Full text of The Employment Situation : April 1983

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News Sr ^

Bureau of Labor Statistics
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(202)

523-1944
523-1371
523-1959
523-1913

Washington, D.C. 20212

USDL 83-214
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
MAY 6, 1983

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

APRIL 1983

Employment rose in April and unemployment was little changed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall unemployment rate, which includes
the resident Armed Forces as part of the labor force, remained at 10.1 percent.
The
unemployment rate for civilian workers was 10.2 percent in April; it had been 10.3 in March and
10.4 in February. Both measures were down six-tenths of a percentage point from last December's
highs•
Total employment rose by 360,000 in April to 101.1 million.
Civilian employment—as
measured by the monthly survey of households—rose by the same magnitude, as the resident Armed
Forces remained unchanged.
The number of employees on nonfarm payrolls—as measured by the monthly survey of
establishments—increased by 260,000 in April, as manufacturing employment increased markedly.
Both the manufacturing workweek and overtime hours rose sharply over the month.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons, at 11.3 million, and the civilian worker unemployment
rate, 10.2 percent, were about unchanged in April, after adjustment for seasonality. Both
figures were below their December 1982 highs but remained substantially above July 1981
pre-recession lows of 7.9 million and 7.2.percent, respectively.
Among the major worker groups, the jobless rate for adult women declined from 8.8 to 8.4
percent in April.
Unemployment among adult men edged up to 9.8 percent, still below the
December 1982 high of 10.1 percent. As a result, the gap between the rates for adult men and
women rose to 1.4 percentage points. At 23.4 percent, the unemployment rate for teenagers was
little changed over the month.
The jobless rate for black workers returned to
its
December-January high of 20.8 percent, as the rate for black teenagers rose to 49.0 percent.
Among Hispanic workers, the unemployment rate declined to 14.5 percent, while the rate for white
workers, 8.9 percent, was not materially different from March. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
Jobless rates declined over the month for workers in trade and continued to edge down in
manufacturing, two of the major industries that had been adversely affected by the recession.
Unemployment among persons who lost their last job has held about steady at 6.8 million for the
past 2 months but was down substantially from last December. (See tables A-6 and A-8.)
Among the long-term unemployed, there was a decrease in the number who had been jobless for
15 to 26 weeks, but the number out of work for 6 months or more remained at 2.7 million, nearly
a quarter of the jobless total. The median duration of unemployment (11.3 weeks) rose over the
month, while the mean duration (19.0 weeks) was virtually the same as in March. (See table
A-7.)
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*



* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Establishment-Based Series to be Revised Next Month

*
*
*
*
The establishment-based series on employment, hours, and earnings *
will be revised next month to reflect the annual employment benchmark *
adjustments and updated seasonal factors.
The Employment Situation *
*
release of May data, scheduled for June 3, will include the revisions.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

- 3 Civilian Employment and the Labor Force
Civilian employment increased by nearly 360,000 in April, seasonally
several months of little change.
Adult women accounted for about
over-the-month employment increase.

adjusted, following
two-thirds of the

At 110.8 million, the civilian labor force grew by 300,000 over the previous month.
Adult
men contributed most to the increase. Since last April, the civilian labor force has grown by
1.1 million, as decreases in the number of teenagers, stemming largely from population declines,
continued to partially offset increases in the number of adults. (See table A-2.)
Industry Payroll Employment
The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls rose by 260,000 to 89.2 million in
April, seasonally adjusted. Payroll jobs have increased by 650,000 since the December 1982 low.
The April increase was pervasive, with*73 percent of the industries in the BLS index of
diffusion registering over-the-month gains. (See tables B-l and B-6.)
Tabic A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly averages

Mar. Apr.
change

1983

Jfcr

HOUSEHOLD DATA"
Labor force 1/
Total employment
1/.....
Civilian labor force
,
Civilian employment....
Unemployment
Not in labor force
,
Discouraged workers.....

110,956 112,638
101,324 100,799
109,292 110,974
99,6601 99,135
9,632 11,839
62,205 62,072
1,331
1,849

Thousands of
112,193 112,217
100,755 100,727
110,528 110,553
99.090J 99,063
11,439 11,490
62,977 62,952
1,764'
N.A.

persons
112,148 112,457|
100,767 101,129
110,484 110,786
99,103 99,458*
11,381 11,328
63,172 63,008
N.A.
N.A.

8.7
8.8
7.81
7.6|
21.9
7.7
17.4
12.4

10.5
10.7
10.0
9.0
24.3
9.5
20.4
15.2

309
362
302
355
-53
-164
N.A.

10.2
10.3
9.7
8.9
22.8|
9.1
20.1
15.9

10.2
10.4
9.9
8.9
22.2
9.2J
19-7)
15.8!

10.1
10.3
9.6|
8.8
23.5
9.0|
19.91
16.2

10.1
10.2
9.8
8.4
23.4
8.9
20.8
14.5

0
-0.1
0.2
-0.4
-0.1
-0.1
0.9
-1.7

Thousands of jobs
90,408! 88,731 88,878p] 88,759 88,955p] 89,213p
24,588 23,102 23,077pf 23,018 23,050pj 23,183p
65,819 65,629 65,801p 65,741 65,905p 66,030p

258p
133p
125p

ESTABLISWENT DATA

Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing i n d u s t r i e s . .
Service-producing industries

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm..
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime.
"T7 Includes the resident Armed Forces,
p-preliminary.




34.8
38.7
2.3

34.7
38.9
2.3

Hour8 of Work
The average workweek of production or nonsupervlsory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was
up two-tenths of an hour in March to 35.0 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing
workweek (40.1 hours) and factory overtime (3.0 hours) rose by a half hour over the month and
approximated the levels which prevailed prior to the recession. Gains in the factory workweek
were widespread throughout both the durable and nondurable goods industries. (See table B-2.)

34.8p
39.5pf
2.4p|

34.5
39.1
2.3

34.8p
39.6p
2.5p

35.0p
40. lp
3.Op

N.A.-not available.

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls was up 0.8 percent In April to 104.3 (1977-100).
The manufacturing
index increased 2.1 percent over the month to 87.3 and was 5.1 percent above the December 1982
recession low. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers U
All c i v i l i a n workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic o r i g i n

Employment in the services industry rose by more than 100,000 for the second month in a row;
the increase brought employment In that industry to 800,000 above its pre-recesslon level.
Elsewhere in the service-producing sector, jobs increased in transportation and public
utilities and finance, insurance, and real estate, while trade and government employment showed
little change over the month.

Monthly data

Category
1982

Manufacturing employment, which was especially hard,hit during the recession, continued to
expand, rising 110,000 from March and 250,000 since December. Virtually all of the durable
goods Industries showed April employment growth, with marked improvements in lumber and wood
products, electrical equipment, and transportation equipment, Industries which have also shown
substantial job pickups since December.
Among nondurables, only the rubber and plastics
products Industry posted a strong gain. Construction jobs were also up in April.

0.2p
0.5p
0.5p

Average hourly earnings increased by 0.6 percent in April to $7.94, seasonally adjusted,
while average weekly earnings rose by 1.2 percent, a result of the longer workweek. Before
adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings of $7.93 were up 3 cents over the month and
35 cents over the year. Average weekly earnings increased $1.83 in April to $275.96 and were up
$13.69 over the year. (See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 153.9 (1977-100) in April, seasonally adjusted, 0.3
percent higher than in March. For the 12 months ended in April, the increase (before seasonal
adjustment) was 5.2 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations In overtime in manufacturing and interindustry
employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI Increased 1.7 percent
during the 12-month period ended in March. (See table B-4.)

Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes approximately 180,000 establishments employing about 36 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had
no employment during the survey week; they were available
for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Also included
among the unemployed are persons not looking for work
because they were laid off and waiting to be recalled and those
expecting to report to a job within 30 days.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special




grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the. following:
— T h e household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, private household workers, and members of
the resident Armed Forces;
— T h e household survey includes people on unpaid leave
among the employed; the establishment survey does not;
— T h e household survey is limited to those 16 years of age
and older; the establishment survey is not limited by age;
— T h e household survey has no duplication of individuals,
because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job or
otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may b : obtained from the BLS upon
request.

Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force
and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo
sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each June,
when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all

employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample
will differ by no more than the standard error from the results
of a complete census. The chances are 90 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6
times the standard error from the results of a complete census.
At the 90-percent level of confidence~the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses—the error for the monthly change in
total employment is on the order of plus or minus 335,000; for
total unemployment it is 240,000; and, for the overall
unemployment rate, it is 0.21 percentage point. These figures
do not mean that the sample results are off by these

magnitudes but, rather, that the chances arc 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates bv more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .29 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.28 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.

Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $6.00 per issue or $39.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P. and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

i A-1. Employmsnt status of tns population, Inctudlnq Aimsd Foross in Ins UnRsd Statss, by ssx




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabls A-2. Employmsnt status of ths civilian population by ssx and ags
(Numbire In thou—nd»)
maNy •

Feb.
1983

Bar.
1983

TOTAL

82.8**
S3.3)2
76.*
57,«53
69.*
1.529
55.92*
5,850
9.2

93.558
•7,130
52.3
«3.073
• 7.5
139
•2.93*
• .107
8.7

175.320
111.537
63.6
99.658
56.8
1.66*
97.99*
2.971
95.023
11.879
10.7
6 3.78«

175.*65
111.5*6
63.6
100,511
57.3
1.671
98,8*0
3.185
95.€55
11,035
9.9
63,919

173.512
111.«08
5«.2
101.152
58.3
1.668
99.«8*
3,356
96,128
10.256
9.2
62.10«

17«,86«
112,79*
6*.5
100.758
57.6
1,665
99.093
3,*11
93,592
12.336
10.7
62.070

175.021
112.215
5«.1
100.770
57.6
1.657
99.103
3,*12
95.691
11.««6
10.2
62.806

83.789
63.6*5
76.0
56.3»7
67.2
1.528
5».819
7,298
11.5

83,856
63.700
76.0
56,96*
67.9
1.530
55.•J*
6.736
10.6

82.8««
63.829
77.3
57.973
70.0
1.529
56,«M
5,856
9.2

83.581
6«,38«
77.0
57.338
58.6
1.529
55.809
7,3*6
10.9

83.652
63.916
76.*
57.283
58.5
1.531
55.752
6,633
10.1

91.532
•7,891
S2.3
•3.311
•7.3
136

91,609
•7,8*6
52.2
•3.5*7
•7.5
1«1
•3,«06
•.299
9.0

90,668
•7,579
52.5
•3.179
•7.6
139
•3,0«0
•.•00
9.2

91.283
«8,«10
53.0
«3,«20
• 7.6
136
«3.28«
• .990
10.3

91.369
•8.299
52.9
«3,«86
• 7.6
136
•3.350
• .813
10.0

175.169
112.217
64.1
100.727
57.5
1,*64
99.063
3,393
95.670
11.490
10.2
62.952

175.320
112.148
64.0
100.76"'
57.5
1.664
«9.103
3.375
95.729
11.381
10. 1
63.172

17«?,465
112.157
64. 1
101.129
57.6
1.671
99.458
3,371
96.088
11,328
10. 1
61,009

1.528
55.706
6,762
10.6

83.789
63.957
76.3
57.300
68. 4
1.528
55.772
6,6^7
10.4

83.856
64.207
76.6
57,476
68.5
1.530
55.9U6
6,731
10.5

«1.4»9
•8.220
5?. 7
*3.*93
• 7.6
136
•3.357
*.727
9.8

91.532
•8.191
52.6
U3.<»67
• 7.5
136
•3.331
4.724
9.E

91.609
48.251
52.7
43.653
47.7
1»1
43.512
4,597
9.5

Civilian nonlnatltuttonal population
Civilian labor fore*
Participation rata
Employad
Employmant-populatlon ratio*
.Unamployad
to

171,8U4
108,814
63.3
98.858
57.5
9.957
9.2

173,656
109,873
63.3
97,994
56.4
11,879

173,794
109,875
63.2
98,840
56.9
11.035
10.0

171,844
109,740
63.9
99.*84
57.9
10.256
9.3

173,199
111.129
64.2
99.093
57.2
12.336
10.8

173,354
110.548
53.8
99,103
57.2
11,446
10.4

173.505
110.553
63.7
99.063
57. 1
11,490
10.4

73.656
10,«8*
63.6
99.103
57.1

173,794
110,786
63.7
99.458
57.2
11.328
10.2

73,392
57,586
78.5
52.735
71.9
2,332
50,404
4,851
8.4

74.528
58.220
78.1
51,982
69.7
2,214
49,768
6.239
10.7

74,611,
58,262
78.1
52.469
70.3
2,322
50.147
5.793
9.9

73,392
57.794
78.7
53.024
72.2
2,417
50.607
4.773
8.3

74,236
58.443
78.7
52.534
70.8
2,389
53,145
5,909
10.1

74,339
58.048
78.1
52.452
70.6
2,426
50.025
5,597
9.6

74,434
58,177
78.2
52.428
70.4
2,374
50,054
5.749
9.9

74,528
58.170
78.1
52,589
70.6
2.420
50.169
5,581
9.6

74.611
58.454
78.3
52.752
70.7
2.404
50,318
5,702
9.8

82.591
43,267
52.4
39,939
48.4
551
39,388
3,328
7.7

52.8
40.411
48.3
544
39.868
3,823
8.6

83,794
44.142
52.7
40.618
48.5
572
43,046
3.524
8.0

82.591
43.355
52.5
39.827
48.2
600
39.227
3.528
8.1

83.383
44,286
53.1
40,215
48.2
628
39.587
4.071
9.2

83.490
44,201
52.9
40.238
48.2
625
39.613
3.963
9.0

83.593
44,216
52.9
40,291
48.2
657
39,634
3,925
8.9

83,699
44,166
52.8
•0,277
48.1
647
39,630
3.889
8.8

83,794
44,238
52.8
40,509
48.3
622
39,P86
3.729
8.4

15,861
7.961
50.2
6.183
39.3
239
5.894
1,778
22.3

15.429
7,418
48.1
5.601
36.3
213
5,388
1.818
24.5

15,389
7,471
• 8.5
5.753
37.«
291
5,462
1,718
23.0

15,861
8,591
54.2
6.633
41.8
339
6,294
1,958
22.8

15.580
8.400
53.9
6,344
40.7
394
5.950
2.356
24.5

15.525
8.299
53.5
6,413
• 1.3
361
6.052
1.886
22.7

52.7
6,345
41.0
362
5.983
1,815
22.2

15,429
8,148
52.8
6,237
40.4
308
5.929
1.911
23.5

15,389
8,094
52.6
6,197
40.3
344
5.853
1,897
23.4

iMAt SV y M A MM OV
Civilian nonlnatltuttonal population
Civilian labor fore*
Participation rata
Employmant-populatlon ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural Induatrlaa
Untfiiployod

Womofit 20 y w s M M O

Civilian nonlnatltuttonal population..
Civilian labor fore*

Employmant-populatlon ratio* .
Agriculture..

• Tha population ftqur— are not adjuatad for •aaaonal variation; tharefore, Kfantlcal
numbare appaar In tna unadjuatod a

' Civilian amptoymant aa a pareant of tha civilian nontnatltuttonal population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
TaMa A-3. Employmant atatua of tha civilian population by raca, aax, aga, and HIapanIc origin

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tabla A-4. Salactad amploymant indicator*

CHARACTERISTIC

The population figures are not adjusted
a percent of




1X9.2)9
95.252
53.9
87.509
58. 6
7.743
8.1

150,382
9 5 , 5 99
63.6
86,385
57.4
9.214
9.6

150.518
95.631
63.5
87.216
57.9

50.933
78.9
47.109
73.0
3,824
7.5

51.298
78.5
46.320
70.9
4,977
9.7

51,290
78.4
46.767

37.16*
51.9
34,696
48.5
2.i»59
6.6

37,672
52.1
34.931
48.3
2.742
7.3

37,690
52.1
35.147
48.6
2.543
6.7

37,169
51.9
34,531
48.3
2.638
7.1

37,934
52,6
34,847
48.3
3.087
8.1

5.704
43.3
1.453
20.3
21.6
18.9

51.9
5.134
40.2
1.495
22.6
25.0
19.9

6.651
52.2
5.303

7,663
58.2
6,098
46.3
1,565
20.4
21.9
18.8

7.368
57.1
5,773
44.8
1.595
21.6
22.8
20.4

7.349
57. 1
5.880

59.4
9.031
48.8
1.955
17.8

18,823
11.415
60.6
9.102
48.4
2.314
20.3

18,851
11,412
60.5
9,108
48.3
2.304
20.2

18,511
11.20T
60.5
9 , 135

18.740
11,522
61.5
9.127
48.7
2.395
20.8

18.768
11,542
51.5
9,142
48.7
2,400
20.8

5.310
74.3
4.418
61.9
894
16.8

5,440
74.5
4,359
59.7
1.081
19.9

5,505
75.2
4,397
60.1
1,107
20.1

5,345
74.7
4.438
62.1
907
17.0

5.020
55.2
4,263

5.315
57.3
4,369
47.1
946
17.8

5.217
56.1
4,350
46.8
867
16.6

5.063
55.6
4.285
47.1
773
15.4

656
29.0
351
15.5
305
46.5

661
29.5
3 75
16.7
287
43.3
46.8
38.9

691
30.9
360
16.1
330
47.8
48.1
47.6

793
35.1
412
18.2
381
48.0
4*.4
47.7

9.235
5.897
63.9
5.170
56.0
727
12.3

9.551
5.998
62.8
5,017
52.5
980
16.3

9.665
6.128
63.4
5.262
54.4
865
14.1

9.235
5.966

149.249
95.941
54.3
88.011
59.3
7.930
8.3

153.129
96,176
64.1
87.466
58.3
8.711
9.1

46.823
72.0
4,739

5 , 2 07
56.5
4,349
47.1
858
16.5

420
19.6
412

9,301
5,898
63.4
4,998
53.7
900
15.3

150.187
95,987
63.9
87,194
58. 1
8.793
9.2

Civilian employed, 16 years and o v e r . . .

Women who maintain families .

37.588
52.1
34,695
48. 1
,e°3
7.7

37,539
51.9
34.723
48.0
2.787
7.4

7,248
56.?
5.817
45.4
1.431
19.7
21. 1
ie.2

7,273
56.9
5.719
44.8
1,554
21.4
22.9
19.7

1«,796
11,548
61.4
9.276
49.4
2.271
19.7

61.4
9.253
49.2
2.302
19.9

5.459
75.1
4.385
60.3
1,075
19.7

5.439
74.5
4.416
60.5
1.023
18.8

5,295
57.3
4.329
46.8
965
IP.2

5.350
57.7
4,404
47.5
946
17.7

4,441
48.0
912

788
35.0
428
19.0
360
45.7
45.9
45.5

754
33.5
4J2
18.3
342
45.4
45.3
45.4

765
34.1
432
19.3
333
43.5
44.5
42.3

9.328
5.981
64.1
5.053
54.2
929
15.5

9.368
5,99?
64.0
5,042
S3.8
950
15.8

9.551
6,074
63.6
5.088
53.3
986
16.2

NOTE: Detail tar the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to ft
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hlspsntes are IncK

98,358
38,328
23.953
5.120

98,840
37,335
24,444
4,969

99,484
38,212
23,891
5.093

37,450
24,205
5.038

99.063
37.428
24.070
5.050

99. 103
37,452
24,171
5.097

99,458
37.523
24,371
4,944

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private Industries .'.
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

51.214
78.4
46,883
71.8
4.332
8.5

51.033
78.4
46.752
71.8
4.281
8.4

37.794
52.4
34,834
48.3
2,960
7.8

150.382
95.996
63.8
87.324
58. 1
8.672
9.0

1.342
1.586
244

1.309
1.450
212

1.452
1,541
192

1,442
1.656
266

1.547
1,627
224

1.5 37
1.587
231

1,624
1.54 1
223

1.515
1.585
260

1,560
1,607
208

8,333
5.716
2.321
1,150
1 , 171
7,223
423

87.271
15.746
7 1 , 52 6
1,184
70.342
7,378
374

87,781
15,782
71,999
1,163
70,836
7,513
360

88,454
15.464
72.990
1.196
71.794
7.246
410

87,976
15,477
72.499
1.163
71.33«
7.335
383

87.813
15,386
72,427
1,162
71,265
7,465

87,794
15.501
72.293
1.232
71.061
7.385
353

87.912
15.457.
72.459
1.235
71.225
7,453
342

88,187
15,518
72,668
1,205
71,463
7,529
353

90.534
71.973
5.326
2,163
3,163
13.235

91.151
71.950
6.023
1,96 6
4.057
13.178

92,004
73,005
5,589
1,841
3,748
13,410

90.755
72.562
5,750
2,197
3.553
12.443

93.219
71.499
6,425
2,153
4.272
12.295

90.903
71.786
6.845
2.200
4.645
12.271

90.207
71.564
6.481
2.097
4,384
12.162

90.271
71.878
6,202
1.927
4.275
12.191

92,267
73,594
6,082
1,871
4,211
12,592

PERSONS AT WORK'
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for econorr
Usually work full tl
Usually work part <
Part time for noneconomic <

< Excludes persons "with a fob but not at work" during the survey p
reasons as vacation. Illness, or Industrial dispute.

TaMa A-5. Ranga of unamptoymant maaauraa baaad on varying daf Inltlona of unamploymant and tha labor forca,
seasonally adjuatad

U-1
2.5

3.0

3.3

4.0

4.2

4.2

3.9

4.9

5.5

6.0

6.6

6.2

6.2

6.1

Chilian labor force
U-2

Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

U-3

Unemployed-persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force
Unemployed full-time Jobseekers as a percent of the full-time
civilian labor force

U-4

U4e

Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force. Including the
rootoont Aimed Forces

U4b

Total unemployed as s percent of the dvMlsn labor force

U-6

Total full-time Jobseekers plus V* part-time jobseekers plus V, total on pan ti
for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less Vi of th
part-time labor force

U-7

Total full-time Jobseekers plus % pert-time Jobseekers plus % totsl on part
time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less % of the
part-time labor force

5.5

8.0

8.6

8.7

10.2
9.3

9.8

10.5

10.2

10.2

10.1

9.4

10.0

10.7

10.3

10.4

10.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected unemployment Indicator*, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
fin thousands)

unemployment rates

Category
Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Dec.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

11,381
6,657
5,581
4,724
3,889
1,911

11,328
6,731
5,702
4,597
3,729
1,897

9.3
9.4
8.3
9.3
8. 1
22.8

10.
11.
10.
10.
9.
24.

10.4
10.6
9.6
10.0
9.0
22.7

10.4
10.8
9.9
9.8
8.9
22.2

10.3
10.7
9.6
9.8
8.8
23.5

10.2
10.7
9.8
9.6
8.4
23.4

2,432
1,960
559

2,853
1,954
797

2,886
1,906
750

6.0
7.6
11.5

13

7. 1
7.8
13.2

7.
7,
13.

7.1
7.5
13.5

8,575
1,712

9,751
1,641

9,702
1,650

9. 1
10.8
10.4

10.8
11.
12.

10.3
10.6
11.7

10.
10.
12.

10.
10.
11.8

7,994
126
1,002
2,563
1,588
975
391
2,026
1,786
343
247

8,762
203
1,072
2,807
1,810
997
447
2,307
1,92 6
977
294

8,551
218
1,083
2,711
1,747
964
436
2,161
1,941
1,002
323

9.
10.
19.
11.
11.
10.
6.
9.
7.
5.
14.

11.
18.
22.
14.
17.
11.
8.
11.
7.
5.
16.

10.8
17.1
20.
13.
14.
10.
7.
10.8
7. 6
5.7
16.0

10.
18.
19.
13.
14.
11,
8.
1Q.
7,
6.
16.

10.8
18.6
20.3
12.8
14.
11.
7.
11.

Ape.
1992

Mar.
1983

10,256
5,856
4,773
4,400
3,528
1,953

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost*

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing .'.
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
* Aggregate hours* lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic

•7.

5.
16.

10.5
20.3
20.3
12.4
13.5
10.8
7.7
10*4
7.3
6.1
17.2

reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
I seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Apr.
1982

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

3,463
2,351
3,642
1,996
1,646

3,127
3,423
5,330
2,352
2,978

3,118
2,772
5,145
2,184
2,961

3,930
3,255
3,080
1,582
1,498

4,019
3,460
4,732
2,125
2,607

3,536
3,328
4,534
1,928
2,706

3,731
3,106
4,618
1,928
2,689

3,440
3, 140
4,615
1,875
2,740

3,547
3,154
4,356
1,662
2,694

16.0
9.8

20.7
12.9

14.3
8.3

18.0
10. 1

19.4
11.5

19.0
9.6

19.1
10.3

19.0
11.3

9,957
34.8
28.6
36.6
20.0
16.5

11,879
26.3
28.8
44. 9
19.8
25.1

11,446
30.8
28.9
40.3
16.8
23.5

11,490
32.6
27.1
40.3
16.8
23.5

11,381
30.7
28.1
41.2
16.7
24.5

11,328
32.1
28.5
39.4
*15.0
24.4

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

21.
13.

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over




11,035
28.3
25.1
46.6
19.8
26.8

10,256
38.3
31.7
30.0
15.4
14.6

12,036
32.9
28.3
38.8
17.4
21.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)

Apr.
1982

War.
1983

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Dae.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

6,000
1.960
4,340
838
2,138
980

7,560
2,336
5,224
854
2,407
1,056

6,872
1,940
4,932
760
2,274
1,129

5,889
1,967
3,922
901
2,342
1,096

7,295
2,468
4,827
826
2,629
1,288

6,704
2,131
4,573
839
2,623
1,174

6,809
2,024
4,784
848
2,491
1, 161

6,823
1,945
4,878
901
2,426
1,155

6,750
1,948
4,803
815
2,488
1,245

100.3
60.3
19.7
40.6
8.4
21.5
9.8

100.
63.
19.
44.
7.
20.
8.

100.0
62.3
17.6
44.7
6.9
20.6
10.2

100.0
57.6
"19.2
38.3
8.8
22.9
10.7

100.0
60.6
20.5
40. 1
6.9
21.8
10.7

100.0
59.1
18.8
40.3
7.4
23.1
10.4

100.0
60.2
17.9
42.3
7.5
22.0
10.3

100.0
60.4
17.2
43.1
8.0
21.5
10.2

100.0
59.
17.
42.
7.
22.
11.

5.4
.8
2.1
1.0

6.6
.7
2.4
1.2

6.1

6.2
.8
2.3
1.1

6.2
.8
2.2
1.0

6.1
.7
2.2
1. 1

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
5.5
.8
2.3
.9

Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6.9
.8
2.2
1.0

6.3
.7
2. 1
1.0

2.4
1.1

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
rof
P»r
(In thousands)

Sex and age

Unemployment rates'

Apr.
1982

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

De3.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

10,256
4,297
1,958
838
1,131
2,339
5,946
5,179
733

11,381
4,375
1,911
774
1,162
2.464
7,029
6,206
803

11,328
4,353
1,897
812
1,095
2,456
6,954
6,079
832

9.3
17.4
22.8
24.4
21.8
14.5
7.0
7.4
4.9

10.8
18.9
24.5
27.4
22.7
16.0
8.6
9.1
5.8

10.4
18.3
22.7
24.1
21.7
16.1
8. 1
8.7
5.4

10.
18.
22.
23.
21.
16.
8.
8.
5.

10.3
18.1
23.5
25.1
22.7
15.4
8.1
8.7
5.4

10.
18.
23.
26.
21.
15.
8.
8.
5.

Men, 16 years and over...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19years . . . .
20 to 24 years.
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
56 years and over . . .

5,856
2,448
1,086
452
637
1,362
3,.402
2,931
449

6,657
2,479
1,076
425
656
1,403
4,199
3,652
520

6,731
2,478
1,029
429
604
1,449
4,237
3,646
562

9.4
18.7
24.-1
24.8
23.7
15.9
6.9
7.3
5.0

11.
20.
25.
29.
24.
17.8
8.8

10.6
19.7
23.9
24.4
23.5
17.6
8.2
8.7
5.8

10.8
19.8
23,
23,
23,
17.8
8.5
9.1
5.7

10.7
19.5
25.3
26.0
24.8
16.6
8.4
9.0
5.8

10.7
19.4
24.4
27.0
22.8
17.'0
8.5
8.9
6.3

Women, 16 years and over
18 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16to 17years . . . .
18to 1*years . . . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . .

4,400
1,849
872
386
494
977
2,544
2,248
284

4,724
1,896
83 5
349
506
1,061
2,830
2,554
283

4,597
1,874
868
383
491
1,006
2,717
2,434
270

9.3
16.0
21.3
24.0
19.8
13.0
7.1
7.5
4.7

10.3
17.1
23.0
25.6
21.3
14.0
8.2
8.8
5.1

10.0
16.7
21.5
23.7
19.8
14.2
7.9
8.7
4.8

9.
16.
20.
23.
19.
14.
7.
8.
4,

9.8
16.6
21.5
24.2
20.5
14.1
7.7
8.3
4.7

9.
16.
22.
25.
20.
13.
7.
7.
4.

Total, 18 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16to17years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Number* In thousands)

Employment status

Civilian noninstltutional population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not In labor force

Ape.
1982

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Dec.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

22,596
13,562
60.0

23,275
14,274

23,276

22.596

23,143

14,244

13,799
61.1
11,484
50.8
2,315

14,376

23,225
14,408
52.0

23,318
14,420
61.8
11,828
50.7

23,275
14,456

23,276
14,487

11,349
50.2
2,213
16.3

9,033

61.3

61.2

11,609

11,624

49.9
2,665

49.9
2,620

18.7
9,000

18.4

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

9,033

16.8
8,797

62.1
11,674
50.4
2,702
18.8

11,668
50.2
2,740
19.0

8,767

62.1

62.2

11,779

11,759
50.5
2,728
18.8

50.6
2,677

2,593
18.0

8,817

18.5
8,819

8,898

8,789

' Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstltutional population.

Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1

Apr.
1982

Apr.
1983

98,858.

98,840

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

23,207
10,562
12,645

23,805
10,813
12,992

Technical, sales, and administrative support

30,480
2,965
11,032
16,484

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

ADr.
1982
9,957

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Apr.
1983

11,035

9.2

10.0

642
325
317

82?
441
388

2.7
.3.0
2.4

3.
3.
2.

30,601
2,990
11,432
1*6, 180

1,869
116
738
1,015

2,060
131
8*70
1,060

5.8
3.8
6.3
5.8

6.
4.
7.
6.

13,398
971
1,593
10,834

13,407
936
1,562
10,910

1,581
57
100
1,424

1,700

10.6
5.5
5.9

11.

67
116
1,517

11.6

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

11,842
3,941
3,985
3,915

11,881

1,389.
325
711
352

1,662
408
813
441

10.5
7.6
15. 1
8.3

12.

4,021
4,063
3,796

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

16,478
8,099
4,153
4,216
482
3,734

15,641
7,530
4,077
4,034
528
3,506

3,183
1,524
594
1,066
255
811

3,194

263

16.2
15.8
12.5
20.2
34.6

73 8

17.8

17.
16.
13.
19.
33.
17.4

3,406

3,503

323

395

8.7

10.1

Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Persons with no previous work experience are Included In the unemployed total.




1,536
657
1,001

6.
6.
12.

9.
16.
10.

NOTE: Occupational detail may not add to totals because of changes In the estimation procedures.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

TaMa A-12. Employmant atatua of mala Vlatnam-ara vatarana and nonvatarana by aga, not aaaaonally adjuatad
(Numbers In thousands)

Civilian labor force
Chilian
Unemployed

Total

Apr.
1982

\pr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Apr.
1983

8,675
7,19*
1,277
3,023
2,8941,48.1

7,837
5,944
718
2,244
2,982
1,393

8,181
6,884
1,176
2,898
2,810
1,297

7,292
5,639
662
2,105
2,872
1,653

7,472
6,240
971
2,629
2,640
1,232

6,620
5,085
561
1,885
2,639
1,535

709
644
205
269
170
65

672
554
101
220
233
118

17,99*
8,101
5,867
4,031

19,303
8,647
6,564
4,497

18,726
8,124
6,318
4,284

15,633
6,870
5,199
3,564

16,813
7,094
5,739
3,930

1,412
754
430
228

1,913
1,030
529
354

Apr.
1982

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Apr.
1983

8.
9.
17.
9.
6.
5.

9.2
9.8
15.3
10.5
8.1
7.1

VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 39 years
40 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
36 to 39 years

17,045
7,624
5,62 9
3,792

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served In the Armed Forces between
August 5,1964 and May 7,1975. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Arm-




e.3
9.9
7.6
6.0

10.2
12.7
8.4
8.3

ed Forces; published data are limited to those 25 to 39 years of age, the group that moat
closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

Revised veterans' population estimates
April 1983 data for veterans are based fully on 1980 census results. This updating was
a two-stage process. The first stage occurred in November 1982, when revised
geographic estimates for veterans were introduced. The second stage used revised census age and prior military service distributions. In each case, population revisions
resulted in lower estimates for veterans and correspondingly higher estimates for
nonveterans.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the oivlllan population for ten large States
(Numbers In thouaands)

Apr.
1982

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

Apr.
1982

Dec.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
1983

Apr.
1983

18,367
12,042
10,907
1,135
9.4

18,687
12,165
10,835
1,330
10.9

18,713
12,100
10,901
1,199
9.9

18,367
12,101
10,974
1,327
9.3

18,606
12,300
10,950
1,350
11.0

18,633
12,262
10,909
1,353
11.0

18,660
12,263
10,893
1,370
11.2

18,687
12,216
10,926
1,290
10.6

18,713
12,153
10,962
1,191
9.8

8,067
4,607
4,244
363
7.9

8,284
4,610
4,202

8,284

4,897
4,399
498
10.2

4,268

4,228

8,302
4,748
4,338

8.4

8,225
4,819
4,360
459
9.5

8,264
4,727

8.9

8,067
4,623
4,244
379
8.2

8,245

408

8,302
4,727
4,332
395

459
9.7

411
8.9

410
8.6

8,525
5,557
4,996
561
10tl

8,543
5,626
4,922
704
12.5

8,544

8,525

8,540

5,537
4,878
659
11.9

5,603
5,019
584
10.4

4,829
709
12.8

8,541
5,641
4,929
712
12.6

8,542
5,639
4,880
759
13.5

8,543
5,692
5,000
692
12.2

4,898
682
12.2

4,469
2,940
2,706
234
8.0

4,501
2,956
2,719
237
8,0

4,503
2,945
2,748
197
6.7

4,469
3,000
2,751
249
8.3

4,492
2,974
2,744
230
7.7

4,495
2,997
2,759

4,501
2,981
2,744
237

7.9

4,498
2,921
2,698
223
7.6

8.0

4,503
3,009
2,797
212
7.0

Civilian -noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,758
4,202
3,550
652
15.5

6,731
4,227
3,507
720
17.0

6,728

6,758
4,257
3,623
634
14.9

6,738
4,293
3,558
735
17.1

6,736
4,324
3,654
670
15.5

6,733
4,273
3,639
634
14.8

6,731
4,297
3,622
675
15.7

6,728
4,344
3,695
649
14.9

Civilian noninatitutlonal population.

5,691
3,595
3,276
319

5,734
3,574
3,250
325
9.1

5,738

5,691
3,634
3,311
323
8.9

5,723
3,626
3,292
334
9.2

5,727
3,609
3,311

5,730
3,623
3,314
309

5,734
3,595
3,292
303
8.4

5,738

3,604
3,336
268
7.4

13,491
7,971
7,351
620
7.8

13,568
792
9.8

13,572
7,969
7,255
714
9.0

13,491
8,018
7,368
650
8.1

13,550
7,959
7,237
722
9.1

13,556
7,920
7,224
696
8.8

13,562
7,917
7,221
696
8.8

13,568
8,036
7,291
745
9.3

13,572
8,015
7,271
744
9.3

8,051
5,061
4,454
607
12.0

8,068
5,027
4,339
688
13.7

8,068
5., 088
4,435
653
12.8

8,051
5,134
4,507
627
12.2

8,065
5,116
4,389
727
14.2

8,066
5,016
4,316
700
14.0

8,067
5,047
4,361
686
13.6

8,068
5,104
4,431
673
13.2

8,068
5,158

9,128
5,418
*4,862
556
10.3

9,151
5,307
4,571
736
13.9

9,152
5,327
4,636
691
13.0

9,128
5,471
4,897
574
10.5

9,146
5,540

9,149
5,416
4,700
716
13.2

9,151
5,357
4,638
719
13.4

9,152
5,377
4,669

698
12.6

9,148
5,447
4,704
743
13.6

10,851
7,274
6,844
430
5.9

11,170
7,530
6,875
655
8.7

11,196
7,529
6,922
607
8.1

10,851
7,315
6,844
471

11,090
7,527
6,926
601

11,117
7,616
6,993
623

California
Civilian noninatitutlonal population.

Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Civilian noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian iaborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Civilian noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian Iaborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,538

4,639

8,544
5,580

Maaaachuaetta

Civilian noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian Iaborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

238

Michigan

Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ,

8.9

4,288

3,622
666
15.5

298
8.3

8.5

3,637
3,367
270
7.4

New York

Civilian noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian labor fotce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,044
7,252

Ohio
Civilian noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Civilian noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4,842

4,485

673
13.0

• 708

13.2

Texaa

Civilian noninatitutlonal population.
Civilian Iaborforce
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Theee ara the official Buraau of Labor 8taliatica' aatimataa i
Federal fund allocation programs.




11,143
7,569
6,900
669

11,170
7,567
6,887
680
, ,.9-Q,,

11,196
7,569
6,919
650
8
.
8
8.0
8.6
8^2
'The population ffgurae i e not adjuatad for aaeaonal variation; therefore, Identical numbere
In the unadjueted an I the aeaaonally adjusted columna.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricuitural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total
Goods-producing

Apr.
1982

Feb.
1983

Ma r.
1983

89,984

87,744

88,341

24,040

22,452

22,628

P

Apr.
1983

Dec .
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
1983

89,117 90,083

88,565

88,920

88,759

88,955

22,939 24,289

22,986

|23,162

23,018

23,050

p

Apr.
1982

Mining

1,171

986

981

981

1,182

1,037

1,027

1,005

997

Construction

3,796

3,393

3,486

3,671

3,938

3,818

3,927

3,787

3,777

Manufacturing
Production workers

19,073
12,971

18,073
12,145

18,161
12,236

18,287 19,169
12,359 13,042

18,131
12,172

18,208
12,246

18,226
12,267

18,276
12,323

Durable goods
Production workers

11,356
7,572

10,536
6,886

10,602
6,958

10,706 11,375
7,054 7,576

10,519
6,853

10,576
6,913

10,607
6,939

10,640
6,981

603.0
443.8
580
977

621.0
434.8
531.4
805.8

827.7
1,374.9
2,072.1
1,993.0
1,718.7
677.2
380.3

615
443
584
976
1,481
2,389
2,034
1,748
713
392

621
436
552
803
1,358
2,086
1,946
1,662
682
373

633
436
554
815
1,368
2,067
1,964
1,679
684
376

640
433
554
810
1,371
2,060
1,972
1,711
681
375

649
440
556
820
1,371
2,062
1,982
1,702
679
379

7,581
5,305

7,794
5,466

7,612
5,319

7,632
5,333

7,619
5,328

7,636
5,342

1,643
67
773
1,165
664
1,274
1,082
206
706
214

1,636
66
725
1,131
650
1,265
1,054
206
678
201

1,637
67
723
1,145
650
1,270
1,052
207
680
201

1,627
65
723
1,143
649
1,268
1,052
206
685
201

1,629
65
727
1,139
650
1,273
1,050
206
695
202

66,178 65,794

65,579

65,758

65,741

65,905

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

1,476
2,396
2,027
1,749
711.1
390.0

7,717
5,399
1,578
62
770
1,167
662
1,273
1,080
203.8
704.2
213.4
65,944

1,365
2,070
1,969
1,690
678
367
7,537
5,259
1,571.
64.
722,
1,136.
644,
1,268.
1,046,
201.
683
198.
65,292

633,
440.
541,
818.
,367,
,070.
,976
,703.
676
374,
7,559
5,278
1,570.1
61.8
725
1,138
646
1,274
1,048
202
691.8
200.2
65,713

652.
449.
559.8

1,566.
59.
730.
1,139.
648.
1,277.
1,051.
204.
702.
200.

5,058

4,874

4,885

5,094

4,983

4,949

4,938

4,934

Wholesale and retail trade

20,446

20,04?

20,173

20,374 20,584

20,316

20,487

20,448

20,521

Wholesale trade

5,307
15,139

5,156
14,890

5,173
15,000

5,188 5,323
15,186 15,261

5,205
15,111

5,197
15,290

5,192
15,256

5,199
15,322

5,319

5,353

5,374

5,335

5,377

5,384

5,396

5,406

4,920

p

Retail trade
5,408

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal government
State and local government.:
pa preliminary.




18,967

19,030

19,237

19,457 18,929

19,148

19,200

19,203

19,314

16,154

15,989

16,044

16,019 15,852

15,755

15,738

15,756

15,7 30

2,730
13,424

2,737
13.252

2,737

2,730

2,761
12,994

2,749
12,989

2,751
13,005

2,748
12,982

2,746

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry
Seasonally adjusted

adjusted

Not
Industry

Apr.
1982
Total private.

Feb.
1983

Mar
1983 Pi

1983

p

l

Apr.
1982

Dec.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

1983

Apr.
1983

34.6

34.2

34.7

34.8

34.9

34.8

35.1

34.5

34,8

35,0

Mining

42.7

41.3

41.2

41.1

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Construction

36.7

35.4

36.7

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

38.7
2.1

38.9
2.3

39.6
2.5

39.7
2.7

39.0
2.4

38.9
2.3

39.8
2.3

39.1
2.3

39.6
2.5

40.1
3.0

Durable goods . . .
Overtime hours

39.2
2.0

39.4
2.2

40.1
2.4

40.3
2.6

39.5
2.2

39.2
2.1

40.2
2.1

39.5
2.2

40,0
2.4

40.6
2.9

37.
37
39,
38,
39.
39,
39.
40,
39.
38.

38.
37,
39.
39,
39,
39,
39.
40,
39.
37,

39.
38,
40.
39,
40.
40,
39.
41,
40.
38.

39.7
39.0
40.9
40.0
40.3
40.0
39.9
41.9
40.0
39.0

37.
37.
40.
38.
39.
40.
39.
41.
39.
38.

38.
37.
40.
38.
39.
39.
39.
39,
39.
38,

40.8
38.8
41. 6
38. 9

39,
33<
40.
39,
39.
39,

40,
39,
41.

39.7
39.9
41.7
40.6
39.4

39.
37,
40.
38,
39i
39,
39,
41,
39,
37,

39.8
41.9
40,1
38,8

39.8
40.
40,
40.
42,
40,
39.

38.1
2.3

38.2*
2.4

38.9
2.6

39.0
2.7

38.4
2.6

38.5
2.5

39.3
2.5

38.5
2.5

38,9
2.8

39,4
3.0

38.8
36.6
37.2
34.4
41.8
36.8
40.
44.
39.
35.

38.6
34.1
38.7
34.7
41.1
36.8
40.9
43.3
39.7
34.7

38.8

36
39,
35
41.
37
41.
43
40.
35

38.
38,
40.
35
42.
37,
41.
44,
41.
36,

39.4
(2)
37.7
34.7
42.1
37.1
40.7
44.0
39.8
35.6

39.2
(2)
38.
35,
41,
37,
40.
44,
39,

39.4
(2)

39.1
(2)
38.9
35,0
41.3
37.1
41.0
44.6
39.8
34.9

39.2
(2)
39.6
35
42
37
41
45
40
35

39,4
(2)
40.
35.
42.
37.
41.
44.
41,3
37.0

38.4

38.5

38.6

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

31.8

32.1

32.0

31.3

32.0

31.9

38.3
29.8

38.4
30.2

38.7
30.0

38.2
29.2

38.5
30.0

38.5
29.9

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products...
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods.
Overtime hours .
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trad*.
Retail trade

30.9

35.8

39.8

40.
36.
41.
37,
41.
44.
40.
36.
(2)

38.2
29.6

37.9
28.7

38.4
29.6

38.4
29.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate

36.2

36.1

36.0

36.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Services

32.5

32.4

32.6

32.5

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.5

32.7

32.7

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private
nonagrlcultural payrolls.




1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision.
p • preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Total private
Seasonally adjusted
Mining
Construction

Apr.
1982

Feb.
1983

1983

Apr .
1983

Apr .
1982

$7.58
7.59

$7.92
7.90

$7.90
7.89

$7.93
7.94

$262.27
264.89

$274.13 $275.96
277.90
274.57

454.76

466.69

461.44

460.32

415.44

423.03

432.43

437.10

325.85

340.38

346.50

348.57

8.94

9.31

9.31

350.45

366.81

372.93

375.19

7.24
6.21
8.72
11.24
8.69
9.24
8.03
10.89
8.07
6.35

7.76
6.51
9.11
11.54
9.05
9.42
8.51
11.49
8.78
6.73

11.28
9.05
9.44
8.54
11.49
8.79
6.74

79
53
18
36
08
44
8.52
11.54
8.77
6.72

270.05
230.39
347.93
434.99
338.91
367.75
313.17
441.05
318.77
242.57

301.86
243.47
358.93
451.21
354.76
371.15
334.44
469.94
348.57
253.72

304.94
251.29
370.58
446.69
362.00
377.60
340.75
481.43
354.24
262.19

309.26
254.67
375.46
454.40
365.92
377.60
339.95
483.53
350.80
262.08

7.65

8.00

8.01

8.05

291.47

305.60

311.59

313.95

10.05
5.79
5.18
9.11
8.59
9.81
12.50

8.10
9.97
6.10
5.32
9.66
8.98
10.43
13.26

8.14*
10.33
6.11
5.31
9.68
9.02
10.41
13.35
7.91
5.53

8.19
10.47
6.13
5.33
9.70
9.04
10.47
13.47
7.93
5.52

306.52
367.83
215.39
178.19
380.80
316.11
399.27
550.00
297.04
187.26

312.66
339.98
236.07
184.60
397.03
330.46
426.59
574.16
313.23
191.20

315.83
377.05
242.57
188.51
405.59
337.35
428.89
584.73
321.15
197.42

317.77
398.91
245.20
189.22
408.37
338.10
432.41
595.37
325.13
202.03

10.14

10.71

10.68

10.71

393.43

411.26

411.18

413.41

6.42

6.44

195.91

199.92

Nondurable goods

Transportation and public utilities

$270.86
272.55

Apr.
1983

10.65

8.42

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Mar.
1983

11.32

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Feb.
1983

Wholesale and retail trade

6.18

Wholesale trade

204.79

7.97
5.44

8.32
5.71

8.29
5.68

8.33
5.69

304.45
161.02

315.33
163.88

318.34
168.13

319.87
168.99

6.64

7.25

7.25

7.29

240.37

261.73

261.00

262.44

6.81

7.19

7.18

7.19

221.33

232.96

234.07

233.68

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(1977=100)

Percent
change
from:

Industry
Apr.
1982

Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public uUIIHn
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance,
realesti
Services
1
2
3
4

Feb.
1983

Mar.

146.
93.
156.
137.
150.
146.
144.

153.8
95.5
165.4
144.1
157.4
156.1
150.2

153.5
95.1
164.0
143.6
157.0
155.5
150.1

154.0
N.A.
164.6
144.4
157.2
155.7
150.9

145.4
145.6-

158.1
153.4

157.9
153.2

158.7
153.7

1983p|

Apr
1983p|

Apr.
19 8 2.Apr.
1983

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
1982

Dec.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

5.2
(2)
5.2
5.2
4.2
6.3
4.5

146.3
93.7
(4)
138.7
150.8
146.9
143.7

152.1
94.3
(4)
143.8
155.6
153.4
148.6

152.8
94.8
(4)
143.8
156.6
155.1
148.9

153.4
95.3
(4)
145.5
157.4
155.7
149.3

9.2
5.6

144.9
145.1

153.7
152.4

156.9
152.2

156.3
152.2

Apr
1983PJ

Mar.
1983Apr.
1983

153.4
95.0
(4)
144.9
157.1
156.5
149.4

53.9
N.A.
(4)
45.9
57.2
56.2
50.2

0.3
(3)
(4)
.7
.1
-.2
.5

157.4
152.4

158.2
153.2 I

Mar
1983PI

See footnote 1, table B - 2 .
Percent change was 1.7 from March 1982 to March 1983, the latest month available.
Percent change was -0.4 from February 1983 to March 1983, the latest month a v a i l a b l e .
Mining is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
N.A. - not available,
p • preliminary.




and/or

.5
.5

irregular

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted

Industry
Apr.
1982

Feb.
1983

Mar
Apr
Apr.
1983 Pi 1983 PI 1982

Dec.
1982

Jan.
1983

Feb.
1983

Mar.
Apr.
1983 P| 1983

102.8

104.3

102.1

103.5

103.9

99.3

101.6

91.1

83.2

85.8

87.7

93.0

86.4

89.8

86.7

87.7

89.5

135.4

104.9

104.0

'103.8

138.4

112.8

114.5

108.1

106.1

105.8

Construction

96.0

80.3

85.7

92.1

100.9

97.0

106.4

95.2

94.4

96.6

Manufacturing

88.1

82.8

84.9

86.1

89.3

83.1

85.5

84.1

85.5

87.3

79.6
81.4
86.0
71.3
60.8
78.3
79.7
93.0
77.9
98.2
75.6

82.
84,
90.
75,
63.
80.
80.
95.
80.
99.
80,

83.
87,
93.
78,
64.8
81.
81.
96.
81.
98.
82.

87.8
77.6
87.8
80.2
73.6
85.8
99.2
97.8
81.4
107.4
84.2

78.9
80.3
86.8
75.6
59
77,
80.
91.
73.
99.
79.

80.5
85.2
86.3
76.6
60.8
79.3
79
93
78
98
78

82.1
87.1
89.2
77.7
62.8
80
80
94
80
99
81

84.
90.
93.
79.
64.
82.
81.
97.
82.
99.
83.

Total private

Goods-producing
Mining

105.2

104.3

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

87.
75.
87.
79,
74.
84.
99.
97.
80.
106.
83.

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products

89.5
89.0
80.1
76.7
84.7
93.0
105.8
95.4
94.8
93.0
78.4

87.4
88.6
79.1
74.9
82.8
88.8
104.5
92.3
93.2
90.9
70.9

89.
89.
79.
77.
85.
90.
106.
93.
96.
94.
73.

90.2
88.8
79.2
78.5
85.1
91.8
107.3
94.0
100.0
97.7
75.8

91.
95.
89.
78.
85.
94.
106.
95.
96.
94.
79.

89.
94.
90.
74.
83.
90.
105.
93.
97.
89.
73.

91.3
95.5
92.8
77.9
88.9
90.9
106.7
9 3.'4
98.6
90.8
76.5

89.3
94.2
80.8
75.4
84
90
105
93
99
90
72

90.
94.
86.
77.
84.
91.
106.
93.
101.
93.
74.8

92.1
95.1
87.9
79.8
85.9
92.8
107.8
94.0
101.6
98.5
77.1

110.9

108.2

110.4

111.6

111.9

111.8

112.2

110.5

112.3

112.5

Transportation and public utilities

101.3

96.4

96.9

97.7

102.8

99.9

98.4

97.7

98.4

99.3

Wholesale and retail trade

104.0

99.4

102.6

103.9

105.5

104.9

105.5

103.0

105.6

105.2

108.8
102.1

104.5
97.4

106.0
101.3

106.3
103.0

109.5
103.9

107.0
104.0

107.6
104.7

106.0
101.8

106.9
105.0

107.0
104.6

116.4

116.0

116.3

117.2

117.0

117.6

118.3

117.0

116.9

117.7

121.1

120.9

123.0

124.2

121.5

122.8

123.6

122.4

124.0

124.5

Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
1

See footnote 1, table B-2.

81.
87.
89.
79.
60.
79.
80.
94.
78.
101.
81.

P

p = preliminary.

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased
Time
span

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over
1-month
span

56.7
32.5
54.8

48.7
42.5
39.2

51.1
35.8
60.5p

68.3
40.9
72.6p

65.3
51.1

54.0
32.0

59.9
43.5

50.3
37.6

50.3
43.0

34.7
26.1

28.2
34.9

31.2
39.0

Over
3-month
span

53.5
28.0
41.1

52.2
31.2
51.3p

60.2 *
33.6
64.2p

70.2
37.1

70.4
35.8

65.9
35.8

59.4
27.7

57.0
31.7

40.1
27.7

30.6
28.0

26.3
23.9

23.4
38.2

Over
6-month
span

64.8
21.8
49.7p

65.9
27.4

67.2
27.4

67.7
29.8

67.2
28.8

67.5
30.1

51.3
24.2

39.0
21.0

33.9
24.7

30.1
28.2

27.7
28.0

24.2
33.3p

Over
12-month
span

73.9
23.1

71.0
23.1

70.4
21.2

62.1
18.8

50.0
18.0

43.3
,21.0

35.2
24.7

33.6
21.8

31.5
25.Op

27.2
3 4 . 9p

27.7

25.8

1983

1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3, and 6 month spans, on payrolls
of 186 private nonagricultural industries,
p as preliminary.

* U . S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:




1983-381-806:359

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans.

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