Full text of Employment and Payrolls : November 1940

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Serial No. R. 1237
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner

f

EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief

NOVEMBER 1940

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON » 1941




CONTENTS
Page

Summary of employment reports for November 1940
Total nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for November 1940
Nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment

1
1
2
6
9
9
11
29

Tables
STJMMABY

TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
November 1940
TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, November
1940-.

6
8

NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 3.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups, _
TABLE 4.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States..
;

10
10

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, November 1940
TABLE 6.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, September through
November 1940
TABLE 7.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes of
employment and pay rolls, November 1939 through November 1940_«
TABLE 8.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment and
pay rolls in identical establishments in October and November 1940
TABLE 9.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wage-rate
changes during month ending November 15, 1940




(Hi)

17
22
26
27
28

E:MPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1923-25=100

INOCX

I9O

inn

J\J

INDEX

ft
1~

IQf\

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/

n

E:MPL OYME:NT

^

/
?
IK

1

PAY ROLLS

inn

CO
An

\no* - I/ v
>

V

40

20

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LAE OR STATISTICS




fin

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

40

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

20

ADJUSTED TO 1937 CENSUS

IV
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Page

TABLE 10.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls, November 1940
TABLE 11.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
November 1940, by type of project
TABLE 12.—Housing projects of the United States Housing Authority—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, November
1940, by geographic division
TABLE 13.—Projects financed by the Work Projects Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects
operated by the Work Projects Administration, November
1940; employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
Federal agency projects, November 1940, by type of
project
TABLE 14.—Projects operated by the Work Projects Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, October
1940, by type of project
TABLE 15.—National Youth Administration student work program and
out-of-school work program, employment, and pay rolls,
November 1940
TABLE 16.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
November 1940
TABLE 17.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, November 1940, by type of project
TABLE 18.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
November 1940, by type of project
TABLE 19.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, November 1940




29
30
31

31
32
32
33
33
34
34

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR NOVEMBER 1940
Total Nonagricultural Employment
TOTAL nonagricultural employment, exclusive of the armed forces,
was 36,546,000 in November, a Jgain of nearly 50,000 since October
and more than 1,100,000 since November of last year. Although the
increase over the month interval was small, it was noteworthy because
employment has shown a decline in November of each year since 1929,
the average decline for the past 11 years having been 400,000. Factory employment showed a contraseasonal increase from October to
November of 62,000 wage earners in contrast to a normally expected
decline of 150,000. There was a seasonal increase of 60,000 workers
in retail and wholesale trade, a gain of 5,000 in mining, and a small
increase in the number employed on construction projects. Employment declines were shown in transportation and public utilities
(56,000), finance and miscellaneous (19,000), and Federal, State, and
local government excluding the armed forces (5,000).
The major portion ofjthe gain of over 1,100,000 in total nonagricultural employment from November 1939 to November 1940 was in
manufacturing industries, which added more than half a million
workers to their pay rolls. Employment on construction projects was
above last year's level, 270,000 more workers being on jobs in November 1940 than a year ago. Wholesale and retail establishments
employed 93,000 more workers, finance, service, and miscellaneous
companies 46,000 more, and transportation and public-utility companies 42,000 more. Employment in the Federal, State, and local
government services was 146,000 higher than a year ago, while the
armed forces, which are not included in the above nonagricultural
totals, showed a gain of 420,000. The mining group showed a decline
of 20,000 in the number of employees.
These figures do not include emergency employment which increased
67,000 as follows: 34,000 on projects operated by the Work Projects
Administration, 3,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps, and
30,000 on the out-of-school work program of the National Youth
Administration.




(1)

Industrial and Business Employment
Gains in factory employment and pay rolls from October to November continued to be widespread, 114 of the 157 manufacturing industries now surveyed showing increases in the number at work and 92
showing larger pay rolls. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries
regularly surveyed, 8 reported increases in the number at work and
6 reported gains in pay rolls.
The gains of 0.7 percent in factory employment and 0.3 percent
in corresponding pay rolls represented increases of 62,300 in the number of wage earners and more than $600,000 in weekly wages. These
increases were in contrast to seasonally expected declines of 1.7 percent in employment, or 150,000 workers, and 3.2 percent in weekly pay
rolls, or $7,000,000. In the durable-goods group of manufacturing
industries employment rose 2.5 percent, while in the nondurable-goods
group there was a decline of 1.0 percent. Most of the increases in
the individual industries were larger than seasonal and most of the
declines were smaller than seasonal.
Defense industries continued to increase their working forces.
The 6 defense industries which have attracted particular attention in
recent months showed employment gains as follows: Aircraft, 10,200
wage earners; shipbuilding, 3,700; engines, 3,000; machine tools,
2,200; aluminum manufactures, 800; explosives, 200. Employment
in these 6 industries has increased by 220,000 or nearly 115 percent
since 1937, the most recent peak year. Other industries stimulated
directly or indirectly by war orders and showing large employment
gains over the month were cotton goods (13,200), woolen and worsted
goods (8,200), foundries (13,500), electrical machinery (10,000),
steel (8,600), brass, bronze, and copper products (4,900), and chemicals (1,400).
Automobile plants again reported a larger-than-seasonal employment gain of 3.5 percent, or 17,700 workers, reflecting a continued
expansion in production. Electric and steam-railroad car-building
firms showed an employment increase of 9.5 percent, or 3,400 workers;
glass factories hired 3.3 precent, or 2,700 men; wirework plants, 6.8
percent, or 2,300 workers; and planing mills, 2.8 percent, or 2,000
workers. Most of the industries showing declines usually have recessions in November, among them being canning (38.9 percent), millinery (20.0 percent), boots and shoes (4.8 percent), women's clothing
(3.5 percent), and beverages (3.1 percent).




Among the 67 industries recently added to the monthly report,
employment increased in the following industries affected by defense
activity: Chemical fire extinguishers (11.3 percent), firearms (10.4
percent), abrasives (10.2 percent), ammunition (7.6 percent), instruments and apparatus (5.5 percent), screw-machine products (5.1
percent), machine-tool accessories (4.8 percent), and optical goods
(4.7 percent).
In retail trade, there was a better-than-seasonal employment gain
of 1.8 percent, or 47,000 workers, due largely to the substantial increase in the general merchandise group. Department stores took
on 5.8 percent more workers; variety stores, 6.9 percent; general
merchandise stores, 5.5 percent; and mail-order houses, 5.8 percent.
Men's and boys' clothing stores gained 2.6 percent more workers;
family clothing stores, 2 percent; and stores dealing in women's clothing
maintained employment at the high October level. Grocery stores
took on 1.1 percent more workers, jewelers increased their employees
4.4 percent to handle holiday trade, and automobile dealers reported a
gain of 0.8 percent. Firms dealing in lumber and building materials
decreased employment by 2.5 percent; heating and plumbing equipment, 4.1 percent; and paint, glass, and wallpaper, 1.9 percent.
A contraseasonal employment gain of 1 percent, or 17,000 workers,
was reported by wholesalers between mid-October and mid-November,
small increases being shown in most of the major lines of wholesale
trade. Wholesale dealers in farm products reported a substantial
seasonal gain (19.4 percent), while in the automotive and dry goods
and apparel groups employment declines of 2.5 percent and 0.1
percent, respectively, were reported. Assemblers and country buyers
took on 7.3 percent more employees; dealers in chemicals, drugs, and
allied products, 4 percent; metals and minerals, 3 percent; and jewelry
and optical goods, 1.6 percent.
Anthracite mines increased their workers by 1.9 percent and pay
rolls rose by 16.5 percent, reflecting increased production during the
first half of November. In bituminous coal mines, the employment
gain of 0.8 percent, which was less than the usual November increase
of more than 2 percent, was coupled with a pay-roll rise of 1.1 percent.
Metal mines again took on more workers (0.4 percent), continuing
the series of monthly gains which began in April. Quarries curtailed
employment 2.9 percent, one of the smallest November declines
recorded during a 12-year survey of this industry. Employment
remained at about the October level in telephone and telegraph,




brokerage, and insurance offices and in street railway and bus operations. Dyeing and cleaning plants and laundries reduced their
working forces less than seasonally by 2.9 percent, and 0.7 percent,
respectively, crude petroleum producers by 1.6 percent, and electric
light and power companies by 0.7 percent.
Private building construction employment decreased 4.2 percent
from October to November and pay rolls dropped 13.7 percent. The
drop in employment was about equal to the average November
decrease of the past 8 years (5.0 percent), while the observance of the
Armistice Day holiday and inclement weather in many sections
during the reported pay period contributed to the sharp decrease in
weekly pay rolls. The level of employment in November 1940 was
22.2 percent higher, and weekly pay rolls 18.4 percent higher, than in
November 1939. Only slight changes in employment were registered
in the Pacific States (+0.7 percent), East South Central States
(+0.2 percent), and the West South Central States (—0.7 percent).
Large percentage decreases were reported for the Mountain States
(14.1 percent), West North Central States (9.7 percent), South
Atlantic States (6.1 percent), Middle Atlantic States (5.1 percent),
New England States (4.4 percent), and the East North Centra] States
(3.5 percent).
Reports from general building contractors and special trade contractors showed net employment declines in November of 2.8 percent
and 5.5 percent, respectively, with each of the special building trades
surveyed reporting an employment decrease except glazing, building
insulation, ornamental metal contracting, and structural steel erection,
which showed employment gains of 9.1 percent, 5.7 percent, 3.2
percent, and 0.1 percent, respectively. The most marked decreases
in the special building trades were reported by firms engaged in
painting and decorating (13.4 percent), excavating (9.0 percent), and
brick and stone masonry (8.8 percent).
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for
class I steam railroads showed a decrease in employment of 2.7 percent
between October and November, the total number employed in November being 1,043,733. Corresponding pay-roll figures for November were not available when this report was prepared. For October
they were $176,589,188, a gain of $4,947,004 since September.




HOURS AND EARNINGS

The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners
were 38.6 in November, a decrease of 1.7 percent since October. This
decrease was due largely to the observance of Armistice Day. The
corresponding average hourly earnings were 67.8 cents, an increase
of 1.0 percent over the month interval. The average weekly earnings
of factory workers were $26.93, a decrease of 0.5 percent since October.
Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries regularly surveyed 5 reported
increases in average weekly earnings. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing
industries for which man-hours are available, only 2 showed gains in
average hours worked per week but 11 reported increases in average
hourly earnings.
Wage-rate increases between October 16 and November 15 were
reported by 265 of the 33,706 manufacturing establishments which
supplied employment information in November. These increases
averaged 8.3 percent and affected 91,256 of the 6,376,836 wage earners
covered. Among the industries reporting wage increases were brass,
bronze, and copper products (33,835 wage earners affected), foundry
and machine-shop products (6,416), sawmills (5,799), smelting and
refining of copper, lead, and zinc (4,265), automobiles (3,993), paper
and pulp (2,384), shipbuilding (2,302), electrical machinery (2,204),
and dyeing and finishing (2,132).
Out of a total of approximately 92,000 nonmanufacturing establishments reporting in November (excluding building construction firms)
47 showed wage-rate increases averaging 6.0 percent and affecting
4,323 workers out^lof ,a total of about^3,000,000 employees covered.
The only nonmanufacturing industry in which a substantial number of
employees was affected |by wage-rate increases was the metal mining
industry (2,517).
As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an
industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report
wage changes, these figures should not ]be construed as representing
the total 'number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing industries.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings for
November 1940 are given in table 1 for all manufacturing industries
combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, for water transportation, and for class I railroads. Percentage changes over the
month and year intervals are also given.

288672—41-




6
TABLE 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, November 1940
Employment

Percentage
change
from—

Percentage
change
from—

Percentage
change
from—
AverIndex
Index
age in
NTovemNovem
Novem1940 OctoNober 1940 October 1940 Octo- vemNovember November
ber ber
ber
ber
1939
1939
1940
1940 1939
1940

Industry-

All manufacturing
combined i

Average weekly
earnings

Pay roll

industries

Class I steam railroads 2
Coal mining: 4
Anthracite 4
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph s__.
Electric light and power s___
Street railways and busses «1,
Trade:
Wholesales
Retail»
9
Hotels (year-round)
Laundries 4
Dyeing and cleaning 4
Brokerage
Insurance
Building construction
Water transportation "__

1923-25
= 100)
110.8
+0.7

+6.6

58.4

-2.7

+.5

(1929=
100)
50.4
90.0
72.9

+1.9
+.8
+.4

-1.9
-5.2

100)
37.6
84.6
70.8

47.4
61.4

-2.9
-1.6

-3.7

42.6
56.5

+4.0
+1.5

101.8
106.0
70.2

7

-.2

80.6
86.9
83.7
87.3
78.0

+.5
+1.3

79.1
91.6
68.6

+.1

91.9
96.0
92.5
99.5
106.2

+1.0
+1.8

il

75.9

-.7
-.1

-1.1
-.7
-2.9

+.1

-4.2
-5.1

+9.7
+.8

-1.0

+2.9
+.7
+4.1
+8.6
-12.2
+1.7
+22.2

1923-25
= 100)
114.8
+0.3

+16.5
+1.1
-1.9

-!8
-5.3

+.4
+.2

-13.7

+12.9

$26.93 - 0 . 5

+5.8

+10. 8

-10. 5
-12.2

24. 56 +14.3
25.10
+.3
30. 38 - 1 . 2

-5.2

22. 50 -6.2
o
33.78

-8.8
-7.4
+1.1
-1.7
-1.5

+5. 6 6 31. 58
+3.4 6 35. 29
+1.2 e 33. 44
+1.9
+3.9
+2.3
+5.4
+10. 2
-12.3
+2.6
+18.4

6 30.46
6 20. 71
615. 65
18.16
20.10
6 37. 24
« 36. 37
30.44

-.2
-.6

-.5
-.5

+.5

—.1
-2.5

+.4
+.1

+1.5
+1.9
+2.3
+2.2
+1.0
+1.6
+1.2
+1.4
-.2
+.8
-3.2

1 Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures. See also table 9 in the September 1940
issue
of this pamphlet.
2
Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission,
a Not available.
4
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue
of this pamphlet.
8
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in the MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to
April
1940. Revised series available upon request.
6
Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet
dated earlier than January 1938, or in the MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW dated earlier than April 1938 (except
for the January figures appearing in the March issue), as they now exclude corporation officers, executives,
and
other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
7
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor
companies.
8
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of this
pamphlet.
9
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
*° Less than Mo of 1 percent.
" Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission.

Public Employment
Construction projects financed from appropriations to regular
Federal agencies furnished employment to 631,000 workers in the
month ending November 15. The number of men at work on building
construction projects rose to 296,000, a gain of 158,000, as compared




with the preceding month. Approximately 11,000 more men were
given jobs on ship construction. Employment on other types of
construction projects financed from regular funds declined 16,000
during the month, leaving a net gain of 153,000. Pay-roll disbursements of $65,139,000 on all types of projects were $13,412,000 greater
than in October.
Contractors on low-rent projects sponsored by the United States
Housing Authority curtailed employment to the extent of about
2,000 workers in the month ending November 15. Wage payments
of $5,503,000 to the 51,000 buiJding-trades workers employed were
$74,000 less than in October.
The number of workers employed on construction projects financed
from Public Works Administration funds dropped to 31,000 in the
month ending November 15, a decrease of 7.000 from October. Payroll disbursements amounted to $3,614,000.
Reports from contractors indicate that there was no change in
employment on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation. Wage payments to the 2,000 men employed
during the month ending November 15 totaled $192,000.
Employment on work-relief projects operated by the Work Projects
Administration showed a gain of 34,000 in November Pay-roll
disbursements of $90,811,000 to the 1,746,000 workers on relief
projects were, however, $8,560,000 less than in the preceding month.
In the same period approximately 73,000 workers were employed on
Federal agency projects financed by the Work Projects Administration, an increase of 2,000 over October. Pay rolls on these projects
were $3,475,000.
The National Youth Administration reported employment gains
on the student-work program and the out-of-school work program.
An increase of 98,000 brought employment on the student-work
program up to 440,000 in November and a gain of 30,000 on the outof-school work program lifted the total to 267,000. Wage payments
totaled $3,068,000 on the former and $5,504,000 on the latter.
Employment in camps of the Civilian Conservation Corps rose
3,000 in November. Of the 321,000 on the pay rolls, 286,500"were
enrollees; 1,500, educational advisers; 200, nurses; and 32,800, supervisory and technical employees. Pay rolls amounted to $14,016,000.
Increased employment was reported in all the regular services of
the Federal Government. Employment in the executive service
reached 1,112,000, a gain of 25,000 over October. The armed forces
of the United States Government were increased by 88,000 in Novem-




8
ber. Slight increases were reported in the judicial and legislative services. Of the 1,112,000 employees in the executive service 153,000
were working in the District of Columbia and 959,000 outside the
District. Force-account employees (employees on the pay roll of the
United States Government who are engaged on construction projects,
and whose period of employment terminates as the project is completed) were 12 percent of the total number of employees in the executive service. Employment increases were reported in the War, Navy,
Treasury, and Post Office Departments and the Department of the
Interior while a decrease was reported in the Federal Works Agency.
Employment on State-financed road projects dropped 29,000 in
November. Of the 179,000 on the pay roll, 51,000 were engaged in
the construction of new roads and 128,000 on maintenance. Pay-roll
disbursements of $12,676,000 were $2,838,000 less than in October.
A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal
services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal
funds is given in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Regular Federal Services and
on Projects Financed Wholly or Partially From Federal Funds, November 1940
[Preliminary figures]

Pay rolls

Employment
Class
October
1940

Percentage
change

1, 111, 530 1,086,639
2,919
2,841
5,932
5,892
821, 662
733, 220

+2.3
+2.7
+.7
+12.1

November 1940

Federal services:
Executive l

Judicial.

Legislative

._ -

Military

Construction projects:
Financed by regular Federal
appropriations.-_ ___
477, 397
630,848
U. S. H. A. low-rent housing
52, 555
50,806
Financed by P . W. A.»
37,824
31,117
Financed by K. F. C.3
1,832
1,826
Federal agency projects financed by
Work Projects Administration
73, 306
71, 674
Projects operated by W. P. A
1, 746,065 1, 711, 674
National Youth Administration:
Student-work program...
341,199
439, 548
Out-of-school program
_ 266, 759
236,312
Civilian Conservation Corps
321,157
318,453

November
1940

October
1940

$168,388.802 $166,485, 603
656, 398
669,379
1, 299,002
1, 294, 629
47,902,197
52, 796,914

Percenage
change
+1.1
+2.0

—.3

+10.2

+32.1
-3.3
-17.7
-.3

65,138,967
5, 502, 764
3, 614,039
191, 592

51, 727, 448
5, 577, 218
4,191, 769
215, 858

+25.9

+2.3
+2.0

3,474,911
90,810,663

3, 373,145
99, 370, 355

+3.0

+28.8
+12.9
+.8

3,067, 736
5, 504,433
14.016,434-

2,160, 889
4,943, 231
14,058, 799

+42.0
+11.4
-.3

-1.3
-13.8
-11.2

-8.6

1
Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the
extent of 164,277 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $21,692,218 for November 1940, and 159,960 employees
and pay-roll disbursements of $22,909,162 for October 1940.
2
Data covering P . W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act
of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed by the Work Projects Administration. Includes 4,629 wage earners 'and $473,672 pay roll for November 1940; 5,429 wage earners and
$570,344 pay roll for October 1940, covering Public Works Administration Projects financed from Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 23,979 wage earners and $2,906,994 pay roll
for November 1940; 30,177 wage earners and $3,402,104 pay roll for October 1940, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation
Act of 1938.
»Includes 606 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $63,405 for November 1940; 756 employees and payroll disbursements of $94,921 for October 1940 on projects financed by the R F C Mortgage Co.




9

DETAILED TABLES FOR NOVEMBER 1940
Estimates of Nonagricultural Employment
THE revised estimates of "total nonagricultural employment," given
on the first line of table 3, represents the total number of persons
engaged in gainful work in the United States in nonagricultural
industries, including proprietors and firm members, self-employed
persons, casual workers, and domestic workers, but excluding military
and naval personnel, persons employed on W. P. A., or N. Y. A.
projects, and enrollees in C. C. C. camps. The series described as
" employees in nonagricultural establishments" does not include
proprietors, self-employed persons, domestic servants, and casual
workers, as well as the grougs excluded from " total nonagricultural
employment." The estimates for "employees in nonagricultural
establishments" are shown separately for each of seven major industry
groups. Tables giving revised figures for each group, by months, for
the period from January 1929 to date are available on request.
In addition to the revision of the Government estimates to exclude
military and naval forces, revisions were made which affected several
other industry groups. These revisions were based on data for 1939
and the first half of 1940 compiled from the reports of employers in
connection with unemployment compensation.
The figures represent the number of persons working at any time
during the week ending nearest the middle of each month. The
totals for the United States have been adjusted to conform to the
figures shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations for the number of
nonagricultural "gainful workers" less the number shown to have
been unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. Separate estimates for "employees in nonagricultural establishements"
are shown in table 4 for each of the 48 States and the District of
Columbia for October and November 1940 and November 1939.
Tables showing monthly figures for each State from January 1938 to
date are available on request. Because the State figures do not
include employees on merchant vessels and because of certain adjustments in the United States estimates which have not been made on a
State basis, the total of the State estimates will not agree exactly with
the figure for the United States as a whole.
These estimates are based in large part on industrial censuses and
on regular reports of employers to the United States Bureau of Labor
Statistics and to other Government agencies, such as the Interstate
Commerce Commission. Data derived from employers' quarterly
reports in connection with "old-age and survivors7 insurance," and
employers7 monthly reports in connection with unemployment compensation have been used extensively as a check on estimates derived
from other sources, and in some industries they have provided the
most reliable information available.




10
TABLE 3.—Estimates of Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups
[In thousands]
Change

Change
November 1939
to November
1940

November 1940
(preliminary)

October

October

Novem-

1940

vember

ber 1939

Total nonagricultural employment*

36, 546

36,497

+49

35,418

+1,128

Employees in nonagricultural establishments 2
Manufacturing
Mining
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Trade
Finance, service, and miscellaneous
Federal, State, and local government:
Civil employees
Military and naval forces3

30,403
10,435
861
1,583
3,065
6,422
4,167

30,354
10,373
856
1,580
3,121
6,362
4,186

+49
+62

29,275
9,886
881
1,310
3,023
6,329
4,121

+1,128
+549

3,871
822

3,876
733

3,725
402

+146
+420

Industrial group

1940

+5
+2

-56

+60
-19
-5

+89

-2C

+272
+42
+92
+46

1
Revised series—Excludes military and naval forces. Also excludes employees o n W . P . A . and N. Y. A.
projects, as well as enrollees in C. C. C. camps. Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons,
casual workers, and domestic servants.
2 Excludes all of the groups omitted from "total nonagricultural employment" as well as proprietors, firm
members,
self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants.
8
Not included in totals shown above. Includes members of the National Guard inducted into the Federal
service by act of Congress.

TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by States
[Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed
forces of the United States, employees on merchant vessels, persons employed on W. P. A. and N. Y. A.
projects, and enrollees in C. C. C. camps]
[In thousands]

November 1940
'preliminary)

Change October to
November 1940

October
1940

NovemV\/\*« 1 OQft

Number Percentage

New England
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts. _
Rhode Island. _.
Connecticut

2,606
185
127
77
1,354
243
620

2, 594
188
128
78
1,353
240
607

+12

+0.5

-3
-1
-1

-1.3

Middle Atlantic
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania.. _

7,887
3,916
1,213
2,758

7,871
3,908
1,219
2,744

+16

East North CentralOhio....
Indiana
.__
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin

7,057
1,822
815
2,297
1,479
644

7,020
1,816
817
2,284
1,456
647

West North Central.
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota. _.
South D a k o t a Nebraska
Kansas

2,377
533
406
744
78
85
204
297

2,383
532
407
776
79
86
205
298




Change November
1939 to November
1940

+1
+3

+13

+8
-6
+14
+37
+6
-2

+13
+23
-3

-.6
-.7

+.1

+1.3
+2.3
+.2
+.2
-.4

+.5
+.5
+.3
-.2

+.6

+1.6
-.4

-6

-.3

+1

+.1

-1
-2
-1
-1
-1

•t

-.2
-.3

-1.8
-.6
-.5
-.3

DGr luou

Number
2,509
186
126
75
1,315
238
569

+97
-1

+1
+2

+39

+5

+51

7,679
3,863
1,136
2,680

+208
+53
+77

6,659
1,750
764
2,202
1,324
619

+398
+72
+51
+95
+155
+25

2,329
519
400
761
75
82
201
291

+48
+14

+78

+6
+13
+3
+3
+3
+6

Percentage
+3.9
j

+l!2
+3.3
+3.0
+2.1
+8.9
+2.7
+1.4
+6.8
+2.9
+6.0
+4.1
+6.7
+4.3
+11.7
+4.1
+2.0
+2.7
+1.3
+1.7
+3.4
+3.7
+1.4
+2.1

11
T A B L E 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural
by States—Continued

Establishments

[In thousands]

November 1940
(preliminary)

South Atlantic
Delaware.. _ _
Maryland-.
District of Columbia
Virginia-.
_
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia. _
Florida
East South Central
Kentucky
Tennessee.Alabama
Mississippi

_. _

West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
.
Nevada
Pacific._
Washington

_ _

_
-

Oregon
California

November 1939

October
1940

Number

Percentage
+.8
-5.0
+.7
+.8
+.1

3,589
75
523
359
508
376
611
286
482
369

+27

526
361
509
376
613
287
480
393

+24

-2

+.4
+0)
-.3
+6.5

1,390
365
456
380
189

1,389
366
460
376
187

+1

+.1

+4
+2

+1.1
+.8

1,867
183
391
294
999

1,864
183
388
295
998

+3
+3

+.2
+
(i)
+.8

+1

+.1

778
114
86
53
226
69
90
108
32

787
114
87
54
230
69
89
111
33

Q

1.1
-.5

2,433
430
231
1,772

2,466
436
235
1,795

3,616

_.

Change October to
November 1940

+3
+2
+1
0

+2
+1

A

0

—.1

-.2
-.9

-.6

Number
+169
+4
+29
+35
+25
+14
+11
+16
+41

+2.3
+3.8
+3.5
+11.7

1,345
365
440
356
184

+45
0
+ 16
+24
+5

+3.4
-0)
+3.7
+6.9
+2.4

1,822
179
377
295
971

+45
+4
+14

+2.5
+2.2
+3.7

-1

-.4

+28

+2.9

+ 15
+2

+2.1
+1.5

0

+6
+2
+3
+2
+1

-!i
+2.7
+3.1
+3.0
+2.0
+6.0

+117
+17
+5
+95

+5.1
+4.2
+2.1
+5.7

+1

-2.3
-1.8
-.8
+1.0

-3
-1

-2.3
-1.2

-33
-6
-4
-23

-1.4
-1.3
-1.8
-1.3

2,316
413
226
1,677

i

Percentage

3,447
67
497
326
484
382
599
276
464
352

763
112
87
53
220
67
87
106
31

0
-1
-1
-4
0

Change November
1939 to November
1940

—6

+4.9
+5.0
+6.0
+10.8
+5.2
—1.4

* Less than 0.1 percent.

Industrial and Business Employment
Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for
157 manufacturing industries, 16 nonmanufacturing industries including private building construction, water transportation, and
class I steam railroads. The reports for the first 2 of these groups—
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Thefigureson water transportation are based on estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission and those on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. They are presented in the foregoing
summary.




12
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are based on the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100 and are adjusted to 1937 census data.
They relate to wage earners only and are computed from reports
supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 90 of the
157 manufacturing industries surveyed. These reports cover more
than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners ii)
the 90 industries covered.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
and dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for
public utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are
mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum production they cover
wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting
samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from
approximately 25 percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing and
cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for quarrying
and nonmetallic mining, anthracite mining, and public utilities.
The indexes for retail trade have been adjusted to conform in general with the 1935 Census of Retail Distribution and are weighted by
lines of trade. For the public utilities they have been adjusted to the
1937 Census of Electrical Industries, for wholesale trade to the 1933
census, and for coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing
and cleaning to the 1935 censuses.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and the amount of pay
rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
The average weekly earnings shown in tables 5 and 6 are computed
by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As
not all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours
worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based
on data furnished by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size
and composition of the reporting sample vary slightly from month
to month. Therefore, the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly
comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed
to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the
general movement of earnings and hours over the period shown. The
changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are based
on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from
November 1939 are computed from chain indexes based on the monthto-month percentage changes.




13
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE HOURS, AND
AVERAGE EARNINGS
The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in November
1940 are shown in table 5. Percentage changes from October 1940
and November 1939 are also given.
The employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for September, October, and November, 1940, where available,
are presented in table 6. The September and October figures, where
given, may differ in some instances from those previously published
because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late
reports.
In table 7 indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and non-durablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from November 1939 to November 1940, inclusive. The accompanying chart indicates the trend of
factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to November
1940.
Use of average hourly earnings in "escalator" clauses * —Average

hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in table 6,
have been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
since 1932. These averages are published for the use of those who
wish either to compare the average earnings of wage earners in different industries or to study the changes in average earnings over a
period of time.
Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated.
The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group may
change from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By
reason of changes in the wages paid or (2) by reason of changes in the
composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different
periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident
that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners
employed in a high-wage industry increases proportionally more than
employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings
for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place
even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any
wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual
i Reprint from the August Employment and Fay Rolls pamphlet.
288672—41

3




EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1923-25-100

INDEX
140

INDEX
140

K

120

120

E MPL OYME NT ^
100

80

J

hft/
/
\

|

p

80

#
PAY ROL LS

\ >
60

/

>

/v
r

60

/

40

20

1919

1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS




100

\

40

1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939

20
1940

ADJUSTED TO 1937 CENSUS

15
hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage
earners in the group. The averages contained in table 6 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods, and for the various
subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products,"
reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure
the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work
in each respective period.
To an increasing extent use is being made of these average hourly
earnings figures in so-called "escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that
might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise
no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have
been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments
to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly
earnings in the durable-goods industries.
It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's
average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable
to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with a certain degree of caution. The purpose for which they were compiled
limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of
change in labor rates. In these months the averages show a seasonal
movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly
earnings figure in the durable-goods industries dropped from 73.2 cents
in June to 72.7 cents in July. This drop was due not to a general
decline in wages in this period but almost entirely to the fact that employment in the automobile industry declined sharply as the result of
mpdel changes. This industry is a high-wage industry in which the
average hourly earnings are about 95 cents an hour. Between June
and July employment in the automobile industry dropped from 104.9
to 82.3. This relative decline, of a purely seasonable character, in the
number of highly paid automobile workers was very largely responsible for the decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in
durable-goods industries.
By way of illustration of the problem involved, it would be possible
to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in
the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at
work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries, the
same weights in July and August that they had in June, and considering
only the influence of changes in average earnings in each industry, we
find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the published figures
from July to August. This means that from June to August the
currently published figures show a slight decline over this 3-month
interval, whereas the series computed with constant weights shows a
small gain.




16
It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type of
average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the contracts already drawn; least of all can the method of compiling an
average be changed. It is obvious, however, that, in incorporating any
statistical series in legal documents, careful consideration should be
given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and
to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau
are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's
series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied,
these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in
the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the
one hand a careful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the
contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to
discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in
mind.




TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing

Industries, November 1940

MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. New series—adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures for all industries except automobiles and not comparable to indexes published
in the July 1939 and earlier issues of the pamphlet. Comparable series available upon request]

Industry

Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery

Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills_.
Bolts, nuts, washers and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
.__
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam
fittings
Stoves—
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware*
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools
files, and saws)
Wirework
See footnotes at end of table.




Average h o u r s w o r k e d
p e r week *

Av<jrage hourly
(earnings i

Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Index change from— Novem- change from— Novem- change from— N o v e m - change from—
NovemNovember
ber
ber
ber
ber
Octo- Novem- 1940
Octo- Novem- 1Q4.fl
Octo- Novem- 1940 Octo- NovemOcto- Novem- 1940
ly4U

All Manufacturing

Average weekly
earnings i

Pay rolls

Employment

110.8
112.6
109.1

119.3
127.3
128.1
86.3
112.6
83.3
109.0
94.2
190.1
102.2
104.7
86.5
100.2
111.6
203.5

ber

ber

1940

1939

+0.7
+2.5

+6.6
+14.5

-1.0

i

ber
1940

114.8
124.0
104.5

108.3
106.2
122.3
88.1
210.7

+1.1

+7.4
+4.6
+8.3
+11.5
+3.0
+19.0
+2.4
+13.3
+14.3
+17.1
+9.0
+13.9
-.4

103.4
99.2
78.7
104.1

+5.3
+6.8

+17.0
+17.8

124.0
235.1

+1.9
+1.7
+5.7
+2.8
+1.1
+3.7
+3.5
+3.6
+.4
+2.8
-1.2
-1.2

125.8
134.6
161.5
89.2

ber

ber

1939

1940

+12.9

$26. 93

+22.7
+2.1

31.11
22.08

+1.8 +9.7
+2.8 +5.8
+8.0 +13.4
+5.1 +20.7
+1.9 +6.5
+3.9 +26.8
+3.0 +3.1
+3.5 +13.5
- 3 . 2 +23.0
+1.0 +29.7
- 6 . 4 +12.1
- 1 . 2 +17.3

31.01
33.43
30.30
24.57

-8.0

+9.5
+3.9

+0.3
+1.5
-1.3

-0.5
-1.0
-.3

-.2

+1.1
+2.2
+2.2
+.7
+.3

25.10
34.39
27.56
27.25
26.00

— ()
-3.6

-1.2

30.78
27.26
29.26
23.47

-1.8
-5.3
-2.3
-6.9

+27.5
+17.7

27.82
28.45

+4.0

-.5

-2.7

ber
1939

ber
1940

ber
1939

38.6

-1.7

40.2.
37.1

-2.0
-1.5

+0.2
+1.8

+2.1
+1.4
+3.7
+8.2
+3.4
+6.7
+.7
+.2
+7.5
+10.7
+2.9
+3.0

39.6
39.1
42.4
40.6

+.7
-.2
+2.1

+4.3

-.4
-.9
-.8

+1.4
-GO

+9.0

+5.8
+7.1
+2.1

-.8

— (2)

— 7

-1.7

+.1
-.2

-1.1

40.8
42.4
40.4
38.8
38.9

-1.1
-4.1

42.1
39.8
40.0
37.0

-2.2
-5.1
-2.2
-7.6

43.4
40.7

+2.7

+3.8

-2.9

-2.4

-2.7
-3.8
-.3

+5.5
+.6

+1.9
-6.0

Cents
67.8
74.4
61.3

78.1
85.7
71.5
60.3
63.4
81.7
68.3
70.1
66.3
72.7
68.1
73.2
63.5
64.3
70.9

ber

ber

1940

1939

+1.0
+.8
+.9

+.5
+.5
+2.4
+.3
+2.0
+1.1
+.3
+1.1
+.2
+.3
-.1

+.4
+1.3
+.2

+4.5
+4.6
+3.1

+2.1
+1.3
+4.7
+4.2
+6.8
+5.3
+.7
+3.9
+7.8
+5.1
+2.5
+1.1
+4.3
+4.9
+2.0

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, November 1940—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employment

Pay rolls

Average weekly
earnings *

Average hours worked
per week *

Average hourly
earnings 1

Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Index change from— Novem- change from— Novem- change from— Novem- change from—
NovemNovember
ber
ber
ber
Octo- Novem- 1940
Octo- Novem- 1940
Octo- Novem- 1940
Octo- NovemOcto- Novem- ber
1940
ber
1940
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
1939
1939
1940
1939
1939
1940
1939
1940
1940
1940

Industry

Durable goods— Continued
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrics machinery, apparatus, and supplies*.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation
equipment
Aircraft 3
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad..
Locomotives
Shipbuilding

Jewelry
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc_.




136.6
133.6
120.6
199.7
110.1
265.9
159.4
82.7
130.7
146.0
4,478.1
129.5
61.6
42.2
204.2

Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording de-

lumber and allied products.._
Furniture

131.1

_

._

129.8
208.3
162.4
106.7
110.5
109.8
79.6
94.8
74.4
97.0

+3.0 +18.1 149.3
+2.8 +27.5
160.4
+9.6
+1.0 +14.2
+1.3
144.0
+5.2
+1.3 +12.0
+1.2
145.0
+4.9 +32.3
+3.9 +20.0
273.2
+3.7 +96.4
+4.9 +82.0
114.8
+2.8 +21.7
+3.2 +15.4
+.9 +49.1
+3.1 +44.5 354.7
-5.3
- 2 . 6 -11.3
-8.6
155.7
-1.8
-2.8
80.1
+1.7
+3.8
166.0
+2.2
+1.7 +32.1
+3.1
+2.2 +56.4
166.9
+4.7 +40.5
+8.8 +131.8 5,175. 3 +11.6 +164.6
+ . 8 +42.1
150.5
+3.5 +26.5
53.7
+9.5 +32.4
+6.7 +33.5
43.6
+7.4 +61.8
+8.7 +73.8
- 2 . 2 +69.5
239.0
+3.5 +53.7
+3.7 +22.5
+2.9 +14.4
141.4
+2.6 +19.5 256.4
+2.7 +31.1
+6.1 +28.5
+4.8 +18.3 201.7
+2.2 +22.0
121.7
+2.0 +14.5
-.2
94.4
-3.5
+3.3
+3.8
100.0
+2.8 +17.5
+3.6 +28.0
81.4
+3.7
+4.5
+4.0
+8.4
95.8
+.2 +10.2
+2.6 +12.3
70.9
0
-3.8
+3.1
+1.9
90.4
-1.1
+.2
+.2
+4.9

31.65
31.29

-0.2

33.77
31.61

+.1
+1.1
-1.1

36.21
30.99
36.85
23.97
26.56
31.13

-.3

-.4

-2.2
-2.8
-2.0
-1.3

36.39
33.44
38.11
27.40
31.61
34.91

-2.4
+2.5
-2.6
-2.6
+1.2
-5.5

30.02
29.93
33.98

+.7
+.1
+1.3
+.2
-3.3
+.8
+.3
+2.3
-3.8
-1.3

25.39
23.57
28.31
29.44
28.46
20.75
22.23

+8.0
+4.2
+6.4
+10.2
+8.0
+5.4
+3.2
+3.0
-1.0
+29.3
+11.3
+9.3
+12.3
+.9
+7.4
+10.3
+7.1
+9.8
+8.6
+6.6
+.4
+8.9
+3.7
+1.9
+1.2
+4.7

42.0
39.0
40.6
41.9
43.2
41.6
48.0
39.2
39.9
45.5
40.4
44.9
39.9
37.4
40.0
38.6
41.4
41.1
42.6
41.6
39.6
40.8
44.1
38.4
38.9
40.2

-0.9

+2.8
+1.1
.1
+4.6
+.5
+4.6
-2.6
+2.6
-1.3
+1.7
-2.0
+2.0
-2.2
-3.0
—2.7
-3.1
-.6
+20.4
-3.2
+7.7
-.4
+5.7
-3.3
+7.5
-.7
+.5
-.4
+5.2
-7.1
+2.6
-1.4
+1.4
-.6
+1.5
-1.8
+1.5
+3.5
-.9
-5.2
-1.7
+.2
+4.2
— 5 +.8
-1.7
+'2
-1.8
-4.5
-.6
-3.1
-.8

Cents
75.2
80.6
83.9
75.7
83.4
74.5
76.8
61.3
66.7
68.4
90.2
75.1
95.5
73.0
79.0
89.1

+0.7
+.6
+.3
+.6
+1.5
+.9
-.2
-.6

+.7
-.8

60.6
59.0
69.5
67.6
74.0

+.5
+.8
+.7
-1.8
+1.6
+1.5
+2.2
+.7
+3.1
+1.0
+1.7
+.6
+.5
+2.1

52.6
55.5

+1.9

72.7
72.8
79.9

+.6

+4.3
+2.8
+2.3
+5.2
+4.7
+3.2
+ 1.0
+6.6
+2.1
+7.4
+3.2
+1.2
+4.5
+.3
+2.1
+6.0
+5.9
+8.3
+6.8
+2.7
+3.2
+4.4
+3.4
+3.6

+2.7
+5.1

OO

Lumber:
Millwork_.
Sawmills..
Stone, clay, and glass products
^
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
•
.
Glass
.
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery

88.9
65.5
73.9
117.0
46.3
102.4

+11.1
+.8
+1.6 +4.0
+.8 +1.2
- 2 . 3 .+5.2
+3.3 +7.0
-3.2
-7.5
+4.5 +7.7

82.2
54.4
72.9
130.8
31.9
96.3

105.5
98.7
81.6
98.1
87.3
132.0
82.0
144.9
73.2
76.5
150.0
65.2
98.7

+1.0
+2.7
+2.5
+3.2
+5.0
+2.6
+2.4
+1.5
-2.8
+.6
-4.7
+.9
+4.9

92.3
90.9
73.1
92.3
87.1
113.5
73.7
160.4
63.5
72.5
129.5
52.2
88.9

116.3
104.8
165.5
113.2
128.4
60.9
120.6

-2.2

-2.0

+.4

+.1

71.2
66.1

+2.8
-.8

58.2
60.9

+10.3
+.2
+4.2
-1.0
-1.3
+•1
-3.5
+9.6
+.7 +8.1
-14.6 -17.2
+3.8 +8.2
-.3

-6.5

22.55
19.06

-3.1
-5.8

25.17
21.47
28.22
27. 26
23.96
24.00

-2.5
-2.0
-1.2
-2.5
-11.8

17.80
17.71
24.80
15.24
19.39
21.07
24.49
19.67
18.15
16.02
19.24
16.43
20.92

-1.9
-1.1
-2.1
-1.0

-3.5
-1.6
-5.4
-3.0

-.7

-.8
rj

+.2
-1.1

+4.2
+1.2

-10.4
-.1

41.2
37.7
37.1
37.4
39.5
36.6
34.0
37.6

-3.4
-5.7
-2.7
-3.0

-3.5
-2.3
-1.7
-1.9

-2.2
-10.2
-1.0

-.7

-.7

+2.5
-10.4
-2.0

54.8
50.5
67.1
57.2
71.2
74.6
70.8
63.6

+.1
-.1
2

+( )

+1.0
-.5
-.3

-1.3

+.3

+2.5
+1.6
+2.0
+1.0
+1.5
+1.9
-.3
+5.0

Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products

Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing andfinishingtextiles
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods.._
Wearing apparel
_.
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's *
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars

Leather and its manufactures..

Boots and shoes
Leather

Food and kindred products

Baking
Beverages *
Butter
C anning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
See footnotes at end of table.




87.0
84.1
83.9
132.5
145.5
263.0
99.4
123.2
102.4
79.0
70.9
116.2
277.0
93.5

-2.0
-2.0
-4.1

+1.3

-6.1
-1.6
-7.3
-6.3
-5.8
-5.3
-2.7
-16.4

+3.9

+.5
+.6

-1.5
-2.9
-6.0
-8.4
-5.5

89.6
76.4
119.7
121. 1
140.4
40.9
112.8

-3.3
-4.8

+2.8

-5.3
-5.5
-4.6

68.5
62.5
82.8

-6.2

+2.1

-.2

-.7

-3.1

+.7
+5.7
+1.6
+4.5
+1.5
+2.4
+7.7

128.7
138.3
302.3
82.2
100.6
100.1
72.3
61.0
118.9
288.0
83.7

-3.5
-20.0
-1.1

+3.9
+.4

-38.9
-1.9
-3.9

+6.0
+3.8
-1.6

-3.4
-.3

-1.0

+1.6
+.4
+2.2
+5.0
+1.8
+8.5
+1.5
-3.1
+.5
-5.0
-.4

+1.5

-.4
-.8

-3.7

+1.6
-3.5
-1.5

+.8

- 52. 6

+(
)
-3.4

-1.5
-18.2

+8.5
+.4
+.5

0
-.8

+6.0j
-!3
-.1
-.4

-1.3
-3.2

+4.9

+3.0
+.2
+1.1
-15.8
-4.0

18.05
18.81
19.00
17. 95
16.65
20.07
14.77

-6.7
-9.5

-3.7
-3.2
-5.1

18.59
17. 03
24.57

-3.6
-5.0
-1.3

-4.1

+2.7
+1.0
+2.9
+3.9
-.6
+4.1
+2.6
+5.6
+5.6
+1.7
+8.2

24.43
26.20
33.61
21.77
15.54
19.05
24.59
29.61
26.82
28.81
25.36

+2.2

-5.6
-1.2
-8.7
-2.5

-26.1
-1.5

+1.5
-.7

-3.9

• -41.0
+.7
-3.0
-7.1
-4.6

+2.7
+32.7
+1.0

+4.3
-7.7
-.4

-.4
-.8

-3.0
-3.5
-3.4
-5.3
-.7

-3.1

+27.8
+2.6

+1.6
+1.2
+.5
+.3
+2.6
+.1
+8.6
+.6
+6.1
+2.3
+1.4
-2.1
+4.5
+2.5
+.4
+4.5
+3.1
+7.7
-8.0
+1.7
+1.7
+2.4

35.5
36.8
36.6
37.0
39.1
38.6
33.6
36.0
36.9
36.3
38.7
36.0
36.8

-1.2
-1.3
-2.5

33.0
31.1
33.7
36.1
37.2
28.6
34.8

-1.2
-1.5

+.6
+1.8
+2.2

-.6

-1.8
-2.0
-.4

+1.2
+3.1
-2.0
+5.3
+8.6

n

-.5

-1.4

+6.8
-.2

-1.4
-.7

-2.4
-1.9
-3.7

-2.1
-1.4
-2.6
-1.0
-1.7
-1.1

+7.4
-.3
+1.0
-2.5
-1.3
-4.2
-2.9

50.4
48.7
67.9
41.2
49.7
54.3
72.8
54.7
48.4
44.2
49.5
45.4
56.9

-4.8

-3.3
-4.0
-3.0
-2.1

-6.7
-2.1

-12.4
-2.8

53.9
60.1
52.8
48.5
43.1
66.0
41.7

33.5
32.4
37.9

-3.8
-4.7
-1.5

-2.3
-2.1
-3.0

55.9
53.4
65.8

39.3
41.0
38.0
44.3
33.4
38.7
40.5
43.7
39.0
49.3
39.5

-1.8
-1.5
-2.0
-2.2
-11.2
-3.5
-4.4
-1.3
-3.3

-2.0

63.2
64.0
89.3
48.7
48.0
49.5
60.9
65.8
68.6
55.1
64.1

-.3

+1.3

+36.3
+3.5

+1.7

-.9
-.5

-1.8
-4.7
-2.4
-.5
-.6

-2.7

rj

+7!b

-.5

+.2
+.5
-.1
+.5
+.5
-.3
-.2

+1.1

+.6
+3.1
+.6
+.4
-1.3
-.1

-3.5

+.4
+2.4
+2.6
+.1
+.5
+.2
+.1
+3.6
+.8
+.9
-.6
+8.3
-( 2 )
-.6
-.1

+.1

-3.9

o

+2.9
+2.7
+3.2
+1.4
+4.1
+1.3
+4.3
+.8
+4.4
+4.8
+2.6
+1.6
+7.2
+3.2
+3.1
+2.6
+4.1
+7.3
+3.7
+2.9
+4.5
+5.0
+2.3
+1.9
+2.6
+2.6
+1.5
-1.2
+1.5
+1.4
+2.5
+.7
+7.1
+1.5

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, November 1940—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employm*snt

Industry

Average weekly
earnings

Pay roll

Average hours worked
per week

Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Index • change from— Novem- change from— Novem- change from— Novem- change from—
NovemNovember
ber
ber
Octo- Novem- 1940
Octo- Novem- 1940
Octo- NovemOcto- Novem- 1940
Octo- Novem- ber
ber
ber
l»40
ber
1940
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
1940
1939
1939
1939
1939
1940
1939
1940
1940
1940

Nondurable goods— Continued
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
C igars and cigarettes

66.8
55.8
68.1
118.2
126.1
115.7

Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals

102.5
118.2

Chemical, petroleum, and coal products
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals*
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal*_Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap

125.3
120.7
126.4
148.0
126.9
116.2
147.2
92.2
126.0
314.5
84.5

Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other

94.5
61.0
75.3
162.9




Average hourly
earnings

+0.5

+0.6

-1.5

-8.7

66.4
66.5
66.3

-2.2

115.4
144.0
123.8

+.6
+.4
+1.6
+.5
-.1

+.3
0
-.4

+.1
+1.7
-3.2
-1.8

+1.8
+.6
+.4
+1.5
+1.3
+2.2
-2.4

+3.4
+7.5
+6.0
-1.3

+1.6 +38.7
-4.6
+.7
+.7
+.7
+ 1.1
+.3
-4.8

+1.9
+4.0
+1.7
41.5

-4.6

+.6
-2.1

+1.0

*+i.o

90.1
112.4
139.6
133.6
141.5
181.7
121.6
130.8
186.5
77.1
135.8
331.4
100.2
102.7
65.7
90.7
162.7

-0.2
-1.7

+5.6
-1.8

18.14
19.21
17.95

-0.6
2

-.9
-.7

39.35
22.79
26.35

-.3
0
-.5

+.1
+.2
+1.6

+6.5
+1.1

-1.0

+.8
+.2

+1.6
+2.9
+4.9

-2.0

-3.1

+.9 +7.5
+3.1 +12.5
-5.1
+5.9
-.3
-1.7
+3.1 +46.2
-6.4
+1.7
-(2)
+3.3
+2.7 +6.8
-6.5

-4.0

+3.1
+4.5
+4.5

+2.9

+.4

-1.3

+5.5
+.1

30.62
38.06
29.87
34.28
28.23
32.72
15.50
25.53
34.95
15.31
29.35
26.95
27.93
29.45
24.76
35.32
24.29

-.5

-.8

+.5
+.2

+5.0
+7.8
+4.7
+.4
+1.2
-1.1

+.2
+1.6
+2.6

-1.6

-.6

+.7

+4.0
+4.6
+1.0
+5.4
+.2
+ 2.5
+6.4
+1.2
+2.3
+.9
+4.6

+ 1.4
-2.0

+.1
+1.5
-2.5
-.7

+1.6
-1.7

+1.2
+.5
+2.8
-1.1

-.9

37.2
35.0
37.4

-1.0
-1.6
-1.0

+2.1
+2.2
+1.8

Cents
48.6
54.9
47.9

38.4
40.4
40.2

-1.0
-1.7
-.9

-3.0
-2.9
-6.0

79.3
56.5
65.6

38.2
35.2

-1.5
-1.6

-1.7
-1.9

81.2
102.9

38.8
35.7
39.8
40.4
45.0
39.5
39.8
33.9
40.2
39.1
38.9

-1.2
-1.9
-1.0

+.1

-1.7

-2.5

-1.8
-3.1

76.5
97.6
69.6
81.1
33.0
61.7
86.8
45.2
73.1
69.0
71.8

37.9
40.1
36.3
39.0

-.4

-.9
-.7

-4.6
-2.2

+.9

-2.6
-.2

+1.6
+ 1.8
-2.5

+.5
+.6

-.2
-.2

+.3
+1.7
-1.8
-.6

+( 2 )

+3.3
-3.4

78.1
61.7
97.2
62.7

+0.4
+1.0
+.4
+.5
+1.3
+.5
+.8
+.3
+1.3
+.4
+1.8
+1.8
+.8

+1.1
+2.2
+2.1
+1.5
+-7
+.9
+.9

-1.0

+1.1
+1.2

+3.0
+5.3
+3.1
+3.9
+4.1
+5.1
+2.1
4-2.0

+2.7
+1.1
+4.2
+4.1
+.8
+4.7
+5.6
+.4
+2.2
+4.5
+3.0
+1.7
+1.0
+1.4
+2.7

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
? Coal mining: 4
I
Anthracite «4
I
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
* Quarrying and nonmetalic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 6677.. _
Electric light and power 6 7 8
Street railways and busses
Trade:
Wholesale 69
Retail 6 7
Food?
General merchandising 6 7_.
Apparel 7 7
Furniture 7
Automotive
Lumber 7 4 6 1 1
Hotels (year-round)
Laundries 4
Dyeing and6 cleaning 4
Brokerage
Insurance 6
B uilding construction
1

50.4
90.0
72.9
47.4
61.4

+1.9
+.8
+.4

79.1
91.6
68.6

+•1

91.9
96.0
104.7
109.7
91.8
77.4
85.9
77.4
92.5
99.5
106.2

+1.0
+1.8
+.9
+6.0
+.4
-.5
+1.1

(10)
(10)
(10)

-2.9
-1.6

-!i

-2.5
-1.1
-.7

-2.9

+(*)
+.1
-4.2

-1.9
-5.2

+9.7
+.8
-3.7

37.6
84.6
70.8
42.6
56.5

+4.0
+1.5

101.8
106.0
70.2

-.2

80.6
86.9
96.8
96.2
83.2
70.1
82.2
71.7
83.7
87.3
78.0

-1.0

+2.9
+.9
+3.6
+1.3
-3.4
+5.5
+3.1
+7
+4.1
+8.6
-12.2
+1.7
+22.2

(10)
(10)
(10)

+16.5 -10.5 $24. 56 +14.3
+1-1 -12.2 25.10
+.3
-.8
+10.8Q 30.38 - 1 . 2
-8.9
-1.9

+5.6
+3.4
+1.2
+.5 +1.9
+1.3 +3.9
+1.0 +2.7
+4.2 +4.1
+.7
+1.2
0
-1.8
+3.1 +9.2
-5.7
+1.4
-.5
+2.3
-.8
+5.4
- 5 . 3 +10.2
+.4 -12.3
+.2 +2.6
-13.7 +18.4

Revised series. Mimeographei sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request.
Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller
number of establishments than average earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish manhours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes
in the size and composition of the reporting sample.
» Less than Mo of 1 percent.
3 Revised series—Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey made by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published
indexes from January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period
given
in table 9 of the September issue of this pamphlet.
4
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in January 1938 issue of pamphlet.
s See table 7 of October 1940 issue for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average
hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite
mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive.
6
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
published in this pamphlet prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers,
executives,
and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
7
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census.
Not comparable to indexes published in this pamphlet prior to January 1940 or in
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEWS prior to April 1940, with but 1 exception, retail furniture,
which has been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936.
Comparable series for earlier months available upon request.




-5^2

-.7
-.9

-.7

8

22.50
33.78

-6.2

31.58
35.29
33.44

-.8

30.46
20.71
23.69
17.31
21.12
28.39
28.64
25.87
15.65
18.16
20.10
37.24
36.37
30.44

-.5
-.5

-.3

2
-.6

+.2
+.8
+.6
+2.0
-3.2
+.5
-1.7

-.1

-2.5

+.4
+.1

-9.9

-8.8
-7.4

+1.1

-1.7
-1.5

+1.5
+1.9
+2.3
+2.2
+1.0
+1.9
+.5
-.7
+1.7
+3.5
-1.6
+1.6
+1.2
+1.4
-.2
+.8
-3.2

26.2
28.5
41.0
38.8
37.8

+14.9
+.8

39.4
39.6
45.5

q
-1.6
-.5

+1.0

40.7
42.3
43.0
37.8
38.1
44.2
47.0
41.2
46.3
42.2
41.9

-1.4

-1.7

(10)
(10)

31.6

-2.2
-7.8
-.6

Q

-'.9
-1.3

+.8
-.4
-.3

-4.5

+0.1

-9.3
-7.9
-1.3
-4.2
-1.6

92.6
88.5
74.4
57.9
87.6

-.9

80.7
88.9
72.4

+L1

74.6
53.4
52.8
45.1
55.3
67.9
61.7
63.2
33.5
43.3
49.2

+.9
+.3
+1.1
-1.2
+.7
-.3
+2.6
+.5
+.5
+1.0
+.4
(10)

-1.1
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)

-.1
o
-2^4
(10)
(10)

+1*4
(10)
(10)

(10)
(10)

-10.9

-5.6

96.5

+.5

-.1

+1.0
+1.7
+.1
4
-.2

+0.4
+.5
+2.5
+2.7
0
-1.0
+2.8
+1.6
+4.2
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)

+1.6
+1.9

(10)

-.1
(10)
(10)

+1.0

+2.6

Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance."
9
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent
issues of this pamphlet.
10
Not available.
11
Cash payments only; value of board, room, and tips not included.
•Because of expansion in reporting, sample figures are not comparable with those previously published as indicated:
Tin cans—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 63.3 cents);
Electrical machinery—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 75.6
cents);
Women's clothing—Average weekly earnings (comparable August figure $20.80);
average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 55.4 cents);
Beverages—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 87.5 cents);
Chemicals—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 79.8 cents);
Cottonseed oil—Average weekly earnings (comparable August figure $14.91),
average weekly hours (comparable August figure 42.2), average hourly earnings
(comparable August figure 34.2 cents).

TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures for all industries except automobiles. Not comparable to indexes published in
pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request]
Employment index
Industry

All manufacturing

Average weekly
earnings1

Average hours worked
per week *

Average hourly
earningsl

Novem- Octo- Sep- Novem- OctoSep- Novem- OctoSep- Novem- OctoSep- Novem- OctoSepber
ber
ber
tember
ber
ber
ber
tember
ber
ber
tember
ber
tember
ber
tember

_

Durable goods
Nondurable goods
___
Durable goods

_
_

_

1940

1940

1940

1940

1940

1940

_

110.8

110.0

107.7

114.8

114.5

110.1

_

112.6
109.1

109.9
110.2

105.5
109.8

124.0
104.5

122.2
105.9

114.1
105.6

119.3
127.3
128.1
86.3

117.1
125.2
121.3
83.9

113.6
123.2
117.9
81.9

125.8
134.6
161.5
89.2

123.6
131.0
149.5
84.8

112.6
83.3
109.0
94.2
190.1

111. 3
80.4
105.3
91.0
189.4

107.0
76.7
101.2
88.5
176. 5

108.3
106.2
122.3
88.1
210.7

102.2
104.7
86.5
100.2

99.4
105.9
85.6
101.4

94.3
101.2
83.4
105.2

111.6
203.5

106.0
190.6

131.1
136.6

Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
_
__.
__
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills. _
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metal work
Tin cans and other tinware *
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws
Wirework
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.

Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies*.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools




Pay-roll index

1940

1940

1940

1940

1940

1940

1940

1940

1940

$26. 93 S27.13

$26.54

38.6

39.3

38.8

Cents
67.8

Cents
67.3

Cents
67.1

31.11
22.08

31.42
22.28

30.57
22.20

40.2
37.1

41.0
37.6

40.2
37.5

74.4
61.3

73.9
60.9

73.7
61.1

118.1
127.9
139.1
79.3

31.01
33.43
30.30
24.57

30.97
33.04
29.68
24.10

30.60
32.77
28.38
23.02

39.6
39.1
42.4
40.6

39.9
38.8
42.4
39.8

39.2
38.4
40.9
38.3

78.1
87.5
71.5
60.3

77.8
85.1
70.0
60.2

77.9
85.4
69.4
59.7

106.3
102.2
118.8
85.1
217.8

100.7
91.9
113.5
80.8
201.1

25.10
34.39
27.56
27. 25
26.00

25.02
34.30
27.74
27.26
26.96

24.65
32.51
27.53
26.57
26.71

40.8
42.4
40.4
38.8
38.9

40.9
42.8
40.6
39.2
40.8

40.2
40.9
39.8
38.3
40.5

63.4
81.7
68.3
70.1
66.3

62.2
80.8
68.4
69.5
66.2

62.4
79.6
69.1
69.4
66.0

103.4
99.2
78.7
104.1

102.5
105.9
79.6
113.1

91.1
97.4
74.8
116.8

30.78
27.26
29.26
23.47

31.34
28.78
30.02
25.16

29.34
27.54
28.99
25.01

42.1
39.8
40.0
37.0

43.2
41.9
41.0
40.0

41.2
40.4
39.5
39.6

72.7
68.1
73.2
63.5

72.7
68.4
73.3
63.2

71.5
68.2
73.5
63.4

99.9
164.7

124.0
235.1

113.3
226.3

104.0
189.0

27.82
28.45

26.81
29.26

26.33
28.39

43.4
40.7

42.2
41.9

41.4
40.3

64.3
70.9

63.7
70.8

63.8
71.5

127.3
134.9

123.1
133.5

149.3
160.4

145.3
158.8

137.9
156.2

31.65
31.29

31.22
31.17

42.0
39.0

42.4
39.2

41.8
39.1

75.2
80.6

74.9
80,2

133.6
120.6

132.0
116.1

131.8
111.2

144.0
145.0

142.1
138.2

140.3
131.4

33.77
31.61

31.71
31.41
33.68
31.26

33.23
31.21

40.6
41.9

40.5
41.7

40.2
41.3

83.6
75.2

199.7
110.1
265.9

190.4
106.7
257.8

182.2
103.4
248.0

273.2
114.8
354.7

263.4
111.7
351.7

249.4
105.4
332.3

36.21
30.99
36.85

36.74
31.18
37.69

36.24
30.31
37.02

43.2
41.6
48.0

44.4
42.1
49.1

44.7
41.2
48.4

83.9
75.7
83.4
74.5
76.8

74.6
79,9
83.1
75.7
80.5
73.4
76.6

82.2
74.0
77.0

61.8
66.5
68.9

62.1
66.6
65.2

40.0
44.6
38.6
38.0
40.2
40.9

61.3
66.7
68.4
90.2
75.1
95.5
73.0
79.0
89.1

89.8
74.7
94.9
74.3
77.8
87.7

90.0
73.8
95.0
76.3
78.5
87.4

42.0
41.4
43.4

41.5
41.1
42.7

72.7
72.8
79.9

71.2
72.2
77.4

71.0
72.4
77.5

41.6
39.6
40.8
44.1
38.4

42.0
42.0
40.7
44.3
38.3

40.3
41.8
40.8
42.4
39.1

60.6
59.0
69.5
67.6
74.0

60.3
58.0
69.2
67.3
72.7

59.4
58.2
69.3
65.8
71.8

21.06
22.07

38.9
40.2

40.7
41.3

39.9
40.6

52.6
55.5

52.4
54.7

52.5
54.6

23.30
20.23

22.84
19.85

41.2
37.7

42.6
40.0

41.8
39.2

54.8
50.5

54.7
50.6

54.6
50.7

25.17
21.47
28.22
27.26
23.96
24.00

25.75
21.87
28.55
27.90
27.03
24.06

25.27
21.62
29.18
26.90
26.87
23.45

37.1
37.4
39.5
36.6
34.0
37.6

38.1
38.5
39.9
37.4
37.8
37.9

37.4
38.1
40.1
36.0
36.9
37.5

67.1

67.1

57.2
71.2
74.6
70.8
63.6

56.6
71.6
74.7
71.7
63.4

67.2
56.5
72.7
75.0
72.7
63.1

17.80
17.71
24.80
15.24
19. 39
21.07
24.49
19.67
18.15
16.02
19.24
16.43
20.92
18.05
18.81
19.00
17.95
16.65
20.07
14.77

18.10
17.95
25.31
15.41
19.41
21.15
23.19
19.68
18.22
16.03
19.34
16.63
21.62
18.53
18.99
19.98
18.49
15.96
21.65
14.92

18.09
17.57
23.90
15.11
19.01
20.81
25.00
18.87
18.41
15.59
20.25
16.50
21.47
19.51
19.72
21.82
18.35
14.88
31.87
14.16

35.5
36.8
36.6
37.0
39.1
38.6
33.6
36.0
36.9
36.3
38.7
36.0
36.8
33.0
31.1
33.7
36.1
37.2
28.6
34.8

35.9
37.3
37.5
37.2
39.2
39.1
31.3
36.1
37.4
36.7
39.6
36.6
38.2
33.4
31.5
33.8
38.0
36.8
30.7
35.6

35.7
36.4
35.6
36.4
38.2
38.2
33.1
34.2
38.0
36.0
40.7
36.1
37.6
34.4
32.7
35.1
37.8
34.6
39.8
33.8

50.4
48.7
67.9
41.2
49.7
54.3
72.8
54.7
48.4
44.2
49.5
45.4
56.9
53.9
60.1
52.8
48.5
43.1
66.0
41.7

50.9
48.7
67.5
41.4
49.6
53.9
73.0
54.8
47.9
43.8
48.2
45.3
56.6
55.2
60.2
54.7
48.3
42.1
64.4
41.6

51.4
48.7
67.1
41.5
49.9
54.2
73.8
55.1
48.0
43.6
49.5
45.5
57.1
56.3
60.3
56.3
48.3
41.7
71.1
41.6

Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts

159.4
82.7
130.7

163.6
79.7
126.8

159.5
78.1
122.5

155.7
80.1
166.0

164.3
78.8
163.2

161.5
76.4
137.2

23.97
26.56
31.13

24.74
27.24
31.52

24.89
26.84
27.43

39.2
39.9
45.5

40.1
41.0
45.8

40.2
40.4
42.1

Transportation equipment
Aircraft»
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuilding

146.0
4478.1
129.5
61.6
42.2
204.2

139.5
4115.9
125.1
56.2
39.3
197.4

126.9

3764.3
112.1
53.6
35.6
188.1

166.9
5175.3
150.5
53.7
43.6
239.0

163.3
4639.4
149.3
50.3
40.1
244.3

141.5
4211.9
125.2
49.5
36.6
227.5

36.39
33.44
38.11
27.40
31.61
34.91

37.39
32.62
39.24
28.12
31.24
36.93

35.60
32.37
36.67
28.94
31.57
36.08

40.4
44.9
39.9
37.4
40.0
38.6

41.6
44.3
41.3
37.7
40.2
41.7

129.8
208.3
162.4

126.1
203.0
154.9

119.8
195.3
146.6

141.4
256.4
201.7

136.3
249.7
190.0

128.0
239.3
177.6

30.02
29.93
33.98

30.00
29.91
33.37

29.38
29.75
32.97

41.4
41.1
42.6

106.7
110.5
109.8
79.6
94.8

104.6
110.8
106.8
76.7
94.6

100.5
102.7
99.7
72.9
92.4

121.7
94.4
100.0
81.4
95.8

119.1
97.8
96.5
78.2
93.4

108.6
90.8
90.2
70.1
91.8

25.39
23.57
28.31
29.44
28.46

25.35
24.37
28.22
29.34
27.82

23.98
24.45
28.26
27.69
28.05

74.4
97.0

74.4
96.8

73.4
94.6

70.9
90.4

73.7
91.3

71.2
87.4

20.75
2°.?3

21.49
22.49

71.2
66.1

69.3
66.6

66.7
66.3

58.2
60.9

58.4
65.1

55.0
63.8

22.55
19.06

88.9
65.5
73.9
117.0
46.3
102.4

87.5
65.0
75.7
113.2
47.9
98.0

85.8
64.7
75.1
109.3
48.7
93.6

82.2
54.4
72.9
130.8
31.9
96.3

83.0
55.1
75.5
129.8
37.3
92.8

79.7
54.0
76.8
120.7
37.6
86.5

105.5
98.7
81.6
98.1
87.3
132.0
82.0
144.9
73.2
76.5
150. 0
65.2
98.7
116.3
104.8
165.5
113.2
128.4
60.9
120.6

104.5

102.6
92.8
75.8
91.7
79.0
124.8
86.4
138.6
73.2
73.8
153.6
63.6
88.8
120.7
107.8
171.1
112.1
122.5
87.1
121.5

92.3
90.9
73.1
92.3
87.1
113.5
73.7
160.4
63.5
72.5
129.5
52.2
88.9
89.6
76.4
119.7
121.1
140.4
40.9
112.8

93.2
89.5
72.8
90.3
83.0
111.4
68.0
158.1
65.6
72.1
136.3
52.4
87.6
94.9
77.4
131.1
124.2
133.8
55.3
114.6

92.6
84.8
65.4
85.3
77.3
106.5
77.1
146.9
64.3
68.0
138.3
51.1
82.1
102.5
82.9
141.5
122.9
120.3
93.8
108.1

Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices
Jewelry
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
lumber and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
_._
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products
___
_
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
D yeing and finishing textiles
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's*
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars
See footnotes a t end of table.




96.1
79.6
95.1
83.2
128.6
80.1
142.8
75.3
76.0
157.3
64.6
94.1
118.9
104.4
171.5
112.6
127.7
76.1
•121.9

00

TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employment index
Industry

Nondurable goods
leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
Leather
Food and kindred products
Baking
__
Beverages*
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes..
- _
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals
Chemicals, petroleum, and coal products
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals*
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal*
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Rubber products
_
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods other




Novem- October
ber
1940
1940

_

._ .

.

Pay-roll index

Sep- Novem- October
tember
ber
1940
1940
1940

Average weekly
earnings

Sep- Novem- Octotember
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940

87.0
84.1
83.9
13.15
145.5
263.0
99.4
123.2
102.4
79.0
70.9
116.2
277.0
93.5
66.8
55.8
68.1
118.2
126.1
115.7

90.0
88.4
81.6
141.3
145.9
271.3
95.7
201.5
102.0
80.6
73.8
109.6
266.9
95.0
66.5
56.6
67.7
117.7
124.1
115.1

90.8
89.7
79.9
147.4
146.6
283.3
99.8
268.9
96.2
80.7
81.2
108.0
101. 5
91.5
65.8
56.1
66.9
116.2
120.3
116.7

68.5
62.5
82.8
128.7
138.3
302.3
82.2
100.6
100.1
72.3
61.0
118.9
288.0
83.7
66.4
66.5
66.3
115.4
144.0
123.8

73.4
69.1
81.6
134.2
139.2
314.4
81.6
170.5
103.2
77.9
64.0
115.8
217.1
82.9
66.5
67.6
66.2
115.2
141.7
123.8

74.6
72.0
76.8
138.5
140.8
332.2
88.4
231.7
98.3
81.3
69.9
112.6
116.3
78.3
65.9
67.1
65.7
113.4
134.3
124.2

102.5
118.2
125.3
120.7
126,4
148.0
126.9
116.2
147.2
92.2
126.0
314.5
84.5
94.5
61.0
75.3
162.9

102.6
117.8
125.3
121.2
126,3
145.6
131.1
118.3
144.9
96.7
125.1
311.1
88.8
92.7
58.7
74.0
160.5

99.7
116.0
123.0
122.6
123,1
143.4
81.0
117.6
147.8
95.6
126.1
311.7
87.9
89.4
56.1
72.6
152. 4

90.1
112.4
139.6
133.6
141. 5
181.7
121.6
130.8
186.5
77.1
135.8
331.4
100.2
102.7
65.7
90.7
162.7

91.0
111.5
139.3
136.3
140. 3
176.2
128.2
133.0
180.9
82.4
135.8
322.6
107.2
99.6
62.9
86.7
162.1

87.8
111.1
138.1
139.2
137.8
170.9
78.1
132.6
175.4
85.4
135.6
327.7
107.0
95.7
59.5
84.6
152.8

Average hours worked
per week

Sep- Novem- October
tember
ber
1940

1940

$18.59 $19.28 $19.37
33.5
17.03
17.93
18.32
32.4
24.57
25.04
24.09
37.9
23.48 * 3 9 . 3 '
24.43
23.82
4
26.20 t 26. 31 26.60 I 1 -°
33.61
33. 83 34.25 * 38. 0
21.77
22.60
23.30 i" 44. 3
15.54
16.11
16.40 f 33. 4
19.05
19.63
38.7
19.94
24.59
25.98
40.5
27.04
29.61
30.03
43.7
29.84
26.82
27.64
39.0
27.38
26.81
20.98
29.55 I 49.3"
25.36
24.71
39.5
24.23
18.14
18.25
18.42 f 37.2
19.21
19.28
35. 0"
19.32
17.95
18.05
37.4
18.24
T
29.35
38. 4
29.18
29. 20
22.79
22.77
40.4
22.19
26.35
26.45
40.2
26.12
30.62
38.06
29.87
34.28
28.23
32.72
15.50
25.53
34.95
15.31
29.35
26.95
27.93
29.45
24.76
35.32
24.29

30.89
37.85
29.96
34.93
28.13
32.39
15.91
25.51
34.44
15.71
29.60
26.53
28.42
29.31
24.64
34.37
24.57

30.55
38.46
30.08
35.32
28.31
31.80
15.50
25.58
32.74
16.59
29.40
26.99
28.69
29.15
24.38
34.08
24.38

*38.2
*35.2i
38.8
35.7
39.8
40.4
45.0
39.5
39.8
33.9
40.2
39.1
38.9
37.9
40.1
36.3
39.0

1940

34.8
34.0
38.3
40.0
41.5
38.7
45.2
37.6
40.1
42.4
44.4
40.3
36.4
38.2
[37.6
35.7
37.8
38.7
40.9
40.5 (
38.8"
35.9
39.3
36.4
40.2
40.6
46.2
40.0
40.1
35.5
41.1
38.7
39.9
38.0
39.5
35.7
40.0

Av( )rage hourly
sarnings

Sep- Novem- October
tember
ber
1940
1940
1940

September
1940

Cents
Cents
Cents
55.7
55.8
34.8
55.9
53.3
53.7
34.3
53.4
65.7
65.3
37.1
65.8
63.2
61.0
40.3
60.3
63.5
64.1
41.6
64.0
88.3
88.0
39.2
89.3
48.9
49.2
46.9
48.7
44.0
43.5
38.5
48.0
49.3
50.1
40.3
49.5
61.2
61.6
43.7
60.9
65.8
64.4
45.6
65.8
68.4
69.1
39.6
68.6
57.0'
71.0
42.7
55.1
64.6J
65.7
36.9
64.1]
37.8 > 48.6^ 48.4'
48.7
54. 9
54.4
54.3
35.7
48.2
47.8i
38. 0^ 47. 9,
79.2
79.3
79.2
38.4
56.1
56.0
56.5
39.8
65.4
65.4
65.6^
39.9
38.5
36.1
38.9
36.2
39.8
39.8
43.5
40.1
39.0
36.1
40.8
39.6
40.5
37.5
39.2
35.2
39.7

81.2
102.9
76.5
97.6
69.6
81.1
33.0
61.7
86.8
45.2
73.1
69.0
71.8
78.1

61.7
97.2
62.7

80.7
102.6
75.7
97.2
68.7
79.8
32.7
61.1
85.9
44.2
72.0
68.5
71.1
77.4
62.4
96.1
62.0

80.5
102.9
77.3
97.5
70.0
79.9
34.7
61.2
84.0
45.9
72.2
68.2
70.9
78.0
62.2
97.1
62.0

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929 = 100]
Coal mining: 3 4
Anthracite 3
B ituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining..
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 556 6
Electric light and power 5 6 7
Street railways and busses __
Trade:
Wholesale 58 Retail 5 66
Food
General merchandising 5 6__.
Apparel 6 6
Furniture 6
Automotive
Lumber 6 3 5 9
Hotels (year-round)
_.
Laundries 3
Dyeing and510cleaning 3_._
Brokerage
Insurance 510
Building construction 10
1

50.4
90.0
72.9
47.4
61.4

49.4
89.2
72.6
48.8
62.4

49.8
87.7
72.5
48.9
63.0

37.6
84.6
70.8
42.6
56.5

32.3
83.6
71.4
46.7
57.6

39.3
83.2
69.5
46.2
58.2

$24. 56
25.10
30.38
22.50
33.78

$21. 48
25.03
30.75
23.98
33.89

$25. 96
25.25
29.97
23.75
33.98

26.2
28.5
41.0
38.8
37.8

22.8
28.3
42.0
42.1
38.0

28.4
28.7
41.1
41.8
36.9

92.6
88.5
74.4
57.9
87.6

92.5
88.6
73.6
57.0
87.5

93.6
88.3
73.2
56.7
89.5

79.1
91.6
68.6

79.1
92.3
68.7

78.9
92.7
68.5

101.8
106.0
70.2

102.2
107.0
70.7

101.8
105.8
71.5

31.58
35.29
33.44

31.57
35.37
33.63

31.66
34.86
34.15

39.4
39.6
45.5

39.5
40.3
45.7

39.7
39.1
46.5

80.7
88.9
72.4

80.8
88.0
72.5

80.1
89.2
72.6

91.9
96.0
104.7
109.7
91.8
77.4
85.9
77.4
92.5
99.5
106.2

90.9
92.8
103.5
99.4
87.7
75.9
85.1
78.3
91.6
101.9
110.0
-3.1

80.6
86.9
96.8
96.2
83.2
70.1
82.2
71.7
83.7
87.3
78.0

80.2
85.8
95.8
92.3
82.2
70.1
79.7
76.0
84.2
88.0
82.4

81.1
85.1
95.9
90.5
80.0
68.8
77.7
75.6
81.8
89.9
85.6
-1.9

41.5
43.2
43.8
39.0
38.3
44.3
47.6
43.0
46.2
42.8
44.3

74.6
53.4
52.8
45.1
55.3
67.9
61.7
63.2
33.5
43.3
49.2

73.9
53.2
52.2
45.6
54.9
68.1
60.2
62.8
33.3
42.8
49.0

-.4

31.08
21.16
23.67
17.83
21.15
28.63
27.25
26.97
15.51
18.20
21.30
35.97
35.89
32.92

41.3
42.7
43.5
38.4
37.8
44.4
47.1
43.1
46.3
42.6
43.0

-.3

30.61
20.87
23.64
17.59
20.95
28.40
28.08
26.77
15.57
18.18
20.61
37.10
36.32
33.84

40.7
42.3
43.0
37.8
38.1
44.2
47.0
41.2
46.3
42.2
41.9

+• 1

30.46
20.71
23.69
17.31
21.12
28.39
28.64
25.87
15.65
18.16
20.10
37.24
36. 37
30.44

74.8
53.3
52.2
45.6
54.7
68.4
57.0
63.8
33.6
42.7
49.2

(n)

91.0
94.3
103.8
103.5
91.4
77.8
85.0
79.4
93.4
100.2
109.4
-1.6

—4 2

+3.9

+2.9

+.4
+.2

-13.7

+.9
+.7
+6.5

Revised series. Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive,
and by months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average
hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number
of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish manhours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes
in the size and composition of the reporting sample.
2 Revised series—Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey made by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published
indexes from January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period
given
in table 9 of the September issue of this pamphlet.
3
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in 4January 1938 issue of pamphlet.
See table 7 of October 1940 issue for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average
hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite
mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive.
5
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers,
executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
« Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census.
Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY
LABOR REVIEWS prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has
been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable
series for earlier months available upon request.




-.6

+4.1
7

(12)
(12)

(12)
(12)

(12)
(12)

(12)
(12)

(12)
(12)

31.6

35.4

34.8

96.5

95.7

(12)
(12)

94.7

Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance."
8
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent
issues
of pamphlet.
9
Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included.
10
Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding
month substituted.
11
Less than Mo of 1 percent.
12
Not available.
*Because of expansion in reporting, sample figures are not comparable with those previously published as indicated:
Tin cans—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 63.3 cents);
Electrical machinery—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 75.6 cents);
Women's clothing—Average weekly earnings (comparable August figure $20.80);
average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 55.4 cents);
Beverages—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 87.5 cents);
Chemicals—Average hourly earnings (comparable August figure 79.8 cents);
Cottonseed oil—Average weekly earnings (comparable August figure $14.91), average
weekly hours (comparable August figure 42.2), average hourly earnings (comparable
August figure 34.2 cents).
Fur-felt hats—Average weekly earnings (comparable August figure $26.90).

to
Or

26
TABLE 7.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing 1 and Non

manufacturing 2 Industries, November 1939 to November 1940, Inclusive
Employment

Industry

1939
Av.

1940

Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

Manufacturing
All industries

1. 9 103. 9 104. 2 101. 5 100. 9 100. 9 99.7

99.6 99.7 103.8 107.7 110. 0 110.8

87.9
i. 3 100. 2 97. (
6.2 6.7 97.3 95.9 99. 8 105. 5 109. 9 112. 6
6.7
Durable goods 3
105. 5 109. 2 108. 0 105. 3 106.1 105.1 103. 0 101. 4 101. 7 103. 3 107.6 109.8 110. 2 109.1
Nondurable goods 4
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining 5
50.6 51.3 51.0
52.2 51.2 51.8 49.7 50. 5 49.9 49.8 49.4 50.4
Bituminous-coal mining 5__ 78.6 94. 92.6 91.8 91.7 89.7 86.2 85.1 83.8 84.9 86.6 87.7 89.2 90.0
Metalliferous mining
62.7 66.5 67.3
66.3 66.2 67.7 69.2 70.3 71. 0 71.5; 72.5 72.6 72.9
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
44.i 47.1 44.0 37.: 38.3 41.0 44.5 46.9 47.9 48.1 48.5 48.9
47.4
Crude-petroleum production
65.8 63.8 63.
63.2 63.0 63.2 63.1 63.3 63.8 63.7 63.6 63.0 62.4 61.4
Telephone and telegraph 6_ 75.8 76.1 75.8 76.1 75.9 76.0 76.7 77.3 77.8 78.8 79,0
79.1 79.1
Electric light and power e_ 89.0 90.3 90.1 89.1 89.2 89.3 90.0 90. 91.2 92.2 93.0 92.7 92.3 91.6
Street railways and
busses 6 7
68.2 68.3
68.5 68.4 68.4 68.5
69.0 69.3 69.0
68.6
92.2 90.6 90.2 90.5 89.3
89.
89.2 90.1 90.9 91.0 91.9
Wholesale trade.
__ _ 89.
Retail trade6
. 89.8 I. 3 104. 2 87.7 87.0 91.1 89.8 91.2 91. 89.1 88.7 92.8 94.3 96.0
5
90.; 91.3 92.1 92.0 92.7 93.4 92.0 90.3 90.3 91.6 93.4 92.5
Year-round5 hotels ~. _
92.0
95.9 95.6 95.6 96.0 95.8 96.2 97.2 99.1 102.1 102. 5 102. 8 101.9 100.2 99.5
Laundries
5 104. 5 108. 7 112.6 108. 2 106. 7 110. 0 109. 4 106.2
Dyeing and cleaning «
101.
97.8 97.4 94.0 93.7
Pay Rolls

Manufacturing
All industries
Durable goods 3
Nondurable goods 4
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining 5
Bituminous-coal mining»__
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Telephone and telegraph 66_
Electric light and power _
Street railways
and
busses 6 7
Wholesale trade
Retail trade 6
Year-round5 hotels 5
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning »

96.4

97.9 98.4

90. 8 101. 7 103.9

97.8
99.0 95.4

85. 3 101.1 104.8 98.4
97. 0 102.4 102.8

96.8 104.0 110.1 114. 5 114. 8

97. 8 100.4
95.6 97.1 102.4 105. 6 105. 9 104.5

52.5 32.9 38.4 36.3 40.0 40.6 36.5 33.1 39.3 32.3 37.6
39.5 42.0 26.
84.3 87.0 87.0 78.3 72.2 75.3 73.9 75.2 82.5 83.2 83.6 84.6
69.9 96.
56.0 63.9 65.0 63.6 64.2 63.2 63.5 65.7 65.4 63.7 68.5 69.5 71.4 70.8
39.2

38.7

29.6 30.8 34.1 38.1 42.7

43.9 43.5 45.2 46.2

6.7

42.6

58.7 58.8 59.1 59.0 58.2 57.
56.5
61.0 59.6 59.2 58.4 59.0 58.4
100. 0 101..3 100.4 101. 8 102.!. 2 101. 8
.1
95.
96.4 97.4 97.4 96.9
100.4 102. 5 102.4 101. 6 102. 2 102.!. 3 103.;3 104.,. 2 104. 8 105.8 108.1 105.8 107.'. 0 106. 0
69.5
76.6
80.
81.2
83.1
73.6

69.4
79.0
83.6
81.
82.9
70.8

79.1
91.
81.1
83.7
69.9

69.0
77.1
79.9
81.1
83.4
65.5

71.5
77.1
79.1
82.7
83.1
64.4

69.5
77.
82.0
81.8
84.1
72.7

69.2
77.4
82.3
83.2
85.6
79.

69.2
77.4
83.4
83.0
88.5
85.4

70.5
78.4
84.8
82.0
92.4
89.6

70.0
78.3
82.6
80.5
90.0
80.0

70.4
78.7
81.5
80.7
90.5
78.9

71.5
81.1
85.1
81.
89.9
85.6

70.7
80.2
85.8
84.2
88.0
82.4

70.2
80.6
86.9
83.7
87.3
78.0

1
3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures. See table 9 in September 1940
pamphlet
for further revisions.
2
12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining, and
crude-petroleum production are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS,
or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. For other nonmanufacturing
indexes
see notes 5 and 6.
3
Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied
products,
and stone, clay, and glass products.
4
Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
s Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are presented in January 1938 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet.
6 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY
LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed
form.
7
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,, and successor
companies.




27
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS

A comparison of employment and pay rolls in October and November 1940 is made in table 8 for 13 metropolitan areas, each of which
had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas
but having a population of 100,000 or over are not included. Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning
them have been prepared in a supplementary tabulation which is
available on request. The figures represent reports from cooperating
establishments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 5,
with the exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries.
Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly
because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the
supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary
tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more
according to the 1930 Census of Population.
T A B L E 8.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
October and November 1940, by Principal Metropolitan Areas

Metropolitan area

Number of Number on Percentage
change
establishpay roll
from
ments
October
November November
1940

New York i
Chicago 2
Philadelphia 3
Detroit
Los Angeles 4

1940

13,646
4,404
2,485
1,638
2,992

766, 628
507, 733
270, 239
395,912
207, 315

ClevelandSt. Louis. __
Baltimore-.
Boston 5
Pittsburgh .

1,570
1,377
1,074
2,928
1,360

150. 275
141,074
128, 579
198, 832
228, 502

San Francisco 6_
Buffalo
Milwaukee

1,695
791
990

95.984
99,119
115, 792

1
2
3
4
8
6

1940

+1.5
+1.9
+2.5
+2.6
+4.3
+2.4
+.1
+2.6Q
+ 1.1
-1.5
+3.3
+1.4

Amount of
p a y roll
(1 week)
November
1940

Percentage
change
from
October
1940

$22, 045,315
14, 563,904
7, 626, 278
14,049,928
6,189,913

+0.9
+1.6
+1.9
-2.0
+2.1

4,627, 719
3, 543,137
3, 553,323
5, 247, 299
7,138,067

+2.5
-1.6
+6.5
-.3

2.969,998
2,968, 289
3, 480,996

-3.0
+4.3
+2.1

Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., or Yonkers, N. Y.
Does not include Gary, Ind.
Does not include Camden N. J.
Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, or Somerville, Mass.
Does not include Oakland, Calif.




in

+.5

28
WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIES

The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending November 15, 1940, as
shown by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau.
As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report
wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing industries.
TABLE 9.—Wage-Rate

Changes Reported

by Manufacturing

and

Nonmanufacturing

Establishments During Month Ending November 15, 1940 1
Employees

Establishments

Group and industry

Total
number
reporting

All manufacturing

_

Iron and steel group
_. __
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills
Stamped and enameled ware
Tools (nonedge)
Machinery group _
_ ._
Electrical machinery
Foundries and machine shops
Machine tools
Pumps . _.
_
Transportation group
Automobiles
Shipbuilding .
Nonferrous metals group
Brass, bronze, and copper
Smelting and refining
Lumber group. __
Furniture
Sawmills
_ _
Stone, clay, and glass group
Glass
Fabrics group
Dyeing and finishing. __
__
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel group _ _ _ _
Leather group
Food group
Baking
__
Slaughtering and meat packing
Paper and printing group
Paper boxes Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and }ob
Newspapers and periodicals_. .__
Chemical group
Chemicals

Number
reporting—

Total
number
covered

InDeInDecreases creases creases creases

DeIncreases creases

33,706

265

2,436

26

337
221
129
3,771
588
2,272
202
98
739
393
143
1,032
330
49
2,443
715
779
1,526
149
3,287
223
446
2,935
919
5, 501
1,063
330
3, 835
667
436

4
3
3
60
10
35
3
5
11
3
3
37
23
6
33
6
23
9
3
12
4
3
3
3
16
3
4
25
3
10

1,610
723
1, 953
241

Number
having—

Average
percentage
change in
wage rates
of
employees
having—

3 6,376,836 91, 256

1,116

5.5

906, 043

7, 696

5.2

493 900
41,081
15, 677
901, 572
239, 784
303, 740
74, 084
14, 294
711,376
449 608
100,130
214, 517
79, 877
28, 962
313,195
103, 221
133, 064
191,467
65,451
945,836
54,893
154, 776
308, 545
208, 991
491,499
81,835
117,636
358,308
46, 548
126,128

1 365
1,332
27
11, 011
2,204
6,416
442
814
9,682
3,993
2,302
39,023
33,835
4,265
6,917
439
5,799
1,438
922
4,208
2,132
795
210
365
2,143
169
1,068
3,377
441
2,384

5 9
4.1
5 4
6.2
4 6
6.9
5.4

6
5
14
5

80,370
62, 343
297, 235
64, 678

366
165
2,824
1,560

6.4

All nonmanufacturing (except building
92, 234
construction) ___ _

47

2,979, 050

4,323

6.0

Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Wholesale trade
Retail trade . _

9
4
15
10

68, 556
37, 279
327,100
1,076, 800

2,517
254
239
215

5.7

374
1,092
14,172
53,467

._

8.3

4.9
4.5
3.3

5.2
5.1
5.0

5.5
6.0
7.4
5.8
10 4
12.7
58
7.0
4.3
5.2

82
60
6.8

4.5
6.0
4.2 - —
65
3.3
52
4.1

38
9.3
9.4

1
Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. They are, however, included, where practicable, in "all manufacturing," in "all nonmanufacturing," and in the various industry groups.




29
Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment financed from both regular and emergency appropriations.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service
of the Federal Government in October and November 1940 are given
in table 10.
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United States
Government, November 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Pay rolls

Employment
Class

November 1940

Entire service:
Total

October
1940

Percentage
change

Percentage
change

October
1940

November

1940

1, 111, 530 1,086,171

+2.3

932,760
49,090
129, 680

911,062
50, 206
124,903

+2.4
-2.2
+3.8

145, 248,171
6, 566, 378
16, 574, 253

142,098, 677
6, 712, 880
17, 674,046

Inside the District of Columbia:
Total- .

152, 605

149, 479

+2.1

26, 244, 698

26, 000,944

+.9

Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account
_

136,083
7,517
9,005

133,401
7,476
8,602

+2.0
+.5
+4.7

23, 364,972
1,163, 721
1, 716,005

23, 063, 268
1,157, 666
1, 780,010

+1.3
+.5
-3.6

958,925

936, 692

+2.4

142,144,104

140, 484, 659

+1.2

796, 677
41, 573
120, 675

777,661
42, 730
116, 301

+2.4
-2.7
+3.8

121,883,199
5, 402, 657
14, 858, 248

119,035,409
5, 555, 214
15,894,036

+2.4
-2.7
-6.5

Regular appropriation. _
Emergency appropriation
Force-account

__

Outside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
E mergency appropriation _
Force-account-

$168, 388, 802 $166, 485, 603

+1.1
+2.2
-2.2
-6.2

i Data relate to the last pay period of the month.
CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS

FINANCED

BY

THE

PUBLIC

WORKS

ADMINISTRATION

Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during November on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 11, by type of project.




30
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, November 1940 *
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

All programs.

Maximum 2

Weekly
average

31,117

26,639

Monthly
pay rolls

Manhours
worked
during
month

$3,614,039

3,605,255

Average
earnings
per hour

$1,002

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
$4,570,782

Federal projectsfinancedfrom National Industrial Recovery Act
funds
All projects
Building construction
Public roads4
Reclamation
River, harbor, andfloodcontrol.
Water and sewerage

3 928

842

$81, 586

152. 758

$0.534

$150, 227

448

392
290
80
56
24

34, 066
32, 427
8,117
5,398
1.578

78,468
49, 884
12, 208
8.692
3, 506

.434
.650
.665
.621
.450

64.056
65, 000
6.134
5,398
9,639

95
70
25

Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds

All projects.

3,900

3,459

$448,864

516,676

$0.869

$340,019

Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
Building construction
.
Electrification
Reclamation
River, harbor, andfloodcontrol
Streets and roads
._
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
Professional, technical, and clerical _ I

417
1.602
20
1,299
325
159
26
40
12

397
1,379
18
1,180
301
122
24
29
9

44,871
162,025
2,405
182,458
35,378
14, 806
2,963
2,865
1,093

76,163
150, 507
2,115
213, 917
45, 769
21, 756
2, 371
3,220
858

589
1. 077
1. 137
853
773
681
1. 250
890
1. 274

46,810
102,881
1,240
125, 682
25,309
30, 000
4,285
3,779
33

Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery
Act funds

All projects •
Building construction«_
Streets and roads
M iscellaneous

1,581

1.203

$151, 787

132, 552

$1.145

$223, 562

973
286
322

697
240
266

117, 678
17,102
17,007

77, 657
28,407
26,488

1.515
.602
.642

164, 700
33,220
25, 642

Non-Federal projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds

All projects
Building construction..
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Water and sewerage. _.

4,6
584
807
3,139

4,109
508
681
2,836
84

$473,672
76,145
56, 866
329,818
10,843

616,786

$0.768

$806,140

59, 808
83,944
461, 574
11,460

1.273
.677
.715
.946

100,082
83, 517
614,528
8,013

Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds

All projects
Building construction.
E lectrifi cation
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage. _.
1
1

20,079

17,026

$2, 458,130

2,186, 483

$1.124

$3,050, 834

5,521
514
6,137
109
1,527
6,271

4,560
415
5,325
76
1,192
5,458

614, 684
59,402
785, 347
7,817
128, 774
862,106

500,053
49, 562
735,455
7,818
131, 751
761,844

1.229
1.199
1.068
1.000
.977
1.132

1, 054, 575
136,165
835,044
1,646
69,071
954, 333

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public roads.
4
Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
» Not available; weekly average included in the total of all projects.
6
Includes data for workers engaged in construction of underground tunnel who, because of the additional
risk involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid tor building construction.




UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY

Table 12 shows data concerning employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in November 1940 on low-rent projects of the United
States Housing Authority.
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Rent Housing Projects Operated by the
United States Housing Authority, November 1940
[Subject to revision]

Employment
Geographic division

All divisions,.

__

New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific _

_

-

-_

.

- _

Outside continental United States. _

Monthly
p a y rolls

Man-hours Average
worked earnings
during
per hour
month

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Maximum

Weekly

50,806

43,242

$5, 502,764

5,782,860

$0. 952

$7,250,973

4,589
8,240
6,118
286
12, 767

4,027
7,031
5,262
234
10, 745

643,613
1,143,125
833,102
29,846
1, 075,943

565, 846
902,387
703, 247
30, 267
1,409, 718

1.137
1.267
1.185
.986
.763

711,162
1, 277, 788
1,062, 571
37, 594
1,645,596

7,255
7,241
1,106
1,630
1,574

6,079
6,166
932
1,364
1,402

688, 525
684,375
154, 758
193,856
55,621

837, 553
818,423
125,968
181, 664
207, 787

.822
.836
1.229
1.067
.268

799, 741
1, 267,910
110, 259
285, 999
52, 353

average

WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM

A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in
November on projects financed by the Work Projects Administration
is shown in table 13, by type of project.
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects
Administration, November 1940
[Subj ect to Revision]
Employment
Type of project

Maximum l

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay rolls

Man-hours
worked
during
month

Value of
Average material
orders
earnings placed
per hour during
month

Projects operated by Work Projects Administration 2
1, 746,065

All projects .

$90,810, 663

200, 613,442

0.453

Projects operated by other Federal agencies
All projects

73,306

70,580

7,980,675

$0,435

Airport construction (exclusive of
6,002
63,544
19,145
6,002
343,580
buildings)
.185
335,869
1, 603,473
Building construction
35, 562
34, 228
3,476,027
.461
62,647
.416
Forestry
581, 718
1,399,733
7,977
7,239
13,995
Grade crossing elimination *5
6,419
4,254
.663
66
47
Hydroelectric power plants
1,161
1,161
48,545
191, 572
.253
Plant, crop, and livestock conser816,124
.472
34,099
8,059
8,028
385,123
vation
9,410
4,521
4,406
319,693
540,133
.592
Professional, 4technical, and clerical8,782
284
5,068
.577
Public roads
103
73
7,582
972, 717
33,518
7,738
367,138
.377
Reclamation
.665
17,124
28,981
43,571
River, harbor, and flood control
330
310
7,424
973
.375
801
44,709
119,307
Streets and roads
321
862
396
10,567
Water and sewerage
34,369
.307
382
12,098
3,296
418
Miscellaneous
__
28,341
.427
1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
2
Data are for the calendar month. Will be published by type of project in December pamphlet.
3
Data
on a monthly basis are not available.
4
Projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
* Projects under construction in Puerto Rico.




32
Data on employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in November on each type of project operated by the Work Projects Administration were not available when this report was prepared. The
figures for October are presented in table 14.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated hy the Work Projects
Administration, by Type of Project, October 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment 1

Type of project
All projects

__ _

Conservation

_ __ _
_ _ _

-

_______

Highways, roads, and streets
Professional and service, excluding sewing
Public buildings
Publicly owned or operated utilities—.
Recreational facilities
Sanitation
Sewing
Airports and airways _ _
Not elsewhere classified—total
National defense vocational training
Other
_ __ _

__
_.

__

Average
Man-hours earnings
worked
per hour

Pay rolls

1,711,674

$99, 370,355

219, 817,015

$0.452

38,768
711,311
316, 888
153, 387
163, 501

2,184,901
37, 981,925
20, 617, 895
9, 581, 697
9, 739,853

4, 888, 863
91, 275, 643
40,809, 665
19, 681, 213
20, 830, 611

.447
.416
.505
.487
.468

80,907
21,912*
119, 676
38, 768
66, 556

5,167,310
1,184, 555
6,143,832
2,107,165
4, 661,222

10, 616,078
2, 878,170!
15,444,176
4, 547,869
8, 844, 727

.487
.412
.398
.463
.527

26,102
40, 454

1,538,353
3,122, 869

3, 292, 581
5, 552,146

.467
.562

____
- -

1
Data for "all projects" represents the average of the weekly employment counts made as of each
Wednesday during the calendar month. The distribution by type of project is, except for "National
defense vocational training," estimated on the basis of employment on Oct. 30,1940.

NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION

Employment and pay rolls on the National Youth Administration
projects for October and November 1940 are shown in table 15.
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects,
November and October 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment

Pay rolls

Type of project
November

October

November

October

Total

706,307

577, 511

$8,572,169

$7,104,120

Student work program
Out-of-school work program..

439,548
266, 759

341,199
236,312

3,067, 736
5, 504,433

2,160, 889
4, 943, 231

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
October and November 1940 are presented in table 16.




33
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, November
1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment

P a y rolls

Group
November
1940

All groups

- -_-

-

._

Enrolled personnel 2
Nurses 3
_
Educational advisers 3

..

Supervisory and technical 3

_

.
___

October
1940

November
1940

October
1940

321,157

318,453

$14, 016, 434

$14, 058, 799

286, 560
204
1,539
32, 854

283, 396
213
1,549
33, 295

8, 898, 469
27,120
258,148
4, 832, 697

8, 823, 683
31, 327
260, 000
4, 943, 789

1
Employment figure is monthly average for enrolled personnel, and number employed on last day of
month
for other groups.
2
November data include 4,053 enrollees and pay roll of $77,987 outside continental United States; in
October
the corresponding figures were 3,837 enrollees and pay roll of $77,308.
3
Included in executive service, table 10.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE
CORPORATION

Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Eeconstruction Finance Corporation in November are presented in table 17, by type of project.
TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, November 1940 l
[Subject to revision]

Type of project

Employment 2

All projects
Building construction 3
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Heavy engineering

1,411
109
200
106

Monthly
pay rolls

Man-hours
worked
during
month

$191,592

198,438

143, 351
r 9, 368
29,267

142, 531
11, 928
34, 838
9,141

9,606

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

$291,606
1.006
.785
.840
1.051

165,805
11, 589
113,901
311

1
2
3

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
Includes 606 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $63,405; 54,038 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed of $95,136 on projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co.

CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR
APPROPRIATIONS

FEDERAL

Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during November are given in table 18, by type of project.




34
TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, November 1940 J
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

Maximum a

All projects
Airport construction
Building construction
Electrification:
Rural Electrification
Administration projects4
Other than R. E. A. projects
Forestry
Heavy engineering
Public roads6
Reclamation
River, harbor, andfloodcontrol:
Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc.
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

Weekly
Average

Monthly
pay rolls

Manhours
worked
during
month

of
Average Value
material
earnorders
ings per placed
durhour ing month

3 630,848

594,919

$65,138,967 78,461, 215

22, 452
296,190

21,187
276,353

2, 217, 781 2, 535,127
26,791, 241 31, 661, 656

6,717
506
7
148
(7)
28,438

5,641
405
7
134
69,683
27,155

377, 570
32,333
622
19, 849
5,714, 616
4,187, 261

37,590
8,790

33, 568
8,023

3,986,256
1,107,705

105,899
33, 074
4,401
698
16, 255

102,850
29, 662
3,896
600
15,755

.

$0.830 $146,143,015
.875
.846

4, 518, 244
56, 574, 956

719,948
40,631
1, 248
14, 752
8,748, 667
4, 700, 834

.524
.796
.498
1.346
.653
.891

2,498,952
42,786
5
(5)
15, 275,042
4, 795,751

5, 752,106
1,327,453

.834

4,489,442
1, 306,743

15,993,954 17,196,474
3, 511,599 4,188,525
409,708
590,269
85,170
69,903
898,345
718,569

.930
.838
.694
.821
.800

48,980, 706
5,615, 514
421, 817
147, 830
1,475,227

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
' Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
< Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
5 No report received for heavy engineering.
fi Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
' Not available, weekly average included in the total for all projects.

STATE-ROADS PROJECTS

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements on the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or
local funds in November 1940, compared with October 1940 and
November 1939, is presented in table 19.
TABLE 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
November 1940, October 1940, and November 1939 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment2

Pay rolls

Item

Total
Newroads
Maintenance _.

November

November
1939

November 1940

October
1940

November 1939

179,345

208,024

138,005

$12,676,303

$15, 514, 368

$10,409, 450

50,846
128,499

67, 698
140,326

23, 588
114,417

3,660,844
9,015,459

4,901,974
10, 612, 394

1, 632,630
8, 776,820

1940

October
1940

1
Projects financed wholly from State or local funds. November and October 1940 data are for the calendar month; November 1939 for the month ending on the 15th.
* Average number working during month.




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