Full text of Employment and Payrolls : October 1941
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Serial No. R. 1416 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF Frances Perkins, Secretary LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T I S T I C S Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave) EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Prepared by DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Lewis E» Talbert, Chief and DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT Herman B. Byer, Chief OCTOBER 1941 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING O F F I C E • W A S H I N G T O N • 1942 CONTENTS Summary of employment reports for October 1941: Total nonagricultural employment Industrial and business employment Public employment Detailed tables for October 1941: Nonagricultural employment Industrial and business employment Public employment Page 1 1 3 5 7 31 Tables SUMMARY TABLE 1.—Regular Federal services and projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds—summary of employment and pay rolls, September and October 1941 NONAGRICULTURAL TABLE TABLE EMPLOYMENT 2.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups. 3.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE 6 13 19 25 26 27 29 EMPLOYMENT TABLE 10.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment and pay rolls, September and October 1941 TABLE 11.—Regular Federal appropriations, construction projects—employment, pay rolls, man-hours worked, hourly earnings, and value of material orders placed, by type of project, October 1941.. 6 EMPLOYMENT 4.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, October 1941 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, August through October 1941 6.—Additional manufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, August, September, and October 1941 7.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, October 1940 through October 1941 8.—Metropolitan areas—indexes of factory employment 9.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wage-rate changes during month ending October 15, 1941 PUBLIC 5 ni) 33 33 IV Page TABLE 12.—United States Housing Authority, low-rent housing-construction projects—employment, pay rolls, man-hours worked, hourly earnings, and value of material orders placed, by geographic division, October 1941 TABLE 13.—Public Works Administration, Federal and non-Federal construction projects—employment, pay rolls, man-hours worked, hourly earnings, and value of material orders placed, by type of project, October 1941 TABLE 14.—Reconstruction Finance Corporation, construction projects— employment, pay rolls, man-hours worked, hourly earnings, and value of material orders placed, by type of project, October 1941 TABLE 15.—Work Projects Administration, defense and nondefense projects—employment, pay rolls, man-hours worked, and hourly earnings, October 1941 TABLE 16.—Work Projects Administration program, by type of project— employment, pay rolls, man-hours worked, and hourly earnings, September 1941 : TABLE 17.—National Youth Administration, student work program and out-of-school work program—employment and pay rolls, September and October 1941 TABLE 18.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls, by type of personnel, September and October 1941 TABLE 19.—State roads, construction and maintenance projects financed wholly from State or local funds—employment and pay rolls, October 1940, and September and October 1941 34 34 35 35 35 36 36 36 Employment and Pay Rolls S U M M A R Y OF R E P O R T S OF E M P L O Y M E N T O C T O B E R 1941 FOR Total Nonagricultural Employment TOTAL civil nonagricultural employment in October amounted to 40,767,000 according to revised estimates, an increase of approximately 59,000 over September, 3,392,000 since October 1940, and more than 3,400,000 since the 1929 peak. In each month since February 1941, the total has exceeded all previously recorded levels. These figures do not include the armed forces, C. C. C. enrollees, or workers on W. P. A. and N. Y. A. projects; the armed forces numbered 2,014,000 in the month of October, and other emergency employment totaled 1,780,000. Private factory employment as a whole showed virtually no change from mid-September to mid-October, the gain in the durable-goods industries having been offset by a decline in the nondurable-goods group, due largely to a seasonal decrease in canning. Contract construction employment (which includes employees of construction contractors only and does not include construction workers employed directly by other industries) showed a gain of 44,000 and the number of workers engaged in trade increased by 60,000. Finance, service, and miscellaneous establishments reduced their forces by 73,000 and the remaining groups showed little change. Gains in nonagricultural employment between October 1940 and October 1941 were reported by all major groups as follows: Manufacturing (1,872,000); Federal, State, and local Government (390,000); trade (362,000); contract construction (326,000); transportation and public utilities (243,000); finance, service, and miscellaneous (147,000); and mining (52,000). The military and naval forces of the Nation increased 1,281,000 persons during the past year, while other emergency employment decreased 911,000. The reductions were distributed as follows: W. P. A., 733,000; N. Yr A., 22,700; and C. C. C., 146,000. Industrial and Business Employment Gains in employment between mid-September and mid-October were reported by 88 of the 157 manufacturing and 6 of the 16 non- (l) 2 manufacturing industries regularly surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Pay-roll increases were reported in 107 manufacturing and 11 nonmanufacturing industries. For all manufacturing industries combined, the gains were 0.1 percent in employment (11,100 wage earners) and 2.5 percent in weekly wages ($7,756,000). The durable-goods group of manufacturing industries showed gains of 1.3 percent in employment and 4.3 percent in pay rolls, while the nondurable-goods group reported declines of 1.2 percent in employment and 0.2 percent in pay rolls. Among the industries which contributed to the gains in the durable-goods group were aircraft, engines, electrical machinery, foundry and machineshop products, machine-tool accessories, and machine tools. Two important defense industries showed slight decreases in employment due largely to material shortages, namely, "blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills" and "brass, bronze, and copper products." Other durable-goods industries showing employment declines were: Tin cans and other tinware (10.3) percent; cement (2.2 percent) ; brick, tile, and terra cotta (2.0 percent); smelting and refining of copper, lead, and zinc (1.6 percent); wirework (1.5 percent); and sawmills (1.4 percent). The major employment decline among the nondurablegoods industries was the seasonal decrease in canning and preserving (32.1 percent). Other nondurable-goods industries showing declines due partly to seasonal factors or to material shortages were: Millinery (9.5 percent), corsets and allied garments (9.0 percent), knitted cloth (6.2 percent), beverages (4.0 percent), women's clothing (2.8 percent), and silk and rayon goods (2.2 percent). A comparison with June 1940, when the defense program was inaugurated, showed that employment of wage earners in all private manufacturing industries combined had increased by more than 2,500,000 or 31 percent. Of this total 1,100,000 workers were absorbed in the following 18 defense industries: Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills; foundry and machine-shop products; electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies; smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc; brass, bronze, and copper products; aluminum manufactures; machine tools; machine-tool accessories; abrasives; screwmachine products; aircraft; aero engines; shipbuilding; firearms; ammunition; explosives; optical goods; and instruments. Among the nonmanufacturing industries surveyed, wholesale trade employment showed a "seasonal increase of 1.0 percent and retail trade a slightly smaller than seasonal gain of 0.9 percent. Slight employment gains were also reported in anthracite and bituminous-coal mining, metal mining, and telephone and telegraph exchanges. The remaining nonmanufacturing industries showed employment declines, the largest being in laundries (1.8 percent), private building construction (1.3 percent), and electric light and power (1.1 percent). 3 A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for class I steam railroads showed an employment gain of 0.5 percent between September and October, the total number employed in October being 1,217,750. Corresponding pay-roll figures for October were not available when this report was prepared. For September they were $196,757,736, a decrease of $3,195,439 since August. This decrease was due to the fact that September had only 30 days as against 31 days for August. Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners were 41.1 in October, a gain of 0.4 percent since September. The corresponding average hourly earnings were 77.0 cents, a gain of 1.7 percent over the preceding month. The average weekly earnings of factory wage earners (both full and part time combined) were $32.89, an increase of 2.3 percent since September. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries regularly surveyed, 10 reported an increase in average weekly earnings. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hours are available, 7 showed gains in average hours worked per week and 12 reported increases in average hourly earnings. Wage-rate increases averaging 8.7 percent and affecting 400,060 wage earners were reported by 1,186 manufacturing plants out of a reporting sample of approximately 34,000 plants employing nearly 7,800,000 wage earners. About 72,000 workers out of a sample of more than 3,000,000 were reported as having received wage increases in nonmanufacturing industries. About half of these were anthracite miners. As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Public Employment Employment in all regular branches of the Federal Government excluding the military and naval forces, increased 24,000 in the month of October and reached a total of 1,521,000 persons. Civilian employees of the War and Navy Departments and of such defense agencies as the Office for Emergency Management and the Selective Service System, which are included in the above figure, numbered 703,000, or 46 percent of all regular Federal employees. These 4 defense departments and agencies accounted for 85 percent of the 421,000 increase in employment since October 1940. Employees inside the District of Columbia represented 13 percent of those in the executive service in October 1941, and force-account employees (employees on the pay roll of the United States Government who are 4 engaged on construction projects and whose period of employment terminates as the project is completed) represented 12 percent. The military service, including the uniformed personnel of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard, added 22,000 persons in the past month. The total of 2,014,000 persons engaged in military activities in the month of October represented a gain over a year ago of 1,281,000. In addition to the direct employment in the regular Federal service, the Government also gave employment on construction projects and on work-relief programs. All construction projects, including those financed by P. W. A. and R. F. C. funds, and low-rent housing projects of the U. S. H. A., in the month ending October 15, employed 1,092,000 persons of whom almost 80 percent were engaged in defense construction. During the month, employment increases of almost 119,000 on defense construction projects (mainly on nonresidential building construction and the construction of naval and other vessels) more than offset the minor decreases in nondefense construction work. Pay rolls for all construction projects were $164,224,000 in the current month. Of this amount, $136,733,000, or 83 percent of the total, was for defense work. Of the various types of construction projects, those financed from appropriations to regular Federal agencies employed the largest number of persons. Employees on such projects have increased during the past year from 84 to 94 percent of those on all Federal construction projects and numbered 1,023,000 persons in the current month, as compared with 477,000 a year ago. Work-relief programs, including the W. P. A., N. Y. A., and C. C. C., showed an increase in personnel of 208,000 over the past month, due mainly to the continued seasonal expansion of the school-work program of the N. Y. A. Over the past year, however, personnel on work-relief programs was reduced 911,000 and payrolls were reduced $43,679,000. These were declines of more than one-third. In October 1941 employment on defense projects of the W. P. A. was 328,000 or almost one-third of the total W. P. A. employment. The decline over last month of 17,500 persons in the number on the pay rolls of the Civilian Conservation Corps, was largely in the enrollee group. A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds is given in table 1. 5 TABLE 1.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in Regular Federal Services and on Projects Financed Wholly or Partially from Federal Funds, September and October 19411 [Subject to revision] Pay rolls Employment Class October 1941 September 1941 Federal services: 1,512,428 1,487,925 Executive 2 2,569 Judicial 2,571 6,242 Legislative6,279 2,014,453 1,992,022 Military Construction projects: Financed from regular Federal 1, 023,182 944,138 appropriations. Percentage change October 1941 September 1941 + 1 . 6 $235,855,055 $224,140, 668 653, 725 661, 970 (3) 1,341,587 1,352,151 -.6 +1.1 138,645,087 133,030,642 Percentage change +5.2 -1.2 -.8 +4.2 +8.3 155,745,748 137,443,603 +13.3 830,883 192,299 40,820 720,244 223,894 40,836 +15.4 -14.1 (3) 132,240,571 23,505,177 4, 552,414 112,907,236 24,536,367 4,559,452 +17.1 -4.2 -.2 12,091 28,729 4,381 23,853 11, 955 28,881 4,562 16,500 +1.1 -.5 -4.0 +44.6 1, 341,940 3,210,474 494, 334 3,431,600 1,352,783 3,206,669 525, 514 2,662,639 -.8 +.1 -5.9 +28.9 21,806 14,173 Defense 2,327 Other 2,047 Work Projects A d m i n i s t r a t i o n 1,040,483 1,036,981 projects. +53.9 -12.0 3,149,994 281,606 2,355,073 307,566 +33.8 -8.4 +.3 62,933,276 61, 224,870 +2.8 328,350 712,133 335, 296 701,685 -2.1 +1.5 20,079,987 42,853, 289 19,867,586 41,357,284 +1.1 +3.6 273. 942 292, 970 172, 706 33,000 312,074 190,110 +730.1 -6.1 -9.2 1,735, 728 7,141, 030 8,465,633 147,000 7,452, 277 9, 258,055 +1,080.8 -4.2 -8.6 Defense.— Other U. S. H . A. low-rent housing Defense Other Financed by P. W . A. 4 Financed b y R . F. C. 6 Defense Other National Youth Administration: Student work program Out-of-school work program Civilian Conservation Corps —- — 1 For explanation of employment count and pay roll period, see footnotes to detailed tables. 2 Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the extent of 207,6*0 employees and $33,536,584 pay roll for October, and 205,386 employees and $31,402,701 pay roll for September. 3 Decrease less than Mo of 1 percent. * Includes data covering P. W . A. projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936,1937 funds, as follows: For October, 1,955 wage earners and $212,581 pay roll; for September, 2,476 wage earners and $202,031 pay roll. Also includes data covering P. W . A. projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriation Act, 1938 funds, as follows: For October, 2,328 wage earners and $271,580 pay roll; for September, 1,981 wage earners and $228,054 pay roll. Also includes data for P. W . A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, as follows: For October, 98 wage earners and $10,173 pay roll; for September, 104 wage earners and $9,825 pay roll. 6 Includes 613 employees and $95,224 pay roll for October and 677 employees and $96,391 pay roll for September on projects financed b y the R F C Mortgage Co. D E T A I L E D R E P O R T S F O R O C T O B E R 1941 Estimates of Nonagricultural Employment IN TABLE 2 are given estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups. The figures represent the number of persons working at any time during the week ending nearest the middle of the month and, for all groups combined, have been adjusted to the number of nonagricultural "gainful workers" shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations less the number who were unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. The estimates for the individual groups are based in large part on industrial censuses and on regular reports of employers to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and to other Government agencies. 434673—42 2 6 Estimates of " Employees in nonagricultural establishments," by States, are given in table 3. Because the State figures do not include employees on merchant vessels, and because of certain adjustments in the United States estimates which have not been made on a State basis, the totals of the State estimates will not agree exactly with the figures for the United States as a whole. TABLE 2.—Estimates of Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups [In thousands] October Septem1941 (preber 1941 liminary) E m p l o y m e n t group Change September to October 1941 October 1940 Change October 1940 to October 1941 Total civil nonagricultural e m p l o y m e n t 1 40,767 40,708 +59 37,375 +3,392 Civil employees in nonagricultural establishments 1 . Manufacturing 3 Mining Contract construction * Transportation and public utilities Trade Finance, service, and miscellaneous 6 -.Federal, State, and local governments 34,624 12,786 908 1,980 3,364 7,068 4,252 4,266 34,565 12,775 906 1,936 3,367 7,008 4,325 4,248 +59 +11 +2 +44 -3 +60 -73 +18 31,232 10,914 856 1,654 3,121 6,706 4,105 3,876 +3,392 +1,872 +52 +326 +243 +362 +147 +390 2,014 1,992 +22 733 +1,281 Military and naval forces (not included above) . 1 Excludes employees on W . P . A . and N . Y . A . projects and employees in O. C . C . camps. Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants. Includes allowance for adjustment of factory and trade totals to preliminary 1939 census figures. Revised series available on request. 2 Excludes all of the groups omitted from " T o t a l civil nonagricultural e m p l o y m e n t " as well as proprietors firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants. 3 Adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. * Includes employees of construction contractors only. Does not include construction workers e m p l o y e d directly b y other industries. « Adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Retail Trade. 6 Revised series. TABLE 3.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by States [Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels] [In thousands] Geographic division and State October Septem1941 (preber 1941 liminary) Change September to October 1941 Number Percentage October 1940 Change October 1940 to October 1941 Number Percentage New England Maine N e w Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island... Connecticut— 2,970 208 148 80 1,552 272 710 2,980 220 152 81 1,546 274 707 -10 -12 -4 -1 +6 -2 +3 -0.4 -5.4 -3.0 -.7 +.4 -.9 +.4 2,621 187 131 73 1,382 241 607 +349 +21 +17 +7 +170 +31 +103 +13.2 +11.1 +13.0 +9.6 +12.3 +12.5 +16.8 Middle Atlantic New York N e w Jersey Pennsylvania 8,621 4,231 1,340 3,050 8,643 4,267 1,344 3,032 -22 -36 -4 +18 -.2 -.8 -.3 +.6 7,892 3,944 1,195 2,753 +729 +287 +145 +297 +9.2 +7.3 +12.1 +10.8 East Worth Central Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin 7,917 2,085 930 2,588 1,583 731 7,955 2,081 958 2,581 1,592 743 -38 +4 -28 +7 -9 -12 -.5 +.1 -2.9 +.3 -.5 -1.6 7,085 1,835 818 2,306 1,467 659 +832 +250 +112 +282 +116 +72 bll.7 -13.6 -13.7 -12.2 +7.9 +11.0 7 TABLE 3.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by States—Continued Geographic division and State October Septem1941 (preliminary) ber 1941 Change September to October 1941 Number Percentage October 1940 Change October 1940 to October 1941 Number Percentage 2,663 590 449 907 82 87 220 328 2,630 593 443 881 81 86 219 327 +33 -3 +6 +26 +1 +1 +1 +1 +1.2 -.6 hi. 3 -3.0 -1.1 -1.1 +.4 +.3 2,401 536 411 782 77 85 203 307 +262 +54 +38 +125 +5 +2 +17 +21 +10.9 +9.9 +9.4 +16.0 +5.6 +2.2 +8.6 +6.9 South Atlantic Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia. North Carolina South Carolina.. Georgia Florida 4,087 78 621 423 598 414 678 332 559 384 4,071 82 626 421 601 414 666 332 555 374 +16 -4 -5 +2 -3 0 +12 0 +4 +10 +.4 -4.4 -.8 +.6 -.5 0) H-1.8 0) +.8 +2.7 3,656 77 529 362 520 378 621 293 496 380 +431 +1 +92 +61 +78 +36 +57 +39 +63 +4 +11.8 +2.2 +17.5 +16.7 +15.0 +9.6 +9.2 +13.4 +12.6 +.9 East South Central Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi 1, 571 399 504 452 216 1, 570 401 504 449 216 +1 -2 0 +3 0 0) -.6 +.1 +.6 -.4 1,406 367 457 386 196 +165 +32 +47 +66 +20 +11.7 +8.7 +10.5 +17.0 +9.9 West South Central Arkansas.— Louisiana. Oklahoma Texas 2,063 204 408 315 1,136 2,051 204 399 314 1,134 +12 0 +9 +1 +2 +.6 +.1 +2.2 +.3 +.2 1,909 189 403 295 1,022 +154 +15 +5 +20 +114 +8.1 +8.0 +1.3 +7.0 +11.2 874 120 94 61 256 78 102 125 38 864 121 94 59 246 81 96 128 39 +10 -1 0 +2 +10 -3 +6 -3 -1 +1.2 -.5 -.4 +1.8 +4.0 -2.7 +5.7 -2.2 -.1 +78 +5 +6 +7 +25 ' +6 +13 +12 +4 +9.6 +4.3 +5.9 +11.2 +10.6 +8.5 +14.7 +10.5 +13.3 2, 886 524 291 2,071 2, 883 520 295 2,068 +3 +4 -4 +3 +.1 +.7 -1.2 +.1 +394 +86 +46 +262 +15.8 +19.7 +19.1 +14.5 West North Central— Minnesota Iowa Missouri North D a k o t a . South Dakota Nebraska Kansas. Mountain Montana Idaho Wyoming. Colorado N e w Mexico Arizona... Utah.... Nevada.. ___ ... .,__ ._ ... ._ Pacific Washington Oregon California 796 115 88 54 231 72 ' 89 113 34 2,492 438 245 1,809 i Less than Ho of 1 percent. Industrial and Business Employment Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for 157 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; water transportation; and class I steam railroads. The reports for the first 2 of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The figures on water transportation are based on estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission and those on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. The employment, pay-roll, hours, and earnings figures for manufacturing, mining, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning, cover wage earners 8 only, but the figures for public utilities, brokerage, insurance, and hotels, relate to all employees except corporation officers and executives, while for trade they relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum production they cover wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from approximately 25 percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing and cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for quarrying and nonmetallic mining, anthracite mining, and public utilities, and 90 percent for metal mining. The general manufacturing indexes are computed from reports supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 90 of the 157 industries surveyed. These reports cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries covered. Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are based on reports of the number of employees and the amount of pay rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The average weekly earnings shown in tables 4 and 5 are computed by dividing the weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As not all reporting establishments supply information on man-hours, average hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on data furnished by a slightly smaller number of reporting firms. The size and composition of the reporting sample vary somewhat from month to month and, therefore, the average hours per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the general movement of earnings and hours over the period shown. The changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from October 1940 are computed from chain indexes based on the month-to-month percentage changes. EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE AVERAGE HOURS, AND EARNINGS The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in October 1941 are shown in table 4. Percentage changes from September 1941 and October 1940 are also given. 9 Employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for August, September, and October 1941, where available, are presented in table 5. The August and September figures, where given, may differ in some instances from those previously published because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late reports. Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 6 for 55 additional manufacturing industries for the months of August, September, and October 1941. These indexes are based on 1939 as 100 and are available in mimeographed form for the period from January 1939 to January 1941, inclusive. In table 7 indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from October 1940 to October 1941, inclusive. The chart on page 11 indicates the trend of factoryemployment and pay rolls from January 1919 to October 1941. Indexes of factory employment by metropolitan areas and cities of 100,000 population or over according to the 1930 Census of Population are given in table 8 for September and October 1941 and October 1940, together with percentage changes from September to October 1941 and from October 1940 to October 1941. Use of average hourly earnings in "escalator" clauses.—Average hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in table 4, have been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1932. These averages are published for the use of those who wish either to compare the average earnings of wage earners in different industries, or to study the changes in average earnings over a period of time. Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated. The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group may change from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By reason of changes in the wages paid or (2) by reason of changes in the composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners employed in a high-wage industry increases proportionally more than employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage earners in the group. The averages contained in table 4 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods, and for the various subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products/' 10 reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work in each respective period. To an increasing extent, use is being made of these average hourly earnings figures in so-called "escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly earnings in the durable-goods industries. It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with a certain degree of caution. The purpose for which they were compiled limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of change in labor rates. In these months the averages usually show a seasonal movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly earnings figure in the durable-goods industries dropped from 73.2 cents in June 1940 to 72.7 cents in July 1940. This drop was due not to a general decline in wages in this period but almost entirely to the fact that employment in the automobile industry declined sharply as the result of model changes. This industry is a high-wage industry in which the average hourly earnings were about 95 cents an hour. Between June and July 1940 employment in the automobile industry dropped from 104.9 to 82.3. This relative decline, of a purely seasonal character, in the number of highly paid automobile workers was very largely responsible for the decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in durable-goods industries. By way of illustration of the problem involved it would be possible to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries the same weights in July and August 1940 that they had in June 1940 and considering only the influence of changes in average earnings in each industry, we find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the published figures from July to August. This means that from June 1940 to August 1940, the currently published figures show a slight decline over this 3-month interval whereas the series computed with constant weights shows a small gain. It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type of average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the contracts already drawn; least of all can the method of compiling an average be changed. It is obvious, however, that in incorporating EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 1 9 2 3 - 2 5 =100 INDEX 200 INDEX 200 180 160 140 140 120 120 J J J 80 E MPLO YM EI i A— T - v u Y RO LLS 60 60 40 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 ADJUSTED TO 1939 CENSUS OF 1942 20 MANUFACTURERS 12 any statistical series in legal documents careful consideration should be given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied, these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the one hand a careful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in mind. TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1941 MANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable g o o d s , " "nondurable g o o d s , " and " a l u m i n u m manufactures," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. T h e indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are n o t comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Industry All manufacturing 2 3 Durable goods 2 3 Nondurable goods » 3 Index Oct. 1941 Average weekly earnings 1 P a y rolls Employment Percentage change from— Index Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 166.6 +2.5 +43.4 +27.7 +10.7 191.1 139.2 +4.3 - .2 -.7 -.6 -.5 +.2 +19.1 +18.1 +40.0 +16.7 173.0 181.0 255.7 119.1 131.7 113.8 115.2 99.5 227.2 +3.1 +.8 -.7 +.2 -.3 +18.4 +41.5 +9.4 +9.3 +19.9 128.4 115.7 109.5 130.1 +.7 -.5 +.2 —10. 3 145.5 204.9 +.7 -1.5 Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 135.3 +0.1 +18.9 144.0 127.1 +1.3 -1.2 139.5 147.9 169.8 98.0 Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 $32. 89 +2.3 +20.6 +54.9 +28.8 37.97 26.10 +2.9 +1.0 +1.5 +1.4 +3.8 +2.8 +40.1 +38.2 +71.0 +40.3 36.36 38. 65 35.90 29.16 154.3 180.0 151.5 114.7 296.2 +3.2 +3.8 +1.8 +7.9 +1.9 +45.2 +76.2 +27.5 +31.5 +36.7 +29.1 +8.9 +27.9 +28.4 157.7 130.6 126.9 156.6 +1.8 +2.2 +3.0 -16.5 +37.2 +7.5 202.0 277.1 +2.7 +1.8 Average hours worked per w e e k 1 Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Average hourly earnings 1 Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 41.1 +0.4 +4.8 Cents 77.0 +1.7 +14.7 +21.3 +16.2 42.9 39.1 +1.5 -1.0 +4.8 +4.1 85.3 68.0 +1.2 +1.8 +15.5 +11.8 +2.1 +2.1 +4.3 +2.6 +17.5 +17.0 +22.1 +20.2 41.5 39.9 44.3 41.3 +1.9 +2.5 +3.2 -.4 +3.5 +2.9 +4.8 +2.8 87.7 96.9 81.6 70.0 +.2 -.3 +1.1 +2.6 +13.4 +13.7 +16.5 +16.6 30.80 42.91 32.29 33. 38 30.48 +.1 +3.0 +2.6 +7.7 +2.2 +22.7 +24.6 +16.5 +20.5 +14.0 44.0 46.2 43.1 42.0 41.7 -.7 +2.3 +2.2 +3.8 +1.3 +7.2 +6.8 +5.9 +4.6 +2.2 70.7 93.3 74.9 79.4 73.2 +.7 +.7 +.3 +3.9 +.9 +13.9 +16.4 +10.2 +14.9 +10.7 +53.9 +22.5 +59.5 +38.4 37.00 31.64 37.90 26.95 +1.1 +2.7 +2.8 -7.0 +19.1 +12.5 +24.6 +7.9 44.9 42.0 44.2 41.9 +.1 +1.3 +2,4 -1.3 +4.6 -.3 +8.7 +5.3 82.6 76.0 85.2 64.3 +1.0 +1.4 +.7 -6.2 +13.8 +11.9 +15.1 +2.0 +77.4 +22.5 35.50 32.63 +2.0 +3.4 +29.3 +14.0 46.9 42.0 +1.7 +1.8 +10.7 -.9 75.4 77.9 +.3 +1.6 +17.5 +14.7 Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets Cast-iron pipe Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools Forgings, iron and steel Hardware3 Plumbers' supplies 4_ Stamped and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings Stoves Structural and ornamental metalwork T i n cans and other tinware. Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws) Wirework See footnotes a t end of table. TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1941—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued Employment Industry Durable Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Average weekly earnings 1 P a y rolls Oct. 1940 Index Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 Average hours worked per week * Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 Average hourly earnings 1 Oct. 1941 Percentage change f r o m Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 86.1 +1.2 +.5 +15.1 +14.1 -.1 +.7 +11.5 +15. 5 +2.4 +24.4 +14.7 +13.6 +14.6 +13.8 +9.7 +13.9 +15.9 +15.5 +18.4 goods—Continued Machinery, not including transportation equipment Agricultural implements (including tractors) Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills F o u n d r y and machine-shop p r o d u c t s . . Machine tools ..... Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts. Typewriters and parts Transportation equipment 3 6Aircraft 3 e Automobiles 7 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.... Locomotives 8__ Shipbuilding Nonferrous metals and their products 3 A l u m i n u m manufactures 9 Brass, bronze, and copper productsClocks and watches and time-recording devices 3 Jewelry Lighting e q u i p m e n t 3 Silverware and plated ware Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. Lumber and allied products Furniture.. Lumber: M i l l work Sawmills Index Oct. 1941 • +24.3 +15.6 45.4 40.7 +0.8 +.3 +7.4 +1.5 41.45 37.82 _(5) +23.8 +21.8 44.9 43.8 -.1 +.6 +10.9 +5.3 92.7 86.3 +131.7 +7f 3 +68.5 +59.3 +80.7 +42.7 +72.4 +165. 2 +18.2 +129. 0 +152. 4 +226. 9 +35.8 +36.7 +39.3 47.81 38.84 45.47 29. 36 35. 92 35. 52 43. 61 39. 21 44. 32 37.84 42.12 47. 54 34. 89 36. 54 38.05 +2.8 +3.1 +1.4 +31.0 +25.9 +20.3 +19.6 +31.9 +12.7 +18.5 +18.9 +14.9 +33.1 +28.4 +31.1 +16.2 +18.4 +12.2 46.9 46.0 51.8 41.8 47.0 47.0 43.0 45.2 40.7 42.8 45:8 45:4 42.7 42.4 43.0 +.4 +1.4 +5.1 +9.5 +5.8 +4.5 +15.9 +2.6 +4.1 102.9 84.3 87.4 70.3 75.9 75.6 101.9 86.9 109.3 88.4 92.0 105.4 82.2 86.1 88.7 +34.8 +25.8 +44.2 +29.5 7 30.10 27.03 34. 29 34.41 33.24 +19.7 +14.7 +22.0 +13.7 43.3 43.1 42.5 45.7 39.5 +1.2 +3.0 63.3 81.1 75.5 84.6 +2.6 +16.9 +19.0 41.5 42.9 +1.2 +1.0 +2.4 +3.3 59.8 62.4 +2.2 +15.6 +14.9 43.3 40.2 +1.1 +2.2 61.8 57.8 +41.5 +26.0 255.6 231.6 +3.0 +.4 +75.8 +45.8 $39.29 37.46 174.9 169.0 +1.3 +32.3 +45.5 233.1 244.9 +1.3 +1.5 +63.8 +77.2 338.8 147.8 361.5 217.9 109.2 160.7 202.9 i, 174.8 128.8 96.8 74.7 492.0 147.4 242.5 192.6 +4.5 614.3 +76.8 +38.6 191.7 +40.2 593.8 +33.2 261.8 +37.0 142.3 +26.7 232.8 +45.4 231. 4 +122. 9 12,301.6 +2.9 176.4 +72.1 115.3 +96.5 102.9 +149. 3 797.7 +16.9 185.1 +15.6 355.0 +24.3 264.7 +7.4 +3.7 +2.7 +2.9 117.8 121.0 126.3 87.1 101.4 +.1 +.6 +1.3 +2.5 +.6 +6.5 +1.6 +7.7 +3.9 +1.'8 +3.4 +11.9 +.6 -.3 -.5 +5.8 +.7 +4.0 +1.6 -1.6 79.7 107.4 76.8 69.4 +.5 —1.4 +12. 7 +9.6 +18.2 +13.8 +7.1 160.6 122.4 139.2 102.9 120.2 +.8 -.2 +11.6 +10.4 +10.8 +13.9 +4.5 +13.9 -.4 + (5) -2.2 +7.9 +.8 -1.4 -.8 +1.7 +7.1 +10.9 92.3 120.4 +1.7 +2.0 +25.2 +31.9 25.12 26.55 +10.8 74.9 78.3 +2.7 +28.2 26.95 23.25 +4.3 Cents +2.1 +0.8 -.4 180.1 169.9 +.9 +20.1 +.8 +1.3 +.4 +.2 -1.8 +4.8 +2.4 +6.7 +11.9 +1.1 +1.8 -.9 +.3 -1.8 +2.0 +.1 -5.3 -2.3 +3.4 +2.3 +2.3 +20.1 +1.0 -.6 -.5 -1.5 +3.1 -.8 +5.5 +9.9 +1.3 +1.0 -1.2 -.3 -2.0 -1.3 -2.9 -1.5 +.9 +1.3 +1.6 -.6 +11.9 +10.5 +9.3 +.9 +1.9 -2.1 +3.2 +2.8 +3.3 +1.0 +.6 92.3 +1.6 +.4 +1.0 +.6 -.3 +1.6 +2.9 +1.2 +1.8 -.2 +1.4 +.2 +.6 +.2 +16.2 +21.6 +15.3 +16.1 +14.8 +.8 +1.4 -2.5 -1.1 +2.5 +16.1 +1.1 +1.1 +14.1 +15.3 +1.1 +1.0 +13.2 +14.3 --13.3 +18.1 -11.8 --16.6 Stone, clay, and glass products Brick, tile, and terra cotta. Cement... Glass Marble, granite, slate, and other p r o d u c t s . . Pottery... +.1 -2.0 —2.2 +1.6 +1.6 +2.5 +16.5 +19.3 +8.3 +16.9 -2.5 +26.5 109.3 75.7 92.8 173.7 37.4 130.8 -.7 114.7 -.1 106.2 —. 6 90.5 111.0 +.7 109.2 +1.2 135.1 -.7 77.8 -1.7 135.2 -.6 82.8 +.4 +.4 88.4 -6.2 151.2 61.9 -2.2 109,6 -.9 129.1 -1.6 123.6 +(5) 172.5 -2.8 111.5 -9.0 +1.6 133.6 -9.5 77.2 +.5 137.1 -.5 98.4 -.5 94.7 -.3 96.6 -6.3 152.4 +.7 154.5 -4.0 302.6 102.4 -3.7 218.4 -32.1 106.3 +4.7 -.5 80.1 78.2 -7.3 125.9 +1.8 244.5 +170. 3 103.3 -.3 67.3 +5.3 54.3 +1.1 69.0 +5.9 126.5 +1.3 146.8 +1.4 128.2 -.2 +9.8 +10.5 +13.6 +16.8 +31.3 +5.0 -2.7 -5.3 +10.0 +16.3 -3.9 -4.2 +16.4 +8.6 +18.5 +.6 -1.0 +5.1 +1.4 +12.4 +9.3 +7.2 +18.4 +7.9 +6.0 +11.5 +7.0 +8.3 +4.2 -.5 +5.9 +14.8 -8.4 +8.7 +1.2 -4.1 +2.0 +7.6 +18.3 +11.3 +3.1 +1.0 +5.4 +.4 101.9 77.5 82.0 132.3 46.6 124.0 +3.7 -.6 -.8 +8.2 +1.6 +4.8 +31.7 +37.5 +22.8 +33.8 +.2 +40.9 29.41 25. 76 32.17 32.14 28.18 26.93 +3.7 +1.5 +1.5 +6.6 _(5) +2.3 +13.1 +15.3 +13.3 +14.5 +2.7 +11.4 39.2 39.2 40.9 38.8 38.8 38.8 +2.0 +.9 +2.0 +3.5 +.5 +1.6 +1.2 +.6 +2.9 +2.8 +1.1 +1.2 74.4 65.6 78.2 83.6 72.4 69.5 +1.3 +.3 -.5 +2.9 -.5 +.6 +11.4 +15.1 +10.2 +11.5 +2.1 +10.8 -.9 122.3 120.1 +1.8 -3.2 93.6 +4.3 135.8 -.1 128.1 135.9 +.2 75.1 -6.6 +6.3 160.6 -1.0 79.8 +3.0 98.6 -5.2 148.4 61.5 +.2 -2.0 126.7 -5.7 119.2 -1.1 113.4 145.0 -10.6 -5.3 142.9 +6.6 166.8 -29.2 59.6 156.5 +6.7 100.5 -1.1 93.3 -2.0 +1.9 116.4 -4.2 162.9 +.2 157.6 -5.0 381.3 -2.8 96.8 244.4 -31.9 122.0 +6.3 -4.5 88.3 -7.9 71.1 151.0 +3.6 229.1 +140.6 93.9 -9.1 +7.4 75.6 70.8 +2.1 +7.9 76.0 135.9 +2.0 +3.5 194.5 165.2 +1.4 +31.2 +34.2 +28.6 +50.3 +54.3 +22.0 +12.1 +1.6 +21.6 +36.7 +8.9 +17.4 +44.6 +25.7 +46.8 +10.5 + 15.0 +25.4 +7.7 +36.6 +36.9 +35.0 +42.7 +21.4 +13.2 +21.3 +18.4 +43.6 +18.2 +13.4 + 11.1 +30.4 +5.5 +13.3 +13.7 +4.7 +14.8 +18.0 +37.2 +33. 5 21.94 21.81 28.58 19.76 22.91 24. 53 26. 53 20.87 19. 92 18.88 22. 61 20. 73 26. 81 22. 30 23.43 22.44 21.29 18. 65 23. 57 18.15 23. 60 22. 07 30.44 27.14 28.18 36. 92 24.74 21.23 22.16 29. 66 30. 78 31.20 24.41 25. 75 20. 36 21.14 20.22 32.71 26. 58 31. 73 -.2 +1.9 -2.6 +3.6 -1.3 +.9 -5.0 +7.0 -1.4 +2.6 +1.0 +2.4 -1.1 -4.2 -1.1 -8.0 +4.0 +5.0 -21.8 +6.1 -.6 -1.5 +2.3 +2.3 -.6 -1.1 +.9 +.2 +1.5 -4.0 -.6 +1.7 -11.0 -8.8 +1.9 +.9 +1.9 +.7 +2.1 +1.5 +19.5 +21.5 +13.1 +28.8 +17.5 +16.1 +15.3 +7.2 +10.6 +17.9 +13.3 +22.4 +24.3 +15.8 +23.1 +10.0 +16.2 +19.5 +6.1 +21.5 +25.1 +26.1 +20.4 +12.5 +6.8 +8.8 +10.6 +32.5 +13.4 +14.0 +5.1 +13.5 +15.3 +4.2 +12.3 +9.3 +12.4 +9.6 +15.9 +19.9 37.6 38.8 39.0 39.3 40.9 39.2 32.2 36.6 38.1 39.0 39.7 38.4 39.0 35.4 35.2 34.9 38.8 37.9 29.1 38.0 37.8 37.1 40.5 40.9 41.9 40.6 45.9 39.8 40.6 44.3 44.7 39.8 36.8 37.7 38.7 36.7 38.9 40.3 42.7 43.4 -1.7 -.7 -2.2 -.6 -1.5 -2.1 -5.9 +2.3 -2.0 —.8 —.7 +1.0 -2.0 -3.8 -3.8 -4.9 +.4 +1.6 —16.1 —.2 -.5 -.9 +.9 -1.7 -.4 -1.1 -.6 -5.4 +1.0 -2.4 -1.6 +1.1 +3.4 -9.3 +1.1 -.1 +1.2 +.4 +.8 +1.1 +4.4 +3.5 H4.2 -5.6 -4.8 -1.4 -3.7 +.2 +2.4 +6.3 -.8 +3.4 +2.2 +6.0 +11.1 +2.5 +2.4 +3.0 -5.0 +5.1 +10.2 + 11.3 +5.2 +2.5 +.6 +5.0 +1.9 +8.1 +.8 +6.2 +.7 -1.1 +2.1 -1.5 +3.5 +2.8 +3.2 +4.2 +3.6 +7.8 58.1 56.6 73.3 50.3 56.3 61.5 82.8 57.3 51.4 48.1 56.4 53.8 68.9 61.0 66.0 61.0 53.6 48.1 75.0 48.1 63.2 60.2 74.9 67.9 67.5 92.2 53.4 54.7 54.7 66.1 68.2 78.7 65.3 68.4 52.7 57.9 52.2 83.5 62.5 73.1 +2.2 +2.8 -.4 +4.2 +.2 +3.1 +2.1 +4.7 +.5 +3.3 +2.1 +1.5 +.9 +1.3 +2.3 -1.1 +2.5 +4.0 +1.5 +6.0 +.2 -.1 +1.1 +3.4 +.1 +.3 +1.5 +7.1 +.3 -1.9 -.5 +.7 -15.9 +.6 +.6 +.9 +.6 +.4 +1.2 +.3 +14.4 +17.2 +8.6 +22.0 +12.4 +14.0 +12.8 +6.6 +8.3 +9.8 +13.9 +18.7 +21.7 +9.7 +10.8 +7.1 +12.0 +14.8 +16.3 +15.3 +14.8 +14.4 +14.4 +11.4 +6.4 +3.6 +8.7 +23.2 +12.0 +7.8 +5.2 +14.8 +13.1 +5.8 +8.9 +6.4 +9.5 +4.8 +11.8 +11.1 +3.3 +.7 +12.7 +3.0 33.08 39.42 +.2 -.4 +6.9 +2.5 39.9 35.8 -.1 0 +3.1 +.3 83.2 108.2 Nondurable goods Textiles and their products. Fabrics Carpets and rugs.. Cotton goods Cotton smallwares. Dyeing and finishing textiles Hats, fur-felt. Hosiery 3 Knitted outerwear Knitted underwear. Knitted cloth « Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods.. Wearing apparel Clothing, men's Clothing, w o m e n ' s Corsets and allied garments. M e n ' s furnishings Millinery Shirts and collars leather and its manufactures.. , Boots and shoes.Leather Food and kindred products 3_ ... Baking Beverages.. Butter Canning and preserving.. Confectionery.. Flour Icecream Slaughtering and meat packing..... Sugar, beet Sugar refining, c a n e . . Tobacco manufactures Chewing and smoking tobacco and s n u f f . Cigars and cigarettes. Paper and printing ... Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: B o o k and job Newspapers and periodicals See footnotes a t end of table. 108.1 118.1 102.6 114.8 + +(8. )4 +3.3 +2.7 TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, am/ Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1941—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued Employment Industry Index Oct. 1941 Average weekly earnings1 Pay rolls Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 +1.2 +.5 +1.3 +.3 +18.0 +1.9 O1) -6.0 +18.1 +6.6 +20.7 +25.3 -.9 +23.1 +7.2 +15.1 +4.5 +10.1 +20.7 +37.0 +16.6 +19.8 Index Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 190.7 168.0 197.7 249.4 146.5 183.4 +2.1 +1.0 +2.5 -.3 +26.9 +4.2 +36.9 +23.4 +41.0 +41.5 +8.0 +37.6 102 7 173.7 386.4 142.2 133.3 106.9 112.3 234.0 -7.9 +2.2 +3.2 +1.8 +3.1 +2.7 +4.7 +1.1 +24.7 +27.9 +19.8 +32. 7 +39.0 +70.0 +29.7 +44.4 Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 +1.0 +.5 +1.3 -.7 +7.5 +2.2 +3.2 -2.6 +2.2 +3.9 +2.3 +2.7 -1.4 +5.0 +1.5 +15.9 +15.8 +16 9 +12.9 +8.8 hll. 6 -18.0 -16.5 -11.2 -14.6 -20.6 -15.1 f-24.1 -11.2 -20.4 Average hours worked per week i Oct. 1941 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 +0.7 -.7 +1.0 +.6 +4.2 +2.3 +.5 +.5 -.1 +.3 + 2 +1.5 -2.0 +3.7 +.6 +2.3 +1.9 +2.1 +.9 f-1. 4 -4.8 -8.1 -2.4 +.2 +1.6 +3.1 +3.1 +6.0 +1.0 +3.6 Nondurable goods—Continued Chemical, petroleum, and coal products Petroleum refining Other than petroleum refining Chemicals 3 Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal Druggists' preparations Explosives Fertilizers Paints and varnishes.Rayon and allied products Soap Rubber products Rubber boots and shoes Rubber tires and inner tubes Rubber goods, other 148.1 129.2 152.7 182.5 136.0 145.6 00 103.6 144.0 325.0 97.7 111.8 80.4 86.2 192.4 -.6 -.5 +.3 +4.1 —. 3 -.4 (») $34. 56 40.40 32.64 36.34 17.32 28.08 40.24 18.45 33.27 30.42 34.28 33. 56 30.58 38.03 29.52 40.2 36.9 41.1 41.0 46.6 41.9 43.3 36.8 41.2 39.4 41.2 39.1 41.8 35.8 41.6 Average hourly earnings1 Oct. 1941 Cents 85.0 109.6 77.9 88.6 35.9 63.9 93.0 50.1 80.9 77.3 83.2 86.5 73.0 105.8 71.2 Percentage change from— Sept. 1941 Oct. 1940 +0.6 +1.2 +.5 -1.2 +1.4 +1.5 +2.7 -3.1 +2.5 +3.6 +2.2 +.9 +.6 +1.2 +.8 +13.3 +13.8 +14.3 +12.0 +8.6 +6.8 +9.2 +13.7 +11.3 +12.8 +17.0 +12.4 +17.1 +9.6 +15.7 NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-montb average, 1929® 100 except for class I Railroads, which are based on 1935-39 as 100] Coal mining: Anthracite » »» Bituminous 12 Metalliferous mining n Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum production " P u b l i c utilities: Telephone and telegraph « 17 Electric light and p o w e r s 17 Street railways and busses 1 8 1 7 1 8 Trade: Wholesale « Retail 17 F o o d 17 General merchandising i®17 Apparel17 Furniture 17 ._ A u t o m o t i v e 17 L u m b e r 17 Hotels (year-round) 12 20 Laundries 1 2 . Dyeing and cleaning Brokerage 16 21 Insurance 18 Building construction Water transportation 22 Class I steam railroads 23 ... . 50.3 95.0 79.4 53.8 61.3 +0.6 +.9 +0) -.8 -.9 +6.5 +9.4 +10.1 -1.9 49.2 122.6 88.4 60.8 63.0 -0.9 +6.2 +3.0 +.4 -2.2 +52.2 +46.7 +24.0 +30.3 +9.3 $32.12 34.48 35.05 28.12 37.78 -1.5 +5.3 +3.0 +1.2 -1.3 +49.5 +37.8 +13.4 +18.3 +11.4 31.9 32.7 42.7 43.9 37.8 -4.6 +4.0 +2.5 +.1 -1.7 +39.9 +17.2 +.4 +3.4 -.8 100.6 104.8 82.4 64.0 96.8 +2.4 +1.0 +.4 +1.1 +.5 +8.7 +16.5 +12.9 +14.2 +10.5 90.6 93.9 70.1 +.3 -1.1 -.3 +14.6 +1.7 +2.0 117.6 116.0 78.1 +.3 +.9 +.1 +15.1 +8.4 +10.5 31.75 37.56 36.33 0 +2.1 +.4 +.4 +6.6 +8.3 40.0 40.7 46.5 -.8 +1.8 +.3 +1.2 +1.0 +2.2 79.9 92.6 76.9 +.8 +.1 -.3 -.8 +5.6 +6.1 96.6 100.9 110.6 115.6 96.7 81.0 87.5 82.9 +1.0 +6.1 +7.0 +6.6 +11.7 +5.8 +4.1 +2.9 +4.4 92.0 97.5 107.2 110.3 92.5 85.0 86.2 87.1 +1.2 +1.8 +1.3 +3.5 +2.4 +9.1 -.1 0 +14.7 +13.6 +11.9 +19.5 +12.5 +21.3 +8.2 +14.6 33.36 22.17 24.88 18.84 22.25 3172 29. 50 29.00 +.3 +.8 +.5 0 +.5 +7.0 +2.4 +.7 +8.1 +6. 2 +5.0 +7.0 +6.5 +16.4 +5.0 +9.8 41.4 42.3 42.2 38.4 37.9 44.4 47.2 43.1 +.8 -.3 -.8 +.3 +.2 +.9 +.3 +.3 -1.1 -3.3 -.2 +.5 -.3 -.5 -.1 80.9 57.2 56.5 48.5 58.8 72.6 63.1 68.5 -.3 +.7 +.9 +1.3 +.2 +.6 +1.4 +.4 +8.0 +6.4 +7.7 +5.9 +6.1 +5.2 +5.9 +10.2 +2.3 +10.7 +10.6 -7.9 92.0 103.2 98.4 (-11) +2.3 -2.0 -1.2 +.9 +1.0 -2.8 +9.3 +17.2 +19.3 -1.8 +5.6 +13. 1 01) 00 16. 66 19.31 22. 51 40.29 37. 69 36. 50 +2.4 -.1 -.8 +1.3 +1.2 -1.4 K6.8 H5. 9 -7.9 -6.7 -3.7 1-8.0 46.2 42.9 44.0 +1.8 -.8 -1.4 +.4 +.4 +2.1 35.9 45.2 52.4 +1.1 +.5 +1.1 +6.6 +5.8 +6.0 102.3 +.4 95.6 110.9 121.0 00 00 00 77.6 119.3 +.9 +.8 +3.5 +1.9 +1.9 -2.5 -.6 -.1 -1.8 -.4 -.4 -.1 -1.3 -1.1 +.5 +1.8 +1.8 +4.7 -3.0 +13. 5 00 00 00 on 00 on 1 Mimeographed sheets giving averages b y years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and b y montns, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied b y a smaller number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. T h e figures are not strictly comparable from m o n t h to month because of changes in the size and c o m position of the reporting sample. 2 See tables 9, 10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and Pay R o l l s " for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January 1923 for the durable and nondurable-goods groups. 3 Revisions in the following industries and groups have been made as indicated: All manufacturing.—July 1941 employment index to 130.6. Durable-goods group— July 1941 employment and pay-roll indexes to 137.6 and 172.2, respectively. Nondurable-goods group— July 1941 pay-roll index to 130.7. Hardware.—July 1941 pay-roll index, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings to 123.8, 71.0 cents, and $29.20, respectively. Transportation group— April, M a y , June, and July 1941 employment indexes to 166.3, 171.7, 177.8, and 179.0; pay-roll indexes to 191.6, 217.0, 240.0, and 228.8. 00 00 00 00 1:») on 00 00 35.7 00 00 -1.2 00 00 00 00 -1.8 00 00 +.6 00 no 00 00 00 on 00 00 00 on 00 00 +7.3 00 00 Aircraft—June and July 1941 employment indexes to 6,718.1 and 7,231.3; pay-roll indexes to 8,193.5 and 9,045.7; average hours to 45.0 and 44.8; July hourly and weekly earnings to 81.2 cents and $36.57. Nonferrous group.—July 1941 employment and pay-roll indexes to 143.1 and 173.7. Clocks and watches, and time-recording devices.—May 1941 average hours and average hourly earnings to 42.3 hours and 64.6 cents; June hourly and weekly earnings to 66.0 cents and $27 94; July employment index, pay-roll index, and weekly earnings to 118.2, 138.3, and $25.85. Lighting equipment.—April, M a y , June, and July 1941 employment indexes to 113.2, 111.6,113.0, and 111.4; pay-roll indexes to 106.0,110.4,116.3, and 113.2; average hourly earnings to 72.8, 74.8, 77.8, and 77.6 cents; average weekly earnings to $29.01, $30.62, $31.86, and $31.43; M a y , June, and July average hours to 41.0, 41.0, and 40.5 hours. Hosiery—July 1941 average hours and average weekly earnings to 36.0 hours and $19.78. Food group.—July 1941 average hours to 40.9; average hourly earnings to 66.2 cents. Chemicals.—June 1941 employment index, pay-roll index, average hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings to 172.2; 232.7; 41.6 hours, 86.6 cents, and $36.04; July employment index to 175.9. (Footnotes continued on p. 18) (Footnotes continued from p. 17) * See table 7 in the April 1941 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and Pay R o l l s " for revised figures f r o m January 1940 to M a r c h 1941. 5 Less than Mo of 1 percent. 6 Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. N o t comparable with previously published indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and Pay Rolls." 7 T h e indexes for " A u t o m o b i l e s " have been adjusted to 1933 csnsus figures, but not to later census figures because of problems involving integrated industries. 8 Locomotives— Indexes, hours and earnings revised as follows: Indexes Year and m o n t h P a y rolls Average hours worked per week 32.6 34.5 38.0 40.6 43,4 32.7 37.2 40.8 43.1 48.2 38.7 41.3 41.4 40.2 41.9 Cents 79.2 79.9 79.2 80.6 81.1 $30.62 32. 98 32. 79 32.43 34.00 46.1 49.2 51.6 55.1 59.4 61.8 67.8 52.5 57.5 60.7 67.8 75.9 84.1 92.5 42.8 43.6 43.7 44.4 43.9 45.8 45.3 81.4 82.0 82.2 84.6 89.1 90.9 92.0 34. 79 35. 72 35. 91 37. 59 39. 08 41.62 41. 70 Employment mo August September.. October November. December...- Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings 1941 January. February . . . March.. April.. May. June. July.. • See table 8 in M a r c h 1941 " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s " pamphlet for revised figures from January 1935 to February 1941. 10 Knitted cloth.—June and July 1941 hourly earnings revised to 53.4 and 54.5 cents. Because of change in composition of the reporting sample, these figures not comparable with those previously published. Comparable M a y 1941 figures, 53.7 cents. 11 N o t available. 12 Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of pamphlet. 13 See table 7 of October 1940 " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s " for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average . weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive. 14 See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised figures for metalliferous mining from January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive. 15 Does not include well drilling or rig building. 16 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they n o w exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. 17 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. N o t comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in M o n t h l y Labor Reviews prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable series for earlier months available upon request. 18 Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance." 19 Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in N o v e m b e r 1934 and subsequent issues of " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y Rolls." 20 Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included. 21 See note 18 in table 10 in the July 1941 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s " for revised average weekly earnings in the brokerage industry from January 1939 to January 1941. 22 Based on estimates prepared b y the U . S. Maritime Commission covering employment on steam and motor merchant vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over in deep-sea trades only. 23 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission. TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, Am/ Earnings in Manufacturing and NonmanufacturingIndustries,October1941—Continued MANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and " a l u m i n u m manufactures," they have been adjusted to pre* liminary 1939 census figures. T h e indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Employment index Industry All manufacturing 2 3__ . Durable goods 2 3 Nondurable goods 2 3 Pay-roll index Average weekly earnings 1 Average hours worked per week 1 Average hourly earnings 1 August 1941 October 1941 September 1941 41.0 42.6 39.4 Cents 77.0 85.3 68.0 Cents 75.8 84.3 66.8 Cents 74.5 83.0 65.8 40.7 38.9 42.9 41.4 41.4 40.1 45.0 41.1 87.7 96.9 81.6 70.0 87.5 97.1 80.5 68.3 87.1 96.8 80.0 67.6 44.0 46.2 43.1 42.0 41.7 44.3 45.2 42.1 40.5 41.3 44.0 45.9 42.7 40.1 41.5 70.7 93.3 74.9 79.4 73.2 70.2 92.6 74.4 76.6 72.4 70.2 90.8 73.6 75.3 71.9 35. 51 30.48 36. 82 28.42 44.9 42.0 44.2 41.9 44.8 41.4 43.3 42.5 44.0 41.5 44.2 42.9 82.6 76.0 85.2 64.3 82.0 74.9 84.6 68.3 81.1 73.7 83.5 66.9 34.03 31.68 46.9 42.0 46.3 41.3 1 46.5 42.0 75.4 77.9 75.2 76.8 73.5 75.5 October 1941 September 1941 August 1941 October 1941 Sep-, tember 1941 August 1941 October 1941 September 1941 . August 1941 135.3 144.0 127.1 135.2 142.1 128.7 133.1 138.7 127.7 166.6 191.1 139.2 162.6 183.2 139.5 158.1 177.6 136.3 $32. 89 37.97 26.10 $32.05 36.79 25.78 139.5 147.9 169.8 98.0 140.5 148.9 170.6 97.8 139.9 149.1 171. 3 96.1 173.0 181.0 255.7 119.1 170.5 178.4 246.3 115.8 172.0 183.3 257.3 111.8 36.36 38. 65 35. 90 29.16 131.7 113.8 115.2 99.5 227.2 127.8 112.9 116.0 99.4 227.9 127.4 110.6 113.2 102.6 224.5 154.3 180.0 151.5 114.7 296.2 149.5 173.4 148.7 106.3 290.5 147.5 169.8 145.7 107.1 286.0 128.4 115. 7 109.5 130.1 127.4 116.2 109.3 145.0 125.2 117.2 110.0 145.3 157.7 130.6 126.9 156.6 154.9 127.9 123.2 187.6 145.5 204.9 144.4 208.0 142.6 189.8 202.0 277.1 196.6 272.2 October 1941 September 1941 $31.66 36.55 25.38 41.1 42.9 39.1 40.9 42.3 39.5 35. 60 37. 81 34. 51 28.42 36. 07 38. 81 36. 02 27.91 41.5 39.9 44.3 41.3 30. 80 42. 91 32.29 33. 38 30.48 30.76 41.75 31.35 31.04 29.81 30. 38 41. 58 31.42 30. 21 29.82 147.7 127.4 124.9 184.7 37. 00 31.64 37. 90 26. 95 36.64 30. 97 36. 57 28. 92 190.1 247.9 35.50 32.63 34.80 31.70 August 1941 Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets.. Cast-iron pipe Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut lery) and edge tools -... Forgings, iron and steel. Hardware 3 Plumbers' supplies 4 Stamped and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings.. Stoves _„ . Structural and ornamental metalwork.. ..., T i n cans and other tinware Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws) Wire work.. See f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b l e . TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, am/ Earnings in Manufacturing and NonmanufacturingIndustries,October1941—Continued M ANUFACTURING—Continued E m p l o y m e n t index Industry Durable August 1941 October 1941 September 1941 August 1941 October 1941 September 1941 August 1941 178.6 170.7 176.5 172.0 255.6 231.6 248.2 230.7 243.4 227.5 $39.29 37.46 $38.48 37.12 174.9 169.0 172.6 168.7 170.3 167.4 233.1 244.9 230.2 241.4 223.1 240.0 41.45 37.82 338.8 147.8 361.5 217.9 109.2 160.7 324.3 147.0 356.8 212.5 108.5 158.2 314.1 145.6 351.5 202.4 108.4 155.7 614.3 194/7 593.8 261.8 142.3 232.8 571.8 187.8 578.2 254.4 141.1 233.4 545.1 186.0 553.4 234.0 135.8 222.3 224.4 172.0 281.4 202.9 190.6 252.1 9,174.8 8, 515. 7 7,897. 3 12,301.6 11,145.8 10,303.0 139.2 124.0 110.9 176.4 159.1 128.8 101.2 89.2 115.3 93.7 96.8 95.1 72.2 70.2 98.5 93.4 74.7 102.9 700.1 614.6 492.0 439.6 388.3 797. 7 October 1941 September 1941 180.1 169.9 Average hours worked per week 1 October 1941 September 1941 $38.19 36.31 45.4 40.7 45.1 40.5 41.47 37.28 40.76 37.44 44.9 43.8 47.81 38.84 45. 47 29.36 35.92 35. 52 46. 62 37. 77 44.74 29.25 35.84 36.16 46.02 37.72 43.53 28. 32 34.49 35.01 43. 61 39.21 44. 32 37.84 42.12 47.54 41.65 38.19 41.73 33.80 41.68 46.69 August 1941 Transportation equipment 3 « Aircraft3«__ Automobiles8 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad_ Locomotives 7 Shipbuilding... Nonferrous metals and their products3 A l u m i n u m manufactures 8 Brass, bronze, and copper products Clocks and watches and time-recording devices 3 Jewelry Lighting e q u i p m e n t 3 Silverware and plated w a r e . . Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and z i n c . _ Lumber and allied products Furniture Lumber: Millwork Sawmills * Average hourly earnings 1 October 1941 September 1941 45.1 40.1 Cents 86.1 92.3 Cents 85.0 92.0 Cents 84.4 90.7 45.0 43.5 44.6 43.9 92.7 86.3 92.8 85.7 91.8 85.3 46.9 46.0 51.8 41.8 47.0 47.0 46.5 45.4 51.4 42.1 47.6 47.7 46.2 45.6 51.2 41.3 46.6 46.4 102.9 84.3 87.4 70.3 75.9 75.6 100.5 82.9 87.0 69.7 75.4 75.8 99.7 82.6 85.0 68.7 74.4 75.4 41.23 38.08 41.09 33. 29 40. 71 46.47 43.0 45.2 40.7 42.8 45.8 45.4 41.7 45.6 38.7 38.9 45.2 44.9 41.8 45.6 39.0 39.4 44.7 44.4 101.9 86.9 109.3 88.4 92.0 105.4 100.3 84.5 108.0 86.8 92.3 104.0 98.8 84.5 105.5 84.4 91.1 103.9 goods—Continued Machinery, not including transportation equipment. Agricultural implements (including tractors)... Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills.. F o u n d r y and machine-shop products Machine tools Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts Typewriters and parts Average weekly earnings 1 Pay-roll index August 1941 147.4 242.5 192.6 146.5 243.1 193.5 145.5 240.9 192.9 185.1 355.0 264.7 185.8 354.8 270.8 182.6 345.8 273.6 34. 89 36.54 38.05 35.24 36. 27 38.65 34. 88 35.67 39.17 42.7 42.4 43.0 43.1 42.4 43.8 43.0 42.6 44.4 82.2 86.1 88.7 82.1 85.5 88.7 80.8 83.7 88.7 117.8 121.0 126.3 87.1 101.4 111.3 120.1 121.4 85.8 103.0 118.0 118.0 111.8 84.8 103.5 160.6 122.4 139.2 102.9 120.2 148.8 121.4 141.2 103.7 118.2 156.4 113.3 118.7 94.4 118.4 30.10 27.03 34.29 34.41 33.24 29.54 27.04 36.20 35.10 32. 32 29. 30 25.76 32. 85 32. 33 32. 29 43.3 43.1 42.5 45.7 39.5 42.7 43.6 43.5 46.4 39.1 43.0 42.4 41.9 44.1 39.5 69.6 63.3 81.1 75. 5 84.6 69.2 62.5 83.2 76 3 82.6 68.2 60.5 78.4 74.1 81.7 79.7 107.4 80.4 107.6 81.0 108.4 92.3 120.4 90.8 118.0 92.8 116.1 25.12 26.55 24.47 26.03 24.68 25.49 41.5 42.9 41.1 42.3 41.8 42.2 59.8 62.4 59.0 61.7 58.8 60.8 76.8 69.4 76.4 70.4 78.0 70.7 74.9 78.3 72.9 77.5 74.8 80.3 26.95 23.25 26.17 22.72 26.44 23.49 43.3 40.2 42.8 39.7 43.3 41.0 61.8 57.8 61.1 57.2 61.0 57.3 Stone, clay, and glass products Brick, tile, and terra c o t t a . . , Cement Glass. Marble, granite, slate, and other products... Pottery .. .. 101.9 77.5 82.0 132.3 46.6 124.0 101.8 79.1 83.8 130.3 45.9 121.0 101.3 79.4 83.5 130.0 44.6 119.4 109.3 75.7 92.8 173.7 37.4 130.8 105.4 76.2 93.5 160.5 36.8 124.8 104.2 77.0 93.9 155.4 36.1 124.1 29.41 25. 76 32.17 32.14 28.18 26.93 28.27 25. 27 31.60 30.19 28.06 26.09 27.98 25. 30 31.82 29.28 28. 30 26. 22 39.2 39.2 40.9 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.2 38.7 40.2 37.3 38.5 37.9 38.5 38.8 40.7 37.6 38.8 38.3 74.4 65.6 78.2 83.6 72.4 69.5 73.6 65.3 78.6 81.2 73.1 69.1 72.1 64.8 78.2 78.2 73.1 68.7 114.7 106.2 90.5 111.0 109. 2 135.1 77.8 135.2 82.8 88.4 151.2 61.9 109.6 115.5 106.3 91.0 110.2 107.9 136.0 79.2 136.1 82.5 88.0 161.1 63.2 110.5 115.4 106.9 90.5 109.9 106.4 136.3 82.0 141.5 81.3 86.4 161.4 67.9 108.9 122. 3 120.1 93.6 135.8 128.1 135.9 75.1 160.6 79.8 98.6 148.4 61.5 126.7 123.4 118.0 96.6 130.2 128.2 135.7 80.4 151.1 80.6 95.7 156.6 61.5 129.2 119.3 114.4 93.4 126.2 123.3 132.5 90.5 153.9 77.3 90.8 157.3 63.7 118.5 21.94 21.81 28. 58 19. 76 22.91 24.53 26.53 20.87 19.92 18.88 22.61 20. 73 26.81 21.73 21.38 29.33 19.12 23.15 24.14 27. 87 19. 50 20. 22 18. 32 22. 31 20.16 27.13 21.04 20.63 28. 53 18. 58 22. 59 23. 57 30. 38 19.14 19.70 17.75 22.31 19.37 25.21 37.6 38.8 39.0 39.3 40.9 39.2 32.2 36.6 38.1 39.0 39.7 38.4 39.0 38.3 39.1 39.9 39.6 41.5 40.0 34.4 35.6 38.9 39.2 39.9 38.0 39.7 38.1 38.9 39.7 39.4 41.2 40.1 37.0 35.7 38.6 38.5 40.1 37.8 39.6 58.1 56.6 73.3 50.3 56.3 61.5 82.8 57.3 51.4 48.1 56.4 53.8 68.9 56.9 55.1 73.6 48.3 56.1 59.7 81.0 54.9 51.1 46.3 55.1 52.9 68.5 55.4 53.3 72.1 47.2 54.9 58.2 83.1 53.8 50.3 45.8 55.1 50.8 63.6 129.1 123.6 172.5 111.5 133.6 77.2 137.1 131.2 123.6 177.5 122.5 131.5 85.3 136.4 129.6 123.3 175.7 119.1 128.1 79.8 133.6 119.2 113.4 145.0 142.9 166.8 59.6 156.5 126.4 114.7 162.1 150.9 156.5 84.2 146.7 121.7 114.0 154.3 139.4 144.4 74.5 140.6 22. 30 23.43 22.44 21.29 18. 65 23. 57 18.15 22.70 23. 64 24. 39 20. 47 17. 75 30.14 17.10 22.18 23.68 23.45 19.49 16. 77 28. 54 16.69 35.4 35.2 34.9 38.8 37.9 29.1 38.0 36.7 36.5 36.5 38.8 37.4 34.7 37.8 36.4 36.3 36.0 37.4 36.4 33.6 37.4 61.0 66.0 61.0 53.6 48.1 75.0 48.1 60.2 64.5 61.7 52.3 46.0 73.8 45.4 59.6 64.7 60.8 51.6 44.8 74.0 44.8 98.4 94.7 96.6 98.9 95.2 97.0 101.1 98.3 94.8 100.5 93.3 116.4 101.6 95.3 114.2 104.7 100.7 109.0 23.60 22. 07 30.44 23. 71 22.35 29. 51 23.97 22.90 28. 86 37.8 37.1 40.5 3|8. 0 37.4 40.0 39.2 38.8 40.7 63.2 60.2 74.9 63.0 60.1 74.0 61.5 59.0 71.4 152.4 154.5 302.6 102.4 218.4 106.3 80.1 78.2 125.9 244.5 103.3 162. 7 153.5 315.1 106.4 321.6 101.5 80.6 84.3 123.6 90.5 103.7 159.3 152.7 328.1 111.1 304.4 91.1 78.1 94.8 122.4 63.6 95.4 162.9 157.6 381.3 96.8 244.4 122.0 88.3 71.1 151.0 229.1 93.9 170.1 157.4 401.5 99.6 359.1 114.8 92.5 77.2 145.8 95.2 103.3 165.5 155.2 429.7 105.1 324.7 100.6 80.9 84.2 142.9 67.8 100.3 27.14 28.18 36. 92 24. 74 21.23 22.16 29. 66 30. 78 31.20 24.41 25. 75 26. 56 28. 32 37.40 24. 39 21.21 21.81 30. 86 30.98 30. 63 27.41 28. 22 26 33 28. 06 38.49 24. 77 20. 27 21. 39 28. 07 29.99 30.31 27. 64 29. 77 40.9 41.9 40.6 45.9 39.8 40.6 44.3 44.7 39.8 36.8 37.7 41.6 42.0 41.1 46.2 42.2 40.2 45.5 45.3 39.4 35.7 41.5 41.0 41.8 42.4 47.5 39.8 38.6 42.9 46.8 39.6 36.4 44.0 67.9 67.5 92.2 53.4 54.7 54.7 66.1 68.2 78.7 65.3 68.4 65.7 67.4 91.9 52.5 51.1 54.5 67.2 68.4 78.0 77.4 68.0 65.8 67.2 91.5 51.7 52.0 55.5 64.4 64.0 76.6 77.4 67.7 67.3 54.3 69.0 63.9 53.6 65.2 65.8 52.3 67.5 75.6 70.8 76.0 70.4 69.3 70.4 70.0 68.2 70.1 20.36 21.14 20.22 20.00 20.87 19.84 19. 37 21.08 19.06 38.7 36.7 38.9 38.3 36.6 38.4 37.2 36.6 37.3 52.7 57.9 52.2 52.5 57.4 51.9 52.0 57.8 51.4 Nondurable goods Textiles and their products Fabrics Carpets and rugs Cotton goods Cotton smallwares Dyeing and finishing textiles.. Hats, fur-felt Hosiery 3_._ Knitted outerwear Knitted underwear Knitted cloth • Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods Wearing apparel Clothing, m e n ' s . Clothing, w o m e n ' s Corsets and allied garments.. M e n ' s furnishings Millinery Shirts and collars .. .. leather and its manufactures Boots and shoes Leather Food and kindred products 3 Baking Beverages Butter Canning and preserving.. Confectionery Flour Ice cream Slaughtering and meat p a c k i n g . . Sugar, beet Sugar refining, cane. Tobacco manufactures Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff Cigars and cigarettes See footnotes at end of table. .. .. TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, am/ Earnings in Manufacturing and NonmanufacturingIndustries,October1941—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued Employment index Industry October 1941 September 1941 123.9 142.0 127.8 135.9 194.5 165.2 104.8 116.9 105.5 114.7 148.1 129.2 152.7 182.5 136.0 145.6 (10) 103.6 144.0 325.0 97.7 146.4 128.5 150.8 181.9 115.2 142.9 (10) 110.2 143.9 327.0 98.2 111.8 80.4 86.2 192.4 111.5 77.2 86.5 193.2 October 1941 September 1941 126.5 146.8 128.2 124.9 144.7 128.4 108.1 118.1 August 1941 Pay-roll index Average weekly earnings1 August 1941 October 1941 September 1941 August 1941 133.3 187.9 163.0 130.9 181.9 162.7 832.71 26.58 31.73 $32.34 26.06 31.17 102.6 114.8 99.3 114.0 98.5 109.8 33.08 39.42 141.9 127.9 145.3 180.1 70.9 135.7 (10) 89.6 144.8 329.3 97.4 190.7 168.0 197.7 249.4 146.5 183.4 (10) 102.7 173.7 386.4 142.2 186.7 166.4 192.9 250.1 115.4 176.1 (10) 111.6 169.9 374.3 139.6 179.8 159.1 186.2 247.2 65.1 165.0 (10) 90.8 171.5 368.2 135.1 111.8 79.4 86.7 192.9 138.3 106.9 112.3 234.0 134.2 104.1 107.3 231.6 138.8 102.2 116.4 228.3 Average hours worked per week 1 August 1941 Chemical, petroleum, and coal products.. Petroleum refining Other than petroleum refining. Chemicals a Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal Druggists' preparations Explosives Fertilizers Paints and varnishes.. Rayon and allied products Soap Rubber products Rubber boots and shoes Rubber tires and inner tubes Rubber goods other ___ __ _ August 1941 October 1941 September 1941 40.1 41.9 43.1 Cents 83.5 62.5 73.1 Cents 83.0 62.0 72.8 Cents 82.4 61.8 72.5 39.9 35.9 39.9 35.7 83.2 108.2 82.9 107.6 81.6 107.0 40.2 36.9 41.1 41.0 46.6 41.9 43.3 36.8 41.2 39.4 41.2 39.9 37.2 40.7 40.8 44.7 41.0 43.0 36.5 41.3 39.2 41.1 40.0 38.0 40.6 41.3 38.7 40.3 43.0 36.1 41.7 39.3 41.3 85.0 109.6 77.9 88.6 35.9 63.9 93.0 50.1 80.9 77.3 83.2 84.5 108.3 77.6 89.6 35.6 63.0 90.4 51.4 78.9 74.6 81.5 83.7 102.5 78.0 88.5 37.1 63.8 89.4 51.7 78.4 72.8 79.0 39.1 41.8 35.8 41.6 38.5 42.7 34.7 41.2 39.4 41.4 37.0 41.3 86.5 73.0 105.8 71.2 85.9 72.6 104.6 70.9 86.1 71.5 106.2 70.0 October 1941 September 1941 $32.04 25.72 31.18 40.3 42.7 43.4 40.1 42.3 42.9 32.82 39.63 32.23 38.88 39.9 35.8 34.56 40.40 32.64 36.34 17.32 28.08 40.24 18.45 33. 27 30.42 34.28 34.15 40.14 32.17 36.57 16.05 27.44 38.89 18.77 32.56 29.29 33.50 33.78 38.57 32.16 36.57 14.82 27.03 38.46 18.67 32.65 28.60 32.66 33. 56 30.58 38.03 29.52 32.66 31.00 36.19 29.00 33.78 29.60 39.17 28.76 Nondurable goods—Continued Paper and printing Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: Book and job__ Newspapers and periodicals Average hourly earnings 1 NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929= 100 except for class I railroads, which are based on 1935-39 as 100J Coal mining: Anthracite 11 » Bituminous n Metalliferous mining 13._ Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum production 14 P u b l i c utilities: Telephone and telegraph 1 8 1 6 Electric light and power 18 w Street railways and busses 181« i7_ TradeWholesale " Retail18 Food General merchandising » »« Apparel16 Furniture Automotive 16 Lumber Hotels (year-round) 1 1 1 1 1 9 _ Laundries «' D y e i n g and cleaning 11 Brokerage » «o « Insurance 14 90 Building construction » W a t e r transportation « Class T steam railroads 23 _. _ 50.3 95.0 79.4 53.8 61.3 50.0 94.2 79.4 54.2 61.8 50.0 92.6 79.9 53.9 62.2 49 2 122.6 88.4 60.8 63.0 49.6 115 5 85.9 60.6 64.4 51.1 117.3 85.4 59.3 61.5 $32.12 34.48 35. 05 28.12 37.78 $32. 60 32.75 34.04 27.79 38.28 $33. 56 33. 85 33. 68 27.91 36.26 31.9 32.7 42.7 43.9 37.8 33.4 31.5 41.6 43.8 38.5 33.8 32.7 41.9 43.7 37.9 Cents 100.6 104.8 82.4 64.0 96.8 Cents 98.2 103.7 82.1 63.3 96.2 Cents 98.9 103.3 80.8 64.1 93.5 90.6 93.9 70.1 90.3 94.9 70.3 89.6 95 2 69.7 117.6 116.0 78.1 117.3 115.0 78.1 116.4 115.1 78.6 31.75 37.56 36.33 31.75 36.81 36.20 31.75 36. 75 36.67 40.0 40.7 46.5 40.3 40.0 46.4 40.2 40.3 47.4 79.9 92.6 76.9 79.3 92.5 77.1 79.2 91.5 76.3 96.6 100.9 110.6 115.6 96.7 81.0 87.5 82.9 95.6 100.0 109.7 111.7 94.9 79.5 89.7 83.4 95.8 96.9 108.4 103.0 80.5 78.5 92.8 83.2 92.0 97.5 107.2 110.3 92.5 85.0 86.2 87.1 90.9 95.8 105.8 106.6 90.3 77.9 86.3 87.1 89.8 94.0 105.3 99 3 77.8 76.0 95.7 85.4 33.36 22.17 24.88 18.84 22.25 31.72 29.50 29 00 33.28 22.11 24.80 18.83 22.19 30.51 28.83 28.84 32. 60 22.43 24.95 18.94 22.54 30. 19 30.71 28. 73 41.4 42.3 42.2 38.4 37.9 44.4 47.2 43.1 41.0 42.4 42 5 38.9 37.8 44.3 46.8 43.0 41.1 42.8 43.1 38.5 38.4 44.0 47.4 42.9 80.9 57.2 56.5 48.5 58.8 72.6 63.1 68.5 81.2 56.8 56 0 47.8 58.7 72.2 62 3 68.2 79.8 57.4 55.4 48.9 58.7 71.5 66.0 68.0 95.6 110.9 121.0 -.4 -.1 -1.3 77.6 119.3 95.7 113.0 121.5 -1.2 -.3 -1.6 78.5 118.7 94.5 114.6 118.9 +.8 +.4 +2. 1 79.3 118.3 92.0 103.2 98.4 +.9 +1.0 -2.8 (10) (10) 90.0 105.2 99.5 -.8 -.6 +1.3 (10) (10) 88 2 104.7 92.1 +1.4 +.4 +3.3 (10) (10) 16 66 19.31 22. 51 40.29 37.69 36.50 (10) (10) 16.27 19. 33 22. 69 39. 79 37.25 37.10 (10) (10) 16.13 18. 94 21.44 39. 47 37.33 35. 76 (10) (10) 46.2 42.9 44.0 (10) (10) 35.7 (10) (10) 45.4 43.3 44.7 (10) (10) 36.5 fio) (10) 46.1 43.2 43.2 (10) (10) 35.7 (10) (10) 35.9 45.2 52.4 (10) (10) 102.3 (10) (10) 35.6 44.9 51.9 (10) (10) 101.7 (10) (10) 34.7 44.1 50.8 (10) (10) 100.1 (10) (10) „ 1 Mimeographed sheets giving averages b y years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and b y months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average hours and average hourly earnings are c o m p u t e d from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. T h e figures are not strictly comparable from m o n t h to month because of changes in the size and c o m position of the reporting sample. a See tables 9, 10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s " for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January 1923 for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups, a Revisions in the following industries and groups have been made as indicated: All manufacturing.—July 1941 e m p l o y m e n t index to 130.6. Durable-goods group—July 1941 employment and pay-roll indexes to 137.6 and 172.2, respectively. Nondurable-goods group.—July 1941 pay-roll index to 130.7. Hardware—July 1941 pay-roll index, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings to 123.8, 71.0 cents, and $29.20, respectively. Transportation group.—April, M a y , June, and July 1941 employment indexes to 166.3, 171.7, 177.8, and 179.0; pay-rollL ndexes to 191.6, 217.0, 240.0, and 228.8. Aircraft.—June and July 1941 employment indexes to 6,718.1 and 7,231.3; pay-roll indexes to 8,193.5 and 9,045.7; average hours to 45.0 and 44.8; July hourly and weekly earnings to 81.2 cents and $36.57. Nonferrous group.—July 1941 e m p l o y m e n t and pay-roll indexes to 143.1 and 173.7. Clocks and watches, and time-recording devices.—May 1941 average hours and average hourly earnings to 42.3 hours and 64.6 cents; June hourly and weekly earnings to 66.0 cents and $27.94; July employment index, pay-roll index, and weekly earnings to 118.2, 138.3, and $25.85. Lighting equipment— April, M a y , June, and July 1941 employment indexes to 113.2, 111.6,113.0, and 111.4; pay-roll indexes to 106.0,110.4,116.3, and 113.2; average hourly earni ngs to 72.8, 74.8, 77.8, and 77.6 cents; average weekly earnings to $29.01, $30.62, $31.86, and $31.43; M a y , June, and July average hours to 41.0, 41.0 and 40.5 hours. Hosiery.—July 1941 average hours and average weekly earnings to 36.0 hours and $19.78. Food group.—July 1941 average hours to 40.9; average hourly earnings to 66.2 cents. Chemicals.—June 1941 employment index, pay-roll index, average hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings to 172.2, 232.7, 41.6 hours, 86.6 cents, and $36.04; July employment index to 175.9. (Footnotes continued on p. 24) to CO (Footnotes continued from p. 23) * See table 7 in the April 1941 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and Pay R o l l s " for revised figures from January 1940 to March 1941. 5 Adjusted on basis of a complete e m p l o y m e n t survey of the aircraft industry made b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. N o t comparable with previously published indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y Rolls." • T h e indexes for " A u t o m o b i l e s " have been adjusted to 1933 census figures, but not to later census figures because of problems involving integrated industries. 7 Locomotives.—Indexes, hours, and earnings, revised as follows: Indexes Year and month mo Employment P a y rolls Average hours worked per week Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings August September.. October N o v e m b e r . . _.. December.... 32.6 34.5 38.0 40.6 43.4 32.7 37.2 40.8 43.1 48.2 38.7 41.3 41.4 40.2 41.9 Cents 79.2 79.9 79.2 80.6 81.1 $30. 62 32.98 32.79 32. 43 34.00 mi January... February March.. April May. June July... 46.1 49.2 51.6 55.1 59.4 61.8 67.8 52.5 57.5 60.7 67.8 75.9 84.1 92.5 42.8 43.6 43.7 44.4 43.9 45.8 45.3 81.4 82.0 82.2 84.6 89.1 90.9 92.0 34. 79 35. 72 35.91 37. 59 39.08 41.62 41.70 8 See table 8 in March 1941 " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s " pamphlet for revised figures from January 1935 to February 1941. • Knitted cloth.—June and July 1941 hourly earnings revised to 53.4 and 54.5 cents. Because of change in composition of the reporting sample, these figures not comparable with those previously published. Comparable M a y 1941 figures, 53.7 cents. N o t available. u Indexes adjusted t o 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of this pamphlet. 12 See table 7 of October 1940 " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s " for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive. 13 See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised figures for metalliferous mining from January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive. 14 Does not include well drilling or rig building. 15 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they n o w exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. i0 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. N o t comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in " M o n t h l y Labor R e v i e w " prior to April 1940, with but 1 exception, retail furniture* which has been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable series for earlier months available upon request. 17 Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance." is Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in N o v e m b e r 1934 and subsequent issues of " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s . " 19 Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included. 20 Indexes of employment and p a y rolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding month substituted. 21 See note 18 in table 10 in the July 1941 issue of " E m p l o y m e n t and P a y R o l l s " for revised average weekly earnings in the brokerage industry from January 1939 to January 1941. 22 Based on estimates prepared b y the U . S. Maritime Commission covering e m p l o y ment on steam and motor merchant vessels of 1,000 gross tons or over in deep-sea trades only. 23 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission. tO 25 TABLE 6.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in 55 Additional Manufacturing Industries [12-month average 1939=100] Employment Industry Iron and steel group: Metal doors and shutters. Firearms Screw-machine products Wire drawing Wrought pipe not made in rolling mills w Steel barrels, kegs, and drums 2 Machinery group: Machine-tool accessories Pumps Refrigerators and refrigerating apparatus.. Sewing machines 2 Washing machines, wringers, and driers Transportation equipment group: Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts Nonferrous metals group: Sheet-metal work Smelting and refining of scrap metal Lumber group: Caskets and morticians' goods 2 W o o d preserving. W o o d turned and shaped. W o o d e n boxes, other than cigar Mattresses and bed springs Stone, clay, and glass products group: Abrasive wheels Asbestos products Lime Gypsum Glass products made from purchased glass. Wallboard and plaster, except gypsum Textiles: Textile bags Cordage and twine Curtains, draperies, and bedspreads. Housefurnishings, other. Jute goods, except felt 2 _. Handkerchiefs Leather group: Boot and shoe cut stock and findings2.. . : Leather gloves and mittens.. Trunks and suit cases Food group: Cereal preparations C ondensed and evaporated milk..... Feeds, prepared Paper and printing group: Paper bags. Envelopes Paper goods, not elsewhere classifiedBookbinding. Lithographing Chemical, petroleum, and coal products group: Ammunition Compressed and liquefied gases.. Perfumes and cosmetics Coke-oven products Paving materials ... Roofing materials P a y rolls Sept. 1941 Aug. 1941 Oct. 1941 Sept. 1941 148.3 0) 207.9 140.3 159.6 147.2 148.0 0) 203.2 140.6 158.0 140.4 145.7 0) 200.1 138.2 150.8 138.1 219.0 0) 293.8 173.1 204.4 190.7 196.9 l () 281.8 172.0 194.4 186.6 196.4 0) 274.1 170.6 198.7 177.9 246.9 203.3 121.4 136.8 113.6 241.0 197.7 127.6 134.7 126.5 237.3 194.7 136.3 129.7 125.0 330.7 312.8 141.5 220.3 133.1 323.2 301.8 147.4 212.7 142.4 312.2 285.4 162.1 198.2 152.4 169. 4 166.9 168.4 216.6 205.4 206.4 149.5 156.5 149.3 155.1 148.7 147.1 189.1 194.4 189.8 186.3 190.0 188.4 105.3 123.1 .108.5 127.9 128.8 104.8 124.7 113.1 125.3 130.7 104.5 125.4 113.7 123.4 129.7 120.1 160.9 142.1 170.9 161.7 117.1 158.2 138.6 162.0 165.4 116.0 161.0 134.4 164.1 159.7 193.7 144.2 121.0 128.1 136.7 140.8 190.8 145.9 123.2 128.3 146.9 140.3 186.8 146.2 125.5 110.3 148.1 142.7 257.8 195.2 161.8 169.6 167.9 166.3 247.5 195.7 160.8 171.6 169.5 167.4 234.6 191.4 161.1 149.0 167.3 181.1 117.7 142.5 112.4 142. 2 128.9 108.6 115.7 138.7 114.9 145.8 116.5 108.8 113.0 136 9 111.0 135. 5 134.2 106.4 137.3 193.6 158.0 176. 6 174.5 144.5 136.5 186.3 172.2 178.9 155. 8 137.7 131.9 182.4 164.2 166.4 177.9 130.1 104.9 154.1 180. 5 106. 7 148.4 171.4 107.7 149.9 163.1 125.8 195.8 204,1 128. 4 191.3 187. 3 126.4 194.0 166.9 116.6 124.4 113.7 118.4 124.4 112.7 120.1 123.7 111.6 128.0 146. 3 136.5 139.5 144.2 135.8 143.9 142.6 126.6 129.3 123.1 128.7 117.0 108.3 131.7 121.7 130.0 116.9 108.7 130.2 120.5 126.8 116.0 106.5 160.7 136.6 152. 3 143.2 117.9 161.4 136.9 151.0 148. 6 123. 3 153.2 132.7 144.6 148.3 121.5 0) 140.5 121.8 124.3 113.6 129.6 0) 139.0 114.9 124.9 126.6 133.0 () 140.4 107.3 126.2 127.0 135. 4 0) 162.3 140.5 147.4 139.2 164.9 0) 154.8 125.2 146.1 158.0 161.0 (0 167.0 116.9 147.5 158.8 169.2 Oct. 1941 ._ 1 l Aug. 1941 1 N o t available. Revisions of employment and pay-roll indexes in the following industries have been made as indicated: Steel barrels, kegs, and drums— March, April, M a y , June, and July employment to 103.5, 112.4,124.1, 130.3, and 135.fi; pay-roll to 120.5, 139.0, 159.6, 173.6, and 167.5. Sewing machines'—January, February, March, April, M a v , June, and July employment to 111.7, 113.3, 117.5, 121.9, 125.0, 127.9, and 129.3; pay-roll to 127.8, 138.9, 149.5, 165.9, 178.6, 194.7, and 190.7. Caskets and morticians* goods.—March, April, M a y , Tune, and July employment to 103.0, 102.6, 101.6, 101.0, and 102.9; February, June, and July pay-roll to 110.7, 109.5, and 112.3. Jute goods, except felt—January, February, March, April, M a y , June, and July employment to 106.7, 108.3, 115.1, 123.0, 122.2, 128.3, and 130.6; pay-roll to 115.3, 122.3, 137.6, 152 7, 153.9, 162.1, and 165.1 Boot and choe cut stock and findings.—February, March, M a y , June, and July employment to 103.7, 105.2, 103.4, 105.6, and 107.9; February, March, April, M a y , June, and July pay-roll to 114.4, 118.5, 111.7, 114.5, 124.8, and 128.5. Trunks and suitcases.—November and December 1940, January, February, March, April, M a y , June and July 1941 employment to 125.8, 127.4, 124.3, 130.9, 126.0, 130.8, 136.4, 145.6, and 152.2; pay-roll to 132.9, 146.2, 126.8, 132.7, 129.1, 133.3, 140.0, 151.6, and 149.7. 2 2 6 TABLE 6.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in 55 Additional Manufacturing Industries—Continued Employment Industry Miscellaneous group: Chemical fire extinguishers Buttons Instruments—professional, scientific, and commercial Optical goods Photographic apparatus Pianos, organs, and parts Toys, games, and playground equipment Pay rolls Oct. 1941 Sept. 1941 Aug. 1941 Oct. 1941 Sept. 1941 319.4 121.0 326.2 120.2 301.4 116.2 471.3 156.9 483.3 151.5 430.1 148.2 218.1 200.3 174.3 126.2 129.5 144.3 200.0 280.2 249.5 208.5 159.9 151.4 155.4 242.1 203.7 156.4 144.6 157.1 177.1 124.9 130.7 139.7 173.2 126.9 126.1 144.6 215.2 162.3 159.6 157.8 Aug. 1941 and1 TABLE 7.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, October 1940 to October 1941 1941 1940 Industry Av. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. M a y June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Employment Manufacturing All industries goods 3 Durable Nondurable goods 107.5 113.8 114.7 116.2 115.5 117.8 119.9 122.6 124.9 127.9 130.6 133.1 135.2 135.3 104.3 112.8 115.5 117.7 118.3 121.0 123.7 127.7 131.3 135.1 137.6 138.7 142.1 144.0 . 110.6 114.8, 113.8 114.8 112.7 114.7 116.3 117.8 118.8 121.1 123.9 127.7 128.7 127.1 Nonmanufacturing 50.7 Anthracite mining 8 88.0 Bituminous-coal mining Metalliferous mining 69.9 Quarrying and nonmetal45.3 lic mining Crude-petroleum production . 62.9 Telephone and telegraph 7_. 77.9 91.1 Electric light and power Street r a i l w a y s and 68.5 busses 7 8 90.4 Wholesale trade 92.3 Retail trade 7 Year-round hotels 6 92.0 99.5 Laundries 5 Dyeing and cleaning8 104.7 49.4 50.4 50.8 50.3 50.6 50.2 48.7 48.6 49.2 49.3 50.0 50.0 50.3 89.2 89.8 90.1 90.2 90.6 91.1 23.5 '87.9 88.1 90.3 92.6 94.2 95.0 72.6 72.5 72.2 72.5 73.4 74.3 77.2 77.1 78.9 79.0 79.9 79.4 79.4 48.8 47.2 45.4 41.7 42.4 44.2 48.2 51.0 51.9 52.7 53.9 54.2 53.8 62.4 61.3 60.7 60.3 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.3 61.5 62.1 62.2 61.8 61.3 79.1 79.2 79.7 80.4 80.9 81.8 83.2 84.6 86.3 88.3 89.6 90.3 90.6 92.3 91.8 91.3 90.5 90.1 90.3 91.3 92.2 93.5 94.6 95.2 94.9 93.9 68.7 91.0 94.3 93.4 100.2 109.4 68.7 91.8 96.3 92.3 99.7 106.0 68.4 92.5 108.1 92.6 100.3 103.3 68.3 68.0 91.2 91.4 90.5 90.7 92.9 93.9 101.4 101.1 101. OjlOl. 4 68.2 91.8 92.5 94.2 102.5 104.4 68.3 68.9 92.4 92.2 97.8 96.1 95.2 96.3 104.9 108.3 117.2J120.6 69.1 93.8 97.8 95.0 112.0 122.7 69.5 69.7 94.2 95.8 96.7 96.9 94.5 94.5 115.8 114.6 121.7|118.9 70.3 95.6 100.0 95.7 113.0 121.5 70.1 96.6 100.9 95.6 110.9 121.0 Pay rolls All industries Durable goods* Nondurable goods 4 105.4 116.2 116.4 122.4 120.7 126.8 131.2 134.7 144.1 152.2 152.7 158.1 162.6 166.6 107.8 123.4 125.1 131.7 132.0 139.3 144.6 149.9 163.1 173.9 172.2 177.6 183.2 191.1 102.7 108.1 106.6 112.1 108.1 112.9 116.3 117.7 122.9 127.9 130.7 136.3 139.5 139.2 Nonmanufacturing 38.5 32.3 37.6 42.7 38.5 45.2 42.4 24.3 Anthracite mining 8 81.2 83.6 84.5 91.4 87.8 90.8 93.8 15.5 Bituminous-coal mining Metalliferous mining • 66.7 71.3 69.8 72.8 70.4 71.8 72.7 78.9 Quarrying and nonmetallic mining 40.5 46.7 42.3 42.4 36.9 38.2 40.3 47.0 Crude-petroleum production 58.2 57.6 56.8 55.9 55.7 57.3 56.1 57.8 Telephone and telegraph 7_ 100.2 102.2 103.2 103.5 103.9 104.3 106.4 107.3 Electric light and power7_ 104.8 107.0 106.9 106.0 105.1 105.4 106.1 107.6 Street r a i l w a y s and 70.4 70.7 70.3 73.1 70.7 71.0 72.5 72.0 busses 7 8 79.0 80.2 80.7 83.4 80.5 81.4 82.0 83.4 Wholesale trade Retail trade 7 84.2 85.8 87.1 97.3 83.7 84.6 86.2 91.7 8 82.4 84.2 83.6 84.1 84.1 86.1 85.7 87.1 Year-round hotels Laundries 87.7 88.0 87.2 89.2 89.8 89.7 90.9 95.8 8 Dyeing and cleaning 78.2 82.4 77.8 75.8 73.3 74.4 77.2 97.8 (See footnotes at bottom of p. 27) 33.4 51.2 34.8 51.1 49.6 49.2 103.4 107.2 105.4 117.3 115.5 122.6 81.5 85.3 79.3 85.4 85.9 88.4 53.2 55.7 55.5 59.3 60.6 60.8 58.6 59.9 61.4 61.5 64.4 63.0 110.5 113.0 115.7 116.4 117.3 117.6 109.6 111.4 113.5 115.1 115.0 116.0 72.7 84.6 91.5 87.9 98.7 96.1 76.2 88.4 95.2 87.4 102.5 98.4 75.8 88.0 94.0 87.6 106.7 96.4 78.6 89.8 94.0 88.2 104.7 92.1 78.1 90.9 95.8 90.0 105.2 99.5 78.1 92.0 97.5 92.0 103.2 98.4 27 TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment in Manufacturing Industries, by Metropolitan Area [12-month average 1937=100] EmployPercentage ment index change September to October September October 1941 1941 1940 Employment index Metropolitan area October 1941 Akron, Ohio Albany, N . Y . i Atlanta, Ga Baltimore, M d Birgmingham, Ala . 115.5 115.0 114.1 161.6 131.5 115.3 113.8 109.6 157.8 130.8 +0.2 +1.1 +4.1 +2.4 +.5 89.0 92.2 99.0 118.9 114.9 141.7 110.3 180.1 96.9 143.1 140.4 111.4 179.6 99.8 141.2 +.9 -1.0 +.3 -2.9 +1.3 111.0 88.5 100.9 101.9 114.0 159.4 143.7 144.0 117.2 132.2 120.9 132.8 156.5 142.0 144.9 122.5 131.6 124.2 132.0 +1.9 +1.2 -.6 -4.3 +.5 -2.7 +.6 111.7 113.5 108.0 103.7 104.7 115.6 104.1 Cincinnati, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Columbus, Ohio Dallas, Tex Dayton, Ohio * 124.6 133.6 133.0 150.5 109.8 122.7 134.6 131.8 138.7 109.2 +1.5 -.7 +.9 +8.5 +.5 98.8 106.1 105.2 109.9 90.6 Denver, Colo Des Moines, Iowa Detroit, Mich Duluth, Minn El Paso, Tex 121.7 109.7 95.5 85.5 92.1 123.7 110.7 93.3 87.3 95.0 -1.6 -.9 +2.4 -2.1 -3.1 96.1 100.3 90.3 69.4 91.0 Erie, Pa Evansville, Ind Flint, Mich Fort Wayne, Ind Fort Worth, Tex 145.9 90.9 93.2 116.7 116.6 146.7 92.0 86.0 117.9 113.2 -.5 -1.2 +8.4 -1.0 +3.0 105.2 77.3 90.8 84.3 90.4 Grand Rapids, Mich.' Hartford, Conn Houston, Tex Indianapolis, Ind Jacksonville, Fla 123.1 . 150.1 125.5 143.4 148.0 130.5 148.8 124.3 142.9 144.0 -5.7 +.9 +1.0 +.3 +2.8 120.8 112.1 99.6 117.0 113.4 Kansas City, M o Kansas City, Kans Kansas City, Mo., and outside. Khoxville, Tenn Los Angeles, Calif . Long Beach. Calif. Los Angeles city and outside... 115.6 109.1 118.1 121.9 196.1 133.4 197.8 111.7 106.0 113.9 117.6 185.2 117.5 187.0 +3.5 +2.9 +3.7 +3.7 +5.9 +13.5 +5.8 101.5 98.7 102.6 96.0 125.3 91.9 126.2 Boston, Mass. 1 Cambridge, Mass Lynn, Mass Somerville, Mass Boston City and outside 1 Bridgeport, C o n n . . Buffalo, N . Y Canton, Ohio Chattanooga, Tenn Chicago, 111 Gary, Ind Chicago City and outside — __„ ... See footnotes a t end of table. (Footnotes from table 7, on p. 26) 1 3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufacturers. See tables 9, 10, and 11 of December 1940 "Employment and Pay Rolls" for comparable figures back to January 1919 for " A l l , manufacturing" and January 1923 for "Durable goods" and "Nondurable goods." 2 12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining, and crude-petroleum production are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of "Employment and Pay Rolls" or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of Monthly Labor Review. For other nonmanufacturing indexes see notes 5,6, and 7. 3 Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied products, and stone, clay, and glass products. * Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups. «Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are presented in January 1938 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet. See also table 7 of October 1940 pamphlet for revised figures for anthracite mining, February to September 1940. 6 See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised indexes January 1938 to January 1941. i Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable with indexes published in "Employment and Pay Rolls" pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in "Monthly Labor Review" prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed form. 8 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies. 28 TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment in Manufacturing Industries by Metropolitan Area— Continued Employment index Metropolitan area October 1941 September 1941 EmployPercentage Percentage ment index change change October September 1940 to to October October October 1941 1941 1940 Louisville, K y Lowell, Mass Memphis, Tenn 2___ Miami, Fla2__ Milwaukee, Wis 119.2 106.0 118.0 122.8 120.5 116.6 105.3 106.6 119.9 121.3 +2.2 +.7 +10.7 +2.4 +.7 106.0 101.5 104.9 92.3 95.4 +12.5 +4.4 +12.5 +33.0 +26.3 Minneapolis-St. Paul. St. Paul, Minn Minneapolis city and outside Nashville, Tenn New Haven, Conn 122.0 126.3 119.7 109.7 143.1 119.0 123.4 116.7 112.1 135.4 +2.5 +2.4 +2.6 -2.1 +5.7 94.8 98.4 92.9 94.2 108.5 +28.7 +28.4 +28.8 +16.5 +31.9 N e w Orleans, L a . _ . N e w York and Northeastern N e w Jersey L Newark, N . J . Jersey City, N . J Patterson, N . J Elizabeth, N . J Yonkers, N . Y N e w York City and outside i 142.7 135.9 137.4 120.6 155.1 134.8 119.2 135.9 141.3 134.9 134.9 117.7 153.5 135.5 119. 6 135.1 +1.0 +.7 +1.9 +2.5 +1.0 -.5 -.3 +.6 101.3 112.6 111.4 101« 2 126.9 106.8 97.3 112.9 +40.9 + 20.7 +23.3 +19.2 +22.2 +26.2 +22.5 +20.4 Norfolk, Va. * Oklahoma, City, Okla Omaha, Nebr. . Peoria, 111 _.._. Philadelphia, Pa. Camden, N . J Philadelphia city and outside 219.8 123.4 109.9 116.3 125.8 160.2 123.1 218.7 118.8 111.6 115.3 124.6 176.2 120.4 +.5 +3.9 -1.5 +.9 +1.0 -9.1 +2.2 161.4 103.6 89.5 90.4 103. 5 136.4 100.8 +36.2 +19.1 +22.8 +28.7 +21.5 +17.4 +22.1 Pittsburgh, Pa Portland, Oreg Providence, R . 1 1 Fall River, Mass. N e w Bedford, Mass Providence city and outside 127.4 172.4 125.9 109.9 103.5 134.5 126.8 166.1 125.1 111.7 103.5 132.9 +.5 +3.8 +.6 -1.6 0 +1.2 103.8 103.4 105.3 107.9 79.9 110.7 +22.7 +66.7 +19.6 +1.9 +29.5 +21.5 Reading, P a . . . Richmond, Va Rochester, N. Y._ St. Louis, M o Salt Lake City, Utah... 76.9 113.2 125.9 121.8 99.5 77.1 114.3 125.8 120.8 93.4 -.3 -1.0 +.1 +.8 +6.5 73.2 110.2 100.5 100.8 89.2 +5.1 +2.7 +25.3 +20.8 +11.5 San Antonio, Tex San Diego, Calif San Francisco, Calif.1— Oakland, Calif San Francisco city and outside 1 120.4 449.6 148.4 118.4 155.5 121.7 409.3 147.6 130.0 151.7 -1.1 +9.8 +.5 -8.9 +2.5 107.4 242.1 108.2 107.4 108.4 +12.1 +85.7 +37.2 +10.2 +43.5 Scranton, Pa_. Seattle, Wash South Bend, I n d A . Spokane, Wash Springfield, Mass. 1 .. 92.6 207.8 139.0 109.5 133.9 91.9 203.3 141.8 104.5 133.4 +.8 +2.2 -2.0 +4.8 +.4 89.8 121.4 111.9 102.4 101.7 +3.1 +71.2 +24.2 +6.9 +31.7 . 138.6 126.5 135.4 100.8 139.3 136.0 130.6 129.9 101.8 140.3 +1.9 -3.1 +4.2 -1.0 -.7 111.3 94.6 120.4 87.7 124.4 +24.5 +33.7 +12.5 +14.9 +12.0 Tulsa, Okla.. Utica, N. Y Washington, D . C. 1 . Wichita, Kans.2._ Wilmington, Del Worcester, Mass Youngstown, Ohio.. 124.8 139.4 162.9 277.9 132.2 121.6 113.4 118.7 137.7 159.1 273.6 132.9 121.2 114.5 +5.1 +1.2 +2.4 +1.6 -.5 +.3 -1.0 91.5 106.8 121.1 141.5 101.9 101.6 96.2 +36.4 +30.5 +34.5 +96.4 +29.7 +19.7 +17.9 Syracuse, N . Y.2.. Tacoma, Wash.. Tampa, F l a . . . Toledo, Ohio.. Trenton, N. J . 1 Includes employment in Government navy yards and arsenals. Previously published indexes for 1941 have been revised as follows: Dayton—August, 108.6; Grand Rapids—August, 136.2; Memphis—June, 111.8, July, 114.9, August, 116.0; Miami—June, 104.0, July, 93.3, August, 101.3; South Bend—August, 128.1; Syracuse—July, 127.7, August, 131.0; Wichita—June 255.7, July, 259.9, August, 271.2. 1 2 29 WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN UNITED STATES INDUSTRIES The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending October 15, 1941, as shown by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments which supply employment data to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. TABLE 9.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending Oct. i5, 1941 1 2 Establishments Group and industry NumTotal ber renumber porting covered increases All manufacturing Employees Total number covered Average percentage change in wage Number re- rates of employporting ees increases having increases 33,612 1,186 7, 772, 557 400,060 8.7 - 12,548 21,064 411 4, 284, 944 775 3,487,613 132, 940 267,120 9.8 8.2 Iron and steel and their products, not including machineryBlast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills Cast-iron pipe Forgings, iron and steel Hardware Plumbers' supplies. Stamped and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings Stoves... . . . . . . _ Structural and ornamental metalwork Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws). . . . Wirework _ ... Screw-machine products 2, 558 336 68 95 159 111 241 83 1,103, 255 575, 599 8 20,196 8 19, 362 6 52,092 3 28, 646 3 51,167 9 22, 589 1, 986 1, 360 1,829 184 731 1,180 6.5 7.9 10.2 8.3 2.3 11.4 9.9 Machinery, not including transportation equipment Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills Foundry and machine-shop products. Machine tools Textile machinery and parts Machine-tool accessories Refrigerators and refrigerating apparatus Durable goods Nondurable goods ... Transportation equipment Aircraft .. Automobiles C ars, electric- and steam-railroad. Shipbuilding. Nonferrous metals and their products Brass, bronze, and copper products Jewelry Lighting equipment Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc 111 238 287 4 10 5 47, 032 41, 731 36,657 4,187 1,485 128 3.1 8.5 7.8 132 174 80 4 8 3 20, 916 30, 664 20,905 451 922 779 8.2 5.4 9.8 3, 835 607 76 2, 243 198 122 111 64 120 1,251,535 337, 650 22 103, 757 3 401,944 61 97,919 8 25, 611 6 4 21, 570 4 33, 527 24, 914 6, 641 338 10, 063 1,866 715 337 1,317 7.8 9.2 9.9 6.8 9.0 8.3 4.6 8.5 844 116 402 67 219 31 1,081, 746 263,977 7 469, 276 13 48, 526 3 268,955 6 50,256 40,132 6, 312 917 1, 637 13.4 15.2 5.0 12.1 8.0 257,992 96, 813 20, 207 16, 706 33,014 14,127 2, 539 709 487 9, 286 7.8 6.1 9.9 9.6 7.9 1,090 352 201 87 57 42 13 6 3 10 1 Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. T h e y are, however, included where practicable in "all manufacturing," and in the various industry groups. 2 N o decreases reported. 30 TABLE 9.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending Oct. 15, 1941—Continued Establishments Group and industry NumTotal ber renumber porting covered increases Employees Total number covered Average percentage change in wage Number re- rates of e m p loyporting ees increases having increases lumber and allied products Furniture Lumber: Millwork Sawmills W o o d e n boxes, other than cigar Mattresses and bed springs 2,711 719 362,346 116,187 16,408 7, 254 566 665 132 196 43, 235 131,092 13, 325 14, 225 1,618 6,119 531 376 Stone, clay, and glass products Cement Glass... Pottery.. Lime_. 1,510 127 147 119 65 228,070 22, 838 71,185 30, 515 4, 527 4, 646 406 2,675 669 163 Textiles and their products Fabrics Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing and finishing textiles Hosiery Knitted outerwear. Knitted underwear Knitted cloth Silk and rayon goods W o o l e n and worsted g o o d s . Cordage and t w i n e . . . Housefurnishings, other 6,867 3, 711 812 139 230 478 220 140 82 452 408 59 73 378 1,443,694 267 1,074,854 111 444, 015 16, 517 4 58, 633 22 114,564 50 19,617 6 41,626 3 7,436 4 72,551 12 168,120 32 15,164 5 7,398 3 158,294 142,118 26,971 284 9, 729 16, 572 602 1, 003 340 6,784 13,890 853 338 7.9 7.4 4.7 7.9 7.8 9.4 6.5 6.6 10.0 7.9 9.1 Wearing apparel Clothing, men's Clothing, women's Corsets and allied garments M e n ' s furnishings Shirts and collars 3,156 1,115 1,282 65 149 259 111 32 34 4 368,840 158,133 102, 091 11, 327 15, 742 56, 349 16,176 3,789 2,984 561 1, 029 7,795 12.9 11.6 10.3 9.3 14.3 13.0 Leather and its manufactures Boots and shoes Leather B o o t and shoe cut stock and findings 1,084 514 168 125 251,103 173,670 38,989 10, 558 11, 539 6,151 4,446 279 Food and kindred products Baking Beverages Butter Canning and preserving... Confectionery Flour Slaughtering and meat packing 5, 271 1,018 609 319 1, 051 281 336 321 5 4 7 8 9 11 567, 594 83, 525 43,924 5,980 134,119 46,022 15,418 127, 753 10, 604 1,930 226 6 265 2,254 453 2,472 4.6 7.4 9.2 6.3 7.0 8.7 7 3 4 74.488 11,463 44.489 1,793 357 1,436 7.9 10.0 7.3 Tobacco manufactures ... Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. Cigars and cigarettes 42 3 11 6 3 11 8.7 6.0 5.7 6.4 7.2 8.1 7.8 7.6 9.4 9.0 6.8 5.7 8.0 7.3 8.2 5.8 8.4 8.8 Paper and printing Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: B o o k and j o b Newspapers and periodicals Paper goods, not elsewhere classified Lithographing 3,998 658 111 417, 728 52,853 145, 026 13,236 983 9,258 6.1 6.8 5.7 1,560 728 151 84 25 19 84,61§ 64,672 25,436 7,875 1,025 767 1,097 45 5.9 5.7 8.8 7.8 Chemical, petroleum, and coal products Chemicals.. : ExplosivesFertilizers Paints and varnishes Petroleum refining R a y o n and allied products Coke-oven products. Roofing materials 2,248 234 43 305 497 172 29 26 28 114 36 14 6 22 6 5 3 4 386,227 79,617 17,070 12,898 24, 825 77,079 51,297 9,249 4,671 53,954 20,841 7,007 274 4, 512 3,734 12,970 1,253 500 9.4 8.5 7.3 9.4 5.7 7.2 14.5 9.0 8.0 22 32 31 TABLE 9.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending Oct. 15, 1941—Continued Establishments Group and industry Rubber products NumTotal ber renumber porting covered increases ..... Miscellaneous Fabricated plastic and wood-pulp products Buttons Instruments—professional, scientific, and commercial.. Pianos, organs, and parts . Surgical and orthopedic appliances.. All nonmanufacturing (except building construction) Coal-mining: Anthracite 3 Bituminous Metalliferous mining. _ Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum production Electric light and power Manufactured gas Street railways and busses.. Wholesale trade. — Retail trade. •__ Hotels Laundries Dyeing and cleaning Brokerage.. Employees Total number covered Average percentage change in wage Numrates of ber reemploy* porting ees increases having increases 258 9 140,852 3,240 7.9 1,110 74 53 68 46 49 40 3 5 7 4 6 205, 927 21,431 6,348 29,912 7,974 9, 561 14,460 2,079 439 5,097 1,680 2,105 7.9 7.0 5.0 8.6 9.2 4.6 <92,480 833 3, 137,900 72,256 5.3 80 - 4 1,010 4 390 4 1,140 4 490 4 2,850 4 170 4 350 4 14,830 4 52, 670 4 1, 940 4 1, 210 4 870 4 1, 270 45 60,100 244,800 3 14 79,000 45, 000 10 24 39,900 257, 500 38 35,900 3 134,200 6 354, 300 273 385 1,119, 600 15 147,100 84,700 8 3 19,400 3 18,900 35,467 379 4,636 745 4,963 8,096 544 1,089 6,023 4,204 3,849 316 52 26 2.5 17.0 9.1 11.3 6.0 8.8 13.1 5.9 6.8 7.9 9.9 8.7 6.5 4 11.0 s Includes only those collieries explicitly reporting wage-rate increases in connection with their October employment reports to this Bureau. It is assumed, however, that the increase was general throughout the industry, as provided in the Anthracite Agreement of M a y 20,1941. 4 Approximate—based on previous month's sample. Public Employment The detailed tables presented below showing public employment and pay rolls may be grouped into four main categories: (1) Regular Federal services, table 10; (2) construction projects financed from Federal funds, tables 11-14; (3) work-relief programs of the Federal Government, tables 15-18; and (4) State road projects, table 19. REGULAR FEDERAL SERVICES Table 10 covers all persons in the executive service who are employed directly by the Federal Government. It includes civilian employees of the War and Navy Departments as well as employees of the national defense agencies, but excludes the uniformed personnel of the Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps. Data for the legislative, judicial, and military branches are shown in table 1, on page 5. Force-account employees of the Federal Government, that is, persons on the pay roll of the United States Government engaged on construction work whose period of employment terminates as the project is completed, are included in table 10, and also in tables 11 and 13, under the type of construction project. Nurses, educational 32 advisers, and supervisory and technical employees of the Civilian Conservation Corps are also included in table 10 as well as table 18. Data for the legislative, judicial, and force-account employees and for the military and naval personnel are reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the respective offices, and data for the executive service employees are reported through the Civil Service Commission. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS With the exception of the force-account employees, all employees shown in tables 11 through 14 are not hired directly by the Federal Government but by contractors and subcontractors engaged in construction work financed wholly or partially from Federal funds. The force-account employees who are included in tables 11 and 13 also appear in table 10. Data on the employment, pay rolls, man-hours worked, hourly earnings, and material orders placed on construction projects financed from Federal funds are reported monthly to the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the various contractors and subcontractors. WORK-RELIEF PROJECTS Tables 15 through 18 present employment and pay-roll data for the work-relief programs of the Work Projects Administration, National Youth Administration, and the Civilian Conservation Corps. The data are reported monthly to the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the respective agencies. The nurses, educational advisers, and supervisory and technical employees of the Civilian Conservation Corps are also included in the executive service (table 10). All other data are for work-relief personnel, except for, roughly, 5 percent of the W. P. A. and N. Y, A. employees who are hired in a supervisory capacity. STATE ROADS Employment and pay-roll data for the maintenance and construction of State roads which are financed wholly from State or local funds are shown in table 19. The data are reported monthly to the Bureau of Labor Statistics through the Public Roads Administration. 33 TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the Federal Govern• merit, September and October 1941 1 [Subject to revision] Employment Class October 1941 Pay rolls Septem- P e r c e n t ber age 1941 change October 1941 Percentage change September 1941 - 1,512,428 1,487,925 +1.6 $235,855, 055 $224,140, 668 +5.2 Regular appropriation Emergency appropriation Force account Inside the District of Columbia 1,309,159 1,287,860 21, 063 21,578 2 182,206 178,487 195,011 191,588 +1.7 -2.4 +2.1 +1.8 203,001,400 193, 664, 784 3,143,123 3,152,274 2 29, 710, 532 27, 323, 610 33, 766, 000 32, 654, 962 +4.8 -.3 +8.7 +3.4 Regular appropriation. Emergency appropriation Force account Outside the District of Columbia 177,991 181, 091 3,343 3, 325 10, 254 10,595 1, 317,417 1, 296, 337 +1.7 -.5 +3.3 +1.6 31,006,067 525,018 2,234, 915 202, 089,055 30,211,888 530, 645 1, 912,429 191,485, 706 +2.6 -1.1 +16.9 +5.5 1,128, 068 1,109,869 17,738 18,235 171,611 168,233 +1.6 -2.7 +2.0 171,995, 333 2, 618,105 27,475,617 163,452,896 2, 621, 629 25,411,181 +5.2 -.1 +8.1 Entire service Regular appropriation Emergency appropriation. Force account 1 Employment data are for the last pay period of the month, pay-roll data for the calendar month. 2 Also included in tables 11 and 13. TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, October 1941 i [Subject to revision] Employment T y p e of project All projects Airport construction Building construction: Residential Nonresidential Electrification: Rural Electrification Administration projects 4 .. Other than R . E . A . projects Forestry Heavy engineering ... Public roads 5 Reclamation ... River, harbor, and flood control: Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc.. Locks and dams.. Ship construction: Naval vessels Other than naval vessels,_ Streets and roads Water and sewerage . ... Miscellaneous Maximum 2 31,023,182 Weekly average Pay rolls for the month Value of Man-hours Average material worked earnings orders during per hour placed durmonth ing month 945,640 $155,745,748 165,869,154 $0.939 $250,048,003 65,649 61,588 7,978,470 10,510,873 .759 11,340,456 52, 547 431, 310 44,003 390,073 6,421, 260 67, 2? 8, 549 6,948,431 67,958,499 .924 .990 9,875,525 107,291,179 8, 576 1,208 12 5,682 (6) 38,488 6,910 990 12 5,682 71,286 37, 264 490,146 144, 612 763 563, 542 7, 546, 068 6, 276,835 890,175 132, 723 1,488 860,691 10,887, 208 7, 025, 598 .551 1.090 .513 .655 .693 .893 2,038, 589 246,032 136 458, 657 14, 794,825 6,409,637 40,357 7,993 35, 638 7,331 5,122,166 1,138,331 5,926,692 1,309,108 .864 .870 4,919, 770 1,544,413 199,722 69,815 8,386 1,341 20,810 191,351 64,106 7,731 1, 205 20,470 38, 812,181 12, 356,814 827,930 150, 562 634, 519 39, 511,692 11,677, 596 1,078,967 160,738 988,675 .982 1.058 .767 .937 .642 67, 522, 279 18, 674,450 1,352,805 394, 435 2,184,815 1 Data are for the month ending on the .15th, except public-roads data, which are for the calendar month. Includes 182,013 force-account employees with $29,685,951 pay roll, which are also included in the executive service, table 10. 2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month. 3 Includes weekly average for public-roads projects. ^ Financed b y Rural Electrification Administration loans. « Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. 6 N o t available; weekly average includes the total for all projects. 34 TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Rent Housing Construction Projects Operated by the United States Housing Authority, by Geographic Division, October 1941* [Subject to revision] Employment Geographic division Maximum Pay rolls Man-hours worked for the during month month Weekly average 34,381 $4,552,414 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month All divisions 40,820 4,646,517 $0,980 $6,868,67& New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Centred South Atlantic 4,928 7,658 6,204 732 10,708 4,075 6,481 5,428 658 8,956 624,303 1,044,997 852,679 121,922 1,038,870 567,171 867,286 720,124 94,520 1,266,836 1.101 1.205 1.184 1.290 .820 1,759,723 1,410,395 913,487 126,331 1,462,173 2,234 3,490 468 2,414 1,984 1,794 2,998 393 2,075 1,523 160,855 294,997 55,578 290,703 67,510 217,731 381,193 50,175 256,207 225,274 .739 .774 1.108 1.135 .300 224,682 412,520 122,386 353,362 83,619 East South Central West South Central Mountain Pacific. Outside continental United States.. * Data are for the month ending on the 15th. TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Federal and Non-Federal Construction Projects Financed From Public Works Administration Funds, by Type of Project, October 19411 [Subject to revision] Employment Type of project All programs Maximum 2 Weekly average 4,381 3,575 Payrolls for the month Manhours worked during month $493,829 536,851 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month $0,920 $1,031,069 Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act, 1938 funds All projects 3 464 435 $62,120 78,107 $0,795 $43,899 Airport construction (exclusive of buildin©?) Building construction Public roads * Reclamation Miscellaneous 61 112 00 268 5 61 107 18 245 4 9,732 11,257 340 39,833 958 15,270 12,707 845 48,846 439 .637 886 .402 .815 2.182 991 14,723 700 24,243 3,242 Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act, Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, 1935, 1936, and 1937, funds and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act, 1938 funds All projects 3,917 3,140 $431,709 458,744 $0,941 $987,170 Building construction Electrification Heavy engineering Railroads...Reclamation Streets and roads Water and sewerage Miscellaneous 85 95 3,430 16 81 149 40 21 69 81 2,758 16 40 122 33 21 9,239 22,424 383,868 43 4,981 4,689 3,826 2,639 5,858 14,187 423,061 88 5,048 4,650 3,213 2,639 1.577 1.581 .907 .489 .987 1.008 1.191 1.000 232,424 6,033 735,331 0 8,052 1,134 4,190 0 i Data are for the month ending on the 15th, except public-roads data, which are for the calendar month. Includes 193 force-account employees with $24,581 pay roll, which are also included in the executive service, table 10. i Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month. * Includes weekly average for public roads. < Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. * Not available; weekly average included in the total for all projects. 35 TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, October 19411 [Subject to revision] Employment * Pay rolls for the month Man-hours worked during month All projects 23,853 $3,431,600 3,484,346 $0,985 $7,407,266 Building construction 3 Streets suad roads Heavy engineering 23,576 117 160 3,394,179 1,759 35,662 3,458,041 2,586 23,719 .982 .680 1.504 7,406,808 208 250 Type of project Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month i Data are for the month ending on the 15th. ' Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month. «Includes 613 employees, $95,224 pay roll, 83,172 man-hours worked, and $109,032 worth of material orders placed, on projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co. TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects Administration, October 19411 [Subject to revision] All projects Pay rolls for the month Man-hours worked during the month 1,040,483 $62,933,276 135,367,879 $0,465 328,350 712,133 20,079,987 42,853,289 43,570,781 91,797,098 .461 .467 Employment 8 Type of project ...... Defense Nondefense Average earnings per hour * Data are for the calendar month. Average of weekly counts as of each Wednesday during the month. 1 TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects Administration, by Type of Project, September 19411 [Subject to revision] Type of project All projects Conservation Highways, roads, and streets Community service programs, excluding sewing.. Public buildings 3 Publicly owned or operated utilities Recreation and recreational facilities5 Sanitation Sewing Airports and airways Not elsewhere classified—total National defense vocational training Other Pay rolls for the month Man-hours worked during the month 1,036,981 $61,224,870 131,746,107 $0,465 24,959 348,365 232,714 110,606 90,593 1,333,311 18,274,709 14,665,737 7,388,688 5,503,435 2,926,706 43,073,668 28,724,521 14,725,127 11,568,807 .456 .424 .511 .502 .476 38,023 9,380 57,898 56,909 67,534 2,450,810 507,513 2,951,766 3,537,022 4,611,879 4,845,038 1,193,808 7,063,055 8,588,250 9,037,127 .506 .425 .418 .412 .510 35,773 31,761 2,017,863 2,594,016 4,452,624 4,584,503 .453 .566 Employment 2 Average hourly earnings i Includes projects operated by other Federal agencies and financed by allocation of W . P. A . funds. Data are for the calendar month. 3 Data for all projects, airports and airways, and national defense vocational training represent the average of weekly employment counts made during the calendar month. Data for all other types of projects estimated by distributing the average for all projects on the basis of employment on the various types as of Sept. 24, 1941. * Construction of buildings for recreational purposes included under public buildings. 36 TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects by Type of Program, September and October 1941 1 [Subject to revision] Employment2 P a y rolls T y p e of program October Total. Student work program Out-of-school work program 1 2 ... September October September 566,912 345,074 $8,926, 758 $7, 599,277 273,942 292,970 33.000 312,074 1, 735, 728 7,191,030 147,000 7,452,277 Data are for the calendar month. N u m b e r of employees as of the last pay period of the month. TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, September and October 1941 1 [Subject to revision] Employment2 Group October 1941 September 1941 P a y rolls October 1941 September 1941 All groups 172,706 190,224 $8,465, 633 $9, 273,943 Enrolled personnel 3 Nurses 4 Educational advisers 4 Supervisory and technical 4 147, 232 104 1,122 24, 248 163, 211 108 1,168 25,737 4, 639, 581 13,777 198,036 3, 614, 239 5,178,964 15,367 199,061 3,880, 551 ... 1 Data are for the calendar month. 2 Employment represents for enrolled personnel an average of counts taken at 10-day intervals, and for other groups, the number employed on the last day of the month. 3 October data include 3,228 enrollees with $62,542 pay roll, for work outside continental United States; the corresponding figures for September were 3,118 enrollees and $57,070 pay roll. 4 Also included in executive service, table 10. 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads Financed Wholly from State or Local Funds, October 1940 and September and October 19411 TABLE [Subject to revision] Employment2 T y p e of project October 1941 September 1941 Pay rolls October 1940 October 1941 September 1941 October 1940 Total 188,375 193,976 208,024 $16,370,116 $16,448,054 $15, 514,368 N e w roads Maintenance.. 63, 852 124, 523 65,561 128,415 67,698 140,326 5,148, 285 11, 221, 831 5,219,402 11, 228,652 4, 901,974 10,612,394 1 2 Data are for the calendar month. Average number working during month. o
@FedFRASER