Full text of Employment and Payrolls : May 1936

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S e r ia l N o . R . 407

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner

Employment and Pay Rolls
+

May 1936
+

Prepared by

Division of Employment Statistics
L ewis E. T a lb ert , C hief

and

Division of Construction and Public Employment




H er m a n B. B yer , Chief

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936




CONTENTS

Summary of employment reports for May 1936:
Private employment__________________________________________________
Public employment___________________________________________________
Detailed reports for May 1936:
Private employment_____________ ____________________________________
Public employment___________________________________________________

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Tables
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1.— Employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings in all manufac­
turing industries combined and in nonmanufacturing indus­
tries, May 1936____________________________________________
2.— Summary of Federal employment and pay rolls, April and
May 1936__________________________________________________
3.— Employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings in manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries, May 1936______________
4.— Indexes of employment and pay rolls in all manufacturing
industries combined and in the durable- and nondurablegoods groups, January 1935 to May 1936_________________
5 . — Indexes of employment and pay rolls in selected nonmanufac­
turing industries, January 1 9 3 5 to May 1 9 3 6 _________________
6.— Comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical estab­
lishments in April and May, 1936, by geographic divisions
and by States----------------------------------------------------------------------7.— Comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical estab­
lishments in April and May, 1936, by principal cities_____
8.— Employment in the executive branches of the Federal Gov­
ernment, May 1935 and April and May, 1936_____________
9.— Monthly record of employment in the executive departments
of the Federal Government from May 1935 to May 1936,
inclusive------------------------------------------------------------------------------10.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc­
tion projects financed by Public Works Administration
funds, May 1936, by type of project_____________ _________
11.— Summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by Public Works Adminis­
tration funds from July 1933 to May 1936, inclusive______
12.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects
financed by The Works Program, May 1936, by type of
project_____________________________________________________
13.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects
financed by The Works Program from the beginning of the
program in July 1935 to May 1936, inclusive--------------------1 4 . — Employment and pay rolls in emergency conservation work,
April and May, 1936-----------------------------------------------------------




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7
9

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15.— Employment and pay rolls on the emergency conservation
program from May 1935 to May 1936, inclusive__________
16.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc­
tion projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor­
poration, May 1936, by type of project____________________
17.— Summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from May 1935 to May 1936,
inclusive____________________________________________________
18.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc­
tion projects financed from regular governmental appro­
priations, May 1936, by type of project___________________
19.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc­
tion projects financed from regular governmental appro­
priations from May 1935 to May 1936, inclusive_______
20.— Employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction
and maintenance of State roads from May 1935 to May
1936, inclusive______________________________________________




26

27

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29

29

EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Summary of Reports for May 1936
I NDUSTRIAL employment and pay rolls again increased between
April and May, according to reports from more than 135,000
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments surveyed by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Although seasonal activity was a primary factor in the gains regis­
tered by a number of manufacturing industries, the net increases for
manufacturing as a whole were contraseasonal.
Gains in employment were shown by 12 of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries surveyed, and increased pay rolls by all but 1 (bituminous-coal mining). Among the industries showing marked gains
in both employment and pay rolls were building construction, anthra­
cite mining, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, dyeing and cleaning,
and metalliferous mining.
An increase in the number of workers employed by class I steam
railroads was also shown between April and May, according to pre­
liminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
The public employment reports for May showed marked increases
in the number of employees working on construction projects financed
by regular governmental appropriations and on construction projects
financed by the Public Works Administration. Substantial employ­
ment gains also occurred on construction projects financed by the
Reconstruction Finance Corporation and on the emergency conserva­
tion program.
Private Employment

It is estimated that nearly 90,000 workers were returned to employ­
ment between April and May in the manufacturing and nonmanufac­
turing industries surveyed. Weekly pay rolls were increased by
approximately $6,900,000. In comparison with the corresponding
month of last year, May 1936 shows increases of more than 654,000
in number of workers employed and nearly $36,000,000 in weekly
wage disbursements. These estimates are based on reports from
approximately 135,000 establishments. In May these establish­
ments employed more than 7,200,000 workers, whose weekly earnings
totaled more than $170,000,000.




(1)

2

Contrary to the seasonal movement, factory employment rose 0.7
percent in May, continuing the upswing which has been shown each
month since January. This gain represented the return of more than
51,000 workers to jobs and brought the employment index to 85.7.
The factory pay-roll index advanced 1.8 percent to 79.3; expressed in
dollars, the gain in weekly wages over the month interval amounted
to $2,659,000. The May indexes for both employment and pay rolls
stood at the highest level reached since October 1930.
Employment in the durable-goods group of manufacturing indus­
tries showed a gain of 2.1 percent over the year, the May 1936 index
standing at 79.2 and exceeding the level of any month since October
1930. The nondurable-goods group, however, showed a decline of
0.4 percent in employment, due primarily to seasonal decreases in
the textile and leather industries. Despite this recession, the M ay
1936 employment index for the nondurable-goods group stood at
92.7 and was 1.0 percent above the figure for May 1935.
Fifty of the ninety manufacturing industries surveyed showed gains
in employment over the month interval and 65 reported increased
pay rolls. The gains in May brought the level of employment in a
number of industries above the maximum recorded in any month
during recent years. Employment in blast furnaces, steel works,
and rolling mills reached the highest level since September 1930;
foundries and machine shops employed more workers than in any
month since September 1930; engine-turbine-tractor factories em­
ployed more workers than in any month since March 1930; and the
electrical machinery, steam fitting, sawmill, brick, and steam-railroad repair shop industries had more employees than in any month
since the latter part of 1931.
Seasonal activity was a primary factor in the employment gains of
19.2 percent in ice cream, 14.2 percent in radios and phonographs, 9.2
percent in beverages, 9.0 percent in beet sugar, and 5.5 percent in
butter. Employment increased sharply in a number of the industries
manufacturing building-construction materials and supplies. The
cement industry showed a gain of 11.6 percent; brick, tile, and terra
cotta, 8.7 percent; structural and ornamental metalwork, 7.2 per­
cent; lighting equipment, 5.6 percent; marble-slate-granite, 5.1
percent; sawmills, 2.5 percent; and steam fittings, millwork, paint
and varnish, and plumbers7 supplies, from 1.0 percent to 2.8 percent.
The locomotive industry reported a gain of 10.7 percent, and employ­
ment in the blast furnace, steel works, rolling mill industry rose 3.1
percent. Other industries of major importance reporting increases
were foundries and machine shops, 2.8 percent; electrical machinery,
apparatus and supplies, 2.3 percent; furniture, 1.2 percent; baking,
1.2 percent; and automobiles, 1.4 percent. Gains ranging from 2.1
percent to 3.1 percent were shown in men's furnishings, slaughtering,



3

rubber tires and tubes, cigars and cigarettes, and rayon and allied
products. Employment in the machine-tool industry continued the
upward movement which has been shown consistently each month
since October 1934. The gain of 1.7 percent in employment in this
industry from April to May raised the May index (107.8) to the
maximum recorded in any month since October 1930.
The most pronounced declines in employment from April to May
were seasonal. The fertilizer industry reported a decrease of 19.7
percent; cottonseed— oil, cake, meal, 14.8 percent; millinery, 6.6
percent; and men’s clothing, 5.1 percent.
Employment in the silk and rayon goods industry decreased 6.6
percent and in dyeing and finishing textiles, 4.0 percent. Boot and
shoe factories reported a seasonal decrease of 3.4 percent and the
shirt and collar industry showed a decline of 3.1 percent. Declines
ranging from 2.0 percent to 2 8 percent were shown in the confectionery,
explosive, flour, women’s clothing, corset, and cotton smallware
industries. Eleven industries showed declines ranging from 1.0
percent to 1.8 percent, and the remaining 15 industries which regis­
tered declines showed losses ranging from less than 0.1 percent to
0.8 percent.
Twelve of the sixteen nonmanufacturing industries surveyed showed
gains in employment and all except one (bituminous-coal mining)
showed larger pay rolls.
Substantial gains in employment were reported in the private
building construction, anthracite mining, quarrying, dyeing and
cleaning, and metal-mining industries. The gain of 13 percent in
the private building construction industry is larger than the gain
shown in May of any of the 4 preceding years for which information is
available. Sharp gains in the production of anthracite coal resulted
in an increase of 10.3 percent in employment. Seasonal activity
accounted for the gains of 7.5 percent in quarrying and 6.7 percent
in dyeing and cleaning. Metal mines showed a further increase in
number of workers (5.7 percent), continuing the gains which have
been reported each month since July 1935. The May 1936 employ­
ment index for this industry (60.8) reached the highest point recorded
since May 1931. Laundries reported a seasonal increase of 2.7 per­
cent in employment and crude-petroleum-producing firms increased
their forces by 1.9 percent. Hotels continued to add workers to
their pay rolls and each of the three public-utility industries surveyed
(telephone and telegraph, electric light and power and manufactured
gas, and electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance)
reported gains in employment. Insurance offices also showed a slight
gain in number of employees.
Employment in retail-trade establishments showed little change,
reports from 56,426 establishments indicating a net decline of only




4
0.2 percent. The decline was confined largely to the general-mer­
chandising group of retail establishments, composed of department,
variety, and general-merchandise stores and mail-order houses, in
which employment rose sharply in April in response to spring and
Easter shopping. Retail apparel stores also reported a seasonal
slackening in employment. Among the lines of retail trade in which
additional workers were employed in May, the largest gains were
shown in lumber and building materials, hardware, automotive, drug,
and furniture stores.
Reports received from 16,197 wholesale-trade establishments
employing 307,903 workers in May showed a net decline of 1.3 per­
cent in employment over the month interval, although gains were
reported in a number of important lines of trade, including food
products, furniture, hardware, machinery, chemicals, paper and paper
products, automotive, and lumber. These increases, however, were
not sufficient to offset the decreases reported in wholesale dry goods
and apparel, groceries, petroleum and petroleum products, farm sup­
plies, and other lines of wholesale trade.
Bituminous-coal mines and brokerage firms reported decreases in
employment of 1.6 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively.
According to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce
Commission, there were 1,056,000 workers (exclusive of executives
and officials) employed by class I railroads in M ay 1936 as against
1,037,798 in April, a gain of 1.8 percent. Pay-roll data for M ay
were not available at the time this report was prepared. The total
compensation of all employees except executives and officials was
$143,505,090 in April and $144,859,291 in March, a decrease of 0.9
percent. The preliminary indexes of employment, compiled by the
Interstate Commerce Commission and based on the 3-year average
1923-25 as 100, are 59.8 for May and 58.8 for April. The final
March index is 57.2
Hours and earnings.— Average hours worked per week in the
manufacturing industries surveyed rose 1.2 percent from 38.7 in
April to 39.2 in May. Hourly earnings climbed from 57.3 cents in
April to 57.4 cents in May, a gain of 0.1 percent. Average weekly
earnings rose 1.1 percent over the month interval, the M ay figure
being $22.95.
Gains in average hours worked per week were shown by 11 of the
14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data are com­
piled. These increases ranged from less than 0.1 percent in metalliferrous mining to 69.8 percent in anthracite mining. Hourly earn­
ings were up in 9 of the 14 industries, the gains ranging from 0.3
percent in the electric light and power and manufactured gas industry
to 2.3 percent in anthracite mining and dyeing and cleaning. Nine




5
of the fourteen industries and one other, brokerage, showed gains in
average weekly earnings. Among them were anthracite mining, 78.2
percent; quarrying and nonmetallic miring, 8.5 percent; building
construction, 6.3 percent; and dyeing and cleaning, 5.5 percent.
Table 1 presents a summary of employment and pay-roll indexes
and average weekly earnings in May 1936 for all manufacturing indus­
tries combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, and for
class I railroads, with percentage changes over the month and year
intervals except in the few industries for which certain items cannot
be computed. The indexes of employment and pay rolls for the
manufacturing industries are based on the 3-year average 1923-25
as 100 and for the nonmanufacturing industries, on the 12-month
average for 1929 as 100.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1936
Employment

Industry
Index,
M ay
1936

Percentage
change from—

Index,
M ay
1936

Percentage
Percentage
change from— Aver­ change from—
age in
M ay
April M a y
1936 April M a y
1936
1935
1936
1935

April
1936

M ay
1935

(1928A ll manufacturing industries com ­ 25=100)
bined..................... ...........................
85.7

+ 0 .7

+ 5.5

(192825=100)
77.3

+ 1.8

Class I steam railroads 1..................

+ 1 .7

+ 7 .2

(2)

(2)

Coal mining:
Anthracite........ .............. ...........
Bituminous____ ____________
Metalliferous m ining.................. .
Quarrying and nonmetallic min­
ing.....................................................
Crude-petroleum producing............
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph..........
Electric light and power and
manufactured gas__________
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and mainte­
nance.........................................
Trade:
Wholesale.....................................
Retail........... ............. .................
General merchandising___
Other than general mer­
chandising_____________
Hotels (cash payments only) 8___
Laundries______ __________________
Dyeing and cleaning____ ________
Brokerage.................. ....................
Insurance___________________ _____
Building construction.......................

59.8

(1929=
100)
54.9 +10.3
76.2 - 1 .6
60.8 + 5 .7

Per capita weekly
earnings

Pay roll

+15.8 $22.95
(2)

+ 2 .5
+1. 2
+37.0

(1929=
100)
56.3 +96.5 +13.6
62.2
- . 6 +26.7
47.7 + 4 .9 +51.6
42.1 +16. 7 +28.6
58.0 + 1 .8
+ .3

+ 1.1

(2)

(2)




(2)

29.79 +78.2
20. 72 + 1 .0
-.8
24.09

+10.8
+25.2
+10.7

20.30
28.86

+ 8. 5
-.1

+22.2
+ 5 .0

52.0
72.5

+ 7 .5
+ 1 .9

+ 5 .1
- 4 .6

71.6

+ 1 .1

+ 2 .3

78.5

+ 3 .3

+ 6 .6

29.47

+ 2 .2

+ 4 .2

88.9

+ 1 .0

+ 6 .7

87.0

+ 1 .0

+ 9 .0

31.66

0

+ 2 .1

71.5

+ .4

-.1

66.1

+ .3

+ 3 .9

29.93

-.1

+ 4 .1

84.6
85.0
95.5

-1 .3
-.2
-2 .0

+ 2 .6
+ 3 .4
+ 4 .5

68.2
65.8
80.8

+ .5
+ .7
-.2

+ 5 .5
+ 6.1
+ 6 .0

28.61
20.69
17. 56

+ 1 .7
+. 9
+ 1 .8

+ 2 .9
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .4

62.7
+ . 9 + 6 .2
67.0 + 1 .0
+ 5 .1
75.6 + 6 .6 +13.4
72.2 +12.5 +17.0
+ .1 +36.6
(2)
+ . 2 + 4 .0
(2)
+20.2 +39.8
(2)

23.37
13.94
16.46
20.30
37. 52
38.16
27.00

+ .6
-.1
+ 3 .7
+ 5 .5
+ .3
-(< )
+ 6 .3

+ 3 .0
+ 1 .9
+ 7 .7
+ 8 .4
+ 7 .5
+ 3 .1
+14.9

82.3
+ . 3 +3.1
84.1 + 1 .2
+ 3.1
+ 5 .5
85.5 + 2 .7
87.3 + 6 .7
+ 7 .9
- . 2 +27.1
(2)
+. 2
+. 9
(2)
+13.0 +21.6
(2)

1 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
2 N ot available.
3 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
* Less than Ho of 1 percent.

80067— 36-------2

+ 9 .6

6
Public Employment

During May more than 315,000 employees were working on con­
struction projects financed from Public Works Administration funds.
Compared with the previous month this is an increase of 51,000, or
19.3 percent. Substantial employment gains were registered on
Federal and non-Federal projects financed from funds provided by the
National Industrial Recovery Act. On non-Federal projects financed
from funds provided by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of
1935 the number of employees increased from 108,000 in April to
144.000 in May. Total pay-roll disbursements for May amounted to
$22,591,000, a gain of 19.4 percent over April.
A substantial increase in the number of workers employed on con­
struction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations
was also reported. During the month there were approximately
80.000 wage earners employed, a gain of 32.7 percent compared with
April. Marked increases in employment occurred on public-road
projects and on river, harbor, and flood-control work. Pay-roll dis­
bursements also advanced, increasing from $5,205,000 in April to
$6,243,000 in May.
Employment on construction projects financed by the Reconstruc­
tion Finance Corporation showed a moderate gain. During the
month 10,988 wage earners were employed on these projects, an
increase of 967 compared with the number working in April. Employ­
ment gains occurred on bridge-construction projects and on buildingconstruction projects, but the sharpest increase was registered on
water and sewerage work. Total pay-roll disbursements of $962,000,
however, were 15.1 percent less than in April.
The number of wage earners employed on projects financed by
The Works Program decreased in May. During the month there
were approximately 268,000 fewer workers engaged on this program
than in April. On Federal projects employment totaled 401,000,
an increase of 6.8 percent over the previous month. On projects
operated by the Works Progress Administration, however, the num­
ber of employees decreased from 2,857,000 in April to 2,563,000 in
May. Total pay-roll disbursements of $150,696,000 were $9,360,000
less than in April.
In the regular agencies of the Federal Government, increases in
the number of employees were reported for the executive, judicial,
and legislative services; a small decrease, however, occurred in the
military service. The level of employment in the executive service
increased less than 1 percent in May but was 14.8 percent higher
compared with May 1935. Of the 818,228 employees in the execu­
tive service in May, 117,229 were working in the District of Columbia
and 700,999, outside the District. The most pronounced increase in
employment in the executive departments of the Federal Govern­



7
ment in May occurred in the War Department. Marked gains also
were reported in the Department of Agriculture, the Resettlement
Administration, the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Treasury
Department. There were appreciable decreases in the number of
workers, on the other hand, in the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, the
Works Progress Administration, and the Department of the Interior.
Employment during May in emergency conservation work (Civil­
ian Conservation Camps) was the highest of any month since Feb­
ruary 1936. During the month the number of employees totaled
408,000, an increase of 17,000 compared with April. All groups of
employees with the exception of supervisory and technical workers
registered employment gains. Pay-roll disbursements amounted to
$18,610,000, an increase of $552,000 over the previous month.
The number of workers employed on the construction and mainte­
nance of State roads in May was greater than in any month since
October 1935. During the month there were 180,922 workers
engaged on this program, an increase of 26,278 compared with em­
ployment in April. Of the total number employed, 16,566 or 9.2
percent were engaged in new-road construction and 164,356 or 90.8
percent in maintenance work. Pay-roll disbursements also showed a
marked gain, increasing from $8,918,000 in April to more than
$10,560,000 in May.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for M ay
is presented in table 2.
Table 2.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, May 1936
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Class
M ay
Federal service:
Executive 1_______________ _____
Judicial.............................................
Legislative-............................ .........
M ilitary........ ...................................
Construction projects:
Financed b y P. W . A ........ ............
Financed b y R . F. C ____________
Financed b y regular governmen­
tal appropriations........................
The Works Program: 8
Federal projects........... ...................
Projects operated b y W . P. A ----Relief work: Emergency conservation
work-------- ---------------- ---------------------

April

Per­
centage
change

2 818, 228
1,927
5,032
296,746

810,767
1,924
4,945
297,394

+ 0 .9
+ .2
+ 1 .8
-.2

4 315, 393
6 10,988

« 264,427
7 10,021

+19.3
+ 9.6

79,789

60,107

+32.7

401, 298
2,563,185

375, 865
2,856, 508

+ 6 .8
-1 0 .3

®407,621 3 10391,002

+ 4 .3

P ay roll
M ay

April

$126,867, 718 3$125,145, 629
492,188
511, 303
1,187, 232
1,172, 205
22,751, 644
22, 442,140
* 22, 590,878
6 962,280

Per­
centage
change
+ 1 .4
-3 .7
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .4

5 18,915,663
7 1,133,880

+ 19 .4
-1 5 .1

6, 242,763

5,205,353

+ 19.9

19,160, 510
131, 535,493

16,563,885
143,492,350

+15 .7
- 8 .3

9 18, 610,245 3io is, 058, 235

+ 3 .1

1 Data, concerning number of wage earners refer to employment on last day of month specified. Includes
employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
2 Includes 136 employees b y transfer previously reported as separations b y transfer not actual additions
for M ay.
3 Revised.
* Includes 149,334 wage earners and $9,101,702 pay roll covering P. W . A. projects financed from
E . R. A. A. 1935 funds.
« Includes 112,345 wage earners and $6,346,433 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from
E. R. A. A. 1935 funds.
6 Includes 85 employees and pay roll of $7,621, on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage Co.
7 Includes 131 employees and pay roll of $8,531 on projects financed b y R. F. C. Mortgage Co.
8 Data covering P. W . A. projects financed from E. R. A . A. 1935 funds are not included in The W orks
Program and shown only under P. W . A.
<*41,510 employees and pay roll of $5,750,350 included in executive service.
i° 42,220 employees and pay roll of $5,900,025 included in executive service.




8

Detailed Reports for May 1936
Private Employment
O N TH LY reports on employment and pay rolls in private
industry are now available for the following groups: 90 manu­
facturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including build­
ing construction; and class I steam railroads. The reports for the
first two of these groups— manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—
are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and
in virtually all industries the samples are sufficiently large to be
entirely representative. The figures on class I steam railroads are
compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission and are presented
in the foregoing summary.

M

Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in M a y 1936
T h e indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in May 1936 are
shown in table 3. Percentage changes from April 1936 and May
1935 are also given.




Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1936
Employment

Industry
Index,
M ay
1936

Percentage
change from—
April
1936

Average weekly
earnings 1

Pay rolls

M ay
1935

Index,
M ay
1936

April
1936

M ay
1935

M ay
1936

M ay
1936

M ay
1936
April
1936

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

Average hourly
earnings 1

Average hours worked
per week i

April
1936

M ay
1935

April
1936

M ay
1935

M ay
1935

Il

Manufacturing (indexes are based on 8-year average 19 23 -25 = tOO)
All m anufacturing industries.
Durable goods........
Nondurable goods..

+ 9 .8

Cents
57.4

+ 0 .1

0

+ 1 .3
+ .8

+12.8
+ 5 .3

61.8
53.0

- .1
+ .1

+ 1 .3
- 1 .3

41.5
41.9
42.7
39.5

+ 1 .6
+ 1 .1
-.9
+ 8 .6

+17.7
+21.1
+15.0
+25.1

61.6
66.2
56.7
48.2

-.1
-.2
-.6
- 1 .0

+ .3
+• 1
-.3
- 1 .5

+ 7 .3
+ 3 .0
+23.1
+ 9 .3

38.8
41.9
41.0
39.6

-2 .3
+. 2
+ 2 .5
+ 5 .8

+ 7 .8
+ 4 .3
+19.1
+ 6 .6

52.9
61.7
55.8
57.5

+ .8
-1 .0
+ .7
+ .8

+ .2
+ .1
+ 1 .5
+ 2 .2

+ 3 .0
+ .9
+ 3 .6
+ 1 .6

+11.6
+ 9.9
+20.5
+ 4 .0

41.1
41.3
42.6
39.3

+ 3 .0
+ 1 .1
+ 4 .9
+ 1 .5

+11.0
+10.7
+22.4
+ 2 .8

58.5
57.2
57.1
55.2

- ( 2)
-.3
-1 .2
-.8

-.1
-.8
- 1 .6
-.4

-.8
-.5

+ 8 .0
+20.3

43.3
42.2

-.6
-.6

+ 9 .0
+22.3

53.8
54.8

-.1
+ .2

-.5
-.8

85.7

+0 .7

+ 5.5

79.3

+ 1 .8

+15.8

$22.95

+ 1 .1

+ 9 .6

39.2

79.2
92.7

+ 2.1
-.4

+10.9
+ 1.0

76.1
83.4

+ 3.1
+ .1

+26.6
+ 5 .3

25. 95
19.81

+ 1 .1
+ .6

+14.1
+ 4 .3

41.3
37.1

81.1
82.1
87.3
58.2

+ 2 .5
+ 3.1
+ .8
+ 2 .5

+13.0
+11.6
+9.1
+18.4

76.9
82.5
81.9
40.7

+ 4 .1
+ 4 .2
-.8
+ 9 .7

+31.9
+35.3
+25.8
+48.6

26.01
27. 75
24. 21
19.34

+ 1 .5
+ 1 .1
-1 .6
+ 7 .0

+17.8
+21.1
+15.3
+25.4

76.5
68.7
54.8
94.8

- 1 .8
+ 2.6
-.8
+ 1 .0

- 2 .3
+14.4
+ 3.0
+21.1

62.5
56.1
53.7
64.9

- 3 .5
+ 1 .6
+ 2 .6
+ 7 .7

+ 4 .8
+18.0
+26.9
+32.4

20.39
25.89
22.77
22.81

-1 .7
-.9
+ 3 .4
+ 6 .6

61.8
106.2
69.1
98.6

+ 2.8
+ 1.3
+ 7 .2
+ 2.9

+20.3
+ 7.2
+23.4
+9.1

46.3
87.5
60.7
98.6

+ 5 .9
+ 2 .2
+11.1
+ 4 .6

+34.4
+17.9
+48.4
+13.3

24.04
23.51
24. 34
21.81

72.4
147.5

-.3
+ 2 .2

+12. 6
+15.8

73.9
149.2

- 1 .1
+ 1 .7

+21.5
+39.6

23.19
23.14

Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, n o t in­
cluding m achinery__________________________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills. _
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets_____________
Cast-iron pipe_______________________________
Cutlary (not including silver and plated cut­
lery), and edge tools----------------------------------Forgings, iron and steel.......... .......... ............ .
Hardware-----------------------------------------------------Plumbers’ supplies____ _____________________
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings_______________________ _____
Stoves-----------------------------------------------------------Structural and ornamental metalwork_______
Tin cans and other tinware__________________
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools, files, and saws)______________________
Wire work_________ _________________________

1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
b y a smaller number of establishments as a^l reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year are computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month
in average weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing industries com bined, and for retail tr$4© ai>6 ajso com puted from indexes.
? Less than Ho of 1 percent.
. . . .
.
.
.
-




Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1936— Continued

Industry

Index,
M ay
1936

Percentage
change from—
April

Average weekly
earnings *

Pay rolls

Employment

M ay
1935

Index,
M ay
1936

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
M ay
1936

M ay
1936
April
1936

M ay
1935

Average hourly
earnings 1

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
M ay
1936

April
1936

Average hours worked
per week 1

April
1936

M ay
1935

April

M ay
1935

M ay
1935

Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25 — 100)
M a ch in e ry , n o t in c lu d in g t r a n s p o r ta tio n
e q u ip m e n t --------------------- ------- - ...........................
Agricultural implements____________________
Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu­
lating machines___________________________
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup­
plies----------------------------------------------------------Engines, turbines, tractors, and water
w h e e ls .................................. ............ .................
Foundry and machine-shop products— ........
Machine tools---------------- . . . ---------- --------------Kadios and phonographs____________________
Textile machinery and parts---------- --------------Typewriters and p a r t s .._______ ____________
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t ........ ............. ..........
Aircraft-------- ------------------------------------------------A utom obiles________________________________
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad......... ............
Locom otives____________________ ___________
Shipbuilding____________________ ____________
R a ilroa d repair s h o p s . . . .......................................
Electric railroad........... .........................................
Steam railroad_______ _______________________
N o n fe rr o u s m eta ls a n d th eir p r o d u c ts ______
Aluminum manufactures_______ _____________
Brass, bronze, and copper products__________
Clocks and watches and time-recording de­
vices___________________ ___________________
Jewelry_____________________________________
Lighting equipment_________________________
Silverware and plated ware__________________
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and
zinc__________________ _____________________
Stamped and enameled ware..............................




+12.7
+ 7 .3

41.9
40.8

29.16

+ 1.0

+ 9 .6

42.0

+22.0

25. 30

+ 1 .3

+11.7

40.9

27. 68
25. 84
28. 22
20.42
24. 64
23. 29
30.47
25. 90
31. 39
23.13
25. 29
27.93
28.75
28. 60
28.79
22.59
23.00
24.19

+ .5

+ 4 .0
+16.0
11.6
+ 9 .2

+ (2)
+ 3.5

+23.7
+35.3
+45.0
+39.7
+23.4
21.2
+19.0
+36.5
+18.1
+ 4 .2
+23.4
+45.5
+17.3
+ 4.1
+18.6
+18.1
+15.8
+19.2

+ 1 .5

+23.4

+ 7 .6
+ .3
+ 2 .3
-3 .8

+32.2
+52.7

$25.58
24. 99

107.7

+2.6

+29.4

+ 8.9

71.1

+ 3 .6

+19.0
+16.7
+29.8
+28.2
+10.7

91.8
78.4
101.7
141.9
63.6
97.2

+• 7
+ 3 .9
+ 4 .3
+20.3
1.8
1.8

+• 5
+ .3
+• 4

+ 6 .4
+ 1.9
- 2 .0
12.6
+• 1
+ 1 .7
+ .3
1.6

+ 1.0

+13. 3
+ 7 .4
8.1
+8.5

433.8
124.0
68.-6
17.0
95. 6
61.6
62, 7
61.6
75.2
78.8
73.3

91.4
67.7
82.3
65.1

+ .2
- .8
+5.6
-.6

+13.5
+3.0
+19.0
-1 1 .9

79.9
52.8
80.4
48.9

88.0
110.8

-.7
- 1 .7

+10.7
+ 3.7

64.9
97.3

+3.0
- 1 .5

+17.3
+42.5

89.6
168.8

121.2

+1.6

+18.0

77.1

+ 2.3

120.6

+• 2
2.8
+1.7
+14.2
-.5
+ .8

86.1

107.8
215.4
70.4
106.6
105.5
544.1
115.6
62.2
34.7
98.7
60.1
65.9
59.7
89.0
84.6
87.7

+

+ 1.2

+2.4
+ 1.4
1
+10.7
-

1.1

+11.2

+2.7
+38.8
-.6
+ 3.2
+15.2
+29.2

_ 9. + 12.1
4- 3

+ .3

+

112.1

+0.8
-.7

2. 1

99.1
138.3

+ 3 .8
-

+
+1.6
+2.1

-.4

+12.4
+ 4 .3

-. 1

+ .4

+ .4
-.5
+ .4
- 1 .7
+ .8
+ .7
+ .2
+ .2
+ .3
- 1 .9
+ .7
+• 6
~ ( 2)
+ .1
-(* )

+ 3.6
+ .5
+ .8
- 4 .4

- 1 .0
+ 2.5

+ .2

++ 4.8
1.1

51.5
56.3
55.5
57.8

+ 1 .3

+ 3 .3
- 1 .6
-2 .2
+ .6

+38.2
-1 4 .1

+ 1.3
2.8
+ 1.9
+ .9

+ 8 .7
+ 2.9
+16.0
- 2 .7

39.6
36.5
41.6
36.8

+ ( 2)
+2.1
+ 3.6
+ .8

+ 4 .9
+ 6.5
+18.5
- 3 .8

+27.1
+16.8

23. 66
20.77

+ 2.9

+15.1

41.6

+ 2.0
- 1 .3

+12.2

+6.1

2 .0

+ 1 .7
1.2
+ 1 .3
+ .5

+

- 1.6
+18.8
1.0
+ 7.3
+12.5
+ 4.7
+ 3 .7
+ 4 .8

+

+1.1 +10.0
+ 1 .3
+
-

2.1

+12.6

+2.6

68.9
59.6
63.1
53.5
59.3
57.4
75.0
64.2
76.6
61.0
64.2
75.3
67.8
62.1
68. 2
55.6
56.9
58.7

20.36
21.03
22. 98
21. 39

-

+ 0 .5

61.4

+ 6.9
+ 9 .9

+ 4 .0
+ .5

- 0 .4
1

+• 1
+16.0
10.8
+13.8
+12.6
+ 8 .7
+10.9
+ 6.8
+12.2
+ 4.8
10.1
+10.9
+ 4 .1
+ 1 .5
+ 5 .0
+9 .8
+ 1 .7
+ 9 .2

-.3
+ 2 .5

+
1.1
+
+ 2 .5
+ 5 .3
+ 11.6
+ 2 .3
+ 9.1
++1.1
+15.9
.5

Cents
60.7
61.4

+ 1.2 +8.1
+ 1.2 +12.7

40.2
43.3
44.6
38.2
41.6
40.6
40.4
42.1
41.0
37.9
39.4
36.6
42.5
44.9
42.3
40.4
40.4
41.2

+
+
+
+1.6

+

+ 1.6

+. 1

+ 1.6
+ 2.2 +

+ 7 .2
+ 1.4
+ .4
+ .4
+ 4 .2
+ .2
1
+1.0

+ 1.1
+1.1
++•1.24
+1.2

+

+ 10.2

70.1

56.9
50.9

+ 1.5

+. 7
~ ( 2)

+ 1.1
-

1.6

+ ( 2)

+ 1.0
-.7

1.1

-

+ .3
+ 5.1
-3 .2
6.6
- 3 .3
- 2 .7

+

+1.0

-.4
+ .8
—. 5
+ .6

+ 4 .9
+ .4

L u m b e r a n d allied p r o d u c ts — ...................... -J
F urniture.---------------------------------------------------Lumber:
M illw ork------- ------------ ---------- -----------------Sawmills____________________ ___________
Turpentine and rosin-----------------------------------S to n e , cla y, a n d glass p r o d u c ts __________^___
Brick, tile, and terra cotta___________________
Cement_____ ________________________________
Glass________________________________________
Marble, granite, slate, and other products___
Pottery______ ______________________________

56.7
73.0

+ 2 .0
+ 1 .2

+11.4
+ 9.0

48.1
56.7

+ 3 .9
+ .9

+38.2
+20.2

19.29
18. 59

+ 1 .8
-.3

+24.0
+10.1

41.6
40.4

+ 1 .2
-.4

+18.8
+10.6

45.8
46.0

+ .4
-.4

+ 3 .8
+ .1

49.8
38.4
97.8
59.8
39.9
58.4
97.3
31.0
70.2

+ 2 .6
+ 2 .5
- 1 .2
+ 3 .6
+ 8 .7
+11.6
+ .2
+ 5 .1
-1 .8

+22.3
+13.0
-1 . 2
+8.7
+35.0
+ 2 .3
+ 2 .7
+ 8 .9
- 1 .8

43.9
31.3
58.1
49.3
29.5
44.0
93.0
27.4
52.8

+ 6 .4
+ 5 .2
+ 1 .9
+ 5 .1
+ 14.2
+15.1
+ 1 .0
+17.7
- 7 .2

+50.9
+55.4
+ 1. 5
+22.3
+ 66.7
+19.6
+14.0
+ 29.3
+ 5 .0

20.06
19. 57
13. 90
21.46
19. 23
21.95
22. 38
28.14
20.20

+ 3 .7
+ 2 .6
+ 3.1
+ 1 .4
+ 5 .1
+ 3 .1
+ .8
+12.1
-5 .4

+23.4
+37.9
+ 2 .7
+12.4
+23.3
+16.5
+ 11.0
+18.7
+ 6 .7

43.6
42.2

+ 3 .9
+ 1 .1

+23.1
+28.0

46.0
46.7

-.1
+ 1.1

+ (2)
+ 9 .2

39.2
43.3
38.9
36.9
41.4
38.0

+ 2 .2
+ 5 .1
+ 3 .9
+• 6
+ 8 .7
-3 .7

+14.9
+27.1
+16.1
+ 6 .8
+18.9
+11.5

56.2
44.7
56.3
60.9
68.7
55.7

+ .1
+ .3
-.8
+ .4
+ 4 .5
-.2

+ .8
-1 .3
+. 6
+ 4 .2
+ 1 .6
+ .7

- 2 .0
+ .7
- 1 .3
-.3
+. 5
+. 3
+ 2 .8
~ ( 2)
- 2 .8
- 5 .2
- 4 .0
- 2 .6
+ .6
+ 4 .2
- 1 .3
+ 1 .2
- 6 .6
- 8 .2
- 1 .3
- 4 .8
- 3 .7
+ 2 .7
- 5 .1
+ .8
- 2 .7
+ 7.0
- 2 .8
- 7 .1
+ 2.1 • + 6 .4
- 6 .6
+ 2.1
- 3 .1
- 1 .4
- 2 .9
- 3 .2
- 3 .4
- 4 .4
+ 1.1
-.7
+ 2 .3
+ .5
+1. 2
+ 1 .8
+ 9 .2
+10.7
+ 5 .5
+ 2.3
- 8 .8
-0 )
- 2 .2
- 7 .0
- 4 .2
- 2 .6
+19.2
+ 5.6
+ 2 .6
+ 2 .8
-1 2 .2
+ 9 .0
- .1
- 2 .2

77.0
76.4
68.8
77.3
73.8
87.7
77.9
105.4
49.4
67.2
73.8
63.3
95.2
82.2
73.0
54.3
101.9
65.9
56.8
95.9
92.7
104.1
192.9
61.0
85.1
59.9
65.2
69.4
77.6
39.4
74.0

- 3 .7
-2 .4
-.6
+ .3
- 5 .8
- 8 .6
+ 9 .2
- 4 .6
- 7 .7
1
- 6 .2
-6 .7
-5 .9
-5 .5
+ 2 .9
-1 3 .9
-3 .8
- 5 .7
-8 .9
+ 1 .4
+ 5 .7
+ 3 .7
+14.8
+ 8 .0
+ 8 .0
-.9
+ 2 .2
+ 20.4
+ 5 .3
+ 8 .1
+ .1

+ 2 .0
+ 2 .0
-6 .7
+ 9 .3
-2 .5
+ 1 .7
+ 13.7
+ 3 .3
-9 .2
-5 .6
+ 2 .4
-1 .8
+ 6 .5
-1 .0
+ 2 .9
+ 11.7
-1 .9
- 8 .9
-1 4 .7
+ 6 .5
+ 6 .2
+ 7 .0
+ 18.7
+ 6 .3
+ 1 .7
- 5 .5
+ 4 .7
+11.5
+ 4 .8
- 6 .4
-2 .3

15.90
15. 62
19.00
13. 47
16. 71
19.11
21. 69
16.03
14. 96
17. 76
16. 72
16. 97
18. 35
15. 47
13.06
20. 76
12. 86
16.80
15. 32
21. 69
22.39
22.89
32. 51
21. 91
15. 06
15. 81
23.40
26. 33
23. 34
23. 84
22. 91

- 1 .8
-1 .2
- 1 .1
+ .3
- 3 .1
-4 .8
+ 8 .6
- 3 .3
-1 .2
+ 1 .1
- 2 .6
-1 .7
-3 .2
- 2 .8
+ .8
—7. 9
-.7
- 3 .0
-5 .7
+ 2 .1
+ 3 .3
+ 2 .5
+ 5 .2
+ 2 .3
+ 8 .0
+ 1 .3
+ 4 .9
+ 1 .0
+ 2 .6
-.8
+ .2

+ 1 .2
+ 2 .3
- 7 .1
+ 6 .6
+ 2 .9
+ 4 .2
+ 9 .2
+ 2 .2
- 1 .2
- 1 .0
-.4
-2 .6
-.3
+ 6 .5
- 3 .3
+ 9 .1
-.6
- 5 .9
-1 0 .9
+ 5 .4
+ 5 .7
+ 5 .2
+ 7 .0
+ 3. 9
+11.4
+ 1 .8
+ 9 .3
+ 5 .3
+ 1 .9
+ 6 .4
+ .1

35.1
36.0
34.1
36.9
37.5
36.5
31.1
35.1
34.8
35.6
33.4
30.6
35.1
34.2
35.8

-.3
-.7
-.5
+ .3
-3 .5
- 5 .1
+10.4
- 2 .1
- 2 .1
+ .8
+ .5
+. 5
+ 2 .6
-2 .3
-.9

+ 7 .2
45.2
+ 6 .6
43.7
- 4 .1
55.7
+11.1
36.6
+ 2 .8
44.5
+ 4 .1
52.2
+ 8 .6
67.9
+ 6 .6
46.9
+ 7 .5
42.9
-1 .4
50.1
+ 9 .1
48.3
+ 6 .2
55.1
+ 9 .3 * 47.4
+10.3
44.6
+18.6
33.5

- 1 .0
-.2
-.6
+(*)
(2)
—. 3
+ 1 .0
- 1 .0
+ .4
+ .4
-2 .2
-.4
- 5 .1
+ 1 .5
-.4

- 4 .5
-2 .8
-.1
-3 .3
-.7
+ ( 2)
-1 .4
-3 .3
-7 .8
+• 7
-9 .3
-6 .5
-1 1 .6
+• 2
- 1 9 .0

34.8
32.5
30.6
38.9
41.3
42.4
41.6

-1 .9
- 2 .6
-4 .4
+ 2 .0
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .1
+ 5 .1

+ 12.9
- 6 .8
-1 0 .0
+ 3 .4
+ 4 .9
+ 5 .4
+ 6 .2

37.0
51.4
50.1
55.8
54.4
53.9
78.7

-.1
-.1
- .1
-.3
+ .4
+ .5
+ .2

-1 3 .4
- 1 .8
-3 .5
+ 2 .0
+ .4
-.3
+ 1 .5

36.5
37.0
43.0
48.6
41.5
39.7
39.2

+11.5
+ 1 .4
+ 4 .0
+ 4 .5
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .0
-2 .7

+ 10.2
+ 4 .7
+ 11.2
+ 8 .3
+ 2 .8
+ 4 .3
- 6 .3

41.8
43.0
53.4
53.6
56.3
61.9
57.9

+ .5
-.2
+ .2
- 3 .4
-.7
- 1 .7
+ 1 .6

+ 3 .1
-3 .4
- 2 .6
-2 .8
-.8
-.5
+ 5 .5

Nondurable goods
T extiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts ___________________
Fabrics________________________________ _____
Carpets and rugs________________________
Cotton goods____________________________
Cotton small wares________________ _____
Dyeing and finishing textiles____________
Hats, fur-felt______________ _____________
Knit goods______________________________
Silk and rayon goods------------------------------W oolen and worsted g o o d s .......................
Wearing apparel____________________________
Clothing, m en’s_______________ _________
Clothing, wom en’s______________________
Corsets and allied garm ents.____________
M en ’s furnishings..........................................
M illinery_______________________________
Shirts and collars________________ _______
L e a th er a n d Its m a n u fa c t u r e s _____ _________
Boots and shoes_____________________________
Leather________________________________ ____
F o o d a n d k in d red p r o d u c t s ._________________
Baking________________________________ _____
Beverages______________ _____________________
Butter. ______________________________ ____
Canning and preserving_____________________
Confectionery___________ ___________________
Flour___ ____________________________________
Ice cream____________________________________
Slaughtering and meat packing______________
Sugar, beet__________________________________
Sugar refining, cane____________________ ____
^ e s s than Ho of 1 percent.




94.2
90.7
go.o
90.4
84.5
107.1
84.0
113.4
60.5
86.7
97.9
88.3
132.6
84.7
114.2
62.9
105.0
83.9
81.4
94.3
96.3
114.8
178.9
74.9
68.1
69.0
70.5
82.0
82.8
39.2
81.7

-.

Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, May 1936— Continued

Industry
Index,
M ay
1936

Percentage
change from—
April

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

Index,
M ay

April
1936

M ay
1935

Percentage
change from—
M ay
1936

M ay
1936

M ay
1936

Average hourly
earnings

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
April
1936

M ay
1935

Average hours worked
per week

M ay
1935

April
1936

M ay
1935

April
1936

M ay
1935

Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 1 9 2 8 -2 5 = 1 0 0 )
Tobacco m anufactures----------------------------------Chewing and smoking tobacco, and snuff----Cigars and cigarettes............................ ...............
Paper and printing--------------------------- --------Boxes, paper----------- ------------- -----------------------Paper and p u lp ------------------------- ------------- —
Printing and publishing:
Book and jo b ------------------------------ ----------Newspapers and periodicals-------------------Chemicals and allied products, and petro­
leum refining------------------------------------------------Other than petroleum refining..........................
Chemicals----------------------------------------------Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal-------------Druggists’ preparations.......... ............... .
Explosives--------------------------------- ------------Fertilizers__________________ ____________
Paints and varnishes...... ................ .............
R ayon and allied products..........................
Soap______________ ______- .........- .............. Petroleum refining---------------------Rubber products------------------------- -------------------R ubber boots and shoes----------- ------- ------------Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes---------------- ------- -----------------Rubber tires and inner tubes----------------------- -




56.7
64.6
55.7
99.0
85.0
111.0

+ 2 .3
- 1 .0
+ 2 .9
+ .4
+ .8
+ .6

+0 .2
- 2 .7
+• 7
+2 .6
+. 5
+ 1.0

46.8
67.3
44.2
91.9
80.2
97.0

+ 9 .9
+ 4 .5
+ 11.1
+ .»
+ 1 .8
+ .8

+ 6 .8
+ 4 .3
+ 7 .2
+ 8 .4
+ 6 .3
+11.7

$14.77
16.08
14.49
26.30
19. 24
22.14

+ 7 .3
+ 5 .5
+ 8 .0
+ .4
+ .9
+ .2

+ 6 .6
+ 7.1
+ 6 .3
+ 5 .6
+ 5 .7
+10.3

36.1
35.6
36.2
39.3
39.6
41.7

+ 9 .8
+ 3 .1
+11.0
+ .5
+ .2
+ .2

+ 6 .7
+ 2 .4
+ 7 .3
+ 5 .5
+ 7 .8
+ 10.4

Cents
40.8
45.3
40.1
69.8
48.7
• 53.2

- 0 .9
+ 2 .2
-1 .4
+ .2
+• 7
_(2)

-0 .5
+ 5 .2
-.8

89.8
103.0

+ .9
-.5

+ 4 .2
+ 3 .4

83.0
98.9

+ 1 .5
+ .4

+ 5 .3
+ 9 .3

28.79
35.23

+ .6
+ .9

+ .9
+ 5 .3

38.7
37.1

+ 1 .0
+ .4

+ 4 .1
+ .7

74.8
91.8

-.2
+ .8

+ 2.1

110.0
110.1
110.3
40.0
96.8
83.1
110.7
114.5
341. 4
97.5
109.4
83.0
59.0

-.6
-.8
+ 1 .2
-1 4 .8
- 1 .6
- 2 .6
-1 9 .7
+ 2 .3
+ 3.1
+• 7
-0 )
+ 1.1
- 1 .4

+1 .9
+ 1 .9
+ 3 .0
- 5 .3
+ .1
- 4 .8
+ .6
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .4
-.7
+ 1 .0
+ .7
+11.1

102.9
102.7
107.0
39.9
95.9
80.4
113.9
106.0
259.0
95.7
103.4
76.8
50.9

+ 1 .6
+ 1 .5
+ 2 .0
-1 2 .3
- 2 .1
+ 3 .6
- 8 .1
+ 5 .3
+ 1. 6
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .7
+ 3 .8
- 2 .1

+ 8 .5
+ 9 .1
+ 9 .4
+ 4 .2
+ 2 .1
+ 8 .0
+ 24.2
+11.5
+ 8 .9
+ 2 .0
+ 6 .8
+15.5
+17.8

24.49
22. 54
26. 47
9. 70
22.14
27.20
15. 44
25.68
20.18
23. 73
29.17
26.33
19.13

+ 2 .2
+ 2 .3
+ .8
+ 3 .0
-.5
+ 6 .4
+14.5
+ 2 .9
-1 .5
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .7
-.7

+ 6 .5
+ 7 .0
+ 6 .1
+10.0
+ 2 .0
4-13.6
+ 23.2
+ 9 .7
+ 4 .4
+ 2 .9
+ 5 .9
+14.6
+ 6 .0

39.5
40.6
41.0
43.8
38.0
38.7
42.7
43.7
38.6
39.0
36.3
37.7
37.1

+ 1 .0
+ .6
+ .7
-.4
-4 .4
+ 2 .9
+ 3 .8
+ 3 .3
-1 .4
+ 2 .2
+ 2 .5
-.1
-.2

+ 6 .2
+ 6 .3
+ 4 .2
+ 15.9
-.6
+ 6 .3
+24.8
+ 7 .5
+ 3 .6
+ 2 .4
+ 4 .8
+12.4
+ 9 .2

62.4
55.8
64.6
22.0
55.5
70.3
36.2
58.8
52.3
61.1
81.0
69.4
51.6

+ 1 .3
+ 2 .1
+• 1
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .3
+ 3 .4
+10.3
- .4
-.1
-.5
-.7
+ 2 .9
-.5

+1.7
+1.6
+2.0

130.9
70.0

-.1
+ 2 .8

+ 4.8
- 4 .9

119.1
68.2

-.5
+ 7 .9

+ 13.8
+16.1

20.90
31. 79

- .4
+ 4 .9

+ 8 .7
+21.9

39.7
36.3

-.7
+ .5

+ 8 .1
+18.0

52.7
88.2

_(2)
+ 4 .3

-.1
+ 3 .7

+- 11.1
.7
+ .5
-.7

-

6 .8

0
+ 5 .6
-

1.6

+ 2 .4
+ .8
+. 3

+2.1
+ .4
- 2 .9

Nonmanufacturing {indexes are based on 12-month average 1929 = 100)

-

80067— 36 3

Coal mining:
Anthracite_________ ________________________
Bituminous___ ________________________ ____
Metalliferous m ining____________________________
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining. _____________
Crude-petroleum producing .......................... .........
P ublic utilities:
Telephone and telegraph.....................................
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas_____ __________________________________
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance______ _______________________
Trade:
Wholesale...................... ...................... .................
Retail_________________ ____________________ _
General merchandising__________________
Other than general merchandising_______
Hotels (year-round)3____________________________
Laundries__________________ ____________________
Dyeing and cleaning_______ ____________________
Brokerage_______________ ______________________
_____ _____________
Insurance_______________
Building construction___________________________
J Less than Ho of 1 percent.




54.9
76,2
60.8
52.0
72.5

+10.3
—1.6
+ 5 .7
+ 7 .5
+ 1 .9

+ 2 .5
+1. 2
+37.0
+ 5.1
—4.6

56.3
62.2
47.7
42.1
58.0

+96.5
—.6
+ 4 .9
+16.7
+ 1 .8

+ 13.6
+26.7
+51.6
+28.6
+ .S

$29.79
20.72
24.09
20.30
28.86

+ 78.2
+ 1 .0
—.8
+ 8 .5
—.1

+10.8
+25.2
+10.7
+22.2
+ 5 .0

35.1
25.7
41.2
43.2
38.1

+ 69.8
—.9
+ ( 2)
+ 8 .6
+ .3

+ 7 .1
+14.3
+15.0
+25.1
+ 5 .2

83.9
80.5
57.8
46.9
76.7

+ 2 .3
+ 1 .2
—1.0
—.3
— .5

+ 2 .0
+ 8 .0
—2.3
—2.9
—2.6
+ 3 .9

71.6

+ 1.1

+ 2.3

78.5

+ 3 .3

+ 6 .6

29.47

+ 2 .2

+ 4 .2

39.5

+ 2 .3

+ .7

77.1

—.1

88.9

+ 1 .0

+ 6.7

87.0

+ 1 .0

+ 9 .0

31.66

0

+ 2.1

40.6

—.3

+ 1 .8

78.0

+ .3

+ .7

71.5

+ .4

—.1

66.1

+ .3

+ 3 .9

29.93

— .1

+ 4 .1

46.6

+ .3

+ 3 .6

63.2

—.3

+ 1 .1

84.6
85.0
95.5
82.3
84.1
85.5
87.3
(4)
0)
(4)

—1.3
—.2
—2.0
+ .3
+ 1 .2
+ 2 .7
+ 6 .7
—.2
+• 2
+13.0

+ 2.6
+ 3.4
+ 4 .5
+ 3.1
+ 3.1
+ 5.5
+ 7 .9
+27.1
+ .9
+21.6

68.2
65.8
80.8
62.7
67.0
75.6
72.2
(4}
(0
(4)

+ .5
+ .7
—.2
+ .9
+ 1 .0
+ 6 .6
+12.5
+ .1
+. 2
+20.2

+ 5 .5
+ 6.1
+ 6 .0
+ 6 .2
+ 5 .1
+13.4
+ 17 .0
+36.6
+ 4 .0
+39.8

28.61
20.69
17.56
22. 37
13.94
16.46
20.30
37.52
38.16
27.00

+ 1 .7
+ .9
+ 1 .8
+ .6
—.1
+ 3 .7
+ 5 .5
+• 3
~ ( 2)
+ 6 .3

+ 2 .9
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .4
+ 3 .0
+ 1 .9
+ 7 .7
+ 8 .4
+ 7 .5
+ 3 .1
+ 14.9

42.7
43.4
40.4
44.3
48.3
43.0
45.2
(4)
( 4)
33.4

+ .5
+ .6
+ .4
+ .7
—.6
+ 2 .4
+ 4 .2
(4)
(4)
+ 5 .2

+ 3 .0
+ 4 .1
+ 7 .6
+ 3 .2
+ 1 .0
+ 6 .4
+ 1 .7
(4)
( 4)
+ 14.4

66.8
52.1
46.2
53.9
28.6
37.8
45.7
(4)
(4)
80.6

+ 1 .0
+ .4
+ .8
+ .2
+ .4
+ 1 .1
+ 2 .3
(<)
(4)
+ 1 .2

—1.1
—1.5
—4.8
—.9
+ 1 .0
+ 1.1
+ 2.6
(4)
(*)
+ 1 .3

3 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be com puted.

4 N ot available.

14

Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1935 to M ay 1936

Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in tables 4 and 5
for all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and
nondurable-goods groups of manufacturing industries separately, and
for 13 nonmanufacturing industries including 2 subgroups under
retail trade, by months, January 1935 to May 1936, inclusive. The
accompanying diagram indicates the trend of factory employment
and pay rolls from January 1919 to May 1936.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative establishments in 90 manu­
facturing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is
the 3-year average 1923-25 taken as 100. In May 1936 reports were
received from 24,535 establishments employing 4,178,272 workers,
whose, weekly earnings were $95,862,068. The employment reports
received from these establishments cover more than 55 percent of the
total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and
more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries included
in the monthly survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes for nonmanufacturing industries are also computed
from data supplied by reporting establishments, but the base is the
12-month average for 1929 as 100.
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in all Manufacturing Industries
Combined and in the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups, January 1935
to May 1936 1
[3*year average 1923-25=1001
Manufacturing
Total

Durable goods

Nondurable goods

M onth
E m ploy­
ment
1935

1936

Pay rolls

1935

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

1936

1935

1936

1935

1936

1935

1936

1935

January_________________
February________________
M arch__________________
April_____ _______________
M a y _______________ ____
June___________________

78.8 282.9 64.3 272.7
81.4 283.6 69.1 272.7
82.5 84.1 270.8 76.3
82.6 85.1 70.8 77.9
81.2 85.7 68.5 79.3
66.4
79.7

66.2
69.4
71.0
71.8
71.4
69.7

74.4
74.4
75.7
77.6
79.2

52.5
58.6
60.5
61.8
60.1
57.6

65.1
64.7
69.7
73.8
76.1

92.4
94.2
95.0
94.2
91.8
90. 6

92.1
92.6
93.2
93.1
92.7

79.3
82.6
83.9
82.4
79.2
77.6

July_____________________
August___________ _____
September_____ ________
October........ .............. ........
N ovem ber...........................
December............................

79.7
82.0
83.7
85.3
85.0
84.6

Average___________

82.2

65.4 -------69.7
72.2
75.0
74.5 -------276.4
70.3

----

69.4
70.5
71.2
74.9
76.1 75.7
71.4

55.6
58.9
60.6
66.3
68.1
69.7

90.8
94.3
97.1
96. 4
94.6
94.2

77.9 .
83.4
87.1
86.2
82.7
85.0

60.9

93.8

82.3

1936
82.4
82.8
84.9
83.3
83.4

i Comparable indexes for earlier years will be found in the Novem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this
pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues of the M onthly Labor Review.
* R evised.




15

Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1935 to May 1936 1
Anthracite mining

M on th

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Bituminous-coal
mining
Em ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Metalliferous mining

Quarrying and non­
metallic mining

E m p lo jment

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
J a n u a ry .......... 62.9 '59.1 57.5
February_____ 64.4 61.2 64.3
M arch________ 51.4 52.5 38.9
A pril................. 52.6 49.8 49.9
M a y ._ ............. 53.5 54.9 49.5
66.0
June.................. 56.8
July...................
A ugust.............
September,___
October__ ____
Novem ber.......
Decem ber........
Average.

54.4
76.7
42.6
28.6
56.3

49.4 ------- 37.5
2S.3
38.7
46.0
38.2
58.8
55.9
46.6 ------- 28.4
55.4
57.3
53.2

.....

47.5

.....

Crude-petroleum
producing

59.6
66.1
67.5
45.0
49.1
64.7

70.6
78.4
70.2
62.6
62.2

44.3
44.3
45.0
46.0
44.4
46.0

54.2
55.5
55.9
57.5
60.8

70.0
73.4
77.1
74.3
76.1
79.1

35.9
45.8
60.1
69.8
65.5
69.5

.....

.....

.....

45.2
46.3
48.9
51.6
52. 6
53.5

76.7 ........

58.2 . . . . .

47.3

80.0
81.1
81.6
74.3
75.3
77.9

79.8
80.2
80.4
77.5
76.2

.....

30.1
29.9
30.9
31.8
31.4
31.5

41.7
42.8
45.1
45.5
47.7

36.9
37.3
40.5
45.3
49.5
50.4

39.4
36.9
42.2
48.4
52.0

20.8
22.2
24.9
28.9
32.8
33.8

25.5
23.9
30.9
36.1
42.1

31.1 -----33.4
35.4
38.7
39.6 ------43.2

50.9
51.0 . . . . .
50.0
50.0
46.7 ------43.1

34.4
36.3
35.4
36.5
32.1
29.7 ------

33.9

46.0

.....

30.7 ......

Telephone and tele­
graph

Electric light and
power, and manu­
factured gas

Electric-railroad and
m o to r b u s op era ­
tion and mainte­
nance 2

E m ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

M onth
E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January............
February.........
M arch..............
A pril.................
M a y ..................
June_________

74.9
74.2
74.0
74.9
76.0
76.7

July...................
August_______
September.......
October............
N ovem ber........
Decem ber........

77.4
76.3
75.1
74.7
73.0
71.9

Average .

71.1
70.8
70.7
71.2
72.5

74.9 ........

55.7
55.7
55.9
56.9
58.0

70.5
70.0
69.8
69.7
70.0
70.2

59.9
58.9
60.9
57.9 : : : : :
57.2
59.9

70.3
70.5
70.4
70.0
69.8
69.6

55.5
54.9
56.0
56.7
57.8
59.2

57.9

70.1

70.1
69.9
70.2
70.8
71.6

.....

73.9
72.9
75.3
73.1
73.7
74.4

75.0
76.2
77.2
76.0
78.5

75.7
75.5
73.8
74.9
74.9 : : : : :
75.6
74.5

84.8
84.7
85.9
86.2
87.0

71.2
71.0
71.3
71.4
71.6
71.7

86.1
86.1
86.8
88.0
88.9

78.0
78.3
79.4
79.0
79.8
79.8

84.8
86.8
86.9
87.4
87.6 : : : : :
86.8

81.5
82.8
84.5
84.4
83.4
86.0

71.5
71.2
71.0
71.1
71.1
70.5

84.8 ........

81.4

71.2 ........ 63.7 ........

82.7
82.2
82.3
82.6
83.3
83.9

70.7
71.7
71.2
71.3
71.5

.....

62.9
63.1
63.4
63.3
63.6
63.9

65.0
68.3
67.8
65.9
66.1

63.4
63.3
64.0
64.1
63.8 : : : : :
66.1

1 Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-ronud hotels, will be found
in the N ovem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent
issues of the M on th ly Labor R eview . Complete indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June
1935 issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M on th ly Labor R eview .
2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.




16

Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1935 to May 1936— Continued

Wholesale trade

M onth

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Total retail trade

Em ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Retail trade—gen­
eral merchandising

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Retail trade—other
than general mer­
chandising
E m ploy­
ment

P ay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
J an u a ry ..........
February..........
M arch..........
A p ril.............. .
M a y _ _ .............
June..............

84.2
84.6
84.0
83.2
82.5
82.1

July...................
August_______
September____
October___
Novem ber.......
December

82.1
64.6
64.8
82.7
67.2
83.7
85. 7
66.8
86.4
66.9
86.8 ------- 68.6 -------

85.6
85.0
85.6
85.7
84.6

---

63.9
64.6
65.2
64.8
64.6
64.6

66.6
66.6
69.0
67.9
68.2

---

66.6

Average. 84.0

79.5
79.2
80.2
83.5
82.2
82.2

80.4
79.7
81.9
85.2
85.0

---

59.7
59.3
60.4
62.5
62.0
62.5

62.1
61.6
63.5
65.3
65.8
........

87.3
86.2
88.6
94.4
91.3
91.2

---

73.5
72.3
74.1
77.5
76.3
76.7

76.4
73.9
77.3
81.0
80.8
-------

79.3
78.0
81.8
83.8
84.6
92.9 ------

60.5
85.5
72.0
59.3
83.1
69.5
62.5
92.2
77.2
63.2
97.1
79.8
68.4
101.6
82.0
£9.3 ------ 131. 7 ------- 104.5 -------

82.3 . . . . .

62.1 . . . . .

94.2

Year-round hotels
E m ploy­
ment

M onth

88.2
85.1
90.9
97.4
95.5

Pay rolls

78.0

Laundries
E m ploy­
ment

77.4
77.3
78.0
80.7
79.8
79.8

78.4
78.3
79.5
82.0
82.3
-------

56.9
56.6
57.6
59.4
59.0
59.5

59.1
59.1
60.7
62.1
62.7
........

77.7
76.7
79.1
80.3
80.1
82.7 -------

58.1
57.2
59.4
59. S
59.6
62.0 . . . . .

79.1 . . . . .

58.8 ........

Dyeing and cleaning

Pay rolls

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January............................... .................... 80.3 81.9 62.2
February................................................. 81.1 82.8 63.5
M arch...................................................... 80.8 82.8 63.9
81.1 83.2 63.6
M a y ..................................... ..................... 81.6 84.1 63.7
63.5
June_____________________ ___________ 81.3
July_________________________________
August______________________________
September................... ............................
October______________ ________ ______
N ovem ber____________________
December_____________________
Average........................... ............

64.9
66.5
66.0
66.3
67.0

79.6
79.6
79.7
80.0
81.1
82.3

81.5
81.2
82.1
83.2
85.5

63.9
64.1
64.6
65.5
66.6
68.2

68.3
67.8
69.9
70.9
75.6

70.3
69.6
72.5
79.9
80.9
83.6

71.5
70.3
74.7
81.8
87.3

50.4
49.8
53.5
61.9
61.7
65.7

51.6
49.0
56.4
64.1
72.2

80.3 ----80.7
81.1 . . . .
81.6
81.5
80.8

62.1
62.0
63.1 . . . . .
64.3
64.8
64.2

84.4]
84.2
83.0
81.9
81.3
81.1

70.9
69.2
67.9
67.1
66.7
67.5

81.7
79.4
82.1
80.4
76.3
73.4

61.5
58.2
63.1
61.1
55.4
52.9

81.0 . . . . .

63.4 . . . . .

81.5

66.9

77.5 . . . . .

57.9 ........

Trend o f Private Employment by States

A c o m p a r i s o n of employment and pay rolls, by States and geo­
graphic divisions, in April and May 1936 is shown in table 6 for all
groups combined, except building construction and class I railroads,
and for all manufacturing industries combined, based on data supplied
by reporting establishments. The percentage changes shown, unless
otherwise noted, are unweighted— that is, the industries included in
the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not been
weighted according to their relative importance.







18
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments,
April and May, 1936, by Geographic Divisions and by States
[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics but are taken from reports issued b y
cooperating State organizations]
Total—all groups

Geographic d ivi­
sion and State

Manufacturing

Per­
Per­
Per­
Per­
N um ­ Number cent­ Amount cent­ N um ­ Number cent­ Am ount cent­
ber of on pay
of pay
ber of on pay
age
of pay
age
age
age
estab­ roll M ay change roll (1 change estab­ roll M ay change roll (1 change
lish­
from
lish­
week)
week)
from
from
from
1936
1936
April M ay 1936 April ments
April M a y 1936 April
ments
1936

1936

1936

Dollars

1936

Dollars

+ 0 .6 17,924,595

+ 0 .9

3, 311

548,420

+ 0 .3 11,170, 729

+ 0 .5

1,024, 051

+ 1 .6

264

41,904

+ 1 .5

776,885

+ 1 .2

33, 948
16, 701
455,157
84,099
179, 786

1
676, 673
+4. 3
359,096
+ ( 2) 10,206, 959
+ . 2 1, 674,126
+ 1 .5 3, 983, 690

+• 8
+ 5 .3
+ .*
-1 .0
+ 3 .1

200
131
1,631
392
693

27,060
10,185
257,144
64,883
147, 244

-.4
+ 3 .1
-.6
+ (*)
+ 1 .6

510, 663
214, 305
5,330,856
1,196, 376
3,141, 644

+. 1
+ 5 .2
-.9
- 2 .0
+ 3 .5

Middle Atlantic.. 34, m 1,911,845
New Y ork ........ 22, 925 873, 781
263,074
New Jersey___
3,299
Pennsylvania. _ 8,178 774, 990

+ .7 47,659,229

+ 3 .7

4,945 1,103, 086

+ .4 26,017,073

+ 1 .2

407,585
228,154
467,347

+ .1 10,141,465
+ . 9 5,380,449
+ . 5 10,495,159

+. 3
+ 2 .1
+ 1 .5

+ 1 .6 39, 736, 284

+ 2 .7

New E ngland___ 13, m
804
M aine________
New H am p­
shire. __.........
640
V erm ont........ _
463
Massachusetts. i 8,610
1,193
Rhode Island..
Connecticut.— 2,064

821,926
52, 235

- . 2 22, 476, 783
+• 9 6, 466, 910
+ 1 .6 18, 715, 536

+• 4 3 1,918
+ 1 .8
4 739
+ 8 .8
2,293

+ 1 .3 50, 725, 597

+ 2 .3

7,124 1,523, 758

+• 6
+ 2 .4
+ 1 .1
+ 1 .7
+ 1 .8

14, 284, 312
4,807,137
12, 888,201
14, 655, 274
4,090, 673

+ 2 .4
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .7
+ 2 .4

2,314
911
2,198
961
740

410,194
+ 1 .4
165,120
+ 2 .9
350,933
+ 1 .6
455, 782
+ 1•4
141, 779 7 + 2 .0

393, 748

+ 1.1

8, 929, 372

+ 2 .2

2,139

188,192

+ 1 .5

4,196,105

+ 2 .7

82,176
56, 278
156,198
5, 073
5, 336
31, 801
56,886

+ 1 .6
+ 2 .6
+• 4
+ 2 .1
+ .5
+ .7
+ .7

1, 959,106
1, 240, 696
3, 501, 369
118, 203
120, 231
715, 633
1,274,134

+ 4 .0
+ 2 .9
+ 1 .6
+ 7 .0
+ 5 .6
+ .6
+ .8

368
361
749
41
34
149
437

35, 992
30,071
81, 224
675
1,654
11,020
27,556

+ 2 .1
+ 4 .0
+ .6
+ 5 .5
- 2 .2
+ 2 .0
+ .«

853, 836
673, 935
1, 711, 784
17, 313
38, 310
251,059
649,868

+ 5 .5
+ 4 .5
+ 1 .3
+ 6 .3
+ 9 .5
- .9
+ 1 .9

- . 8 13,933,441

489,448

- .5

8,302,736

+ 1 .2

East N orth Cen­
tral_____________ 19,645 1,985,315
567, 358
8,185
Ohio............ .
2,223 202,408
Indiana______
I llin o is ........... 4 4,574 536, 829
3, 669 503,108
M ichigan_____
175, 612
W isconsin____
« 994
West North Cen­
tral_____________ 11,458
2,161
Minnesota
Iow a_________
1, 685
Missouri........... 3,131
North Dakota.
510
South Dakota.
475
Nebraska......... 1, 603
Kansas............. *1,893
S outh A tla n tic ,. 10,960
Delaware.........
216
M aryland____
1,519
District of Co­
lum bia..........
1,058
Virginia______
2,158
1,259
West Virginia.
North Carolina 1,293
South Carolina
771
G eorgia........... 1,475
Florida.............
1,211
East Sou th Cen­
tral_____________
K entucky____
Tennessee____
A labam a..........
Mississippi___
West South Cen­
tral — .............
Arkansas_____
Louisiana.........
Oklahoma____
Texas_________

+ 1 .7

750,325

+ 1 .2

2,629

298,091
2,461,232

+ 2 .8
+ 3 .0

76
542

3 7 ,115
-.3
96, 909
+• 1
143, 627 + 1 .3
140,188
— 1. 5
67,855
- 1 .0
101, 525
- 1 .4
38, 843 - 1 1 .3

897, 851
1, 817,827
3, 216, 754
1, 997, 632
941, 725
1, 588,868
713,461

+ 1 .4
+ 2 .6
+ 3 .0
+ .2
-.3
+• 4

- 8 .9

41
429
241
554
202
361
183

3,333
64, 692
55, 324
129,264
60, 297
77,389
16, 579

4,546

261,535

-.3

4,638,539

+ .6

921

1,463
1,302
1, 216
565

81,150
86,149
77, 279
16, 957

+ 1 .0
- .2
- .8
- 5 .4

1, 653,679
1,483,849
1, 250, 965
250,046

+ 2 .6
-.6
+• 1
- 3 .2

261
330
234
96

4,194

163,749

+ 1 .4

3, 472, 518

+ 2.7

U 85
925
1,385
1,899

21,483
43, 232
37, 912
61,172

+ 2 .5
+ .5
+ 1 .3

357,112
800, 715
857, 534
1,457,157

+ 1 .8
+ 3 .0
+ 2 .1

13,021

111,242

+ 2 .9
+ .«

+ 1 .7

+ 8 .2

8,740
+ 2 .9
73,830 7 + 1 .2

+ 3 .3
10, 613, 380
+ 8 .0
3,954,428
8,378, 769
+ 2 .4
13,450,871
+ 2 .8
3,339,836 7 + 2 .4

+ 3 .7
194, 248
1,594,672 7 + 5 .3
+ 2 .9
+ 2 .7
-.1
+ (2)

+ 1 .9
- .6
+ 1 .7
- 1 .7
- 1 .0
- 1 .9
+ .8

112, 649
1,168,399
1, 263, 944
1,810,499
801,496
1,089, 440
267, 389

155,342

-.9

2, 591,805

+ .2

31,587
61, 763
51,402
10,590

-.3
+ .6
- 1 .4
- 8 .8

642,890
1,024, 735
790, 753
133,427

+ 2 .7
+ .1
-.1
-8 .7

1, 012

82,179

+ 1.7

1, 639,468

+ 3 .6

207
214
130
461

15,101
22, 558
9, 584
34,986

+ 3 .1

+ .7
+ 1 .7
+ 1 .8

-.7
- .4
+00

+ 2 .0
232, 630
367,030 • + 5 .1

207,009
882, 799

+ 2 .0
+ 8 .7

1 Includes banks and trusts companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment,
amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
2 Less than 1/10 of 1 percent.
3Includes laundering and cleaning, water, light, and power.
4Includes laundries.
« Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
6Includes construction, but does not include hotels and restaurants, or public works.
7Weighted percentage change.
s Includes financial institutions, construction, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
•Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.




19
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments,
April and May, 1936, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Continued

Geographic divi­
sion and State

Total—all groups

Manufacturing

Per­
Per­
N um ­ Number cent­ Amount cent­
ber of
of pay
age
age
on pay
estab­ roll M ay change roll (1 change
week)
from
lish­
from
1936
April M ay 1936 April
ments
1936
1936

Per­
Per­
N um ­ Number cent­ Amount cent­
ber of on pay
age
of pay
age
estab­ roll M ay change roll (1 change
from
from
week)
lish­
1936
April M ay 1936 April
ments
1936
1936
Dollars

Dollars

M o u n t a in _______
Montana_____
Idaho________
W yom ing____
Colorado___ __
New M exico—
Arizona______
U tah_________
Nevada_______

4,436
702
489
320
1,242
325
537
599
222

6, 593
P a cific___________
3,005
Washington
Oregon___ __
1,339
California.. _ io 2,248

116,051 + 1 .8 2, 759, 600
19, 286 +5. 3
517, 620
9, 266 + 8 .7
210, 078
8,217
-.2
214, 581
821,112
35, 520
-.5
6, 522 +10.7
128,840
359, 204
15, 058 - 1 .8
18, 992
422,082
+. 2
3,190 + 4 .0
86, 083

+ 1 .3
+ 4 .6
+ 6 .7
- 1 .8
-. 5
+ 7 .5
-.8
1
+ 3 .9

548
82
54
41
175
28
40
100
28

424,095
90, 844
47,302

+ 1 .6
+ 1 .4
+ 5 .2
+ 1 .2

3,103
467
255
1,381

285,949

+ .3
+1. 2
+ 2 .0
-.3

10, 934,496
2, 260, 728
1,174,357
7,499,411

-.

30, 043 + 4 .4
4, 775 + 6 .2
3,036 +22.9
1,740 + 6 .4
9, 656
+• 8
807 + 8.3
-.2
2,780
6, 390 + 1 .9
859 + 6 .6
230, 953
49,377
25, 657
155,919

721,455 + 6 .6
125,484 +11.6
68,411 +19.2
48, 545 + 5 .0
232,035 + 3 .5
14,199 +18.8
63, 798 + 2 .6
144, 732 + 3 .7
24, 251 + 6 .4

+ .1 5,981,473
+ 1 .8 1, 210,034
618, 205
+ 3.1
- . 9 4,153,234

+ 2 .5
+ 1 .4
+ 7.5
+ 2.1

10Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.

Private Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities

A c o m p a r i s o n of May employment and pay rolls with the April
totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000
or over is made in table 7. The changes are computed from reports
received from identical establishments in both months.
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building con­
struction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this
industry have not been included in these city totals.
Table 7.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in April and May 1936, by Principal Cities

C ity

Num ber of Number on Percentage
change
establish­
pay roll
from
ments
M a y 1936 April 1936

Amount of
pay roll
(1 week)
M a y 1936

Percentage
change
from
April 1936

N ew York, N. Y ______ ________________
Chicago, 111____________________________
Philadelphia, Pa—
-------------------Detroit, M ich ___ _____________________
LosfAngeles, Calif_____________________

17,956
4,177
2,608
1, 554
2,873

691,252
393,154
217,059
342,874
134, 638

-1 .2
+ 1 .0
-.4
+ 1 .7
+ .6

$18,396,959
10,193,651
5,351, 621
10,390,135
3,422,452

-0 .4
+ 1 .9
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .4
+ .7

Cleveland, O h io .................. ....................
St. Louis, M o ......................... ...................
Baltimore, M d .............. ................... ..........
Boston, Mass.................................... ..........

1,848
1,601
1,296
4,681

137, 359
123,400
86, 864
166, 327

-1 .2
+. 2
+ 1 .3
-.3

3,552,571
2,865,811
2, 004,189
3,997,275

+ .2
+ 1 .8
+ 4 .6
-.5

Pittsburgh, Pa_________________________
San Francisco, Calif___ ___ __________
Buffalo, N. Y __________________________
Milwaukee, W is-------- ---------------------------

1,490
1, 525
1, 030
704

196, 784
79, 578
77, 079
71, 664

+ 1 .9
-1 .2
+ 2.7
+ 1 .0

5,128 349
2,119,916
1,924,130
1, 755,712

+ 2 .8
-.4
+ 3 .5
+ 1 .7




20

Public Employment
E m p l o y m e n t created by the Federal Government includes em­
ployment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on
the various construction programs wholly or partially financed by
Federal funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935.
The Works Program was inaugurated by the President in a series
of Executive orders by authority of Public Resolution No. 11, ap­
proved April 8, 1935. Employment created by this program includes
employment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated
by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are those
conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments from
The Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration are those projects conducted under the supervision of
the W . P. A.
The emergency conservation program (Civilian Conservation
Corps) created in April 1933 has been further extended under author­
ity of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
Executive Service of the Federal Governm ent
S t a t is t ic s of employment in the executive branches of the Federal
Government in May 1935, April 1936, and May 1936 are given in
table 8.
Table 8.— Employees in the Executive Service of the United States Government,
May 1935, April and May, 1936 1
[Subject to revision]

District of Columbia 2

Outside District of
Columbia

Entire service 2

Perma­ Tem po­ Total
nent
rary 3

Perma­ T em po­
nent
rary 3 Total

Item
Perma­ Tem po­
Total
nent
rary
N um ber of employees:
M a y 1935________________
April 1936_______________
M a y 1936_______________
Percentage change:
M a y 1935 to M a y 1936—
April 1936 to M a y 1936. . .
Labor turn-over M a y 1936:
Additions 5______________
Separations 5______ ______
Turn-over rate per 100.........

92,763
107, 222
107, 812

10,256 103,019 515,001 94, 572 609,573 607,764 104,828 712,592
8, 200 115,422 599,268 96,077 695, 345 706,490 104,277 810,767
9, 417 117, 229 600, 274 100, 725 700,999 708,086 110,142 4818, 228

+16. 22 -8 .1 8 +13. 79 +16. 56
+ . 55 +14.84 +1. 57
+ . 17
1,895
1, 343
1. 25

2, 239
635
7. 21

4,134
1, 978
1.70

9,808
10,046
1. 64

+6.51 +15.00 +16. 51
+4.84
+ .8 1
+ .2 3

+ 5.07
+ 5.62

+14. 82
+ . 92

19,990
14, 583
14. 82

22,229
15, 218
14.19

33,932
26,607
3.27

29,798
24,629
3. 53

11, 703
11„ 389
L. 61

1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month.
1 Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
3 N ot including field employees of Post Office Department or 17,486 employees hired under letters of
authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $779,710.
* Includes 136 employees b y transfer previously reported as separations b y transfer not actual additions
for M ay.
8 N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turn-over.




21

The monthly record of employment in the executive departments
of the United States Government from May 1935 to May 1936,
inclusive, is shown in table 9.
Table 9.— Employment in the Executive Departments of the United States
Government by Months, May 1935 to May 1936
[Subject to revision]

M onth

1935
M a y ................... .......
June_______________
July_______________
August_____ ______
September_________
October.....................
Novem ber_________
Decem ber_________

Outside
District
District
of
of
Columbia Columbia

103,019
103,977
104, 747
107,037
109,195
110,583
111, 196
112,088

609,573
614, 259
631.134
663,086
678, 229
687,115
690, 202
704.135

712,592
718, 236
735,881
770,123
787,424
797, 698
801, 398
816, 223

Outside
District
District
of
of
Columbia Columbia

M onth

Total

1936
J a n u a r y .____ ____
February__________
M arch____________
A pril______________
M a y ................... .......

111, 797
112,697
112,739
115,422
117,229

Total

689,499
687, 626
693,665
695,345
700,999

801,296
800, 323
806,404
810, 767
818,228

Construction Projects Financed by the Public W orks Administration
D e t a il s concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during May 1 on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 10, by type of project.
Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Funds, Month Ending May 15, 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Typ e of project

Maximum W eekly
number
em p loyed 1 average

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Value of
Num ber of Aver­
material
man-hours
age
orders
earn­
worked
ings per placed dur­
during
ing month
hour
month

Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R. A. funds
3 102,633

95,524

$8,911,513

12,030,630

$0. 741

$9,670,907

Building construction 2_____ ______
Forestry_____ _____ ______________
Naval vessels_____________________
Public roads *_______ ______________
Reclamation______________________

17, 563
13
25,434
(5)
12, 256

14,384
13
25,040
25,791
11,683

1, 249, 232
1,837
3, 255,061
1, 275,844
1, 271, 226

1,542,194
1,390
3,932, 379
2,426, 700
1,699,657

.810
1.322
.828
.526
.748

1,657,173
214
1,788,522
2,500,000
2,005, 888

River, harbor, and flood control____
Streets and roads.______ ___________
W ater and sewerage_______________
M iscellaneous............................ .........

17,892
2,225
137
1,322

15, 347
1,913
107
1,246

1,655,518
116,172
7,343
79, 280

2,085,157
222,905
12, 496
107, 752

.794
.521
.588
.736

1,558, 710
90,343
18,935
51,122

A ll projects 2______ ______________

1 Maximum number employed during any 1 month by each contractor and Government agency doing
force-account work.
2 Includes a maximum of 5,725 and an average of 4,462 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E. R. A. A. funds, who were paid $353,725 for 515,049 man-hours of labor. Material orders
in the amount of $387,108 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate tables
covering projects financed b y The Works Program.
3 Includes weekly average for public roads.
4 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
5 N ot available; average included in total.
1 Data concerning projects financed b y Public Works Administration funds are based on m onth ending
M ay 15.




22
Table 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Funds, Month Ending May 15, 1936— Continued
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T y p e of project

Maxim um
number
em ployed1

W eekly
average

M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

N umber of A ver­
Value of
man-hours
material
age
worked
earn­
orders
during
ings per placed dur­
month
hour
ing month

Non-Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
A ll projects.......... . ..............................

61,964

51,120

$4,549,065

5,175,682

$0.879

$8,457,40&

Building construction...... ..................
Streets and roads.............................
Water and sewerage..........................
Miscellaneous.......................................

30, 243
8, 488
19,942
3,291

25,052
6, 677
16,708
2,683

2,354,158
495,008
1, 506, 857
193,042

2,430,511
655,047
1,779,141
310,983

.969
.756
.847
.621

4,232,408
819,967
2,312, 23&
1,092,795

Non-Federal “ Transportation Loan” projects—Financed from
N . I. R . A. funds
7,187

(•)

Railroad construction______ _______
Railroad-car and locomotive shops..
Operated b y railroads_________
Operated b y commercial firm s..

4,950
2,237
1,921
316

4,413
(•)
00

A ll projects...........................................

$382,323

674, 932

$0.566

176, 668
205,655
160,647
45,008

381,926
293,006
232, 849
60,157

.463
.702
.690
.748

(«)
$135,982
(6)
66,552
00

Non-Federal projects—Financed from E. R. A. A . 1935 funds *
A ll p rojects..........................................

143,609

117,942

$8,747,977

12,496,625

$0.700

$19, 725, 224

Building construction......................
Electrification............. ........................
H eavy engineering.............................
Reclamation..........................................

93, 276
474
1,883
1,028

76,554
421
1,572
872

5,814, 269
28, 284
199,015
50,690

7,935,922
38,344
214,335
88,653

.733
.738
.929
.572

12,862, 204
160,322
482, 208
77, 321

River, harbor, and flood control____
Streets and roads.................................
Water and sewerage........................ .
Miscellaneous______ ______ ________

345
13, 269
32,133
1, 201

255
10,504
26, 847
917

25,880
634,453
1,935, 213
60,173

31, 292
1,047,584
3,045,435
95,060

.827
.606
.635
.633

46, 734
1, 255,371
4,665,816
175, 248

• Data not available.
* These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed b y The W orks Program.

Federal construction projects are financed by allotments made by
the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and depart­
ments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the Na­
tional Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the low-cost
housing program now under way, however, is financed by funds pro­
vided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. The
work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been
awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal
agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public
Works Administration from funds available under either the National
Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to the States and
their political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been
made to commercial firms. In financing projects for the States or
their political subdivisions from funds appropriated under the Na­



23

tional Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration
makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total labor
and material cost. When funds provided under the Emergency Re­
lief Appropriation Act of 1935 are used to finance a non-Federal pro­
ject, as much as 45 percent of the total labor and material cost may be
furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more
of the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify
such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the
grantee with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to
commercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by
the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a
definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works
Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public,
and in this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope
of activities.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Adminis­
tration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in com­
mercial shops.
Monthly Trend

A summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed from public-works funds from July 1933 to May
1936 is given in table 11.
Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to May 1936, inclusive, on
Projects Financed from Public-Works Funds
[Subject to revision]

Year and month

M axi­
mum
number
of wage
earners 1

July 1933 to M a y 1936, inclusive 2..............

Number of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

$677. 536,173 1,066, 333,963

July to December, 1933, inclusive_______
January to December, 1934, inclusive___
January to December, 1935, inclusive 2
1936
January 2__........................ .......................... .
February *__________ ___________________
M arch 2_______________________________
April 2_.......................... ...................... .........
M a y 2__............................... ...........................

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

197,820
176,764
202, 236
264, 427
315, 393

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of m a­
terial orders
placed dur­
ing month

$0. 635 $1, 250,859, 572

32,941, 335
308,311,143
254,176,118

61, 718,911
523,561,666
371, 352, 552

.534
.589
.684

3 75, 453,114
3 610,051,090
3 417, 321, 441

14,399, 381
12, 220, 479
13,981,176
18,915, 663
22, 590,878

19,195, 535
16, 404, 771
18, 519, 649
25, 203,010
30,377,869

.750
.745
.755
.751
.744

22, 796,818
23,460, 743
29,068,402
32,459, 393
10, 248, 571

1 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
2 Includes wage earners employed on projects under the jurisdiction of P. W . A. which are financed from
E. R. A . A. funds. These data are also included in tables covering projects financed b y The Works Pro­
gram.
3 Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment.
4 Revised.




24
T h e Works Program

A d e t a i l e d record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on projects financed by The Works Program in May 1is shown
in table 12, by type of project.
Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program, May 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T yp e of project

Maximum W eekly
number
employed 1 average

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

A ver­
age
earn­
ings
per
hour

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth

Federal projects
All projects...........................................

401,298

356,036

$19,160,510

43, 267,437

$0.443

$12, 668, 052

Building construction........................
Electrification.................................... .
Forestry__________________ ________
Grade-crossing elimination________
H eavy engineering________________
Hydroelectric power plants............
Plant, crop, and livestock conser­
vation___________________________
Professional, technical, and cleiical.
Public roads.........................................
Reclam ation______________________
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads____ ______________
Water and sewerage_________ _____
Miscellaneous__________ __________

37,803
910
17, 994
23,126
203
2,333

34,447
819
16, 695
19, 203
194
1,8] 5

2,147, 988
51, 746
826, 773
1,176,184
12, 734
42,137

3,845,938
82, 030
2,042, 218
2,085,587
25,839
177,181

.559
.631
.405
.564
.493
.238

1,442,959
135,603
__________
1,898,196
25,998
61,510

36,920
29,121
105,843
82,501
44,897
9,123
816
9, 708

30,487
29,101
87,524
76, 418
41,588
8, 298
641
8,806

1, 208,831
2, 023, 414
4, 729, 234
2, 768,155
3,153, 745
445, 204
43,855
530,510

5,575,840
3,464,101
10, 377,922
7, 623,929
5, 736,404
1,028,778
93, 368
1,108, 302

.217
.584
.456
.363
.550
.433
.470
.479

39,325
159,664
3,657,463
2, 380,339
2, 247, 604
216, 215
6, 354
396,822

All projects3.........................................

149, 334

122,404

$9,101, 702

13,011, 674

$0. 700

$20,112,332

Building construction 3.....................
Electrification......................................
H eavy engineering..............................
Reclamation...... .............. ...................
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and ro a d s...____ ___________
Water and sewerage............................
Miscellaneous, .................................. .

99,001
474
1,883
1,028
345
13, 269
32,133
1, 201

81,016
421
1,572
872
255
10, 504
26,847
917

6,167,994
28,284
199,015
50,690
25, 880
634,453
1,935, 213
60,173

8,450,971
38,344
214, 335
88,653
31, 292
1,047, 584
3,045, 435
95,060

.730
.738
.929
.572
.827
.606
.635
.633

13,249,312
160, 322
482, 208
77, 321
46, 734
1, 255, 371
4, 665,816
175, 248

P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds 2

Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
All projects 3......................................... * 2,563,185
Conservation....... ..................... ..........
H ighway, road, and street_________
H ou sin g3..............................................
Professional, technical, and clerical.
P ublic buildin g.......................... .........
Publicly owned or operated util­
ities 8____________________________
Recreational facilities 7____________
Rural electrification and electric
utilities......................................... .
Sanitation and h e a lth ......................
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc___
Transportation____________________
N ot elsewhere classified.....................

$131,535,493 294,574,320

$0. 447 « $21,959, 643

156,371
884, 047
5, 662
265, 715
228,004

7, 398, 743 19, 020, 686
40,845, 358 102,678,870
363,438
620, 213
18,113, 212 30,466,987
13, 442, 086 24, 743, 686

783,541
.389
6,570,040
.398
.586
.595 ........ 600,"742
.543
4,485,721

234, 942
279, 482

11,989, 722
15,481,033

26,181, 276
30, 035,866

.458
.515

4,015,144
2, 500, 296

4,251
81,934
310, 885
54, 304
57, 588

206,198
3, 793,895
14,102, 693
2, 881, 216
2, 917, 899

421,946
10, 088, 014
37, 264, 690
6,175,890
6,876,196

.489
.376
.378
.467
.424

98, 733
952, 210
667,978
787, 369
497,869

1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
W orks Administration.
3 Data for a maximum of 237 and an average of 237 employees who were paid $28,256 for 30,306 man-hours
on demolition work at the site of low-cost housing projects are included both under P. W . A . projects
financed from E. R . A. A. 1935 funds and under projects operated b y the W orks Progress Administration.
* Includes data for 25,374 transient camp workers who were paid $635,403 and subsistence for 3,241,907
man-hours on conservation work, etc.
* Value of material orders placed during month ending M a y 31, 1936.
8 Exclusive of electric utilities.
7 Exclusive of buildings.

i Data concerning projects financed by The Works Program are based on month ending May 15.




25
Monthly Trend

Employment, payrolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
by The Works Program from the beginning of the program in July
1935 to May 1936 are given in table 13.
Table 13.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 to May 1936, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed by The Works Program
[Subject to revision]

M onth and year

Maximum
M onthly
number
pay-roll dis­
em p loyed 1 bursements

Num ber of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

Value of
material
Average
earnings
orders
per hour placed dur­
ing month

Federal projects
July 1935 to M a y 1936, inclusive..............

$103,942,675

238,119,966

$0.437

$84,390,396

July to December, 1935..............................

30,077,743

65,915,609

.456

32,116,942

11,179,541
12, 529, 207
14,431,789
16, 563,885
19,160, 510

25,955,820
29,173,914
35,243,886
38,563,300
43,267,437

.431
.429
.409
.430
.443

8,988,622
9,684, 578
8,028, 299
12,903,903
12,668,052

1986
January............ ...................... ...................
February............................................ ..........
M arch........... ............................................ .
A pril___________________ ______________
M a y— ........................................... ...........

248,929
298,589
325, 505
375,865
401, 298

P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds 2
September 1935 to M a y 1936, inclusive
September to December, 1935...................
1936
January..........................................................
February................................................ .......
M arch............................................................
A p ril___ ____ _________________________
M a y ___________________________________

23,740
39,848
64, 223
112,345
149,334

$22,065,199

31,975,609

$0.690

$59,655,990

661,283

996,091

.664

2,025,494

1,128, 635
1,794,866
3,032, 280
6, 346, 433
9,101,702

1,621,349
2,609, 270
4,525, 546
9, 211, 679
13,011,674

.696
.688
.670
.689
.700

3,632,378
8,611, 717
10,548,343
14, 725,726
20,112,332

Projects operated b y Works Progress Administration
$852,097,344 1, 974,084,057

August 1935 to M ay 1936, inclusive_____
August to December, 1935.....................
1986
January.........................................................
February................... ........................ ..........
M arch.................... ........................... ..........
A pril.................................................. .......... .
M a y ___________________________________

2,755,802
2,900,645
3,044, 685
2,856, 508
2, 563,185

$0.432 $142,938,596

170,911,331

367,589,041

.465

46,042,303

127,054,184
136, 276, 680
142,827,306
143,492,350
131,535,493

310,755,226
331,916,478
338,477, 216
330,771,776
294,574,320

.409
.411
.422
.434
.447

19,860,772
17,896, 597
17,592,687
19,586, 594
21,959,643

* Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
W orks Administration.




26
Emergency Conservation W ork
F ig u r e s for employment and pay rolls in emergency conservation
work in April and May 1936, are presented in table 14.
Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work,
April and May, 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
N um ber of
employees

Am ount of pay rolls

Group
M ay

April

M ay

April

A ll groups 2..............................................................................

407,621

391,002

$18,, 610,245

$18,058,235

Enrolled personnel2____________________ _____________
Reserve officers_____________________ _________________
Educational advisers 3____ ___________________________
Supervisory and technical4___________________________

357,002
7, 762
1,975
6 40,862

340,371
6,992
1,970
« 41,669

11,121,242
1, 620,971
340, 067
8 5, 527,965

10,592,774
1,457,001
339, 242
« 5,669, 218

1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Am ounts of pay rolls are for
entire month.
2 Revised.
3 Included in executive service table.
4 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
8 39,535 employees and pay roll of $5,410,283 included in executive-service table.
6 40,250 employees and pay roll of $5,560,783 included in executive-service table.

Employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation work­
ers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War
Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of
Commerce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the
Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed
as follows: 5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remain­
ing 87 percent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are
provided with board, clothing, and medical services.
Monthly statistics of employment and pay rolls on the emergency
conservation program from May 1935 to May 1936, inclusive,
are given in table 15.
Table 15.— Monthly Totals of Employees and Pay Rolls in Emergency
Conservation Work May 1935 to May 1936 1
[Subject to revision]

M onth

1985
M a y ...................................
June____________________
July......................................
August__________________
September.......... ................
O ctober__________ ______
N ovem ber______________
Decem ber...... .....................
1 Revised.




Number
of em­
ployees

387,953
430, 226
483,329
593,311
536, 752
554,143
546,683
509,126

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

$17, 777,305
19,816,204
22,133, 513
26, 293, 526
24,455,343
24,886, 623
24, 009, 372
21,949, 480

M onth

1986
January......... ................ .....
February_______________
M arch__________________
A pril_____ ____ _________
M a y ____________________

Number
of em­
ployees

478, 751
454, 231
356, 273
391,002
407, 621

M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

$21,427,065
20,484,379
17, 251,772
18, 058,235
18, 610,245

27
Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
F ig u r e s for employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on con­
struction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corpora­
tion in May 1 are presented in table 16, by type of project.
Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc­
tion Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, May 1936
[Subject to revision]

Number
of wage
earners

T yp e of project

A ll projects...... ....................................... ...........

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Number
of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

10,988

$962, 280

1,244, 097

$0.773

$1,441,248

1,289
538
11
7, 882
1,268

197,198
45,536
1, 071
594,812
123, 663

176, 502
59,971
1,496
827, 196
178,932

1.117
.759
.716
.719
.691

85,494
73,080
46
1,244,119
38, 509

Bridges.................. ............................... .......... .......
Building construction 1............................. ..........
Reclamation...................................... ............. .......
Water and sewerage__________________________
Miscellaneous___________ ___________________

1 Includes 85 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $7,621; 6,523 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed during the month amounting to $19,309 on projects financed by R. F. C. Mortgage Co.

A monthly summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from May 1935 to May 1936, inclusive, is
given in table 17.
Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc­
tion Finance Corporation, May 1935 to May 1936
[Subject to revision]

M onth

Num ber
of wage
earners

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Number of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

Value of
Average
material
earnings orders placed
per hour during month

1935
M a y ............. ..............................................
June................................................................
J u ly _________ ______ ____ _____________
A ugu st................. ......................................

10,506
11,901
9,581
9,415

$1,100,977
1,191,336
1,001, 653
1,020, 208

1,522,959
1,592, 744
1, 349,064
1, 367,071

$0.723
.748
.742
.746

$2,287,090
3,998,576
1,495,108
965,174

September....................................................
October......... ................................................
N ovem b er...................................................
Decem ber.............................................. .......

9,301
i 9,204
i 9,802
i 7, 792

957, 846
952, 790
1,001,408
869,459

1,271,475
1, 269,273
1,344, 234
1,160,845

.753
.751
.745
.749

1,016, 202
1,228,928
1,411,338
1,383,293

1936
January. ................................................. .
February___ ____ _____________________
M arch____________ ____________________
A p ril.....................................................
M a y ................................................................

7, 560
7, 961
8,134
10,021
10,988

850, 271
905,455
916,059
1,133,880
962,280

1,093,350
1,179,431
1,193,145
1,479,182
1, 244,097

.778
.768
.768
.767
.773

1,355, 520
1,436,119
1,385, 640
1,292,063
1,441, 248

i Revised.
1 Data concerning projects financed b y the Reconstruction Finance Corporation refer to the month end­
ing M ay 15.




28

Construction. Projects Financed From Regular Governm ental
Appropriations

a construction contract is awarded or force-account
work is started by a department or agency of the Federal Govern­
ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on forms
supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor,
the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed.
Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Govern­
ment agency doing the work. These reports are returned to the
Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts dis­
bursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project, and
the value of the different types of materials for which orders were
placed during the month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not
have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to
that date.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular governmental appropria­
tions during May 1 are given in table 18, by type of project.
W

henever

Table 18.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, May 1936
[Subject to revision]
N um ber of wage
earners
T yp e of project
M aximum
number
em ployed 1

W eekly
average

M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Num ber of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Value of
material
Average
orders
earnings placed dur­
per hour ing month

A ll projects. ...................... .............

2 79,789

76,645

$6,242, 763

10,262,637

$0.608

$12, 559,367

Building construction....................
Electrification........... .......................
Naval vessels...................................
Public roads 3_._..................... .......
Reclam ation........ ............ ...............

10,095
4
13,440
(4)
1,209

8,436
4
12,928
38,884
1,144

743, 647
99
1,444, 535
2, 705,079
170,472

1,092,812
128
1,771, 247
4,963,902
229, 668

.680
.773
.816
.545
.742

2,872,924
0
2,808,723
5,300, 568
3, 608

River, harbor, and flood control..
Streets and roads..........................
W ater and sewerage_____________
Miscellaneous___________________

12, 582
2,097
59
1,419

12,103
1,878
41
1,227

1,024, 776
90,973
2, 580
60, 602

1,883, 736
221,136
5, 653
94,355

.544
.411
.456
.642

913, 647
57,865
270
601, 762

1 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
4 N ot available; average number included in total.

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction
projects financed from regular governmental appropriations from
M ay 1935 to May 1936 are shown, by months, in table 19.
1 Data concerning projects financed b y regular governmental appropriations are based on m onth ending
M a y 15.




29
Table 19,—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriation, May 1935 to May 1936
[Subject to revision]
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Number
of wage
earners

M onth

Number of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of ma­
terial orders
placed dur­
ing month

1935
M a y _________ ____________ ____________
June__________ ____ ______ _____________
July___________ _______________________
A u g u st--............... .......................................

23,057
26,191
25,788
36,491

$1,599,937
1, 904,454
1,890,209
2,694,822

2,370,925
2,842,470
2,752,801
4,137,008

$0.675
.670
.687
.651

$2,704,333
2,960,270
3,079,618
4,459,551

Septem ber......................... ................... .......
October. _______________________________
N ovem ber____ _____________________
December______________ ____________

45, 592
59,091
63,912
56, 780

3,199,785
4,193,129
4,077,395
3, 707,963

5, 066, 873
6, 716, 798
6, 559, 665
5, 980,118

.632
.624
.622
.620

5,801,445
7,181,155
6,690,405
6,155,840

1936
January. _______________________________
February................................ ............ .........
March_______ ______ ___________________
A pril____________ _____ _______________
M a y __________ ________ _______________

46,895
43,915
47, 538
60,107
79, 789

3,990,725
3, 619,025
3, 674,896
5,205, 353
6, 242, 763

6, 246,418
5, 545,115
5,814, 569
8,375,190
10, 262, 637

.639
.653
.632
.622
.608

5,584, 611
6, 669,016
7,185,019
9,861, 378
10, 561,134

St ate-Road Projects

A r e c o r d of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the con­
struction and maintenance of State roads from May 1935 to May
1936, inclusive, is presented in table 20.
Table 20.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
May 1935 to May 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees working on—
M onth
New roads

1935
M a y _ _ ____ ________ ____ ________________

M ainte­
nance

Total

Total pay
roll

J u ly—----------------- ------- ------- ----------------------------------------August........ ........................................................ .................

27,924
30,823
35,826
40,130

135,541
138, 253
148,575
163,960

163,465
169,076
184,401
204,090

$6,008,348
7, 079, 793
8,232,589
9,063,104

September______________________________________ ____
O ctob er.____ _______________________________________
N ovem ber-------------------------------------------------------------------December_______ ____________________________________

40,431
40,390
32,487
27,046

156,187
147,324
139,138
121,690

196,618
187,714
171,625
148,736

8,435, 225
8,150,299
7,156,025
6,139,581

14, 358
10,256
8,150
11, 339
16, 566

105, 795
119,777
133,386
143,305
164,356

120,153
130,033
141, 536
154, 644
180,922

7,481,502
7, 572,614
7,689,770
8,918,024
10,560,866

__________

1936
January_________________________________ ____________
February------ -------------------------------------- ------------ -----------M arch__----------- --------------------------------------------------------A pril______ ____________________ _____________ _______

i Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from Public Works Administration funds.




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