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REVIEW OF OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS \\\^ EMPLOYMENT OF SCIENTIFIC, PROFESSIONAL, AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL IN STATE GOVERNMENTS JANUARY 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF L A B O R STATISTICS L, REVIEW OF OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Employment Of Scientific, Professional, and Technical Personnel in State Governments January 1964 Bulletin No. 1557 1967 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, W ashington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents PREFACE T h i s r e p o r t p r e s e n t s t h e m a j o r f i n d i n g s of a s u r v e y of s c i e n tif ic , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d t e c h n i c a l e m p lo y m e n t in S ta te g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s in J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 . T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s of t h e U .S . D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r m a d e s i m i l a r s u r v e y s in 1959 a n d 1 9 6 2 . T h e S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s u r v e y s e r i e s w a s o r i g i n a l l y d e v e l o p e d u n d e r t h e s p o n s o r s h i p of t h e N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a tio n w h ic h p u b lis h e d th e f i r s t r e p o r t . S u b s e q u e n tly it w a s e s t a b l i s h e d a s a r e g u l a r p r o g r a m of t h e B u r e a u of L a b o r S tatistic s. T he 1964 r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d by A r t h u r Ja ffe w ith th e a s s i s t a n c e of J a c k G o l o m b u n d e r t h e s u p e r v i s i o n of W i l l i a m L . C o p e l a n d a n d M i c h a e l D. W e r t h e i m e r . T h e s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d u n d e r th e g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n of R o b e r t B. S t e f f e s , C h i e f of t h e B u r e a u ’s D i v i s i o n o f O c c u p a t i o n a l E m p l o y m e n t S t a t i s t i c s a n d H a r o l d G o l d s t e i n , A s s i s t a n t C o m m i s s i o n e r of M a n p o w e r a n d E m p lo y m e n t S ta tis tic s . T h e B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s w i s h e s t o e x p r e s s i t s a p p r e c i a t i o n to th e m a n y S tate g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s a n d i n d i v id u a ls w h o se c o o p e ra tio n m a d e th is s u rv e y p o s s ib le ; and e s p e c i a l l y t o C o r a E . T a y l o r , w h o h e a d e d t h e D i v i s i o n of O c c u p a tio n a l E m p lo y m e n t S ta t i s t i c s w hen th e s u r v e y w a s in itia te d . -111- CONTENTS S E C T IO N 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Page I n t r o d u c t i o n .............................................................................................................................................................. S c o p e of t h e S t u d y ......................................................................................................................................... E m p l o y m e n t of S c i e n t i f i c , P r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d T e c h n i c a l P e r s o n n e l ............................ E n g i n e e r s ................................................................................................................................................................. S c i e n t i s t s ................................................................................................................................................................. S o c i a l W o r k e r s ....................................................................................................................................................... S e l e c t e d H e a l t h - R e l a t e d P r o f e s s i o n s ..................................................................................................... T e c h n i c i a n s ............................................................................................................................................................. S c i e n t i f i c , P r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d T e c h n i c a l P e r s o n n e l E n g a g e d i n R e s e a r c h .................... 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 A PPE N D IX TA BLES TABLE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. O c c u p a t i o n a l D i s t r i b u t i o n of T o t a l N u m b e r of S c i e n t i f i c , P r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d T e c h n ic a l P e r s o n n e l E m p lo y e d by S tate G o v e r n m e n ts , an d N u m b e r E n g a g e d i n R e s e a r c h , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 ............................................................................................... S c ie n tis ts , E n g in e e r s , S o cial W o r k e r s , S e le c te d H e a lth - R e la t e d P r o f e s s i o n a l s , and T e c h n ic ia n s E m p lo y e d by S tate G o v e r n m e n t A g e n c ie s , by S ta te , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 .................................................................................................................................................... E n g i n e e r s , b y T y p e of A g e n c y , O c c u p a t i o n , a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 ............................ S c i e n t i s t s in A l l A g e n c i e s , b y O c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 ................................ S c i e n t i s t s , b y T y p e of A g e n c y a n d O c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 .............................................. S o c i a l W o r k e r s , b y T y p e of A g e n c y , O c c u p a t i o n , a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 .............. S e le c te d H e a lth P r o f e s s i o n s in A ll A g e n c ie s , by O c c u p a tio n an d S ta te , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 .................................................................................................................................................... T e c h n i c i a n s in A ll A g e n c i e s , b y O c c u p a t i o n a n d S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 ......................... T e c h n i c i a n s b y T y p e of A g e n c y a n d O c c u p a t i o n , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 ........................................... S c ie n tis ts , E n g in e e r s , S o cial W o r k e r s , S e le c te d H e a lth - R e la te d P r o f e s s i o n a l s , a n d T e c h n i c i a n s P r i m a r i l y E n g a g e d in R e s e a r c h , b y S t a t e , J a n u a r y 1 9 6 4 . . . T r a n s m i t t a l L e t t e r ............................................................................................................................................. Q u e s t i o n n a i r e (B L S F o r m 2 6 4 5 ) ............................................................................................................. -v - 8 10 12 14 15 17 19 21 22 24 25 SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION D u rin g r e c e n t y e a r s S tate g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c ie s h av e b e e n a m o n g t h e f a s t e s t g r o w i n g a c t i v i t i e s in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . T h i s g ro w th h a s c r e a t e d r a p id l y m o u n tin g n e e d s at th e S tate g o v e r n m e n t le v e l fo r h ig h ly sk ille d and p ro fe ssio n a lly tr a in e d p e r son n e l . T o K e e p a b r e a s t of t h i s g r o w t h t h e B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s c o v e r i n g t h e e m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i f i c , t e c h n i c a l , a n d p r o f e s s i o n a l p e r s o n n e l in S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s . 1 T h e l a t e s t s u r v e y w a s c o n d u c t e d in t h e e a r l y m o n t h s of 1 9 6 4 t o o b t a i n o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t i n f o r m a t i o n a s of J a n u a r y of t h a t y e a r . T h i s s u r v e y , l i k e t h o s e w h i c h p r e c e d e d i t , i s p a r t of a b r o a d p r o g r a m c o n d u c t e d b y t h e B u r e a u of L a b o r S ta ti s tic s to d ev e lo p o c c u p atio n al e m p lo y m e n t s t a t i s t i c s c o v e rin g sc ie n tific , p ro fe s s io n a l, and te c h n ic a l em p lo y m e n t a c r o s s a b r o a d s p e c t r u m of t h e t o t a l A m e r i c a n e c o n o m y . ^ o th e r S tate a g e n c ie s su c h a s le g is la tiv e b o d ie s , ju d ic ia l t r i b u n a ls , and b o a r d s and c o m m is s i o n s w ith r e g u la to r y and lic e n s in g fu n c tio n s w e r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s u r v e y b e c a u s e th e y do n o t e m p lo y s c ie n tif ic an d te c h n ic a l p e r so n n e l. F o r the sa k e of b r e v i t y , t h e c o v e r a g e of t h e s t u d y w i l l b e r e f e r r e d t o s i m p l y as "nonschool e m p lo y m e n t.” Q u e s t i o n n a i r e s w e r e m a i l e d d i r e c t l y t o s o m e 1 ,8 5 0 S t a t e g o v ern m e n t ag e n cies. V irtu ally all resp o n d e d . E ac h r e s p o n d e n t w a s r e q u e s t e d t o p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n , b y o c c u p a t i o n , on t h e t o t a l n u m b e r of p e r s o n s e m p l o y e d a n d t h e n u m b e r p r i m a r i l y e n g a g e d in r e s e a r c h . A v a r i e t y of s p e c i f i c o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e c o v e r e d w i t h i n e a c h of f i v e b r o a d o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r i e s - - e n g i n e e r s , s c i e n t i s t i s , s o c i a l w o r k e r s, h e a l t h - r e l a t e d p ro fe s s io n a ls , and te c h n ic ia n s. Scope of the S tud y C h a n g e s in e m p lo y m e n t by o c c u p a tio n b e tw e e n th e p r e s e n t s u r v e y a n d th e p r e c e d i n g s u r v e y s a r e d if fic u lt to a s s e s b e c a u s e of c h a n g e s i n p e r s o n n e l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n d d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of d e f i n i t i o n s b y r e s p o n d e n t s . I n a d d i t i o n , c h a n g e s in d e f in itio n s f o r v a r i o u s o c c u p a tio n s an d th e i n t r o d u c t i o n of n e w o c c u p a t i o n s i n t h e 1 9 6 4 s u r v e y , n o d o u b t , h a v e c h a n g e d t h e r e p o r t i n g p a t t e r n s of m a n y r e s p o n d e n t s . T h e 1964 s u r v e y c o v e r e d m o s t S tate g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s w i t h i n e a c h of t h e 50 S t a t e s . E x c l u d e d f r o m t h e s u r v e y w e r e S t a t e e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s , s i n c e t h e y a r e c o v e r e d in s t u d i e s c o n d u c t e d b y t h e O f f i c e o f E d u c a t i o n o f t h e U . S . D e p a r t m e n t of H e a l t h , E d u c a t i o n , a n d W e l f a r e a n d b y th e N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a tio n . S p e c ia l s c h o o ls , su c h a s sc h o o ls f o r th e m e n ta l ly r e t a r d e d , s c h o o l s f o r t h e d e a f a n d t h e b li n d , a n d i n d u s t r i a l s c h o o l s , a s w e l l a s a d m i n i s t r a t i v e p e r s o n n e l in S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t s of E d u c a t i o n w e r e i n c l u d e d in t h e s u r v e y s i n c e t h e y a r e n o t c o v e r e d b y o t h e r s tu d ie s . A ls o e x c lu d e d w e r e p e r so n n e l in a g r ic u ltu r a l e x p e r im e n t sta tio n s, a g r ic u ltu r a l e x te n sio n s e r v i c e s , a n d h o s p i t a l s a f f ilia te d w ith S tate u n i v e r s i t i e s . C e r t a i n E m p lo y m e n t of S cientific, P rofe s sion al, and T e c h n ic a l Personnel In e a r l y 1 9 6 4 , t h e r e w e r e 1 5 6 ,8 0 0 p e r s o n s e m p l o y e d b y t h e 50 S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s w o r k i n g a s e n g i n e e r s , s c i e n t i s t s , s o c i a l R e p o r t on a 1959 S u r v e y , N S F 6 0 - 6 2 ; S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n i c a l P e r s o n n e l in I n d u s tr y - I 9 6 0 . N SF 6 1 -7 5 ; S cie n tific and T e c h n ic a l P e r s o n n e l in In d u s tr y - 1 9 6 1 , N SF 6 3 -3 2 ; E m p lo y m e n t of S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n i c a l P e r s o n n e l i n I n d u s t r y - 1 9 6 2 , B u l l e t i n N o . 1418 ( B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ) . F o r t h c o m i n g b u l le tin s w ill c o v e r s i m i l a r e m p lo y m e n t d a ta fo r 1 9 63-1964 and r e v i s e d d a t a f o r 1961 a n d 1 9 6 2 . E m p l o y m e n t i n t h e A t o m i c E n e r g y F i e l d - A I960 O c c u p a tio n a l S u r v e y , BLS B u lletin N o . 12 9 7 a n d r e p o r t s u n d e r t h e s a m e t i t l e f o r 1961 a n d 1962 ( o b ta in a b le f r o m th e A to m ic E n e r g y C o m m is s i o n ) . ^ E m p l o y m e n t of S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n i c a l P e r s o n n e l i n S t a t e G o v e r n m e n t A g e n c i e s - - R e p o r t on a 1959 S u r v e y . N S F 6 1 - 1 7 ( N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a t i o n ) ; E m p l o y m e n t of S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n i c a l P e r s o n n e l in S tate G o v e r n m e n t A g e n c i e s - - 1 9 6 2 , B u l l e t i n N o . 1 4 1 2 ( B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ) . ^ S c ie n c e a n d E n g i n e e r i n g in A m e r i c a n I n d u s tr y - F i n a l R e p o r t o n a 1 9 5 3 - 1 9 5 4 S u r v e y , N S F 5 6 - 1 5; S c i e n c e a n d E n g i n e e r i n g i n A m e r i c a n I n d u s t r y - R e p o r t on a 1956 S u r v e y , N S F 5 9 50; S c i e n t i f i c a n d T e c h n i c a L P e r s o n n e l i n A m e r i c a n I n d u s t r y -1 - Chart 1. DISTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIFIC, PROFESSIONAL, AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL IN STATE GOVERNMENTS -JANUARY 1964 w o rk e rs , se lec ted h e a lth -re la te d p r o fe s s io n a ls , and te c h n i c i a n s . (See a p p e n d i x t a b l e 1.) T h e s e h i g h l y s k i l l e d S t a t e e m p l o y e e s r e p r e s e n t e d 13 p e r c e n t of a l l S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t n o n s c h o o l e m p l o y m e n t . A d i s t r i b u t i o n of t h e s e p e r s o n s a m o n g t h e f i v e m a j o r o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s i s s h o w n i n C h a r t 1. C a lif o r n ia and N ew Y o rk , w h ic h r e s p e c t i v e l y h a v e th e h ig h e s t S ta te g o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y m e n t t o t a l s , s i g n i f i c a n t l y e x c e e d e d a l l o t h e r S t a t e s in t h e t o t a l n u m b e r of p e r s o n n e l e m p l o y e d in t h e s u r v e y e d p r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s a n d r a n k e d a m o n g t h e to p t h r e e i n e a c h of t h e f i v e m a j o r o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p i n g s . T h e s e t w o S t a t e s - - h a v i n g 18 p e r c e n t of t o t a l S ta te g o v e r n m e n t n o n s c h o o l e m p l o y m e n t - - e m p l o y e d 20 p e r c e n t of t h e t o t a l s c i e n t i f i c , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l em p lo y ed by a ll S tate g o v e r n m e n ts . T H O U S A N D S OF E M P L O Y E E S 70 W yo m in g , A la s k a , V e r m o n t, U ta h , a n d H a w a ii r a n k e d a s th e S t a t e s w it h t h e h i g h e s t r a t i o s ( 2 1 - 2 5 p e r c e n t ) o f s c i e n t i f i c , p r o f e s s io n a l, and te c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l to to ta l S tate g o v e r n m e n t n o n sc h o o l e m p lo y m e n t. T he S ta te s h av in g th e lo w e s t r a t i o s (6 -8 p e r c e n t) w e r e W e st V ir g in ia , S o u th D a k o ta , O k la h o m a , I n d ia n a , N o rth C a r o lin a , an d N ew M e x ic o . (See a p p e n d ix t a b l e 2.) M a n y f a c t o r s i n f l u e n c e t h e e m p l o y m e n t of s c i e n t i f i c , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n e l in i n d i v i d u a l S t a t e s . A m o n g t h e m o r e i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r s a r e t h e f o l l o w i n g : t h e a m o u n t of m o n e y m a d e a v a i l a b l e a n d t h e t y p e s of s e r v i c e u n d e r t a k e n b y th e S tate a g e n c i e s ; w h e th e r th e s e r v i c e s a n d p r o j e c t s a r e c a r r i e d o ut d i r e c t l y b y t h e S t a t e o r a r e c o n t r a c t e d t o c o n s u l t i n g a n d o t h e r f i r m s . O t h e r f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g t h e e m p l o y m e n t of su c h p e r s o n n e l in clu d e n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s , m a j o r i n d u s t r i e s , a n d th e e x te n t to w h cih lo c a l g o v e r n m e n t u n its a s s u m e r e s p o n Occupation Technicians P e rc e n t of Total S c ie n t i f i c , Professional, and T e c h n ic a l E m p lo ym e n t 38.4 eciea H ealth O ccu p a tio n s Engineers 23.1 22.0 sib ility for m a jo r p r o je c ts . SECTION 2. ENGINEERS 10.6 5.9 S tate a g e n c i e s e m p lo y e d 3 4 ,5 0 0 e n g i n e e r s in J a n u r a y 1964. ( S e e a p p e n d i x t a b l e 3.) A p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 5 , 7 0 0 of t h e s e e n g i n e e r s (7 4 p e r c e n t ) w e r e c i v i l e n g i n e e r s e m p l o y e d i n S t a t e h i g h w a y d e p a r t m e n t s . T h e r e w e r e 1,2 0 0 s a n i t a r y e n g i n e e r s , m o s t of w h o m w e r e e m p lo y e d b y S tate h e a lth d e p a r t m e n t s . A lm o s t a t h i r d of t h e e n g i n e e r s ( 1 1 ,0 0 0 ) w e r e e m p l o y e d in t h e F a r W e s t S t a t e s w h e r e C a l i f o r n i a v a s t l y e x c e e d e d a l l o t h e r S t a t e s in t h i s o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p . E m p l o y m e n t of e n g i n e e r s i n t h e N o r t h e a s t , M i d d l e W e s t , a n d S o u t h e r n g r o u p i n g s of S t a t e s w a s d i s tr ib u te d m o r e eq u a lly . SECTION 3. SCIENTISTS T h e r e w e r e 1 6 ,7 0 0 s c i e n t i s t s e m p l o y e d i n a v a r i e t y of s c i e n t i f i c o c c u p a t i o n s . (S e e a p p e n d i x t a b l e 4.) O n e h a l f (8 ,3 0 0 ) w e r e l i f e s c i e n t i s t s - - s c i e n t i s t s w o r k i n g in t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l , b io lo g ic a l, and b io m e d ic a l field s. A g ric u ltu ra l and b io lo g ica l s c e i n e t i s t s w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d in S t a t e a g r i c u l t u r a l a n d c o n s e r v a t i o n a g e n c i e s w h e r e 94 p e r c e n t of t h e s e s c i e n t i s t s w e r e e m p l o y e d . M o s t b i o m e d i c a l s c i e n t i s t s (95 p e r c e n t ) w e r e i n S t a t e h e a l t h a n d w e l f a r e a g e n c i e s . (S e e a p p e n d i x t a b l e 5.) T h e r e m a i n i n g h a l f of S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s * s c i e n t i f i c p e r s o n n e l c o n s i s t e d of 2 ,6 0 0 p h y s i c a l s c i e n t i s t s ( c h e m i s t s , g e o l o g i s t s , g e o p h y s i c i s t s , a n d o t h e r p h y s i c a l s c i e n t i s t s ) , 2 ,5 0 0 p s y c h o l o g i s t s , 2 ,0 0 0 m a t h e m a t i c i a n s a n d s t a t i s t i c i a n s , a n d 1 ,4 0 0 s o c i a l s c i e n t i s t s ( e c o n o m i s t s , s o c i o l o g i s t s , a n t h r o p o l o g is ts , and o th e r so c ia l s c ie n tis ts ). A m ong th ese sc ien tific p e r s o n n e l , p s y c h o l o g i s t s p r e d o m i n a t e d in m e n t a l h e a l t h a g e n c i e s a n d e c o n o m i s t s i n s u c h a g e n c i e s a s D e p a r t m e n t s of R e v e n u e , C o m m e r c e , a n d L a b o r w h i c h c o l l e c t i v e l y d o m i n a t e t h e “M i s c e l l a n e o u s ” c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of a g e n c i e s . SECTION 4. SOCIAL WORKERS A b out 9 ,2 0 0 s o c i a l w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d by S tate g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s . (S e e a p p e n d i x t a b l e 6.) T h e 4 , 0 0 0 p s y c h i a t r i c an d m e d i c a l s o c ia l w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d p r i m a r i l y in State m e n ta l in s titu tio n s . S o cial w o rk e rs , not c la s s ifie d a s p s y c h i a t r i c o r m e d i c a l ( 5 ,2 0 0 ) , w e r e e n g a g e d p r i n c i p a l l y i n w e l f a r e a c t i v i t i e s . N e w Y o r k a n d C a l i f o r n i a S ta te a g e n c i e s e m p l o y e d 21 p e r c e n t of a l l s o c i a l w o r k e r s a m o n g t h e 50 S t a t e s , a s o m e w h a t h i g h e r p r o p o r t i o n t h a n t h e s e tw o S t a t e s h a d of n o n s c h o o l g o v e r n m e n t e m p lo y m e n t in a l l S ta te s . SECTION 5. SELECTED HEALTH-RELATED PROFESSIONS S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t s e m p l o y e d 3 6 ,2 0 0 h e a l t h - r e l a t e d p r o f e s s i o n a l w o r k e r s , i n c l u d i n g 2 1 , 6 0 0 p r o f e s s i o n a l n u r s e s , 4 ,4 0 0 p h y s i c i a n s , 3 , 8 0 0 p s y c h i a t r i s t s , 3 ,4 0 0 s a n i t a r i a n s , 1 ,1 0 0 v e t e r i n a r i a n s , 1 ,0 0 0 d e n t i s t s , a n d 800 p u b l i c h e a l t h o f f i c e r s w i t h M . D . * s . ( S e e a p p e n d i x t a b l e 7.) S t a t e a g e n c i e s d e a l i n g w i t h th e p h y s i c a l a n d m e n t a l h e a l t h of t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c w e r e th e p r i m a r y e m p l o y e r s of t h e s e p e r s o n s . A s i g n i f i c a n t p r o p o r t i o n of p h y s i c i a n s (12 p e r c e n t ) , d e n t i s t s (21 p e r c e n t ) , a n d n u r s e s (9 p e r c e n t) , and to a l e s s e r d e g r e e p s y c h i a t r i s t s ( 4 p e r c e n t) and p u b lic h e a l t h o f f i c e r s (2 p e r c e n t ) w e r e e m p l o y e d b y S ta te w elfa re ag e n cies. N ew Y o rk , P e n n s y lv a n ia , C a lif o r n ia , M a s s a c h u s e t ts , and F l o r i d a , h a v i n g 31 p e r c e n t of t o t a l S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t n o n e d u c a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t , e m p l o y e d 43 p e r c e n t of t h e t o t a l r e p o r t e d n u m b e r of p e r s o n s i n t h e s e s e l e c t e d h e a l t h - r e l a t e d p r o fessio n s. SECTION 6. TECHNICIANS Of th e 60,200 t e c h n i c i a n s , h a lf w e r e e m p lo y e d a s e n g i n e e r ing t e c h n ic ia n s an d a n o t h e r t h i r d w e r e d r a f t s m e n and s u r v e y o r s who w e r e e m p lo y e d , p r e d o m i n a t e l y , by S tate highw ay d e p a r t m e n t s . ( S e e a p p e n d i x t a b l e s 8 a n d 9.) A m o n g t h e r e m a i n in g t e c h n i c i a n s , t h e r e w e r e 5 ,4 0 0 i n t h e v a r i o u s p h y s i c a l a n d life s c ie n c e f i e l d s , an d 3,700 m e d i c a l an d d e n t a l te c h n i c i a n s . M o r e t h a n h a l f t h e p h y s i c a l s c i e n c e t e c h n i c i a n s w o r k e d on h ig h w ay and p u b lic w o rk s p r o j e c t s . S ig n ifican t p r o p o r ti o n s a ls o w e r e e m p l o y e d i n a g r i c u l t u r a l a g e n c i e s (16 p e r c e n t ) a n d p h y s i c a l h e a l t h a g e n c i e s (16 p e r c e n t ) . A g r i c u l t u r a l a n d b i o l o g i c a l t e c h n i c i a n s w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d i n t h e f i e l d s of a g r i c u l tu r e and c o n s e r v a tio n alth o u g h b io lo g ic a l te c h n ic ia n s a ls o w e re Chart 2. DISTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIFIC, PROFESSIONAL, AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL IN STATE GOVERNMENTS ENGAGED IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES JANUARY 1964 OCCUPATION NUMBER N U M B E R E N G A G E D IN R E S E A R C H AS A P E R C E N T E N G A G E D IN OF T O T A L E M P L O Y M E N T , BY O C C U P A T I O N RESEARCH T o ta l Sc ie n ti fi c, Professional, 4,800 and T e c h n i c a l Personnel S c ie n t i s t s f o u n d i n f a i r l y l a r g e n u m b e r s (26 p e r c e n t ) w o r k i n g in t h e h e a l t h field . M ed ical and d en tal te c h n ic ia n s w e r e c o n c e n tra te d p r i n c i p a lly in h e a lth a g e n c ie s . S t a t e a g e n c i e s in th e S o u t h e r n R e g i o n e m p l o y e d o v e r 40 p e r c e n t of th e d r a f t s m e n , s u r v e y o r s , a n d e n g i n e e r i n g t e c h n i c i a n s b u t o n ly 25 p e r c e n t of t h e e n g i n e e r s a m o n g t h e 50 S t a t e s . A s a r e s u l t , in t h e S o u t h e r n S t a t e s t h e r a t i o o f t e c h n i c i a n s to t o t a l s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s w a s s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r t h a n in o t h e r m a j o r s e c t i o n s of t h e c o u n t r y . T h e a v e r a g e r a t i o f o r a l l S ta te s , o th e r th a n S o u th e rn S ta te s , w a s 9 te c h n ic ia n s f o r e a c h 10 s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s . I n t h e S o u t h t h i s r a t i o w a s 19 t e c h n i c i a n s f o r e a c h 10 s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s . T h e r a t i o s of t h e n u m b e r of t e c h n i c i a n s t o e a c h 10 s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s f o r o t h e r r e g i o n s of t h e c o u n t r y w e r e N o r t h e a s t , 8; M i d d l e W e s t , 12; a n d F a r W e s t , 9. 2,9 00 SECTION 7. SCIENTIFIC, PROFESSIONAL, AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL ENGAGED IN RESEARCH Technicians Engineers S e l e c te d H ea lth 900 700 200 O ccupations Socia l W o r k e r s 100 O n l y t h r e e p e r c e n t (4 ,8 0 0 ) of t h e s c i e n t i f i c , p r o f e s s i o n a l , an d te c h n ic a l p e r s o n n e l e m p lo y e d by S tate g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s w e r e e n g a g e d in r e s e a r c h . A s i n d i c a t e d in C h a r t 2, t h e b u l k of t h o s e w h o s e t i m e w a s d e v o t e d p r i m a r i l y t o r e s e a r c h w e r e t h e 2 ,9 0 0 s c i e n t i s t s . R e s e a r c h w a s a s i g n i f i c a n t a c t i v i t y a m o n g th e b i o l o g i s t s , b i o m e d i c a l s c i e n t i s t s , e c o n o m i s t s , g e o l o g i s t s , a n d g e o p h y s i c i s t s - - b e t t e r t h a n a f o u r t h of t h e s e s c i e n t i s t s w e r e w o r k i n g in r e s e a r c h o r i e n t e d a c t i v i t i e s . (S ee a p p e n d i x t a b l e 10.) O f t h e 900 t e c h n i c i a n s w o r k i n g on r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t s , 65 p e r c e n t w ere en g in ee rin g and b io lo g ic a l te c h n ic ia n s . An a d d i t i o n a l 27 p e r c e n t w e r e p h y s i c a l s c i e n c e , m e d i c a l , a n d d e n t a l t e c h n i c i a n s . A f a r g r e a t e r p e r c e n t a g e of a l l b i o l o g i c a l t e c h n i c i a n s (12 p e r c e n t ) w e r e i n r e s e a r c h w o r k t h a n w e r e o t h e r t y p e s of t e c h n i c i a n s . T h e r e m a i n i n g 1 ,0 0 0 p r o f e s s i o n a l p e r s o n s e n g a g e d i n r e s e a r c h c o n s i s t e d of 700 e n g i n e e r s (2 p e r c e n t of a l l S t a t e e m p l o y e d e n g i n e e r s ) , 100 s o c i a l w o r k e r s (1 p e r c e n t of t h e s o c i a l w o r k e r s o n S t a t e g o v e r n m e n t p a y r o l l s ) , a n d 200 i n t h e s u r v e y e d h e a l t h o c c u p a t i o n s ( 0 .5 p e r c e n t of t h e t o t a l r e p o r t e d a s e m p l o y e d in t h e s e s e l e c t e d h e a l t h o c c u p a t i o n s ) . H a l f t h e e m p lo y e e s in th e h e a lth o c c u p a tio n s w e r e p s y c h i a t r i s t s . C o p i e s of t h e r e p o r t i n g f o r m a n d i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r t h e 1 9 6 4 S u r v e y of S c i e n t i f i c an d T e c h n ic a l P e r s o n n e l E m p lo y e d by S tate G o v e r n m e n ts a r e r e p r o d u c e d fo llo w in g th e l a s t a p p e n d ix ta b le . A P P E N D IX T A B L E S M o s t of t h e t a b l e s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s a p p e n d i x p r e s e n t d a t a f o r e a c h S ta te . H o w e v e r , c a u tio n is u r g e d in m a k in g S ta te - b y S t a t e c o m p a r i s o n s of e m p l o y m e n t w i t h o u t a c q u i r i n g a n i n t i m a t e k n o w l e d g e of i n d i v i d u a l S t a t e p r o g r a m s , p r a c t i c e s , a n d c l a s s i f ic a tio n s y s t e m s . F o r e x a m p l e , w id e d if f e r e n c e s e x i s t in the t y p e s of p r o g r a m s u n d e r t a k e n b y S t a t e s i n a n y g i v e n y e a r , i n p r a c t i c e s s u c h a s th e h ir in g of s c ie n t if i c a n d te c h n ic a l w o r k e r s o r t h e u s e of o u t s i d e c o n s u l t i n g s e r v i c e s , a n d i n f u n c t i o n s p e r f o r m e d by a g e n c i e s h av in g s i m i l a r n a m e s o r by p e r s o n n e l h a v i n g t h e s a m e o c c u p a t i o n a l t i t l e s . A l t h o u g h S ta te t a b l e s a r e p r e s e n t e d by r e g io n f o r th e r e a d e r ’ s c o n v e n ie n c e , s t a t i s t i c s by r e g i o n a r e n o t lik e ly to be c o m p a r a b l e , fo r th e r e a s o n s cited . -6 - Table t. Occupational Distribution of Total Num ber of Scientific, Professiunal, and Technical Personnel, Employed by State Governments, and Num ber Engaged in Research, lanuary 1964 Engaged in research Total Total 1 Engaged in research Occupation Number Engineers............... Civil engineers...... . Sanitary engineers.... Other engineers.... . Percent Number 156,830 1 0 0 .0 4,816 34,537 2 2 .0 744 15.4 30,958 1,244 2,335 19.7 659 13 72 13.7 .3 1.5 16,686 1 0 .6 .8 1.5 2 ,8 6 6 1 0 0 .0 59.5 Chemis ts.............. Geologists and geophysicists............... Other physical scien tists............... 1,431 .9 153 3.2 1,047 .7 336 7.0 107 .1 11 .2 Agricultural scientists. Bio-medical scientists.. Other life scientists... 3,284 2,035 2,936 2 .1 126 557 829 2 .6 1 1 .6 Mathematicians•••••••••• Statisticians.......... 341 1,619 1.0 30 259 5.4 Economis ts............. Sociologists and anthro pologists ...••••..... Other social scientists. Clinical psychologists.. Social psychologists.... Other psychologists.... 692 .4 218 4.5 202 .1 85 74 140 23 25 1 .8 Note: 495 1,978 147 372 1.3 1.9 #2 .3 1.3 .1 .2 Number Percent .6 9,222 5.9 99 448 .3 2 (i/) 3,534 5,240 2.3 3.3 80 17 1.7 .4 Selected health pro fessions ................ 36,153 23.1 187 3.9 819 3,795 .5 2.4 28 91 •6 1.9 4,443 2 .8 21 .4 1,019 .6 Draftsmen.............. SurveyorsTrt............ Engineering technicians. Physical science techni cians................ Agricultural technicians Biological technicians.. Medical and dental tech nicians .............. Other technicians...... Because of rounding of percentages, sums of individual parts may not equal totals or 100.0 1/ Less than 0.05. -7 - Percent Medical social workers.. Psychiatric social work ers ........... . Other social workers.... Technicians.............. 1.5 2.9 .5 .5 Number Social workers............ Public health officers (M.D.)............... Psychiatrists (M.D.).... All other physicians (M. D. and D.O.)......... Dentists (D.D.S. or D.D. M.).................. Professional nurses (R.N.)............... Veterinarians (D.V.M.).. Sanitarians............ 17.2 Percent 21,559 1,083 3,435 13.7 .7 60,232 3 2 .1 .1 24 17 3 .5 .4 38.4 920 19.1 7,920 11,971 30,535 5.1 7.6 19.5 34 5 381 .7 7.9 1,539 1,988 1,842 123 2 .6 1.3 21 1 .2 217 .4 4.5 3,674 763 2.3 .5 126 13 2 .2 1.0 . .1 .1 2 .6 .3 Table 2. Scientists, Engineers, Social W orkers, Selected Health-Related Professionals, and Technicians Employed by State Governm ent Agencies, by State, January 1964 Total All occupations State Number Percent of total employment JV Selected Scientists Engineers Social workers health-related Technicians professionals Total............. 156,830 13.0 16,686 34,537 9,222 36,153 60,232 Northeast............... 36,605 11.5 3,616 7,996 2,818 13,374 8,801 Connecticut........... Maine................. Massachusetts......... New Hampshire......... New Jersey............ New York............... Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... Vermont............... 2,611 1,177 5,618 1 1 .6 1 1 .8 3,671 12,781 7,954 1,179 946 2 1 .6 620 301 1,303 343 1,077 2,653 1,183 162 354 234 92 425 18 438 1,174 162 248 27 604 668 261 182 453 72 274 1,393 805 97 79 2,191 160 1,164 4,938 3,616 373 117 892 391 1,246 75 718 2,623 2,188 299 369 Middle West............. 34,015 11.7 4,159 7,244 2,357 6,338 13,917 822 348 191 283 728 320 267 115 1,556 624 321 427 942 543 859 229 182 343 93 156 162 400 175 174 105 23 215 24 487 1,403 441 340 431 821 1,787 632 1,936 1,137 1,572 1,683 1,309 533 270 2,016 107 935 Illinois.............. Indiana............... Iowa.................. Kansas................ Michigan.............. Minnesota............. Missouri.............. Nebraska.............. North Dakota.......... Ohio.................. South Dakota.......... Wisconsin.............. See footnote at end of table 5,911 2,138 2,944 2,440 4,463 3,409 3,004 1,165 635 4,363 476 3,067 12.9 14.2 1 2 .0 10.9 9.9 13.4 1 0 .6 8.3 16.3 14.3 1 2 .0 15.5 1 1 .1 1 0 .8 12.7 9.6 8 .1 15.8 88 488 93 416 666 150 745 211 688 395 183 72 978 102 484 Table 2. Scientists, Engineers, Social W orkers, Selected Health-Related Professionals, and Technicians Employed by State Government Agencies, by State, January 1964 - Continued Total All occupations Selected State Number South............... . 50,527 Percent of total employment I f Scientists Engineers Social workers health-related professionals Technicians 13.2 4,679 8,308 2,240 10,964 24,336 17.3 736 194 77 777 654 702 493 448 251 776 39 58 45 471 96 107 219 257 117 120 12.4 15.4 13.2 15.1 6.4 195 145 56 649 301 273 147 279 249 370 281 191 301 454 608 180 278 394 1,352 828 228 128 51 251 161 115 39 460 327 159 1,953 280 398 851 1,206 534 545 447 640 793 991 1,203 177 2,150 655 395 2,601 1,381 1,595 2,217 1,014 1,217 986 630 902 1,777 3,893 2,397 526 Alabama............... Arkansas............... Delaware.............. Florida...... ......... Georgia............... Kentucky........... . Louisiana............. Maryland.............. Mississippi........... North Carolina........ Oklahoma............. . South Carolina........ Tennessee............. Texas.................. Virginia............. . West Virginia......... 3,580 1,379 732 6,451 2,712 3,075 3,927 3,204 2,368 2,763 1,606 2,062 3,516 6,851 5,151 1,150 Far West................. 35,683 17.0 4,232 10,989 1,807 5,477 13,178 Alaska................ Arizona............... California............ Colorado.............. Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Montana............... Nevada................. New Mexico............ Oregon................. Utah................... Washington............ Wyoming................ 974 1,216 17,812 1,780 1,295 22.5 12.7 18.6 12.9 20.9 19.4 19.8 17.4 8.5 15.9 178 168 1,651 185 185 157 115 99 156 538 275 445 80 346 132 6,297 490 259 113 379 236 188 782 353 1,156 258 36 41 731 80 162 25 33 26 65 103 137 275 93 72 91 2,883 256 383 307 125 65 138 569 81 404 103 342 784 6,250 769 306 598 691 223 568 659 1 ,2 0 0 1,343 649 1,115 2,651 1,514 3,133 1 ,0 0 1 1 1 .0 12.9 17.7 1 2 .6 14.1 1 1 .8 14.9 16.3 8.4 8 .2 2 1 .0 13.4 25.2 1/ Excluding employment in State educational institutions. 86 668 853 467 Table 3. Engineers, by Type of Agency, Occupatien, and State, January 1964 Highways and public works All agencies State Total Civil Sanitary Other Total Civil Other agencies Health and welfare Sanitary and other Total Sanitary Civil and other Total Total.............. 34,537 30,958 1,244 2,335 31,238 29,886 1,352 1,385 1,053 332 1,914 Northeast............... 7,996 6,731 362 903 6,958 6,481 477 334 295 39 704 Connecticut........... Maine................. Massachusetts......... New Hampshire......... New Jersey............ New York...... ........ Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... Vermont............... 620 301 1,303 343 1,077 2,653 1,183 162 354 588 282 1,214 325 983 2,127 914 151 147 11 21 7 5 40 3 5 17 15 46 8 10 28 146 66 t*8 380 167 3 199 581 272 1,187 324 911 2,044 875 142 145 10 14 43 593 276 1,209 327 924 2,226 914 144 345 12 5 46 200 9 3 7 3 Middle West............. 7,244 6,466 358 420 6,431 6,170 261 375 2 91 79 438 Illinois.............. Indiana............... Iowa.................. Kansas................ Michigan.............. Minnesota............. Missouri.............. Nebraska.............. North Dakota.......... Ohio.................. South Dakota.......... Wisconsin............. 1,556 624 321 427 942 543 859 229 182 1,445 558 291 396 810 498 817 217 148 533 91 662 48 47 63 19 1,411 551 261 371 765 483 809 34 3 4 5 16 — 28 67 19 8 212 212 -- 159 613 137 557 145 521 85 556 14 92 52 44 51 38 15 55 26 30 4 16 51 40 46 14 1,445 554 261 380 815 485 813 666 150 745 102 8 22 8 15 42 25 28 4 14 43 5 65 16 90 20 20 90 54 18 -10. 4 22 3 13 182 39 2 -- 9 50 2 4 1 10 48 14 30 8 8 6 2 110 28 97 100 100 6 39 22 15 27 25 28 3 14 40 5 31 13 -2 — 2 123 317 169 9 6 22 1 2 32 72 32 16 13 7 11 2 1 7 149 1 2 8 Table 3 .. Engineers, by Type of Agency, Occupation, and State, January 1964 - Continued All agencies Highways and public works State Total Civil South.................... 8,308 7,507 Alabama............... Arkansas.............. Delaware.............. Florida............... Georgia............... Kentucky.............. Louisiana.... ......... Maryland............ r. Mississippi........... North Carolina........ Oklahoma.............. South Carolina........ Tennessee............. Texas................. Virginia.............. West Virginia......... 736 194 77 777 654 702 493 448 251 776 278 394 1,352 828 228 704 147 70 702 616 675 417 383 243 677 73 232 359 1,246 748 215 10,989 10,254 346 132 6,297 490 259 113 379 236 188 782 353 1,156 258 332 Far West................ Alaska................ Arizona............... California............ Colorado.............. Hawaii................ Idaho.................. Montana........... . Nevada................. New Mexico............ Oregon.......... «...... Utah................... Washington............ Wyoming............... 120 110 5,870 440 249 97 365 209 165 740 343 1,088 246 Sanitary and other Civil and other Total 305 132 305 24 17 7 8 12 11 1 2 5 53 13 19 2 Other Total Civil 350 451 7,566 7,339 227 437 17 11 15 36 1 54 13 19 21 25 610 6 667 436 399 240 687 76 261 357 1,233 746 206 691 145 67 684 607 667 389 377 239 660 65 227 348 1,228 739 206 13 35 6 704 180 67 697 174 561 10,283 5 5 64 9 17 363 40 309 109 6,016 436 203 103 367 Sanitary - - 37 5 41 11 10 21 39 59 7 10 9 5 4 4 7 29 5 20 7 8 76 28 3 58 36 36 14 67 21 1 11 10 23 16 13 5 48 5 210 165 722 341 1,059 243 -1 1 - Total 7 - - 13 3 25 — 21 47 34 9 5 7 — 14 37 5 47 13 14 27 67 54 4 9,896 387 308 104 5,686 432 125 16 1 11 202 96 359 191 165 716 340 1,054 243 22 1 27 11 Other agencies Health and welfare 66 Sanitary - - 14 3 14 19 14 43 36 5 1 12 - - 22 25 13 12 2 6 11 2 10 4 21 42 31 3 6 10 39 41 28 13 2 2 52 28 18 239 157 82 467 1 5 5 330 4 6 5 5 64 1 7 6 8 6 19 4 - - 6 8 17 1 6 5 26 3 61 10 6 9 5 4 4 7 16 5 2 20 3 1 2 - - 1 1 32 17 156 38 45 4 6 22 15 43 1 6 6 71 12 Table 4 S cie ntists in All Agencies, by Occupation and State, January 1964 All scientists Chemists Geolo gists and geo physi cists 16,686 1,431 1,047 3,284 2,035 2,936 341 1,619 692 202 2,497 602 Northeast............... 3,616 328 105 550 694 323 131 417 209 59 719 81 Connecticut........... Maine............... .. Massachusetts......... New Hampshire......... New Jersey............ New York.............. Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... Vermont............... 261 182 453 72 274 1,393 805 97 79 23 13 49 9 13 108 98 7 3 9 43 44 17 27 14 53 7 15 47 32 2 24 7 3 4 1 10 3 4 — — — 32 36 — 8 2 47 19 19 3 69 143 92 18 7 Middle West............. 4,159 89 376 822 348 191 283 728 320 267 115 8 64 4 20 State Total... ........ Illinois.............. Indiana............... Iowa.................. Kansas....... ......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Missouri............... Nebraska.............. North Dakota.......... Ohio.................. South Dakota.......... Wisconsin............. — — Agri cultural scien tists Bio medical scien tists 112 Bio logical scien tists 2 22 55 120 22 247 — 12 44 389 53 23 8 26 11 35 116 34 13 9 368 304 553 529 649 82 73 8 13 44 87 26 19 13 15 71 51 4 28 65 32 16 221 11 113 84 72 44 19 19 67 45 18 76 46 29 23 169 6 21 2 88 11 31 1 30 1 5 75 — 60 8 488 93 416 16 16 15 8 10 40 5 41 -12. Mathema ticians 4 2 — 24 95 1 1 Statis ticians Econo mists 17 5 2 1 123 41 849 278 5 15 — 7 -- 197 50 64 63 95 65 28 16 123 6 115 47 22 10 13 2 21 2 13 32 55 36 5 46 30 19 74 48 67 6 3 ~ 34 — 8 50 12 1 — 11 3 4 4 -- 41 15 2 2 2 2 68 20 10 6 Other scien tists 1 — 6 1 1 Psycholo gists 40 27 215 5 55 198 158 17 4 11 22 Soci ologists and anthro pologists 21 18 165 5 78 2 1 12 19 50 6 3 7 1 8 33 Table 4. Scientists in All Agencies, by Occupation and State, January 1964 -• Continued State All scientists Chemists Geolo gists and geo physi cists Agri cultural scien tists Bio medical scien tists Bio logical scien tists South.................... 4,679 469 300 1,328 543 769 Alabama........... . Arkansas.............. Delaware.............. Florida................ Georgia............... Kentucky.............. Louisiana.............. Maryland.............. Mississippi........... North Carolina........ Oklahoma............. . South Carolina........ Tennessee............. Texas.................. Virginia............ .. West Virginia......... 195 145 56 649 301 273 147 279 249 370 281 191 301 454 608 180 13 16 3 89 24 23 21 29 73 4 123 83 46 5 12 25 30 59 25 Far West..... ........... 4,232 Alaska................ Arizona............... California............ Colorado.............. Hawaii................ Idaho.................. Montana............. . Nevada............ .... New Mexico............ Oregon................ Utah................... Washington............ Wyoming............... 178 168 1,651 185 185 157 115 99 156 538 275 445 80 13 5 14 12 43 9 173 Mathema ticians Statis ticians Econo mists 439 106 14 1 2 .... 13 — 15 5 5 55 28 46 18 31 29 48 28 13 29 40 32 17 387 68 *•*. 3 3 — 5 11 70 2 1 5 4 .. 1 __ 5 1 2 57 — 41 26 22 60 149 73 116 80 35 78 278 60 67 65 56 9 29 39 18 31 50 25 33 61 93 64 23 266 338 853 269 1,195 53 6 22 24 — 108 56 69 63 23 9 89 105 431 49 33 26 47 35 16 105 151 94 14 4 19 1 12 12 150 9 4 162 7 44 1 12 1 19 7 5 4 3 12 8 10 22 23 1 12 2 49 1 10 22 10 11 78 29 28 23 9 25 37 43 11 11 4 179 7 6 1 7 11 10 144 10 2 5 9 5 32 21 22 15 18 4 24 15 14 1 12 133 15 2 1 6 9 20 30 266 23 156 15 11 25 10 31 5 - 13' 6 2 6 17 — 4 3 6 12 8 3 5 7 3 13 7 __ ... __ 1 — 20 2 1 7 32 4 133 2 86 12 66 12 42 3 4 254 20 -- 26 42 52 7 30 33 23 29 59 59 16 88 419 __ 1 Other scien tists 510 14 .... 9 _ 73 53 31 6 Soci Psycholo ologists gists and anthro pologists 31 16 10 2 30 1 1 11 13 4 4 110 5 12 /,C\ 3 8 28 4 7 4 9 4 18 3 228 19 18 24 3 7 9 36 18 36 4 64 l l 15 4 3 13 9 Tab le 5. Scientists, by Type of Agency and Occupation, January 1964 All agencies Highway and Health and Agriculture and public works welfare conservation All scientists........... 16,686 1,268 6,223 7,108 2,087 Total physical scientists.................. 2,585 773 625 916 271 1,431 254 555 475 147 1,047 502 15 433 97 107 17 55 8 27 Total life scientists... 8,255 50 2,157 5,920 128 Agricultural scien tists................ Bio-medical scientists Biological scientists. 3,284 2,035 2,936 33 11 87 1,933 137 3,120 91 2,709 44 5 79 Mathematicians......... Statisticians.......... 341 1,619 108 224 36 605 17 155 180 635 Total social scientists. 1,389 113 485 99 692 692 105 10 66 511 Occupation Chemists............. Geologists and geophysicists........... Other physical scientists................ 6 Other agencies Economists........... Sociologists and Anthropologists...... Other social scien tists ................ 202 “■— 133 23 46 495 8 342 10 135 Total psychologists.... 2,497 — 2,315 1 181 1,978 147 372 __ 1,945 142 228 __ 33 5 143 Clinical............. Social............... Other psychologists..• -- -1 4 - — 1 Table 6. Social Workers, by Type of Agency, O ccupation, and State, January 1964 All agencies Health State Total Medical Medical Psychi atric Other Total 6 c psychi Other 9,222 448 3,534 5,240 3,807 3,571 Northeast............... 2,818 173 1,072 1,573 1,125 1 ,1 1 0 234 92 425 18 438 1,174 162 248 27 10 7 29 — 48 44 14 19 42 31 222 182 54 174 41 43 239 41 32 239 8 10 8 8 125 496 133 514 133 510 — 4 122 122 — 23 23 2 23 3 265 634 26 206 22 2 2 2,357 64 953 1,340 1 ,0 1 0 926 343 93 156 162 400 175 174 105 23 215 24 487 28 251 61 44 84 181 79 62 38 64 30 Middle West............. Illinois.............. Indiana............... Iowa......... ....... .. Kansas................ Michigan.............. Minnesota............. Missouri.............. Nebraska.............. North Dakota.......... Ohio................... South Dakota.......... Wisconsin............. 2 1 5 8 7 8 3 -2 -- 122 10 74 6 63 Total atric Total.............. Connecticut........... Maine.................. Massachusetts....... .. New Hampshire......... New Jersey............ New York.............. Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... Vermont............... 111 73 211 89 104 64 13 139 18 424 255 61 65 74 182 79 117 43 253 61 43 74 182 79 65 39 10 10 53 53 6 6 65 61 -1 5 - Other agencies Welfare Medical & psychi atric Other Total 236 5,077 375 4,702 338 15 1,557 133 1,424 136 192 49 180 11 181 43 169 1 _ 11 — — 10 6 11 _ 6 10 -- 225 25 39 30 14 19 3 84 1,338 90 1,248 9 2 88 26 32 91 2 _ .... 88 15 7 7 4 62 30 89 73 222 634 20 — __ 22 — — — 52 4 — — _ 4 218 96 56 62 13 162 18 414 2 2 23 2 183 604 83 26 6 20 206 22 211 89 52 60 13 139 18 412 — _ 1 _ _ 8 Table 6. Social W orkers, by Type of Agency, Occupation, and State, lanuary 1964 - Continued State Total Medical 722 South................... . 2,240 102 A1 ................ Arkansas................ Delaware.............. . Florida............ . Georgia....... ......... 39 58 45 471 96 107 219 257 117 6 Maryland............... Psychi atric 2 4 _ 25 13 4 94 7 15 13 29 54 119 78 2 6 2 Other Total 1,416 834 8 30 15 43 37 377 87 38 87 150 109 63 Medical & psychi atric 733 -----8 764 74 841 108 28 ---- 21 --32 ------ 22 8 911 838 3 7 14 -14 2 6 _ Far West................. 1,807 109 787 36 41 731 80 162 25 33 26 65 103 137 275 93 2 6 28 8 8 1 19 566 38 21 20 20 576 46 43 14 3 576 46 37 14 3 12 10 2 18 3 19 76 — 4 3 17 26 -- 14 — 17 5 21 9 11 30 16 60 77 118 191 79 1 2 4 6 2 3 23 16 74 4 3 3 10 10 16- 2 --- 3 23 17 36 61 108 59 16 88 188 52 56 23 34 124 86 12 188 52 56 15 6 10 95 2 South Carolina......... Tennessee........... . IpyflRtT1,.............. VIrginla f.............. West Virginia.......... 8 5 -- -5 --— 23 3 44 4 43 35 376 74 30 78 148 59 56 109 15 190 53 56 15 69 127 107 122 4 41 34 370 73 30 73 148 59 56 4 26 13 7 8 43 65 1,341 128 51 251 161 115 39 ‘Alaska................. Arizona.......... ...... Cfll1 fornia............. Col orado......... . Hawaii................. Idaho.............. . Montana,, T............. NevadaTT............... ......... New Mex-f ro, Oregon................. Utah................... Washington............ . Wyoming, , - - T ...................................... 1,297 63 19 34 33 61 109 55 16 4 Total 771 4 6 Other Total 86 2 Medical & psychi atric Other 69 141 109 9 29 17 36 61 108 59 24 86 12 Other agencies Welfare Health All agencies 6 — -- 2 50 -- 154 34 107 11 30 14 47 79 94 199 23 2 1 6 1 2 1 1 2 2 58 13 -— 8 --49 1 -— 128 28 — 21 -- 122 1 34 107 12 11 30 14 46 77 92 141 10 -— 21 24 — 70 Table 7. Selected Health Professions in All Agencies, by Occupation and State, January 1964 All health professions Public health officers Total............. 36,153 819 3,795 4,443 1,019 21,559 1,083 3,435 Northeast............... 13,374 173 1,958 1,582 300 8,533 175 653 604 10 49 386 138 1,501 126 681 2,938 2,465 82 5 24 13 4 31 3 35 128 76 9 2 211 State Connecticut........... Maine.................. Massachusetts......... New Hampshire......... New Jersey............. New York.............. Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... Vermont............... 2,191 160 1,164 4,938 3,616 373 117 Middle West............. 6,338 1,403 441 340 431 821 Illinois.............. Indiana............... Iowa................... Kansas................ Michigan............. . Minnesota............. Missouri............... Nebraska.............. North Dakota.......... Ohio................... South Dakota.......... Wisconsin............. 688 395 183 72 978 Psychiatrists Physicians, all other Dentists Professional nurses Veterinarians (R.N.) Sanitarians 11 122 80 40 1 1,155 276 39 62 28 279 16 239 386 506 56 1 12 10 1 77 2 56 204 169 44 14 89 634 949 222 3,789 153 502 31 87 25 54 42 126 23 42 29 282 93 27 99 80 69 58 34 16 143 15 33 42 23 908 247 186 233 456 463 238 107 29 542 69 311 20 33 52 53 36 84 72 31 4 9 79 1 0 3 6 14 15 4 1 8 290 7 1 10 9 149 102 1 2 484 4 45 -1 7 - 6 9 27 22 20 8 4 39 1 21 221 6 22 10 56 1 20 47 84 3 1 11 6 34 24 2 . . 3 17 6 8 6 27 43 Table 7. Selected Health Professions in All Agencies, by Occupation and State, January 1964 -- Continued State All health professions Public health Psychiatrists officers South.................... 10,964 401 660 Alabama................ Arkansas............... Delaware............... Florida................ Georgia................ Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maryland............... Mississippi............ North Carolina......... Oklahoma............... South Carolina......... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Virginia............... West Virginia.......... 460 327 159 1,953 280 398 851 1,206 534 545 447 640 793 991 1,203 177 26 13 4 98 25 29 15 82 14 28 35 Far West................. 5,477 72 91 2,883 256 383 307 125 65 138 569 81 404 103 Alaska................. Arizona................ California............. Colorado............... Hawaii........... ...... Idaho.................. Montana................ Nevada................. New Mexico............. Oregon................. Utah................... Washington............. Wyoming................ Physicians, all other 1 ,1 2 0 5 38 26 Dentists Professional nurses (R.N.) 6,232 305 1,927 10 26 140 44 14 417 13 47 19 27 24 123 63 5 75 113 85 83 27 79 33 52 70 162 124 46 31 51 18 156 543 792 178 5 7 62 3 3 2 .. _ 6 9 541 35 1 2 34 43 31 — 15 26 39 16 53 8 5 3 4 13 25 6 10 5 111 4 12 48 12 21 10 22 5 38 9 8 20 21 3 113 5 5 2 17 2 5 3 4 87 9 26 3 12 2 8 53 5 5 18 12 2 64 16 12 2 343 24 28 6 18- Sanitarians 319 228 193 87 1,141 149 208 445 766 330 296 251 364 480 558 638 98 102 Veterinarians 6 1 65 7 5 16 31 3 49 35 15 6 22 21 226 150 125 36 85 148 154 15 86 22 3 252 7 3,005 450 353 50 53 1,624 156 186 109 48 32 77 346 33 235 56 •• w 12 5 168 20 20 146 38 5 8 32 13 115 26 17 8 2 31 20 20 2 13 11 17 40 14 Table 8. Technicians in All Agencies, by Occupation and State, January 1964 State Total technicians Draftsmen Surveyors Physical Agricul tural Engineering science technicians technicians technicians Biological technicians Medical and dental technicians Other technicians Total.............. 60,232 7,920 11,971 30,535 1,539 1,988 1,842 3,674 763 Northeast............... 8,801 927 1,616 4,210 227 250 203 1,138 230 Connecticut........... Maine................. Massachusetts......... New Hampshire......... New Jersey............ New York.............. Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... Vermont............... 892 391 1,246 75 718 2,623 2,188 299 369 157 29 358 209 621 30 333 799 1,441 147 272 6 46 26 54 5 29 67 12 96 310 152 28 36 250 60 172 3 104 794 133 65 35 24 135 10 - . . Middle West............. 13,917 2,887 2,611 1,787 632 1,936 1,137 1,572 1,683 1,309 533 270 2,016 107 935 335 81 554 63 241 687 331 90 316 Illinois.............. Indiana............... Iowa................... Kansas................ Michigan.............. Minnesota............. Missouri.............. Nebraska.............. North Dakota.......... Ohio................... South Dakota.......... Wisconsin............. 111 8 122 55 52 595 19 83 — 306 383 230 296 36 326 45 252 10 - - -- 13 4 61 27 205 16 94 279 398 49 9 6,266 555 413 305 718 162 801 323 883 904 649 475 839 79 136 834 7 336 57 24 17 72 166 3 76 59 31 44 101 96 98 33 55 148 49 4 25 9 115 26 60 22 19 27 55 12 28 81 8 1 — 49 4 24 — 35 20 25 78 31 3 91 14 19 1 3 14 1 2 54 53 . . 122 7 2 9 4 1 10 158 46 -- 16 7 9 18 7 4 2 3 38 10 26 Table 8. Technicians in All Agencies, by Occupation and State, January 1964 -- Continued Physical Agricul Engineering science tural Surveyors technicians technicians technicians Total technicians Draftsmen 24,336 2,473 4,586 14,476 509 343 Alabama............... Arkansas.............. Delaware.............. Florida............... Georgia............... Kentucky............... Louisiana............. Maryland.............. Mississippi........... North Carolina........ Oklahoma.............. South Carolina...... .. Tennessee............. Texas......... ........ Virginia.............. West Virginia.......... 2,150 655 395 2,601 1,381 1,595 2,217 1,014 1,217 986 630 902 1,777 3,893 2,397 526 93 31 28 189 152 104 278 154 97 40 134 48 113 512 464 36 1,504 251 69 248 190 458 308 231 1,806 919 22 21 11 14 24 61 14 4 3 26 36 -- 46 18 13 Far West....... ......... 13,178 Alaska................ Arizona............... California............ Colorado.............. Hawaii................ Idaho...... ........... Montana.......... . Nevada................ New Mexico............ Oregon................ Utah............. ..... Washington........ . Wyoming............... 342 784 6,250 769 306 598 691 223 568 659 State South................... 7 24 23 19 7 9 5 13 21 10 24 41 395 78 28 9 32 21 2 5,583 248 982 766 603 205 139 270 2,792 466 126 289 488 116 160 34 45 5 32 MM 9 561 5 2 86 74 80 470 19 5 5 58 17 33 334 1,240 62 43 162 86 24 67 36 154 6 41 70 757 83 79 48 117 34 95 53 91 79 47 20 17 5 58 63 58 3,158 853 467 1 11 __ ____ 1,633 668 166 43 — 26 96 368 203 83 309 464 50 40 263 367 316 240 52 1,215 6 1 ,1 1 2 1,246 589 1,048 729 89 545 1,470 2,581 1,073 272 6 Other technicians 52 14 __ — 55 5 26 14 55 122 — 568 Medical and dental technicians 24 160 29 67 160 29 17 82 517 112 Biological technicians 88 314 301 -2 0 - 2 2 32 3 240 — 2 — — 10 15 123 2 12 1 11 10 8 22 34 340 34 32 34 52 7 16 85 31 98 5 11 12 .. — 17 — 50 3 16 17 72 11 12 7 8 1 8 7 5 10 7 16 13 46 8 Table 9. Technicians by Type of Agency and Occupation, January 1964 Occupation All technicians......... Draftsmen............. Surveyors.............. Engineering technicians Physicall science technicians............... Agricultural technicians............... Biological technicians. Medical and dental technicians.... ........... Other technicians...... All agencies Highway and public works Health and Agriculture welfare conservation and Other agencies 60,232 50,127 4,693 4,247 1,165 7,920 11,971 30,535 7,501 11,710 29,885 36 190 208 227 180 175 32 280 1,539 894 309 248 88 1,988 1,842 10 — 52 486 1,916 1,334 22 3,674 763 — 127 3,526 92 103 31 45 513 2 21- 10 Table 10. Scientists, Engineers, Social W orkers, Selected Health-Related Professionals, and Technicians P rim arily Engaged in Research, by State, lanuary 1964 Number engaged in research as percent o1 total number in occupation Number engaged in research State All occu pations Scien tists Total........ ...... 4,816 Northeast.......... . *.. 1,308 819 Connecticut........... Maine................. Massachusetts......... New Hampshire......... New Jersey............ New York.............. Pennsylvania.......... Rhode Island.......... Vermont............... 63 45 65 23 93 831 168 16 4 36 44 26 18 49 552 78 Middle West............. 1,310 Illinois.............. Indiana............... Iowa.................. Kansas................ Michigan.............. Minnesota............. Missouri.............. Nebraska.............. North Dakota.......... Ohio.................. South Dakota.......... Wisconsin............. 454 16 17 205 230 79 77 20 22 107 25 58 2 ,8 6 6 Engi neers Social workers Selected health related profess ionals Tech nicians All occu pations Scien tists neers Engi Selected Social health workers related profess ionals 744 99 187 920 3.1 17.2 2 .2 1 .1 109 28 111 241 3.6 2 2 .6 1.4 1 .0 2 8 2.4 3.8 2.7 --.5 — 3.2 1 .0 1 .0 1 .8 1.4 .4 13.8 24.2 5.7 25.0 17.9 39.6 9.7 12.4 5.1 2.5 — — -— — — — 0 .2 17 — — — 1 — 5 2 21 11 1 .2 — 6 — 14 5 23 12 112 — — — 87 — — — 3.4 2.5 6.5 790 254 54 12 200 3.9 19.0 3.5 2.3 242 14 16 115 119 49 67 15 16 70 56 — — 89 55 50 — — — — — — 4 — — 6 100 2 — 7.7 .7 3.6 — — 14.6 — — — — — — 29.4 4.0 8.4 40.6 16.3 15.3 25.1 13.0 18.2 14.3 21.5 11.3 — 68 9 4 12 4 20 47 12 4 1 3 26 5 3 — 1 — — 1 — 2 81 — — 1 .6 1 8.4 5.2 2.3 55 18 4 — 3 11 — 1 22. 2 .1 7 2 .6 1.7 3.5 2.5 5.3 1.9 .4 — .6 2 .6 .8 2 0 .8 5.8 2 .2 .5 .4 1 .6 3.9 3.3 .4 — — — — — 3.8 — — — 0.5 .8 .3 — — .1 Tech nicians 1.5 2.7 .9 .3 .9 6.7 3.2 4.3 3.7 -— 1 o4 .4 .5 — — 5.6 — .1 3.5 — .5 — — — 1 .1 .1 .1 .3 — 1 .1 .5 — — .2 .7 Table 10. Scientists, Engineers, Social W orkers, Selected Health-Related Professionals, and Technicians Prim arily Engaged in Research, by State, January 1964 - Continued 1lumber Numbe r engaged in resea::ch State All occu pations SOUth .................... 1,170 Alabama................ Arkansas............... Delaware............... Florida................ Georgia................ Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maryland............... Mississippi............ North Carolina......... Oklahoma............... South Carolina......... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Virginia............... West Virginia.......... 23 41 7 251 40 54 189 37 29 27 57 19 84 131 141 40 Far West.... . Alaska......... . Arizona................ California............. Colorado............... Hawaii................. Idaho.............. . Montana................ Nevada........ . New Mexico............. Oregon...... . Utah___ ............... Washington............. Wyoming................ 1,028 Scien tists Engi neers 614 161 22 1 28 5 116 9 21 20 11 12 17 33 16 17 14 22 34 19 69 111 76 33 643 1 6 9 3 23 — 2 10 14 Selected Social health workers related profess ionals 4 32 359 __ — — .... __ 1 10 103 1 8 22 — — — 2 1 2 1 — — — -— — — — 5 1 220 13 — — — — 3 5 5 -32 8 4 .... _ 12 11 1 — — 498 54 108 26 31 364 25 19 4 14 2 2 20 20 100 19 135 77 10 10 1 — — 2 — 83 8 — — — 6 9 36 — — 11.3 19.3 8.9 17.9 1 1 .0 .1 6 3.5 .9 2.4 1.9 2.7 3.5 9.9 22.9 24.4 12.5 18.3 120 2.9 15.2 2 .0 1 1.3 4.5 6.5 1 .2 3.9 1.5 6 .6 4.8 4.4 10.9 1 .2 6 .1 6 1 .2 2 1 .0 5.6 5.9 137 9 10 5 46 — — 1 .8 1 .0 22 2 1 3 59 7 .6 1.9 4.6 1.3 2.7 1.7 2.4 6.7 1.3 3.6 .4 19.2 — .5 .7 1.7 ,4 1 — 13.1 3.0 5 — — — — 2.3 4 — 13 107 25 27 Tech nicians eng£iged in re search as percent of to :al number in occupation Selected All occu Scien Engi Social Tech health pations tists workers related neers nicians profess ionals 1 2 .1 2 .8 2 2 .0 3.0 8.3 13.5 10.3 2.5 1.7 5.1 10.4 .9 .5 — — 2 .2 15 — — 2.3 .3 1 2 .2 1 .8 1 2 .8 1 8 1 .0 3 2 .2 3 12 3.8 1.3 4.3 15.4 1 2.5 3.1 1 .0 -23 17.3 12.5 __ — — .2 — .9 .9 — -— — -— — — 0.7 0.3 1.5 __ — «.5 .4 .5 .... .1 .4 — — -— .4 .5 .4 -0 .6 __ .6 .3 4.0 .6 1.4 6 .2 .9 .5 .2 -.6 .1 1.9 1 .1 0.9 .3 .8 21 2 .0 0»2 .7 1.3 .8 .8 .1 — — .8 19.3 3.5 — — — ~ -2.5 __ — — 2 .2 .2 1 .2 — 1 .2 .4 .7 1.4 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S W a s h in g t o n , D.C. 20210 In reply please refer to No. 341 Gentlemen: The Bureau of Labor Statistics is conducting a survey to provide data on the 1964 employment of scientific and technical personnel by the 50 State governments. The findings of this survey, together with similar studies of other segments of our economy, will be used in assessing the countryTs present and future needs for scientists, engineers, technicians, and other selected specialists, and in formulat ing policies and programs to strengthen our resources of such personnel. We hope the results will also be useful to State governments in evaluating their own scientific manpower needs and policies. Two labeled questionnaires are enclosed for your use. Please return one in the enclosed envelope, which requires no postage, and retain the other for your files. We would greatly appreciate your careful attention to the following 1. It is important that we receive your reply even if your organization does not employ scientists, engi neers, technicians, or any of the other specialists indicated on the questionnaire. 2. Where precise information is not available, please make estimates. We shall be extremely grateful for your very early response-within the next few days, if possible. If you have any ques tions regarding coverage or the interpretation of the question naire, please call Mr. Jack Golomb of our Washington staff (Area Code 202, 961-2465) or write to me. Sincerely yours Enclosures ~24~ Budgat Bureau No. 44-R1181.1 Approval axpires Juno 30, 1965 B I S. No. 2645 (R«vi««d Juno 1, 1964) A SURVEY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL EMPLOYED BY STATE GOVERNMENTS 1964 Conducted by the U.S. DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics Data should apply, if possible, to the pay period which in cludes January 12, 1964. All information supplied on this form will be used for statis tical purposes only and will not be published in a manner which will disclose information concerning individual agencies without their permission. If you employ ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS, SOCIAL WORKERS, persons in any of the SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS listed under item 5.00 on page 2, or TECHNICIANS, please complete the entire questionnaire, supplying as much information as possi ble. Reasonable estimates will be satisfactory if precise data are not available. PLEASE N O TE.— Even if you do not have em ployees in these occupational categories, please complete this page. IDENTIFICATION If additional copies of the questionnaire would be helpful, they may be obtained upon request. Mail completed questionnaire to: COMMISSIONER OF LABOR STATISTICS U.S. DEPARTMENT O F LABOR __________________Washington, D. C. 20210_______________ REPORTING UNIT REPORTING UNIT (See definition 1) ~i This questionnaire should cover the REPORTING identified at left, unless a special letter is enclosed asking you to omit certain subdivisions. UNIT Please complete and return one copy of this report in the enclosed envelope. The extra copy is for your files. J L (C h an ge address if incorrect) Terms in HEAVY CAPITALS are defined on Pages 3, 4, and 5. Please read definitions carefully. January 1964 1. Total employment, by major occupational group: 1.00 Enter the TOTAL NUMBER OF PAID EMPLOYEES of the REPORTING UNIT— definition 2; include both full- and part-time employees .................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................... 2.00 ENGINEERS—Enter here and on line 2.00, column 2, page 2— (definition 3) ............................................................. ..................................... 3.00 SCIENTISTS—Enter here and on line 3.00, column 2, page 2— (definition 6) ............................................................. ..................................... 4.00 SOCIAL WORKERS— Enter here and on line 4.00, column 5, page 2— (definition 18) ............................................ ..................................... 5.00 SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS— Enter here and on line 5.00, column 5, page 2— (definition 19) ....................... ..................................... 6.00 TECHNICIANS (exclude skilled craftsmen)— Enter here and on line 6.00, column 5, page 2— (definition 21) . . . ---------------------------7.00 All other employees (line 1.00 minus lines 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00, and 6.00) ......................................................... ..................................... IF YOU EMPLOY ANY SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, TECHNICIANS, SOCIAL WORKERS, OR PERSONS IN SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS (ENTRIES ON LINES 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00 AND 6.00), PI.EASE COMPLETE THE REMAINDER OF THIS FORM. COMPLETE ONLY THIS PAGE IF ENTRIES ON LINES 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, 5.00 AND 6.00 ARE ALL ZERO. Person to be contacted if questions arise concerning this report: Name._________ ________________________________________ Telephone No.. T itle __________ ___ __________________________________________________ -2 5 - TERMS IN HEAVY CAPITALS ARE DEFINED. PLEASE READ DEFINITIONS CAREFULLY 2. OCCUPATION AN D FUNCTION. RESEARCH in January 1964. Please enter below the total number of employees in each listed occupation and the number primarily engaged in OCCUPATION TOTAL OCCUPATION TOTAL (A person working in a combination of the (Entries on lines listed occupations—such as a biochemist;— 2.00 and 3 00 should be counted in the occupation with should be the which his work is most closely associated. same as the cor Count each employee in only one occupation.) responding entries on page 1.) Employed primarily in RESEARCHdefinition 22 (A person working in a combination of the (Entries on lines listed occupations—such as a worker doing 4.00, 3.00 and both drafting and surveying — should be 6.00 should be counted in the occupation with which his the same as the corresponding work is most closely associated. Count each entries on employee in only one occupation.) page 1.) 2.00 2.02 (2) Total ENGINEERS— definition 3 .. (exclude sanitarians— see line 5.07)— definition 5. SANITARY 3.00 Total SCIENTISTS— definition 6 .. 3.10 Total PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS— 3.12, Geologists and geophysicists. 3.19 Other physical scientists 3.20 AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS— d efin itio n 0 ....................... 3.22 BIO-MEDICAL SCIENTISTS— d efin itio n 1 0 ................... 3.29 BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS except AGRICULTURAL and BIO-MEDICAL — definition 11 3.30 3.31 3.40 Total SOCIAL WORKERS— definition 18 ......................... 4.01 Medical— (see definition 18) . 4.02 Psychiatric— (see definition 18) ...................................... 4.09 Other social workers— (s e e d e fin itio n 18) ............. 5.00 Total SELECTED HEALTH PROFES SIONS — d efin itio n IQ 5.01 Public health officers (M .D.) 5.02 Psychiatrists (M .D .) ............. 5.03 Physicians, all other (M.D. and D .O .) ......................... 5.04 Dentists (D.D.S. or D.D.M.) 5.05 Professional Nurses (R .N .). 5.06 Veterinarians (D.V.M .) . . . . 5.07 SANITARIANS — definition 20 . Total TECHNICIANS— definition 21 ................................... Am D ra fts m e n . . . . A 02 S urveyors 6.03 Engineering technicians (except draftsmen and 6.04 Physical science technicians (working in chemistry, geology, physics, etc.) . . . . 6.05 Agricultural technicians . . . . 6 06 P jn ln g i^ l 6.07 Medical and dental technicians (include serology techni cians, encephalographers, e tc ) .......................... 6.09 Other TECHNICIANS M ATHEM ATICIANS— STATISTICIANS— Total SOCIAL SCIENTISTS— (except psychologists and so cial workers—see lines 3.50 and 4.00)—definition 14 . . . ^ 4l A n th ro p o lo g is ts ECONOMISTS— 3.43 SOCIOLOGISTS— 3.49 Other social scientists— ( please specify) s u rv e y o rs ) definition 15 . definition 16 Total PSYCHOLOGISTS— (include practitioners) — d e fin itio n 17 ............. definition 13 3.42 3.50 4.00 6.00 definition ...................................... (5) (4) Total M ATHEM ATICIANS and S T A TIS TIC IA N S ....................... 12 3.32 (3) Total LIFE SCIENTISTS— 3.21 ^h n iriarK . . . ................ 3.51 Clinical— (see definition 17) 3.52 Social— (see definition 17) 3.59 Other psychologists— (see definition 17) ......... .. RESEARCH- PLEASE DO NOT LEAVE BLANKS. ENTER “ O " WHERE APPLICABLE. PLEASE DO NOT 1.EAVE BLANKS. ENTER “ O ” WHEItE APPLICABLE. m Employed primarily in definition 22 26 - (61 7.00 Please list major organizational divisions or sections of the REPORTING UNIT and give the total number of paid employees in each. Total number of paid employees Name of sub-unit January 1964 NOTE: We would appreciate receiving copies of pamphlets or other printed material describing the work performed by scientific and technical personnel in the REPORTING UNIT. D E F IN IT IO N S 1. REPORTING UNIT— The State government agency or other State unit identified on the front page of this ques tionnaire. Include all the subdivisions and organizational units within that State agency, except for the exclusions specifi cally listed in this definition. Exclude State universities and colleges, agricultural experiment stations, agricultural extension services, and hospitals affiliated with State universities. However, include all other State agencies which are located at State colleges and universities. 2. TOTAL NUMBER OF PAID EMPLOYEES— All permanent and temporary employees paid by the reporting unit, except for the exclusions specifically listed in this definition. Include employees on State payrolls who work with local and county agencies. All classified, unclassified, and contract employees, exempt employees, laborers, and others paid directly by the reporting unit should be included. Consultants and practitioners (medical doctors, nurses, etc.), whether paid by project, fee, or other basis, should be included only if they were employed full time during the reporting period or if it is known that their part-time employment by the reporting unit was their primary employment. Exclude unpaid personnel, part-time consultants primarily employed elsewhere, and personnel on the payroll of contracting firms. 3. ENGINEERS— Count as engineers all persons actually engaged in chemical, civil, electrical, mechanical, metallurgi cal and all other types o f professional engineering work at a level which requires knowledge o f engineering equivalent at least to that acquired through completion of a 4-year college course with a major in one of these fields, regardless of whether they hold a college degree in the field. Include engineers in research, planning, inspection, administration, tech nical writing, and other positions which require them to use the indicated level of knowledge in their work. Exclude per sonnel trained in engineering but now employed in positions not requiring the use of such training. Include architectural engineers but exclude architects. Also exclude stationary engineers. Draftsmen and engineering aides should be counted in the TECHNICIANS category. 4. CIVIL ENGINEERS— Count as civil engineers all personnel engaged in architectural, construction, highway, and all other civil engineering specialties, except sanitary engineering, which is reported separately. Include city planners if their work is essentially engineering (per definition 3, above). 5. SANITARY ENGINEERS— Count as sanitary engineers those engineers who conceive, design, appraise, direct, and manage engineering works and projects developed, as a whole or in part, for the protection and promotion o f the public health, particularly as it relates to the improvement of man’s environment. Also, count those engineers who investigate and correct engineering works and other projects that are capable of injury to the public health by being or becoming faulty in conception, design, direction, or management. Examples o f areas of work are water supply, treatment, and distribution; collection, treatment, and disposal of community wastes; control of water and atmospheric pollution; milk and food sani tation; housing and institutional sanitation; and prevention o f radiation exposure. Do not include sanitarians; they are to be reported on line 5.07. 6. SCIENTISTS— Count as scientists all persons actually engaged in scientific work at a level which requires a knowl edge of physical, mathematical, statistical, biological, agricultural, social, economic, political, psychological or other sciences equivalent at least to that acquired through completion o f a 4-year college course with a major in these fields, regardless of whether they hold a degree in the field. Include scientists in research, planning, inspection, administration, technical service, technical writing, technical drawing and exhibit design, data collection, and all other positions which require them -27 to use the indicated level of scientific knowledge in their work. Exclude personnel trained in these science fields but now employed in positions not requiring the use of such training. Medical doctors, dentists, veterinarians, and SANITARIANS should be counted in SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS; see definition 19. (See definitions 7 to 17 for specific cate gories o f scientists.) 7. PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS— Count as physical scientists all chemists, physicists, metallurgists, geologists, geophysicists, and all other physical and earth scientists. 8. LIFE SCIENTISTS— Count as life scientists all personnel actually engaged in scientific work requiring a knowledge of agricultural, medical, or biological sciences. (See definitions 9, 10, and 11 for specific categories of life scientists.) 9. AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS— Count as agricultural scientists all scientists who spend the greatest amount of their time in understanding and improving agricultural productivity. These scientists work in such fields as agronomy, animal husbandry, dairy technology, food technology, forestry, horticulture, farm or range management, and soil culture. Veteri narians should be reported in SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS (see definition 19). 10. BIO-MEDICAL SCIENTISTS— Count as bio-medical scientists those persons engaged in such biological sciences as anatomy, bacteriology, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and physiology. Exclude physicians, dentists, public health specialists, pharmacists, and other health personnel. They should be counted in SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS (see definition 1 9). Exclude plant pathologists and plant physiologists. They should be counted in BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS (see definition 1 1). 11. BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS except AGRICULTURAL and BIO-MEDICAL — Count in this category all biological scientists who are not counted as either agricultural or bio-medical scientists. Include botanists, ecologists, entomologists, plant pathologists, plant physiologists, zoologists, etc. 12. M ATHEM ATICIANS— Count as mathematicians only those persons whose position requires knowledge o f mathe matics equivalent at least to that acquired through a 4-year college course with a major in mathematics and who spend the greatest amount of their time in the development and application of mathematical techniques. Include actuaries and mathe matical analysts. Include statisticians and computer programmers only if they specialize in mathematical techniques. Statis ticians engaged primarily in the application of statistical techniques should be included in the STATISTICIANS category. Exclude accountants. 13. STATISTICIANS— Count as statisticians all persons other than those reported as mathematicians, who are primar ily engaged in the recurrent application of statistical techniques which involve the use of mathematical-statistical theory equivalent to that taught at the college level, regardless of type of college degree held. Statistical techniques include the design o f surveys or experiments as well as the collection, organization, interpretation, or analysis of numerical data. Such data may represent either complete enumeration or statistical samples. Persons covered in the framework of this definition may be employed in social science fields such as economics, political science, demography, or psychology; in engineering fields; or in physical or life science fields, such as biology, agriculture, pharamcology, or medicine. Do not include statisticians who are engaged solely in the development of mathematical theory associated with the general application of statistical techniques— these persons should be reported in M ATHEM ATICIANS. Exclude accountants. 14. SOCIAL SCIENTISTS— Count as social scientists all persons actually engaged in social scientific work at a level which requires a knowledge of social, economic, political, or cultural sciences equivalent at least to that acquired through completion of a 4-year college course with a major in one of these fields, regardless of whether they hold a college degree. Include anthropologists, archivists, criminologists, demographers, economists, historians, penologists, political scientists, so ciologists, etc. Include those engaged in research,* planning, administration, technical service, technical writing, and all other positions which require them to use the indicated level of knowledge in their work. Exclude psychologists (see lines 3.50, 3.51, 3.52 and 3.59) and social workers (see lines 4.00, 4.01, 4.02, 4.09). 15. ECONOMISTS— Count as economists those social scientists who analyze, forecast, or interpret economic condi tions and trends. Their work will normally include the study of economic factors and their interrelationships. Examples of such factors are: employment, taxes, revenues, and wage rates. Exclude accountants. 16. SOCIOLOGISTS— Count as sociologists those social scientists who study the groups which man forms— families, tribes, communities, villages, and states, and a great variety of social, religious, professional, business, and other organiza tions which have arisen out of living together. Sociologists study the behaviour of these groups, trace their origin and growth, and analyze the influence of group activities on individual members. They may specialize in certain areas o f study such as intergroup relations, the effects of urban living, or social organization. 17. PSYCHOLOGISTS— Count as psychologists all persons concerned with the investigation, application, or establish ment of principles of human behavior. Clinical psychologists . . . Count as clinical psychologists those psychologists who interview patients, give diagnostic tests, and provide individual and group psychotherapy to maladjusted or disturbed people. Their research functions are concerned with psychotherapy, personality development, and adjustment. These peo ple generally work in mental hospitals or clinics; Social psychologists . . . Count in this category the psychologists em ployed in the study of the social forces of groups, cultures, and society that affect individual behavior. Psychologists, all other . . . Include in this category such groups as the comparative (anim al), counseling, developmental, educational, ex perimental, industrial, and physiological psychologists. 18. SOCIAL WORKERS— Count in this category all persons actually working as social workers who either have a master’s degree in social work (M .S.W .) or are working at a level requiring knowledge equivalent to that which would be acquired in obtaining the M.S.W . degree. Medical social workers are those providing administration, supervision, and services in hospitals and their outpatient departments, clinics, and health programs; and those administering and providing staff consultation and conducting research with respect to medical and public health social work programs. Psychiatric -28- social workers are those providing administration, supervision and services in mental hospitals, clinics, mental health dem onstration programs, community mental health centers, and mental retardation services and those administering, consult ing, and providing staff assistance and conducting research with respect to psychiatric social work and mental health pro grams. Social workers, all other are those engaged in the provision of social services (excluding medical and psychiatric) in important related agencies such as welfare, education and correction. 19. SELECTED HEALTH PROFESSIONS— Include in this category physicians, dentists, psychiatrists, registered nurses, veterinarians, public health officers, and sanitarians, whether engaged in practice, research, or other activities. Exclude school nurses, practical nurses, auxiliary nursing workers, nursing aides, orderlies and attendants. Please note definition 2, TO TA L NUMBER OF PAID EMPLOYEES, regarding exclusion of certain part-time employees. 20. SANITARIANS— Count as sanitarians persons concerned with health and sanitation standards and regulations and other environmental health programs. Include those persons who plan and supervise the administration of sanitation laws and regulations, develop and conduct sanitation tests, and inspect and investigate sanitation conditions and facilities. Do not include sanitary engineers; they are to be reported on line 2.02. 21. TECHNICIANS— Count as technicians all persons actually engaged in technical work at a level which requires knowledge of engineering, mathematical, medical, dental, biological or other natural sciences comparable to the knowledge acquired through technical institutes, junior colleges, or other formal post-high school training less extensive than 4-year college training, or through equivalent on-the-job training or experience. Some typical job titles are: draftsmen, survey ors, engineering aides, laboratory technicians, and assistants, serology technicians, conservationist aides, electronic techni cians, X-ray technicians, and museum technicians. Computer programmers who meet the above definition of technician should be reported on line 6.09 "other technicians.” Exclude personnel whose positions require knowledge or training consistent with definitions for scientists, engineers, and mathematicians. Exclude skilled workers and craftsmen such as electricians, machinists, plumbers, and radio and T.V . repairmen. 22. RESEARCH— Enter in columns 3 and 6 on page 2 the number of persons included in columns 1 and 4 who spend the greatest amount of their time performing or supervising basic, and applied investigation in order to advance knowledge in the natural and social sciences, engineering, or the health professions. Include those persons primarily en gaged in technical development activities concerned with solving nonroutine problems encountered in applying research findings or other general scientific knowledge to specific projects or processes. Exclude persons who spend the greatest amount o f their time in quality control, routine testing, routine gathering of statistics, or other nontechnical activities or technical services. Include those social scientists who spend the greatest amount of their time in analyzing and testing data. -2 9 ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1967 O - 266-837
@FedFRASER