,487
3,082
4,316

11,089

11,100

19,7181 19,822
2,4701 2,491
3,341
3,361
2,163
2,170
6,432
6,45)
6,89.i
3,35:5
2,15^
1,391

p = preliminary.




Note on temporary census workers
The hiring of temporary workers for the 1990 decennial census affects current levels of Federal
government employment and higher aggregates. Estimates of these workers are 22,000,27,000,
117,000, and 195,000 in January, February, March, and April 1990, respectively. Preliminary
estimates in this table that include these workers may be subject to larger than normal revisions.

19,794
2,460
3,361
2,172
6,467

19,778
2,451
3,362
2,171
6,480

6,916
3,366
2,155

6,926
3,365
2,162
1,399

1,395

L

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DAT.A

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Apr.
1939

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990£/

Apr.
1990£/

Apr.
1989

Dec.
1989

Feb.
1990

Jan.
1990

Mar.
1990£/

Apr.
1990fi/
34.6

34.8

34.3

34.4

34.5

34.9

34.5

34.5

34.6

34.6

Mining

42.8

43.2

42.9

43.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Construction

37.9

37.2

37.9

37.4

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

C2)

(2)

Manufacturing
Overtime hours.

41.0
3.8

40.4
3.4

40.7
3.6

39.7
2.9

41.3
3.9

40.6
3.6

40.7
3.7

40.7
3.6

40.8
3.7

40.6
3.5

Durable goods
Overtime hours.

41.7
3.9

41.0
3.5

41.4
3.7

40.3
2.8

41.9
4.1

41.2
3.6

41,3
3.7

41.3
3.6

41.4
3.7

41.2
3.5

40.5
39.3
42.6
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
43.0
43.7
41.3
39.6

39.3
38.9
41.0
42
42
41
42
40
41
41
41.0
39.2

40.1
39.0
41.6
42.6
42.9
41.6
42.1
40.9
42.4
42.7
41.2
39.4

40.2
38.3
42.1
42^9
39.9
40.6
39.7
40.
40.
40.
38.1

40.5
39.9
42.5
43.3
43.5
41.9
42.7
41
42.8
43,
41
39.8

40.1
39
41
42.5
42.8
41.2
42.0
40.5
41.9
42.2
40.9
39.3

40.5
39.8
42.2
42.5
43.2
41.1
42.1
40.8
41.4
40.8
41.0
39.4

39.8
39.
42.
42.
42.8
41.3
42.2
41.1
41.5
41.2
41.0
39.5

40
39
41
42
42
41
42.0
41
42.
42.2
41.1
39.4

40.3
39.2
42.1
41.7
42.9
41.
41.
40.9
42.0
41.4
41.4
39.1

40.1
3.5

39.6
3.3

39.7
3.4

39.0
2.9

40.4
3.8

39.9
3.6

40.0
3.6

39.9
3.5

39.9
3.5

39.7
3.4

40,
38
41
37.1
43.1
37.8
42.
44,
41
37.8

39.8
37.7
39.9
36.4
42.7
37.6
42.2
43.9
41.0
37.3

40.0
38.8
39.8
36.2
42.9
37.9
42.4
44.4
41.2
37.3

39.6
37.9
38.6
34.8
42.3
37.1
42.6
44-9
40.0
36.1

40.7
(2)
41.7
37.6
43.4
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.6
38.3

40.6
(2)
40.2
36.3
43.1
37.6
42.7
(2)
40.8

40.5
(2)
40
36.7
43.3
37.8
42.7
(2)
40.9
37.4

40.5
(2)
40.2
36.6
43.0
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.1
38.0

40.6
(2)
40.0
36.2
43.2
37.8
42.4
(2)
41.2
37.8

40.4
(2)
39.7
36.0
43.1
37.5
42.6
(2)
40.9
37.1

Transportation and public utilities.,

39.8

39.0

39.2

39.5

40.1

39.7

Wholesale trade

38.2

37.8

37.9

38.1

38.3

Retail trade

28.9

28.3

28.5

29.0

29.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate..

36.3

35.8

35.6

36.2

(2)

32.8

32.5

32.5

32.7

32.8

Total private.

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone> clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
,
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours

,

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

j

37.2
39.3
38.0

Services

.1

JL/ Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.




28.7
(2)
32.6

39.1

39.3

39.4

38.0

38.1

38.1

38.2

28.8

28.9

28.9

29.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.7

32.7

(2)
32.5

!

32.6

2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficent orecision.
p ~ preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B~3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers.!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
Apr.
1989

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990p/

Apr.
1990 E /

$9.62
9.61

$9.91
9.88

$9.93
9.92

$9.97
9.95

Mining

13.19

13.30

13.39

13.48

564,531 574.541 574.43

582.34

Construction..

13.30

13.42

13.47

13.38

504.07

499.22

510.51

500.41

10.66

10.74

10.77

426.81

430.66

437.12

427.57

11.17
8.96

11.24
9.05
8.41

11.25

455.78
354.78
319.12
456.25
529.63
613.02
437.021
478.551
419.621
584.801
620.541
420.021
325.121

457.97 1 465.34
352.131 362.91
326.37 1 327.99
444.851 455.10
532.9« 539.32
622.99 623.77
438.13 446.78
485.41 487.10
430.03 432.72
576.85 595.30
590.40 623.85
432.55 435.07
336.34 338.45

453.38
365.02
322.49
469.84
542.05
659.37
426.53
468.12
420.03
565.96
589.56
428.09
327.28

394.42j
377.301
591.89
316.01
234.78
517.52
41/1.98
558.75
698.89
393.19)

393.90
380.56
655.67
306.43
228.98
518.60
411.81
572.54
733.67
383.60
251.98

Total private
Seasonally adjusted.

Manufacturing.
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay* and glass products
I
Primary metal industries
I
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..!
Fabricated metal products
I
Machinery* except electrical
\
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
, . . .
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.93
8.76
8.12
10.71
12.26
14.06
10.48
11.26
10.31
13.60
14.20
10.17
8.21

10.85
12.60
14.59
10.66
11.53
10.54
13.90
14.33
10.55
8.58

9.65
9.32

9.96
9.48

8.39

10.94

12.66
14.54
10.74
11.57
10.58
14.04
14.61
10.56
8.59

9.08

8.42
11.16
13.03
15.37
10.69
11.53
10.58
13.94
14.45
10.57
8.59

Apr.
1989

I

6.55

6.45
12.12
11.09
13.24
15.92
9.59
6.82

Transportation and public utilities.

12.51

12.85

12.81

12.86

Wholesale trade

10.36

10.66

10.65

10.76

i

6.52

6.73

6.75

6.77

395.75j

I

9.59

9.90

9.87

I

9.34

9.75

9.75

15.87

7.60

6.32
11.83
10.73
12.92
15.50
9.35

Retail trade
Finance* insurance* and real estate
Services
J/

15.70
7.92

10.00

Mar.
1990£/

497.90

397.79
382.80
639.04
316.01
236.75
519.95
421.83
563.50
713.06 j
396.761

501.151 502.15

i 188.43

190.46

| 348.12
354.42
9.81 | 306.351 316.88

192.38

Total private2/ !
ronc:tant C1977) dollars3/ .

..

Transportation and public utilities
Retail trade

$9.61
4. 80
li. ^
10. 40
9.9?|
12. 52
10. ^
6. 511
9.
3Z

!

1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Includes mining, not shown separately*
because its seasonal component is too small
to be separated out with sufficient
precision.
3/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers CCPI-N) is
used to deflate this series.




$9 8^
4 .80
13 60
10 .61
10 .IS
12 .71
10 S9
6 .65
9 . /y
9 .62

Jan.
1990

$9 8^
4 .74
13 T4
10 .55
10 .in
12 .79
10 S7
6 .691
9 ./b\
9 .621

Feb.
1990

Mar.
199OE/

$9.88
4.74
13.431
10.651
10.211
12.821
10.621
6.711
9.781
9.651

$9 9?
4 .75
13 47
10 .72
10 ?7
12 .85
10 6S
6 .74
9
9 .70

Apr.
1990 E /

$9
N.A
$13. 19
10. 76
10. ^7
12. 86
10 7S
6.75
9.
9.78

409.96
196.33

351.37
316.88) 320.79

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Dec.
1989

507.97

362.00

P - preliminary.

Apr.
1989

1990P/

254.391 255.13

402.95J 403.64

See footnote 1. table B-2.

Industry

Apr.

$334.78 $339.91 $341.59 $343.97
335.39 341.85 343.23 344.27

10.10
10.02
386.971
9.61
9.57
372.801
17.30
16.47
604.651
7.94
7.94
313.121
6.58
6.54
234.471
12.26
12.12
509.87
11.10 j 405.59
11.13
13.29 j 13.44
549.10
16.06 | 16.34
686.65
9.59
388.03
9.63
6.98
247.59
6.84

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

Feb.
1990

Percent
change
from:
Mar. 1990Apr. 1990

0 3
(4)
-.6
.4
1.0
.1
9
.1
1.0
.3

1
4/ Change was 0.2 percent from February
1990 to March 1990, the latest month
available.
5/ Derived by assuming that overtime
hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf.
N.A. = not available.
B/ = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb.
JMar.
|Apr.
1990 1990£/ 1990E'

Mining
Construction

128.7

128.7 128.8 129.5 130.2

130.3

130.2

98.1

103.5 101.1 102.2 102.9

102.3

100.9

81.6

84.7

84.7

86.6

136.1 127.0

131.1

135.2

139.9

94.5

94.4

93.9
91.3
102.9
109.4
88.0
63.8

96.6
98.7
64.9
75.9
80.1
100.8
140.8
101.2
83.7
115.6

94.9
97.8
57.4
73.6
77.4
99.8
138.0
101.8
86.6
112.6

100.1
103.8
73.0
82.1
86.8
102.4
138.2
100.9
82.9
119.9
56.0

98.7
105.0
66.2
78.1
82.4
102.1
138.8
102.8
85.6
115.3
52.1

97.7
104.4
64.4
75.8
79.9
102.4
133.3
102.1
86.8
114.9

142

144.1 144 6)145.3

Transportation and public utilities.

117.0 117.8
1 2 6 . 2 126.4

113.6
82.8

51.6

49.7

143.1

145.7

118.8

120.1

127.3

128.7

124.0

127.9

143.8

146.9

173.4

175.5

1125.11122. 7

I

Finance* insurance* and real estate

142.9)143.8

Services

169.21171.4
1




146.7

95.2 91.6 90 31 91.7
91.9
105.9 103.2 105 11102.5 103.7
114.6 109.1 110 5J109.7 108.9
61 89.4
91.0 87.7
83.4
64.9
68.6 65.6
65.0
51.1
50.6
52.4
50.2
83.0
92.2 88.5
88.9
92.9
93.9 92.4
91.9
96.4
99.7 95.0
96.9
93.5
101.2 95.0|
95.3
80
9 1 . 1 82.41 67
32.3
116.4 114.4 115, 115.01 115.0
8 7.61 8 6 . 5
8 7 . 1 86.3 87,

Nholesale trade

See footnote 1, table B-2.

88.2

141.0 139.5 149.5 150.6

91.5

I

1/

87.5

87.1

89.2
100.7
106.7
87.7
63.7
50.1
85.1
89.1
93.1
92.4
80.2

141.51141.8

I

87.8

97.2

85.3

93.6

98
96.4
97,
98.7
66,
68.51
81.
76.41
85.
81.11
100,
100.71
138.
139.41
100,
100.91
82. 31 81.31
119. 8(114.01
55. II 51.8

93!
98.
102.
92,
115,
36,

83.4

90.6
91.5
97.9j 100.2
108.51 108.5
83.1
85.4
64.9
65.4
50.2
50.4
87.3
88.3
93.0
92.6
9S.6
95.9
93.9
96.1
80.3
83.4
114.3 115.1
85.3
85.8

93.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Retail trade. .

Apr.

99.1

94.
103,
112,
90.
68,
53.

I

Mar.
1990£/

127.4

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures,
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery* except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Service-producing industries

Feb.
1990

98.0

96.1

Manufacturing

Jan.
1990

101.8

127.A 126.2

Total private
Goods-producing industries.

Dec.
1989

Apr.
1989

118

93.7

94.3

98.8 93.31
105.1 104.71
63
69.
78,
77.21
82,
81.51
102,
102.01
140 01140.3
102 61101.5
83 9| 85.5
114 51114.2
52.41 5S.3

97.9
104.7
67.1
76.3
79.6
102.1
140.2
101.4
87.6
115.2

50.
38.
91.1
96.4
94.8
80.3
116.4
84.9

53..0

51.5

145.3

146.4

119.8 119 41120.3

1277,2 128.1 128. 71128.9

120.8

121.6

129.1

129.5

|.8J
128.7
I
i
81144.11144.31145.21
145.4
91172.41172.71174.01

127.7 127.61128.
143
168

175.2

p - preliminary.

129.4
147.2
175.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
Time •span

! Feb
1

Jan

Apr

1 Mar
1

May

July

June

Aug

Sept

Oct.

Nov

Dec.

Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries!/
Over 1-month span i
1988..
1989. . .
1990. . .

60 .7
68 .3
58 .5

65 .5
60 .5
57 .9

Over 3-month span:
1988. ..
1989. . .
1990. . .

64 8
71
58 .2

65
70 1
E/58 .6

9
75 1

70
69

Over 6-month spam
1988. . .
1989. . .
1990 .
Over 12-month
1988.
1989 . .
1990

69

?

63
61
£/51

0
62.8
0
58 .2
6 E/49 .9

61 .3
55 .6

67 .2
59 .7

65 .6
55 .6

58 .0
57 .4

55 .4
47 .9

63.9
55.3

68 .2
60 .9

64.6
51.9

70 ?

74.6
60.2

69
64 S
E'53 2

61 9

71 1
61 6

71 9
60 7

71 ?
61 6

64 ?
53 4

65
54

70.1
55.7

73 4
57 ?

s
?

73 9
66

73 9
63 n

69 1
57 9

70 ?
57 .7

74
60 ?

73
53 4

73.9
58.3

74
58

74 f,
67 .6

75 8
66 6

74 ,9
62 .6

78 .1
63 .6

75 .•»
75 S
63 .2 E/60 .7

74.8
E/58.0

71
68

n

E'56 3

spam

7*

76 ?

1
73 6

73 2

74. «
69. 6

75.8
E'60.5

74 ,9

74.1

Manufacturing payrolls, 141 iindustries^/
Over 1-month span:
1988..
1989....
1990

58.
62 4
45 4

Over 3-month spam
1988 ....
1989. . . .
1990 ..

63 1
67 4
42. 2

Over 6-month
1988
1989...
1990 .

span:

s

1<;89. . .
199U....

59 9
49 ,6

62.4

64 .9

55. 7

•n.8

61 7
48 6

59

49 .6

51 1
45 .4

49
34 .8

62.8
52.1

64 9
48 ? 1

58.5
44.7

67 4
49 3

67 .0
48 .6

64 .5
47 .9

58 .2
34 .0

62 .1
41 .8

66 .7
41.5

71
46 .5

70.9
41.1

68 .8
34 .4

69.9
37.9

71 .6
40 .8

74.1
E/44.0

67.7
55. 7

69 .5
52 .8

66 7
48. 9

64
39 .0

66 .0
40 A

70 .9
41 .8

73. 8 1 70.?
65. 1 | 63. ft

70. 9
57. 1

71 .6 1
53 . • > 1

72. 0 1
49. 6 1

69 . 9 i
42 .9

70 .9
43 .3

69 . 1
71 .6
/0.2
42 .2 »/ 37 .9 1 e "J6.9

i

1

1

1/
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-. 3-,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the
12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P=preliminary.
NOTE:
Figures a r e the percent of industries with




58 5
46 8

66.3
58. •
>

9

span:

61 0
63 8

„n
53. 7

E/44.0 £/46 .5

£/41. 1 E/44.3

1
66 .
69. s !
E/37.

1
Over 12-month

56 ft
53. S
49. 3

1

i

1

i

69 .9 1 67.0

1

employment increasing plus o n e - half of the
industries with unchanged employment* where
50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and
decreasing employment.