Full text of Employment and Payrolls : May 1941
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Serial No. R. 1331 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave) A. F. Hinrichs, Acting Commissioner »#+####++##+##+##########+#++#+#+#+###++++#* [- IMif -I ####++##++#4 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Prepared by DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Lewis E. Talbert, Chief and DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT Herman B. Byer, Chief MAY 1941 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1941 • CONTENTS Page Summary of employment reports for May 1941 Total nonagricultural employment . Industrial and business employment Public employment Detailed tables for May 1941 .. Nonagricultural employment .. Industrial and business employment. . Public employment __ _. . _ . 1 1 1 6 8 8 11 33 Tables SUMMARY TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings, May 1941 TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, May 1941 5 8 NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TABLE 3.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups.. TABLE 4.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States 9 10 INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, May 1941 TABLE 6.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, March through May 1941 TABLE 7.—Additional manufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, March, April, and May, 1941 TABLE 8.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, May 1940 through May 1941 _ TABLE 9.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical establishments in April and May 1941 TABLE 10.--Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wage-rate changes during month ending May 15, 1941 . 16 22 28 29 30 31 PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT TABLE 11.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment and pay rolls, May 1941 TABLE 12.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1941, by type of project (Hi) 34 34 IV Page TABLE 13.—Housing projects of the United States Housing Authority— employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1941, by geographic division TABLE 14.—Projects financed by the Work Projects Administrationemployment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, May 1941; employment, pay rolls and man-hours worked on Federal agency projects, May 1941, by type of project .. TABLE 15.—Projects operated by the Work Projects Administration— employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1941, by type of project __. ... ._ TABLE 16.—National Youth Administration student-work program and out-of-school work program—employment and pay rolls, May 1941 _ .__ __ .__ TABLE 17.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls, May 1941_ __ . . . __.. .... TABLE 18.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1941, by type of project __ TABLE 19.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1941, by type of project __. __ TABLE 20.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment and pay-roll disbursements, May 1941 _ ... ._ 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 Employment and Pay Rolls SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR MAY 1941 Total Nonagricultural Employment TOTAL civil nonagricultural employment was estimated at 38,278,000 in May 1941. This was above all preceding levels on record and represented gains of more than 600,000 over April and 3,115,000 over May of last year. These figures do not include C. C. C. enrollees, workers on W. P. A. or N. Y. A. projects, or the armed forces. About half of the increase since April resulted from the resumption of operations in bituminous-coal mines following shut-downs in April pending wage negotiations. Manufacturing employment also expanded substantially, the usual May decline being more than offset by increased industrial activity in many defense and nondefense industries. The only major groups to show decreases over the month were construction and trade. The decrease in the former group was due to the completion of many new army cantonments, while the decline in employment in trade reflected the lay-off of temporary workers who had been employed to handle Easter business. All major groups showed substantial employment gains over May 1940. Manufacturing employment showed an increase of 1,756,000 wage earners, construction employment a gain of 499,000, trade a rise of 222,000 workers, and Federal, State, and local Government service employment an expansion of 301,000. The armed forces of the nation showed an increase of nearly 1,200,000 over this period. Emergency employment decreased 33,000 over the month as a result of the following changes: An increase of 117,000 in the military service and decreases of 119,000 on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, 26,000 on the out-of-school work program of the National Youth Administration, and 5,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps. Industrial and Business Employment Of the 157 manufacturing industries surveyed, 127 reported increases in employment from April to May, and 139 showed increases in pay rolls. As in past months, most of the gains were larger than seasonal. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries regularly covered, 12 showed employment gains, and 13 showed pay-roll increases. For manufactur- (l) ing as a whole, employment advanced contraseasonally 1.8 percent (172,600 wage earners), and weekly factory pay rolls showed a largerthan-seasonal increase of 6.9 percent ($17,642,000). These increases raised the employment and pay-roll indexes for all manufacturing industries combined to the highest levels on record. The typical April-May changes in factory employment and pay rolls are —0.8 and +0.2 percent, respectively. A comparison with May of last year showed factory employment had climbed 21.8 percent, and factory pay rolls had increased 47.2 percent, the larger gain in pay rolls than in employment being due primarily to wage-rate increases, increased hours, and overtime payments. The durable-goods group of manufacturing industries, in which defense activity is largely concentrated, showed employment gains of 2.7 percent over the month and 32.3 percent over the year, with corresponding pay-roll increases of 8.7 percent and 65.1 percent. The gains in the nondurable-goods group as a whole were much less pronounced, namely 0.8 percent and 12.4 percent in employment and 4.2 percent and 26.8 percent in pay rolls. The employment and pay-roll indexes for these two groups were likewise at the highest levels on record. Employment in key defense industries continued to expand, and many additional industries affected by orders for war materials also reported substantial employment gains. Among them were foundries and machine shops (15,900), electrical machinery (14,900), steel (12,200), aircraft (10,200), shipbuilding (6,900), and engines (4,600). Other industries showing large employment gains were meat packing (8,400); cotton goods (7,000); beverages (6,000); automobiles (5,600); radios and phonographs (4,500); furniture (4,300); baking (4,100); cars, electric- and steamrailroad (3,700); brick, tile, and terra cotta (3,500); and woolen and worsted goods (4,600). Decreases, for the most part seasonal, were reported for fertilizers (9,600), women's clothing (8,500), and shoes (6,000). In wholesale trade, employment showed a small seasonal decrease of 0.2 percent and pay rolls a seasonal gain of 1.5 percent. Seasonal decreases in employment were shown for farm products (30.9 percent), farm supplies (5.4 percent), and assemblers and country buyers (9.1 percent). Among the wholesale lines showing substantial employment gains were automotive (2.4 percent); general merchandise (1.9 percent); iron and steel scrap (3.2 percent); machinery, equipment, and supplies (1.7 percent); and metals and minerals (2.6 percent). Employment in retail-trade establishments fell 1.8 percent, principally because of the release of large numbers of temporary workers employed in mid-April to handle Easter sales. Despite this decline, retail employment was 5.3 percent above that of May a year ago, and pay rolls were 9.7 percent higher. In the general merchandising and apparel groups under retail trade, employment was reduced 5.2 percent and 9.1 percent, respectively, between April and May. The resumption of operations in May following the sharp curtailment in April during wage negotiations accounted for the increase of 282 percent in employment and 528 percent in weekly pay rolls in bituminous-coal mines. Increased demand for metals in the manufacture of defense equipment resulted in an employment increase in metal mining of 1.5 percent. Quarrying employment showed a largerthan-seasonal gain of 6.4 percent, and each of the three public-utility industries surveyed showed larger-than-seasonal employment gains ranging from 1.0 percent to 1.7 percent. Laundry and dyeing and cleaning establishments increased their working forces by about 3 percent and year-round hotels by 1.6 percent. Employment in private building construction showed a smallerthan-seasonal gain of 5.4 percent from April to May following the sharp rises of recent months. The level of employment in this industry in the current month was 24.0 percent higher than May of last year. Gains were shown in each of the nine geographic divisions ranging from 11.9 percent in the Mountain States to 2.2 percent in the West South Central States. General building contractors as a group increased employment 4.6 percent, and the special-trades group increased employment 6.1 percent. Of the 15 special building trades surveyed, the 13 which reported increased employment were: Plastering and lathing (20.8 percent), painting and decorating (15.5 percent), building insulation (12.0 percent), tile and terrazzo contracting (7.0 percent), carpentering (6.1 percent), brick and stone masonry (5.8 percent), structural-steel erection (5.4 percent), plumbing and heating (4.5 percent), electrical contracting (4.4 percent), roofing and sheet metal (4.2 percent), elevator installation and repairing (3.4 percent), excavating (1.0 percent), and ornamental-iron contracting (0.8 percent). A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for class I steam railroads showed an employment gain of 4.1 percent between April and May. The total number employed in May was 1,124,719. The corresponding pay-roll figure for May was not available when this report was prepared. For April this was $174,338,424, a decrease of $2,200,162 since March. This decrease was due to the fact that April operations covered only 30 days, whereas the March pay roll covered 31 days. Hours and earnings.—Hourly and weekly earnings of wage earners in manufacturing industries in May registered a sharp advance. The rise in earnings to new high levels in May resulted from widespread wage increases and extension of overtime operations in many industries. During the past 2 months general wage-rate increases affecting nearly 1,500,000 workers have been reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Thirty-seven of the forty-three durable-goods industries regularly tabulated reported operations in excess of 40 hours per week per wage earner. The machine-tool and machine-tool-accessories industries maintained operations above 50 hours per week per wage earner in May, with hours of 52.3 and 52.4, respectively. Other important defense industries operated at the following levels during May: Screwmachine products, 48.3 hours; engines, turbines, etc., 47.2 hours; foundry and machine-shop products, 45.4 hours; aircraft, 45.2 hours; brass, bronze, and copper products, 44.5 hours; shipbuilding, 44.0 hours; aluminum, 42.6 hours; ammunition, 42.5 hours; explosives, 42.2 hours; optical goods, 40.9 hours; and smelting and refining— copper, lead, and zinc—39.3 hours. Average hourly earnings in manufacturing industries rose to 72.6 cents, representing a gain of 2.5 percent over April and 9.1 percent over May 1940. Eighty-one of the ninety manufacturing industries reported an increase in hourly earnings since April and all ninety industries showed a rise over the year interval. Average hours worked per wage earner increased from 39.9 in April to 40.8 in May. The increase in hours amounted to 2.1 percent over the month and 9.7 percent over the year. Weekly earnings of full-time and part-time workers averaged $30.69, a rise of 5.0 percent since April and 21.0 percent over May 1940. Wage-rate increases from April 15 to May 15 averaging 8.9 percent for more than 700,000 wage earners were reported by 1,926 manufacturing plants out of a reporting sample of 33,791 plants employing 7,105,000 wage earners. Industries in which the reported wage increases affected substantial numbers of workers were electrical machinery (90,182); woolen and worsted goods (87,845); slaughtering and meat packing (52,656); blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills (44,576); foundry and machine-shop products (33,198); agricultural implements (31,750); sawmills (29,468); chemicals (20,540); engines, turbines, etc. (18,747); paper and pulp (12,564); brick, tile, and terra cotta (12,015); smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc (11,386); and brass, bronze, and copper products (10,453). As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing industries. Resumption of operations in bituminous-coal mines in May resulted in a substantial recovery in average hours worked in, that industry. The new wage scale agreed upon affected a major portion of the 400,000 wage earners employed in this industry. As compared with May 1940, weekly earnings in the bituminous-coal industry showed an increase of 17.9 percent, while average hours advanced 13.8 percent, and hourly earnings rose 9.0 percent. Anthracite mining reported a recovery in hours worked, but the level of hours was still 18.0 percent below that of a year ago. Average weekly earnings in anthracite mining were 11.0 percent below a year ago. Quarrying and nonmetallic mining showed an increase in weekly earnings of 7.1 percent from April to May and 14.6 percent over May 1940. Wholesale-trade establishments reported an average increase of 5.3 percent in weekly earnings over the year. In retail trade weekly earnings showed an increase of 4.3 percent during this same interval. Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings for May 1941 are given in table 1 for all manufacturing industries combined and selected nonmanufacturing industries, for water transportation, and for class I railroads. Percentage changes over the month and year intervals are also given. TABLE 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1941 Industry Index May 1941 Percentage change from— April 1941 All manufacturing combined 1.. industries Class I steam railroads 2 .. Coal mining: 4 Anthracite _. Bituminous* Metalliferous mining 5 . _ __. Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum production.. .. Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph6 «_. Electric light and power _-_ Street railways and busses 6 8_ Trade: Wholesale 9 , Retail« 4 10 Hotels (year-round) _ Laundries 4_ Dyeing and cleaning 4 . Brokerage, Insurance Building construction,-Water transportation n . (1923-25 = 100) 124.8 110.2 May 1940 +1.8 +21.8 +4.1 +11.1 (1929= 100) -.3 48.6 89.9 +282.0 78.3 +1.5 51.3 60.4 84.6 92.3 68.9 92.3 96.0 96.8 108.4 120.7 (33) (3) () 81.3 Average weekly earnings Pay rolls Employment -6.2 +5.6 +13.2 +6.4 +9.4 +.6 -4.5 +1.7 +9.5 +1.1 +1.9 +1.0 +.8 -.2 +3.8 +5.3 -1.8 +1.6 +3.6 +3.4 +9.4 +3.0 +11.0 - . 6 -14.7 +.2 +1.5 +5.4 +24.0 c +1.5 Index May 1941 (1923-25 = 100) 144.0 (3) (1929= 100) Percentage change from— April 1941 May 1940 +6.9 +47.2 3 () 33.4 +37.1 99.2 +528.4 81.8 +4.1 53.6 +14.0 59.6 +3.2 109.2 110.3 73.0 84.6 91.5 88.4 98.9 95.6 (33) (3) (3) () +2.0 +2.5 +1.3 +1.5 -.2 +1.5 +3.2 -2.2 -.5 +.3 +8.0 (3) (3) -16.5 +31.8 +24.6 +25.3 +1.5 +10.5 +5.8 +5.4 +9.4 +9.7 +6.6 +11.7 +12.0 -14.2 +2.3 +33.6 (3) Percentage Aver- change from— age in M a y 1941 April May 1941 $30.69 +5.0 +21.0 (3) (3) +37.5 +64.5 +2.6 +7.1 +2.6 +.2 +1.4 +.3 +1.6 +1.6 -11.0 +17.9 +10.0 3 () 22.59 29.63 32.91 26.10 36.22 7 31.63 7 36. 46 ' 34. 49 i 31.88 7 21.92 7 15.86 18.95 21.77 7 38. 57 7 37. 34 34.87 (3) 1940 -.2 -5.1 +.1 0 +2.5 (3) +14.6 +6.3 +.9 +3.8 +4.5 +5.3 +4.3 +2.9 +2.2 +.8 +.6 +.8 +7.7 (3) 1 Indexes adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. See table 9 in December 1940 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable series back to January 1919. 2 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission. 34 Not available. Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. See also table 7 of October 1940 pamphlet for revised figures for anthracite mining February to September 1940 inclusive. 5 See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised figures January 1938 to January 1941. 6 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable with indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940. Revised series available upon request. 7 Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS dated earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. 8 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies. 8 Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS February 1935 and. subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. I° Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. 11 Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission. 403970—41 2 Public Employment Employment on construction projects financed from appropriations to regular Federal agencies declined 81,000 in the month ending May 15. On defense construction curtailment of employment on troop cantonments was partially offset by sizable gains on ship construction, airports, and residential building construction. The number of persons employed on all defense projects during the month totaled 609,000. Nondefense projects, with a large seasonal gain on Federal-aid roads, furnished employment to 200,000 men, an increase of 14,000 from the preceding month. Wage payments of $107,644,000 to the 809,000 men employed on defense and nondefense projects were $8,266,000 less than in April. Contractors on low-rent projects of the United States Housing Authority increased employment by 2,600 in the month ending May 15. There was a decrease of approximately 1,400 in the number of workers employed on defense housing while 4,000 were added to pay rolls on nondefense housing. Wage payments of $4,506,000 to the 42,000 workers employed on all projects were $613,000 more than in the month ending April 15. Employment on construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration showed a decrease of about 800 during the month ending May 15. The 10,200 men employed were paid $1,220,000. Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation furnished employment to an additional 850 workers in the month ending May 15. The increase on defense projects amounted to 725 and on nondefense projects to 125. Wage payments to the 9,250 men at work on both types of work totaled $1,262,000. Further curtailment of employment on work-relief projects operated by the Work Projects Administration was reported in May. Employment on all projects under this program totaled 1,447,000, a decrease of 119,000 from April. Approximately 414,000 persons were at work on defense projects and 1,033,000 on nondefense projects. Total pay-rolls were $86,527,000. The number of persons at work on Federal agency projects financed by the Work Projects Administration declined 4,000 in May. Wage payments to the 54,000 persons employed amounted to $2,711,000. The National Youth Administration reported decreases on both the student-work program and the out-of-school work program. Employment on the student program in May totaled 464,000 and on the out-of-school program 399,000. Wage payments on the former were $3,400,000 and on the latter, $8,209,000. Employment in camps of the Civilian Conservation Corps showed a decline of 5,000 in May. Of the 261,400 persons on the pay-roll, 226,000 were enrollees; 1,500, educational advisers; 100, nurses; and 33,800, supervisory and technical employees. Pay-roll disbursements of $12,243,000 were $96,000 less than in April. In the regular services of the Federal Government sizable increases were again reported in the executive and military branches and slight increases in the legislative and judicial branches. Of the 1,306,000 employees in the executive service, 177,000 were working in the District of Columbia and 1,129,000 outside the District. Forceaccount employees (employees on the pay roll of the United States Government who are engaged on construction projects, and whose period of employment terminates as the project is completed) were 11 percent of the total number of employees in the executive service. Employment in the War Department increased almost 35,000 in May and the Navy Department showed a gain of 10,000. Increased employment was also reported in the Post Office Department, the Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Employment on State-financed road projects showed a seasonal gain of 29,000 in May. Of the 174,000 on the pay roll, 55,000 were engaged in the construction of new roads and 119,000 on maintenance. Pay-roll disbursements of $14,671,000 were $2,859,000 more than in April. A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds is given in table 2. TABLE 2.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in Regular Federal Services and on Projects Financed Wholly or Partially from Federal Funds, May 1941 [Preliminary figures] Pay rolls Employment Class May 1941 April 1941 Federal Services: Executive *_ 1,306,333 1,251,283 2,505 Judicial 2,517 6,015 Legislative.. 6,055 Military 1,662, 428 21,545,689 Construction projects: Financed by regular Federal'appropriations _. 809,402 890,050 Defense-Other U. S. H. A. low-rent housing Defense-. Other Financed by P. W. A.3. Financed by R. F. C. 4 .. Percentage change +4.4 +.5 +.7 +7.6 May 1941 April 1941 Percentage change +4.8 +.3 +1.0 +3.5 $198,382, 389 $189, 213,464 642, 704 641,009 1,333, 550 1,320,148 96,262, 203 2 93,000,983 -9.1 107,643, 982 115,909, 892 -7.1 -13. 5 -22. 4 +12.2 -7.2 +10.2 86,148,474 21, 495, 508 4, 505, 728 534,147 3,971, 581 1, 219, 777 1, 261, 547 97,822, 631 18,087, 261 3,892,911 603,642 3, 289,269 1, 338, 312 1,135,134 -11.9 +18.8 +15. 7 -11.5 +20.7 -8.9 +11.1 6,127 2,276 +11.8 +5.7 980, 240 281, 307 861, 486 273, 648 57,827 608,976 200,426 41, 576 4,837 36, 739 10, 209 9,258 703, 802 186, 248 38, 970 6,230 32, 740 10,997 8,403 6,852 2,406 54,174 +7.6 +6.7 -6.3 2, 711, 234 2, 696,470 +13.8 +2.8 +.5 22, 600 27, 256 31, 574 30,571 1,446,994 1, 566,325 -17.1 1,191,626 1, 519, 608 86, 527, 291 1, 273,492 1, 422, 978 92, 325,962 -6.4 +6.8 -6.3 414,187 426, 400 Defense-. Other-__ 1,032, 807 1,139,925 National Youth Administration: Student work program .. 463, 978 480, 419 Out-of-school work program _ 425,302 399,480 Civilian Conservation Corps-. 266,645 261,357 -2.9 -9.4 (5) (5) -3.4 -6.1 -2.0 3,400, 476 8,208, 793 12, 242, 700 Defense „ . Other-.-. Federal agency projects financed by Work Projects Administration-. ._ Defense.. Other Projects operated by W. P. A. +3.3 -7.6 (5) (5) 3, 369.480 8,486,681 12, 339,002 - +.9 -3.3 -.8 1 Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to t h e extent of 177,904 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $26,841,076 for May 1941, and 176,999 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $26,447,715 for April 1941. 2 Revised. 3 Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936, 1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed by the Work Projects Administration. Includes 3,354 wage earners and $374,798 pay roll for May 1941; 3,198 wage earners and $402,329 pay roll for April 1941, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 6,619 wage earners and $822,184 pay roll for May 1941 financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation act of 1938. 4 Includes 348 employees and pay roll disbursements of $70,313 for May 1941; 434 employees and pay roll disbursements of $67,835 for April 1941 on projects financed by the R F C Mortgage Co. 5 Pay-roll data not available. DETAILED TABLES FOR MAY 1941 Estimates of Nonagricultural Employment THE estimates of "Total civil nonagricultural employment," given on the first line of table 3, represent the total number of persons engaged in gainful work in the United States in nonagricultural industries, excluding military and naval personnel, persons employed on W. P. A. or N. Y. A. projects, and enrollees in C. C. C. camps. The series described as "Employees in nonagricultural establishments'' also excludes proprietors and firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and persons in domestic service. The estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" are shown separately for 9 each of seven major industry groups. Tables giving figures for each group, by months, for the period from January 1929 to date are available on request. The figures represent the number of persons working at any time during the week ending nearest the middle of each month. The totals for the United States have been adjusted to conform to the figures shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations for the number of nonagricultural " gainful workers" less the number shown to have been unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. Separate estimates for " employees in nonagricultural establishments" are shown in table 4 for each of the 48 States and the District of Columbia for April and May 1941 and May 1940. Tables showing monthly figures for each State from January 1938 to date are available on request. Because the State figures do not include employees on merchant vessels, and because of certain adjustments in the United States estimates which have not been made on a State basis, the total of the State estimates will not agree exactly with the figures for the United States as a whole. These estimates are based in large part on industrial censuses and on regular reports of employers to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and to other Government agencies, such as the Interstate Commerce Commission. Data derived from employers7 quarterly reports in connection with "old age and survivors' insurance/' and employers' monthly reports in connection with unemployment compensation have been used extensively as a check on estimates derived from other sources, and in some industries they have provided the most reliable information available. TABLE 3.—Estimates of Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups [In thousands] Industry May 1941 (preliminary) April 1941 Change, April to May 1941 May 1940 Change, May 1940 to May 1941 Total civil nonagricultural employment i.. 38, 283 37, 676 +607 35,163 +3,120 Employees in nonagricultural establishments 1 2_ ._ Manufacturing 3__ Mining. _ _. Construction. . . _ ___ Transportation and public utilities. Trade Finance, service, and miscellaneous Federal, State and local Government: Civil employees Military and naval forces 4_. 32.140 11, 537 875 1,748 3,184 6,419 4,325 31, 533 11,370 564 1,775 3,113 6,463 4, 265 +607 +167 +311 -27 +71 -44 +60 29, 020 9,776 845 1,249 3,000 6,197 4,202 +3,120 +1, 761 +30 +499 +184 +222 +123 4,052 1,662 3,983 1,546 +69 +116 3,751 464 +301 +1,198 1 Excludes military and naval forces as well as employees on W. P. A. and N. Y. A. projects, and enrolees in C. C. C. camps. Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants. Includes allowance for adjustment of factory wage-earner totals to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. (Revised series available on request.) 2 Excludes all of the groups omitted from "total civil nonagricultural employment" as well as proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants. 34 Adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. Not included in total shown above. Includes members of the National Guard inducted into the Federa service by act of Congress. 10 TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural by States Establishments, [Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels] [Numbers in thousands] Geographic divisions and States May 1941 (preliminary) Change April to M a y 1941 Change M a y 1940 to M a y 1941 April 1941 May 1940 Number Percent- Number Percentage New England~. Maine New Hampshire.. Vermont Massachusetts.. Khode Island. , Connecticut- 2,844 204 142 77 1,481 267 673 2,789 197 138 74 1,457 264 659 +55 +7 +4 +3 +24 +3 +14 +1.9 +3.4 +2.5 +4.1 +1.7 +.8 +2.0 2,422 184 124 72 1, 265 218 559 +422 +20 +18 +216 +49 +114 +5 +17.4 +11.0 +14.4 +7.3 +17.0 +22.1 +20.4 Middle Atlantic—., N e w York New Jersey... Pennsylvania.. 8,251 4,069 1,270 2,912 8,043 4,029 1, 250 2,764 +208 +40 +20 +148 +2.6 +1.0 +1.6 +5.4 7,562 3,838 1,116 2,608 +689 +231 +154 +304 +9.1 +6.0 +13.8 +11.6 East Worth CentralOhio ... Indiana Illinois Michigan.. Wisconsin. 7,573 1,982 903 2,456 1,540 7,410 1,937 872 2, 394 1,527 680 +163 +45 +31 +62 +13 +12 +2.2 +2.3 +3.6 +2.6 +.8 +1.7 6,640 1,724 749 2,201 1, 348 618 +933 +258 +154 +255 +192 +74 +14.0 +15.0 +20.5 +11.6 +14.2 +12.0 West North Central Minnesota.. Iowa Missouri North Dakota South D a k o t a Nebraska Kansas.. 2,491 553 421 834 77 83 207 316 2,443 539 409 823 75 81 200 316 +48 +14 +12 +11 +2 +2 + +2.0 +2.6 +2.9 +1.3 +2.9 +2.8 +3.8 +.1 2,316 516 396 760 74 81 198 291 +175 +37 +25 +74 +3 +2 +9 +25 +7.6 +7.2 +6.3 +9.8 +3.7 +3.2 +4.6 +8.5 South Atlantic. Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia N o r t h Carolina.. South Carolina Georgia Florida 3,864 78 593 397 574 392 627 310 520 373 3,796 +68 +4 +10 +5 +28 +91 +1.8 +5.0 +1.8 +1.3 +5.2 +29.9 3,378 70 491 334 478 366 564 273 465 337 +486 +8 +102 +63 +96 +26 +63 +37 +55 +36 +14.4 +12.3 +20.7 +19.1 +20.1 +7.0 +11.1 +13.8 +11.9 +10.7 East South Central Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi 1,454 382 474 405 193 1,409 350 479 388 192 1,318 354 432 354 178 +136 +28 +42 +51 +15 +10.3 +7.9 +9.8 +14.5 +8.2 West South Central Arkansas.. Louisiana Oklahoma Texas. 1,947 188 386 297 1,076 1,974 183 399 295 1,097 +150 +16 +29 +12 +93 +8.3 +9.5 +7.9 +4.3 +9.4 800 114 87 54 231 72 94 113 35 +4.6 2,605 457 264 1,884 Mountain Montana. Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah.... Nevada.. _... Pacific Washington.. Oregon California.. 74 583 392 546 301 658 325 524 l -31 -15 -4 -20 -4.7 -4.3 -.8 -5.1 +45 +32 +3.2 +9.1 -5 Q +17 +1 +4 5 +.4 -27 -1.4 +3.0 -13 -3.5 -21 -2.0 1,797 172 357 285 983 778 111 85 53 221 70 94 110 34 +22 +3 +2 +1 +10 +2 758 110 83 51 214 72 89 106 33 +42 +4 +4 +3 +17 0 +3 +1 +2.7 +2.2 +1.9 +1.8 +4.S +2.7 +.1 +2.7 +1.8 +5 +7 +2 +5.8 +7.9 +.5 +5.9 +6.1 +4.9 2,589 458 253 1,878 +•16 +.7 2,350 411 234 1,705 +255 +46 +30 +179 +10.9 +11.3 +12.9 +10.5 +5 +2 0 +11 +6 +.7 —- 3 +4 7 +.3 +5.4 +3.1 11 Industrial and Business Employment Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for 157 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; water transportation; and class I steam railroads. The reports for the first 2 of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The figures on water transportation are based on estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission and those on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. They are presented in the foregoing summary. The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls relate to wage earners only. Those shown in tables 5 and 6 are based on the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100. For all manufacturing industries combined, the durable-goods group, the nondurable-goods group, and aluminum manufactures, they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures and for automobiles to the 1933 census. The indexes for all other groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census data except for the aircraft industry and the transportation equipment group which have been adjusted on the basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in August 1940. The over-all manufacturing indexes are computed from reports supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 90 of the 157 industries surveyed. These reports cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries covered. Indexes for 55 of the 67 manufacturing industries recently added to the monthly survey are shown in table 8. These indexes are based on 1939 as 100. The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the 12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning, cover wage earners only, but the figures for public utilities, trade, and hotels, relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. For crude petroleum production they cover wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from approximately 25 percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing and cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for quarrying and nonmetallic mining, anthracite mining, and public utilities. The indexes for retail trade have been adjusted to conform in general with the 1935 Census of Retail Distribution and are weighted by lines of trade. For the public utilities they have been adjusted to the 1937 Census of Electrical Industries, for wholesale trade to the 1933 census, 12 and for coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning to the 1935 censuses. Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are based on reports of the number of employees and the amount of pay rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The average weekly earnings shown in tables 5 and 6 are computed by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As not all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on data furnished by a slightly smaller number of reporting firms. As the size and composition of the reporting sample vary somewhat from month to month, the average hours per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the general movement of earnings and hours over the period shown. The changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from May 1940 are computed from chain indexes based on the month-to-month percentage changes. EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE HOURS, AND AVERAGE EARNINGS The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in May 1941 are shown in table 5. Percentage changes from April 1941 and May 1940 are also given. The employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for March, April, and May 1941, where available, are presented in table 6. The March and April figures, where given, may differ in some instance from those previously published because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late reports. Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 7 for 55 of the 67 newly added manufacturing industries for the months of March, April, and May 1941. These indexes are based on 1939 as 100 and are available in mimeographed form for the period from January 1939 to January 1941, inclusive. In table 8 indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from May 1940 to May 1941, inclu- EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 1923- 25 = 100 200 200 180 180 160 160 140 140 120 A* A 100 80 r 1 W 60 E MPLOyMEN r — — j 1 20 1919 1920 1921 1922 n / 7 Kit bo ROLLS - + \- H — — — - -\ — r - 40 1. 1 \^ \ v V 120 100 80 60 I h - — —_ 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 40 1939 1940 1941 1942 20 14 sive. The indexes for all manufacturing industries combined, the durable-goods group, and the nondurable-goods group have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. Comparable indexes for all available months and years back to January 1919 are given in tables 9, 10, and 11 of the December 1940 issue of this pamphlet. The chart on page 13 indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to May 1941. Use of average hourly earnings in "escalator" clauses.—Average hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in table 6, have been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1932. These averages are published for the use of those who wish either to compare the average earnings of wage earners in different industries, or to study the changes in average earnings over a period of time. Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated. The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group may change from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By reason of changes in the wages paid or (2) by reason of changes in the composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners employed in a high-wage industry increases proportionally more than employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage earners in the group. The averages contained in table 6 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods, and for the various subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products," reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work in each respective period. To an increasing extent, use is being made of these average hourly earnings figures in so-called "escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly earnings in the durable-goods industries. It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with a certain degree of caution. The purpose for which they were compiled limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of change in labor rates. In these months the averages show a seasonal movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly earnings figure in the durable-goods industries dropped from 73.2 cents in June to 72.7 cents in July. This drop was due not to a general decline in wages in this period but almost entirely to the fact that employment in the automobile industry declined sharply as the result of model changes. This industry is a high-wage industry in which the average hourly earnings are about 95 cents an hour. Between June and July employment in the automobile industry dropped from 104.9 to 82.3. This relative decline, of a purely seasonable character, in the number of highly paid automobile workers was veiy largely responsible for the decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in durable-goods industries. By way of illustration of the problem involved it would be possible to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries the same weights in July and August that they had in June and considering only the influence of changes in average earnings in each industry, we find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the published figures from July to August. This means that from June to August, the currently published figures show a slight decline over this 3-month interval whereas the series computed with constant weights shows a small gain. It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type of average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the contracts already drawn; least of all can the method of compiling an average be changed. It is obvious, however, that in incorporating any statistical series in legal documents careful consideration should be given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied, these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the one hand a careful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in mind. TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1941 MANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures" they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Employment Industry Index May 1941 Percentage change from— April 1941 All manufacturing 2 Durable goods 2 Nondurable goods 124.8 2 131.2 118.7 +1.8 +2.7 +.8 Average wee kly earnings t Pay rolls Percentage change May 1941 from— April 1941 May 1940 +21.8 144.0 +32.3 12.4 163.0 122.7 +30.4 +28.7 +52.2 +24.4 180.9 172.5 233.7 110.3 +15.6 +53.0 +21.7 +24.8 +39.3 134.3 152.3 141.5 104.8 265.0 +31.9 +24.5 +43.9 +29.2 128.6 119.3 113.8 151.6 +47.3 +31.0 171.7 273.0 Average hours worked per week Percentage Percentage change May 1941 May 1940 from— April 1941 +6.9 +8.7 +4.2 +47.2 $39. 69 +65.1 +26.8 35.51 24.47 +6.6 +5.1 +10.2 +5.8 +7.6 +8.5 +4.2 +6.5 +9.3 +10.1 +7.9 +65.5 +67.2 +112. 7 +65.2 35.74 39.05 34.92 27.93 +46.0 +107. 3 +38.8 +40.7 +63.5 29.67 39.62 29.89 29.62 28.51 +10.1 +19.1 +72.6 +42.2 +84.6 +50.3 34. 63 29.66 36.13 27.65 +3.7 +12.4 +90.4 +60. 8 32.01 31.37 May 1941 May change from—• 40.8 +24.8 +12.8 42.5 38.9 +3.9 +26.9 +2.8 +30.0 +5.9 +39.8 +3.8 +32.8 +5.9 +26.4 +5.7 +35.6 +4.1 +14.0 +5.2 +12.8 +5.3 +17.3 +8.8 +30.8 +3.9 +14.2 +6.7 +28.3 +5.7 +16.4 +2.0 +29.3 +10.5 +22,8 Percentage Index May cha nge from— 1941 April 1941 1940 +21.0 +5.0 +5.8 +3.5 Average hourly earnings l May 1940 +2.1 +2.5 +1.5 +9.7 +11.5 +7.1 41.5 40.4 45.1 41.7 +1.7 +1.7 +.8 43.2 46.0 42.3 40.5 40.5 44.0 41.2 44.0 42.3 +2.4 +2.2 +2.2 +2.9 +.3 +.8 +1.8 +1.6 +3.2 46.1 42.7 +6.3 +13.0 +13.6 +24.4 +19.4 +10.6 +19 4 +11.3 +5.4 +6.8 +16.9 +6.0 +16. 3 +9.0 +16.0 +13.8 April 1941 Cents 72.6 80.6 64.1 May 1940 +2.5 +2.8 +1.8 +9.1 +11.1 +4.9 +2.0 +1.1 +5.1 +4.2 +3.1 +3.4 +1.9 +2.3 +5.0 +6.1 +2.2 +5.1 +2.4 +2.7 +3.9 +12.3 +14.6 +12.4 +11.2 +14.1 +13.7 +2.5 +6.9 +9.9 +12.0 +6.5 +10.7 +6.8 +11.5 +7.8 Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills _. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets-. Cast-iron pipe Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools Forgings, iron and steel 3__ Hardware Plumbers' supplies4 Stamped and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings-. . .__. Stoves Structural and ornamental metalwork-. Tin cans and other tinware 5 Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws). Wire work 3.. 132.9 140.4 161.1 94.4 118.5 102.1 116.7 102.1 218.0 112.1 113.4 102.3 123.4 135.5 211.1 +2.7 +2.2 +4.1 +1.9 +1.7 +2.7 +.1 +1.2 +3.8 +3.0 +3.9 +3.2 +12.7 +1.8 +1.8 -.2 -.7 85.9 96.8 77.5 66.6 69.6 86.4 70.7 73.1 70.2 78.8 72.1 82.5 65.5 70.0 72.9 Machinery, not including transportation equipment. Agricultural implements (including tractors).. Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines Electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppliesEngines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills 7 Foundry and machine-shop products.. Machine tools Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and partsTypewriters and parts.. Transportation equipment 5 8 Aircraft8 Automobiles 9 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.. Locomotives . Shipbuilding. 162.0 170.7 151.3 154.0 271.6 134. 0 325.6 173.7 101.3 143.5 171.3 6, 293. 8 133.8 79.5 65.1 307.1 Fonferrous metals and their products.. Aluminum manufactures 10 Brass, bronze, and copper products Clocks and watches and time-recording devices. Jewelry Lighting equipment Silverware and plated ware Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.- 139.9 233.5 184.4 115.9 104.4 112.0 82.9 102. 5 lumber and allied products.. Furniture _. Lumber: Mill work.. Sawmills. . 74.8 100.1 Stone, clay, and glass products -._ ._ Brick, tile, and terra cotta.. CementGlass -Marble, granite, slate, and other products.. ._ Pottery-. See footnotes at end of table- 95.6 72.7 78.0 124.0 46.3 112.5 70.0 65.8 +3.7 +1.4 6 +() +4.5 +5.6 +3.1 +2.8 +9.6 +2.4 +3.8 +2.9 +6.2 +1.1 +8.0 +9.1 +4.3 +.7 +1.1 +1.0 +1.4 6 +- 1(.)1 +1.7 +1.1 +1.4 +2.5 +.5 +.9 +2.8 +5.0 +5.1 +1.8 +2.2 -.5 +42.2 +22.3 +17. 3 +51 2 217.1 +82.3 +38.8 +47.3 +27.2 +23. 2 +28.9 452.0 165.0 505.3 191.5 124.3 189.6 229.0 196.0 215.3 +46.8 216.8 +135. 2 7, 700. 9 171.1 +21.9 84.2 +42.7 79.9 +131.2 430. 2 +94.1 +32.9 +29. 6 +48.9 +29. 2 +17.8 +33.1 +17.7 +19.8 166.3 322.0 245. 4 143. 4 97.7 110.4 90.8 111.4 +10.0 +14.7 78.0 102.5 +15.4 +6.2 62.4 66.0 +16.6 +19.3 +10.3 +18.8 -5.7 +24.2 97.8 69.0 85.2 150.3 38.7 113.6 +9.9 +77.5 +39.7 37.16 36.88 +5.9 +2.6 +12.0 +21.4 +8.2 +7.0 +16. 9 +10.8 +8.7 +13.3 +7.9 +16.2 +14.8 +11.6 +9.6 +5.9 +10.9 +5. 0 +7.4 +4.3 +4.3 +10.7 +3.6 +3.0 +7.7 +5.1 +46.8 +88.3 40.28 36.68 +133. 3 +74.5 +74.4 +50.9 +61.4 +66.4 44.01 36.21 42.98 27.02 33. 72 32.40 +83.0 +196. 0 +54.1 +68.8 +197. 4 +138. 4 39.89 35.80 41.70 33.71 37. 58 41.09 +60.5 +53.1 +82.8 +52. 5 +34.5 +52.5 +48.1 +32.1 33.14 34.36 37.10 27.36 25.08 30.39 31.64 30.84 +23.2 +37.1 22.56 24.29 +30.4 +13.3 24.29 20.75 +2.6 +7.1 +15.0 +4.9 +4.1 +6.6 +8.2 +4.8 +10.1 +1.7 +14.9 +6.3 +2.3 +5.1 +5.2 +9.7 +4.0 +5.9 +4.2 +5.5 +8.8 +2.5 +1.7 +5.0 +4.6 +31.1 +40.2 +23. 2 +34.2 27.64 24.49 30.71 29.53 29.38 25. 58 -.3 -.6 +7.4 +10.6 +12.9 +4.7 +11.7 +2.2 -.3 +34.9 -1.6 +24.8 +14.2 +25.2 +24.6 +28.0 +25.6 +18.5 +18.7 +31.1 +31.1 +24.7 +19.6 +26.3 +18.3 +28. 5 +22.9 +20.8 +18.2 +24.4 +18.1 +14.2 +14.5 +25.9 +10.2 45.4 41.8 +2.0 45.9 44.4 +1.4 +.8 +9.3 +2.2 +2.0 +3.9 +3.6 +3.4 +6.9 47.2 45.4 52.3 41.0 46.4 45.3 42.4 45.2 41.2 41.0 44.4 44.0 42.8 42.5 44.5 42.2 40.9 41.3 45.1 39.3 +12.0 +19.6 40.1 41.8 -1.3 +12.9 +6.8 42.2 38.6 +4.4 +5.3 +7.4 +2.9 +9.3 +2.7 + 12.4 +17.5 +11.7 +13.1 +5.7 +8.6 33.5 38.4 40.6 37.8 39.5 38. 1 -3.4 +.1 +11.4 +3.1 -2.7 +2.8 +2.0 +2.1 +1.8 +2.6 +1.6 +3.5 +4.6 +.5 +12.4 +4.3 +16.4 +11.6 +9.3 +14.4 +9.5 +7.5 +17.3 +19.3 +16.4 +9.3 +16. 8 +8.5 +18.7 +12.3 +10.0 81.8 88.6 88.8 82.9 93.5 80.1 82.4 66.1 72.8 71.6 94.5 79.5 101.4 82.3 84.6 92.6 77.0 80.8 83.4 64.8 60.7 73.2 70.8 78.1 +2.5 +2.8 +6.0 +13.0 +9.2 +10.0 +7.4 +16.8 +.5 +3.8 +9.7 +5.3 -2.6 _(6) 57.5 53.7 + 1.3 +3.6 +3.9 +3.9 +6.5 +2.0 +1.9 71.0 63.7 75.7 76.9 75.4 67.0 -.3 +.1 +1.2 +1.1 +6.4 4-1.4 55.6 58.4 +3.8 +1.7 +1.3 +6.3 +5.3 +2.8 +2.1 +2.7 +4.4 +1.3 +2.5 +.9 +3.2 +3.1 +5.2 +2 2 +2.9 +7.5 +2.2 +3.1 +2.1 +2.0 +4.2 +1.9 +1.9 +2.9 +1.9 +1.3 +2.3 +5.4 +6.2 — 1 +2.'5 +1.0 +11.0 +9.6 +8.4 +11.3 +17.0 +9.8 +8.1 +10.5 +11.7 +9.9 +6.5 +8.6 +8.2 +8.3 +8.3 +8.8 + 10.1 +11.5 +10.3 +8.5 +4.6 +6.7 +8.6 +9.7 +7.7 +9.5 +7.4 +6.8 +7.1 +16.7 +7.4 +4.0 +3.2 +7.9 TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonrnanufacturing Industries, May 1941—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued Industry Index May 1941 Percentage change from— April 1941 May 1940 Average weekly earnings i Pay rolls Employment Index May 1941 Percentage change from— April 1941 May 1941 May 1940 Percentage change from— Average hours worked per week l May Percentage change from— 1941 April 1941 May 1940 April 1941 May 1940 Nondurable goods Textiles and their products.. Fabrics Carpets and rugs,. Cotton goods... Cotton small wares Dyeing and finishing textiles. . Hats, fur-felt. Hosiery _._ Knitted outerwear.. Knitted underwearKnitted cloth 3.. _ Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods-. Wearing apparel 3 5 Clothing, men's Clothing, women's 3- Corsets and allied garments.. Men's furnishings.. MillineryShirts and collars. Xeather and its manufactures.. Boots and shoes.. Leather- 112.4 105.1 89.2 106.3 102.6 141.2 79.9 143.0 76.5 82.3 154.7 68.5 106.9 124. 0 118.8 165.2 118.1 121.8 75. 7 131.1 95.5 93.0 89.6 110.3 109.2 89.6 116. 9 114.1 133.9 74.8 158.1 71.5 84.6 149.2 62.4 113.3 105. 7 101.2 131.3 138.6 129.9 51.0 129.8 +3.1 +4.9 +9.9 +3.2 +6.3 -.6 +11.7 +1 9 +12.0 +.7 +12.4 +3.8 +11.6 +.8 +17.1 +20.8 +17.8 +19.8 +35.0 + 15.2 +20.8 +6.9 +24.2 + 11.8 +21.5 + 10.3 +48. 9 +10.5 +25. 0 +1.6 +3.2 +5.9 +1.4 +8.2 +2^9 -.7 +3.1 +4.8 -32.4 +2.8 +41.6 +47.8 +49.6 +49.8 +67.3 +35.4 +62.4 +18.4 +43. 3 +30.4 +44.1 +23.4 +88.1 +30.5 +56.8 +16.8 +17.3 +34. 9 -5.7 +28.2 -2.6 -2.8 -.4 +10.0 +9.9 + 11.2 86.7 97.6 91.0 -1.4 -2.7 +2. 6 +43.1 +49.3 +27.2 +9.3 +1.4 +2.5 +1.5 +1.7 -1.5 -1.0 +.7 +7.1 -.3 +9.3 +.1 +2.5 -1.7 +.8 +0) -3.9 -.5 -13.8 c S20.12 +2.7 +3.5 20.08 27. 78 +7.2 +1.6 17.83 +4.5 21.70 +.9 23.08 25.77 +12.8 19. 64 +1-1 +4.6 19.33 17. 21 +1.1 +2.8 21.79 +3.7 18.72 24. 53 +8.9 +1. 2 20.24 +2.1 21.71 +3.2 21.36 +3.1 19.12 +5.2 15.88 20. 59 -21.6 +1.9 15.49 22.09 20.89 27.29 +1.2 +.2 +3.0 Average hourly earnings i May 1941 +21.0 +22.4 +27.1 +25.1 +23.8 +17.6 +31 5 +10.7 +15.3 +16.9 +18. 8 + 16.2 +23. 3 +18.0 +24.7 +15.0 + 13.6 +27.5 -7.0 +18.4 37.9 38.8 39.3 39.5 41.5 38.6 33.5 35.8 38.5 38.0 40.4 38.5 39.7 33.2 35.9 36.7 38.7 36.4 23.6 37.0 +1.8 +1.4 +5.1 +.6 +2.9 -.5 +13.8 +1.2 +3.7 +.4 +.4 +2.6 +2.6 +2.4 +1.5 +4.7 +3.2 +4.8 -12.0 +1.6 +12.3 +13.2 +20.4 +14.6 + 15.5 +8.6 +26.3 +8.7 +8.4 +10.2 +11.2 + 10.2 +15. 2 +10.0 +15.8 +6.4 +8.4 +14.2 -11.2 +11.3 Cents 53.0 52.0 70.7 45.1 52.5 59.4 77.1 54.8 50.0 45.1 53.3 48.4 61.6 55.0 60.3 54.5 48.8 42.8 66.6 42.9 +30.0 +35. 9 +14. 3 37.5 35.9 40.1 -1.3 -2.3 +2.1 +22.1 +26.1 +8.6 59.0 56.7 68.1 Percentage change from— April 1941 May 1940 +1.0 +1.9 +2.0 +1.0 +1.6 + 1.2 +1.6 6 +7.1 +7.8 +5.6 +9.3 +7.8 +7.9 +9.3 +.6 +6.6 +5.0 +5.8 +5.6 +9.4 +5.9 +5.9 +5.7 +5.1 +11.7 +.4 +6.6 +() +1.5 +.6 +1.6 +1.0 +6.1 -.6 +.5 -1.2 -.1 +.3 +.4 +2.0 +2.3 +.7 -4.5 +8.2 +8.8 +5.5 Food and kindred products,. Baking Beverages-. Butter Canning and preserving.. Confectionery. Flour Ice cream Slaughtering and meat packing _. Sugar, beet Sugar refining, caneTobacco manufactures Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff Cigars and cigarettes-. Paper and printing.. Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: Book and job Newspapers and periodicals. Chemical, petroleum, and coal products.. Petroleum refining Other than petroleum refining. Chemicals Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal.. Druggists' preparations. Explosives,. Fertilizers Paints and varnishes Rayon and allied products Soap. Rubber products Rubber boots and shoes Rubber tires and inner tubes.. Rubber goods other. See footnotes at end of table. 127. 5 149.0 293. 0 109. 6 99. 9 81. 0 76. 5 87. 9 116.8 47. 4 102. 5 64. g 52. 8 66. 4 +3.2 +1. 7 +7. 9 +7. 1 +3. 1 -6. 2 -1.0 6 +11. +5. 9 +8. 7 -• 2 +2. 2 3 +4. 8 +2. 9 +5. 1 +9. 7 — _2 +6. 5 — 2. 5 +4. 9 +io' 41 +7. 6 +4. 3 -9. 9 +2. +6. 0 120. 8 129. 5 122. 7 +1.2 +5. 0 103.2 117. 6 +_ 4 +• 4 +3. 9 133. 5 122.0 136. 3 166.8 7 +1. 2 -1. 0 +2. 7 +10. 7 70 9 125. 2 127.1 141 4 323 5 92 2 106 74 83 181 3 9 2 5 +2. 3 +2.1 -20.1 +2. 3 -28. 9 +2. 9 +1. 8 7 +13. 6 +6. 5 +. 4 2 + 13^ 2 +22. 5 +11. 1 +5. 7 -1. 4 +12. 3 +6. 3 +13. 3 +26.8 +3.4 1 +38.5 +1. 1 | +20 7 6 +30. 0 +1. 2 134. 7 148. 4 362. 4 97. 4 91. 1 83. 7 75. 6 75. 9 133. 1 53. 8 90. 0 66. 8 66. 9 66. 7 6 4 4 3 2 — 2. 4 —] 1 +9' 1 +15. 7 +11. 6 — 2. 7 +7. +5. +9. +8. +4. + 13. 4 + 10.9 +7.7 +9.6 +14.9 +1.9 +11.0 + 3.4 +8.3 +20. 5 +9.1 +12. 5 +10.0 +8. 6 +.6 +14. 1 +11.4 124. 9 +3. 1 +10.4 159.0 +5. 6 +27.7 145. 6 +4. 6 +17.2 95. 7 +2. 1 +8.2 114.0 +1. 4 +1.6 162. 4 +3. 7 +21.6 146. 3 +2.8 +6.9 167. 4 +4. 0 +26.3 221. 8 +6.5 +37.0 65. 5 - 2 0 . 8 +15.8 142.8 +3. 7 +11.1 4 28. 0 127. +7.9 170. 4 +7: 9 +25.0 2 356. +4. 1 +14.4 125. < +8.7 +28.3 129. 0 +5. 0 +48.1 88. 3 +5. 7 +64.3 111. 6 +4.3 +39.7 2 207. +6. 3 +57.7 26. 67 +5.8 +4.7 +4.2 + 1. 1 +4.7 +J. 1 +2.1 +4.0 +4.2 —1 +6.0 -2. 3 +3.2 +9. 2 29.55 +9.1 29. 35 +2. 7 +9.1 -2. 5 24.89 +4.6 +5.4 18. 67 +10. 9 20. 45 +10. 0 + 12.2 18. 33 +11. 2 +5.2 31. 15 +1. 9 +5.2 24. 58 +3. 2 +12.5 29. 07 +2. 5 +10.1 +4.1 32. 01 +1. 39 51 +1. 0 +1.2 32. 39 +4. 4 +9.8 +1. 5 37.14 +6.8 30 73 +5. 1 +11.6 35 48 +3. 7 +11.8 9 14 85 +4.2 +l' 4 25.49 +4.9 37 97 +6. 5 +16.1 17 99 +2. 7 +8.7 33 05 +4 8 +11.3 28.16 +2.3 +7.6 32 13 +8 0 +14.0 32 83 + 3 8 + 16.8 27 11 +2 1 +18.7 38 96 + 3 2 +15.8 27 56 +5 7 +21.4 27. 56 36. 23. 17. 19. 26. 29. 19 15 44 91 57 81 +4.26 +3. +1. 3 40.3 41.8 40.7 45.9 34.3 37.6 42.0 45.4 40.5 39.5 38.2 +1.8 +1.8 +1.6 +1.6 +1.1 +1.3 -.7 36.8 36.4 36. 9 +11.2 +7.9 +11.5 +1.1 +2.2 +.9 +1.2 +.4 40.0 41.8 43.0 39.7 36.2 39.8 37.0 40.7 41.1 40.6 39.4 42.2 38.5 43.0 39.5 40.7 40.3 41.2 38.6 41.8 -.8 +3.4 +4.3 -2.4 0 +.3 _(8) +.8 -4.9 0 +2.9 -8.6 +2.8 +1.3 +1.0 +2.3 +.7 +1.6 +3.4 +.5 +1.0 +.9 +2.1 -2.0 -1.4 +3.2 0 +L7 +5.4 +2.8 +2.2 +5.3 +1.1 +2.7 +7.5 +3.1 +2.3 -.2 +2.8 +2.0 +2.7 +2.5 +1.6 +.8 +6.4 -.5 +4.5 +1.8 +3.3 +10.7 +10.6 +10.6 +11.3 67.0 65.9 89.8 49.5 51.7 54.0 62.8 63.5 73.1 77.2 65.2 50.5 56.4 49.9 81.1 59.2 67.6 81.9 106.6 80.6 100. 8 74.4 86.3 35.1 61.5 90.1 46.8 77.0 71.2 78.9 81.8 65.8 101.1 66.6 +2.4 +2.0 —. 2 -.5 +.1 +2.8 +.7 -1.0 +5.6 -1.7 -.1 +.3 +2.5 +.1 +.8 +1.2 +1.6 +.5 +.7 +4.4 +1.1 +5.5 +2.9 +2.5 +•5 +3.5 +12.3 +2.0 +.9 +7.0 + 1.7 +1.4 + 1.3 +2.3 +4.5 +3.8 +3.0 +2.9 +2.6 +5.4 +3.0 +2.3 +7.0 +4.1 +1.8 +4.0 +6.2 +4.1 +2.5 +5.1 +6.7 +1.6 +1.7 +7.1 +4.7 +9.4 +9.2 +1.3 +4.2 +9.2 +9.3 +6.8 +5.6 +10.4 +5.5 +7.2 +4.1 +8.9 TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1941—Continued NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100] Employment Average weekly earnings l Pay rolls Average hours worked per week i Average hourly earnings l I Industry Coal mining: 1213 Anthracite 12 _. Bituminous i. Metalliferous mining H Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.. Crude-petroleum production. Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph 1515 ]6_. Electric light and power w Street railways and busses " ie n Trade: Wholesale « is..... Retail» ie___ Food^ General merchandising 1516_ Apparel w 16 Furniture Automotive 16_Lumber ^ 121519 Hotels (year-round) _. Laundries 12 Dyeing and15 cleaning 12_ Brokerage 15 _. Insurance Building construction. Index May 1941 Percentage change from— April 1941 May 1940 48.6 -0.3 89.9 +282.0 78.3 +1.5 51.3 +6.4 60.4 +.6 +5.6 +13.2 +9.4 -4.5 84.6 92.3 +1-7 +1.1 +1.0 92.3 96.0 107.8 103.0 90.8 77.8 91.7 76.6 96.8 108.4 120.7 -.2 -1.8 +.3 -5.2 -9.1 +1.3 +1.1 +2.3 +1.6 +3.4 +3.0 -.6 +.2 +5.4 -6.2 +9.5 +1.9 +.8 +3.8 +5.3 +3.4 +8.3 +4.2 +.6 +6.5 +2.7 +3.6 +9.4 +11.0 -14.7 +1.5 +24.0 Index May 1941 Percentage change from— April 1941 May 1941 Percentage change from— 31.63 36.46 34.49 +.2 +1.4 +.3 84.6 91.5 101.4 95.8 84.8 75.0 99.7 76.5 88.4 98.9 95.6 01) +1.5 -.2 +9.4 +9.7 +6.5 +10.6 +8.2 +6.1 +20.7 +8.2 +6.6 +11.7 +12.0 -14.2 +2.3 +33.6 31.88 21.92 24.00 18.49 21.67 30.28 32.44 27.94 15.86 18.95 21.77 38.57 37.34 34.87 +1.6 +1.6 +.3 +2.5 () +.6 -2.8 -10.2 +4.3 +4.1 +5.4 +1.5 +3.2 -2.2 -.5 +.3 +8.0 +3.8 +4.5 39.8 40.1 46.5 0 +1.2 + +5.3 +4.3 +3.1 +2.1 +3.8 +5.4 + 13.3 +5.4 +2.9 +2.2 41.3 42.5 42.6 38.3 38.1 44.7 47.7 43.0 44.7 43.7 44.7 +3.1 +.1 +17.9 +10.0 +14.6 +6.3 -1.2 +3.0 +2.9 +3.1 -.1 -.2 -5.1 +.1 0 +2.5 -11.0 +.9 +.8 +.6 +.8 +7.7 () 35.1 Percentage change from— 1941 +13.8 $22. 59 +37.5 29.63 +34. 5 32.91 +2.6 26.10 +7.1 36.22 +2.6 +10.5 +5.8 +5.4 May +23. 6 +31.9 +1.6 +4.1 -16.5 +2.0 +2.5 +1.3 May 1941 22.9 30.2 41.8 42.3 37.9 May 1940 109.2 110.3 73.0 from— May 1940 April 1941 +31.8 +24.6 +25.3 +1.5 Percentage change April 1911 May 1940 33.4 +37.1 99.2 +523.4 +4.1 81.8 53.6 +14.0 +3.2 59.6 1 -.3 +.8 +.7 _(6) -.9 -.9 -.2 +.8 +.1 +1.5 -1.4 o -2. 5 (ii) 01) +2.1 -18.0 +.8 +4.8 -.1 -.5 -1.0 +.4 +.2 -.4 -.8 -.4 -2.1 +1.1 () ' () +3.9 April 1941 May 1940 Cents 94.5 97.3 79.0 61.5 92.7 +2.4 +15.7 +1.0 +2.5 +3.0 +2.3 +9.0 +9.2 +9.0 +5.8 79.7 91.3 73.2 +.1 +.8 -.5 +4.1 +1.9 78.2 58.1 53.7 47.8 56.9 71.9 68.3 65.7 34.5 43.6 49.7 +1.0 +1.9 +1.0 +3.6 +6.1 +4.9 +3.3 +2.6 +3.8 +3.8 +14.2 +6.6 +4.6 +1.7 () 99.3 +2^2 +2.8 +1.4 +1.4 +.5 -2.8 4 () () +.4 +3.6 to o 1 Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available, on request. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size and composition of the reporting sample. 2 See tables 9, 10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January 1923 for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups. 3 Because of change in the composition of the reporting sample, hours and earnings are not comparable with those previously published as indicated: Forgings.—Average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings (comparable February figures $36.95, 45.0 hours, 82.3 cents). Wirework.—Average weekly earnings, average weekly hou v s, average hourly earnings (comparable February figures $29.46, 41.9 hours, 70.4 cents). Knitted cloth.—Average weekly earnings and average houriy earnings (comparable February figures $20.37 and 51.1 cents). Wearing apparel group.—Average hourly earnings (comparable January and February figures 55.7 and 56.1 cents). Women's clothing.—Average weekly earnings and average weekly hours (comparable January figures $19.60, 33.4 hours); average hourly earnings (comparable January and February figures 56.7 and 57.8 cents). 7 in the April 1941 issue y 1940 to March 1941. ;ated: Tin cans.—January and February 1941 average weekly and hourly earnings to $25.31 and $24.98; 63.9 and 63.8 cents; January average weekly hours to 39.8; January and February pay-roll indexes to 114.8 and 115.7. Transportation group.—February average hourly earnings to 91.7 cents. Men's clothing.—February average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $21.43, 35.7 hours, 59.9 cents, February paiy-roll index to 9tK2. s7 Less than Ho of 1 percent. November, and December 1940, January and February 1941 weekly earnings, average weekly hours and average hourly earnings revised to $36.35, $38.20, $39.16, $38 56; 43.2, 45.5, 45.4, 45.3 hours; 84.2, 84.1, 86.5, 85.3 cents, employment indexes to 200.5, 210.5, 222.4, 236.3; pay-roll indexes to 274.8, 303.3, 329.9, 345.4. Beginning with January 1941, average weekly earnings and average hourly earnings not comparable with figures given for previous months because of expansion in the reporting sample (comparable December weekly and hourly earnings $38.04 and 83.8 cents). 8 Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. 9 The indexes for "automobiles" have been adjusted to 1933 census figures, but not to later census figures because of problems involving integrated industries. 10 See table 8 in March 1941 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlet for revised figures from January 1935 to February 1941. 11 Not available. 12 Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. 13 See table 7 of October 1940 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive. 14 See table 7 of February 1941 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for revised figures for metalliferous mining from January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive. 15 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable wTith figures published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. 16 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census Not comparable to indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to 17January 1936. Comparable series for earlier months available upon request. Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance." 18 Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. *9 Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included. TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries MANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," ''durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] E m p l o y m e n t index Pay-roll index Average weekly earnings * Average hours worked per week Average hourly earnings l Industry May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 . ... _ All manufacturing 2_ Durable goods 2 Nondurable goods 2_. 122.6 119.9 144.0 134.7 131.2 $30. 69 $29. 15 $29. 11 40.8 40.0 40.4 Cents 72.6 Cents 124.8 70.8 Cents 69.7 131.2 118.7 127.7 117.8 123.7 116.3 163.0 122.7 149.9 117.7 144.6 116.3 35. 51 24.47 33.52 23.61 33.49 23.63 42.5 38.9 41.5 38.4 42.0 38.8 80.6 64.1 78.5 62.9 76.8 62.4 132.9 140. 4 161.1 94.4 129.4 137.4 154.7 92.6 127.2 135.0 150. 5 90.5 1619 172.5 233.7 110.3 150.9 161 1 212.0 104. 2 141. 2 149.0 199.4 99.2 35.74 39. 05 34. 92 27.93 34.39 37.87 32.99 27.00 32.65 34.94 31.87 26.22 41.5 40.4 45.1 41.7 40.8 39.8 44.7 41.8 41.0 40.1 44.0 41.5 85.9 96.8 77.5 66.6 84. 1 95.4 73.8 64.1 79.5 87.3 72.4 62.8 118.5 102.1 116. 7 102.1 218.0 116.5 99.5 116.6 100. 8 210.0 113.3 97.3 117.1 100.5 207.4 134.3 152.3 141.5 104.8 255.0 1218 140.3 135. 7 98.4 242.5 123.1 137. 7 138,1 100.5 240.9 29.67 39.62 29.89 29.62 28. 5,1 27.96 37.57 28.64 23.18 27.08 28. 44 37.94 28.95 28.97 27.04 43.2 46.0 42.3 40.5 40.5 42.2 45.0 41.4 39.4 40.4 42,6 45.7 42.0 40.4 40.4 69.6 86.4 70.7 73.1 70.2 67.4 83.6 69.3 71.6 66.8 67.8 83.1 69.0 71.5 66.7 112,1 113.4 102.3 123. 4 108.9 109.2 99.1 109.5 107.3 103.4 97.2 107. 1 128.6 119. 3 113.8 151. 6 116.8 110.6 103.4 127.3 112.1 102.8 97.1 121.8 34.63 29.66 36.13 27. 65 32.28 28.60 33.71 26.17 31. 49 28.03 32.35 25.53 44.0 41.2 44.0 42.3 43.6 40.4 43.2 41.0 42.6 40.2 42.9 40.1 78.8 72.1 82.5 65.5 74.1 70.8 78.2 64.2 74.2 69.9 75.6 63.9 135.5 211.1 133.2 207.4 130.1 209.7 171.7 273. 0 165. 5 242. 8 160.5 256.4 32.01 31.37 31.57 28.22 31.36 29.64 46.1 42.7 46.4 40.1 46.4 41.7 70.0 72.9 68.1 70.5 67.7 71.1 Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, not including m achinery Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i l l s . _ Bolts, n u t s , washers, and rivets.. Cast-iron pipe . C u t l e r y (not including silver a n d plated cutlery^ and edge tools Forgings, iron and s t e e l 3 . Hardware P l u m b e r s ' supplies 4 S t a m p e d and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating a p p a r a t u s a n d steam fittings. Stoves Structural and ornamental metalwork.. T i n cans and other t i n w a r e 5 Tools (not including edge tools, m a c h i n e tools, files, a n d saws),. Wire work 3. to tO Machinery, not including transportation equipment. Agricultural implements (including tractors).. Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills 6 Fomdry and machine-shop products.. Machinetools Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts. Typewriters and parts. 57 Transportation 7 equipment _ Aircraft Automobiles s Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.. Locomotives,. Shipbuilding.. Nonferrous metals and their products.9 A luminum manufactures Brass, bronze, and copper products Clocks and watches and time-recording devices.. Jewelry Lighting equipment Silverware and plated ware Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. Lumber and allied products.. Furniture. Lumber: MillworkSawmills.. Stone, clay, and glass products_. Brick, tile, and terra cotta. CementGlass _ Marble, granite, slate, and other products.. Pottery, See footnotes at end of table. 217. 1 229.0 197. 6 229. 6 186.2 162.0 37.16 36.88 35. 16 37. 52 35.02 33. 54 45. 4 41. 8 44.7 43.2 44.9 41.0 81.8 88.6 78.8 87.2 77.8 82.0 146.3 196. 0 191. 0 179.4 40.28 39. 26 38.25 45. 9 45.3 44.3 88.8 87.7 87.3 141.5 215. 3 192. 3 185.9 36.68 34. 41 34.46 44. 4 44.1 44.3 82.9 78.2 78.0 247.6 123.6 307.1 149.1 96.2 133.6 452. 0 165. 0 505. 3 191. 5 124. 3 189. 6 372.4 152. 5 472.2 163.9 112. 1 174. 5 376.4 143.6 461.9 157.2 110.3 159.2 44.01 36.21 42.98 27.02 33.72 32.40 38. 3.0 34. 60 41. 10 25. 31 31. 32 30.93 40.20 34.39 41.49 25. 79 31. 77 29.20 47. 2 45. 4 52. 3 41. 0 46. 4 45. 3 43.3 44.8 51.1 39.4 45.0 43.8 46.1 44.7 51.9 40.2 45.9 42.3 93.5 80.1 82.4 66.1 72.8 71.6 88.7 77.9 80.8 64.4 69.7 70.6 87.3 76.9 79.9 64.3 69.3 69.1 166.4 216. 8 191. 4 197.2 171.3 161.2 6, 293. 8 5,929. 2 5, 563. 7 7. 700.9 7. 134.4 6,678.3 171. ] 147. 3 163.1 133. 8 132. 4 131.5 65.6 73. 4 84. 2 79.5 73.7 70.9 64.0 71. 6 79. 9 65.1 59.7 55.8 307.1 294. 4 272.4 430. 2 392. 5 365.0 39.89 35.80 41. 70 33.71 37. 58 41.09 36.41 35. 15 36. 36 31. 71 36 75 39.11 38.80 35. 02 40.61 29.42 35.17 39.30 42.4 45. 2 41. 2 41.0 44. 4 44. 0 39.7 45.1 37.0 39.7 45.7 42.7 42.3 45.2 41.4 37.7 43.3 44.0 94.5 79.5 101.4 82.3 84.6 92.6 92.3 78.8 98.3 79.8 80.4 90.6 92.0 78.3 98.2 78.0 81.2 89.0 162.0 170.7 156.2 168.5 147.7 132.6 151.3 151.3 154.0 147.3 271.6 134.0 325.6 173.7 101.3 143.5 257.2 130.0 316.9 158.5 98.9 138.3 139.9 233. 5 184.4 138.9 231.0 182.5 137. 9 224.1 180.5 166. 3 322 0 245. 4 157. 0 290. 4 233. 6 155.5 258.4 236.7 33.14 34.36 37.10 31 48 31 40 35.70 31.67 28.74 36.45 42.8 42. 5 44. 5 42.0 41.7 43.8 42.1 38.1 44.4 77.0 80.8 83.4 74.9 75.4 81.6 74.8 75.5 82.2 115.9 104.4 112.0 82.9 102.5 114.2 104.4 113.3 81.5 101,4 111.4 104. 2 111.9 79 8 100. 6 143. 4 97. 7 4 no. 90. 8 in. 4 133. 6 7 105. g 82. 0 107. 6 128.9 94.0 105.4 82.4 105. 7 27. 36 25.08 30. 39 31.64 30.84 25. 83 24 07 28 60 29 07 29 89 25. 58 21. 14 28. 83 29. 81 29.60 42. 2 40. 9 41. 3 45. 1 39. 3 41.2 40.3 39.8 43 2 39.0 41.8 40.9 40.5 44.3 39.1 64.8 60.7 73.2 70.8 78.1 62.7 59.4 71.8 67.9 76.7 61.2 58.9 71. 1 68.0 75.8 74.8 100.1 73.8 97.6 72.6 96.7 78 0 102 5 75 7 95 2 72.8 93.9 22.56 24.29 22 17 23 22 21.68 23. 03 40 1 41. 8 40.2 40.8 39.7 40.8 55.6 58.4 54.7 57.0 70.0 65.8 69.7 65.2 69.7 63.7 62 4 66 0 59 3 68 4 57 7 62^7 24. 29 20.75 23 36 21 03 22.78 20.33 42 2 38 6 41.1 39.7 40.4 38.9 57.5 53.7 56.6 53.0 54.1 56.5 56.2 52.3 95.6 72.7 78.0 124.0 46.3 112.5 93.0 69.2 74.2 121.8 45.3 113.1 89.7 65.4 69.3 119.5 43.4 111.2 97 8 69 0 85 2 150 3 38 7 113 6 91 1 62 4 75.5 143 5 34 6 111 1 85.2 56.1 66.2 140. 5 31.1 104.6 27.64 24. 49 30.71 29.53 29.38 25.58 26 50 23. 38 28 72 28 70 26 80 24 88 1 25.89 22.30 27.13 28.76 25.37 23.90 38 5 38 4 40 6 37 8 39 5 38.1 38.0 38.4 40.3 37.4 36.9 37.6 37.2 37.4 38.2 37.1 35.2 37.4 71.0 63.7 75.7 76.9 75.4 67.0 69. 5 60. 6 71. 3 77. 0 73. 5 66. 2 68.9 59.4 71.0 77.8 72.3 64.1 CO TABLE 6,-^Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued Employment index Average weekly earningsl Pay-roll index Average hours worked per week * Average hourly earnings1 Industry May 1941 April March 37.8 38.6 39.0 38.8 41.1 40.8 37.8 36.2 37.4 38.3 39.6 37.8 39.1 36.3 38. 2 38.3 38.5 38.1 34.9 36.2 Cents 53.0 52.0 70.7 45.1 52.5 59.4 77.1 54.8 50.0 45.1 53.3 48.4 61.6 55.0 60.3 54.5 43.8 42.8 66.6 42.9 Cents 52.4 50.9 69.4 44.6 51.6 58.4 75.9 54.7 49.2 44.8 52.6 47.8 58.1 55.3 60.0 55.0 49.2 42.6 69.7 42.6 Cents 51.7 49.4 68.9 42.3 50.8 55.5 77.1 54.6 49.1 44.2 51.7 46.2 57.6 58.1 60.1 57.2 43.7 42.4 70.0 41.7 33.0 37.7 39.2 39.7 39.7 39.6 59.0 58.7 68.1 57.9 55.5 67.7 57.2 54.9 67.0 33.6 41.1 40.1 45.3 34.2 37.1 40.0 41.6 38.9 45.3 34.5 39.2 67.0 65.9 89.8 49.5 51.7 54.0 65.5 64.7 89.8 50.0 51.4 52.5 65.5 64.1 90.1 50.5 52.5 52.4 April 1941 March 1941 37.9 33.8 39.3 39.5 41.5 38.6 33.5 35.8 38.5 38.0 40.4 38.5 39.7 38.2 35.9 36.7 38.7 36.4 28.6 37.0 37.3 38.3 37.4 39.3 40.2 38.7 29.4 35.4 37.3 37.8 40.1 37.6 38.7 35.3 35.6 35.0 37.5 34.9 32.6 38.4 22.67 21.77 26.47 37.5 36.9 40.1 25.74 23. 66 34.63 23.14 17.90 20.30 41 3 41.8 40.7 45.9 34.3 37.6 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April March 1941 Textiles and their products .__ Fabrics Carpets and rugs__ Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing andfinishingtextiles-. Hats, fur-felt. Hosiery Knitted outerwear. _ Knitted underwear. Knitted cloth 3 Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods _. Wearing apparel3 5 Clothing, men's 3 Clothing, women's Corsets and allied garments. Men's furnishings Millinery Shirts and collars. Leather and its manufactures-. Boots and shoes.. Leather. 112.4 105.1 89.2 106.3 102.6 141.2 79.9 143. 0 76.5 82.3 154.7 68.5 106.9 124.0 118.8 165. 2 118.1 121.8 75.7 131.1 112.1 103.7 87.0 104.7 100.8 143.3 80.7 141.9 71.4 82.6 141.5 68.5 104.3 128.2 117.9 171.9 118.1 122.3 87.8 130.0 111.6 102.7 85.5 103.6 98.2 142.0 84.7 143.8 68.2 80.4 145. 6 67.2 102.7 127.0 115.9 177.8 117.8 122.6 91.0 127.5 110 3 109 2 89 6 116 9 114 1 133 9 74 8 153.1 71 5 84.6 149 2 62 4 113 3 105 7 101. 2 131.3 136.6 129. 9 51. 0 129. 8 107 0 104 1 81 5 113 3 107.4 134 7 66.9 155 2 63 9 84.0 132 7 60. 1 101. 5 106 2 93. 3 132. 3 132. 5 123. 9 75. 5 126. 3 107.0 101.1 83.1 104.8 104.5 133.3 88.1 160.5 60.8 81.7 133.0 57.5 100.3 112.2 99.2 148.0 133. 4 129.1 84.6 121.1 $20.12 20.08 27.78 17.83 21.70 23.06 25.77 19.64 19.38 17.21 21.79 18.72 24.58 20.24 21.71 21.35 19.12 15.88 20.59 15.49 $19.46 19.30 25.94 17.54 20.73 22.78 23.00 19.37 18.53 17.03 21.17 18.04 22.44 19.91 21.32 20.53 18.65 15.13 25.37 15.20 $19. 37 18.89 26.86 16.39 20.87 22.91 29.12 19.80 18.34 17.00 20.57 17.55 22.51 20.68 21.90 22.12 18.87 15.66 28.50 14.87 95.5 93.0 89.6 93.0 95.8 90.0 98,7 97.0 89.1 91. 0 86. 7 97.6 92. 3 89. 1 95. 1 96.1 94.2 94.3 22.09 20.89 27.29 21.87 20.84 28.52 Food and kindred products.. Baking ... Beverages.Butter Canning and preserving. Confectionery- 127.5 149.0 293.0 109. 6 99.9 81.0 123.6 146. 5 271.5 102.3 96.9 86.4 120.3 145.0 263.9 95.9 80.4 89.3 134. 7 148. 4 362. 4 97. 4 91. 1 83. 7 125. 2 140. 9 331. 4 89. 9 87. 5 85.8 122.4 140.0 312. 9 85.2 75.6 93.5 28.67 27.56 38.19 23.15 17.44 19.91 25.57 26.59 35. 67 22.96 17.33 May 1941 Nondurable goods 19.17 1941 1941 to Flour Icecream Slaughtering and meat packing.. Sugar, beet Sugar refining, cane. Tobacco manufactures Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff.. Cigars and cigarettes. „ 76.5 87.9 116.8 47.4 102.5 77.4 78.7 110.2 43.6 102.6 76.8 70.8 110.7 43.2 95.7 75.6 75.9 133.1 53.8 90.0 76.4 69.5 115.1 48.2 92.5 72.7 62.5 114.2 46.0 92.3 26.57 29.81 29.55 29.35 24.89 26. 59 30.50 27.14 28.63 25.53 25.48 30.21 26.81 27.56 27.32 42.0 45.4 40.5 39.5 38.2 42.5 45.8 39.1 37.9 39.1 41.0 45.2 39.2 34.6 41.5 62.8 63.5 73.1 77.2 65.2 62.3 64.1 69.4 78.6 65.2 61.6 65.2 68.5 81.9 65.8 64.9 52.8 66.4 63.5 53.5 64.7 63.3 54.2 64.4 66.8 66.9 66.7 58.9 61.6 58.5 62.7 64.2 62.4 18.67 20,45 18.33 16.88 18.50 16.58 17.99 19.10 17.78 36.8 36.4 36.9 33.2 33.7 33.0 36.1 35.3 36.1 50.5 56.4 49.9 50.6 54.9 50.1 49.7 54.3 49.2 120.8 129.5 122.7 119.4 126.6 120.3 118.1 123.0 118.5 124.9 159.0 145.6 121.2 150.7 139.1 120.3 145.0 136.4 31.15 24.56 29.07 30.54 23.74 28.31 30.67 23.54 28.19 40.0 41.8 43.0 39.6 40.8 42.6 39.7 40.8 42.5 81.1 59.2 67.6 80.5 58.5 66.6 80.7 58.2 66.4 103.2 117.6 102. 8 117.1 102.1 116.9 95.7 114.0 93.7 112.4 94.9 112.1 32.01 39.51 31. 54 39.01 32.08 39.02 39.7 36.2 39.4 36.0 39.8 36.0 81.9 106.6 81.4 105.7 81.7 105.5 30.95 36.64 29.07 34.24 14.95 25.12 35.66 17.48 31.57 27.54 29.76 30.36 34.68 28.83 33.93 14.92 25.62 35.14 14.88 30.46 27.28 29.84 39.8 37.0 40.7 41.1 40. 6 39.4 42.2 38.5 43.0 39.5 40.7 39.9 37.0 40.7 40.8 42.4 39.4 41.0 41.9 41.9 39.0 40.4 39.1 36.0 40.1 41.0 42.1 39.9 40.5 36.5 .40.8 38.9 40.5 80.6 100.8 74.4 86.3 35.1 61.5 90.1 46.8 77.0 71.2 78.9 77.3 99.5 70.7 83.9 34.4 61.1 87.1 41.7 75.5 70.6 73.7 76.6 96.7 70.5 82.9 34.5 61.6 86.8 40.8 74.9 70.0 73.6 31.74 26.54 38.01 26.11 31.67 26.83 37.55 26. 31 40.3 41.2 38.6 41.8 39.4 40.9 38.2 40.4 39.7 41.7 37.9 41.0 81.8 65.8 101.1 66.6 80.4 64.9 99.7 65.4 79.9 Paper and printing.. Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: Book and job Newspapers and periodicals Chemical, petroleum, and coal products.. Petroleum refining Other than petroleum refining.. Chemicals Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal.. Druggists' preparations. Explosives.. Fertilizers Paints and varnishes Rayon and allied products. Soap.. 133.5 122.0 136.3 166.8 70.9 125.2 134.4 120.5 137.7 162.4 88.6 122.4 130.7 119.5 133.4 159.3 99.7 120 9 162.4 146.3 167.4 221.8 65.5 142.8 156.6 142.4 160.9 208.3 82.7 137.7 148.1 133.4 152.7 201.7 92.9 137.7 127.1 141.4 323.5 92.2 178.7 137.4 317.9 91.6 140.9 132.9 312.2 90.7 127.4 170.4 356.2 125.7 176.9 157.9 342.3 115.6 116.9 147.4 332.9 114.8 32.39 37.14 30.73 35.48 14.85 25.49 37.97 17.99 33.05 28.16 32.13 Rubber products __ Rubber boots and shoes Rubber tires and inner tubes.. Rubber goods, other. 106.3 74.9 83.2 181.5 105.0 72.4 82.3 180.4 102.8 68.9 80.0 179.2 129.0 88.3 111.6 207.2 122.8 83.6 107.1 194.8 119.5 80.4 102.7 194.6 32.83 27.11 38.96 27.56 See footnotes at end of table. (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 64.3 99.4 64.7 to Cn TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929—100] Employment index Ave rage weekly earnings * Pay-roll index Average hours worked per week l Average hourly ings 1 earn- Industry May 1941 Coal mining: Anthracite " » Bituminous " Metalliferous mining " Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.. Crude-petroleum production.. Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph " »_. Electric light and power " » Street railways and busses li » ^ . Trade Wholesale u n_. Betail""... Food i« General merchandising «i«_. Apparel 1 5 Furniture15 Automotive 15__ Lumber 1 5 Hotels (year-round) n 1418 _. Laundries " Dyeing and cleaning n . Brokerage " i»__ Insurance " 1 9 Building construction i»_. April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April 1941 March 1941 May 1941 April March 1941 1941 Cents Cents Cents 48.6 89.9 78.3 51.3 60.4 48.7 23.5 77.2 48.2 60.1 50.2 91.1 74.3 44.2 60.2 33.4 99.2 81.8 53.6 59.6 24.3 15.8 78.6 47.0 57.8 42.4 93.8 72.7 40.3 56.1 $22. 59 29.63 32.91 26.10 36.22 $16.43 18.02 32.08 24.37 35.31 $27. 79 27.64 30.85 22.85 34.25 22.9 30.2 41.8 42.3 37.9 18.5 22.9 41.2 40.7 38.0 29.9 31.6 41.0 38.9 37.3 94.5 97.3 79.0 61.5 92.7 92.3 84.1 78.2 60.0 90.0 92.7 88.3 75.4 58.9 89.3 84.6 92.3 68.9 83.2 91.3 68.3 81.8 90.3 68.2 109.2 110. 3 73.0 107.1 107.6 72.0 106.4 106.1 72.5 31.63 36.46 34.49 31.55 35. 96 34. 37 31.93 35.82 34.59 39.8 40.1 46.5 39.8 39.8 46.4 39.8 39.3 46.6 79.7 91.3 73.2 79.6 90.6 73.1 80.6 91.4 73.2 92.3 96.0 107.8 103.0 90.8 77.8 91.7 76.6 96.8 108.4 120.7 -.6 92.4 97.8 107.5 108.7 99.9 76.8 90.7 74.9 95.2 104.9 117.2 91.8 92.5 106.1 96.6 83.0 74.2 87.9 72.5 94.2 102.5 104.4 -1.6 84.6 91.5 101.4 95.8 84.8 75.0 99.7 76.5 88.4 98.9 95.6 5 83.4 91.7 100.8 98.6 94.4 71.9 95.8 72.6 87.1 95.8 97.8 82.0 86.2 99.1 88.3 76.5 66.3 87.9 69.2 85.7 90.9 77.2 -1.4 40.6 42.7 43.1 38.5 38.0 44.1 47.1 42.0 46.0 43.3 42.4 78.2 56.1 53.7 47.8 56.9 71.9 68.3 65.7 34.5 43.6 49.7 77.5 55.0 53.1 46.1 57.3 70.3 66.4 64.8 34.0 43.4 51.1 77.2 +.2 +.2 +'3 +8.0 31.17 21.59 23.83 18.18 21.50 28.36 29.96 26.72 15.67 18.37 20.34 37.85 37.24 32.61 41.0 42.5 43.0 38.7 38.1 44.4 47.6 42.4 45.4 43.8 45.8 +^3 +11.1 31.36 21.56 23.88 18.13 21.97 29.44 31.52 27.11 15. 87 18.98 22.94 38.54 37.34 33.96 41.3 42.5 42.6 38.3 38.1 44.7 47.7 43.0 44.7 43.7 44.7 +.2 +5.4 31.88 21.92 24.00 18.49 21.67 30.28 32.44 27.94 15.86 18.95 21.77 38.57 37.34 34.87 Q +.2 +.4 +15.5 +.6 +.5 54.8 52.9 46.6 55.7 67.0 64.3 64.8 33.7 42.6 49.4 (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) (10) 35.1 34.4 32.8 99.3 98.9 100.0 g 1 Mimeograpned sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size and composition of the reporting sample. 2 See tables 9, 10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January 1923 for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups. 3 Because of change in the composition of the reporting sample, hours and earnings are not comparable with those previously published as indicated: Forgings.—Average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings (comparable February figures $36.95, 45.0 hours, 82.3 cents). Wirework.—Average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings (comparable February figures $29.46, 41.9 hours, 70.4 cents). Knitted cloth.—Average weekly earnings and average hourly earnings (comparable February figures $20.37 and 51.1 cents). Wearing apparel group.—Average hourly earnings (comparable January and February figures 55.7 and 56.1 cents). Women's clothing.—Average weekly earnings and average weekly hours (comparable January figures $19.60, 33.4 hours); average hourly earnings (comparable January and February figures 56.7 and 57.8 cents). 4 Not comparable with previously published figures. See table 7 in the April 1941 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for revised figures from January 1940 to March 1941. * Revisions in the following industries have been made as indicated: Tin cans.—January and February 1941 average weekly and hourly earnings to $25.31 and $24.98; 63.9 and 63.8 cents; January average weekly hours to 39.8; January and February pay-roll indexes to 114.8 and 115.7. Transportation group.—February average hourly earnings to 91.7 cents. Men's clothing.—February average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $21.43, 35.7 hours, 59.9 cents; February pay-roll index to 96.2. •November and December 1940, January and February 1941 weekly earnings, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings revised to $36.35, $38.20, $39.16, $38.56; 43.2, 45.5, 45.4, 45.3 hours; 84.2, 84.1, 86.5, 85.3 cents; employment indexes to 200.5, 210.5, 222.4, 236.3; pay-roll indexes to 274.8, 303.3, 329.9, 345.4. Beginning with January 1941, average weekly earnings and average hourly earnings not comparable with figures given for previous months because of expansion in the reporting sample (comparable December weekly and hourly earnings $38.04 and 83.8 cents). 7 Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. 8 The indexes for "automobiles" have been adjusted to 1933 census figures, but not to later census figures, because of problems involving integrated industries. 9 See table 8 in March 1941 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlet for revised figures from January 1935 to February 1941. 10 Not available. " Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in 12January 1938 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. See table 7 of October 1940 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive. 13 See table 7 of February 1941 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for revised figures for metalliferous mining from January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive. 14 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. " Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable to indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, whichhas been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable series for earlier months available upon request. is Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance." 17 Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. i19g Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included. Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding month substituted. to ^1 28 TABLE 7.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Fifty-five Additional Manufacturing Industries [12-month average 1939=100] Pay rolls Employment Industry May 1941 Iron and steel group: Metal doors and shutters.. Firearms Screw-machine products-. Wire drawing Wrought pipe not made in rolling mills.. Steel barrels, kegs, and drums Machinery group: Machine-tool accessories _ Pumps Refrigerators and refrigerating apparatus,. Sewing machines Washing machines, wringers, and driers_ Transportation equipment group: Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts.. Nonferrous metals group: Sheet-metal work Smelting and refining of scrap metal _ Lumber group: Caskets and morticians' goods.. Wood preserving Wood, turned and shaped Wooden boxes, other than cigarMattresses and bedsprings Stone, clay, and glass products group: Abrasive wheels Asbestos products _ Lime Gypsum Glass products made from purchased glass. Wallboard and plaster, except gypsum.. Textiles: Textile bags Cordage and twine Curtains, draperies, and bedspreads. Housefurnishings, other.. Jute goods, except felt. H an dker chief s Leather group: Boot and shoe cut stock and findings. Leather gloves and mittens Trunks and suitcases Food group: Cereal preparations Condensed and evaporated milk. Feeds, prepared Paper and printing group: Paper bags Envelopes Paper goods, not elsewhere classified.. Bookbinding. _ Lithographing Chemical, petroleum, and coal products group: Ammunition Compressed and liquefied gases.. Perfumes and cosmetics Coke-oven productsPaving materials _ _ Roofing materials.. Miscellaneous group: Chemical fire extinguishers. Buttons Instruments, professional, v scientific, and com mercial Optical goods Photographic apparatus _ _ Pianos, organs, and parts Toys, games, and playground equipment. iNot available. 128.8 April 126.9 March 1941 125.7 May 1941 142.7 April 1941 135.9 March 1941 136.7 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) (0 183.6 137.5 156.2 128.4 178.3 136.7 155.7 117.4 173.3 133.3 144.9 108.1 246.4 169.0 201.4 168.4 224.4 158.4 175.7 147.5 222.7 154.8 167.9 126.7 211.2 173.9 156.4 125.3 137.5 200.5 165.5 153.7 122.3 130.8 190.5 158.0 150.9 117.8 125.4 275.7 243.1 194.3 178.1 173.0 251.7 218.6 182. 7 165.4 162.6 235.0 203.9 177.5 149.0 145.2 158.0 147.3 133.5 182.8 168.3 144.6 141.3 138.4 142.2 141.2 140.1 135.9 170.9 163.6 161.2 167.5 155.3 161.8 101.0 120.2 117.4 121. 6 119.1 102.0 121.0 117.2 118.3 116.2 102.4 117.3 116.3 115.9 114.5 109.4 143.5 134.9 149.5 135.7 108.5 142.8 130.9 137.7 127.7 110.1 137.8 130.7 129.7 125.7 178.1 126.8 126.3 118.1 144. 6 127. 9 172.3 121.3 120.5 112.2 134.6 122.8 164.1 115.7 111.9 109.2 130.0 122.2 219.8 158.3 158.5 135.3 160.9 148.9 202.8 139.6 141.0 126.6 143.5 137.1 181.9 138.8 120.8 112.8 141.2 136.5 110.3 129.2 101.0 143.0 120.1 103.2 110.8 124.6 98.2 136.0 121.5 101.1 104.3 120.4 102.8 129.6 113.5 100.3 120.4 161.1 115.9 159.8 151.4 120.0 119.6 148.1 115.0 141.3 150.7 112.8 115.1 138.3 119.1 143.4 136.5 117.1 103.7 135.7 142.1 103.3 135.7 136.4 104.8 130.1 131.7 115.2 172.1 138.4 111.9 169.4 131.6 117.5 156.6 131.1 106.4 119.8 106. 9 102.2 109.6 105.4 100.2 102.6 101.3 118.9 134.9 117.7 114.3 117.7 113.5 107.6 107.9 104.6 118.5 113.8 118.8 106. 7 100.2 115.0 112.0 117.7 105.9 98.7 105.5 111.0 115.5 105.7 96.6 138.7 125.3 129.0 119.6 110.5 129.9 118.5 124.7 121.5 107.4 117.6 116.7 123.8 121.8 106.1 (0 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 138.1 89.4 120.8 117.9 124.7 135.7 92.7 115.8 97.2 121.5 133.1 90.3 118.5 86.4 115.9 180.1 93.8 141.5 130.7 149.3 160.9 94.3 125.6 102.2 136.0 240.7 114.8 224.4 111.9 218.4 111.5 330.2 138.2 271.0 129. 6 279.9 127.8 175.8 160.1 115.6 121.1 122.2 169.2 155.9 113.6 123.1 106.6 161.0 149.8 110.6 121.5 111.4 218.5 182.5 135.3 131.2 127.0 203.7 174.8 128.9 129.3 108.5 192.9 165.2 120.8 127.0 117.0 162.9 91.0 123.2 93.7 126.1 29 TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing 1 and Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, May 1940 Through May 1941 1940 1941 Industry Av. M a y June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. M a y Employment Manufacturing All industries.. 107. 5 102. 5 103.1 103.2 107. 4 111. 4 113. 8 114. 7 116. 2 115. 5 117. 8 119. 9 122.6 124.8 108.2 112.8 115.5 117.7 118.3 121.0 123.7 127.7 131.2 Durable goods 3 .. 104.3 19.2 117.8 118.7 110. 6 105. 6 106.2 107.8 112.2 114.4 114.8 113.8 114.8 112.7 114. Nondurable goods 4 Nonmanufacturing Anthracite mining» 50. 51.8 49.7 50.5 49.9 49.8 Bituminous-coal mining 5... 88.0 85.1 83. 84.9 86.6 87.7 Metalliferous mining 6 69.2 70.3 71.0 71.5 72.5 69. Quarrying and nonmetallic mining 45.3 46.9 47.9 48.1 48.5 48.9 Crude-petroleum production 62.9 63.3 63.8 63.7 63.6 63.0 Telephone and telegraph 7_ . 77.9 77.3 77.8 78.8 79.0 78.9 Electric light and power _ 91.1 90.6 91.2 92.2 93.0 92.7 Street railways and busses 7 s ;.5 68.4 68.5 68.4 68.4 68.5 68.5 68.4 90.4 88.9 89.6 89.2 90.1 90.9 Wholesale trade92.3 91.2 91.9 89.1 88.7 92.8 Retail trade 7 5 92.0 93.4 92.0 90.3 90.3 91.6 Year-round hotels -. Laundries 5 .. 99. 5 99.1 102.1 102. 5 102.8 101.9 Dyeing and cleaning «_. .. 104. 7 108. 7 112. 6 108.2 106.7: 110.0 49.4 50.4 50.8 50.3 50.6 50.2 48.7 48.6 89.2 89.8 90.1 90.2 90.6 91.1 23.5 89.9 72.6 72.5 72.2 72.5 73.4 74.3 77.2 78.3 45.4 41.7 42.4 44.2 48.2 48.8 51.3 62.4 61.3 60.7 60.3 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.4 79.1 79.2 79.7 80.4 80.9 81.8 83.2 84.6 92.3 91.8 91.3 90.5 90.1 90.3 91.3 92.3 68.7 91.0 94.3 93.4 100. 2 109.4 68.7 91.8 96. 3 108.1 90.5 92.3 92.1 92.9 99.7 100.3 101.4 106.0 68.0 91.4 90.7 93.9 101.1 101.4 68.2 91.8 92.5 94.2 102. 5 104.4 68.3 68.9 92.4 92.3 97.8 96.0 95.2 96.8 104.i. 9 108.4 117. 2 120. 7 Pay rolls All industries.. Durable goods3 Nondurable goods 4 Nonmanufarturing Anthracite mining« Bituminous-coal mining 5__ Metalliferous mining» Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum production Telephone and telegraph 77_ Electric light and power __ S t r e e t 78 r a i l w a y s and busses Wholesale trade _ Retail trade 7 Year-round5 hotels 5_. Laundries ._ Dyeing and cleaning «_. .. 105.4 97.8 99.5 98.2 105.5 111.6 116.2 116.4 122.4 120.7 126.8 131.2 134.7 144.0 107.8 102.7 '8.7 101.4 97.4 106. 5 115.1 123.4 125.1 131. 7 132.0 139. 3 144. 6 149. 163.0 122.7 104.4 107.7 108.1 106. 6 112.1 108.1 112.' 116.3 97.4 38.5 45.2 42.4 24.3 33.4 36.5 33.1 39.3 32.3 37.6 4 38.5 40.0 40. 75.2 82.5 83.2 83.6 84.5 91.4 87.8 90.8 93.8 15.8 99.2 81.2 75.3 73. 70.4 69.8 72.8 71.8 72.7 78.6 81.8 66.7 65.7 65.3 63.6 68.5 69.5 47.0 42.3 42.7 43.9 43.5 58.2 58.7 58.8 59.0 58.2 57.6 56.8 55.9 55.7 57.3 56.1 57.8 59.6 100.2 98.8 100.0 101 100.4 101.8 102. 2 103. 2 103. 5 103.9 104. 3 106.4 107.1 109.2 .107.0 106.9 106.0 105.1 105.4 106.1 107. 6 110.3 104.8 104. 2 104. 8 105. 108.1 70.4 79.0 84.2 82.4 87.7 78.2 69.2 77.4 83.4 83.0 88.5 85.4 70.5 78.4 84. 82.0 92.4 70.0 78.3 82.6 80.5 90.0 80.0 70.4 78.7 81.5 80.7 90.5 78.9 71.5 81.1 85.1 81.8 89.9 85.6 70.7 80.2 85.8 84.2 88.0 82.4 70.3 80.7 87.1 83.6 87.2 77.8 73.1 83.4 97.3 84.1 89.2 75.8 70.7 80.5 83.7 84.1 89.8 73.3 71.0 81.4 84.6 86.1 89.7 74.4 72.5 82.0 86.2 85.7 90.9 77.2 72.0 83.4 91.7 87.1 95.8 97.8 73.0 84.6 91.5 88.4 98.9 95.6 1 3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. See tables 9, 10, and 11 of December 1940 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable figures back to January 1919 for "all manufacturing" and January 1923 for "durable goods" and "nondurable goods." 2 12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining, and crude-petroleum production are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS, or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. For other nonmanu- facturing indexes see notes 5, 6, and 7. 3 Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied products, and stone, clay, and glass products. 4 Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups. 5 Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are presented in January 1938 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet. See also table 7 of October 1940 pamphlet for6 revised figures for anthracite mining February 1940 to September 1940. See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised indexes January 1938 to January 1941. 7 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable with indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed form. 8 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies. 30 INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL METROPOLITAN AREAS A comparison of employment and pay rolls in April and May 1941 is made in table 9 for 13 metropolitan areas, each of which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas but having a population of 100,000 or over are not included. Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning them have been prepared in a supplementary tabulation which is available on request. The figures represent reports from cooperating establishments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 6, with the exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries. Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more according to the 1930 Census of Population. TABLE 9.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April and May 1941, by Principal Metropolitan Areas Number of Metropolitan area New York L. Chicago2 Philadelphia 3.. Detroit Los Angeles *_. Cleveland St. Louis._ Baltimore Boston 5 Pittsburgh . San Francisco 6._ Buffalo Milwaukee.. establishments May 1941 "VTIIYTI Hoi* /"&"n IN urn Der on p a y roll JVLay ly4l 13,480 4,379 2,400 1,146 2,876 796, 781 537,482 275, 729 398, 648 243, 329 1,311 1,370 1,126 2,680 1,251 165, 332 156,015 151, 545 219, 788 246, 754 1,738 107,310 114,384 132,848 801 979 Percentage Amount of Percentage change pay roll change from from (1 week) April 1941 May 1941 April 1941 -0.3 $24,837, 036 +2.6 17,025, 228 8, 604, 633 +1.8 +.9 16, 405, 519 7,945,452 +2.4 5, 797,062 +.8 +1.7 4, 241,534 +3.1 4,650,927 6,430,905 +1.2 +6.8 9,086, 333 +3.5 3, 543, 735 +2.1 3,842, 737 4,357,640 +3.0 +3.3 +6.2 +8.1 +17.9 +3.9 +6.4 +3.6 +8.3 +3.9 +12.2 +5.2 +8.8 +6.1 1 2 3 4 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., or Yonkers, N. Y. Does not include Gary, Ind. Does not include Camden, N. J. Does not include Long Beach, Calif. « Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, or Somerville, Mass. 8 Does not include Oakland, Calif. WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIES The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending May 15, 1941, as shown by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau. 31 As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry, and furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. TABLE 10.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending May 15, 1941 J 2 Establishments Group and industry- All manufacturing. Total number covered Number reporting increases Average percentage change in wage rates Number of emhaving ployees increases having increases Employees Total number covered 33,791 19,26 7,104, 962 720,956 Iron and steel group Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets Cast-iron pipe Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools Forgings, iron and steeL. Hardware Plumbers' supplies Stamped and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings.. Stoves Structural and ornamental metalwork. Tin cans and other tinware Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws). Wirework Metal doors and shutters.. Screw-machine products Wire not made in rolling mills-. 2,550 339 64 69 255 60 10 9 1,025,192 546,417 17,941 19, 327 11.4 10.2 8.1 9.7 115 98 158 112 238 4 11 6 12 22 14,759 18, 304 53,420 29, 015 51, 090 106,048 44, 576 3,202 5,505 861 2,570 4,055 1,803 5,411 107 247 301 134 14 22 18 10 39,573 42,563 34, 529 32, 327 4,214 3,237 9,057 3,191 7.7 8.3 13.7 8.6 131 164 21 78 44 10 16 4 7 9 19, 367 28,072 4,092 14,578 17, 316 1,774 5,787 1,435 1,285 2,879 7.4 10.9 8.3 11.7 11.2 Machinery group Agricultural implements (including tractors).. Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.. Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmill; Foundry and machine-shop products.. Machine tools _ Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts.. Pumps Sewing machines 3,867 2,285 203 72 127 109 9 324 17 62 8 177 18 6 15 7 3 1,144,467 69, 930 322, 906 78, 497 363,149 92,054 50, 817 23,123 24, 375 9,365 201,279 31, 750 90,182 18, 747 33,198 6,297 5,773 5, 304 1, 231 6, 257 9.1 5.6 11.0 6.2 9.1 7.0 8.3 10.0 8.8 773 96 400 74 160 36 7 10 7 8 861, 752 170,973 469,162 42,160 156, 012 17,163 8,544 3,093 2,823 1,846 7.0 4.3 9.7 10.5 9.7 Nonferrous group Aluminum manufactures. Brass, bronze, and copper products Lighting equipment _.. Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. Sheet-metal work Smelting and refining of scrap metal 1,091 76 5 37 6 10 6 5 245, 228 18, 643 96, 333 14, 383 30,027 7,197 3,237 35, 566 8,613 10, 453 475 11, 386 306 952 8.3 9.9 8.0 4.9 8.0 9.1 8.4 Lumber group Furniture _.. Lumber: Millwork... _._ Sawmills Wooden boxes, other than cigar_ See footnotes a t end of table. 2,646 722 177 28 346, 887 109,104 41,120 5,186 573 785 135 22 109 6 38, 961 142, 479 14,153 3,063 29, 468 7.6 [7.1 6.6 7.5 10.1 Transportation group p Aircraft Automobiles Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.. Shipbuilding. _ 110 596 68 44 336 94 53 129 27 8.2 12.3 6.6 10.3 9.3 32 TABLE 10.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending May 15, 1941 * 2—Continued Establishments Group and industry- Total number covered Average percentage change in wage rates Number of emhaving ployees increases having increases Employees Number reporting increases Total number covered Stone group Brick, tile, and terra cotta_. Cement Glass Marble, granite, slate, and other products. Pottery Asbestos products Concrete products— Gypsum 1,615 542 134 151 252 134 21 98 26 157 61 52 4 13 9 3 3 6 226, 398 46,335 22, 857 70, 416 6,362 33, 359 9,766 2,633 3,291 27,232 12, 015 9,298 1,213 488 1,098 666 199 1,142 10.0 11.3 10.3 Textiles and their productsFabrics group Carpets and rugs.. Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing and finishing textiles. Hats, fur-felt.. Hosiery Knitted underwear. _ _ Knitted cloth Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goodsTextile bags Cordage and twine. Gloves Wearing apparel group. Clothing, men's Clothing, women's. . Shirts and collars 6,600 3,569 33 815 130 211 36 315 136 75 408 418 54 57 38 3,031 1,165 1,209 269 324 289 4 18 7 9 3 3 3 4 17 182 5 5 9 35 26 5 3 1, 392, 612 1, 050, 994 28, 415 425,067 14, 898 59, 205 6,403 99, 947 40, 233 7,369 78, 656 168,737 6,562 12, 230 6,503 341,618 153, 270 94, 269 57, 302 120, 601 115, 291 5,081 7,718 890 1,312 673 1,155 570 535 1,588 87, 845 640 1,029 1,681 5,310 3,603 439 1,247 9.2 9.2 5.6 8.9 7.7 8.4 Leather group Boots and shoes_. Leather Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.. 1,085 508 181 130 60 25 27 3 242, 830 170,017 39, 273 10, 559 15, 763 9, 451 4, 959 557 5.7 5.6 5.6 6.8 Food group. Baking Beverages Butter Confectionery. Ice cream Slaughtering and meat packingCanning and preserving Condensed and evaporated milkFeeds, prepared. _. 5,425 1,054 623 319 288 270 343 1,034 111 101 193 13 21 3 10 4 66 28 7 6 463,486 83. 825 42, 486 6,146 35,102 10, 383 120,639 62, 381 6,860 3,802 63, 243 651 1,034 184 2,938 149 52. 625 1,578 239 215 8.1 9.5 6.9 8.6 8.2 7.6 8.1 231 188 3 3 70,452 59,374 637 637 9.6 9.6 4,058 670 450 105 17 42 405,324 47, 662 143, 216 18, 536 1,269 12, 564 10.4 1,632 733 62 139 19 10 10 5 85, 343 64,180 7,010 21,979 1,387 621 2,006 209 12.6 2,303 239 92 34 319 531 182 30 87 23 20 154 34 3 16 7 27 23 3 12 4 3 347, 171 73, 687 13, 060 8,009 16, 639 25, 967 73, 241 51, 305 17, 042 509 7,426 56,157 20, 540 118 6,597 1,100 2,022 9,585 5,481 5,001 116 634 7.4 7.1 4.0 8.5 Tobacco group Cigars and cigarettes.. Paper group Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: Book and job Newspapers and periodicals.. Envelopes Paper goods, not elsewhere classified.. Chemical group. Chemicals D ruggists' preparations -. Explosives... Fertilizers Paints and varnishes.. Petroleum refining Rayon and allied products. _ Soap Grease and tallow Coke-oven products.. See footnotes at end of table. 5.6 3.9 7.6 8.1 9.2 7.1 11.5 5.2 6.4 7.1 8.6 9.6 6.7 8.0 6.0 8.4 9.8 8.3 4.5 10.5 9.8 7.7 7.9 7.0 3.9 10.0 8.6 11.2 8.3 5.3 5.2 9.0 8.0 16.5 TABLE 10.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending May 15, 1941 1 2—Continued Establishments Group and industry Total number covered Rubber group Rubber goods, other. Miscellaneous _ _. Instruments—professional, scientific, and commercial _ _ Mattresses and bedsprings.. Photographic apparatus Surgical and orthopedic appliances .. Fabricated plastic and wood-pulp products. .. All nonmanufacturing (except building construction) Anthracite mining Bituminous-coal mining.. Metalliferous mining . . . Quarrying and nonmetallic mining. Crude-petroleum production _ Natural gas Electric light and power Street railways and busses.. Wholesale trade. Retail trade. Hotels Laundries D yeing and cleaning _. Insurance _ Average percentage change in wage rates Number of emhaving ployees increases having increases Employees Number reporting increases Total number covered 260 208 8 6 135,971 51, 360 3,546 1,953 1,287 54 197,192 14, 065 63 190 46 48 73 5 3 3 4 9 23, 526 11, 662 6,624 8,987 19,150 1,841 202 392 2,528 2,017 *94,110 *90 *1,110 *390 *1,120 *480 *660 *2, 870 *350 *15,140 *53, 840 *2, 020 *1, 340 *890 *2, 700 1,844 44 *3,064, 500 *58, 500 *254, 900 *72,900 *38, 800 *39,300 *25,000 *249,100 *130, 600 *347, 200 *1,100,400 *151, 600 *85, 200 *20, 200 *125, 400 349,121 27 39 25 52 37 31 402 645 8 7 5 32 58, 500 6,327 2,593 2,754 2, 510 5,275 5,415 5,147 3,488 270 364 50 806 7.8 7.8 8.2 8.8 11.6 6.4 5.4 10.5 15.6 7.5 8.1 10.0 5.1 9.9 5.0 4.6 6.8 7. 7 11.1 9.8 9.3 2.9 1 Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. They are, however, included where practicable in "all manufacturing," in "all nonmanufacturing," and in the various industry groups. 2 No decreases reported. 3 It is estimated that nearly 400,000 bituminous-coal miners received wage-rate increases averaging approximately 18 percent. *Approximate—based on previous month's sample. Public Employment Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment financed from both regular and emergency appropriations. EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of the Federal Government in April and May 1941 are given in table 11. 34 T A B L E 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls, for the Executive Service of the United Government, May 1941 1 States [Subject to revision] Employment Class Entire service: Total Regular appropriation E mergency appropriation Force-account- ___ Percentage change April 1941 May 1941 Outside District of Columbia: TotaL 1,129,005 1,078,407 Regular appropriation 955, 709 905, 449 E mer gency appropriation 39, 585 39,991 Force-account133, 711 132,967 1 April 1941 Percentage change 6; 578,430 21,634,412 6, 513, 579 21, 325,132 +4.8 +5.4 +.1 +1.5 +2.6 30, 268,124 27,316,671 +3.0 1, 210,124 +1.1 1, 741,329 g g +4.7 168,114,265 +5.6 142,852,876 29, 426, 672 26,432,190 1,184,746 1, 809,736 +2.9 +3.3 +2.1 -3.8 159,786,792 134, 942, 563 5, 328, 833 19, 515, 396 +5.2 +5.9 +.7 +1.9 +'.3 172,876 156,071 7,656 9,149 177, 328 160,794 7,741 8,793 M a y 1941 +4.4 $198, 382,389 $189,213,464 +5.2 170.169, 547 161, 374, 753 1,306,333 1,251, 283 1,116, 503 1,061, 520 47,326 47, 647 142,504 142,116 Inside District of Columbia: Total.. Regular appropriation E mergency appropriation Force-account- __ P a y rolls -1.0 +.6 5,368,306 19,893,083 Data relate to the last pay period of the month. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCEDBY^THE PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during May on construction projects financed from Public Works Administration funds are given in table 12, by type of project. TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, May 1941 1 [Subject to revision] Employment Type of project All programs.. Maximum 2 Weekly average 10,209 8,862 Monthly pay rolls Manhours worked during month $1,219,777 1,263, 636 Value of Average material earnings orders per hour placed during month $0.965 $2,468,053 Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds All projects. Building construction Public roads 4 Reclamation Miscellaneous.-... See footnotes at end of table. 3 169 156 $15,810 25,143 $0.629 $20,226 41 32 86 36 2 4,472 5,561 5,722 55 3,342 13, 533 8,228 40 1.338 .411 .695 1.375 5,852 11,000 885 2,489 (6) 40 2 35 TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, May 1941 1—Continued Employment Type of project Maximum 2 Weekly average Monthly pay rolls Manhours worked during month Value of Average material earnings orders per hour placed during m o n t h Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriation Act 1938 funds All projects.. Airport construction (exclusive of buildings) Building construction.. Reclamation River, harbor, and flood control ._ Professional, technical, and clerical-. _ Miscellaneous- 1,533 1,368 $188,098 226,451 $0.831 $273,391 244 267 909 100 2 11 244 237 794 82 2 9 26,616 36, 246 119,087 4,641 232 1,276 42, 708 32, 265 143, 724 5,845 340 1,569 .623 1.123 .829 .794 .682 .813 28,833 156,203 85,165 790 0 2,400 Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds All projects , 67 56 $6,985 6,839 $1. 021 $9,693 Building construction-. Miscellaneous _ 49 18 39 17 4,573 2,412 4,427 2,412 1.033 1.000 9,693 0 Non-Federal projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds All projects 3,354 3,035 $374, 798 497,712 $0. 753 $963,351 Building construction-. Electrification Heavy engineering Water and sewerage-. 49 202 3,016 87 39 151 2,792 53 3,132 12,453 356,487 2,726 2,540 14, 706 475,031 5,435 1.233 .847 .750 .502 39,894 59,121 828,575 35, 761 Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriations Act 1938 funds All projects-. 5,086 4,247 $634,086 50,491 $1. 249 $1, 201,392 Building construction E lectr ification Heavy engineering Streets and roads Water and sewerage _ 1,635 194 1,868 392 997 1,320 158 1,597 308 864 213,422 39,651 237,862 29, 530 113,621 142, 370 26,129 205,869 29,100 104,023 1.499 1.517 1.155 1.015 1.092 544, 711 27,599 441,331 95, 560 92,191 1 2 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes weekly average for public roads. 4 Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. 5 Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY Table 13 shows data concerning employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in May 1941 on low-rent projects of the United States Housing Authority. 36 TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-rent Housing Projects Sponsored by the United States Housing Authority, May 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Geographic division Monthly pay rolls Man-hours Average worked earnings during per hour month Value of material orders placed. during month Maximum Weekly average All divisions.- 41, 576 35,171 $4, 505, 728 4, 664, 209 $0. 966 $6,208, 613 New England Middle Atlantic East North CentralWest North Central. South Atlantic.. 3,974 5,670 6,896 214 11,410 3,460 4,785 5,848 173 9,656 454, 436 826,451 899,478 19, 292 1,110,290 433,498 629, 873 769, 690 20, 847 1, 334, 723 1.048 1.312 1.169 .925 .832 726, 778 992,873 1, 248, 696 29,467 1, 523, 753 3, 549 5,966 438 2, 234 1,225 2,858 5,125 380 1,795 1,091 286, 334 526,158 47, 065 295,133 41,091 .771 .822 1.050 1.189 .241 335, 465 987, 111 39,171 293, 394 31, 905 East South Central-. West South Central_ MountainPacific. __ . _... Outside continental United States.. 371, 640, 44, 248, 170, 555 316 805 236 666 WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in May on projects financed by the Work Projects Administration is shown in table 14, by type of project. TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects Administration, May 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Type of project Maximum number em-l ployed Weekly average Monthly pay-rol] disbursements Number of man-hours worked during month Value of Average material orders earnings placed per hour during month Projects operated by Work Projects Administration 2 _ 1,446,994 All projects _ $86,527,291 190,895,422 $0,453 Projects operated by other Federal agencies All projects. Airport construction (exclusive of buildings)* .. Building construction .. Forestry 5 Grade-crossing elimination 4_ Hydroelectric power plants Plant, crop, and livestock conservation Professional, 5technical, and clerical Public roads _. Reclamation River, harbor, andfloodcontrol Streets and roads Water and sewerage, Miscellaneous.. 54,174 52, 212 $2, 711, 234 6,263,822 $0. 433 $697,909 15,866 1,339,329 314,494 15,618 57, 284 29, 464 3,070,123 807,201 23,293 206,180 .538 .436 .390 .671 .278 40, 713 332,600 50,075 24,853 109, 227 279, 397 192, 266 11, 219 451,416 1,973 20,970 4,736 6,666 603,481 322,668 21,553 1,070, 565 3,441 60,773 17,920 27,160 .463 .596 .521 .422 .573 .345 .264 .245 45,123 4.040 14,751 36, 519 0 38,224 1,494 290 204 200 26,104 7,779 24,856 7,691 1,254 1,228 5,694 2,802 5,627 2,735 8,944 8,677 197 217 41 542 171 225 149 155 31 500 142 221 1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Data are for the calendar month; will be published by type of project in June pamphlet. 3 Data on a monthly basis are not available. 4 Includes projects under construction in Puerto Rico. 6 Projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. 37 Data on employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in May on each type of project operated by the Work Projects Administration were not available when this report was prepared. The figures for April are presented in table 15. TABLE 15.—Average Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operatedby the Work Projects Administration, by Type of Project, April 1941 [Subject to revision] Pay-roll disbursements Employment ] Type of project Average Man-hours earnworked ings per hour 1, 566, 325 $92, 325, 962 205,148, 616 All projects- $0.450 Conservation _ Highways, roads, and streets Community service programs, excluding sewing_. Public buildings 2 Publicly owned or operated utilities.. 39, 223 567,953 323,199 144, 341 161, 599 2, 304, 355 30,173, 534 20, 698,176 9,418, 295 10, 364, 634 5, 208, 697 73,040, 327 42, 038, 396 19, 420, 710 22, 227, 555 .442 .413 .492 .485 .466 Recreational facilities 3 -. Sanitation.... Sewing Airports and airways ..- . Not elsewhere classified—Total National defense vocational training.. Other, 61,188 17, 258 105,118 70, 602 75, 844 33, 483 42, 361 3, 700, 457 923, 818 5, 551, 981 4, 058, 529 5,132,183 1, 860, 641 3, 271, 542 7, 493, 062 2, 247, 380 13, 668, 735 9, 772,944 10, 030, 810 4,111,977 5, 918, 833 .494 .411 .406 .415 .512 .452 .553 Separate data for housing projects are not available E l i f bildi NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION Employment and pay rolls on the National Youth Administration projects for April and May 1941 are shown in table 16. TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects, May and April 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment P a y rolls Type of project May TotaL. Student work program Out-of-school work program .- April May April 863,458 905, 721 $11,609, 269 $11,856,161 463,978 399, 480 480, 419 425, 302 3, 400,476 8, 208,793 3, 369,480 8,486, 681 38 CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in April and May 1941 are presented in table 17. TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, May 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Pay rolls Group May 1941 April 1941 Allgroups-.. 261,357 266,645 $12,242, 703 $12,339,002 Enrolled personnel 2 Nurses 3 Educational advisers 3^__ __ Supervisory and technical 3 _ 225,957 124 1,518 33, 758 231,762 123 1,515 33,245 7,036,039 16,011 261,915 4,928, 738 7, 216,419 17, 249 261,339 4, 843, 995 ...... May 1941 April 1941 1 Employment figure is an average of counts of enrolled personnel taken at 10-day intervals, and number employed on last day of month for other groups. 2 May data include 3,080 enrollees and pay roll of $62,007 outside continental United States; in April the corresponding figures were 3,409 enrollees and pay roll of $67,128. 3 Included in executive service, table 11. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in May are presented in table 18, by type of project. TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, May 1941 l [Subject to revision] Type of project All projects.. Building construction 3 Streets and roads Water and sewerage.. Heavy engineering Man-hours worked during month Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month Employment 2 Monthly pay rolls 9,258 $1,261,547 1,066,024 $1.183 $3,113,560 8,533 409 179 137 1, 205,956 8,212 27,510 19, 869 1,005, 440 12, 503 32,842 15, 239 1.199 .657 .838 1.304 3,066,343 672 40,177 6,368 1 2 3 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor. Includes 348 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $70,313; 55,207 man-hours worked; and material orders placed of $1,159 on projects financed by RFC Mortgage Co. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL APPROPRIATIONS Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations during May 1941 are given in table 19, by type of project. 1 39 TABLE 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, May 1941 x [Subject to revision] Employment Type of project Maximum 2 All projects.. 3 809,402 Airport construction Building construction: Residential Nonresidential-. Electrification: Rural electrification administration projects 4-._ ...... Other than R. E. A. projects.. .. Forestry Heavy engineering.. Public roads 5 Reclamation River, harbor and flood control: Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc. Locks and dams-. Ship construction: Naval vessels. Other than naval vessels Streets and roads Water and sewerage. Miscellaneous- Weekly Monthly pay rolls average Man-hours Average Value of material worked earnings orders during per hour placed durmonth ing month 748,115 $107, 643,982 122, 545, 796 $0. 878 $189,650,571 47,497 42, 933 6,436, 588 6, 739,018 .955 10, 592,823 66,337 328,813 60,783 292, 679 6, 637,069 46,305, 732 7,848,834 48,160,078 .846 .961 7, 645, 363 70,297, 339 10,659 755 1 6,678 (6) 28, 542 8,870 632 1 6,678 70,832 27,422 591, 955 77,604 150 432, 783 7, 389, 632 4, 358, 599 1,133,247 78,967 176 803, 248 11,051, 300 4, 712, 661 .522 .983 .852 .539 669 .925 2, 621,174 538,405 721,138 7,874,450 5,604,346 28, 779 6,580 25,147 6,075 2, 969, 997 885, 584 4,170, 964 1,057, 921 .712 .837 3,821, 099 1,118,901 145,879 47,115 2,814 1,935 16,186 141,899 44,002 2,503 1,822 15, 837 24, 816, 641 5, 652, 945 236,160 233, 659 618,884 27,652, 719 6, 340,648 333,043 391, 301 2,071, 671 .897 .892 .709 .597 .299 62, 860, 697 13, 793, 298 426, 278 623,097 1,112,163 1 2 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes weekly average for public-road projects. 4 Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans. 5 Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. 6 Not available; weekly average included in the total for all projects. STATE-ROADS PROJECTS A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements on the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or local funds in May 1941, compared with April 1941, and May 1940, is presented in table 20. TABLE 20.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads, May 1941, April 1941, and May 1940 l [Subject to revision] Employment 2 P a y rolls Item M a y 1941 April 1941 M a y 1940 174,655 $14,671,221 $11,811,753 $12, 920,046 48,463 126,192 3, 837, 660 10,833, 561 2, 528, 657 9, 283, 096 3, 071, 048 9,848,998 M a y 1941 April 1941 M a y 1940 Total . 174,159 145, 520 New roads Maintenance 55,214 118, 945 34, 608 110, 912 1 Projects financed wholly from State or local funds. ? Ayerage number working during month. O
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