Full text of Employment and Payrolls : May 1951

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EMPLOYMENT

and payrolls

DETAILED REPORT
NAY

1951

I

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Maurice J. Tobin - Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Ewan Clague - Commissioner

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington 25, D, C.
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Detailed Report
». » »

Ity 1951

CONTENTS
Employment Review
Employment Trends ....... . . . . . . . . . .
Summary Report on Employment in 72 ffetropolitan
Areas Now Available ....... . . . . . . . .
Industry Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industry Employment Reports:
Shipbuilding and Repairs . . . . . .
Statistical Tables
Explanatory Notes and Glossary . . . . . . . . . . .




NOTICE
This issue presents two new sections
interpreting national employment developments.
The section headed, Employment Trends, reviews
recent changes in employment'. Tables 1 and 2
show preliminary data for June 1951. The
section headed, Industrv Highlights. presents
brief statements on trends in selected industries.
In addition, statistical data on employment of
women in manufacturing industries in March 1951
are presented on page A:24.

Prepared by
Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics
Seymour L. Wolfbein, Chief

2

.

JUNE' 1951
The general employment situation at mid-year 1951 was characterised
by.overall stability ’as expansion in defense-related sectors of the eco­
nomy offset some slackening in the demand for labor in certain other
sectors* Total employment in commerce, industry, and government wan at
an‘all-time High, and remained stable through the second quarter of the
year, except for minor seasonal changes. Lay-offs rose significantly
and hours of work were reduced somewhat in industries affected by a
falling off in consumer demand or by restrictions on metals supply. How­
ever, continued moderate tightness of the labor market, on an overall
national basis, was evidenced by the lowest level of unemployment for the
season since World War II, by the high rate of voluntary job shifting on
the part of employed workers, and by extensive overtime work in defenserelated^ industries.
Employment declines in consumer goods Industries
Continued employment declines were reported in a number of consumer
goods industries between mid-May and mid-June, whereas employment in
defense-related industries showed further gains* In addition, employment
increases were reported in construction, food-processing, End other
seasonal activities. As a result, the number of employees in nonfarm
establishments rose slightly over the month, to 4.6,A million, about 2-1/2
million higher than at the start of the Korean War in June 1950,(See Tables 1&2)
Among the industries showing declines in employment over the month
were textiles, apparel,’television, furniture, and automobi3.es, where
labor turn-over reports for May revealed a significant rise in lay-offs.
In these industries, June employment was at or below the level of a year
ago, in contrast to an over-all gain of 1*2 million in the number of
factory jobs. Some slackening in employment. in many consumer good3
industries has been reported since early spring, reflecting reduced
consumer demand as well as restrictions on the use of metals in certain
industries.
The growing volume of defense orders brought further employment gains
between May and June in such industries as aircraft, shipbuilding, and
metalworking machinery. Since June 1950, employment has risen by approxi­
mately 190,000 in the aircraft industry, by 80,000 in metalworking machi­
nery plants and by 50,000 in private shipyards.
Employment in contract construction rose seasonally between May and
J^inc, reaching an all-time high of 2,7 million. In recent months, aless-than-seasonal gjain in housebuilding activity has been offset by
sharp expansion in industrial, military, and other heavy construction.




3.
Employment in Federal defense activities, including arsenals,
military bases, and navel shipyards rose by about 20^000 over the
month. This was only about half the average monthly gain since the
Korean outbreak.
Unemployment continues at seasonal low in Juno
Unemployment totaled 2,0 million in early June, according to
Bureau of the Census estimates; the number of jobless had rison by
4-00,000 from early May, All of the net increase occurrod among young
people entering the labor force at the end of the school year, However,
the number of unemployed adult males did not show the moderate drop
usually noted at this time of the year, This may have reflected recent
cut-backs in the output of .certain civilian ;.;oods. Nevertheless, un­
employment remained at a postwar low for the season for the fourth con­
secutive month, indicating continued strength in the general employment
situation despite the rise in lay-offs in certain industries. The
unemployment total in Juno 1951 was 200,000 lower than in Juno 1943
(the previous postwar low for the month and 1,4 million below the proKorea level of Juno 1950.
Claims for State unemployment insurance benefits continued at very
low levels through the second quarter of this yoar. Continued claims
averaged about 900,000 during the socond quarter, or about 10 percent
below the 194-8 level- for the corresponding period. Initial claims representing the first filing for benefits by a newly unemployed worker were slightly over 200,000, approximately equal to the 1948 lovel* Those
figures pointed to a volume cf lay-offs comparable wi ,h tine most favorable
postwar eaqporionce and indicates an even more rapid rate of absorption of
laia-off workers into employment.
In the first week of July 1951, however, initial claims for State
unemployment insurance benefits rose to approximately 270,000, almost
two-fifths higher than in the corresponding week in 1948 and approxi­
mately the same as in the comparable period of 1950, before the postKorea boom got under way. According to reports of State employment
security agencies, the sharp rise in initial claims resulted, in largo
part, from vacation shut-downs. The increase in claims, however,, was
greater than usually experienced at this tine of year and may reflect
the fact that plants havo taken on especially largo numbers of workers
during the past yoar. Many of those workers may not bo eligible for
vacation pay whon their plant shuts down. There have boon indications,
also, of sonovrhat earlier and mere extensive vacation shut-downs this
year.
Factory layoff rate increases
Lay-offs of workers in manufacturing industries rose in May for
the socond straight jaonch, largely bocausc of cut-backs in automobile
production and reduced activity in certain other consumer goods manu­
facturing industries. The factors’-lay-off rate per 1,000 employees




4*

roso to 13 in Kay from 10 5.n April and. 8 in March, Tho May rate however,
was still at approximately tho same level as in tho earlier postwar years
of high employment of 1947 and 1948,
One of the sharpest risos in lay-offs over the month was in the
automobile industry, where the rate increased from 20 per 1,000 in April,
to 52;in May. Sizable,increases in.lay-offs wore .also -reported in the
textile, apparel, leather -products , and furniture industries*
Despite the rise in lay-offs, factories continued to hire workers
in Mcy at about the sarao rate as in tho throe preceding months - 45 per
1,090 employees# Compared with year-ago levels, the hiring rate has
continued relatively‘high in a number of industries closely allied to
dofenso activity, including ordnance, primary rantals, machinery,-and
ins brumonts*
The quit rate of factory workers, at 28 per 1,000 in May was un­
changed from the April rato and continued substantially above the rate
of 16 per 1,000 in May 1950. Over tho year the quit rate has increased
in every industry group and most pronouncedly in defense-related indus­
tries, where expanded ‘
job opportunities have made job shifting between*
plants easier*
Factory hours level off
Tho workweek of production workers in manufacturing averaged 40*8
hours in Juno, virtually unchanged from the preceding month, arid less
than half an hour above the level of a year ago* Largely as a result
of -reduced activity during the past few months, the average workweek in
June 1951 was lower than a year ago in plants producing automobiles,
furniture, household appliances,, apparel,.rubber products, textiles,
and leather products• On the other hand, sizable gains in weekly hours
bvar the year.wore reported by.most of tho metals and metals products.industriesi The greatest incrpases,. of 2 hours or more, wore in the
metalworking machinery, aircraft, shipbuilding, heavy electrical equip­
ment* and basic stool industries. Most of these gains occtirred in tho
la£t-half of 1950, however; tho*workweek has boon relatively stable in
roaont months. The average workweek in June 1951 cxcoodod 41 hours in
nearly all of tho metals 'and notals producing Industrios, indicating
that many'plants in these industries were- scheduling extensive overtime
WOEk,
Average weekly earnings of tho nation’s 13 million production workers
in juaijufQcturing totaled -$65*44 in Juno 1951, an increase of 89 cents .since
May and 06.59 since June 1950. Durable goods industries showed tho major
gain dvor the month, ,$1*21, as compared with 62 conto in nondurable in­
dustries-* The rise in earnings in durable goods manufacturing was the
result both of increases in hours in certain industries and of some costof-living adjustments in wage rates.
Average gross- hourly earnings - including overtime raid other -premium
pay - woco $1*60 in Juno 1951, up by 2 cents over t’.. month, and 15 conts.
over the year*




table i

5.

Employees in Nonagrioultural S3tablisbnenta,by Industry Division and 3 elected Qsdcpa,
June, May, April 1951 and June 1950
(In thousands)
-—

"

---- ---

—

Industry division and group

j June
3/

TOTAL
MANUFACTURING

!
46,191

45,960

43,945

+219

+2,465

15,864

j15,839

15,928

14,666

+ 25

+1,198

912

910

946

+ 5 -

29

105
379

;
!
|
j

104
377

104
381

102 + 1 +
410 + 2 -

3
31

107

j

106

104

100

+ 1

+

2,674

i 2,592

2,472

2,414

+ 82

+ 260

4 ,164

j;

4,132

917

Metal mining
Bituoinous^coal
Nonmetallic mining and
quarrying
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

TRADE

| Net change,^
May ]
j
: June
1951 i! 1950
June
to 1 to
June i
1 June
1951 j 1951
1*0

46,-430

MININQ

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITI®
Transportation
Communication
Other public utilities

1931 *
1
I
i
1 May
April

7

+ l4l

2,924
685
555

4,139
2,912
681
546

2,907
680
545

4,023 +
2,813 +
662 +
548 +

9,695

9,670

9,618

9,4n, + 25 + 284

Wholesale trade

2,577

!
j 2,567

2,579

2,502

Retail trade
General merchandise stroes
Food and liquor stores
Automotive snd accessories
dealers
Apparel and accessories
stores
Other retail trade

7,118
1,459
1,270

1
| 7,103
1,465
1,267

7,039
1,446
1,262

6,909 ♦ 15 + 209
1,4U - 6 + 48
1,205 + 3 + 65

746

742

738

54$
3,097

551
3,078

543
j 3,050

FBUHO*

1,893

| 1,875

] 1,865

SERVICE

4,830

4,787

4,743

4,826

GOTOUJMEIJT
Federal
State and local

6,373

6,377
i 2,244
i 4,133
i

6,392
2,201
4,091

1,851 + 27
3,981 * 31

Preliminary




1

j 2,371
i 4,102
|

12 + 111
4 + 23
9 +
7

+ 10

♦ 4

♦

75

+

13

536 • 5 +
3,024 + 19 +

10
73

+

66

733

i

25

1,837

♦ 18

4
♦ 43 +
4 + 541
5,832
+ 430
+ 121

TABLE 2

6.

Employees in Manufacturing Industry Groups
June, Hay, April 1951 and June 1950
(In thousands)
1.951
Industry Group

LIANUFA0TUPJN3
DURABLE 000E6
Ordnance and accessories
Limber and wood products
(except furniture)
Fumitur© and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass
products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated netal products
(except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipment)
Machinery (except electrical)
Electrical machinery
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related
products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
industries
NONDURABLE G00IB
Pood and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textilo-mill products
Apparel and other finished
textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing, publishing, and
allied industries
GheuiCals and allied
products
Products of petroleum and coal
Rubber products
Leather an4 leather products

June
2/
15,364
Q,960
41.0

May

15,839

1950
«!
*j
i
*April June

:15,923

14,666

8,971 7,964
23.7
37.6
39**;

8,959




+ 25

+1,198

+ 1

9-96

«■ 2»1 +

10J

803
349

+ 2
*» 10

+
-

21
9

559
1,343

511
1,216

0
+ 4

+

48
131

1,025
1,598
928
1,512

1,034
1,583
937
1,514

923
1,341
83£)
1,305

«. 6
+ 13
» 16
+ 19

-f 96
+ 270
+ 102
.+ 226

2?3

296

294

243

+ 2

+

55

477

456

500

439

-

+

33

6,904

6,830

6,951

6,702

+ 24

+ 202

1,526
SI
1,271

1,433
81
1,301

1,468
83
1,309

1,519
82
1,264

+ 43
0
- 30

+
—
+

7
1
7

1,103
501

1,118
498

1,166
500

1,093
467

- 15
♦ 3

+
+

10
34

760

757

757

739

+ 3

+

21

745
261
276
380

742
259
271
370

748
257
270
393 j

670
239
247
332

+
+
+
+

+
+
+

75
22
29
2

824
340

822
350

555
1,347

559
1,343

1,019
1,611
912
1,531

£03 ’
367

!
i-

%/ Preliminary

Net chango
i May »i vtxir.e
1951 1950
to
to
June June
1951
1951

i

9

3
2
5
10

EMPLOYMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
ALL EMPLOYEES
MILLIONS

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS




MILLIONS

7.

SU M M ARY REPO RT ON EMPLOYMENT TRENDS
FOR 72 M ETR O P O LITA N AREAS
NOW AVAILABLE ..

.

NBJ ANNUAL
PUBLICATION

Tlie Bureau of Labor Statistics has recently released a new
publication entitled "Area Employment, 1950", This publi­
cation is one In a series of 5 volumes, each with the general
title "Employment, Hours, and Earnings— State and Area Data". All five
volumes will be prepared annually. The names of the other volumes are as
followsi Hours and Earnings in Manufacturing by State, Nonagricultural
Employment by State, Manufacturing Employment by State, and Summary VolumeState .and Area Data,
The current volume, nArea Employment, 1950'* includes employment trend data
in varying detail for 72 metropolitan areas, For all 72 areas there are
estimates of employment in manufacturing industries for 1950, by month,
and for all but four there are comparable figures for 194-9. For 20 areas
e.omplete statistics for 1950 are available, i.e., estimates of total nonagricultural employment and employment in each of the major industry
divisions. For 15 areas, there i3 a manufacturing series starting in 1947,
Data on employment trends will eventually be provided for 114 major metro­
politan areas, the population of which comprises half the United States
total. The area employment series are prepared by State agencies cooperating
with the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Each State is scheduled to participate
by preparing estimates for at least one area; 14- States will eventually
Contribute data on three or more areas. Information for several areas ia
now compiled by State agencies in addition to the basic group and this
number may expand as the program advances,
DATA HAVE
MANY USES

Manufacturing trends in urban areas frequently are a significant
barometer of the economic health of the community. Factory
workers usually comprise the largest single segment in a
metropolitan workforce. Many of the other industries, such as trade and
service, derive thoir prosperity from the level of factory employment and
payrolls. It is not surprising, therefore, that changes in manufacturing
employment in each city are followed with the keenest interest. In many
cities where public officials or citizens1 groups are actively engaged in
attracting new industry, manufacturing employment is ono of the more important
indexes in gauging success or failure of their efforts.
Distribution of employment by industry in metropolitan areas affords insight
into the character of our major population centers. It highlights the extent
to which cities are manufacturing centers, financial centers, government
centers# or resort centers. Government administrators are provided the
basis for a more complete evaluation of public welfare activity. Management
is given an invaluable tool for market analysis.




8

SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS

Approximately 6 out of every 7 reporting areas showed an
upward trend in manufacturing employment between 194-9' and
1950. Areas in which durable goods are relatively important
generally had a more favorable employment experience than those where soft
goods predominated. From the data available, it was obvious that manu­
facturing employment in areas of less than 200,000 was subject to more
violent fluctuations than those in the larger metropolitan centers which
tend to have more diversified industries.

Urban areas differ greatly in their industrial composition. This was
illustrated by the wide variation in the proportion of workers engaged in
manufacturing in each of the areas. Approximately 1 out of every 2 workers
in Providence, Fort Wayne, and Evansville, for example, are engaged in
factory work. At the other extreme is Washington, D. 0., where the bulk
of the workers arc in Government, trade, and service.
COPIES
AVAILABLE
TO PUBLIC

Copies of the "Area Employment, 1950" volume may be obtained
by writing to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of
Labor, Washington 25,-D. C. Current employment data for the72 metropolitan areas are available monthly in the Bureau's
regular report "Employment and Payrolls— Detailed Report" (They appear on
page Asl7 of the present issue). Requests for more detailed industry
information should be directed to the Bureau of Labor Statistics or to the
appropriate State agency. Names and addresses of these agencies appear on
page iv.




9.

Electrical Power & Industrial Apparatus
Substantial increases in employment have occurred in the manu­
facture of electrical generating, transmission, distribution and in­
dustrial apparatus since the beginning of 19?C-. Gains in employment
were noted in the early part of 19S>0 and were accelerated after the
beginning of hostilities in Korea. The 270,800 production workers
employed in May 1951 marked a 22 percent gain since June 1950. This
recent upsurge has carried employment above the previous postwar
peak of 266,000 in 19^7.
Current plans call for an expansion of 1*0 percent in electric
power capacity by 19E>3. Achievement of this goal will require a sub­
stantial output of generating* transmission and distribution equip-*
ment* Large quantities of metals are b^ing allocated for this pro­
gram, and as a result, continued e:q'ansion of employment in this
industry is expected.

RUBBER PRODUCTS
High levels of employment in the rubber products industry con­
tinued into May. 19;>1> when 220,000 production workers were reported.
The demands of the mobilisation program, a generally favorable tire
market, and the development of new rubber products, such as mattresses,
pillows and upholstery, have all contributed to the upswing of employ­
ment from a postwar low of l67,t)00 in September 19U9.
The outlook for the industry is affected by the efforts of the
Federal Government to guard against a possible repetition ox World
War XI experience, when the cutting off of Far Eastern natural'rubber
drastically curtailed production. Synthetic rubber plants, built during
World War II are being reopened and natural rubber is being stock piled
by the Government. Military and civilian orders for rubber products
will keep employment high for at least the next several months.
Passenger-car tire production will probably decrease somewhat owing to
a decline in automobile production.




10.

Employment in retail trade in Hay 1951 stood at 7,103,000
compared with 6,81*7,000 a year ago. In the first 5 months of 1951
employment in this field has averaged 7,01*6,000 — about 1* percent
higher than the corresponding period in 1950. This increase re­
flects, mainly, higher consumer incomes which have resulted from ex­
panding employment and increasing wage rates. A heavy advance buying
of goods in which the defense program was expected to cause shortages,
has also helped to boost sales volume and employment in retail
establishments. This factor, however, has decreased in importance in
the past few months as continued high volume production of some pro­
ducts has caused inventory accumulations to appear. Employment in
retail trade is considerably, above the wartime years and is slightly
higher than in 191*7 and 19)48.
Under the conditions of partial mobilization which are expected
to continue for the next several years, employment in retail trade is
like!;/ to remain at relatively high levels. Production of most
civilian goods will continue at rates considerably above that of World
War II, However, as expanding defense production causes a general
tightening of the labor market, turn over will increase since many
workers will leave retail trade for better paying jobs in other indus­
tries
The average hourly earnings of $1.25 in April 1951 were 9 cents
higher than in April 1950« There was little change in average weekly
hours over the same period, 1*0.0 in April 1951 compared with 1*0,1 in
April 1950.

CONSTRllCTION 6 MINING MACHINERY
The construction and mining machinery industry has had an unin­
terrupted rise in employment during the past 12 months. May 1951
employment of 119,100 was about 21* percent above May 1950 but slightly
below 191*7 and 191*8 levels. A lengthening workweek has accompanied
rising employment. The average weekly hours have increased from 1*1.8
hours in May 1950 to 1*1*.1* in April 1951* Heavy demands for construct
tion and mining machinery are expected to continue during the next
several years, and production levels will depend on the availability
of steels




11.

STEEL

FOUNDRIES

Production vorkor employment in steel foundries has almost
doubled since the beginning of 1950, jumping from 33,300 in January
to 62,100 in May 1951* About two-thirds of this gain has been made
since the start of the Korean War. A further substantial growth in
employment is expected, by 1953, but the number of jobs will remain
below the peak levels of World War II«
In peacetime, steel castings are mainly used for industrial
machinery, railroad equipment, construction, and construction ma­
chinery. Demands from these industries will continue at relatively
high levels, and there will be a sharp increase in the requests fer
steel castings for heavy guns, tanks and ships.

THE TELEPHONE INDUSTRY
Employment in the telephone industry increased by about
21,000 between May 1950 and May 1951, but the number of jobs re­
mained below the postwar peak which was reached in 19W3, A slight
rise in employment is expected in the next 6 months. Telephone
employment has increased by 70 percent since 19li0 while the number
of telephones jumped from 22 million to k3 million. This growth in
the number of telephones is largely the result of population growth
and the higher levels of industrial activity and consumer income,,
The high employment levels in 19hS reflected the large volume of
installations of new central stations, lines and phones.




SHIPBUILDING

AND

RbPAIRS

. . . employment rises to neat defense needs
Shipyard employment has increased over fO percent since the out­
break of hostilities in Korea. In May 1950, employment in the yards had
declined to a postwar low of 132,H00 workers and these were equally divided
between Navy yards and private yards. By May 1951, shipyard employment hafl
risen to 216,900 with 55'Percent of thi3 total in Wavy yards. (See table 1.)
There is no .-general shortage of shipyard workers at the present
time although local shortages in some individual occupations have appeared,
/The List of Critical Occupations issued by the United States Department of
Labor includes the following shipyard occupations: marine loftsmen, ship*
riggers, shipfitterte, marine boilermakers, and marine lay-out men. Shortr
ages in those key occupations, which are employed mainly on new construction,
may become more serious when the shipbuilding programs of the Navy and
Maritime Administration reach their peak.
Shipyard employment is expected to increase during the next fov
years. It is estimated that about ^0,0<rQ more workers will be added by the
middle of 1952. These new workers will be engaged largely in Navy and
Merchant Marine construction.
Past Trends in Production and Employment
Shipbuilding activity is subject to very wide fluctuations. Duri*g
both World Wars, the United States engaged in huge shipbuilding programs.
After each war the volume of shipping which had been produced proved greater
than could be utilized in peacetime commerce and excess ships were placed in
reserve anchorages. These largo stand-by fleets had a depressing effect upon
new construction and shipyards were limited almost entirely to repair
activities for several years.
Since shipyards often engage in both construction and repair and
since ships take an appreciable time to construct, employment is a better
measure of shipyard activity thaj*,.tonnage completed or other measures of
production. Shipyard employment reached an all-time high i*. December 19^3
when 1,723?000 workers were employed. Thereafter, employment declined
steadily until May 1950 when only 132,U00 workers were employed in American
shipyards. A3 table 1 indicates, employment in private yards declined more
precipitously than employment in Navy yards.




TABLE 1
EMPLOYMENT IN PRIVATE AND NAVY SHIPYARDS, 1939-51

Year and month
1939
1940
1941
1942
19^3
1944
1945
1946
19^7
1948
1949
1950:

..........................
..........................
............
..........................
............
...................... .
............
.................. .
............
.........................
.............
....................

Total

|
1

119,900
180, 3^0

Private 1/

Navy

72,500

47,400
77,500
141,000
242,300

102,700
236,000
761,700

377,000
1,004,000
1,655,500
1, 568,600
1 , 033,900
354,100
224,000

318,600
326,100
292,000

1,336,900
1,242,500
741,900

210,000

144,100

86,600
89,700

137,300
124,200

213,900
171,800

88,100
71,300

144,900

83,700

73,600

66,200

132, 1*00
134,800
137,500

66,200

May ...... .
June...... .
July.......
August .....
September ....
October ......
November .....
December ...

156,300
160,200
167,100

77,800

89,300

January ....
February .....
March .......
April.........
May....... .

180,400
198,800
210,700
214,700
216,900

82,400
94,400
95,000
93,700
94,200

98, 00.0
104,4oo

19? 1:

68,400

66,400
67,400
78,400

153,000

70,100

74,600

76,900
81,000

75,800

153,700

75,300
75,500

84,700

i

115,700
121,000
122,700

i
i
l/ Shipbuilding and repairing industry.




Excludes boatbuilding.

Since tho outbreak of hostilities in Korea there has been an
acceleration of construction activities and a withdrawal of naval and
Merchant ships from reserve fleets. The Maritime Administration and the
Military Sea Transportation Service have removed approximately 200 vessels
from the reserve fleets. As a result, the increase in employment was most
marked in the segment of the industry engaged in repair and reconditioning.
Nature of the Industry
Although shipbuilders utilized aone mass production techniques
during World Wur II, these methods are generally not adaptable to ship~
building, especially during periods of iov activity vhen there is a limited
demand for ships of similar specifications. Ships are usually designed for
the requirements of a particular customer and often differ in basic structure.
Tankers, for example, are quite different from dry cargo ships or passenger
ships,
During peacetime the private shipbuilding market is small and
highly competitive. American shipbuilders also face keen competition in
world markets. Other industries compete successfully in world markets de­
spite higher wages because their large domestic markets enable them to use
mass production techniques and machinery and thereby reduce total labor
costs. The nature of the productive processes used in shipbuilding, how­
ever, does not permit the substitution of machines for labor to the extent
possible in other industries. Labor costs comprise a large proportion of
shipbuilding costs and these higher wages place American shipbuilders at
a disadvantage in competing with foreign shipbuilders. Besides lower
labor costs, foreign shipbuilders often receive government subsidies.
The United States Maritime Administration has provided various subsidies
to the maritime industries in an attempt to equalize cost differences
and offset the effects of foreign subsidies.
As a further aid to the American shipbuilding industry, shipping
laws require that coastal, intercoastal, and inland waterways commerce
be carried in American made vessels. Thus, a large proportion of peacetime
ship construction in private yards consists of tankers, ore vessels, barges,
and various types of inland waterways craft used in domestic commerce.
Private shipyards also participate in construction, modification,
and repair of naval vessels. However, these yards are usually heavily
loaded with orders for merchant vessels during wartime when peak naval
construction occurs. In peacetime, since the Navy needs a smaller fleet,
surplus warships remaining after the war are placed in reserve. This
stand-by fleet tends to limit postwar naval construction in the same way
that the existence of surplus merchant vessels limits commercial
construction.
Although the primary function of Navy yards is the repair and
maintenance of the fleet, Navy yards also construct and modify naval vessels
a3 only a small number of private yards have long enough ways to construct




15*

battle cruisers or largo aircraft carriers. Moreover, the Vinsan-Tramell
Act of 193^ requireu thr.t tho first and each alternate combat vessel must
be built in Navy yards. Tho President can lift this restriction in the
interest of national defense during an emergency. At the present tine, naval,
construction is almost equally divided between private and Navy yards.
Naval modification and repair is heavily concentrated in Navy yards.
Location of the Industry
Shipyards located along the Atlantic ceaboard employ the largest
number of shipyard workers. Almost two-thirds of the workers in Navy yards
and about 60 percent' of the workers in private yards are employed in •Atlantic
shipyards. (See table 2.) During World War II, Atlantic yards aIno
employed the greatest number of workers and accounted for almost, half of
the total shipbuilding labor force.
Pacific Coast yards employed 35 percent of* all shipyard workers
during the height of the wartime shipbuilding program in 1943, but currently
employ less than a quarter of the industry’s total labor force. This decline
in relative importance is attributable to the lack of new construction.
Only 17 percent of Pacific Coest shipyard workers were employed in private
yards during May 1951/ snd these workers were engaged almost entirely in
ship repair activities.
Employment in shipyards located along the Great Lakes increased
during 1950. Increased demand for iron ore }as stimulated the construction
of additional ore vessels. Employment on new construction doubled during
1950 and partially offset the normal seasonal decline in Great Lake3' ship
repair during the sximraer months. Only 8 percent of all shipyard workers are
employed in Gulf Coast yards, and these are engaged largely in ship repair
activities.
TABLE 2
SHIPBUILDING EMPLOYMENT BY REGION
(May 1951)

Region
North Atlantic .......
South Atlantic .........
Gulf of Mexico .......
Pne ific ....... ......
Groat Lakes ..........
Inland ..............
TOTAL ...........




Total

P'ivate

Navy

99,900
37,200
16,600
53,400
5,400
4,400

44,600
i4,ioo

55,300

9,100
5,400
4,400

44,300

216,900

94,200

122,700

16,600

23,100
------

Atlantic seaboard yards only employed more workers on now
construction than on repair in December 1950. (See table 3*) Only 2 per­
cent of Pacific Coast shipyard workers were employad on new construction.
Since Atlantic seaboard yards employ more workers than all other regions
combined, employment on new construction is highly concentrated in these
yards. Over 80 percent of nil workers engaged in new construction were
employed in Atlantic yards in December 1950.
TABLE 3
PERCENT OF PRODUCTION WORKERS EMPLOYED
IN VARIOUS PRIVATE SHIPYARD ACT IVITBIS, BY REGION,
(December 1950)

Region

Total

Atlantic ...... 100
Gulf of Mexico ., 100
Pacific ....... 100
Great Lakes
100
United States ... 100

New con­
struction

H7
8

2
37
35

Repair and
modifi­
cation

Other activities
(includes some ship
building Wjjrk not ai
locable between new
construction and re^
P‘J-r).... _

79

19
10
19

37
1*7

26
18

3^

82

During the past few years of low shipyard activity, many yards
engaged in other activities in order to retain their skilled labor force.
Approximately 7 percent of the industry's workers were engaged in activities
ether than ship construction or repair in December 1950. These activities
included the fabrication of stool products, boiler and machine shop products,
large turbine casings, heavy industrial machinery, bridge caissons, and even
wind tunnels for aeronautical reseorch.
Outlook for the Industry
Shipyard employment depends upon the volume of ship construction,
repair, and reconditioning. The si?.e of the Navy and the Merchant Marino
determines the level of repair and reconditioning activity and partially
determines the volume of now construction. At the present time, the majority
of ship construction, reconditioning, and repair is for the Navy.




Congress authorized a $2 billion naval construction and re­
conditioning program in March 1951- This authorization provides for
500,000 tons of naval vessels as follows:
1. Warships - 100,000 tons, including aircraft carriers

2 . Landing craft and amphibious warfare vessels —
3.
)+.
5.
6.
7-

175,000 tons
Mine warfare vessels - 25,000 tons
Patrol vessels - 15,000 tons
Auxiliary vessels - 175,000 tons
Service craft - 9,000 tons
Experimental types - 1,000 tons

A large part of this anticipated new construction will probably be done
in private shipyards, principally on the Atlentic Coast. Present naval
construction is almost equally divided between Navy yards and private yards
and over 90 percent of the total tonnage is being constructed in Atlantic
yards.
Private shipbuilders had...under construction or on order 62 large
merchant vessels as of May 1, 1951- Of the 62 vessels under contract,
6 are scheduled for delivery in 1951 , U8 in 1952, and 6 in. 1953• Twentyfive of these merchant vessels are the new high-speed "Mariners" ordered
by the Maritime Adrainistration. Most of the remaining ships, are tankers
and bulk ore carriers.
In addition to the expanded naval construction program, the Wavy
plans to recondition and modernise a great iaany older ships. Although a
large part of this work will probably be done in Navy yards, some of it
will bo sub-contracted to private shipbuilders. Moreover, another 100 car^o
vessels are expected to be brought out of the reserve fleets in the near
future. The reconditioning and repair of these vessels will continue to
provide employment to private shipyard workers now engaged in repair work.
Almost half of the 1,807 vessels in the USMA. reserve fleet on May 31 ,
19^9> were located in Atlantic anchorages, so Atlantic shipyards will
probably receive the largest share of this work. The remainder will be
almost equally divided between Pacific end Gulf Coast yards.
Commercial and Navy requirements for ship repair are difficult
to forecast because the volume varies widely. Repair activity, however,
generally Increeses with the size of the Navy and Merchant Marine. The
Navy and some commercial shippers use a cycle system of repair whereby
shipB are docked for repairs after a specified length of service. Some
other snippers repair oheir vessels only when necessary. A higher volume
of ship repair activity is anticipated during the next few years because
of the increased size of -the, Navy and Merchant•Marine and the increased
combat activity of naval vessels resulting from the Korean War. However,
the resultant increase in employment will be small and will be divided be­
tween Navy and private yards.




18,

The size of present shipbuilding, repair, and.modification pro­
grams indicates that present shipyards are likely to receive all of the
orders and stand-by shipyards will not be reactivated.
The Labor Force
Shipbuilding and repair requires a large proportion of skilled
workers. During World War II, over half of all shipyard employees were
classified as'skilled workers or supervisory employees. About ^0 percent
were classified as semiskilled and less than 10 percent unskilled. Welders,
shipfitters, machinists, carpenters, shipwrights, pipef ittei*s, electricians,
chippers and caulkers, and painters made up the largest shipyard occupations.
At tho present time, production workers comprise almost 90 percent of the
industry's total work force although, in periods of lower activity, the
ratio is usually lower.
Women comprise only a small percentage of shipyard workers. This
is because of the physical requirements of the work and tho large pro­
portion of skilled trades required. During World War II, female participa­
tion in shipbuilding was encouraged and women reached a peak of 11 percent
of all workers in the industry. Pacific Coast shipyards utilized a much
larger proportion of women than other areas. More women were employed in
new construction than in ship repair. At the present time, women comprise
about 3 percent of the industry's employment and most of these are engaged
in office work.
Hours and Earnings
In May 1951 averuge hourly earnings of shipyard workers were $1.73
as compared with $1.59 for all manufacturing industries and $1.66 in durable
goods industries. Weekly earnings in shipyards also have averaged higher
than in durable goods or all manufacturing, but they fell below the durable
goods average during the spring of 1951 as a result of a ohorter workweek.
In May shipyard weekly earnings were $68.82 and the durable goods average
was $69.39« However, weekly .earnings arc expected to increase following
the: Wage Stabilization Board's recent approval of shipyard wage agreements
which raised the pay of 25>000 worker:.’.




19

TABLE 4
HOURS AND EARNINGS OF PRODUCT ION WORKERS
IN
PRIVATE SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR. 1947-51

Your and month

Average
hourly
earnings

Average
j! weekly
i
earnings

$
19^7 ............... .
1948 .................
1949... ........... -...-I
1950 ....... ..........
1951:
January ...... .. |
!
i
February ......... j
March .......... ;
April......... j
May ............ j

$1,458

1

1.562
1.637

39*5
38.7
37.8

!

1.671

38.2

1.677
1.7.18
I.729
1.734
1.731

40.4
40.1
39.9
39.8

57.59

61.22
61.88

i

63.33
64.73

69 .ill
69.33

69.13
68.Q9

Average
weekly
hours

1

11

38.6

There arc narked regional variations in average hourly earnings.
Hourly earnings in Pacific yards were substantially higher in December 1950
than earnings in other areas (table 5)* Workers engaged in repair activities
averaged slightly higher earnings than workers engaged in new construction,
although this was not true in all regions.
TABLE 5
AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS IN PRIVATE SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIRING, BY REGION
December 1950
Region

Average
Hourly Earnings

All regions

1.69

North Atlantic
South Atlantic
Gulf ........
Pacific .....
Great Lakes ..,
Inland ......

1.68
1.65
1.52
2.0b
1.63
I.67




Despite the 60 percent increase in employment since Korea., there
has been only a moderate increase in the workweek. In June 1950, the
average workweek was 37-8 hours and in May of this year it wr.s 39*8.
During World War II, the workweek ranged from 45 to 49 hours
Despite an
average workweek below 40 hours an appreciable number of shipyard workers
Were employed on extra shift operations or engaged in Saturday or Sunday
work in April. There are marked regional variations in the average work
week. Pacific Coast and Gulf Coast yards hod an average workweek in
December 1950, which was almost 2 hours loss than the national average
Turn over
The turn-over rates in shipyard employment continue to bo among
the highest in manufacturing. Total accessions and separations in ship­
building and repair are still several times the average for durable goods
or all manufacturing industries. This high turn-over is due to the
heavy lay-offs which are characteristic of the industry. Some trades are
needed only during certain stages of construction, with the majority of
the labor force required at the half-way point. Only special skills are
required after the ship is launched. The construction of a series of
vessels of identical specifications, as in World War II, can cause a drop
in the lay-off rate because workers in specialized trades can move from
one ship to the next. Another cause of high turn-over is the large
variation in the volume of ship construction and repair.
TABLE 6
LABOB TURN-OVER RATES (PER 100 EMPLOYEES) IN SHIPBUILDING AND
REPAIR, AND ALL DURABLE GOODS INDUSTRIES, 19^7-51
Shipbuilding
Separations
Year and
month

Totali/ Quits

1947 ......
1948 .... .
19^9 ......
1950 ......
1951:

12.4
13.7
16.4

5.0
3-1
1.6
2.2

January ...
February ....
March .....
April ....

14.3
14.2
17-9
14.6

3*6
4.1
5-1
4.8

l/

16.5

Durable Goods
Separations
Lay­
Totali/ Quits offs

Lay­
offs

Acces­
sions

6.3
9.8
14.4
13.2

11.5
11.1
13.7
17 .4

5.0
4.8
5-2
3-6

3
2.8
1.4
2.0

1.0
1-3
2.7
1.1

5.2
4.5
3.5

8.7
8.4
11.0
8.8

39.3
20.5
1)4.7
17.6

4.4
3'9
4.4
k.l

2.2
2.2
2.7
3.0

1.1
.7
•7
.8

5.7

Includes discharges and miscellaneous separations.




Accessions

b.9

5.0

5-1
5.2

A: 1

EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS

Retailed Report*

Statistical Tables
May 1951

TABLE

CONTENTS

PAGE

X

Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry D i v i s i o n . ....

A:2

2

Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments* by Industry Division
and Group.............. .......................... ........... •••.*««•

A:3

All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing
Industries ...................................*....... ......... .

A :5

3

Indexes of Production-Worker Employment and Weekly Pay Rolls in
Manufacturing I
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
e
s

A

;

5

Employees in the Shipbuilding and Repairing Industry, by Region.*

6

Federal Civilian Employment and Pay Rolls in All Areas and in
Continental United States, and Total Civilian Government Employment
and Pay Rolls in Washington, D. C ...... ....... .•«.................

A:12

Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division,
by State.......... f............. ..... ...... . ........... .

As 13

7

•

10
A:11

8

Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division, in
Selected Areas............ ...................... ...#••...... A: 17

9

Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing Industries... .... .

A:22

Employment of Women in Manufacturing Industries, December 1950, and
March 1951............. ............ .............................. .

A:24-

10




Data for the 2 most recent months
shown are subject to revision

*»****«»#*«
Explanatory notes outlining briefly the
concepts, methodology, and sources used
in preparing data presented in this re­
port appear in the appendix. See pages

i - vU._____________ ___

_______

TABLE

1:

Employees i n N o n a g r l c u l t u r a l E s t a b l is h m e n t s , by I n d u s t r y D i v i s i o n

(In thousands)

Year
and
month

[

: TransportaContract
: Manufac- : tion and
con: turlng ;
public
btruction
; utilities

Total

Mining

84-5

1*150

916

19*U
19^2
1943
1944

30,28?
32.031
36.164
39.697
42,042
4l,43o

1.294
1.790
2.170
1,567
1,094

1945
1946
1947
1948
W 9
1950

40.06?
4l,4l2
43,371
44,201
43.006
44,124

826

42,295

938
939
940
946

Trade

Finance

Service

tGovern: went

6,612

1,382
1,419

3,321
3,477
3,705
3,857
3,919
3,934

4,192
4.622
5.*31
6,049

Annual
average:
1959

19^0

123°
Mar..
Apr.*
May. *
June.
July.
Aug..
Sept,
Oct..
Nov..
Bee.,

1951
Jan..
Feb.,
Mar..
Apr..
May.,

42.926
43.311
43,945
44,096
45,080
45,684

45,898
45,873
46,595

45,246
45.390

9^7
983
917

883

852
943
931
932
904

912

See e x p l a n a t o r y n o t e s ,

7,522

1,394

8,602

1,586

9,196
9,491
9,438
9,524

1,641
1,716
1,763

1,907
2,076

14.103
14,162
14,413
14,666

3.373
3,928
3,335
4,023

9,206

1,791

9,346
9,326
9,411

1,803
1,812

14,777
15.450
15.685
15,327
15,765
15,789

4,052
4,120
4,139
4,132
4,123
4,125

9.390
9,474
9,641
9,752
9.396
10,445

1,831
1,837
1,827

15,734
15,978

4,072
4,032
4,112

9,592
9.554
9,713
9.613
9.670

1.831

2,245
2,414
2,532

46,191

7,260

1,462
1,440
1,401
1,374

14,146
14,884

2,629
2,626

45,850
45,960

15,302
14,461
15.247

6,940
7*416
7,333
7,139

2,156
2.318

1.982
2,165

922

937

2,912
3,013
3,243
3,433
3,619
3,798
3,872
4,023
4.122
4,151
3,977
4,010

950
946
939
933

932
930
924
910




1.132
1.661

10,078
10,780
12.974
15,051
17.581
17.111

2,631
2.571
2,403

2,231

2,228
2,326
2,472
2.592

15,286

16,022
15,928
15,639

4,152

M59

s e c t io n s A-6 » and the g l o s s a r y fox1 d e f i n i t i o n s .

1,812

1,827

1,821
1,820
1,828

1.839
1.854
I.865
1.875

3.987

6,026

4.055
4,621
4,786
4,799
4,782
4,761

5»967
5,607
5,454
5,613

4,703
4,757
4,790
4,826

5.769
5,915
5.900
5,832

4,841
4,827
4,8l6
4,757
4,723
4,694

5,741
5,793
6,004
6,039
6,037
6,37 6

4,666
4,657
4,682
4,743
4,787

6,088
6,122

5,811
5,910

6,217

6,292
6.577

TABLE 2:

Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry
Division and Group

(In thousands)
V

Industry division and group
TOTAL

> April

( March
1

45,960

45,850

45,511

42,926

910

924

940

959

104.4

105.5

67.6

72.2

581.5

596.5

255.5
105,5

250.2

4 6 ,1 9 1

912

MINING
Metal mining
Anthracite
Bituminous-coal
Crude petroleum and natural gas production
Nonmetallie mining and quarrying

1
70.4 I
57? .5 s
2^4.0 \
1 0 4 .1

less 1

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

2,592

NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION

50U

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
GENERAL CONTRACTORS
SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
Transportation
Interstate railroads
Class I railroads
Local railways and bus lines
Trucking and warehousing
Other transportation and services
Air transportation (common carrier)

2.076

456

594

442

589

180.9

149.5
244.0

182.4

260.0

150.2
258.4

i

274.9

! 2 ,01 c

1,952

1,805

1,687

895

852

807

766

702

1,195

: i,i64

;; 1,125

1,057

985

|

290.1

284.7
146.7
158.5
555.5

154.9
159.4
579.9

15,928

249.5
117.1

122.0

120.2

550.8

498.7

16,022

14,415

14,162

! 8,977

8,969

6,880

j

6,951

\ 7,055

7,809
6,604

7,548
6 ,614

4,159

i

4.152

j

4,112

5,885

5,928

2,912

1 2,^07 12,895

2,685
1,296

2,735
1,356

1,155
I4y

1,188
150

619
6B5
79.1

681
651.5
48.8

! 1,462

1,286
;
j
!

; 1,451
| 1.274
144

144
624
677
1
78.1

672
76.9

680
650.1

675

659

657

625.9

610.7

609.2

48.5

47.8

46.9

46,9

\

See explanatory notes, sections A-G# and the glossary for definitions.




257.1
126.7

3,959

1,466
1,291
144

Communication
Telephone
Telegraph

413.1
255.9
97.5

98.5
75.5
419.0
251.4
94.5

2,088

15,859

DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS

99.9
76 .1

April

2,245

140.1 I
595.7 i

MANUFACTURING

May

2,526

292.2 j
166.5 ;

Plumbing and heating
Painting and decorating
Electrical work
Other special-trade contractors

99.6

1

| 2,472

2 13 *5 !
2 $ o ,y j

Highway and street
Other nonbuilding construction

1950

1951

May

626

562
678
74.6

554
673
75.7

A:^
TABLE 2:

Employees in Uonagrlcultural Establislanents, by industry
Division and Group {Continued}

(In thousands)

Industry division and group

1 Kay

1951
j April < March 1
j

May

1950
i April

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
(Continued)
544

546
I 5^5
520.7 j 519.3
232,2 | 231.6
116.0
115.6

Other public utilities
Gas and electric utilities
Electric light and power utilities
Gas utilities
Electric light and gas utilities
combined
Local utilities, not elsewhere classified

172.5
24.9 I
9,670

TRADE

519.1
231.5
115.6

1(2.1 ! 172.0
24.6
25.4

{9,618

9.713

541
515.8
232.5
113.1

538
512.5
231.4
111.7

170.2

169.4
25.3

25.0

9.346

9.526
\

Wholesale trade

a .567

!2,579

2.590

2,479

2,477

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food and liquor stores
Automotive and accessories dealers
Apparel and accessories stores
Other retail trade

i •103
1,465
1,267
,'42
551
3,078

I7.039
|1,446
j1,262
1 738

6,847
1,412
1,204
714
533
2,cj84

6,869

543
;5,050

7.125
1.512
1,264
736
574
3.037

545
2,952

1.875

1,865

1,854

1,818

1,803

FINANCE

4f-2

Banks and trust companies
Security dealers and exchanges
Insurance carriers and agents
Other finance agencies and real estate

63.8
m

625

Motion pictures

420

662

421
59.2
640

67?

692

686

449
63.9

58.2
639

4,743

4,682

4,790

4,757

451

445

435

451

441

357.8

352.6 •
153.11

351.3
150.4

353.7
150.1

3 4 / .4

158.6

250

24?

243

236

236

j 6,377

: 6 ,2\2

j 6 .21?

5,900

! 5,915

2,201

2,146
. 4,071

1,890
4,010

\ 3,976

i

Laundries
Cleaning and dyeing plants

1,200
706

4,787

SERVICE
Hotels and lodging places

451
63.9
662
688

1,466

1

1
i
i
j
i

146.1

|
GOVERNMENT
Federal 1 /
State and local

j 2,244
jM33
i
i
i
i

4,0;,1

See explanatory notes, sections A~Gf and the glossai*:y for definitions.
1/

Fourth class postmasters are excluded here but w e included in Table 6 *




1.939

A: 5
TABLE 2:

All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries

(In thousands)
1

All employees

1951

Industry group and industry
.May
MINING
METAL MINING
Iron mining
Copper mining
Lead and zinc mining
ANTHRACITE

I April
1

i March
1

Production workers
1951
March
April
1 May

912

910

104.1

104.4 1
s

105.3

31.7

91.9

93.2

37.7

36.4
29.2
21.6

33.7

33.0
25.3

20.5 ,

36.9 !
28.9 :
20.8 !

18.2

32.6
25.6
19.0

7 0 .U 1

67.6 1

72.2

66.1

63.6

67.9

357.8

372,2

1

|

-

92^

24.9
17.9

-

--

BITUMINOUS-COAL

377.3 |

381.3.

396.3

353.2

CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
PRODUCTION

254.0 |

253.3

250.2

..

..

125.7

125.0

124.0

93.1

90.4

86.8

Petroleum and natural gas produc­
tion (except contract services)
NONMETALLIC LINING AND QUARRYING
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES
POOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Dairy products
Canning and preserving
Grain-mill products
Balcery products
Sugar
Confectionery a'nd related products
Beverages
Miscellaneous food products
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
Cigars
Tobacco and snuff
Tobacco stemming and redrying

i
IO5.9 i

"

99.6

103.5

15,839

15,928

16,022

12,991

13,090

13,189

8.9 59

8,97.7
6,951

8,969

7,404

7,428

5.587

5,662

7,428
5,761

6,880
39.7
l,W3

37.6
1,468

290.2

29I.I

149.5

143.5
153.6
125.7

162.7
122.7

288.5 1
2«.3
90.9

288.1
28.6
92.4

213.8

210.0

135.0

134.5

7,053

32.1

35.5

1,098

1,^76

30.3

1,086

1,096

229.2
109.0

150.0

136.5

126.4
28? ,5
28.3
97.2
213.4
138.1

90.2

93-8

95.2

189.5
24.1
74.0
146.0

189.9

190.0

23.5
75.6
143.6
99.2

23.8
80.3
146.6
162,8

81

83

85

25.*»
39.6

25.6 ;
41.1

25.7
42.0

12.1

12.1 1

12.2

*.3

4.6 i
!

4.9

99.1

233.3
99.0
124.6

74

76

78

22.9

23.1
38.9
10.5
3.8

23.3
39.9

37.5
10.5
3.5

11

229.1
103 .I
128.1

28.7

295.3
139.1

See explanatory notes, sections A-G, and the glossary for definitions.




—

10.7
4.2

A: 6
TABLE ?:

All Employees and Production l/orter'S in Mining and Manufacturing Industries (Continued)

(In thousands)

Industry group and industry
Kay
TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS

1.301

i 1.309

170.8
602.2

Yarn and thread mills
Broad-woven fabric mills
Knitting mills
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings
Other textile-mill products

58.6
137.3

5y7.o |
£50.4 1
87.6 ;
6 1.1 |
141.7 j

1.118

j

j 1.229

99.1 I
17.6 |
61.9
9*t.l
141.3 1

822

1.214

1.223

160.2
566.0
230.4 |
77.5 I
53.0 1

161.8
564.4
236.4

126.6 1

122.6

I
f

;

1,000

83.9
54.3

1,106

1.046
i

152.1 |

155*3

134.6

138.1

280.3 j

281.9
339.8

253.0
249.7
89 .I
15.1
56.4

261.2

299.9 |
105.5 1
20.5 i
65.3 {
94.9 !
147.8 |

!

LUMBER AHD WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT
FURNITURE)

137.8

| 1,166
!

271,8 i\
283.8 ;

159.8
571.5
221.7
80.2
50.5
121.8

62.2

1

148.5 1!

1,206

172.5
596.6
256.1
94.0

:
i

Production workers
___ 1951
March
May ..
April

1,319

1 71 .1 !

241.3
90.7 :

APPAREL AKD OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE
PRODUCTS
Menfs and boys* suits and coats
Men*s and boys1 furnishings and work
clothing
Women1s outerwear
Women's, childrens under garments
Millinery
Children1s outerwear
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
Other fabricated textile products

All employees
1951
« April ! March
j
;

107.8

1

!
L
|
I
1
1
!

265.7
94.9

141.0
262.7
305.1
97.2

22.8
62.1

95.9
154.3

82.8

17.9
59.6 1
83.3 1

U9.2

125.7 !

84.2
131.3

785

757

740

722

25.4

68.1

i

c

803

|

,
s

Logging camps and contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products
Wooden containers
Miscellaneous wood products
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES

I
;
jI

70.9
483.3

62.0 j
470.9 I

122.5
82.1

123.2 j

5

82.3 !
64.9 |

63.5
i
l
1
I
I
1

Household furniture
Other furniture and fixtures

350

367

241.5

257.5 |
109.7 |

108.9
1
j

i

1

I

|

56.1

67.0

457.1

449.5

123.0 !
83.5 j
65.0 j
1

107.4

374
265.0
109.1
1

See explanatory notes,sections A-G, and the glossary for definitions.




52.1
426,0

107.7 1
76 .1 !
58.5 ;

107.4
77.4
58.7

303

319

326

213.0

227.9 ;
90.6 1

76,2
57.3

89.9
<
?

:

58.2 }
439.8 |

|

£

236.1
90.0

A:7
TABLE 3:

All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries (Continued)

(In thousands)

Industry group and industry
May
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Other paper and allied products

All employees
1951
\ April
March

*98

j

246.3 i
137 .* i
114.3 |

500

I

245.6!
138.9!
115.5j

Production workers
1951
March
I April
May
1i!

498

425

427

242.2
139.3
116.0

213.1

117.2

212.5 I
118.9 !

9*.2

i
95.3 ;

Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Commercial printing
Lithographing
Other printing and publishing
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Drugs and medicines
Paints, pigments, and fillers
Fertilizers
Vegetable and animal oils and fats
Other chemicals and allied products
PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL
Petroleum refining
Coke and byproducts
Other petroleum and coal products
RUBBER PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber footwear
Other rubber products
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather
Footwear (except rubber)
Other leather products

509

509

296.3 i

297.1

52.7 |
*9.1!
205.0 I
41.11
112.6 j

52.8
**9.3
206.9
41.1
112.8

152.2
3*t.5
35.7
167.7
31.8

150.8 1
35.* 1
36.0 I
1
167.9 \
32.0 i!
87.3

150.0
35.6
36.3
169.7
32.2
87.7

748

748

530

537

539

166.7

|

757

297.3
52.4
**9.0
204.8
40.9
112.5

|
1
j
|
!
|

742

j

j

|

80.1

59.5
169.5
69.9
49.8
29.5
37.3
114.8

59.3
168.2

76.5 |
36.3 i
48.9 \
166.7 |

221.7
104.8
76.0
42.4
53.*
169.3

259

257

257

194

19*

|

206.9 i
21.6 i
30.4 j

205.3 1
21.4 j
30.6 j

204.7
21.4
30.5

150.8

271

270

271

220

112.7
30.8
127.9
370
*7 .5

232.9
89.4

!

150.3
18.6

24.4

24.7
219

69,3
* 9.6
35.6
42.1
116.8

| 192

j

!

11
!
j

149.0
18.5
24.5
220

j

87.8

128.3

105.7

106*2

88.3
25.0
106.3

410

331

35*

371

42.7
210.5
77.6

44.3
225.1
84.1

* 5.9
237.0
87.6

j
!

393

|
I
|

49.0 j
247.6 I
96.0 |

!

58.6

69.5
*9.7
33.4
40.1 1
116.6 j
i
i
ji

18.8

512

88.6
25.4

112.5

|

!
t

30.6

1U. 8 I
30.3 1
128.2 !

1
i

*

50.6
259.6
99.3

Ir

See explanatory notes, sections A-G, and-the glossary for definitions.




87.2

81.5 j
224.0 j
105.5 [
75.7 j
40.0 |
51.6 |
169 .8 ;

!
I

209.1
119.0
95.6

760

757

81.8 •;
225.1 I
106.2 i

424

11i

i
PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED
INDUSTRIES

I
!

24.8

i

TABLE 3:

All Employees and Production Workers In Mining and Manufacturing Industries (Continued)

(In thousands)

Industry group and industry
May
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS

559

Glass and glass products
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster
products
Other stone, clay, &nd glass products

All employees
1951
1 Anril 1• March
1

W .9
42.6
91.2 5
6o*4 ;

100,8 i
116,4 |

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES

1.3*3

Blast furnaces, steel works, and
rolling mills
Iron and steel foundries
Jrimary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals
Rolling, drawing, and alloying of
nonferrous metals
Nonferrous foundries
Other primary metal industries

479

131.9
36.3

81.8

130.1
36.2
80,3

55.2

55.3

148.5
42.3
90.4

146.9
42,3

130.?
36,5

88.5
6 1.1

83.2
54.6

100.6

99.3

116.0

85.4
93.0

85.1
92.9

84.3

116.1

1 1.341
i

643.5 |

643.4

279.9

55.3

56,3 1
I

56.6

99.2

102.9 j
110.8 |

104,0
110.7
146.0

147.6 ;

483

484

61.0

147.1 j

;

__

554

282.1 !

110.8

1

Production workers
1951
May
j April J

559

| 1.34?
i

646.3 1
283.1

1

1.159

;
i
i
564,0 |
!
251.9
46,4

81.3 |I
92.9 !
122.9 |

1.160

92.9
1,159

561.1
251.1

561.1
249.4

47.2

47.4

84.9
93.2
122.4

85.9
122.0

858

858

43.1
140.2

42.7
141.7

132.7
177.8

133.9
176.4

166.6
I98.O

197.0

93.4

3
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT
ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)

!

1,025
49.1
163.8

Tin cans and other tinware
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers * supplies
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal stamping', coating, and
engraving
Other fabricated metal products

42,9 |

1.58.4 i

161.1
228.5

162.7
225.9

130.0

230.0

193.2
235.7

192.3
234.5

162,0

j

1

1.588

1.579

88.3

89.4
193.3
119.1

193.2
117.6

288.8

285.8

!
i

138.3 1
j
178.9

197.4
1,243

1.237

66.6

85.7
192.1

67.4
151.5

117.0
282.6

88.8
228.7

165.6 j
88.1 1

196.7
226.9
104.7

196..2
226..1
103.4

194.8
224.1
102.3

178.0
201.2

178.4

184.1

199.1

195.9

151.6
87.7
226.7

166.1

1,231
65.7
151.0
87.3

222.9

s:
149.7 |

149.9
164.6

149.0
162.7

86.7

86,0

I

1

j

See explanatory notes, sections A-G, and the glossary for definitions.



850

48.9
167.1

1.598

Engines and turbines
Agricultural machinery and tractors
Construction and mining machinery
Metalworking machinery
Special-industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)
General industrial machinery
Office and store machines and devices
Service-industry and household
machines
Miscellaneous machinery parts

:
j

| 1,031

49.4 j
I65.8 I

138.6
255,0

MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)

: 1.034

142.0 j
161.3 |
|
I

1 4 2 ,6

148.4

160,1 j

157.7

TABLE ?:

All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries (Continued)

(In thousands)
All employees
Industry group and industry
May
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial
apparatus
Electrical equipment for vehicles
Communication equipment
Electrical appliances, lamps, and
miscellaneous products
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Automobiles
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and parts
Aircraft propellers and parts
Other aircraft parts and equipment
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment

\

1951
April

1

1[ March

1

Production workers
May

!

__ .195.1.
' April

March

928

937

944

708

717

724

367.9
81.8
327.7

262.3

270.8
67.1
247.7

266.6 )
I
66.0
260.6

262.1

342.0

359.0
79.4
353.4

64.6
273.2

150.3

151.7

152.3

121.9

123.4

123.9

1.512

80.7

1.514

894.6

909.8

426.3

414.1

206.9

279.7
81 .2!

84.3
10.4
44.7
108.(3
94.2
14.6
71.6

11.1

1.236

1,527

10.2
43.0
108.3
93.7
14.6
69.7
1 1 .';.

1,240

935.6
400.0
271.4
77.2
9.5
41.9
109.5
95.0
14.5

759.5
316.5
214.6
59.3
7.4
35.2
94.5
31.4
13.1

68.6

56.6

772.4
308,4
210,3
57.1
7.4
33.6
93.9
So . 9
13.0
55.2

13.2

9.3

10.0

1.253
793.4
292.9
204.1

•
|

55.1
6.7
33.0
95.6
82.7
12.9
54.1
11.3

i
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS

296

294

!

290

l

Ophthalmic goods
Photographic apparatus
Matches and clocks
Professional and scientific
instruments
MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Costume Jewelry, buttons, notions
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
industries

28.1
53.4
53. y

28.0
58,2

1

1

221

218

27.8

23.0

57.8

23.1 :
42,7
29.2

22.9

34.5

34.2

42.8
28,4

175.3

173.3

170.0

127.3

125.5

123.4

486

500

50S

410

423

429

52.6
76.7
55.6

:

55.1 ■
78.3
60.7 ;

56.8
i’6.0

43.4
67.1
47.1 '
I

64.5

45.6

1

68.-9

!

42.5
28.3

52.0 |

47.2
6S .9
55.1

256.1 ?

258.0

:

301.2

305.7

!

308.6

252.1

1
i

i
See explanatory notes, sections A-G, and the glossary for definitions..




222

1I

A: 10

TABLE

Indexes of Production Worker Employment and Weekly Payrolls in
Manufacturing Industries
(1939 Average * 100}

Period

:

Product! on-worker
employment

Production-worker
pay-roll index

Annual average:
1939

100 #0

100,0

19*0

107,5

19*1

132.8

19*2

156.9
183.3
178.3

113.6
16*. 9
2*1.5
331.1
3*3.7

19*3
19**
19*5
19*6
19*7

157.0
1*7.3

19*8

155.2
1*1.6
1*9.7

19*9

1950

156.2

March
April
May
June

3^ 1.0
1 * 1.6

July
August
September
October
November
December

1*8.3
J-3S.3

£25£
January
February
March
April
May

1**.5
1*7.3

333.5
337.2
3 *8.0
362.7

159.2
159.*

367.5
39*.*
*03.2
*15.8
*1*.6
426.0

158.9
161.0
161.0
159.8
158.6

*24.0
*30.0
*35.0
*32.9
*28.3

158.9
160.3

See explanatory notes, section D* and the glossary for definitions.




293.5
271.7
326.9
351.*
325.3
371.7

A: 11
TABLE 5:

Employees in the Shipbuilding and Repairing Industry, by Region 1/

(In thousands)

Region

Majr

1950

1951
April

! March

| 214.7

210.7

132.4

; 133.9

?

'

May

S

April

ALL REGIONS

216.?

PRIVATE

9^.2

|

93.7

95.0

66.2

66.7

122.7

j

121.0

115.7

66.2

6? •2

99.9

|

97.6

94.7

65.3

;

65.5

4J.2

43.5

35.7

|

35.5

55.5

|
1
j

54.4

51*2

30.1

1

30.0

37v2

j
|

37.5

36.6

22.8

j

22.2

14 . i

I

14.6
«i2«S

14.2
22.4

8.5
14.3

|
!

13.8

16.6

8.9

;

9.0

NAVY
NORTH ATLANTIC
Private
Navy (includes Curtis
Bay Coast Guard)
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Private
Navy

85*1

GULF:

|

:
»
j

16.6

Private
PACIFIC

53.4

Private
Navy

9.1
44.3

8.4

ii
S
1
!|
I

;
j
|
j

r ,
52.0

!

51.8

28.4

;

2?. 8

1
:

8.3
43.7

j1

9.7
42.1

6.6
21.8

j
f

2? .4

j

6.4

)

GREAT LAKES:
Private

5.4

j

5.7

j

6.8

2A

j

3.4

4.4

j

4.2

*•1

!

4.0

INLAND:
4,4

Private

j
i
■m-1«
1/ The North Atlantic region includes all ;*urds bordering on the Atlantic in the following
states: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Hew Hampshire, Hew Jersey,
New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont*
The South Atlantic region includes all yarus bordering on the Atlantic in the following
states; Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina,
The Gulf region includes all yards bordering on the Gulf of Mexico in the following
states; Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and £exas.
The Pacific region includes all yards in California, Oregon, and Washington*
The Great Lakes region Includes all yards bordering on the Great Lakes in the following
states: Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Now York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
The Inland region includes all other yards*




A:12

TABLE 6:

Federal Civilian Employment and Pay Rolls in All Areas and in Continental United States
and Total Civilian Government Employment and Pay Rolls in Washington, D. C. 1/
(in thousands)

Area and branch

Employment
(as of first of month)
1951
March
May
April

1
1

May

Pay rolls
(total for month)
1951
\ March
April

All Areas
TOTAL FEDERAL
Executive
Defense agencies
Post Office Department 2/
Other agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,1+32.6
2,420.5
1,212.1
4-92.1
716.3
8.2
3.9

2 ,385.5
2 ,573.5
1 ,180.0

2,263.9
2,251.9
1 ,089.8
490.3

2,219.9
2 ,208.0
1,059.7
486.6

671.8
8.2

661.7
8.1

3.8

3.8

3.8

271.3

268.5

20.0
251.3
242.4

20.3
248.2
239.4

264.6
20.3
244.3
235-4

83.6

82.2

80.2

7.8

7.8
149.4

7.7
147.5

8.1

8.2

.7

.7

488.4
705.1
8.1
5.9

2,332.3
2,320.2
1,133.4
489.0
697.8
8.2
3.9

$749,607
744,506
377.690
129,611
237,205
3,358
1.765

$687,876
683,273
337,876
129,796
3,197
1,406

3,261

2,169.3
2,157.3
1,015.5
!
487.1
654.7

705.217

643,017
643,454

664,389

547,560
129,117
223,684
3,338
1,718

310,605
129,310
203,539
3,197

317,140
132,847
209,825
3,26l

1,366

1,316

100,621

91,887

5,964
94,657
91,003
31,747
2,899
56,357
3,558
516

5.618
86,269
82,781

93.837
5,578
88,259
84,709
29,403
2,949
52,357

215,601

$706,184
701,569
345,685
133,342
222,542
1,354

Continental
United States
TOTAL FEDERAL
Executive
Defense agencies
Post Office Department 2/
Other agencies
Legislative
Judicial

8.2

700,161

659,812

Washington, D. C.
TOTAL GOVERNMENT
D. 'C, government
Federal
Executive
Defense agencies
Post Office Department
Other agencies
Legislative
Judicial

151.0
8.2
.7

See the glossary for definitions.
Jl/ Data for Central Intelligence Agency are excluded.
2/

Includes 4th class postmasters, excluded from Table 2,




28,739

2,855
51,187
3,197
291

3,261
289

AliJ
T A B L E E mp l o y e e s in Nenagrlcultural Establishments ky Industry Division,

by ^tate
(In thousands}

State

Alabama
Ari zona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut 1/
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois 1/
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky 1/
Louisiana 1/
Maine
iiaryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mnne sota
Iiiissi ssippi
iviissouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Har^pshire
New Jersey
New. kjexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
3outh Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
west Virginip.
Uisconsin
Wyoming

Total
______ 19!5l---Apr,
.... fty , „J
624.6
178.5

307,6

3,39o.O
3^2.4

816,2
515.5
6-91.0

622,2

^950 '

1, 001,3

34,8
9.4

914,8

751.4

2/

515,2
703^1
826,4

48o,l

650.3

254.1
725.9
1,794.6

246.7
679.1

1, 711.6

154.9

155.1

1 ’ 5,3

5,696.1
917*5
11^ • 5

5,657,6
911.3

5,481.0
871.5

453.0

*■70.4
il .2

7r>2.1
1,993.0
202.0
95.8
■829,3

110.9 109.2
491.8 4f>o.O

445.3
3,710,5
305.3
465.8
113,9
75U1
1,964.2
199.0
95.4
619.3

430,5

3, !+6^, o

280.3
43.r.7
U 7 .3

1, 717.4
056.6
181.6
94.S

7 -8.1

703.0 661,S
527.6
513.6
966.3
1,043.7 1, 036.5
81.3 7>.i 80,0
717.9
535.^

22,3
12
.2
6.6

595.2
158.4
291,1
3,123.0
329.9

615.9 601.8 774.3
1, 200.7 1,188.8 1,137.3
14 a* 5
151.5
147.3
324.6
320.8 309.2
53,2
55.9
56.3
16
8.5 16
3.4
166.9
1, 680.1 1, 682.1 1,573.2

3, 716
,4
301.1

1

179,0
306,5
3 , # 7 ,3
367,7

025.8
77W7
136,3 132.9 125.I
3,221.0 3, 207.8 3, 074,2
1,251.2 1,231,2 1,2^5.9
612.1 ~u>,3 5>o,2
490.8
486.8
454.6
260.4
732*9

^Mining
1251
'jfijr
1 Apr*

£
4.5
5.4
45.0
13,9

2,2

17,2
57.5
25,3
.7
2.4

y

18,3
8.9
10,2
y
3.4
,3
3.9
12,4
11.2
•9
Mt.l

U7

*3*3
12
.2
6,6
34.5
3.8

3/
6y
*5
4.5
454,6
.8

26.9
11.5
5.8
33.0
8.7

29.2
14,3
25.5
230.7
32.6

2/
y
5,0

42,1

4.0

2*5
17.0

5.4
46 .J
14.1
2.7
lo,7

14.6
155.6
59.5
34.0
3^*5

58.2

61.7

12.2

25.6

.6
2.5

y

1>*5
8,7

10.6

26.0
.6

2.3

y

15.7
8.3
lu.2

y
3.3
,3
3.8
12.2
11.0
3.5
.9
44.2

y
.3
3.7
11.2

1,6

1.4

2.3

10.5
3.4
.7
42.2

192.6
y
y
y
1.1
ia
1.1
2.1
2,1 2.5
12.7 10
12.5
13,3
2.3
m .i
110
,5
12.0 12.0 12,3
1.2 l.l
1,1
24.0
22*5 22.7

175.0

2#?
125.1
3*8
8,5

" Contract Construction
1251
*?5°
Uay
May
A?*-.

....

24.1
64.7
52.6

179,4

1263-1
.1
3.3
3«5
8.9 6.9
3.0

122.7

See footnotes at end of table and explanatory notes, sections G and H*




1950
May ......

f

28.3
15.1
24,0
32.1

13.1
211.5
17.7

40.8

37.7

25,2
61,5

56.1

228,0

50.4

13.4
147.0
53.6

28.5

55.8
12.7

11.4

50.2

15.3
4.3
6.5

86.0
17.0

239.5 23I .I
59.4
5.4

57.4
6.5

34.4

34.6

44.8
158.7

13.0
3.8
60.3
44.7
19.5

44.8
5.9

49.3

58.5
2.0

39*3

26.8

1-.3
135.3

7.7
55.8

42,3

166.4
16.3
30.5
6.5

36.9

29.9
30.5

62,9

4.1
7,0
89.4
16,4

24.5

34.1

58.7
6.0
68.0

16.7

26.6
11.6

75.3

36.5
47.6
11,1

18.1
4,6
8.0
74.8
15.8
244.2
19.9
7.0
30.4

26.4
157.1
15.6

1525.5
0.2
13.3
28.3 23.4
4.7

7.to

43.8
158.5

45.1
129.3

3.1
57.2

3*8
50.9

43.5
17.7

44.7
19.6

13.0

42.1
5.6

11.4

39.*+
7.4

A;l4
TABLE 7:

State
— .....................

Alabama
Arifcona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
C*nneeti«it
Delaware
District of Coluuibla
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
t-^assaehusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Nevf Hampshire
New Jersey
New ke^leo

Employees %n ftonarrlcultural Establishments by Industry Division,
by State
( In tx'ious&nas)

t
Manufacturing.. . ~‘' " " t
'&
&bllV fltil«
j
1
* 3 '^
I 7 " ^ — X r, A p r « " T .M e y „... „ •^ ! j3SI!!!*1t ^

21<.l
18.0

217.4

207,2

5?,3
2 *0

51.7
234

0<vC.6
0O .6

14,6
73,5
7 lc.2
5>s

296.5

418,7
49,3
16.8
102.7
290.J

23.0

21.2

7^.5
042.1

0,9
4l8,0
50,1
15.7

100.8

'{

Trade..
..1
1951
1 19&7
• T u A p r »'~ I. jfaiL-..

70,2

311,3
43.3

121.9
44,5
70.9
790.7
94.5

120.7

3M>
311-0
3,0

49,3
20,9
30.3
298*6
■40*9

784.1
93.5

70,3
773*®
l9#0

364.3

41.9

41.6

41,0

133.7

132,5

128,6

15,3
52.?
275,2

29.4
bb.v
7 0^

30.3
7a
To.r

28.9

91.0
204,4
173.7

209,8

90.9

90.1
194,2
172,1

20.0

17.2
299.1
112.5

*30.9
u i,9

1,210.3 1,219,0 1#13%5
SOO.I
597.7
557*1
110.0
148,8
159.4
110,0
ICC.o
69,1

'y3Vl
64.1

17.1

64.9
64,?

179.3

117.6

40.7

15.7

33-8

lo ;,8

682.7
240a
166.5

600,0
238,8

113,0

167,4
117.5

.32,3
065,9
231,0
162,3
116,6

114.7
$45,7
49.0
143,7
> 2,5

110,0
144,0
46,0
I42r7
359,6

263.S

62,9

61.0
60,4

60.0

uQ,l

*3.3

44,5

33.9

W**V
133,*

w
U
16,5

18,2

57.2
75,2
15,7

217,3
75,4

pa

126.6

71.7
12(3.2

124,2

114,7
145.0
49,4
143.0
366,4

1,149.4 1,159,7 1 ,069.2
202,5
lBf.2
203.3
80,9
89.7
89.7
3 :,6
367,2
339.3
k,9
1,7
17,7

97,2
25,5
126.4
23,3

»9.2
25.->

87,0

208,7

208.0

20513

302,4
37,0

299*7
3».5

294.4
>SA

92,3

91.8
11.4

83,3
10,8
2S.5
269,3
33,5

144,7
13-3.9
109.5
24?.0
73-,6

53.1
3.4
79.0
765.0
13.3

145,1
137,7
107.4
245.0
747,8

52f:»
3,4

02,3

774.5
13*1

100,9

47.8
3.2
74,5
697.3
11,5

59,5

128.1
22,5

'■
:'3,1
li,b
10.7
139*2
lv',5

42.5
8.6
10,6
139.3
1-3

6j.8

25,2

120,3
21,6
40,2
8,2
jo,4
15,1

11.4
26.5
273.3
35,1

134.3

26,2
271.6
35,1

New Yark
Horth Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma

l,u70#G 1,905.1 1,744,4
412,8
410,1
397,9
5.6
5*9
5.b
i#^3.7 1 ,207.8 1,151.3
05.2
72.2
71.7

487.2

1rOi>m3

o C ,l

14. c

o,5
14,2

4J2.2
53.5
13. *

1,234.8
1-5.7
3^.8

4ff.l

49.0

46.6

121.8

121,2

121,3

Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islaad
Sduth Carolina
South Dakota

145.7
141.2
135,4
1,500,9- 1,519.4 1 ,301,0
13°.6
154.5
149.9
214.5203.2
213. J
U ,0
10.9
11.1

•‘ki.l
353.0

40.2

45,3
294.7
15.5
25.3
li.l

102,0
675,1
53.1
e-'.l
.34,4

101,0

350.8
15.1
27.4

672.4
5.3.3
t)4.7
34.:

98.6
662,5
50,7

6C.3
214.8
21.8

57,3
212.0

8.9

1 '3.5
515.5
44.3
17.6

163.3
511.1
43.4
17.4

Tennessee
frexas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia

259.0

niashlzigton
West Virginia
j.lsoonsln
Wyoming

1?0,4
142.6
452.7

230,9

15,2
2 ,9
11.5

11^4

b2,l
36.9

29,2

28.8

26,1

iO,l
214.6
21.8

39,2
234.4

4o.o

34.8

231.8

21->.5

9.0

So.o

60.4

7B.0

173.1

172.1

159.5
496.4
43.2
17,?
164.5

162.2
l’a .2
453.9
5.9

171.4
12;.7

69.8
54.3
77a
15,9

6u«7
53.8
76,5

62.5
50.2

159.5

158.3
85.2
207.4
16.7

152,6
u4.2
206,7
16.?

303,9

Om0

259.6
3&.1

3>40.8

4ll.o
5.4

15.8

See footnotes at « id of table and expla*iat«ry notes, sections Q and H*




1 , 230,7 :1,220.6
152,7
165.1
36.O
3 .8

2 v *3

74,u
14,4

85,8
209.6

17.0

a :15
TaBLE

7:

Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division,
by State
(In thousands)

Finance
State

Alabama
Ari zona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts

LJ.C tigan
i-J.nnesota

....1951
j
.. fcay i Apr.

17.7
5.7
7.9
152.3

152.2

14.5
y j.t

23.5
30.0
24.7

17.8
5.7
7.9

14.2

111.5
3^.4
53.2
591.3
71

K'9.5
3-'.0
53.0
578.8
70.3

j6.e

3-ut>

79.4

78.6

7^.9

60.I

65.8

10.2
271.3
120.2
133.2

10.1
2-9.3

23.3
30.4

22.2

24.4

24.8

29.4

57.3
•,6.8
24,5
75.2
133.7

15.1
19.7
o.7

14.7
19*3
o.7

30.0

57.6
;9.3
24.0
7^*5

T-..o

195.0

57.0
t>8.9
23.4
75.->
193.2

35.5
7.7

97.6

97.1

95.8

51.6

139.3
19.5

137.0

13^.5
13.9

i: .1
1.2
4.4
57.c
4.4

39.2

39.0
11.9
17.7
160.(■
>
21.9

1-7

390.0
22.2
4.1

390.3

18.1
14.5

119,1

10.4
8.5
4.2

91.2

3-«5
7*9
53.'4.1

1> .0
1.2
4.5
59.3
M

1.2

4.5
58.9
4.4

39.7

12.0
1/..9

1--7.9

23.1

19.0

11.'
1 .4
165.9
23.3

94.5

42.8
101.4

225.2

41.1

100.9
219.4

91.6
36.8
92.8
207.0

63.9

27.8

144.3
27.7

221.4
111.3
63.2
139.1
27.6

53.1

02.7

59.o

231.2
112.5
•3.3
144.8

1

94.1

12.2
20.1

227.8
112.1

12.1

19.8

10.5

19.7

1 2.0
33.8

lcl.6
33.7

169.6
31.9

694.6
loi.o
29.5
311 ••
104,1

SG2.3
107.3

307.2
103.6

660.3
103.0
29.4
291.0
91.8
337.5

337.5
21.5
3.9

77^.9
0 .1
13.3

7-0.9

65.2
13.3

755.8
'^5.3
13.0

16.0

17.7

5C.3

49.5

50.8

14.5
117.9
10,4
o.5
4.2

14.5

50.4

116.c
10.2
0.3

49.1

358.9
23.3

351.3
23.9
35.8
l<+.3

47.7
353.9
23.9
35.8
13.7

03.8
370.0

63.3
3>>2.3

32.9
>7.7
32.O

6o.4
31.7

77.2

111.0

111.0

105.4

295.8
54.8

291.2

270.3

22.2
4.1

23.8

23.9
7^.9
5.3
2.9

28.2

27.^

22.7
72.3
•=.1
2,8
25.5

v/ashington
West Virginia
'Wisconsin
Wyoming

26.7
9.0

20.6

26.0

32.4
1.9

9.;
31.9

2.0

9.4
31.5
1.7

76.4
6.3

2.9

35.1
14.

4.0

Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia

77.3

230.5
20.3

j

7-j»<j

235.6

233.2

19.3

19.t

11.3
77.5

11,2

79.5
42.0
95,3
10.4

77.9
40.9
9i.O
9.4

See footnotes at end of table and explanatory notes, sections G and H#




79.o

*+7.5

15.2
19.&
0.8

Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
l:ew Mexico

J5.5

90.6

^7.9
47.7

3.9

u5.2

90.4
66.2
47.6

24.2
339-i+
141.2

22.9
15.0

4.1

95.4
82.0

14.3
335.8

23.0
17.3

62.5

23.6
320.b
129.3
95.2
70.0

330.2

14.1

50.1
515.9

23.^
334.2
1315.3
95.3
81.1

14.3
341.8

3.6

92.9
74.6

97.4
34.4

119.1
130.7

5->«9
I05i9
75.5

146.5
33.&

30,1
60.6

5fc.2

| Kay

56.4
10.0
239.9
114.6
lii.2

59.5
97.3
75.4

3.0

3^.8

| Apr.

53.2
19.5
34,9
432.2
43.9

1^5.9
34.6
23.7
17.0

60.7

May

53.0
24,7
35.1
**#•9
44,2

3.8

30.4

1951 . i. 1950

kaiy

53.5
24.5
35.2
442.8
45.S

7.9
54.3

Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
south Dakota

17.0

j Apr.

5.2
7.7
142.2
14.0

Mississippi
i/iissouri
Montana

New York
worth Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma

May

Kay

1950

1^0.9
35.1

Government

Service

1951

1950

75.5

29.3

32.5

54.0
14.9

62.1
30.1
-0.5

30.9

42,4
14.9

10.8
76.1

14.9
153.3

152.0

132,6

77.9
4c.2

144.4
50.7

I23.0
57.2

128,1

142.6
5-.5
126.7

15.3

15.1

1^.5

95.0
10,8

124.3

Ajlb
TABLE 7 *

Employees in is:onagri cultural Establ ishaient s, by Industry Division,
by State

See explanatory notes^ sections G and H*
1/ Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data*

2/

kilning combined with construction*
lining combined with service*




TABLE 8*

Employees in Nonagtdcultural Jtetablialiments by Industry Division, Selected Areas
(In thousands)

lj >iutaber
Area
AL.aBA.iA
Birmingham
Mining
Manufa*turing
.iiizoa
Phoenix
lining
Manufacturing
Trans* a Public Util# 1/
(Trade
Finance
Servioe
Tucson
kilning
Manufacturing
Trails# « Public Util, 1/
Trade
Finance
Service

Little Rock
Total
Contract Construction
Manufacturing
Trans# & Public (Jtil#
Trade
Finance
Service i f
Government

i
j_ m

oyees

i$5i
j Aprr

! m.y

15.7
.58**$

•1
11*1
8,0
24.4
3*7
lo,9

■1.7
2.U
2,9
C.’
S

16,5
57.8

.1
u.o

8.1
24*5
3.7

11.3

1.7

2,0

18,9
55.3

.2
8.0
7.2

21.8
10.3
1.6
1*5

2.9

1.2

6.6
i.2

2*5
8,2
1.0

9.5

9.2

5.2

64,5

},0
12,0
->,U
17.7
3.5
J>,5

10,6

64*5
5.9

12.3

«.>,H

17.5
3.4
8,4
10.7

*3*0
5.7

11.0

5,6
17.2
3.5
8.5
lo,6

477,2

355.7

Sacramento
Manufacturing

10.1

1>*9

5.9

COL0<UD0
Denver
Mlidng
Contract Construction
Manufacturing
Trails, k Public Util*
Trade
Finance
CCUiECTICUT
Bridgeport
Contract Construction 2/
Manufacturing
Trans* & Public Util*

2.2

Hartford
’Contract Construction 2/
Mcuufactaring
Trails* ft Public Util#
Trade
Finance
Kfev Britain
Contract Constmotion
Manufacturing
Tr&** k Public Util*
Trade
Finance

K»i«

7.7
74.1
7.1
36.5

*.*«*•

25,5

N»A«

1.0
29.5

1.0

4.8
»5

29.3
1.4
4,8
.5

5.9
44,9
13.1

5.7
44,0
13.1

M.A*

5.0

4,9

r**i*«

H*ii#
Nfik*
:«*<>,♦
N.A*

»!*•%♦
&#«**

’m y Haven

^Contract Construction 2/
k-i.rtufjicturing
Trans* & Public Util*
Trade
Pi.ianoe
./aterbury
Contract Construction 2/
iiamifacturi r,g
Traas* a Public Util*
Trade

20.8

K*A*

20.6

2.2

2.1

44,1
2.4
8.7

44,5
2.4
8.7

»05,9
40.3
24,6
39.6
114,2
3o,4
7!>.4

504.9
42.1
24,7
40,7
114,0

281,0

73.7
279.5

16.4
14.7
31.2
5.6

1-3,4
14,8
31.0
5.8

14.2
14,1

11,8
1H .5

11.8

11.2

14.2

13.1

15.0

15.8

21.7
53 .J

21.7
55.9
8.5
33.5

1,0

Finance

21,2

>w4
173.4

172.4

15^.0

21.9

21.5

17.2

1.0

20.0
41.5

25.1
57.1
1C.4

5.8
5.1

l.o
19.9
140,8
25.I
5^.7
9.9

.5*1'
°5.9
5.1

.
1 ,0
1 C.0
35.3
23.7
53.3
9.6

.;Gshltigton
*Tptal
extract Constriction
Wajiufe*c1wi.:g
Trans* &>Pubiic Util*
Tmde
Finance
Service 2 /
Government

1.0

30.2

5'7.t
41.4

21,7
38.9
U3.3
2«.7
73.^
24?.o

*L0HI3)*
oacksonviile

^anufucturXag
Trans* & Public Util*
Trade
Finance
Service 2/
Government

30.8
5.7

Jizml
iimufacturiftg
Trails* & Public Util*
Trade
Finance
Service 2 /
Gove rafflent
Tampa-3t* Petersburg
Total

$eo 'footuot** at end of table ond expXariatory notes* ssc^oiii'<i> 1r*’ rnd 2*




8.0
75.5
7.1
3^.4
23.5

17.0
2,2

0? coi-uj^i.l

oan Die^o

3an Jose
Manufacturing

17.0

Trade
Finance

3.4

470,4

San Franelsco<*0&kl&nd
Manuf acturing

“llia^er of fcipi^jyea
ii "" 1 i v W
■
May J
1 ,«ajr

COH%!tICOT (c'ont’ d ,)
Bridgeport (Cont'd.)

C.ilIFOHJ.Ih
Los Angeles
iaanufactarl ng

Mamf&oturing

Area

1950 ,

29.0
lo w

!•-.5

13.1
19.5
47.2
6.4
25.4
17.4

104,4

107.5

101,3

8,5

6$

Employees in Kbnagricolttoral Est&bllsteient* by Industry Divisi on, Selected Areas
(In thousands)

Area
FLcSbu (Cont*d*)
TaaparSt# Petersburg CCont*d*)
Contract Construction
Manufacturing
Traits* £ Public Util*
trade
Finance
Service 2/
Government

Number of Employees

Number of &;ployce8
im
Tl S 0

May

I

Area

...fcay

k L".«.*»

9.2
19.8
9*1

34.4
5.0
13.7

12.6

o.9
20.5
9«ti
35.$
5.0
15.1

12.8

9.2
1?.8

Oo>itr^ct Construction
&*mfv.cturiv,g
Tmns* * Public Util*
Trade
Finance
S^rv^ce
Gowi%wnt

XI

13.1

12,2

GEORGIA.
^tlants^
to ia

Contract Construction.
i^mifacturii*g«
Trans* & Public Util#
Trade
Finance
Service 2/
Govarnaent
Savannah
Total '
Contract Construction
Mamfacturixig
Trans* & Public Util*
Trade
Finance
Service 2/
Government
INDIRA
Evansville
total
Manufacturing
Nonmanufaoturing

2*3.5
16.3
’ 3.1
30.3
73.>
15.3
31
31 a
‘* .9
3.1
12,9
*.s
o.3
i.a

4.1
4.5

■4.1

32.6
31.2

2 2.9
17.7
*2,S
30.9
73.7
15.1
31.9
31.*
4o ,5
2.v
13.2
.>6
6,1
1,2
4.1
4,5

>3.2
32.13u,6

24;,9
15.3
5 .0
23,4
70.9
15.3
32.5
25.4

^2.8

Fort Wayne
Tota

manufacturing
Nonmanufaoturing
Indianapolis
Total
Contract Construction
Manufacturing
Trans, & Public Utile
Trade
Finance
Other Nonraanufacturiag j /
KaNoAS
Topeka
Total
imi4i.ig
Contract Construction
Lianufacturing
Trans* & Public Util*
Trade
Finance
Service
Government

70.7
41.7
3b.?

272.1
14.5
112.7
25.0
>0.3
13.7
*TO.0

**1.3
.1
2,2
-.9
7.2
v,8

2.1
4,3

W

77.9
41.4
3-5
271.5
13.9
113.4

25.2
60.2
13,0

4?,2

4c,5
,1
2,1

72.2
37.0
35.2

243.9

12.2
91.8
23.9
57.3
13.1
45. »

7.1

37.0
,1
.9
-.4
i,7

4.9

4,4

9«7

8«i

#/
c*<u
♦2,0

u*0

2*0

9»«7
1.3
4,7
40,7

77.2
4.7

2<v.i;

6*9
23.4
3.7
9.0
7,2

51.2

50,2

47,4

Ported
To*tel
Co^r-zct Construe^ on

45.9

Tr.vm* 4 Public Util*
Tsw4
FSa^oe
Servioe %f
Government

11.9
5.4
12,7
2.4
7.9
3.4

45.7
1.9
11.9
5.4
12.9

45.1
2,1
11.3
5.6
12.7

:

D
r,aitlabre
t t i
i4*li'l#
Contract Construction
. .^nufv.eturiag
Trans* A Public Util*
Trde
Fiv*u$iCe
rvi co
Goverrji.eat

'■>•9

5.7
21.3
3»L
6,5

6.7

2.2

2*2
7.8
3.3

3v,4
1^9.5
53.8
54.7
55.2

23.3
53.9
55.2

99.6
23.3
54,2
51.3

:.C .JSLTTS
Boston
.iiwiiifacturing

303.I

302.4

271.2

Fall River
i:Liiufaeturing

31.5

32.3

21,5

isei7 Bedford
:jiuf;eturi ig

>%9

y',b

31.6

Sprln^field^folvoko
1" aufacturi g

75,4

7^.2

72.2

vforcuster
t^ufac taring

54,9

55.0

49.5

’40*0

4v ,2
1.9
1 .5

41.1
2.0
11.3

iiuIH ‘iXfi.
Duluth
ToVl

Contract Coastruction
; _.w
Muf cturing
Traas * 5; Public Util*
Trade

51 ;.o
.5

2,4
7.5
3.4

511,5
•5
3--.C
1.-7.4
53.4

See'’foo^notiis at end of table >md expisiiatory ndteis, *sections G# H# arid I*




97.0
1.3
4.v
41,0
23.5
3.7
9.0
7.2

at
fLi$*f»cturing

1 .7

3i.e
31.0

Liay ^

yxusi.* ii
:

3ti«b
12.5
4.3
6,3
1.2
4.3
4.3

Apr.

(pouted,)

T&tajT

9.4

1731_____

May I

100.2
23.0

2*1

ic.4

7.1

l°t3

101.0

S,o
lv,2

477.7
.5

32.6

1=5.7

50.3

6.9
10.3

- ll*

? aIL iu 6:

Kmpioyees In

Area
Wfiiv*

»rlcultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas
(In thousands)

Service 2/

Government

(Cont»d.)
Rand (Contia*)

1.4
5.3

1.4
50

SI

4.1

25V.2
15.5

257.2
l‘f.->
72,8
2^*v

1.4
5.0
4.1

iilimeapolls

Total
Conteact Construction
manufacturing
Traus, & Public U til,
Trade

Finance
Service 2 /
Government

Area

i i w

C'T * ( q

ijuluth (Coat'd*}
•Finance

Elumbor of Erii>loyees

:Somber of fip^loyeos

Flhlnce
Service

3HZ™J3i55
Apr.
aa..

3EZC
5.6
*9
4.9

5,4

4,7

.3
4.0

• H*v v ^ZHEi
72.4
25*6
75.6
l*,7
2u#o

23.4

244.3

12.5

15.5
20.7
23,5

o4.2
25.4
75.0
15.1
2C.1
23,1

143.7
7.0
41.5
20.3
35.1
6.4
14. d
1».4

139.4
6,9
40.4
1>.8
33*9
d.3
14.0
1 .2

75,3

20.c
2.3
7.i
1.5
4.0
2»>

4i,0
1.5
21.7
2.3
7.4
1.5
4.0
2.5

37.9
1 .7
lu.5

“iS^mfacturi^g

3^5.3

357,4

325a

Paterson
fianufactur1ng

162.7

1-54,2

1*2,7

Perth ♦ynbojy
*.jnufacturlng

77,4

7»,4

73.6

Trenton
"Tranufacturl ng

45,4

46.1

4.3,6

5,9

•5.1

5.0
5.4
4.7
11.5
2.3
••,3

5.0
4.6
4.4
11.4
2.4
5.1

Wiiiiufacturlng

cH>#s

86,0

75.3

Bl>^^nton
4suiufioturing

37*9

38.0

35,7

Buffalo
KailufActuri ig

200.9

200,9

178,8

lb .5

1 .4

14,5

117.4
555.9
637.7

U5.5
999,6

<338.7

119,9
936,2
625,7

Rochester
*.anuf.cturing

I05.O

105.2

55.3

Syracuse
Manufacturing

59.9

50.3

51,5

^Totol
Contract Construction
i-vjauf..xturing
Tr:^*st & Public Utii*
Trade
Flnaace
Service
Government

4 oa

1.5

*>t« Paul

Total
Contract Construction
vianufacturing
Tracis# & Public U til*
Trade
Finance
Service 2 /
Government

5.0

144.0

7*4
41.4

20.4
34.9

0,5

14.?
1-.4

2.1
7,7
1.5
4.0
2.5

MS'*. JtL.ofcY
Jlevark-Jersey C ity

ilSSlSSIPPl

Jackson
Hamfcxturing

7,9

8.2

7.7

: iXJov/tJ *.l

Kansas C ity (In clud ing
Kansas C ity , Kr^nsas)
Total
Lining
Contract Construction
tifcunufacturing
Trans, & Public U til*
Trade
Finance
Service
Government

&.JCQ

332.9
,9
20.8
95.0
42.9
92.9
19.4
39.8
21.2

329,8

206.4

2i9.fi

•v.
20,1
?4,1
42,5
91.6
19.3
40.2
21.2

314.6
,7
15.0
Oti,b
39t9
35,7
4lfu
20,6
1»*5

Omaha
Total
Contract Construction
manufacturing
Trans, & Public Util#
Trade
Finance
Service 2/
Government

I4ua
s»*5
32*1
22,v
37.7
lu*4
17*0
13*3

13 *9
♦2

32»0
22*S
37 .V
itJ.3
1>.8
13.-5

131,4
,3
2w.i
21.1
3,0
9.9
1 .7
12.$

-CM*DA

iieno
Contract Construction
Manufacturing if
Trans, £ Public U til*

1.9

2fO

1,5

1*5

3#0

3*0

2.3

ll!,. Y0:tK

Klitilra
Manufacturing
4,ew York Citjf
TContr .ct 4?onstniction
iv.nufacturing
Tr.-de

1.7
1.5
2.9

See footnote a t-t end of table and explanatory nots?, seetious G, K, s’ad"j.'




>,6
4.5
11,7

90,2

s t, Louis
tftunufacturlns

.Jbuqucrque
’(fontrivct Construction
kanufacturl ng
Trc«ns, & Public Utll9
Trade
Finance
aurvlc^ 2/

A: 20
Twii-iS

Employees in >
’dnagriculture EstaLl 1shments by Industry Division, Seleetcd Areas
(In thousands)

Area
NT- YORK (Cor.t'd.)
Utl$a~Rome
oanufacturlng
»«MF. C*JRUD*
Charlotte
Contract Construction
icaTufacturing
Trans* 6 Public Util*
Trade
Fi.ivnce

Lumber of Employees
1950'
*‘Pr.
• >■;'

45.8

10,7
21,7

10,5
22»5
4,4

43.7

10.1
21,2

42.7

7.b

io . s

9.7

22.3
4.3

21.8
4,2

Tulsa
Total
lining
Contract Construction
Manufacturing
Traas* & Public Util*
Trade
Fiauice
Service
Government

8.5
,!,0

lll.S
S .2
>»4

13. v

13.0

11,1

11.1

33 «7
'♦V
13.1
>>.9

34.2
•/

10.3
3?«7
.5
13.2
21/.4

123.5
v»5
5.9
13.7

123.3

90.!
y»0
v.3
1?.5
lv. J
24. v
4,5
9.7

13.0
30.3
09.9
10,2
.2

65.2

19.2
lc . 7
-3*o

1 .3
10.7
23.3

9.0
*i#4

9.7
5.>

4.4
9.9
5.5

4.5

0RSGOK
Portland
t armfactaring

5V«5

5^.2

52.8

PE.ii vox;. I;*.
Philadelphia
kanufacturlng

562.1

59^.5

526.8

Pittsburgh
ti£,nuf >cturln.s
Providence
“total
Contract Construction
i/ianufacturing
Trans # & Public CJtil*
Trade
finance
Service 2 /
Government
SCJTH C*xbivLIi<**
Charle ston
Lanufcdfturlng
Trans* & Public Util,

372.9

372,1

2* 5.9

3^-.0

14.5
155.1
13.7
51.0
10.4
21,4
2u,6

I 0C.5
13.6
51.1
10.4
22.2
-0,4

1$,0

x . ?*
\co \ t 'e . )
Columbia
iVnuf'^otarl ng

5»d

5.7

7.2

>Cft*! DACOTA
Siuuz Falls
;.c..iuticturi ng

5«o

5.0

4.9

.2

.2
43.0

330.5

271.9
11,7
I4u«3
14.1
u7«9
1C.1
21.9
25.9

TSxK^KK
C’\4tt?UlOO.g&
^4nii*g
jAiufi.otuvin<>
Trans* & Public Util*
trade
Finaace
S*r. ice
•3oV.>mti«eilt
Knoxville
>intLv,
linaf: cturiixg
Traits* & Public Util#
Trr-utv
>in^*cc
o^rvicw
Govi;rm*;vnt
.«/. pliis
ilaliig
Ui'i’jificturing
Trans* £ Public Util*
Trade
PLiance
service
Government
R*.shville
i anuftvcturirig
Trans* & Public Util*
Trc.de
Finance
Service
Government
UT,J!
Salt Laks Citjr
"Li.iinS
Contract Construction
vhnufacturlu^
TPO...S, * Publle Util. 1 /
Trade
Finance
Y.-.VU'QT
Burlington
kaaufacturi>4g
Hn

8.8
5.1

9.4
5*2

8.6
4.2

42*i.
4*8
I7e5

4,i

1?»2

.2
37.3
4./
lv.l
2.7
9.5
7.7

7.8

2.3
9-i
7.5

2.7
4l.fi
7.0

41.8
7.2

21.3

21.2

3.»
9.2
12,9

3.9.2
12.7

.4
41.4
15.4
47.1
7.4

22.5
I 0.7

.4
41.4
15. ■
*
45.?
7.4
22,4
16.4

35.3
11.4
24.1
5.9
14.0
13.1

35.5
U .5
23.9
5,0
14,0
13.1

33*1
11.3
24,1
.?-7

'>.0
7.7
14.1
5.9
27.3
4,8

5.0
7.5
14.1
-.9
'5,8

4. a

5.5
7-1
12.8
', 5
2^.6
4,5

5.9

5.0

5.1

2^5.0
13.1

256.3

238.4

2*0

2.9

2.5
3 .3
7.1
21,4
3.>
12,4

.3
3v.5
15.3

45.0
',6

23.2
13.4

13.1

i/X^GTO

Seattle
Total

Contract Construction

See footnotes at ©ad o f.table' and e^planatoiy notes, $*cti6ns G, H, and I*




Number of Employees
1J£0_
______1951_____
•ipf.
..■ M W V
r

20.5

0KL«H0»*
Oklahoma City
Total
Contract Construction
lining
..Linufacturing
Trans* S Public Util*
Trade
Finance
tivrvlce
Government

Area

12.5

13.5

4*:21
Y.iH»E 8:

Employees la Nonagricultural Establ 1shn;ents by Industry Division, Selected Areas
(In thousands}

Area
:GTw: •

rl^flber~if j^ploy^es

flumbt-r of Employe
1951

(cont1^ )

J&

J£ 2 l

JS£-

66.8

5°«9
25.3
63.7
14.1
33.2
31.7

Seattle (Cont'd*)
I'enuticturing

Trans* & public U til*
Trads

Finanoe
service 2/
Government

71.3
29.b
vo*0
14,4

33.3
3/.3

29.5

05.6

14.4
32.5
3^.7

Spokane

Total
Contract Construction
jvlanufaeturi :.g

Trans* & Public Util*
Trade
Finance
Service 2 /
Govemaent

Tacoma
Total

Contract Construction
L&v.;uf«*ctaring
Trans* & Public Util*
Trade

>5.8
3*7
13.5
10.4

18.1
2.9
9.7
7.5
72.4
4.5
I 8.v
-.5
l!:.4

65.O
3.3
13.3
10.4
lb.i

2.9
9.5
7.4

72.2
4.4

16.7
•1f5
14.4

See explanatory notes, sections G, H, and •I f
Excludes interstate rr.i1roads*
2 / Includes mining*
j / Includes mining, service, and gov g m*r.ent *
K«a * * Not available *




Area

L

63.8

4,0

12.6

10.4
17.6
3.0
9.5
£.7
35.1
4.5
17.9

>.1

14.3

^SKIj«» o'S (Cont*d.)
Tacoma (Cont*d«)
Finance
Service 2 /
Government

3251.
isflay

rH1950
SL

lti.o

1 0 .7

2.4
..8
13*1

97.3

2.7
5,9

2.7

o.6

SoT VIRGINIA

Charleston
Total
lining

Contract Construction
lianufacturi ng
Trans* & Public U til*
Trade
Finance
Service 2 /
Government

97.C

95.4

21.3

21.6

22.5

26.2

3.9

28.2
9.0

5.1
24.9
6.4
lv.4

4.1

9«0
15.3
2.7
7.1
8.7

l=.l
2.7
7.1

WI3C0,3Ii’
: ilwaukee
i/txnufacturi ng

194.2

195.1

174.2

R:\olio
ur<nufacturi ng

24.8

25,0

22.0

8.5

2.6
7.1

8.6

A:22
TABLE $t

Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing industries
(In thousands)

Industry
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS:
Meat packing, wholesale
Prepare'.! neats
Concentrated milk
lee cream and ices
Flour and meal
Cane-sugar refining
Beet sugar
Confectionery products
Malt liquors
Distilled liquors, except brandy
TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS:
Yarn mills, wool (except carpet)* cotton
and silk systems
Cotton and rayon broad-woven fabrics
Woolen and worsted fabrics
Full-fashioned hosiery mills
Seamless hosiery mills
Knit underwear mills
Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet y a m
Fur-felt hats and hat bodies
APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS:
Men's dress shirts and nightwear
Work shirts
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES:
Wood household furniture, except upholstered
Mattresses and bedsprings
CHEMICALS AMD ALLIED PRODUCTS:
Fltstics materials
Synthetic rubber
Synthetic fibers
Soap and glycerin
STONE, CLAY, AND OLASS PRODUCTS:
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, not elsewhere
classified
Brick and hollow tile
Sewer pipe

See explanatory notes, section A.




JgL
May

April

March

159.1
33.8
1M

159,3
33.8
12.9
19,1

162,6
34.3

21.1

27.1
13.9
5.8
56.2
62.9
17.5

27,0

13,8
5.*

12,1

18,1
27,6

57.0

14,1
5,1
61.3

60.6

60.3

19.1

22.3

113,1
426,5

111.7

111,6

404.8

397.1

101,1

103.8

63.5
51.3
WA
35.7
8.3

65.9
5^.6
35.7
38,3
8,9

67,2
56.9
36.9
38.7
'M

84,9
13.0

87,7

87.7

12,9

12.9

lio ,7
27.5

IIS 6

28,5

124.7
29.2

22,5
7,5
56^
12,2

22,3

22.2

7,3
56.6

56.6

20,2

20.7

44.1

44,0

43.4

3!>.3
29.1
8,7

36.5
28,7
8,7

36.5
28,1

72,0

7 .1

8,6

At 23

TABLE 9:

Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing Industries (Continued)
(In thousands)

Industry
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES:
Oray-iron foundries
Malleable~lron foundries
Steel foundries
Primary copper, lead, and sine
Primary aluminum
Iron and steel forgings
Wire drawing
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE*
MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT):
Cutlery and edge tools
Hand tools, not elsewhere classified, flies,
hand saws, and saw blades
Hardware, not elsewhere classified
Metal plumbing fixtures and fittings
Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus,
not elsewhere classified
Structural and ornamental products
Boiler shop products
Metal stampings
MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL):
Tractors
Farm machinery, except tractors
Machine tools
Metalworking machinery, not elsewhere
classified
Cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, etc.
Computing and related machines
Typewriters
Refrigeration machinery
Ball and roller bearings
Machine shops

JkSSL
Jl*3L

April

162.5

163.5
27.7

T

March

9.9
34.0
43.9

163.3
27.5
59.8
26.3
9.8
33.7
43.6

24.1

24.5

24.9

58.9

38.7
73.5
31.4

38.5
74.7
31.5

81.6

82.5

63.6
56.1

62.2

27.9
62.1
26,0
9.4
34.2
44.1

71.9
31.1

79.4
64.4
56.3
119.9

60.8
26.1

123.7

55.6
123.6

72.3
75.8
58.5

72.0

72*0

76.3
58.4

75.7
57.4

42.3

41.8

41.6

90.3
41.5
21.5
101.3
46.6
46.6

88.8

86.9

41.0
21.2
102.3
46.1
46.3

40.3

106.2

157.8

171.2

183,2

39.3

38.9

38.2

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT:
Locomotives and parts
Railroad and streetcars

24.<?
33.0

24.7
31.6

24,0
31*3

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES:
Silverware and plated ware

16.9

17.5

17.6

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY:
Radios and related products
Telephone and telegraph equipment and
communication equipment» not elsewhere
classified

See explanatory notes, section A.




20.8
45.4
45.4

A:?4
TABLE 10:

Employment of Women in Manufacturing Industrles-Deoember 1950 and March 1951

Industry group and industry

MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES
FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Dairy products
Canning and preserving
Graln-mill products
Bakery products
Sugar
Confectionery and related products
Beverages
Miscellaneous food products
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes
Cigars
Tobacco and snuff
Tobacco stemming and redrylng
TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS
Yarn and thread mills
Broad-woven fabric mills
Knitting mills
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings
Other textlle-mlll products
APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE
PRODUCTS
Men's and boys1 suits and coats
Men’s and boys1 furnishings and work
clothing
Women1s outerwear
Women's, children's under garments
Millinery
Children's outerwear
Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel
Other fabricated textile products




Marsh. 19!51
Percent
Number
of total
(in thousands)

December 1950
Percent
Number
of total
(in thousands)

4,203.6

26

4,120.8

26

1,547.2
2,656.4

17
38

1,486.6
2,634.2

17
37

7.8

22

6,1

20

353.0

24

376.7

25

6l.4

21
21

64.3
29.1

20
21

28.8
56.8

38

70.1

42

20.9

16

71.6

25

3.3
51.9
20.9
37.4

11

25
9
56

10

19.9
70.9
3.9
59.0
22.9

27

36.6

27

51.4

61

54.4

61

11.4
32.7
5.3

2.0

44
78
44
42

11.5
32.7
5.5
4.7

44
77
46
49

571.9

43

585.9

43

8 l.l

80.2
252.9

47
40

166.9

66

21.7
15.3
48.9

47
39
66
23
25
36

21.7
15.5
48.7

23
25
36

936.0

76

892.5

75

96.6

62

93.8

62

237.9
26c. 6
95.2

84
77

226.6

84
75

17.8

70

53.4
69.4

86

235.1

169.8

100.1

53

88

72
65

248.7
93.8
14.7
55-2

66.1
93.6

16

11

88
69
84
72
64

A:2*
TABLE 10s

Employment of Women In Manufacturing Industries-December 1950 and March 1951 - (Cont'd)

Industry group and Industry

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT
FURNITURE)
Logging camps and contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Mlllwork, plywood, and prefabricated
structural wood products
Wooden containers
Miscellaneous wood products
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Other furniture and fixtures
PAPER AMD ALLIED PRODUCTS
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Other paper and allied products
PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED
INDUSTRIES
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Commercial printing
Lithographing
Other printing and publishing
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial organic chemicals
Drugs and medicines
Paints, pigments, and fillers
Fertilizers
Vegetable and animal oils and fats
Other chemicals and allied products
PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL
Petroleum refining
Coke and byproducts
Other petroleum and coal products




March 19*il
Percent
Number
of total
(in thousands)

December ]-95P„
Percent
Number
of total
(In thousands)

56.6

7

56.5

7

1.1
19.7

2
4

1.4
19.8

2
>t

9.3
13.8
12.7

8
17
20

9.2
13.3
12.8

16
20

63.7

17

61.6

17

43.7

17

20.0

18

42.6
19.0

16
18

119.5

24

119.2

24

27.1
1*6.0
46.4

11
33
to

27.6
45.9
45.7

11
33
40

2C6.3

27

206.5

27

18

18

29
42

52.3
18.5
21.0
54.1
12.3
48.3

18

128.5

53.2
3.8.1*.
21.5
54.2
11.8
47.2
135.0

35
44

26

7

35
43

26
89
42

18

6.6

3

6.0

8

34.4
4o.6

16

15
39
14
5
5
22

10,6

39
14

1.9
3.3
37.6

6
22

32.5
39.2
10.3
1.7
3.0
35.8

12.9

5

13.0

5

10.2

5

.4
2.3

2

10.3
.4
2.3

5
2
8

8

A:2$
-7ABLE 10:

Employment of Women In Manufacturing IndVKtttiAS-Becember 1950 and March 1951 -(Oont'd)

Industry group and Industry

RUBBER PRODUCTS
Tires and Inner tubes
Rubber footwear
Other rubber products
LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather
Footwear (except rubber)
Other leather products
STONE, CLAY# AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Olass and glass products
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Other stone, clay, glass products
PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnaces, steel worics, and
rolling mills
Iron and steel foundries
Primary smelting and refining of
nonferrous metals
Rolling, drawing, and allowing of
nonferrous metals
Nonferrous foundries
Other primary metal industries
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCSVT
ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)
Tin cans and other tinware
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Heating apparatus (except electric)
and plumbers9 supplies
Fabricated structural metal products
Metal stamping, coating, and engraving
Other fabricated metal products




March 1951
iteceiuber 1950
1
Percert
Percent
Number
Number
of total
of total
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
76.0

28

73.7

27

19.8
15.*
40.8

18
32

20,1
14.3
39.3

17
49
31

194.4

48

183.8

46

6.3
137.6
50.5

12
53
51

6.4
130.9
46.5

12
52
50

96.7

18

93.8

17

38.6
1.1
8.6
28.4
4.5
21.5

26
3
10
37
5
19

37.2
1.0
8.7
22.0
4.3
20.6

26
2
10
36
4

74.1

6

72.1

6

21.8
11.8

3
4

21.7
11.0

3
4

1.7

3

1.7

3

12.8
14.5
12.1

12
13
8

12.1
11.6

12
13
8

197.1

19

193.0

19

13.2
46,8

27

28

14.3
47.1

28
28

13
7
22
25

21.1
14.3
40.9
55.3

13
7
22
24

21.8
14.9
42.9

57.5

50

14.u

18

A: 27
TABLE 10:

Employment of Women in Manufacturing Industries-Deeenber 1^50 and March 1951 - (Contfd)

Industry group and industry

MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)
Engines and turbines
Agricultural machinery and tractors
Construction and mining machinery
Metalworking machinery
Special-Industry machinery (except
metalworking machinery)
General industrial machinery
Office and store machines and devices
Service-lndustry and household
machines
Miscellaneous machinery parts
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY
Electrical generating, transmission,
distribution, and industrial
apparatus
Electrical equipment for vehicles
Communication equipment
Electrical appliances, lamps, and
miscellaneous products
TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Automobiles
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Other transportation equipment
INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic apparatus
Watches and clocks
Professional and scientific
Instruments
MISCELLNAEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Toys and sporting goods
Costume Jewelry, buttons, notions
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Industries




March 1951
Percent
Number
of total
(in thousands)

December 1950
Percent
Number
of total
(in thousands)

218.9

14

204.1

14

10.5

12
9
9
13

9.7
17.0
9.3
32.7

12
10
8
13

11
14
27

19.3
28.7
26.7

11
14
27

33.9

18

26.3

19
14

26.8

15

361.5

37

361.0

39

103.8
24.4
178.5

29
31
51

100.7
23.8
181.5

29
31
51

54.8

36

55.0

36

l64.i*

10

140.4

10

95.

10
15
3
6

10
14
3
6

16

86.0
45.9
2.7
3.7
2.1

102.4

35

98.5

35

11.9
17.2
18.4

43
30
54

11.2
15.8
18.4

41
29
54

5*».9

32

53.1

32

204.0

40

199.5

40

22.8
35.4
35.3

40
45
55

23.1
33.9
33.6

40
45
55

U0.5

36

108.9

36

18.1
9.9
37.0
20.5
31.8

28.0
36.8

60.0
3.1
3.8
2.1

16

EXPLANATORY MOTES

flection A. Scope of the BL5 Employment Series - The Bureau of Labor
Statistics publishes each month the number of employees in all nonagrlcultural estab­
lishments and in the 8 major industry divisions: mining, contract construction,
Bianufacturing, transportation and public utilities, trade, jfinarice, service, and
government. Both all-employee and production-worker employment series .are also pre­
sented for 21 major manufacturing groups.*, over 100 separate manufacturing industries,
and the durable and nondurable goods subdivisions. Within nonmanufacturing, total
employment information is published for. over 50 series. Production worker employment
is also presented for most of the Industry components of the mining division.
Table 9 shows production-worker data for 60 new industries. These series
are based on the levels of employment indicated by the 19**7 Census of Manufactures
and have been carried forward by use of the employment changos reported by the BLS
monthly sample of cooperating establishments. These series are not comparable with
the data shown in table 3 since the latter are adjusted to bench-mark levels indi­
cated by social insurance agency data through 19^7 .
Hours and earnings information for manufacturing and selected
nonraanufacturing industries are published monthly in the Hours and Sarnlngs Industry
Report and in the Monthly Labor-Review,
Section B. Definition of Employment - For privately operated
establishments in the nonagrlcultural Industries the BLS employment information
covers all full- and part-time employees who were on the pay roll, i.e., who worked
during, or received pay for, the pay period ending nearest the 15 th of the month.
For Federal establishments the employment period relates to the pay period ending
prior to the first of the month; in State and local governments, during the pay
period ending on or Just before the last of the month. Proprietors, self-employed
persons, domestic servants, unpaid family workers, and members of the armed forces
are excluded from the employment information.
Section C. Comparability With Other ISmployment Data - The Bureau of Labor
Statistics employment series differ from the Monthly Report on the Labor Force in the
following respects: (1 ) The BLS merles are based on reports from cooperating estab­
lishments, while the MRLF is based on employment information obtained from household
interviews; (2 ) persons who worked in more than one establishment during the re­
porting period would be counted more than once In the BLS series, but not In the
MRLF; (3) the BLS Information covers all full- snd part-time wage and salary workers
in private nonagfricultural establishments who worked during, or received pay for, the
pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month; in Federal establishments during the
pay period ending Just before the first of the month; and in State a^.d local govern­
ment during the pay period ending on or Just before the last of-the month, while the
MRLF series relates to the calendar week which contains the 8th day of the month; (U)
proprietors, self-emplcyed, domestic servants, and unpaid family workers are excluded
from the BLS but not the MRLF series.
Section D. Methodology - Changes in the level of employment are based on
reports from a sample group of establishments, inasmuch as full coverage Is prohibi­
tively costly and time-consuming. In using a sample, it is essential that a complete
count or "bench mark" be established from which the series may be carried forward.
Briefly, the BLS computes employment data as follows: first, a bench mark or level
of employment is determined; second, a sample of establishments Is selected; and
third, changes in employment indicated by this reporting sample are applied to the
bench mark to determine the monthly employment between bench-mark periods. An




- i -

illustration of the estimation procedure used in those industries for which both all­
employee and production-worker employment information is published follows: The
latest production-worker employment bench mark for a given industry was 50,000 in
January. According to the BLS reporting sample, 60 establishments in that industry
employed 25#000 workers in January and 26,000 in February, an increase of ^ percent.
The February figure of 52,000 would be derived by applying the change for identical
establishments reported in the January-February sample to the bench mark:
50,000 x 26,000 ,
_
_____
— s— — /or i nty) * 52,000
25,000
The estimated all-employee level of 65,000 for February is then determined by using
that month’s sample ratio (.800 ) of production workers to total employment
(or muitipn©d by 1 .2 5 ) «■ 65 .000 .
When a new bench mark becomes available, employment data prepared since the
last bench mark are reviewed to determine if any adjustment of level is required. In
general, the month-to^month changes in employment reflect the fluctuations shown by
establishments reporting to the BLS, while the level of employment is determined by
the bench mark.
The pay-roll index is obtained by dividing the total weekly pay roll for a
given month by the average weekly pay roll in 1939♦ Aggregate weekly pay rolls for
all manufacturing industries combined are derived by multiplying gross average weekly
earnings by production-worker employment,
Section E, Sources of Sample Data - Approximately 1^3,000 cooperating
establishments furnish monthly employment and pay-roll schedules, by mail, to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. In addition, the Bureau makes use of data collected by
the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Civil Service Commission, and the Bureau .of
the Census.
APPROXIMATE COVERAGE OF MONTHLY SAMPLE USED IN
BLS EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL STATISTICS
:
Employees
: Number of
: Number in j Percent
: establishments
sample : of total
:

Division or industry

Mining
Contract construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities;
Interstate railroads (ICC)
Rest of division (BLS)
Trade
Finance
Services
Hotels
Laundries and cleaning and dyeing plants
Government j
Federal (Civil Service Commission)
State and local (Bureau of Census ^
quarterly)




- ii -

3,000

W 7 ,0 0 0

50

19,300
39 #000

539,000

26

9*092,000

64

1,329,000
1 ,309,000
1 ,676,000

98

12,500
58,100
7,900

367,000

18
20

1,300

144,000

33

1,800

97,000

20

i,939,ooo

100

2 ,450,000

62

....

—

51

Section P. Sources of Bench-Mark Data - Reports from Unemployment
Insurance Agencies presenting (1) employment in firms liable for contributions to
State unemployment compensation funds, and (2) tabulations from the Bureau of OldAge and Survivors Insurance on Employment in firms exempt from State unemployment
insurance laws because of their small sise comprise the basic sources of bench-mark
data for nonfarm employment. Most of the employment data in this report have been
adjusted to levels Indicated by these sources for 19**7. Special bench marks are used
for Industries not covered by the Social Security program. Bench marks for State and
local government are. based on data compiled by the Bureau of the Census, while infor­
mation on Federal Government employment is made available by the U. S. Civil Service
Commission, The Interstate Commerce Commission Is the source for railroads.
Bench marks for production-worker employment are not available on a regular
basis. The productlon-w6rker series are, therefore, derived by applying to all­
employee bench marks the ratio of production-worker employment to total employment,
as determined from the Bureau1s industry samples.
Section G. Industrial Classification - In the BLS employment and hours and
earnings series, reporting establishments are classified Into significant economic
groups on the basis of major, postwar product or activity as determined from annual
sales data. The following references present the industry classification structure
currently used in the employment statistics program.
(1)

For manufacturing industries - Standard Industrial
Classification Manual» Vol. I, Manufacturing
Industries, Bureau of the Budget, November 19^5;

(2)

For nonmanufacturing industries - Industrial
Classification Code, Federal Security Agency
Social Security Board, 19^2.

Section H. State Employment - State data are collected and prepared in
cooperation with various State Agencies as indicated below. The series have been ad­
justed to recent data made available by State Unemployment Insurance Agencies and the
Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance. Since come Spates have adjusted to more
recent bench-marks than others, and because varying methods of computation are used,
the total of the State series differs from the national total. A number of States
also make available more detailed industry data and Information for earlier periods
which may be secured directly upon request to the appropriate State Agency.
The following publications are available upon request from the RLS Regional
Offices or the Bureau*s Washington Office:




Nonagricultural Employment, by State, 19^7-^8-49;
Employment in Manufacturing Industries, by State,

19^7-W-^9.

- ill -

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Alabama - Department of Industrial Relations, Montgomery 5.
Arizona - Unemployment Compensation Division, Employment Security Commission,
Phoenix.
Arkansas - Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Little Rock.
California - Division of Labor Statistics and Research, Department of Industrial
Relatione, San Francisco 1,
Colorado - Department of Employment Security Denver 2,
Connecticut - Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Hartford 5.
Delaware - Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 1, Pennsylvania.
District of Columbia - U.. S. Employment Service for D. C,, Washington 25.
Florida - Unemployment Compensation Division, Industrial Commission, Tallahassee.
Georgia - Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, Atlanta 3.
Idaho - Employment Security Agency, Boise.
Illinois - Division of Placement and Unemployment Compensation, Department of Labor,
Chicago 5^,
Indiana - Snployment Security Division, Indianapolis 9.
Iowa - Employment Security Commission, Des Moines 8 .
Kansas - Employment Security Division, State Labor Department* Topeka.
Kentucky - Bureau of Employment Security* Department of Economic Security, Frankfort.
Louisiana - Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor, Baton Rouge 4.
Maine - Employment Security Commission* Augusta,
Maryland - Department of Employment Security, Baltimore 1,
Massachusetts * Division of Statistics, Department of Labor and Industries*
Boston 10.
Michigan - Unemployment Compensation Commission* Detroit 2.
Minnesota - Division of Employment and Security* St. Paul 1.
Mississippi * Employment Security Commission, Jackson.
Missouri - Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial
Relations, Jefferson City.
Montana - Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena.
Nebraska - Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor, Lincoln 1.
Nevada - Employment Security Department, Carson City.
New Hampshire - Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor* Concord.
New Jersey - Department of Labor and Industry, Trenton 8 .
New Mexico - Employment Security Commission, Albuquerque.
New York - Bureau of Research and Statistics* Division of Placement and Unemployment
Insurance, New York Department of Labor, 1 W 0 Broadway, New York 18.
North Carolina. - Department, of Labor, Raleigh.
North Dakota - Unemployment Compenration Division, Bismarck.
Ohio - Bureau of Unemployment Compensation, Columbus 16 .
Oklahoma - Employment Security Commission, Oklahoma City 2.
Oregon - Unemployment Compensation Commission* Salem.
Pennsylvania - Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 1 (mfg.); Bureau of
Research and Information, Department of Labor and Industry*
Harrisburg (nonmi’g.).
Rhode Island - Department of Labor, Providence 2.
South Carolina - Employment Security Commission, Columbia 10.
South Dakota - Employment Security Department, Aberdeen.
Tennessee - Department of Employment Security, Nashville 3.
Texas - Employment Commission, Austin 19.
Utah - Department of Employment Security, Industrial Commission, Salt Lake City 13.
Vermont - Unemployment Compensation Commission, Montpelier.
Virginia - Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry,
Richmond 19.




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Washington - Employment Security Department* Olympia.
'lest Virginia - Department of Employment Security, Charleston.
Wisconsin - Industrial Commission, Madison 3.
Wyoming - Employment Security Commission, Casper.
Section I. Area Employment - Figures on area employment are prepared by
cooperating State agencies, The methods of adjusting to bench marks and of making
computations used to prepare State employment are also applied in preparing area in­
formation. Hence, the appropriate qualifications should also be observed. For a
number of areas, data in greater industry detail and for earlier periods can be ob­
tained by writing directly to the appropriate State agency,
GLOSSARY
All Employees or Wage and Salary Workers - In addition to production and related
workers as defined elsewhere, includes workers engaged in the following activities:
executive, purchasing, finance, accounting, legal, personnel (including cafeterias,
medical, etc.), professional and technical activities, sales, sales-delivery, ad­
vertising, credit collection, and in installation and servicing of own products,
routine office functions, factory supervision (above the working foreman level).
Also Includes employees on the establishment pay roll engaged in new construction
and major additions or alterations to the plant who are utilized as a separate work
force tforce-account construction workers).
Continental United States - Covers only the 48 States and the District of Columbia,
Contract Construction - Covers only firms engaged in the construction business on a
contract basis for others. Foroe-account construction workers, i.e., hired di­
rectly by and on the pay rolls of Federal, State, and local government, public
utilities, and private establishments, are excluded from contract construction and
included in the employment for such establishments.
Defense Agencies - Covers civilian employees of the Department of Defense (Secretary
of Defense: Army, Air Force, and Navy), National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics, The Panama Canal, Philippine Allen Property Administration, Philippine
War Damage Commission, Selective Service System, National Security Resources Board,
National Security Council,
Durable Goods - The durable goods subdivision includes the following major groups:
ordnance and accessories: lxunber and wood products (except furniture); furniture
and fixtures; stone, clay, and glasa products; primary metal industries; fabricated
metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment); ma­
chinery (except electrical); electrical machinery; transportation equipment;
Instruments and related products; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries.
Federal Government - Executive Branch - Includes Government corporations (including
Federal Reserve Banks and mixed-ownership banks of the Farm Credit Administration)
and other activities performed by Government personnel in establishments such as
navy yards, arsenals, hospitals, and on force-account construction. Data, which
are based mainly on reports to the Civil Service Commission, are adjusted to main­
tain continuity of coverage and definition with information for former periods.
Finance - Covers establishments operating in the fields of finance, insurance, and
real estate; excludes the Federal Reserve Banks and the mlxed-ownership banks of
the Farm Credit Administration which are included under Government.




Government - Covers Federal, State, and local governmental establishments performing
legislative, executive, and Judicial functions, as well as all government-operated
establishments and institutions (arsenals, navy yards, hospitals, etc* \ government
corporations, and government force-account construction. Fourth-class postmasters
are excluded from table 2 , because they presumably have other major jobs; they are
included, however, in table 6 . State and local government employment excludes as
nominal employees paid volunteer firemen, employees hired to conduct elections, and
elected officials of small local governments.
Indexes of Manufacturing Productlon-Worker Employment - Number of production workers
expressed as a percentage of the average employment in 1939 .
Indexes of Manufacturing Productlon-Worker Weekly Pay Rolls - Production-worker
weekly pay rolls expressed as a percentage of the average weekly pay roll for 193$.
Manufacturing - Covers only privately~operated establishments; governmental
manufacturing operations such as arsenals and navy yards are excluded from manufac­
turing and included with government.
Mining - Covers establishments engaged in the extraction from the earth of organic
and inorganic minerals which occur in nature as solids, liquids, or gases; Includes
various contract services required in mining operations, such as removal of over­
burden, tunnelling and shafting, and the drilling or acidizing of oil wells; also
includes ore dressing, beneficiating, and concentration.
Nondurable Goods - The nondurable goods subdivision includes the following major
groups: food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile-mill products;
apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied products; printing,
publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied products; products of
petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and leather products.
Pay Rolls - Private pay rolls represent weekly pay rolls of both full- and part-time
production and related workers who worked during, or received pay for, any part of
the pay period ending nearest the 15 th of the month, before deductions for old-age
and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, and union
dues; also, includes pay for sick leave, holidays, and vacations taken. Excludes
cash payments for vacations not taken, retractive pay not earned during period re­
ported, value of payments in kind, and bonuses, unless earned and paid regularly
each pas period. Federal civilian pay rolls cover the working days in the calendar
month.
Production and Related Workers - Includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory
workers (including .lead men and trainess) engaged in fabricating, pi*ocessing, as­
sembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing-, shipping,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services, products development, auxiliary
production for plant’s own use (e.g., power plant), and record-keeping and other
services closely associated with the above production operations.




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Service - Cavers establishments primarily engaged in rendering services to
individuals and business firms, including automobile repair services. Excludes all
government-operated services such as hospitals, museums, etc., and All domestic
service employees.
Trade - Covers establishments engaged in wholesale trade, i*e., selling merchandise
to retailers, and in retail trade, i.e., selling merchandise for personal or house­
hold consumption, and rendering services incidental to the sales of goods.
Transportation and Public Utilities - Covers only privately-owned and operated
enterprises engaged in providing all types of transportation and related services;
telephone, telegraph, and other communication services; or providing electricity,
gas, steam, water, or sanitary service. Government operated establishments are in­
cluded under government.
Washington, D. C, - Data for the executive branch of the Federal Government also
include areas in Maryland and Virginia which are within the metropolitan area, as
defined by the Bureau of the Census.

Labor - D. C.

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<LS 52-136)