Full text of Employment and Payrolls : October 1938
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Serial No. It. 851
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief
OCTOBER 1938
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1939
CONTENTS
Summary of employment reports for October 1938:
Total nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for October 1938:
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
ra^e
1
2
5
7
23
Tables
SUMMARY
TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
October 1938
TA RLK 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, October 1938. _
4
7
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT
TABLE 3.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, October 1938
TABLK 4.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, aDd earnings, August through October 1938
TABLK 5.—Selected manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—
indexes of employment and pay rolls, October 1937 to
October 1938
TABLE 6.—Geographic divisions and States—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in September and
October 1938
TABLE 7.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in September and
October 1938
_
10
14
20
21
23
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
TABLE 8.—PJxecutive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls in September and October 1938_
TABLE 9.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
October 1938, by type of project
TABLE 10.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked, October 1938, by type of
project
TABLE 11.—Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, third quarter of 1938, by type of project
TABLE 12.—National Youth Administration work projects and Student
Aid financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of the
programs
(III)
24
24
28
29
29
IV
Page
TABLE 13.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
September and October 1938
TABLE 14.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, October 1938, by type of project
TABLE 15.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
October 1938, by type of project
TABLE 16.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, October 1938, September 1938,
and October 1937
30
30
31
32
Employment and Pay Rolls
SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR OCTOBER 1938
Total Nonagricultural
Employment
THERE was a further substantial gain in nonagricultural employment
in October. The addition of 255,000 workers to pay rolls since
September marked the third successive monthly gain and brought the
total increase since July to approximately 950,000. These figures do
not include employees on projects of the Works Progress Administration and other Federal emergency agencies or temporary canne^
workers who are not considered part of the normal labor supply, but
are drawn into industry during the packing season.
Factory employment continued the upswing which began in July.
The gain of 0.8 percent between September and October was larger
than seasonal and represented the addition of 52,000 workers to the
pay rolls of manufacturing industries including canning. The canning industry alone showed a reduction of approximately 104,000 in
the number of workers, but this decrease was concentrated among the
temporary workers mentioned above. The weekly wage disbursements of manufacturing firms showed an increase of 3.6 percent, or
approximately $5,400,000. Usual seasonal gains for manufacturing
in October are 0.3 percent in employment and 1.6 percent in pay rolls.
Gains in employment, largely seasonal, were reported by wholesale
and retail trade establishments, anthracite and bituminous-coal
mines, metal mines, private building construction, electric railroads,
and hotels. The remaining eight nonmanufacturing industries surveyed showed employment declines. Class I railroads added more
than 12,000 to the number of employees on their rolls according to a
preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
In October employment increased on all work programs financed
from Federal funds with the exception of work projects of the National
Youth Administration and construction projects financed from regular
Federal appropriations. In the regular services of the Federal Government increases occurred in the judicial service and decreases in the
executive, legislative, and military services.
(1)
Industrial and Business
Employment
Gains in employment were reported for 62 of the 87 manufacturing
and 8 of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries regularly surveyed each
month by the Bureau. The increase for all manufacturing industries
combined was 0.8 percent as compared with an expected seasonal
change of 0.3 percent. Corresponding factory pay rolls rose 3.6 percent instead of the 1.6 percent normally shown for October. The
durable goods group of manufacturing industries showed an employment expansion of 5.0 percent, while the nondurable goods group
showed a decline of 2.4 percent.
The outstanding factory employment gain in October was in the
automobile industry in which approximately 88,000 workers were returned to jobs. This gain reflected the increased production of new
models. The hardware industry, due largely to demand for automobile hardware, reported a gain of nearly 7,000 workers. Other durable
goods industries reporting substantial gains were electrical machinery,
apparatus, and supplies (7,400 workers); steel mills (6,100); radios
and phonographs (4,300); glass (3,800); stamped and enameled ware
(2,500); brass, bronze, and copper products (2,500); agricultural implements (1,500); and shipbuilding (1,200 workers). Nondurable
goods industries in which seasonal gains were shown included beet
sugar (13,200 workers); men's furnishings (2,200); cotton goods
(2,200); cottonseed oil, cake, and meal (1,200); confectionery (3,200);
leather (1,400); automobile tires (1,200); knit goods (5,200); chemicals
(1,500); and slaughtering and meat packing (2,400).
The more pronounced losses in manufacturing employment over the
month interval were in industries in which seasonal recessions normally
occur in October. The largest decrease (104,000 workers) occurred in
canning and preserving. Other nondurable industries reporting declines of a seasonal character wrere ice cream, beverages, boots and
shoes, silk and rayon goods, millinery, and men's clothing. Among the
durable goods industries showing losses were tin cans and other tinware, electric and steam railroad car building; and marble, slate, and
granite products.
Retail trade establishments hired approximately 45,000 additional
workers in October to handle the increased volume of fall business.
While the gain is less than the average October increase during the
preceding 9 years, the gain from August to October 1938 is greater than
the average August-October gain in preceding years. The retail
general merchandise group, which is composed of department, variety,
and general merchandise stores, and mail-order houses, showed a gain
of 2.5 percent. Other lines of retail trade showing substantial gains
in the number of workers included apparel, furniture, jewelry, and
building materials. Retail food stores showed a decrease of only one
tenth of 1 percent. Wholesale trade establishments reported a seasonal
gain of approximately 11,000 workers over the month interval.
Among the lines of wholesale trade in which large gains were shown
were farm products, automobiles, lumber and building materials,
furniture, and dry goods and apparel. Anthracite mines continued to
reemploy workers, employment increasing 12.8 percent, or 8,500
workers, since September. Bituminous coal mines also added workers, the rise of 4.5 percent indicating the reemploy men t of 17,400 men.
A further expansion in employment of 4.9 percent, or 3,000 workers,
wTas reported in metal mines. Electric railroad and bus companies
added approximately 1,600 workers to their pay rolls and year-round
hotels took on 3,200 additional employees. Employment in private
building construction showed a more pronounced gain than the average for the preceding 6-year period. Reports from 14,634 private
building contractors employing 132,360 workers showed an increase of
3.2 percent.
The employment loss in the laundry industry was 4,800. Crudepetroleum producing companies employed 3.1 percent fewer workers
and small decreases were shown in the brokerage, insurance, dyeing
and cleaning, and electric light and power industries. The decreases
in employment in the remaining industries covered, quarrying and
telephone and telegraph, were 0.5 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively.
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission
indicated a gain of 1.4 percent, or 12,131, in the number of employees
on class I railroads. October pay rolls for railroads were not available
when this report went to press. For September they were
$148,511,507 as against $148,793,156 for August, a decline of $281,649,
or 0.2 percent.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by factory wage earners were 37.4 in October, a gain of 1.4 percent since
September. The corresponding average hourly earnings were 63.7
cents or 1.0 percent higher than in September. Average weekly
earnings stood at $23.92, a gain of 2.7 percent since September.
Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data
are available, 9 showed gains in average hours worked per week and a
like number showed increases in average hourly earnings. Average
weekly earnings were higher for 12 of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed.
Prior to January 1938 the wording of the definition on the schedules
for public utilities, wholesale and retail trade, hotels, and brokerage
and insurance firms called for the inclusion of higher-salaried employees
such as corporation officers, executives, and others whose duties are
mainly supervisory. These employees have, for the most part,
always been excluded from employment reports for other industries,
and beginning with January it was requested that they be omitted
also for the industries named above. For this reason the average
hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings for these industries are not comparable with the figures
appearing in issues of this pamphlet dated earlier than January 1938.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings in
October 1938 for all manufacturing industries combined, for selected
nonmanufacturing industries, and for class 1 railroads, with percentage
changes over the month and year intervals except in the few industries
for which data are not available, are presented in table 1.
TABLE 1.—Employment,
Pay Rolls, and Earnings
in All Manufacturing
Industries
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1938
Industry
Percentage
change from—
Index
October
1938
(1923All manufacturing
industries 25=100)
combined l
_
89.5
Class I steam railroads s
54.6
(1929=
Coal mining: J
100)
Anthracite
__.
52.4
Bituminous *
87.2
Metalliferous mining
57.9
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining
44.4
Crude-petroleum producing,...
69.3
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph...
74.7
Electric light and power
and manufactured gas. _.
92.5
E l e c t r i c - r a i l r o a d and
motorbus operation and
maintenance
69.9
Trade:
Wholesale
89.2
Retail.
86.1
General merchandising
100.7
Other than general
merchandising
82.3
Hotels (year-round) «8_._
92.9
Laundries «
94.4
Dyeing and cleaning a
106.8
Brokerage
_
0)
Insurance
_
(4)
Building construction
September
1938
October
1937
ftl
-16.5
-12.6
Average weekly earnings
Pay roll
Employment
Percentage
change from—
Index
October
September
1938
(192325=100)
83.9 +3.6
0)
(*)
October
1937
-19.7 • $23. 92
0)
-20. 6
-8.6
22.37
33.30
-6.1
95.3
+3.0
+.4
-6.2
99.8
+1.5
-5.2
-4.8
68.9
+.6
-3.5
-5.1
-6.5
75.1
71.1
+1.1
+2.0
89.7
67.2
80.8
79.5
78.0
+3.2
0)
+2.2
-3.9
-.2
-2.2
-1.0
-.9
-.4
+2.7
(0
39.2
63.9
-16.8
-10.5
-6.4
-4.2
-5.5
-3.4
-11.4
+2.5
-26.7
October
1937
26.99 +30.8
23.84 +4.2
26.52 +1.8
-.5
-3.1
+.9
+1.2
September
1938
-21.7
-22.2
-39.8
-14.9
-14.8
-30.1
+2.5
Percentage
change from—
(1929=
100)
43.4 +47.5
78.3 +8.8
49.2 +6.8
+12.8
+4.5
+4.9
+.8
+.8
+1.4
Average in
October
1938
()
()
0)
+2.7
-3.9
-8.1
-8.7
-13.8
-4.5
+2.2
• 31. 57 +3.2
+7.0
+1.5
+1.1
6 32. 22
-.2
-5.3
-6.3
6 29. 69
6 21.04
+1.3
-.2
+.1
+3.4
-6.7
« 17. 62
+1.7
+2.5
-2.3
-4.5
+1.2
+.1
+5.0
-6.3
-3.9
-4.7
-6.7
-16.0
-1.9
-27.0
+.4
+.6
+.9
+.8
+1.3
6 33.79
8 24. 04
• 15. 04
17.24
19.91 - 3 . 6
8 35. 76 +2.1
8 35. 50 +.5
30.19 +1.7
+.2
+.1
+.3
+.8
-3.4
-5.2
-4.4
1
Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Indexes for earlier months and years
given in the August issue of this phamphlet.
23 Does not include railroad repair shops.
Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
* Not available.
»Indexes adjusted to 1935 Census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue of this pamphlet.
«Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet
dated earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees
whose duties are mainly supervisory.
7
Less than Mo of 1 percent.
• Cash payments only: the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
Public Employment
The number at work on P. W. A. projects during the month ending
October 15 was 148,000, an increase of 29,000 from September and
6,000 less than the October 1937 employment figure. The gain in
employment was due to the marked increase in workers on projects
financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act of 1938. Of the total number at work in October,
18,000 were working on Federal and non-Federal projects financed
from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, 68,000 on non-Federal
projects financed from funds provided by the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937, and 62,000 on Federal
and non-Federal projects financed with funds provided by the Public
Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. Pay-roll disbursements of $12,090,000 were $2,110,000 above the September
pay roll.
During the month ending October 15, over 700 men were working
on new construction and demolition projects of the U. S. Housing
Authority; pay rolls amounted to $103,000. These figures pertain
only to new projects under the U. S. Housing Authority and not to
those formerly under the Public Works Administration.
There was a decrease of 4,000 in the number working on construction projects financed by regular Federal appropriations during
the month ending October 15 due primarily to a transfer of workers
paid from regular Federal appropriations on reclamation projects
to P. W. A. pay rolls. Compared with the level of a year ago, 41,000
more men were at work in October 1938. Decreases in employment
since September were reported on projects with the exception of the
following types: Building construction, forestry, heavy engineering,
and ship construction. Pay-roll disbursements of $24,650,000 were
$2,854,000 less than in September and $3,738,000 greater than in
October 1937.
A decrease in the number of men at work on water and sewerage
projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the
completion of miscellaneous projects failed to offset a relatively sharp
rise in employment on building construction. During the month
ending October 15 slightly over 3,000 were working. Pay rolls for
the period were $388,000 or $7,000 less than during September.
Most of the building construction projects were located in the South
where hourly rates are lower than in other parts of the country.
Moreover, a large number of the lower paid workers, such as common
laborers, were at work during the period covered.
115650—39
2
All increase of 125,000 was reported for projects operated by the
Works Progress Administration, where the number working in October was 3,245,000 and pay rolls amounted to $170,347,000. In
October 1938 employment exceeded that for October 1937 by 1,718,000; pay rolls were $88,861,000 higher. Employment on Federal
projects under The Works Program, for which reports show activity
in the month ending October 15, showed a gain of 3,000 from September. Compared with a year ago, however, the number working
was 78,000 less. The number employed on work projects of the
National Youth Administration was 220,000. Data on employment
and pay rolls for Student Aid in October will not be available until
next month.
In the regular services of the Federal Government increases in the
number working were reported for the judicial service; decreases
occurred in the executive, legislative, and military services. Of the
870,000 employees in the executive service in October 118,000 were
working in the District of Columbia and 752,000 outside the District.
Force-account employees (employees who are on the Federal pay roll
and are engaged on construction projects) were 10 percent of the total
number of employees in the executive service. Increases in employment occurred in the Navy Department, the Department of Commerce, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the administrative staff
of the Public Works Administration. The Department of Agriculture and the Post Office Department were among the agencies reporting decreases in the number working.
A new enlistment period started for the Civilian Conservation Corps,
resulting in an increase of more than 7,000. Of the 325,000 in camps
in October 287,000 were enrollees, 5,000 reserve officers, 300 nurses,
1,600 educational advisers, and 31,000 supervisory and technical employees. Monthly pay-roll disbursements for all groups of workers
totaled $14,603,000.
On State-financed road projects the number of men working increased 16,000 during the month ending October 15. Of the 221,000
at work 35,000 were engaged on new road construction and 186,000
on maintenance. Pay rolls for both types of work were $14,496,000
an increase of $545,000 over September pay-roll disbursements.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll data for September
and October is given in tabV 2.
TABLE 2.--Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, October 1938 1
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
October
Federal services:
Executive 8
Judicial
Legislative
Military
Construction projects:
Financed by P. W. A.*
U. S. H. A. low-cost h o u s i n g Financed by II. F. C.5
Financed by regular Federal
appropriations-__
Federal projects under The Works
Program
Projects operated by W. P. A
National Youth Administration:
Work projects
_
Student Aid
Civilian Conservation Corps
Percentage
September change
869,885
2,265
5,244
337,408
3 870,859
2,170
5, 390
339,127
147,973
727
3,305
118,886
436
2,829
259,402
120,754
3,245,271
220,066
324,747
Pay rolls
October
September
- 0 . 1 $131,087,375 3$131,931,961
548,093
544,404
+4.4
1,217, 374
1,235,210
-2.7
26,791,118
27,346,929
-.5
Percentage
change
-0.6
+.7
-1.4
-2,0
+24.5
+66.7
+16.8
12,090,092
102,658
388,027
9,979,680
71,947
395,189
+21.1
+42.7
-1.8
263,721
-1.6
24,649, 559
27,503,233
-10.4
117,518
3,120,399
+2.8
+4.0
220,756
44,865
317,252
-.3
4,012,209
+2.4
14,602,688
6,055,209
6,020,021
170,347,326 » 164, 507,381
3,927,491
196,999
14,467,301
+.6
+3.4
+2.2
+.9
1
a
Includes data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds.
Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the
extent of 116,408 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $14,372,651 for October and 118,450 employees
and
pay-roll disbursements of $14,519,415 for September.
3
Revised.
* Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936, and
1937 funds and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 funds are included. These data
are not shown under The Works Program. Includes 67,733 wage earners and $5,866,208 pay roll for October;
80,860 wage earners and $7,068,139 for September, covering Public Works Administration projects financed
from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1930, and 1937 funds. Includes 62,550 wage earners
and $4,471,342 pay roll for October; 18,984 and $1,197,309 pay roll for September, covering Public Works
Administration projects financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation
Act of 1938.
«Includes 283 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $30,771 for October; 241 employees and pay-roi]
disbursements of $20,152 for September on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
«Data not available.
DETAILED TABLES FOR OCTOBER 1938
Industrial and Business Employment
MONTHLY reports on employment and pay rolls are available for
the following groups: 87 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; and
class I steam railroads. The reports for the first two of these
groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample
surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and in virtually all industries the samples are large enough to be entirely representative. The
figures on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission and are presented in the foregoing summary.
EMPLOYMENT, PAY ROLLS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in October
1938 are shown in table 3. Percentage changes from September 1938
and October 1937 are also given.
The indexes for the manufacturing industries have been adjusted
to the 1935 Census of Manufactures and are not comparable to those
published in the July 1938 and earlier issues of this pamphlet. Electric and steam railroad repair shops have been excluded from the new
series in keeping with the reclassification for the 1937 Census of
Manufactures.
The average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and
average weekly earnings for all manufacturing industries combined
now relate to 87 industries instead of 89, because of the exclusion of
electric and steam railroad repair shops. This exclusion also affects
the averages for the durable-goods group because these industries
were classified in that group. The average hours and hourly earnings
for the 87 manufacturing industries combined, and for the manufacturing groups are weighted on the basis of estimated employment
for the separate industries. As these estimates have been affected
by the revision of the indexes, it follows that the weighted averages
for September and October differ from the averages that would result
if the former estimates of employment were used as weights. Revised
averages for earlier months will be computed and made available in
the near future.
The indexes and averages for the iron and steel group and the
nonferrous metal products group have been affected by the transfer of
the stamped and enameled ware industry from the latter group to the
former. The indexes, hours, and hourly earnings for the knit-goods
industry are now weighted on the basis of four subdivisions (hosiery,
knitted outerwear, knitted underwear, and knitted cloth) for which
separate figures are now given. Tractor manufacturing establishments have been transferred from the engine, turbine, water wheel,
and windmill industry to the agricultural implements industry, thereby
affecting the figures for both industries.
The revised series of employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as
average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average
weekly earnings for August, September, and October 1938, where
available, are presented in table 4. The August and September
averages where given, may differ in some instances from those
previously published not only because of the foregoing, but also
because of revisions necessitated by the inclusion of late reports and
other causes.
The weekly average earnings shown in tables 3 and 4 are computed
by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As all
reporting establishments do not supply man-hour data, average hours
worked per w^eek and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on
9
data supplied by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size and
composition of the reporting sample varies slightly from month to
month and therefore the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown in tables 3 and 4 are not
strictly comparable from 1 month to another, even after revisions.
The sample, however, is believed to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the general movements of earnings and
hours over the period shown. The changes from the preceding
month, expressed as percentages, are based on identical lists of firms
for the 2 months, but the changes from October 1937 are computed
from chain indexes based on the month-to-month percentage changes.
TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1938
M ANUF ACTU RING
tIndexes are based on 3-ycar average, 1923-25 = 100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1938.
Comparable series available upon request]
Industry
All manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills._.
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
_
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
_..
Forgimrs, iron and steel
_
Hardware
_..
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled w a r e .
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
_
Stoves
_
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Percentage
change from—
September
1938
October
Index
October
1938
+0.8
+5.0
-16.5
83.9
-25.7
-29.5
-24.0
-4.8
80.0
45.6
79.5
73.1
129.1
+2.9
+1.8
+3.6
+1.3
+3.2
+5.0
+18. 9
-.2
+6.1
71.3
83.1
61.1
86.2
+2.1
+4.3
+1.1
-11.7
-15.0
-19.9
-25.5
-17.0
77.0
146. 5
+2.9
+14.5
+2.2
+3.8
-20.5
-29. 9
Index
October
1938
19.5
79.1
99.3
84.1
86.0
84.9
65.4
87.2
93.7
136.1
80.7
83.4
-2.4
-.2
+4.2
+.4
Average weekly
earnings i
Pay rolls
Employment
Percentage
change from—
October
-16.5
-35.3
-20.8
-13.2
-24.9
37.4
+1.4
Cents
63.7
+1.0
-6.1
+1.3
37.4
37.4
+3.6
71.0
57.9
+.5
+.7
+6.1
+7.4
+7.0
-8.1
-10.8
-6.0
-1.6
34.9
32.2
35.0
34.1
+5.7
+7.2
+7.9
75.3
84.0
69.9
56.9
+.2
+.1
-3.4
-6.9
-3.7
-6.4
59.7
74.3
68.0
66.7
60.5
-1.0
+2.0
39.3
36.3
38.8
36.1
39.5
+.6
+3.5
+.8
+.8
-5.3
+5.6
-10.3
-3.0
36.3
41.0
36.3
37.3
+8.6
+3.9
+.7
-2.4
+3.3
-11.5
-2.5
69.0
66.2
72.0
60.6
+'3
-.2
+.7
+2.0
+1.2
+1.1
23.11
25.65
+5.8
+5.9
+10.4
+4.2
+6.3
+8.4
+4.8
+.5
-2.0
+3.7
+1.5
()
-11.0
-8.2
-.8
+6.5 -2.2
+5.1 -8.8
+6.7 -2.5
+3.5 -7.5
+5.5 +2.4
-3.9
38.2
37.9
-2.2
-2.0
60.8
68.0
-1.1
-1.0
-2.3
-3.4
26.07
27.11
+2.1
+2.2
-9.4
-14.5
36.3
35.2
+4.9
+2.7
+2.5
+1.5
()
-12.6
71.7
77.7
-23.6
-36.9
28.43
26.71
-.7
+2 5
-26.8
28.01
$23. 92
-30.3
26.92
21.34
+9.2
+9.3
+10.8
+.1
73.4
+9.1
41.9 +11.1
86.3 +31.3
62. 0 +4.1
135.1 +12.7
59.0 +10.7
75.7
+9.4
50.5
+1.7
89.2 -13.5
71.9
+6.7
156.1 +16.3
-31.8
-37.0
-28.7
-6.5
26.09
27.11
24.42
19.54
-19.4
-39.7
-23.7
-18.9
-24.4
23.22
26.94
26.32
24.14
23.94
-19.5
-15.3
-33.1
-19.0
24.98
26.98
26.12
22.50
-23.6
-33.7
+4.2
+6.1
-38.6
-55.8
-48.3
81.9
92.4
-12.1
-32.4
119.7
78.0
-23.4
90.4
-.9
+6.8
+.4
Percentage
change from—
-3.9
-19.7
74.9
73.8
81.0
53.8
October
1938
+2.7
+4.5
+1.0
+3.6
±1:1
Percentage
change from—
October
1937
October
1937
75.4
93.5
October
1938
Average hourly
earnings l
September
1938
September
•
-25.8
-7.9
Percentage
change from—
Average hours worked
per week *
-1.2
-12.9
-6.6
34.9
36.5
-4.7
35.8
September
1938
October
1937
Q
-1.1
+3.2
+.5
-4.6
-14.7
-6.9
82.2
73.2
-5.6
78.5
tembei
1938
-.9
-.8
__
i
-.4
+.8
+.5
-.4
October
1937
()
+0.7
+2.3
— 8
-1.5
+1.7
-1.4
+1.0
-.8
()
-2.1
+2.1
+.3
+1.4
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation equipment
Aircraft
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuilding-_
_
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices
___
Jewelry
_
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, nnd zinc
Lumber and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
_
Stone, clay, and glass products
_
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
_
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery
Nondurable
Textiles and their products
83.6
100.3
85.4
64.0
66.4
65.7
79.7
54.0
53.1
70.1
52.0
70.1
87.5
42.3
77.7
-.2
-18.4
69.4
110. 5
97.9
56.2
128.1
84.7
780.8
92.5
23.4
11.1
95.1
88.5
148.4
96.2
-25. 2
-7.8
-20.7
-8.2
-23.6
-15.4
-16.3
85.6
91.8
78.1
62.4
62.2
60.0
68.4
+3.4
+1.6
+3.0
+6.7
-1.7
+3.9
-9.5
-16.4
-14.5
-14.2
-6.4
-20.2
-16.6
-7.6
46.0
50.4
63.0
40.6
65.4
92.9
30.1
72.8
-.4
-6.7
83.1
76.5
66.3
72.5
77. 5
92.0
78.0
121.9
167.0
77.0
61.9
131.0
50.2
58.1
93.0
74.9
128.8
104.8
-31.3
+1.4 - 3 1 . 0
+15.5 - 3 9 . 2
+2.4 - 2 3 . 7
+3.0 - 1 7 . 6
+25.2 - 3 4 . 6
+4.0 - 1 3 . 1
+34.0 - 3 5 . 1
-9.0
+.5
+2.5
+4.9
+4.5
+4.0
+4.6
+4.4
+12.0
+7.0
+1.5
-.2
+1.0
+.1
-.8
-58.3
-69.3
-18.4
-16.1
+2.5
+1.8 - 3 8 . 8
+2.5 - 4 3 . 6
+17.2 - 3 8 . 0
+4.5 - 3 1 . 4
+ 10.7 - 9 . 7
+30.7 - 3 3 . 9
+7.4 - 6 . 7
+39.6 - 3 3 . 6
-8.9
+.6
-63.5
-80.1
-19.9
-18.6
+3.1
+8.7
-.6
+6. 9
+7.9 - 1 6 . 6
+9.6 - 3 2 . 4
+12.8 - 8 . 2
+12.9 - 2 5 . 8
+12.2 - 9 . 6
+3.0 - 3 0 . 9
25.54 1
27.12
22.53
24.09
24.55
33.87
30. 79
35.03
25. 61
22.14
30. 75
26.06
26.66
27.28
-13.8
-15.5
21.66
25.89
25.53
26.77
26. 34
21.09
20.77
-6.2
-14.4
-17.9
-17.1
-8.4
-22.7
-2 k5
-11.6
22.40
20.94
23.96
20.37
26.02
25.47
23.99
23.33
-1.2 -4.7
+2.3 -4.6
+8.8 +16.2
+2.0 - 7 . 1
+8.8 - 7 . 8
+2.7 - 2 . 8
-17.9
+6.3
+5.1 - 4 . 8
+5.0 - 2 . 3
+7.6 —6.4
+4.4 - 1 2 . 8
+2.3 - 1 4 . 2
-.9
-19.0
+.9 +5.4
-6.5 - 5 . 2
-6.6 - 6 . 6
-o. 4
-6.4
+9.1 +6.4
17.00
16.64
22.95
14.03
18.56
20.99
22.13
18.63
20.13
17.91
14. 86
18.99
15. 83
18.75
18.01
18.68
19.94
17.75
0
+••"
+1.2
—. 5
+8.1
+5.0
+3.1
+12. 5
-3.8
+14.0
+2.0 - 1 2 . 0
+1.1 - 1 8 . 2
+1.5 +2.0
10.0
+2.1 - +3.2
+7.4
+4.3 +1.0
+3.2 +5.2
+4.2 +1.6
+.1
3
+(+.5
)
+3.7
+2.4
+3.8
+4.8
+8.1
+.8
+4.9
+1.5
+.1
-.5
+1.0
+.3
+4.5
+3.4
+.1
+5.5
-2.2
+9.6
-12.5
-35.1
-1.1
-2.9
-2.9
+2.5
-10.0
-.9
-7.3
-1.7
-9.7
+1.9
+.3
+4.0
+2. 4
-3.9
-3.2
-2.9
-2.2
-8.1
-4.4
36.0
36.8
39.1
36.6
38.0
38.6
40.4
39.0
34.7
29.2
36.9
39.7
40.1
38.5
37.7
45.0
38.7
41.5
38.2
41.0
40.5
+2.2
+1.4
+4.2
+3.2
+7.5
+5.7
+.7
+7.0
-1.1
+.6
+1.2
+4.3
+3.4
+4.3
+3.8
+9.5
+1.5
+5.4
+1.4
+.7
-11.6
-18.1
+8.4
-8.0
+7.2
(')
-2.1
+4.1
-11.2
-33.8
- 12 . 5
()
+.1
+5.0
-8.7
+4.7
-6.1
-2 9
-9.0
2
+.2
()
-.8
42.4
40.9
37.1
38.8
37.8
35. 6
35.1
37.4
+1.4
+5. 5
+.8
+.6
(2)
35.5
37.0
36.1
36.8
39.9
39.2
31.2
37.7
37.5
39.2
36.1
40.8
37.2
35.6
33.1
31.5
33.0
38.8
+.4
+2.1
+3.2
+1.6
+3.0
+ 1.3
-15.0
+3.6
+4.1
+2.2
+4.0
+.2
+3.1
+1.9
+2.9
+3.0
+.7
+4.1
-1.5
+5.0
-.8
-5. 5
-5.4
-11.2
-7.5
70.9
73.8
57.7
66.0
64.6
87.8
75.5
90.0
73.9
75.9
83.2
65.9
66.5
70.9
2
+.3
-2.6
-1.1
-5! 7
-2.2
-!3
-.1
-1.4
+.6
-2.6
+1.1
-.6
-.6
-.5
-1.0
-.5
57.5
56.6
65.9
64.5
68.9
52.0
51.8
+1.0
-1.2
52.8
52.0
64.0
52.6
69.2
71. G
67.5
62.0
-.5
-.4
-.7
-.3
+.1
-i!i
+2.2
(3)
+7.9
-1.6
-1.4
-1.9
+.3
(2)
-3.1
-2.7
-1.1
-5.3
-.1
+.7
-.*
()
2
-2.6
-1.4
+.9
+.7
+ 1.2
-.0
+1.1
+2.0
+2. 2
+.3
+ 1.1
-.9
goods
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing andfinishingtextiles.
Hats, fur-felt_Knit goods...
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
.
Knitted underwear
..
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
.
Woolen and worsted goods.
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
... .
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments.
See footnotes at end of table.
77.5
115.8
108.0
61.2
125.3
79.9
785.8
86.9
25.2
16.1
92.1
92.2
142.4
96.4
97.5
87.2
76.9
83.7
79.9
105.8
89.1
114.5
143.9
83.3
70.2
156. 3
61.2
71.9
119.6
104.5
171.4
98.9
+.7 —6.6
+5.8 - 1 2 . 4
-6.4
+•6
+4.5 - 1 0 . 3
5.8
+1.6
-2.8
-1.0
5.5
+2.4
+2.3 - 2 . 4
3.5
+4.1
+1.6 - 1 5 . 2
1
5.5
+4.0
-3.1
-1.0
-2.0
-2.8
-3.2
+1.6
-18.8
+.5
-6.8
-6.8
-8.6
-2.7
-.8
+1.5
4-2.9
+1.3
+4.2
+1 1
-17.1
+2.6
+2.7
+3.3
+2.8
-1.7
+2.2
+2.0
+2.2
+2.1
+28.9
-1.0
+2.6
+3.1
+9.1
+6.3
-.2
-3.1
+2.8
+1.4
-.3
+5.1
-4.5
+1.8
- 3 . 9 +(')
-3.3
+3.0
+7.3 +10.3
(2)
2
()
+35.9
+8.8
+5.5
+11.0
+18.4
+5.2
-14.3
-2.7
+9.0
+1.6
+6.4
+16.
4
(2)
-2.6
-3.0
+4.4
-3.1
+3.9
+7.1 +12.9
48.6
45.9
63.fi
38.1
46.9
53.0
67.2
50.8
54.4
45.4
41.5
46.0
42.2
52.7
53.1
59.1
54.8
45.8
-.5
-.3
-.4
-.2
+.6
-.2
-4.4
-.8
-1.2
+.8
+.4
-1.9
. 7
+.'2
-.1
+1.0
+.4
-2.0
-8.7
-4. 6
—7.3
—(I 2
-3.L'
-3.7
-2.*)
-2.0
-7.3
-9.8
(2)
-5.2
-2.2
-2.9
T A B L E 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours,
and Earnings in Manufacturing
and Nonmanufacturing
Industries,
October
1938—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continue d
Industry
Nondurable
Index
October
1938
Average weekly
earnings
P a y rolls
Employment
Percentage
change from—
teeptember
1938
October
1937
+8.1
o
Index
October
1938
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Sep
tern her
1938
October
1937
+12. 1
-31.0
+2. 0
-5.9
-9. 0
+3. 5
-7.1
-2. S
-?. 4
-4. 9
-45. 3
+2.1
+ 12.0
-13. 7
+.9
+3. 4
-5. 3
-6.1
—0 7
-2.3
-2. 9
-215. 2
-7.9
-3. 0
-.1
Average hours worked
per week
October
1938
September
1938
October
1937
Average hourly
earnings
Percentage
change from—
October
1938
September
1938
October
1937
30.7
33.9
34. 7
35.3
34. 0
38. 5
41.0
42.0
35. 5
40. 0
37.4
40.2
45. 2
45.1
41.8
43.7
3S. 0
37.1
35. ()
37.4
38.6
42.2
40. 6
+4. 0
-11.9
+11.3
+14.1
37.3
30. 5
38.7
35.5
39.9
39.9
Percentage
change from—
October
1938
September
1938
October
1937
goods—Continued
Wearing apparel—Continued.
M e n ' s furnishings
Millinery
1
Shirts a n d collars
leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
Leather
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
_.
_
.
Icecream
_
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing a n d smoking tobacco a n d snuff
Cigars a n d cigaretccs
..
Paper and printing
___
Boxes, paper
P a p e r and p u l p
P r i n t i n g a n d publishing:
Book and job
1
Newspapers a n d periodicals
Chemicals a n d allied products, a n d petroleum
refining
Petroleum refining
Other t h a n petroleum refining
Chemicals
_
_
119.2
74.2
119.2
*9. 9
SI.2
128.7
in.;0
233.
99. 1
147.3
93. 0
73.8
97.4
260. 7
90. 0
66.3
57. 7
105.5
102.8
101.8
+2.8
-6. 3
-5. 2
+1.1
-4.1
-2. 3
-3.
—1. I
-7.4
+3.3
-6.9
-9.3
-4. 5
— .9
— 0. 7 - 3 . 1
-0. 1
-4.1
-45. 9 -23. I
—5. S
+5.7
-2.(5
+.4
-2. 5
-ll.o
-L.2
+2.0
-7.4
+ 100.2
+9.8
-2. 9
1.2
0
-0. 4
-7.8
—.
5
+ 1.0
-6.9
+1.2
5
.
8
+4.1
-8. 5
+.8
99. C
106. 0
113.4
119. 5
111.9
115.0
+.4
-1.2
+2! 3
110.1
62.7
99. 3
01..:»
81.7
127.0
13;). 5
272. 0
So. 0
130.3
+.7
91.o
-1.9
79.7
9.2
03.7
+1.3
110.0
;
+
132.3
22 >. 1
80. 0
60.7
-.'5
03. 3 -11.9
0(1 3
+ 1.2
103.7
+2.6
112.7
+0. 9
100. 5
+1.9
+3. 8
-20.9
-.4.
+9. 0
-2.9
-10.0
-1.8
-6.0
-1.7
-7.3
11.8")
21.92
12. 84
18.32
Hi. 97
21.23
24.16
25. 30
32. 50
22. 52
10. 07
IS. 23
20. 88
29. 33
28. 51
22.22
24.15
16.84
17. 17
10.77
28.14
22. 29
21. 85
-10! 8
-2.9
-.4
—4. 4
+.2
+1.4
+2.8
+4.1
+•' 5
-1.6
-1. 0
— 1.0
+.9
+4.3
+ 1.2
— 1.2
+.4
+.9
-3.1
-5. 1
+.2
+3.0
-2. 0
-L. 8
—.8
+1.1
-4.8
-2.3
+2.7
-8.4
-3.8
87.9
10?. 7
-.4
+2.2
-9.3
-3.2
29. 35
37. 25
-1.0
+ 1.3
-11.8
—7. 6
-12.8
-16.5
120.1
132.8
116.2
128.3
+1.0
-1.4
+1.8
+5.6
-11.1
-7.4
-12.3
-15.5
28.35
34. 45
25. 64
30. 65
+.7
-.1
+1.1
+3.3
+3. 8
+i). 1
-8.3
+5.1
+0. 4
+2.1
+.9
-2.3
+.9
+2.0
-4. 1
-2.4
-.0
+2. 5
+1.R
+.6
+.8
+.2
+.5
+1.1
( )'
+3.1
+2.8
(2)
-3.0
-L. 0
+1.6
-2.9
-3.2
— 1.8
-3.2
+2. 5
+4.8
-2.4
(2)
-1.0
— 1.4
(2)
+2. 5
+3. 7
Cents
30.4
02. 3
37. 0
53.0
50. 0
63.0
59.8
60. 9
85. 5
48.3
44. S
'!"). 9
5S. 7
03. 5
OS. 5
51. 4
02. 5
45.6
49.3
45.2
76.4
53. 2
rtl.3
-. 0
-2.8
-. 4
79. 9
99.1
+1.1
+.7
+1.2
+3.7
()
-1.0
~( 2 )
73.6
97.6
64.8
76.8
2
-4.8
-.1
-.7
-1.6
-1.8
-1.4
-2.7
-1.4
—5. L
—2. 5
-.4
+5. 5
-1.3
+.2
-1.5
+.4
+1.6
+3. 3
+3. S
+.5
+2.1
— 10.1
+.6
+1.0
+'. 0
+3.8
+ d)
+• 1
+.7
+5.1
o
-1. 1
+4.0
-.3
-.10.0
+1. 5
—2. 9
-.3
+.3
+.1
+.3
-.7
-.7
-.3
A
-2. 5
-0. 8
-S.0
(')
-5. 3
-.4
(2)
+.8
+2.8
+2.1
-1.0
+.4
+.0
+4.2
!
()
-3.2
+.7
(2)
+1.7
-2.3
+1.8
+1.5
)
+1.0
(2)
+.6
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other
122.1
110.3
84.1
79.5
112.9
314.4
93.2
77.7
60.1
63.5
123.3
+7.6
+.6
-1.0
-3.2
+.4
-.3
+.6
+2.4
+3.6
+2.6
+2.0
-20.2
-7.4
-8.4
-11.1
-11.3
-13.1
-1.5
-20.0
-23.1
-24.1
-13.2
104.0
123.9
96.5
70.1
116.3
302. 6
94.8
79.7
61.6
69.1
122.6
-20.7
-3.6
-10.3
-14.8
-11.3
-13.9
-1.8
-15.7
-20.6
-16.1
-12.8
+9.3
+4.o
+3.7
-9.4
+1.6
-1.8
+.2
+3.9
+6.8
+2.6
+5.2
13.04
25.31
31.62
16.41
27.83
23.63
28.98
27.27
23.48
31.25
23.43
+1.6
+3.8
+4.7
-6.4
+1.2
-1.5
-.4
-1.7
+5.1
-1.3
-3.7
+.1
-.9
-.2
+1.5 +5.4
+3.0 +3.3
+10.7
+3.1
+.4
_(3)
-.4
51.3
40.3
39.4
36.7
40.1
37.0
39.4
36.6
38.7
33.1
40.0
+1.6
+2.2
+4.4
-3.6
+1.1
+1.7
+2.7
-.3
+3.4
+4.1
+13.1
+2.6
28.8
26.8
39.5
40.9
39.9
+30.3
+3.9
+1.2
+1.7
-9.6
-9.0
-8.9
-4.6
-.3
92.5
88.7
67.5
54.4
83.9
39.8
+2.1
+1.2
82.7
39.7
0
-2.8
84.7
+1.1
-1.8
-.7
-4.8
+2.3
-3.0
-4.3
-.8
-1.1
- 18 . 2
()
25.2
58.9
80.3
44.8
69.4
63.9
73.7
75.6
60.7
94.4
59.2
+.6
+.3
-2.8
+.1
+.3
w
+4.8
+1.1
+1.0
+1.2
+.9
—.1
()
-1.1
-1.5
-3.1
+1.6
+1.8
NONM AN UFAGTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Coal mining:
Anthracite*
Bituminous *
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallie mining
Crude petroleum producing.
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph s
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas»
Electric-railroads and motor-bus operation and
maintenance
Trade:
Wholesales
Retail*
_General merchandising«
5
Other than general
merchandising
Hotels (year-round)"4 5C
Laundries *
_
Dyeing ands cleaning *_
Brokerage s
Insurance
Building construction.-.
52.4
87.2
57.9
44.4
69.3
74.7
-3.1
-14.9
-14.8
-30.1
-16.8
-10.5
43.4
78.3
49.2
39.2
63.9
+47.5
+8.8
+6.8
+2.2
-21.7
-22.2
-39.8
-20.6
-8.0
$26.99
23.84
26.52
22.37
33.30
+30.8
+4.2
+1.8
+2.7
-.2
-6.1
95.3
+.4
31.57
-6.2
99.8
+3.0
+1.5
+.6
-5.2
33.79
+3.2
+1.5
-3.5
32.22
-.2
-5.3
-6.3
-6.7
-6.3
-3.9
-4.7
-6.7
-16.0
-1.9
-27.0
29.69
21.04
17.62
24.04
15.04
17.24
19.91
35.76
35.50
30.19
+.4
+.6
+.9
+.8
+1.3
+12.8
+4.5
+4.9
-.5
92.5
_(3)
69.9
+.8
+.8
+1.4
+2.5
+.9
+1.2
89.2
86.1
100.7
82.3
92.9
94.4
106.8
7
()
(7)
(7)
-2.2
-1.0
-.9
-.4
+3.2
-4.8
68.9
-5.1
-6.5
-6.8
-6.4
-4.2
-5.5
-3.4
-11.4
75.1
71.1
89.7
67.2
80.8
79.5
78.0
7
+2.5
-26.7
()
(7)
(7)
-3.9
+1.1
+2.1
+3.4
+1.7
+2.5
-2.3
-4.5
+1.2
+.1
+5.0
1
Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average, hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments, as all n porting firms do not furnish man-hours.
The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the
size and composition of the report ing sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing
industries now r< late to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and
prior issues of the pamphlet. The two industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad
repair shops. The averages for the durable goods group have also been affected by this
exclusion. See text in section headed, "Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings."
s Not yet computed.
3
4
-.8
—.1
-3.6
+2.1
+.5
+1.7
-8.1
-8.7
-13.8
-4.5
+2.2
+7.0
+1.1
+1.3
-.2
+.1
+.1
+.1
+.3
+.8
-3.4
-5.2
-4.4
-.8
-1.2
-.4
+.6
+.3
+.3
+1.4
44.7
-.2
-3.1
71.3
_(3)
42.4
42.4
39.0
43.5
46.7
41.4
42.1
7
+.5
+.2
+.8
+.1
+.3
-1.6
-1.1
70.7
53.8
48.1
55.7
32.0
41.8
47.9
+.3
+.5
+.3
+1.2
+.8
()
(7)
33.8
-1.0
-3.4
8
+3.2
+.6
-1.4
-3.0
-2.0
- 37 . 0
()
(7)
—2.4
(7)
89.4
-.3
-.9
(7)
(")
-1.5
-1.1
-5.1
-.7
+1.6
+4.9
+3.2
+4.7
+.6
+1.9
-1.0
+2.5
+3.0
+3.0
-1.5
+1.2
Less than Mo of 1 percent.
Indexes adjusted to 1935 Census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.
* Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation
officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
• Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
7
Not available.
CO
TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1938.
Comparable series available upon request]
Employment index
Industry
All manufacturing industriesDurable goods
Nondurable goods
Average weekly
earnings'
Pay-roll index
Average hours worked
per week i
Average hourly
earnings •
Octo- Septem- August Octo- Septem- August Octo- Septem- August Octo- Septem- Aujriis:. Octo- Septem AllLILSt
ber 1938 ber 1938 1938 ber 1938 ber 1938 1938 ber 1938 ber 1938 11)38 ber 193ft ber 1938 1938 ber 1938 ber 1938 1938
89.5
79.1
99. £
88.8
75.3
101.7
85.7
71.7
99.0
83.9
75.4
93.5
81.0
68.7
94.9
78.9
63.7
91.7
$23. 92
26.92
21.34
$23. 32
25.81
21.34
$22.90
24.98
21.25
37.4
37.4
37.4
36.9
36.0
37.5
38.3
35.4
36.9
63.7
71.0
57.9
63.2
70.8
67.7
62.9
70.2
57.8
84.1
86.6
84.9
65.4
81.7
85.1
81.9
64.6
79.4
84.0
78.1
63.0
74.9
73.8
81.0
53.8
68.6
67.6
73.1
53.8
65.3
65.3
66.3
53.0
26.09
27.11
24. 42
19.54
24.59
25.25
22. 82
19.77
24.11
24.70
2.1. 68
20.00
34.9
32.2
35.0
34.1
S3.0
30.0
32.5
34.2
32.4
29.0
30.7
34.3
76.3
84.0
09.9
50.9
75.3
83.9
70.5
57.4
75.3
83. f>
70.7
57.8
80.0
45.6
79.5
73.1
129.1
77.6
43.5
60.9
73.2
121.6
74.5
41.5
60.6
73.1
114. 1
73.4
41.9
86.3
62.0
135. 1
67.3
37.7
65.7
59.0
119.9
60.9
34.5
57.6
57. 3
109. 9
23.22
20. 94
20. 32
21. 14
23.94
21. 82
25. 45
23.86
23.21
23.07
20.03
24.48
23. 06
22.38
23.13
39.3
36.3
38.8
36.1
39.5
36.8
34.5
36. 6
350
37.9
34.0
33.0
3f>. 2
34.0
37.0
59.7
74.3
0S.0
06.7
00.5
60.0
73. 9
05.8
00.3
02.6
CO. 8
74.1
05.7
05. 8
02.7
71.3
83.1
61.1
86.2
09. 8
79.7
60.5
97.6
69.0
76.0
59.8
99.5
59.0
75.7
50. 5
89.2
53.3
09.2
49.7
103.0
55.5
61.5
51. 2
107.0
24.98
20.98
26.12
22.50
23.00
25 71
25. 93
22. 85
24.27
23.95
26.94
23. 40
36.3
41.0
36.3
37.3
33.3
39.4
35.8
38 2
35.2
36.0
36. 9
39.2
09. 0
66.2
72.0
60.6
09.1
65. y
72.0
59.9
69.2
66.6
73.1
59.7
77.0
146.5
87.2
93.7
136.1
74.8
127.9
85.4
90. 3
136.4
71.9
106.2
84.1
99. 8
135.0
71.9
156.1
81.9
92.4
119.7
67.4
134. 2
78.6
87.1
120.8
63.0
99.8
76.1
95.6
120.5
23.11
25. 05
26.07
27.11
28.43
22. 28
25.31
25.57
20. 55
28.52
21.64
22. 04
25.03
26.43
28.82
38.2
37.9
36.3
35.2
34.9
36.4
36.9
35.4
34.0
35.3
35.2
34.0
34.6
34.5
35.7
60.8
68.0
71.7
77.7
82.2
61.5
08.7
72.1
77. 1
81.8
72.0
7G.8
81.0
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery—
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets...
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled ware...
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam
fittings
_
Stoves.
Structural and ornamental metal work
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wire work
--
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools.._
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
_
Typewriters and parts
61.3
60.7
80.7
77.4
74.0
78.0
73.0
07.7
26.71
26. 07
25.28
36.5
35. 3
34. 2
73.2
73.7
73.8
83.4
77.5
115.8
108 0
61.2
125.3
83.1
77.7
114.2
93.5
59.8
121.6
82.6
77.1
107.1
88.9
57.7
117.7
90.4
69.4
110.5
97.9
56.2
128.1
90.0
08.1
107.8
83.5
53.8
115.7
89.9
07.2
97.4
75.6
50.2
97.9
28.01
25. 54
27.12
22.53
24.09
24.55
28.00
25. 02
26.87
22. 21
23.42
22. 85
28.13
24.87
25.86
21.20
22.78
19.97
35.8
36.0
36.8
39.1
36.6
38.0
35.0
35.2
30.3
37.5
35.3
35.4
35.9
34.9
35.4
35.7
33.9
31.0
78.5
70.9
73.8
57.7
06.0
64.6
78.8
71.0
74. I
59.4
66.5
64.6
78.7
70.9
73.2
59.5
07.3
64.3
Transportation e q u i p m e n t .
Aircraft
..
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam railroad.
cmties
Locomotives.
Shipbuilding...
..._Sh
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices.
Jewelry
_
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and rofining—copper, lead, and zinc.
Lumber and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
._
Stone, clay, and glass products..
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products...
Fabrics
Carpet3 and rugs
Cotton goods.
Cotton small wares
...
Dyeing andfinishingtextiles
Hats, fur-felt
Knit goods...
. ..
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
.
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel
__
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
Millinery....
Shirts and collars
Leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
Leather
See footnotes at end of table.
54.0
53. 5
67.8
51.2
08.0
82. 1
43.0
74. S
51.0
758. 7
48.0
24.3
18.0
89.1
83.0
128. f>
89.0
77.7
86.7
68.4
57.5
03. 1
64.0
76.0
84.7
780.8
92.5
23.4
11. 1
95.1
88.5
148.4
96.2
85. 6
91.8
78.1
02.4
62. 2
60.0
68.4
64.8
727.2
66.3
25. 7
11. 1
92.3
81.4
138.8
89. 1
78. 1
81.4
09.2
55.6
60.3
60.0
68.1
49.9
712.8
47.0
22.3
13.1
90.0
74.1
125. 8
83.4
70.3
70.1
58.2
48.5
57.9
58.1
62.5
33.87
30.79
35.03
25. 61
22.14
30.75
26.06
26. 66
27.28
21.66
25. 89
25. 53
26. 77
26. 34
21.09
20. 77
32.65
29.87
33.81
25.48
22.13
30. 60
25.15
26.04
26. 32
20. 66
23.95
25.31
25. 56
25.95
21.31
21.50
31.22
29.10
32.33
25. 26
23.37
29.99
24.14
24. 89
25. 63
19.11
22.70
23.73
23.13
25. 72
21.02
20. 43
38.6
40.4
39.0
34.7
29.2
36.9
39. 7
40.1
38.5
37.7
45.0
38.7
41.5
38.2
41.0
40.5
36.4
40.1
36.3
35. 0
29. 0
36.5
37. 8
3S. 8
30. 9
30. 3
41.0
38.1
39.5
37.7
40.3
39.9
35.3
39.8
34.6
34.7
31.1
35.9
36.2
36. 9
35. 9
33.0
38.6
35.4
35.9
37.6
40.5
39.3
87.8
75.5
90.0
73. 9
75.9
83.2
65.9
66. 5
70.9
57. 5
56.6
65.9
64.5
6S. 9
52.0
51.8
89.7
7S.1
93.3
72.8
76.4
83.7
86.1
67.2
71.3
56.9
57.7
66. 5
64. 6
H8.8
52.6
52.4
88.3
74. 1
93.6
72.8
75.2
83.0
66.6
67.5
71.5
57.8
57.7
67.1
64.6
68.4
52.3
52.2
52.8
52.4
66.3
49. y
69.9
78.7
43. 3
72. 3
46.0
50. 4
63.0
40. 6
65. 4
92.9
30.1
72.8
45. 5
50.6
58.3
38.6
63.4
82.6
31.3
63. 9
45. 6
50.2
56.5
37.2
65.4
78.6
32.0
58.7
22.40
20. 94
23.96
20.37
26.02
25.47
23. 99
23. 33
22.17
20.88
23.00
19. 77
25. 96
24. 13
24. 31
21.40
22.79
20.90
22.77
19. 56
26. 06
23.95
24.37
20.40
42.4
40.9
37.1
38.8
37.8
35.6
35. 1
37.4
41.6
40.3
36.2
38.0
37.4
34. 3
35.7
35.7
41.8
40. 9
35.9
38.3
37.8
33.6
35.7
3-1.4
52.8
52.0
64.0
52.6
69. 2
71.6
67.5
62.0
53.4
52.5
63.2
51.6
69.4
70.7
67.1
62. 4
54.6
51.9
63.4
51.1
69.0
71.2
67.7
62.9
95.1
S5. 1
67. C,
SI. 3
72. 1
101. [i
88. 1
K)9. 2
138.2
83.1
7(i. 5
Ofl. 3
7i 5
77.5
92. 0
78.0
121. 9
If57.()
77. 0
61. U
131.0
50. 2
58.1
93 0
74.9
128.8
104.8
140. 1
62.7
99. 3
69.6
64. 5
81.7
84.1
74.8
60. 9
71. 1
71.2
89. 5
95.0
116.0
159. I
71.6
59. 3
128. 1
50. 6
57. 5
99.5
80.1
137. 6
06. 1
124. 9
91.6
97.4
74.0
70.9
78.9
80.0
73.4
5o. 4
68.4
65.3
87.4
87.2
111.7
154. 3
65. 2
57. 7
126.1
50.2
62.1
90. 4
7^.4
128.1
85.8
109.5
59. 6
93.4
77.0
75.1
77.9
17.00
16.64
22. 95
14. 03
18.56
20.99
22. 13
18. 63
20. 13
17. 91
14.86
18.99
15. 83
18. 75
18.01
18.68
19. 94
17.75
14. 85
21.92
12.84
18.32
16.97
24.23
17.03
16.43
22.31
13. 82
17.95
20.85
26.85
18. 11
19. 60
17.27
14. 39
19. 06
15. 99
18.39
18.68
19. 33
20. 69
16.54
14.17
28.29
12.69
18.98
17.87
24.24
16.87
16. 56
21. 65
13.67
17.17
20. 75
25. 21
17.88
19. 38
16. 89
14. 12
18.91
16. 22
19. 21
17.68
18.40
20.23
15.27
13.46
21. 98
12.17
19.80
18.85
24. 29
35.5
37.0
36.1
36.8
39.9
39.2
31.2
37.7
37.5
39. 2
36.1
40.8
37.2
35. 6
33.1
31.5
33.0
38.8
36.7
33.9
34.7
35.3
34.6
38.5
35.4
36.3
34.9
36.2
39.0
38.6
36. 4
36. 4
36.2
38.2
34.6
40.8
35.7
35.0
33.9
32.3
34.0
36.2
34.9
40.1
34. 9
36.8
36.3
38.7
34.7
36.1
34. I
35.6
36.8
38.3
35.3
35. 9
35. 7
37.1
34. 1
40.4
36.7
36. 4
32.5
31.3
32.9
33.3
33.8
34.3
33.9
38.4
38.4
38.7
48.6
45.9
63.6
38.1
46.9
53.0
07.2
50.8
54.4
45.4
41. 5
46.0
42.2
52.7
53.1
59.1
54.8
45.8
36.4
62.3
37.0
53.0
50.6
63.0
49.2
46.2
63.9
38.3
40.4
53. 4
71.1
51. 1
54.9
44.8
41.6
47.6
44.5
52. 7
53.9
59.4
55.4
45.7
35.7
69.0
36.5
52.4
50.1
62.9
48.9
46.4
63.7
38. 3
46.6
53.8
73.1
51.6
55.5
44.6
41.6
47.0
43.8
52.9
53.1
58.6
54.8
46.0
36.0
62.3
36.4
51.6
49. 3
62. 9
7 •}. 1
68. -1
150.3
61.3
75. 1
116. 3
104.3
165.9
94.7
127.2
68.2
117.3
92.7
94.6
77.3
TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanujacturing Industries—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employment index
Pay-roll index
Average weekly
earningsi
Average hours worked
per week i
Average hourly
earningsi
Industry
Octo- Septcm- August Octo- Septem- August Octo- Septem- August Octo- Septem- August Octo- Septem- August
ber 1938 bcr 1938 1938 ber 1938 ber 1938 1938 ber 1<J38 ber 1938 1938 ber 1938 ber 1938 1938 ber 1938 ber 1938 1938
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products...
Baking
_
Beverages..
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snufl
Cigars and cigarettes
Paper and printing
_
_
Boxes, paper
...
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and period icals
Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining
_
_
Petroleum refining
._
Other than petroleum refining._
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal..
_.
Druggists' preparations
_
Explosives
Fertilizers
_
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Rubber products
__
Rubber boots and shoes—
__
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other
203.8
69.3
78.7
80.3
104.8
07.7
80.1
59.0
66. 1
58.0
98.0
97.3
101.9
24.18
25. 30
32.50
22.52
16.07
18.23
26.88
29. 33
28. 51
22.22
24.15
16.84
17.1.7
16. 77
28.14
22. 29
24.85
23.43
25.86
33.12
22. 76
15.83
19. 22
27.72
28.19
28.66
25.00
24. 59
16.96
17. 97
16.72
27.91
21.74
23.92
23.18
25.33
34.51
22.89
14.67
18.03
26. 75
28.92
27.93
23.33
23. 90.
16.89
17.17
16.82
27.48
20.90
24.26
41.0
42.0
38.5
46.6
37.4
40.2
45.2
45.1
41.8
43.7
38.6
37.1
35.0
37.4
38.6
42.2
40.6
41.3
42.8
39.2
46.9
38.3
42.1
46.1
46.0
41.9
41.3
40.3
37.1
35.5
37.2
38.0
40.8
39.1
39.7
41.6
40.8
47.7
35.1
37.0
44.6
48.3
40.6
36.2
38.8
36.7
34.0
37.0
37.7
38.9
39.4
59.8
60.9
85.5
48.3
44.8
45.9
58.7
63.5
68.5
51.4
62.5
45.6
49.3
45.2
76.4
53.2
61.3
57.6
61.0
85.4
48.3
42.5
46.2
59.9
60.7
68.6
61.7
61.0
45.8
50.7
45.3
76.5
53.8
61.3
58.6
61.5
85.2
47.8
42.9
49.0
59.6
59.8
68.9
64.6
61.6
46.2
50.7
45.9
76.0
54.2
61.7
88.2
106. 4
86.2
101.1
29. 35
37. 25
29.68
37.26
29.01
36. 25
37.3
36.5
37.5
36.2
37.1
36.1
79.9
99.1
80.0
98.8
79.3
97.1
118.9
134.6
114.1
121.4
95.1
118.6
93.1
77.4
114.5
308.2
94.6
78.7
57.7
67.3
116.6
116.9
138.1
110.4
121.0
57.0
117.2
93.1
65.4
111.2
289.0
91.2
69.5
50.9
60.6
107.7
28.35
34.45
25.64
30.65
13.04
25.31
31.62
16.41
27.83
23.63
28.98
27.27
23.48
31.25
23.43
28.3€
34.58
25.70
29.90
12.93
24.40
30.16
17.58
27.70
24.02
29.10
26.91
22.79
31.27
22.73
29.02
35.25
26.16
30.39
12.83
24.48
31.26
17.70
27.39
24.16
28.64
25.39
21.54
28.73
22.34
38.7
35.5
39.9
39.9
51.3
40.3
39.4
36.7
40.1
37.0
39.4
36.6
38.7
33.1
40.0
38.3
35.3
39.5
38.3
50.8
39.4
37.7
38.3
39.7
37.7
39.7
35.9
37.7
33.0
38.5
38.1
36.0
39.0
38.8
46 8
39.3
38.6
37.3
39.2
37.8
39.0
33.9
35.8
30.3
37.7
73.6
97.6
64.8
76.8
25.2
58.9
80.3
44.8
69.4
63.9
73.7
75.6
60.7
94.4
59.2
74.4
98.4
65.3
78.1
25.3
58.7
80.1
45.9
69.9
63.8
73.5
75.8
60.5
94.6
59.4
76.3
98.6
67.2
78.5
26.8
58.9
80.9
47.5
70.0
63.9
73.5
76.0
60.2
94.1
59.7
105.5
102.8
104.8
142.7
145. 0
250. 3
103.7
272.0
87.9
77.2
83.4
95. 5
100.2
92.7
68.3
62.6
06.8
104.3
98.8
104.0
138.3
144. 5
260. 0
110.1
251.2
71.6
77.9
93. 1
94. 2
74.7
90.1
64.3
60.4
04.8
102.7
94.8
102.8
127.0
139.5
272.6
80.6
130.3
91.6
79.7
63.7
110.0
220.1
80.0
60.7
63.3
00.3
103.7
112.7
106.5
136.7
143. 5
297.6
90.0
238.1
90.9
81.2
70.1
108.7
97.3
84.8
61.0
71.8
59.6
101.1
105.4
101.5
99. 0
100. 0
98.9
105. I
99.0
102.5
87.9
108.7
113.4
119.5
111.9
115.0
122.1
110.3
84.1
79.5
112.9
314.4
93.2
77.7
60.1
63. 6
123.3
113.0
121.0
111.1
112.5
113. 5
109.6
84.9
82.1
112.5
315.2
92.6
75.9
58.0
61.9
121.0
108.1
121.9
104.8
110.3
68.4
108.2
81.9
68.9
110.6
293.9
90.7
72.5
54.1
60.6
113.2
120.1
132.8
116.2
128.3
104.0
123.9
93.5
70.1
116.3
302.6
94.8
79.7
61.6
69.1
122.6
128.7
144.3
233. G
99.4
147.3
93.0
77.5
73.8
97. 4
200. 7
90. 0
86.3
57.7
07. 4
131.1
139.8
322.0
94.4
NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Coal mining: 2
Anthracite 2
Bituminous
Metalliferous raining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
_..
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 3
—
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas 3
Electric-railroad3 and motor-bus operation and
maintenance
Trade:
Wholesale3
Retails
General merchandising 3
Other than 2general
merchandising 3
3
Hotels (year-round)
'
2
Laundries
Dyeing and3 5cleaning 2
Brokerage3 5
Insurance
Building construction *
52.4
87 2
57.9
44.4
09.3
46.4
83.4
55. 2
44.6
71.5
37.6
80.1
51.4
44.6
72.4
43.4
78 3
49.2
39.2
63. 9
29.4
71.9
46.1
38.4
66.5
28.8
26.8
39. 5
40.9
39.9
22.1
26. 0
39. 0
40.6
40.2
18. 6
23.6
39.5
41.2
40.5
92.5
88.2
67.0
54. 4
83. 9
91.1
88.5
67.0
53. 5
83.8
90.5
88.8
67.7
53. 7
82. 9
74.7
74.9
74.8
95.3
92.6
91.3
31.57
30. 72
30.25
39.8
39.1
38.6
82.7
Sl.C
81.3
92.5
92.5
92.7
99.8
98.4
98.9
33.79
33.19
33. 54
39.7
39.8
40.4
84.7
83.4
83.4
(59.9
69.3
69.5
68.9
68.4
69.5
32.22
32.27
32. 73
44.7
44.8
45.3
71.3
71.3
71.4
89.2
8(5.1
100.7
82. 3
92. 9
94. 4
106.8
-.9
-.4
88.5
85.0
98.2
81.5
75.1
71.1
89.7
67.2
80.8
79.5
78.0
+1.2
73.7
66.8
78.8
64.3
77.4
83.1
74.3
+.6
-.4
++2.6O
+5.0
74.3
69. 7
86.8
60.1
78.9
81.4
81.7
— 1.2
-.8
-.5
29. 69
21. 04
17.62
24. 04
15. 04
17. 24
19. 91
35. 76
35. 50
30.19
29. 38
20.81
17.58
23.71
14.81
17.05
20.85
34.82
35.18
29. 66
29.35
21.38
96. 5
107.8
-1.4
87.6
80.0
86.4
78.3
90.4
97. 5
105.0
+ 1.0
42.4
42.4
39. 0
43. 5
46.7
41.4
42.1
(66)
()
33.8
42.1
42.2
38.6
43.4
46.4
41.9
43.5
(e6)
()
32.9
42.3
42.7
38.7
43.8
47.1
42.5
42.0
(•)
(•)
32.9
70.7
53.8
48.1
55.7
32.0
41.8
47.9
(•6)
()
89.4
70.3
53.3
48.2
54.9
31.6
41.3
48.3
(•6)
()
90.3
69.9
54.6
49.8
56.0
30.7
41.1
46.8
()
()
90.3
+3.2
91.8
+.1
1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hou s and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours
The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the
size and composition of the reporting sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing
industries now relate to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and
prior issues of the pamphlet. The two industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad
repair shops. The averages for the durable goods group have also been affected by this
exclusion. See text in section headed, "Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings."
2
Lndexos adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable sciies back to January 1929, presented in
January 1938 issues of this publication.
20.0 $26.99 $20. 64 $17. 35
64 2 23.84
22 93
21 38
26. 52 26. 04 26. 52
43.7
39.2
22.37
21.68
22.17
66.8
33.30
34.38
34.11
+.4
-2.5
+3.6
18.12
23. 98
14.64
17.36
19.47
34.71
35. 70
29. 69
3
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now7 exclude corporation
officers,
executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
4
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
• Indexes of employment and payrolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding month substituted.
«Not available.
7
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
18
INDEXES OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 5 for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for 13 nonmanufacturing industries, including 2 subgroups under retail trade, by months,
from October 1937 to October 1938, inclusive. The accompanying
chart indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from
January 1919 to October 1938.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 87 manufacturing industries and relate to wage earners only.
Formerly 89 manufacturing industries were covered in the Bureau's
monthly survey, but two of these—electric and steam railroad repair
shops—are now excluded. The base used in computing the indexes
is the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100. In October 1938 reports were
received from 24,943 manufacturing establishments employing
4,094,975 workers, whose weekly earnings were $97,963,237. The
employment reports received from these establishments cover more
than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in
the 87 industries included in the monthly survey of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, and building construction cover wage earners
only, but the figures for public utilities, trade, hotels, brokerage, and
insurance relate to all employees, except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. For
crude-petroleum producing they cover wage earners and clerical field
force.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls
for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
TREND OF INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, BY STATES
A comparison of employment and pay rolls, by States and geographic
divisions, in September and October 1938, is shown in table 6 for all
groups combined, and for all manufacturing industries combined
based on data supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage
changes shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—that is, the
industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand
total have not been weighted according to their relative importance.
EMPLOYMENT 5
PAY ROLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1923-25=100
/ncfeyNumbers
x/40
120
/0&-
80
SO
60
60
40
40
20
20
1919 1920 192! 1922 1923 !324 1925 1926 19271928 1929 1930 193/ 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 /938 1939 1940
i UNITED STATCS BUREAU Of-' LABOR STATISTICS
20
TABLE 5.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing * and Non~
manufacturing2 Industries, October 1937 to October 1938, Inclusive
Employment
1937
Industry
1038
Oct
" NT ° V - Dec
Manufacturing
105.8 107. 2 101.1 94. 5
All industries
104. 0 106. 6 100.8 91.7
Durable goods 3
107. 6 107.8 101.4 97.2
Nondurable goods4
Nonmanufacturing
60.2 61.5 60.9 61.4
Anthracite mining
102. 4 101. 4 99.4
Bituminous-coal mining. _. 99.3
76.8 82.9 75.4 70.4
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic 51.4 53.3 49.9 43.9
mining
Crude-petroleum produc- 76.5 77.5 77.2 76.5
ing
Telephone and telegraph.. 77.8 79.6 78.9 78.0
Electric light and power, 95.6 98.5 97.3 96.1
and manufactured gas...
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and 73.1 73.4 73.2 72.8
maintenance 5
92.0 94.0 93. 5 93.3
Wholesale trade
89.8 92.1 91. 100.4
Retail trade
General merchandis- 104.3 108.1 109.8 145. 9
ing
Other than general 8f>. 9 87.9
88.5
merchandising
94. 9 96.
96.6 94.9
Year-round hotels
99.! 97.8 97.0
Laundries..
107. ,r 110. 5 103. 5 99.2
Dyeing and cleaning
J a n . F e b M a r . Apr. .Vfay J u n e J u l y Aug. Sept. Oct.
87.8 88.2 87.7 85.7 83.4 81.6 81.9 85.7
81.7 80. 1 79.3 77.0 75.0 72.4. 70.3 71.7 75.3
93.7 95.9 95.8 94.0 91.5 90.: 92.9 99. 0 101..7
59.6 60.0 59.3 57.0 52.8 56.0 44.6 37.6 46.4 52.4
96.9 95.5 93.2 85.8 82.2 80.2 78.5 80.1 83.4 87.2
67.4 63.6 62.3 61.6 58.8 56.0 49.7 51.4 55.2 57.9
38.2 37.8 38.9 41.7 43.7 43.6 44.1 44.6 44.6
75.3 74.2 73.6 73.8 73.2 72.8 72.3 72.4 71.5 69.5
77.8 75.7 74.9 74.8 75.0 74.8 74.9 74.8 74.9 74. 7
93.8 92.6 92.0 91.8 91.'
92.2 92.3 92.'
92.5 92. 5
72.3 71.2 70.8 71.1 70.6 70.4 70.1 69.5 09.3 69.9
91.0 90.4 89.1 88.5 87.3 87.2 86.8 87. 6 88.5 89. 2
84.1 82.4 83.0 88.2 83.8 83.6 81.1 80.0 S5.0 86.1
91.5 88.8 90.5 101.0 92.4 91.9 87.9 86.4 98.2 100.7
82.1
94.3
96.8
96.8
80.7
94.5
95.7
95. 6
81.0
93.4
94.8
98.5
84. 9
93. 5 93.'
95.4 96.:
111.8 109. 9
81.4
92. 2
96. 6
110.8
79.3
90.
97.8
108.6
78.3
90.4
97.5
105. 0
81.5
91.8
96.5
107.8
82.3
92.9
94.4
106.8
Pay rolls
Manufacturing
All industries
_
Durable goods 3
Nondurable goods *....
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining
Bituminous-coal mining. .
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Telephone and telegraph..
Electric light and power,
and manufactured gas_.
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance 3
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
General merchandising
_
Other than general
merchandising
Year-round hotels
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning
J02.0 104.5 92.9 84.2 75.0 76.9 77.1 74.6 72.9 70. S 70.6 70. 9 81.0 83.9
64.
103. 5 108. 2
81.0 67.1 67.2 67.4
63.
61. 7
68.7
82.6 80.9 84.1 91.7 94.9 93.5
100.4 100. 3 90. J 87.7 84.0 87.8 87.9 84.
46.9
49.0 51.3 46.5 46.1 47.3 39.0 38. 3 49.7 20.2 20.0 29.4 43.4
88. 5 100. 7 91.1 95.1 70.4 74.0 68.4 56. 3 55.3 57.0 56.8 64.2 71.9 78.3
74.0 81.7 71.6 65.1 59.1 55.8 56.3 53.3 51.2 46.1 38.0 43.7 46.1 49.2
45.4 49.3 41.7 33.4 27.'
28.6 30.2 33.9 38.3 37.3 37.0 39.2 38. 4 39. 2
67. 6 60.7 66.8 66. 5 63. 7
68.2 69.9 70.2 69.8 68.2 69.
68.0 68.0 66.
91.3 90. 9 90. 9 91.3 92.6 95. 3
89.6 94.9 91.4 94. 93.7 89.9 92.6 91.
97.6 97.4 98.6 08.3 08.9 98.4 90. 8
'9.6 105.3 103.8 102.4 98.9
60. 0 69. 5 68.4 6S. 9
70.6 71.4 7.1.8 71.9 70.6 70.2 69.9 70.0 71.2 69.
74.3 75. 1
76.6 79.3 78.3 77.8 75.4 75.3 74.7 74.6 75.1 73.8 73. 6 73.
71.1
73.1 75.9 75.3
70.1 68. 4 68.6 72.2 70.0 69.5 68.1 60.8 69.
92.5 96.2 97.1 123.3 84.6 81.5 82.2 89.4 84.4 84.3 80.1 78. 8
69.1
SO. 6
83.0
77.6
71.7
84.1
83.4
83.6
70.8
84.3
81.1
73.7
71.8
82.6
81.1
68.6
67.1
81.6
80.1
65. 5
65. 7
83.6
79.1
65.2
65.8
80.9
78.6
68.2
68.6
80.5
80.6
87.2
67.0
80.5
80.9
80.7
66.4
79.
81.8
83.3
65. 6
77.4
83.0
77.5
64. 3
77.4
83.1
74.3
89.7
66.1
78.9
81.4
81.
67.2
80.8
79.5
78.0
1 3-ycar average, 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Comparable indexes for earlier
months
are in August issue of pamphlet and November issue of Monthly Labor Review.
2
12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of
Employment and Pay Rolls, or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of Monthly Labor Review, except
for anthracite and bituminous-coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, arid dyeing and cleaning. Indexes
for these industries from January 1929 forward have been adjusted to the 1935 census and are presented in
the3 January 1938 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls.
Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, railroad repair shops, nonferrous
metals,
lumber and allied products, and stone, clay, and glass products.
4
Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products,
and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
5
Not including electric-railroad car building and repairing.
21
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include figures
for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the 87
manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all
groups combined include all manufacturing industries, each of the
nonmanufacturmg industries presented in table 3 (except building
construction), and seasonal hotels.
Similar comparisons showing only percentage changes are available
in mimeographed form for "all groups combined," for "all manufacturing/' for anthracite mining, bituminous-coal mining, metalliferous
mining, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, crude-petroleum producing, public utilities, wholesale trade, retail trade, hotels, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, brokerage, and insurance.
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment
and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in
September and October 1938, by Geographic Divisions and by States
[ Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by
cooperating State organizations]
Manufacturing
Total—ail groups
Geographic division and State
Percentage
Amount
Num- Number of ber on change of pav roll
estab- pay roll from (1 week)
October
lish- October Sep1938
3 938
temments
ber
1938
Percentage
change
from
September
1938
PercentNum- Numage Amount
ber of ber on change of pav roll
estab- pay roll from (1 week)
lish- October SepOctober
1938
1938
ments
tember
Percentage
change
from
Septem-
Dollars
12,612,182
790,371
+2.8
1938
Dollars
853, 831
53, 238
4-1.6 19, 897, 099
- 2 . 0 1,054,100
39,889
15,959
461,330
89,984
193, 431
831,875
349, 824
+1.9 10,904,002
+2.0 1,999,806
+2.5 4,757, 432
33,503 2, 068, 279
Middle Atlantic20. 708 948, 273
New York
4,350 338, 537
New Jersey
Pennsylvania. . 8, 385 781,409
+1.3 54, 036, 932
+1.1 26,174,490
13, 585
New England
850
Maine
New H a m p 041
shire . . . .
408
Vermont
Massachusetts. i 7,960
Rhode Island._ 1, 220
2, 440
Connecticut
+•2
-.8
8,754,500
+2". 4 19,107,936
East North Central. 25, 390 1,985, 576 +3.8
7.380 522,6G6 +1.5
Ohio
2.987
239,133
Indiana
+1.0
* 6 730 562 590
Illinois
Michigan
_ 3, 900 434.719 +li! 3
* 4,321 226, 469
-•4
Wisconsin.
West North Central- 12,251
" 2. 561
Minnesota
2.182
Iowa
2, 940
Missouri
(5 IS
North Dakota.
525
South Dakota..
1,
183
Nebraska
s
2,236
Kansas
450,537
125, 744
GO, 791
100,730
5.815
8, 751
29,821
52, 885
South Atlantic
Delaware
Maryland
11,216
200
1.632
847, 510
15.270
1.109
2,073
1, 205
41,389
113,142
135.040
JLMMrK I OI v^O"
lumbia
Virginia
West Virginia..
129J16
See footnotes at end of table.
53, 256,453
13, 545, 023
5,896,444
14,628,363
13. 550,915
5,629,708
- . 2 10,699,338
-2.5
+.3
+.2
-.3
+1.1
+5.2
3,269,177
1,517,082
3, 709. 523
133,741
219,115
041.773
1,208,927
576,313
42,613
+0.9
+1.5
206
33,317
153
9,639
+.7
+3.3 1,786 2 64,629
432
70,153
+9.6
745 155,962
+7.0
+3.1 6,369 1,148,256
+1.0 2 2, 522 424,934
+1.7 1 541 264,234
+6.7 2,306 459,088
+7.9 8,548 1,446, 368
+5.1 2,459 376,139
+7.1 1,089 185,611
368 660
+3.0
+20.0 1,046 363,593
61,496
152,465
+3.1
+1.0 2,495 209, 720
-.1
-1.3
+4.4
-1.9
-.5
+.7
+2.4
-.5
+2.9
+2.9
3-.*
3,611
289
640
387
816
30
29
135
458
+3.1
2, 889
-2.1
84
642
565,408
10,014
87,262
+2.9 1,091,925
+3.6
+7.8
+.9
41
436
213
3, 435
76,686
48,248
+.7
2.068,280
+2. 3 3,338. 213
4-5.0
608, 265
199, 259
5,820,141
1,437,948
3,696,198
+.8
+1.4
+2.3
+.8 28, 902, 563
+.5 11,421,198
6,709,533
3+L4 10, 771,832
+5.1 S9, 955,604
+1.9 9,937, 539
+1.1 4,703,787
+1.0 9,478,591
+18.9 12,019,158
3-2.0 3,816,529
+.5 5,030,125
—3. 5
Q
-L8
+.7
+7.2
+6.9
+2.3
-.5
+2.5
+ 10.5
+6.3
+8.3
+3.1
+24.6
+1.9
49,183
-3.4 1,294,315
+.5
849,771 - 1 . 0
35,466 - 1 . 0
88,551 +2.1 1,979,372 +4.2
12. 472 - 4 . 0
482 - 2 . 0
59,937 +11.9
2,367 +9.8
10. 593 +15.1
244,139 +10.3
590,119
23,078
-1.0
-1.9
+1.7
16.187,449
349. 740
-6.6
+1.4 3.019,254
-3.1
ber
1938
+1.1
-7.2
9,826,435
226,247
-.5
117,062
1. 372,685
-. 1
-.6
+1.3 1,170.782
+7.0
3-.5 2,000,416
+.4
+3.1
-4.0
22
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay
Rolls in Identical Establishments
in
September and October 1938, by Geographic Divisions and by States—Continued
Manufacturing
Total—all groups
Geographic divi-
sion and State
PercentNum- Numage Amount
ber of ber on change of pay roll
estab- pay roll from (1 week)
lish- October Sep- October
1938
1938
ments
tember
Percentage
change
from
September
Dollars
2,601,828
1,255,850
1,730,469
731,854
5,330,968
1,686,564
1,774,124
1,601,488
268,792
+1.9
+2.4
+5.3
+3.7
+3.0
+3.5
+.7
+4 8
+4.7
668
241
371
193
1,052
292
372
301
87
154,917
80,870
83,774
20,190
177,279
30, 870
71,581
61,906
12,922
-.2
+2. /
+1.0
1,380
306
233
131
710
115,235
22,217
32, 257
10, 705
50,056
544
75
60
37
193
29
40
97
13
39,418
4,976
4,186
1,929
16,308
1,010
2, 776
7,968
205
1938
South A t l a n t i c Continued.
North Carolina.
South Carolina-
172,092
89,114
110,398
41,643
289, 576
78, 242
99,736
92, 578
19,020
6,302
1,126
1,087
1.455
2, 634
235,027
35,277
57,719
42,852
99,179
4,465
687
560
347
1,299
310
452
623
187
126, 557
13,772
12,182
9, 319
45, 292
7,354
15,057
20,827
2,754
+5.3
+9.6
+ 11.8
+4.0
+5.3
+G.8
+4 4
+.4
+1.2
3,033,091
374,910
288, 218
261,046
1,033,078
141,591
393, 749
4.58. 750
81, 743
+4.4
+8.4
+9.0
+3.2
+2.7
+3.1
+6. 9
+1.0
+4.4
10, 522
2,893
1,415
454, 826
92, 425
49,459
312,942
-5.3
-2.0
-9.1
-5.7
12, 828, 700
2,427,138
1,291,478
9,110,084
-2.5
Georgia
Florida
East South Central..
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central.
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma .
Texas
Mountain
Montana
Idaho
"Wyoming
Colorado _ Ke\v Mexico
Arizona
Utah..
..
Nevada
Pacific
"Washington
Oregon
California
H
u 6,214
5,087,481
605,761
1,132,353
1,038.175
—•4 2,311,192
-1.2
—.9
+1.0
-7.0
-2.8
Percentage
change
from
Sep-
ber
1938
1938
1.617
798
1,483
1,039
4,725
1,411
1,344
1,444
526
+1.5
+1.0
+2.4
+5.4
+1.2
+.8
+.2
+2 2
+4.0
+.6
+2.8
+1.4
+.1
PercentNum- Numage Amount
ber of ber on change of pay roll
estab- pay roll from (1 week)
lish- October Sep- October
1938
temments 1938
2,616
532
289
1,795
Dolfcirs
2,329,812
1,105,535
1,187,878
316.018
+ . 9 3,056, 679
650, 952
+.8
- . 2 1,246,526
282
+1.4 988,
+4.5 170,919
+(ln)
+*./
+.8
2,445, 799
375,40k
588, 230
+.3 254, 440
—1.4 1,227, 725
+2.7
— 5.7
ber
1938
+1.3
+1.0
+2.9
+2.2
+10.6
+26. 2
+19. 0
+32. 6
+13.2
+11.0
tem-
905, 521
132, 500
93,81.1
50,455
305,883
16,850
08,350
164,002
7, 001
+1.7
+2.3
+7.4
+1.7
+3.1
+6.2
+.2
+4.3
+6.0
-.6
+3.0
+.1
-1.4
-1.8
+9.0
+23.5
+10.0
+26. 5
+8.1
+0.2
+3.0
-2.\
237 938 - 8 . 7 6,475, 254 - 5 . 1
48] 069 - 3 . 9 1,248.002
+.7
721.028 -12.0
27,748 - 1 4 . 4
4,506,164
162,121 -9.0
-5.4
1 Includes banks and trust companies; construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment;
amusement
and recreation; professional services; and trucking and handling.
2
Includes laundering and cleaning; and water, light, and power.
3
Weighted percentage change.
4
Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants; and building and contracting.
«Includes construction but not public works.
07 Does not include logging.
Includes banks, real estate, pipe-line transportation, trucking and transfer, railroads (other than repair
shops), motor transportation (other than operation and maintenance), water transportation, hospitals and
clinics;
personal, business, mechanical repair, and miscellaneous services; and building construction.
8
Includes financial institutions, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
• Weighted percentage change including hired farm labor.
1° Less than Mo of 1 percent.
n Includes automobile dealers and garages; and sand, gravel, and building stone.
12 Includes bank?, insurance, and office employment.
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS
A comparison of employment and pay rolls in September and October 1938 is made in table 7 for 13 metropolitan areas which had a
population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas, but
having a population of 100,000 or over, are not included. Data concerning them are presented in a supplementary tabulation which is
available on request.
23
Footnotes to the table indicate which cities are excluded. The
figures represent reports from cooperating establishments and cover
both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3, with the exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries.
Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly
because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the
supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary
tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more according to the 1930 census of population.
TABLE 7.—Comparison of Employment
and Pay
Rolls in Identical Establishments
in
September and October 1938, by Principal Metropolitan Areas
Metropolitan area
Number of
establishments,
October
1938
Number
on pay
roll
October
New York, N. Y.L..
Chicago, 111.3. _.
Philadelphia, Pa.3___
Detroit, Mich
14,814
4. 549
2.183
1, 070
3,051
671, 762
410,410
194,378
270,181
150, 007
Los Angeles, Califs-
1. 723
1, 494
1, 188
1, 574
1, 211
118.102
117,085
98, 049
108, 539
108, 212
1,691
895
1.159
79, 784
72, 740
92,045
Cleveland, Ohio
St. Louis, Mo_
Baltimore, Md5
Boston, Mass.
Pittsburgh, Pa
San Francisco, Calif.1
Buffalo, N. Y
Milwaukee, Wis
Percentage
change
from
September
+2.7
+2.0
+1.0
+17. 7
+O
+2.1
+.5
+ 1.9
+2.7
+3.5
-2.8
+5.0
-.3
A m o u n t of
p a y roll
(1 week)
October
Percentage
change
from
September
$18,520,472
11.213,099
o, 233,004
9, 080, 752
4,370,377
+1.7
+2.7
+ 1-7
+21.4
+1.3
3, 169,953
2, 794,483
2, 337,820
2,901,959
4, 295, 300
+5.6
+3.3
+5.1
+1.6
+8.4
2, 305, 111
2,035, 094
2, 450, 021
-.2
+7.1
+4.1
1 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., or Yonkers, N. Y.
2
Does not include Gary, Ind.
3 Does not include Camden, N. J.
* Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
' Figures relate to city of Boston only.
e Does not include Oakland, Calif.
:
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of
the Federal Government in September and October 1938 are given in
table 8.
24
TABLE 8.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the U. S. Government,
September and October 1938 »
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Item
Sep- 2
October tember
Entire service:
Total
Pay rolls
2
Percentage
change
$131,087,375
$131,931,961
-0.6
112, 023, 770
8,895, 663
-.8
+1.4
Percentage
change
October
September
869,885
870,859
-0.1
Regular appropriation. _
718,819
Emergency appropriation
(57,432
Force-account (regular and emergency)
- . - . 83, 634
719,162
66, 321
3
+1.7
()
112,051,67V)
9, 018, 869
85, 376
-2.0
10,016,827
10,112,528
-.9
118,188
118,036
+.1
20,908, 286
20, 970, 161
-.3
100, 882
12, 297
100.925
12,367
°.
18.183,689
1,924, 610
18, 280, 369
1,932,158
-.5
-.4
5,009
4,744
+5.6
799, 987
757, 634
+5.6
751, 697
752,823
-.1
110,179, 089
110,961,800
-.7
617,937
55,135
618, 237
53, 954
+2.2
93, 8(57,990
7, 094,259
94, 643, 401
0,963, 505
+ 1.9
78, 625
80, 632
-2.5
0, 216,840
9,354,894
-1.5
Inside the District of Columbia:
Total.Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Outside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
3
( )
-.8
1
Data include number of employees receiving pay during the last pay period of the month.
2 Revised.
* Less than Mo of 1 percent.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION
Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during October on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 9, by type of project.
TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Administration Funds, October 1938 *
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project
Maximum
number
employed a
Weekly
average
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
Number of
man-hours Average
earnings
worked
per hour
during
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds
All projects
Building construction
Naval vessels
Public roads 4
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control-_
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous..
See footnotes at end of table.
3 8, 249
7,914
$687,688
1,005, 740
$0.684
$632,110
516
398
440
380
5,003
1,386
642
62
1
52, 578
57, 285
327,877
192,895
50,086
6,817
150
51, 573
62,112
568,747
228,164
89,137
5,767
240
1.019
.922
.576
.845
.562
1.182
.625
45,993
18,795
280, 000
194,176
89,869
2,077
1,200
(5)
1,470
781
80
1
25
TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Administration Funds, October 1938 l—Continued
Wage earners
Type of project
Maximum
number
employed 2
Weekly
average
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
Number of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriation Act 1938 funds
All projects
__
Building construction
Electrification
_.
Reclamation
_._
River, harbor, and flood control..
Ship construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage..
_
Miscellaneous
Professional, technical, and clerical.
22,153
=
10,562
155
8,153
149
240
283
159
1,400
1,052
18,956
$2, 232,659
2,574,089
8,753
146
7,338
121
212
245
143
1,232
766
844,939
16, 257
1,119,538
10, 751
23,982
13, 598
9,515
92,962
101,117
1,026,307
17, 973
1,154,437
11, 752
30,662
24, 621
17,421
147,847
143,069
$0.867
$3,493, 200
.823
.905
.970
.915
.782
.552
.546
.629
.707
2, 271, 669
34,126
222, 996
53,643
205, 582
89, 430
14,923
473,474
127,357
Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act
funds
All projects •
9,441
8,004
$1,064,854
845,220
$1. 260
$1,351,868
Building construction fl.
Railroad construction..
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
4,724
49
814
2,512
1,342
4,090
49
623
2,049
1,193
647,747
195
30,941
270, 404
115,567
393,435
392
47, 512
236,947
166,934
1.646
.497
.651
1.141
773,529
0
42,692
427,857
107,790
Projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935, 1936,
and 1937 funds 7
All projects
8
Building construction *
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
___
River, harbor, and flood control..
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
_
67, 733
57,058
$5,866,208
6,876,044
$0.853
$11,070,224
43, 441
1,407
5, 023
1,302
250
7,302
8,959
49
36,461
1,227
4,300
1,161
231
5,707
7,869
42
3, 866, 592
107, 201
507, 964
129, 903
17,955
406, 081
820, 683
3,829
4, 233,410
147, 253
582, 590
171,871
29, 347
689,317
1,016, 738
5,518
.913
.728
.872
.756
.612
.589
.813
.694
6, 694, 740
357,377
674, 528
937, 590
18,488
673, 583
1,630,683
83, 235
Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works
Appropriation Act 1938 funds
All projects
_
Building construction
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
_
___
River, harbor, and flood control...
Streets and roads..
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
Administration
40, 397
31, 210
$2, 238,683
2,982,105
$0. 751
$9,104,944
978
138
339
9,334
5,718
257
18, 339
767
110
254
7,191
4,349
200
1, 278, 563
108. 308
5,031
26,625
479,449
327, 008
13, 699
1,606,244
83,303
8,808
26,822
765,372
474,110
17,446
.796
1.300
.571
.993
. 626
.690
.785
4,471,693
908, 241
6,192
200,412
1, 319, 675
1, 988, 838
209, 893
i Data are for the month ending on the loth,
> Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
s Includes weekly average for public roads.
*5 Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.
8 Includes data for workers engaged in construction of underground tunnel, who because of the additional
risk
involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid for building construction.
7
These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed by The Works Program.
1
Includes a maximum of 868 and an average of 634 employees working on low-cost housing projects financed
from E. R. A. A. 1935 funds who were paid $56,134 for 67,186 man-hours of labor. Material orders in the
amount of $37,148 were placed for these projects. These data were also included in separate tables covering
projects financed from The Works Program.
26
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 and title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of
1936. The First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, reappropriated unobligated funds originally made available under the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 and authorized the use of $300,€00,000 from funds on hand or received from the sale of securities.
The Public Works Administration was continued until July 1, 1939,
by the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, and the
Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 further
continued the program to June 30, 1941.
Federal construction projects for which data are included in table 9
are financed by allotments made by the Public W7orks Administration
to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government
from funds provided under the National Industrial Recovery Act.
The major portion of the low-cost housing program now under way,
however, is financed by funds provided under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935. Federal construction projects are also
financed by allotments from funds provided under the Public Works
Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. The wwk is performed
either by commercial firms which have been awarded contracts, or by
day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public
Works Administration from funds available under either the National
Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of
1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the Public Works
Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. Most of the allotments have been
made to the States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally
allotments have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects
for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated
under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total
labor and material cost. When funds provided under the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation
Act of 1936, the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937,
or the Public W7orks i\dministration Appropriation Act of 1938 are
used to finance a non-Federal project, as much as 45 percent of the
total cost may be furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55
percent or more of the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify such, action, the Public Works Administration may
provide the grantee with the additional funds by means of a loan.
Allotments to commercial enterprises are made only as loans. All
loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges
and have a definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to
the public. In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges
the scope of the activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial shops.
THE WORKS PROGRAM
By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of work to be carried out by 61 units of
the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by
title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, and was further continued by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1937. The
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938 extended this program to
June 30, 1939. Employment created by this program includes
employment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated
by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are those
conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments from
The Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration are those projects conducted under the supervision of
the Works Progress Administration with the cooperation of States,
cities, or counties.
A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed by The Works Program in October is shown in table
10, by type of project.
28
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Works Program.
October 1938 *
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project
Number of
Monthly
man-hours
pay-roll
disworked
Maximum Week- bursements
during
number
ly avmonth
employed erage
Average
earnings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
$0.473
$1,423,139
Federal projects
All projects
Building construction
Electrification
Forestry 3
Grade-crossing elimination *
Hydroelectric power plants *___
Plant, crop, and livestock conservationsProfessional, technical, and clerical
Public roads *
_
_._
Reclamation.
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage.
Miscellaneous
__
2 120,754 110,996
$fl, 055, 209
12, 788,922
41,606 38,925
331
213
10,644
9,522
3,336
2, 576
1,659
1.332
12,650 11,354
3,732
3, 546
1,908
1,607
30,181 29,078
2,367
1,801
2, 680 2,304
],058
930
8,602
7,808
2,246, 735
14, 597
4,102,059
34,188
1,007,020
303,932
181,404
1, 494,846
404,755
188,223
462,
793
184,160
44,023
614, 290
260,139
98, 579
1,601,369
135, 751
76,155
35,556
281,062
3,555,096
239,114
237,971
101,869
878,445
.548
.427
.434
. 606
.243
.411
.643
. 524
.450
.568
.320
.349
.320
373,162
27, 930
43,655
236, 444
19,328
59,377
11,894
53, 230
429,013
80,042
39, 523
23,571
25,970
P. \V. A. projects financed from Emergency Relief8 Appropriation
Act funds of 1935, 1936, and 1937
All projects
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
__.
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
_
Miscellaneous
_
2 67,733 57,058
$5,866, 208
6,876,044
43,441 36,461
1,407
1,227
5,023
4,360
1,302
1,161
250
231
7,302 5,707
8,959
7,869
49
42
3,866,592
107,201
507,964
129,903
17,955
406,081
826,683
3,829
4,233, 410
147,253
582,590
171,871
29,347
689,317
1,016,738
5, 518
$0,853 $11,070,224
.913
.728
.872
. 756
.612
.589
.813
.694
6,694,740
357,377
674,528
937,590
18,488
673,583
1,630,683
83,235
Projects operated by Works Progress Administration 7
All projects
"3,245,271
$170,347,326 341,028,189
$0,500
i Unless otherwise noted data are for the month ending on the 15th.
• Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 The data for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, under plant, crop, and livestock conservation, and the Bureau of Forest Service, under forestry, are for the calendar month.
< These data are for projects under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
• These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.
• Includes data for 66,865 employees working on non-Federal projects and 868 employees working on lowcost housing projects. These data are included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction
of 7the Public Works Administration.
Data are for the calendar month. Not available by type of project.
s Represents number of names on pay roll for week ending October 29, 1938.
• Data on a monthly basis are not available.
Table 11 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
for the third quarter of 1938 on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration, by type of project.
29
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Works Progress
Administration, by Type of Project, for the Third Quarter of 1938
[Subject to revision]
Number
employed
Type of project
All projects
Conservation
...
Highway, road, and street.
Professional, technical, and clerical
Public: buildings 2
Publicly owned or operated utilities
Recreational facilities 3
Sanitation and health. _
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc
Transportation
Not elsewhere classified
1 Data are for the week ending Sept. 24, 1938.
2
Separate data for housing projects are not available
of Average
Pay-roll dis- Number
earnings
bursements man-hours
worked
per hour
3. 110, 171 $479, 201. 489
18,591,002
1.21, 280
1, -17(5. 125 194,041,045
324.711
GO, 845, 492
278, 878
49, 573, 425
251,127
48, 080, 279
247, 493
44, 981, 8G7
74,903
9, 683,010
258, 942
33, 882,002
50, 918
8,108,159
31, 791
4.875.142
}
952.994, 427
$0. 503
37,44.2,190
429, 706.110
104, 626, 879
72, 325, 239
97,121,924
75, 249, 208
23,122. 605
89,960, 282
13, 332, 605
10. 107. 205
. 497
.453
.039
.085
.495
.598
.419
.377
.608
.482
Exclusive of buildings.
Table 12 shows the employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on work projects of the National Youth Administration from the beginning of the program in January 1936 to October 1938, inclusive.
Similar data for Student Aid are shown from September 1935, the
starting date, to September 1938, inclusive.
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects
Financed by The Works Program from the Beginning of Program through October
1938 l
[Subject to revision]
Year and month
Number J
of persons
employed!
Pay-roll
disbursements
Number of
man-hours
worked
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
Work projects
January 1936 to October 1938, inclusive.
January to December 1936
January to December 1037.
January 1938
._
February ]938
March 193S
April 1938. _
May 1938
June 193S__
.
July 1938
August 1938
September 1933
October IiW8__
Mk 797
151, 10<i
l :>s, Ov;
1,"2, 134
,
213.972
221,307
220. 750
220,0Wi
!?*M. 132.310
28, 883, 589
32,001,300
2,549,914
2. 007, 220
2,751,797
2, 700, 533
2,907. 134
3. 437, 299
3(Wf 14
3. SSS. 040
3,927,491
I
4.012/209
254,701,500
75, 827, 799
87, 092,351
6.890, 608
7, 288, 377
7,610,300
7, 073. 809
8,280,913
9, 519,103
10, 332,902
11, 125,31!
11.421,877
11.02S, 970
$0. 370 2 $9, 017. 070
.3S1
.374
.370
. 300
. 302
. 300
. 358
.301
. 357
. 350
. 341
. 3 If5 i.
Student Aid
September 1935 to September 1938, inclusive
September to December 1935
January to December 1930
J iiuiwry to J)eeem ber 1937
January 1938
February 1IHS.
..
March 1.938
April 193S.-_
May 1938
June H»38i
July 1938
August 1938
September 1938
1
2
307, 544
319,707
328,037
333, 002
320, 044
217,447
1, 780
44. R'tf
$09,213,875 j 232. 00?. 405
19, o r j . l.i7(>
0, 303, ;..0;>
25, SSS, 551)
S.\4'.M.t!.ir»
2i, 18*. 0M
8.*i 02S.
M7
2,O0l.7S:;
0, V;h0, 595
2, 102. .")()!'•
7,^1.382
2,217,712
7/^1,022
2, 250, 500
7,920,912
2, 393, 532
8.355,521
5,123,792
1,53S,947
5, 090
$0. 297
. 324
.303
.20!
2*7
'. 2»5
.280
. 300
31,871
Data are for a calendar month.
Data on a monthly basis are not available. This total represents expenditures through June 30, 1938,
and
includes rentals and services and some sponsors' contributions.
3
No
expenditures for materials on this type of project.
4
Student Aid program was not active.
30
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS
The Civilian Conservation Corps was created by an act of Congress
approved June 28, 1937, and succeeded the Emergency Conservation
Work which had been set up in April 1933.
Employment and pay-roll data for the Civilian Conservation Corps
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled
personnel is $30 per month. Assistant leaders, not to exceed 10 percent
of the total number of enrollees, may receive up to $36 per month, and
leaders, not to exceed 6 percent, may receive up to $45 per month.
Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
September and October 1938 are presented in table 13.
TABLE 13. -Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, September
and October 1938 l
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees
Amount of pay rolls
Group
October
September
October
September
All groups
324,747
317,252
$14,602,688
$14,467,301
Enrolled personnel 2
Reserve8 officers
Nurses
Educational advisers 3
Supervisory and technical 3 _
286,908
o. 065
282
1,566
30,926
279,110
5,068
283
1. 566
31,225
8,934. 249
1,312,615
29,773
265,807
4,060,244
8,697,163
1,363,251
29,879
261,607
4,115,401
i Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amount of pay rolls are for
the entire month.
» October data include 3,902 enrollees and pay roll of $87,646 outside continental United States; in September
the3 corresponding figures were 3,960 enrollees and $90,766.
Included in executive service, table 8.
CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION
FINANCE CORPORATION
Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in October are presented in table 14, by type of project.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay
Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, October 1938 l
[Subject to revision]
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month
Maximum
number of
wage earners 2
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
_.
3,305
$388,027
528,529
$0. 734
Building construction 3
Water and sewerage
1,508
1,797
113,485
274, 542
223,004
305, 525
. 509
.899
Type of project
All projects
1
8
3
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed during month
168,435
293,904
Data are for the month ending on tne 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
Includes 283 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $30,771; 29,380 man-hours worked, and material orders
placed of $32,856 on projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co.
31
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL
APPROPRIATIONS
When a construction contract is awarded or force-account work i&
started by a department or agency of the Federal Government, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms supplied
by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount
of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Blanks are
then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Government agency
doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show
the number of men on pay rolls, and the amounts disbursed for pay,
the number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of
the different types of materials for which orders were placed during
the month.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during October are given in table 15, by type of project.
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, October 1938 l
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
earners
Type of project
All projects
Building construction
Electrification:
Rural Electrification
Administration projects 4
Other than Rural Electrification Administration projects
Forestry
_
-Heavy engineering—_
Public roads «
Reclamation
_
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments,
etc
-._
Locks and dams
_
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous..
Maximum
number
employed 8
s 259,402
Weekly
average
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
Number of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
per hour
during
month
245,483 $24, 649, 559
16, 654
13,799
6,183
5,119
$0.693
1,512,459
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
$34,434, 698
. 966
2,
2, 000,335
351, 734
669,144
.526
7, 883
10, 614
17,280
8,921, 074
1,935, 599
7,986
19,557
19,373
15,165,421
2, 518, 370
.543
.892
17,009
100
110
129
113,324
15,900
769
5,20G
9,331
6,197
14, 868, 457
2,020,133
43,200
10, 248
37, 864
9,476
4, 239,833
1,119, 764
6, 505, 300
1,514,113
.652
.740
3,159,664
1, 717, 753
43,437
3,950
3,749
304
941
41.970
3', 188
3,437
259
5, 880, 514
346,752
219, 516
23,704
62, 833
6,591, 014
422,708
437, 601
32, 605
98, 755
.820
.502
.727
.636
5, 653,003
1,974,536
386,159
71, 501
131, 730
148
114
141
' Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
* Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
* Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
* Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
«Not available, weekly average included in total for all projects.
STATE-ROADS PROJECTS
A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or
32
local funds in October 1938, compared with September 1938, and
October 1937, is presented in table 16.
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance
Roads, October 1938, September 1938, and October 1937 l
of State
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees 2
Item
Pay-roll disbursements
October
1938
September 1938
Total
220,820
205, 248
187,325 $14,496,340 $13,951,370
New roads
Maintenance
35,426
185,394
32,054
173,194
27, 280
160,045
.
October
1937
October
1938
September
1938
2, 204, 290 2,151, 590
12, 292,050 11, 799, 780
October
1937
$12,134,860
1, 730, 250
10,404,610
1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th and are for projects financed wholly from State or local funds.
Average number working during month.
2
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@FedFRASER