Full text of Employment and Payrolls : October 1940

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Serial No. R. 1223
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
>+########+++*##»»+#+#########+#+###+###+#»* I*

Bill

I *+######+###<

EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief

OCTOBER 1940

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1941




CONTENTS
Page

Summary of employment reports for October 1940:
Total nonagricultural employ merit
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for October 1940:
Nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Use of average hourly earnings in ''escalator" clauses
Public employment

1
2
5
8
10
12
28

Tables
SUMMARY

TABLE
TABLE

1.-—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings, October 1940
2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, October 1940__

5
7

NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 3.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups-.
TABLE 4.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States

9
9

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, October 1940
TABLE 6.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, August through October 1940
TABLE 7.—Anthracite mining—revised employment, pay rolls, hours
and earnings, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive..
TABLE 8.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes
of employment and pay rolls, October 1939 through October 1940
_.
._.
__.
... . . . .
___.
TABLE 9.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in September and
October 1940
.
TABLE 10.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wage-rate
changes during month ending October 15, 1940




(IH)

15
20
24
25
26
27

IV
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT

Page

TABLE 11.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls in October 1940
TABLE 12.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
October 1940, by type of project
TABLE 13.—Housing projects of the United States Housing Authority—•
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, October
1940, by geographic division
TABLE 14.—Projects financed by the Work Projects Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects
operated by the Work Projects Administration, October
1940; employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
Federal agency projects, October 1940, by type of project-.
TABLE 15.—Projects operated by the Work Projects Administration—•
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, September
1940, by type of project
TABLE 16.—National Youth Administration student work program and
out-of-school work program, employment and pay rolls,
October 1940
TABLE 17.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
October 1940_.
TABLE 18.—-Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, October 1940, by type of project
TABLE 19.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
October 1940, by type of project
TABLE 20.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, October 1940




28
29
30

31
32
32
33
33
34
34

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR OCTOBER 1940
Total Nonagricultural Employment
THE increases in nonagricultural employment which have occurred
each month since February, raised the estimated total in October to
nearly 37,000,000, the maximum recorded since 1929. The gain
between September and October of 275,000 workers, exclusive of the
expansion in the armed forces, was one of the largest increases shown
for Octoberin any of the past 12 years. Employment in manufacturing
industries as a whole showed a contraseasonal rise from September to
October of 2.2 percent or 187,000 wage earners in contrast to a seasonally expected decline of 0.1 percent or 8,500 workers. Wholesale and
retail firms reported a seaonsal gain of 57,000 employees, and 56,000
additional workers were employed on construction projects. In the
Federal, State, and local government service, exclusive of the armed
forces, employment increased by 23,000, transportation and public
utility companies added 4,000 workers, and mines reported a gain of
5,000. In the finance, service, and miscellaneous group there was a
decline of approximately 60,000, due in large measure to seasonal
recessions in resort hotel, recreation, and amusement activities.
Compared with October of last year, employment in nonagricultural
industries increased by more than 1,180,000. Manufacturing industries accounted for approximately 500,000 of this gain, construction projects for 180,000, and trade for about 70,000. Employment
in the transportation and utility group was approximately 46,000
greater this year than last, and in the finance, service, and miscellaneous group approximately 35,000 higher. In the group of mining
industries employment decreased by about 19,000 over the year
interval.
These figures do not include emergency employment, which increased 94,000 as a result of the following changes: Increases of
75,000 on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration and
24,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps, and a decrease of 5,000 on
the out-of-school work program of the National Youth Administration.




(1)

Industrial and Business Employment
Employment gains were reported by 73 of the 90 manufacturing
industries for which indexes have been computed each month and
pay-roll increases by 71. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries
regularly surveyed, 6 showed more employees in October than in
September and 10 showed larger pay rolls.
The rise of 2.2 percent in factory employment indicated the addition
of more than 187,000 workers, whereas a decline of 0.1 percent or
8,500 wage earners would ordinarily be expected. Weekly wages in
manufacturing industries rose by 4.0 percent or more than $8,000,000,
this being about 2% times as large as the expected seasonal increase
of 1.6 percent or $3,300,000. The gains, which were more pronounced
in the durable-goods group of manufacturing industries than in the
nondurable, partly reflected the increased activity resulting from the
defense program. The durable-goods group as a whole showed an
employment increase of 4.2 percent while the nondurable-goods group
showed a gain of only 0.5 percent. The only durable-goods industries
reporting employment declines were the tin-can and the marblegranite-slate industries and these were of a seasonal character.
Defense industries in which particular interest has been centered in
recent months showed employment gains as follows: Aircraft, 9,800
wage earners; ship-building, 5,100; machine tools, 2,800; engines,
2,600; and aluminum manufactures, 1,200. Since 1937, the most
recent peak year, these industries have increased their working
forces by 197,000 wage earners or more than 100 percent. Other
industries stimulated directly or indirectly by war orders and showing
large gains over the month were cotton goods, 15,100; foundries and
machine shops, 13,100; electrical machinery, 10,900; woolen and worstedgoods, 9,400; and blast furnaces, steelworks, and rolling mills, 8,500.
There was a larger-than-seasonal employment increase in the automobile industry (11.6 percent or 52,000 workers), reflecting a further
expansion in production activities. Seasonal expansion was shown
inbeetsugar (13,600), cottonseed oil (7,300), and confectionery (3,600).
Substantial employment gains were also reported by factories manufacturing brass, bronze and copper products (5,400), wire work (5,100),
and furniture (3,800). Most of the manufacturing industries which
reported declines usually show employment recessions in October.
Among them were canning (56,300), men's clothing (5,800), millinery
(3,500), beverages (3,300), and shoes (2,800).
Of the 67 new industries for which separate pay-roll tabulations
are now being prepared, 52 showed more men at work and larger
pay rolls in October than in September. The percentage gains in




employment in some of these industries affected by defense activity
were as follows: Professional, scientific, commercial, and industrial,
instruments and apparatus, 6.3; abrasives, 6.5; ammunition, 9.4;
firearms, 5.5; screw-machine products, 4.9; optical goods, 3.3; machinetool accessories, 3.2; and fire extinguishers, chemical, 7.3.
Retail stores reported a seasonal employment increase of 1.7 percent, primarily because of large gains in department stores (3.2 percent),
variety stores (3.3 percent), establishments selling women's readyto-wear clothing (5.9 percent),men's and boy's clothing (4.2 percent),
family clothing (5.6 percent), and jewelry (4.0 percent).
Wholesale firms showed a seasonal rise of 1 percent in employment,
the more pronounced increases being in the following lines: Farm products, 12.2 percent; farm supplies, 4.3 percent; iron and steel scrap,
3.6 percent; jewelry and optical goods, 3.0 percent; metals and minerals, 2.2 percent; and paper and paper products, 2.0 percent. Assemblers and country buyers and agents and brokers increased employment by 9.5 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively, and the introduction of new models was reflected in the automotive group by an
employment gain of 2.8 percent. The principal employment decline
was 3.5 percent in chemicals, drugs, and allied products.
The seasonal employment increase of 2.1 percent in bituminouscoal mining continued the gains of the past 3 months, and more than
offset the declines in other fields of mining.
Employment in private building construction increased 3.9 percent
and weekly pay rolls 6.5 percent from September to October, the
largest October gains shown in any of the past 8 years for which
figures have been compiled by the Bureau. Compared with October
1939, employment was 23.5 percent higher and pay rolls 32.3 percent
larger. General contractors reported an increase of 3.5 percent in
employment and special trades contractors an increase of 4.1 percent
from September to October. Ten of the fifteen special building
trades surveyed showed increased employment as follows: Painting
and decorating, 18.2 percent; excavating, 9.6 percent; building insulation, 7.7 percent; plastering, 6.4 percent; masonry, 4.0 percent;
roofing and sheet metal, 3.7 percent; electrical contracting, 2.5
percent; plumbing and heating, 2.3 percent; glazing, 1.0 percent; and
tile and terrazzo, 0.7 percent. Employment declines were reported in
structural steel erection (4.2 percent), carpentering (3.4 percent),
ornamental metalwork (2.8 percent), wood flooring (2.6 percent),
and elevator installation and repairing (1.5 percent).
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for
class I steam railroads showed an employment gain of 0.6 percent
between September and October, the total number employed in




October being 1,072,590. Corresponding pay-roll figures for October
were not available when this report was prepared. For September
they were $165,479,902, a decrease of $6,162,282 since August. On a
daily basis, the pay rolls were about the same for both months.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners were 39.3 in October, an increase of 1.3 percent
from September. The corresponding average hourly earnings were
67.3 cents, an increase of 0.2 percent from the preceding month.
The average weekly earnings of factory workers were $27.13, an increase of 1.8 percent since September. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries regularly surveyed 9 reported increases in average weekly
earnings. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which manhours are available, 6 showed gains in average hours worked per week
and 5 reported increases in average hourly earnings.
Wage-rate increases were reported by 185 of the 33,330 manufacturing establishments which supplied employment information in
October. These increases averaged 7.0 percent and affected 39,316
of the 6,218,782 wage earners covered. Among them were 11 smelting
and refining firms with 5,777 workers affected, 18 sawmills (3,489
workers), 17 foundries and machine shops (2,502 workers), 3 woolen
mills (1,478 workers), 8 electrical machinery plants (1,770 workers),
3 furniture plants (1,291 workers), 10 paper and pulp mills (1,355
workers), and 4 steel mills (1,029 workers). Two plants manufacturing
steam fittings and two manufacturing aircraft reported wage-rate
increases to nearly 8,000 workers. Out of a total sample of 66,071
nonmanufacturing establishments (excluding building construction
firms) employing 2,001,093 employees in October, 29 establishments
reported wage increases to 13,985 workers. These increases averaged
4.7 percent. Among them were 13 metal mines with 12,205 workers
affected and 6 street railways with 1,215 workers affected. As the
Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and,
furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage changes,
these figures should not be construed as representing the total number
of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing
industries.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings for
October 1940 are given in table 1 for all manufacturing industries
combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, for water transportation, and for class I railroads. Percentage changes over the
month and year intervals are also given.




TABLE 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1940

Industry

All manufacturing
combined 1

Index
October
1940

industries

Class I steam railroads 2
Coal mining: 4
Anthracite 4
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph5 «_..
Electric light and power
Street railways and busses «7Trade:
Wholesale s
Retails
Hotels (year-round)4 9
Laundries 4
Dyeing and cleaning 4
Brokerage
Insurance
Building construction
Water transportation "

Percentage
change from—
September
1940

Average weekly
earnings

Pay roll

Employment

October
1939

{1923-25
=100)

tember
1940

October
1939

Percentage
Aver- ;hange from—
age in
OcSeptober tem- Oc1940
ber tober
1939
1940

+4.0

+12.6

$27.13 +1.8

32.2 - 1 8 . 2
84.3 +1.3
71.5 +2.8

-38.3
-13.6
+12.7

-. 1

+1.3

Index
October
1940

Percentage
change from—

923-25
=100)

110.1

+2.2

+6.2

60.0

+.6

+2.1

-4.0
-3.7
+11.1

+6.0

+1.6

100)
89.5
72.6

-114. 5

100)

+.9

48.4
61.8

-3.8

46.2
58.3

78.9
92.2
68.5

-. 1
-.5
-.1

+3.1
+2.1

102.9
107.4
70.9

91.8
94.4
93.1
100.1
109.6

+1.0
+1.7
+1.7

n

80.5
85.8
83.6
88.0
82.7

+.2
+1.1
+1.5

+.2
+4.2
+4.4

— 1.7
-.3
- 1 . 9 -13.2
_(1O)

()
80.0

-1.4

+1.9

+3.9 +23.5
3
+ 5 ()

-.7

+.8
+2.1

21.26 -17.5 - 3 5 . 7
25.06
n -10.3
30.81 +2*. 8 +1.5
23.95 +.8
+.4
+3.1
34.73 +2.2

+5.9 6 32.03 +1.2
+5.3 6 35. 56 +2.0
-.4

e 33. 89

+3

6 30. 55 - 1 . 7

+3.1 6 20. 90 - . 9
+1.7 6 15. 57 +.4
+4.9 18.13 - . 4
-2.1
+7.0 20.64 - 3 . 1
-3.4
+ 3 - 1 4 . 2 6 36. 79 +2.3
+.3 +2.4 6 36. 03 +.4
+6.5 +32.3 33.84 +2.5
(3)
(3)
(3)

+2.6
+3.2
+1.1
+1.0
+2
+1.5
+.6
+2.5
-1.1
+5

1 Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures. See also table 9 in the September 1940
issue of this pamphlet.
2
Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
3
Not available.
4
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue of this pamphlet.
s Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in the MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April
1940. Revised series available upon request.
6
Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated
earlier than January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose
duties are mainly supervisory.
7 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor
companies.
8
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of this
pamphlet.
9
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
10
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
11
Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission.

Public Employment
Employment on construction projects financed from appropriations
to regular Federal agencies rose to 477,000 in the month ending October
15. As in the preceding month the gain can be attributed largely to
national defense activity. Approximately 82,000 additional workers
were employed on building construction projects and 7,000 were
280445—41-




6
added to the force engaged in building naval vessels. These gains
and a decrease of 1,000 on other types of work resulted in a net gain
of 80,000 on projects financed from regular funds. Pay-roll disbursements on all types of projects totaled $51,727,000, an increase of
$8,931,000 over the preceding month.
Contractors on low-rent projects of the United States Housing
Authority added approximately 2,000 building-trades workers to their
pay rolls during the month ending October 15. Wage-payments of
$5,577,000 to the 53,000 men employed were $349,000 greater than in
September.
Employment on construction projects financed from Public Works
Administration funds dropped tp 38,000 in the month ending October
15, a decrease of 12,000 from September. Pay-roll disbursements of
$4,192,000 were $1,091,000 less than in the preceding month.
Employment on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation remained at about the same level. Wage
payments to the 2,000 workers employed during the month ending
October 15 were $216,000.
Work relief projects of the Work Projects Administration furnished
employment to 1,712,000 persons in October as compared with
1,637,000 in September. Pay-roll disbursements of $99,370,000 were
$8,463,000 greater than in the preceding month. In addition to
these, approximately 72,000 workers were employed on Federal agency
projects financed by the Work Projects Administration. Wage
earners on these projects were paid $3,373,000.
Starting the new school year with 22,000 students in September, the
National Youth Administration increased employment on the student
work program to 341,000 in October. Pay-roll disbursements for
the month amounted to $2,161,000. On the out-of-school work
program, however, employment decreased 5,000. The 236,000
young persons on the program were paid $4,943,000.
With the beginning of an enlistment period, employment in camps
of the Civilian Conservation Corps increased 24,000 in October. Of
the 318,000 on the pay roll, 283,000 were enrollees, 1,500 educational
advisers, 200 nurses, and 33,300 supervisory and technical employees.
Pay-roll disbursements were $14,059,000.
In the regular services of the Federal Government employment
increases were reported in the executive, judicial, and military branches
and a decrease in the legislative branch. Of the 1,086,000 employees
in the executive service, 149,000 were working in the District of
Columbia and 937,000 outside the District. Force-account employees (employees on the pay roll of the United States Government
who are engaged on construction projects, and whose period of em-




ployment terminates as the project is completed) were 11 percent of
the total number of employees in the executive service. A large part
of the increase in the executive service was accounted for by an estimated 21,000 employees of selective service boards. In addition,,
executive service employment increases were reported in the War
and Navy Departments and the Department of Justice. Decreases
were reported in the Departments of Agriculture and Commerce, the
Post Office Department, and the Department of the Interior.
State-financed road projects furnished employment for 11,000 additional workers in October. Of the 208,000 on the pay roll, 68,000
were engaged in the construction of new roads and 140,000 on maintenance. Pay rolls of $15,514,000 were $1,336,000 more than in
September.
A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal
services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal
funds is given in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in Regular Federal Services and
on Projects Financed Wholly or Partially From Federal Funds, October 1940
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class

Pay rolls

October September Percentage
1940

1940

change

October

September

1940

1940

Federal services:
Executive 1 _.. 1, 086,171 1,058,639
+2.6 $166, 485, 603 2$159,587,376
Judicial
2,746
646,424
656, 398
2,841
+3.5
1, 298, 842
1,299,002
Legislative-.
5,938
5,892
-.8
38. 532, 284
Military
733, 220
633, 589
+15.7 47, 902,197
Construction projects:
Financed by regular Federal
42, 796,030
389, 615
appropriations.
+22.5 51, 727. 448
477. 397
5, 228, 033
+3.4
5. 577, 218
U. S. H. A. low-rent housing___
52, 555
50, 829
-24. 4
5, 282, 875
37, 824
4,191, 769
Financed by P. W.A.«_
50,051
1, 832
205, 252
215, 858
Financed by R. F. C.s__.
1,845
Federal agency projects financed
by Work Projects Administra3,102, 015
3, 373,145
tion...
71, 674
69,156
+3.6
Projects operated by W. P. A._
90, 907, 258
+4.6 99, 370, 355
1, 711, 674 1, 636, 824
National Youth Administration:
2.160, 889
341,199
95, 276
Student work program.
21. 776 +1,466.9
4. 943, 231
Out-of-school program
236, 312
4, 827, 087
241', 060
-2.0
14, 058, 799
318, 453
294, 622
13, 523, 515
Civilian Conservation Corps_
+8.1

change
+4.3
+1.5
+24.3

+20.9
+6.7
-20. 7
+5.2
+8.7
+9.3
+2,168.0
+2.4
+4.0

1 Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to
the extent of 159,960 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $22,909,162 for October 1940, and 150,139 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $20,028,413 for September 1940.
2 Revised.
3
Increase less than Ho of 1 percent.
4
Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936,1937 funds, and Public Works Administration ApDropriation Act of
1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed by the Work Projects Administration. Includes 5,429 wage earners and $570,344 pay roll for October 1940; 5,785 wage earners and $567,057
pay roll for September 1940, covering Public Works Administration Projects financed from Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 30,177 wage earners and $3,402,104 pay roll
for October 1940; 41,738 wage earners and $4,468,447 pay roll for September 1940, covering Public Works
Administration projects financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation
Act of 1938.
5
Includes 756 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $94,921 for October 1940; 795 employees and pay-roll
disbursements of $96,927 for September 1940 o i projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Company.




DETAILED TABLES FOR OCTOBER 1940
Estimates of Nonagricultural Employment
THE estimates of "Total nonagricultural employment/' given on the
first line of table 3, represent the number of persons engaged in gainful
work in the United States in nonagricultural industries, including
proprietors and firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers,
and domestic workers. The series described as "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" does not include proprietors, self-employed persons, and domestic or casual workers. Neither set of figures
includes persons employed on W. P. A. or N. Y. A. projects, or enrollees
in C. C. C. camps. The estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural
establishments" are shown separately for each of seven major industry
groups. Tables giving figures for each group, by months, for the
period from January 1929 to date are available on request.
The figures represent the number of persons working at any time
during the week ending nearest the middle of each month. The
totals for the United States have been adjusted to conform to the
figures shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations for the number of
nonagricultural "gainful workers" less the number shown to have
been unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. Separate estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural establishments"
are shown in table 4 for each of the 48 States and the District of
Columbia for September and October 1940 and October 1939. Tables
showing monthly figures for each State from January 1938 to date are
available on request. The State figures do not include the armed
forces of the United States nor employees on merchant vessels.
Certain adjustments have been made in the United States estimates
which cannot be made on a State basis, and for this reason the total
of the State estimates will not agree exactly with the United States
figures even if allowance is made for military, naval, and maritime
employment. These estimates are based in large part on industrial
censuses and on regular reports of employers to the United States
Bureau of Labor Statistics and to other Government agencies, such
as Interstate Commerce Commission. Data derived from employers'
quarterly reports in connection with "old age and survivors' insurance," and employers' monthly reports in connection with unemployment compensation have been used extensively as a check on estimates
derived from other sources, and in some industries they have provided
the most reliable information available.




9
TABLE 3,—Estimates of Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups
[In thousands]
October
1940
(preliminary)

Industrial group

September 1940

Change
September to
October
1940

October
1939

Change
October
1939 to
October
1940

Total nonagricultural employment 1

36,987

36,652

+335

35,800

+1,187

Employees in nonagricultural establishments

30,838

30,500

+338

29,651

+1,187

Manufacturing
Mining
_
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Trade
Finance, service, and miscellaneous
Federal, State, and local government:
Civil employees
Military and naval forces

10, 373
852
1,545
3,079
6,297
4,193

10,184
847
1,489
3,075
6,240
4,252

+189
+5
+56

+511

-59

9,862
871
1,366
3,033
6,228
4,158

3,876
623

3,853
560

+23
+63

3,747
386

+129
+237

+4

+57

-19

+179
+4G
+69
+35

1
2

Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic workers.
Does not include proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domesticworkers.

TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by
States
[Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed
forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels]
[In thousands]
October

1940
(preliminary)

September 1940

New England
Maine
New Hampshire.
Vermont
Massachusetts Rhode Island
Connecticut...

2,594
196
127
78
1,350
238
605

2,575
200
133
79
1, 335
234
594

Middle Atlantic__..
New York New Jersey
Pennsylvania..

7,865
3,907
1,217
2,741

7,831
3,904
1,227
2,700

East North CentralOhio
Indiana-.
Illinois.. - __
Michigan-__
Wisconsin.. -

6,998
1, 815
814
2,278
1,447
644

6,903
1,789
809
2,253
1.405
647

West North Central
MinnesotaIowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota,.
Nebraska Kansas-^

2,398
532
411
785
80
85
207
298

2,389
540
412
774
80
85
203
295

South Atlantic
Delaware. Maryland
District of Columbii
Virginia."West Virginia^-_
North Carolina.. _
South Carolina...
Georgia Florida...

3,575
77
530
360
505
376
606
285
476
360

3,518
77
525
351
499
373
601
284
465
343

Geographic division and State




Change September
to October 1940

Change October 1939
to October 1940

October
Number

Percentage

+19

+0.8

-4
-6
^

-1.9
-4.5
-2.2

+15

+4

+1.1
+1.9
+2.0

+3

+.1

+41

+1.5
+1.4
+1.5
+•6
+1.1
+3.0
-.6

+11
+34
-10

+95
+26

+5

+25
+42
-3

+.4
-.8

+9

+.4

-8
-1

-1.5
-.1

+n
0

+1.4
+•2
-.3
+2.2
+1.1
+1.6
+•7
+1.0
+2.6
+1.3
+.9
+.8
+.3
+2.4
+4.9

0

+4
+3
+57
0

+5
+9
+6
+3

+5
+1

+11
+17

1939

Number

Percentage

+93

+3

7,654
3,873
1,127
2, 654

+44
+211
+34
+90
+87

+3.7
+3.1
+.1
+3.7
+2.8
+1.4
+7.9
+2.8
+.9
+8.0
+3.3

6,668
1, 747
762
2,193
1,343
623

+330
+68
+52
+85
+104
+21

+4.9
+3.9
+6.8
+3.8
+7.8
+3.3

2,359
527
403
767
78
84
206
294

+39

+1.7
+.9
+2.1
+2.3
+2.8

2,501
190
127
75
1,313
235
561

3,428
69
492
328
485
378
603
274
465
334

+6
0
+3

+37

+5
+8

+18

+2
+1
+1
+4
+147

+8

+38
+32
+20
-2

+3

+11
+11
+26

+.6
+.7

+1.7

+4.S
+12.1
+7.7
+9.8
+4.3
-.6

+.4

+3.8
+2.5

+7.7

10
TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagriculiural Establishments, by
States—Continued

Geographic division and State

October
1940
(preliminary)

September 1940

Mountain
Montana..
Idaho
Wyoming .
Colorado
New Mexico..
Arizona.
Utah....
Nevada..
Pacific....
-Washington.
Oregon
California

786
113
87
54
229
68
88
114
33

2,449
429
236
1.784

Arkansas..
Louisiana._
Oklahoma
Texas

1,8
180
374
292

801
115
91
54
234
71
89
114
33

West South Central.

1,371

1,855
183
3S1
294

Kentucky..
Tennessee.. . . .
Alabama
Mississippi....

October

2,475
443
247
1.785

364
452
369
186

+16
+2
+6
+5
+3
+26
+3
+2
+14
+ 15
+2
+4
0

+5
+3
+1
0
0

Change October 1939
to October 1940
Number

Number

1,387
366
458
374
189

East South Central._

Change September
to October 1940

+1,3
+.7
+1.4
+1. 5
+1.6

366
441
355
189

+1,3

+1.8
+1.6
+•4
+1.4
+1.0
+1.3
+3.8
+.3
+2.5
+4.0
+1.6
+.3
-1.0

-1.1
-3.3
-4.4

183
374
295
770
113
8S
54
226
67
87

no
31
2, 376
426
230
1.720

+

o

+17
+19

0

+23
0

+7

+2.8
+.2
+3.9
-\-o.5

0)

+1.2
-.1
+1.7
+1*7
+3.1
+1.3
+3.2
+.3
+3,6
+5.4
+2,6
+3.8
+4,9
+3. a
<?

+17
+25
+2
+3
0

+8
+4
+2
+4
+2

+

+3'
+6

•i-64

+.6
+2.3
+3.7

i Less than 0.1 percent.

Industrial and Business Employment
Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for
157 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufaeturing industries, including private building construction; water transportation; and
class I steam railroads. Tlie reports for the first 2 of these groups:—
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The figures on water transportation are based on estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission,
and those on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. They are presented in the foregoing summary.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are based on the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100 and are adjusted to 1937 census data.
They relate to wage earners only and are computed from reports
supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 90 of
the 157 manufacturing industries surveyed. These reports cover
more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing
industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage
earners in the 90 industries covered.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
and dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, bat the figures for
public utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are
mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum production they cover
wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting




11
samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from
approximately 25 percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing and
cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for quarrying
and nonmetallic mining, anthracite mining, and public utilities.
The indexes for retail trade have been adjusted to conform in general
with the 1935 Census of Retail Distribution and are weighted by
lines of trade. For the public utilities they have been adjusted to
the 1937 Census of Electrical Industries, for wholesale trade to the
1933 census, and for coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and
dyeing and cleaning to the 1935 censuses.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and the amount of pay
rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
The average weekly earnings shown in tables 5 and 6 are computed
by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As
not all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours
worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based
on data furnished by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size
and composition of the reporting sample vary slightly from month
to month. Therefore, the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly
comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed
to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the
general movement of earnings and hours over the period shown.
The changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages,
are based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes
from October 1939 are computed from chain indexes based on the
month-to-month percentage changes.
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE HOURS, AND
AVERAGE EARNINGS

The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in October 1940 are shown in table 5. Percentage changes from September
1940 and October 1939 are also given.
The employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for August, September, and October 1940, where available, are
presented in table 6. The August and September figures, where given,
may differ in some instances from those previously published because
of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late reports.
Table 7 gives revised data for anthracite mining for the months
February to September 1940, inclusive.




12
In table 8, indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from October 1939 to October
1940, inclusive. The accompanying chart indicates the trend of
factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to October 1940.
Use of Average Hourly Earnings in '* Escalator" Clauses

x

Average hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in
table 6, have been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1932. These averages are published for the use of those who
wish either to compare the average earnings of wage earners in different industries or to study the changes in average earnings over a
period of time.
Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated.
The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group may
change from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By
reason of changes in the wages paid or (2) by reason of changes in the
composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different
periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident
that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners
employed in a high-w^age industry increases proportionally more than
employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings
for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place
even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any
wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual
hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage
earners in the group. The averages contained in table 6 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods, and for the various
subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products/'
reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure
the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work
in each respective period.
To an increasing extent use is being made of these average hourly
earnings figures in so-called " escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that
might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise
no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have
been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments
to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly
earnings in the durable-goods industries.
1 Reprint from the August EMPLOYMENT and PAY ROLLS pamphlet.




14
It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's
average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable
to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with a certain degree of caution. The purpose for which they were compiled
limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of
change in labor rates. In these months the averages show a seasonal
movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly
earnings figure in the durable-goods industries dropped from 73.2 cents
in June to 72.7 cents in July. This drop was due not to a general
decline in wages in this period but almost entirely to the fact that employment in the automobile industry declined sharply as the result of
model changes. This industry is a high-wage industry in which the
average hourly earnings are about 95 cents an hour. Between June
and July, employment in the automobile industry dropped from 104.9
to 82.3. This relative decline, of a purely seasonable character, in the
number of highly paid automobile workers was very largely responsible for the decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in
durable-goods industries.
By way of illustration of the problem involved, it would be possible
to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in
the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at
work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries the
same weights in July and August that they had in June and considering
only the influence of changes in average earnings in each industry, we
find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the published figures
from July to August. This means that from June to August, the
currently published figures show a slight decline over this 3-month
interval whereas the series computed with constant weights shows a
small gain.
It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type of
average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the contracts already drawn; least of all can the method of compiling an
average be changed. It is obvious however that in incorporating any
statistical series in legal documents careful consideration should be
given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and
to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau
are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's
series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied,
these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in
the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the
one hand a careful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the
contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to
discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in
mind.




TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1940
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. New series—adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures for all industries except automobiles, and not comparable with indexes
published in the July 1939 and earlier issues of the pamphlet. Comparable series available upon request]
Employment

Industry

All manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
_.
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metal work
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework
See footnotes at end of table.




Average weekly
earnings l

Pay rolls

Average hours worked
per week *

Average hourly
earnings l

Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Index change from— Octo- change from— Octo- change from— Octo- change from—
OctoOctober
ber
ber
ber
ber
1940 Septem- October 1940 Septem- October 1940 Septem- October 1940 Septem- October 1940 Septem- October
ber 1940 1939
ber 1940 1939
ber 1940 1939
ber 1940 1939
ber 1940 1939
Cents
67.3

110.1

+2.2

+6.2

114. 5

+4.0

+12.6

$27.13

+1.8

+6.0

39.3

+1.3

+0.5

109.9
110.0

+4.2
+.5

+14.2

+7.1

+22.4
+1.9

31.42
22.28

+2.8

+7.2
+2.5

41.0
37.6

+2.2
+.2

+2.6

-.5

122.2
105.9

117.1
125.3
121.3
83.9

+3.1
+1.7
+2.9
+2.5
+4.0
+4.9
+4.1
+2.8
+7.3
+5.4
+4.7
+2.6

+9.6
+8.9
+6.9
+9.5

123.7
131.3
149.5
84.8

+10.3

30.97
33.04
29.68
24.10

39.9
38.8
42.4
39.8

+1.8
+.9
+3.8
+3.9

106.3
102.2
118.8
85.1
217.3

-3.8
+9.0

40.4
42.8
40.6
39.2
40.8

+1.5
+4.7
+2.3
+2.4

+5.9
+1.0

+.8

-6.5
+1.5

62.2
80.8
68.4
70.1
66.2

-3.7

+15.1
+8.7
+12.2
-4.2

102.5
105.9
79.6
112.7

+6.9
+3.9
+3.9
+5.7

43.2
41.9
41.0
39.7

+5.1
+3.5
+4.1

+3.6
+1.0
+2.4

+.3

+.7

72.7
68.4
73.3
63.7

+6.1
+16.9

+16.4
+16.1

113.3
231.4

+1.5
+.7
+4.5
+4.3
+1.5
+6.1
+.5
+2.5
+.9
+6.7
+3.9
+3.7
+.2
+2.7
+3.3

+.6

+7.1
+23.4
+5.6
+10.7
+15.3

+4.7
+2.4
+7.5
+7.0
+5.6
+11.2
+4.6
+5.4
+8.3
+12.5
+8.8
+6.4

+5.7
+8.8

42.2
41.7

+2.4
+4.1

+2.2
+1.6

63.7
72.4

111.3
80.4
105.3
91.0
188.7
99.4
105.9
85.6
101.3
106.0
192.6

+.3

-3.5

+8.9
+20.7

+6.2
+8.8
+18.8
+12.9
+36.8
+8.4
+6.5
+25.8
+23.0
+12.8
+16.5
+1.3
+22.9
+26.3

24.87
34.30
27.74
27.26
27.21
31.34
28.78
30.02
25.17
26.81
30.09

-.2

-2.4
+.8

+8.4
+5.4
+10.9
+2.6

-1.9

-.9

-3.1
-.8

+4.4
-1.2

73.9
60.9

77.8
85.5
70.0
60.2

+0.2

+4.6

+.4

+4.1
+3.8

-.4

-.2
-.2

+.6
+.6
(- 2 )
+1.5
-1.4

+.1
+.3
+1.7
+.2
-.3
-.1

+.2
-.8

+1.9
+.7
+1.6
+4.1
+6.1
+5.1
+1.5
+2.7
+7.6
+3.5
+2.8
+1.4
+4.8
+3.3
+6.7

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1940—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued

Industry

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Index change from—
OctoOctober
ber
1940 Septem- October 1940 Septem- October
ber 1940 1939
ber 1940 1939

Average hours worked
per week

Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Octo- change from— Octo- change from— Octo- change from—
ber
ber
ber
1940 Septem- October 1940 Septem- October 1940
Septem- October
ber 1940 1939
1939
ber 1940
ber 1940 1939

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Kadios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation equipment
Aircraft3
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroadLocomotives
Shipbuilding
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices
Jewelry
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead and zinc.




127.3
134.9
132.0
116.1
190.4
106.7
257.8
163.6
79.7
126.8

+3.4
+1.0

+19.4
+14.5
+.2
+4.5
+4.4
+19.3
+4.5 +81.0
+3.2 +17.0
+3.9 +51.1
+2.5
-7.3
+2.1
+( 2 )
+3.5

139.4
4,115.9
124.7
56.2
39.3
197.4

+9.9
+9.3
+11.6
+4.8
+10.6
+4.9

126.1
203.0
154.9
104.6
110.1
106.8
76.7
94.6

+5.3
+4.0
+5.7
+4.1
+7.9
+7.1
+5.3
+2.4

145.3
158.8
142.1
138.2
263.4
111.7
351.7
164.3
78.8
163.2

+2.2
163.3
+31.4
+141.6 4,639.4
149.0
+15.7
50 3
+38.3
40.1
+54.3
+47.8
244.3
+14.2
+20.8
+18.2
+16.2
+3.9
+8.5
+4.9
+12.9

136.3
249.7
190.0
119.1
97.8
96.5
78.2
93.4

$31.71
31.41

+1.9
+.6

+9.6

33.68

+30.7
+103.8
+24.7
+69.4
-3.1
+4.1
+29.6

+1.1
+.7

+7.8

31.73
36.33
31.18
37.95
24.74
27. 24
31.52

+1.1
+2.7
+1.8
-.8
+1.0
+14.9

+15.4 +47.4
+10.1 +172.5
+19.3 +31.4
+1.8 +34.2
+9.4 +62.7
+7.4 +70.2

37.39
32.78
39. 24
28.12
31.24
36.93

+5.0
+.6
+6.9

+6.5
+4.3
+7.0
+9.7
+7.8
+7.0
+11.6
+1.7

30.00
29.91
33. 37
25.35
24.37
28.22
29.34
27.82

+1.2
+.4
+1.2
+5.4

+5.4
+1.7
+1.3
+5.2
+5.6
+6.0
+5.8
+1.7
+3.1
+19.0

+30.9
+20.9
+12.7

+20.0
+30.9
+23. 3
+20.8
+5.7
+17.1
+10.4
+14.9

Average hourly
earnings

-2.9
-1.0

+2.3

-.1
-.1

+6.0
-.7

+5.8

42.4
39.2
40.5
41.7

+9.5
+12.7
+6.6
+12.1
+4.5
+4.0
+26.8

44.4
42.1
49.1
40.1
41.0
45.8

+ 12.2
+8.2
+13.6
-3.1
+5.4
+15.2

41.6
44.5
41.3
37.7
40.2
41.7

+5.1
+8.4
+4.2
+4.0
+L6
+8.0
+5.2
+1.8

42.0
41.4
43.4
42.0
42,0
40.7
44.3
38.3

+1.6
+.5
+.9
+1.3
-.8
+2.3
+1.3
-.3
+1.5
+8.8
+4.5
-.8

+7.0

-.4
—.1

+1.9

+1.1
+.7
+1.3
+4.3
+.6
+4! 4
-1.8

+4.5
+2.5

Cents
74.9
80.2

+6.1

83.6

+4.8

75.9

+8.0
+3.5
+9.3
-3.9
+1.7
+17.2

82.2
74.0
77.0
61.8
66.5

+2.0
+.4
+.5

+10.0

+6.1
+9.6
+.1
+4.3
+9.3

89.8
75.0
94.9
74.3
77.8
87.7

+.2
+1.3

+1.8
+.6
+1.3
+1.9
+2.4
+4.9
+2.3

71.2
72.2
77.4
60.3
58.0
69.2
67.3
72.7

+.2

-.4

+0.3
+.1

+.2
-.6

-.4
-.6

+5.6

-2! 6
-.9

+.3
o

-!i

+1.0
-.4
-.1

+1.9
+1.2

+4.0
+2.8
+2.2
+4.5
+3.9
+2.7
+2.5
+9.2
+2.3
+8.2
+2.1
+.7
+3.7
-3.2
+1.1
+4.8
+3.4
+7.8
+2.8
+1.7
+.8
+2.8
+3.7
+2.2

lumber and allied products

74.4
96.8

21.49
22.49

82.8
55.1
75.5
129.8
37.3
92.8

+3.4
-15.9
+3.5

93.2
89.5
72.8
90.3
83.0
111.3
68.0
158.1
65.6
72.1
136.3
52.4
87.6

+.6
-.3
+5.5 +1.7
+11.3 - 2 . 7
+5.8 +7.3
+7.3 - 6 . 8
+4.5 - 3 . 7
-11.9 +10.6
+7.7 - 9 . 0
+2.0 - 5 . 9
+6.0 - 2 . 7
-1.4
+3.1
+2.6 - 1 3 . 7
+6.7 +14.3

18.10
17.95
25.31
15.41
19.41
21.32
23.11
19.68
18.22
16.03
19.34
16.63
21.40

-4.6
-4.4
-3.8
-4.2
-11.1
-7.2
-3.9

94.9
77.5
131.0
124.2
133.8
55.3
114.6

+1.1
+11.2
-41.0
+5.9

+2.2

-1.5

-6.4
-6.2
-7.7

73.4
69.1
81.6

+6.1

-4.1

+2.7

-.5

-1.4

134.3
139.2
314.1
81.6
170.5
103.2
77.9
64.0

87. .5
65.0
75.7
113.2
47.9
97.9

+2.8
+2.3
+9.0
+1.7
+3.2
+.3
+5.6
+5.9
-6.6
+6.8

+1.9
+3.6
+5.1
+3.6
+5.2
+2.8
-7.3
+3.0
+2.8
+3.0
+2.4
+1.5
+6.0

-3.2
-2.5
-4.2

119.0
104.6
171.4
112.6
127.7
76.1
121.9

—1.4
-3.0

+•?
+•4
+4.2
-12.6
+.4

90.0
88.4
81.6

69.3
66.6

Stone, clay, and glass products

Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products...
Pottery

73.7
91.3

+3.5 +7.3
+4.5 +7.6
+6.2 +12.3
+2.1 +5.8
+4.2 +3.1
+2.0 - 2 . 7
-1.6
+5.9
+7.6 +7.1
-.8
-4.8
+7.3 +6.7

+1.4
+2.3
+3.9
+.4
+2.0
+.5
+•7
+3.5
-1.7
+4.6

104.5
96.1
79.6
95.1
83.2
128.3
80.1
142.8
75.3
76.0
157.3
64.6
94.1

Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills

58.4
65.1

23.30
20.23
25.75
21.87
28.55
27.90
27.03
24.06

+2.2
+2.1
+2.2
+1.9
+2.0
+1.5
-2.3
+3.9
+.9
+2.5

+4.4
+5.1
+2.9
+4.0

40.7
41.3

-.1

38.1
38.5
39.9
37.4
37.8
37.9

+2.0
+1.8
+2.1
+2.1
+1.9
+1.1
o
+4^2
+2.5
+1.0

-3.4

67.1
56.6
71.6
74.7
71.7
63.9

-1.2

+3.0
+4.4
+1.6
+6.4
+3.0
-.2
+18.3
-2.1
+2.1
+2.8
-.2
+2.9
+10.5
+.8

35.9
37.3
37.5
37.2
39.2
39.1
31.3
35.8
37.4
36.7
39.6
36.6
38.2

+.7 - 2 . 5
+2.4 - 1 . 4
-.3
+5.2
+2.3 - 1 . 6
+2.8 - 1 . 2
+2.1 - 1 . 7
- 4 . 9 +14.3
+5.6 - 4 . 1
-1.1
-4.0
+2.2 - 4 . 5
-2.2
-2.9
+1.7 - 3 . 8
+1.8 +2.7

50.9
48.7
67.5
41.4
49.6
54.1
73.3
55.4
47.9
43.8
48.2
45.3
56.6

-1.2
-.4

33.4
31.6
33.8
38.0
36.8
30.7
35.6

-2.8
-3.7
-3.5

55.2
60.2
56.0
48.3
42.6
64.4
41.8

-2.0

+.8
+6.9
-23.0
+5.4

-4.7
-6.3
-3.1
-2.3
-3.6
-12.5
-4.2

34.8
34.0
38.3

+3.3

-2.6
-2.5
-3.2

55.7
53.3
65.7

-1.3

61.0
63.5
89.4
48.5
44.0
49.3
61.2
65.8

-3.1

+.3
+1.3
+2.0
-.3

42; 6
40.0

o
+".6

52.4
54.7

-1.2

54.7
50.6

-.7

-2.2
-3.8
-.8

-1.5
-.8

+.1
+.3
+.2
-.2
-.2

+.4

-1.4
-.2

-1.6

+.2

+4.5
+4.5
+4.3
+4.7
+2.5
+.9
+1.0
+2.8
+2.5
+4.4

Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products

Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing andfinishingtextiles_.
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars

Leather and its manufactures

Boots and shoes
Leather

Food and kindred products-..

Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
See footnotes at end of table.




,

141.4
145.9
271.3
95.7
201.5
102.0
80.6
73.8

-.9

-4.2
-4.2
-25.1

+6.0
-.2

-9.1

+.8

-9.5
-3.5
-6.6
-7.2
-7.9
-5.2

+.1
+.7
+10.7
+5.3
-2.1
+1.2

-7.4
-6.6
-7.4

-3.9
-6.6
—1.6
-1.8
-6.4
-10.0
-1.0

18. 53
19.05
20.47
18.33
15.96
21.65
14.92

-1.6
-4.0

-4.1
-2.8
-7.5

19.28
17.93
25.04

-3.1
— 1.1
-5.3
-7.6
-26.4

+3.3
+1.9
+1.7
+.1
+9.3
+7.5
-5.7
+2.8

23.82
26.31
33.93
22.60
16.11
19.87
25.98
30.03

+5.0
-4.2
-8.5

+1.9
+5.9
+2.1
+2.0
+1.6
-5.0
+4.6
-.8
+2.9
-3.7

+1.1

+.7

-6.1
-3.7
-7.6

+.6
+6.7
-32.4
+5.5
-.7

-2.5

+3.9
+1.1
-.6

-1.2
-3.6
-1.7
-.9

-4.0

+.6

-2.1

+2.2
+2.5
+5.4
-3.0
+3.0
+2.6
+3.5
+.2
+.6
+3.5
+1.5
>j
-l'.O

+2.0
-3.7
+1.5

40.0
41.5
38.4
45.6
37.6
40.1
42.4
44.4

-.3

-1.3
-.9

-(2)
-1.4
-3.5
-3.1
-.6

-3.0
-2.2

+1.2
-1.1
-1.6
-3.0
-1.6
-1.9
-3.9

+.6
-.1

-1.0
-.3
-.8
-.5

2
-2.3
-.7

-1.1
-.4

-2.6
-.3

+1.0
-9.4
+.1
-.3
-.7

+.6

+1.3
-.5

+.4

—.6

+1.1
-1.0
-1.1

+2.3

+5.0
+5.4
+2.0
+8.2
+4.3
+1.8
+7.2
+1.9
+5.6
+7.5
+1.7
+6.2
+7.3
+4.2
+3.9
+2.8
+5.0
+11.6
+5.5
+7.3
+5.4
+6.0
+3.1
+1.1
+2.5
+2.6
+1.6
-1.9
+3.0
-.5
+3.6

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1940—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued

Industry

Index
October
1940

Nondurable

Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
_
Sugar refining, cane

109.6
+1.5
266.6 +161.9
95.0
+3.8

Tobacco manufactures
.
.
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. _ _.
Cigars and cigarettes

Boxes, paper_
_
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job _
Newspapers and periodicals

.

102.6
117.8

_

._

Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other

+1.1
+.8
+1.2
+1.3
+3.2
-1.3

+2.9
+1.6

+2.2
125.3
121.2
—1.2
126.3
+3.0
145. 6 4-1.5
131.1 +61.9
118.3
144.9
- +.6
2.0
96.7
+1.1
125.1
-.8
-.2
311.1
88.8
+1.1

Chemical, petroleum, and coal products

Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
_
Cottonseed—oil cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers _
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap

66.5
56.6
67.7
117.7
124.1
115.1

Paper and printing




Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Octo- change from—
October
ber
Septem- October 1940 Septem- October 1940 Septem- October
ber 1940 1939
ber 1940 1939
ber 1940 1939
Percentage
change from—

Avera^re hours worked
per week
Percentage
Octo- change from—
ber
1940 Septem- October
ber 1940 1939

Average hourly
earnings

October
1940

Percentage
change from—
Septem- October
ber 1940 1939

goods—Continued

Food and kindred products—Continued.

Rubber products..

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

-

92.8
58.7
74.0
160.7

+3.8
+4.6
+1.9
+5.4

+6.8

+7.5

-6.9
-5.8

115.8
212.8
82.9

+2.8
+83.2
+5.9

-13.1
-4.2

-.3
-9.3

66.5
67.6
66.2

-3.3

115.2
141.9
123.8

+.9
+.7
+.8
+1.6

+6.1
+1.2

+.7
+1.0
+1.4
+3.5
+.5
+2.5
— 1.3

+3.4
4-9.0
-5.5

+1.4
+39.1
-1.8

+ '3

—1.7

+.4

-5.6

+.5
+2.0

91.0
111.5
139.3
136.3
140.3
176.2
128.2
133.0
180.9
82.4
135.8
322.6
107.2
99.4
62.9
86.7
161.1

+4.9

$27. 64
20.58
24.71

-4.6

18.25
19.28
18.05

-.3

-5.8
— 1.4

29.20
22.78
26.45

+3.7
+.4
+.8

+7.8
+1.0
+4.5

+1.8
+3.1
+64.2

+6.9
+11.6
+6.7

+5.6

-2.2

+•4

+3.1
-3.5

+.1

-1.5

+.2
+3.9
+5.7
+2.5
+5.4

-2.7

+•1

+44.4
+3.2
+.8
+6.5
—1.6

-2.5
-1.0
-4.3

30.89
38.25
29.96
34.93
28.13
32.39
15.36
25. 51
34.44
15. 71
29.60
26.53
28.42
29.31
24.64
34.37
24.30

+1.3
-30.1

+2.0
-.2
+.2

+.3
+2.3
+1.1
+.8
-j i
-1.3
— 1.0
-1.2

+1.5
+1.5
-.3

+0.7
-6.7

+1.8
+5.2
+5.5
+5.4
+.2
-2.7
-2.8

+4.2
+.5
+2.0
-1.3

+3.4
+2.4
+12. 9
-1.4

+5.2
-5.4

+3.9
+4.3

4-9

+.8

-1.3
-.9

+.1

+1.1
+.5

+6.2
+.7

-2.9

+5.0
-4.7
-2.0

40.3
35.2
38.2

+1.8
-16.8

+0.2
-15.9
-.1

-.3

+.9

+2.1
+1.1
+2.2
-2.8

+2.9
+1.4

38.8
35.8
39.3
36.4
40.2
40.6
45.8
40.0
40.1
35.5
41.1
38.7
39.9

37.6
35.7
37.8
38.7
40.9
40.5

38.0
39.5
35.7
40.0

+3.7
-.3

Cents
68.4
57.8
64.6

-0.6
-19.0
—1.7

+0.4
+10.6
+1.9

48.4
54.3
47.8

-.2
-.1
-.3

+3.4
+4.6
+3.5

-5.0
-7.0

79.2
55.9
65.4

-.2

+.5

+2.0

80.7
103.7

+.1

+.7

-.9
-1.8

75.7
97.2
68.7
80.4
32.0
61.4
85.9
44.2
72.0
68.5
71.1

-2.0
-1.1
-1.9

+.3
+.8
+1.9
+6.1
-.2

+2.8
-1.4

+1.0

-.9

-.8

-1.1
-4.3
-4.3

+.7
-.1

+.6

—1.6
— 1.4

-1.5

+.8
+.7
+1.4

+2.9
-5.1

-3.4
-3.5

77.4
62.4
96.1
62.0

-.2
—.2

-.3

-5.8
-.2

+2.4
-4.1
-.1

+.2
+.4
-.9

+.3

-1.0

+•1

+3.4
+2.5
+4.5
+2.0
+1.8
+3.2
+.5
+5.1
+3.5
+15.8
+3.3
+3.1
+4.7
+1.0
+5.5
+2.2
+.8

+2.0
+.3
+1.7

OO

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Coalmining: 4
Anthracite s
Bituminous 4
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 677
Electric light and power • 6 7 8
Street railways and busses
_
Trade:
Wholesale«»
.
.
Retail» 7
Food 7.
General merchandising 6 7_.
Apparel 7___
Furniture 7
Automotive 7
Lumber 7
Hotels (year-round) 4 8 U
Laundries 4
Dyeing and cleaning 4
Brokerage 6
Insurance 6
Building construction

49.8
89.5
72.6
48.4
61.8

-0.8

-1.9

-3.8

32.2
84.3
71.5
46.2
58.3

78.9
92.2
68.5

-.1
-.5
-.1

+3.1
+2.1
-1.4

102.9
107.4
70.9

91.8
94.4
104.4
103.6
91.2
77.2
85.0
79.5
93.1
100.1
109.6

+1.0
+1.7
+.9
+4.2
+4.0
+1.7
-.1
+1.5
+1.7

(10)
(10)
(10)

-4.0

+2.1 - 3 . 7
+.1 +11.1
-.9
+.9

IT

+2l9

+ 1.1
+4.8

+.6
-2.4
+5.5
+4.2
+.2
-1.7
+4.2
— 3 +4.4
-L9
-13.2
~( 2 )
+1.9
+3.9 +23.5

80.5
85.8
95.9
92.6
81.8
69.3
79.4
76.4
83.6
88.0
82.7

(10)
(10)
(10)

-18.2

-.8

-.4

-.7

+.3
+3.1
+2.6
+4.6

+.8
0

+2.3
+2.3
+2'. 2
+1.1
+2.1

-1.1
-3.3

+7.9
+5.2
+1.7
-2.1
+4.9
-3.4
+7.0
+•3 -14.2
+.3 +2.4
+6.5 +32.3

1
Revised series. Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request.
Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller
number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because
of 2changes in the size and composition of the reporting sample.
Less than Mo of 1 percent.
3
Revised series—Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey made by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published
indexes from January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period
given in table 9 of the September issue of this pamphlet.
4
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in 5January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.
See table 7 for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per
week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive.




-38.3

+1.3 -13.6
+2.8 +12.7
-.1
+1.3
-.8
+.2
+1.1 +5.9
+1.5 +5.3

$21. 26
25.06
30.81
23.95
34. 73
32.03
35.56
33.89
30.55
20.90
23.47
17.58
20.74
28.34
27.92
26.84
15.57
18.13
20.64
36.79
36.03
33.84

-17.5

-35.7
-10.3

+2^8
+.8
+2.2
+1.2
+2.0

+1.5
+.4

n

-1.7

+3.1
+2.6
+3.2
+1.1
+1.0

-.9

+.2

-.8

Q

-L8

+1.5
-.1

-1.6

-1.6

+2^3

+2.3
+.9
+1.5
+.6
+2.5
-1.1
+.5
+7.0

Q

-.5

+.4
-.4

-3.1

+2.3
+.4
+2.5

-.9

22.5
28.6
41.9
42.1
38.3
39.9
40.8
45.9
41.2
42.7
43.4
38.5
37.7
44.5
47.2
43.1
46.0
42.7
43.0

(10)
(10)

35.4

-20.6
-.5

+1.9
+•6
+3.9
+.3
+4.3
-1.1
-.7.

-1.2

Q

-LI

-1.5

+.4
+•3
-.5
-.4

-36.8
-11.4
-1.5
-1.8

+1.7
+.2
+4.0
-.1

-2.4
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)

0°)
(10)

-2.9

+.5
—.5
+1.4
10

+1.7

(10)
(10)

91.8
87.6
73.8
56.9
88.3
80.8
87.3
73.0
74.0
53.3
52.1
45.6
54.6
67.5
58.4
63.3
33.6
42.7
49.1

-1.2
-.8

+.9
+.3

-1.4

+.9
-2.2

+.5

-1.1
-.1
-.2
-.2

-. 1
-1.3

+2.5
-.2

2
0

( )
(10)

(10)
(10)

(10)
(10)

+4.4

95.7

+.9

-1.3

+.6
+3.1
+2.4
+.8
+1.1
-.6

+2.0
+3.0
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)

+1.6
+1.1
+.3
(10)
(10)

+2.7

6
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers,
executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
7
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census.
Not comparable with indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940, with but 1 exception, retail furniture,
which has been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936.
Comparable series for earlier months available upon request.
s Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance."
e Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent
issues of this pamphlet.
10 Not available.
" Cash payments only; value of board, room, and tips not included.

TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures for all industries except automobiles. Not comparable to indexes published in
pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request]
Employment index
Industry

Octo- Sep- August
ber tember 1940

Pay-roll index
October
1940

September August
1940
1940

Avera^;e weekly earnings i

Average hours worked
per week i

Average hourly earnings i

October
1940

September August
1940
1940

October
1940

October
1940

September August
1940
1940

September August
1940
1940

1940

All manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

1940

110.1

107.7

103.8

114.5

110.1

104.0

$27.13

$26.54

$26.10

39.3

38.8

38.4

Cents
67.3

Cents
67.1

Cents
66.8

109.9
110.2

105.5
109.7

99.8
107.6

122.2
105.9

114.1
105.6

105.5
102.4

31.42
22.28

30.57
22.20

29.98
22.10

41.0
.37.6

40.2
37.5

39.7
37.2

73.9
60.9

73.7
61.1

73.1
61.3

117.1
125.3
121.3
83.9

113.6
123.2
117.9
81.9

110.7
122.1
114.9
80.2

123.7
131.3
149.5
184.8

118.2
128.2
139.1
79.3

113.5
124.8
138.7
, 76.3

30.97
33.04
29.68
24.10

30.60
32.93
28.38
23.02

30.24
32.25
29.02
22.72

39.9
38.8
42.4
39.8

39.2
38.5
40.9
38.3

38.8
38.1
41.5
37.9

77.8
85.5
70.0
60.2

77.9
85.7
69.4
59.7

77.7
84.8
70.0
59.4

111.3
80.4
105.3
91.0
188.7

107.0
76.7
101.2
88.5
175.8

101.5
72.8
95.8
86.7
164.4

106.3
102.2
118.8
85.1
217.3

100.7
91.9
113.5
80.8
200.6

93.2
86.4
106.5
79.9
182.6

24.87
34.30
27.74
27.26
27.21

24.49
32.51
27.53
26.57
26.96

23.91
32.22
27.29
26.97
26.21

40.4
42.8
40.6
39.2
40.8

39.8
40.9
39.8
38.3
40.6

38.8
40.6
39.1
38.7
39.9

62.2
80.8
68.4
70.1
66.2

62.4
79.6
69.1
70.0
66.0

62.6
79.3
69.7
69.7
65.7

99.4
105.9
85.6
101.3

94 3
101.2
83.4
105.2

89 7
97.7
79.9
108.1

102.5
105.9
79.6
112.7

91.1
97.4
74.8
116.8

84.6
89.2
72.9
121.9

31.34
28.78
30.02
25.17

29.34
27. 54
28.99
25.01

28.80
26.09
29.51
25.61

43.2
41.9
41.0
39.7

41.2
40.4
39.5
39.6

40.3
38.6
40.1
40.4

72.7
68.4
73.3
63.7

71.5
68.2
73.5
64.0

71.6
67.7
73.6
63.9

106.0
192.6

99.9
164.7

95.6
146.1

113.3
231.4

104.0
191.6

95.6
163.4

26.81
30.09

26.33
29.12

25.22
28.00

42,2
41.7

41.4
40.0

39.8
40.0

63.7
72.4

63.8
73.0

63.4
70.8

127.3
134.9

123.1
133.5

119.2
131.2

145.3
158.8

137.9
156.2

131.0
152.0

31.71
31.41

31.22
31.17

30.67
30.87

42.4
39.2

41.8
39.1

41.2
38.6

74.9
80.2

74.6
79.9

74.5
80.1

132.0
116.1

131.8
111.2

128.7
106.6

142.1
138.2

140.3
131.4

135.9
123.7

33.68
31.73

33.38
31.50

33.11
30.92

40.5
41.7

40.2
41.3

40.2
40.7

83.6
75.9

83.1
76.4

82.7
76.3

190.4
106.7
257.8
163.6
79.7
126.8

182.2
103.4
248.0
159.5
78.1
122.5

174.8
100.5
237.5
157.1
76.4
118.0

263.4
111.7
351.7
164.3
78.8
163.2

249.4
105.4
332.3
161.5
76.4
137.2

238.5
101.3
302.9
149.8
73.5
125.4

36.33
31.18
37.95
24.74
27.24
31.52

35.93
30.31
37.27
24.89
26.84
27.43

35.81
30.12
35.48
23.49
26.30
26.04

44.4
42.1
49.1
40.1
41.0
45.8

44.7
41.2
48.4
40.2
40.4
42.1

44.1
41.0
46.7
38.5
39.6
39.7

82.2
74.0
77.0
61.8
66.5
68.9

80.5
73.4
76.6
62.1
66.6
65.2

81.3
73.3
76.0
61.1
66.6
65.6

Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
_.
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
__
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies _
_
_ . _ - _ _
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and

steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware __ _ _
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
_ _ _.
_
._
Wirework

Machinery, not including transportation equipment.

Agricultural implements (including tractors) _
_
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
. _ __.
_
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
_._
.
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
.
_
Textile machinery and parts
.
Typewriters and parts




to
o

25
TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing 1 and Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, October 1939 to October 1940, Inclusive
Employment
Industry

1939

1940

Av. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.
Manufact uring
All industries

96.9 103. 7 103.9 104.2 101.5 101.5 100.9

8.3 100.2 97.6 6.7
Durable goods 3
87.9
Nondurable goods 4 ... 105. 5 110.8 109. 2 108. 0 105. 3 106.1
Nonmanufacturing

Anthracite mining 5
Bituminous-coal mining s _.
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
•
_
Telephone and telegraph 8
«.
Electric light and power .
S t r e e t railways and
busses 6 7
Wholesale trade
Retail trade «
Year-round hotels 6
Laundries 5
.__.
Dyeing and cleaning 5

9.6

. 7 103.8 107.7 110.1

6.2 96.7 97.3 95.9

105.5 109.9
103. 0 101.4 101. 7 103. 3 107. 6 109. 7 110. 2

50. 51.9 51.3 51.0 51.5 51.6 52.2 51.2 51.8 49.7 50.5 49.9 49.8 49.8
78.6 93.0 94.9 92.6 91.8 91.7 89.7 86.2 85.1 83.8 84.9 86.6 87.7 89.5
62.7 65.3 66.5 67.3 66.4 66.3 66.2 67.7 69.2 70.3 71.0 71.5 72.5 72.6
44.6 48.0

47.9 48.1 48.5 48.9 48.4

47.1 44.0 37.8 38.3 41.0 44.5 46.!

65.8 64.3 63.8 63.8 63.2 63.0 63.2 63.1 63.! 63.8 63.7 63.6 63.0
75.8 76.5 76.1 75.8 76.1 75.9 76.0 76.7 77.: 77. 78.8 79.0
89.0 90.4 90.3 90.1 89.1 89.2 89.3 90.0 90. ( 91.2 92.2 93.0
68.4
68.7 68.2 68.3
68.5
69.0 69.5 69.3 69.0
90.1 90.9
89.6
89.2 92.4 92.1 92.2 90.6 90.2 90.5 89.3
i . l 88.7 92.8
89.8 91.7 93. 3 104 2 87.7 87.0 91.1 89.8 91.2 91.9
,
92.0 92. 91.8 90. 91.3 92.1 92.0 92.7 93.4 92.0 90.3 90.3 91.6
95.9
95.6 95.6 96.0 95.8 96.2 97.2 99.1 102.1 102. 5 102.8 101.9
101.3 105.1 97.8 97.4 94.0 93.7
'. 5 104. 5 108. 7 112. 6 108. 2 106. 7 1.0

61.8
78.9
92.2
68.5
91.8
94.4
93.1
100.1
109.6

Pay Rolls
Manufacturing
All industries-.-

.__

Durable goods 3
Nondurable goods4
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining 5
Bituminous-coal mining 5_
Metalliferous mining
•Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Telephone and telegraph 6
8.
Electric light and power S t r e e t 6 7a i l w a y s a n d
r
busses
Wholesale trade
Retail trade 6
Year-round hotels 5
Laundries 5
Dyeing and cleaning 5

|

90.8 101.7 101.7 103.
85.3 99.8 101.1 104.J
97.0 103.9 102.4 102.1

|

!

96.5 96.4 98. li 96.8 104.0 110.1

97.9

97.1 97.5 97.8 100.4 96. 5 105. 5 114.1 122.2
105. 6 105. 9
'8.4 99.1 99.0 95.4 94.9 95.6

36.3 40.0 40.6 36.5 33.1 39.3 32.2
39.5 52.2 42.0 26.6 52.5 32.9
84.3
69.9 97.6 96.3 84.3 87.0 87.0 78.3 72.2 75.3 78.9 75.2 82.5
71.5
64.2 63.2 63.5 65.7 65.4 63.7 68.5
56.0 63.4 63.9 65.0

38.7 45.6 42.9 39.2 29.6 30.8 34.1 38.1

43.9

43.5

46.2

.0 58.2 58.3
61.0
59.6
58.4 59.0 58.4 59.0
58.8 59.1
100.0 101.3 100.4 101.8 102.9
1 98.7
95.6 97.2 96.4 97.4 97.4 5.9
100.4 102. 0 102. 5 102.4 101.6 102. 2 102. 3 103.3 104.2 104.8 105.8 108.1 105.8 107.4
69.5
76.6
80.8
81.2
83.1
73.6

71.2
80.3
83.2
82.2
83.9
77.3

69.4
79.0
83.6
81.8
82.9
70.8

69.0

79.1
91.8
81.1
83.7
69.9

77.1
79.9
81.1
83.4
65.5

71.5
77.1
79.1
82.7
83.1
64,4

69.5
77.8
82.0
81.8
84.1
72.7

69.2
77.4
82.3
83.2
85.6
79.6

69.2 70.5
77.4| 78.4
83.41 84.8
83.0 82.0
88.5 92.4
85.4 89.6

70.0
78.3
82.6
80.5
90.0
80.0

70.4
78.7
81.5
80.7
90.5
78.9

71.5
81.1
85.1
81.8
89.9
85.6

70.9
80.5
85.8
83.6
88.0
82.7

1
3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures. See table 9 in September 1940
pamphlet for further revisions.
2
12-month average for 1929 = 100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining, and
crude-petroleum production aie in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS,
•or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. For other nonmanufacturing
indexes see notes 5 and 6.
3
Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied
products, and stone, clay, and glass products.
4
Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
5
Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are presented in January 1938 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet.
6
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY
LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed form.
7
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor
•companies.




INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS

EMPLOYMENT IN

METROPOLITAN

PRINCIPAL

AREAS

A comparison of employment and pay rolls in September and
October 1940 is made in table 9 for 13 metropolitan areas, each of
which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within
these areas but having a population of 100,000 or over are not included.
Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning them have been prepared in a supplementary tabulation
which is available on request. The figures represent reports from
cooperating establishments and cover both full- and part-time
workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries
presented in table 5, with the exception of building construction, and
include also miscellaneous industries.
Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly
because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the
supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary
tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more according to the 1930 Census of Population.
T A B L E 9.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical
September and October 1940, by Principal Metropolitan

Metropolitan area

New York *
Chicago2
Philadelphia 3_
Detroit
Los Angeles *._

Establishments
Areas

in

Number of Number on Percentage Amount of Percentages
change
change
establishp a y roll (1
pay roll
ments
from Sep- week) Octo- from SepOctober
October
tember
tember
b e r 1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
13,658
4,451
2,533
1,693
3,091

Cleveland-.
St. Louis.__
Baltimore. _
Boston 5
Pittsburgh.

1,642
1,419
1,104
2,915
1,344

San Francisco 6
Buffalo
Milwaukee

1,706
802
1,001

204,151

+2.0
+2.6
+3.2
+7.9
+1.0

$21, 589. 496
14,511, 519
7,452,151
14,456, 281
6,196, 236;

+1. 4
+2.2!
+3.0?
+12. 2.'
+1.2'

146, 682
142, 881
123, 587
200,191
219,020

+2.2
+2.5
+3.3
+1.9
+2.4

4, 485, 738!
3, 677, 040;
3, 294,4S4'
5, 259, 971
6,879,913:

+4.7'
+4.1
+2.8:
+.6
+4.7"

99,075
95,017
113,129

+.4
+2.4
+2.8

3,098, 61$
2,820,073
3, 374, 940

+1. 5+3.9'
+5.1

747, 355
504, 260
263,045

1 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., or Yonkers, N. Y.
Does not include Gary, Ind.
Does not include Camden, N. J.
Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, or Somerville, Mass,
e Does not include Oakland, Calif.
2
3
4
5

WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN

INDUSTRIES

The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending October 15, 1940, as shown
by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing
establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau.




27

As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an
industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report
wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries.
TABLE 10.—Wage-rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing
Establishments During Month Ending Oct. 15, 1940 1
Establishments

Group and industry

All manufacturing--.
Iron and steel group
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
Forgings
1
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Machinery group
Electrical machinery
Foundries and machine shops
Transpoitation group
Nonferrous metals group
Brass, bronze, and—coppe, products. Smelting and refining copper, lead,
and zinc
Lumber and allied products group..
Furniture.- .,_.
.__
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass group.-.
Glass
Fabrics grcup
Woolen and worsted goods group_.
Food group
Canning and preservingPaper and printing group-Paper and pulp
Book and job printing..
Chemical group. . .
.
Chemicals. .
Rubber group

Employees

Number reporting—

Total
number re- Wage
port- rate
ing
in-

33,3

185

rate
de-

Total
number
covered

Wage W a g e
rate
rate
inde-

6,218, 782 39, 316

Average percentage
change in
wage rates of
employees
having—
In.
Decreases creases
7.0

884, 753

5,412

328
92

473, 744
13,397

1,029
125

3.9
15.7

302
3,833
576
2,258
730
1,130
366

28,337
869,860
223,446
288, 383
688,492
223, 850
86, 362

82
5,018
1,770
2,502
6,234
8,299
661

10.0
6.1
4.6
6.9
11.2
6.1
8.1

53
2,617
706
760
1,602
154
3,621
483
5,333
1,061
3,977
434
1,597
2,235
240
250

30,496
327,934
99,090
135, 752
198,437
64, 429
943,291
149,634
520, 645
118, 207
362, 581
127,211
79,771
317, 584
65, 968
116,528

5,777
5,056
1,291
3,489
1,249
576
2,886
1,478
155
10]
1,779
1,355
79
1,379
507
1,103

5.5
6.1
9.0
5.1
6.6
6.8
7.6
7.3
9.8
9.9
5.4
5.5
5.4
6.7
5.8
3.3

All nonmanufacturing (except building
construction).
66, 071

,001,093

9.1

6.4

14,428

Metalliferous mining
Street railways and busses-.
Wholesale trade..

297
292
11,272

52, 218 12, 538
90, 739 1,215
247, 582
316

1
As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry, and furthermore, as some
firms may have failed to report wage changes, the figures should not be construed as representing the total
number of wage changes occurring. Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. They are, however, included, where practicable, in "all
manufacturing," in "all nonmanufacturing," and in the various industry groups.




28

Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment financed from both regular and emergency appropriations.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of
the Federal Government in September and October 1940 are given
in table 11.
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United States

Government, October 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Pay rolls

Employment
Class

October September Percentage
19402
1940
change

Entire service:
Total

October

September

1940

1940 2

Percentage
change

1,086,171

1,058,639

+2.6

$166,485,603

$159,587,376

+4.3

911,062
50,206
124, 903

893,481
50,437
114, 721

+2.0
+8.9

-.5

142,098,677
6, 712,880
17,674,046

138,080, 390
6, 718,996
14, 787, 990

+19.5

149, 479

145, 557

+2.7

26,000,944

25,201, 723

+3.2

133,401
7,476
8,602

128, 795
7,586
9,176

+3.6
-1.5
—6. 3

23,063, 268
1,157, 666
1,780,010

22, 519, 920
1,186,114
1,495,689

+2.4
-2.4
+19.0

Outside the District of Columbia:
Total

936, 692

913,082

+2.6

140,484,659

134,385,653

+4.5

Regular appropriation _ _
E mergency appropriation
Force-account

777, 661
42, 730
116,301

764,686
42, 851
105, 545

+1.7
-.3
+10.2

119,035,409
5, 555, 214
15,894,036

115, 560,470
5, 532,882
13,292, 301

+3.0
+.4
+19.6

Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account

_

Inside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account

.
_
_

+2.9
-.1

i Data relate to the last pay period of the month.
8
Revised.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION

Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during October on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 12, by type of project.




29
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, October 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

All programs..

Maximum - Weekly
average
37, 824

31, 664

Monthly
pay rolls

Manhours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per
hour

$4,191, 769 4,210, 592

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
$5,357, 591

Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act
funds

All projects

3 878

Building construction
Public roads 4
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

517
(5)
80
62
5
2

$70, 359
423
212
68
50
5
2

130, 928

$0.538

$149,033

37,169
20, 388
8,477
3,352
785
193

81, 221
30, 789
12, 552
5,370
808
188

.458
.662
.675
.624
.972
1.027

73, 567
41,000
28,146
3,922
2, 385
13

Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds
All projects

4,467

3,959

$491, 602

552, 995

$0. 889

$529,126

Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
Building construction..
Electrification
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
1
Professional, technical, and clerical-__

482
2,026
45
1,234
399
159
26
72
24

453
1,748
88
1,130
369
122
24
54
21

212, 557
3,778
160, 542
39,456
14,806
2,968
4,788
2,899

74, 236
198, 245
3,695
193, 950
50, 427
21, 756
2,373
5,258
3,055

671
1 072
.
1 022
.
828
782

39, 850
265, 331
1, 293
130,071
46, 271
37, 613
4, 238
3,686
773

251
1.
911
949

Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery
Act funds

All projects «
Building construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage. _
Miscellaneous

1,340
322
1
229

1,170

$148, 962

144, 667

$1. 030

287
1
213

111,514
20, 382
144
16, 922

85, 690
33, 734
144
25,099

1.301
.604
1.000
.674

192,153
32, 729
0
165,051

Non-Federal projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds 2

All projects.

5,429

4, 540

$570, 344

738, 208

i0. 773

$462, 613

Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
Water and sewerage..

635
954
3,310
266
264

537
797
2,771
244
191

78, 844
68, 311
366, 271
32, 826
24,092

60, 435
94, 641
515, 742
37,811
29, 579

1 305
.722
.710
.868
.814

99, 603
91, 573
238, 035
18,436
14, 966

See footnotes a t end of table.




30
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, October 1940—Continued
[Subject to revision]
Empoyment
Type of project
Maximum

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay rolls

Manhours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per
hour

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds

AH projects

25, 710

21, 235

$2, 910, 502

2, 643, 794

$1. 101

$3, 826,886

6,313
656
7,560
259
3,060
7,862

Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage..

5,089
548
6,411
213
2,420
6,554

725, 878
74, 602
921, 041
32,458
201, 056
955, 467

565, 058
62,171
841,168
37,463
253, 854
884,080

1. 285
1. 200
1. 095
866
792
1. 081

1,065,844
283,923
1,152, 338
10, 557
206. 430
1,107. 794

1
2

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public roads.
4
Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
5 Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.
6 Includes data for workers engaged in construction of underground tunnel who, because of the additional
risk involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid for building construction..
UNITED STATES HOUSING

AUTHORITY

Table 13 shows data concerning employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in October 1940 on low-rent projects of the United
States Housing Authority.
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-rent Housing Projects Operated by the
United States Housing Authority, October 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Geographic division

Monthly
pay rolls

Man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
month

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Maximum

Weekly

52,555

44,459

$5, 577, 218

5,884,760

$0. 948

$7,326, 510

6,355
8,999
5,547
307
12, 096

5,512
7,610
4,727
262
10,117

832, 716
1, 247, 556
765, 385
36,097
1,007,851

753,678
969,163
639,493
37, 307
1,338,009

1. 105
1. 287
1.197
..968
.753

847,726
1,474, 704
805, 991
42, 213
1,322, 435

8,800
6,581
827
1,644
1,399

7,331
5,471
658
1,459
1,312

781, 436
552, 857
94, 217
208,314
50, 789

985, 750
693, 321
76, 484
195, 276
196, 279

,793
.797
1.232
1.067
.259

1, 425, 609
806, 971
236,132
306, 527
58, 202

All divisions
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic

_

_ _

East South Central _ _
_
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific
.
. _ ._
Outside continental United States..




average

31
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM

A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in October on projects financed by the Work Projects Administration is
shown in table 14, by type of project.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects
Administration, October 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

Maximum i

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay roll

Man-hours Average
worked
earnings
durin
ring
per hour
mo nth

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Projects operated by Work Projects Administration 2
All projects.

1,711,674 $99,370,355 219,817,015

$0. 452

Projects operated by other Federal agencies
All projects
Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
_.
Building construction
Forestry__
Grade-crossing elimination 4
Hydroelectric power plants s
Plant, crop, and livestock conservation
Professional, 4technical, and clericalPublic roads
__.
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control..-.
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

71, 674

>9,128

!3, 373,145

7,559,701

$0. 446

$761, 554

6,315
33, 295
6,932
118
1,100

31, 582
6,857
103
1,096

82, 712
1,703,327
298,325
9,271
49,745

379, 776
3, 506,858
729,194
13,018
192, 634

.218
.486
.409
.712
.258

55, 535
457,304
35, 542
15, 327
48,199

9,343
4,859
145
7,322
396
981
391
477

9, 315
4,665
109
7,108
343
814
379

460,110
318,077
7,204
340, 077
31, 261
42,415
13,070
17, 551

1, 006,828
539,777
14,165
927,432
47, 401
117, 382
46,171
39, 065

.457
.589
.509

37, 743
17,877
3,976
32,914
21, 771
19,713
640
15,013

.361
.283
.449

1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor-and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2
Data are for the calendar month. Will be published by type of project in November pamphlet.
3 Data on a monthly basis are not available.
* Projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
5
Projects under construction in Puerto Rico.

Data on employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in October
on each type of project operated by the Work Projects Administration were not available when this report was prepared. The figures
for September are presented in table 15.




32
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Work ProjectsAdministration by Type of Project, September 1940
[Subject to revision]
Type of project
All projects,.

Employment i

P a y rolls

1,636, «24 $90, 907, 258

Man-hours
worked

Average
earnings
per hour

199, 588, 876

). 455-

1, 953,141
4, 346, 703
34,907,370 83,285,600
18, 577, 467 36, 442, 490
9, 078,074 18, 364, 891
9, 022, 211 19, 246, 202

.449
.419.510
.494

Conservation
Highways, roads, and streets
Professional and service, excluding sewing__
Public buildings
Publicly owned or operated utilities

36,010
687,466
294, 628
150, 588
155, 498

Recreational facilities
Sanitation
Sewing
A irports and airways
Not elsewhere classified—Total _

85,115
21, 279
11?, 941
31,100
62,199

4, 933, 834
1,095, 803
5, 530, 903
1, 700, 906
4,107, 549

10,048. 218
2,657, 314
13, 789, 064
3, 588, 609
7, 819, 785

.491
.412
.401
.474
.525

21, 279
40,920

1,145,050
2,962,499

2, 536, 779
5,283, 006

.451
.561

National defense vocational training..
Other

i D a t a for "All projects" represent the average of the weekly employment counts made as of each Wednesday during the calendar m o n t h . T h e distribution b y t y p e of project is estimated on the basis of e m p l o y m e n t
on Sept. 25, 1940.

NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION

Employment and pay rolls on the National Youth Administrationprojects for September and October 1940 are shown in table 16.
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projectsr
October 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment

Peiy rolls

Type of project
October

September

October

September

Total

577, 511

262,836

$7,104,120

$4,922,363

Student work program
Out-of-school work program

341,199
236,312

21, 776
241,060

2,160,889
4,943, 231

95, 2764,827,087

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
September and October 1940 are presented in table 17.




33
TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, October 1940
[Subject to revision!

All groups
Enrolled personnel 2
Nurses 3
Educational advisers 3
Supervisory and technical
1
Employment figure is monthly average for enrolled personnel, and number employed on last day of
month for other groups.
2
October data include 3,837 enrollees and pay roll of $77,308 outside continental United States; in September the corresponding figures were 3,838 enrollees and pay roll of $74,013.
3
Included in executive service, table 11.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL
APPROPRIATIONS

Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in October are presented in table 18, by type of project.
TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, October 1940 1
[Subject to revision]

Type of project

All projects
Building construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage. _
Heavy engineering,_._

Employment 2

Monthly
pay rolls

1,832

$215, 858

106
150
88

171,450
9,605
25, 632
9,171

Man-hours
worked
during
month

204, £
154,951
12,542
28, 650
8,691

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed during month

$1,054

$407,333

1.106

314,817
27, 828
60, 239
4,449

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
Includes 756 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $94,921; 72,661 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed of $205,220 on projects financed by RFC Mortgage Company.
2
3

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE RECONSTRUCTION
FINANCE CORPORATION

Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during October are given in table 19, by type of project.




1

34
TABLE 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, October 1940 *
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

All-projects

Weekly
Maximum 2 average
.

|

Airport construction
Building construction
.
Electrification:
Rural Electrification Administration projects 4
Other than R. E. A. projects
Forestry
Heavy engineering
Public roads «
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc.
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
Other than naval vessels -.
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
. _.

3

Monthly
p a y rolls

Value of
Man-hours Average material
worked earnings
orders
during
per
placed durmonth
hour
ing month

477,397

432,688 $51,727,448 64,813,974

21,100
138,612

19, 953
108,160

1, 700, 546 2,119,642
10,862, 254 12, 936,922

.802
.840

4,933
501
19
122
(6)
27, 539

3,957
407
19
114
92,100
26,420

254,144
461,697
33,335
44,373
1,537
2,812
19,174
13, 335
9,165,025 14,165,349
3, 973, 607 4, 432,145

.550
.751
.547
1.438
.647
.897

16, 262,428
3, 284, 494

35,253
9,126

31,013
8,458

3, 608, 631
1, 252,453

5, 423, 626
1, 471, 915

.665
.851

4, 534, 274
1,131, 49&

100,958
27,360
4,193
835
14, 746

25,193
3,702
712
14,391

16,486, 601 18,039,356
3, 290, 066 3,988,180
359, 228
502,007
68,101
98, 672
652, 746 1,113, 943

.914
.825
.716
.690
.586

$0.798 $102,670,734

1, 501,760
137,033
547

a

38,680, 533
5,477, 079>
415, 243
239,757
1,491,937

1

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government,
agency doing force-account work.
3 Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
4
Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
s Under the jurisdiction of the Publi3 Roads Administration.
e Not available, weekly average included in the total for all projects.

STATE-ROADS PROJECTS

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements on the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or
local funds in October 1940, compared with September 1940, and
October 1939, is presented in table 20.
TABLE 20.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads
October 1940 l
[Subject to revision]
Pay rolls

Employment 2

Item

September

October
1940

September 1940

Total

208,024

196,957

158,108 $15, 514,368 $14,178,338

New roads
Maintenance

67, 698
140,326

66,036
130,921

29, 252
128, 856

October
1939

October
1940

4, 901,974
10, 612, 394

1940

4, 342, 663
9,835,675

October
1939
$11,338,800
1,898,360
9,440,440

1
Projects financed wholly from State or local funds. October and September 1940 data are for the calendar
month; October 1939 for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Average number working during month.




O