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DOCUMENT COLLECTION EM P LO Y M EN T O F S C IEN T IFIC AN D TEC H N IC A L P ER S O N N EL IN I N D U S T R Y B u l l e t i n U W N I T E D . W i l l a r d B U R E A U E w a n S T A T E S O F W D E P A R T M ir t z , L A B O R C l a g u e , E N S e c r e t a r y S T A T I S T I C S C o m m i s s i o n e r T O F L A B O R N o . 1 4 1 8 Employment of Scientific andTechnical Personnel inIndustry, 1962 Bulletin No. 1418 June 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commissioner W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary F o r s a le b y t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f ic e , W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . , 2 0 4 0 2 - P r i c e -i- 50 ce n ts P R E F A C E T h i s r e p o r t p r e s e n t s the m a j o r f i n d i n g s of a s u r v e y of the e m p l o y 9 0 p e r c e n t of the a p p r o x i m a t e l y 14, 2 0 0 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s a m p l e m e n t of scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l in i n d u s t r y a s of J a n u a r y 1 962. p rovided usable information. The a n d e n g i n e e r s a n d t h o s e e m p l o y e d in c e r t a i n s m a l l c o m p a n i e s o u t s i d e s u r v e y , t h e f o u r t h in a s e r i e s of s i m i l a r s u r v e y s , the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics, was conducted by U . S. D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r . The series the s c o p e of the s u r v e y . appendix B w a s d e v e l o p e d u n d e r the s p o n s o r s h i p of the N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a t i o n , w h i c h p u b l i s h e d the r e p o r t s o n the e a r l i e r s u r v e y s . These s u r v e y s of Excluded w ere s e l f - e m p l o y e d s c ientists F o r further i n f o r m a t i o n o n c o v e r a g e see of this r e p o r t . T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics w i s h e s to e x p r e s s its a p p r e c i a t i o n i n d u s t r i a l e m p l o y m e n t of scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l a r e a p a r t to the m a n y o r g a n i z a t i o n s a n d i n d i v i d u a l s w h o s e c o o p e r a t i o n m a d e of a c o m p r e h e n s i v e p r o g r a m d e s i g n e d to y i e l d c o m p l e t e c o v e r a g e of the s u r v e y possible, e m p l o y m e n t of s c i entists a n d e n g i n e e r s . scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l . T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics c o n d u c t s r e l a t e d s u r v e y s of S tate g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s bien n i a l l y , of lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t s o n a n o c c a s i o n a l b a s i s . Other U.S. and T h i s b ulletin w a s p r e p a r e d b y M i c h a e l D . Government a s s i s t a n c e of A l l a n K a t z a n d S y l v i a K . a g e n c i e s c o v e r the r e m a i n i n g s e c t o r s of scientific a n d t e c h n i c a l e m p l o y v i s i o n of W i l l i a m L . ment. g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n of C o r a E . The Taylor, Wertheimer, Lawrence, T h e r e s p o n s e to the s u r v e y w a s e x c e l l e n t ; n e a r l y -Ill- w i t h the u n d e r th e s u p e r s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d u n d e r the C h i e f of the B u r e a u ’s D i v i s i o n a n d H a r o l d Goldstein, C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r M a n p o w e r a n d E m p l o y m e n t Statistics. to a s a m p l e of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c a r e f u l l y s e l e c t e d to b e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the N a t i o n ’s i n d u s t r y . Copeland. of O c c u p a t i o n a l E m p l o y m e n t Statistics, D a t a fo r this r e p o r t w e r e c o l l e c t e d t h r o u g h q u e s t i o n n a i r e s m a i l e d this e s p e c i a l l y to the c o m p a n i e s that s u p p l i e d d a t a o n t heir Assistant C O N T E N T S Page Highlights ......................................................................... Poi n t s to k e e p in m i n d ........................................................... Scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s - B y o c c u p a t i o n ................................................................... B y i n d u s t r y ..................................................................... B y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t ...................................................... B y function ..................................................................... R & D scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s - B y o c c u p a t i o n ................................................................... B y i n d u s t r y ................................................................ R e l a t e d to size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t .............................................. N o n - R & D scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s .............................................. Technicians-B y o c c u p a t i o n ................................................................... B y i n d u s t r y ..................................................................... R a t i o to scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s ............................................. R & D t e c h n i c i a n s ................................................................... C h a n g e s in scientific a n d e n g i n e e r i n g e m p l o y m e n t ............................ C h a n g e s in technician e m p l o y m e n t .............................................. Statistical Tables -- continued 1 3 A - 10. Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .. A - 11. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 ...................................... A - 12. Scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962 .............................. A - 13. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962 .......................... A - 14. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 . A - 15. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all activities, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 .... A - 16. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 A - 17. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all activities, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 .. A - 18. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962 .............................................. A - 19. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all activities, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962 .............................................. A-20. Engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .............. A-21. Technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 . A-22. Percent distribution of technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962..................................... A-23. Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962.... A - 24. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 .................................... A-25. Technicians, by occupational group and size of establishment, January 1962............... A-26. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ A - 27. Scientists and engineers, technicians, and ratio of technicians to scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ........ A-28. Scientists and engineers, and technicians, primarily, engaged in research and development, and ratio of R & D technicians to R & D scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ...... A-29. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by industry, January 1962 .................................... A - 30. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ A-31. Scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from January 1961.................................. A-32. Technicians, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from January 1961 ............................................. 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Appendixes A . Statistical t a b l e s ............................................................... B. S c o p e a n d m e t h o d .............................................................. C . T e c h n i c a l n o t e s ................................................................ D . Q u e s t i o n n a i r e a n d c o v e r i n g letters ...... 19 71 78 82 Statistical T a b l e s A-l. A-2. A-3. A-4. A - 5. A-6. A-7. A-8. A-9. Scientists a n d e n g ineers, b y o c c u p ational g r o u p a n d industry, J a n u a r y 196 2 ................................................. P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d engin e e r s , b y o c cupational g r o u p a n d industry, J a n u a r y 196 2 ...................................... Scientists a n d eng i n e e r s , b y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d industry, J a n u a r y 196 2 .............................................................. P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d e ng i n e e r s , b y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d industry, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ............................. Scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s as p e r c e n t of total e m p l o y m e n t , b y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d industry, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ......................... Scientists a n d engineers, b y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d o c cupational g r oup, J a n u a r y 196 2 .............................. P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d engine e r s , b y size of e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d o c c upational g roup, J a n u a r y 1 962 .................. Scientists a n d e ngineers, b y function a n d o c c u p ational g roup, J a n u a r y 1962 .............................................................. P e r c e n t distribution of scientists a n d engin e e r s , b y function a n d occupational g roup, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 ...................................... 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 32 33 -V- Page 34 36 39 40 42 44 46 48 49 50 52 54 56 58 60 61 62 64 66 68 69 70 SCIENTISTS A N D TECHNICIANS E N G I N E E R S I n d u s t r y e m p l o y e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 852, 0 0 0 scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s in J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 . Engineers, n u m b e r i n g of this e m p l o y m e n t . 6 8 4 , 000, r e p r e s e n t e d 8 0 p e r c e n t O f th e 1 6 8 , 0 0 0 s c ientists, a l m o s t 5 0 p e r c e n t ; o t h e r p h y s i c a l scien t i s t s , 16 p e r c e n t ; m a t h e m a t i c i a n s , 3 chemists represented 2 3 p e r c e n t ; life scientists, 9 p e r c e n t ; a n d t h e u n c l a s s i f i e d scientists, percent. portation e q u i p m e n t , chemicals, trans Scientists a n d e n g i n e e r s w e r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s - - 6 4 p e r c e n t of all s u c h w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s w e r e i n e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w i t h 1, 0 0 0 e m p l o y e e s o r m o r e . t h a n 2 o u t of 3 s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s w e r e i n f u n c t i o n s cer n e d with production a n d operations or r e s e a r c h an d R & D w a s t h e p r i m a r y a c t ivity of 1 o u t of e v e r y 2 scientists, ordnance, electrical e q u i p a n d i n s t r u m e n t s - - a t l e a s t half of th e s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s w e r e in r e s e a r c h a n d activities, The r atio 62 electrical equipment, machinery, and equipment. of t e c h n i c i a n s per 100 to s c i e n t i s t s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g and engineers was, industries and 86 on ihe per 1 0 0 in engaged in r e n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries. Approximately and 1 o u t of e v e r y 4 technicians was development. Y E A R - T O - Y E A R C H A N G E E m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s in i n d u s t r y cent greater in 1 9 6 2 t h a n in 1961. This w a s was 4 per a s l o w e r r a t e of g r o w t h t h a n f o r 1 9 6 0 - 6 1 (6.1 p e r c e n t ) o r f o r 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 ( 6 . 4 p e r c e n t ) . In five i n d u s t r y g r o u p s - - t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t , textile m i l l p r o d u c t s , agricultural, a n d th e r e m a i n d e r w e r e u n c l a s s i f i e d . groups--services, transportation con development 3 p e r c e n t as med i c a l , A p p r o x i m a t e l y h a l f of all t e c h n i c i a n s w e r e e m p l o y e d in f o u r m a j o r search b u t of o n l y 1 o u t of e v e r y 3 e n g i n e e r s . ment, 36 p e r c e n t as d r a f t s m e n , average, c o n c e n t r a t e d in l a r g e m a n u f a c t u r i n g classified a s e n g i n e e r i n g a n d p h y s i c a l s c i e n c e t e c h a n d biological technicians, a n d m a c h i n e r y - - a c c o u n t e d for a l m o s t h a l f o f all scientific a n d e n g i n e e r i n g e m p l o y m e n t . combined. nicians, industry F o u r m a n u facturing industry groups--electrical equipment, More O f the 585 , 0 0 0 t e c h n i c i a n ” e m p l o y e d in i n d u s t r y in J a n u a r y 1 962, 44 percent w e r e development T e c h n i c i a n e m p l o y m e n t r o s e a b o u t 3 p e r c e n t b e t w e e n 1 9 6l a n d 1962. This increase was less than f o r th e p r e v i o u s y e a r (4. 6 p e r cent), a n d m u c h b e l o w the 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 g r o w t h r a t e (8.1 p e r c e n t ) . Employment of Scientific andTechnical Personnel inIndustry, 1962 Bulletin No. 1418 June 1964 U N ITE D S T A T E S D E P A R TM E N T O F L A B O R W . W illard W irtz, S e creta ry BUREAU OF LABOR STA TISTIC S Ewan Claguo, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 50 cents -i- P R E F A C E This report presents the m a j o r findings of a survey of the e m p l o y 90 percent of the a pproximately 14, 200 establishments in the s a m p l e m e n t of scientific and technical personnel in industry as of J anuary 1962. provided usable information. T h e survey,the fourth in a series of similar surveys, w a s conducted by a nd engineers and those e m p l o y e d in certain small c o m p a n i e s outside the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics, U. S. D e p a r t m e n t of Labor. the scope of the survey. T h e series F o r further information on coverage see appendix B of this report. w a s developed under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation, which published the reports on the earlier surveys. Excluded w e r e self-employed scientists T h e s e surveys of Th e B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics wishes to express its appreciation industrial e m p l o y m e n t of scientific and technical personnel are a part to the m a n y organizations and individuals w h o s e cooperation m a d e this of a c o m p r e h e n s i v e p r o g r a m designed to yield c omplete coverage of the survey possible, especially to the c o m p a n i e s that supplied data on their e m p l o y m e n t of scientists and engineers. scientific and technical personnel. T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics conducts related surveys of State g o v e r n m e n t agencies biennially, and of local g o v e r n m e n t s on an occasional basis. This bulletin w a s p repared by Michael D. W e r t h e i m e r , with the Other U.S. G o v e r n m e n t assistance of Allan Katz and Sylvia K. L a w r e n c e , under the super agencies cover the remaining sectors of scientific and technical e m p l o y vision of Will i a m L. Copeland. ment. general direction of C o r a E. Taylor, Chief of the B u r e a u ’s Division of Occupational E m p l o y m e n t Statistics, and H a r o l d Goldstein, Assistant Data for this report w e r e collected through questionnaires m ailed C o m m i s s i o n e r for M a n p o w e r and E m p l o y m e n t Statistics. to a s a mple of establishments carefully selected to be representative of the Nation’s industry. T h e study w a s conducted under the T h e response to the survey w a s excellent; nearly -Ill- C O N T E N T S Page Highlights ........................................................ Points to keep in mind ............................................. Scientists and engineers-By occupation................................................... By industry..................................................... By size of establishment ......................................... By function ..................................................... R & D scientists and engineers-By occupation................................................... By industry................................................. Related to size of establishment................................... Non-R&D scientists and engineers................................... Technicians-By occupation................................................... By industry..................................................... Ratio to scientists and engineers.................................. R & D technicians................................................... Changes in scientific and engineering employment..................... Changes in technician employment................................... Statistical Tables -- continued 1 3 A - 10. Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .. A - 11. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 ...................................... A - 12. Scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962 .............................. A - 13. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962 .......................... A - 14. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 . A - 15. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all activities, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 .... A - 16. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 A - 17. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all activities, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 .. A - 18. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962 .............................................. A - 19. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development, as percent of scientists and engineers in all activities, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962 .............................................. A-20. Engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 .............. A-21. Technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 . A-22. Percent distribution of technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962..................................... A-23. Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962.... A - 24. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 .................................... A-25. Technicians, by occupational group and size of establishment, January 1962............... A-26. Percent distribution of technicians, by occupational group and size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ A - 27. Scientists and engineers, technicians, and ratio of technicians to scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ........ A-28. Scientists and engineers, and technicians, primarily, engaged in research and development, and ratio of R & D technicians to R & D scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962 ...... A-29. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by industry, January 1962 .................................... A - 30. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by size of establishment, January 1962 ........................ A-31. Scientists and engineers, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from January 1961.................................. A-32. Technicians, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from January 1961 ............................................. 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Appendixes A. B. C. D. Statistical tables................................................ Scope and m e t h o d ............................................... Technical notes................................................. Questionnaire and covering letters .... 19 71 78 82 Statistical Tables A-l. Scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 ...................................... A-2. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 ............................. A-3. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 ............................................... A-4. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry,January 1962 ...................... A - 5. Scientists and engineers as percent of total employment, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 .................... A-6. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962 ....................... A-7. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment andoccupational group,January 1962 .............. A-8. Scientists and engineers, by function and occupational group, January 1962 ................................................ A-9. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and occupational group, January 1962 ............................. 20 22 24 26 28 30 31 32 33 -V - Page 34 36 39 40 42 44 46 48 49 50 52 54 56 58 60 61 62 64 66 68 69 70 PO IN TS TO K E E P • IN M I N D THE SURVEY RESULTS ARE ESTIMATES BASED ON A SAMPLE OF ESTABLISHMENTS. SINCE SUCH ESTIMATES ARE APPROXIMATIONS, ROUNDED FIGURES ARE SHOWN THROUGHOUT THE REPORT. TOTALS AND PERCENT AGES WERE CALCULATED, HOWEVER, ON UNROUNDED FIGURES, AND HENCE THE DETAILED DATA PRESENTED IN TABLES AND CHARTS MAY NOT ALWAYS ADD TO THE TOTALS SHOWN. • ALL OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT FIGURES USED IN THIS REPORT REFER TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ACTUALLY WORKING AS SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, OR TECHNICIANS IN JANUARY 1962—REGARDLESS OF THE FIELD IN WHICH THEY MAY HAVE RECEIVED THEIR EDUCATION OR TRAINING. THE FULL DEFINITIONS ARE REPRODUCED IN APPENDIX D. • ALL INDUSTRY CATEGORIES ARE BASED ON THE STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION MANUAL OF I9S7 AND ITS 1958 SUPPLEMENT, (EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, BUREAU OF THE BUDGET). CERTAIN TWO-DIGIT AND THREE-DIGIT INDUSTRIES ARE COMBINED FOR TECHNICAL REASONS. • THIS REPORT SUMMARIZES THE MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY WITH RESPECT TO OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT WITHIN BROAD INDUSTRY GROUPINGS. THE DETAILED FINDINGS ARE PRESENTED IN THE TABLES IN APPENDIX A. -3- SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS- b By Occupation ENGINEERS OUTNUMBER SCIENTISTS AS OF JANUARY 1962 INDUSTRY EMPLOYED IN INDUSTRY BY 4 TO 1 852,000 ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS N U M B E R O F E N G IN E E R S A N D S C IE N T IS T S ^ 6 8 4 , 0 0 0 E n g in e e r s ^ 1 6 8 ,0 0 0 S c ie n tists 6 8 4 , 0 0 0 SCIENTISTS 121.000 P h y s ic a l S c ie n tists 2 7 . 0 0 0 Life S cie n tists 1 5 .0 0 0 M a t h e m a t ic ia n s 5 .0 0 0 U n c la s s if ie d UNCLASS IF IE D MATHEMATICIANS PHYSICAL LIFE SCIENTISTS SCIENTISTS 8 2 . 0 0 0 C h e m is t s 1 0 ,0 0 0 B io lo g is ts LIFE SCIENTISTS 1 4 .0 0 0 PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS P h y sic ists 1 3 .0 0 0 G e o lo g i s t s a n d G e o p h y s ic is t s 1 2 .0 0 0 M e t a llu r g is t s ENGINEERS SCIENTISTS 9 .0 0 0 A g r ic u lt u r a l S c ie n tists 8 .0 0 0 M e d i c a l Scie n tists SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS----By Occupation SCIENTISTS—TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN ENGINEERS-TEND TO BE CONCENTRATED IN ONE OR A FEW INDUSTRIES. PHYSICISTS ENGINEERS P E R C E N T OF T O TA L P E R C E N T OF T O T A L INDUSTRY 0 20 40______ 60______ 80 100 INDUSTRY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT S ER VI CE S S ERVICES TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) CHEMICALS all ALL OTHER o th er MEDICAL SCIENTISTS IN DUS TR Y CHEMICALS SERVICES ALL OTHER -5- 20 40 60 80 100 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS---By Industry WHO EMPLOYS SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ? E m p lo y m e n t o f S cie n tists a n d E n g in e e r s in S e le c t e d In d u strie s* ► M o r e th an 7 o u t o f 10 a r e in m a n u fa c tu rin g industries. J a n u a ry 1962 THOUSANDS ► M A N U FA CT U RIN G IN D U S T R IE S F ou r m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u stry g r o u p s a c c o u n t ELECTRICAL fo r a lm o st h a lf o f all scientists a n d e n gin e e rs. AND EQUIPMENT SUPP LIE S TRANSPORTATION E Q U I P ME N T C H E M ICA LS AND A L L IE D PRODUCTS M A C H I NE R Y ( E X C E P T E L E C T R I C A L ) M a n u fa c t u r in g a n d N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g In du stries D iffe r w ith R esp ect to the P ro p o rtio n s o f Scientists a n d E n g in e e rs E m p lo y e d ORDNANCE AND P R I M A R Y M E T A L I N D U S T R IE S INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS FABRICATED NONMANUFACTURING ACC ESSO R IES FOOD AND MET AL RELATED PRODUCTS A N D KINDRED P R O D U C T S PETROLEUM PAPER REFINING AND A L L I E D S T O N E , CLAY, PRODUCTS RUBBER AND PRODUCTS GLASS AND M ISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS TEXTILE PRODUCTS M ILL PRODUCTS NON M ANUFACTU RING IN D U S T R IE S MANUFACTURING SERVICES TRAN SPO R T AT IO N AND PU B LIC UTILITIES CONTRACT WHOLESALE MINING SCIENTISTS ENGINEERS - 6 - C O NSTRUCTION A ND RE T A IL T R A D E 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS---By Size of Establishment SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS ARE D IS T R IB U T IO N O F S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G IN E E R S B y S iz e o f Estab lish m e n t, J a n u a r y 1962 CONCENTRATED IN LARGE MANUFACTURING ESTABLISHMENTS— ( 1 0 0 % = 8 5 2 , 0 0 0 S c ie n tists a n d E n g in e e r s ) THOSE WITH 1,000 EMPLOYEES 46% OR MORE. O f the 6 1 4 ,0 0 0 scientists a n d e n g in e e r s e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c t u r in g , 6 4 p e r c e n t a r e in the la r g e s t plan ts. NONMANUFACTURING ESTABLISH MENTS SHOW A DIFFERENT PATTERN. O f the 2 3 8 ,0 0 0 scien tists a n d e n g in e e r s in n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g , o n ly 2 7 p e rc e n t a r e in the la r g e s t p lan ts. Number of E m p l o y e e s ... . U n d e r 1 0 0 100-499 500-999 1000 or m o r e SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS - ^ By Function WHAT DO SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS DO? A b o u t 2 ou t o f 3 a r e e n g a g e d either in p ro d u c tio n a n d o p e r a t io n s o r in p e r fo r m in g r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e lo p m e n t (R & D). ^ F e w e r th a n a th ird o f th o se in m a n a g e m e n t a n d a d m in istra tio n a r e c o n c e r n e d w ith R & D. P E R C E N T D I S T R I B U T IO N O F S C I E N T I S T S A N D E N G I N E E R S , B Y F U N C T I O N , J A N U A R Y 1962 (100 P e rc e n t = 8 5 2 , 0 0 0 Scie n tists a n d E n g in e e rs) 34% P R O D U C T I O N PER F O R M I N G O P E R A T I O N S M A N A G E M E N T AND A N D R 8 D ADMINISTRATION -8- T E C H N I C A L A N D SERVICE S A L E S O T H E R ACTIVITIES R&D SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS----By Occupation • OUT OF 852,000 SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS-- P e rc e n t o f S c ie n tists a n d E n g in e e r s E n g a g e d in P e r f o r m a n c e o r A d m in is tr a t io n o f R & D, J a n u a r y 1962 221,000 ENGINEERS AND 83,000 SCIENTISTS ARE ENGAGED IN THE PERFORMANCE OR ADMINISTRATION OF RESEARCH PERCENT 40 O C C U P A T IO N ALL O C CU PATIO N S ENGINEERS 60 I Li_____ ____ ____ AND DEVELOPMENT (R&D). SCIENTISTS _________ PH YSICISTS • ONE OUT OF EVERY 2 SCIENTISTS IS ENGAGED IN R&D; B IO LO G ICAL SCIENTISTS THE RATIO FOR ENGINEERS IS ONLY M ATH EM ATIC IANS I OUT OF 3. m e t a l l u r g is t s • MORE THAN HALF OF THE PHYSICISTS, CHEMISTS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS, AND MATHEMATICIANS ARE ENGAGED IN R&D. AGRICULTURAL SC IENTISTS M EDICAL SCIENTISTS - GE O L O G IS T S AND GEOPH YSICISTS U NC LASSIFIED- 80 'm R&D SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER By Industry SCIENTISTS IN D U ST R IES V A R Y W ID E LY WITH R E SP E C T As A N D E N G I N E E R S p e r c e n t o f total scientists a n d TO TH EIR U SE O F S C IE N T IS T S A N D IN R 8, D engineers, J a n u a r y PERCENT ENGAGED SELECTED IN D U STRIES 20 ACTIVITIES— 30 IN 1962 R&D 40 EN G IN E ER S IN R & D — ALL IN DU ST RI ES T R A N S P O R T A T I O N EQUI PM EN T F i v e in d u s t r i e s e m p l o y and engineers in R & at least h a l f o f t hei r scientists EL EC T R I C A L E Q U I PM EN T A N D SUPPLIES D. TEXTILE MI LL P R O D U C T S ^ F o u r o f t h e s e in d u s t r i e s a r e aero-space They in O R D N A N C E A N D ACCESSORIES activities. a c c o u n t for 5 3 % employed heavily involved o f all scientists a n d engineers IN ST RU ME NT S A N D R E LA TE D PRODUCTS in R & D . CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS M A C H I N E R Y (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) M O ST IN D U ST R IES UTILIZE BETWEEN 5 A N D 10 PERCEN T O F TH EIR R & D SC IE N T IST S A N D EN G IN EER S IN M A N A G EM EN T O R A D M IN IST R A T IV E RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS FOOD AN D KINDRED PRODUCTS SERVICES S T ON E, CLAY, A N D G L A S S PRODUCTS FABRICATED PRODUCTS METAL WORK. P A P E R A N D AL LI ED PRODUCTS PERFORMANCE PRIMARY ME TA L INDUSTRIES M A N A G EM EN T AND A D M IN IS T R A T IO N PETROLEUM REFINING 60 D S C IEN TIS TS A N D EN G IN EER S a te d to S ize of Es ta b lis h m e n t • IN M AN U FACTU RIN G IN DUSTRIES, THE N U M BER P E RCENT O F R & M A N U F A C T U R I N G OF S C IE N T IST S A N D EN G IN E E R S E N G A G ED IN By R a D A C T IV IT IE S V A R IE S D IR E C T L Y WITH THE size D SCIENTISTS A N D of A N D ENGINEERS E M P L O Y E D N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G establishment, January 1962 PERCENT S IZ E O F THE ESTABLISH M EN T. IN NONM ANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, THE RELA TIO N SH IP D O E S NOT HOLD. M ANUFACTURIN G IN D U ST R IES E M P L O Y A M U C H H IG H ER PROPORTION O F SC IE N T IST S A N D EN G IN EER S IN R O D THAN NO NM ANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. EMPLOYEES Under IOO 10 0-4 99 50 0-9 99 SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENT I- IN I N D U S T R I E S 1.000 or more NON • R& D S C IEN TIS TS A N D • E N G I N E E R S --------- THE M A JO R IT Y O F EN G IN EERS A N D P H Y S IC A L S C IE N T IS T S A R E E N G A G ED IN PRODUCTION A N D O PERATIO N S. • M E D IC A L S C IE N T IS T S A R E C O N C EN T R A T ED IN T E C H N IC A L S A L E S A N D S E R V IC E . • A P P R O X IM A T E L Y 2 0 PERCEN T O F A LL NON-R 8 D S C IE N T IS T S A N D EN G IN E ER S P E R F O R M M A N A G E M E N T O R A D M IN IS T R A T IV E FUNCTIONS. DISTRIBUTION O F By N O N - R Function a n d & D SCIENTISTS A N D Occupation, January D is t r ib u t io n T o ta l O c c u p a t io n N u m b e r (th o u sa n d s) T o ta l s c ie n tis ts an d A ll e n g in e e r s . A ll s c ie n tis ts _ P h y s ic a l s c ie n tis ts e n g i n e e r s ___________ _ _ C h e m i s t s _______________________________________ G e o lo g is t s and g e o p h y s ic is t s M e t a llu r g is t s P h y s ic is t s _ E N G I N E E R S 1962 P r o d u c t io n an d P e r c e n t 1 o p e r a t io n s T e c h n ic a l s a le s an d b y fu n c tio n O th e r n o n m a n a g e m e n t s e r v ic e M a n a g e m e n t and a d m in is t r a t io n 548 1 0 0 .0 53. 3 16. 9 10. 2 1 9 .6 464 1 0 0 .0 54. 5 16. 2 9 .3 2 0 .0 84 1 0 0 .0 46. 4 21. 1 1 5 .0 1 7 .5 57 1 0 0 .0 53. 3 16. 3 1 3 .0 36 1 0 0 .0 5 5 .5 2 1 .5 12 1 0 0 .0 4 2 .0 3. 1 6 .9 1 7 .4 16. 1 3 6 .9 1 8 .0 7 100. 0 6 2 .6 1 0 .5 3 .9 2 3 .0 2 100. 0 4 6 .0 1 9 .9 1 5 .9 18. 2 17 1 0 0 .0 2 9 .4 3 7 .4 1 6 .3 16. _________________ 6 100. 0 3 5 .9 17. 5 2 0 .3 26. 3 s c i e n t i s t s _________________________ 6 1 0 0 .0 10. 1 57. 3 2 0 .9 1 1 .7 ___________________ 5 100. 0 4 4 .9 40. 1 4 .8 10. 2 M a t h e m a t i c i a n s _________________________________ 7 100. 0 40. 3 2 1 .8 19. 1 1 8 .8 U n c la s s ifie d 3 1 0 0 .0 2 2 .8 1 7 .5 3 9 .6 20. 1 L ife s c i e n t i s t s ___________________________________ A g r ic u lt u r a l M e d ic a l B io lo g ic a l 1 s c ie n tis ts s c ie n tis ts s c ie n tis ts P e rc e n ts a re b a se d on u n ro u n d e d d a ta . -12 - 9 TEC H N IC IA N S B y O c c u p a tio n A S OF JAN U ARY 1 9 6 2 - T H ERE W ERE 5 8 5 ,0 0 0 T EC H N IC IA N S: 255.000 Engineering and physical science technicians 213.000 Draftsmen 17,000 Medical, and 101.000 ag r i c u l t u r a l , 2 O U T O F 5 T E C H N I C I A N S biological t e c h n i c i a n s A R E E M P L O Y E D IN THE (1,000 e m p l o y e e s or more) Occupation Percent in manufacturing PERCENT OF Unclassified technicians Engineering and physical sc ien ce technicians Draft sme n 65.0 30 - Engineering and physical science technicians 21 % giisiiS - ______ 1__ 59.0 10 Medical, agricultural, and 25% -V - 73.0 20 Draftsmen 44% Medical, agricultural and biological technicians 40 All technicians Technicians TOTAL 50 industries Unclassified technicians ESTABLISHMENTS Unclassified technicians 1 0 0 Percent = 5 8 5 , 0 0 0 biological technicians L A R G E S T 67.0 0 56.0 Number of Employees Under 100 -13- 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more TEC H N IC IA N S By In d u stry FOUR M A JO R IN D U ST R IES E M P L O Y # T E C H N IC IA N S A R E C O N C EN T R A T ED DIFFEREN TLY 5 4 PERCENT O F A LL T E C H N IC IA N S : ► SERVICES ► ELECTRICAL ► B Y O CCU PATIO N A C C O R D IN G TO IN D U STRY 1 8 % E Q U I P M E N T M A C H I N E R Y (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) 1 5 % 11% O C C U P A T I O N A L ► T R A N S P O R T A T I O N E Q U I P M E N T DISTRIBUTION O F T E C H N I C I A N S 1 0 % By Industry, J a n u a r y 1962 E n g in e e r s t e c h n ic ia n s D ra ftsm e n t e c h n ic ia n s A ll N u m b e r P e rc e n t O rd n a n c e F o o d an d an d _ a c c e s s o r ie s fo o d C h e m ic a ls an d p ro d u c ts SERVICES, A N D FISHERIES M a c h in e r y , E le c tr ic a l L U M B E R A N D W h o le s a le S e r v ic e s A ll 14 100. 0 2. 4 2. 1 3. 2 0. 6 1. 2 2. 4 . 5 1. 5 26. 9 4. 2 8. 7 1. 6 10. 2 30. 8 4. 2 1. 2 4. 2 7. 1 2. 6 . 3 2 .9 10. 8 15. 4 9. 1 .9 7. 1 14. 5 e q u ip m e n t 3. 3 an d e q u ip m e n t an d ______ c o n s t r u c t io n a n d 12. 3 18. 3 1. 1 9 .9 9. 7 11. 8 2 .4 3. 6 3. 2 4. 2 1. 7 3. 6 4. 2 7. 1 1. 5 . 1 5. 6 12. 6 11. 8 6 .8 r e la te d an d p u b lic u t i l i t i e s _________________________________ P R O D U C T S 1 0 1 ,0 0 0 100. 0 2. 2 p ro d u c ts W O O D 1 7 ,0 0 0 100. 0 3. 2 T r a n s p o r t a tio n ^ 2 5 5 ,0 0 0 100. 0 7. 4 s u p p lie s C o n tra c t 2 1 3 ,0 0 0 100. 0 e xce p t In s t r u m e n t s SERVICES 5 8 5 ,0 0 0 in d u s t r ie s T r a n s p o r t a tio n ► t e c h n ic ia n s t e c h n ic ia n s m e ta l p ro d u c ts m e t a ls e le c t r ic a l FORESTRY, U n c la s s ifie d b io lo g ic a l a llie d p ro d u c ts P r im a r y F a b r ic a t e d A G R I C U L T U R A L a g r ic u lt u r a l, in d u s t r ie s : T E C H N IC IA N S THAN S C IE N T IS T S A N D ^ p h y s ic a l s c ie n c e T H R EE IN D U ST R IES E M P L O Y M O R E E N G IN E E R S: M e d ic a l, an d A ll In d u s t r y r e t a il tra d e _ . o t h e r _________________________________ 4. 3 8. 8 . 8 3. 2 2. 1 2. 0 . 2 9. 3 17. 7 25. 8 12. 1 23. 2 14. 0 6. 6 10. 5 9 .8 8 .9 7. 6 8 .9 T E C H N I C I A N S --------a tio to S c ie n tis ts a n d E n g in e e rs A V E R A G E N U M B E R O F T E C H N I C I A N S PER January • SCIENTISTS A N D ENGINEERS, 1962 THE RATIO OF T E C H N IC IA N S TO SC IE N T IS T S SELECTED A N D EN G IN E ER S IS 3 TO 5 IN M AN UFACTURIN G ALL IN D U ST R IES INDUSTRIES SERVICES IN D U ST R IES C O M P A R E D WITH 4 TO 5 IN L U M B E R A N D W O O D PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS MACHINERY (EXCEPT NONM ANUFACTURING IN D U ST R IES. TRANSPORTATION UTILITIES INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS • 100 FEW IN D U S T R IE S E M P L O Y M O R E ELECTRICAL AND FOOD T E C H N IC IA N S TH AN S C IE N T IS T S A N D ELECTRICAL) AND AND PUBLIC RELATED MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, SUPPLIES AND KINDRED PRODUCTS RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION E N G IN E E R S. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL PRIMARY METAL TEXTILE MILL S T O N E , CLAY, PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES PRODUCTS AND TRANSPORTATION 15- TRADE GLASS EQUIPMENT o 20 40 60 80 100 120 R&D TEC H N IC IA N S A P P R O X IM A T E L Y 1 OUT OF E V E R Y 4 M O ST IN D U ST R IES U SE R ELA TIV ELY FEW ER T E C H N IC IA N S T E C H N IC IA N S IS EN G A G ED IN R 6 D THAN S C IE N T IS T S A N D EN G IN E ER S IN R8>D T E C H N I C I A N S IN R & D A S PERCENT O F T O T A L P E R C E N T T E C H N I C I A N S O F T O T A L TECHNICIANS, A N D ENGINEERS, 10 i 20 1 30 i 40 l 50 1 IN D U S T R Y ALL INDUSTRIES ALL INDUSTRIES SlllSlllllJ88 TEXTIL E MILL PR OD UC TS O F T O T A L SCIENTISTS R & D PERCENT PERCENT 0 IN S e l e c t e d Industries, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 S e l e c t e d Ind ustries, J a n u a r y 1 9 6 2 IN D U S T R Y A N D 0 10 20 ----------- 1 |------- ---- 1 30 1 40 50 60 1----------- 1 --------- ~l 1 O R D N A N C E AN D ACCESSORIES T R AN SP OR TA TI ON EQUIPMENT EL ECT R IC AL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES SERVICES CH EMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS FOOD AND KI ND RE D PR OD UC TS TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT m r n m m M A CH IN ER Y (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) STONE, CLAY, A N D G L A S S PRODUCTS O R D N A N C E A N D AC CE S S O R I E S IN ST RU ME NT S A N D R E L A T E D PRODUCTS m m R U B B E R AN D M I S C E L L A N E O U S PL ASTICS P R O D U C T S R U BB ER A N D M I S C E L L A N E O U S PLASTICS P R O D U C T S FABRICATED M E T A L P R O D U C T S MA CHI NER Y (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) EL EC TR IC AL MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, A N D SUPPLIES I___________ i___________ i___________ i___________ i___________ i-.. P E T R O L E U M REFINING TECHNICIANS FO OD A N D .....i SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS KIND RED P R OD UC TS O N L Y T W O IN D U S T R IE S U SE RE L AT IV EL Y M O R E - 1----------- 1 ----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1----------- 1 P E T R O L E U M REFINING PA PER A N D ALLIED PR OD U C T S STONE, CLAY, A N D GLASS PRODUCTS -16- C H A N G ES IN S C I E N T I F I C AN D EN G IN EER IN G EM PLOYM ENT R A T E O F G R O W T H IN E M P L O Y M E N T M O S T INDUSTRIES E M P L O Y E D M O R E SCIENTISTS O F SCIENTISTS A N D ENGINEERS IN A N D ENGINEERS IN 1962 T H A N IN 1961AND ENGINEERS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Percent change, January 1961 to January 1962 sc ien tists I NDUSTRY S L O W E D IN 1961-62 PERIOD. PERCENT -10 RATE OF CHANGE JAN. 1 9 5 9 JAN. I9 6 0 JAN. 1960JAN. 1961 JAN. 1961JAN. 1962 17- -5 0 5 10 15 20 C H A N G ES IN T E C H N I C I A N EM PLO YM EN T R A T E O F G R O W T H IN E M P L O Y M E N T O F TECHNICIANS IN IND U S T R Y H A S DECLINED. RATE OF CHANGE TECHNICIANS IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES Percent Change, January 1961 - January 1962 PERCENT 8 . 1 -10 % -13- -5 0 5 10 15 20 S TA TIS TIC A L TA B LES A P P EN D IX The following tables present separate estimates for A the nonmanufacturing industry groups, "communications" in different industries or industry groups, and for different cludes telephone and telegraph communications, sizes of establishments, wherever possible. television broadcasting industry, and all other communication The numbers of the radio and industries and other categories for which separate figures services; the "other services" group combines medical and can be given are limited by a need to maintain the confi dental laboratories, engineering and architectural services, dentiality of data supplied by individual establishments, and all other services (except nonprofit, educational, private the design of the sample, households, and other technical factors. On and accounting services). All the absolute figures presented in these tables are the tables presenting data distributed by industry and size of establishment, two industries or more within certain major rounded because they represent estimates based on sample data. industry groups have been combined into residual groups. All totals and percentages, however, have been calculated on example, For the "other chemical products" group includes agri the basis of unrounded figures. Therefore, some of the rounded cultural chemicals and all other chemical products not shown figures shown in the tables do not always correspond exactly separately; and the "other manufacturing industries" group with the sums of other rounded figures or percentages computed includes tobacco manufactures, from rounded data. apparel and finished products, Percentages are shown to one decimal place to distinguish furniture and fixtures, printing and publishing, paving and them from absolute figures and thus facilitate reading of the roofing materials, miscellaneous products of petroleum and tables. coal, leather products, and miscellaneous manufacturing. Among The percentages, like the aggregate figures, are estimates subject to sampling errors. -I Table A-l. I n d u s tr y Scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 S c ie n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs E n gi n e e rs Chem ists P h ysi c is ts M e ta l lu r g is ts G e o lo g i s t s and. g e o p h y s i c is ts Mathe ma tic ia n s M ed ica l s c ie n tis ts A g r ic u l tu ra l s c ie n tis ts B io lo g ic a l s c ie n tis ts U n c la s s ifie d s c ie n tis ts Number A l l I n d u s t r i e s ........................................... 8 5 X .6 0 0 681*,600 81,600 1 3 ,9 0 0 12,1*00 X 2 ,9 0 0 XI*, 700 7 ,7 0 0 8,600 X 0 .2 0 0 5,000 M an u fa ctu rin g ........................................................................ # 6 1 3 ,6 0 0 1*80,300 69,200 11,500 1 1 ,1 0 0 U ,xoo 9 ,7 0 0 7,300 7 ,5 o o 8,1*00 t»,7 0 0 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ........................................... Food and kindred p r o d u c ts ......................................... T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c ts ................................................... Lumber and wood p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t f u r n it u r e Paper and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts ......................................... 3 9 ,5 0 0 2 2 ,2 0 0 7 ,0 0 0 600 5,300 2,800 1 ,0 0 0 300 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) 1»,!*00 (X) 100 5oo (X ) (X ) (X ) x ,5 o o (X ) (X ) 1 1 ,7 0 0 9 5 ,5 o o 7 ,9 0 0 3 9 ,2 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 3 5 ,8 0 0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 100 (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) 600 1,600 3 6 ,9 0 0 10,1*00 1*,100 0 00 (X ) 300 xoo 1*5,900 8 ,2 0 0 2 6 ,2 0 0 l*,l*oo 15,600 1,600 A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m ic a ls ........................................... O ther ch e m ic a l p r o d u c ts ........................................ 21,600 2,200 17,600 3 ,5 o o 6 ,1 0 0 500 6,1*00 1 ,1 0 0 9 , Soo (1 ) 1 00 (1 ) (1 ) (X ) 100 P etro leu m r e f i n i n g .......................................................... Rubber and m isc e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s p ro d u c ts 2 0 ,9 0 0 7 ,7 0 0 l!» ,lo o 3 , $00 1 ,8 0 0 2 00 100 (X ) (X ) S to n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c ts .......................... P rim ary m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s ........................................... 9 ,1 0 0 3 2 ,0 0 0 1,300 2,800 200 100 B l a s t fu rn a c e and b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s .. Other p rim a ry m eta l i n d u s t r i e s ....................... l!»,l*0 0 8 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 100 11,800 F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ................................... M achinery, e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ................................. 2 5 ,1 0 0 6 9 ,2 0 0 2 2 ,7 0 0 61*,000 1 ,$ 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 100 E n gin es and t u r b i n e s ................................................ O f f i c e , com puting, and ac co u n tin g m ach in es......................................................................... Farm m achinery and equipm ent............................ Other m achinery............................................................ 3 ,9 0 0 3,600 ll*,l*0 0 7,1*00 1*3,600 E l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s . . . . . . . . . E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a tu s........................................... Household a p p lia n c e s ................................................ C hem icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . . . ....................... I n d u s t r i a l c h e m ic a ls ................................................ P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s . . . D ru gs..................................................................................... Communication equipm ent........................................ E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w irin g e q u ip m e n t.. E le c t r o n i c components and a c c e s s o r i e s . . . R ad io and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e iv in g s e t s ........... M is c e lla n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s ......................................................................... 2 00 500 500 800 (X) 7 , XOO X ,8 0 0 xoo 7 ,3 0 0 (X ) x ,x o o 200 (X ) 5oo xoo xoo (X ) 1*00 (X ) 7 00 xoo 300 1 00 (x> (X ) xoo xoo (X ) xoo 6 ,9 0 0 (X ) xoo 700 5oo 100 5,800 300 xoo 7 00 (X ) 1*00 2,800 (X ) 200 (X ) (X ) (X ) 100 (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) 5 ,9 0 0 (X ) xoo (X ) 200 (X ) (X ) (X ) xoo (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) 3 ,7 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 100 (X ) 200 2 ,2 0 0 (X ) (X ) xoo xoo (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) 800 5oo X ,0 0 0 (X ) 100 200 ' X ,7 0 0 (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) xoo (X ) 200 100 (1 ) xoo (X ) 100 (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) 1 1 ,8 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 1*1,500 Uoo 1 00 5oo (1 ) xoo 200 800 300 600 (X ) (X ) xoo 1,1*00 (X ) 200 (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) xo o xoo (X ) (X ) 1 2 3 ,2 0 0 1 1 2 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 7 00 (X ) 2,600 (X ) (X ) (X) 700 2 5 ,3 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 23,800 600 1*00 3 ,5 0 0 1 00 200 (X ) (X ) (X ) 200 (X ) (X) (X) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) xoo (X ) 55,1*00 !» ,2 0 0 1 8 ,7 0 0 1 0 ,8 0 0 5 o ,5 o o 600 2 00 9 ,9 0 0 5oo (1 ) 200 (X ) 200 (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) (X ) 600 100 1 ,1 0 0 200 (1 ) (X ) (X) (X ) 1,600 3,900 16,000 (1 ) 1 ,9 0 0 100 (X ) (X ) (X ) 5 ,1 0 0 l*,5 o o Uoo 100 xoo (X ) (X ) (X ) (X) (X ) (X ) 2 0 ,2 0 0 5,800 7,500 22,700 600 1,1*00 100 1*00 (X ) 20 (1 ) 1,600 (1 ) See fo o t n o t e a t end o f t a b l e . 200 (X ) (X ) 900 (X ) 500 Table A-l. Scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 — In d u s tr y S c ie n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs E ngi n eers P h ysi c is ts Chem ists M e ta l lu r g is ts G eolo g i s t s and g e op h y si c is ts Mathe ma tic ia n s Continued M ed ica l s c ie n tis ts A g r ic u l tu ra l s c ie n tis ts B io lo g ic a l s c ie n tis ts U n c la s s ifie d s c ie n tis ts Number 2 ,7 0 0 (1) (1 ) 200 1,000 200 (1) 200 2 , 1(00 100 (1) ( 1) (1 ) ( 1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) ti) (1) (1) 100 1*00 1*00 100 100 100 200 300 1,200 100 100 1*00 ( 1) 200 200 (1 ) 100 ( 1) (1) (1 ) 100 (1) 200 100 (1) (1) (1) (1) ( 1) (1) (1) 1*00 1,100 1,800 300 1,900 1,800 200 200 (1 ) 1*00 1,300 (1) 2,000 1 , 1*00 10,200 300 1 5 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 i,5 o o n o ,l* o o 100,100 M otor v e h i c le s and equipm ent............................... A i r c r a f t and p a r t s ....................................................... O ther t r a n s p o r ta tio n equipm ent.......................... 22,200 83,000 5,100 7l*,!*00 1»,900 1,900 100 1 ,7 0 0 In stru m en ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c ts ......................... 30,200 2 5 ,5 0 0 E n gin e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ... O ther in stru m e n ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ... i i ,5 o o 18,800 O ther m anufacturing i n d u s t r i e s .............................. 8,300 6,600 T r a n sp o r ta tio n equipm ent................................. . . . . . 20,800 2 ,5 0 0 5oo w Nonm anufacturing...................................................................... 238,000 20l*,300 12 , 1*00 2 ,5 0 0 1,300 8,800 5,000 M in in g .......................................................................................... 2U,600 1 5 ,9 0 0 900 ( 1) 1*00 7,000 100 ( 1) ( 1) 200 (1) Crude petro leu m and n a tu r a l g a s ....................... M e ta l m in in g............................................................ C oal m in in g ......................................................................... Quarrying and n o n m e ta llic m in in g..................... 16 , 1*00 3 , 1*00 3,100 1,800 9 ,5 0 0 100 1*00 300 200 (1) ( 1) (1) ( 1) (1) 1*00 (1) (1) 6,500 1*00 100 100 100 (1) (1) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1) (1 ) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) C o n tra ct c o n s t r u c t io n ..................................................... T r a n s p o r ta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .................. 1*1,000 5oo (1) (1) ( 1) ( 1) (1) ( 1) 600 200 300 (1) (1) (1) 200 (1) (1) (1) (1) 200 ( 1) (1) 300 (1) (1) ( 1) ( 1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 5oo (1 ) (1) (1) 300 (1) (1) ( 1) (1) 100 (1) (1 ) 100 (1) (1) (1) (1 ) (1) (1) (1 ) ( 1) 200 (1) 2 , k )0 300 ( 1) 600 (1) ( 1) 800 1,600 1,200 (1) ( 1) (1) (1 ) (1) 1 ,9 0 0 (1) 100 300 100 100 100 1,600 (1) 600 (1) 300 (1) 200 (1) 1*00 ( 1) 800 (1) i,5 o o 1*00 ( 1) 300 100 (1) (1) ( 1) (1) (1 ) (1) 300 1*00 100 700 100 (1) (1 ) (1) ( 1) (1) (1) (1 ) (1) 9 00 (1) (1) R a ilr o a d t r a n s p o r t a t io n ........................................... Other t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ................... . ........................... Communication.................................................................... E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n ita r y s e r v l e t s . . , . ^ . . 1*9,200 5 ,3 0 0 1*,200 1 3 ,7 0 0 26,000 2,200 2,800 1 ,5 0 0 1*0,700 1*7,600 5,000 1*,100 1 3 ,7 0 0 21* , 800 W h o le sa le and r e t a i l t r a d e ........................................ F in a n c e , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e .................. S e r v i c e s ..................................................................................... 3 1 ,2 0 0 l*,5 0 0 8 6 ,5 0 0 7 3 ,9 0 0 6,Uoo (1) l*,5oo Commercial l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and management c o n s u ltin g s e r v i c e s .................. M ed ica l and d e n ta l l a b o r a t o r i e s ....................... E n g in e e rin g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . . . Other s e r v i c e s ................................................................. 3l*,100 700 1*9,800 1,800 25,800 (1) 1*7,100 1,000 3,800 200 1*00 100 A g r ic u lt u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s .............................................................................. 1,000 (1) 23,500 2,700 (1) 1/ L ess than 50 c a s e s , NO TE.--Totals have be en ca lc ul at ed on the basis of un ro un de d figures and therefore may not co rr es po nd exactly w i th those i n d i cated by the rounded figures shown. 21 - ( 1) 1,600 Table A-2. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 In d u stry S c ie n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs Engi n e ers Chem ists P h y si c is ts M e ta l lu r g is ts G eolo g i s t s and ge o p h y si c is ts Mathe ma tic ia n s M ed ical s c ie n tis ts A g r ic u l tu r a l s c ie n tis ts U n c la s s ifie d s c ie n tis t? B io lo g ic a l s c ie n tis ts P ercen t d i s t r i b u t i o n A ll i n d u s t r i e s , .......................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 M a n u fa c tu r in g ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. .. 7 2 .1 7 0 .2 8 4 .8 8 2 .3 8 9 .3 3 1 .5 6 5 .9 9 4 .3 8 6 .7 8 2 .3 9 4 .0 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ,..................................... Food and k indred p ro d u c ts..........................• • « , , , T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c ts ............................ ................... Lumber and wood p r o d u c ts , e x c e p t f u r n it u r e Paper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ,........................... .... Chem icals and a l l i e d p ro d u c ts............................ 4 .6 5 .4 1 .5 .7 6 .4 3 .5 6.8 2 .7 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 4 .5 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 2 .4 4 .0 7 .1 ( 1) ( 1) .5 5 .4 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 9 1 .8 ( 1) 5 0 .8 ( 1) .5 5 .1 ( 1) ( 1) .5 7 1 .6 ( 1) 2 8 .9 (l) ( 1) ( 1) 2 2 .5 6.8 .6 5 6 .7 -5 6 .9 6 .7 1 .9 6 .9 ( 1) 7 .1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) I n d u s t r ia l c h e m ic a ls ............. ..................... .... P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s , . . D r u g s ,.•••••••••••........................................ .... A g r ic u lt u r a l c h e m i c a ls ..• • • ............. .. Other ch em ical p r o d u c t s ,............... 2.6 »8 .2 1 .4 11.2 .6 .1 1.1 5 .7 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) .4 1 1 .3 .2 3 .9 4 3 .9 1.6 5 .4 3 .8 .6 .2 •1 1 9 .2 4 .2 7 .4 1 .4 10.0 1.0 .5 ( 1) ( 1) 3 .2 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 .5 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 3 .5 .5 .7 ( 1) ( 1) 8 9 .1 ( 1) .9 11.6 .6 1.1 .8 .8 1.1 4 .3 1 .3 .5 1.1 2 .1 -8 1.1 1.2 1.1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 4 7 .3 21.6 ( 1) ( 1) 1 .5 ( 1) ( 1) 1 .0 1.6 2 .5 .3 2 .1 6 .0 5 .7 2 0 .7 4 .8 ( 1) 8 .5 6 .4 .7 P etroleum r e f i n i n g , ••••••••••••............. Rubber and m is c e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s pro du cts S to n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s , . . . ................ Prim ary m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s . . . . . . •••••••••••• 2 .5 .9 3 .8 3 .3 3 .5 B la s t fu rn ace and b a s ic s t e e l p r o d u c t s .. Other prim ary m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s . . •••••••• 2 .4 1 .4 2 .1 1.2 2.1 .7 ( 1) 2 9 .7 1 7 .6 .7 ( 1) 1 .0 .5 ( 1) 1 .4 (1 ) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) F a b ric a te d m eta l p r o d u c t s ..................... .............. M achinery, e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l . . . . . ••••••••• 2 .9 3 .3 9 .3 1.8 1.6 .8 4 .3 8.1 8.0 ( 1) 1 .0 1.1 5 .9 1 1 .7 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) .5 ( 1) 3 .6 .7 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 2.2 1.6 Engines and t u r b i n e s .............. .......................... .... O f f i c e , com puting, and ac co u n tin g m ach in es...................................... Farm m achinery and equipm ent.................... Other m achinery............................ ................................ .5 .5 .1 ( 1) 1 .7 .9 5 .1 1 .7 1 .0 .5 .1 3 .7 ( 1) 6.1 .9 E l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s . •••••••• 1 4 .5 1 6 .4 3 .0 .4 6 .5 .5 3 .5 .5 7 .4 2 .2 E le c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s ..................... H ousehold a p p l i a n c e s .•••••••••••................. Communication equipm ent. E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w irin g e q u ip m e n t.• E le c t r o n ic components and a c c e s s o r i e s . . • R adio and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e iv in g s e t s . . . . . M is c e lla n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s ...................................................................... 1 See f o o t n o t e .7 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1.2 ( 1) ( 1) 1 .0 .8 2 .0 1 .3 4 .8 ( 1) ( 1) 1 .0 9 .5 ( 1) 1 .3 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) .5 2 .4 ( 1) ( 1) 3 .9 2 8 .2 5 .8 ( 1) 1 7 .4 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 3 .7 1 .3 .3 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 .7 ( 1) 2 .3 1 .4 ( 1) 1 .3 ( 1) 1 .5 1 .3 3 .0 ( 1) 1 3 .6 .5 6 .5 3 .9 1.6 .6 .8 .2 .8 .2 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 1 .5 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) .6 .7 .5 .6 .6 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) a t end o f t a b l e . 22 - 1.1 ( 1) 11.1 ( 1) 3 .2 1.1 ( 1) 1.1 1 ( 1) Table A-2. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 — In d u stry S c ie n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs E ngi n eers Chem ists P h y si c is ts M e ta l lu r g is ts G eolo g i s t s and ge o p h y si c is ts Mathe ma tic ia n s M ed ical sc ie n tis ts Continued A g r ic u l tu ral s c ie n tis ts B io lo g- ■ U n c la s ic a l s ifie d s c ie n s c ie n tis ts tis ts P ercent d i s t r i b u t i o n 1 3 .0 1 4 .6 3 .0 1 3 .9 1 4 .8 1 .5 1 8 .5 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .8 1 9 .2 2 .6 9 .8 .6 3 .0 1 0 .9 .7 .6 2 .3 .1 1 .2 1 2 .3 (1 ) 3 .6 1 0 .9 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .5 (1 ) 1 .7 1 6 .4 .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1) 1 .8 (1 ) (1 ) 1 8 .3 (1 ) 3 .6 3 .7 2 .5 1 0 .3 1 .1 3 .1 2 .4 ♦7 .9 3 .3 E n gin e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c in s t r u m e n ts .• Other in stru m en ts and r e la t e d p ro d u c ts. . 1 .3 2 .2 1 .5 2 .2 .4 2 .1 2 .0 8 .3 .7 .4 3 .0 (1 ) 1 .3 1 .2 (1 ) .7 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) .9 (1 ) 3 .3 Other m a nufacturing i n d u s t r i e s ........................... 1 .0 1 .0 1 .8 .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Nonm anufacturing. •••••....................... •••••••••••• 2 7 .9 2 9 .8 1 5 .2 1 7 .7 1 3 .3 1 7 .7 M in in g ...................••••••••••••••••...............••••• 2 .9 2 .3 1 .1 Crude petroleum and n a tu ra l g a s . . . . . . . . . M etal m in in g............. ...................................................... C oal m i n i n g . . . ••••••........... •••••................... .. Q uarrying and n o n m e ta llic m i n i n g . . . . . . . . 1 .9 .4 .4 .2 1 .4 .3 .4 .2 C o n tra c t c o n s t r u c t i o n .•••••••••.................. .. T r a n s p o r ta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . ............. 4 .8 5 .8 R a ilr o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .•••••••••••••••• Other t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . ....................... ................... Com m unication................... . . . • • .............. E l e c t r i c , g a s,a n d s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s W h olesa le and r e t a i l tr a d e ...........••••................. F in a n c e , In su ra n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . . . . . . . S e r v i c e s . . ............. ............................................................... T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t.•••••...........••••••• M otor v e h i c le s and e q u ip m e n t.••••••••••• Other tr a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t................ .. Instrum en ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . . Commercial l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and management c o n s u ltin g s e r v i c e s •••••••• M ed ica l and d e n ta l l a b o r a t o r i e s ................ .. E n gin e e rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . • Other s e r v i c e s . • • • • ..• • • • • • • • • • ..................... A g r ic u lt u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s . ..........................................•••••••••••• (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 1 0 .7 6 8 .5 3 4 .1 (1 ) 3 .6 5 4 .4 .7 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .9 (1 ) .2 .5 .3 .2 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 3 .3 (1 ) (1 ) 5 0 .0 3 .1 .7 .6 .6 (1) (1) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 1 .8 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 5 .9 6 .9 (1 ) .7 (1 ) (1) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 4 .3 1 .3 2 .1 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 2 .0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) .6 .5 1 .6 3 .1 .7 .6 2 .0 3 .6 .2 (1 ) (1 ) .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 3 .8 (1) (1 ) (1 ) 1 .9 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) .6 (1 ) (1 ) 1 .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 3 .7 .5 1 0 .2 3 .4 .4 1 0 .8 7 .8 (1 ) 5 .6 1 .2 (1 ) 1 6 .0 2 .2 (1 ) 4 .6 (1 ) (1 ) 9 .4 5 .6 1 1 .1 1 3 .2 (1 ) 1 .2 4 .4 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1) 1 5 .7 1 .9 1 .1 2 .8 4 .0 •1 5 .9 .2 3 .8 (1 ) 6 .9 .2 4 .7 •3 .5 .1 1 1 .4 (1 ) 4 .6 (1 ) 2 .7 (1 ) 1 .9 (1 ) 2 .9 (1 ) 6 .4 (1 ) 1 0 .1 (1 ) 3 .0 (1 ) 3 .6 .6 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 3 .2 4 .2 1 .3 7 .0 1 .8 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) 1 £ .6 •1 (1 ) (1 ) 1/ L e ss than $ 0 c a s e s ; p e rce n ta g e n o t computed. NOTE.— Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. »6 - 23 - 5 .7 (1 ) 6 .0 (1 ) Table A-3. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 Scientists and engi neers in all establish ments Industry Scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of-- Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more Number 851,600 152,700 160,500 81,900 456,500 613,600 57,400 103,700 60,900 391,600 39,500 22,200 7,000 1,600 11,700 95,500 100 4,900 200 200 2,700 8,900 300 8,600 5,200 1,000 3,300 21,900 2,100 4,000 400 300 1,800 7,800 37,000 4,700 1,300 100 3,900 56,800 Plastics and synthetics, except glass............................ 45,900 8,200 21,600 19,800 1,400 1,000 2,000 4,500 5,400 2,300 6,100 8,200 2,700 1,500 1,700 2,000 36,400 3,400 11,800 5,100 Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products......................... 20,900 7,700 9,100 32,000 500 500 1,500 2,400 2,900 1,500 3,100 5,900 1,900 1,800 1,300 3,000 15,600 3,900 3,100 20,700 20,200 11,800 1,000 1,500 2,800 3,100 1,300 1,700 15,200 5,500 Fabricated metal products,................. ............... ....... Machinery, except electrical..... ................................ 25,100 69,200 6,400 13,300 7,600 14,900 4,200 10,100 6,900 31,000 Engines and turbines............................................ Farm machinery and equipment......... ........................... Other machinery............................................... . 3,900 14,400 7,400 43,600 200 200 2,700 10,200 100 1,100 1,100 12,600 500 1,800 500 7,300 3,100 11,200 3,100 13,500 Electrical equipment and supplies.................................. 123,200 9,500 14,000 12,600 87,100 Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus......... . Household appliances,......................................... . Communication equipment,........................................ Electric lighting and wiring equipment.......................... . Electronic components and accessories.................... ........ Radio and television receiving sets.............................. Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies,....... .......... 25,300 3,700 55,400 4,200 18,700 10,800 5,100 3,900 200 1,200 600 3,100 300 300 3,900 200 3,500 1,000 2,800 1,500 1,000 5,000 300 3,200 1,100 2,200 400 300 12,500 3,000 47,500 1,400 10,600 8,600 3,500 Food and kindred products.......... ............................... See footnotes at end of table. 24 Table A-3, Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 -- Continued Industry Scientists and engi neers in all establish ments Scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of-Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more Number 110,400 1,900 5,300 5,900 97,300 Motor vehicles and equipment,.............. .................... Aircraft and parts..... ....................................... Other transportation equipment,•«•,••••............ . 22,200 83,000 5,100 300 1,300 300 1,000 3,800 400 1,100 4,500 300 19,700 73,500 4,100 Instruments and related products,,................................ 30,200 2,700 5,600 2,600 19,400 Engineering and scientific instruments,......................... Other instruments and related products..... ..................... 11,500 18,800 600 2,100 1,500 4,100 400 2,200 9,000 10,400 Other manufacturing industries,,,••••............................. 8,300 1,800 2,500 1,200 2,800 Nonmanufacturing.................................................. 238,000 95,300 56,800 21,000 64,900 Mining......................................................... 24,600 9,300 7,500 2,600 5,300 Crude petroleum and natural gas................................. Metal mining.................................................. Coal mining................................................... Quarrying and nonmetallic mining......... ................ . 16,400 3,400 3,100 1,800 7,100 700 1,200 300 5,200 900 500 800 1,600 200 200 600 2,500 1,500 1,200 (2) Contract construction............................................ Transportation and public utilities............................... 41,000 49,200 24,200 5,300 9,000 6,500 3,100 4,400 4,700 33,000 Railroad transportation........................................ Other transportation........................................... Communication................................... ............. Electric, gas, and sanitary services,........................... 5,300 4,200 13,700 26,000 (3) 300 3,200 1,800 100 1,900 1,900 2,600 100 800 700 2,900 5,000 1,200 7,900 18,800 Wholesale and retail trade....................................... 31,200 4,500 86,500 8,900 200 47,000 12,100 1,000 20,300 5,200 1,000 4,600 5,100 2,300 14,500 34,100 52,400 13,200 33,800 8,600 11,700 3,200 1,400 9,100 5,400 1,000 400 500 (2) (2) Transportation equipment,............... ................ . Services....................................................... Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services Other services i/............................................. Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries, ....... ....... ...... 1/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined as follows: Other chemical products--agricultural chemicals. Other services.-medical and dental laboratories, engineering and architectural services, 2/ Less than 50 cases, N0TE,--Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 3 / Size group n ot sampled. 25 Table A-4. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 Scientists and engi neers in all establish ments Industry Scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of— Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more Percent distribution All industries................................... 100,0 17,9 18,8 9.6 53.6 Manufacturing..................................................... . 100.0 9.4 16,9 9.9 63.8 Ordnance and accessories.......................................... Food and kindred products,..,,,.................................... Textile Bill products..... ....................................... Luaber and wood products, except furniture,..... *.... ••••...... .. Paper and allied products,........................................ Chemicals and allied products...................... ............... 100,0 100.0 100,0 100,0 100.0 100,0 .2 22,2 2.2 12,6 22,6 9.4 .9 38.6 74.1 60,0 28.1 23,0 5.3 18,0 5.1 18,5 15.8 8.2 93.6 21.2 18.6 8.9 33.5 59.5 ....... ............................... Industrial chemicals, Plastics and synthetics, except glass..................... ....... Drugs................. ........................................ Other chemical products 1/,..................................... 100,0 100,0 100,0 100.0 3,1 12,6 9.2 22.7 11.7 28,1 28.1 41,4 5.8 17.7 7.9 10.1 79.3 41.7 54.9 25.8 Petroleum refining,,................. ............................. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.................. ....... Stone, clay, and glass products........... ............... ......... Primary metal industries............ ••••••••••••.............. ••••• 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 2,2 7.1 16.7 7.6 14,0 19,1 34,3 18,5 9.1 23.2 14.6 9.3 74.7 50.6 34.4 64.6 Blast furnace and basic steel products,................ ....... .. Other primary metal industries,.................................. 100,0 100,0 4.7 12,6 13.8 26,4 6.4 14.2 75.0 46.8 Fabricated metal products................. ..... ..... ............ Machinery, except electrical,..................................... . 100,0 100.0 25.4 19,2 30,4 21,6 16.9 14.5 27.3 44.7 Engines and turbines,........................................... Office, computing, and accounting machines,........... ............ Farm machinery and equipment,•••••••............................ . Other machinery,..... ................. ........................ 100,0 100,0 100.0 100,0 4.4 1.7 36.8 23,4 3.0 7.8 14.3 29,0 12.3 12.6 7.0 16.7 80.3 77.9 41.9 31.0 100,0 7.7 11.4 10.2 70.7 100.0 100,0 100.0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 15.5 4.7 2.1 14,8 16.4 2.7 5.2 15,6 5.4 6.4 23,5 15,0 14.2 19.7 19.7 7.2 5.8 27.3 11.9 4.1 5.6 49.3 82.8 85.7 34.3 56.7 78.9 69.5 Electrical equipment and supplies..............••••••.............. Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus........ . Household appliances,....... ........................... ....... . Communication equipment.............••••••••.................... Electric lighting and wiring equipment,.......................... . Electronic components and accessories, ....... ..................... Radio and television receiving sets............................ .. Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies,.......... •••••••••• See footnotes at end of table. 26 Table A-4. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 -- Continued Industry Scientists and engi neers in all establish ments Scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of-Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more Percent distribution Transportation equipment******..................................... 100.0 1.7 4.8 5.4 88.1 Motor vehicles and equipment**....... .................. . Aircraft and parts*....••••.......................... ........... Other transportation equipment*...........•••••....... ........... 100.0 100*0 100*0 1.5 1.5 5.1 4.7 4.6 8.2 4.9 5.4 6.4 88.9 88.5 80.4 Instruments and related products*........ *............. *•••••••••••• 100.0 9.0 18.4 8.5 64.1 Engineering and scientific instruments.......................... Other instruments and related products............................ 100.0 100*0 5.0 11.5 12.8 21.8 3.6 11.5 78.5 55.2 100.0 21.3 30.7 14.3 33.8 Nonmanufacturing* •••••••••••••••..................................... 100.0 40.0 23.9 8.8 27.3 Mining........................................................... 100.0 37.9 30.4 10.4 21.3 Crude petroleum and natural gas.................................. Metal mining*................................................... Coal mining*............. ...... •••••••.......................... Quarrying and nonmetallic mining................... .............. 100.0 100.0 100*0 100*0 43.4 21.3 38.1 17.6 31.9 27.2 17.0 45.5 9.5 7.0 5.4 34.5 15.2 44.5 39.5 (2) Contract construction................... *....................... . Transportation and public utilities*................................ 100*0 100.0 59.0 10.7 22.0 13.2 7.7 9.0 11.4 67.1 100.0 100*0 100.0 100.0 (3) 7.3 23.2 6*8 2.7 45.6 13.8 9.8 1.5 18.7 5.1 11.0 95.8 28.5 57.8 72.4 Wholesale and retail trade..... .................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate.................... ............ Services*....................................................... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 28.5 4.7 54.3 38.6 21.7 23.5 16.6 22.6 5.4 16.3 51.0 16.8 Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services** Other services 1/........... ••••................................ 100.0 100*0 38.7 64.5 25.1 22.4 9.5 2.7 26.7 10.4 Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries*..**.................. * 100.0 47.0 53.0 (2) (2) Other manufacturing industries...... ..................... ........ * Railroad transportation*.*............................... ........ Other transportation*•*••................. .................. ••••• Communication..... ............. *.............................. Electric, gas, and sanitary services*....... ........... ..... .. 1 / In clu d e d in d e s ig n a te d in d u s tr y group a re in d u s t r ie s com bined as fo llo w s : O ther ch e m ica l p r o d u c t s - - a g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m ica ls* O ther s e r v i c e s - - m e d i c a l and d e n t a l l a b o r a t o r i e s , e n g in e e r in g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s * 2 / L ess than 50 c a s e s ; p e rc e n ta g e n o t computed* 3 / S iz e group n o t sampled* NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown* 27 Table A -5. Scientists and engineers as percent of total employment, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 S cie n tists em p lo ym en t S c ie n tists and e n g i n e e r s in a l l e sta b lish m en ts In du stry Under 100 and e n g i n e e r s o f-- 1 0 0 -4 9 9 in e sta b lish m e n ts 5 00 -9 9 9 w ith to ta l 1 ,0 0 0 or m ore i n d u s t r i e s ............................................................... 3 .0 2 .0 1 .9 2 .8 4 .7 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ................................................................................................ 3 .8 1 .6 2 .2 3 .3 6 .4 1 8 .3 1 .3 .8 .5 2 .0 1 0 .2 3 .3 .9 .2 .2 2 .6 5 .7 3 .6 1 .2 1 .7 .6 1 .4 1 0 .2 1 0 .2 2 .3 .2 .9 1 .9 8 .4 2 0 .2 1 .6 .4 .6 2 .7 1 2 .1 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s .................................... .......................... P l a s t i c s a n d s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ............ D r u g s ............................................................................................................ O t h e r c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t s 1 / ............................................. 1 1 .3 7 .8 1 6 .9 6 .7 5 .7 7 .8 1 0 .6 4 .5 9 .3 1 3 .0 1 6 .9 7 .9 7 .3 7 .5 1 2 .0 8 .7 1 2 .7 6 .3 2 0 .2 7 .4 P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ........................................................................... R u b b e r an d m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s . . S t o n e , c l a y a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s ....................................... P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ......................................................... 9 .7 2 .0 1 .9 2 .6 8 .2 .8 1 .0 2 .0 1 0 .2 1 .6 1 .8 2 .4 and b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s . . . . m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ................................. 2 .2 3 .6 1 .5 2 .5 1 .9 3 .4 1 .9 2 .9 2 .4 4 .6 m e t a l p r o d u c t s ...................................................... e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ............................................. 2 .2 4 .6 1 .5 3 .3 2 .2 4 .2 2 .9 5 .1 3 .1 5 .7 E n g i n e s a n d t u r b i n e s ............................................................... O f f i c e , c o m p u t i n g , an d a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s F a r m m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t ....................................... O t h e r m a c h i n e r y .............................................................................. 4 .8 9 .5 2 .9 4 .3 8 .2 4 .4 2 .2 3 .8 2 .3 6 .4 2 .7 4 .3 5 .2 1 5 .4 3 .4 4 .5 4 .9 9 .6 3 .8 4 .8 7 .8 5 .6 4 .7 6 .6 9 .4 7 .4 2 .6 1 2 .3 3 .1 7 .0 7 .8 1 0 .1 2 .4 6 .6 2 .0 6 .9 2 .6 5 .1 .8 8 .2 2 .2 4 .5 7 .6 6 .9 1 .3 1 4 .1 4 .3 7 .1 3 .9 8 .1 3 .4 1 3 .0 4 .4 8 .4 8 .9 4 .6 1 .4 4 .2 4 .2 5 .8 A ll O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ............................................................ F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ...................................................... T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s .................................................................. Lumber an d w o o d p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e . . P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ...................................................... C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s .......................................... B la st O ther fu rn ace p rim a ry F a b rica ted M ach in ery, E le c tric a l equ ip m en t and s u p p l i e s .............................. E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n e q u i p m e n t and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s ......................................................... H o u s e h o l d a p p l i a n c e s ............................................................... C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ...................................................... E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w i r i n g e q u i p m e n t . . . . E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ............. R a d i o an d t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s .................. M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u ip m e n t and s u p p l i e s ............................................................... ............................. See foot no te s at end of table. 28 8 2 2 2 .8 .9 .2 .3 9 2 3 2 .8 .5 .0 .7 Table A -5. Scie nt is ts and engineers as percent of total employment, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 — Co nt in ue d S cie n tists em p lo ym en t S c ie n tists and e n g i n e e r s in a l l e sta b lish m e n ts In du stry Under and of- e n g in eers in e sta b lish m e n ts 1 00 -4 9 9 100 w ith total 1 ,0 0 0 , m ore 5 0 0 -9 9 9 e q u i p m e n t ............................................................ 6 .8 1 .8 3 .0 5 .7 7 .9 M o t o r v e h i c l e s a n d e q u i p m e n t .......................................... A i r c r a f t an d p a r t s ........................................................................ O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .................................... 3 .0 1 2 .4 2 .4 1 .1 3 .9 .7 1 .5 7 .5 .8 2 .2 1 2 .2 1 .8 3 .4 1 3 .4 4 .1 p r o d u c t s .................................... 8 .6 4 .0 6 .9 6 .2 1 1 .8 E n g i n e e r i n g and s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ............ O t h e r i n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ............ 1 7 .7 6 .5 6 .7 3 .7 1 2 .2 6 .0 6 .9 6 .1 2 3 .6 8 .3 i n d u s t r i e s .......................................... .3 .2 .2 .2 .6 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g .......................................................................................... 1 .9 2 .3 1 .5 2 .0 1 .8 M i n i n g .................................................................................................................. 1 .9 2 .3 1 .5 2 .0 1 .8 C r u d e p e t r o l e u m a n d n a t u r a l g a s ................................. M e t a l m i n i n g .......................................................................................... C o a l m i n i n g ............................................................................................. Q u a r r y i n g a n d n o n m e t a l l i c m i n i n g .............................. 5 .3 4 .5 2 .0 1 .7 4 .2 9 .2 2 .7 .6 6 .6 5 .9 1 .3 2 .2 8 .6 2 .9 .8 4 .6 5 .9 3 .5 2 .4 (2) C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n ..................................................................... T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ........................... 2 .5 1 .4 1 .9 .6 2 .7 1 .1 9 .2 1 .9 1 1 .5 1 .8 R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ......................................................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .................................................................. C o m m u n i c a t i o n ....................................................................................... E l e c t r i c , g a s , an d s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s .................. .7 .3 1 .7 4 .2 (3) .1 2 .5 1 .9 .6 .5 2 ..1 2 .8 .4 .7 1 .6 5 .7 .7 .5 1 .5 4 .9 W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e ...................................................... F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ........................... S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................................ .8 .3 6 .4 .9 .1 7 .6 .8 .2 4 .5 1 .3 .6 3 .1 .6 .5 1 1 .0 C om m ercia l l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s i n e s s and m a n a g e m e n t c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s .............................. 5 .6 9 .0 3 .2 1 .1 7 .1 5 .6 6 .2 5 .2 (2) (2) T ra n sp o rta tio n In stru m en ts O ther and re la ted m a n u fa ctu rin g A g ricu ltu ra l se rv ice s, f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s 1 / In clu d ed in d e s ig n a te d in d u s tr y group are in d u s t r ie s com bin ed as f o l l o w s : O ther ch e m ic al p r o d u c t s - - a g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m ic a ls . O t h e r s e r v i c e s - - m e d i c a l and d e n t a l l a b o r a t o r i e s , e n g i n e e r i n g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 2 / Less than 3 / S ize group 50 cases; not p ercen ta ge not or com p uted. sa m p led . NO TE .- -P er ce nt s have be en ca lc ul at ed on the basis of un ro un de d figures and therefore ma y not correspond exactly w i t h those in dicated by the rounded figures shown. 29 Table A-6. Scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962 Scientists and engi neers in all establish ments Occupational group Scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of— Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more Number All groups......................................... 851,600 152,700 160,500 81,900 456,500 Engineers...................................... .................. Physical scientists........ ............... .................. ..... 684,600 120,900 127,600 18,500 116,700 32,400 65,000 11,600 375,300 58,400 Chemists. ............. ............... ....... ................. . Physicists..............•............. ............ ............ Metallurgi sts............... ....... ................... ...... . Geologists and geophysicists............... ..... ....... ...... . 81,600 13,900 12,400 12,900 10,900 1,300 1,800 4,500 26,000 1,400 1,800 3,200 8,300 1,100 1,100 1,100 36,400 10,100 7,700 4,200 Life scientists........ ..... ••••••••••••.... ••••••••••••••.......... 26,500 5,200 9,600 1,300 10,400 Medical scientists............. ..... ............................ Agricultural scientists.......................................... Biological scientists........ .........••••••••••........... •••••• 7,700 8,600 10,200 1,000 2,600 1,600 2,200 4,000 3,400 200 400 700 4,300 1,600 4,500 Mathematicians. ............... ...... .......... •••..•••........ . Unclassified sclentists................................ •••••......... 14,700 5,000 1,300 100 1,300 500 2,100 1,900 9,900 2,500 NOTE.— T o t a ls have been c a l c u l a t e d on th e b a s i s o f unrounded f i g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e may n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w ith t h o s e in d ic a t e d by th e roun ded f i g u r e s shown. 30 Table A-7. percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by size of establishment and occupational group, January 1962 S c ie n t is ts and e n g i n e e r s in a l l e s ta b lis h m ents O c c u p a tio n a l group S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith t o t a l employment o f - Under 100 100-499 500-999 1*000 o r more > P ercen t d i s t r i b u t i on A l l g r o u p s * . . . ................... .............................................••••••............. 100*0 1 7 .9 1 8 .8 9 .6 5 3 .6 E n g i n e e r s . * . . . . . ................... ................................................................................................•••• P h y s ic a l s c i e n t i s t s ................................ ••••.......................................................... ............... .. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 8 .6 1 5 .3 17 .1 2 6 .8 9 .5 9 .6 5 4 .8 4 8 .3 Chemi s t s .............. •••••••..................................................................................................... ••• P h y s i c i s t s ............ ........................ ........................ .......................................... ....................•••• M e t a l l u r g i s t s ................................................................................................................................ G e o l o g i s t s and g e o p h y s i c i s t s . ................... •••••••••............... .................................... 1 0 0 .0 100*0 100*0 1 0 0 .0 1 3 .4 9 .4 1 4 .7 3 4 .5 3 1 .9 9 .9 1 4 .8 2 4 .5 1 0 .1 8 .1 8 .6 8 .8 4 4 .6 7 2 .6 6 1 .8 3 2 .2 L i f e s c i e n t i s t s ........................................................................................ ...................................... 100*0 1 9 .7 3 6 .4 4 .8 3 9 .1 M e d ica l s c i e n t i s t s .............................. ............... ........................................ ........................ .. A g r i c u l t u r a l s c i e n t i s t s . ............ ............... ................. ........................................................ B i o l o g i c a l s c i e n t i s t s ................................ •••••••••••............................................... .. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 3 .0 3 0 .3 1 5 .9 2 8 .7 4 6 .6 3 3 .5 3 .0 4 .4 6 .5 5 5 .3 1 8 .7 4 4 .1 M a th e m a ticia n s*............ * ............. * .........................••••••........................................................ .. U n c l a s s i f i e d s c i e n t i s t s ....................................... ....................................................•••••••• 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 9 .0 1 .6 8 .8 9 .3 1 4 .4 3 8 .5 6 7 .8 5 0 .5 i NOTE.— P e rc e n ts have been c a l c u l a t e d on th e b a s is o f unrounded f i g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e may n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w ith th o se in d ic a t e d by th e rounded f i g u r e s shown* 31 Table A-8. Scientists and engineers, by function and occupational group, January 1962 S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e r s p r im a r ily engaged in — O c c u p a tio n a l group S c ie n t is t s and e n g in e e r s , a ll a c tiv itie s R esearch and developm ent Management and a d m in is t r a t io n o f — R esearch and developm ent O ther a c tiv itie s T e c h n ic a l s a le s and s e r v ice P r o d u c tio n and o p e r a tio n s A ll oth er a c tiv itie s Number A l l g r o u p s .................................... 8 5 1 ,6 0 0 2 5 6 ,6 0 0 4 7 ,2 0 0 1 0 7 ,5 0 0 9 2 ,7 0 0 2 9 1 ,9 0 0 5 5 ,7 0 0 6 8 4 ,6 0 0 12 0 ,9 0 0 18 6 ,2 0 0 5 3 ,8 0 0 3 4 ,8 0 0 9 ,7 0 0 9 2 ,8 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 7 4 ,9 0 0 9 ,3 0 0 2 5 2 ,9 0 0 3 0 ,6 0 0 4 3 ,1 0 0 7 ,5 0 0 C h e m ists......................................................................... P h y s i c i s t s ..................................................................... M e t a l l u r g i s t s .............................................................. G e o l o g i s t s and g e o p h y s i c i s t s . ......................... 8 1 ,6 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 1 2 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,9 0 0 3 8 ,7 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 900 6 ,8 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 800 300 5 ,8 0 0 400 1 ,7 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 7 ,8 0 0 400 800 400 2 0 ,1 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 4 ,6 0 0 4 ,9 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 300 300 4 ,3 0 0 L i f e s c i e n t i s t s . ........................................................... 2 6 ,5 0 0 7 ,9 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 6 ,4 0 0 5 ,1 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 M e d ica l s c i e n t i s t s ................................................... A g r i c u l t u r a l s c i e n t i s t s . ..................................... B i o l o g i c a l s c i e n t i s t s ............................................ 7 ,7 0 0 8 ,6 0 0 1 0 ,2 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 4 ,9 0 0 400 500 600 700 1 ,7 0 0 500 3 ,4 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 600 2 ,3 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 200 M a th e m a ticia n s. ••••.• • ................... .. ....................... U n c l a s s i f i e d s c i e n t i s t s ............................ ............... 1 4 ,7 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 700 700 1 ,3 0 0 500 1 ,5 0 0 500 2 ,8 0 0 600 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 E n g in e e r s ..................................................................... .. P h y s ic a l s c i e n t i s t s . • NOTE*— T o t a ls have been c a l c u l a t e d on th e b a s is o f unrounded fi g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e may n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w ith t h o s e i n d ic a t e d by th e roun ded f i g u r e s shown* 32 Table A-9. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and occupational group, January 1962 S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e r s p r im a r ily engaged in — O c c u p a tio n a l group S c ie n t is ts and e n g in e e r s , a ll a c tiv itie s R esearch and developm ent Management and a d m in is t r a tio n o f — R esearch and developm ent O ther a c tiv itie s T e c h n ic a l s a le s and s e r v ic e P r o d u c tio n and o p e r a t io n s A ll o th e r a c tiv itie s P e rc e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n A l l g r o u p s ................................................ 1 0 0 .0 3 0 .1 5 .5 1 2 .6 1 0 .9 3 4 .3 6 .5 E n g in e e r s ................ .......................................................... P h y s ic a l s c i e n t i s t s . .................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 2 7 .2 4 4 .5 5 .1 8 .0 1 3 .6 8 .3 1 0 .9 7 .7 3 6 .9 2 5 .3 6 .3 6 .2 C h em ists......................................................... .. P h y s i c i s t s .............. ........................ ............................. M e t a l l u r g i s t s ............................ ................................. G e o l o g i s t s and g e o p h y s i c i s t s ............................ 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 4 7 .4 7 2 .1 3 3 .7 6 .8 8 .3 1 2 .6 6 .8 2 .3 7 .1 2 .8 1 3 .7 1 6 .3 9 .5 3 .0 6 .3 2 .8 2 4 .6 7 .0 3 7 .3 3 8 .1 3 .0 2 .4 2 .3 3 3 .6 L i f e s c i e n t i s t s ....................... ..................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 9 .7 5 .4 1 0 .9 2 4 .3 19 .1 1 0 .5 M e d ica l s c i e n t i s t s ................................................... A g r i c u l t u r a l s c i e n t i s t s . ••••••••••••••••• B i o l o g i c a l s c i e n t i s t s ............................................ 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 7 .8 1 8 .7 4 8 .0 5 .0 5 .3 5 .9 9 .0 2 0 .0 4 .7 4 4 .2 1 3 .3 1 8 .5 7 .8 2 7 .3 2 0 .7 16 .1 1 5 .4 2 .2 M a th e m a tic ia n s ............................................................... U n c l a s s i f i e d s c i e n t i s t s ..................... ...................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 4 8 .4 3 3 .4 4 .6 1 3 .6 8 .8 1 0 .6 1 0 .3 9 .3 1 9 .0 1 2 .1 9 .0 2 1 .0 NOTE•— Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 33 Table A-10* Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e r s p r im a r ily engaged in — In d u s try S c ie n t is ts and e n g in e e r s , a ll a c tiv itie s R esearch and developm ent Management and a d m in is t r a t io n o f — R esearch and developm ent O ther a c tiv itie s T e c h n ic a l s a le s and s e r v ic e P r o d u c tio n and o p e r a t io n s A ll oth er a c tiv itie s Number A l l I n d u s t r i e s ..................................... 8 5 1 ,6 0 0 2 5 6 ,6 0 0 4 7 ,2 0 0 10 7 ,5 0 0 9 2 ,7 0 0 2 9 1 ,9 0 0 5 5 ,700 M a n u fa ctu rin g ..................... .......................................... 6 1 3 ,6 0 0 2 2 4 ,8 0 0 4 1 ,1 0 0 6 6 ,8 0 0 5 9 ,5 0 0 189,60 0 3 1 ,8 0 0 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s * .................* ...........* Food and k in d re d p r o d u c t s ................................. T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ..................................... .. Lumber and wood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ................................................................ P aper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s * .•••••••*........... C hem icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s * * * * ............. 3 9 ,5 0 0 2 2 ,2 0 0 7 ,0 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 700 1 ,2 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 800 1 ,4 0 0 400 200 1 6 ,4 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 700 1 ,7 0 0 100 1 ,6 0 0 1 1 ,7 0 0 9 5 ,5 0 0 100 2 ,1 0 0 3 4 ,6 0 0 100 700 5 ,1 0 0 400 2 ,0 0 0 7 ,9 0 0 (1 ) 700 1 0 ,9 0 0 900 5 ,8 0 0 2 9 ,2 0 0 100 500 7 ,9 0 0 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m ic a ls .............. * ...................... P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g la s s * D r u g s * * .* .* ........................................................... A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m ic a ls * * * * * * * ................... O ther ch e m ica l p r o d u c t s * * * * * •••••••••• 4 5 ,9 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 2 1 ,6 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 1 7 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,7 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 7 ,3 0 0 700 7 ,9 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 600 1 ,2 0 0 100 1 ,5 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 500 1 ,7 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 900 5 ,6 0 0 100 1 ,4 0 0 1 8 ,1 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 800 4 ,2 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 300 1 ,9 0 0 100 800 P etroleu m r e f i n i n g * * .................* ...........* ........... Rubber and m is c e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s p ro d u c ts * ••*•••....................... .. S to n e , c l a y , and g la s s p ro d u c ts * * ............ * P rim ary m etal i n d u s t r i e s * ••• ••••••..........* 2 0 ,9 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 500 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 8 ,7 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 7 ,7 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 3 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 700 800 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 6 ,1 0 0 700 1 ,1 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 1 5 ,6 0 0 400 300 1 ,5 0 0 B la s t fu rn a c e and b a s i c s t e e l p ro d u c ts O ther p rim ary m etal i n d u s t r i e s ................. 2 0 ,2 0 0 1 1 ,8 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 600 400 3 ,8 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 9 ,7 0 0 5 ,8 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 300 F a b r ic a t e d m etal p r o d u c t s * * ............................ M a ch in e ry , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ....................... .. 2 5 ,1 0 0 6 9 ,2 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 2 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 4 ,6 0 0 9 ,3 0 0 4 ,3 0 0 1 1 ,100 8 ,8 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 E ngines and t u r b in e s * * * * * ............................ O f f i c e , com p u tin g , and a c c o u n tin g m ach in es.............................................................. Farm m achinery and equ ipm en t** * • * .......... O ther m a ch in ery....................................... ••••• 3 ,9 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 300 500 500 1 ,2 0 0 100 1 4 ,4 0 0 7 ,4 0 0 4 3 ,6 0 0 7 ,8 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 9 ,9 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 600 3 ,0 0 0 700 1 ,2 0 0 6 ,8 0 0 900 700 9 ,0 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 12 ,7 0 0 700 400 2 ,3 0 0 E l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and s u p p lie s * * * * * * * 1 2 3 ,2 0 0 5 6 ,1 0 0 8 ,7 0 0 1 1 ,3 0 0 1 5 ,4 0 0 2 6 ,2 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 2 5 ,3 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 55 ,4 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 1 8 ,7 0 0 1 0 ,8 0 0 8 ,9 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 2 9 ,2 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 400 3 ,9 0 0 300 1 ,1 0 0 900 2 ,9 0 0 400 4 ,5 0 0 600 1 ,9 0 0 400 4 ,8 0 0 100 3 ,8 0 0 600 3 ,7 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 1 0 ,4 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 900 100 3 ,5 0 0 200 300 300 5 ,1 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 300 600 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 200 E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipm ent and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a tu s* ••••.•••••••••• H ousehold a p p lia n c e s * ••••••••••••••••• Comm unication equ ipm en t...................* ........... E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w ir in g equipm ent E l e c t r o n i c com ponents and a c c e s s o r i e s * R ad io arid t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s * * * M is c e lla n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and s u p p l i e s * * * * * ....................................... .. See footnote at end of table. 34 Table A-10. Scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 -- Continued S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e r s p r im a r ily eingaged i n - - In d u s try S c i e n t is t s and e n g in e e r s , a ll a c tiv itie s R esearch and developm ent Management and a d m in is t r a tio n o f — R esearch and developm ent Other a c tiv itie s T e c h n ic a l s a le s and s e r v ic e P ro d u c tio n and o p e r a tio n s A ll oth er a c tiv itie s Number T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t...... ............................. 11 0,40 0 5 2 ,2 0 0 8 ,1 0 0 10 ,0 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 3 1 ,6 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 M otor v e h i c l e s and equ ipm ent................ .. A i r c r a f t and p a r t s . ..................... ...................... O ther t r a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t ..••••••• 2 2 ,2 0 0 8 3 ,0 0 0 5 ,1 0 0 7 ,5 0 0 4 3 ,6 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 6 ,4 0 0 300 3 ,5 0 0 5 ,6 0 0 900 1 ,3 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 300 8 ,0 0 0 2 1 ,5 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 500 2 ,1 0 0 400 3 0 ,2 0 0 12 ,1 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 E n g in e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c in s tr u m e n ts. O ther in stru m en ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s . 1 1 ,5 0 0 1 8 ,8 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 700 2 ,7 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 400 900 O ther m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s . ..................... 8 ,3 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 700 1 ,2 0 0 400 3 ,2 0 0 500 N onm an ufacturing. ......................................... . ............. 2 3 8 ,0 0 0 3 1 ,8 0 0 6 ,1 0 0 4 0 ,7 0 0 3 3 ,2 0 0 10 2,30 0 2 3 ,8 0 0 M in in g .......................................................................... .. 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 600 5 ,6 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 2 ,9 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 Crude p e tro le u m and n a tu ra l g a s * ••••••• M etal m i n i n g . . . . . ................................................ C oal m in in g ........................................................ . . Q u arrying and n o n m e t a llic m i n i n g . . . . . . . 1 6 ,4 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 200 200 300 500 100 (1 ) 100 3 ,9 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 300 400 700 100 200 200 8 ,1 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 800 2 ,2 0 0 200 100 100 C o n tr a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . .............................. .. T r a n s p o r ta tio n and p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . • • . . . 4 1 ,0 0 0 4 9 ,2 0 0 300 1 ,9 0 0 300 500 8 ,8 0 0 1 0 ,9 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 1 ,7 0 0 2 9 ,1 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 4 ,3 0 0 R a ilr o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .............................. O ther t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ......................................... C om m unication......................................................... E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n it a r y s e r v i c e s . •• 5 ,3 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 1 3 ,7 0 0 2 6 ,0 0 0 100 300 300 1 ,2 0 0 (1 ) 100 100 300 900 1 ,1 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 100 (1 ) 300 2 ,1 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 1 0 ,0 0 0 13 ,6 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 100 100 2 ,9 0 0 W h olesa le and r e t a i l t r a d e . .............................. F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ............ S e r v i c e s . . . . ....................................................... .. 3 1 ,2 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 8 6 ,5 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 200 2 5 ,4 0 0 300 200 4 ,2 0 0 4 ,9 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 9 ,0 0 0 18 ,0 0 0 500 7 ,6 0 0 4 ,8 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 3 2 ,2 0 0 800 1,1 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 Comm ercial l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and management c o n s u lt in g s e r v i c e s . ............ M e d ica l and d e n ta l l a b o r a t o r i e s .............. .. E n g in e e rin g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s * O ther s e r v i c e s ............................................ 3 4 ,1 0 0 700 4 9 ,8 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 7 ,600 100 7 ,6 0 0 (1 ) 2 ,6 0 0 (1 ) 1 ,6 0 0 (1 ) 3 ,3 0 0 100 5 ,6 0 0 (1 ) 2 ,4 0 0 100 4 ,5 0 0 600 6 ,3 0 0 400 2 4 ,5 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 (1 ) 6 ,0 0 0 200 A g r i c u l t u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s ........................................... ...................... 1 ,0 0 0 (1 ) (1 ) 500 300 200 (I) In stru m en ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s .• 1 / L ess than 50 c a s e s . NOTE.— T o t a ls have been c a l c u l a t e d on the b a s is o f unrounded f i g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e may n o t c o rr e s p o n d e x a c t l y w ith th o se in d ic a t e d by the rounded f i g u r e s shown* 35 Table A-ll. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 S c i e n t i s t s and en g in ee r s p r im a r ily e ngaged in — I n d u s tr y S c ie n t is t s and e n g in e e r s , a ll a c tiv itie s R esearch and developm ent Management and a d m in is t r a t io n o f — R esearch and developm ent O ther a c tiv itie s T e c h n ic a l s a le s and s e r v ic e P r o d u c t io n and o p e r a tio n s A ll oth er a c tiv itie s P e rce n t d i s t r i b u t i o n 1 0 0 .0 3 0 .1 5 .5 1 2 .6 1 0 .9 3 4 .3 6 .5 M a n u fa ctu rin g ................................................................ 1 0 0 .0 3 6 .6 6 .7 1 0 .9 9 .7 3 0 .9 5 .2 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s * ......................... .. Food and k in d re d p r o d u c t s * . . . . . .............. .... T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s * . . . . . . ................... .. Lumber and wood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t fu r n it u r e * ••••••••••••................... P aper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C h em icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ..................... .. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 4 5 .7 2 4 .9 4 1 .5 4 .4 11 .1 9 .8 3 .0 1 8 .6 1 0 .8 3 .6 2 .0 3 .0 4 1 .6 3 6 .0 3 4 .0 1 .7 7 .5 1 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 8 .9 1 7 .6 3 6 .2 7 .1 5 .6 5 .3 2 2 .4 1 7 .3 8 .3 (1 ) 6 .2 1 1 .4 5 7 .5 4 9 .4 3 0 .5 3 .6 4 .0 8 .3 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s .••••••••••••••••. P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s . D ru g s* * * ............................ ............. ...................... A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m ic a ls * .............. ••••••*• O ther ch e m ica l p r o d u c t s .••••••••••••*• 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 3 4 .2 3 6 .8 3 3 .9 2 9 .6 4 4 .9 3 .6 7 .7 5 .8 2 .4 8 .5 6 .5 12 .1 8 .2 2 2 .6 9 .6 6 .0 1 1 .3 2 6 .1 5 .1 8 .1 3 9 .4 2 8 .5 1 7 .1 3 6 .9 2 4 .1 1 0 .3 3 .7 8 .9 3 .4 4 .8 P etroleu m r e f i n i n g * ••••••••••••••..•••*• Rubber and m is c e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s •••••••••....................................... •** S to n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . P rim ary m etal i n d u s t r i e s ..........••••••••••• 1 0 0 .0 1 6 .5 2 .2 1 4 .2 6 .4 4 1 .8 1 8 .8 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 2 7 .3 2 3 .9 16 .2 9 .6 8 .7 3 .3 1 4 .0 1 6 .5 1 8 .9 9 .7 1 1 .7 8 .3 3 4 .6 3 5 .5 4 8 .6 4 .9 3 .7 4 .6 B la s t fu rn a c e and b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c ts O ther prim ary m etal i n d u s t r i e s . ••••••• 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 6 .0 1 6 .7 3 .1 3 .6 1 9 .0 1 8 .8 7 .9 9 .0 4 8 .1 4 9 .5 5 .9 2 .4 F a b r ic a t e d m etal p r o d u c t s . •••••.............. .. M a ch in e ry , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l . . . . . .............. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 18 .1 3 0 .8 6 .7 7 .5 1 8 .5 1 3 .4 1 7 .0 1 6 .0 3 5 .2 2 7 .3 4 .5 4 .9 E ngines and t u r b i n e s * . . . . . ............ •••••* O f f i c e , co m p u tin g , and a c c o u n tin g m a ch in es.............................• • •• ...................... Farm m achinery and e q u i p m e n t . . . . . . . . . * O ther m a c h in e r y .•••••••••••••••.............. 1 0 0 .0 3 2 .9 6 .8 1 4 .1 1 3 .6 3 0 .0 2 .6 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 54 .2 3 2 .5 2 2 .6 9 .5 7 .7 6 .9 5 .1 1 6 .9 1 5 .5 6 .3 9 .6 2 0 .6 1 9 .9 2 8 .3 2 9 .3 4 .9 4 .9 5 .2 E l e c t r i c a l equ ipm ent.an d s u p p l i e s .............. 1 0 0 .0 4 5 .5 7 .1 9 .2 1 2 .5 2 1 .3 4 .5 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 3 5 .3 3 8 .8 5 2 .7 3 0 .8 3 5 .7 6 3 .4 7 .2 9 .8 7 .0 7 .8 6 .1 8 .3 1 1 .4 1 1 .5 8 .1 1 4 .5 1 0 .2 3 .9 1 9 .1 1 .8 6 .9 1 3 .8 1 9 .8 12 .2 2 3 .6 3 5 .0 1 8 .9 2 8 .9 2 6 .6 9 .3 3 .4 3 .1 6 .4 4 .1 1 .6 2 .8 1 0 0 .0 3 3 .6 5 .4 1 1 .2 2 0 .1 2 5 .5 4 .3 A l l i n d u s t r i e s * •••••.................. . . . E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipm ent and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a tu s* ....................... •••• H ou sehold a p p l i a n c e s ........................ •••••• Com m unication e q u ip m e n t.•••••••••••••• E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w ir in g equipm ent E l e c t r o n i c com ponents and a c c e s s o r i e s . R ad io and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s . . * M is c e lla n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipm ent and s u p p l i e s * ................................................... See footnote at end of table 36 Table A-ll. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 — Continued S c i e n t i s t s and en g in e e r s p r im a r ily engaged i n - S c ie n t is t s and e n g in e e r s , a ll a c tiv itie s I n d u s tr y R esearch and developm ent Management and a d m in is t r a tio n o f — R esearch and developm ent O ther a c tiv itie s T e c h n ic a l s a le s and s e r v ic e P r o d u c t io n and o p e r a t io n s A ll oth er a c tiv itie s P ercen t d i s t r i b u t i o n T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t.•.••••••••••••• 1 0 0 .0 4 7 .3 7 .3 9 .1 5 .0 2 8 .6 2 .7 M otor v e h i c l e s and e q u ip m e n t.................... A i r c r a f t and p a r t s . .................................... .... O ther t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t.. . . . . . . 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 3 3 .6 5 2 .5 2 1 .3 6 .5 7 .7 5 .7 1 5 .9 6 .7 17 .2 5 .7 4 .7 6 .3 3 6 .0 2 5 .9 4 1 .3 2 .3 2 .5 8 .2 In stru m en ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ................. 1 0 0 .0 4 0 .0 9 .8 8 .1 1 1 .2 2 6 .6 4 .4 E n g in e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c in stru m en ts O ther in s tr u m e n ts.a n d r e l a t e d p ro d u c ts 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 4 5 .1 3 6 .8 1 2 .1 8 .4 8 .9 7 .6 6 .4 14 .1 2 4 .3 2 8 .0 3 .3 5 .0 O ther m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s . ••••••••• 1 0 0 .0 2 8 .2 8 .2 1 3 .9 5 .1 3 8 .5 6 .1 N onm an ufacturing. ••••••................................•••• 1 0 0 .0 1 3 .4 2 .6 17 .1 1 3 .9 4 3 .0 1 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 6 .6 2 .6 2 2 .9 4 .8 5 2 .5 1 0 .6 Crude p e tro le u m and n a tu ra l g a s ............ .. M etal m in in g ........................................................ C oal m in in g ......................................................... .. Q u arry in g and n o n m e t a llie m in in g ............ 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 6 .0 6 .9 5 .3 1 4 .0 2 .8 2 .6 (1 ) 4 .5 2 4 .0 2 8 .9 1 0 .7 2 2 .6 4 .4 2 .6 5 .7 1 0 .5 4 9 .6 5 2 .1 7 3 .4 4 3 .8 13.2 6 .9 4 .1 4 .6 C o n tr a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . .............. ................. .. T r a n s p o r ta tio n and p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s .......... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 .8 3 .8 .7 1 .0 2 1 .4 2 2 .1 7 .4 5 .2 5 3 .0 5 9 .1 1 6 .7 8 .7 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 .9 7 .1 2 .2 4 .5 (1 ) 1 .2 .7 1 .2 1 7 .9 2 5 .4 2 1 .5 2 2 .8 2 .1 (1 ) 2 .4 8 .1 5 5 .6 6 2 .4 7 2 .5 5 2 .2 2 1 .6 3 .5 .7 1 1 .3 W h o le sa le and r e t a i l t r a d e . ............................ F in a n ce , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . . . . . S e r v i c e s . ................................................................ .... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 7 .8 3 .7 2 9 .3 1 .0 5 .0 4 .8 1 5 .6 2 4 .4 1 0 .3 5 7 .7 1 1 .8 8 .8 1 5 .4 31 .1 3 7 .2 2 .5 2 3 .9 9 .5 Comm ercial l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and management c o n s u lt in g s e r v i c e s . ••••• M e d ica l and d e n ta l l a b o r a t o r i e s . •••••• E n g in e e r in g and a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s O ther s e r v i c e s . . . . . . ....................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 5 1 .7 12 .2 1 5 .3 (1 ) 7 .5 (1 ) 3 .2 (1 ) 9 .6 8 .5 11 .2 (1 ) 7 .1 1 7 .4 8 .9 3 4 .5 1 8 .3 5 9 .8 4 9 .2 5 3 .5 5 .8 (1 ) 12 .1 9 .6 A g r i c u l t u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s . . ........................................................ .. 1 0 0 .0 (1 ) (1 ) 5 0 .2 2 6 .4 1 8 .8 (1 ) M in in g ............................ ............................... .. R a ilr o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ............................... O ther t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ................................. .. C om m unication............ .......................................... E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n it a r y s e r v i c e s . • \f Less than 50 c a s e s ; p e rc e n ta g e n ot com puted. NOTE••-Percents have been c a l c u l a t e d on th e b a s is o f unrounded f i g u r e s and t h e r e fo r e may n o t c o rr e s p o n d e x a c t l y w ith th o s e in d ic a t e d by th e rounded f i g u r e s shown. 37 Table A-12. Scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962 Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in— * Size of establishment Scientists and engineers, all activities Research and development Management and administration of— Research and development Other activities Technical sales and service Production and operations All other activities Number Total......................... Under 100 employees...................... 100-499 employees....................... 500-999 employees....................... 1,000 employees or more................ . 851,600 256,600 47,200 107,500 92,700 291,900 55,700 152,700 160,500 81,900 456,500 21,300 38,400 24,500 172,400 7,700 8,500 5,800 25,300 30,500 21,600 10,000 45,300 22,000 25,200 11,200 34,300 58,800 58,100 24,800 150,200 12,400 8,600 5,600 29,100 NOTE.— Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown* 38 Table A-13. Percent distribution of scientists and engineers, by function and size of establishment, January 1962 Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in-Size of establishment Scientists and engineers, all activities Research and development Management and administration of-Research and development Other activities Technical sales and service Production and operations All other activities Percent distribution Total......................... Under 100 employees..................... 100-499 employees....................... 500-999 employees....................... 1,000 employees or more........... ...... 100.0 30.1 5.5 12.6 10.9 34.3 6.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.9 23.9 29.9 37.8 5.1 5.3 7.1 5.5 20.0 13.5 12.2 9.9 14.4 15.7 13.6 7.5 38.5 36.2 30.3 32.9 8.1 5.4 6.8 6.4 NOTE.— Percent* have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown* 39 Table A-14. Scientists and engineers pr imarily engaged in research and d e v e l o p m e n t , ^ by oc cupational group and industry, January Industry All industries.............. Manufacturing................. . R&D R&D scien tists Engi neers and engine era' 1962 R&D scientists Chemists Geolo Physi Metal- gists and Mathe cists lurgis t s geophysi m a ticians cists Agricul Biolog Unclas Medical tural sified ical scien scien scien scien tists tists tists tists 303,800 220,900 45,500 11,800 5,000 1,200 7,800 1,800 2,100 5,500 2,400 265,900 193,800 40,500 9,700 4,500 400 6,100 1,100 1,600 2,000 2,300 Ordnance and accessories............. Food and kindred products.... ....... Textile mill products................ Lumber and wood products, except f urniture..... .......... .......... Paper and allied products............ Chemicals and allied products........ 19,800 8,000 3,600 17,600 2,000 1,600 500 3,100 2,000 900 (2) (2) 300 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 500 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1,000 (2) 100 300 (2) (2) 1,500 (2) 300 2,700 39,700 200 1,000 10,100 (2) 1,600 20,900 (2) (2) 1,100 (2) (2) 400 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 400 (2) (2) 1,500 (2) (2) 800 (2) (2) 4,200 (2) (2) 200 Industrial chemicals............... Plastics and synthetics, except glass Drugs................................ Agricultural chemicals............. Other chemical products............ 17,400 3,700 8,600 700 9,400 6,700 1,400 300 (2) 1,800 8,600 2,100 3,300 200 6,600 1,000 100 (2) (2) 100 300 (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 200 (2) 100 (2) 100 (2) (2) 1,500 (2) (2) 100 (2) 300 400 (2) 400 (2) 3,100 100 700 3,900 1,900 1,600 100 (2) 200 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) 2,800 3,000 6,200 1,700 2,000 3,200 1,100 700 1,200 100 200 200 (2) (2) 1,500 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Blast furnace and basic steel products.......................... Other primary metal industries.... 3,900 2,400 1,800 1,400 700 500 100 (2) 1,100 400 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Fabricated metal products............ Machinery, except electrical.... . 6,200 26,600 5,400 23,300 400 900 100 600 200 400 (2) 100 1,200 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 Engines and turbines............... Office, computing, and accounting machines.......................... Farm machinery and equipment....... Other machinery.................... 1,500 1,400 100 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 9,200 3,000 12,800 7,300 2,800 11,800 300 (2) 500 400 200 100 (2) 200 (2) (2) (2) 1,000 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Electrical equipment and supplies.... 64,800 56,700 2,300 3,500 500 (2) 1,400 (2) (2) (2) 300 10,800 1,800 33,100 9,600 1,700 29,600 500 100 400 400 (2) 1,800 200 (2) 100 (2) (2) 100 (2) 900 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 200 1,600 7,800 7,800 1,400 5,800 6,900 100 800 200 100 700 500 (2) 100 (2) C2) (2) (2) (2) 300 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 2,000 | 1,700 200 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Petroleum refining..... .............. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.................... Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries.......... Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus............. Household appliances............... Communication equipment............ Electric lighting and wiring equipment..................... . Electronic components and accessories. Radio and television receiving sets Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies.......... ........... (2) See footnotes at end of table. 40 (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 loo (2) (2) 100 (2) Tab l e A-14. Scientists and en g i n e e r s pri m a r i l y e n g a g e d in research and development. J a n u a r y 1962 -- C o n t i n u e d R&D scientists R&D scien tists and engineers R&D engi neers Transportation equipment............ 60,300 53,300 1,800 1,700 1,100 Motor vehicles and equipment.... Aircraft and parts.... .......... Other transportation equipment... 8,900 50,000 1,400 8,000 44,100 1,200 400 1,400 100 200 1,500 (2) Instruments and related products.... 15,100 11,900 1,400 6,600 8,500 5,800 6,200 Other manufacturing industries....... 3,000 >nmanufacturing......................... Industry =/ b y o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p a n d i n d u s t r y , Chemists Physi cists Geolo Metal gists and Mathe lurgists geophysi ma cists ticians Agricul Medical tural scien scien tists tists Biolog Unclas ical sified scien scien tists tists (2) 2,000 (2) (2) 200 200 200 900 (2) (2) (2) (21 200 1,800 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 200 (2) (2) 200 (2) 1,200 100 (2) 300 (2) (2) 100 (2) 300 1,200 200 1,000 100 (2) (2) (2) 200 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) 1,900 900 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 38,000 27,100 5,000 2,100 500 800 1,700 100 100 500 100 2,300 1,300 200 (2) 100 500 (2) (2) (2) 200 (2) Crude petroleum and natural gas.... Metal mining......................... Coal mining................ ........ Quarrying and nonmetallic mining... 1,400 300 200 300 800 200 100 200 (2) (2) 100 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) 400 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 200 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Contract construction.............. . Transportation and public utilities.. 600 2,400 60C 2,100 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 400 400 1,500 100 300 400 1,300 (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Wholesale and retail trade........... Finance, insurance,and real estate... 2,800 400 1,500 200 1,300 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 200 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services................. ....... ...... 29,500 21,500 3,400 2,100 400 300 1,400 100 (2) 300 100 20,200 100 13,700 (2) 3,000 100 1,400 (2) 300 (2) 200 (2) 1,100 (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) 200 (2) 100 (2) 9,200 (2) 7,700 (2) 300 (2) 600 (2) 100 (2) 100 (2) 300 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Engineering and scientific instrunents Other instruments and related products Mining.................... ....... . Railroad transportation...... . Other transportation........... . Communication....................... Electric, gas, and sanitary services Commercial laboratories! business and management consulting services. Medical and dental laboratories.... Engineering and architectural services.......................... Other services......... ............. Agricultural services, forestry,and fisheries. ............... ........... 1/ C o n d u c t i n g 2/ Less than or administering research N O T E . - - T o t a l s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d on the b a s i s of u n r o u n d e d f i g u r e s and t h e r e f o r e m a y n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w i t h t h o s e i n d i c a t e d b y the r o u n d e d f i g u r e s shown. a nd d e v e l o p m e n t . 50 cases. 41 Table A-15. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and de ve l o p m e n t , —/ as percent of scientists and engineeers in all activities, by occupa ti on al group and industry, January 1962 Industry Scien tists Engi neers and engineers Physi Metal Chemists cists lurgists Geolo gists and Mathe geophysi ma ticians cists Agricul Biolog Unclas sified Medical tural ical scien scien scien scien tists tists tists tists 35.7 32.3 55.7 84.7 40.5 9.1 52.9 22.8 24.0 53.9 47.0 Manufacturing............... ............ 43.3 40.4 58.5 84.6 40.7 9.8 63.2 22.5 26.5 59.4 47.9 Ordnance and accessories............. Food and kindred products............ textile mill products................ Lumber and wood products, except furniture...................... . Paper and allied products..... ...... Chemicals and allied products........ 50.1 36.0 51.3 47.8 19.0 37.7 85.9 58.1 71.1 94.4 (2) (2) 93.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 82.7 76.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 23.9 (2) 100.0 61.3 (2) (2) 99.7 (2) 16.0 23.2 41.5 24.6 12.4 25.8 (2) 51.7 58.4 (2) (2) 71.5 (2) (2) 67.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 45.2 (2) (2) 21.7 (2) (2) 43.5 (2) (2) 58.4 (2) (2) 16.5 Industrial chemicals............... Plastics and synthetics, except glass Drugs ................................ Agricultural chemicals......... Other chemical products............ 37.8 44.5 39.7 32.0 53.4 25.4 30.7 17.2 U) 27.4 55.1 61.6 54.3 21.0 69.9 70.5 86.3 (2) (2) 66.2 76.3 (2) (2) (2) 43.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 43.6 (2) 49.5 (2) 48.7 (2) (2) 21.5 (2) (2) 23.3 (2) 37.1 68.1 (2) 52.5 (2) 54.6 100,0 96.6 14.8 58.5 (2) (2) 21.6 Petroleum refining.................... Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products............. ......... . Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries.... ........ 18.7 13.5 45.9 75.0 (2) 7.0 38.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) 36.9 32.6 19.5 28.9 26.8 14.1 60.1 56.2 43.5 97.1 96.5 88.5 (2) (2) 25.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 32.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Blast furnace and basic steel products Other primary metal industries.... 19.1 20.3 12.8 16.5 43.4 43.5 85.6 (2) 29.4 20.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Fabricated metal products............ Machinery, except electrical......... 24.8 38.3 23.9 36.4 30.1 69.8 85.3 74.6 31.4 38.7 (2) (2) 41.0 67.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 34.1 Engines and turbines........... . Office, computing,and accounting machines.......................... Farm machinery and equipment...... Other machinery..................... 39.7 38.7 70.5 (2) 63.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 63.8 40.2 29.5 62.0 40.3 28.3 78.8 (2) 67.3 69.1 (2) 83.7 71.0 (2) 30.8 (2) (2) (2) 72.8 (2) 54.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Electrical equipment and supplies.... 52.6 50.6 70.6 88.7 74.1 (2) 56.3 (2) (2) (2) 47.5 42.6 48.6 59.7 38.6 41.8 71.7 40.3 47.9 58.7 36.8 36.6 70.0 85.6 49.6 65.3 63.4 72.0 80.6 88.3 (2) 92.7 90.6 78.2 95.8 84.7 (2) 68.8 (2) 74.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 42.6 (2) 55.3 (2) 61.9 73.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 42.7 (2) (2) (2) 39.0 36.9 54.3 64.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) All industries............ Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus............. Household appliances............... Communication equipment.......... . Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electronic components and accessories Radio and television receiving sets Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies...................... See footnotes at end of table. 42 Table A-15. Scientists and engineers prim ar il y en ga ge d in research and de ve lo pm en t,—' as percent of scientists and engineers in all activities, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 -- Co nt in ue d Industry Scien tists and engineers Engi Chemists neers Geolo Agricul Biolog Unclas Physi Metal sified Mathe- Medical tural ical gists and cists lurgists ma geophysi scien scien scien scien tists ticians cists tists tists tists 54.6 53.2 73.2 88.1 58.6 (2) 74.6 (2) (2) 91.3 17.5 Motor vehicles and equipment..... Aircraft and parts................ Other transportation equipment.... 40.1 60.2 27.0 38.4 59.2 24.7 72.7 73.8 65.6 100.0 87.9" (2) 42.1 63.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 68.2 74.9 88.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 91.2 (2) (2) 16.3 (2) Instruments and related products.... 49.8 46.7 70.1 84.0 62.1 (2) 80.8 (2) (2) 53.7 (2) 57.2 56.5 88.0 87.9 68.5 (2) 96.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) 45.3 40.2 67.1 83.0 (2) (2) 63.3 (2) (2) 53.7 (2) 36.4 29.5 62.5 91.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 15.9 13.3 40.2 84.9 39.6 8.7 33.1 27.3 7.7 28.4 33.8 Mining.... ........................... 9.2 8.1 21.9 (2) 22.8 6.6 (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2) Crude petroleum and natural gas... Metal mining....................... Coal mining. ................... . Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.. 8.8 9.4 6.0 18.5 8.5 7.1 4.0 14.2 (2) (2) 29.6 34.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 19.9 (2) (2) 6.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 100.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Contract construction............... Transportation and public utilities. 1.5 4.8 1.4 4.5 (2) 23.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 17.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Railroad transportation........... Other transportation.............. Communication...................... Electric, gas, and sanitary services 2.7 8.3 2.8 5.7 1.8 7.6 2.7 5.4 (2) (2) (2) 22.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Wholesale and retail trade........... Finance, insurance,and real estate... Services.............................. 8.8 8.8 34.1 6.2 7.0 29.1 20.0 (2) 74.0 (2) (2) 92.4 (2) (2) 72.7 (2) (2) 24.3 (2) 11.8 71.8 (2) (2) 30.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 19.2 (2) (2) 71.1 59.2 14.1 53.2 (2) 78.6 28.9 91.2 (2) 94.7 (2) 61.5 (2) 73.5 (2) 32.5 (2) (2) (2) 70.6 (2) 68.8 (2) 18.5 (2) 16.5 (2) 67.5 (2) 95.3 (2) 41.0 (2) 7.2 (2) 67.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 38.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Transportation equipment.... ........ Engineering and scientific instruments...................... Other instruments and related products......................... Other manufacturing industries..... Nonmanufacturing.................. . Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services Medical and dental laboratories.... Engineering and architectural services.......................... Other services........... .......... Agricultural services, forestry, and and fisheries....................... j J Conducting or administering research and development. 2j NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. 43 Table A.16* Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research and development*1/ Industry R&D scientists and engi neers in all establish ments by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 R&D scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of— Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 *r more Number All industries................................... 303,800 29,000 46,900 30,300 197,600 Manufacturing.................................................... 265,900 17,400 36,900 26,300 185,300 Ordnance and accessories*••••.•••••••••••••••••..... ............ * Food and kindred products.*.......... ........................... Textile mill products.................................... ...... Lumber and wood products, except furniture**...................... Paper and allied products*•• ••••••••................. .......... .. Chemicals and allied products***................................. 19,800 8,000 3,600 300 2,700 39,700 (2) 900 100 100 300 4,100 200 2,100 3,000 100 1,300 9,100 1,000 3,500 100 100 300 3,500 18,600 1,500 400 (2) 900 23,000 Industrial chemicals**................. ..................... .. Plastics and synthetics, except glass**.*.*......... .......... . Drugs........... ...... •••••....... *.... ....... ............ . Other chemical products 3/.................................... 17,400 3,700 8,600 10,100 500 400 500 2,800 1,900 1,200 2,000 4,100 1,000 500 900 1,100 14,000 1,600 5,300 2,100 Petroleum refining...... *..... ................. *.............. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products*............ ........... Stone, clay, and glass products******••••••••••••••••••••*••••••••••• Primary metal industries.............. ••••••••.................. 3,900 2,800 3,000 6,200 (2) 100 400 400 1,000 500 800 2,000 600 800 600 800 2,300 1,500 1,200 3,100 Blast furnace and basic steel products**..••••••••••............. Other primary metal industries.....*........... ............... 3,900 2,400 200 200 1,100 900 200 600 2,400 700 Fabricated metal products*•••••••••••••••....... •••••••.... ..... . Machinery, except electrical*.................. ................. 6,200 26,600 1,700 2,700 1,700 4,800 900 4,000 1,900 15,000 Engines and turbines***..•••.•••••••••••••••..... .............. Office, computing, and accounting machines*................ Farm machinery and equipment*........ ..... ....... .......... Other machinery.................... ••••••...... ........... . 1,500 9,200 3,000 12,800 100 100 600 2,000 (2) 800 400 3,600 100 1,500 200 2,200 1,300 6,900 1,800 5,100 Electrical equipment and supplies*.................. ............ 64,800 4,500 5,900 6,200 48,200 10,800 1,800 33,100 1,600 7,800 7,800 2,000 1,300 100 700 300 1,900 200 100 1,700 100 2,300 300 800 400 400 2,200 100 2,100 400 900 300 200 5,500 1,500 28,000 700 4,200 6,900 1,300 Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus*******.*** Household appliances*••••.......... *........ ....... ........... Communication,equipment.................... ................... Electric lighting and wiring equipment.... *........ ........... Electronic components and accessories*****....•••.... •••••••••••• Radio and television receiving sets*...... *.................... Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies*......... . See footnotes at end of table* 44 Table A-16. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ^ 1/ R&D scientists and engi neers in all establish ments Industry by size of es ta bl is hm en t and industry, January 1962 -- Continued R&D scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of— Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more Number 60,300 600 1,300 2,500 56,000 Motor vehicles and equipment.•••••........... ........... Aircraft and parts............................................ Other transportation equipment................................. 8,900 50,000 1,400 100 400 100 600 500 100 400 2,100 100 7,800 47,000 1,100 Instruments and related products.•••••••........... ........ ...... 15,100 1,200 2,400 1,200 10,300 Engineering and scientific instruments........ ................. Other instruments and related products.••••••••................. 6,600 8,400 300 900 700 1,700 200 900 5,400 4,900 Other manufacturing industries.................................. 3,000 300 800 500 1,400 Nonmanufacturing...... ............. ••••••.... ....... ........... 38,000 11,600 10,000 4,000 12,300 Mining........ ................................................ 2,300 800 600 300 600 Crude petroleum and natural gas....•••••••.................... . Metal mining.......•••••••.................................... Coal mining...••••••••••••••••• ••••••........... . Quarrying and nonmetal lie mining. ....... ....................... 1,400 300 200 300 700 (2) (2) (2) 300 100 100 100 100 (2) (2) 200 300 100 100 (2) Contract construction............................. ....... ....... Transportation and public utilities......... ..................... 600 2,400 200 100 200 400 100 500 200 1,300 Railroad transportation.....••••••••••••••••..... •••••••••••••••• Other transportation.•••••••••............. ••••••..... ..... •••• Communication............. •••••••••...... •••.•••••••••••.... . Electric, gas, and sanitary services................ .......... 100 400 400 1,500 (2) (2) 100 (2) (2) (2) 300 100 (2) 100 (2) 400 100 200 (2) 900 Wholesale and retail trade.•• •••••• ........ ••••••••••..... ••••••••• Finance, insurance, and real estate.•••••••••••••••••.....•••••••••• Services..... ................................................. 2,800 400 29,500 600 (2) 10,000 1,700 (2) 7,100 (2) 200 2,900 400 200 9,600 Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services............................ ....................... Other services 2/....,................................. ..... . 20,200 9,300 5,800 4,200 5,500 1,600 2,500 300 6,400 3,200 Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries..................... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1/ Conducting or administering research and development. NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. Transportation equipment.••»••••••••............. ...... .......... 2 J Less than 50 cases. 3/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined as follows: Other chemical products— agricultural chemicals. Other services— medical and dental laboratories, engineering and architectural services. 45 Table A-17. Scientists an d en gi ne er s p r i m a r i l y en ga ge d in re se ar ch and de ve l o p m e n t , ^ / activities, by size of establishment and industry, as percent of J a n u a r y 1962 scientists and engineers in all Establishments with total employment of -Industry All establishments Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more All industries............................. 35.7 19.0 29.2 37.0 43.3 Manufacturing* *....*.................... ...... *.... *.... .... 43.3 30.3 35.6 43.2 47.3 Ordnance and accessories.................................... Food and kindred products*•• •••••• ..........*.........*...... * Textile mill products*•................ •••••••...... *....... * Lumber and wood products, except furniture......... *......... Paper and allied products*••••....*....................... . Chemicals and allied products*••*• ••••••«•••................. * 50*1 36.0 51.3 16*0 23.2 41*5 (2) 18*5 66.7 66.7 10.7 46.1 58.0 24.5 57.7 5.7 39.1 41.4 45.6 88.3 27.4 19.0 14.3 44.3 50.3 30.8 30.6 (2) 22.5 40.5 Industrial chemicals*............ *........................ Plastics and synthetics, except glass....... ............... Drugs*.............................. ..................... Other chemical products.2/*....*................... ....... 37.8 44*5 39.7 51*0 31.4 39.8 23.7 62*1 34.8 51.0 32.3 49.6 36.6 33.0 50.5 57.4 38.6 46.4 44.5 41.1 Petroleum refining*•*••••*..... *.......... ............. . Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products******••*••••••........ Stone, clay, and glass products**....................... ..... Primary metal industries....*.........••••••........ ......... 18.7 36.9 32.6 19.5 (2) 14.3 27.3 14.5 35.6 31.5 25.4 33.7 29.9 43.5 45.0 26.5 14.6 39.0 37.0 15.1 Blast furnace and basic steel products**********............ * Other primary metal industries*••••••••••••••.....•••••••••••• 19.1 20*3 17.6 12.5 38.2 29.6 17.9 33.3 15.8 13.2 Fabricated metal products*........ *............ *........... Machinery, except electrical*........... •«••••....... *...... * 24*8 38.3 26.8 20.3 22.8 32.4 21.6 39.4 27.2 48.6 Engines and turbines*....................... *............. Office, computing, and accounting machines*•• ••••••••..... . Farm machinery and equipment* ........ ...................... Other machinery*••••••••............ •**......... ••••*..... 39.7 63*8 40.2 29.5 53.8 22.5 22.2 19.2 (2) 72.5 34*8 28.7 15*7 81.2 43.2 30.3 43.1 61.0 57.4 37.5 Electrical equipment and supplies*........................... 52.6 47.2 42.0 49.6 55.3 42.6 48*6 59.7 38.6 41*8 71.7 39.0 34.4 28.7 60*4 40.5 61.1 64.6 24.4 42.2 26.4 64.5 25.7 29.7 25.6 41.5 44.5 55.9 64.0 38.7 40.1 69.8 59.1 44.5 50.5 59.0 46.7 39.8 80.4 37.7 Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus******* Household appliances..... .*•............................. * Communication equipment.................................... Electric lighting and wiring equipment*****••••••••••*•..... Electronic components and accessories*******...... Radio and television receiving sets******............ *...... Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies**............ See footnotes at end of table* 46 T a bl e A-17. Scientists and e n g i n e e r s p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t ; 1/ as percent of scientists acti vi ti es , b y size of es ta b l i s h m e n t and industry, Ja n u a r y 1962 •- C o n t i n u e d and engineers in all Establishments with total employment of — Industry All establishments Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more 54.6 30.0 24.1 41*8 57.5 Motor vehicles and equipment*****.**.......................... Aircraft and parts.......................................... Other transportation equipment*••••*••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••• 40*1 60.2 27.0 35.8 29.2 26.5 60.3 14.1 25.0 32.3 45*6 20*4 39.6 64.0 27.7 Instruments and related products...... ................. ....... 49.8 44.2 42.5 45.1 53.3 Engineering and scientific instruments**•••••*•••••••••••••....* Other instruments and related products***.*...... •••••••..... . 57.2 45.3 54.3 41.5 44.3 41.8 53.0 43.6 59.7 47.7 Other manufacturing industries*••••••..... ••••••••••••.........* 36*4 16.9 32.1 39.0 51*6 Nonmanufacturing**... ........ *.... ...... •••••••••..... ••••••••••• 15.9 12*2 17.6 19.1 19.0 Mining...... •••........••••••••••...... ............ *...... . 9.2 8.3 7.8 11.4 11.7 8*8 9.4 6.0 18.5 10*4 (2) (2) (2) 5.7 13.2 10*8 13.5 3.7 (2) (2) 35.5 13.6 9.7 10.6 (2) Contract construction*••••••*••••••••••.......... .............. Transportation and public utilities*•••••.....••••.............. 1.5 4.8 .7 1.2 1.9 6.4 2.7 12.2 3.9 4.1 Railroad transportation.*.... ..................... ......... Other transportation*........... ...... ....... ............. . Communication* .............................................. Electric, gas, and sanitary services*.................. •••••••• 2.7 8*3 2.8 5.7 (2) (2) 1.9 (2) (2) (2) 14.8 5.4 (2) 17.1 (2) 13.9 2.9 18.0 (2) 5.0 Wholesale and retail trade*..........••••••••••••••••........... Finance, insurance, and real estate*******........... .......... * Services******........................ ••••••................. . 8.8 8*8 34.1 6.3 (2) 21.3 14.5 (2) 34.8 (2) 19.1 61.4 8.2 8.7 65.9 Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services* ........... *........ *................ •••••••••••• Other services . . . 59.2 17.8 43.9 12.5 63.8 13.6 77.4 24.7 70.5 58.3 Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries**........ *..... .. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Transportation equipment*............................... Crude petroleum and natural gas**•••••••• •••••••••••••••...... * Metal mining*******..**........ ............... ............. Coal mining***................ ...... ...... ......... ....... * Quarrying and nonmetallic mining**............ ............ . 2/.............. ....... ................................. \ / Conducting or administering research and development* 7/ Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. J3/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined as follows: ~ Other chemical products— agricultural chemicals* Other services— medical and dental laboratories, engineering and architectural services* 47 NOTE•--Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown* Table A-18. Scientists and engineers primarily engaged in research occupational group, Occupational group R&D scientists and engineers in all establish ments a n d development**^' January 1962 by size of establishment and R&D scientists and engineers in establishments with total employment of-Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more Number All groups........................ 303,800 29,000 46,900 30,300 197,600 Engineers..................................... Physical scientists............................ 220,900 63,500 18,800 8,100 28,600 14,800 21,100 6,200 152,500 34,400 Chemists.................................... Physicists................................... Metallurgists................................ Geologists and geophysicists.................. 45,500 11,800 5,000 1,200 6,100 1,100 400 400 12,600 1,300 500 300 4,900 900 400 100 21,800 8,600 3,600 400 Life scientists........................*....... 9,300 1,500 2,800 700 4,300 Medical scientists........................... Agricultural scientists....................... Biological scientists........................ 1,800 2,100 5,500 200 700 700 600 900 1,300 100 100 500 900 400 3,000 Mathematicians................................. Unclassified scientists........................ 7,800 2,400 500 (2) 700 100 700 1,500 5,800 700 1/ Conducting or administering research and development. NOTE.-^Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 2/ Less than 50 cases. 48 - Table A-19. Scientists and engineers in engineers all primarily activities, by engaged in size establishment Occupational group of research R&D scientists and engineers as percent, in all establishments and development^/ and occupational as percent group, of January scientists R&D scientists and engineers as percent, in establishments with total employment of-Under 100 100-499 500-999 1,000 or more All groups........................ 35.7 19.0 29.2 37.0 43.3 Engineers.................................... Physical scientists........................... 32.3 52.5 14.8 43.7 24.5 45.6 32.4 53.7 40.6 59.0 Chemists................................... Physicis ts................................. Metallurgists............................... Geologists and geophysicists................. 55.7 84.7 40.5 9.1 56.2 83.8 22.8 9.6 48.6 92.3 29.5 9.6 58.8 75.1 40.6 7.7 60.0 84.8 47.4 8.4 Life scientists............................... 35.1 29.4 28.6 58.8 41.1 Medical scientists.......................... Agricultural scientists...................... Biological scientists....................... 22.8 24.0 53.9 17.4 26.0 42.2 25.1 22.7 37.9 64.9 22.0 77.6 20.6 24.4 66.7 Mathematicians................................ Unclassified scientists....................... 52.9 47.0 41.1 (2) 53.2 28.2 •35.0 78.8 58.3 27.0 1/ Conducting or administering research and development. ^ NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 2/ Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. and 1962 49 Table A-20. Engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 Engineers primarily engaged in— Engineers, all activities Industry Research and development Management ; and administra ition of— Research Other activities and development Technical Production sales and and operations service All other activities All industries.............. ....... 684,600 186,200 34,800 92,800 74,900 252,900 43,100 Manufacturing.................................... 480,300 163,800 30,000 56,300 47,400 159,900 22,800 Ordnance and accessories...................... Food and kindred products..................... Textile mill products......... ................ Lumber and wood products,except furniture.... Paper and allied products..................... Chemicals and allied products................ 36,900 10,400 4,100 900 7,900 39,200 16,100 1,200 1,200 100 800 8,800 1,500 800 400 100 200 1,300 1,100 2,900 600 100 1,500 4,200 1,400 (1) 100 (1) 500 2,200 16,200 5,000 1,800 600 4,600 18,400 600 400 100 (1) 300 4,300 Industrial chemicals........ ................ Plastics and synthetics, except glass..... Drugs...... ................................. Agricultural chemicals............ ......... Other chemical products.................. . 26,200 4,400 1,600 500 6,400 6,000 1,100 200 (1) 1,500 600 300 (1) (1) 300 2,100 600 300 100 1,000 1,200 500 (1) (1) 400 12,900 1,700 800 300 2,700 3,400 200 200 (1) 500 Petroleum refining.................... ........ Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products... Stone; clay, and glass products••••••...... . Primary metal industries..................... . 14,100 5,800 7,500 22,700 1,700 1,200 1,400 2,600 200 400 600 600 2,500 1,000 1,300 4,600 1,000 700 1,000 2,100 6,700 2,200 2,900 11,600 1,900 300 300 1,200 Blast furnace and basic steel products.... Other primary metal industries............. 14,400 8,300 1,500 1,100 300 200 3,100 1,600 1,300 800 7,300 4,300 900 200 Fabricated metal products........ ............. Machinery, except electrical................. 22,700 64,000 3,900 18,600 1,500 4,700 4 ,400 8,900 4,100 10,800 7,700 17,800 1,100 3,100 Engines and turbines........................ Office, computing, and accounting machines. Farm machinery and equipment..... .......... Other machinery.............................. 3,600 11,800 7,100 41,500 1,200 6,200 2,300 8,90,0 200 1,100 500 2,800 500 600 1,200 6,500 500 800 700 8,800 1,000 2,600 2,000 12,200 100 500 400 2,200 Electrical equipment and supplies............ 112,000 49,200 7,500 10,600 14,700 25,000 5,000 23,800 3,500 50,500 3,900 16,000 9,900 7,900 1,300 26,300 1,100 5,000 6,100 1,600 300 3,300 300 900 800 2,800 400 4,100 600 400 4,800 100 3,500 600 3,400 1,300 5,800 1,200 10,100 1,100 4,700 1,000 800 100 3,200 200 300 300 4,500 1,400 200 500 1,000 1,200 200 Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus..... ................. Household appliances........................ Communication equipment..•••••••••........ Electric lighting and wiring equipment..... Radio and television receiving sets........ Miscellaneous electrical equipment and ••• supplies............. ......... ........... See footnote at end of table. 50 i,aoo Table A-20. Engineers, by function and industry, January 1962 -- Continued Engineers primarily engaged in— Industry Engineers all activities Research and development Management and administration of— Other Research activities and development Technical Production and sale s and operations service All other activitie s Transportation equipment.................. 100,100 46,000 7,200 9,400 5,300 29,500 2,600 Motor vehicles and equipment............ Aircraft and parts....................... Other transportation equipment.......... 20,800 74,400 4,900 6,800 38,300 900 1,200 5,700 300 3,400 5,200 900 1,200 3,700 300 7,700 19,700 2,100 500 1,800 400 Instruments and related products.......... 25,500 9,600 2,300 2,100 3,200 7,300 1,100 Engineering and scientific instruments.. Other instruments and related products.. 10,200 15,300 4,500 5,100 1,300 1,100 800 1,300 700 2,500 2,600 4,700 400 700 6,600 1,400 500 1,100 300 2,700 500 204,300 22,400 4,700 36,400 27,500 92,900 20,300 15,900 900 400 3,900 1,000 9,500 300 9.500 2,200 2,700 1.500 500 100 100 100 300 (1) (1) 100 2,500 800 300 300 500 100 200 200 5,600 1,100 2,100 700 (1) 100 100 100 Contract construction...................... Transportation and public utilities ....... 40,700 47,600 300 1,700 300 400 8,800 10,700 3,000 2,500 21,500 28,400 6,900 3,800 Railroad transportation.................. Other transportation..... .......... . Communication...... ..................... Electric, gas, and sanitary services.. •• 5,000 4,100 13,700 24,800 100 300 300 1,100 (1) (1) 100 300 900 1,100 3,000 5,800 100 (1) 2,100 2,800 2,600 10,000 13,000 1,100 100 100 2,500 Wholesale and retail trade................. Finance, insurance, and real estate........ Services.................................... 23,500 2,700 73,900 1,300 (1) 18,200 200 200 3,300 4,300 600 8,100 13,400 400 7,200 3,500 800 29,300 800 700 7,800 25,800 (1) 47,100 1,000 11,900 (1) 6,300 (1) 1,800 (1) 1,500 (1) 2,800 (1) 5,300 (1) 2,100 (1) 4,400 600 5,400 (1) 23,600 200 1,700 (1) 6,000 200 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other manufacturing industries.......... Nonmanufacturing............................. Mining...................... ................ Crude petroleum and natural gas........ Metal mining............................. Coal mining................ ........ . • • • • Quarrying and nonmetallic mining........ Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services........ Medical and dental laboratories......... Engineering and architectural services..., Other services............................ Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries................................. 1/ Less than 50 cases. NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 51 300 Table A -2 1. Technicians, by size of establishment and industry, January 1962 In du stry T ech n icia n s in a l l e sta b lish me n t s T e ch n icia n s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s t o t a l e m p lo ym e n t o f — Under 100 1 00 -4 9 9 5 00 -9 9 9 w ith 1 , 0 0 0 or m o re Nu m be r i n d u s t r i e s .................................................................. .. ............................. 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 1 5 ,2 0 0 6 1 ,5 0 0 2 5 8 ,5 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............................................................................................................................................. 3 7 9 ,5 0 0 4 7 ,5 0 0 7 3 ,4 0 0 4 7 ,2 0 0 2 1 1 ,5 0 0 O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s . . . .............................. .............................................................. F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ....................................... ........................................................... T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ............................................................................................................... L um be r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ................................................. P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................... C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................... 1 4 ,1 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 5 ,7 0 0 4 3 ,4 0 0 (1) 3 ,7 0 0 200 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 4 ,9 0 0 200 5 ,4 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 600 1 ,8 0 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 900 200 1 ,1 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,4 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 100 1 ,8 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s ...................................................... .. .............. .. ................................ P l a s t i c s a n d s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ......................................................... D r u g s ......................................................................................................................................................... O ther ch e m ic al p ro d u c ts .................... .................................................................... 2 0 ,8 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 1 1 ,7 0 0 800 700 700 2 ,8 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 700 600 1 ,2 0 0 1 5 ,2 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 9 ,4 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 100 200 200 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 900 1 ,9 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 900 1 ,1 0 0 800 2 ,6 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 a n d b a s i c s t e e l s p r o d u c t s ....................................................... m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ..................... .. ............................................... .. ... 1 2 ,2 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 300 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 9 ,2 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 m e t a l p r o d u c t s ..................... ............................................ ................................ e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l .......................................................................................... 2 4 ,6 0 0 6 3 ,4 0 0 6 ,1 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 1 4 ,4 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 9 ,2 0 0 6 ,4 0 0 2 6 ,0 0 0 E n g i n e s a n d t u r b i n e s .................................... ........................................................ .. O f f i c e c o m p u t i n g , a n d a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s ................................................ !Farm machinery and equipment ............................................................ ....................... 3 ,7 0 0 1 1 ,2 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 O ther m a c h i n e r y ........................................................................................................................... 4 2 ,5 0 0 100 100 2 ,2 0 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 100 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,0 0 0 500 700 400 7 ,6 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 1 1 ,6 0 0 s u p p l i e s . ........................................................................ 8 4 ,9 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 1 3 ,6 0 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 5 2 ,5 0 0 E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n eq u ip m en t and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s . H o u s e h o l d a p p l i a n c e s .............................................................................. ............................. C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ............ .. ................................................................. ................. E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g a n d w i r i n g e q u i p m e n t ...................................................... E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s . ...................................................... R a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s ............................................................... M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s ........................... 2 0 ,5 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 3 4 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 1 4 ,2 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 3 ,8 0 0 100 900 100 2 ,6 0 0 300 400 4 ,1 0 0 200 4 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 300 1 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 300 3 ,4 0 0 600 1 ,6 0 0 300 300 8 ,4 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 2 5 ,5 0 0 700 7 ,1 0 0 6 ,2 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 A ll %J P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ................................................ .................... .................... ....................... .. .. R u b b e r a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s ................................................ S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s .................................................................................... P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ......................................................................................................... B la st O ther furnace p rim a ry F a b rica ted M ach in e ry, E le c tric a l equ ip m en t and See footnotes at end of table. 52 Table A -2 1. Technicians, by s ize of establishment and industry, January 1962 - - continued T ech n icia n s in a l l e sta b lish m ents In du stry T ech n icia n s in e sta b lish m e n ts t o t a l em p lo ym en t o f — Under 100 1 00 -4 9 9 5 0 0 -9 9 9 w ith 1 ,0 0 0 or more N um be r T ra n sp o rta tio n e q u i p m e n t ................................................................................................ 5 7 ,8 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 4 8 ,2 0 0 M o t o r v e h i c l e s a n d e q u i p m e n t ................................................ ............................. A irc ra ft a n d p a r t s .................... ........................................................... .. .................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .................................................................. . . 1 5 ,9 0 0 3 6 ,3 0 0 5 ,6 0 0 200 1 ,4 0 0 400 900 1 ,1 0 0 600 1 ,3 0 0 3 ,3 0 0 400 1 3 ,5 0 0 3 0 ,5 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 p r o d u c t s ........................................................................ 2 1 ,3 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 1 2 ,3 0 0 E n g i n e e r i n g a n d s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ................................................ O t h e r i n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ................................................ 8 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,9 0 0 600 2 ,3 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 400 1 ,5 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 6 ,4 0 0 7 ,2 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 2 0 5 ,5 0 0 1 0 2 ,5 0 0 4 1 ,8 0 0 1 4 ,3 0 0 4 7 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,1 0 0 4 ,4 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 700 2 ,0 0 0 C r u d e p e t r o l e u m a n d n a t u r a l g a s ..................................................................... M e t a l m i n i n g ........................... ........................................................... ... C o a l m i n i n g ........................... ................. ...................................... ............................................ Q u a r r y i n g a n d n o n m e t a l l i c m i n i n g . ............................................................... 7 ,1 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 700 3 ,6 0 0 200 400 200 2 ,1 0 0 400 200 300 400 100 100 200 1 ,0 0 0 500 500 C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . . . ........................ ..................................................... ................. T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ...................................................... . . ; 2 4 ,6 0 0 4 4 ,3 0 0 1 5 ,6 0 0 9 ,4 0 0 4 ,3 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 2 6 ,8 0 0 R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .................. ................. ........................................................ O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . • ..................................................................... .. ....................... C o m m u n i c a t i o n ........................................................................................................................... E l e c t r i c , g a s , a n d s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s ...................................................... 3 ,7 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 2 1 ,2 0 0 1 6 ,4 0 0 (1) 300 7 ,9 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 (1) 400 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 (1) 600 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 3 ,6 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 9 ,3 0 0 1 2 ,1 0 0 W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e ........................... .. ............................................... ... F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ................................................................ S e r v i c e s ................................................................................................................................................ 1 8 ,9 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 1 0 3 ,8 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 900 2 3 ,1 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 (1) 6 8 ,6 0 0 (1) 3 ,1 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 C o m m e rc ia l l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s i n e s s and m anagem ent c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s ................................................................................................... O t h e r s e r v i c e s £ / .................. ................. ..................................................... .................... 3 6 ,1 0 0 6 7 ,7 0 0 2 0 ,7 0 0 4 7 ,8 0 0 7 ,7 0 0 1 5 ,4 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 f i s h e r i e s .............................. ... 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 800 (1) (1) In stru m en ts O ther and re la ted m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s .............................................................................. N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ........................................................................ , ......................................... .. M i n i n g , ................................................... .............. .. ....................... . ....................... . . . . . . . . . A g ricu ltu ra l se rv ice s, f o r e s t r y , and (1) 1/ Less than 50 cases. 2/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined as follows: Other chemical products--agricultural chemicals. Other services--medical and dental laboratories, engineering and architectural services. NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 53 Table A-22. Percent d istrib u tio n of techn ician s, by siz e of establishment and industry, January 1962 In du stry T ech n icia n s in a l l e sta b lish m ents T e c h n ic ia n s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s t o t a l em p lo ym en t o f — Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 Percent A ll 5 0 0 -9 9 9 w ith 1 , 0 0 0 or m or e d istrib u tio n i n d u s t r i e s . ........................................................................ ... 1 0 0 .0 2 5 .6 1 9 .7 1 0 .5 4 4 .2 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ................................................................................................................................................ 1 0 0 .0 1 2 .5 1 9 .3 1 2 .4 5 5 .7 O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ......................................................................................................... F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ........................................................................ ............................. T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s .................................................................................................................. L u m b e r a n d w ood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ................................................... P a p e r an d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . ..................... ............................................ ................................ C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s .......................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 (1) 2 6 .6 4 .1 5 2 .3 1 7 .8 1 1 .4 1 .7 3 8 .7 3 9 .7 3 4 .2 3 1 .8 2 4 .4 9 .7 1 8 .6 2 4 .5 8 .4 1 8 .5 9 .3 8 8 .4 1 6 .1 3 1 .5 5 .2 3 1 .8 5 5 .0 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s ....................................................................................... ....................... P l a s t i c s a n d s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ............................................................. D r u g s ............................................................................................................................................................ O ther c h e m ic a l p ro d u c ts ................................................ .. ......................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 3 .7 1 2 .7 1 2 .2 2 4 .0 1 6 .2 3 1 .9 1 8 .0 3 8 .3 7 .1 1 3 .6 1 1 .2 1 0 .2 7 3 .1 4 1 .8 5 8 .6 P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ..................................................................... ..................................................... R u b b e r a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s ................................................... S t o n e , c l a y a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................... P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ......................................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 .4 4 .7 4 .6 7 .5 1 7 .4 1 9 .3 3 9 .8 1 8 .5 9 .8 2 3 .7 1 7 .6 1 3 .9 7 1 .4 5 2 .4 3 5 .0 6 0 .1 a n d b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s . . ............... m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 2 .7 1 6 .3 1 3 .5 2 7 .4 8 .3 2 4 .2 7 5 .5 3 2 .0 m e t a l p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................................... e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l .............................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 2 5 .0 2 1 .8 3 3 .2 2 2 .6 1 5 .7 1 4 .5 2 6 .1 4 1 .0 E n g i n e s a n d t u r b i n e s ............................................................................................................... O f f i c e , c o m p u t i n g a n d a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s ................................................. Fa rm m a c h i n e s a n d e q u i p m e n t .......................................................................................... O t h e r m a c h i n e r y .............................................................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 2 .6 1 .2 3 6 .8 2 6 .9 3 .3 1 1 .0 1 7 .4 2 8 .1 1 4 .4 6 .4 6 .4 1 7 .8 7 9 .7 8 1 .4 3 9 .5 2 7 .2 1 0 0 .0 9 .7 1 6 .0 1 2 .5 6 1 .9 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 8 .8 2 .2 2 .8 4 .0 1 8 .3 4 .0 9 .1 1 7 .9 7 .0 1 1 .8 4 1 .2 2 0 .1 4 .6 2 7 .1 2 0 .3 9 .4 1 0 .1 2 4 .0 1 1 .5 4 .4 6 .4 4 1 .0 8 1 .4 7 5 .2 3 0 .8 5 0 .1 8 7 .0 5 7 .5 %/ B la st Other furnace prim a ry F a b rica te d M ach in ery, E le c tr ic a l e q u ip m en t and s u p p l i e s . . . .................. ...................................... ... E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n e q u i p m e n t and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s . . H o u s e h o l d a p p l i a n c e s ............................................................................................................... C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .................................................................. ................................... E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g a n d w i r i n g e q u i p m e n t .......................................................... E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ............................................................. R a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s ................................................................... M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s ..................... See footnotes at end of table. 54 2 7 ,4 Table A-22. Percent d istrib u tio n of technicians, by siz e of establishment and industry, January 1962 - - Continued T ech n icia n s in a l l e sta b lish m ents In du stry T e c h n ic ia n s in e s ta b lis h m e n t s t o t a l em p lo ym en t o f — Under 100 1 0 0 -4 9 9 Percent 5 0 0 -9 9 9 w ith 1 ,0 0 0 or m o re d istrib u tio n 1 0 0 .0 3 .4 4 .5 8 .7 8 3 .4 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 .1 3 .9 7 .1 5 .4 3 .0 1 1 .3 8 .2 9 .2 7 .0 8 5 .3 8 3 .9 7 4 .7 p r o d u c t s .............................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 3 .9 1 9 .6 8 .8 5 7 .8 E n g i n e e r i n g a n d s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ...................................................... O t h e r i n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ...................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 7 .2 1 8 .1 1 7 .4 2 1 .0 4 .9 1 1 .3 7 0 .5 4 9 .6 i n d u s t r i e s .................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 2 1 .7 3 4 .9 1 4 .4 2 9 .0 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g .................................... ............................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 4 9 .9 2 0 .3 6 .9 2 2 .9 1 0 0 .0 4 3 .8 2 9 .5 7 .3 1 9 .3 C r u d e p e t r o l e u m a n d n a t u r a l g a s ................................................... .. .................... M e t a l m i n i n g ......................................................... .. ............................. ............................. .. C o a l m i n i n g . .................................................................................................................................... Q u a r r y i n g a n d n o n m e t a l l i c m i n i n g ............................................................... .. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 5 1 .2 1 9 .2 3 4 .6 2 4 .1 2 9 .1 3 4 .0 2 0 .1 4 4 .0 5 .9 6 .0 5 .2 2 8 .9 1 3 .8 4 0 .8 4 0 .0 C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n .............................. ..................................................... ....................... .. T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . .................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 63.7 2 6 .2 1 7 .7 1 1 .3 8 .6 7 .0 1 0 .1 6 0 .4 R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ........................................................................... ....................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ............................................................................................................ C o m m u n i c a t i o n ......................................................... ....................................................................... E l e c t r i c , g a s , a n d s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s ...................................................... .. . . 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 (1) 1 0 .3 3 7 .4 7 .0 (1) 1 2 .0 1 4 .0 1 0 .1 (1) 2 1 .3 4 .5 9 .1 9 8 .4 5 6 .5 4 4 .1 7 3 .8 W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e ........................................................................... .................... F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e * a n d r e a l e s t a t e ........................................................................ S e r v i c e s ....................................... .............................................................................................................. 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 8 .6 2 4 .7 4 3 .4 2 2 .3 2 7 .7 (1) 6 6 .0 (1) 3 .0 2 9 .0 5 6 .1 8 .7 C o m m e r c ia l l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s i n e s s and m anagem ent c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s ........................... ................................ ....................... .. ................. Other s e r v i c e s .......................................................................................... .. ....................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 5 7 .4 7 0 .7 2 1 .3 2 2 .8 5 .2 1 .8 1 6 .2 4 .8 1 0 0 .0 5 5 .1 4 4 .9 (1) (1) T ra n sp o rta tio n e q u i p m e n t . ................................................... .. ............................. ... M o t o r v e h i c l e s a n d e q u i p m e n t .............................................................................. ... A i r c r a f t a n d p a r t s . ................................................... ........................................................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .............................................................................. In stru m en ts O ther and re la ted m a n u fa ctu rin g M i n i n g ....................................... .............. ...................................... .. ............................. ... %] A g ricu ltu ra l l/ serv ices, f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s .................. .. Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. 2/ Included in designated industry group are industries combined as follows: Other chemical products — agricultural chemicals. Other services--medical and dental laboratories, engineering and architectural services. (1) NOTE.--Percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown, 55 Table A-23. Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962 In du stry T ech n icia n s, a ll sp e c ia ltie s D raftsm en E n gin eerin g and p h y s i c a l scien ce tech n icia n s M ed ica ls a g ric u ltu ra l, and b io lo g ic a l te ch n icia n s U n c la ssifie d te ch n icia n s N um b er 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 2 1 2 ,6 0 0 2 5 4 ,6 0 0 1 6 ,9 0 0 1 0 0 ,9 0 0 M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............................................................ .. .......................................................................... 3 7 9 ,5 0 0 1 2 6 ,2 0 0 1 8 5 ,5 0 0 1 1 ,4 0 0 5 6 ,3 0 0 O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s .................. ................................................................................ F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ......................................................................................................... L um b e r a n d w o o d p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ................................................ P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ......................................................... .......................... 1 4 ,1 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 5 ,7 0 0 4 3 ,4 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 200 900 1 ,6 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 8 ,3 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 900 2 ,4 0 0 2 5 ,9 0 0 100 4 ,6 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 4 ,3 0 0 800 100 1 ,7 0 0 8 ,8 0 0 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s ......................................................................................................... P l a s t i c s a n d s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s .............................. .. ..................... D r u g s ...................................................................................................................................................... A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m i c a l s ................................................................................................... O t h e r c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t s . .................. .......................................................................... 2 0 ,8 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,8 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 400 200 1 ,7 0 0 (1) 700 1 4 ,8 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 100 6 ,9 0 0 P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g ..................................................................................................................... R u b b e r a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s .............................. ... . . . . S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s .............................................................................. P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s . . ............... .. ................. .. ..................................................... 9 ,4 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 1 0 ,7 0 0 100 (1) (1) 200 1 ,2 0 0 800 600 3 ,3 0 0 a n d b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s ................................................... m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s . ............................................. .. 1 2 ,2 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 3 ,3 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 6 ,3 0 0 4 ,4 0 0 100 100 2 ,5 0 0 800 m e t a l p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ....................................................................................... 2 4 ,6 0 0 6 3 ,4 0 0 1 5 ,0 0 0 3 2 ,9 0 0 6 ,5 0 0 2 3 ,2 0 0 100 200 3 ,0 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 1 1 ,2 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 4 2 ,5 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 2 5 ,5 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 6 ,8 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 1 2 ,5 0 0 (1) (1) (1) 100 200 1 ,8 0 0 800 4 ,3 0 0 s u p p l i e s ........................................................................ 8 4 ,9 0 0 2 6 ,2 0 0 4 6 ,5 0 0 200 1 1 ,9 0 0 E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n e q u i p m e n t and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s H o u s e h o l d a p p l i a n c e s ......................................................................................................... C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .............................. .. .............................................................. E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g a n d w i r i n g e q u i p m e n t ................................................... E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ...................................................... R a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s ............................................................ M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s ......................... 2 0 ,5 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 3 4 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 1 4 ,2 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 8 ,6 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 9 ,4 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 2 0 ,3 0 0 900 8 ,7 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 2 ,3 0 0 100 1 ,8 0 0 500 5 ,1 0 0 300 2 ,8 0 0 800 700 A ll B la st O ther furnace p rim a ry F a b rica te d M ach in ery, i n d u s t r i e s ..................... . ................................... ... E n g i n e s a n d t u r b i n e s ......................................................................................................... O f f i c e , c o m p u t i n g , a n d a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s .......................................... Fa rm m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t ................................................................................. O t h e r m a c h i n e r y ........................................................................................................................... E le c tric a l equ ip m en t See footnote and at end of table. 56 (1) (1) (1) 5 ,2 0 0 (1) 3 ,2 0 0 100 200 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 2 ,2 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 800 3 ,0 0 0 Table A -2 3 . Technicians, by occupational group and industry, January 1962—Continued T ech n ician s, a ll sp ec ia ltie s In du stry D raftsm en E n gin eerin g and p h y s i c a l scien ce tech n icia n s M e d ica l, a g ric u ltu ra l and b io lo g ic a l te ch n icia n s U n c la s s ifie d tech n icia n s Number e q u i p m e n t . . . . . . ........................... ................. .. ............................. 5 7 ,8 0 0 2 0 ,6 0 0 3 0 ,0 0 0 400 6 ,9 0 0 M o t o r v e h i c l e s a n d e q u i p m e n t .......................................... .. ................................ A i r c r a f t a n d p a r t s ................................. .......................................................................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ...................................................... ... 1 5 ,9 0 0 3 6 ,3 0 0 5 ,6 0 0 7 ,4 0 0 9 ,5 0 0 3 ,6 0 0 5 ,8 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 200 200 (1) 2 ,5 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 900 2 1 ,3 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 300 3 ,7 0 0 8 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,9 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 4 ,8 0 0 5 ,8 0 0 (1) 300 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,6 0 0 7 ,2 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 100 1 ,0 0 0 2 0 5 ,5 0 0 8 6 ,4 0 0 6 9 ,1 0 0 5 ,5 0 0 4 4 ,5 0 0 M i n i n g . ........................... ...................................................................................................................... 1 0 ,1 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 6 ,1 0 0 (1) 1 ,0 0 0 C r u d e p e t r o l e u m a n d n a t u r a l g a s ............................................................ ... M e t a l m i n i n g . . . . . ......................................................................................... .................... C o a l m i n i n g . ............ .. .............................................................................................................. Q u a r r y i n g a n d n o n m e t a l l i c m i n i n g ........................ ................................ ... 7 ,1 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 700 2 ,1 0 0 200 300 300 4 ,6 0 0 700 500 300 (1) (1) (1) (1) 300 200 400 100 C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . ....................................... ................................... .. ....................... T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ............................................................... 2 4 ,6 0 0 4 4 ,3 0 0 1 5 ,0 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 3 ,9 0 0 2 2 ,4 0 0 (1) 100 5 ,6 0 0 1 2 ,7 0 0 R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ............... ............................. ............................................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n * . ................................................................................................ C o m m u n i c a t i o n ................................................... .......................... ............................................ E l e c t r i c , g a s , a n d s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s ...................................................... 3 ,7 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 2 1 ,2 0 0 1 6 ,4 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 700 600 6 ,4 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 500 1 2 ,8 0 0 7 ,5 0 0 (1) (1) (1) 100 600 1 ,8 0 0 7 ,8 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e ............... ....................................................................... .. F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ........................ ....................... .. .............. S e r v i c e s ............................................................................................................................................... 1 8 ,9 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 1 0 3 ,8 0 0 4 ,4 0 0 100 5 4 ,9 0 0 5 ,1 0 0 600 3 0 ,9 0 0 (1) 100 3 ,9 0 0 9 ,4 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 1 4 ,1 0 0 C o m m e r c i a l l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s i n e s s and m an agem en t c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s ................................................................................................... M e d i c a l a n d d e n t a l l a b o r a t o r i e s . . . . . ............... ...................................... E n g i n e e r i n g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s ................................................ O t h e r s e r v i c e s ................................................................................ 3 6 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 6 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 1 2 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,9 0 0 (1) 4 2 ,2 0 0 100 900 2 ,9 0 0 100 (1) 6 ,6 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 (1) 1 ,2 0 0 500 T ra n sp o rta tio n In stru m en ts and re la ted p r o d u c t s ............................................................... ... E n g i n e e r i n g a n d s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ................................................ O t h e r i n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ........................... .................... O ther m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s ................................................... .. .............. ... N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g .................................... .. .................................................................... ... A g ricu ltu ra l s e r v ic e s , 1 / Less than 50 forestry, and f i s h e r i e s ........................ cases. NOTE.--Totals have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indi cated by the rounded figures shown. 57 . (1) 1 4 ,7 0 0 300 (1) Table A*24. Percent distribution of technicians, In d u st ry by occupational T echnicians, a ll sp ecialties group Draftsmen and industry, January En gin ee rin g and p h y s i c a l science technicians 1962 M e d i c a l, a g ricu ltu ra l, and b io logical technicians U n c la ssified technicians Percent d i s t r i b u t i o n ^ A ll i n d u s t r i e s ............. . .............. . ............................................... 1 00.0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 00 .0 M a nu fa ct ur in g . •••••••••••••••••••................................................................. 64.9 59.4 7 2.9 6 7.4 5 5.9 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s * . * . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . . * . , * . . . Food and kindred p r o d u c t s . ................................................................. .... T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . ....................... ••••••••............................. Lumber and wood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e . . . . . . .................. Paper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . . . . . . . . . . .................................................... .. Chemicals and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s .................................................................... 2 .4 2 .4 •6 .3 1 .0 7 .4 2 .1 .5 •1 .4 .7 1 .6 3.2 1 .5 1.1 .3 1 .0 10.2 .6 2 6.9 (1) (1) (1) 3 0.8 1.2 4 .2 .8 .1 1 .7 8 .7 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s . ........................................ •••••................... ••••• P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s . .......................................... D r u g s . . . . . ............................................................................. ............................... .. A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m i c a l s ............. • • *• • ................................................ .. Other che mical p r o d u c t s ...........•••••................... .. 3 .6 .9 .9 .2 1 .8 1 .0 •2 .1 (1) .3 5 .8 1.2 .4 (2) 2 .7 10.2 (1) 19.0 .5 .9 2 .2 1.8 1 .0 .8 3 .0 Petroleum r e f i n i n g . ................••••••••••••••...................................... Rubber and m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s . ............. ..................... S t o n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s . . . . . ..................................................... Primary meta l i n d u s t r i e s . ................................................................................ 1.6 .8 .8 3 .2 1 .1 .6 .5 2 .2 2 .3 1 .0 1 .2 4 .2 .4 (1) (1) 1 .2 1.2 .8 .6 3.3 B l a s t fu rn ac e and b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s . •• • ............................. Other primary m et al I n d u s t r i e s * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... 2 .1 1 .1 1 .5 .7 2 .5 1 .7 .4 .8 2 .5 .8 F a b r ic a te d m et al p r o d u c t s . • .............•••••••................. M ach in e ry , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l . ••••........................................................... 4 .2 1 0.8 7.1 15.5 2 .6 9 .1 .3 *9 2 .9 7 .1 Engines and t u r b i n e s . ...................................................................... O f f i c e , computing, and a c co un tin g m a c h i n e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Farm machinery and e q u ip m e n t. ••••••«••••••»••••••••••••• Other mach inery............................ ...................................................................... .6 1 .9 1 .0 7 .3 1 .0 1 .2 1 .2 12.0 .5 2 .7 1 .0 4 .9 (1) (1) (1) .8 .2 1.8 .8 4 .3 E l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s .................. •• •••............................. 1 4.5 1 2.3 1 8.3 1 .1 1 1.8 E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment and i n d u s t r i a l apparatus Household a p p l i a n c e s . ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Communication e q u ip m e n t. • « • •• •• «•• •• •• .......................................... E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w ir in g equipment...................................... .. E l e c t r o n i c components and a c c e s s o r i e s . •••••••............. ••••• Radio and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s . . . . ......................................... M i s c e ll a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s . •••••••• 3 .5 .5 5 .8 .4 2 .4 1.2 .7 4 .3 .6 4 .0 .6 1 .3 1.1 .5 3.7 .4 8 .0 .3 3 .4 1.6 .9 .8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 .8 .5 5 .0 .3 2 .7 .8 .7 See f o o t n o t e s a t end o f t a b l e . 58 Table A-24. Percent distribution of technicians, In d u stry by occupational T e c h n ic ia n s , a ll s p e c ia ltie s group Draftsm en and industry, January E n gin e e rin g and p h y s ic a l s c ie n c e te c h n ic ia n s 1962 — Continued M e d ic a l, a g r ic u ltu r a l, and b io lo g ic a l te c h n ic ia n s U n c la s s if ie d te c h n ic ia n s Peroent d i s t r i b u t i o n T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t................................................................................. 9 .9 9 .7 1 1 .8 2 .5 6 .8 M otor v e h i c le s and equipm ent.................................................................... A i r c r a f t and p a r t s . •••••••••.................................................................... O ther t r a n s p o r ta tio n equipm ent............................................................... 2 .7 6 .2 1 .0 3 .5 4 .5 1 .7 2 .3 9 .0 .4 1 .1 1 .3 (1 ) 2 .4 3 .5 .9 In stru m en ts and r e l a t e d p ro d u c ts............................................................... 3 .6 3 .2 4 .2 1 .7 3 .6 E n gin e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s . . . . . ............................ .. O ther in stru m en ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ......................................... 1 .4 2 .2 1 .2 2 .0 1 .9 2 .3 (1 ) 1 .7 1 .0 2 .6 Other m an u factu rin g i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................... 1 .2 1 .7 .9 .5 1 .0 Nonm anufacturing. .......................................................................... ............................ 3 5 .1 4 0 .6 2 7 .1 3 2 .6 4 4 .1 M i n i n g . . . . . ............. .................................................................................... •••••• 1 .7 1 .4 2 .4 (1 ) 1 .0 Crude petro leu m and n a tu r a l g a s .................. ......................................... M etal m i n i n g . . . . . . ............................................................................................ C oal m i n i n g * . . . . . . ............................................................................................. Quarrying and n o n m e ta llic m in in g.......................................................... 1 .2 .2 .2 •1 1 .0 .1 .1 •1 1 .8 •3 .2 .1 (l) (1) (1 ) (1) •3 .2 .4 .1 C o n tra ct c o n s t r u c t i o n ............................................................................ ••••• T ra n s p o r ta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . .................................................... 4 .2 7 .6 7 .1 4 .3 1 .5 8 .8 (1) •8 5 .6 1 2 .6 Rai lr o a d tr a n s p o r t a t io n ................................................................................ O ther t r a n s p o r t a t io n ........................................................................................ Com m unication. ......................... ............................... ......................................... .. E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n ita r y s e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . . . . .................. .. •6 .5 3 .6 2 .8 .7 .3 .3 3 .0 .6 .2 5 .0 3 .0 (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) .5 .6 1 .7 7 .8 2 .4 W h o lesa le and r e t a i l tr a d e ...................................••••••••...................... F in a n ce , in su r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . .................................................... S e r v i c e s . . . . ................................................................................................................ 3 .2 .4 1 7 .7 2 .1 (2 ) 2 5 .8 2 .0 .2 1 2 .1 (1 ) .8 2 3 .2 9 .3 1 .2 1 4 .0 Commercial la b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and management c o n s u ltin g s e r v i c e s ...................................................................................... M ed ical and d e n ta l la b o r a t o r i e s ............. ......................................... .. E n gin e e rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s ........................................... Other s e r v i c e s . . . . ............................................................................................. 6 .2 .7 1 0 .3 5 .9 (1 ) 1 9 .8 6 .3 (1 ) 5 .8 5 .5 1 7 .2 6 .6 1 .2 3 .0 A g r ic u lt u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y , and f i s h e r i e s . . . . •••••••• .6 (2) .1 .3 (1) (1) .5 (1) 3.2 .5 7 .4 i l ! Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. I f Less than .05 percent. NOTE•••Percents nave been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 59 T a b le S iz e of A -2 5 . T e c h n ic ia n s , by o c c u p a tio n a l e s t a b lis h m e n t group an d T e c h n ic ia n s , a ll s p e c ia ltie s s iz e of e s ta b lis h m e n t , D r a ftsm e n January E n g in e e r in g and p h y s i c a l s c ie n c e te c h n ic ia n s 1962 M e d ic a l, a g r ic u ltu r a l, and b io lo g ic a l te c h n ic ia n s U n c la s s ifie d te c h n ic ia n s N um ber U nder 100 500 1 ,0 0 0 T o t a l ...................................................................................................... 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 2 1 2 ,6 0 0 2 5 4 ,6 0 0 1 6 ,9 0 0 1 0 0 ,9 0 0 e m p l o y e e s ................................................................................................ e m p l o y e e s ................................................................................................ 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 1 5 ,2 0 0 9 9 9 e m p l o y e e s ................................................................................................ e m p l o y e e s o r m o r e .................................................................................... 6 1 ,5 0 0 2 5 8 ,5 0 0 7 1 ,2 0 0 4 4 ,9 0 0 2 0 ,8 0 0 7 5 ,8 0 0 4 2 ,5 0 0 4 5 ,0 0 0 2 5 ,4 0 0 1 4 1 ,7 0 0 7 .4 0 0 3 .4 0 0 800 5 ,3 0 0 2 8 ,8 0 0 2 1 ,9 0 0 1 4 ,5 0 0 3 5 ,7 0 0 100 499 N O T E .- - T o t a l s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d on t h e b a s i s o f u n r o u n d e d F i g u r e s an d t h e r e f o r e may n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w ith t h o s e in d ic a t e d b y th e ro u n d ed f i g u r e s show n. 60 - Table A-26. S iz e Percent of distribution of technicians, e s ta o lis h m e n t by occupational T e c h n ic ia n s , a ll s p e c ia ltie s group and D r a f ts m e n P ercen t U nder 100 500 1 ,0 0 0 of establishment, E n g in e e r in g and p h y s i c a l s c ie n c e te c h n ic ia n s January 1962 M e d ic a l, • a g r i c u l t u r a l ,! and | U n c la s s ifie d te c h n ic ia n s b io lo g ic a l te c h n ic ia n s d is tr ib u tio n T o t a l .......................................................................................... 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 e m p l o y e e s .................................................................................... 4 9 9 e m p l o y e e s .................................................................................... 9 9 9 e m p l o y e e s .................................................................................... e m p l o y e e s o r m o r e ........................................................................ 2 5 .6 1 9 .7 1 0 .5 4 4 .2 3 3 .5 2 1 .1 9 .8 3 5 .6 1 6 .7 1 7 .7 1 0 .0 5 5 .6 4 4 .0 2 0 .1 4 .5 3 1 .4 2 8 .6 2 1 .7 1 4 .4 3 5 .3 N O T E .- -P e r c e n t s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d on th e b a s i s o f u n r o u n d e d f i g u r e s a n d t h e r e f o r e may n o t c o r r e s p o n d e x a c t l y w ith th o s e i n d i c a t e d by th e ro u n d ed f i g u r e s sh ow n . size 61 Table A-27. Scientists and engineers, technicians, by and ratio industry, of A ll s c ie n tis ts and e n g in e e r s In d u stry technicians January to scientists and engineers, 1962 A ll te c h n ic ia n s A v e r a g e n u m b er o f te c h n ic ia n s per 100 s c ie n t is t s and e n g in e e r s i n d u s t r i e s . . ................................................ .. ....................... 8 5 1 ,6 0 0 5 8 5 ,1 0 0 6 8 .7 M a n u f a c t u r i n g .................................................................................... ....................... .......................... ... 6 1 3 ,6 0 0 3 7 9 ,5 0 0 6 1 .9 O r d n a n c e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ...... .. ..... .............. .................................................................... F o o d a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ................................................................................................ T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ............................................................ .. .............. ............................. L um ber a n d w ood p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ....................................... .. P a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ....................................................................................... ... C h e m i c a l s a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . ......... ....................................................................... 3 9 ,5 0 0 2 2 ,2 0 0 7 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 1 1 ,7 0 0 9 5 ,5 0 0 1 4 ,1 0 0 1 3 ,9 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 5 ,7 0 0 4 3 ,4 0 0 3 5 .6 6 2 .5 5 3 .3 1 1 4 .4 4 8 .8 4 5 .5 I n d u s t r i a l c h e m i c a l s . ..................................................................... .. ............................. P l a s t i c s a n d s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s ............... ............................. .. D r u g s .............................. .................... .. ............................................................................................... A g r i c u l t u r a l c h e m i c a l s ...................................................... ................................ ... O t h e r c h e m i c a l p r o d u c t s ............................................................... ................................ 4 5 ,9 0 0 8 ,2 0 0 2 1 ,6 0 0 2 ,2 0 0 1 7 ,6 0 0 2 0 ,8 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 5 ,4 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,8 0 0 4 5 .3 6 6 .0 2 5 .2 4 4 .5 6 1 .3 P e t r o l e u m r e f i n i n g . . ............... ................................................................. .. .......................... R u b b e r a n d m i s c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t . s ............................................. S t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s . ............... ........................................................... P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................................... 2 0 ,9 0 0 7 ,7 0 0 9 ,1 0 0 3 2 ,0 0 0 9 ,4 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 4 ,7 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 4 4 .7 6 1 .4 5 2 .2 5 9 .0 a n d b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s ................................................... m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ........................ ......................................... .. 2 0 ,2 0 0 1 1 ,8 0 0 1 2 ,2 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 6 0 .3 5 6 .7 m e t a l p r o d u c t s ............................................. .. ................................ ... e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ....................................................................................... 2 5 ,1 0 0 6 9 ,2 0 0 2 4 ,6 0 0 6 3 ,4 0 0 9 8 .0 9 1 .6 3 ,9 0 0 1 4 ,4 0 0 7 ,4 0 0 4 3 ,6 0 0 * 3 ,7 0 0 1 1 ,2 0 0 6 ,0 0 0 4 2 ,5 0 0 9 5 .6 7 7 .8 8 1 .3 9 7 .6 A ll B la s t O th er fu r n a c e p r im a r y F a b r ic a te d M a c h in e r y , E n g i n e s and t u r b i n e s ......................................................................................................... O f f i c e , c o m p u t i n g , a n d a c c o u n t i n g m a c h i n e s ............................•• •• F a rm m a c h i n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t ................................................................................. O t h e r m a c h i n e r y ........................................................................................................................ s u p p l i e s ........................................................................ 1 2 3 ,2 0 0 8 4 ,9 0 0 6 8 .9 E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n e q u ip m e n t an d i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a t u s H o u s e h o ld a p p l i a n c e s ..................... .. • • • ........................... .. ...................................... C o m m u n ic a t io n e q u i p m e n t .................................... ................................ .......................... E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g a n d w i r i n g e q u i p m e n t ................................................... E l e c t r o n i c c o m p o n e n t s a n d a c c e s s o r i e s ................................................ .. R a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n r e c e i v i n g s e t s ............................................................ M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t a n d s u p p l i e s ........................ 2 5 ,3 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 5 5 ,4 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 1 8 ,7 0 0 1 0 ,8 0 0 5 ,1 0 0 2 0 ,5 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 3 4 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 1 4 ,2 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 8 0 .9 7 2 .8 6 1 .3 5 6 .7 7 6 .1 6 5 .8 7 9 .6 E le c t r ic a l e q u ip m e n t and 62 Table A - 2 7 . Scientists and engineers, technicians, by industry, and ratio January of 1962 technicians -- A ll s c ie n tis ts and e n g in e e r s In d u stry to scientists, and engineers, Continued A ll te c h n ic ia n s A v e r a g e n u m b er o f te c h n ic ia n s per 100 s c ie n tis ts and e n g in e e r s t ..................................................................... 1 1 0 ,4 0 0 5 7 ,8 0 0 5 2 .4 M o t o r v e h i c l e s a n d e q u i p m e n t .............................. .................................................. A i r c r a f t a n d p a r t s .................................................................................... .. O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t . ......................................................... ... 2 2 ,2 0 0 8 3 ,0 0 0 5 ,1 0 0 1 5 ,9 0 0 3 6 ,3 0 0 5 ,6 0 0 7 1 .3 4 3 .8 1 0 9 .9 p r o d u c t s .................................... ...................................... 3 0 ,2 0 0 2 1 ,3 0 0 7 0 .5 E n g i n e e r i n g a n d s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s ................................................... O t h e r i n s t r u m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ................................................... 1 1 ,5 0 0 1 8 ,8 0 0 8 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,9 0 0 7 2 .9 6 9 .0 i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................. 8 ,3 0 0 7 ,2 0 0 8 6 .3 N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g . ............................................................................................................................. 2 3 8 ,0 0 0 2 0 5 ,5 0 0 8 6 .4 M i n i n g . ........................ .. ...................................................................................................................... ... 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 0 ,1 0 0 4 1 .2 C r u d e p e t r o l e u m a n d n a t u r a l g a s ............................................. .......................... M e t a l m i n i n g . ............... ................. .. ......................................... .. ..... .. .. ................................ C o a l m i n i n g . ............... .................... ............................................................................................ Q u a r r y i n g a n d n o n m e t a l l i c m i n i n g ............................................................... .. 1 6 ,4 0 0 3 ,4 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 7 ,1 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 700 4 3 .4 3 4 .2 3 9 .4 3 7 .4 C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . ............................................................ ............................................ T r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s . ............................................................... 4 1 ,0 0 0 4 9 ,2 0 0 2 4 ,6 0 0 4 4 ,3 0 0 5 9 .9 9 0 .0 R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . ................................. .. ................. .. ................................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ........................................................................... .. .......................... C o m m u n i c a t i o n ............... ..................................................... ........................................................ E l e c t r i c , g a s , a n d s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s ....................................... ................. 5 ,3 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 1 3 ,7 0 0 2 6 ,0 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 2 1 ,2 0 0 1 6 ,4 0 0 6 9 .8 7 1 .1 1 5 4 .2 6 3 .2 W h o l e s a l e a n d r e t a i l t r a d e .................. .......................................................................... F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e . . ............................................................... S e r v i c e s ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1 ,2 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 8 6 ,5 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 1 0 3 ,8 0 0 6 0 .5 4 7 .4 1 2 0 .0 C o m m e r c ia l l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s i n e s s and m an agem en t c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s ............... ...................................................................................... M e d i c a l a n d d e n t a l l a b o r a t o r i e s ..................... .. ............................................... E n g i n e e r i n g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . . . . . .................................... O t h e r s e r v i c e s ...................................................... .................................................................... 3 4 ,1 0 0 700 4 9 ,8 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 3 6 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 6 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,5 0 0 1 0 5 .9 5 8 0 .3 1 2 0 .4 1 9 1 .9 f i s h e r i e s .................................... 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 1 8 1 .3 T r a n s p o r ta tio n In str u m e n ts O th er e and exactly unrounded with i p r e la te d s e r v ic e s , N O T E .- -T o t a ls of u m a n u fa c tu r in g A g r ic u ltu r a l basis q those an d m e n f o r e s t r y , and p e rc e n ts figures and indicated by have been therefore the c a lc u la te d may rounded not on th e correspond figures shown. - 63 - Table A-28. Scientists ratio and of engineers, R&D and technicians technicians, to R&D primarily scientists and engaged in research engineers, by and industry, development, January and 1962 Number p r im a r ily engaged in re se a rch and development In d u stry V S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs T e ch n icia n s R&D te c h n ic ia n s per 100 R&D s c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e r s A l l i n d u s t r i e s ................................. ....................................................... 3 0 3 ,8 0 0 1 5 1 ,0 0 0 4 9 .7 M a n u fa ctu rin g . ••••••••••••................................................................................ .......................... .. 2 6 5 ,9 0 0 1 2 7 ,0 0 0 4 7 .8 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ....................................................................................... ..................... Food and k in d red p r o d u c t s .• • • • • • • .• • • .............................................................................. T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s ..................... •••••......................................................................... .. Lumber and wood p r o d u c ts , e x ce p t f u r n i t u r e ......................................... ...................... Paper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s . . . . ................................................................................................ Chem icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s .......................................................... ••••••••••............ 1 9 ,8 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 3 ,6 0 0 300 2 ,7 0 0 3 9 ,7 0 0 4 ,5 0 0 3 ,2 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 (2 ) 1 ,1 0 0 1 7 ,5 0 0 2 2 .6 3 9 .9 5 3 .1 (2 ) 4 2 .2 4 4 .2 I n d u s t r ia l c h e m ic a ls ................••••••••••••••••......................................................... P l a s t i c s and s y n t h e t i c s , e x c e p t g l a s s . ..................................................................... D r u g s .••••••....................................................................................................................................... A g r ic u lt u r a l c h e m i c a ls .• •••••••............................ .. Other chem ical p r o d u c ts ............. .......................... ••••••.................................................... 1 7 ,4 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 8 ,6 0 0 700 9 ,4 0 0 7 ,8 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 2 ,9 0 0 100 4 ,6 0 0 4 5 .2 5 7 .9 3 4 .0 9 .3 4 8 .9 P etroleum r e f i n i n g ......................................................... ................................................................ Rubber and m is c e lla n e o u s p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s . . . . • .................... ................ .. S to n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c ts ...........••••••.................................. ............................... Prim ary m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s ....................................................................................................... .. 3 ,9 0 0 2 ,8 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 6 ,2 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 3 ,6 0 0 6 1 .0 4 4 .6 5 5 .8 5 7 .9 B la s t fu rn a ce and b a s ic s t e e l p r o d u c t s .................................................................... O ther prim ary m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s ................................................................................. 3 ,9 0 0 2 ,4 0 0 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 4 5 .0 7 8 .6 F a b ric a te d m e ta l p r o d u c ts ....................... ••••••••............................................ .. M ach in ery, e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ..................................................................................................... 6 ,2 0 0 2 6 ,6 0 0 3 ,7 0 0 1 6 ,5 0 0 5 9 .5 6 2 .3 E ngines and t u r b i n e s .• ..• • • • • • ..................• • .• • • • • • • • • .................................. O f f i c e , com puting, and a c co u n tin g m a c h in e s .• • • • • • • • • ................................. Farm m achinery and equipm ent................................................................................................ O ther m a c h in e r y ...................•••••........................... • • • • • • • • • • • • ..• • • • ...................... 1 ,5 0 0 9 ,2 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,8 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 5 ,2 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 8 ,7 0 0 6 1 .7 5 6 .9 5 4 .3 6 8 .1 6 4 ,8 0 0 3 6 ,5 0 0 5 6 .4 1 0 ,8 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 3 3 ,1 0 0 1 ,6 0 0 7 ,8 0 0 7 ,8 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 1 ,1 0 0 1 7 ,9 0 0 9 00 4 ,1 0 0 4 ,1 0 0 1 ,8 0 0 6 1 .8 6 3 .6 5 4 .0 5 5 .2 5 2 .0 5 3 .1 9 1 .1 E l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s ............................................................................... E l e c t r i c d i s t r i b u t i o n equipment and i n d u s t r i a l a p p a r a tu s .•••••••••• H ousehold a p p lia n c e s ............................................................................................................... .. Communication e q u ip m e n t.•••••••...................................... ......................................... .. E l e c t r i c l i g h t i n g and w irin g equipm ent. ....................... ............................................ E le c t r o n ic components and a c c e s s o r i e s ...................................................................... .. Radio and t e l e v i s i o n r e c e iv in g s e t s . . . ............................................................... M is c e lla n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p l i e s . . . . ...................................... See fo o tn o te s a t end o f t a b l e . 64 Table A-28. Scientists of R&D and engineers, technicians and to R & D technicians, scientists primarily and engaged engineers, by in research industry, and January development, 1962 — and ratio Continued Number p r im a r ily engaged in re se a r c h and developm ent Indus t r y S c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs T r a n s p o r ta tio n eqyipm ent......................................................................................................... T e ch n icia n s fe&D te c h n ic ia n s per 100 R&D s c i e n t i s t s and e n g in e e rs 6 0 ,3 0 0 2 2 ,9 0 0 3 8 .0 M otor v e h i c le s and e q u ip m e n t.• ....................................... ..................... . . . . ................ A i r c r a f t and p a r t s ............................................................................. ......................................... O ther tr a n s p o r t a t io n e q u ip m e n t......................................................................................... 8 ,9 0 0 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 1 5 ,3 0 0 8 00 7 7 .1 3 0 .6 5 4 .2 In stru m en ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c ts .......................................................................... . ............ 1 5 ,1 0 0 8 ,0 0 0 5 3 .2 E n g in e e rin g and s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s . . . . • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O ther in stru m e n ts and r e la t e d p r o d u c t s .•••••••................................... •••••• 6 ,6 0 0 8 ,5 0 0 3 ,1 0 0 4 ,9 0 0 4 7 .5 5 7 .6 O ther m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s .............................................................................................. 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,1 0 0 6 9 .9 Nonm anufacturing....................................................................................................................................... 3 8 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0 6 3 .0 M in in g................................................ ......................................................................................................... 2 ,3 0 0 6 00 2 8 .4 Crude p etro leu m and n a tu r a l g a s . . .................................................................................. M etal m in in g ....................................... ............................................................................................ C oal m in in g .................. ..................................................................................................................... Q uarrying and n o n m e ta llic m in in g ..................................................................................... 1 ,4 0 0 3 00 2 00 300 2 00 2 00 2 00 100 1 3 .0 5 7 .9 1 0 3 .2 2 5 .0 C o n tra c t c o n s t r u c t i o n .•••••••• • • • •• .• • • •• • .................. ..................... ................ .. T r a n s p o r ta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . •••••..................................... •••••••............ 6 00 2 ,4 0 0 100 8 00 9 .2 3 3 .4 R a ilr o a d t r a n s p o r t a t io n ....................................................................................... ................ .. O ther t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .••••••••..................................................................................... .. Com m unication. .......................................................................................................................... E l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e s . ............................................... ................ .. 100 400 400 1 ,5 0 0 (2 ) 100 200 400 (2 ) 3 9 .0 5 5 .0 2 7 .5 W h olesa le and r e t a i l t r a d e ........................................................................... ••••••............ F in a n c e , in su r a n c e ,a n d r e a l e s t a t e . •• •••••• ••••••••........................................... S e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . . •••••••• •••••••••••............. .................................................................. 2 ,8 0 0 400 2 9 ,5 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 (2 ) 2 1 ,0 0 0 5 2 .3 (2 ) 7 1 .0 Commercial l a b o r a t o r i e s ; b u s in e s s and management c o n s u ltin g s e r v i c e s .................................................................................................... ................ ................ .. M ed ica l and d e n ta l la b o r a t o r i e s ............... ••••••............................................ .. E n g in e e rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s ••••••....................................................... Other s e r v i c e s ................................................................................. .............. .......................... 2 0 ,2 0 0 100 9 ,2 0 0 (2 ) 1 4 ,1 0 0 100 6 ,8 0 0 (2 ) 6 9 .8 5 9 .4 7 3 .8 (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) A g r ic u lt u r a l s e r v i c e s , f o r e s t r y ,a n d f i s h e r i e s ......................................................... 1J 2/ Conducting or adm in istering research and development. Less than 50 c a s e s . NOTE.— Totals and percents figures and may not rounded figures therefore have correspond been calculated exactly with on those the basis indicated of by unrounded the shown. 65 (2 ) Table A-29. Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by industry, 1962 R&D technicians All technicians Industry January Number Percent of all technicians All industries........................ 585,100 151,000 25.8 Manufacturing.................................................. 379,500 127,000 33.5 Ordnance and accessories.................................... Food and kindred products.......................... ........ Textile mill products. ............... ;....................... Lumber and wood products, except furniture................ Paper and allied products................................... Chemicals and allied products.............................. 14,100 13,900 3,700 1,900 5,700 43,400 4,500 3,200 1,900 (1) 1,100 17,500 31.9 23.0 51.2 (1) 20.1 40.4 Industrial chemicals..... .................................. Plastics and synthetics, except glass.................... Drugs....................................................... Agricultural chemicals.................................... Other chemical products................................... 20,800 5,400 5,400 1,000 10,800 7,800 2,100 2,900 100 4,600 37.8 39.0 53.3 6.7 42.6 Petroleum refining,........................ ................. Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products................ Stone, clay, and glass products.............................. Primary metal industries.................................... 9,400 4,700 4,700 18,900 2,400 1,300 1,700 3,600 25.6 26.8 34.8 19.2 Blast furnace and basic steel products................... Other primary metal industries........................... 12,200 6,700 1,700 1 j900 14.2 28.1 Fabricated metal products................................... Machinery, except electrical................................ 24,600 63,400 3,700 16,500 15.0 26.1 Engines and turbines...... .......... . Office, computing and accounting machines............... Farm machinery and equipment.............................. Other machinery................................ ........... 3,700 11,200 6,000 42,500 1,000 5,200 1,600 8,700 25.6 46.6 26.9 20.6 84,900 36,500 43.1 20,500 2,700 34,000 2,400 14,200 7,100 4,100 6,700 1,100 17,900 900 4,100 4,100 1,800 32.5 42.5 52.6 37.6 28.6 57.9 44.6 Electrical equipment and supplies.......................... Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus Household appliances...... ............................... Communication equipment................................... Electric lighting and wiring equipment................... Electronic components and accessories.................... Radio and television receiving sets...................... Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies......... See footnote at end of table. 66 - Table A-29* Technicians primarily engaged in research and development, by industry, January 1962— Continued R&D technicians All technicians Industry Number Percent of all technicians Transportation equipment................................... 57,800 22*900 39.6 Motor vehicles and equipment............. ............... Aircraft and parts............. .......................... Other transportation equipment.......................... 15,900 36,300 5,600 6,900 15,300 800 43.4 42.1 13.3 21,300 8,000 37.6 Engineering and scientific instruments......... ..... . Other instruments and related products..... ........... 8,400 12,900 3,100 4,900 37.3 37.8 Other manufacturing industries......... .................... 7,200 2,100 29.5 Nonmanufacturing.............. ............................... 205,500 23,900 11.6 Mining........... .................... ...................... 10,100 600 6.4 Crude petroleum and natural gas......................... Metal mining.............................................. Coal mining............................................... Quarrying and nonmetallic mining........................ 7,100 1,100 1,200 700 200 200 200 100 2.o 16.0 15.8 12.4 Contract construction............... .......... ....... . Transportation and public utilities......... ............... 24,600 44,300 100 800 .2 1.8 Railroad transportation................................... Other transportation......................... . Communication. ................. ......... .......... ....... Electric, gas, and sanitary services...... ...... . 3,700 3,000 21,200 16,400 (1) 100 200 400 Wholesale and retail trade........................... ...... Finance, insurance, and real estate..... ................... Services.......... ........................................... 18,900 2,100 103,800 1,400 (1) 21,000 7.6 (1) 20.2 Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services..................................... Medical and dental laboratories.......................... Engineering and architectural services............ ...... Other services........... ................... .............. 36,100 4,100 60,000 3,500 14,100 100 6,800 (1) 39.0 1.4 11.3 (1) Agricultural services, forestry and fisheries............. 1,700 Instruments and related products................. ...... . 1/ Less than 50 cases; percentage not computed. NOTE.--Totals and percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. 67 (1) (1) 4.6 1.0 2.5 (1) Table A - 30* Technicians primarily engaged in r e s e a r c h an d de ve l o p m e n t , by size of establishment, January 1962 R&D technicians A ll Size of establishment technicians Number Total***........................................ Under 100 employees......................... *.................... 100-499 employees*•••••••......... *.........*..... *.............. * 500-999 employees*••••••••..... ••••••••••..... *.........•••••••••••• 1,000 employees or more*******.***.*****....................... . NOTE*— Totals and percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown* 68 Percent of all technicians 585,100 151,000 25.8 150,000 115,200 61,500 258,500 16,100 28,100 16,600 90,200 10.7 24*4 27.0 34*9 Table A-31. Scientists and engineers, Industry Number of scientists and engi n e e rs, January 1962 A ll in d u s t r ie s * ....................................... .. by industry, January Percent change from January 1961 1/ 1962, and percent change from January 1961 Industry Number of scientists and engi neers, January 1962 Percent change from January 1961 1 / 851,600 4*0 Transportation equipment*•••••••••••••*••• 110,400 6.6 M anufacturing*....................................... ............ *............. 613,600 4.8 Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ................................. .. Food and kindred prod u cts*******.................... .. T e x t ile m ill p r o d u c ts * .* * ................................... Lumber and wood p rod u cts, excep t fu r n itu r e *. Paper and a l l i e d p rod u cts........................................ Chemicals and a l l i e d p rod u cts*............................. 39,500 22,200 7,000 1,600 11,700 95,500 6*9 5.2 -5.0 1.5 3.0 2.6 Motor vehicles and equipment*****..... Aircraft and parts.**.......*..........* Other transportation equipment........ 22,200 83,000 5,100 2.9 8.1 -.3 Instruments and related products*••••••••• 30,200 5.6 Engineering and scientific instruments** Other instruments and related products*• 11,500 18,800 3.6 7.2 In d u s tria l ch em ica ls.............................................. P la s t ic s and s y n th e tic s , excep t g la s s * •••• Drugs........... *.............................................................. .. A g ricu ltu ra l ch em ica ls*......... *............................ Other chem ical p r o d u c t s * * * ..•••••••••••••* 45,900 8,200 21,600 2,200 17,600 -.2 2*4 5.1 3.5 7.4 8,300 6.7 Nonmanufacturing*....... ..........••••••• 238,000 2.0 Mining* ........ *............ ••••*•••••* 24,600 4.4 Petroleum r e f in in g * *...................................••••••• Rubber and m iscella n eou s p la s t ic s p rod u cts*• S tone, c la y , and g la s s p rod u cts**......... ............ Primary metal in d u s t r ie s ................*..................... 20,900 7,700 9,100 32,000 -1.3 2*9 2.2 1.5 Crude petroleum and natural gas.*••••••• Metal mining....... ................. Coal mining*••••••............... ...* Quarrying and nonmetallic mining........ 16,400 3,400 3,100 1,800 7.0 -2.4 -3.8 11.2 B la st furnace and b a s ic s t e e l p rod u cts*••• Other primary metal in d u s tr ie s * ...................... 20,200 11,800 2.0 .8 Contract construction*•••••••••••••.•••*•• Transportation and public utilities...... 41,000 49,200 -.3 3.6 F a bricated metal products* ..................................... M achinery, excep t e l e c t r i c a l ............................ .. 25,100 69,200 8.4 4.6 Engines and tu rb in e s* ••••....................... . . . . * * O f f i c e , com puting, and accou nting machines Farm machinery and equipment*........................... Other machinery....................................................... * 3,900 14,400 7,400 43,600 -.7 4.1 2.7 5.6 Railroad transportation............ ••• Other transportation................. Communication.* *....... ........... . Electric, gas, and sanitary services.*** 5,300 4,200 13,700 26,000 -.3 13.1 1.6 4.2 Wholesale and retail trade*•••••••••..... Finance, insurance, and real estate*•••••• Services.............................. 31,200 4,500 86,500 -1.0 10*6 2.2 E le c t r ic a l equipment and s u p p lie s * •••••••••* 123,200 6.3 Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services...... Medical and dental laboratories*•••••••• Engineering and architectural services*• Other services*•••••••................ 34,100 700 49,800 1,800 6.1 -1.1 -2.2 109.5 1,000 21.5 E le c t r ic d is t r ib u t io n equipment and in d u s t r ia l apparatus.......................................... Household a p p lia n ce s * ...........................................* Communication equipment*•••••••••••••.•••• E le c t r ic lig h tin g and w irin g equipment**** E le c tr o n ic components and a c c e s s o r ie s ......... Radio and t e l e v is io n re c e iv in g sets******* M iscellan eous e l e c t r i c a l equipment and s u p p lie s .................................................................. * 25,300 3,700 55,400 4,200 18,700 10,800 1.9 7.9 10.0 7.4 5.5 -.7 5,100 8.4 Other manufacturing industries*....... . Agricultural services, forestry, and fisheries........................... 1/ Increase, unless otherwise noted* NOTE.— Totals and percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown* 69 Table A-32. Technicians, by industry, January 1962, and percent change from January 1961 Industry All industries................. Manufacturing....................... . Number of technicians, January 1962 Percent change from January 1961 1 / 585,100 2.9 379,500 4.5 Ordnance and accessories............. . Food and kindred products............. Textile mill products................. Lumber and wood products, except furniture...................... ...... Paper and allied products............. Chemicals and allied products......... 14,100 13,900 3,700 8.0 5.0 9.3 1,900 5,700 43,400 -1.4 5.1 9.0 Industrial chemicals................ Plastics and synthetics, except glass Drugs.... ......... .................. Agricultural chemicals.... ......... Othur rhomira1 nrftHurt« 20,800 5,400 5,400 1,000 10 ROO 1.9 22.0 7.0 11.6 IQ XZ7 • 4 Petroleum refining................ . Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products. ................... ......... Stone, clay and glass products........ Primary metal industries. .......... . 9,400 4.5 4,700 4,700 18,900 7.4 3.7 2.6 Blast furnace and basic steel products Other primary metal industries..... 12,200 6,700 5.3 -2.0 24,600 63,400 1.3 4.3 Fabricated metal products............. Machinery, except electrical. ............ 3,700 _1 • o c —x Office, computing, and accounting machines ......... .................... Farm machinery and equipment......... Other machinery...................... 11,200 6,000 42,500 2.6 5.7 5.2 Electrical equipment and supplies ...... 84,900 5.8 20,500 2,700 34,000 2,400 14,200 7,100 4.5 1.7 11.6 6.8 -3.6 5.7 4,100 3.9 1i!n ifi n m o Avis! fnt*Kiviaa Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus.............. Household appliances................ Communication equipment............. Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electronic components and accessories Radio and television receiving sets. Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies....................... IJ Industry Transportation equipment.......... 1.1 Motor vehicles and equipment...• Aircraft and parts.............. Other transportation equipment.• 15,900 36,300 5,600 2.7 1.3 -4.4 Instruments and related products.• 21,300 2.6 Engineering and scientific instruments................... Other instruments and related products............... ....... 8,400 1.5 12,900 3.3 Other manufacturing industries...• 7,200 5.1 Nonmanufacturing.................... . 205,500 .2 10,100 11.9 Crude petroleum and natural gas. Metal mining............ ........ Coal mining.r.rr..Tt.frT...frf.. Quarrying and nonmetallic mining 7.100 1.100 1,200 700 23.1 -9.0 -9.1 5.0 Con tract r.nnstructi on Transportation and public utilities 24,600 44,300 -7.4 -.2 aa am mmA O “4 .L Other transportation .................. Communication.................... Electric, gas* and sanitary services..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,700 3,000 21,200 -15.7 8.3 16,400 -5.8 Wholesale and retail trade........ Finance, insurance,and real estate Services..... ..................... 18,900 2,100 103,800 -4.3 9.7 2.2 36,100 4,100 1.7 -11.0 60,000 3,500 4.2 -7.9 1,700 -7.5 Commercial laboratories; business and management consulting services • • Medical and dental laboratories.. Engineering and architectural services....................... Other .services. ................. . Agricultural services, forestry, and f isherie s .................... . 70 Percent change from January 1961 1 / 57,800 P ai1m Increase unless otherwise noted, NOTE.--Totals and percents have been calculated on the basis of unrounded figures and therefore may not correspond exactly with those indicated by the rounded figures shown. Number of techni cians* January 1962 APPENDIX B SCOPE AND METHOD a n d engineers, the s a m p l e w a s further s u p p l e m e n t e d b y industrial r e This appendix contains a brief discussion of b a c k g r o u n d i n f o r m a tion n e c e s s a r y to the interpretation of the statistical findings-- c o v e r s e arch laboratories e m p l o y i n g 50 or m o r e scientists an d engineers as age and conduct of the survey, nature of the estimates, of M a r c h i960, and small business c o n cerns e m p l o y i n g 10 or m o r e sci definition and classification of data, p r o b l e m s of entists a n d engineers as of June i960. 2 and comparability of the 1962 Certain categories of establishments w e r e eliminated f r o m the survey with earlier surveys. 1 A technical discussion of the sampling s c h e m e , estimating m e t h o d s and p r o b lems, m a s t e r list before the s a m p l e w a s selected, either b ecause a separate sampling variances, and related m atters is contained in appendix C. surv e y of the given category w a s being s ponsored b y the National Sci C o v e r a g e of the S u r v e y ence Foundation or be c a u s e the n u m b e r of scientific and technical p e r sonnel e m p l o y e d w a s believed to be negligible. T h e basic s a m p l e of establishments included in the s u r v e y w a s d r a w n f r o m lists, comp i l e d for the first quarter of 1959, T h e categories of o r ganizations omitted w e r e those classified according to the Standard of estab lishments reporting to State e m p l o y m e n t security agencies for u n Industrial Classification s y s t e m 3 in the following m a j o r industry groups: e m p l o y m e n t c o m p e n s a t i o n purposes, 01 and 02-- f a r m s ; 8 0 - - m e d i c a l and other health services (except 807, s u p p l emen t e d b y a list of interstate railroads and related companies. m e d i c a l and dental laboratories, w h i c h w a s included); 82-- educational T h e s e c o m b i n e d lists services; 8 4 - - m u s e u m s , included approximately 2,150,000 organizations with m o r e than 39 art galleries, and botanical and zoological million e m p l o y e e s and represented the m o s t c o m p r e h e n s i v e roster gardens; 86--nonprofit m e m b e r s h i p organizations; 88 - -private h o u s e of establishments available in the United States. holds; 8 9 - -miscellaneous services (except 891, engineering a nd archi To sample m o r e tectural services, w h i c h w a s included); 91 through 9 4 - - g o v e rnment; and intensively the business organizations k n o w n to e m p l o y scientists 9 9 - - nonclassifiable e s tablishments. 1 T h e earlier reports w e r e conducted for, and published by, the National Science Foundation. See Scientific and T e c h n i c a l P e r s onnel in A m e r i c a n Industry--Report on a 1959 S u r v e y , N § F 1)0-627 Scientific and Technical Pe r s o n n e l in Industry, 1960, N S F 61-75; Scientific and Technical Pe r s o n n e l in Industry, 1961, N S F 63-32 (National Science Foundation). 2Sources: Industrial R e sear c h Laboratories of the United States, No. 844 ( N a t i o n a l * A c a d e m y of Sciences, National R e s e a r c h Council); A List of S m a l l B u s i n e ss C o n c e r n s Interested in P e r f o r m i n g R e s e a r c h an d D e v “e^iopmerrr,"'Tune i960 U. S . D e p a r t m e n t of C o m m e r c e , S mall B u s iness Administration. 3 All industrial classification for this survey w a s in t e r m s of the 1957 Standard Industrial Classification M a n ual. See Standard Industrial C l a s sification ManuaJ., 1957 and the S u p p l e m e n t to 1957 Edition, l958,Lxecutive Office of the President, B u r e a u of the Budget. ri - SCOPE AND METHOD APPENDIX B Establishments b e l o w a specified m i n i m u m size, d e t e r m i n e d A s the result of all the exclusions described a b o v e ,a sampling separately for e a c h m a j o r industry group, w e r e also excluded universe of about 350, 000 establishments e m p l o y i n g nearly 28. 5 f r o m the listing. million w o r k e r s r e m ained. (See table B-l. ) B e c a u s e of the great n u m b e r s Eef o r e the s urvey s a m p l e w a s draw n , of establishments in the smallest size groups, v e r y f e w of w h i c h the universe listing w a s stratified b y region, industry and size of e m p l o y a ny scientists or engineers, these m i n i m u m - s i z e cutoffs establishment. Altogether, a s a m p l e of nearly 15, 000 establishments w e r e essential to the efficiency of the survey. w a s selected at r a n d o m . Altogether, s o m e T h e sampling ratio w a s varied in relation 1. 8 million establishments e m p l o y i n g nearly 10,9 million w o r k e r s to size of establishment and other factors, so as to obtain m a x i m u m w e r e excluded f r o m the original lists of establishments. reliability at m i n i m u m cost. T h e frag In e v e r y c o v e r e d industry, all estab m e n t a r y evidence available suggests that the establishments thus lishments with 1, 000 e m p l o y e e s or m o r e w e r e included in the sample. excluded e m p l o y e d v e r y f e w p e r sons w ork i n g as scientists, engi In other industry-size cells, the sampling ratios r anged f r o m 1 in 1 neers, or technicians. to 1 in 100. In general, the larger the establishment and the greater M o s t of the excluded personnel w e r e engi neers or technicians e m p l o y e d in the construction industry, w h e r e the n u m b e r of technical personnel u s e d b y the industry, the higher a m i n i m u m - s i z e cutoff of 10 e m p l o y e e s w a s n e c e s s a r y bec a u s e of w a s the s a m pling ratio. the difficulty of sampling the e x t r e m e l y large n u m b e r of small In addition to the UI s a m p l e discussed above, the supplemental construction contractors, and the financial and other limitations establishments d r a w n f r o m the lists of interstate railroads, industrial affecting the survey. r e s e a r c h laboratories, and small business conc e r n s p e r f o r m i n g r e Since the u n e m p l o y m e n t insurance (UI) listing of establishments f r o m w h i c h the s a m p l e w a s drawn was search a n d d e v e l o p m e n t w e r e included with a weight of unity an d a d ded c o m p i l e d as of M a r c h 1959, the survey also did not re a c h estab to their appropriate industry-size class, regardless of the s ampling lishments created after that date. ratio use d in the UI s a m p l e for that particular size class. If a supple m e n t a l establishment duplicated a UI s a m p l e unit, it w a s treated as a supplemental unit, with a weight of unity. - 7 APPENDIX B SCOPE AND METHOD TABLE B-l. MINIMUM SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS COVERED BY 1962 SURVEY Industry Ordnance and accessories ................ Food and kindred products................ Textile mill products • ................ Lumber and wood products, except furniture Paper and allied products ................ Chemicals and allied products Industrial chemicals ................ Plastics and synthetics, except glass ..... Drugs................................. Agricultural chemicals ................ Other chemical products................ Petroleum refining........................ Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products . Stone, clay, and glass products............ Primary metal industries Blast furnace and basic metal industries .. Other primary metal industries.......... Fabricated metal products................ Machinery, except electrical Engines and turbines................... Office, computing, and accounting machine s............................. F a r m machinery and equipment......... Other machinery........................ Electrical equipment and supplies Electric distribution equipment and industrial apparatus.................. Household appliances................... Communication equipment............... Electric lighting and wiring equipment. .... Electronic components and accessories . .. Radio and television receiving sets...... Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies............................. Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment .......... SIC Code Minimum size of establish ment covered (number of employees) Industry SIC C o d e 372 373, 374, 375, 379 1 1 381 382,383,384, 385, 386, 387 1 1 19 20 22 24 26 1 10 50 50 10 Aircraft a n d parts..... .................... Other transportation e q u i p m e n t ............ Instruments and related products Engineering a n d scientific instruments Other i nstruments a nd related products • • • 281 282 283 287 284* 285 ,28 6 , 289 291 30 32 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 10 Other ma n u f acturing industries 21 Tobacco manufactures .................... 23 A p p a r e l and other finished products 25 Furniture an d fixtures .................... Printing, publishing, and 27 allied industries.......................... 295, 299 Paving a n d roofing materials ............ 31 Leather and leather products ............ 39 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. . . Min i n g 10 M e t a l m i n i n g * ............................... 11, 12 Co a l m i n i n g ................................. 13 C r u d e p e t r o l e u m and natural gas 14 Qu a r r y i n g and nonmetallic m i n i n g ........ 15-17 Contract construction......................... Transportation an d public utilities 40 Railroad transportation.................... 481,483,482, 489 C o m m u n i c a t i o n ............................ 49 Electric, gas, and sanitary services • 41-47 Other transportation services ........... 50-59 W h o l e s a l e a nd retail t r a d e .................. 60-67 Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e ....... Service s C o m m e r c i a l laboratories; business and 739 m a n a g e m e n t consulting servi c e s ....... 807 M e d i c a l and dental laboratories.......... 891 Engineering a n d architectural services 70-79 (except 7 39),81 Other services............................. Agricultural services, forestry, 07-09 and fisheries............................... 331, 332, 3391 333,334,335, 336, 339 (except 3391 ) 34 351 357 352 353, 354, 355, 356, 358 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 361, 362 363 366 364 367 365 1 1 1 1 1 1 369 1 37 1 - 7 3- Minimum size of establish ment c o v ered ( n u m b e r of employees) 10 10 50 10 1 10 10 10 10 1 10 10 100 1 1 1 50 50 1 1 1 50 50 SCOPE AND METHOD Conduct of the Survey APPENDIX B Primary estimates were obtained, for each industry-size cell, The questionnaire for the survey was identical with that used in as a product of the known March 1959 employment for the cell the 1961 survey, and substantially the same as that used in the 1959 universe and the ratio of the sample total of the primary item to and the i960 surveys. the sample total of March 1959 employment. Copies of the questionnaire and of the cover Prior to the calcula ing and followup letters sent to establishments are reproduced in tion of these estimates, imputations were made for categories of appendix D. item nonrespondents, with the aid of related information from the The questionnaires were mailed to most establishments in the sample in late M arch and early April 1962. In most instances, questionnaires for the establishments in the sample were mailed to headquarters of the companies. Some of the largest establish ments were visited in person to discuss special reporting problems. schedule. Industry and other totals were obtained by summing appropriate cell totals. The secondary estimates were obtained by computing for each cell a ratio of the given component item to the corresponding pri m a r y item, using information only for those establishments supply At least two, but in most cases three, followups were made of all ing data on both items. nonrespondents, by mail or by telephone. by multiplying the ratio by the cell estimate of the related primary About 13,400, or approxi mately 90 percent of those in the sample, supplied usable information. T w o different types of statistical findings were derived from the sample data. One type, designated as primary estimates, included The secondary estimate was then derived item. Sampling errors were computed for estimates based on estab lishments with employment of less than 1, 000. In addition, '’sampling" the following items: Total employment, total scientists and engineers, errors were calculated for industry-size classes composed of estab and total technicians. lishments with 1, 000 employees or mo r e in which some of the estab The second type, called secondary estimates, was components of the primary estimates. lishments were nonrespondents. Since imputations were based on the characteristics exhibited by the respondents, such "sampling" errors could be meaningfully derived under the assumption that SCOPE AND METHOD APPENDIX B nonresponse will vary in its incidence from sample to sample. Addi insofar as possible, with customary personnel accounting practices. tionally, as in all surveys, it should be kept in mind that the data are It was recognized, however, that wide differences in establishment subject to errors in reporting, in editing, and in tabulating. organization and in personnel records among industries, and among The n u m ber of such errors has been reduced insofar as possible by checking establishments in the same industry, would make inevitable some procedures and through correspondence with a number of establishments variation in interpretation and application of the definitions. whose reports were internally inconsistent or appeared to involve mis primarily for this reason that the questionnaire states: "Reasonable interpretations. estimates will be satisfactory." Since all figures in this report are estimated from a sample, the It was The definition of the term "technician" was especially subject to reader is cautioned not to attribute material significance to the exact variation in response. numerical value of any estimate. the meaning of this term, which covers positions with a variety of job Rounded figures are presented throughout the report to emphasize this point. There is as yet no general agreement as to titles differing among establishments. Generally speaking, Consequently, the categories the estimates with the largest numerical values have associated with of personnel included in the figures reported on this item probably them the smallest percentages of probable error. varied somewhat among respondents in the current survey, and Definitions between the current survey and earlier ones. A definition of the desired reporting unit was also provided. The definitions used in this survey, like other parts of the ques This These definition was based by necessity on that used by the UI agencies in the definitions have been developed in consultation with industry repre listing of establishments from which the sample was drawn. 4 Separate sentatives and others have expert knowledge of the field. information was requested for each establishment. tionnaire, were identical with those used in the 1961 survey. The aim was to describe clearly the desired information and also to conform, Since it was known that some multiestablishment companies might find it difficult to supply 4It should be noted that UI reporting procedures permit establish ment reports for units that m a y be statewide or countywide in scope or less than plantwide (e.g., all of a corporation's insurance agents in a given State cited as a separate establishment). -7 SCOPE AND METHOD APPENDIX B the requested figures for eac h separate establishment, it w a s stated The size categories in the survey were based on total establishment on the questionnaire that data might, if necessary, be submitted on a employment as of March 1959. consolidated basis. of establishments compiled as of March 1959 and stratified on the basis of T h e alternative p r o cedure w a s followed b y about 200 c o m p a n i e s with about 900 establishments. It also w a s noted on Since the sample was drawn from a listing establishment employment as of that date, use of these employment figures the questionnaire that multi-industry c o m p a n i e s m i g h t report along as the basis for classification of data in the report greatly simplified the corporate industrial division lines or on other c o m p a r a b l e basis. tabulations. This m e t h o d is generally preferable to a single consolidated c o m p a n y report, f r o m an industry survey viewpoint; only a f e w c o m p a n i e s chose the latter Compara b i l i t y W i t h Pr.evious S u r veys Several changes which affect comparability of data have occurred since alternative. the initial survey of scientific and technical personnel was made in 1959 . Classification of D a t a However, the last two surveys--1961 and 1962--are directly comparable T h e industrial classification of the establishments in this s urvey w ere, insofar as it is possible to control a sample survey. The same sample in general, those assigned by the State e m p l o y m e n t security agencies, of establishments was used, identical questionnaires and definitions were w h i c h developed the list f r o m w h i c h the s a m p l e w a s d rawn. 5 T h e in employed, and usable response to both surveys was about the same (90 dustry categories used w e r e those of the 1957 Standard Industrial C l a s percent). Certain factors which cannot be readily controlled however, sification System. affect comparability. T h e industry of each establishment w a s d e t e r m i n e d by the State a g ency on the basis of principal product or activity. T h e industry code assigned to an establishment w a s c h a n g e d in rela tively f ew cases. W h e r e a consolidated return w a s received, all the data For example, even though the response rate to both surveys was about the same, the responding establishments--particularly those in the small-size cells where the sampling ratio is the greatest*-were not necessarily the same for both years. Alsq reports for the return w e r e classified in the industry in w h i c h the largest p r o p o r from establishments responding to both surveys sometimes indicated a tion of the e m p l o y m e n t s h o w n on the consolidated return fell. change in the interpretation of definitions. 5T h e industry classification of the gr o u p of supplemental establish m e n t s w a s assigned by the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics, U. S. D e p a r t m e n t of Labor. to have had little effect upon the comparability of the data. (See appendix Except for items where very small numbers are involved, these variations in response are believed C for a discussion of sampling and response errors. ) ■\ f; SCOPE AND METHOD APPENDIX B jMlji the present problem, establishment offices are better able to distinguish The surveys conducted prior to 1961 are not completely comparable for a number of technical reasons which m a y affect the overall estimates among individuals with the same or similar position titles, according to of scientific and technical employment and, to a m u c h greater extent, the whether or not they are actually working as engineers, scientists, or estimates of different industries and sizes of companies. technicians. Before 1961, The questionnaire has also undergone major changes since the initial the survey was based on a sample of companies rather than on a sample of establishments. survey was conducted. The change to an establishment reporting system was The 1953-54 and 1956 surveys emphasized ques m a d e primarily to get estimates of scientific and technical employment tions relating to R & D costs. that are mo r e accurately classified by industry. supply only a few overall figures on their scientific and technical staffs. The value of the company- sample surveys in regard to industry estimates was limited, as was noted Beginning with the 1959 survey, a fairly detailed two-way breakdown in the pre-1961 reports, because all employment of a given company was of scientific and technical personnel by occupational group and func classified in the single industry with which the company was primarily associated. For multiple-industry companies, of which there are many, an unknown proportion of scientific and technical personnel were thus classified in industries in which they were not working. tion was introduced. This two-way breakdown remained unchanged for the I960 survey. But in the 1961 survey, and again in 1962, the questionnaire requested separate data on employment of scientists By changing to and engineers, by occupational group, in the "technical sales and an establishment reporting system, an important limitation on the value service" function. of the data has been minimized. 6 In the earlier surveys, respondents were instruc ted to include such personnel in the miscellaneous functional group of "all other activities." However, the relationship between the "all The change to establishment reporting m a y affect comparability with past surveys in other ways. Companies without R & D were requested to other activities" category and the "technical sales and service" cate The objective of these surveys is gory initiated in 1961 casts doubt on the thesis that all technical sales to estimate the number of persons working as scientific or technical personnel, regardless of how they became qualified for their positions. and service personnel were previously classified in "all other activi Similarly, persons with scientific or technical training whose positions ties." Analysis of the data suggests, though not conclusively, that do not require the use of such training were not to be included in the the similarity of some technical service activities to research and reports. development led, in the previous surveys, to some reporting of tech Establishment offices are closer than headquarters offices to nical service personnel as research and development personnel. the individuals for w h o m employment data are requested and, hence, are likely to be able to report with greater accuracy the occupations and func tions in which these persons were actually working. More specifically to ^Although multiple-industry establishments do exist, such cases present m u c h less serious classification problems than do multipleindustry companies, chiefly because such establishments rarely in volve m o r e than a few different industries. -77- APPENDIX C TECHNICAL NOTES General Sampling Scheme The design of the basic sample was that of a stratified random sample of establishments drawn from individual industry-size classes. A more intensive sample of establishments known to employ scien The uni tists and engineers was drawn from a list of industrial research labora verse was that of establishments reporting to each of the 50 State employ tories compiled by the National A c ademy of Sciences— National Research ment security agencies for unemployment insurance (UI) purposes, for Council and from a list of small business concerns interested in perform the first calendar quarter of 1959, and supplemented by a list of interstate ing research and development compiled by the Small Business Administra railroads and related companies as supplied by the Interstate C o m m e r c e tion. Commission. ing 50 scientists and engineers or more as of March I960, and all small Industry classification of establishments was based on in formation available to the State agencies. business concerns with 10 scientists and engineers or more as of June I960. Size classification generally was determined by mid-March 1959 employment. The selection of the sample from the State UI lists-yielded about 15, 000 Sample numbers were allocated among the various strata in accord establishments with March 1959 employment of approximately 10 million ance with the principle of optimum allocation, taking into account the expected response rates by industry and by size. The sample consisted of all industrial research laboratories employ workers, or about 26 percent of all private, nonagricultural employment The overall sample covered by State unemployment insurance. The augmented sample of size was determined so that the 95-percent tolerance band (two relative industrial research laboratories and small business concerns contained standard errors) for the estimate of the total number of scientists and about 750 establishments. engineers for all industries combined would be about 3 percent. Recip The survey was planned primarily as a mail survey with followups rocals of the initially determined sampling ratios were rounded to the by mail, telephone, and personal contact as necessary. nearest one of the following values: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. with earlier surveys had indicated that the response to the mail question Experience Sampling ratios varied from certainty for all establishments with 1, 000 naire would be very high and that bias, if any, among the nonrespondents employees or more to a low of 1 in 100 for small establishments in in would be slight. dustries having relatively few scientists and engineers. All selections were m a d e randomly within the designated strata. -7 APPENDIX C TECHNICAL NOTES Estimating M e t h o d s a nd P r o b l e m s Since all primary and secondary estimates, and their variances, are Estimating M e t h o d s calculated separately for each industry-size stratum, no notation is intro T w o kinds of estimates were derived from the survey--primary and secondary estimates. duced to represent industry or size in the formulas. These are described below. A primary estimate, such as total number of scientists and engineers, The symbols used in the estimating equations are as follows: N Ni = = n2 total number of establishments. total number of establishments on the certainty list, of which Nit give information on a primary item of estimate and N tc give information on both primary and secondary items of estimate. B = employment benchmark (total employment in the UI March 1959 universe). bj = March 1959 UI employment for the i-th sample establishment from the UI listing. iii = primary item of estimate for the i-th establishment on the certainty list. t 2i = January 1961, is a ratio estimate as follows: Nit £ 2 i 11 i + 2 n n^ nc n = = = = + T*o *2 bi A secondary estimate is either a component of, or closely related to, a primary item. It is estimated as follows: Nic 2 n 2C 2 C2i i i secondary item of estimate for the i-th establishm ent on the certainty list. 2 c 1i + t «2 n 2C b u i C 2i = x’ i primary item of estimate, either reported or imputed, for the i-th establishment in the probability sample but not on the certainty list. = = n i N ic cn ^21 B 2 t2 i i secondary item of estimate for the i-th establishment in the probability sample but not on the certainty list. where the summations in the numerators and denominators are for those number of establishments in the designed probability sample from the UI listing of which n2 are not also on the certainty list. items on the schedule. sample establishments reporting both the specific primary and secondary Estimates of totals by industry and for all industries combined are number of establishments in the probability sample responding on the primary item; n ^ is the number not found to be on the certainty list. obtained by summation of the relevant stratum estimates. number of establishments in the probability sample responding on both the primary and the secondary items; n2c is the n u m ber not found to be on the certainty list. Deaths, Mergers, and Consolidations number of establishments in the probability sample but not found to be on the certainty list, reported or imputed to have a primary item of estimate. survey because of changes in company structure. Ma n y special adjustments were made in establishment returns in the Establishments whose schedules were returned with such notations as "out of business" or "moved, -7 APPENDIX C TECHNICAL NOTES no fo r w a r d in g n am e fo r an d fir m s s till lis h m e n t s J a n u a ry in w h ic h 1962 S p e c ia l fo r a d d r e s s ," a d d re ss. In c la s s ifie d w e re to th a n h ave fro m e v e r, th a t so m e lo s t t h e ir c h a n g e s w it h tw o in t h e ir s a m p le w e re a th e m . of O th e r b u s in e s s on B e n c h m a rk fo r b u s in e s s c o n s o lid a t e d e sta b fr o m it s r a t io ) a s m e r g e r s e s t a b lis h m e n t s of b y J a n u a ry 1962 b y w e re b u s in e s s e m p lo y e r in th e w e re not su rv e y a b le o r g a n iz a t io n , o r fr o m o r g a n iz a t io n . u n e m p lo y m e n t u n it s th e th e to but m o re . th e su rv e y s a m p le , S in c e in s u r a n c e id e n t if ic a t io n h ave th e p re p a re th e n u m b e rs, it sa m e C o m p a n ie s re p o rts r e t u r n in g su c h T h e H o w fo r e a ch th e in w e ig h t c e ll w it h s e le c tio n th e of e a ch s c h e d u le s w e re a sk e d to lis t th e n a m e s o f a ll (r e c ip r o c a l an d sa m e F o r it e m s th e re m o v e d o f th e s a m p lin g ad d e d to th e w e ig h t. th o se by w a s b e n c h In o th e r r e p la c e d c o n s o lid a t e d w e re e d it e d to in th e z e ro . a re s y m b o ls v a r ia n c e s c ie n tis ts an d w a s a ls o a re of a d e t e r m in e d . u se d in th e d e fin e d o f le v e l la r g e of a e n g in e e r s, fo r a p r o p o r tio n T h e v a r ia n c e a s o f th e s y m b o ls fo r m u la s p r im a r y u se d an d e a r lie r g iv e n in b e lo w . n e c e ssa ry . p r im a r y g iv e n a m o u n t, in d u s t r y su c h s iz e a s th e stra tu m n u m b e r is of a p p r o x i m a t e ly : re tu rn s c o n s o li e s t a b lis h m e n t s c o v e re d s a m p le ) e s t a b lis h m e n t w a s p a re n t. “ nt ( T '2 )2 d a te d th e th e e s t a b lis h m e n t a c c u ra c y e s t im a t e s a p p e n d ix A d d it io n a l w a s id e n t it ie s . c o n s o lid a t e d th is of s e le c tin g e s t a b lis h m e n t it w a s e s t a b lis h m e n t , p a re n t in d iv id u a l s a m p lin g se c o n d a ry of file s se p a ra te s u b m it t e d s a m p le m a s te r of o th e r not V a r ia n c e s T h e it s e lf, p r o b a b ility o r p a re n t o f th e p r o b a b ility e v e ry c e ll w it h o f th e e m p lo y m e n t S a m p lin g a r is in g c e ll fo r (w h e th e r c o r r e s p o n d in g o r ig in a l w e re re p o rt o f th e w o rd s, and w h ic h e m p lo y m e n t fo u n d m a r k id e n t it ie s p r o b le m fro m u n it s to out w e re d e a th s. S u ch se p a ra te be in f o r m a t io n a d d r e ss e s se n t to d e v is e d fir m s . se p a ra te c o m p a n ie s w e re b u s in e s s c u rre n t an d c a se s. in d ra w n m o re n a m e s d e t e r m in e d o th e r p re se n te d r e p o r tin g e s t a b lis h m e n t c o v e r in g to w a s e s t a b lis h m e n t s in te n d e d s o ld fo r new s c h e d u le s a s o u t -o f-b u s in e s s e s t a b lis h m e n t s o f an d d e fin it e ly p ro c e d u re s C o n s o lid a t io n s ra th e r ch e c k e d c a se s, c la s s ifie d e d it in g a s w e re fe w b u s in e s s w e re e s t a b lis h m e n t s d e t e r m in e d a (V ? 2Vth ) c o v e re d N nt b y th e re tu rn . T o m a in t a in an u n b ia s e d e s t im a t io n p ro c e d u re , b e n c h m a rk w h e re e m p lo y m e n t (M a r c h 1959) t p t a ls w e re a d ju ste d fo r d a ta w e re in c lu d e d on a ll c e lls in w h ic h a re w e re O n e s t a b lis h m e n t s th e p a re n t b a s is o f in fo r m a t io n e s t a b lis h m e n t s o lid a t e d w h o se re tu rn w e re w a s fu r n is h e d d e s ig n a t e d in c lu d e d in th e w it h fo r o r e a ch on c o n s o lid a t e d th e su c h in d u s t r y -s iz e c la s s D a ta o f th e a re r e l-v a r ia n c e s , and V tb is th e r e l- c o v a r ia n c e , and d e fin e d a s f o llo w s : re tu rn s. c o n s o lid a t e d re p o rt. V t2 a n d th e re re tu rn , on th e p a re n t a nt I c o n t 2 nt a 2 t re p o rt. . w it h t = ___ nt - 8 0 - 2 t i APPENDIX C TECHNICAL NOTES T h e s u m m a t io n th e c e r t a in t y n u m b e r is not of is o v e r lis t w h ic h s c ie n tis ts a ls o on th e th e e n t ir e w e re and stra tu m s e le c te d e n g in e e r s c e r t a in t y lis t . in c lu d in g a ls o in th e re p o rte d If th e b y e s t a b lis h m e n t s U I an s a m p le , and e s t a b lis h m e n t , e s t a b lis h m e n t is a ls o on in T h e ti is if r e la tiv e sta n d a rd e r r o r s lis t , re p o rte d . ti =0 V|> i s r e g a r d le s s e x p re sse d in o f th e s im ila r n u m b e r of fa s h io n s c ie n tis ts w it h b i an d e m p lo y m e n t fo r e a ch s a m p le e s ta b lis h m e n t e q u a l to w it h o u t to is on th e c e r t a in t y lis t . T h e r e l-c o v a r ia n c e 1959 g e n e r a l, T h e n tt t ib i th e b an d e n g in e e r s stra tu m , is in of t a se c o n d a ry re s e a rc h a p p r o x im a t e d K an d it e m , su ch d e v e lo p m e n t b a s fo r th e a n u m b e r g iv e n of s c ie n tis ts in d u s t r y -s iz e by: - n c ( 0 '2 ) J (V * + V* - a s im ila r 2V o b ) Nnc th e th e r e l- v a r ia n c e s c o r r e s p o n d in g an d te r m s in r e l- c o v a r ia n c e th e h o ld r e la tiv e is a r u le , lik e ly th at th e y a re th e net a g g re g a te s. fo r th e e r r o r s la r g e r e ffe c t H e n ce , 1 b ------------------------ w it h it A s s m a lle r s h o u ld v a r ia n c e th e o th e r e s tim a te s . a re la r g e r fo r fo r s m a lle r th e s m a lle r s iz e is V tb t e x p r e s s io n s w h e th e r tio n , I - p r im a r y of re sp o n se a g g re g a te s. e r r o r s is In la r g e r a d d i fo r n t 1 n-t a T ' c la s s e s . tftb fo r CT^ i In it f o llo w s ___ — e n g in e e r s M a r c h re g a r d a s it A n a lo g o u s U I d e fin e d th e e>p i c e r t a in t y a re e s t im a t e : v a r ia n c e d e fin e d fo r in p r im a r y w ay , e s tim a te s . to be u se d w it h c a u t io n . s m a lle r an d m o re d e t a ile d fig u r e s Q U ESTIO N N A IR E A P P EN D IX Q U ESTIO N N AIRE O C C U P A T IO N A L C O VERIN G DEFINITIONS LETTERS - 8 2 - QUESTIONNAIRE APPENDIX D B.L.S. No. 2716-A Budget Bureau No. 44-R1157.1. Approval expires December 31, 1962. T E R M S P R IN T E D IN H E A V Y C A P IT A L S A R E D E F IN E D . P LEA SE R E A D D E F IN IT IO N S C A R EFU LLY 2. P le a s e e n te r b e lo w in c o lu m n ( 1 ) , lin e A th e to ta l n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s o n th e p a y r o l l ( s ) o f th e R E P O R T I N G U N I T w o r k in g as S C I E N T I S T S an d E N G I N E E R S in J a n u a r y 1962. A T h is sh ou ld b e th e sa m e a s th e e n tr y f o r J a n u a r y 1962 in q u e s tio n l b on p a g e 1. In th e r e m a in in g c o lu m n s an d lin e s e n te r th e n u m b e r o f th o s e s c ie n tis ts an d e n g in e e r s e n g a g e d in th e o c cu p a tio n s an d fu n c t io n s sh o w n in w h ic h th e y s p e n t th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f th e ir tim e. C ou n t ea c h in d iv id u a l o n ly o n ce. P le a se Surve y o f e x a m in e th e s a m p le on p a g e 6 b e f o r e a n s w e r in g th is q u e stio n . in f o r m a t io n a s y o u ca n . SCIENTIFIC A N D TECHNICAL PERSONNEL IN INDUSTRY: 1962 Your reply will be held in STRICT CONFIDENCE PRIMARY FUNCTION—JANUARY 1962 (Classify individuals according to the function occupying the greatest proportion of their time.) OCCUPATION (Personnel working in bor derline specializations, such as biochemistry, should be classified in the listed occu pations with which their work is most closely identi fied.) C o n d u c t e d b y th e U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR I f y o u c a n n o t s u p p ly a ll th e d e ta il r e q u e ste d , e n te r a s m u ch TOTAL EMPLOYED IN ALL FUNCTIONS (1) MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ADMINIS Performance AND ADMINIS AND TRATION of of RESEARCHTRATION of activities other RESEARCHDEVELOPMENT than researchDEVELOPMENT development (2) (3) (4) TECHNICAL SALES AND SERVICE PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS ALL OTHER ACTIVI TIES (5) (•) (7) B ureau o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s I n fo r m a t io n s u p p lie d o n th is f o r m w ill b e se e n o n ly b y s w o r n R e a s o n a b le e s tim a te s w ill b e s a t is f a c t o r y . w h e r e a p p r o p r ia te , o r “ n o t a v a ila b le ,” i f s u ch is th e c a s e , r a th e r th a n le a v e a q u e s t io n u n a n sw e r e d . D a t a sh o u ld a p p ly , i f p o s p lie d w ill b e r e le a s e d . s ib le , t o th e p a y p e r io d e n d in g n e a r e s t J a n u a r y 15. I f e x t r a c o p ie s o f th e q u e s t io n n a ir e w o u ld be h e lp fu l, th e y m a y b e o b t a in e d o n r e q u e st. PLEASENOTE.—Ifyouemployanyscientists,engineers, ortechnicians,pleasecompletetheentirequestionnaire,sup plyingasmuchinformationaspossible. Ifyoudonotemploy anyscientists,engineers,ortechnicians,answeronlyHem 1 below. A . T o ta l S C I E N T I S T S and E N G IN E E R S P le a s e e n te r “ 0 ” e m p lo y e e s o f th e B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a tis t ic s . O n ly s ta tis tic a l su m m a rie s th a t p r e s e r v e th e c o n fid e n tia lity o f th e d a ta su p b. E N G IN E E R S ( a ll t y p e s ) . C O M M IS S IO N E R O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R O F R E P O R T IN G | c. C h e m i s t s ........................ Y o u r r e p l y t o th is q u e s t io n n a ir e sh o u ld b e r e s tr ic te d , i f p o s s ib le , to th e u n it id e n tifie d a t le f t . S in c e th is s u r v e y is b a s e d on a sa m p le o f u n its, m u lti-u n it c o m p a n ie s m a y r e c e iv e m o r e th a n o n e q u e s t io n n a ir e . I f it is n o t fe a s ib le t o s u p p ly s e p a r a t e fig u re s f o r e a c h u n it, p le a se f o llo w o n e o f th e a lte r n a tiv e s d e s cr ib e d in th e d e fin itio n o f r e p o r t in g u n it o n p a g e 3. In a n y c a s e , d e s c r ib e th e c o v e r a g e o f th e r e p o r t b y c o m p le t in g item 7, p a g e 3. H E A V Y C A P IT A L S A R E D E F IN E D . . . . O N P A G E S 3 A N D e . M e ta llu r g is ts . . . f . G e o lo g is t s a n d g e o p h y s ic is t s . . . g. M ATHEM A T I C I A N S ........................ (C h a n g e a d d r e s s i f in c o r r e c t ) IN . U N IT I T E R M S . W a s h in g t o n 25 , D .C . d. P h y s ic is ts ID E N T IF IC A T IO N . M a il c o m p le te d q u e s t io n n a ir e t o : h. M E D IC A L S C IE N T I S T S (E x c lu d e p r a c t it io n e r s ) . . . i. A G R I C U L T U R A L SC IE N T IST S . . . j . B IO L O G I C A L SC IE N T IST S . 4 . . k. O th e r S C I E N T I S T S ( P le a s e s p e c ify ): 1. A . T o ta l e m p lo y m e n t: E n te r th e to ta l n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s o n th e p a y r o l l ( s ) o f th e R E P O R T I N G U N I T (in c lu d e b o t h f u ll- a n d p a r t - t im e e m p l o y e e s ) .............................. b. S C I E N T I S T S a n d E N G I N E E R S : E n te r th e to ta l n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s in c lu d e d in 1 A a b o v e w h o w e r e w o r k in g a s S C I E N T I S T S o r E N G I N E E R S ........................................... c. T E C H N I C I A N S : E n te r th e to ta l n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s in c lu d e d in 1 A a b o v e w h o w e r e w o r k in g as T E C H N I C I A N S ............................................................................................................. d. A ll o th e r e m p lo y e e s ( 1 A m in u s l b a n d l c ) . 3. A p p r o x im a t e ly h o w m a n y o f th e S C I E N T I S T S an d E N G I N E E R S p e r f o r m in g o r a d m in is te r in g R E S E A R C H - ........................................................................ D E V E L O P M E N T in J a n u a r y 1962 (s u m o f c o lu m n s ( 2 ) an d ( 3 ) a b o v e ) s p e n t th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r tio n o f th e ir tim e w o r k in g o n B A S I C R E S E A R C H ? ........................................................................................................................................................................................... I F Y O U E M P L O Y A N Y S C I E N T I S T S , E N G I N E E R S , o r T E C H N I C I A N S ( e n t r ie s in l b o r l c ) , P L E A S E C O M P L E T E E N T IR E F O R M . COM PLETE O N L Y T H IS P A G E IF A N S W E R S T O B O T H l b an d l c A R E Z E R O . N a m e an d title o f p e r s o n t o be a d d r e s s e d i f q u e s t io n s a r is e c o n c e r n in g th is r e p o r t : 2 - 8 APPENDIX D QUESTIONNAIRE 7 : I , | i; j ■ ________ _______________ _________________________ J ___ ■: . .1 . : l 1____. T E R M S P R IN T E D IN H EA V Y C A P IT A L S A R E D E F IN E D . P LE A SE R E A D D E F IN IT IO N S C A R EF U LLY D E F IN IT IO N S 4. O f th e to ta l S C I E N T I S T S a n d E N G I N E E R S e n te r e d in c o lu m n ( 1 ) , lin e A o f ite m 2, p le a s e g iv e n u m b e r e m p lo y e d f u ll tim e in th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T an d in th e M A N A G E M E N T A N D A D M I N I S T R A T I O N o f R E S E A R C H D E V E L O P M E N T p lu s F U L L - T I M E E Q U I V A L E N T o f th o se w o r k in g p a r t tim e in th e s e a c tiv it ie s . (I n c lu d e a ll tim e s p e n t in th e s e a c tiv it ie s r e g a r d le s s o f p r im a r y fu n c tio n c a t e g o r y in w h ic h in d iv id u a ls w e r e p la c e d in item 2 .) N ote .— If the total full-time equivalent of SCIENTISTS and ENGINEERS enKaKed in RESEARCH-DEVELOPMENT (item 4C) is believed to be about the same, i.e., within 5 percent, as the sum of columns (2) and (3) of item 2. do not answer items 4A and 4B. In such case, enter the sum of columns (2) and (3) of item 2 in item 4C. A . N u m b e r e m p lo y e d f u ll tim e in th e p e r f o r m a n c e o r a d m in is tr a tio n o f B. F U L L -T IM E E Q U IV A L E N T of th o s e w o r k in g p a r t tim e in th e R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T p e rfo rm a n ce ......................... — -....... -......... o r a d m in is tr a tio n R E P O R T I N G U N I T .— I f p o s s ib le , th is q u e s t io n n a ir e s h o u ld b e c o m p le te d f o r th e u n it id e n tifie d o n p a g e 1, in c lu d in g la b o r a t o r ie s a t ta c h e d to th e u n it ( u n le s s a s e p a r a t e q u e s t io n n a ir e h a s b e e n r e c e iv e d f o r a la b o r a t o r y ). T h e u n it id e n tifie d is u s u a lly e n g a g e d in o n ly o n e , o r p r e d o m in a n tly on e, in d u s tr y o r o th e r t y p e o f e c o n o m ic a c t iv it y , an d in m o s t c a s e s r e fe r s t o o n e e s ta b lis h m e n t a t a s in g le p h y s ic a l lo c a t i o n ; h o w e v e r , i f th e g e o g r a p h ic a l d e s ig n a t io n o f th e r e p o r t in g u n it is S t a te w id e , th e r e p o r t sh o u ld in c lu d e a ll e s ta b lis h m e n t s w it h in th e d e s ig n a t e d S ta te . I f p o s s ib le , th e u n it s h o u ld c o r r e s p o n d t o th a t r e p o r te d t o th e S t a te Ifitisnotfeasible'tosupplyseparatefiguresforthe unitidentifiedonpage1,pleasefollowoneofthealternativesdescribedbelow. AlternativeA. E m p lo y m e n t S e c u r it y A g e n c y f o r u n e m p lo y m e n t c o m p e n s a tio n p u rp oses. A lt e r n a t iv e A is p r e f e r a b le t o A lt e r n a t iv e B . In a n y c a s e , p le a s e d e s c r ib e th e u n i t ( s ) c o v e r e d b y th e r e p o r t b y c o m p le t in g ite m 7 o n p a g e 3. I f y o u r c o m p a n y r e c e iv e d q u e s t io n n a ir e s f o r m o r e th a n o n e u n it a n d y o u c a n n o t s u p p ly a s e p a r a t e r e p o r t f o r e a c h u n it, g r o u p t o g e t h e r th o s e q u e s t io n n a ir e s w h ic h h a v e th e s a m e in d u s t r y c la s s ific a tio n c o d e n u m b e r p r in te d to th e r ig h t o f th e of R E S E A R C H - D E V E L O P M E N T ............................................................................................................................................................ C. T o ta l ( m a y o r m a y n o t a g r e e w it h th e su m o f c o lu m n s ( 2 ) a n d ( 3 ) o f ite m 2 ( In o rd e r o f fir st u se o f t e r m ) u n it id e n tific a tio n , a n d m a k e o n e r e p o r t f o r ea c h su ch g r o u p . to in d ic a te th e u n its in c lu d e d in e a c h in d u s tr y r e p o r t . ) ................................................ ■■ 5. P le a s e e n te r b e lo w in lin e A th e to ta l n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s on th e p a y r o l l ( s ) o f th e R E P O R T I N G U N I T w o r k in g as T E C H N I C I A N S . T h is s h o u ld b e th e s a m e a s th e e n tr y f o r J a n u a r y 1962 in lin e l c o n p a g e 1. In th e s u c c e e d in g lin e s e n t e r th e n u m b e r o f th o se AlternativeB. U s e a n y o f th e q u e s t io n n a ir e s r e c e iv e d , c o m p le t in g ite m 7 o n p a g e 3 I f y o u c a n n o t s u p p ly in f o r m a t io n f o r e a c h o f th e u n its f o r w h ic h q u e s t io n n a ir e s w e r e r e ce iv e d , a n d A lt e r n a tiv e A is n o t f e a s ib le , m a k e o n e report fo r in w h ic h y o u r c o m p a n y is a c tiv e . I n c lu d e r e p o r t in g u n its f o r w h ic h y o u r e c e iv e d q u e s t io n n a ir e s a n d a ll o t h e r u n its o f y o u r c o m p a n y . C o m p le te ite m 7 o n p a g e 3 in e a c h c a s e t o in d ic a te companywide eachindustry th e c o v e r a g e o f th e r e p o r t . T E C H N I C I A N S e n g a g e d in e a c h o f th e in d ic a te d o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s . January 1962 O C C U P A T IO N A L S C I E N T I S T S .— C o u n t a s s c ie n tis ts A . T o ta l T E C H N I C I A N S .................................................................................................................................................................................... a ll p e r s o n s a c tu a lly b . D r a f t s m e n ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... th e in d ic a te d le v e l o f k n o w le d g e in t h e ir w o r k . c. E n g in e e r in g and p h y s ic a l s c ie n c e r e q u ir in g th e u s e o f s u ch tr a in in g . t e c h n i c i a n s ................................................................................................................... e. O th e r t e c h n i c i a n s .................................................................................................................................................................................... 7. P le a s e e n te r th e f o l lo w in g in f o r m a t io n p e r t a in in g t o e a c h u n it c o v e r e d b y th is r e p o r t : A ddress of E a c h U n i I nclu ded ( S e e d e fin itio n o f P r in c ip a l P roduct or A c tiv ity ok R epo rtin g U n it D o n o t in c lu d e p e r s o n s t r a in e d in s c ie n c e b u t c u r r e n tly e m p lo y e d in p o s itio n s n o t E x c lu d e p s y c h o l o g i s t s a n d s o c ia l s c ie n tis ts . E N G I N E E R S .— C o u n t a s e n g in e e r s a ll p e r s o n s a c tu a lly e n g a g e d in c h e m ic a l, c iv il, e le c tr ic a l, m e c h a n ic a l, m e ta llu r g ic a l, a n d all o th e r t y p e s o f e n g in e e r in g w o r k a t a le v e l w h ic h r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f e n g in e e r in g , p h y s ic a l, lif e , o r m a th e m a tic a l s c ie n c e s e q u iv a le n t a t le a s t t o t h a t a c q u ir e d th r o u g h c o m p le tio n o f a 4 - y e a r c o l l e g e c o u r s e w it h a m a jo r in o n e o f th e s e field s, r e g a r d l e s s o f w h e th e r t h e y h o ld a c o lle g e d e g r e e in th e field . In c lu d e th o s e p e r s o n s in r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t, p r o d u c tio n , m a n a g e m e n t, te c h n ic a l s e r v ic e , te c h n ic a l sa le s , a n d o th e r p o s it io n s w h ic h r e q u ir e th e m t o u se th e in d ic a te d le v e l o f k n o w le d g e in th e ir w o r k . D o n o t in c lu d e p e r s o n s tr a in e d in e n g in e e r in g , b u t c u r r e n t ly e m p lo y e d in p o s it io n s n o t r e q u ir in g th e u se o f su ch t r a in in g . I n c lu d e d. M e d ica l, a g r ic u lt u r a l, a n d b i o lo g ic a l t e c h n i c i a n s ................................................................................................................... 6. O f th e to ta l T E C H N I C I A N S r e p o r te d in ite m 5, h o w m a n y s p e n t th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f th e ir tim e in R E S E A R C H - D E V E L O P M E N T ? .................................................................................................................................................................. G R O U P S e n g a g e d in s c ie n tific w o r k a t a le v e l w h ic h r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f p h y s ic a l, lif e , e n g in e e r in g , o r m a th e m a tic a l s c ie n c e s e q u iv a le n t a t le a s t t o t h a t a c q u ir e d th r o u g h c o m p le tio n o f a 4 - y e a r c o lle g e c o u r s e w it h a m a jo r in o n e o f th e s e fie ld s, r e g a r d le s s o f w h e th e r th e y h o ld a c o lle g e d e g r e e in th e field . In c lu d e th o s e p e r s o n s in r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t, p r o d u c tio n , m a n a g e m e n t, t e c h n ic a l s e r v ic e , t e c h n ic a l sa le s , a n d o th e r p o s itio n s w h ic h r e q u ir e th e m t o u se a r c h ite c tu r a l e n g in e e r s ; e x c lu d e a r c h ite c ts . ...................... r e p o r t in g u n it .) T otal E m p l o y m e n t of R epo rting U n it — J a n u a r y 1960 (This figure needed for technical reasons in making national estimates.) T E C H N I C I A N S .— C o u n t a s t e c h n ic ia n s a ll p e r s o n s a c t u a lly e n g a g e d in te c h n ica l w o r k a t a le v e l w h ic h r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f p h y s ic a l, lif e , e n g in e e r in g , o r m a th e m a tic a l s c ie n c e s c o m p a r a b le to k n o w le d g e a c q u ire d th r o u g h te c h n ic a l in s tit u t e , ju n i o r c o lle g e , o r o t h e r f o r m a l p o s t - h ig h s c h o o l tr a in in g le s s e x te n s iv e th a n 4 - y e a r c o lle g e tr a in in g , o r th r o u g h e q u iv a le n t o n - t h e -jo b tr a in in g o r e x p e r ie n c e . S o m e ty p ic a l j o b t it le s a r e : L a b o r a t o r y a s s is ta n t, p h y s ic a l s c ie n ce a id , an d e le c tr o n ic te c h n icia n . In c lu d e all p e r s o n s w o r k in g a s d r a fts m e n . A ll e m p lo y e e s in p o s itio n s r e q u ir in g th e in d ic a te d le v e l o f k n o w le d g e sh o u ld be in c lu d e d r e g a r d l e s s o f j o b title a n d c o m p a n y d e p a r tm e n t in w h ic h e m p lo y e d . E x c lu d e c r a ft s m e n s u ch a s m a ch in is ts a n d e le c tr ic ia n s . M A T H E M A T I C I A N S .— C ou n t a s m a th e m a ticia n s o n ly th o s e p e r s o n s w h o s e p o s itio n r e q u ir e s k n o w le d g e o f m a th e m a tic s e q u iv a le n t a t le a s t t o th a t a c q u ir e d t h r o u g h a 4 - y e a r c o lle g e c o u r s e w it h a m a jo r in m a th e m a tic s a n d w h o sp en d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f t h e ir tim e in d e v e lo p m e n t o r a p p lic a tio n o f m a th e m a tic a l te c h n iq u e s . In c lu d e a c tu a r ie s an d m a th e m a tic a l a n a ly s ts . is tic ia n s a n d p r o g r a m e r s f o r c o m p u t e r s o n ly i f th e y s p e c ia liz e in m a th e m a tic a l te c h n iq u e s . In c lu d e s t a t E x c lu d e a c c o u n ta n ts . M E D I C A L S C I E N T I S T S .— C o u n t a s m e d ic a l s c ie n tis ts o n ly t h o s e p h y s ic ia n s , d e n tis ts , p u b lic h e a lth s p e c ia lis ts , p h a r m a c is ts , a n d m e m b e r s o f o t h e r sc ie n tific p r o f e s s io n s c o n c e r n e d w it h th e u n d e r s ta n d in g o f h u m a n d is e a s e s a n d im p r o v e m e n t o f h u m a n h e a lth , w h o sp e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f t h e ir tim e in c lin ic a l in v e s tig a tio n an d o th e r r e s e a r c h , p r o d u c tio n , t e c h n ic a l w r it in g , a n d r e la te d a c tiv it ie s . E x c lu d e p e r s o n s w h o s p e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f th e ir tim e in p r o v id in g c a r e t o p a t ie n ts , d is p e n s in g d r u g s o r s e r v ic e s , d ia g n o s is , e tc ., f r o m a ll fig u r e s on s c ie n tis ts an d e n g in e e r s . P e r s o n s w o r k in g a s p a t h o lo g is t s , m ic r o b io lo g is t s , p h a r m a c o lo g is t s , e tc ., s h o u ld b e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e fig u r e s o n m e d ic a l s c ie n tis ts a n d in c lu d e d in th e fig u r e s o n b i o lo g ic a l s c ie n tis ts . A G R I C U L T U R A L S C I E N T I S T S .— C o u n t a s a g r ic u ltu r a l s c ie n tis ts a ll p e r s o n s w h o s p e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f t h e ir tim e in u n d e r s ta n d in g a n d im p r o v in g a g r ic u ltu r a l p r o d u c tiv ity , su ch a s th o s e w o r k in g in a g r o n o m y , a n im a l h u s b a n d r y , f o r e s t r y , h o r t i c u ltu r e , ran ge m a n a g e m e n t, s o il c u ltu r e , and v e te r in a r y sc ie n c e . Do n o t in c lu d e v e t e r in a r ia n s w h o a r e p r im a r ily engaged in p r o v i d in g c a r e t o a n im a ls. B I O L O G I C A L S C I E N T I S T S .— C o u n t a s b i o lo g ic a l s c ie n tis ts a ll p e r s o n s w h o w o r k in sc ie n c e s w h ic h d ea l w it h l if e p r o c e s s e s , o th e r th a n t h o s e c la s s ifie d a s a g r ic u ltu r a l an d m e d ic a l s c ie n ce s . l o g is t s , t o x ic o lo g is t s , b o t a n is ts , z o o l o g is t s , etc . 3 4 I n c lu d e p a t h o lo g is t s , m ic r o b io lo g is t s , p h a r m a c o lo g is t s , b a c t e r io QUESTIONNAIRE P R IM A R Y APPENDIX D Abbreviatedsampleofcompleteditem2. F U N C T IO N S E n t r ie s in c o lu m n s ( 2 ) th r o u g h ( 7 ) a d d h o r iz o n ta lly t o c o r r e s p o n d in g e n tr ie s in c o l um n (1 ). S im ila r ly , e n tr ie s in lin e s b th r o u g h k a d d v e r t ic a lly t o c o r r e s p o n d in g e n tr ie s in lin e A . F r a c tio n s a n d p e r c e n ta g e s a re n o t u sed , a n d “ 0 ” is e n te r e d in a ll sp a c e s w h ic h d o n o t a p p ly to t h e r e p o r t in g u n it. I n th is illu s t r a tio n , c o lu m n h e a d in g s h a v e been o m itt e d . R E S E A R C H -D E V E L O P M E N T .— In c lu d e in t h is fu n c t io n th o s e s c ie n tis ts an d e n g in e e r s w h o s p e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f t h e ir tim e in b a s ic a n d a p p lie d r e s e a r c h in th e n a tu r a l sc ie n c e s ( in c lu d in g m e d ic in e ) an d e n g in e e r in g , an d in th e d e s ig n a n d d e v e l op m e n t o f p r o t o t y p e s an d p r o c e s s e s . D o n o t in c lu d e p e r s o n s w h o sp e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f t h e ir tim e in q u a lity c o n t r o l, r o u t in e p r o d u c t te s tin g , m a r k e t r e s e a r c h , sa le s p r o m o tio n , sa le s s e r v ic e , o r o th e r n o n te c h n ic a l a c t iv it ie s o r te c h n ic a l se r v ic e s . I f th e p r im a r y o b je c t iv e is to m a k e f u r t h e r im p r o v e m e n ts o n th e p r o d u c t s o r p r o c e s s , th e n th e w o r k is r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t. I f, on th e o th e r h a n d , th e p r o d u c t o r p r o c e s s is s u b s t a n tia lly “ s e t ,” a n d th e p r i m a r y o b je c t iv e is t o d e v e lo p m a r k e ts , d o p r e p r o d u c tio n PRIMARY FUNCTION OCCUPATION p la n n in g , o r g e t th e p r o d u c tio n p r o c e s s g o in g s m o o th ly , th e n th e w o r k is n o l o n g e r r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t. E n te r in c o lu m n ( 2 ) o f ite m 2, th e n u m b e r o f s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s w h o sp e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f th e ir tim e p e r f o r m in g r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t a c tiv it ie s , s p e c ific a lly in c lu d in g a ll s u p e r v is o r s w h o s p e n d m o r e tim e o n a c tu a l r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t w o r k th a n on a d m in is tr a tio n o f r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t. T h e n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s w h o s p e n d m o r e tim e o n a d m in is tr a tio n o f r e s e a r c h -d e (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) <«) (7) 379 ii2 30 11 5 165 56 A . T o ta l S C I E N T I S T S and E N G IN E E R S v e lo p m e n t th a n o n a c tu a l r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t w o r k sh o u ld b e e n t e r e d in c o lu m n ( 3 ) o f ite m 2. M A N A G E M E N T A N D A D M I N I S T R A T I O N .— C o lu m n ( 3 ) a n d c o lu m n ( 4 ) o f ite m 2 sh ou ld in c lu d e a ll p e r s o n s w h o sp en d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f th e ir tim e in m a n a g e r ia l o r a d m in is tr a tiv e w o r k f o r w h ic h a s c ie n tific a n d e n g in e e r in g b a c k g r o u n d c o n s is te n t w ith th e a b o v e d e fin itio n s o f s c ie n tis ts an d e n g in e e r s is n o r m a lly r e q u ir e d . E n te r th e n u m b e r o f s c ie n tis ts an d e n g in e e r s e n g a g e d in a d m in is te r in g r e s e a r c h -d e v e lo p m e n t in c o lu m n ( 3 ) o f ite m 2. E n t e r in c o lu m n ( 4 ) o f ite m 2 th e n u m b e r o f s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s e n g a g e d in a d m in is te r in g te c h n ica l sa le s an d s e r v ic e , p r o d u c tio n an d o p e r a tio n s , a n d a ll o t h e r p h a s e s o f e n g in e e r in g a n d sc ie n tific w o r k . D o n o t in c lu d e s u p e r v is o r s w h o s p e n d m o r e t im e o n o n e o f th e f u n c t io n s o t h e r th a n m a n a g e m e n t a n d a d m in is tra tio n . b. E N G IN E E R S . 34 0 100 25 10 5 150 50 c. C h e m i s t s ...................... 36 10 5 1 0 15 5 . 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 k . O th e r S C I E N T I S T S . 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 . . T E C H N I C A L S A L E S A N D S E R V I C E .— E n te r in c o lu m n ( 5 ) o f ite m 2 th e n u m b e r o f s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s in c lu d e d in c o l u m n ( 1 ) w h o a r e p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in te c h n ic a l s a le s w o r k a n d / o r in p r o v i d in g te c h n ic a l s e r v ic e s d ir e c t ly t o c u s t o m e r s . In c lu d e o n ly th o s e p e r s o n s w h o q u a lif y a s s c ie n t is t s a n d e n g in e e r s a c c o r d in g t o th e a b o v e d e fin itio n s o f s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s , an d w h o se w o r k in v o lv e s c o n t a c t w it h c u s t o m e r s . D o n o t in c lu d e in c o lu m n ( 5 ) p e r s o n s e n g a g e d in p r o v i d in g te c h n ic a l s e r v ic e t o a n o th e r p a r t o f th e p a r e n t c o m p a n y . S c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s e n g a g e d in a d m in is tr a tio n an d m a n a g e m e n t o f t e c h n ic a l s a le s a n d se r v ic e j. a c tiv it ie s sh o u ld b e c o u n te d in c o lu m n ( 4 ) o f ite m 2. A L L O T H E R A C T I V I T I E S .— E n t e r in c o lu m n ( 7 ) o f ite m 2 th e n u m b e r o f s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s w h o sp en d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r tio n o f t h e ir tim e in f u n c t io n s n o t f a ll in g w it h in o n e o f th e o th e r c a t e g o r ie s in c o lu m n s ( 2 ) t h r o u g h ( 6 ) o f ite m 2 ; s o m e e x a m p le s a r e e x p lo r a t io n ( lo c a t i n g f u e ls a n d o th e r n a tu r a l r e s o u r c e s ) , t e c h n ic a l p u r c h a s in g , m a r k e t r e s e a r c h , a n d o p e r a tio n s r e se a rc h . S c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s e n g a g e d in a d m in is te r in g th e s e a c tiv it ie s s h o u ld b e c o u n te d in c o lu m n ( 4 ) o f ite m 2. B A S IC R E S E A R C H ( It e m E Q U IV A L E N T 3) ( It e m 4) F U L L - T I M E E Q U I V A L E N T .— P a r t-tim e w o r k in r e s e a r c h o r d e v e lo p m e n t c o n v e r te d in t o f u ll- t im e u n its , e a c h u n it e q u a lin g th e n u m b e r o f h o u r s n o r m a lly w o r k e d p e r w e e k in r e p o r t in g u n it. F o r e x a m p le , t w o e m p lo y e e s , e a c h n o r m a lly w o r k in g in r e s e a r c h d e v e lo p m e n t h a l f th e n o r m a l w o r k w e e k , w o u ld e q u a l o n e “ f u ll- t im e e q u iv a le n t” e m p lo y e e . . . U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1962-0-624886 B A S I C R E S E A R C H .— C o u n t a s in b a s ic r e s e a r c h t h o s e s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s p e r f o r m in g o r a d m in is te r in g r e s e a r c h -d e v e l o p m e n t w h o s p e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f th e ir tim e o n r e s e a r c h p r o je c t s w h ic h r e p r e s e n t o r ig in a l in v e s t ig a t io n f o r th e a d v a n c e m e n t o f sc ie n tific k n o w le d g e a n d d o n o t h a v e s p e cific c o m m e r c ia l o b je c t iv e s , a lth o u g h th e y m a y b e in fie ld s o f p r e s e n t o r p o te n tia l in te r e s t t o th e c o m p a n y . N o t e .— B a s ic , o r fu n d a m e n ta l, r e s e a r c h as h e re d e fin e d is, in m o s t e s ta b lis h m e n t s , a v e r y s m a ll p a r t o f th e to ta l r e s e a r ch a n d d e v e lo p m e n t e f fo r t , an d th e n u m b e r o f s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s p r im a r ily e n g a g e d in b a s ic r e s e a r c h is u s u a lly v e r y s m a ll. F U L L - T IM E B IO L O G IC A L SC IE N T IST S P R O D U C T IO N A N D O P E R A T I O N S .— E n t e r in c o lu m n ( 6 ) o f ite m 2 th e n u m b e r o f s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s w h o s p e n d th e g r e a t e s t p r o p o r t io n o f th e ir tim e o n w o r k r e la t e d t o th e p r o d u c tio n p r o c e s s e s o r o p e r a tio n s o f th e r e p o r t in g u n it s u ch a s in s p e c tio n , q u a lity c o n t r o l, e tc . In c lu d e s c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s w o r k in g o n d e s ig n , a n a ly s is , a n d t e s t in g a c tiv it ie s t h a t a r e n o t p a r t o f r e s e a r c h d ev e lo p m e n t. S c ie n tis ts a n d e n g in e e r s e n g a g e d in a d m in is te r in g th e se a c t iv it ie s sh o u ld b e c o u n te d in c o lu m n ( 4 ) o f ite m 2. 5 85- APPENDIX D COVERING LETTERS U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R U .S . D E P A R T M E N T B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S W a s h in g t o n O F L A B O R B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S 25, P.C. W a s h in g t o n 25, D.C. In reply please refer to No. 341 In reply please refer to No. 341 Gentlemen: The Bureau of Labor Statistics is conducting a survey to provide data on the 1962 employment of the Nation's scientific personnel resources. This information provides a basis for evaluating the country's current scientific and technical manpower, resources and serves as a guide in develop ing programs to strengthen the Nation's scientific potential. Gentlemen: This survey is being conducted, as in 1961, on an establishment basis. If your company is mad e up of several plants or establishments you m a y receive more than one questionnaire. Each establishment for which a report is requested has been selected in a carefully drawn sample. A reply i 8 needed for each designated reporting unit, even if the unit does not employ any scientists, engineers, or technicians. However, if it is not feasible to send in a separate report for each unit, please follow one of the alternative reporting procedures described o n page 4 of the questionnaire. Several weeks ago we wrote you regarding a survey of scientific and technical personnel w hich is being conducted by this Bureau to pro vide data on the 1962 employment of the Nation's scientific manpower resources. We wish to thank you for the questionnaires which have been returned to us. However, we have not received reports for some of the units for which we sent questionnaires. Implicate questionnaire(s) for these units are enclosed, Including a copy of each for your files. It is of great importance to the success of this undertaking that we receive reports from all of your establishments. Each establishment for which a report is.requested has been selected in a carefully drawn sample. A reply is needed for each designated reporting unit, even if the unit does not employ any scientists, engineers, or technicians. However, if it is not feasible to send in a separate report for each unit, please follow one of the alternative reporting procedures described on page 4 of the questionnaire. The data you supply will be held in strict confidence, and published information will not permit identification of data for reporting units or their parent companies. The second copy of the questionnaire is for your files. Your cooperation in providing the information requested in the en closed questionnaire is of great importance to the success of this undertaking, The data you supply will be held in strict confidence, and p u b l ished informa tion will not permit identification of data for reporting units or their parent companies. The second copy of the questionnaire is for your files. Your company m a y also receive a questionnaire on research-development expenditures in 1961 (Census Form Number RJL1). This survey is being con ducted for the National Science Foundation by the Bureau of the Census and will yield information o n the amount of funds expended for research-develop men t activities in industry. It also contains a question o n personnel in research-development which m a y be used to relate the two surveys. We shall be extremely grateful for a prompt response to this survey. If you have questions regarding coverage or the interpretation of the questionnaire, please call Mr. Sutherland of our Washington staff (Executive 3-2420, extension 2477) or write to me. We shall be extremely grateful for a prompt response to the enclosed questionnaires. If you have questions regarding coverage or the interpreta tion of the questionnaire, please call Mr. Sutherland of our Washington staff (Executive 3-2420, extension 2477) or write to me. Sincerely yours, Sincerely yours, 9 Ewan Clague Commissioner of Labor Statistics (J Ewan Clague Commissioner of Labor Statistics Enclosures Enclosures - 8 6 - ☆ U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G O F F I C E : 19 64 O - 73 6 - 6 5 4
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