Full text of Employment and Payrolls : October 1936

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Serial No. R . 478

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner

Employment and Pay Rolls
+

October 1936

Prepared by

Division of Employment Statistics
. L e w is

E.

T a lb e r t,

Chief

and

Division of Construction and Public Employment




H e rm a n B. B yer,

Chief

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936




CONTENTS
Page

S u m m ary of em p lo ym en t reports for October 1 9 3 6 :
A d ju stm en t of indexes of factory em p loym en t and p a y rolls to 1933
Census of M an u factu res to ta ls ____________________________________________

1

Indu strial and business e m p lo y m e n t_______________________________________

2

Public e m p lo y m e n t____________________________________________________________

6

D etailed reports for O ctober 1 9 3 6 :
Indu strial and business e m p lo y m e n t_______________________________________

8

Public e m p lo y m e n t____________________________________________________________

22

Tables
T

able

1 .— A l l m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d a n d n o n m a n u f a c t u r ­
in g in d u s t r ie s — e m p lo y m e n t , p a y r o lls , a n d w e e k ly e a r n in g s ,

O ctober 1 9 3 6 _______________________________________________________
T

able

O ctober 1 9 3 6 _______________________________________________________
T a b le

3 .— M anu factu rin g

T

4 .— M an ufactu rin g industries— October 1936 e m p loym en t and p a y ­

and

nonm anufacturing

8

industries— em p lo y­

m e n t, p a y rolls, hours, and earnings, O ctober 1 9 3 6 ____________
able

6

2 .— Federal em p lo ym en t and p ay rolls— sum m ary, Septem ber and

10

roll indexes before ad ju stm ent to 1933 Census of M a n u fa c­
tures to ta ls------------------------ -------------- ----------------------------------------------T

able

14

5 . — A ll m anufacturing industries com bined— general indexes of

em p lo ym en t and p a y rolls, January 1919 to O ctober 1936,
T

able

ad ju sted to 1933 C ensus of M anu facturers to ta ls ___________
6 .— Selected nonm anufacturing industries— indexes of em p lo y­

T

able

7 . — Geographic divisions and States— com parison of em p loym en t

m en t and p a y rolls, January 1935 to O ctober 1 9 3 6 ____________

16
18

and p a y rolls in identical establishm ents in Septem ber and
October 1 9 3 6 _______________________________________________________
T

able

8 .— Principal cities— com parison of em p loym en t and p a y rolls in

T

able

9 . — E xecu tive service o f the Federal G overnm ent— em p loym ent

T

able

identical establishm ents in Septem ber and O ctober 1 9 3 6 ___
in O ctober 1935 and Septem ber and O ctober 1 9 3 6 __________
10.— E xecutive

service

of

the

Federal

20
22
23

G overnm ent— m on th ly

record of em p lo ym en t from October 1935 to O ctober 1936,
inclusive____________________________________________________________
T

able

11.— Construction projects financed b y
tration

funds— em ploym ent,

p ay

Public W ork s
rolls,

and

m an-hours

w orked, October 1936, b y type of p roject_____________________
T

able

1 2 .— Construction

projects financed b y

tration funds— sum m ary

Public W ork s

24

A dm inis­
24

A dm inis­

of em ploym ent, p a y rolls, and

m an-hours worked, from July 1933 to October 1936, in­
clusive_______________________________________________________________




< n i)

26

IV
Page
T

able

13.— Projects

financed

by

The

W o rk s

Program — e m p lo ym en t,

p ay rolls, and m an -hou rs w orked, O ctober 1936, b y ty p e
of p ro je ct____________________________________________________________
T

able

14.— Projects

financed

by

The

W o rk s

27

Program — e m p lo y m e n t,

p a y rolls, and m an-hours w orked from the beginning of the
program in July 1935 to O ctober 1936, in clu sive_____________
T

able

15.— E m ergen cy conservation w ork— em p loym en t and p a y rolls,

T

able

1 6 . — E m ergen cy

T

able

17.— Construction

Septem ber and O ctober 1 9 3 6 ____________________________________

p rojects

financed

by

the

able

29

R econstruction

Corporation— em p lo ym en t, p a y rolls, and m a n -

hours worked, O ctober 1936, b y ty p e of p ro je c t_____________
T

29

conservation w ork— e m p lo ym en t and p a y rolls

from O ctober 1935 to O ctober 1936, in clu sive________________
Finance

28

30

18.— Construction projects financed b y the R econstruction Finance
Corporation— su m m ary

of

em p lo ym en t,

pay

rolls,

and

m an-hours worked, from O ctober 1935 to O ctober 1936,
inclusive_____________________________________________________________
T

able

19.— Construction

p rojects financed from

appropriations— em p lo ym en t,

pay

rolls,

and

m an-hours

w orked, O ctober 1936, b y ty p e of p ro je ct_____________________
T

able

2 0 . — Construction

p rojects financed from

appropriations— e m p lo ym en t,

pay

able

31

regular governm ental
rolls,

and

m an-hours

w orked, from O ctober 1935 to O ctober 1936, in clu siv e____ _
T

30

regular governm ental

32

2 1 .— C onstruction and m aintenance of S tate roads— em p lo ym en t
and p ay-roll disbursem ents, from O ctober 1935 to O ctober
1936, in clu sive---------------------------------------------------------------------------------




32

EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Summary of Reports for October 1936
F URTHER gains in employment and pay rolls were shown in
October in the combined manufacturing and nonmanufacturing
industries surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. It is estimated
that 222,000 workers were returned to employment in these industries
between the middle of September and the middle of October and that
weekly pay rolls w~ere over $16,000,000 greater in October than in
September.
Class I railroads also added more employees to their pay rolls
according to a preliminary statement by the Interstate Commerce
Commission. The number added, exclusive of executives and officials
was 7,800.
Public-employment reports for October showed gains in employ­
ment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration and
in emergency conservation work (Civilian Conservation Corps).
Decreases in employment, on the other hand, occurred on construction
projects financed from funds provided through the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, on P. W . A. construction projects, and on
Federal projects under The Works Program. Employment on con­
struction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations
showed virtually no change.

Adjustment of Indexes of Factory Employment and Pay Rolls to
1933 Census of Manufactures Totals
It is the policy of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, adopted upon the
recommendation of the advisory committee to the Secretary of Labor,
appointed by the American Statistical Association, to keep its indexes
of employment and pay rolls adjusted to the trends shown by the
Census of Manufactures, the Census of Distribution, and other in­
dustrial censuses. The last revision, based on the Census of Manu­
factures for 1931, was released in 1934. In keeping with this policy
the Bureau has now completed the revision of its indexes of employ­
ment and pay rolls in manufacturing industries adjusted to the 1933
Census of Manufactures totals.
The present revision of the Bureau’s index shows that the declines
in factory employment and pay rolls in all manufacturing establish-




(1)

2

merits from 1931 to 1933, as revealed by the Census of Manufactures,
were not as great as those indicated in the monthly figures of the
particular manufacturing establishments reporting to the Bureau of
Labor Statistics in those years. When adjusted to the census totals,
the revised index of average employment in 1933 stands at 72.0 as
compared with the index heretofore published of 69.0. The revised
index of pay rolls for 1933 stands at 49.4 as compared with the old
index of 48.2. The base period used in constructing the indexes of
factory employment and pay rolls remains unchanged and is the
average for the 3 years 1923-25 as 100.
The adjustments of the indexes to the levels of employment and
pay rolls as shown by the Census of Manufactures for 1933 necessarily
raise the levels of the indexes in subsequent years by relatively the
same amount as the 1933 figures are raised. This revision has had
virtually no effect on the trend of the indexes of employment and pay
rolls for the years following 1933. The increase in employment be­
tween 1933 and October 1936 as indicated by the indexes before
revision was 33.5 percent and after revision 34.0 percent. Similarly,
the unadjusted pay-roll index showed an increase of 79.5 percent be­
tween 1933 and October 1936, whereas the revised series shows an
increase of 79.8 percent. Any necessary revisions of the indexes for
the period 1933 to 1935 must wait upon the publication of the data
of the Census of Manufactures for 1935.
A detailed description of the method used in revising the indexes,
which is fundamentally similar to that used in adjusting the indexes
from 1919 to 1931, is being prepared for publication, and this infor­
mation together with other relevant data will be available within a
short time. Upon request the Bureau of Labor Statistics will be glad
to furnish the revised indexes for each of the separate industries, the
several groups of industries and all manufacturing combined, by
months,, from January 1931 to September 1936, and the revised group
indexes and the general indexes prior to 1931.
Industrial and Business Employment

A contraseasonal gain of 1.3 percent in factory employment between
September and October indicated the additional employment of
over 100,000 workers, and the gain of 6.5 percent in factory pay rolls
represented an increase of more than $11,000,000 in the amount paid
out weekly to wage earners. The revised factory employment index
for October 1936 (96.5) was above the level of any month since
March 1930 and the revised October pay-roll index (88.8) exceeded
the level of any month since June 1930. Factory pay rolls normally
show a gain from September to October, pay rolls in September being
reduced to some extent by the observance of the Labor Day holiday.
The increase in the October pay rolls, however, was more pronounced



3
than the percentage gains shown in October in any of the preceding
17 years for which information is available.
The gains in factory employment and pay rolls were widespread,
70 of the 89 manufacturing industries surveyed reporting increased
employment over the month interval, and 77 industries reporting
increased pay rolls. Employment in the durable-goods group
showed a substantial gain (4.0 percent), the October employment index
(88.9) reaching the maximum recorded since June 1930. Although
employment in this group as a whole was still below predepression
levels, several of the industries were employing more workers than
in 1929. Employment in October in the blast furnace, steel works,
and rolling-mill industry exceeded the levels of any month since
April 1924. In the glass industry employment was above any month
since November 1926, and in the stamped and enamel ware industry
the October level was above that of any month over the preceding
13 years for which data are available. Brass-bronze-copper firms
employed the maximum number of workers since December 1929;
machine tools and furniture showed the highest levels since June 1930;
electrical machinery and shipbuilding, the highest since September
1930; locomotives, the highest since October 1930; and sawmills, the
highest since November 1930.
The October index of employment in the nondurable-goods group
(104.7) was 1.0 percent below the September level, sharp seasonal
declines in a number of food industries and smaller losses in the boot
and shoe, leather, and men’s clothing industries being primary factors
contributing to the group decrease. It will be noted that employment
in October 1936 in the nondurable-goods group was 4.7 percent above
the 3-year average of 1923-25 and, with the exception of September
^936, was higher than at any time since the latter months of 1929.
The most important gains over the month interval were in the
automobile industry, which registered increases of 21.9 percent in
employment and 31.4 percent in pay rolls. This was due largely to a
resumption of more normal operations in automobile plants following
recessions incident to changes in models. Other industries reporting
pronounced employment gains were beet sugar, 188.5 percent; hard­
ware, 13.6 percent; wirework, 9.8 percent; typewriters and parts,
9.8 percent; stamped and enamel ware, 7.6 percent; lighting equip­
ment, 7.1 percent; jewelry, 7.0 percent; silverware and plated ware,
7.0 percent; and cottonseed oil-cake-meal, 6.8 percent. Most of
these gains were seasonal.
Gains ranging from 5.1 to 6.6 percent were shown in cotton
small wares, men’s furnishings, rubber goods, tools, and locomotives.
Among the remaining industries reporting increases were such import­
ant industries as glass, 4.3 percent; electrical machinery apparatus
and supplies, 3.3 percent; dyeing and finishing, 3.2 percent; furniture,




4

2.3 percent; chemicals, 2.2 percent; cotton goods, 1.7 percent; foun­
dries and machine shops, 1.4 percent; newspapers and periodicals,
1.3 percent; book and job printing, 1.1 percent; knit goods, 1.0 percent;
sawmills, 1.0 percent; slaughtering and meat packing, 1.0 percent;
baking, 1.0 percent; and blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills,
0.6 percent.
Seasonal declines in employment from September to October were
shown in canning and preserving, 35.9 percent; ice cream, 15.0 per­
cent; millinery, 10.7 percent; tin cans, 8.0 percent; beverages, 9.0
percent; fur-felt hats, 4.8 percent; butter, 4.2 percent; and marblegranite-slate, 2.4 percent. Cane sugar refining showed a decrease of
3.0 percent in employment and among the remaining 10 industries
reporting declines, the decreases were 2.0 percent or less.
In addition to the gains shown by the manufacturing industries,
employment increases were reported for 10 of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries surveyed and pay-roll gains were shown in 13. Over
122.000 workers were returned to jobs in these 16 nonmanufacturing
industries, and nearly $5,000,000 were added to weekly wage disburse­
ments.
Seasonal influences in retail trade resulted in an employment gain
of 2.4 percent or 81,100 workers. The general merchandising group,
which is composed of department, variety, and general merchandise
stores and mail-order houses, reported a seasonal gain of 5.5 percent.
The wearing apparel group also reported a substantial seasonal
increase of 4.9 percent. Other branches of retail trade sharing in the
expansion were furniture (4.0 percent), lumber and building materials
(3.7 percent), jewelry (4.0 percent), and coal dealers (2.0 percent).
The group of retail food stores showed virtually no change from
September to October, employment increasing 0.1 percent. The
only important branches of retail trade in which recessions in employ­
ment were noted from September to October were drug stores (1.1
percent), and the automotive group (.06 percent). The latter
reflected decreased activity pending the introduction of new models.
A seasonal gain of 1.1 percent in wholesale trade indicated the
return of 16,100 workers to jobs. Among the more important lines in
which increases were shown were chemicals and drugs, dry goods and
apparel, hardware, machinery, paper and paper products, and petro­
leum products including bulk tank stations. The group of wholesale
grocery firms showed but little change while the group of assemblers
and country buyers of farm products, which includes packers and
shippers of fruits and vegetables, showed a seasonal expansion of 13.7
percent. A small decline of 0.5 percent in wholesale food-products
firms was the only employment loss in any important group.
Anthracite and bituminous-coal mines absorbed 16,600 additional
workers over the month interval, and the gains in the remaining non­



5

manufacturing industries which reported increases amounted to
16,100. In the 6 nonmanufacturing industries reporting losses, the
decreases amounted to 7,800.
According to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Com­
mission, class I railroads employed 1,097,401 workers (exclusive of
executives and officials) in October as compared with 1,089,581 in
September. This represented a gain of 0.7 percent over the month
interval. Corresponding pay-roll information for October was not
available at the time this report was prepared. The total compensa­
tion of all employees except executives and officials was $150,980,283
in September and $150,689,008 in August, a gain of 0.2 percent. The
Commission’s preliminary indexes of employment, based on the 3-year
average 1923-25 as 100, were 62.1 for October and 61.7 for September.
The final August index was 61.0.
Hours and earnings.— The average work week for factory wage
earners was 40.5 hours in October, the gain over the month interval
being 4.5 percent, and over the year interval, 6.0 percent. Average
hourly earnings in October (57.3 cents) were 0.9 percent higher than
in September and 1.3 percent higher than in October of last year.
Average weekly earnings ($23.46) were 5.1 percent higher than in
September and 7.7 percent higher than in October 1935.
Each of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour
data are compiled showed gains over the month interval in average
hours worked per week. The increases ranged from less than 0.1
percent in laundries to 28.0 percent in anthracite mining. In 8 of
these 14 industries higher average hourly earnings were reported.
Each of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed showed higher
weekly earnings, with the exception of insurance and crude-petroleum
producing.
Table 1 presents a summary of employment and pay-roll indexes
and average weekly earnings in October 1936 for all manufacturing
industries combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, and
for class I railroads, with percentage changes over the month and year
intervals except in the few industries for which certain items cannot
be computed. The indexes of employment and pay rolls for the man­
ufacturing industries are based on the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100,
and for the nonmanufacturing industries on the 12-month average
for 1929 as 100.

111971—36------ 2




Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1936
Pay roll

Employment

Industry

Index
Octo­
ber
1936

Percentage
change from—
Sep­
tember
1936

All manufacturing indus­
tries combined 1...............
Class I steam railroads2___
Goal mining:
Anthracite....................
Bituminous...................
Metalliferous mining..........
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining—...........................
Crude- petroleum produc­
ing....................................
Public utilities:
Telephone and tele­
graph.........................
Electric light and power
and manufactured gas.
Electric- railroad and
motor bus operation
and maintenance.......
Trade:
Wholesale.................... .
Retail...........................
General merchan­
dising- .................
Other than general
merchandising__
Hotels (year-round) 4..........
Laundries____ __________
Dyeing and cleaning.......... .
Brokerage.......................... .
Insurance........................... .
Building construction.........

Octo­
ber
1935

Index
Octo­
ber
1936

Average weekly earnings

Percentage
change from—

Aver­
age in
Octo­
ber

Percentage
change from—

Sep­
tember

Octo­

1936

1935

+ 6 .5
0>)

+ 16.4

(3)

!23. 42
(3)

+ 5 .1
(3)

+ 7 .7
(3)

28.30
24.68
26.47

+ 32.8
+ 7 .5
+ 5 .7

+11.6

ber

( /92825=
100)
96.5
62.1

+ 1 .3
+ .6

+ 8 .1
+ 9.1

(192825=
100)
188.8
(3)

(1929=
100)
49.9
81.1
64.2

+ 4 .7
+ 3 .8
+ 1 .7

—15.1
+ 9 .1
+ 24.4

(1929=
100)
48.5
79.2
53.7

+39.1
+11.5
+ 7 .5

- 1 3 .2
+13.4
+ 38.8

Sep­
tember

Octo­

1936

1935

ber

+ 2 .3
+ 3 .9

+ 9 .3

46.2

+ 3 .2

+ 26.4

21.19

+ 3 .8

+ 15 .9

73.6

- 1 .1

-1 .4

59.6

-1 .4

+2.8

29.95

- .3

+ 4 .1

73.8

+ .2

+ 5 .5

83.1

+ 5 .5

+ 11.0

30.09

+ 5 .2

+ 5 .2

94.0

+ .5

+ 7 .6

92.7

+ 1 .4

+ 9 .9

31.96

+ .9

+ 2 .2

54.6

73.1

+ .4

+ 2 .9

67.7

+ 1 .9

+ 5 .7

30.04

+ 1 .5

+ 2 .7

89.0
88.7

+ 1 .1
+ 2 .4

+ 3 .8
+ 5 .8

71.6
68.3

+ 1 .4
+ 2 .5

+ 7 .1

+8.1

28.91
20.73

+ .3
+ .1

+ 3 .2
+ 2 .1

103.9

+ 5 .5

+ 6 .9

87.2

+ 5 .3

+ 9 .3

17.43

-.1

+ 2 .2

84.7
85.4
87.6
86.5
(3)
(3)
<3)

+ 1 .4
+ 1 .5
- 2 .2
-.3
-.2
-.3
+ 2 .4

+ 5 .4
+ 4 .7
+ 6 .9
+ 7 .6
+ 16.4
+ .8
+ 25.7

64.4
69.6
75.3
66.7
(3)
(*>

+1.8

+ 7 .7
+8.2
+12. 2
+ 9 .1
+22.0
+ 3 .7
+ 43.2

23.55
14,13
16.09
19.17
37. 54
37. 44
28.35

+ .4
+1.6
+ .6
+ 1 .2
+ .3
- .4
+ 2 .5

+ 2 .1
--3 .4
+ 5 .0
+ 1 .4
+ 4 .8
—2.9
+ 14 .0

(3)

+ 3 .0
- 1 .7
+ .9
+ (8)
- .6
+ 4 .9

1 Revised and adjusted to Census of Manufactures totals for 1933.
1 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
* N ot available.
* Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be com puted.
1 Less than Ho of 1 percent.

Public Employment

In October 298,000 employees were working on construction
projects financed from Public Works Administration funds. Com­
pared with the previous month this was a decrease of 26,000. De­
creases in employment occurred on Federal and non-Federal projects
financed from funds provided by the National Industrial Recovery
Act and on non-Federal Public Works Administration projects
financed from funds released under the Emergency Relief Appropria­
tion Act of 1935. Total pay-roll disbursements amounted to $23,557.000 compared with $24,761,000 in September.
On projects financed from regular governmental appropriations,
156.000 workers were employed in October. This was virtually the
same as the number employed in September. Employment gains in
building construction, electrification, forestry, naval vessels, and



7
miscellaneous construction projects were offset by decreases in the
number employed on public roads, reclamation, river, harbor, and
flood control, streets and roads, and water and sewerage projects.
Pay-roll disbursements were $15,105,000, an increase of $1,011,000
over the the previous month.
The number of wage earners employed on construction projects
financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in October was
8,900, a decrease of 1,400 compared with September. Decreases in
employment occurred on all types of projects with the exception of
reclamation. Total pay-roll disbursements of $1,003,000 were $83,000
less than in September.
The number of wage earners employed on projects financed by The
Works Program increased in October. During the month 3,076,000
workers were engaged on this program, an increase of 75,000 com­
pared with September. Virtually all of this increase occurred on
that part of the program operated by the Works Progress Adminis­
tration and was accounted for wholly by an expansion of employ­
ment in the drought area. Over 2,638,000 workers were employed
on this part of the program. On Federal projects employment
totaled 438,000. Pay-roll disbursements totaled $154,678,000, an
increase of $4,712,000 over September.
In the regular agencies of the Federal Government, increases in
the number of employees were reported for the executive, legislative,
judicial, and military services. The level of employment in the
executive service increased less than 1 percent in October, compared
with September, but was over 5 percent higher than in October 1935.
Of the 841,000 employees in the executive service in October, 115,000
were working in the District of Columbia and 726,000 outside the
District. The most pronounced increases in employment in the
executive department of the Federal Government in October occurred
in the Department of Labor and the Post Office Department. There
was an appreciable decrease, on the other hand, in the number of
workers in the Department of the Interior, the Department of Com­
merce, and the Veterans7 Administration.
Employment in emergency conservation work (Civilian Conserva­
tion Corps) in October totaled 405,000, an increase of 84,000 compared
with September. Employment gains were shown for all groups of
employees with the exception of supervisory and technical workers.
This increase was the result of the usual upward swing in employment
experienced at the beginning of a new enlistment period. Total
pay-roll disbursements of $17,663,000 were $1,295,000 greater than
in September.
The number of workers employed on the construction and mainte­
nance of State roads was 184,000 in October compared with 186,000
in September. Of the total number of workers employed 150,000 or




8
81.0 percent were engaged in maintenance work. Total pay-roll
disbursements dropped from $11,806,000 in September to $11,567,000
in October.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for
October is presented in table 2.
Table 2.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, October 1936 1
[Preliminary figures]
Em ploym ent
Class
October
Federal service:
E xecu tiv e2................... - ..................Judicial_______ ___________________
Legislative_______________________
M ilitary___________________ ______
Construction projects:
Financed b y P. W . A .............. .......
Financed b y R . F. C ____________
Financed b y regular governmental
appropriations.............................
T h e W orks Program: 10
Federal projects__________________
Projects operated b y W . P. A -----Relief work: Emergency conservation
w ork __........................ ...........................

Per­
centage
September change

Pay roll
October

September

Per­
centage
change

3 841,301
1,987
5, 402
303,960

836,154
1,901
5,377
302,754

+ 0 .6
+ 4 .5
+ .5
+ .4

$131,026,372
501,803
1, 236,283
23,427, 278

4$129,259,379
498, 677
1,224, 211
23,077, 220

+ 1 .4
+. 6
+ 1 .0
+ 1 .5

5 297, 571
7 8,864

6 323, 226
8 10, 290

-8 .0
-1 3 .9

5 23, 556, 598
7 1,002, 648

6 24,761, 397
8 1, 085, 642

-4 .9
-7 .6

155, 989

155, 880

437,839
2, 637, 742

439,897
2, 560, 701

ii 404,826

i2 320, 821

(9)

15,104, 683

14,093, 907

+ 7 .2

-.5
+ 3 .0

21, 785, 609
132, 892, 258

22, 585,121
127, 380, 456

-3 .5
+ 4 .3

+26.2 ii 17,662, 545

12 16, 367,897

+ 7 .9

1 Includes data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds.
2 Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
3 Includes 437 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions
for October.
* Revised.
5 Includes 171,203 wage earners and $12,356,655 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from E . R .
A . A . 1935 funds.
6 Includes 184,518 wage earners and $12,794,471 pay roll covering P. W . A. projects financed from E . R . A . A .
1935 funds.
* Includes 139 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $11,128 on projects financed b y R F C Mortgage Co.
s Includes 285 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $13,214 on projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co.
9 Less than Mo of 1 percent.
10 Data covering P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds are not included in T he W orks
Program and.shown only under P. W . A.
11 Includes 40,744 employees and pay roll of $5,402,280 also included in executive service.
12 Includes 41,614 employees and pay roll of $5,849,059 also included in executive service.

Detailed Reports for October 1936
Industrial and Business Employment
O N TH LY reports on employment and pay rolls in industrial
and business industries are now available for the following
groups: 89 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing indus­
tries, including building construction; and class I steam railroads.
The reports for the first two of these groups— manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing— are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, and in virtually all industries the samples are large
enough to be entirely representative. The figures on class I steam
railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission and
are presented in the foregoing summary.

M




9
Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in October 1936
T h e indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in October 1936 are
shown in table 3. Percentage changes from September 1936 and
October 1935 are also given. The indexes for the manufacturing
industries have been revised and adjusted to the Census of Manu­
factures totals for 1933. October indexes continuing the former
series are presented in table 4 for comparison with the new series.




Table 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, Octobef 1936
Manufacturing {indexes are based on 3-year average 1 9 23 -25= 1 00 )

Industry

Average weekly
earnings 1

Pay rolls

Employment

Average hours worked
per week *

Average hourly
earnings 1

Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
change from—
change from—
change from—•
Index, change from— Index, change from—
October
October
October
October
October
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
Sep­
(revised Sep­ October (revised Sep­ October
Sep­
Sep­
October
October
series) tember
tember
series)2 tember
tember
tember October
1935
1935
1935
1935
1935
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936

All m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u stries..............................

96.5

+ 1 .3

+ 8 .1

88.8

+ 6 .5

+16.4

$23.46

+ 5 .1

+ 7 .7

40.5

+ 4 .5

+ 6 .0

Cents
57.3

+ 0 .9

+ 1 .3

D u ra b le g o o d s ...... .................................................
N o n d u r a b le g o o d s ...............................................

88.9
104.7

+ 4.0
- 1 .0

+12.5
+ 4 .3

85.0
93.7

+10.4
+ 2.4

+24.6
+ 8 .2

26.45
20.40

+ 6.1
+ 3 .5

+10.8
+ 3 .7

42.4
38.7

+ 5.6
+ 3 .2

+ 7 .9
+ 3 .3

61.8
53.0

+ .7
+ .7

+ 2.0
-.1

97.6
107.9
78.5
66.3

+ 1.7
+. 6
+ 2 .3
+ .7

+17.0
+19.1
+13.1
+22.8

92.1
101.8
86.6
49.6

+ 6 .8
+ 4 .2
+11.8
+10.7

+32.5
+36.8
+29.2
+57.0

26.75
28.06
25.53
20.38

+ 5.1
+ 3 .5
+ 9 .3
+ 9 .9

+13.3
+14.7
+14.2
+27.6

42.8
42.2
44.3
40.2

+ 5 .3
+ 3 .2
+ 9 .5
+ 8 .0

+11.3
+14.5
+13.4
+26.0

62.4
66.4
57.7
50.0

+ .2
+ .4
-.1
+ .9

+ 1 .1
+ .3
+ .4
+ .9

83.0
60.7
68.0
85.6

+ 4 .6
+2. 5
+13.6
+ 2 .0

+ 5 .5
+13.1
+ 7 .9
- 2 .3

78.3
51.8
73.1
66.0

+12.5
+ 9 .4
+30.1
+10.7

+19.4
+21.0
+21.9
+ 4 .7

23. 27
26. 35
24. 76
23.82

+ 7 .6
+ 6 .7
+14.5
+ 8 .6

+13.2
+ 6 .9
+12.8
+ 7 .5

44.6
42.1
44.6
41.4

+ 9 .0
+ 7 .7
+13.2
+ 8 .4

+ 12 .2
+ 3 .6
+12.3
+ 4 .3

52.3
62.7
55.8
57.5

-1 .4
-1 .0
+ 1 .4
+ .1

+ 1 .0
+ 3 .3
+• 7
+ 2 .9

73.0
117.0
74.9
102.7

+ 1 .3
+ 4 .3
-.6
-8 .0

+21.3
+13.0
+34.6
+ 3 .9

65.5
108.8
68.5
97.2

+12.0
+15.2
+ 3 .9
-1 3 .6

+31.8
+20= 7
+60.8
+ .9

26.07
26.89
25. 76
20.89

+ 10.6
+10.4
+ 4 .5
-6 .2

+ 8 .4
+ 6 .8
+19.2
- 2 .9

43.6
46.1
44.0
38.9

+ 9 .2
+ 10.4
+ 4 .0
-6 .3

+ 5 .8
+ 6 .8
+17.6
-3 .8

59.7
58.8
58.5
54.1

+ 1 .6
-.1
+ .4
+ .4

+ 2 .5
+ .5
+ 1.4
+ .6

89.7
154.3

+ 5 .4
+ 9 .8

+20.2
+22.0

94.1
146.3

+14.7
+32.1

+30. 5
+33.3

24.56
23.30

+ 8 .8
+20.3

+ 8 .8
+ 9 .3

46.5
42.9

+11.1
+ 20.4

+ 9 .3
+11.3

52.7
54.4

-2 .0
-.1

-.2
- 1 .5

109.5
95.3

+ 2.0
+ 2 .8

+14.5
-1 0 .7

102.5
101.1

+ 8 .4
+ 21.2

+23.9
-7 .7

25.92
24.63

+ 6 .2
+17.9

+ 8 .2
+ 3 .3

42.3
40.4

+ 5 .9
+ 17.7

+ 6 .0
+ 2 .8

61.2
61.4

+• 5
+ 1 .0

+ 2 .5
+ .7

118.8
99.6

+ 2 .2
+ 3.3

+11.7
+16.6

116.5
92.7

+11.3
+ 9 .9

+22.0
+24.6

30.22
25.69

+ 8 .9
+ 6 .4

+ 9 .2
+ 6 .9

42.9
40.9

+10.0
+ 5 .9

+ 6 .4
+ 4 .1

71.4
62.8

-.8
+ .5

+ 2.9
+ 3 .0

Durable goods
Ir o n a n d steel a n d th eir p r o d u c ts , n o t in ­
c lu d in g m a c h in e r y ........ .......................................
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m ills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets..........................
Cast-iron pipe______________________ __________
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut­
lery) and edge tools........................................... .
Forgings, iron and steel.........................................
Hardware.................................................................
Plumbers' supplies................................................
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings........................................................
Stoves-------------------- ---------------------------------------Structural and ornamental metalwork...............
Tin cans and other tinware......... ....................... .
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)................................................... .
W ire work___ _________ _______________________
M achinery, n o t including transportation
equipm ent.............. ..................................................
Agricultural implements------- ------------------------Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu­
lating machines.......... ....................... ..................
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.




Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products................
Machine tools............................. ............................
Radios and phonographs.......................................
Textile machinery and parts.............................. .
Typewriters and parts........ ............ ............. .......
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t ....................................
Aircraft_________ ____________________ _______
Autom obiles____________________ ____________
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad........................
Locom otives.............................................................
Shipbuilding............................... ...................... .
R a ilro a d repair s h o p s ..................................... .........
Electric railroad.......................................................
Steam railroad______________________ _________
N o n fe r r o u s m e ta ls a n d th eir p r o d u c ts .............
A luminum manufactures— ................................
Brass, bronze, and copper products....... .......... .
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices.
Jewelry................................ ...................................
Lighting equipm ent_________ ________________
Silverware and plated ware....... .............. ............
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zin c-.
Stamped and enameled ware________ _________
L u m b e r a n d allied p r o d u c ts ....... ...........................
F urnitu re.......... - ............................................... .
Lum ber:
M illw ork________________________________
Sawmills...... ....................................................
S to n e , cla y , a n d glass p r o d u c t s - ...........................
Brick, tile, and terra cotta.................. .................
Cement...... ...............................................................
Glass_____________ ___________________________
Marble, granite, slate, and other products........
Pottery.....................................................................

111.8
95.6
126.1
218.3
73.3
133.1
101.8
509.9
110.0
61.3
39.5
102.7
60.4
63.4
60.2
108.3
117.2
111.3
117.7
101.9
90.9
71.8
79.1
154.3
69.2
86.9

-.3
+ 1 .4
+ 1 .6
+ .9
+• 7
+ 9 .8
+16.9
+ 2.1
+21.9
+ 2 .4
+ 5.1
+ .3
+ 1 .9
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .9
+ 5 .2
+ 5.1
+ 3 .9
+ 4 .2
+ 7 .0
+ 7.1
+ 7 .0
+ 1 .5
+ 7 .6
+ 1 .5
+ 2 .3

+ 6 .2
+20.5
+21.0
- 5 .4
+14.9
+18.1
+9.6
+21.2
+ 3.4
+79.2
+73.2
+25.9
+13.7
+ 3.9
+14.6
+10.8
+15.7
+12.8
+13.1
+ 7.3
+14.1
+ 1 .6
+ 6.3
+11.0
+ 7.3
+12.8

99.1
90.2
122.4
177.9
66.3
128.9
95.4
372.0
101.5
62.8
27.0
103.2
63.9
63.5
64.0
99.7
110.6
102.9
116.1
84.1
82.8
68.4
67.8
154.4
63.5
76.9

+ 8 .4
+10.6
+ 6 .1
+32.6
+10.1
+30.1
+10.5
+• 2
+ 4 .6
+19.8
+14.6
+30.1
+25.7 +22.5
+ 7 .4
+14.3
+31.4 +16.0
+13.3 +111.6
+ 4 .7 +108. 0
+ 3 .8
+37.3
+ 7 .9 +24.6
+ 3 .7
+ 5 .9
+ 8 .3
+26.0
+13.3 + 21.4
+11.8 +24.8
+ 8 .1
+24.0
+11.1 + 19.0
+16.4 +14.3
+10.7 +19.3
+24.4 +17.1
+ 5 .9
+22.3
+25.5 +22.5
+ 5 .3
+16.7
+ 8 .1
+23.3

27. 55
26.19
29.24
21. 55
24. 38
25.85
29.69
26. 83
30. 40
25. 25
26. 82
27. 80
30.19
28.26
30.49
24.83
24. 59
26. 40
23.15
24.83
23. 26
26. 63
25. 23
22. 66
20.74
20.91

+ 8 .8
+ 4 .6
+ 8 .3
+ 9 .5
+ 3 .9
+ 4 .4
+ 7 .6
+ 5 .1
+ 7 .8
+10.7
-.4
+ 3 .5
+ 6 .0
+ 2 .2
+ 6 .3
+ 7 .7
+ 6 .4
+ 4 .1
+ 6 .6
+ 8 .8
+ 3 .3
+16.2
+ 4 .4
+16.6
+ 3 .8
+ 5 .8

+ 4 .2
+10.0
+ 7 .4
+ 5 .8
+ 4 .7
+10.1
+11.7
-5 .7
+12.2
+ 17.9
+19.9
+ 8 .8
+ 9 .5
+ 1 .9
+10.1
+ 9 .6
+ 7 .9
+10.1
+ 5 .4
+ 6 .5
+ 4 .3
+15.0
+ 15.3
+ 10.5
+ 8 .9
+ 9 .4

40.0
43.4
45.8
40.1
40.9
45.8
39.8
43.1
40.1
40.2
42.3
36.0
44.0
44.0
44.0
43.8
42.4
43.4
46.0
45.0
43.1
46.2
41.9
44.0
44.1
46.1

+ 8 .3
+ 4 .6
+ 8 .3
+ 5 .5
+ 4 .2
+ 5 .8
+ 7 .8
+ 3 .9
+ 8 .4
+ 9 .5
+. 6
+ 3 .6
+ 6 .6
+ 2 .0
+ 7 .0
+ 6 .6
+ 4 .8
+ 3 .7
+ 7 .2
+ 6 .3
+ 3 .8
+18.4
+ 2 .0
+12.9
+ 3 .2
+ 5 .0

+ 3 .4
+ 8 .8
+ 5 .6
- 1 .4
+ 7 .5
+13.6
+ 9 .5
+. 5
+ 10.0
+11.1
+17.4
+ 7 .6
+ 7 .7
-.9
+ 8 .8
+ 5 .9
+ 1 .0
+ 4 .9
+ 2 .7
+ 2 .9
+ 4 .5
+20.9
+ 6 .4
+ 6 .4
+ 5 .1
+ 6 .8

68.9
60.0
63.8
54.0
59.7
56.2
74.7
63.0
76.0
62.8
63.4
77.3
69.1
62.8
69.6
56.3
58.1
60.7
50.1
54.4
54.1
57.5
60.1
52.0
47.1
45.6

+ .5
+• 1
+ 00
+ 4 .0
- .1
+ .9
+ .1
+ .6
-.5
+ 1 .1
- 1 .0
+ .8
- .5
+ .4
-.5
+ .9
+ 1 .5
+ .4
-.8
+ .1
-.7
-2 .4
+ 2 .3
+ 4 .2
+ .3
+ .8

+ 1 .0
+ 1 .6
+ 1 .7
+ 7 .7
- 2 .8
-.3
+ 1 .9
-.5
+ 2 .7
+ 6 .2
+ 1 .9
+ 1 .7
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .3
+ 3 .8
+ 6 .1
+ 4 .8
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .5
-. 1
-4 .6
+ 8 .5
+ 4 .4
+ 1 .5
+ 2 .8

53.4
52.4
69.1
49.6
65.5
103.6
44.3
77.1

+ 1 .5
+ 1 .0
+ 1 .3
-1 .1
+ .6
+ 4 .3
- 2 .4
+ 1 .7

+12.2
+ 3.4
+11.6
+20.1
+18.0
+ 4 .2
+23.7
+7.4

49.8
47.1
62.5
41.3
62.0
103.0
38.1
66.1

+ 7 .0
+ 2 .8
+ 7 .4
+ 4 .8
+ 1 .6
+13.0
+ 1 .0
+ 7 .4

+23.9
+10.5
+26.3
+37.6
+42.9
+15.1
+40.7
+19.4

21. 63
20,31
22.95
20. 03
23. 54
24. 00
25.42
23.02

+ 5 .5
+ 1 .8
+ 6 .0
+ 6 .0
+ 1 .0
+ 8 .3
+ 3 .5
+ 5 .6

+10.4
+ 7 .0
+13.0
+14.8
+20.8
+ 10.5
+14.0
+ 11.2

45.8
42.6
41.0
43.9
40.3
38.8
40.6
42.4

+ 5 .3
+ 1 .6
+ 5 .2
+ 3 .8
+ 1 .6
+ 8 .5
+ 5 .1
+ 4 .4

+ 8 .4
+ 5 .5
+10.1
+13.7
+20.3
+ 4 .2
+15.8
+10.1

47.3
47.9
56.3
45.4
58.4
61.9
62.9
55.7

+• 1
+ 00
+. 1
+ 1 .5
-.5
-.4
-1 .5
-.1

+ 1 .9
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .4
-.3
+ 1 .0
+ 5 .9
-.3
+ 1 .1

104.3
97.1
93.4
97.6
101.6
114.8
83.3
121.3
81.5
78.5

+ .9
+ 1 .4
+ 3 .5
+ 1 .7
+ 5 .2
+ 3 .2
-4 .8
+ 1 .0
-(» )
+ .7

+ 3.1
+ 2.6
+ 7.0
+13.0
+ 8.5
- 1 .5
- 4 .9
+ 3 .2
-1 0 .5
-1 2 .1

88.5
85.1
89.8
86.5
99.8
97.7
60.9
124.2
67.0
60.4

+ 5 .5
+ 5 .7
+ 8 .3
+ 6 .2
+12.9
+ 4 .9
-2 0 .1
+ 6 .1
+ 3 .9
+ 9 .0

+ 2 .9
+ 3 .7
+26.1
+17.4
+15.6
+ 5 .2
-4 .9
+ 2 .8
-1 0 .7
-1 5 .8

16.94
16. 51
22. 75
14.08
18.10
20. 60
19.82
17.85
16.04
17. 73

+ 4 .7
+ 4 .3
+ 4 .6
+ 4 .5
+ 7 .4
+ 1 .7
-1 6 .1
+ 5 .0
+ 3 .9
+ 8 .2

-.1
+ .9
+ 17.6
+ 4 .0
+ 6 .7
+ 6 .5
+ ( 3)
-.5
-.4
-4 .2

36.8
38.1
40.7
38.3
40.5
40.4
27.8
38.1
38.1
36.0

+ 4 .8
+ 4 .2
+ 5 .1
+ 3 .7
+ 7 .5
+ 1 .5
-2 2 .1
+ 4 .7
+ 5 .0
+ 7 .9

+ 3 .1
+ 3 .4
+18.5
+ 5 .0
+ 7 .5
+10.9
+ .5
+. 7
+ 4 .2
- 4 .4

46.6
43.5
56.0
36.6
44.6
50.5
70.2
47.8
42.0
49.4

+. 6
+ .4
-.5
+ .9
+ .2
+. 4
+3. 5
+ .3
- 1 .0
+ .4

- 2 .7
-2 .2
- 1 .4
-.6
-0 0
-4 .2
+ 1 .2
-.8
- 4 .3
+ .1

Nondurable goods
Textiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts .....................................
Fabrics......................................................................
Carpets and rugs........... .................................
Cotton goods— ................................................
Cotton small wares— ........ ............................
D yeing and finishing textiles............. ..........
Hats, fur-felt..................................... ...............
K nit goods........................................................
Silk and rayon goods.....................................
W oolen and worsted goods............................

See footnotes at end of table.




Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, October 1936— Continued
Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25 = 1 0 0 )
Employment

Industry

Percentage
Index, change from—
October
1936
Sep­
(revised tember October
1935
series)
1936

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Average hours worked
per week

Average hourly
earnings

Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index, change from—
change from—
change from—
change from—
October
October
October
October
1936
1936
1936
1936
Sep­
Sep­
Sep­
Sep­ October
(revised tember October
tember October
tember October
tember
1935
1935
1935
1935
series)
1936
1936
1936
1936

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textiles and their products— Continued.
Wearing apparel_____________________________
Clothing, men’s____ ______________________
Clothing, women’s_______________ ______
Corsets and allied garments_______ ______
M en’s furnishings______________ ________
M illinery_________________ _____________
Shirts and collars______ _________ _______
Leather and Its m anufactures_______________
Boots and shoes_____ _ ____ __ ___________
Leather___ _________________________________
Food and kindred products_________________
Baking_____ ______________________________
Beverages_______ _____________________________
B utter___ ____________ ______________________
Canning and preserving_________________ ____
Confectionery____ _______________ __________
Flour____ __________________________________
Ice cream__________________________________
Slaughtering and meat packing_______________
Sugar, beet___________________________________
Sugar refining, cane________________ _________
Tobacco m anufactures______ __________
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff..........
Cigars and cigarettes_________ _______________
Paper and printing__________________________
Boxes, paper. _______________________ _______
Paper and pulp................... ....................................
Printing and publishing:
Book and jo b _____________________________
Newspapers and periodicals................... .......




-0 .1
118.3
108.0
- 1 .1
163.3
+ .3
+ 1 .7
89.6
138.3
+ 5 .2
56.6 -1 0 . 7
123.5
+ 2.4
92.8
—1.4
92.9
- 1 .6
97.2
-.2
124.2
- 8 .6
132.6
+ 1 .0
190.7
- 9 .0
82.7
—4.2
197.3 -3 5 .4
91.0
+ 3.2
76.8
-.1
65.8 -1 5 .0
91.8
+ 1.0
271.7 +188. 5
75.9
- 3 .0
64.5
+1.4
56.6
+ 2.6
65.4
+ 1.1
104.0
+ 1 .4
105. 5
+ 3.8
110.7
+ .3
94.3
104.8

+1.1
+ 1 .3

+ 4 .0
-.2
+ 5.9
-.2
+19.4
+ 1.6
+ 6.3
+ 2 .0
+ 2 .2
+ .8
+ 4 .9
+ 4 .4
+ 8.7
+ 1.3
+ 4.9
- 1 .2
- 2 .5
+ 2 .6
+13.1
- 1 .4
- 5 .7
+ 1,4
+ ( 3)
+ 1.5
+5 .1
+ 5.7
+ 2.9
+8.1
+ 3.9

+ 5 .2
91.5
82.1
+ 2.0
+ 8.7
119.1
90.5
+ 7.1
117.6 +20.7
38.3 -2 4 .7
115.9 +10.7
- 2 .2
74.0
- 4 .7
67.4
+ 3.7
99.0
- 4 .3
111.5
+ .9
119.0
198.9 -1 2 .4
- 3 .7
65.1
179.2 -3 0 .8
+ 6.0
86.3
+ 2.8
72.9
57.8 -1 4 .7
+ 4.3
88.7
201.9 +112. 7
61.4
- 4 .3
54,7
+2.6
- 1 .9
60.9
53.9
+ 3.3
96.5
+ 4 .9
+ 9.4
108.0
101.9
+ 7.0

+ 1 .7
-3 .0
+ 3 .2
+ 7 .4
+ 11.0
-3 .9
+ 9 .5
+ 3 .6
+ 3 .0
+ 4 .9
+10.2
+ 8 .8
+13.5
+ 7 .3
+15.6
+ 4 .5
-3 .4
+ 5 .9
+15.8
+ 2 .6
- 3 .1
+ 4 .2
+ 5.1
+ 4 .0
+10.8
+ 9 .2
+ 9 .9

$18.16
18.31
20.23
16.60
15. 52
19. 24
13.99
18.53
17. 33
22. 75
21.26
23.38
30.70
21.69
14. 69
17.19
23.99
26. 61
24.24
17.03
21.68
15.50
16.05
15. 39
26. 92
20.80
23.13

84.8
100.6

+11.4
+11.1

28.41
36.10

+3.8
+3.1

+ 5 .2
+ 3 .2
+ 8 .5
+ 5 .3
+14.7
-1 5 . 6
+ 8 .1
-.9
- 3 .2
+ 3 .9
+ 4 .8
- 3 .7
+ .5
+ 7.1
+ 2 .7
+ 2 .9
+• 3
+ 3 .3
-2 6 .3
-1 .3
+ 1 .2
- 4 .4
+2.1
+ 3 .5
+ 5 .4
+ 6 .7

- 2 .3
-2 .8
-2 .4
+ 7 .5
- 7 .1
- 5 .8
+ 2 .6
+ 1 .5
+ .5
+ 4.1
+ 5 .0
+ 4 .2
+ 4 .4
+ 5 .9
+10.2
+ 5 .8
-.8
+ 3 .2
+ 2 .5
+ 3 .8
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .8
+ 5 .2
+ 2 .5
+ 5 .5
+ 3 .3
+ 7 .0

+ 2 .6
+ 1 .8

+ 3 .0
+ 6 .6

_ ( 3)

34.4
33.0
33.7
36.7
39.0

+ 6 .1
+ 4 .9
+ 7 .0
+ 5 .4
+ 14.8

+ 3 .2
+ 5 .9
+ .8
+13.6
-.6

Cents
52.7
55.6
57.9
44.7
36.3

+ 1 .1
+ .2
+ 3.4
-.4
+ 4 .0

- 4 .1
- 4 .1
- 4 .4
- 2 .1
- 7 .0

38.8
36.8
35.7
40.6
42.1
42.8
39.9

+ 9 .0
-.6
-1 .9
+ 3 .6
+ 2 .6
+ 1 .0
-2 .7

+ 2 .8
+ 3 .1
+ 3 .7
+ 2.1
+ 4 .7
+ 6 .6
+ 2 .9

35.9
50.8
49.5
55.9
51.1
54.7
77.6

-.4
- 1 .0
- 1 .4
+ .2
+ 2 .5
-.8
-.9

- 1 .9
- 2 ,9
- 4 .3
+ 1 .6
+ 1 .2
+ 1.1
+ 1 .3

40.0
43.3
45.0
46.5
43.2
38.2
36.4
37.8
36.3
37.9
40.4
44.4
43.1

+ 4 .7
+ 1 .9
+ 3 .5
-.2
+ 4 .7
-1 6 .4
-2 .5
+ .8
-3 .2
+ 1.3
+ 4 .3
+ 5 .8
+ 7 .3

+ 8 .2
+ 9 .8
+ .9
+ 3 .7
+ 3.9
- 3 .4
-.4
+ 1 .2
+ 3.8
+1. 2
+ 3 .9
+ 4.9
+ 5 .7

38.1
40.0
53.3
56.7
56.1
44.7
59.4
41.0
44.4
40.6
69.8
47.2
53.8

+ 2 .9
+ .4
-.1
+ .2
- 1 .1
-1 2 .9
+ 1 .2
+ .2
-1 .2
+ .3
-.3
- .7
-.4

+ 3 .0
- 3 .1
- 1 .8
- 1 .5
- 1 .5
+ 7.3
+ 5.3
+ .5
+ 1.8
+ .9
+ .7
- 1 .3
+1.4

38.6
37.3

+ 3 .0
+ 1 .1

+ 2 .2
+ 2 .8

74.3
93.5

-.7
+ .3

+ (3)
+ 1 .4

C h e m ica ls a n d allied p r o d u c ts , a n d p e tro ­
le u m r e fin in g ________________________________
Other than petroleum refining-----------------------Chemicals------------------------------------------------Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal__________
Druggists’ preparations____ _____________
Explosives_______________________________
Fertilizers______________________ __________
Paints and varnishes___________ ________
Rayon and allied products...... .....................
Soap___________________ _________________
Petroleum refining................................. - ..........
R u b b e r p r o d u c ts _______________________________
Rubber boots and shoes_____ _______________
Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes................. .................................
R ubber tires and inner tubes..............................

120.3

114.4
113.9
124.7
84.5

+ 4.2
+4.7
+12.3

97.9
78.4

+. 7
+ 1.2
+ 2.2
+ 6.8
+ 1 .2
+ 1 .9
- 1 .3
+ 1.5
+ .4
+ .2
- 1 .3
+ 3 .8
+ 1 .4

- 1 .2
+10.9
-.3
+ 5.3
+3.1
+ 3.3
+ 2.1
+13.4
+10.9

96.2
69.7
119.6
307.6
105.3
115.9
96.8
64.8

132.9
89.0

+ 6.6
+ 2.7

+ 9.6
+16.9

128.1

120.2

129.9
103.5
104.4
93.2
76.9
128.6
361.5
107.1

120.6

-

12.6

112.6

+ 2 .1
+ 3 .0
+ 3 .8
+ 7 .8
+ 5 .0
+ 7 .8
-8 .4
+ 4 .9
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .3
-.3
+ 5 .0
+ 5 .4
+11.5
+ 2 .1

+ 11.1

+ 3 .8

+ 1 .8
+ 1 .6
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .8
+ 6 .9
- 4 .2
+ 3 .0
+ .2
+ 4 .4
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .6
+ 3 .5

+ 3 .0
+ 3 .4
+ 3 .1
+ 5 .6
+ 1 .7
+11.9
+10.3
+ 3 .3
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .8
+ .9
+ 7 .5
+ 2 .9

+ 8 .2
+16.0

42.3
35.2

+ 4 .4
+ .7

+ 11.6

- 1 .1
+ 4 .3
+ 7 .7
+12.0
+ 5.9

84.3
79.3
61.7
48.2
75.8

24.81
22.92
26.95
11.34
23.33
28.49
14. 84
25. 66
20.95
24.18
29.76
26.62
20.58

+ 1 .5
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .6
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .7
+ 5 .8
- 7 .3
+ 3 .3
+ 1 .3
+ 4.1
+ 1.1
+ 1 .1
+ 3 .9

+ 6 .6
+ 7 .5
+ 6 .8
+ 6 .2
+ 7 .2
+13.4
+ 8.7
+ 5 .5
+ 7 .3
+ 2 .7
+ 4 .4

+18.5
+35.8

22.49
30.95

+ 4 .6

+

63.3
56.4

39.9
41.3
40.8
52.6
40.2
41.6
40.3
42.6
39.0
40.4
35.8
38.2
39.4

+12.4
+19.8
-7 .0
+ 5 .8
+25.8
+ 8 .4
+11.3
10.6
+ 6 .0
+ 6 .6
+27.9
+15.1

+ 12.8

+ 6 .4

+ 3 .9
+ 4 .6
+ 3 .6
-.3
+ 3 .2
+ 1 .6
-.8
+ 2.3
+ 5 .6
- .1
+ 3 .3
+ 3 .1
-.4

21.7
55.3
68.4
36.7
60.3
53.7
60.0
83.5
71.1
52.2

-.5
-.1
-.3
- 1 .4
+ .2
- 1 .1
- 3 .1
+ .4
+ 1.1
-.3
-.6
- 1 .1
+ .4

53.6

_ ( 3)

88.1

- 1 .4

+ 1.7
+ 3 .5

+ 0 .6
-.8
+ 3.1
+ 1 .2
-.2

+4J
+2. <
-2 .;

66.1

Nonmanufacturing (*indexes are based on 12-month average 1929 ~1C 0)
Coal mining:
A nthracite-------- --------------- ------------------ ------Bitum inous__________ ______________________
Metalliferous mining_____________________________
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining_______________
Crude-petroleum producing______________________
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph ____________________
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas---------------------------------------------------------------Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance___ _________________
_______
Trade:
Wholesale________________ ____________________
Retail______
. . . _____________ __________
General merchandising____ ___________
Other than general merchandising________
Hotels (year-round)4. __ .................. ................... .......
Laundries_____ ________________________ __________
Dyeing and cleaning_____ ___________ ..... ...........
Brokerage— . . . ____ . . . ______________ _______
Insurance 6___________________________ __________
Building construction______ __
________________

49.9
81.1
64.2
54.6
73.6

+ 4.7
+ 3 .8
+ 1.7
-.6
- 1 .1

-1 5 .1
+9.1
+24.4
+9.3
- 1 .4

48.5
79.2
53.7
46.2
59.6

+39.1
+11.5
+ 7 .5
+ 3 .2
- 1 .4

-1 3 ,2
+13.4
+38.8
+26.4
+ 2.8

28. 30
24. 68
26. 47
21.19
29. 95

+ 32.8
+ 7 .5
+ 5 .7
+ 3 .8
-.3

+ 2 .3
+ 3 .9
+11.6
+15.9
+ 4.1

33.2
31.3
43.0
43.8
38.9

+28.0
+ 8 .2
+ 2 .6
+ 2 .5
+ .2

+ 2 .:

73.8

+ .2

+ 5.5

83.1

+ 5 .5

+11.0

30. 09

+ 5 .2

+ 5 .2

39.6

+ 5.8

+ 4 .6

78.8

- .3

+ i.:

94.0

+ .5

+ 7.6

92.7

+ 1 .4

+ 9 .9

31.96

+ .9

+ 2 .2

40.7

+2.1

+ 1 .6

78.9

- 1 .0

+ i.:

73.1

+ .4

+ 2.9

67.7

+ 1 .9

+ 5.7

30. 04

+ 1 .5

+ 2 .7

46.2

+ 1.1

+ 1 .0

64.2

+ .3

+2.1

89.0
88.7
103.9
84.7
85.4
87.6
86.5
(5)
(®)
(5)

+1.1
+ 2.4
+ 5.5
+ 1 .4
+ 1.5
- 2 .2
- .3
-.2
- .3
+ 2 .2

+ 3.8
+ 5.8
+ 6.9
+ 5.4
+ 4.7
+ 6.9
+7. 6
+16.4
+. 8
+25.6

71.6
68.3
87.2
64.4
69.6
75.3
66.7
(5)
(5)
(5)

+ 1.4
+ 2 .5
+ 5 .3
+ 1 .8
+ 3 .0
- 1 .7
+• 9
+ (3)
-.6
+ 4 .7

+ 7.1
+ 8.1
+ 9 .3
+ 7 .7
+ 8 .2
+12.2
+ 9.1
+22.0
+ 3.7
+43.0

28. 91
20. 73
17.43
23. 55
14.13
16. 09
19.17
37. 54
37. 44
28.30

+ .3
+ .1
-.1
+• 4
+ 1.6
+ .6
+ 1 .2
+ .3
-.4
+ 2 .4

43.1
43.8
40.8
44.7
48.4
42.5
43.4
(5)
(5)
33.9

+ 1.2
+ 1.1
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .0
+1. 2
+ (3)
+ 1 .0
(0
(“)
+ 2.3

+ 1.7
+ 2 .2
+ 3 .5
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .0
+ 4 .3
+ 2.1
(5)
(5)
+ 8.1

67.0
52.3
46.0
54.4
29.2
37. 6
45. 0
+ (5)
(5)
83.4

—. 7
-.9
- 1 .5
—. 7
+ .7
+• 7
+ ( 3)
(5)
(5)
+ .2

+1 i
+ .:

+ 3 .2 1
+ 2.1
+ 2 .2
+ 2.1
+ 3 .4
+ 5 .0
+ 1 .4
+ 4 .8
+ 2 .9
+13.9

+•'
+3.
+1.
+ .'
(5)
(®>
+5.!

1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied b y
a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year are computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month in
average weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing industries combined, and for retail trade are also computed from indexes.
2 Comparable indexes for earlier years are available in mimeographed form and will be furnished by the Bureau of Labor Statistics on request.
* Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
3 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
6 Percentage change in insurance pay rolls from October 1934 to November 1934 was published as —1.2, but should have been +0.6.
* Not available.




14
Table 4.— October 1936 Employment and Pay-roll Indexes for Manufacturing
Industries before Adjustment to 1933 Census Levels
Industry

E m ploy­ P ay rolls
ment

AB manufacturing industries.............................................. .............................. .......................

92.1

86.5

Durable goods____________________ _________
__
_____ ____________________
Nondurable goods........ .............. ................. ............ ...........................................................

84.1
100.7

81.2
93.3

89.1
90.0
92.4
62.2
83.7
71.5
60.0
95.6
70.0
124.4
79.4
104.5
82.8
162.1
106.0
104. 2
120. 5
87.7
107.6
92.4
119.2
264.2
73.8
124.2
101.6
542.0
108.6
67.9
47.8
100.4
62.6
67.0
62.3
101.7
95.7
97.9
104.0
95.6
99.2
73. 6
91.2
125.1
61. 7
87.9

86.5
90.4
91.5
45.4
76.8
58.8
63.4
68.3
57.0
116.8
73.8
101.1
88.9
165.4
96.9
125. 6
110.6
81.2
83.0
85.6
116.5
186.0
65.2
125.6
97.1
423.4
101.5
81.7
26.4
96.5
66.2
63.5
66.5
95.0
94.8
89.9
103.5
87.9
97.4
70.1
71.8
122.4
57.0
77.7

55.6
38.8
101. 5
63.2
42.4
62.4
101.6
34.4
73.7

52.0
32.6
60.1
55.6
33.0
50.2
104.7
27.9
63.7

100.7
97.2
90.3
99.4
92.6
107.3
80.6
121.3
69.5
86.5

87.0
86.4
93.1
89.0
87.6
93.0
67.6
124.2
60.9
66. 5

Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery................................... ..........
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
........
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets______________ __________________________________
Cast-iron pipe__________________________ ______ _________________________________
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools_________________
Forgings, iron and steel... ________________ __________________________________
Hardware................... ............. ....................... .................................... ........... .....................
Plumbers’ supplies____ ____ __ _________________________________________________
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings........................................
Stoves............. ...................................................................... ............. ....................................
Structural and ornamental metalwork _____ .
. . ^ ...................... , , ....... ,r
Tin cans and other tinware
...........................
..
. . . ___
, „ _.
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws)............. ....................
W ire work ________________________ ___________________________1...............................
Machinery, not including transportation equipment......... ................ .............. ............ .
Agricultural implements_________ ______________________________________________
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines_________ ___________
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies............................ .............. ...................
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels_______ ___________________________
Foundry and machine-shop products____ _______________________________________
Machine tools________ ______ __ ________________________________________________
Radios and phonographs __ _____________ __________ _________________________
Textile machinery and parts________ ____________________________________________
Typewriters and parts.— —____ ______________________________________________
Transportation equipm ent............................ - ____ ___________________________________
Aircraft_______________________________________________________________________
Automobiles.............. .......... ............ ..................... .......................... .............. ....................
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad. _______________________________________________
Locom otives_______________ ______ _____________________________________________
Shipbuilding__ ________ ________________________________________________________
Railroad repair shops________ ___________________ - _________________ - _________
Electric railroad________________ ______________ ______________________________
Steam railroad
_________________________________________________________
Nonferrous metals and their products_______________________________________________
Aluminum manufactures.____ _______________ __________________________________
Brass, bronze, and copper products. _____________________________ _________
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices______________________ _______
Jewelry__________________ _________ _______________________:________________ .
Lighting equipment____________ ________________________________________________
Silverware and plated ware___ ________ ____________________________________
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc___________________________ . .
Stamped and enameled ware__________ ___________________________________ Lumber and allied products______ ______________________________________________
Furniture ________________________________________________________________
Lumber:
M illwork______ _____________________________________________________________
Sawmills ______________________ __________________________ ____________
Turpentine and rosin_____________________________________________________ _
Stone, clay, and glass products _______________________________________ ______
Brick, tile, and terra c o t t a _________________________ __________________ Cement
_________________________________________________________________ _ .
Glass
________ __________________________________________________________
Marble, granite, slate, and other products__________________________ . .
Pottery................................................................................................................................
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products________ _________________________________________________
F abrics..------------------------- . ------------------------ ------- -------------------------------------------------Carpets and rugs____ ________________________ ______________________________
Cotton goods-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------Cotton small wares------ ------- --------------- .
----------- ------- -----------------------------Dyeing and finishing textiles______________ _________________________________
Hats, fur-felt________________ __________________________________ ____________
Knit goods_________ _________
________ _____________ ________________
Silk and rayon goods__________ _____________________________________________
Woolen and worsted goods .......................................................................... ..........




15
Table 4.— October 1936 Employment and Pay-roll Indexes for Manufacturing
Industries before Adjustment to 1933 Census Levels— Continued
Industry

E m ploy­
P ay rolls
ment

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textiles and their products—Continued.
Wearing apparel_____ _____ _______________________ ______________ ______________
Clothing, men’s. _
. ___________________________________________________
Clothing, women's
_____________ - _____________________________________
Corsets and allied garments._______________________________________________
M en’s furnishings.. _______________________________________________________
M illinery _________________________________________________________________
Shirts and collars..____ ______________________________ ____ ________________
Leather and its manufactures_______________________ _________ _________ ___________
Boots and shoes________________________________________________________________
L ea th er___ ____________________________________________________________________
Pood and kindred products_________________________________________________________
.... _ . _. _ _
___ __.
staking
_
_
Beverages
_________ _____ ___________________________________________________
Butter....... ........................ ................... ............................... .......... .....................................
Canning and preserving_______________________ ____ _____ ______ _____ _____ ___
Confectionery__________________________________________________ ____ __________
Flour...................................... ................................ ..................................................... ..........
Ice cream________ ____________________________________________ _____ ___________
Slaughtering and meat packing...................................... ............ .............................. .......
Sugar, beet______________________ ______ _________ _______ _____ ______ ________
Sugar refining, cane___________________ ________ ____ __________________________
T obacco manufactures_______ __________________ ____ _________ ____________ _______
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff____. __________________ _____ ________
Cigars and cigarettes.._________________________________________ ______ ________
Paper and printing_______________ _____ ____________________ _____ _________ _____ _
Boxes, paper_________________ ______ __________________________________________
Paper and pu^p................... ..................... ............................ ...................... ......................
Printing and publishing:
Book and jo b .................... ............ .......................... ....................................................
Newspapers and periodicals.... .... .......... .................................................... .........
Chemicals and allied products* and petroleum refining....... ................................ ..............
Other than petroleum r e f i n i n g ._____ _____ ____ ________ ______ _______ ____
Chemicals____ ____ ____
_______________ _______ ________ ____________ ___
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal______________________ __________________ _ .
Druggists’ preparations.................. ..................................... ............................... .
Explosives___________________ _________________________ _______ _____
Fertilizers_______ _____ ___________________________ ________ __________ ____
Paints and varnishes__________________ ___________ __ _____________ __ _____
R ayon and allied products__________ _____ __ _ _____________ _______ _ . .
Soap_________________________ _____________________ ______________ ___ __ _
Petroleum refining....... ............ ............................ ............. ............................... ........ . . .
R ubber products___________________________________________________ . . . . .
Rubber boots and shoes.. ______________________________________________ ______
Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner t u b e s ............... ..............
Rubber tires and inner tubes_______________ ________________________ ________

104.5
94.7
139.5
86.8
124.3
61.5
118.0
88.2
85.9
97.8
113.9
119.6
177.1
72.3
142.7
89.5
75.2
67.3
90.2
242.5
76.7
60.8
66.2
60.1
103.2
97.9
112.2

83.1
72.5
106.7
87.3
89.7
47.3
122.2
76.4
67.8
104.3
107.9
1(19.6
179.0
59.6
174.9
84.7
71.2
57.2
87.6
174.6
66.2
52.7
68.7
50.6
97. 6
100.3
102.6

95.3
104.7
118.2
119.4
122.3
93.9
100.4
99.6
88.5
115.1
367.7
108.9
113.3
93.8
65.4
141.1
82.6

87.3
102.3
111.7
112.5
119.9
104.4
105.7
100.9
85.3
105.5
291.5
107.3
109.0
90. 0
60.9
138.2
80.0

Indexes o f Employment and Pay Rolls
G e n e r a l indexes of factory employment and pay rolls, adjusted to
1933 Census of Manufactures totals, are given in table 5 for the
months January 1919 to October 1936. They supersede the previ­
ously published series, which was adjusted only to 1931 census totals.
The accompanying chart indicates the trend of factory employment
and pay rolls from January 1919 to October 1936 as shown by the
adjusted indexes and by the former series of indexes. Indexes for 13
nonmanufacturing industries including 2 subgroups under retail trade,
by months, January 1935 to October 1936, inclusive, are presented in
table 6.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative establishments in 89 manu­
facturing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is the




16
3-year average 1923-25 as 100. In October 1936 reports were received
from 25,065 establishments employing 4,578,152 workers whose weekly
earnings were $107,227,319. The employment reports received from
these establishments cover more than 55 percent of the total wage
earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than
65 percent of the wage earners in the 89 industries included in the
monthly survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes for nonmanufacturing industries are also computed
from data supplied by reporting establishments, but the base is the
12-month average for 1929 as 100.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls
for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
Table 5.— General Indexes of Factory Employment and Pay Rolls by Months,
January 1919 to October 1936, adjusted to 1933 Census of
Manufacturers^Totals 1
[1923-25=100]
M onth
and
year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

M ay

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

N ov.

Dec.

Aver­
age

109.1
108.4
81.3
91.0
105.2
92.1
99.7
101.4
99.3
100.1
107.7
88.6
77.0
61.8
79.6
83.5
86.1
93.4

111.2
107.1
83.3
94.0
105.6
94.3
101.6
103.5
100.4
102.1
108.7
89.5
77.3
65.1
83.2
80.0
88.0
95.3

110.8
103.4
84.1
96.7
104.4
95.1
102. 2
103.1
99.5
102.4
107. 5
87.6
74. 6
66. 3
82.8
82.2
89.3

112.0
97.2
84.2
98.4
103.1
94.7
101.9
101.3
97.3
101.5
103.3
84.4
72.0
65.5
79.5
80.3
88.7

113.8
89.6
83.2
99.7
101.3
96.1
101.6
100.0
96.0
101.0
99.6
82.1
71.2
64.3
77.6
81.4
88.2

106.7
107.8
82.2
90.3
104.1
96.4
99.5
101.3
98.9
98.7
104.7
91.3
77.3
65.5
72.0
82.4
85.9

100.9
122.7
74.6
83.2
103.8
89.2
99.5
103.3
101.7
103.2
112.0
83.1
65.8
41.0
57.7
63.2
70.9
83.4

105.7
120.9
74.2
87.1
104.2
92.3
98.8
104.3
101.2
104.6
112.8
83.8
63.3
43.5
60.6
59.1
73.5
83.4

103.2
116. 9
73.4
89.6
106.5
94.9
104.7
107.4
102.0
108.2
112.3
82.0
61.4
45.3
60.4
62.1
76.3
88.8

107.7
108.1
72.5
93.4
104.4
93.4
104.7
104.0
98.4
105.0
104.1
76.6
58.1
43.5
56.5
60.6
75.5

115.0
99.0
74.0
95.7
102.8
97.7
105.1
103.3
99.4
105.7
100.5
75.0
57.5
42.3
55.5
64.1
77.4

98.3
118.2
76.9
81.6
103.3
96.0
100.7
103.7
101.7
102.4
109.1
88.5
67.4
46.4
49.4
62.8
71.2

Employment
1919___
1920___
1921___
1922..
1923___
1924___
1925___
1926___
1927___
1928___
1929___
1930___
1931___
1932___
1933___
1 934....
1935.—
1936___

104.8
114.3
80.9
82.5
100.8
100.1
96.5
100.7
98.2
94.8
100.6
97.1
79.5
69.1
62.6
76.5
82.0
86.6

101.6
113.3
82.4
84.5
102.6
101.5
98.2
101.7
99.7
96.4
102.9
97.1
80.1
70.3
63.7
81.1
84.9
86.7

101.9
115.5
83.0
85.7
104.7
101.7
99.1
102.2
100.3
97.4
104.1
96.7
80.5
69.3
61.5
84.4
86.0
87.8

102.0
114.0
82.0
85.5
105.2
100.0
98.9
101.5
99.6
97.0
105.3
96.1
80.4
67.1
62.9
86.0
86.2
89.0

102.6
111.5
81.8
87.8
105.3
96.7
98.2
100.4
99.0
97.0
105.2
94.5
79.8
64.6
65.8
86.2
84.7
89.6

103.8
110.6
80.9
89.5
106.0
93.8
98.1
100.4
99.1
97.6
105.4
92.6
78.0
62.5
70.2
84.9
83.1
89.9

106.5
108.1
79.7
87.8
104.9
90.8
98.0
99.4
98.0
97.5
105.9
89.3
76.9
60.4
74.9
82.4
83.4
91.0

Pay Rolls
1919___
1920___
1921___
1922___
1923....
1924___
1925..._
1 926....
1927___
1928.—
1929___
1930___
1931___
1932....
1933.—
1934___
1935___
1936___

96. 2
118.3
83.7
70.3
94.8
98.7
95.7
100.9
98.2
95.9
102.4
95.6
69.9
53.6
40.1
54.6
64.9
73.6

90.4
116.7
82.1
73.1
98.1
104.1
100.9
105.1
104.3
101.1
109.3
98.6
74.1
54.8
41.0
61.3
69.9
73.6

91.0
124.8
82.4
75.3
102.8
104.1
102.6
106.6
105.7
102.6
111.6
98.6
75.4
53.1
37.9
65.6
71.6
77.4

90.0
122.0
79.7
74.2
104.1
101.9
100.1
104.3
104.3
100.5
112.7
97.5
74.2
49.4
39.8
68.1
71.6
79.1

90.9
123.5
78.1
77.6
107.5
97.5
100.8
103.0
104.1
101.3
112.9
95.1
73.1
46.8
43.7
68.1
69.3
80.6

92.9
125.3
76.2
80.9
107.7
92.2
98.8
103.2
102.4
101.7
111.2
92.0
69.5
43.5
48.1
66.0
67.3
80.8

95.6
120.4
72.4
78.6
103.4
85.4
96.9
98.9
98.4
99.1
107.1
84.1
66.1
40.2
51.7
61.3
66.4
80.0

1 Comparable revised indexes for each of 89 manufacturing industries, for the durable- and non-durablegoods groups, for 14 divisions under these groups, and for 2 subgroups under textiles are available in mim eo­
graphed form and will be supplied on request.







18
Table 6.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1935 to October 1936 1
[12-month average 1929=100]
Anthracite mining

M on th

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Bituminous-coal
mining
E m ploy­
ment

P ay rolls

Metalliferous mining

Quarrying and non­
metallic mining

E m ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935
59.1
61.2
52.5
49.
54.9
51.2

54.4
76.7
42.
28.6
56.
66.0 42.0

57.5
64.
38.9
49.9
49.5

January...........
F ebruary____
M arch............ .
April................
M a y ............... .
June.................

62.9
64.4
51.4
52.6
53.5
56.8

80.0
81.1
81.6
74.3
75.3
77.

79.8
80.2
80.4
77.5
76.2
75.7

July..................
August............
September___
October...........
N ovem ber___
Decem ber.......

49.4 48.4 37.5 37.2 70.0
38.7 41.1 28.3 31.4 73.4
46.0 47.6 38.2 34.9 77.1
55.
58.8
48.5 74.3
28.
76.1
46.6
55.4
79.1
57.3

75.5
76.9
78.2
81.1

Average.

53.2

47.5

76.7

Crude-petroleum
producing

P ay rolls

1935 1930

59.6 70.6
66.1 78.4
70.2
62.6
62.2
61.5

44.
44.3
45.0
46.0
44.4
46.0

54.2
55.5
55.9
57.5
60.
61.9

30.1
29.
30.9
31.8
31.4
31.5

41.7
42.
45.1
45.5
47.7
48.2

36.9
37.3
40.5
45.3
49.5
50.4

39.4
36.9
42.2
48.4
52.0
53.5

20.
22.2
24,
28.9
32.8
33.

25.5
23.9
30.9
36.1
42.1
44.0

62.
65.4
71.0
79.2

45.2
46.3
48.9
51.6
52.6
53.5

61.3
61.6
63.1
64.2

31.1
33.4
35.4
38.7
39.6
43.2

46.1
48.2
50.0
53.7

50.
51.0
50.0
50.0
46.7
43.1

54.4
55.3
354.9
54.6

34.4
36.3
35.4
36.5
32.1
29.7

43.9
46.2
344.8
46.2

67.5
45.0
49.1
64.7
35.
45.8
60.1
69.
65.5
69.5
58.2

33.9

Telephone and
telegraph

46.0

30.7

Electric light and
power, and manu­
factured gas

Electric-railroad and
m o to rb u s op era ­
tion and mainte­
nance 2

Em ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

M onth
E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

P ay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936

1936 1935 1936 1935 1936

January...........
February_____
M arch, ............
A pril_________
M a y ................. .
June................. .

74.
74.2
74.0
74.9
76.0
76.7

71.1
70.8
70.9
71.
72.7
73.7

55.5
54.
56.0
56.7
57.8
59.2

55.7
55.7
56.0
57.1
58.0
58.9

70.5
70.0
69.8
69.7
70.0
70.2

70.1
69.9
70.2
70.
71.6
72.1

73.9
72.9
75.
73.1
73.7
74.4

75.0
76.2
77.2
76.0
78.5
77.4

82.7
82.2
82.3
82.
83.3
83.9

86.1 78.0
86.1 78.3
86.8 79.4
88.0 79.0
89.0 79.
90.4 79.8

July..................
August............. .
September____
October.............
N ovem ber____
December.........

77.4
76.3
75.1
74.7
73.0
71.9

75.4
75.0
>74.5
73.6

59.9 360.4
58.9 59.7
60.9 360.4
57,
57.2

70.3
70.5
70.4
70.0

73.1
73.5
73.7
73.8

75.7
75.5
73.8
74.9
74.9
75.

79.9
81.2
78.8
83.1

84.8
86.8
86.9
87.4
87.6

91.7
93.1
93.5
94.0

Average-

74.9

57.9

70.1

74.5

84.8

P ay rolls

71.2
71.0
71.3
71.4
71.6
71.7

70.7
71.7
71.2
71.3
71.5
71.7

62.9
63.1
63.4
63.3
63.6
63.9

65.0
68.3
67.8
65.9

81.5
71.5
71.2
82.8
84.5 91.4 71.0
84.4 92.7 71.1
83.4
71.1
86.0
70.5

72.4
72.4
72.8
73.1

63.4
63.3
64.0
64.1
63,
66.1

66.5
66.5
66.4
67.7

81.4

84.8
84.7
85.9
86.2
87.0
88.1

66.1

66.8

71.2

1 Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found
in the N ovem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues
of the M onthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935
issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M onthly Labor Review.
2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.
3 Revised.




19
Table 6.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1935 to October 1936— Continued
Wholesale trade

M on th

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Total retail trade

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Retail trade—gen­
eral merchandising

Retail trade—other
than general mer­
chandising

E m ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

P ay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January ____
F e b ru a ry .........
M arch________
April______ ____
M a y __________
June__________

84.2
84.6
84 0
83.2
82.5
8? 1

85.6
85.0
85.6
85.7
84.6
84 6

63.9
64.6
65.2
64.8
64.6
64.6

66 6
66.6
69 0
67 9
68.2
68 4

79 5
79.2
80 ?
83 5
82.2
82 ?

80.4
79.7
81.9
85.2
85.0
85.5

59.7
59.3
60.4
62.5
62.0
62.5

62.1
61.6
63.5
65.3
65.8
66.4

87.3
86.2
88.6
94.4
91.3
91.2

88.2
85.1
90.9
97.4
95.5
96.4

73.5
72.3
74.1
77.5
76.3
76.7

76.4
73.9
77.3
81.0
80.8
81.3

77.4
77.3
78.0
80.7
79.8
79.8

78.4
78.3
79.5
82.0
82.3
82.6

56.9
56.6
57.6
59.4
59.0
59.5

59.1
59.1
60.7
62.1
62.7
63.3

July....... ...........
August—*_____
September........
October_______
N ovem ber.........
Decem ber.........

82.1
82.7
83.7
85.7
86.4
86.8

85.4
86.3
88.0
89.0

64.6
64.8
67.2
66.8
66.9
68.6

69.0
69.7
70.6
71.6

79.3
78.0
81.8
83.8
84.6
92.9

83.2
82.4
86.6
88.7

60.5
59.3
62.5
63.2
63.4
69.3

65.1
364.4
66.6
68.3

85.5
83.1
92.2
97.1
101.6
131.7

90.7
89.4
98.5
103.9

72.0
69.5
77.2
79.8
82.0
104.5

77.3
76.4
82.8
87.2

77.7
76.7
79.1
80.3
80.1
82.7

81.2
80.5
83.5
84.7

58.1
57.2
59.4
59.8
59.6
62.0

62.6
61.9
63.3
64.4

Average— 84.0 ........

65.6

82.3

62.1

94.2

Year-round hotels

M onth

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

78.0

79.1

Laundries
E m ploy­
ment

58.8 ........

Dyeing and cleaning

Pay rolls

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January______________________________ 80.3 81.9 62.2 64.9 79.6 81.5
February____________________________ 81.1 82.8 63.5 66.5 79.6 81.2
M arch_______________________________ 80.8 82.8 63.9 66.0 79.7 82.1
A pril________________________________ 81.1 83.2 63.6 66.3 80.0 83.2
M a y _________________________________ 81.6 84.1 63.7 67.0 81.1 85. 5
June_________________________________ 81.3 83.9 63.5 66.6 82.3 87.2

63.9
64.1
64.6
65.5
66.6
68. 2

68.3
67.8
69.9
70.9
75.6
75.8

70.3
69.6
72.5
79.9
80.9
83.6

71.5
70.3
74.7
81.8
87.3
87.5

50.4
49.8
53.5
61.9
61.7
65.7

51.6
49.0
56.4
64.1
72.2
69.2

Jnlv
August...............
.......... ......... -------Sentember
October______________________________
N ovem ber___________________________

70.9
69.2
67.9
67.1
66.7
67.5

79.0
76.7
76.6
75.3

81. 7
79.4
82.1
80.4
76.3
73.4

85.5
83.5
86.7
86.5

61.5
58.2
63.1
61.1
55.4
52.9

64.8
63.2
66.1
66.7

December

A verage.. •........ ........... .........

80.3
80.7
81.1
81.6
81.5
80.8

83.3
83.2
84.2
85.4

81.0 ........

62.1
62.0
63.1
64.3
64.8
64.2

66.0
66.1
67.5
69.6

84.4
84.2
83.0
81.9
81.3
81.1

63.4 ........

81.5

90.5
89.6
89.6
87.6

66.9

77.5

57.9

* Revised.

Trend of Industrial and Business Employment by States

A c o m p a r i s o n of employment and pay rolls, by States and geo­
graphic divisions, in September and October 1936, is shown in table 7
for all groups combined, and for all manufacturing industries com­
bined, based on data supplied by reporting establishments. The
percentage changes shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—
that is, the industries included in the manufacturing group and in
the grand total have not been weighted according to their relative
importance.
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include figures
for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the 89




20

manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all
groups combined include all manufacturing industries and each of
the nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3, except building
construction.
Table 7.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in September and October 1936 by Geographic Divisions and by States
[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y
cooperating State organizations]
Manufacturing

Total—All groups

Geographic
division and
State

Per­
Per­
Per­
Per­
cent­
cent­
Amount cent­
Am ount cent­
N um ­ N um ­
N um ­
age
N
um
­
age
age
age
ber of ber on change of pay change ber of ber on change of pay change
roll (1
roll (1
estab­ pay roll from
from estab­ pay roll from
from
week)
week)
lish­ October Sep­
Sep­
lish­ October Sep­
Sep­
October
October
tem ­
tem ­ ments
tem ­
tem ­
ments
1936
1936
1936
1936
ber
ber
ber
ber
1936
1936
1936
1936

N ew E n g la n d ____ 13,962
820
M aine___________
623
N ew Ham pshire.
480
Verm ont________
Massachusetts. . . i 8,649
1, 268
R hode Island___
2,122
Connecticut.........
M id d le A t l a n t i c ..
N ew Y o r k ______
N ew Jersey_____
Pennsylvania___

900,753
56,390
36,946
18, 056
485,917
97,897
205, 547

36,706 2,229,359
24, 500 1,035,803
3,941 323,687
8, 265 869,869

Dollars
+ 0 .9 19,878,628 + 3 .6
- 2 . 7 1,081,993 + 2 .1
-1 .0
706,104
+• 2
382,575 + 11.0
+ 4 .6
+. 5
+ .3 10,822,138
+ 4 .4 2,035,926 +10.8
+ 2 .1 4,849,892 + 8 .3
+ 1 .4 57,067,081
+ 1 .5 27,464,319
+• 1 8,005,653
+ 1 .9 21, 597,109

3,509
298
204
146
1,652
440
769

623,310
45,449
29, 682
11,126
286,454
77, 691
172, 908

+ 5 .5
5,056 1,199,667
+ 3 .7 2 2,000 445, 007
+ 5 .2
3 781 243, 895
+ 7 .9 2,275 510,765 +

+ 1 .4
-2 .7
- 1 .2
+ 7 .3
+• 8
+ 5 .0
+ 2 .2

Dollars
13,148,209 + 5 .4
834,069 + 2 .9
-.2
537,047
232, 033 + 1 7 .6
6,003, 831 + 1 .5
1, 533, 302 +13.1
4,007, 927 + 9 .5

+ 1.0
+ 1 .7
-.5
* 1.2

29,466,283
11,457,094
5,826,808
12,182,381 +

+ 4 .8
+ 4.0
+ 5 .1
* 5 .7

E a st N o r t h C e n ­
tr a l___________ 20,242 2,204,754 + 3 .9 57,239,149 +10.2
8,347 637,994 + 2 .0 16, 467,182 + 6 .5
O hio____________
2,269 263,483 + 1.9 6,475,918 + 8 .6
Indiana_________
Illinois. __________ 5 4,849 586, 814
+• 7 14,603,541 + 4•4
3,789 529,867 + 12.2 15,091,822 +22.5
M ichigan_______
e 988 186,596 + 1.7 4,600,686 + 9.5
W isconsin..........

7,513 1,685,260 + 4 .7 44,444,689 + 12 .4
2,609 474,146 + 1 .8 12, 573, 759 + 7 .3
913 222,727 + 2 .0 5,538,312 + 0 .S
2,305 393,215
+• 4 9, 728,730 + 5 .2
952 446,343 + 15.3 12, 855,051 +26.4
7 734 148,829 + * 3.5 3,748,837 + * 13.0

W est N orth Cen­
tral___________ 11,972
2, 201
M innesota______
1, 716
Iowa __________
M issouri________
3,211
519
North Dakota___
455
South Dakota___
1, 577
N e b ra sk a ............
Kansas__________ 9 2,293
S ou th A tla n tic.._ 11,024
202
D e la w a re ............
M aryland.............
1,484
D istrict of C o­
1,085
lum bia________
2, 215
Virginia_________
1, 267
W est Virginia___
N orth Carolina. _ 1,433
798
South C arolina...
1,455
Georgia........ .........
1,085
Florida____ ______

443,446
91, 789
63,119
174,442
5, 259
7,902
35, 494
65,441

+ .7
-1 .5
-1 .0
+ 1 .5
_(8 )
+ 2 .6
+ 7 .0
-.3

10,153,235
2, 208,359
1,387,699
3,928,778
124,328
196,462
787,436
1,520,173

+ 2 .8
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .2
+ 1 .8
+ 4 .2
+ 4 .1
+ 1 .0

2,521
430
429
920
47
36
161
498

223,625
+ .1 4,996,557 + 3 .4
43,804 - 4 . 7 1,038, 588 + 1 .9
-.1
35,065 - 3 . 3
765,395
95,844 + 2 .0 2,044, 714 + 5. 8
752 - 8 . 2
19, 580 - 2 . 3
2,154 + 12.8
46, 863 + 15 .9
14,158 + 15.2
309, 435 + 8 .1
31,848 - 1.1
771, 982
+ .4

817,410
15, 779
121, 898

+ 1 .5 15,830,506
-8 .4
369,441
+ 1.2 2,778,587

+ 4 .0
- 2 .4
+ 3 .3

2,756
86
523

541,734
+ .9 9,521,671 + 3 .1
11, 923 -1 1 .3
274,843 - 3 . 6
81,535 + * 1.3 1,833,456 + 4 3.1

42,084
106, 296
153,214
159, 244
72, 391
107, 667
38,837

+ 1 .7
+• 1
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .1
+ 2 .3
+ 7 .7

1, 049,871
2,002,895
3, 789,972
2,401,207
1,018,128
1, 712,646
707,759

+ 2 .7
+. 8
+ 6 .6
+ 3. 4
+ 3 .6
+ 4 .8
+ 7 .6

43
472
255
589
235
360
193

3, 793
72,030
61, 585
146,342
64, 582
82, 378
17, 566

-3 .6
-.4
+ 1 .3
+ 1.8
+ 1.2
+ 2 .4
+ 3.1

127, 544
1,299,876
1,455, 248
2,179, 209
872,715
1,178,179
300, 601

-4 .1
-.8
+ 4 .6
+ 3. 4
+ 3 .9
+ 6 .1
+ 9 .9

+ 2 .5 3,164,692
+ 2 .7
770, 412
+ 2 .4 1,326, 299
+ 2 .2
914,871
+ 3 .6
153,110

+ 6 .1
+ 3 .8
+ 7 .0
+ 7 .5
+ 1 .5

-.5
+ 1 .2
+ .4
-.3
- 2 .0

+ 1 .1
+ 2.1
+ 3 .5
+ .4
(®)

East Sou th Cen­
t r a l.............
K en tu cky_______
Tennessee........... .
Alabam a________
Mississippi.........

4,514
1,371
1,382
1, 268
493

296,051
92,040
102, 600
85, 753
15,658

+ 2 .7
+ 3 .5
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .1
+ 2 .0

5,386,539
1,908,752
1,822,434
1,408, 719
246,634

+ 5 .6
+ 5 .5
+ 5 .9
+ 6 .3
+ 1 .6

1,034
310
398
237
89

184,868
39, 262
76, 603
58, 534
10,469

W est South C en­
t r a l.._........ .......
A rkansas...........
Louisiana .............
Oklahom a.......... .
Texas..................... ii

4,447
io 508
1, 035
1,387
1,517

194,892
25,475
47, 524
41, 232
80,661

+ .3 4,093,794
426,733
+ 2.2
885, 694
-.1
941,408
+00
+ ( 8) 1,839,959

+ 1 .8
+ 2 .9
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .1
+ 1 .5

979
191
246
140
402

93,549
18,252
25,288
11, 562
38,447

See footnotes at end of tables.




1,829,871
282,675
407, 846
252, 298
887,052

21

Table 7.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in September and October 1936 by Geographic Divisions and by States— Con.
Manufacturing

Total—All groups

Geographic
division and
State

Per­
Per­
Per­
Per­
cent­ Amount cent­
cent­ Amount cent­
N um ­ N um ­
N um ­ N um ­
age
age
age
age
pay
pay change
ber of ber on change of
ber of ber on change of
roll (1 change
roll (1
from estab­ pay roll from
from
estab­ pay roll from
week)
week)
lish­ October Sep­
lish­ October Sep­
Sep­
Sep­
October
tem­
tem­ ments
tem­ October tem ­
ments
1936
1936
1936
1936
ber
ber
ber
ber
1936

1936

1936

Dollars

M o u n t a i n _______
Montana________
Idaho___________
W yom ing_______
Colorado_______
New M exico___
Arizona_________
U ta h _ ...________
N evada_________

4,376
697
437
312
1, 266
316
514
617
217

P a cific____________
9,158
Washington____
3,102
O r e g o n .._______
1,343
California_______ 12 4, 713

141,756

+ 7 .1

21, 818 + 6 .3
12, 274 + 1 7 .9
8, 601
+ 7 .2
49, 071
+ 7 .7
6,191
-.5
15, 763
+ 6 .8
24, 883 + 5 .2
3,155
-.4

3,434,834

1936

Dollars

+ 8 .6

595

49, 750 +16.3

634,898 + 1 3 .1
278, 209 + 1 0 .5
243, 517 + 7 .3
1, 129, 096 + 8 .0
+ 8 .3
137,433
392, 800 + 9 .7
+ 4 .7
532,070
86,811
+ 2 .3

88
53
40
197
31
43
114
29

6,180
5. 597
2, 355
20, 904
401
2,892
10,443
978

+• 1

2 ,3S8

259,080

451,462

- 4 .4 11,893,884

105, 221
52, 613

- 1 .0
- 8 .0

2,625,832
1, 305, 309

+ 2 .9
- 2 .6

562
284

293,628

-1 9

7,962, 743

-• 4

1,552

1,096,422 + 14.8
166, 964
126, 357
63,833
441,483
9, 361
68,132
191,460
28,832

+ 2 4 .6
+ 3 1 .7

- 7 .0

6,770,336

59,937
- 1 .8
29, 578 - 1 3 . 0

1,454,329
703, 307

—1.6
+ 3 .3

169,565

+ 1 7 .2
+ 4 3 .4
+ 2 7 .6
+ 1 6 .7
+1. 8
+ 2 .8
+ 8 .3
- .7

- 7.6 4.612, 700

+18.8
+11.0
+ 5 .8
+ 4 .3
+ 1 1 .7

+ 3 .7

-5 .9

- 2 .4

1 Includes banks and trust companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment,
amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
2 Includes laundering and cleaning, water, light, and power.
3 Includes laundries.
4 Weighted percentage change.
« Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
e Includes construction, but not hotels, restaurants or public works.
7 Does not include logging.
8|Less than Ho of 1 percent.
®Includes financial institutions, construction, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
10 Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.
11 Includes business and personal service, and real estate.
12 Includes banks, insurance and office employment.

Industrial and Business Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities

A c o m p a r i s o n of October employment and pay rolls with the
September totals in 13 cities of the United States having a popula­
tion of 500,000 or over is made in table 8. The changes are com­
puted from reports received from identical establishments in both
months.
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey by the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building
construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for
this industry have not been included in these city totals.




22

Table 8.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishment®
in September and October 1936, by Principal Cities

City

of Percentage
on Percentage Amount
Number of Number
pay roll
pay roll change from (1
change from
establish­
week)
October September
September
October
ments
1936
1936
1936

New York, N. Y __
Chicago, 111.............
Philadelphia, Pa___
Detroit, Mich_____
Los Angeles, Calif—.

18,275
4,414
2,587
1,606
2,695

729,511
443,920
239,284
343,563
147,311

+ 1 .8
+ 1 .6
+ 1 .9
+ 13.9
-.6

$19,208,616
11,627,812
6,160,388
10, 377,857
3,978,338

+ 4 .0
+ 4 .4
+ 5 .0
+ 2 3 .7
+ 2 .9

Cleveland, Ohio___
St. Louis, Mo......... .
Baltimore, Md.......
Boston, Mass.1........

1,786
1,598
1,245
1,592

142, 069
133, 727
96,273
109,015

+ 3 .6
+ 1 .7
+ 1.1
+ 1 .0

3, 771,225
3,110,039
2, 221,075
2,743,948

+10.3

Pittsburgh, Pa........
San Francisco, Calif.
Buffalo, N. Y .........
Milwaukee, Wis___

1,432
1,643
1,058
702

211,244
90,676
80,009
81,589

+ 2 .5
-1 .3
+ 2 .8
+ 1 .6

5,658, 765
2,510,565
2,091,233
2,082,464

+ 6 .1
+3. £
+ 5.9+ 6 .8

+ 4 .2
+2. a
+ 1 .4

1Data relate to “industrial area."

Public Employment
E m p l o y m e n t created by the Federal Government includes employ­
ment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administra­
tion are those projects authorized by title II of the National Indus­
trial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works
was extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropria­
tion Acts of 1935 and 1936.
By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of works to be carried out by 61 units
of the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by
title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as
the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936. Employment
created by this program includes employment on Federal projects
and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration. Federal projects are those conducted by Federal
agencies which have received allotments from The Works Program
fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration
are those projects conducted under the supervision of the W . P. A.
The emergency conservation program (Civilian Conservation
Corps) created in April 1933 has been further extended under author­
ity of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Since July
1, 1936, emergency conservation work has been continued from
appropriations authorized by the deficiency bill of 1936.




23

With the following exceptions, statistics on public employment
refer to the month ending on the 15th.
Employment statistics for the Federal service and for emergency
conservation work refer to the number employed on the last day of
the month. Pay-roll data are for the entire month. The value of
material orders placed for projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration are for the calendar month. All statistics on National
Youth Administration projects are for the calendar month.
Exccutivc Service o f the Federal Governm ent
S t a t is t ic s of employment in the executive service of the Federal
Government in October 1935 and September and October 1936 are
given in table 9.
Table 9.— Employees in the Executive Service of the United States Government
September and October 1936 and October 1935 1
[Subject to revision]

District of Columbia J

Outside District of Co­
lumbia

Entire service1

Perma­ Tem ­
nent porary 3 Total

Perma­ Tem ­
nent porary 3 Total

Item
Perma­ Tem ­
porary
nent

Total

Num ber of employees:
October 1936___________ 107,638
7,156 114, 794 620,163 106,344 726,507 727,801 113,500 * 841,301
September 1936.......... — 107,815
7,246 115,061 614,314 106,779 721,093 722,129 114,025 836,154
October 1935_____ ______ 102,030
8, 555 110,585 578,675 108,440 687,115 680,705 116,995 797,700
Percentage change:
September to October
-1 .2 4
1936_________________
-0 .4 1
-0 .1 6
-0 .2 3
-0 .4 6
+0.95
+0.75 +0.79
+0.62
October 1935 to October
1936_________________
+5.50 -1 6.3 5 +3.81 +7.17
-1 .9 3
+5.73 +6.92
-2 .9 9
+5.47
Labor turn-over, October
1936:
1,514
2,262
Separations 6....................
748
9,176 18,907 28,083 10,690 19, 655 30,345
2,122 14,119 19, 688 33,807 15,492 20,437 35,929
Accessions 6......................
1,373
749
Turn-over rate per 100:
1.49
17.74
3.88
1.47
17.28
3.62
1.41
10.39
1.97
Separation rate................
4. 67
10.40
1.85
2.29
18.48
2.14
Accession rate..................
1. 27
17. 96
4.28
1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month.
2 Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
8 N ot including field employees of Post Office Department or 51,666 employees hired under letters of au*
thorization b y the Department of Agriculture, with a pay roll of $2,387,698.
4 Includes 437 employees b y transfer previously reported as separations, not actual additions for October.
6 N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turn-over.

The monthly record of employment in the executive service of the
United States Government from October 1935 to October 1936,
inclusive, is shown in table 10.




24

Table 10.— Employment in the Executive Service of the United States Govern­
ment, by Months, October 1935 to October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]

District
of Co*
lumbia

Outside
District
of C o­
lumbia

1935
October......................
N ovem ber.................
D ecem ber..... ............

110,585
111, 199
112,091

687,115
690, 202
704,135

797,700
801,401
816,226

1936
January.....................
February................. .
M arch______ _______

111, 800
112, 708
112,739

689,499
687, 626
693,665

801, 299
800,334
806,404

M onth

District
of C o­
lumbia

Outside
District
of C o­
lumbia

June...........................

115,422
117,229
117,470

695, 345
700, 999
707,156

810,767
818, 228
824,626

July........ .................
August____________
September____ _____
October......... ...........

116, 261
115,807
115,061
114, 794

714, 600
718, 697
721,093
726, 507

830,861
834, 504
836,154
841,301

M onth

Total

1936
A pril____ _________

T otal

1 Data on number of employees refer to em ployment on last day of m onth.

Construction Projects Financed by the Public Works Adm inistration
D e t a il s concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during October on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 11, by type of project.
Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Administration Funds, October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Wage esarners
T yp e of project

Maximum W eekly
number
em ployed2 average

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

N um ber of
man-hours
worked
during
month

A ver­
age
earn­
ings
per
hour

Value of
material
orders
placed dur­
ing month

Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
A ll projects 3.........................................

* 88,344

82,139

$8,402,007

11,000,559

$0.763

$7,931,634

Building construction 3___ _________
Forestry___________________________
Naval vessels______________________
Public roads 5........... ............. ..............
Reclamation____ ___________________
River, harbor, and flood c o n tr o l___
Streets and roads__________________
Water and sewerage............ ................
M iscellaneous.................. ..................

20,226
3
17,615
(6)
14,208
16,027
2,241
66
460

16, 770
3
16,808
17,498
13, 691
14,854
2,029
46
440

1,889,464
396
2,113,428
868,390
1,455,117
1,921, 590
103,177
3,535
46,910

2,108, 220
360
2, 597,485
1, 639, 200
2 ,053,867
2,297,064
240,715
5, 653
57,995

.896
1.100
.814
.530
.708
.837
.429
.625
.809

2, 729,489
7,220
1,301,898
950,000
1, 332,083
1, 477,960
126,618
1, 651
4,715

Non-Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
A ll projects.......................... .................

46,681

38, 914

$3, 628, 732

4, 052,711

$0.895

$6, 997,812

Building construction........................Streets and roads__________________
Water and sewerage............................
Miscellaneous________ _ ____________

22,236
4,459
16, 321
3,665

18, 284
3,718
13, 768
3,164

1, 714, 542
296, 690
1,393, 334
224,166

1, 792,822
351, 461
1, 543,119
365,309

.956
.844
.903
.614

3, 692, 505
505,176
2 ,161,236
638,895

See footnotes at end of table.




25
Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Administration Funds, October 1936— Continued
Wage e:arners
T yp e of project

M aximum
number
em ployed2

Weekly
average

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

A ver­
age
earn­
ings
per
hour

Value of
material
orders
placed dur­
ing month

Non-Federal “ transportation loan” projects— Financed from
N . I. R . A . funds

All projects........ — ..............................

2, 544

(7)

Railroad construction______________
Railroad car and locom otive shops-.
Operated b y railroads__________
Operated b y commercial firms__

655
1,889

619
(7)
1, 579

1,668
221

(0

$175,102

279,937

$0.626

38,905
136,197
112,969
23, 228

75, 710
204, 227
168, 285
35,942

.514
.667
.671
.646

(7)
$3,191
(7)
9,291
(7)

Non-Federal projects— Financed from E . R . A . A . 1935 funds 8

A ll projects.......................................... .

160,002

Building construction________ ______
Electrification_____ ________________
H eavy engineering_________________
Reclamation. ________ ______________
River, harbor, and flood control____
Streets and roads.____ _____________
Water and sewerage______________
Miscellaneous___________ _________

101,590
586
1,903
559
1,080
19, 659
33, 343
1,282

132, 551 $11, 350, 757

14, 620,162

$0.776

$19,892,955

7,450,618
32, 758
165, 501
38, 343
85, 587
985, 213
2,496,993
95, 744

8,875, 591
43, 588
205, 661
57,088
120,297
1, 774,620
3,423, 061
120, 256

.839
.752
.805
.672
.711
.555
.729
.796

12,120, 527
274, 538
455, 510
38,079
163, 227
2, 305, 554
4, 382,041
153, 479

83, 649
490
1, 642
471
921
15, 582
28, 788
1,008

1
2
3

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
Includes a maximum of 11,201 and an average of 9,196 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E . R. A . A . funds, who were paid $1,005,898 for 1,197,963 man-hours of labor. Material orders
in the amount of $1,503,096 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate tables
covering projects financed from The Works Program.
Includes weekly average for public roads.
fl Estimated by the Bureau of Public Roads.
N ot available; average included in total.
Data not available. .
s These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed by The Works Program.

4
6
7

Federal construction projects are financed by allotments made by
the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and depart­
ments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the
National Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the low-cost
housing program now under way, however, is financed by funds pro­
vided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. The
work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been
awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal
agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public
Works Administration from funds available under either the National
Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to the States and
their political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been
made to commercial firms. In financing projects for the States or
their political subdivisions from funds appropriated under the Na­
tional Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration




26
makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total labor
and material cost. When funds provided under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935 are used to finance a non-Federal project,
as much as 45 percent of the total labor and material cost may be
furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of
the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify
such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the grantee
with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to com­
mercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by the
Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite
date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works Adminis­
tration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public. In this
way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of the
activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public* Works Adminis­
tration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in com­
mercial shops.
Monthly Trend

A summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed from Public Works Administration funds from July
1933 to October 1936 is given in table 12.
Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to October 1936, Inclusive,
on Projects Financed from Public Works Administration Funds.1
[Subject to revision]

Year and month

M axi­
mum
number
of wage
earners 2

July 1933 to October 1936, inclusive3........
July to December 1933, inclusive..............
January to December 1934, inclusive____
January to December 1935, inclusive 3
1936
January3.........................................................
F eb ru a ry3.....................................................
March 3............................................................
A p r il3..............................................................
M a y 3........................................................... .
J u n e 3...............................................................
July *_..............................................................
August 3_................................... .....................
Septem ber3......................................... ..........
October 3„ _ ................................... .............

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Num ber of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

$819,432,180 1, 250,959,578
32,941,335
61, 718,911
308,311,143
523, 561,666
270,027,914
391,336,476
197,820
176,764
202,236
264,427
315,393
349, 572
347,346
342,901
323, 226
297, 571

14, 399,381
12,220,479
13,981,176
18,915,663
22, 590,878
25,840,926
25,968, 991
25,916, 299
24,761, 397
23, 556, 598

19,195,535
16,404,771
18, 519,649
25, 203,010
30,377,869
34,418,037
34,361,366
33,981,338
31,927, 581
29,953,369

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of ma­
terial orders
placed during
month

$0.655 <$1,468,949,774
.534
75,453,114
.589
5 610,051,090
.690
« 439,152, 426
.750
.745
.755
. 751
.744
.751
.756
.763
.776
.786

22,796,818
23, 460, 743
29,068, 402
32,459,393
« 39, 778, 571
37,803,419
43,925,945
39, 292, 653
< 40,872, 317
34,834,883

* Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
* M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
* Includes employees working on non-Federal projects and low-cost housing projects financed from E. R ,
A . A . 1935 funds. These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed b y The W orks
Program.
4 Revised.
* Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment.




27
The Works Program

A d e t a i l e d record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on projects financed by The Works Program in October is shown in
table 13, by type of project.
Table 13.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program, October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T y p e of project

M aximum W eekly
number
em ployed 3 average

Num ber of
Value of
Average material
M onthly
man-hours earnings
orders
pay-roll disworked
per
during
placed dur­
bursements
hour
ing month
m onth
Federal projects

All projects............................................
Building construction..... .............. . . .
F o re s try ................ ...........................
Grade-crossing elimination.................
H eavy engineering________ _______ _
H ydroelectric power p lan ts3_______
Plant, crop, and livestock conserva­
tion---------------------------------------------Professional, technical, and clerical.
Public roads.........................................
Reclamation_______________________
River, harbor, and flood control____
Streets and roads.................................
Water and sewerage. ..........................
Miscellaneous.......................................

437,839 391,635 $21,785,609 47,141,554
42,354
39,565
2,534,881
4, 224, 248
Electrification.......................................
1,320
1,169
72, 626
143,868
26,675
1,352,544
29,611
3,050,088
34,102
41,388
2, 490,894
4,086, 200
140
136
9,673
10,951
2,421
2,289
51, 796
213,133
50,346
17,668
99,141
86, 848
27, 247
3,305
315
35,735

44,287
17, 639
80,394
83,116
24,911
2,976
295
34,081

1, 550,489
1,342, 234
4, 572,479
4,349,839
2,325,471
152, 710
15,314
964,659

6,052, 838
2,124,748
9, 725, 687
9, 571,784
3, 267,954
393,245
29, 293
4, 247, 517

.600
.505
.443
.610
.883
.243

$12,270,703
1,477,884
495, 237
295,515
3,356,211
3,467
21,614

.256
.632
.470
.454
.712
.388
.523
.227

45,479
117,225
3,006,337
1,422, 589
1,539,648
43, 246
16,867
429,384

$0.462

P. W . A. projects financed from E. R . A . A .—1935 funds 4
A ll projects............................................
Building con struction--................... .
Electrification__________ ___________
H eavy engineering............ ............. .
Reclamation................... .....................
River, harbor, and flood control____
Streets and r o a d s ................. .............
W ater and sewerage.......... .............. .
Miscellaneous. .....................................

171, 203
112, 791
586
1,903
559
1,080
19, 659
33,343
1, 282

A ll projects s..........................................
Conservation______________________
Highway, road, and street_________
H ousing___________________ ________
National Y outh Administration s___
Professional, technical, and clerical..
P ublic building............................. .....
P ublicly owned or operated utilities .
Recreational facilities •........................
Sanitation and health_____________
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc____
Transportation____________________
N ot elsewhere classified____________

2, 637, 742

141,747

$12,356, 655

15, 818,125

$0. 781

$21,396,051

92,845
490
1,642
471
921
15,582
28,788
1,008

8,456,516
32,758
165,501
38,343
85, 587
985, 213
2,496,993
95, 744

10,073,554
43, 588
205,661
57,088
120,297
1, 774,620
3,423,061
120,256

.839
.752
.805
.672
.711
.555
.729
.796

13,623,623
274,538
455,510
38,079
163, 227
2,305,554
4,382,041
153,479

Projects operated b y Works Progress Administration

117,158
988,456
5, 229
164,968
235,697
210,766
191, 634
239,183
67,859
289,668
55, 304
70, 506

$132,892, 258 264,853,832
7 5, 561,194 7 11,765,095
44,602, 513 99, 279,167
336, 795
538, 584
2,721,171
7, 254, 379
17,869, 249 26,929, 646
13,080,877 20,729,437
10, 251,018 19, 582, 717
14, 985,864 25,142,308
3,085,112
7,152,414
13, 414, 599 32,899,052
3,075, 234
5,819, 535
3,831, 399
7, 546,084

$0. 502 6 $47,572,532
7 817,938
.473
.449
10, 731,808
.625
4,400
.375
37,659
. 664
566, 242
.631
5, 284,860
.523
3,396, 241
.596
4,471,217
.431
579,073
.408
19, 289,868
.528
1, 649, 748
.508
743,478

* Unless otherwise noted, data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.
4 Includes data for 160,002 employees working on non-Federal projects and 11,201 employees working on
low-cost housing projects. These data are included in tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of
P. W . A.
* Includes data for 1,314 workers in Hawaii who were paid $77,233 for 215,414 man-hours of work for which
a distribution b y type of project is not available.
« The value of material orders placed, excluding those for National Youth Administration projects, is for
the m onth ending October 31, 1936.
7 Includes data for 8,536 transient camp workers who were also engaged on various other projects and who
were paid $182,269 and subsistence for 489,984 man-hours on conservation work, etc., and material orders
placed valued at $5,292.
s These data are for the m onth ending September 30, 1936, and exclude student-aid projects,
* Exclusive of buildings.




28

Monthly Trend

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
by The Works Program from the beginning of the program in July
1935 to October 1936 are given in table 14.
Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 to October 1936, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed by The Works Program 1
[Subject to revision]

M on th and year

N um ber of
M aximum M on th ly pay­ man-hours
number em­ roll disburse­ worked dur­
ments
ployed 2
ing m onth

Value of
Average
material
earnings orders placed:
per hour
during
m onth

Federal projects
July 1935 to October 1936, inclusive

$216,465, 260

481,138, 256

$0.450

$153, 579,124

July to December 1935____ ____ _______

30,077, 743

65,915,609

.456

32,116,942

1936
January___________________ _________
248,929
February______________________ ____
298, 589
M a rch _________________ ______________
325, 505
A p ril_________________________________
375,865
M a y __________________________________
401,298
June________________________________ _
453, 012
451, 570
J u l y _________________________________
451. 960
A ugust_______________________________
439, 897
Septem ber___________________________
437,839
___________ ____ ______________ O ctober

11,179, 541
12, 529, 207
14. 431, 789
16, 563,885
19,160, 510
22. 657, 507
22. 699, 760
22, 794. 588
22, 585,121
21, 785, 609

25,955,820
29,173, 914
35, 243,886
38, 563,300
43, 267, 437
50, 680, 511
48,849, 680
48, 559,862
47, 786, 683
47,141, 554

.431
.429
.409
.430
.443
.447
.465
.469
.473
.462

8,988, 622
9, 684, 578
8, 028, 299
12, 903,903
12, 668,052
14, 431,802
16,198, 583
13,191,899
13,095, 741
12, 270, 703

P. W . A . projects financed from E . R. A . A . 1936 funds *
September 1935 to October 1936, in­
clusive__________ ________________

$83,876, 773

114,055, 779

$0. 735

$172,164,471

September to December 1935_________

715,893

1,083, 394

.661

2, 061, 700

1,128, 635
1, 794,866
3, 032, 280
6, 346.433
9,101, 702
11,435,825
12, 277,476
12,892, 537
12, 794,471
12, 356, 655

1, 621,349
2, 609, 270
4, 525, 546
9, 211, 679
13,011,674
15,843, 765
16, 574, 227
17,159,189
16, 597, 561
15,818,125

.696
.688
.670
.689
.700
.722
.741
.751
.771
.781

3, 632, 378
8, 611, 717
10, 548, 343
14, 725, 726
20,112, 332
20,454, 214
23,404, 501
24,067, 345
23,150,164
21,396, 051

1936
January_____________________________
February________________________
M arch______________________________ _
A p ril___ ______________________ ______
M a y _______________________________
June__________________________________
J u l y _________________________________
August_______________________________
September_____________ ____________ __
O ctober............ ...................... .......... .........

23,740
39,848
64, 223
112,345
149. 334
176,184
188, 076
191,433
184,518
171, 203

Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
$1,492,786,630 3, 294, 644,480

August 1935 to October 1936, inclusive
August to December 1935 __________ _
1936
January______________________________
February.______ ________ _____________
M a rch _______________________________
A p ril............................ ..................... ..........
M a y _________________________________
June_________________________________
J u l y . ... ....................... - ......................... .
A ugust_______________________________
Septem ber................................ ................
October____ _________________________

2,812,391
2,950,481
3,095, 261
2,875, 299
2, 579,937
2, 395,423
2,412,462
2,462, 590
2, 560, 701
2, 637, 742

$0.453 4$443,118, 731

170,911,331

367, 589,041

.465

46,042, 303

128, 383,000
137,182, 000
144.471.000
144.988.000
132,820, 000
126, 253,000
122,774,427
124, 731,158
127, 380,456
132,892,258

314, 664, 210
332,966,010
341, 539,000
333,305,740
297,136,460
275, 661, 570
265,669,182
247, 539, 090
253, 720, 345
264,853,832

.408
.412
.423
.435
.447
.458
.462
.504
.502
.502

19,860,772
17, 896, 597
17, 592, 687
19, 586, 594
22,060,924
22, 674, 265
21,177,078
24, 454, 315
23, 553, 327
47, 572, 532

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th with exceptions noted in the preceding table.
2 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 These data are included in tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the P ublic W orks Adm inis­
tration. The data for October include 160,002 employees working on non-Federal projects and 11,201 em ­
ployees working on low-cost housing projects.
* Includes expenditures of $160,647,337 for rentals and services from the beginning of program through
Sept. 30, 1936, for which m onthly data are not available.




29

Emergency Conservation Work
S t a t i s t i c s concerning employment and pay rolls in Emergency Con*
servation work in September and October 1936 are presented in table
15.

Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work,
September and October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees

Am ount of pay roll

Group
October

September

October

September

A ll groups___________________________________________

404,826

320,821

$17, 662, 545

2 $16,367,897

Enrolled personnel3...........................................................
Reserve officers ____________________________________
Educational advisers 4_ .............. ............ ................ ..........
Supervisory and technical *__________________________

354,083
8,297
2, 157
fl 40, 289

270,337
7, 768
2,114
7 40,602

10,031,019
2,038,922
369,733
fl 5,222,871

8,420.572
2,000,005
362,650
7 5,584.670

* Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amounts of pay rolls are for
entire month.
* Revised.
3 October data include 2,725 enrollees and pay roll of $58,105 outside continental United States; September,
2,406 enrollees and pay roll of $53,083.
* Included in executive service, tables 9 and 10.
* Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
«38,587 employees and pay roll of $5,032,547 also included in executive service, tables 9 and 10.
* 39,500 employees and pay roll of $5,486,409 also included in executive service, tables 9 and 10.

Employment and pay-roll data for Emergency Conservation work­
ers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War
Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of
Commerce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the
Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed
as follows: 5.0 percent are paid $45; 8.0 percent, $36; and the remain­
ing 87.0 percent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay,
are provided with board, clothing, and medical services.
Monthly statistics of employment and pay rolls on the Emergency
Conservation program from October 1935 to October 1936, inclusive,
are given in table 16.
Table 16.— Monthly Totals of Employees and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conserva­
tion Work, October 1935 to October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Num ber
of em
ployees

M on th ly pay­
roll disburse­
ments

October_________ ________
N ovem ber___ ____ _
D ecem ber_______________

554,143
546,683
509,126

$24,880,823
24,021,262
21,958,301

A pril____________________
M a y ___________________
June_____________________
July.......................................

391,002
407,621
383,279
404,422

$18,063,534
18,598,026
17,973,962
18,417,372

1936
January_________________
February________________
M a rch __________________

478,751
454,231
356,273

21,429,044
20,484,493
17,249, 609

August__________________
S ep tem b er_____________
October_________________

383, 554
320,821
404,826

17,840,653
16,367,897
17,662, 545

M on th

1936—Continued

19S5

Data on number of employees refer to em ploym ent on last day of m onth.
entire month.




Num ber M onthly pay­
of em­
roll disburse­
ployees
ments

M onth

Amounts of pay rolls are for

30
Construction Projects Financed by Reconstruction Finance Corporation
S t a t is t ic s of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corpo­
ration in October are presented in table 17, by type of project.
Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon­
struction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of
Value of
man-hours Average
material
worked
earnings
orders
during
per hour placed dur­
m onth
ing m onth

Num ber
of wage
earners

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

All projects............................... - ..............................

8,864

$1,002,648

1,347,317

$0.744

$1,298,645

Bridges_______________________________________
Building construction 2..........................................
Reclam ation..............................................................
W ater and sewerage................................................
Miscellaneous...........................................................

603
833
36
6,624
768

73,965
54,905
2,652
786,828
84,298

71,163
114,685
4,272
1,043,116
114,081

1.039
.479
.621
.754
.739

6,964
228,515
4,680
1,046,686
11,800

T yp e of project

i Data are for the m onth ending on the 15th.
1 Includes 139 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $11,128; 15,794 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed during the month amounting to $51,548 on projects financed b y R F C Mortgage Co.

A monthly summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from October 1935 to October 1936, inclusive,
is given in table 18.
Table 18.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon­
struction Finance Corporation, October 1935 to October 1936 12
[Subject to revision]

M onth

1935
October................................ ..........................
N ovem ber.......................................................
Decem ber.......................................................
1936
January...........................................................
February.........................................................
M arch............................... ..............................
April................................................................
M a y .................................................................

August.............................................................
September.......................................................
October...........................................................

M onthly
pay-roll dis­
bursements

N um ber of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing m onth

Average
earnings
per hour

9,204
9,802
7,792

$953,383
1,002,151
870,129

1,269,897
1,344,959
1,161,473

$0,751
.745
.749

$1,238,053
1,411,729
1,383,330

7,560
7,961
8,134
10,021
10,988
8,501

850,271
905,455
916,059
1,133,880
962,280
941,680

1,093,350
1,179,431
1,193,145
1,479,182
1,244,097
1,252,193

.778
.768
.768
.767
.773
.752

1,355,520
1,436,119
1,385,640
1,292,065
1,441,248
2,527,262

9,843
9,658
10,290
8,864

1,063,728
1,065,744
1,085,642
1,002,648

1,436,201
1,441,791
1,510,109
1,347,317

.741
.739
.719
.744

2,050,370
1,314,692
1,420,444
1,298,645

i Includes projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
* Data are for month ending the 15th.




Value of
material
orders
placed dur­
ing m onth

Number
of wage
earners

31
Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations
W h e n e v e r a construction contract is awarded or force-account
work is started by a department or agency of the Federal Govern­
ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on forms
supplied by the Bureau of the name and address of the contractor,
the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed.
Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Govern­
ment agency doing the work. These reports are returned to the
Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts dis­
bursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project, and
the value of the different types of materials for which orders were
placed during the month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
for which contracts have been awarded since July 1, 1934. The
Bureau does not have statistics covering projects financed from regu­
lar governmental appropriations for which contracts were awarded
previous to that date.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular governmental appropria­
tions during October are given in table 19, by type of project.
Table 19.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
N um ber of wage
earners
T yp e of project

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

147,936 $15,104,683

Maximum W eekly
number
em ployed2 average

Value of
material
order*
placed
during
month

22,895,489

$0,660

$19,009,006

Building construction......................
Electrification....................................
Forestry........ .....................................
Naval vessels.....................................
Public roads *....................................

15,999
120
203
35,173
(4)

13,033
77
199
34,527
63, 760

1,209,317
8,187
14,998
4,744,292
5, 584,119

1,575,470
9,539
26,624
5 ,433,785
9,979,729

.768
.858
.563
.873
.560

2,184,840
13,775
6,743
3,638,118
8,911,182

Reclamation.......................................
River, harbor, and flood control. _
Streets and roads..............................
Water and sewerage. _.....................
Miscellaneous....................................

1,369
33,736
2,838
306
2,485

1,302
30,043
2,630
259
2,106

220,318
3,012,967
151,966
21,584
136,935

274,737
5,013,446
322,241
36,929
222,989

.802
.601 """2,987,878
.472
245,079
.584
41,449
.614
979,942

A ll projects.................................. .

» 155,989

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

* Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
* Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
8 Includes weekly average for public roads.
4 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
* N ot available; average number included in total.

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction
projects financed from regular governmental appropriations from
October 1935 to October 1936 are shown, by months, in table 20.




32
Table 20.—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, October 1935 to October 1936 1
[Subject to revision]

M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Number
of wage
earners

M onth

1935
O ctober........................................................ —
N ovem ber............................................ - .........
D e c e m b e r ....................................................
1936
January...........................................................
February.........................................................
M arch..............................................................
A pril......................................................*........
M a y .................................................................

August.............................................................
September.......................................................
October............................................................

Num ber of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed dur­
ing m onth

59,091
63,912
56,780

$4,193,129
4,077,395
3,707,963

6,716,798
6,559,665
5,980,118

$0.624
.622
.620

$7,181,155
6,690,405
6,155,840

46,895
43,915
47,538
60,107
79,789
102,376

3,990,725
3,619,025
3,674,896
5,205,353
6, 242,763
8,631,104

6,246,418
5,545,115
5,814, 569
8,375,190
10,262,637
13,692,884

.639
.653
.632
.622
.608
.630

5,584,611
6,669,016
7,185,019
9,861,378
12,559,367
12,347,453

126,176
146,822
155,880
155,989

12,424,667
13,423,023
14,093,907
15,104,683

18,940,026
20,277,371
21,371,970
22,895,489

.656
.662
.659
.660

22,333,498
17,584,183
18, 581,381
19,009,006

i Data are for the month ending on the 15th.

State-Roads Projects

A r e c o r d of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the
construction and maintenance of State roads from October 1935 to
October 1936 is presented in table 21.
Table 21.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads
October 1935 to October 1936 1 2
TSubject to revision]
N um ber of employees working on—
M onth
New roads

Mainte­
nance

Total

Total pay
roll

1935
October........................................
N ovem ber...................................
D ecem ber....................................

40,390
32,487
27,046

147,324
139,138
121,690

187,714
171,625
148,736

$8,150,299
7,156,025
6,139,581

1936
January........................................
F e b ru a ry -..................................
M arch...........................................
A p r i l- ..........................................
M a y ..............................................
June..............- ..............................

14,358
10,256
8,150
11,339
16,566
20,773

105,795
119,777
133,386
143,305
164,356
165,363

120,153
130,033
141,536
154,644
180,922
186,136

7,481,502
7,572,614
7,689,770
8,918,024
10,560,866
11,488.253

J uly...............................................
August..........................................
September...................................
O ctober-.......................................

21,744
26,810
34,459
34,136

164,956
158,882
151, 772
149,717

186,700
185,692
186,231
183,853

11,839,215
11,937,585
11,806,481
11,566,892

i Excluding em ploym ent furnished b y projects financed from Public W orks Administration funds and
W orks Progress Administration funds.
> Data are for the m onth ending on the 15th.




O