Full text of The Employment Situation : April 1982
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- 2 dropped by 1.5 million from last July. While employment of adult women was little changed over
this period, that for adult men declined by 890,000, and teenage employment fell by 540,000.
The percentage of the population employed continued to trend downward; at 57.1 percent in April,
the employment-population ratio was 1.7 percentage points below its 1981 high.
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information:
Press contact:
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523-1371
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USDL 82-166
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDAY,
MAY 7, 1982
The civilian labor force grew by 300,000 over the month to 109.6 million.
Labor force
growth over the past year has been slow, about 900,000, reflecting reduced labor force
participation among adult men and teenagers, as well as a decline in the size of the teenage
population.
While the participation rate for adult women did rise over the year, the Increase
was much smaller than in recent years. (See table A-l.)
Industry Payroll Employment
Advance copies of this release are made available to the press with
the explicit understanding that, prior to 8:30 A.M. Eastern time:
(1) Wire services will not move over their wires copy based on
information in this release, (2) electronic media will not feed such
information to member stations, and (3) representatives of news
organizations will not contact anyone outside the Bureau of Labor
Statistics to ask questions or solicit comments about information in
this release.
Total nonagricultural payroll employment declined by 200,000 in April, after adjustment for
seasonality, to 90.6 million. Job losses since last September have totaled 1.5 million, with 1.2
million occurring in manufacturing alone. Over-the-month employment curtailments were fairly
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Category
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
APRIL 1982
Unemployment increased in April and employment declined after seasonal adjustment, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The Nation's
unemployment rate rose from 9.0 to 9.4 percent, the highest recorded in the post-World War II
era.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as derived from the monthly survey of establishments—-declined
by 200,000. Total employment—as derived from the monthly survey of households—edged down for
the second consecutive month. Since their peaks last year, both employment series have declined
by about 1.5 million.
Unemployment
Unemployment, which usually declines In April, fell less than seasonally and, after seasonal
adjustment was up by 450,000. The overall unemployment rate rose four-tenths of a point to 9.4
percent. It had been 7.2 percent last July, the pre-recession series low*
The April rise in unemployment was widespread, as adult men (8.2 percent), adult women (8.3
percent), and teenagers (23.0 percent) experienced increases in their jobless rates* The rise
in unemployment was felt most heavily by workers in the construction and durable goods
manufacturing industries. The unemployment rate for blue-collar workers rose to a record 13.7
percent in April, up from 9.5 percent last July. In contrast, the rate for white-collar workers
was about unchanged over the month, at 4.9 percent; it has risen by about a percentage point
since July. (See tables A-l and A-5.)
Among race-ethnic groups, the jobless rate for white workers rose to 8.4 percent in April,
up from 6.3 percent last July. The unemployment rate for black workers was 18.4 percent; it had
been 14.9 percent in July. The rate for Hispanics, 12.5 percent, was 2-1/2 points above the
July level. (See table A-2.)
About three-fifths of the over-the-month Increase in joblessness was among job losers, who
accounted for 57 percent of the unemployed* The median duration of unemployment rose from 7.6
to 8.5 weeks, while the mean duration was little changed at 14.2 weeks. Increases occurred in
the number of persons unemployed less than 15 weeks and those out of work for 27 weeks or
longer* (See tables A-6 and A-7.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force
After seasonal adjustment, total employment edged down in both March and April, with the
2-month decline totaling a quarter of a million workers. At 99.3 million, total employment has
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not In labor force
Discouraged workers
Unemployment r a t e s :
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin
Full-time workers
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries
Service-producing industries
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
I Quarterly averages
f
Monthly data
|
1
I
I
I
I
I
i
l
l
I Mar. I
1981
| 1982 |
1982
I Apr.
I
I
I
I
|
1
1 change
I
I
I IV
I I
I Feb. | Mar. I Apr. |
I
|
Thousands of persons
1108,107| 109,156| 109,130| 109,165| 109,346| 109,6481
302
1100,125| 100,043 | 99,554| 99,5901 99,4921 99,340|
-152
I 7,9821 9,113| 9,576| 9,5751 9,854| 10,307|
453
I 61,1721 61,834| 62,3671 62,324) 62,321| 62,197|
-124
I 1,0931 1,1991 1,339|
N.A.| N.A.| N.A.|
N.A.
I
j
!
!
I
!
!
I
Percent of labor force
I
I
J
I
I
1
I
I
7.4|
8.3|
8.8|
8.8|
9.01
9.4|
0.4
I
6.0|
7.2|
7.7|
7.6|
7.9|
8.2|
0.3
I
6.61
7.2|
7.6|
7.6|
7.9|
8.3|
0.4
I
19.11
21.1|
21.9|
22.3|
21.9|
23.0|
1.1
I
6.5|
7.3|
7.7|
7.7l
7.9|
8.41
0.5
I 14.61
17.0| 17.4) 17.3| 18.0| 18.4|
0.4
1 11.0| 11.11
12.4| 12.61
12.7| 12.5| -0.2
1
7.1|
8.1J
8.6|
8.51
8.91
9.21
0.3
1
I
!
!
I
!
|
|
|
Thousands of jobs
| 91,232| 91,489|90,886p| 91,019)90,760pl90,562p| -198p
| 25,670| 25,395|24,749p| 24,836)24,609p)24,435p| -174p
1 65,562| 66,094(66,137p| 66,183|66,151p|66,127p|
-24p
I
\
i
!
!
I
!
I
I
I
1 35.31
I 39.9|
I - 2.91
I
p-preliminary.
(
Hours of work
I
1
I
I
I
35.0| 34.7p|
35.0| 34.9p| 34.8p(
39.3) 38.6p|
39.51 39.0p| 39.lp)
2.5| 2.3p|
2.4) 2.3pl
2.4p|
!
!
I
!
!
N.A.-not available.
-O.lp
O.lp
O.lp
Explanatory Note
widespread, as employment
gains were registered
in only two-fifths of the 172 industries
comprising the BLS diffusion index of private nonagricultural payroll employment.
(See tables
a—l and B-o.)
Job cutbacks in construction and manufacturing accounted
for most of the over-the-month
decline.
Construction employment was down 85,000 in April; over the past year, nearly 1 in 10
construction jobs have been lost. Employment in manufacturing continued to decline in April,
though the over-the-month decrease of 80,000 was smaller than in most previous months of the
current downturn. Most of the reduction occurred within durable goods industries, where the
largest
cutbacks took place
in machinery, primary and fabricated metals, and transportation
equipment.
In the nondurable goods sector, changes were generally small except for an increase
in textile mill products and a decrease in apparel. Elsewhere In the goods-producing sector,
jobs in mining continued the downward trend that has totaled 25,000 since last December.
Employment in the service-producing sector edged down for the second month in a row.
An
increase of 65,000 in services was countered by declines of 65,000 in retail trade and 25,000 In
government.
Hours of Work
The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private
nonagricultural
payrolls was 34.8 hours in April, down 0.1 hour over the month. Average hours in manufacturing
were up 0.1 hour, as an increase of 0.2 hour in durable goods more than offset a small decline
in nondurables. Factory overtime hours were also up 0.1 hour in April. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm p a y r o l l s — a
comprehensive measure of both employment and hours effects—dropped 0.4
percent in April to 105.7 (1977-100). The manufacturing index also declined 0.4 percent
in
April to 89.9. Since last July, the factory index has fallen 10.5 percent. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earning^
Average hourly earnings rose 0.3 percent
in April, while average weekly earnings were
virtually unchanged, after seasonal adjustment.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average
hourly earnings rose 2 cents to $7.56, 43 cents above a year earlier.
Weekly earnings were
little changed over the month but Increased $10.60 over the past year. (See table B-3.)
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey
(establishment survey). The household survey provides
the information on the labor force, total employment,
and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60.000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of
the Census with most of the finding.; analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on
the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information
is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes approximately
166.000 establishments:employing about 35 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In
the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the
month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of
technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable
variance in results between a survey of a sample and a
census of the entire population. Each of these factors is
explained below.
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 146.4 (1977-100) In April, seasonally adjusted,
0.4
percent
higher than in March. For the 12 months ended in April, the increase (before seasonal
adjustment) was 7.1 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to
underlying wage
rate movements—fluctuations
in overtime in manufacturing and interindustry
employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing
power, the HEI increased 0.7 percent
during the 12-month period ended in March. (See table B-4.)
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are
selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at
which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or
more in an enterprise operated by a member of their
family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave
because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor
and management, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of
their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the survey week; they
were available for work at that time; and they made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are
persons not looking for work because they were laid off
and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number
employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the
civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
The definitions are provided in the table. The most
restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate
is U-5.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment
survey only counts wage and salary employees whose
names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural
firms. As a result, there are many differences between
the two surveys, among which are the following:
---The household survey, although based on a
smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the
self-employed, unpa-d family workers, and private
household workers;
-—The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed; the establishment survey
does not;
— T h e household survey is limited to those 16 years
of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited
by age;
-—The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once;
in the establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are
described in 'Comparing Employment Estimates from
Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a
large number each June, when schools close and many
young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a
year, for example, seasonality may account for as much
as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in
unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical
trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from
month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or
increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to
determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students
finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is
made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and
unemployment contain components such as age and sex.
Statistics for all employees, production workers,
average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually
yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted employment components and four
seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of
total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor
force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June
period and again for the July-December period. The
January revision is applied to data that have been
published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment
are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which arc discussed at the end
of the next section.
Additional statistics and other information
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the
estimate of the number of people employed and the
other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from thefiguresthat would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount
of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard
errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey,
and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than
the standard error from the results of a complete census.
The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on
the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's
employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide
variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive
statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS, It is available for $3.75
per issue or $31.00 per year from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of
Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey
data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, the standard errors appear
in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes."
Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision
due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables
M, P, Q, and R of that publication.
standard error from the results of a complete census. At
the 90-percent level of confidence-the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly
change in total employment is on the order of plus or
minus 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000;
and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19
percentage point. These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather,
that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the "true" level
or rate would not be expected to differ from the
estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced
when the data are cumulated for several months, such
as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule,
the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling
error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate
of the size of the labor force is subject to less
error than is the estimate of the number unemployed.
And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller
than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless
rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is
1.06 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the'2 most
current months are based on incomplete returns; for this
reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. When all the returns in the sample have been
received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data
for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final
form in December. To remove errors that build up over
time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes
can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sax and age
(Numb»f» In thousands)
174,020
73.8*3
2.175
2,176
71,667 171,344
108,814
38.761
63.4
63.3
98,(71
98,858
56.8
56.6 I
3.172
2.96*
95,686
95,507
9.957
10.290
9.2
9.5
63,030
62,906
81.193
*2.3»1
52.1
39,748
18.9
559
39.189
2.593
16.615
16,335
8,611
52.8
7,046
«2.«
6.6S7
1,565
18.2
171,489
109.165
63.7
99,590
57.3
3,373
96,217
9,575
8.8
62.324
173.643
2.175
171.667
109,346
63.7
99,492
57.2
3.349
96. 144
9.BS4
9.0
62,321
83,218
1.987
81.231
62.082
76.4
56,472
67.9
5,610
9.0
80,293
62.392
77.3
57,792
73.3
4.33)
6.9
92,978
t,)83
83,999
62,303
76.9
55.725
68.4
5.578
9.0
33.054
1.975
81,079
61,966
76.4
56.629
68.2
5, 338
8.6
83.129
1.983
81,146
62.042
76.5
56,658
68.2
5,384
8.7
75, s 121
1,729
73,392
57.5SS
78.5
52,736
70.2
2,332
50,404
4,851
ft. 4
73.817
1,575
72.142
57.157
79.2
53.823
72.9
2,»19
51,401
3.337
5.8
74,714
1,694
71,320
57,665
79.0
53,122
71.1
2,311
53,811
4.543
7.9
74,810
1,690
73,120
57.368
78.5
53.047
70.9
2,390
50.657
4,322
7.5
74.906
75.015
1.697
1,728
73.209
73,287
57.1
57,554
78.5
78.5
53.097
53,006
70.9 I
70.7
2,386
2.377
50,711
50.62)
4,351
«,543
7.6
7.9
9J.529
47,041
89,361
46,685
52.2
43,086
30.352
185
J0,t67
46.B81
52.0
42,888
47.5
3,993
8.5
90,441 ; 90,528
1B4
185
90,256
90,343
46.913
47.123
52.0
52.2
42.952
42,932
»7.5
47.4
3,960
4,191
8.9
90..62S
188
90,437
47.264
52.3
43,020
47.5
4.243
9.0
83,218
1.987'
81.231
61,738
76.0
55,533
66.7
6.206
10.1
83,303
1,987
81.315
61.773
76.0
55,924
67.1
75.315
1.728
73.287
57,585
78.6
52.118
69.9
2.194
50,224
5,167
9.0
90.625
188
90,437
47.323
52.0
42,939
47.4
4,084
8.7
171,779 | 173.330
173,495
2.159
2,164 I
2.129
169,641
171,335
171,166
I 5 3* 7 7 7 139,184
138.879
64.1
S31.5
63.8
99.581
99.S13
100,878
57.4
59.7
57.5 |
3,411
3,173
3,209
97.408
96,404 J 96,170
9.298
7.899
9,571
7-3
8.8 I
60,864
61,982
52.0
42,934
82.643
162
82.478
43,356
52.6
40,310
48.4
525
39.485
3,346
7.7
32.751
162
82,591
»3.267
52.4
39,939
48.3
551
81.338
115
81.193
42,332
52.1
39,536
48.6
639
38,927
2,796
6.6
92,306
156
82,151
42,BBS
52.2
39,713
48.3
572
39,141
3.175
7.4
82,415
155
92.260
42,868
52.1
39,764
48.2
64 9
39,115
3.104
7.2
82,523
156
82.367
43.031
52.2
39,744
48.2
628
39,116
3.286
7.6
82,640
162
82,478
43.243
52.4
39,807
48.2
636
39,172
3.435
7.9
16.188
285
15,902
7,820
49.2
6,043
37.3
245
5.798
1,777
22.7
16,146
285
15,861
7.961
50.2
6.183
38.3
tS.615
310
16,305 [
9,288
57.0
7.522
45.3
442
7.080
1,766
19.0
16.310
315
15,995
8.631
54.0
6.778
41.6
16,269
314
li.955
8,643
54.2
6.771
41.6
373
6.398
1,872
21.7
16,228
316
15,913
8,686
54.6
6.748
41.6
359
6.389
1.938
22.3
16,188
285
15,902
8.549
53.8
6,679
41.3
336
6.343
1,873
21.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
(In thousands)
Table A-2. Employment status of the population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
CHARACTERISTIC
100.3*5
39,075
2*.091
117,539
94,436
61.0
68,615
5,851
6.2
95,101
63.8
87,088
8,013
S3,539
79.6
47,794
2,735
50,937
79.1
16,830
4,106
Woman, 20 year* and over
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
34,414
1,936
5.2
37,218
52.1
34.716
2,502
6.7
Both »****, 1 * 1 * year*
Civilian labor lorce
Participation rata
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
-
7,646
56.2
6,407
1,239
16.2
16.5
15.9
6,946
52.5
5.542
1.405
20.2
22.3
17.9
9,IDS
1,5I«
1*1.1
ISO
11,385
63.0
9.062
2,022
18.2
Civilian n<
Civilian labor lorce
Participation rata
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
Man, 20 year* and over
Civilian tabor force
Pamcipationrat*
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
49,249
95.252
63.3
87,509
7,743
8.1
51.9
34.696
2.469
6.6
54.3
5,704
1,450
20.3
147,539
95,199
64.5
89.080
6,119
6.4
14B.755
95.329
64.1
93.313
7,319
7.7
50,713
79.9
48,070
2,648
5.2
50,948
79.3
47,449
3,499
6.9
34,197
2.377
5.7
35,733
51.6
34.368
2,365
143,842
95,120
63.9
97,955
7,165
7.5
148,855
95.333
64.0
87,990
7,344
7.7
149.132
95.508
64.0
87,956
7,552
7.9
50.903
79.0
47,351
3.552
36,698
51.5
34,380
36,860
51.7
34,427
2,433
6.6
51,124
79.2
47,393
3.731
7.3
37.033 I 3 7 , 1 7 9
51.8 I
52.0
34.475
34,489
2.693
8,207
S3.3
6.813
1,394
17.3
17.3
16.6
1,455
19.0
20.2
17.7
7.665
57.8
6,166
1,499
19.6
20.8
18.2
9,488
1,639
14.7
18,392
11,226
61.0
9,279
1,947
17.3
18,423
11,IBB
60.7
9.314
1.674
16.8
18.450
11.205
60.7
9.265
1.939
17.3
5,208
74.7
4.579
629
12.1
5,309
74.8
».»32
877
16. 5
5.2S4
74.3
4,424
660
5,299
74.4
4,450
649
16.0
5,234 i
74.1
4,437
848
16.0
5.350
74.8
4,4*5
906
16.9
5,063
55.8
4,330 I
733
5,093
56.1
4.307
766
15.4
5.358
55.6
4,272
7,662
58.0
6,133
1.529 j
20.0
20.4
19.4 |
52.674
16.377
11,417
6,251
18,829
31.215
12,751
10.531
3,446
4,518
13.557
2,699
7.567
57.2
6.130
1.437
19.3
20.2
17.6
7.712
59.6
6,106
1,636
20.8
22.3
19.2
Men, 20 year* and over
Civilian tabor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rale
5,173
7*. 2
4.550
623
12.0
5.296
74.2
11,379
Women, 20 year* and over
Civilian tabor force
Participation rale
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
4,975
56.1
4.358
617
12.1
5,060
55.7
Both seies, 16-19 year*
Civilian tabor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
•
Men
Women
4,29K
766
15.1
728
32.2
3 90
339
46.5
53.0
42.1
te,511
10,986
59.4
9,031
1,955
17.8
18,480
11.217
60.7
9.197
2,020
18.3
18,511
11,170
60.3
9.111
2.059
18.4
5.020
S5.2
4,263
756
15.1
656
29.0
351
305
46.5
18.5 1
44.0
5.313
55.4
4.366
908
39.6
543
365
37.1
487
355
843
37.3
486
357
42.3
40.7
44.2
3K1
453
386
46.0
48.5
43.1
9,3*1
6.065
64.9
5,298
767
12.6
9.297
6,02*
64.8 j
5.263
764
12.7
99,613
38,342
23,691
5.064
99,581
33.23*
23,74*
5,107
99.590
38,255
23,727
5.156
99.492
38,181
23.903
5.095
99,343
38,142
23,831
5,095
52.855
16.178
11,616
6,290
16,771
31.685
12.825
10.(91
3,483
4.686
13,468
2.826
53,084
16,774
11,424
6,*53
18.436
30,344
12,146
10,169
3,363
4.3S1
13,639
2.660
52,836
15,603
11,091
6.523
19,423
30,203
12,373
9.966
3,415
4,451
52,641
16.612
11,253
6.544
18,432
30.309
12.454
• 9.955
3.503
4.397
13,612
2.787
52,763
16,659
11.311
6,637
18,155
30.416
12.511
9 . 860
3,397
4.646
13.526
2,?10
11,501
6,603
18.229
29.924
12.492
9,668
3.403
4,343
13.555
2,623
1,560
1.661
286
1,352
1.602
228
1,426
1,596
359
1,416
1.6*4
277
89,588
16.151
73,437
1,205
72.232
7.11*
330
60.036
15.716
72,321
1.153
71.171
7,228
423
89.913
15,885
7*.028
1.249
72,779
7.150
325
88.991
15,585
73,*06
1,291
7Z.115
7,057
410
88,759
15,578
73.181
1.248
71.932
6,971
410
86.566
15.527
73.059
1.161
71.896
7.055
408
88,526
15,492
73,034
1,225
71.809
7,126
434
86,322
15,453
72,869
1,192
71.677
7,264
413
91,179
73,873
3,8*2
1,552
2.233
13,464
90,534
71,973
5,326
2,163
3,163
13,235
91,09*
74,259
4,200
1,593
2.607
12,635
90,922
73..3S9
5,288 2,121
90,125
72,803
5,071
90.892
73.D28
5.563
2,193
3.370
12,300
90,548
72.649
5,717
2,237
3,480
12.183
90,596
72,335
5,83*
2.223
3,611
12,427
KfUONtATWOftK1
Nontgrtailtunl induttrlM
Fulltime ichedulti
Part time (or economic tHHn . .
Ueuelly work full tim*
Table A-4. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
761
33.7
395
366
46.1
49.3
47.8
id tS week! or tons* ate percent of the cMllen labor force
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian nonmslitutional population'
Civilian labor lorce
Participation rate
Employed
._....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,.
53.239
17,046
11.305
6.55.7
18,332
29.490
12.43)
9.514
3.359
100,879
39,186
23.979
5.061
1,472
1.5B*
256
BLACK
Civilian noninstltulional population*
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
98.B58
38,026
23,950
5.8*)
64.0 I
5,322
9,297
5,9*3
63.9
5.186
757
12.7
9,235
5,817
63.9
5.170
727
12.3
9.400
6.054
64.4
5.330
9.235
5.933
64.2
5,191
U 2 Job loam M • percent of the cMIlm labor foroe
U3 Ur^ploved pere«*»ve«n»«J over « e percent of #»eMI(irtleberfor» 2S yeen end over.
U~« Unemployed full-time Jobaeefcen m • percent of tie full-time labor foroe
• The populat.on figure* are not ediusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical
numbers appear m the unadjusted and seasonally ad|u»ted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and HispamcorlQin oroups will not sum to totals
because data lor the "other races" Qtoap ere not presented and Hispanlcs are included
in both the white and black population groups.
It*
Totel unemc*ov*» " • pereeM of the crrStm beat foree (offMel i m m l
U-6 Total full-time jotneekert prut H pert-time lobwekert plut X total on pert time for eoonomie
reeton e> e percent of the civilien lebor force leu H of the pert-time tetor fore*
U-7 Total full-time MioaefcenpluiH part-time lobeeeeartp^^
economic reetone ptui dboourejed worker) at * percent of tfi* dvlllen lebor force pita
o%cour*o^MrkonleMHrf to part-time labor fore*
2.2
2.0
3.7
3.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Major unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
{ N u m b e r * In t h o u s a n d s )
Nvntarof
1
J
"""-"LJir
•
Ca*OT
lot.
1981
InMM
lac.
1982
•
1981
1981
J.a.
1982
Teb.
1982
Hit.
1982
Ape.
1982
7,899
3.337
2.796
1,766
10,307
4.742
3,586
1,979
7.3
5.8
6.6
19.0
8.8
7.9
7.4
21.5
8.5
7.5
7.2
21.7
8.8
7.6
7.6
22.3
9.0
7.9
7.9
21.9
9.4
8.2
8.3
23.0
1.558
1.494
557
2,456
'2,002
664
3.8
5.9
9.9
5.7
S.6
10.5
5.3
6.2
10.4
5.3
7.0
10.2
5.5
7.1
10.6
6.0
7.8
11.5
6,««2
1.461
8,601
1.724
6.9
9.2
8.2
8.7
9.2
19.1
8.4
9.6
10.0
8.5
10.8
9.8
B.S
10.0
10.4
9.2
10.9
10.4
2,196
515
286
274
1,121
3,417
940
1,107
309
761
1,254
114
2.755
560
387
395
1,412
4,733
1,320
1,977
406
1,031
1,691
161
4.0
3.1
2.4
4.2
5.6
9.7
6.8
11.6
8.1
14.0
8.5
3.9
4.5
3.4
3.1
4.9
6.2
12.7
9.3
15.5
10.5
16.9
9.6
6.4
4.2
2.9
2.7
4.5
6.3
12.5
9.0
15.4
10.2
15.9
9.2
6*9
4.6
3.1
3.1
4.8
6.7
12.5
8.4
15.4
10.3
17.9
9.8
4.9
4.8
3.2
3.0
5.8
6.9
12.9
9.1
15.9
10.4
17.9
10.2
5*4
4.9
3.2
3.3
5.6
7.2
13.7
9.6
16.9
10.7
19.2
11.1
5.8
5,821
758
1,774
1.047
727
318
1.501
1,414
787
162
7.965
1.011
2,557
1,582
975
411
2.059
1,805
873
243
7.3
14.5
7.5
7.5
7,8
5.5
7.5
5.8
4.7
9.4
9.1
18.1
11.3
11.8
9.6
S.)
8.9
6.4
5.0
14.8
8.8
18.7
13.4
11.0
9.5
6.4
B.7
5.9
4,8
IS.2
9.0
18.1
10.6
11.3
9.5
5.9
9.0
6.5
5.2
• 12.8
9.5
17.9
10.8
10.8
10.8
5.6
10.3
6.9
4.9
14.0
9.9
19.4
11.3
11.9
10.5
7.3
10.1
7.0
5.3
14.6
PC.
CHARACTERISTIC
NUMBER O f UNEMPLOYED
Total, l t y m and o w
Man, 20 yaan and e w
B o t h a t w , 1 M B yaan
M y r i a d woman, tpouM praaant
Woman who maintain familial
,
Full-tlm* worfcan
Labor fore* tana tort1
4,026
1,304
2.722
Saaktng flrtt Job
Prolajaional and technical.'
Oancalworkart
Blua«Ollar workan
5.343
2,042
3.301
5.205
1,863
3.345
5.622
1.828
3.794
5.90S
1.946
3.959
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
53.2
17.2
*>5.3
10.7
OCCUPATION*
Wmita-eoflarworlian
3,958
1.303
2,655
903
2,044
968
1)3.3
60.3
19.7
40.6
50.1
16.5
33.6
11.4
25.9
12.5
9.7
23.5
10.7
103.0
54.3
18.3
35.9
10.2
INDUSTRY'
Manufacturing,
DuraWt food*.
^„^_^^_^^^__^___^_____^_^________
Table A-6. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Total, 16 yaan and owr
18 io 24 yaan . . ..
18 to 19 y a a n . . .
16tol7y*an.
18 to 19 yaan.
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Number* In thousand*)
17.0
22.3
22.7
22.0
937
1,939
4,213
3,683
22.7
21.3
14.2
65 y a m and o » r
Man, 18 yaari and on
18 to 24 yaan. . .
18 to 19 yaan.
18to17yai
18to19yai
L a * than S awalu . ,
2.791
2,127
2,643
77 waafct and o w
2.851
3,642
1,996
1,646
Aaaraga (mean) duration, in waaka
3,852
3,068
2,399
1,210
1,190
3.789
3.052
2.724
1,445
1,278
3,825
3,078
2,954
1,605
1,349
3,958
3,304
3,015
1,508
1,507
13.5
14.1
13.9
14.2
130.0
38.8
31.2
33.0
16.3
13.7
100.0
38.5
32.1
29.3
14.7
14.7
Madian duration. In n u l l
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
T o u t onamployad
Law than 5 H H k l
6u14*«fc*
ISwwkiandow
16lo»wMki
27 a - a h i and o»»r
100.0
36.9
28.1
35.0
IB. 5
16.5
100.0
34.8
28.6
36.6
20.0
16.5
100.0
40.6
31.5
27.9
103.0
42.6
32.0
25.2
12.6
12.6
32.9
25.7
13.0
25 to 64 ytan.
66 yaan and oi
IS to 24 m i . .
18 to IS yaan.
18to17yti
lBto19y<i
20 to 24 ytan.
25 v.*n> ind ottf
25 io 64 yaan.
4,330
2,085
963
1 ,377
3.383
2.895
4,461
1.373
875
22. 5
17.»
13.)
18.9
24.4
24.7
24.3
16.3
22.5
23.0
22.1
22.1
22.b
21.9
20.1
20.8
19.6
12.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Employment status of tha nonrnttitutionsl population for the ten largest States
Table A-9, Employment status of black and other workers
INwwbrri •» lho,.wndii
(Numbers
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
60.8
11.730
1.710
12.7
Employed . .
Unemployed .
Unemployment
22,53*
13.66)
60.6
11,383
2,277
16.7
12.S9&
13.562
60.0
11,349
2.213
16.3
11,610
2,163
15.7
22,493
13.70*
SO.9
11,632
2.072
15.1
22.630
13,857
61.2
11,653
2,20(1
15.9
17,951
11,736
10,895
842
7.2
22.595
13,768
60.9
11.446
2,322
16.9
11,515
2.294
16.6
18,269
11,453
10,797
7,835
4,4lfl
*,t72
238
5,550
5,046
45*
Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
Civilian labor lore*
Cmhen tabor toe* ..
Unemployed
nonmstitutional
population
Veteran status
and age
Total
Employed
Number
\pr.
1982
1981
\PC.
1982
8.507
7.325
1.535
3,396
2,39*
1,182
8,675
7,19*
1,277
3,023
2.394
1.481
8,070
7,041
1.419
3,280
2,342
1,029
17.012
7,788
5,357
3.867
17,999
9.101
5.867
4,031
16,128
7,316
5,119
3,693
Apt.
1981
Apr.
1982
8,181
5,884
1.176
2,898
2.810
1,297
7,610
6,512
1,288
3,395
2,229
998
7,172
6,240
971
2,629
2,640
1.232
460
429
131
185
113
31
17,045
7,624
5,629
3,792
15,169
6,783
4,875
3,511
15,633
6,870
5.199
3,564
959
533
244
182
4.PC.
1981
APC.
1982
4,427
2,854
2,709
145
4,478
2,976
2,7*0
6,772
4,274
3,753
6,784
4,251
3,527
725
17.0
1981
Apt.
1982
70 9
644
205
269
170
65
5.7
6.t
9.2
5.6
4.6
3.3
B.7
9.4
17.4
9.3
6.0
5.0
1.412
754
430
228
5.9
7.3
4.8
4.9
e.a
UPC.
5,625
3,574
3,304
270
5,485
3,590
3,259
13.377
8,047
7,404
64]
8.0
13,476
8.058
7,366
8,006
5,058
4,672
386
7.6
8,033
5,014
4,348
616
12.)
9,084
5,400
5,026
10,486
6,999
6,701
299
4.3
VETERANS
Total. 25 years and ov>
?5lo39ye»rs
25to29y*a<*
30 to 3* years
3S to 39 years
40 years and ox*'
. . .
. .
. . .
35 to 39 yean. .
. .
• •
9.9
7.6
6.3
•elerans are male* *ho served in ti
18,218
11,916
10,878
1,038
6.7
8,131
4,644
4,278
366
7.9
7,835
4,412
4,138
8,028
4,627
4,272
8,061
4,596
4,257
8,548
5,572
5,004
563
10.1
8,493
3,610
3,130
480
8.6
8,525
5,484
5,000
4,427
2,900
2,737
16.242
12,004
10,935
1,069
6.9
8,541
5,621
5 , 0 79
16,269
11,995
10,665
1,130
18,293
12,065
10,443
1,122
8,544
5,595
5,048
8,548
5,631
5,043
588
10.4
4.478
2.987
2,768
4,470
.3,005
2,797
208
6.4
4,218
3,564
634
15.5
6,772
4,318
3,810
508
11.8
r
6,776
4,269
3,632
3.645
639
14.9
6,784
4,266
3.634
6)2
14.6
6,784
4,289
3,397
692
16.1
6,784
4,265
3,625
640
15.0
3,683
3,624
3..305
319
5,690
3,655
3,320
t
NONVETEflANS
Total 25 to 39 year j
2$ to 39 years
18,171
tl,85l
10,928
1,023
6.6
tabor
GvHian nomnttituuonal
Apr.
1981
8,544
5,531
4,466
17,451
11,811
10,974
837
Civilian labor lore*
Employed . ..
•pp.* in the urndmltvd and tht «
* Thaw art tha official Buraau c
Federal fund eltocition program*.
5,625
3,637
3,151
286
3,665
3,519
3,249
270
5,676
3.379
3,244
333
13,377
6,076
7,404
672
8.3
13,440
7,976
7,325
13.463
7.969
7,345
624
7.8
13,469
8,063
7,364
679
13,476
8,071
7,412
659
6.2
13,483
7,995
7,347
648
8.1
8,034
3,050
4,444
606
12.0
8,006
5,142
4,729
413
8.0
8,020
5,103
4,478
625
12.2
8,031
3,120
4,570
550
10.7
8,031
5,066
4,493
6,033
' 3,080
4,480
600
11.8
6,034
5,136
4,498
6)8
12.4
9,134
5,399
4,827
9.137
5.423
4,867
9,084
3,459
5,055
404
9,115
5,467
4,942
525
9,129
5,469
4,859
610
11.2
9.131
5,511
4,945
566
10.)
5.415
4,666
549
10.1
9,137
5.485
4.896
589
10.7
10,791
7,288
6,875
413
5.7
10,817
7,252
6,823
629
5.9
10,486
7,052
6,711
10,701
7,16)
6,798
10.740
7,171
6,770
10,765
7,245
6,834
5,640
3.594
3,275
314
8.9
3,226
316
6.9
10,791
7,333
6,901
434
3.9
10,817
7,302
6,631
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Apr.
1981
Dec.
1981
Jan.
1982
90,451 91,458
91,113
90,879
24,192 25,700
25,104
24,801
Apr.
1981
Feb.
1982
Mar.
1982 pl
Apr.
1982
Total . . .
91,337
89,945
90,192
Goods-producing.
25,440
24,258
24,228
941
1,145
1,144
1, 141
950
1,175
1, 166
4,246
3,703
3,769
3,869
4,418
4,193
4,085
Manufacturing
Production workers.
20,253
14,127
19,410
13,243
19,315
13,168
19,182 20,332
13,057 14,187
19,736
13,514
19,550
13,342
19,506
13,316
19,340
13,188
Durable goods
Production workers .
12,197
8,412
11,536
7,729
11,482
7,686
11,384 12,207
7,598 8,412
11,714
7,868
11,596
7,758
11,559
7,740
11,458
7,661
686.9
478.0
652.6
1,149.9
1,593.7
2,506.1
2,129.7
1,874.3
714.4
411.3
610.3
459.7
584.5
1 ,025.0
1 ,494.5
2,457.7
2,088.1
1,712.6
707.3
396.5
609.8
455.1
588.8
[,013.8
1,483.9
1,429.1
1,074.8
L.723.8
706.1
397.2
613.5
451.7
593.7
998.6
1,466.8
2,393.6
2,071.9
1,696.8
703.9
393.2
702
478
656
1,145
1,595
2,491
2,134
1,878
714
414
619
464
622
1,058
1,516
2,488
2,089
1,725
717
416
615
458
607
1,042
1,501
2,455
2,093
1,706
711
408
625
454
605
1,027
1,493
2,441
2,084
1,719
708
403
622
450
600
1,013
1,479
2,405
2,073
1,712
705
399
8,056
5,715
7,874
5,514
7,833
5,482
7,798
5,459
8,125
5,775
8,022
5,646
7,954
5,584
7,947
5,576
7,882
5,527
1,591.9
63.0
785.1
1,181.4
667.1
1,305.3
1 ,081.9
199.2
709.6
213.0
1,697
72
842
1,250
691
1,280
1,107
211
744
231
1,669
70
812
1,233
682
1,302
1,100
208
722
224
1,663
71
795
1,210
678
1,301
1,093
203
718
222
1,677
70
793
1,212
673
1,303
1,092
201
712
214
1,665
69
775
1,192
671
1,304
1,088
201
706
211
66,259 65,758
66,009
66,078
66,183
66,151
Mining
Construction ..
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products...
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers .
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
,631,
66,
841.
,255,
690.
,280.
, 106.
209,
743,
231,
;
65,897
1,613.1
68.8
795.1
,208.5
671.4
,304.6
L,086.5
197.5
715.8
212.2
65,687
1,608.
65,
777.
1,199.
671.
1,306.
1,087,
198,
708,
210,
65,964
Feb.
1982
Mar,
1982 n
90,760
24,836
1,165
24,609
1,159
4,110
5,049
5,047
5,161
5,122
5,124
5,105
5,088
Wholesale and retail trade
20,513
20,538
20,590
20,697 20,636
20,735
20,849
20,934
20,892
Wholesale trade.
Retail t r a d e . ' . . . .
5,317
15,196
5,284
15,254
5,284
15,306
5,285
15,412
5,333
5,336
15,399
5,321
5,321
15,613
5,305
15,587
5,295
5,328
5,345
5,350
5,366
5,377
18,893
18,887
15,885
15,907
2,739
13,146
2,729
13,178
5, 120
5,059
15,528
15,303
Finance, insurance, and real estate
5,366
5,361
5,316
Services
18,512
18,666
18,793
18,990
Government
16,457
16,106
16,189
16,163
15,930
2,773
13,684
2,723
13,383
2.721
13,468
16,170
2,722 2,767
13,441 13,403
2,741
13,189
18,856
18,845
18,475
Federal government
State and local government.
p = preliminary.
15,899
2,742
13,157
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Apr.
1981
Feb.
1982
Mar.
1982 p1
34.7
Total private
Ap r.
1982 P|
34.7
Apr.
1981
35.4
Dec.
1981
Jan.
1982
r
34.9
Mining
43.5
43.7
(2)
(2)
Construction
35.7
36.9
(2)
(2)
Feb.
1982
34.2 I
(2) |
35.0
Mar.
1932 Pj
Ap r.
1982 °*
34.9
34.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
39.7
2.6
39.2
2.3
39.1
2.3
38.7
2. 1
40.2
2.9
39.0
2.4
(2) !
37.3
2.3
39.5
2.4
39.0
2.3
39.1
2.4
Durable goods
Overtime hours
A0.3
2.7
39.7
2.2
39.6
2.2
39.1
2.0
40.8
3.0
39.3
2.4
37.9
2.2
39.9
2.2
39.4
2. 1
39.6
2.2
39.1
38.2
40.9
41.2
40.2
40.8
39.8
41.0
39.9
38.6
37.
37.
39.
39.
39.
40.
39.
40.
40.
38.
37.7
37.6
39.
38.
39.
40,
39.
40,
40.
37.5
37.1
39.8
38.4
38.9
39.6
38.8
41.2
41.2
40.9
41.3
40.2
42.0
40. 1
38.9
37.6
37.7
39. 5
39. 2
39. 2
40. 3
39. 2
39. 4
39. 9
38. 4
34.6
32.6
38,
38,
37,
39,
38
3i
38,
36
38.2
37.6
40.2
39.6
39.6
40.7
39.8
40.9
40.0
38.7
37.9
37.4
39.8
38.8
39.3
40.1
39.4
40.4
40.0
38.5
38.0
37.7
40.1
38.4
39.6
40.2
39.5
41.6
39.5
38.6
38.9
2.6
38.6
2.5
38.4
2.4
38.0
2.3
39.3
2.9
38.6
2.4
36.4
2.4
38.9
2.6
38.5
2.5
38.4
2.6
39.3
37.2
39.4
35.2
42.3
37.0
41 . 6
43.9
40.4
36.3
39.7
38.3
38.1
35.2
42.0
37.0
41.1
42.2
39.9
35.3
39.2
37.0
37.7
35;l
41.7
37.1
40.8
42.4
39.7
35.5
38,
36.
37,
34,
41.
36.
40.
42.
39.
35.
40. 1
(2)
39.8
35.5
42.6
37.3
41.5
44.1
40.7
36.6
39.8
(2)
37.8
35.1
41.8
37.2
41.3
42.6
39.4
36.1
39.1
(2)
31.3
30.7
41.2
36.5
40.8
44.3
37.8
33.6
40.3
(2)
38.1
35.4
42.2
37.4
41.2
43.5
40.0
35.5
39.8
(2)
37.5
35.0
41.7
37.1
40.7
43.4
39.5
35.8
39.7
(2)
37.4
34.8
42.2
36.8
40.4
4Z.8
39.7
35.4
Transportation and public utilities
39.3
39.2
38.9
Wholesale and retail trade
32.1
Wholesale trade*
38.5
30.0
38.2
29.4
36.3
32.6
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
31.9
31.6
31.9
31.8
31.8
38.6
30.3
38.4
29.9
38.0
29.6
38.5
29.9
38.3
29.8
38.2
29.8
38.2
29.4
38.1
29.5
36.2
36.2
36.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
32.5
3 2.5
32.5
32.8
32.7
32.5
32.7
32.7
32.7
' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private
nonagricultural payrolls.
(2)
32.3
1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Apr.
1981
Feb.
1982
Mar
Apr.
1982 P] 1982
$7.13
7.14
$7.55
7.53
$7.54
7.54
Construction .
10.43
11.28
384.87
402.70
416.97
M*mriacturing
7.88
8.34
312.84
326.93
326.49
8.40
8.88
8.89
8.91
338.52
352.54
352.04
6.83
5.78
8.11
10.76
8.05
8.67
7.51
10.14
7.25
5.91
7.28
6.18
8.65
11.20
8.57
9.22
8.00
10.75
7.95
6.33
7.24
6.20
8.65
11.16"
8.63
9.19
8.06
10.80
8.01
6.36
7.18
6.20
8.70
11.30
8.68
9.18
8.09
10*76
8.04
6.40
267.05
220.80
331.70
443.31
323.61
353.74
298.90
415.74
289.28
228.13
273.73
231.13
339.08
443.52
337.66
375.25
318.40
435.38
318.00
243.71
272.95
233.12
343.41
434.12
340.89
371.28
319.18
437.40
321.20
246.13
7.08
7.55
7.57
7.66
275.41
291.43
290.69
7.37
8.90
5.36
4.96
8.37
8.04
8.94
11.40
7.15
4.93
7.75
9.51
5.76
5.15
9.00
8.60
9.68
12.27
7.59
5.21
7.79
9.62
5.77
5.17
9.03
8.63
9.66
12.20
7.55
5.22
7.89
9.94
5.80
5.21
9.13
8.67
9.79
12.45
7.63
5.23
289.64
331.08
211.18
174.59
354.05
297.48
371.90
500.46
288.86
178.96
307.68
364.23
219.46
181.28
378.00
318.20
397.85
517.79
302.84
183.91
305.37
355.94
217.53
181.47
376.55
320.17
394.13
517.28
299.74
185.31
Transportation and public utilities .
9.54
10.19
10.14
10.19
374.92
399.45
394.45
Wholesale and retail trade.
5.87
6.16
188.43
194.04
193.73
7.47
5.22
7.95
5.43
7.94
5.43
7.97
5.45
287.60
156.60
303.69
159.64
303.31
159.64
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
6.20
6.62
6.60
6.64
225.06
239.64
238.92
Services
6.30
6.79
6.77
6.79
205.38
220.68
220.03
Total private
Seasonally adjusted.
Mining
Durable goods.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ,
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
' See footnote 1, table B-2.
10.65
$7.56
7.56
Apr.
1981
Feb.
1982
Mar.
1982
$250.98 $261.99 $261.64
252.76 263.55 263.15
10.68
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by industry
(1977-100)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and
reel estate
Services
\.
Percent
change
change
froivc
Industry
Apr.
1981
Feb.
1982
Mar,
1982 p]
136.8
93.0
1A5.7
127.7
139.8
137.0
137.0
145.7
93.4
155.9
136.7
149.3
146.8
143.6
145.7
93.6
155.8
136.9
149.8
146.3
143.7
135.9
135.1
145.2
145.0
144.8
144.7
Apr.
1981Apr.
1982
Apr.
1981
Dec.
1981
Jan.
1982
Feb.
1982
146.4
N.A.
156.8
136.5
150.7
146.8
144.5
7.1
(2)
7.6
6.9
7.8
7.1
5.5
136.7
93.1
(4)
129.0
139.9
137.3
136.4
143.5
92.3
(4)
136.2
147.0
144.4
141.9
145.1
93.1
(4)
140.8
149.0
145.8
142.3
145.3
92.9
(4)
138.2
149.1
146.5
143.0
145.7
93.5
145,
145,
7.1
7.7
135.4
134.8
141.8
142.7
143.4
143.6
143.9
144.0
Apr
1982 pi
Mar
1982 pi
Apr
1982p|
Mar.
1982Apr.
19&2
138.3
149.8
147.2
143.2
146.4
N.A.
(4)
137.8
150.8
147.1
144.0
0.4
(3)
(4)
-.3
.7
-.1
.5
144.9
144.2
144.9
145.1
(5)
.7
CM
S-e footnote 1, table B-2.
Percent change was .7 from March 1981 to March 1982, the latest month available.
Percent change was .6 from February 1982 to March 1982, the latest month available.
Mining Is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal conponent Is snail relative to the trend-cycle and/or
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
Percent change is less than .05 percent
. » not available
\
;>rel iminary
Irregular
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural
payrolls by industry
(1977 s 100)
____
Seasonally adjusted
Not sessonalry adfueted
Industry
Total private
Apr.
1981
Fefc.
1982
107.5
104.0
Apr.
1982
135.1
Construction . . . .•
Manufacturing
Dec.
1981
108.9
Goods-producing
Mining
Apr.
1981
135.5
Jan.
1982
Feb.
1982
Apr.
1982
104.3
107.0
90.9
96.4
94.6
106.1
105.7
91.4
102.8
96.8
132.4
112.0
143.0
139.0
138.3
134.0
115.8
108.4
107.9
106.4
101.6
92.2
90.3
89.9
89.6
94.8
96.3
88.5
98.A
91.1
90.2
99.9
92.4
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal p r o d u c t s
Fabricated metal p r o d u c t s
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
99
91
98
93
96
96
10
07
90.8
10.6
90.3
90.0
76.5
91.8
78.3
80.1
86.7
105.3
102.3
78.4
107.8
85.3
89.3
76.4
91.0
80.0
77.9
86.3
102.8
100.8
79.4
107.8
86.1
87.
76.
89.
81.
75.
84.
99.
99.
77.
104.
84.
100
94
100
94
95
98
110
108
93
110.9
92.0
90.8
77.5
93
84
82
88
106
100
76
109
90
86.
70.
79.
79.
79.
83.
100.
98.
73.
104.
84,
90.6
79.7
90.8
83.7
80.3
87.0
104.1
102.0
79.5
107.5
87.9
88.
78.
89.
82.
77.
85.
100.
100.
78.
107.
86.
88
79
90
82
75
85
99.1
100.6
79.4
105.1
85.6
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
96.8
93.4
86.5
89.9
93.8
99.1
108.0
101.8
103.7
101.3
88.0
92.7
93.3
95.1
81.3
89.7
94.7
108.8
96.7
87.9
95.3
77.7
91.6
91.8
86.5
78.4
89.0
94.0
109.5
95.9
88.5
93.8
77.9
90.
89.
81.
78.
86.
94.
107.
95.
91.
93,
78,
98.7
100.5
96.5
90.7
94.1
99,9
108.5
101.2
105.3
102.2
94
97
93
82
91
95
109
98.8
96.4
94.8
84.6
88.6
95.4
95.2
66.8
78.5
93.8
107.1
96.5
95.5
90.5
77.9
94,
99,
97,
81.
90.
95.
109.
97.
93.
94,
78,
92.
97.
93.
77,
88.
94,
109.
95.
92,
92.
78,
92
96
90
78
86
94
108
94
92
94
78
Service-producing
111.3
110.3
110.6
111.3
112.3
112.4
111.7
112.9
112.4
112.5
Transportation and public utilities
104.5
101.8
101.0
101.4
105.4
103.2
102.0
103.4
102.3
102.9
Wholesale and retail trade
105.7
104.0
104.3
104.8
107.2
106.5
105.9
107.6
106.9
106.5
110.7
103.9
108.5
102.3
108.7
102.7
108.3
103.5
111.4
105.6
110.8
104.9
108.9
104.7
110.3
106.5
109.3
106.0
108.9
105.5
Finance, Insurance, and real e s t a t e
117.3
117.1
117.8
118.2
118.0
117.7
118.0
117.4
Sen/Ices
118.7
119.0
119.8
121.1
120.4
121.2
121.1
121.6
Wholesale trade
Retail trada
< See footnote 1, table B-2.
119.3
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased
Year and month
Over 1-month span
Ovtr 3-month span
Over 6-month span
Over 12-montrt span
Janua ry
February
March
65.1
66.0
64.2
72.1
68.6
65.7
72. 1
71. 8
70. 1
74. 7
70. 6
69. 5
April
May
June
54,
60.
62,
65.
62.
63,
64. 8
59. 6
54. 4
67. 2
59. 6
58. 1
July
August
September
57,
53,
49.1
55.
50.
53,
56. 7
51. 5
52. 0
55. 8
55. 2
50. 0
Octobe r
November..*
Decembe r
61.6
49.4
49.7
52.0
53.5
49.4
50. 6
51. 2
47. 7
46. 2
38. 1
35. 8
January
February
March
52.6
53.2
49.4
50.6
46.8
38.7
40. 4
33. 4
30 8
32. 0
32 6
31 7
April
May
June
34.6
32.8
31,4
30.8
27.0
25.9
24 7
26 2
28 2
32 3
31 4
31 4
July
August
September
36.9
64.8
64.0
35.5
54.9
71.2
35 2
45 .1
61 .0
31 4
32 6
34 9
October
November
December
61.3
63.4
56.7
69.8
64.8
64.0
73 .5
72 .7
65 .4
43 .6
55 8
70 3
January
February
March
59.6
55.8
52.3
61.
61.
64,
68 .6
68 .6
67 .2
78 .8
75 .6
73 .3
April
May
June. ...........
69.8
62.5
51.5
68.
66.
68.
70 .3
67 .7
71 .8
64 .2
54 .1
45 .1
July
August
September
67.2
49.7
59.3
60.2
66.6
39.2
52 .9
38 .7
35 .8
37 .8
34 .9
35 .5p
Octobe r
November........
Decembe r
30.2
27.9
29.9
33.1
23.8
23.0
26 .7
28 .5
23.5p
31.lp
January
February
March
30.5
48.0
36. 3p
26.7
31.ip
35.5p
24.7p
April
May
June............
40.lp
1979
1980
1981
1982
July
August
September
October
November........
December
1 Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries.
p • preliminary.
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