Full text of Employment and Payrolls : May 1939
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Serial No. R. 958 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner •»»####+++##»#+#++»»#+»##+#+#+#++++##+###»#* EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Prepared by DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Lewis E. Talbert, Chief and DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT Herman B. Byer, Chief MAY 1939 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON * 1939 CONTENTS Page Summary of employment reports for May 1939: Total nonagricultural employment Industrial and business employment Public employment Detailed tables for May 1939: Industrial and business employment Public employment 1 1 5 7 23 Tables SUMMARY TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings, May 1939 TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, May 1939 5 7 INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT TABLE 3.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, May 1939 TABLE 4.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, March through May 1939 TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, May 1938 through May 1939. _ TABLE 6.—Geographic divisions and States—comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical establishments in April and May 1939 TABLE 7.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical establishments in April and May 1939 8 13 18 21 23 PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT TABLE 8.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment and pay rolls in A pril and May 1939 TABLE 9.—Construction projects financed b\ r Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1939., by type of project TABLE 10.—Housing projects of the U. S. Housing Authority—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1939, by geographic division TABLE 11.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1939, by type of project. _ (HI) 24 24 28 29 IV Page 12.—National Youth Administration work projects and Student Aid financed by The Works Program—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of the program TABLE 13.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls, April and May 1939 TABLE 14.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1939, by type of project TABLE 15.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, May 1939, by type of project TABLE 16.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment and pay-roll disbursements, May 1939, April 1939, and May 1938 TABLE 30 31 31 32 32 Employment and Pay Rolls SUMMARY FOR MAY 1939 Total Nonagricultural Employment APPROXIMATELY 180,000 more workers were employed in nonagricultural industries in May than in April. This increase was due largely to the return of approximately 100,000 bituminous-coal miners to jobs between mid-April and mid-May following the settlement of wage agreements and, in smaller measure, to employment gains in construction, public utilities, retail trade, and steam railroads. The increase since May of last year was 680,000 workers. These figures do not include emergency employment which decreased approximately 142,000 in May. There were decreases of 161,000 on projects operated by the Works Progress Administrationr 3,000 on work projects of the National Youth Administration, and an increase of 22,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps, making a net decrease of 142,000. Industrial and Business Employment Employment increases from April to May were reported for 35 of the 87 manufacturing industries and 13 of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Payroll gains were shown by 47 of the manufacturing and 14 of the nonmanufacturing industries. There was a reduction since April of 80,000 workers or 1.2 percent in the number employed in manufacturing industries. Corresponding weekly wage disbursements were nearly $1,000,000, or 0.6 percent less. The typical seasonal decline in factory employment between April and May is 0.8 percent while factory pay rolls ordinarily rise 0.2 percent. The greater-than-seasonal decline in factory employment in May is attributable in part to the recession in automobile employment, in which labor difficulties reduced operations in some localities, and to the employment losses in the shoe, women's clothing, and cotton-goods industries, in which the decreases were somewhat (1) more pronounced than usual. The May employment index (90.1 percent of the 1923-25 average) was 8.0 percent higher than the corresponding index of last year, while the pay-roll index (84.4) was 15.8 percent higher. The durable-goods group of industries as a whole showed an employment decline of 1.0 percent from April to May, while the nondurablegoods group reported a curtailment of 1.2 percent. Corresponding pay-roll declines were 0.9 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively. Compared with May of last year, employment in the durable-goods group showed a gain of 11.1 percent and pay rolls, a gain of 23.8 percent. In the nondurable-goods industries, the gains over the year interval were 5.7 percent and 8.8 percent, respectively. Among the manufacturing industries showing larger than seasonal or contraseasonal gains in employment were aircraft (9.8 percent, or 2,900 workers), woolen and worsted goods (8.7 percent, or 10,700 workers), shipbuilding (5.1 percent, or 3,100 workers), meat packing (3.9 percent, or 4,600 workers), sawmills (3.7 percent, or 9,100 workers), and baking (2.4 percent, or 5,500 workers). Substantial increases of approximately seasonal proportions were shown in ice cream (14.9 percent, or 2,600 workers), butter (6.1 percent, or 1,100 workers), and beverages (4.5 percent, or 2,900 workers). Seasonal declines were shown in establishments manufacturing fertilizers (29.9 percent, or 9,000 workers) and men's clothing (6.8 percent, or 12,900 workers). Larger-than-seasonal reductions were shown by factories manufacturing automobiles (8.3 percent, or 34,200 workers), shoes (8.6 percent, or 17,200 workers), women's clothing (6.6 percent, or 14,600 workers), cotton goods (1.8 percent, or 6,600 workers), steel (1.0 percent, or 4,100 workers), agricultural implements (5.1 percent, or 2,800 workers), and hardware (5.7 percent, or 2,400 workers). Reports from a number of firms indicated that plant operations were curtailed during the May 15 pay period because of a coal shortage. The unbroken expansion in employment and pay rolls in aircraft factories which began in the fall of 1938 continued in May, bringing the index to a new high. Employment in this industry in May was more than double the number employed in 1929. Shipbuilding employment, which has climbed each month since last August, reached a level of 118.0 percent of the 1923-25 average in May, which was above that recorded in any month since 1923, with the exception of April 1937. Machine-tool employment which likewise has risen each month since last August, reached the highest level since March of last year. Other industries for which the May employment indexes were at the highest levels since the latter months of 1937 were cast-iron pipe, engines, textile machinery, marble-granite-slate, corsets and allied garments, paper and pulp, and paints and varnishes. Employment in retail trade increased 0.3 percent between April and May, while pay rolls also rose 0.3 percent. These increases indicate the addition of 8,500 employees and a gain of $167,000 in weekly wages. Eliminating the effect of Easter trade, which affects the March and April levels according to the date of Easter, the current May figure, compared with February, shows a larger percentage gain in employment than the average gain over these months for the preceding 10 years. The May 1939 employment index (85.7 percent of the 1929 average) was 2.3 percent higher than for May of last year, and the pay-roll index (71.5) was up by 2.1 percent. Among the more important retail groups showing employment gains over the month interval were food, automotive, general merchandise, furniture, hardware, and lumber and building material. Wholesale trade establishments reported a seasonal employment decline of 0.3 percent, or 3,200 workers, but a pay-roll increase of 0.1 percent. Among the wholesale lines reporting fewer employees were dry goods and apparel, farm supplies, groceries and food, metals and minerals, and machinery, equipment, and supplies. The following wholesale lines showed gains in employment: Automotive, food products, hardware, paper and paper products, petroleum products, and lumber and building materials. Employment in bituminous-coal mining increased 85.4 percent, and pay rolls by 15.7 percent. The mines affected by the shut-down pending the settlement of wage agreements did not generally resume operations until after May 15. As the pay-roll period for which reports are usually received by the Bureau of Labor Statistics is the one ending nearest May 15, the full effect of the resumption of operations is not reflected in the data on which this report is based. Anthracite mining showed an employment decrease of 0.8 percent, but a pay-roll gain of 31.3 percent. The increase in pay rolls reflected increased production resulting from the greater demand for anthracite during the shut-down of the bituminous mines. Metal mines reported a contraseasonal gain of 0.4 percent in employment. Crude petroleum showed a seasonal increase of 0.3 percent, and quarrying and nonmetallic mining a seasonal advance of 6.1 percent. Telephone and telegraph companies had 2.0 percent more employees on their rolls. Light and power companies reported 0.9 percent more workers, and electric railroads increased their forces by 0.6 percent. Employment in laundries and dyeing and cleaning establishments increased seasonally by 2.2 percent and 4.7 percent, respectively, and hotel employment gained 0.8 percent. Brokerage firms reduced their forces 1.4 percent and insurance firms reported a gain of 0.3 percent. Employment in private building construction increased 6.7 percent, according to reports from 14,441 contractors employing 133,648 workers in May. Corresponding pay rolls were up 11.9 percent. The marked advances in employment reported in the New England, the East North Central, and the West North Central States in April were continued in May with increases of 19.4 percent, 15.9 percent, and 16.6 percent, respectively. Gains of 6.9 percent and 5.6 percent, respectively, were shown for the West South Central and Mountain States. Employment in the East South Central and South Atlantic States increased by 2.6 percent and 2.8 percent, respectively. In the Pacific States there was an increase of 1.4 percent. In the Middle Atlantic States, however, there was a 2.5 percent decrease, due largely to a 6.3 percent recession in New York. The reports on which the figures are based do not cover construction projects financed by the W. P. A., the P. W. A., and the R. F. C , or by regular appropriations of the Federal, State, or local governments. A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission showed a gain since April of 0.8 percent or 7,228 persons in the number employed by class I railroads. The total number employed in May was 957,580. Corresponding pay-roll figures were not available when this report was prepared. For April they were $144,962,740 as against $153,890,102 for March, a decrease of 5.8 percent. Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by wage earners in manufacturing industries were 36.7 in May, a gain of 0.7 percent since April. The average hourly earnings of these workers were 64.9 cents, a decrease of less than #o of 1 percent as compared with the preceding month. Average weekly earnings rose 0.6 percent to $23.90. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data are available, 9 showed increases in average hours worked per week, and 5 showed gains in average hourly earnings. Fourteen of the sixteen nonmanufacturing industries surveyed reported higher average weekly earnings. Employment and pay-roll indexes, and average weekly earnings in May 1939 for all manufacturing industries combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, and for class I railroads, with percentage changes over the month and year intervals are presented in table 1. TABLE 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1939 Industry Index May 1939 Percentage change from— April 1939 May 1938 (1923- All manufacturing industries 25=100) combined * 90.1 - 1 . 2 Class I steam railroads 2 _ Coal mining: Anthracite *4 Bituminous _ Metalliferous mining Quarrying and nonmetallic mining . Crude-petroleum producing Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph... Electric light and power and manufactured gas__. Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance__ Trade: Wholesale Retail General merchandising Other than general merchandising Hotels (year-round) *? Laundries 4 _ _ Dyeing and cleaning * Brokerage- __ ___ Insurance Building construction . _. _ . 53.6 +.8 (1929= 100) 52.6 -.8 47.9 +85.4 61.7 +.4 +8.0 +5.7 -.4 -41.7 +4.9 Index May 1939 (1929= 100) 57.0 20.4 53.7 +4.4 91.1 69.5 +.6 -1.6 70.1 87.1 85.7 96.8 -.3 -.3 74.9 71.5 86.7 75.6 82.8 94.0 95.5 107.0 +.3 +.4 +.8 +2.2 +4.7 -1.4 +.3 +6.7 -9.8 39.7 61.2 +.8 94.2 -.7 98.9 +2.3 +4.7 +1.5 +.3 -.7 -2.7 -2.8 +.9 +4.3 Percentage change from— April 1939 (192325=100) 84.4 - 0 . 6 +6.1 +.3 +2.0 +.9 45.6 66.0 Average weekly earnings Pay roll Employment 68.3 82.3 83.9 83.0 May 1938 +15.8 +31.3 +49.0 +15.7 - 6 3 . 1 +2.0 +4.9 +10.6 +3.6 +.6 -8.2 +2.2 +3.2 +2.0 +1.5 Average in May 1939 Percentage change from— April 1939 +0.6 +7.2 35.84 +32.3 11.32 - 3 7 . 6 27.72 +1.7 +49.6 $23. 90 21.74 33.35 6 30. 61 6 34.03 +4.2 +.3 +.2 +1.1 -1.6 » 32. 79 +.1 +.3 +2.1 +.2 +2.7 +.4 +2.0 +.4 +2.2 +5.0 +3.7 +13.3 +2.9 -1.1 -.1 +.6 +2.9 +11.9 +13.4 6 29. 76 6 21.19 e 17. 90 +.1 +.4 0 +.3 6 23. 86 6 15. 00 18.07 21.12 • 36.08 6 36. 82 31.40 +2.7 +8.1 +.3 +.3 +4.9 +.7 -.3 May 1938 0 -.4 -36.7 -.8 +1.8 +2.4 +2.2 0 2 -1.9 +.4 +1.9 +4.4 +5.7 +2.8 +1.9 +8.2 1 2 Revised indexes—adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission. 3 Not available. < Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of this pamphlet. « Less than Ho of 1 percent. e Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. 7 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. Public Employment During the month ending May 15, 1939, there were 273,600 men employed on projects financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration, an increase of 24,800 over the number at work in April, and 150,500 more than were employed on these projects in May 1938. Pay rolls for the month were $22,755,000. Employment on projects of the United States Housing Authority increased from 5,700 in April to 6,500 for the month ending May 15, and pay-roll disbursements from $689,000 in April to $783,000 in May. These figures cover new construction and demolition and pertain only to those projects started under the United States Housing Authority; those formerly under the Pulbic Works Administration are shown under the Public Works Administration building construction projects in this report. 163166—39 2 On construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations the number of men employed increased from 190,600 to 216,700. Substantial gains occurred on public-road projects, rural electrification, and dredging, dike and revetment projects, while moderate increases were reported on the following types of projects: Reclamation, ship construction, streets and roads, locks and dams, and nonresidential building construction. Pay rolls increased from $19,150,000 in April to $21,812,000 for the month ending May 15. There were over 2,300 men at work on projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation during the month ending May 15; pay-roll disbursements were $276,000. As a result of further curtailment of work-relief employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration, the number of persons employed declined from 2,629,000 in April to 2,468,000 in May. Compared with May 1938, the decrease in the number employed was 211,000. Pay rolls for May amounting to $140,088,000 were $6,300,000 less than in April and $2,178,000 more than in May 1938. There was an increase in employment on Federal projects under The Works Program and a slight decrease on work projects of the National Youth Administration. Data on employment and pay rolls for Student Aid in May will not be available until next month. There were 336,000 workers in camps of the Civilian Conservation Corps in May, 22,000 more than in April and 30,000 more than in May 1938. Of the total number in camps during this month, 297,500 were enrollees, 5,000 reserve officers, 300 nurses, 1,600 educational advisers, and 31,600 supervisory and technical employees. In the regular services of the Federal Government increases in employment were reported in the executive, legislative, military, and judicial services. Of the 903,000 employees in the executive service in May, 123,000 were working in the District of Columbia and 780,000 outside the District. Force-account employees (employees who are on the Federal pay roll and are engaged on construction projects) were 8.8 percent of the total number of employees in the executive service. Increases in employment were reported in administrative offices of the War and Navy Departments, in the Department of Agriculture, and in the Department of the Interior. A decrease was reported in the administrative offices of the Works Progress Administration. Employment on State-financed road projects increased 9,800 in May. Of the 132,000 at work, approximately 16,000 were engaged in the construction of new roads and 116,000 on maintenance work. Pay-roll disbursements for both types of road work were $9,766,000. A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll data for May 1939 is given in table 2. TABLE 2.—Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, April and May 1939 l [Preliminary figures] Employment Class May Federal Services: Executive 2 902,827 2,322 Judicial 5,336 Legislative Military 354, 612 Construction projects: Financed by P. W. A.4 273, 614 U. S. H. A. low-cost housing 6,473 Financed by R. F. C.s 2,336 Financed by regular Federal appropriations 216,716 Federal projects under The Works Program 147,925 Projects operated by W. P. A 2,468,158 National Youth Administration: 223,892 Work projects Student Aid .__. (8) 335,902 Civilian Conservation Corps April 3 885, 766 2,123 5,315 350, 610 Percentage change April May +1.9 $136,387,121 3 $133,426,857 503, 895 607,732 +9.4 1, 214, 714 1,219,849 +.4 26, 731,905 26,438,718 +1.1 +9.9 +13.9 +3.6 190, 581 +13.7 119, 692 +23.6 2, 629, 206 -6.1 248, 864 5,681 2,255 227,113 383, 344 314, 343 P a y rolls -1.4 +6.9 Percentage change +2.2 +20.6 +.4 -1.1 22, 754,996 782,965 275, 512 20,141,196 689,141 252, 382 +13.0 +13.6 +9.2 21,811, 566 19,150,441 +13.9 7,159, 718 140,088,103 5,658,478 146, 388,042 +26.5 -4.3 4, 271, 347 (6) 15,022,973 4, 332, 530 2,495, 400 14,169, 329 -1.4 "+676 1 2 Includes data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds. Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the extent of 113,003 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $14,257,035 for May 1939, aryi 107,824 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $13,628,527 for April 1939. 3 Revised. * Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Acts funds, Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 3936, and 1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under The Works Program. Includes 21,200 wage earners and $1,979,241 pay roll for May 1939; 22,497 wage earners and $2,031,383 pay roll for April 1939, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 245,167 wage earners and $19,970,789 pay roll for May 1939; 219,034 wage earners and $17,159,655 pay roll for April 1939, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. «Includes 713 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $66,632 for May 1939; 682 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $58,225 for April 1939 on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co. 6 May data not available. DETAILED TABLES FOR MAY 1939 Industrial and Business Employment MONTHLY reports on employment and pay rolls are available for the following groups: 87 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; and class I steam railroads. The reports for the first two of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The figures on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission and are presented in the foregoing summary. EMPLOYMENT, PAY ROLLS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in May 1939 are shown in table 3. Percentage changes from April 1939 and May 1938 are also given. TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries MANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1938. Comparable series available upon request] Industry Index May 1939 All manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods __ Percentage change from— April 1939 May 1938 90.1 -1.2 83.3 96.7 -1.0 -1.2 +8.0 +11.1 +5.7 Average weekly earnings l Pay rolls Employment Index May 1939 Percentage change from— April 1939 84.4 -0.6 79.5 89.9 -.9 -.4 May 1938 May 1939 +15.8 $23.90 +23.8 26.93 +8.8 21.11 Percentage change from— April 1939 May 1938 +0.6 +7.2 +11.4 +3.0 0 +.9 Average hours worked per week 1 Mav 1939 36.7 36.7 36.7 Percentage change from— Average hourly earnings 1 May 1939 (cents) Percentage change from— April 1939 May 1938 April 1939 May 1938 +0.7 +.7 +.7 (2) 64.9 ~( 3 ) (2) (2) 72.4 58.4 -0.3 8 +.3 Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery . 87.3 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.__ 91.3 89.0 Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets 67.9 Cast-iron pipe _ Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools 80.2 48.4 Forgings, iron and steel Hardware. _._ _ _ . 76.1 73.9 Plumbers' supplies 132.8 Stamped and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings 68.6 Stoves _ _ . _ . 82.3 67. 2 Structural and ornamental metalwork 89.1 Tin cans and other tinware Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws) _. 84.1 154.7 Wirework Machinery, not including transportation equipment- 94.9 Agricultural implements (including tractors) __ 117.5 Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines _ _ _ _ _ - _ 129.5 Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies- 85.9 GO +8.2 +6.5 +10.3 +7 3 78.5 80.2 81.8 63.6 +4.7 +13.0 +19.7 +.6 +2 9 -1.8 +8.4 -.4 +5.4 +1.6 +12.2 +.5 +12.7 +1.0 +1.7 - . 5 +12.4 - 2 . 9 +19.6 -.2 +5.8 - 5 . 1 -12.2 72.0 46.5 75.1 67.2 128.2 -7.5 +10.0 121.4 87.0 -1.1 -1.0 -1.1 +.7 -5.3 -.6 -5.7 -.3 -.3 56.7 68.4 59.1 96.8 80.9 153.3 94.9 126.0 +25.2 +27.4 +25.8 +25.7 26.16 27.43 23.46 22.32 +16.7 +41.1 +3.9 +14.0 -2.7 +17.6 +1.2 +19.4 - . 1 +17.0 —.6 +21.1 +3.0 +5.4 - . 9 +26.4 - 5 . 9 +34.0 +1.3 +17.7 -6.6 -8.2 +1.3 -.4 +1.5 +27.1 22.65 28.17 23.87 25.81 23.19 -2.0 -3.2 -.2 +8.6 -3.0 +.1 +45.9 -2.1 -.9 -2.2 +.9 +7.8 +2.4 +.7 +3.8 +3.3 +15.7 +19.6 +13.9 +17.1 34.9 32.8 33.7 38.2 38.1 36.7 36.7 35.7 37.3 38.2 38.4 24.92 24.77 27.71 23.66 +2.0 +11.6 +29.1 +17.8 +11.0 +8.4 +13.2 +4.3 +7.3 +3.2 23.83 23.91 27.86 29.56 ' -.4 -3.1 + 1.5 -1.6 +12.6 +12.0 +11.2 +4.6 38.8 35.9 38.3 37.7 30.29 28.11 +1.6 +1.8 +8.0 +15.5 37.3 37.8 -.9 +1.6 —1.7 —1.1 QO 2 37.1 -.6 -2.1 +.7 +8.0 +1.5 +4^4 +3.0 +.3 +1.4 -1.9 —.4 +.7 -.8 -2.2 +1.6 +1.6 +1.7 +19.3 +15.5 +18.2 75.3 83.6 69.6 58.1 +.1 +.2 2 +11.6 +24.8 +17.5 +10.0 + 10.3 +15.4 +4.6 +6.3 +1.8 +13.0 +12.0 +5.3 60.4 77.0 65.1 67.6 62.4 +1.2 +1.1 69.6 66.5 72.7 61.6 -.2 0 -.7 +7.3 +16.5 82.0 74.4 61.5 66.8 72.5 78.7 -.5 +.3 -1.3 +.8 +.2 -1.0 +0.2 -1.2 -1.6 +3.4 +.3 +.8 -1.4 -1.9 -. 1 +.9 +2.4 -.2 +.3 -.2 -.9 -1.1 +.2 +.1 —.4 Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills 98.0 Foundry and machine-shop products 84.6 Machine tools 133.6 Radios and phonographs 96.4 Textile machinery and parts 72.7 Typewriters and parts 126.0 Transportation equipment 90.3 Aircraft 1,183. 9 Automobiles 93.3 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad 33.7 Locomotives 22.4 Shipbuilding 118.0 Nonferrous metals and their products 92.4 Aluminum manufactures 152.2 Brass, bronze, and copper products 99.1 Clocks and watches and time-recording 82.2 devices . Jewelry 86.1 Lighting equipment 81.2 Silverware and plated ware 66.2 Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc-. 71.3 Lumber and allied products 65.3 Furniture 77.0 Lumber: 53.9 Millwork Sawmills 53.7 Stone, clay, and glass products 72.5 Brick, tile, and terra cotta 53.6 Cement 66.8 Glass 91.5 Marble, granite, slate, and other products 47.5 Pottery 80.7 +1.8 +.1 +1.9 +1.9 +1.0 -1.8 -5.1 +9.8 -8.3 +1.7 +17.2 +5.1 -1.2 -1.5 +.7 -1.8 -4.8 -2.7 -.1 -1.0 +1.6 -1.2 -.6 +3.7 -.3 -(3) +•4 -.5 +.5 -1.0 +8.8 117.2 +1.8 80.4 +4.5 +2.1 +7.9 149. 3 +6.0 84.1 +26.3 +4.1 71.8 +25.5 +.5 +9.0 128.5 - 4 . 3 87.6 -7.2 +32.4 +39.7 1,165. 2 +9.5 88.0 -11.6 +36.0 33.5 +18.6 +6.3 -17.5 19.6 +21.5 +19.9 127.6 +8.8 86.8 +13.0 +.9 +20.8 156.8 - 2 . 3 99.4 +13.5 +3.6 +4.2 81.8 -2.8 69.3 -2.6 +14.2 70.9 +19.5 +3.0 59.8 +11.7 +.7 66.6 +6.4 +.5 58.2 +7.0 +4.5 -.6 63.1 +9.9 +2.4 +10.6 45.0 50.3 +5.1 +8.7 63.7 +9.8 +1.8 40.4 +10.7 +2.0 63.6 +.1 +2.7 91.7 +13.3 +2.6 40.4 +9.3 +4.3 70.4 -2.4 +10.1 +20.6 +15.0 +34.2 +25.9 +45.6 +39.2 +47.2 +46.2 +54. 8 +26.4 -11.9 +24.4 +25.8 +31.8 +30.8 +26.9 +21.8 +37.3 +29.2 +5.0 + 15.2 +25.2 +14.1 +10.8 +10.4 +13.0 30.95 27.23 31.70 21.73 25.65 24.49 31.04 30.04 31.18 27.21 28.15 32. 29 25. 38 26.34 27.18 21. 03 22.46 24.63 24.80 26.29 20.73 19.86 +7.6 21.99 21.00 23.48 19.91 26.63 24.15 28.63 22.46 +17.3 +19.8 - 8 . 0 +56.5 - 1 . 3 +19.8 - 1 . 7 +20.6 - 2 . 7 +13.4 +15.5 +14.1 -2.8 +7.6 -5.0 +3.3 +5.0 +13.3 +1.4 +24.5 - 1 . 4 +13.7 -4.7 +.8 +16.5 +56.6 16.31 15.96 20.86 13.78 17.34 20.23 21.33 16.93 17.75 16.98 14.74 17.07 15.19 18.77 -3.2 +16.0 +13.9 +10.8 +9.7 +24.3 -.4 +17.0 +27. 6 +11.2 +4.7 +13.8 +6.5 +6.7 +5.2 +11.3 +9.2 +15.4 +21.3 +6.7 +15.6 +16.7 -1.4 +7.6 +13.2 +3.3 +5.4 +.6 +2.1 -3.2 +3.3 +4.3 39.5 38.3 42.4 36.9 38.7 37.1 34.9 41.2 33.5 36.7 36.6 38.9 37.7 38.7 38.5 +21.8 +6.7 +5.7 +18.3 +7.9 +3.2 +2.3 +10.8 +3.9 +.3 +2.7 +.6 +7.1 +6.6 +8.1 +4.4 +1.4 +13.0 34.8 35.5 32.9 35.7 37.3 37.5 30.9 34.9 34.1 37.0 36.2 36.6 35.1 35.7 _(3) +2.0 +4.1 +2.2 -.5 -2.5 -2.2 -.2 -3.5 +4.5 +3.7 +3.5 +2.1 -.8 +3.0 -1.0 +2.4 +5.8 +.8 +1.5 +2.9 +.5 +3.1 +4.8 +2.1 +2.0 +2.3 +3.1 +3.8 -1.4 -2.3 35.6 37.3 35.1 39.3 38.0 38.6 37.5 41.0 38.6 36.4 37.4 38.1 34.0 39.5 36.6 +10.1 +10.4 +21.6 +2.4 -.3 +16.7 - 3 . 7 +25.5 -1.8 (2) +.9 +2.9 - 3 . 8 +12.9 +5.9 +6.3 +3.9 +8.1 +3.4 +4.4 (2) +1.6 -.3 +10.3 +2.3 +15.3 - 1 . 6 +23.9 +1.4 +10.7 +5.5 +11.1 +.8 +14.9 8 +1.4 —3. (2) +2.4 +.5 +11.7 +3.2 +4.3 +3.3 +1.0 (2) +2.5 +2.7 +.6 +1.1 - 5 . 1 -.8 +2.5 +6.6 +.3 +.6 +2.3 +.5 +2.3 +3.6 +2.0 78.7 71.0 74.9 58.9 66.4 66.0 89.5 73.7 93.1 74.0 77.0 82.1 67.2 68.1 70.8 59.1 59.9 70.1 63.7 69.2 54.3 53.0 53.8 55.2 616 53.4 70.0 71.0 72.7 62.3 -.6 -.3 +.5 —. 1 -.2 +1.2 -.4 -1.3 +.3 -1.4 -.2 -1.0 +.5 -.5 +.6 +.7 +1.2 +.5 +.2 +.1 +1.0 -.2 _(3) +1.9 -.2 -.4 +1.2 +.5 -3.0 -1.0 +.7 +2!5 -2.6 -.8 +1.8 (2) +3.2 +.8 +.2 -1.3 -.8 (2) -1.2 -.1 -1.6 -2.3 +3.2 +1.3 +2.5 (2) -1.9 -.3 +5.5 (2) +2.9 +1.9 +3.2 +4.2 -2.9 Nondurable goods Textiles and their products Fabrics Carpets and rugs Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing and finishing textiles Hats, fur-felt Knit goods Hosiery Knitted outerwear Knitted underwear Knitted cloth Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods See footnotes at end of table. ._ 96.1 88.4 81.0 85.2 82.3 112.9 76.6 114.1 145.4 73.0 74.3 144.1 58.7 75.0 -2.5 -.5 -3.3 -1.8 -1.7 -1.3 -5.2 -.7 -1.2 +1.1 +1.1 -4.0 -5.2 +8.7 +10.0 +13.3 +28.3 +10.5 +16.9 +10.8 +3.0 +10.5 +10.1 +6.1 +15.1 +9.2 7 +38'. 6 77.8 74.3 65.0 72.2 74.8 94.4 64.3 109.3 146.6 66.7 65.6 110.8 46.5 60.9 -2.5 +.5 +.1 +1.0 -4.9 +.5 -.1 -1.4 -2.0 -3.9 -2.6 -6.3 +.5 +.4 -5.9 (2) (2) +23.0 +13.7 +4.5 +3.7 +23.3 +10.3 -1.6 +3.4 -3.4 +.5 +3.9 +6.8 +.5 +12.2 +1.5 +9.6 -.6 +2.4 +7.5 +16.6 _(3) -4.0 -1.3 47.7 45.9 63.3 38.6 47.2 53.4 70.0 49.4 52.4 46.1 40.7 46.1 42.9 52.6 -.6 +•4 +1.1 +.5 +3.7 -.3 -.4 -4.8 -.3 -1.5 -4.4 -3.8 -4.3 +.2 —.5 +1.1 +1.1 -2.7 -4.3 -1.1 -3.2 +.6 —.4 -.3 +.8 TABLE 3*—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued Employment Industry Nondurable goods—Continued Textiles and their products—Continued. Wearing apparel _• Clothing, men's Clothing, women's Corsets and allied garments Men's furnishings Millinery Shirts and collars leather and its manufactures Boots and shoes __ Leather Food and kindred products Baking Beverages-._ Butter Canning and preserving Confectionery Flour Icecream Slaughtering and meat packing Sugar, beet Sugar refining, cane Tobacco manufactures Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff Cigars and cigarettes Paper and printing Boxes, paper. _. Paper and pulp. Printin! * iting and' publishing: Book and job Newspapers and periodicals Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining ___ Petroleum refining Other than petroleum refining Chemicals Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal Index May 1939 112.2 96.7 159.7 106.8 127.3 70.2 118.0 87.0 86.4 82.0 116.8 145.4 246.4 101.4 92.9 70.6 77.0 87.1 95.4 48.2 81.0 62.8 59.5 63.2 106.0 100.1 106.7 99.8 106.8 111.6 117.0 110.3 114.5 64.9 Percentage change from— April 1939 May 1938 -5.7 -6.8 -6.6 +.7 -3.8 -9.6 -1.1 -7.4 -8.6 -3.0 +2.5 +2.4 +4.5 +6.1 +.1 -2.5 +2.2 +14.9 +3.9 +10.8 -13.8 +1.8 -1.8 +2.1 +.1 +4.7 +17.1 -3.6 +8.6 +1.0 -3.8 +5.3 +1.2 -1.5 +13.5 +2.8 +2.6 +1.8 -5.0 +8.8 +2.1 +4.1 -.3 +.3 -.2 +.3 -3.0 +.8 -3.8 -.4 -11.7 Average weekly earnings Pay roll!:> -.4 +3.8 +10.9 -11.0 -1.6 -2.6 -1.5 +2.5 +8.0 +3.7 +.5 +1.2 +2.6 -3.2 +4.2 +4.5 -6.1 Index May 1939 Percentage change from— April 1939 May -7.7 -10.3 -6.4 -1.6 -4.6 -17.9 +13.1 +39.0 +.6 +15.1 +7.4 -5.4 +17.9 +5.4 +.6 +19.2 +3.1 +2.8 +3.6 -5.9 +6.6 +8.5 +3.5 +1.8 +3.9 +7.9 -14.9 -1.4 May 1939 1938 Percentage change from— April 1939 May -2.0 -3.7 +•2 -2.2 +8.1 +18.6 +4.3 +5.9 +8.0 -1.7 +12.1 +4.2 +2.0 +5.1 +.2 +.3 +1.7 -1.0 -2.0 +6.0 82.0 66.6 110.4 109.5 104.9 52.5 102.2 64.2 57.9 81.0 120.9 143.4 301.3 87.0 85.6 69.6 75.0 75.2 107.7 52.1 70.2 55.8 65.6 54.5 103.9 104.2 105.5 -13.8 -17.4 -3.2 +6.1 +5.7 +6.8 +5.9 +5.7 +3.6 +3.3 +14.4 +8.2 +14.4 -17.5 +4.9 +2 1 +5.4 +.6 +.4 +.9 —1.7 + 5.5 +13.0 +8.5 $17. 41 18.04 19.03 17.19 12.88 19.99 13.40 17.43 15.93 23.78 25.51 26.03 33.96 22.53 17.01 18.33 25.29 29.02 28.39 27.53 23.36 16.60 17.26 16.45 28.22 21.28 24.25 90.9 109.2 +.7 +.3 +3.8 +3.0 30.31 37.62 +.9 -.1 +4.1 -5.4 +2.8 -1.0 +7.9 +.8 +10.4 - 1 3 . 8 J.-9.4 28.81 35.10 26.11 31.00 12.39 +3.0 +2.0 +2.9 +1.2 -2.4 120.5 132.1 116.9 128.9 52.0 -.5 -.4 -.8 -9.2 +.7 -6.9 -9.6 -.2 +3.6 +3.3 +2.2 -.2 +5.7 +6.3 +1.1 -.4 +4.2 +3.3 -4.3 +3.1 +4.0 +3.3 +.5 +.7 +.5 Average hours worked per week May 1939 1938 +2.8 +4.6 +4.6 33.6 31.9 34.7 38.1 33.8 31.1 34.3 32.8 31.6 37.9 40.7 42.2 39.9 46.7 34.9 36.7 42.0 47.1 41.2 40.6 36.6 35.3 33.8 35.5 38.2 39.1 39.4 +3.2 +1.8 38.5 36.3 +1.6 -2.2 +3.6 +5.6 -3.3 38.4 36.3 39.1 39.9 40.5 -.6 +2.1 +•2 -1.7 -4.4 +.2 +2.4 -.1 Percentage change from— April 1939 +0.4 -1.8 +3.3 -1.6 -.5 -3.9 -.8 -7.9 -10.1 +.2 +3.3 +2.7 +2.6 +1.6 +3.0 +5.5 +.7 +1.9 +5.0 +9.5 -5.5 +3.8 +1.7 +4.1 +.4 -.3 May May 1939 (cents) 1938 +15.4 +5.2 +8.8 +3.7 -1.1 +6.3 -2.3 +6.0 -.1 0 -1.3 -1.1 +5.1 -3.5 -1.6 -.2 +2.7 -8.2 -.1 -.4 +.2 +6.4 +6.0 +1.3 +2.8 -.1 -.1 +.4 +2.3 -22-0 +1.2 -3.8 +6.0 -16.3 _(3) Average hourly earnings (2) 51.0 57.4 50.1 45.2 36.7 64.0 39.5 52.0 49.4 62.9 63.2 62.0 85.9 48.3 50.0 50.0 60.0 61.5 68.9 70.0 63.8 47.2 51.1 46.7 77.2 55.0 61.6 Percentage change from— April 1939 May 1938 -1.9 -.5 -3.7 -.5 +.4 -.3 +1.2 +.3 0 +2.4 -.2 -1.6 +6.5 +9.2 +4.9 +2.0 -.8 +.4 +.6 -.5 -1.7 +2.2 +1.6 +.8 -2.5 -.6 -6.8 +1.3 -.2 +2.3 -.5 +.3 +.5 +.4 80.2 100.1 +.7 74.9 97.0 66.8 77.6 30.0 +3.1 +.1 +1.1 -.4 +2.4 -.4 +.9 +1.8 +•7 -.2 +•2 +3.4 +3.8 + 4 -5.5 +4.2 +2.2 +1.0 -1.6 -1.2 +.8 +2.1 (2) -.5 -.6 +16.5 Druggists' preparations. _ _ Explosives Fertilizers Paints and varnishes Rayon and allied products Soap Rubber products _„ Rubber boots and shoes Rubber tires and inner tubes.. Rubber goods other 106.8 82.0 113.2 118.4 308.5 87.7 81.2 60.2 67.2 128.7 -.7 -.9 +1.5 +2.2 +13.1 +.6 +3.0 -2.2 +8.7 -.8 +3.2 - 1 . 1 +13.7 +.3 +14.0 -(.) +11.1 - 2 . 7 +16.6 -29.9 118.5 91.2 108.2 127.3 298.3 90.3 82.1 56.5 73.5 124.4 -.8 +1.9 +3.4 -22. 2 -2.0 -1.0 -1.1 -3.7 -.2 -2.0 -.1 -.5 +5.7 +7.2 +2.0 +3.4 +6.5 +1.8 +14.0 +13.2 +18.0 +9.3 39.3 38.3 38.5 41.5 36.6 39.0 36.7 35.8 33.2 41.2 +.3 +4.6 +1.8 +9.8 -4.5 +1.3 +2.1 +2.4 +.4 +6.1 -.5 +.9 +3.1 (2) - 3 . 7 +14.9 +.2 +18.8 +8.6 +18.0 59.7 80.0 45.8 70.1 64.7 75.1 74.2 59.7 94.4 55.4 +49.0 $35.84 +32.3 +49.6 38.8 14.1 40.3 40.0 38.9 +32.6 +49.8 91.8 86.0 69.2 54.5 86.1 -0.5 -2.9 81.5 +.6 85.2 -.9 +.1 +3.8 +9.6 +15. 2 +6.5 +15.7 +5.0 +29.7 +29.0 +31.1 +27.5 24.85 30.68 17.61 29.12 23.70 29.23 26.75 21.35 31.46 22.58 +.4 +11.1 +2.7 +.2 -.2 0 -4.0 —.1 +.8 -1.4 +16. 6 +.4 -1.1 +.3 -2.4 -.3 -.5 -7.3 +1.1 -2.3 +1.2 +1.0 +.4 +.8 2 () -1.5 -6.Z NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100] Coal mining: 4 Anthracite 4 Bituminous Metalliferous mining _ _-. _ _ Quarrying and nonmetallic mining _ Crude-petroleum producing Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph 5 Electric light and power and manufactured gas 5 Electric-railroad6 and motorbus operation and maintenance Trade: Wholesale 5 Retail^ General merchandising 8 _.. Other than general merchandising fi 4 Hotels (year-round) *«._ __ 4 Laundries Dyeing and5 cleaning 4 Brokerage _ Insurance 5 Building construction 52.6 47.9 61.7 45.6 66.0 +.8 +31.3 +15.7 +2.0 +10.6 +.6 +2.2 94.2 -.7 98.9 -1.6 70.1 -.3 -.3 +.3 +2.3 +4.7 +1.5 +.3 74.9 71.5 86.7 68.3 82.3 83.9 83.0 7 -0.8 +85.4 +.4 +6.1 +.3 +2.0 75.6 91.1 +.9 +.6 69.5 87.1 85.7 96.8 82.8 94.0 95.5 107.0 (7) (7) (7) +*4 +.8 +2.2 +4.7 — 1.4 +.3 +6.7 -0.4 -41.7 +4.9 +4.4 -9.8 -.7 -2.7 -2.8 +.9 +4.3 57.0 20.4 53.7 39.7 61.2 () (7) (7) +4.9 +3.6 -8.2 11.32 27.72 21.74 33. 35 +3.2 30.61 +2.0 +.7 +1.5 34.03 -1.6 32.79 +.1 +.3 +.2 -.3 29.76 21.19 17.90 23.86 15.00 18.07 21.12 36.08 36.82 31.40 +2.1 +2.7 +2.0 +2.2 +5.0 +3.7 +13.3 +2.9 -1.1 -.1 +.6 +2.9 +11.9 +13.4 1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size and composition of the reporting sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing industries now relate to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and prior issues of the pamphlet. The two industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad repair shops. The averages for the durable-goods group have also been affected by this exclusion. > Not yet computed. -63.1 ti -37.6 +1.7 +4.2 +.3 +.2 +1.1 +.1 +.4 0 +.3 0 -.4 +2.7 +8.1 +.3 +.3 +4.9 -36.7 3 +-(. )8 +1.8 +2.4 +2.2 0 3 —( ) -.2 -1.9 +.4 +1.9 +4.4 +5.7 +2.8 +1.9 +8.2 -34.3 +1.8 +5.0 +1.6 -28.6 -2.5 -4.0 -.8 38.9 -.4 40.0 +2.3 +1.2 +2.1 45.5 -.2 -.7 71.1 42.1 42.4 38.9 43.5 46.6 43.0 43.9 7 +1.1 -1.0 -1.8 -1.2 -1.9 71.1 55.0 48.8 56.9 32.1 42.4 49.1 7 33.5 +6.9 () (7) 0 -.1 0 -.2 +1.8 +6.2 (7) -.7 +1.3 +4.0 (7) +2.2 () 0) 94.1 -.2 -.6 -1.2 -.5 +.4 +.8 +.3 -.3 +.8 +1.6 (7) -0.2 -4.0 +2.6 +3.2 +2.6 +.7 +.3 +.8 +1.8 +2.0 -.2 +2.7 +1.4 +2.4 +.5 (7) -1.8 34 Less than Ho of 1 percent. Indexes adjusted to 193* census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of this pamphlet. 8 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. 8 Cash payments only; the ad ditional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. 7 Not available. 12 Employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for March, April, and May 1939, where available, are presented in table 4. The March and April figures, where given, may differ in some instances from those previously published, because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late reports. The average weekly earnings shown in tables 3 and 4 are computed by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As not all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on data furnished by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size and composition of the reporting sample varies slightly from month to month. Therefore the average hours per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings shown are not strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the general movements of earnings and hours over the period shown. The changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from May 1938 are computed from chain indexes based on the monthto-month percentage changes. TABLE 4.—Employment* Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries MANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to Aug. 1938. Comparable series available upon request] Average hours worked Average weekly Average hourly Pay-roll index Employment index per week l earnings l earnings 1 Industry April March May April March May April March M a y April March May April March May 1939 All manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills. _ Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets C ast-iron pipe Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools Forgings, iron and steel Hardware Plumbers' supplies Stamped and enameled ware Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings Stoves Structural and ornamental metal work Tin cans and other tinware Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws) Wirework Machinery, not including transportation equipment Agricultural implements (including tractors) -. Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills Foundry and machine-shop products Machine tools Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts Typewriters and parts »^,- w See footnotes at end of table, 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 1939 Cents 64.8 72.6 58.2 Cents 65.1 72.7 58.6 90.1 83.3 96.7 91.2 84.1 97.9 91.4 83.5 98.9 84.4 79.5 89.9 84.9 80.2 90.3 86.9 80.1 94.6 $23.90 26.93 21.11 $23.85 27.00 20.92 $24.23 27. 10 21.60 36.7 36.7 36.7 36.4 36.5 36.4 37.1 36.7 37.5 Cents 64.9 72.4 58.4 87.3 91.3 89.0 67.9 88.3 92.3 90.0 67.4 88.3 92.2 91.9 66.8 78.5 80.2 81.8 63.6 80.1 82.8 82.0 58.5 81.6 84.8 92.3 55.4 26.16 27.43 23.46 22.32 26.45 28.07 23.26 20.71 27.01 28.81 25.64 19.80 34.9 32.8 33.7 38.2 35.1 33.6 33.5 35.4 35.8 34.4 36.9 33.7 75.3 83.6 69.6 58.1 75.3 83.5 69.4 58.2 75.2 83.5 69.5 58.0 80.2 48.4 76.1 73.9 132.8 84.7 48.7 80.7 73.4 135.3 84.4 48.0 83.0 74.0 137.4 72.0 46.5 75.1 67.2 128.2 74.2 46.5 76.7 64.6 131.8 76.7 45.9 81.9 63.3 137.0 22.65 28.17 23.87 25.81 23.19 22.17 28.05 23.05 24.98 23. 34 22.94 28.10 23.93 24.28 23.92 38.1 36.7 36.7 38.2 37.1 38.7 37.3 36.6 36.1 38.1 60.4 77.0 65.1 67.6 62.4 59.8 76.0 65.5 67.6 63.0 60.0 75.2 65.5 67.2 62.7 68.6 82.3 67.2 89.1 68.8 81.0 66.9 88.2 69.1 78.4 66.2 85.5 56.7 68.4 59.1 96.8 56.0 68.4 59.5 94.0 56.2 66.6 57.6 92.6 24.92 24.77 27.71 23.66 24.52 24.96 28.06 23.19 24.56 25.21 27.54 23.57 35.7 37.3 38.2 38.4 37.6 36.8 35.2 37.0 36.9 35.2 38.0 38.4 38.1 36.0 38.3 37.7 38.7 69.6 66.5 72.7 61.6 69.7 66.3 73.1 61.1 68.2 66.7 73.1 60.8 84.1 154.7 94.9 117.5 84.5 159.4 95.1 123.8 85.4 161.4 94.7 124.8 80.9 153.3 126.0 81.6 162.9 93.7 134.9 84.2 169.5 94.2 136.7 23.83 23.91 27.86 29.56 23.95 24.68 27.45 30.00 24.45 25.36 27.67 30.19 38.8 35.9 38.3 37.7 39.1 36.7 37.7 37.9 40.0 37.7 38.0 37.8 61.5 66.8 72.5 78.7 61.4 67.5 72.6 79.5 61.4 67.5 72.8 80.3 129.5 85.9 129.9 86.1 133.3 85.2 121.4 87.0 119.8 85.7 120.3 86.5 30.29 28.11 29.81 27.57 29.17 28.09 37.3 37.8 36.7 37.2 35.9 37.8 82.0 74.4 81.8 74.2 82.0 74.5 98.0 84.6 133.6 96.4 72.7 126.0 96.3 84.5 131.2 94.6 72.0 128.2 93.8 84.1 128.4 98.9 70.3 127.6 117.2 80.4 149.3 84.1 71.8 128.5 115.1 78.8 140.8 80.8 71.4 134.2 112.1 79.5 135.0 85.1 69.4 136.2 30.95 27.23 31.70 21.73 25.65 24.49 30.94 26.70 30.46 21.19 25.79 25.13 30.92 27.02 29.83 21.14 25.68 25.63 39.5 38.3 42.4 36.9 38.7 37.1 39.5 37.4 40.9 36.2 38.8 38.5 39.5 37.8 40.2 36.3 39.0 39.0 78.7 71.0 74.9 58.9 66.4 66.0 78.8 71.4 74.6 58.6 66.6 65.3 78.8 71.5 74.2 57.8 65.9 65.7 919 CO TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued Employment index Average weekly earnings Pay-roll index Average hours worked per week Average hourly earnings Industry May 1939 April 1939 March 1939 April 1939 March 1939 May 1939 April 1939 March 1939 95.7 87.6 94.4 961.7 1,165. 2 1, 063. 7 103.8 88.0 99.5 33.4 33.5 31.5 19.6 16.2 16.5 108.7 127.6 117.3 94.3 86.8 86.0 153.1 156.8 160.6 99.2 99.4 95.9 92.0 989.1 97.0 32.3 13.7 115.5 89.2 159.8 98.6 $31.04 30.04 31.18 27.21 28.15 32.29 25.38 26.34 27.18 S31.8O 30.09 32.33 26.06 27.14 31.22 24.90 26.56 26.43 $30. 81 31.38 30.87 26.44 26.67 31.78 25.60 26.68 26.98 May April 1939 March 1939 34.9 41.2 33.5 36.7 36.6 38.9 37.7 38.7 38.5 35.7 40.8 34.9 34.6 35.2 37.6 37.1 38.8 37.6 May 1939 April 1939 34.6 42.1 33.3 35.4 34.4 37.9 38.3 39.5 38.3 Cents 89.5 73.7 93.1 74.0 77.0 82.1 67.2 68.1 70.8 Cents 89.6 74.6 92.8 75.3 77.1 83.1 66.8 68.4 70.4 Cents 89.8 76.1 92.6 74.8 77. 5 83.8 66.9 67.6 70.5 Durable goods—Continued Transportation equipment 90.3 95.2 1,183.9 1,078.4 Aircraft 93.3 101.8 Automobiles 33.7 33.1 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad . 22.4 19.1 Locomotives 118.0 112.3 Shipbuilding 92.4 93.5 Nonferrous metals and their products 152.2 154.6 Aluminum manufactures 99.1 98.4 Brass, bronze, and copper products Clocks and watches and time-recording de82.2 vices 83.7 86. 1 90.4 Jewelry 81.2 83.5 Lighting equipment 66.2 66.3 Silverware and plated ware 71.3 72.0 Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc 65.3 64.3 lumber and allied products 77.0 77.9 Furniture _ _____ Lumber: 53.9 54.2 Millwork __ 53.7 51.8 Sawmills 72.5 72.7 Stone, clay, and glass products 53.6 53.6 Brick, tile, and terra cotta 66.8 66.5 Cement ._ 91.5 91.9 Glass 47.5 47.2 Marble, granite, slate, and other products 80.7 81.6 Pottery March 1939 May 1939 83.6 92.7 87.5 66.7 71.5 62.6 78.9 81.8 69.3 70.9 59.8 66.6 58.2 63.1 84.1 71.1 68.9 59.4 66.2 55.7 63.5 85.5 76.9 77.4 64.7 66.6 53.9 66.1 21.03 22.46 24.63 24.80 26.29 20.73 19.86 21.24 21.90 23.27 24.61 25.90 20.08 19.74 21.63 23.03 24.89 26.64 26.23 20.02 20.20 35.6 37.3 35.1 39.3 38.0 38.6 37.5 36.2 36.7 33.2 39.0 37.5 37.7 37.3 37.1 39.3 35.9 41.4 37.8 37.9 38.5 59.1 59.9 70.1 63.7 69.2 54.3 53.0 58.7 59.1 69.9 63.4 69.1 53.9 53.2 58.3 57.9 69.2 64.8 69.1 53.3 52.7 53.4 49.1 69.6 49.7 60.3 90.6 44.8 81.2 45.0 50.3 63.7 40.4 63.6 91.7 40.4 70.4 43.9 46.3 62.6 39.6 61.9 89.4 38.8 72.2 43.7 42.4 61.7 37.2 55.5 95.3 34.3 73.7 21.99 21. 00 23.48 19. HI 26.63 24.15 28.63 22.46 21.40 19.94 22.96 19.46 25.91 23.37 27.55 22.82 21.65 19.34 23.72 19.59 25.56 25.30 25.92 23.38 41.0 38.6 36.4 37.4 38.1 34.0 39.5 36.6 39.7 37.5 35.5 36.4 37.6 33.1 37.0 36.5 39.9 37.0 36.2 36.1 36.9 35.4 36.3 37.7 53.8 55.2 64.6 53.4 70.0 71.0 72.7 62.3 54.0 54.2 64.8 53.5 68.9 70.7 74.9 63.1 54.4 53.3 65.1 54.4 69.2 71.6 71.8 62.9 101.4 91.2 84.6 87.7 86.3 116.0 82.8 116.0 148.5 75.5 77.8 74.3 65.0 72.2 74.8 94.4 64.3 109.3 146.6 66.7 79.8 73.9 70.6 73.2 76.1 97.0 55.7 112.4 154.3 63.6 89.0 79.4 75.3 75.7 82.6 101.0 71.2 119.4 165.3 68.3 16.31 15.96 20.86 13.78 17.34 20.23 21.33 16.93 17.75 16.98 16.36 15.86 22.39 13.72 17.34 20.64 17.48 17.27 18.40 16.32 17.38 16.56 23.64 14.06 18.21 21.22 22.07 18.03 19.38 16.89 34.8 35.5 32.9 35.7 37.3 37.5 30.9 34.9 34.1 37.0 34.7 35.4 35.6 35.6 38.8 38.1 25.0 35.6 35.5 35.5 36.2 36.6 37.4 36.5 39.5 39.3 30.6 37.0 37.0 47.7 45.9 63.3 38.6 47.2 53.4 70.0 49.4 52.4 46.1 47.9 45.7 63.0 38.4 45.5 53.9 69.5 49.4 52.2 46.1 49.1 46.2 63.3 38.5 46.8 53.4 69.5 50.0 53.0 45.9 Nondurable goods Textiles and their products Fabrics Carpets and rugs Cotton goods Cotton small wares Dyeing andfinishingtextiles_ Hats, fur-felt _ Knit goods Hosiery Knitted outerwear 96.1 88.4 81.0 85.2 82.3 112.9 76.6 114.1 145.4 73.0 83.7 86.7 83.7 114.4 80.8 114.9 147.2 72.1 36.8 Knitted underwear Knitted cloth Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods Wearing apparel Clothing, men's Clothing, women's _ Corsets and allied garments. Men's furnishings-. . Millinery Shirts and collars . _ _ Leather and it manufactures Boots and shoes Leather Food and kindred products Baking Beverages Butter Canning and preserving. _ _ . Confectionery Flour . Ice cream .. Slaughtering and meat packing .. Sugar, beet _ Sugar refining, cane . Tobacco manufactures Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. __.. Cigars and cigarettes _ .. Paper and printing . Boxes, paper ___ Paperandpulp _ Printing and publishing: Book and job Newspapers and periodicals Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining Petroleum refining _ _. Other than petroleum refining.. _ . Chemicals _._ . Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meaL. _ _ .. Druggists'preparations . Explosives Fertilizers . Paints and varnishes Rayon and allied products Soap Rubber products Rubber boots and shoes Rubber tires and inner tubes Rubber goods, other See footnotes at end of table. 74.3 144.1 58.7 75.0 112.2 96.7 159. 7 106.8 127.3 70.2 118.0 87.0 86.4 82.0 116.8 145.4 246.4 101.4 92.9 70.6 77.0 87.1 95.4 48.2 81,0 62.8 59.5 63.2 106.0 100.1 106.7 73.5 150.2 62.0 69.0 119.0 103.8 171.1 106.1 132.3 77.7 119.3 94.0 94.5 84.5 114.0 142.0 235. 7 95.6 92.8 72.3 75.3 75.8 91.8 43.5 93.9 61.7 60.6 61.9 105.9 100.4 106.3 72.4 153.3 63.8 76.8 123.0 106.6 178.5 103.7 137.1 83.4 121.5 97.6 98.5 86.0 112.0 142.1 227.8 92.0 78.8 77.5 76.8 69.8 92.5 39.2 88.3 59.5 60.6 59.4 105.9 101.6 105.9 65.6 110.8 46.5 60.9 82.0 66.6 110.4 109.5 104.9 52.5 102.2 612 57.9 81.0 120.9 143.4 301. 3 87.0 85.6 69.6 75.0 75.2 107.7 52.1 70.2 55.8 65.6 54.5 103.9 104.2 105.5 64.7 112.4 48.7 52.3 88.8 74.3 118.0 111.2 109.9 63.9 102.6 74.5 70.1 83.7 113.9 135.7 282.2 82.1 81.0 67.2 72.6 65.7 99.5 45.6 85.1 53.2 613 51.7 103.3 103.8 104.6 64.9 120.6 52.7 61.9 104.8 86.2 143.4 108.9 122.2 89.6 106.9 83.2 80.1 87.7 113.8 138.0 263.4 79.3 74.0 75.0 74.4 61.2 100. 6 43.9 85.8 51.5 66.5 49.6 104.2 107.1 105.5 14.74 17.07 15.19 18.77 17.41 18.04 19.03 17.19 12.88 19.99 13.40 17.43 15. 93 23. 78 25.51 26.03 33.96 22. 53 17. 01 18.33 25.29 29.02 28.39 27.53 23.36 18.60 17.26 16.45 28.22 21.28 24.25 14.77 16.68 15.02 17.54 17.81 18.85 18.86 17.58 12.96 21.70 13.44 18.73 17.58 23. 83 24.57 25.11 33. 15 22.33 16. 13 17.27 24. 96 29.22 27.23 26. 94 24.42 16.08 16.59 15.96 28.08 21.13 24.11 15.05 17.53 15.93 18.66 19.91 21.07 21.51 17.61 14.20 27.80 13.69 • 20.12 19.17 24.47 25.00 25.52 32.15 22.47 17.13 17.96 25. 13 23. 47 27.32 28.85 26.21 16.22 17.18 15. 98 28.37 21.54 24.43 36.2 36.6 35.1 35.7 33.6 31.9 34.7 38. 1 33.8 31.1 34.3 32.8 31.6 37.9 40.7 42.2 39.0 46.7 34.9 36.7 42.0 47.1 41.2 40.6 36.8 35.3 33.8 35.5 38.2 39.1 39.4 36.2 35.9 35.2 33.3 33.7 32.6 33.8 38.7 34.3 32.3 35.1 34.4 33.6 37.8 39.4 41.1 38.8 46.2 34.0 35.3 41.5 46.5 39.3 37.0 38.7 310 33.2 34.1 38.1 39.2 39.4 36.9 37.6 37.5 35.3 35.7 35.1 35.6 39.3 36.3 39.2 35.2 38.2 38.0 38. 9 40.1 41.8 37.8 46.0 35.5 37.0 41.9 46.0 39.8 40. 1 40.8 312 33.9 34.2 38.3 39.8 40.7 46.1 42.9 52.6 51.0 57.4 50.1 45.2 36.7 64.0 39.5 52.0 49.4 62.9 83.2 62.0 85.9 48.3 50.0 50.0 60.0 61.5 68.9 70.0 63.8 47.2 51.1 46.7 77.2 55.0 61.6 41.0 45.9 42.3 52.7 51.7 57.7 51.6 45.4 36.5 62.9 38.9 51.8 49.2 62.9 82.7 61.3 86.2 48.3 48.9 48.4 59.8 62.5 69.4 76.5 63.0 47.5 50.2 47.0 77.0 54.6 61.2 41.0 46.3 42.1 52.9 54.1 59.9 54.6 45.1 37.6 67.9 39.6 51.7 49.2 63.0 62.9 61.5 85.8 48.8 49.4 48.5 59.8 63.4 68.9 75.7 612 47.4 51.0 46.9 77.1 516 61.4 99.9 106.5 100.3 106.0 90.9 109.2 90.2 108.9 92.0 108.1 30.31 37.62 30.01 37.66 30.55 37.65 38.5 36.3 38.0 36.3 38.2 36.2 80.2 100.1 80.5 106.8 81.1 99.4 111.6 117. 0 110.3 114.5 64.9 106.8 82.0 113.2 118.4 308.5 87.7 81.2 60.2 67.2 128.7 115.0 116.1 114.7 114.9 73.5 107.6 80.8 161. 5 117.6 315.4 88.4 82.1 60.0 67.2 132.3 114.5 116.3 114.0 116.5 88.1 108.0 81.3 133.2 114.9 316.9 90.5 82.8 61.7 67.2 134.0 120.5 132.1 116.9 128.9 52.0 118.5 91.2 108.2 127.3 298.3 90.3 82.1 56.5 73.5 124.4 120.6 128.5 118.1 127.9 60.3 119.4 89.5 139.1 123.2 304.4 91.2 83.0 58.6 73.6 26.9 121.7 131. 5 118.7 130.9 73.6 119.1 91.5 107.0 120.4 313.4 92.5 85.4 58.8 76.1 130.4 28.81 35.10 26.11 31.00 12.39 24.85 30.68 17.61 29.12 23.70 29.23 26.75 21.35 31.46 22.58 27.91 34.39 25.27 30.81 12.75 25.05 30.57 15.84 28.24 23.64 29.28 27. 00' 22.23 31.48 22.62 28.36 35.20 25.61 31.08 12.93 24.86 30.96 14.87 28.30 24.24 29.01 27.40 21.65 32.54 22.91 38.4 36.3 39.1 39.9 40.5 39.3 38.3 38.5 41.5 36.6 39.0 38.7 35.8 33.2 41.2 38.2 35.6 39.1 39.5 42.2 39.1 37.7 40.2 40.7 36.5 39.2 35.7 37.1 33.3 38.0 38.5 36.3 39.3 39.9 43.9 39.2 38.5 37.9 40.6 37.7 39.4 38.1 35.9 34.0 38.6 74.9 97.0 66.8 77.6 30.0 59.7 80.0 45.8 70.1 64.7 75.1 712 59.7 94.4 55.4 73.2 97.3 65.0 78.0 29.9 60.7 81.1 39.4 69.7 617 74.9 76.1 59.9 94.7 60.2 73.4 97.3 65.0 78.0 29.1 59.3 80.4 39.2 69.8 613 73.9 78.5 60.3 95.7 59.9 TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100] Employment index Average weekly earnings Pay-roll index Averag e hours worked per week Average hourly earnings Industry May 1939 Nondurable goodt—Continued Coal mining: Anthracite' _. Bituminous* Metalliferous mining Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum producing Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph 3 Electric light and power and manufactured gas 3 Electric-railroad3 and motorbus operation and maintenance Trade: Wholesale' Retail 3 General merchandising 3__ Other than general merchandising 3 Hotels (year-round) *»< Laundries 1 _--_ Dyeing and 6cleaning * Brokerage» Insurance 3 5 Building construction * 52.6 47.9 61.7 45.6 66.0 April 1939 March May 1939 1939 April 1939 March 1939 57.0 20.4 53.7 39.7 61.2 43.4 17.6 52.6 35.9 60.8 34.2 77.8 53.6 33.1 61.3 $35.84 11.32 27.72 21.74 33.35 $27.08 18.10 27.03 21.11 33.90 $21. 55 23.49 27.66 20.80 34.00 April 1939 March May 1939 1939 53.0 25.9 61.5 43.0 65.8 51.7 87.4 61.0 40.1 66.2 March 38.8 14.1 40.3 40.0 38.9 29.2 21.4 39.1 37.9 38.1 23.3 26.5 40.2 37.5 38.7 1939 1939 May 1939 April 1939 March 1939 Cents 91.8 86.0 69.2 54.5 86.1 Cents 92.3 88.4 69.5 55.4 87.2 CenU 92.0 88.4 69.3 55.4 86.3 75.6 74.1 73.4 94.2 92.1 91.9 30.61 30.81 30.96 38.9 39.0 38.9 81.5 81.7 82.2 91.1 90.3 89.6 98.9 97.0 96.8 34.03 33.47 33.82 40.0 39.1 39.8 85.2 85.5 85.4 69.5 69.1 69.5 70.1 69.6 70.5 32.79 32.83 33.12 45.5 45.6 45.7 71.1 71.2 71.5 87.1 85.7 96.8 82.8 94.0 95.5 107.0 — 1. 4 87.3 85.5 96.9 82.5 93.2 93.5 102.2 —. 3 87.4 83.8 93.2 81.3 92.7 92.9 95.4 — 1.2 74.9 71.5 86.7 68.3 82.3 83.9 83.0 — 1.1 74.8 71.3 86.6 68.1 81.9 79.9 73.3 —1. 3 74.7 69.6 83.4 66.8 81.1 79.3 67.7 —1.0 29.76 21.19 17.90 23.86 15.00 18.07 21.12 29.75 21.29 17.86 24.25 15.01 17.57 19.71 36.26 36.71 29.92 29.62 21.28 17.84 24.18 15.09 17.54 19.48 42.1 42.4 38.9" 43.5 46.6 43.0 43.9 41.6 42.4 39.0 43.5 46.6 42.2 41.0 42.0 42.5 39.0 43.5 46.7 42.3 41.1 71.1 55.0 48.8 56.9 32.1 42.4 49.1 71.9 54.8 48.4 56.7 31.7 42.1 49.2 70.7 54.8 48.2 56.7 31.7 41.7 49.2 36.32 28.98 (6) (8) 31.2 (6) (6) (6) 33.5 +•3 +.1 +6.7 +10.8 +.6 +1.0 +.6 +.2 +6.4 +11.9 +14.9 +13.4 1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourl y earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size and composition of the reporting sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing industries now related to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and prior issues of the pamphlet. The 2 industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad repair shops. The averages for the durable-goods group have also been affected by this exclusion. 2 Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of this publication. April 1939 May 36.82 31.40 30.4 94.1 96.2 95. 3 Average weekly earnings, hourly- earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. * Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. 6 Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available, percentage changes from preceding month substituted. « Not available. 17 INDEXES OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS, MAY 1938 THROUGH MAY 1939 Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 5 for all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, including 2 subgroups under retail trade, by months from May 1938 to May 1939, inclusive. The accompanying chart indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to May 1939. The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are based on the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100. They relate to wage earners only and are computed from reports supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 87 manufacturing industries. These reports cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 87 industries included in the monthly survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the 12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for public utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum producing they cover wage earners and the clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from 25 percent for wholesale trade to 80 percent for quarrying and nonmetallic mining and public utilities. Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. 18 TABLE 5.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing * and Nonm manufacturing2 Industries, May 1938 to May 1939, Inclusive Employment Industry- Av. 1938 1939 1938 May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Manufacturing All industries Durable goods 3 Nondurable goods * 86.8 83.4 81.6 81.9 85.7 89.5 90.5 91.2 89.5 90.7 91.4 91.2 90.1 77.3 75.0 72.4 70.3 71.7 75.3 79.0 82.1 83.1 81.6 82.6 83.5 84.1 83.3 96.0 91.5 90.3 92.9 99. 0 101. 7 99.4 97.1 98.4 97.9 96.7 Nonmanufacturing 52.3 52.8 56.0 44.6 37.6 46.4 52.4 51.0 51.3 Anthracite mining Bituminous-coal mining... 86.7 82.2 80.2 78.5 80.1 83.4 87.2 88.6 89.3 59.0 58. 56.0 49.7 51.4 55.2 57.9 61.9 62.3 Metalliferous mining Quarrying and nonmetallic mining 43.7 43.6 44.1 44.6 44.6 44.4 44.4 41.4 Crude-petroleum produc72.1 73.2 72.8 72.3 72.4 71.5 69.5 68.3 67. ing Telephone and telegraph.. 75.1 75.0 74.8 74.9 74.8 74.9 74.7 74.4 74.3 Electric light and power, and manufactured gas__. 92.3 91.7 92.2 92.3 92.7 92.5 92.5 91.9 91.4 Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and 70.3 70.6 70.4 70.1 69.5 69.3 69.4 maintenance 88.8 87.3 87.2 86.8 87.6 88.5 89.1 90.0 Wholesale trade 85.2 83.8 83.6 81.1 80.0 84.7 85.9 16.9 98.1 Retail trade General merchandis98.0 92.4 91.9 87.9 97.0 99.4 104. 5 144.1 ing Other than general 81. 8 81. 5 81. 4 79. 3 78. 3 81 5 82.3 82. 3 82. 3 86.0 merchandising 92.7 93.7 92.2 90.7 90.4 91.8 92.9 92.5 92.0 Year-round hotels 95.7 Pfi. 2 96.6 97.8 97.5 96.5 64.4 93.7 93.4 Laundries 104. 3 109.9 110.8 108.6 105.0 107.8 106.8 102. 5 97.9 Dyeing and cleaning 50.0 52.2 51.7 53.0 52.6 88.7 88.6 87.4 25.9 47.9 62.6 61.0 61.5 61.7 38.3 37.9 40.1 43.0 45.6 67.0 66.4 66.2 65.8 66.0 74.1 73.3 73.4 74.1 90.0 90.3 91.1 69.2 69.3 69.5 69.1 69.5 88.3 87.9 87.4 87.3 87.1 82.2 81.5 83.8 85.5 85.7 93.2 90.7 80.0 91.8 93.3 94.2 79.6 92.6 92.8 92.1 96.8 81.3 82.5 82.8 92.7 13.2 94.0 92.9 93.5 95.5 95.4 102. 2 107.0 Pay rolls Manufacturing 77.5 All industries Durable goods« 4 68.2 Nondurable goods 88.0 Nonmanufacturing Anthracite mining 38.2 Bituminous-coal mining.._ 67.9 Metalliferous mining 50.4 Quarrying and nonmetallic mining _. 35.1 Crude-petroleum producing 66.5 Telephone and telegraph.. Electric light and power, and manufactured gas. _ _ 98.5 Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance 69.7 Wholesale trade. 74.7 Retail trade. 70.4 General merchandising 87.8 Other than general merchandising 66.8 Year-round hotels.. _ _ 80.3 80.6 Laundries 75.3 Dyeing and cleaning 72.9 70.8 70.6 76.9 81.0 83.8 84.1 86.5 83.4 85.4 86.9 84.9 84.4 64.2 61.7 58.6 63.7 68.7 75.2 78.3 80.4 76.6 78.4 80.1 80.2 79.5 82.6 80.9 84.1 91.7 94.9 93.4 90.6 93.4 91.0 93.1 94.6 90.3 89.9 38.3 49.7 20.2 20.0 29.4 43.4 36.2 42.5 38.0 45.2 34.2 43.4 57.0 55.3 57.0 56.8 64.2 71.9 78.3 81.4 80.9 78.2 81.2 77.8 17.6 20.4 51.2 46.1 38.0 43.7 46.1 49.2 52.3 54.1 55.3 53.4 53.6 52.6 53.7 38.3 37.3 37.0 39.2 38.4 39.2 37.2 33.7 30.2 29.7 33.1 35.9 39.7 66.7 67.6 66.7 66.8 66.5 63.7 63.3 62.5 60.9 62.7 61.3 60.8 61.2 91.3 90.9 90.9 91.3 92.6 95.3 93.0 92.5 92.0 91.7 91.9 92.1 94.2 97.4 98.6 98.3 98.9 98.4 99.9 98.6 98.2 95.9 96.4 96.8 97.0 98.9 71.2 69.7 69.0 69.5 68.4 68.9 68.8 69.7 71.1 69.9 70.5 69.6 70.1 75.1 73.8 73.6 73.7 74.3 75.1 75.4 75.7 75.5 74.6 74.7 74.8 74.9 70.0 69.5 68.1 66.8 69.4 70.8 71.5 79.2 69.7 68.4 69.6 71.3 71.5 84.4 84.3 80.4 78.8 85.3 88.3 91.8 122.9 84.0 81.0 83.4 86.6 86.7 67.0 80.5 80.9 80.7 66.4 79.6 81.8 83.3 65.6 77.4 83.0 77.5 64.3 77.4 83.1 74.3 66.1 78.9 81.4 81.7 67.2 80.8 79.5 78.0 67.3 81.3 79.3 73.9 70.1 81.1 80.0 68.3 66.7 80.2 79.6 65.8 65.8 82.8 78.6 63.2 66.8 81.1 79.3 67.7 68.1 81.9 79.9 73.3 68.3 82.3 83.9 83.0 i 3-year average, 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Comparable indexes for earlier months are in August 1938 issue of pamphlet and November 1938 issue of Monthly Labor Review. 212-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls, or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of Monthly Labor Review, except for anthracite and bituminous-coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning. Indexes for these industries from January 1929 forward have been adjusted to the 1935 census and are presented in the January 1938 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls. 3 Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, railroad repair shops, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied products, and stone, clay, and glass products. * Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups. EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 1923-25=100 INDEX 140 INDEX 140 120 120 PA to 1h 1X V lOOf 80 E MPL(3YME NT 100 \ V > PAY ROLLS 60 V 40 20 1919 1920 1921 1922 1929 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 80 1 f 60 1 / 40 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 20 20 TREND OF INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, BY STATES A comparison of employment and pay rolls, by States and geographic divisions, in April and May 1939 is shown in table 6 for all groups combined and for all manufacturing industries combined based on data supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage changes shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—that is, the industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not been weighted according to their relative importance. The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include figures for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the 87 manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all groups combined include all manufacturing industries, each of the nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 (except building construction), and seasonal hotels. Similar comparisons showing only percentage changes are available in mimeographed form for UA11 groups combined/' for "All manufacturing/' for anthracite mining, bituminous-coal mining, metalliferous mining, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, crude-petroleum producing, public utilities, wholesale trade, retail trade, hotels, laundries, dyeing and cleaning, and brokerage and insurance. 21 TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment May and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in 1939, by Geographic Divisions and by States [Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by cooperating State organizations] Total—all groups Per- Geographic division and State Num- Number cent- Amount ber of on pay age of pay roll estab- roll (1 week) M a y change lishfrom M a y 1939 1939 ments April 1939 Manufacturing Percentage change from April 1939 Per- Num- Number cent- Amount ber of on pay age of pay roll estab- roll change M a y from (1 week) lishM a y 1939 1939 ments April 1939 Dollars 859, 765 53, 669 38,946 16,404 461,461 91, 275 198,010 >, 665, 241 +5.1 +0. 2 19,1 +4.0 1,019,820 +1.9 786,928 +.8 -1.2 364,062 +8.6 +4.5 New England Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts... Rhode Island Connecticut 13,174 761 599 447 i 7,812 1,163 2,392 Middle A t l a n t i c . . . New York New Jersey Pennsylvania 31, 842 2,1,010, 432 20,329 918, 714 3,920 345, 787 7,593 745, 931 +.4 +.4 52, 866, 569 - . 7 25,i, 166,381 +.3 8,961,479 +1. 9 18,"I, 738, 709 Hast North Central, Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin 24, 841 2,I,039,035 7,024 500,848 2,871 252,983 i 6,889 592,616 3,690 462,879 6 4,367 - 1 . 2 54,, 533, 601 - . 7 13,069,971 - . 7 6,369,405 415,\ 590,932 -5. i. 2 13,;, 692,444 +1.4 5,810, ' -.3 K2 10, 803,736 1,897, 637 4, 793, 058 +8.3 +1. +.8 + 1.1 +L5 +3.5 -1.7 -1.1 -1.1 429,126 128,157 59,191 149, 529 4,630 7,942 25, 477 54,200 South Atlantic 10,636 Delaware 224 Maryland 1,599 Dist. of Columbia. 1,049 1,942 Virginia 1,082 West Virginia North Carolina-. 1,579 South Carolina..762 Georgia 1,385 Florida 1,014 823,611 + 1. 0 14,, 969. 681 15,039 +.5 356,966 137,328 3,309,159 38,949 -1." 1,052,273 2,034, 579 108,978 +30. 1, 702, 370 92,978 91, 722 113, 710 43,923 -2.2 2,652,929 - 2 . 8 -2.8 1, 310,262 - 2 . 2 1, 765,955 - -2.. 56 -6.9 785,188 - 5 . 0 East South Central. Kentucky 3,977 1,196 1,226 1,061 494 258,311 59,041 100,096 82, 867 16, 307 +3.9 +.5 -2.4 -5.8 5,494 " 907 1,037 1,236 214,372 Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South CentralArkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas -.1 +.1 +1.5 +.6 +.9 +5.3 + - . 1 4, 582,425 1,172, 717 +4.9 1, 754, 345 +.8 1,413,956 - 1 . 7 241,407 - 6 . 4 -.1 -.7 -1.2 4, 687,078 407,159 1,052,918 935,624 2,291,377 278 215 154 1,815 430 732 2 +1.1 +.1 588, 757 45, 284 33, 387 10, 585 262, 932 74,676 161,893 Dollars - 0 . 5 12, 740, 856 +4.2 -1.8 +3.7 -1.9 +.3 +.1 662, 236 230, 951 5,727.104 1,496,418 3, 793,649 -0.2 +1.4 +.3 +9.7 -1.8 +2.1 +.5 6,613 1,186, 647 - 1 . 2 29,i, 9S9, 310 2, 641 425, 793 -1. 811 ,361,818 -2.4 1,620 283,136 +.2 7, 215,183 +1.4 2,352 477,718 3-1.811, ,412,309 *LS 8,431 1, 505,404 2,407 380,836 1,090 202,359 +.7 2,435 - 6 . 5 1,052 +1-7 71,447 +.8 2,492 -\-2.5 645 +1.1 365 -2.9 813 +3. 30 +7.6 29 +4.5 136 3+3.6 474 West North Central. 11,503 Minnesota 8 2,823 Iowa 1,762 Missouri 2,620 North Dakota.... 481 South Dakota.... 449 Nebraska 997 Kansas »2,371 8 10, 516, 983 ' 3,405,846 1, 450, 263 - 3 . 9 3, 488,074 113, 534 +2.5 214,133 +3.2 586,411 +3.8 1,258,722 c3 3,624 Percentage change from April 1939 --2. 2 . 5 40,,813,688 -i.5 io;1,100,318 5,269,395 387,626 () 10,206,040 379, 866 -7.5 11,313,495 154, 717 3,924,440 210. 776 50,852 35, 318 88, 349 522 2,213 8,747 24,775 -1.7 +2.6 -2.5 -5.6 +9.9 +4.0 +6.0 +2.4 5, lf,l, 999 1,362,259 901,907 1,981,046 13,177 61,190 223,802 638,618 2,964 82 647 39 451 214 693 257 392 189 598,595 11,051 96,456 3,363 79, 319 45, 784 167,418 84,398 90,128 20,678 5 1,032 288 87 180. 907 33,840 73,867 62, 387 10,813 - 1 . 7 3,130. 350 +1.0 716, 874 - . 7 1, 265, 429 - 2 . 8 1,000, 304 -8.4 147, 743 1,281 260 238 140 643 106, 741 16,649 29, 420 11, 596 49,076 2,240. 092 -1.7 253,984 532,352 -2.2 9 10, 407, 043 260,565 2,315,149 116,243 -.5 - 2 . 1 1, 438,118 - . 6 1,086, 531 - 2 . 4 2, 416, 982 - 3 . 0 1,176, 735 - 2 . 8 1, 269,939 326, 781 -4.3 -1.8 3-. 5 +.3 -1.6 +.1 +4.7 -.2 -5.4 +7.2 +17.9 +8.5 +4.9 -1.3 +1.4 -1.5 -3.2 -.7 -3.8 -2.2 -.5 +2.5 +(5) -1.7 -10.1 +1.7 25,568 +.3 53,990 -1.3 -2.7 37, 578 +2.4 +1.3 +3.6 2,314 +2. 97,236 +.8 1,176,887 +3.7 1 Includes banks and trust companies; construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment; amusement and recreation; professional services; and trucking and handling. 2 Includes laundering and cleaning; and water, light, and power. 3 Weighted percentage change. 4 Includes automobile and miscellaneous services; restaurants; and building and contracting. « Less than Mo of 1 percent. 6 Includes construction but not public works. 7 Does not include logging. 8 Includes banks; real estate; pipe-line transportation; motor transportation (other than operation and maintenance); water transportation; hospitals and clinics; and personal, business, mechanical repair, and miscellaneous services. 9 Includes financial institutions, miscellaneous services, and restaurants. i°11 Weighted percentage change, including hired farm labor. Includes automobile dealers and garages; and sand, gravel, and building stone. +'< 22 TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in May 1939, by Geographic Divisions and by States—Continued Total—all groups Geographic division and State Num- N u m b e r ber of estab- on pay lish- roll M a y 1939 ments Mountain Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada 3,795 602 453 313 1,103 264 396 502 162 111,643 16,891 9,532 7,604 36, 708 6,118 14, 566 17,800 2,424 Pacific Washington Oregon California 10,711 2,548 1,205 a 6,958 473, 764 88, 330 44, 422 841,012 Percentage change from April 1939 +0.9 +3.5 +4.0 0 +- Manufacturing Percent- NumAmount age ber of N u m b e r of pay roll estab- on pay (1 week) change lish- roll M a y from M a y 1939 April ments 1939 1939 Dollars 2, 796, 598 463, 297 +0.1 +2.7 +6.3 241,951 163, 366 -17.8 916, 318 +.4 129, 315 +2.7 39: +.1 417,979 -.1 71,974 -L4 -.8 +5.2 +1.9 13, 693, 759 +3.6 2, 447, 291 +2.4 1,189, 664 \ 061,804. +1- h 10, +5.8 +4.8 +4.6 +2.5 +14 563 75 61 36 199 29 37 110 16 32,651 4,563 2,889 1,247 14, 392 751 2,576 5,918 315 558 295 1,827 244, 560 52, 565 27,098 164,897 Percentage change from April 1939 +3.3 +3.2 +11.2 +1.1 +4.0 +18.5 +2.1 -2.1 +2.9 +2.3 +5.7 +4.4 +1.0 Amount of pay roll (1 week) M a y 1939 Dollars 863,033 120, 744 74, 799 41, 347 394, 208 14,181 66,188 142,458 9,108 6, 930,092 1,473,317 715,704 4,741,071 Percentage change^ from April 1939 +6.8 +6.9 +17.7 +2.9 +6.2* +17.7 +11. 3 +1.8+7.4 +6.0 +9.2 +5.3. +5.1 " Includes banks, insurance, and office employment. INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL METROPOLITAN AREAS A comparison of employment and pay rolls in April and May 1939 is made in table 7 for 13 metropolitan areas each of which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas, but having a population of 100,000 or over, are not included. Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning them are presented in a supplementary tabulation which is available on request. The figures represent reports from cooperating establishments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3, with the exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries. Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more, according to the 1930 Census of Population. 23 TABLE 7.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in April, and May 1939, by Principal Metropolitan Areas Metropolitan area New York i Chicago 2 Philadelphia 3 .. Detroit Los Angeles 4 .-. Number of Number on Percentage Amount of Percentage pay roll, pay roll (1 change from establishchange May April ments, May from April week), May $16,937, 228 11, 650, 381 5, 832, 628 9,415,190 4, 654,034 +.6 +1.1 -7.9 +3.4 +2.3 +1.1 2, 955, 393 2, 829, 569 2, 54C, 033 4,178,061 4,161, 383 -.1 -1.6 -.4 2, 538,804 1, 683, 096 2, 560, 473 -2.3 —.1 13, 726 4,460 2,111 1,585 2,989 619,899 419, 215 219, 612 295, 841 158, 283 Cleveland St. Louis Baltimore Boston 5 Pittsburgh 1,621 1,398 1,164 2,917 1,052 108, 844 115, 556 103,970 168, 903 158,167 -1.1 -2.5 +1.1 San Francisco 6. Buffalo Milwaukee 1,651 790 1,024 83, 823 63, 977 94, 462 -1.5 +.2 -.7 -7.1 +1.3 -1.6 -0.4 +.7 1 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., nor Yonkers, N. Y. Does not include Gary, Ind. Does not include Camden, N J. Does not include Long Beach, Calif. Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, and Somerville. • Does not include Oakland, Calif. 2 3 4 5 Public Employment Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal funds, and employment on relief-work projects. EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of the Federal Government in April and May 1939 are given in table 8. 24 TABLE 8.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United States Government, May and April 1939 l [Subject to revision] Employment Class Entire service: Total Regular appropriation _ _ _ Emergency appropriation Force-account (regular and emergency) . . Inside the Pistrict of Columbia: Total _. . Regular appropriation Emergency appropriation Force-account (regular and emergency) Outside the District of Columbia: Total R e g u l a r appropriation E m e r g e n c y appropriation Force-account (regular a n d emergency) 1 3 Pay rolls Percentage change May Percentage change 2 May April 2 902,827 885,766 +1.9 $136,387,121 $133,426,857 +2.2 755,891 67, 393 741, 324 68, 526 +2.0 115,198,146 8, 823, 437 +2.3 -1.7 117,836, 853 8, 717, 772 79, 543 75, 916 +4.8 9,832,496 9, 405, 274 +4.5 122,902 122,003 +.7 21,959,006 21,458,949 +2.3 107,090 10,173 106,456 9,966 +.6 +2.1 19, 461,850 1,589,949 19,066,329 1, 547,738 +2.1 +2.7 5,639 5,581 +1.0 907, 207 844,882 +7.4 April -1.2 779,925 763, 763 111, 967, 908 +2.2 634,868 58,560 +2.1 +2.2 -2.3 114, 428,115 ^>48, 801 r-7 220 98, 375,003 7,127,823 96,131,817 7, 275, 699 +2.3 -2.0 73, 904 70, 335 +5.1 8,925, 289 8, 560, 392 +4.3 Data include number of employees receiving pay during the last pay period of the month. Revised. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during May on construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds are given in table 9, by type of project. TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works Administration Funds, May 1939 * [Subject to revision] Wage earners Type of project Maximum Weekly number employed2 average Monthly pay roll disbursements Number of man-hours Average worked earnings during per hour month Value of material orders placed during month Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds All projects _ Building construction Naval vessels4 . Public roads Reclamation, River, harbor, and flood control . _ Water and sewerage . . _.. . Miscellaneous. .. 1 2 3 2,176 2,025 $160,841 266, 252 $0. 604 $101,500 82 53 69 53 993 444 211 249 6 11,422 8 663 52, 201 67,904 15, 595 4,744 312 8,005 8,852 111, 567 77,778 27,297 32,443 310 1.427 .979 .468 .873 .571 .146 1.006 3,118 550 56,000 8,912 26, 544 6,376 0 (8) 477 281 284 6 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes weekly average for public roads. 4 Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads. * Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects. 25 TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works Administration Funds, May 1939—Continued Wage earners Type of project Maximum number employed Weekly average Monthly pay roll disbursements Number of man-hours Average earnings worked per hour during month Value of material orders placed during month Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriation Act 1938 funds All projects 39,309 34,426 Airport construction (exclusive of buildings) Building construction Electrification Reclamation River, harbor, and flood control... Ship construction Streets and roads Water and sewerage __ Miscellaneous Professional, technical, and clerical- 356 24, 862 541 9,400 598 1,313 237 324 678 1,000 331 21,051 526 8,993 521 1,123 219 288 610 764 $4,075,212 4,383,811 $0,930 $4,144,624 59, 211 2, 531, 341 51,993 1, 282,121 77,068 117, 529 28,119 26,463 75, 260 134,706 .941 .737 .972 .971 .807 .789 .824 .734 .760 125,369 3,118,066 138,963 457,874 81,186 58, 254 33,231 58,916 64, 214 8,551 Non-Federal projects financed from National I n d u s t r i a l Recovery Act funds All projects 8 5,071 4,350 Building construction Streets and roads Water and sewerage.. Miscellaneous 3,109 657 722 583 2,784 519 539 508 $644,125 527,583~ 15, 126 66,616 34,800 452,943 $1.422 ~313,641 25,977 49, 374 63,951 1.682 .582 1.349 .544 $954, 351 ===== 223, 204 72,338 467,925 190,884 Projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds ? All projects Building construction.. E lectrification Heavy engineering Reclamation Streets and roads Water and sewerage. _. Miscellaneous 21,200 17,859 $1,979, 241 2,196, 858 $0.901 $4,487,063 9,727 856 4,282 1,153 637 4,545 8,119 725 3,641 919 567 3,888 877,718 61, 823 424,991 103,005 46,852 464, 852 863, 762 83,606 523,998 143,908 79,154 502,430 1.016 .739 .811 .716 .592 .925 1, 477, 617 89,840 1, 264,808 82, 132 20,923 846,035 705,708 Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriation Act 1938 Funds All projects _ Building construction Electrification Heavy engineering Reclamation River, harbor, and flood control.. Streets and roads Water and sewerage Miscellaneous 205,858 168, 648 $15,895, 577 18, 731, 426 132,413 1,790 7,509 374 549 27, 211 35,113 108, 582 1,488 6,367 277 466 21, 612 29,144 712 11, 450, 712 163, 540 868, 109 33, 040 57, 701 2,470, 874 3,607, 726 79, 724 10, 373, 680 123, 569 970, 506 20,779 49,063 1,698, 707 2, 601,171 58,102 $0. 849 $26,802,973 .906 .756 1.118 .629 .850 .687 .721 .729 16,461,177 491,792 1, 621,232 10, 241 204, 205 3,074,126 4, 663, 362 276,838 • Includes data for workers engaged in construction of underground tunnel who, because of the additional risk involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid for building construction. 7 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed by The Works Program. Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works 26 was extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 and title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936. The First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, reappropriated unobligated funds originally made available under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 and authorized the use of $300,000,000 from funds on hand or received from the sale of securities. The Public Works Administration was continued until July 1, 1939, by the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, and the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 further continued the program to June 30, 1941. Federal construction projects for which data are included in table 9 are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the National Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the low-cost housing program of the Public Works Administration, however, was financed by funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Federal construction projects are also financed by allotments from funds provided under the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. The work is performed either by commercial firms which have been awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies. Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration from funds available under either the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. Most of the allotments have been made to the States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total labor and material cost. When funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 are used to finance a non-Federal project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost may be furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the grantee with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to commercial enterprises are 27 made only as loans. All loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public. In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of the activities of the Public Works Administration. Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads. Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial shops. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY The United States Housing Authority was created by Public, No. 412, Seventy-fifth Congress, approved September 1, 1937, as a corporate body of the Department of the Interior for the purpose of assisting the States and their political subdivisions in remedying the unsafe and insanitary housing conditions and the acute shortage of decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for families of low income, and in alleviating present and recurring unemployment. Executive Order No. 7732, dated October 27, 1937, transferred to the Authority all the housing and slum-clearance projects of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works and all assets, contracts, records, applications, libraries, research materials, and other property held in connection with, such projects or with the housing or slum-clearance activities of the Public Works Administration, together with the unexpended balance of funds allocated to the Public Works administration for the construction of any housing or slumclearance projects. This Executive order was modified by Executive Order No. 7839, dated March 12, 1938, under which the two Puerto Rico projects were transferred to the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration. Table 10 shows data for May 1939 on projects of the United States Housing Authority. These figures pertain only to new projects under the United States Housing Authority and not to those formerly^under the Public Works Administration. 28 TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Cost Housing Projects Operated by the United States Housing Authority, May 1939 [Subject to revision] Employment Geographic division Maximum number employed i Weekly average Monthly pay-roll disbursements Number of man-hours worked during month Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month Six divisions 6,473 5,602 $782, 965 677, 713 $1.155 $1,622,440 Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central-. West South Central 4,451 474 55 824 611 58 3,941 381 47 724 462 47 622,127 40, 754 3,812 69, 943 42,101 4,228 464,414 44, 375 7,016 97,344 58, 222 6,342 1. 340 .918 .543 .719 .723 .667 1, 251, 581 91, 587 222,867 51, 091 5,314 i Maximum employed during any 1 week of the month. THE WORKS PROGRAM By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,, approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive Orders, inaugurated a broad program of work to be carried out by 61 units of the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, and was further continued by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1937. The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938 extended this program to June 30, 1939. Employment created by this program includes employment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are those conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments from The Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration are those projects conducted under the supervision of the Works Progress Administration with the cooperation of States, cities, or counties. A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed by The Works Program in May is shown in table 11, by type of project. 29 TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program, May 1939 1 [Subject to revision] Wage earners Type of project Maximum Weekly number employed average Monthly pay-roll disbursements Number of man-hours worked during month Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month Federal projects All projects Airport construction (exclusive of buildings) Building construction Electrification Forestry 3 Grade-crossing elimination * Hydroelectric power plants 5 Plant, 3 crop, and livestock conservation Professional, technical, and clerical._. Public roads * Reclamation River, harbor, and flood control Streets and roads Water and sewerage Miscellaneous 15, 544, 573 $0. 461 $1,161, 651 *147,925 135, 531 $7,159, 718 108 53,913 129 15, 644 1,252 1,591 93 50, 450 125 13, 204 1,046 1,335 4,680 2,874, 201 7,260 624,169 65, 844 46, 392 8,720 5, 297, 378 18,188 1, 552, 897 117, 556 197, 601 .537 .543 .399 .402 .560 .235 190 416,050 0 62, 861 74, 276 23,906 16, 667 5,904 1,142 32,475 2,096 6,109 706 10,189 14, 710 5,646 932 30, 549 1,828 5,965 689 8,959 900, 380 419,039 69,331 1, 491, 054 127, 763 160,963 27, 256 341, 386 2,189, 483 569, 432 107, 476 3, 654, 639 227,153 472,168 72, 238 1, 059, 644 .411 .736 .645 .408 .562 .341 .377 .322 17,450 17, 697 85, 920 243,607 111, 144 21, 816 7,713 79,021 P.W.A. projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act funds of 1935, 1936, and 1937 « All projects Building construction Electrification Heavy engineering Reclamation Streets and roads Water and sewerage _. Miscellaneous 2 21,200 17, 859 $1,979,241 2,196,858 $0.901 $4, 487,063 9,727 856 4,282 1,153 637 4,545 0 8,119 725 3,641 919 567 3,888 0 877, 718 61, 823 424,991 103,005 46,852 464, 852 0 863, 762 83, 606 523,998 143,908 79,154 502, 430 0 1.016 .739 .811 .716 .592 .925 0 1,477,617 89,840 1, 264, 808 82,132 20. 923 846,035 705,708 Projects operated by Works Progress Administration 7 Allprojects 82,468,158 ...$140,088,103 277,978,230 $0,504 i1 Unless otherwise noted data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. * The data for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, under plant, crop, and livestock •conservation, and the Bureau of Forest Service, under forestry, are for the calendar month. 4 These data are for projects under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads. * These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico. * These data are included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Works Administration. 7 Data are for the calendar month. Not available by type of project. 8 Represents number of names on pay roll for week ending May 27, 1939. 1 Data on a monthly basis are not available. Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on work projects of the National Youth Administration from the beginning of the program in January 1936 to May 1939, inclusive, are shown in table 12. Similar data for Student Aid are shown from September 1935, the starting date, to April 1939, inclusive. 30 TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects, Financed by The Works Program From the Beginning of Program Through May 1939 1 [Subject to revision] Year and month Number disof persons Pay-roll employed bursements Number of man-hours worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed Work projects $124,949,944 344, 319, 890 237, 468 28, 883, 589 32, 663, 342 41, 558,174 4, 346, 711 75, 827, 799 87, 242,108 117, 910, 943 12,637,013 .381 .374 .352 .344 241, 623 234, 918 227,113 223, 892 4, 456, 772 4, 437, 479 4, 332, 530 4, 271,347 13, 061, 419 12, 918, 481 12,455,047 12, 267,080 .341 .343 .348 January 1936 to May 1939, inclusive. January January January January to December 1936,. to December 1937.. to December 1938.. 1939 February 1939. March 1939.... April 1939 May 1939 $0. 363 2 $13,860,237 Student Aid September 1935 to April 1939, inclusive.. September to December 1935.. January to December 1936 January to December 1937.... January to December 1938 J a n u a r y 1939 __ F e b r u a r y 1939. M a r c h 1939.... April 1939 370,183 376,209 378, 692 383, 344 ;5,943, 554 291, 723, 396 $0. 295 6, 363, 503 25,914, 836 24, 368, 503 19, 681,126 19, 612, 976 85, 517, 290 83, 874, 409 68, 750,836 .324 .303 .291 .286 2, 252, 755 2, 424,409 2, 443,022 2,495, 400 7,952, 452 8, 577, 299 8, 624, 637 8, 813, 497 .283 .283 .283 .283 1 Data are for a calendar month. i Data on a monthly basis are not available. This total represents expenditures through Dec. 31,1938, an& includes rentals and services and some sponsors' contributions. * No expenditures for materials on this type of project. CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS The Civilian Conservation Corps was created by an act of Congress approved June 28, 1937, and succeeded the Emergency Conservation Work which had been set up in April 1933. Employment and pay-roll data for the Civilian Conservation Corps are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is $30 per month. Assistant leaders, not to exceed 10 percent of the total number of enrollees, may receive up to $36 per month, and leaders, not to exceed 6 percent, may receive up to $45 per month. Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in April and May 1939 are presented in table 13. 31 TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, April and May 1939 l [Subject to revision] Number of employees Amount of pay rolls Group April May Allgroups__ .. Enrolled personnel 2 Reserve officers Nurses 3 ._ _ _ ___ Educational advisers 3 Supervisory and technical 3 _ ... ._ -_ April May 335,902 314,343 $15, 022,973 $14,169, 329 297,462 4,980 308 1,589 31, 563 277,429 5,006 308 1, 592 30. 008 9, 317, 489 1, 280, 945 33,032 270,398 4,121,109 8, 672, 278 1, 273, 798 32, 541 267, 070 3, 923, 642 1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amount of pay rolls are for the2 entire month. May data include 3,918 enrollees and pay roll of $86,262 outside continental United States; in April the corresponding figures were 3,828 enrollees and pay roll of $86,438. 3 Included in executive service, table 8- CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in May are presented in table 14, by type of project. TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, May 1939 l [Subject to revision] Maximum n u m b e r of wage earners 2 Type of project All projects _ ._ Building construction 3 W a t e r a n d sewerage _____ . . Monthly pay-roll disbursements Number of man-hours worked during month Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month 2,336 $275, 512 . 342,050 $0. 805 $384, 583 1,567 769 139, 677 135, 835 193, 213 148, 837 .723 .913 227, 220 157, 363 1 2 3 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor. Includes 713 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $66,632; 90,176 man-hours worked", and material orders placed of $28,994 on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL APPROPRIATIONS When a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is started by a department or agency of the Federal Government, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Government agency doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of the different types of materials for which orders were placed during the month. 32 Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations during May are given in table 15, by type of project. TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Regular Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, May 1939 * [Subject to revision] Number of wage earners Type of project Maximum number 2 employed All projects Number of Value of man-hours Average material orders worked earnings per hour placed durduring ing month month 204, 206 $21,811, 566 29, 686, 933 $0. 735 13,109 1, 435,639 1, 562, 283 .919 2,423,404 10, 798 74 41 295 (6) 12,901 9,008 52 41 274 71, 607 12,127 553,155 5,724 2,271 44,124 5, 605, 981 1, 612, 423 1,136,480 5,813 5,157 35, 409 9, 520,159 1, 916, 053 .487 .985 .440 1.246 .589 .842 3, 266, 763 9,271 266 125,821 9,343,301 986,813 27, 529 8,917 24,114 7,979 2, 530, 363 1,055, 990 3, 815, 233 1, 380, 770 .663 .765 2, 547,825 1,187,370 51,611 12, 970 2,613 241 1,027 50, 272 12, 071 2,431 209 9,12 7, 312, 357 1,403, 980 164, 296 21, 297 63,966 8,175, 802 1, 704, 437 319, 432 24, 818 85,087 .824 .514 .858 .752 9,684,901 3, 849,571 276,830 62,639 37,009 3 216,716 Building construction Electrification: Rural Electrification Administration projects4 Other than R. E. A. projects.. Forestry Heavy engineering. Public roads 5 Reclamation River, harboj, andfloodcontrol: Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc Locks and dams Ship construction: Naval vessels Other than naval vessels Streets and roads Water and sewerage _ Miscellaneous __ Weekly average Monthly pay-roll disbursements 16,092 $33,801,784 1 1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes weekly average for public-road projects. <8 Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans. Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads. • Not available, weekly average included in the total for all projects. STATE-ROAD PROJECTS A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or local funds in May 1939, compared with April 1939, and May 1938, is presented in table 16. TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads, May 1939, April 1939, and May 1938 1 [Subject to revision] N u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s i Pay-roll disbursements Item M a y 1939 April 1939 M a y Total. New roads _ Maintenance .. . _ 1938 May 1939 April 1939 May 1938 131,815 122,006 174,137 $9, 765, 600 $9,166,320 $11,387,365 15, 696 116,119 12, 877 109,129 17, 674 156,463 1, 093, 200 8, 672, 400 878, 390 8, 287, 930 1, 212, 665 10,174, 700 1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th and are for projectsfinancedwholly from State or local funds. 2 Average number working during month. O
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