Full text of Employment and Payrolls : March 1952
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EMPLOYMENT and Payrolls MONTHLY STA TISTICA L REPORT MARCH 1952 ■ A Employment Trends ? ^ Industry Developments Industry Statistics \ . State and Area Statistics Payroll Data UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin - Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague - Commissioner Publications on Employment Developments C H J & i U U U e fruMH The Bureau of Labor Statistics program in the measurement and analysis of employment trends includes (1) the preparation of current monthly statistics on employment, labor turnover, and hours and earnings in major industries, States and areas; (2) the interpretation of these employment trends; (3) the analysis of long term trends in employment in major occupations and industries; and (4) the prepara tion of estimates of manpower requirements for the defense mobilization program and estimates of prospective labor supply. Employment statistics are prepared in co operation with State agencies. L i s t e d below and c o n tin u e d on the ( i n s i d e ) back co v e r are the major r e p o r t s a v a il a b l e to the p u b l i c . Distribution is free unless otherwise noted. Requests for these publications specifying exact titles, should be addressed to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington 25, D. C. EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLLS— Employment figures presented for approximately 250 individ ual industries, for 48 States and the District of Columbia and for selecte areas, in varying industry detail. On a national basis only, data on em ployment of women in manufacturing industries available quarterly. Report also contains analysis of latest monthly employment trends and current and anticipated developments in selected industries. Press release, giving analysis of current trends in broad industry groups based on preliminary data, available approximately two weeks earlier. Both reports published mon thly. HOURS AND EARNINGS — Average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings for approximately 275 industries, and for States and se lected areas. Press release, giving analysis of current trends in broad industry groups based on preliminary data, available approximately two weeks earlier. Both reports published monthly. LABOR TURNOVER— Data on hiring, quits, layoffs, and discharges shown for 121 indi vidual manufacturing and selected non-manufacturing industries. On a national basis only, data on women for selected industries available quar terly. Press release, giving analysis of current trends in broad industry groups based on preliminary data, available approximately two weeks ear lier. Both reports published monthly. These publications prepared by DIVISION OF MANPOWER AND EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Seymour L. Wolfbein, Chief EMPLOYMENT and Payrolls MARCH 1952 MONTHLY STATISTICAL report contents Page In this issue.•••# EMPLOYMENT TRENDS......................... 3 INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT REPORTS Industrial Organic Chemicals*..... ......... 9 OTHER INDUSTRIES IN BRIEF................... Motion Pictures Metal Stampings Cutting Tools, Jigs, Fixtures, etc# Indexes of production- STATISTICAL TABLES - JANUARY 1952 worker employment and week 1# Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, ly payrolls (table 5)* pre by Industry Division......••#••••..... . viously based on the 1939 2# Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, average, have been revised by Industiy Division and Group.#•••••••••#• to a 19U7-19U9 base period. 3# All Employees and Production Workers in These new series supersede Mining and Manufacturing Industries•••••••• data shown in monthly re U# Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing ports dated prior to March Industries. ••••••••... •••••••••••••.... 1952 and in issues of the 5# Indexes of Production-Worker Employment "Monthly Labor Review" and Weekly Payrolls in Manufacturing dated prior to April 1952* Industrie s#################....... ...... .6# Employees in the Shipbuilding and Repairing Industiy, by Region##••#... #••#••••#•#••• Coming next month••••• 7. Federal Civilian Employment and Payrolls in All Areas and in Continental United States, A supplement showing and T o tal Government C i v i l i a n Employment annual averages for the and Payrolls in the District of Columbia... five-year period 19U7-1951 8. Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, for all tables in the cur by Industiy Division, by State... #•#••••• rent issue# The tables on 9# Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, State and Area data, how by Industiy Division, in Selected Areas##.# ever, will carry annual averages for 1951 only# (Data for the two most recent months shown are subject to revision#) 21 23 2h 26 30 32 33 3U 35 38 APPENDIX Explanatory notes#....................... .. U5 Glossary# ...... •#•.... ••••#•••##•##••##•••• 51 List of Cooperating State Agencies*#........... 53 CHARTS Employment in Manufacturing Industries#####•••• Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries.#.... . Monthly Labor Turnover Rates in Manufacturing Industrie..... ............. 2 8 20 - 3 - 5y y fljp v Z z V £ // y y 4 2 7/ y V y E 4y Employment Trends Manufacturing Employment Down “ by 160.000 Over the Year Manufacturing employment declined by 160,000 between Febru ary 1951 and February 1952, to 15*8 million, but expansion in other sectors of the economy outweighed this reduction, so that the total number of employees in nonfarm industries was 440,000 higher than a year ago, and unemployment— as measured by the Bureau of the Census— was at a postwar low for the month« Between January and February 1952, nonfarm employment de clined slightly, to 45,8 million, mainly because of seasonal reduc tions in retail trade and construction* However, pre-Easter employ ment gains were reported by the apparel and shoe industries, and most of the metalworking industries made small additions to their workforce as a result of expanding defense production and some easing of metals supplies# Over the year, employment reductions of 5 percent or more were reported in the apparel, leather, furniture, lumber, and textile industry groups, reflecting decreased demand for consumer goods and restrictions on nondefense construction* In the leather and textile industries, February 1952 employment levels were even lower than in February 1939, in contrast to a gain of over 60 percent in total fac tory employment over this period* However, industries producing military goods and industrial equipment required by the national defense program recorded signifi cant employment gains over the year* The ordnance, instruments, ma chinery, and transportation equipment industry groups increased their workforce by 5 percent or more between February 1951 and February 1952. In transportation equipment, a net addition of 190,000 workers in air craft plants and of 30,000 in shipyards more than offset reduced em ployment in the automobile industry* Nonmanufacturing Activities Add Workers Total Government employment increased by 370,000 over the year. Most of the rise occurred in Federal arsenals, navy yards, military bases, and other defense activities. State and local govern ment accounted for about 110,000 of the increase* The number of workers employed by nondefense agencies of the Federal Government was virtually unchanged* - 4 - Contract construction employment, at 2.3 million this Febru ary, continued at an all-time peak for the season, and was about 50,000 higher than in February of last year. Total expenditures for new construction were virtually unchanged over the year as increased military and industrial building activity offset cutbacks in resi dential and commercial construction. Employment in retail and wholesale trade in February 1952 was about 100,000, or 1 percent, higher than a year earlier, despite a reduced volume of reted1 sales. Finance i3 another sector of the economy where employment gains were recorded over the year. The number of persons employed in banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions increased by about 80,000, to 1*9 million in February 1952. Factory Hiring Lower Than Year Ago The number of workers hired by manufacturing plants increased seasonally between December and January, but remained lower than a year earlier. Over the month, the hiring rate rose from 30 to 45 per 1,000 employees as a result of pre-Easter expansion in many consumer goods plants as well as the greater number of working days in January. Hiring this January was about 15 percent below the January 1951 rate. Over-the-year decreases in hiring were reported in most industry groups, reflecting reduced output of consumer goods and building mate rials and a slower rate of expansion in defense-related industries. Factory workers were laid off at a rate of 14 per 1,000 em ployees this January— about the same as in December, but 40 percent greater than in January 1951. Over the year, layoffs more than doubled in the apparel, chemicals, textiles, lumber, paper, and stone, clay, and glass industry groups. Except for chemicals, these are industries where reduced consumer buying or restrictions on nondefense construc tion have resulted in significant employment declines over the year, as well as marked decreases in the average workweek. However, defense-related industries continued to report rela tively low layoff rates. In the ordnance, electrical machinery, in struments, transportation equipment, and primary and fabricated metals industry groups, layoffs this January were at or below the low rates of a year earlier. The rate at which workers were quitting their jobs rose sea sonally between December and January, from 14 to 19 per 1,000 employees* However, the quit rate was 10 percent lower than in January 1951, when expanding employment opportunities permitted more workers to change their jobs. - 5 - Factory Workweek at Tear-Ago Level The average workweek of factory production workers in midJanuary 1952— at AO.9 hours— was about the same as a year earlier, as reduced hours in plants producing consumer goods and building materials offset gains in defense-related industries* Between December 1951 and January 1952, the average work week declined seasonally because of brief shutdowns for inventorytaking in a wide range of industries and seasonal slackening in lum ber, tobacco, furniture, and stone, clay, and glass. Over the year, decreases in the workweek of a half hour or more were reported in the apparel, textile, paper, lumber, and stone, clay, and glass industry groups, which also experienced de creases in production worker employment— ranging from 5 to 10 per cent— because of slackened consumer demand or curtailed nondefense building activity. In contrast, average weekly hoyrs in defense-connected industries this January were at or above the high levels of a year earlier. The ordnance, machinery, electrical machinery, instruments, and primary and fabricated metals industries reported average work weeks of over 42 hours in mid-January, indicating extensive schedul ing of overtime for many of their workers. In the rubber products industry group, the average workweek in January 1952 was over a half hour longer than a year earlier, re flecting the recent relaxation of government controls on the use of rubber for tire manufacturing. In the previous six months, this indus try had been reporting over-the-year reductions in hours of work. Workers* Pay Up 5 Percent Because of the shorter workweek, average weekly earnings of production workers in manufacturing plants declined by 32 cents bet ween December and January. However, earnings, at $67.OS in January, were $3*32— or 5 percent— higher than a year earlier. This increase resulted both from the larger proportion of workers in the higherpaid defense-related industries and from cost-of-living and other wage adjustments allowed since the wage stabilization order of January 1951. Average gross hourly earnings— including overtime and other premium pay— rose by a half cent between December and January, re flecting widespread cost-of-living and other wage rate advances. Over the year, average hourly earnings were up by 5-1/2 per cent— or 8-1/2 cents— to $1.64 in January 1952. The sharpest rela tive gain— almost 11 percent— was reported by the rubber products industry. With the exception of the apparel industry group-where hourly earnings were virtually unchanged— all industry groups re corded increases of at least 2 percent between January 1951 and Jan uary 1952. -6 - Table A: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division and Selected Groups (In thousands) 1952 Industry division and group Feb, i/ | Jan. 1951 Dec. Feb. Net change Feb. Jan, 1952 1951 to to Feb. Feb, 1952 .1952 -69 +444 TOTAL.... 45,834 45,903 47,592 45,390 MANUFACTURING................ 15,819 15,776 15,912 15,978 +43 -159 MINING...................... 905 909 915 930 -4 - 25 107 365 107 368 106 369 402 106 0 -3 + 1 - 37 100 100 105 97 0 + 3 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION.......... 2,276 2,316 2,524 2,228 -<40 + 48 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES................... 4,105 4,109 4,151 4,082 -4 + 23 2,852 705 548 2,858 701 550 2,897 702 552 2,866 671 545 -6 +4 - 2 - 14 + 34 + 3 9,653 9,706 10,646 9,554 -53 + 99 2,636 2,627 2,658 2,593 +9 + 43 7,017 1,442 1,268 7,079 1,474 1,266 7,988 2,089 1,312 6,961 1,431 1,257 -62 -32 +2 + 56 + 11 + 11 747 751 768 735 -4 + 12 511 3,049 533 3,055 652 3,167 515 3,023 -22 -6 — 4 + 26 FINANCE..................... 1,919 1,906 1,911 1,839 +13 + 80 SERVICE..................... 4,667 4,672 4,702 4,657 - 5 + 10 GOVERNMENT................... 6,490 6,509 6,831 6,122 -19 +368 2,344 4,H6 2,331 4,178 2,677 4,154 2,085 4,037 +13 -32 +259 +109 Nonmetallic mining and TRADE....................... Pood and liquor stores,,...... Automotive and accessories Apparel and accessories 1/ Preliminary. -7Table B: Employees in Manufacturing Industry Groups (In thousands) 1952 Dec. Feb. MANUFACTURING... 15,819 15,776 15,912 15,978 +43 -159 8,971 8,946 8,999 8,877 +25 + 94 DURABLE GOODS Ordnance and accessories.......... Lumber and wood products (except furniture)............... Furniture and fixtures............ Stone, clay, and glass products.... Primary metal industries.......... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment).... . Machinery (except electrical)..... Electrical machinery.............. Transportation equipment.......... Instruments and related products... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries........................ 71.2 68.5 716 341 530 1,351 722 341 533 1,352 993 1,654 966 1,568 317 988 1,645 961 1,564 316 464 NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products......... Tobacco manufactures.............. Textile-mill products............. Apparel and other finished textile products................. Paper and allied products......... Printing, publishing, and allied industries........................ Chemicals and allied products..... Products of petroleum and coal.... Rubber products.................... Leather and leather products...... * Preliminary Net chance Feb. Jan. 1952 1951 to to Feb. Feb. 1952 1952 Jan. Industry division and group Feb. u 1951 65.7 33.3 + 2.7 + 37.9 762 342 545 1,355 800 373 547 1,331 -6 0 -3 - 1 -84 - 32 - 17 + 20 989 963 1,559 315 1,022 1,557 931 1,493 286 + + + + + + + + 455 463 504 +9 -40 6,848 6,830 6,913 7,101 +18 -253 1,449 88 1,217 1,452 89 1,229 1,508 91 1,239 1,478 87 1,365 -3 - 1 —12 - 29 + 1 -148 1,168 479 1,144 480 1,152 484 1,237 496 - +24 1 - 69 - 17 767 761 266 272 381 768 757 266 275 370 773 759 269 275 363 758 738 256 273 413 1 +4 0 -3 +11 + 9 + 23 + 10 - 1 -32 1,640 + - 5 9 5 4 1 29 97 35 75 31 tUKEAU O f LAtOK STATISTICS industry Employment Report INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC CHEMICALS Employment in the Industrial organic chenicals Industry was 229,200 la January 1952. This represents & rise of 16 percent since the beginning of hostilities in Korea, and is 24*1 percent higher than in January 1946* The upward employment trend is expected to oantinae in this fast growing industry. Fewer than 40 years ago the industrial organic ohsnicals industry consisted of only seven manufacturers with annual sales of $3«5 million. The industry now employs about 230,000 workers in 570 plants, and its products are valued at nearly $4 billion. To a great extent, this industry owes its rapid development to the discovery of new products through scientific research. Most Products Are Made From Coal and Petroleum Industrial organic chemicals are compounds produced from ooal, petroleum, and agricultural products. Some of these organic compounds are well known; for example, synthetic fibers, such as nylon or rayon; synthetic rubber; and plastics materials. There are many other Important products less well known, such as industrial explosives, the wide variety of dyes and other color pigments, industrial alcohol, formaldehyde, ben zene, and glycerin. Some of the principal users of organic chemicals are the textile industry, plastics products manufacturers, and the mining in dustry. Mich of the output is used within the industry in manufacturing other organio chemical products. Coal is the principal raw material used in manufacturing organio chemicals, but petroleum and natural gas are becoming increasingly impor tant. Vood and cotton are basic raw materials in rayon manufacture and in making celluloslcs plastics materials. The raw materials are changed into finished products for use in industry by a number of different manufacturing processes. There are, how ever, four major steps in the sequence of manufacture. In the first step, tars are extracted from coal, oil-gas, or water gas. Coal tar is produced chiefly by the steel industry as a byproduct of coke. Water^-gas and oilgas tars are byproducts of the petroleum and natural gas industry. The second step consists of production of "crudes*— principally benzene, toluene, xylene, and napthalene from tars, and from petroleum and natural gas. 9- - 10 - ytnftll amounts of these crudes are sold as end-products but the greater portion is used in manufacturing "intermediates", the third step in processing. "Intermediates" originally vere used as an intermediate step only in the manufacture of dyes, but they are now used for other pro ducts such as explosives, perfumes, medicinals, flavors, and plastics* Some of the principal intermediates are alcohol, phenol, nitro-benzene, aniline oil, refined napthalene, clarobenzene, and styrene. In the fourth step, these compounds are used mainly in making more complex synthetic organic chemicals and finished products. However, some are sold as finished products without further processing. Far example, refined napthalene may be packaged and sold as a moth repellent or as a deodorant. Some of the principal industrial organic chemicals shipped as finished products are: dyes, which are soluble colors and used mainly in textile manufacturing; lakes and toners, which are color pigments not soluble in water or oil and are used in the manufacture of paints and inks; plastics and resin materials in the form of sheets, rods, tubes, and powder, which are furnished to manufacturers of finished plastics products; synthe tic fibers, such as rayon, nylon, and orlon, which are used in textile, apparel, and tire cord manufacture; synthetic rubber, such as GR-S, neoprene, and butyl, which are used by the tire and tube industry. TMhm-a P1a . ?-^?3 Account far Largft Shttra of t.h* Enyl C h a rt 1 PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS Millions of Pounds 2000 U ses (1949) Men's and b o y 's app arel Wcnen's and c h ild r e n 's apparel Household In d u s t r ia l Export 12 .0 * 39*7 7 .0 3 2 .0 9 .3 1500 - 1000 500 1939 1945 1950 Synthetic fibers, one of the major branches of the industry, are used in greater volume than wool and rank second only to cotton among the textile fibers. Production has increased almost continuously since just after World War I when quantity production of rayon began. Currently, production workers in synthetio fibers number about 50,000, and out put of rayon, nylon, orlon and other synthetic fibers is at an all-time peak. These fibers hare made major inroads in all the major textile fields and accounted for 73 percent of the increase in fiber consumption between 1937 and 1949. The principal use of synthetic fibers is for clothing. (See chart l). Industrial uses such as for tire cord and belting have increased in importance and now consume almost one-third of production. Raw material for rayon is wood pulp or cotton linters, the short fibers left on the seeds after they have been separated from cotton* Coal is the raw material used for the newer fibers such as nylon, orlon, and dynel. - 11 - PRODUCTION OF PLASTICS MATERIALS C h a r, 2 M illio n s 2000 of Pou n d s U ses (1950) P ro te ctive coating Molding m a te ria ls Sheeting & film Other 25 .l& 34.1 1 0 .7 29.8 1500 1000 500 1939 1945 1950 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Of LABOR C h a rt 3 PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER Th o u san d s of Long Tons 1250 U ses (1951) 1000 - T ir e s 50.3% Tubes 6.4 Camelback 7 .1 Heels and solea 4 .5 Other 3 1 .7 The phenomenal growth of plastics during the past decade has been matched by that of few products. Flastics, once considered merely substitute materials with limited application, have assumed a place of major importance in our indus trial economy. This branch of the organic chemicals industry employed 21,800 production workers in January 1952. About 125 companies produced approximately 1*8 billion pounds of plastics materials in 1951» roughly tvice the volume pro duced in 1946. Leading plastics materials in order of volume produced are vinyl resins, phenolics, alkyd resins, and polystyrenes. The largest outlet for vinyl is film and sheeting for such items as drapes, shower curtains, upholstery, raincoats, phono graph records, and garden hose. Phenolics materials are used for radio and tele vision cabinets, table tops, cameras, and telephone parts. The alkyd resins are used in making paints, varnishes, and enamels, especially finishes for automo bile bodies and refrigerators. Polystyrene, made from styrene (also one of the main ingredients of synthetic rubber) has shown the greatest gain in recent years. Its principal advantages are its low cost and Its ability to take colors vello Among its uses are molded products such as dishware, toys, refrigerator dishes, and. novelties. Synthetic rubber is produced mainly in Government-owned, bat privately operated plants which were built during World War II. This branch of the organic chemicals industry employed 7,600 produc tion workers in January 1952. GR-S synthetic rubber, which accounts for 85 percent of production, is a general purpose type which is made from butadiene and styrene. Butadiene comes from a combination of petroleum or natural gas and ethyl alcohol. Styrene is made from benzol, a derivative of petroleum or coal tar0 750 - 500 250 - 1939 8 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF IA CR 1945 1950 Currently, over 80 percent of the rubber used in passenger tires is GR-S. Over 90 percent of tire tubes are made of the butyl (GR-l), a special purpose synthetic rubbero Neoprene, - 12 PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ALCOHOL M illio n s 1000 of another synthetic rubber, is used ex tensively in life-saving equipment, wire and cable coverings, solid airplane tires, hose, and aircraft equipment. Pounds U ses(1950) Industrial alcohol, one of the major products of the organic chemicals industry, is an essential commodity for both peace and wartime uses. In peace time it is used primarily as a solvent and as a raw material for the produc tion of other chemicals. La wartime or in periods of defense preparation it has additional important uses in the manu facture of such products as synthetic rubber and military explosives. 750 500 250 ~ 1939 1945 1950 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR M w foatqrch Industrial alcohol is again in short supply as a result of the re opening of synthetic rubber plants. It is ejected that the additional quantity needed for the synthetic rubber program will be supplied by imports from France. Otherwise it would probably be necessary to obtain the alcohol from beverage dis tributors# Employe Firms producing industrial chemicals employ an unusually large number of professional and research personnel. More than 10 percent of the Nation *s professional personnel engaged in research are employed by industrial chemical firms. Chemists and chemical engineers constitute the major proportion of these professional workers. Chemists in this industry perform analytical and research work on carbon compounds. They develop process control methods, supervise routine testing of material during processing, and prepare technical reports. Chemical engineers apply chemistry and engineering science to the designing, constructing, and improving of equipment. Many specialize in con sulting, testing, technical sales and service, or technical writing. Also important are mechanical engineers who specialize in designing tools, engines, machines, or other industrial equipment, or planning and operating the central distribution for heat, gas, water, or steam; and electrical engineers who specialize in planning and supervising the construction, installation, and operation of electric-power generating plants and trananission lines* Some large plants employ industrial, civil, construction, metallurgical, and safety engineers. In addition to the large number of professional personnel this in dustry employs many subprofessional workers, including draftanen who prepare working plans and detailed drawings from the rough sketches or notea of the chemists or engineers; and laboratory assistants who perform standard labora tory tests for specific gravity, viscosity, or routine tests on volume or color to determine various properties. They work in the research laboratories or in the various processing departments. - 13 Operating M<H ntawnn^ Workers P^^cminwtA Most of the processing equipment aerators are skilled* Chemical operators, the largest group, determine proper proportions of material ac cording to formulas or specifications, make necessary standard calculations, set and regulate controls for temperature, pressure, or flow of material. They also observe controls and make necessary adjustments, and use measuring and testing instruments to check quality of operations. Stillmen operate distillation equipment that separates volatile mixtures into component parts. Filterers operate one or more units of filtering equipment used in separating suspended solids from liquids. Autoclave operators charge, operate, and un load autoclaves (high-pressure vessels) used in chemical manufacturing pro cesses in which the reaction involves chemical changes within highly critical pressure and temperature limits. Compressors operate equipment that com presses commercial gases into liquid form. They maintain the proper flow of gases through compressing equipment by m w m m n y setting and adjusting con trols. Driers operate one or more units of equipment used in separating water or other undesirable volatile liquid components from solids. Volatile components are removed by heating the solids with circulating hot acid or steam and by maintaining a vacuum over the solids. Electrio-cell men operate electric cells that break down liquids into component parts by electricity. They maintain the flow of material to and from the cells, by use of valves; check the various electric gauges, examine the sides and poles of the cell for corrosion; adjust and make minor repairs to the equipment. Millers tend one or more units of equipment used to crush, grind, or pulverize materials to specification. Mixers operate one or more machines in which component parts (liquids or solids) are blended or mixed in controlled amounts. Pump men tend and maintain power-driven pumps used to move liquids from one pro cess to another or to storage tanks. The highly skilled carpenters, pipefitters, electricians, machinists, and other maintenance workers keep the plant and equipment in repair and make installations. Because chemical manufacture requires a relatively high ratio of equipment to workers, this industry employs a high proportion of maintenance workers. In general, their work is dnilar to that of most other manufacturing industries. The processing equipment operators helpers constitute a small pro portion of the work force. In chemical industries most of the higher skilled jobs are filled by promotion within the plant. Helpers usually move from semiskilled work to the more skilled jobs of operators. Materials handling occupations, such as truck drivers, hand and power truckers, and loaders and unloaders, comprise a relatively small occupa^tional group. Materials handlers are almost entirely unskilled or semi skilled workers. Guards, janitors, watchmen, and other custodial workers have jobs similar to those in other industries. Less than 5 percent of the industry*s workers are employed in these occupations. - H Another small group, apprentices, learners, and trainees, work under the supervision of experienced men as a part of their training program. About one-fourth of the plant workers consist of general laborers, handymen, a few stock clerks, roustabouts, general helpers and utility mem* According to the 1947 Census of Manufactures, over 86 percent of total production workers and about three-fonrths of administrative and office personnel in industrial organic chemicals were men. Women were em ployed mainly in office jobs. In the plant, they usually work in laboratory and packaging departments. However, in some branches of the industry, women play a more important role. In the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, which employed over 60 percent of all women working in industrial organic chemicals, more than 25 percent of the production workers were women. They constituted more than 15 percent of the plant workers in the manufacture of industrial explosives. NEARLY HALF OF THE INDUSTRY’S W O RKERS C h a r t 5. ARE EMPLOYED IN N EW JERSEY, TENNESSEE, AND V IR G IN IA IN D U S T R IA L O R G A N IC C H E M IC A L S , 1951 Percent of Industrial Organic Chemical Employment ^'/////A Less Than I% I __ 1.0 - 4.9 % 1 5.0- 9.9 % 10.0- 16.1% UNITED STATES DEPAR TM EN T OF L A B O R BUREAU OF LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S - 15 - Sharpest Enrolmment Gains In South Central States Employment has increased in every region since 1939, but there has been a significant shift to the East South Central and the West South Central States. These regions, which between them accounted for only 13 percent of 1939 employment,, currently have 28 percent of the total* The greatest numerical employment increases from 1939 to 1951 were in the East South Central, Middle Atlantic, and in West South Central regions, in that order (see table l). The Middle Atlantic States employ the greatest number of workers, accounting for 30 percent of total employment. Following closely are the South Atlantic States with 26 percent of the total. The East South Central States, with 18 percent, is the only other region with more than 10 percent of total employment. Table 1.— Estimated Average Employment in Industrial Organic Chemicals, by Region 1939 and 1951 1939 Region All employees 1951 Percent of total All employees Percent of total All regions-- --------------- 110,500 100.0 227,100 100.0 New England------- ------- 4-,400 4.0 9,300 4.1 Middle Atlantic ------------- 40,800 36.9 68,300 30.1 East North Central -- - ---- 9,000 8.1 19,100 8.4 West North Central - ------- 1,400 1.3 5,200 2.3 South Atlantic - - - -- ---- 38,300 34.6 58,100 25.6 East South Central ---- ---- 13,700 12.4 40,300 17.7 West South Central - - ------ 1,000 .9 22,300 9.8 Mountain ------------------ 400 .4 900 •4 Pacific -------------------- 1,500 1.4 3,600 1.6 - 16 - Plants manufacturing synthetic fibers are concentrated in the eastern part of the United States, the South Atlantic States accounting for threefourths of total employment. The main centers of employment in the manufac ture of synthetic rubber are Texas, Louisiana, and Los Angeles and there are a fev plants in the Louisville and Akron areas. Employment in plastics ma terials is concentrated in two regions, the Middle and South Atlantic States, which account for almost 70 percent of the total, Mare than 60 percent of the 563 plants in the organic chemicals in dustry in 1947 employed fewer than 100 workers. Among the various industry branches there were significant differences in plant size. In plastics ma terials manufacture, 75 of the 125 plants had fewer than 100 workers, and accounted for less than 8 percent of total employment, whereas the 16 estab lishments having over 500 workers employed over three-fourths of total workers. Of the 38 plants primarily engaged in the manufacture of synthetic fibers, 70 percent of the work force was concentrated in the 13 establishments having over 2,500 employees. Of the 20 plants producing synthetic rubber, the 10 with between 250 and 500 workers each, employed over half the work force. Most of the remainder were in 4 large plants. In industrial explosive produc tion, almost two-thirds of the 76 plants employed fewer than 100 workers, but accounted for only 15 percent of total employment. Most of the 46 cyclic crudes manufacturing plants employed fever than 100 workers; no plant employed over 250* Of the 258 plants producing miscellaneous organic chemicals, 9 with a total of over 2,500 employees had almost half of total employment. Inlnrv and Turn-Over Rates Low The nature of the products made working conditions relatively hazardous in the early stages of the industry*s development. In recent years, however, most of the hazards of industrial chemical manufacturing have been eliminated and injury rates are now generally lower than the average for all manufacturing industries. (See table 2). Table 20— Worker Injury Rates, Industrial Organic Chemicals and All Manufacturing 1945-50 AH Synthetic Plastics Synthetic materials manufacturing rubber fibers Fre Sever Sever Fre Fre Sever Fre Sever* quency ity quency ity quency ity quency ity ~u ~j s t Tear Explosives Fre quency Sever ity 18.6 1.6 6.6 .2 3.6 2.1 6.5 8.9 9.5 1.3 .01 6.8 3.0 1.6 5.7 1.0 19.9 9.9 9.9 1.9 18.8 7.2 .8 5.8 .8 1 9 ^ 7 1.7 5.3 1.4 1.9 3.5 1948 17.2 1.2 1.7 .1 3.7 6.4 1.5 5.4 4.3 4.8 3.0 1.8 1949 14.5 .9 1.4 2.3 •5, »9/ 1950 1.2 7.0 14.7 2.1 1.9 3, 3.4 . 2/ 2/ The injury-frequency rate is the average number of aisabling work injuries for each is million employee-hours worked. 2/ The severity rate is the average number of days lost because of disabling work in'ies, per 1,000 employee-hours worked. Information not available. Source: Branch of Industrial Hazards, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1945 1946 ----------------------- 2.6 - 17 Employment is relatively steady in this industry* The turn-over rate3, both separations and accessions, have been consistently lover than the rates in all-manufacturing. (See table 3). Table 3.-— Labor Turn-Over Bates, Industrial Organic Chemicals and All Manufacturing 2/ 1950-52 Industrial organic chemicals Tear A H manufacturing Separation rate Accession rate Separation rate Accession rate 1950: Jan. - - - Apr.-----July-----Oct.------ 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.3 2.5 3.1 2.8 2.9 4.3 3.6 3.5 4.7 5.2 1951: Jan.-----Apr.-----July - - -Oct. - - - - 1.7 1.7 1.6 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.2 1.6 4.1 4.6 4.4 4.7 5.2 4.5 4.2 4.4 1952: Jan. 2/ - - 2.7 1.7 4.0 4.5 Rates per 100 employees 2/ Preliminary Earnings Above Average Average earnings, both hourly and weekly, are higher in organic chemicals than the general average for manufacturing industries. (See table 4). However, in synthetic fiber manufacturing, wages are slightly lower than the all-manufacturing average. There is considerable variation among the in dustries classified as making industrial organic chemicals* Hourly earnings in synthetic fibers manufacture were less than the average in industrial organic chemicals, whereas earnings in the manufacture of synthetic rubber were higher. The workweek in this industry is about the same as in all-manufacturing, averaging 41*0 hours during 1951 as compared with 40.8 in allmanufacturing• - 18 - Table 4«— Average Hours and Gross Earnings of Production Workers in Indastrial Organic Chemicals and All-Manufacturing Industries, 1947-52 Tear 1947 - 1948 - 1949 - 1950 - 1951 1/ 1952: Jan. Industrial orjganic chemicals Average weekly Average earnings hours Hourly Weekly y 40o3 40.4 39.5 40.6 41.0 4 0.2 $1,310 1.428 lo540 1.618 1.752 1.733 ♦52.79 57.69 60.83 65.69 71.83 71.68 All-manufacturing Average weekly Average earnings hours Hourly Weekly 40.4 40.1 39.2 40.5 40.8 40.9 11.237 1.350 1.401 1.465 1.594 1.640 $49.97 54.14 54.92 59.33 64.92 67.08 l/ Preliminary ■iiVfostsx.OjrflggiS,Bartgfrt Before 1914» the dye manufacturers, which constituted almost the entire organic chemical manufacturing industry, made less than 10 percent of the dyes and intermediates needed for American industry. Germany supplied most of the remainder. When these imports ceased at the outbreak of World War Iy there was a frantic scramble to build an organic chemical industry from the meager facilities available. By the end of the war-, over 90 percent of our requirements were being produced in this country* In the interest of national defense, Congress erected tariff barriers to protect the organic chemicals industry from foreign competition. As a result of this protection and the growing demand for organic chemicals, the industry grew steadily. Synthetic fibers made particularly large gains in production. Output of rayon increased greatly, and in the 1930* s nylon was introduced and found a wide market. Plastics made serious inroads into fields previously thought to be the exclusive preserve of such materials as wood and metal. Production of many other organic chemicals rose several fold, and a host of new products were developed. World War II brought about a tremendous expansion of the organic chemicals industry. Production and employment rose sharply in response to military needs, especially in explosives. Synthetic rubber production rose from a few thousand pounds annually to 320 thousand tons in 194-5* to make up far the loss of natural rubber imports from the Far East which had been overb rim by the Japanese. By the end of the war, the synthetic rubber industry was producing more rubber annually than the Nation consumed in the years before 1941* The need for clothing and equipment, particularly parachutes made of nylon, gave stimulus to the expansion of the synthetic fibers indus try. As metals became scarce there was a heavy demand for plastics ma terials. Employment in the industry rose 160 percent between 1939 and 1943 to an all-time peak of 290,000 workers, and remained at about that level for the next 2 years. (See chart 6.) - 19 - In the postwar period, demand declined for such products as military explosives, synthetic rubber, and other items which are used primarily for war purposes, and employment dropped to about 200,000. However, production of other chemicals, in cluding synthetic fibers and plastics materials, continued to expand and partially offset the decline due to redactions in military requirements. There was also a pent-up demand for nylon, increased acceptance of new plastics products, renewed construc tion activity with its demands for industrial explosives and paints, demand for textile dyes, and many other products of this industry. Em ployment climbed slowly in 1947 and 1948, declined in early 1949, and then rose steadily until September 1951, when employment reached a postwar high of 234,500* The number of workers in January 1952 was 229,200, 22 percent higher than in January 1950, the year hostilities started in Korea. Snployment is still well below the World War II peak when production of chemicals needed for military purposes was at extremely high levels. EMPLOYMENT STILL ONE-FOURTH BELOW WORLD WAR IE PEAK I&nployment and production probably will continue at high levels in 1952. Defense needs have been added to the growing civilian demand for the industry*s products. Military preparedness calls for increased production of many organic chemicals, including explosives, industrial alcohol, synthetic rubber, plastics materials, and synthetic fibers. These materials are needed to produce military items, including camouflage material, raincoats, helmets, parachutes, tire cording, and clothing for the Anned Forces. The industry is expected to continue its long-term growth, even if defense requirements decline. All branches of the chemical industry have in vested about $6 billion in plant and equipment since the end of World War II and plan to invest $1.2 billion more in the next 2 years. - 20 - MONTHLY LABOR TURNOVER RATES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES R ate per 100 Em ployees R ate per 100 Em ployees 10 rTOTAL ACCESSIONS- 10 0 1939 '40 '41 '42 '43 '44 '45 '46 '47 '48 '49 '50 1951 U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF L A BO R B U R E A U O F LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S ' V J DAY HOLIDAY - 21 Other Industries In Brief MOTION PICTURES Motion picture producers and exhibitors employed 21*1,000 workers in January 1952, four-fifths of whom worked in the theaters* Employment has remained fairly steady in the past 2 years after falling 20,000 between 19U7 and 1550. During that period, there was a UO per cent drop in theater attendance owing in part to the rapid growth of the television audience. However, attendance at theaters remained constant in 1950 and 1951 while the number of television sets increased by nearly 12 million. This year, employment in the industry will probably continue at about the same level as in 1951. Few new television stations will be erected this year, and in areas which now have television stations a high proportion of the families already own sets. METAL STAMPINGS Empl<yinent in the production of stamped metal goods for civilian use has been declining steadily since spring of 1951* because the defense program has required a constantly increasing amount of available metal supplies. The metal stampings industry employed 106,900 production workers in January 1952, 11 percent below January 1951* This industry's decline in employment reflects the limitations on the amount of metal available for the production of kitchen and household utensils and many other stamped metal parts used in the manufacture of consumer durable goods during the latter part of 1951* CUTTING TOOLS, JIG S AND FIXTURES Substantial employment gains have been recorded by producers of cutting tools, jigs, and fixtures, during the past 2 years. In - 22 - January 1952, 95,800 production workers were employed in this industry, 17 percent above the level of January 1951 and 52 percent above June 1950 when Korean hostilities began© Although production of these machine tool accessories has been cut back for the automobile and other consumer durable goods industries, heavy purchasing by defense-connected industries has kept tool and die shops operating at near-capacity levels. Extensive overtime work has been scheduled in order to keep pace with the rise in new orders and to prevent bottlenecks in production schedules. This industry*s January 1952 workweek of H7oU hours was 1„6 hours longer than that of January 1951 and was one of the highest recorded in January among all-manufacturing industries. Further moderate increases in employment in cutting tools, jigs, and fixture plants are expected during the first half of 1952 as defense industries continue to move ahead in tooling-up for larger scale output* -J— t-.I.I ••I.I 1 i— \— i- i S....i... I.... I -4 Current Employment and Payroll Statistics ■n i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i i Industry Data Table I* Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments By Industry Division (In thousands) Year and month Total | Contract Manufac Mining conturing Istruction Transporta tion and public utilities Govern ment Trade Finance Service 1 ,3 8 2 1 ,4 1 9 1 ,4 0 2 1 ,4 4 0 1 ,4 0 1 1 ,3 7 4 3 ,3 2 1 3 ,4 7 7 3 ,7 0 5 3 ,8 5 7 3 ,9 1 9 3 ,9 3 4 3 ,9 8 7 4 ,1 9 2 4 ,0 2 2 5 ,4 3 1 0 ,0 4 9 9 .1 9 0 9 ,4 9 1 9 ,4 3 8 9 ,5 2 4 1 ,3 9 4 1 ,5 8 0 1 ,0 4 1 1 ,7 1 0 1 ,7 0 3 1 ,8 1 2 4 ,0 5 5 4 ,0 2 1 4 ,7 8 0 4 ,7 9 9 4 ,7 8 2 4 ,7 0 1 5 ,9 0 7 5 ,0 0 7 5 .4 5 4 5 ,0 1 3 5 ,8 1 1 5 ,9 1 0 9,896 10,**3 1,820 1,828 *.723 6,037 *,69* 6,376 9,592 9,55* 9,713 9,627 9,683 9,732 1,831 1,839 1.85* 1,865 1,87* 1.893 4,666 *,657 6,088 *,682 *,7*5 *,789 4,835 6,217 6,292 6.377 6.377 1,908 1,91* 1,907 1,911 4,852 4,839 4,831 4,770 4,73* *,702 6,356 6,401 6,544 6,532 6,497 6,831 1,906 *,672 6,509 Annual average: 1 .1 5 0 1 ,2 9 4 1 ,7 9 0 2 ,1 7 0 1 ,5 0 7 1 ,0 9 4 1 0,078 1 0,780 12,974 1 5,051 1 7,381 1 7 , 111 2 ,9 1 2 3 ,0 1 3 3 ,2 4 8 3 ,4 3 3 3 ,0 1 9 3 ,7 9 8 0,012 1 ,1 3 2 3 ,8 7 2 4 ,0 2 3 4 ,1 2 2 4 .1 5 1 3 ,9 7 7 4 .0 1 0 7, 522 1 ,9 8 2 2 ,1 0 5 2 .1 5 0 2 ,3 1 8 15, 302 1 4,401 1 5 ,2 4 7 1 5 ,2 8 0 1 4 ,1 4 0 1 4,884 938 937 2,571 2.*03 15,765 15,789 *,123 932 930 92* 911 915 927 2,281 2,228 j 15,78* j 15,978 4,072 2,326 ! 16,022 15.955 15,853 15.956 *,1 1 2 906 2,75* 2,809 15,813 *,176 *,190 *,178 2,52* 16,008 16,039 15,965 15,890 15,912 *,165 *,151 9,667 9,6*1 9,781 9,893 10,109 10,646 2,316 15,776 *,109 9.706 1939.. 1940.. 1941. . 1942.. 1943.. 1944.. 30,287 32,031 36, 164 39,697 42,042 41,480 845 1945.. 1946.. 1947.. 1948.. 1949.. 1950.. 40,069 41,412 43,371 44,201 43,006 44,124 826 852 943 981 932 9C4 Nov*. *5,873 *6,595 *5*246 Dec. « 910 947 983 917 883 1 , 001 0 ,9 4 0 7 ,4 1 0 7 ,3 3 3 7 .1 8 9 7 ,2 0 0 8 ,0 0 2 *,125 0 ,0 2 0 1951 Jan** Feb*. *5.390 *5.850 Apr*# *5,998 May*. *6.226 June* *6,567 Mar. * July* Aug*# Sept* Oct.* Nov*# Dec** * 6,*32 *6,72* *6,956 922 *6,902 *6,852 *7,592 917 917 917 915 *5,903 909 2,*71 2,598 2,686 2,768 2,761 2,633 *,082 *,132 *,137 *,l6l *,l66 1,898 1,898 6,122 1952 Jan* * See Explanatory Notes &nd Glossary for definitions. - 23 - - 21* - I n d u s tr y Data Table 2: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments By Industry Division and Group (In thousands) Industry division and group 1950 1951 1952 Jan. Dec. No t . Jan. Dec. TOTAL... *5,903 *7,592 46,852 45,246 46,595 909 915 917 932 937 IO6.5 67 .O 367.7 267.6 99-8 106.2 67.1 368.6 268.5 104.8 105.4 67 .I 367.9 269.2 107.3 105.2 72.7 402.8 253.3 98.0 104.4 73.0 404.8 256.7 98.3 MINING....................................... Metal mining............................... Anthracite. .•••••••••••••••••••• •••••••»• Bituminous—c o a l . «« Crude petroleum and natural gas production, Nonmetal 1ic mining and Quarrying. CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION....................... 2,316 2,524 2,633 2,281 2,403 NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION................... 393 454 495 383 428 141.5 251.3 180.1 273.6 207.3 288.1 141.1 242.1 164.0 263.8 Highway and street........................ Other nonbuilding construction..........•. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION...................... 1,923 2,070 2,138 1,898 1,975 GENERAL CONTRACTORS........................ 770 848 887 798 839 SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS.................. 1,153 1,222 1,251 1,100 1,136 Plumbing and heating......... ••••••••*•••• Painting and decorating................... Electrical work.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• Other special— trade contractors............ 29^.8 146.6 158.0 553-2 307.3 167.9 159.8 587.2 313.6 175.5 156.9 604.8 287.4 123.0 138.7 550.4 290.4 132.8 140.0 572.4 MANUFACTURING............................... 15,776 15,912 15,890 15,784 15,789 DURABLE GOODS.............................. NONDURABLE 600DS........................... 8,946 6,830 8,999 6,913 8,976 6,914 8,742 7,042 8,717 7,072 TRANSPORTATION ANO PUBLIC UTILITIES........ 4,109 4,151 4,165 4,072 4,125 Transportation.••••••••••••.... ••••••••••• Interstate railroads.••••••••••••••••••••• Class I railroads........... ••••••••««••• Local railways and bus lines.••••••••...•. Trucking and warehousing.••••••••••.... . Other transportation and services......... Air transportation (common carrier)...... 2,858 1,397 1,222 141 639 681 86.1 2,897 1,416 1,243 141 650 690 85.6 2,858 2,908 2,912 1,460 1,428 1,428 1,258 1,277 1,253 141 145 145 616 622 649 694 681 669 74.6 84.7 75-1 Communication. Telephone.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 701 653.0 47.2 702 654.2 See Explanatory Notes and Glossary for definitions. 47.3 701 652.8 46.8 668 618.4 48.3 670 620.3 48.6 - 25 - Table 2: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments By Industry Division and Group - Continued (in thousands) Industry d iv isio n and group Jan. Bee. 1951 Ho t . 1950 Jan. Dec. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES ( Continued) Other public u t i l i t i e s ......... •••*•••••••••••• Gas and e le c t ric u t i l i t i e s ............................ E le c t ric lig h t and power u t i l i t i e s . . . . . . . . Gas u t i l i t i e s , . . . . ....... E le c t ric lig h t and gas u t il it ie s combined.......................... ••••••••••••••••• Local u t ilit ie s , not elsewhere c la s s if ie d ...................... ............ .............. TRADE.......... ............................. Wholesale trade...................................... R etail trade.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise sto re s.•••••••••••••••• Food and liq u o r s t o r e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive and accessories d e a le r s . . . . . . . . . Apparel and accessories s t o r e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other r e t a il t r a d e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ FINANCE.... ................................. Banks and trust companies*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security dealers and e x c h a n g e s ............. Insurance c a rrie rs and agents......... ............. Other finance agencies and real estate.. . . . SERVICE...................................... Hotels and lodging p l a c e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Laundries. .............................................. . Cleaning and dyeing plaints. ......................... Motion pictures. ..................................... . 550 525 .* 233.9 552 527.2 23^.3 118.6 117.6 173.9 17*. 3 24.6 24.6 9,706 10,646 2,627 2,658 7,079 7,988 1,474 2,089 1,266 1,312 768 751 652 533 3,167 3,055 1,906 1 , 9H 472 472 64.1 63.8 681 689 686 689 4,672 4,702 424 426 356.4 355.8 154.5 154.8 241 241 GOVERNMENT................................... 6,509 Federal 1/ ........................................................ State and local. ................ .............. If Fourth class postmasters are excluded 2,331 78 M 6,831 2,677 * , 15* 552 527.6 234.9 118.6 174.1 24.5 546 521.0 232.0 5*7 522.2 232.5 117.2 116.4 ] ? 2.6 172.5 24.6 24.8 10,109 9,592 30,443 2,657 2,587 2,616 7,452 7,005 7,827 1,701 1,459 2,052 1,295 1,244 1,264 743 753 759 580 642 523 3,036 3,116 3,117 1,907 1,831 1,828 441 470 439 62.0 61.3 64.1 689 655 653 684 675 673 4,666 4,694 ^ , 73 ^ 430 430 429 356.6 353.6 353.3 157.4 145.8 146.8 242 242 242 6,497 6,088 6,376 2,325 2,027 2,333 4,172 4,061 4,043 her* but are included in Table 7. - 26 - Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries (in thousands) All employees Industry group and industry Dec. Ho t . Jan. 1951 1951 1951 Jan. 1952 909 915 917 932 — 106.5 106.2 105.k 105.2 37.1 28.8 37.6 28.7 21.8 37.7 28.4 21.4 Jan. 1952 MINING.............................................................. METAL MINING.................... Copper mining....................... Lead and zinc mining............... Production workers 22.0 Dec. Mov. 1951 Jan. 1951 — — — 93.9 93.5 92.9 93.2 36.2 29.3 21.4 33.2 25.0 19.3 33.7 25.0 19.0 33.€ 2k. € 18.7 32.6 25.7 18.7 1951 ANTHRACITE...................... 67.0 67.1 67.1 72.7 63.0 63.1 63.1 68.4 B1TUM1NOUS-COAL.................. 367.7 368.6 367.9 402.8 3*3.6 344.7 344.7 377.h CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION..................... 267.6 268.5 269.2 253.3 — — — — 104.8 107.3 Petroleum and natural gas production (except contract services)....... NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING__ 99.8 98.0 — — — 126.4 127.2 127.fi 122.7 86.5 91.6 93.9 85.2 MANUFACTURING................................................ 15,776 15,912 15,890 15,784 12,775 12,911 12,904 13,018 DURABLE GOODS................... NONDURABLE GOODS................. 8,9**6 6,830 8,999 6,913 8,976 8,742 7,042 7,269 5,506 7,325 5,586 7,31* 5,590 7,256 5,762 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES......... FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS........ Meat products..................... Dairy products.................... Canning and preserving............ Grain-mill products............ Bakery products................... Sugar.............................. Confectionery and related products. Beverages.......................... Miscellaneous food products...... TOBACCO MANUFACTURES............ Cigarettes......................... Cigars............................. Tobacco and snuff................. Tobacco stemming and redrying.... TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS............................... Yarn and thread mills............... Knitting mills....................... Dyeing and finishing textiles...... Carpets, rugs, other floor coverings . Other textile-mill products........ See E x p l a n a t o r y No tes and G l o s s a r y 68.5 1,452 310.2 132.9 133.2 130.7 284.7 28.2 98.7 204.2 128.7 65.7 1,508 31^.7 136.3 147.7 130.6 287.4 M.3 101.7 215.3 132.9 6,91* 63.4 1,5*7 309.8 139.3 170.6 130.1 288.6 51.7 104.5 216.2 136.1 30.8 1,499 312.8 134.4 157.0 127.5 286.3 31.8 100.6 212.2 136.1 53.5 1,068 51.7 1,123 245.7 93.0 108.1 96.9 187.3 23.6 83.8 136.2 93.8 251.4 96.1 122.7 97.2 190.6 36.2 84.6 146.4 97.8 50.1 1,160 246.3 98.5 145.2 97.2 192.2 45.6 87.5 146.8 101.1 25.0 1,120 250.8 9^.6 131.6 95-* 187.8 27.0 83.8 146.8 101.7 89 91 93 88 82 84 85 80 26.6 40.9 12.0 9.3 26.9 41.7 11.8 10.8 26.9 42.3 11.9 11.5 25.9 41.2 12.0 8.5 24.1 38.7 10.3 8.4 24.3 39.6 10.2 9-9 24.4 40.1 10.3 10.5 23.3 39.0 10.6 1,229 161.5 570.5 229.8 87.9 51.0 128.5 1,239 161.3 579.7 231.6 87.9 50.4 128.5 for definitions* 1,227 1,352 160.3 575.2 229.0 86.4 172.0 633.0 252.0 93.5 127.0 138.9 49.4 62.2 1,133 150.2 5*0.3 209.1 78.1 *3.2 112.3 1,142 150.3 5>*7.3 211.4 78.2 42.6 112.3 1,132 149.4 544.2 209.I 76.5 41.6 111.3 7.* 1,257 161.5 602.0 232.1 83.3 5*.5 123.7 27 - Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries - Continued (In thousands) All employees Industry group and industry Jan. 1952 Dec. 1951 APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS....................................................... i ,i w Men's and boys' suits and coats.... Men's and boys' furnishings and work clothing............................ Women's outerwear................... Women's, children's under garments.. Millinery............................ Children's outerwear................ Pur goods and miscellaneous apparel.. Other fabricated textile products... LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE)................................................... Logging camps and contractors...... Sawmills and planing mills......... Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products.......... Wooden containers................... Miscellaneous wood products........ FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.............. .. Household furniture................. Other furniture and fixtures........ PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS....................... Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills... Paperboard containers and boxes.... Other paper and allied products.... PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES................................................... Commercial printing................. Lithographing....................... Other printing and publishing...... CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.............. Industrial inorganic chemicals..... Industrial organic chemicals....... Drugs and medicines................. Paints pigments and fillers...... Fertilizers.......................... Vegetable and animal oils and fats.. Other chemicals and allied products. 1,152 138.2 134.8 249.6 255.3 329.2 332.9 100 ;4 98.3 23.0 20.8 64.7 63.7 90.7 99.7 146.1 147.9 Ho t . 1951 1,128 314.1 100.3 19.1 64.7 101.5 145.6 251.6 269.6 804 57.3 421.8 106.4 76.4 59.8 341 235.3 70.3 444.5 783 74.9 460.7 108.8 110.8 60.0 60.2 342 235.1 342 235.1 480 245.4 484 245.6 486 246.1 130.5 109.4 107.0 126.1 108.1 129.2 109.0 768 773 303.4 55.8 51.4 206.9 41.2 114.4 759 84.1 231.2 108.7 74.1 32.4 300.7 54.9 51.5 207.1 40.5 113.5 757 83.2 229.2 108.2 74.4 35.0 59.3 167.4 61.7 166.7 1,190 152.7 762 106.0 Jan. 1951 131.0 722 77.9 ProductA on workers 76.7 106.8 773 302.5 55-4 51.2 207.1 41.9 115.2 762 84.0 233.0 108.3 74.4 31.8 63.3 167.6 338.1 103.6 24.3 67.3 88.7 146.0 69.5 Jan. 1952 1,026 124.6 230.4 298.6 88.2 20.6 Dec. 1951 1,033 120*9 237.0 123.8 294.3 90.3 18.4 58.1 88.5 125.8 657 695 59-4 79-9 53-4 460.8 388.5 126.2 82.8 90.8 65.7 410.7 93.1 72.2 53.7 294 64.2 370 70.9 53.5 293 262.9 106.8 206.8 86.3 496 404 87.4 409 242.4 114.3 210.8 105.1 212.2 IO8.3 514 151.3 35-0 519 155.0 35-3 36.5 170.0 32.1 90.4 538 139.5 758 295.5 53.0 48.1 207.3 40.8 113.2 729 78.5 214.5 101.1 73.1 37.5 57.6 166.3 87.7 36.8 170.2 31.3 89.2 536 60.6 169.6 70.1 47.9 27.9 46.4 113.0 206.2 88.7 61.7 171.1 70.8 47.9 25.4 48.6 112.5 Nov. 1951 1,008 117.1 232.7 278.6 90.3 16.7 59.2 90.3 123.3 719 70.7 428.0 95.3 70.9 54.0 294 206.4 87.3 411 211.9 109.9 89.0 Jan. 1951 1,070 138.4 251.0 303.3 93.1 21.7 61.8 76.9 124,0 739 64.9 429.4 110.3 76.9 57.9 321 233.7 87.6 423 209.2 119.6 94.5 519 510 153.7 35-1 36.5 148.9 34.6 35.8 170.0 31.7 169.6 32.6 91.0 542 61.7 172.9 70.4 47.9 24.8 50.5 i 113.5 ! 88.6 526 57-3 162.6 66.9 ^ »* j 30.9 45.5 1 .1% 1 - 28 - Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries - Continued (in thousands) All employees Production workers Industry group and industry PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL........... Petroleum refining.................. Coke and byproducts................. Other petroleum and coal products... RUBBER PRODUCTS............................................ Tires and inner tubes............... Rubber footwear...................... Other rubber products............... LEATHER AMD LEATHER PRODUCTS................. Footwear (except rubber)............ Other leather products.............. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS........... Structural clay products............ Pottery and related products....... Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Other stone, clay, and glass products. PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES......................... Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills............. ......... Iron and steel foundries............ Primary smelting and refining of Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals.................. Nonferrous foundries................ Other primary metal industries..... FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)..................... Tin cans and other tinware.......... Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware... Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers* supplies............. Fabricated structural metal products . Metal stamping, coating, and engraving........................... Other fabricated metal products.... Jan. 1952 Dec. 1951 266 269 216.4 22.0 27.2 Hoy. Jan. 1951 Jan. 1952 Bee. 1951 269 25k 193 218.5 22.1 28.5 217.0 21.3 30.4 202.3 21.3 30.1 275 275 273 273 121.5 31.0 122.1 121.5 31.1 121.9 120.4 31.2 121.8 115.1 30.1 127.5 370 363 356 ^03 331 323 317 364 44.1 236.5 89.2 *3.5 228.4 90.6 *3.3 220.7 92.3 51.8 256.8 94.5 39.7 213.8 77.* 39-0 205.8 78.6 38.7 197.7 80.3 *7.3 23*. 2 82.8 533 5*5 552 548 451 465 472 *73 138.3 43.0 87.6 54.5 97.5 111.6 141.8 43.0 91.8 55.* 100.5 112.6 143.2 43.2 93.0 56.2 102.1 113.8 143.8 42.0 88.2 60.4 97.8 115.3 119.5 36.6 78.7 48.9 80.8 86.5 123.2 36.7 83.2 49.9 84.0 87.9 124.7 37.0 84.4 50.6 85.6 89.4 127.5 35-9 79.8 5*.7 83.0 91.8 1,352 1,355 Ho t . 1951 1,339 1,327 1951 Jan. 1951 196 197 190 152.6 18.7 21.2 154.5 18.9 22.4 15^.1 18.2 24.2 147.1 18.5 24.3 219 219 219 222 95.7 25.4 97.7 1,163 95.6 25.5 97-9 1,16* 94.8 25.6 98.2 1,1*9 91.3 24.9 105.8 1,1*9 655.6 278.9 658.6 281.2 643.6 281.9 640.3 270.8 571.0 246.6 572.* 249.1 557.7 250.3 559.0 2*0.7 56.3 56.3 56.2 56.9 47.1 47.0 47.1 *7.2 98.8 111.4 151.3 96.8 110.7 151.1 98.6 108.7 149.8 104.3 110.1 144.1 81.1 92.7 124.2 78.7 92.1 124.4 80.0 90.2 123-3 87.1 9*.5 120.5 988 989 984 807 808 805 8*7 44.4 150.5 *5-9 U 9.6 *5.9 150.5 50.7 168.4 38.6 124.8 40.1 123.6 40.0 124.5 44.2 144.0 1*3.3 240.4 1*7.3 239-7 148.7 235.6 158.6 220.4 114.0 186.5 118.1 186.0 120.0 183.1 129.9 173.2 174.9 234.9 171.9 234.9 I69.I 234.3 187.4 23O.O 1*7.3 195-5 144.8 195.7 142.2 195.2 161.5 193.7 1,016 29 Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries - Continued (In thousands) All employees Jan. Dec. Ho t . 1952 1951 1951 MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)................ MU5 1,61*0 1,625 Engines and turbines................. 98.7 97.9 98.9 Agricultural machinery and tractors.. 189.0 187.1* 186.3 Construction and mining machinery.... 130.0 128.3 126.2 Metalworking machinery............... 310. 309.2 303.5 Special-industry machinery (except 191.2 metalworking machinery)............. 193.6 196.6 2l*0.2 General industry machinery........... 239.8 238.6 107.2 Office and store machines and devices 107.9 108.0 167.2 Service-industry and household machines 161*. 7 159. ** Industry group and industry Miscellaneous machinery parts....... ELECTRICAL MACHINERY................................... Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus............................ Electrical equipment for vehicles.... Communication equipment.............. Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous products.............. 210.9 210.2 208.8 961 963 955 377-6 375.0 370.8 82.7 82.7 361.1* 357.3 11*3.8 ll*l*.l* 81.9 360.9 11*1.0 Production workers 1951 31*9.0 77.9 3^5.1 151.8 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.............. 1 ,5 * 1,559 1,551 1,1*25 Automobiles..................... ... . . 897-6 779-3 789.7 7 9 M Aircraft and parts................... 565.5 55^.1* 539.0 35^.2 Aircraft............................. 378.3 372.7 361*.0 236.7 111.9 106.5 115 . i* 70.1* Aircraft engines and parts.......... 12. 1* 12.1 Aircraft propellers and parts...... 12.7 9.3 37.8 Other aircraft parts and equipment. .. . 59.1 57.1* 56.U 125.6 127.0 Ship and boat building and repairing. . 131.5 96.5 82. 1* 111.7 113.6 Ship building and repairing........ 117 . 1* ll *.1 ii*. 1 13.9 13.* Boat building and repairing........ 76 . 1* 77.8 78.3 66.3 Railroad equipment................... 11.2 11.8 11.7 12.3 Other transportation equipment...... 280 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS........... 316 313 315 28.0 27.2 Ophthalmic goods..................... 27.7 27.7 55-6 Photographic apparatus............... 63.7 63.3 62.7 35.7 35-7 35-5 33-3 Professional and scientific 188. 1* 187.7 186.9 161*. 1 1*63 1*69 1*89 M1SCELLANEOUS MANUFACTUR1NG 1NDUSTR1ES. **55 U6.5 1*7.2 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware. . . 1*5.5 57.3 66.0 63.8 70.5 71.5 52.8 62.0 Costume jewelry, buttons, notions.... 53-7 52.1 Other miscellaneous manufacturing 293.** 297.7 297.9 298.3 Jan. 1952 Dec. Jan. 1951 1951 1,528 1,276 1,270 1,255 1,192 83.2 71*. 2 73.8 73*0 63.7 186.8 11*8.0 11*6.6 1^ 5.8 11*6.5 lll *.0 81*.7 98.7 97.1* 95.5 268.1 21*6.5 2l*5.5 2^ 0.7 211.3 11*6.1 11*6.8 ikd.h 188.5 1U3.9 216. 1* 173.9 173. ^ 172.5 157.7 100.0 81*.2 89.7 90.6 90.9 11*6.8 130.1 127.3 121. % 181.7 188.9 168.3 168.8 166.6 153.0 921* 718 711 723 725 Jaa. 272.2 66.3 270.7 lll* .l 1 , 21*0 639.8 1*11*. 8 279.* 80.8 9.0 1*5.1* 115.0 102.5 12.5 61.1 9.3 231 22. 1* 1*1*.6 No t . 1951 270. 1* 67.1 272.1 115.6 1,239 650.7 1*06.2 27^.7 78.3 8.7 1*1*. 5 109.3 97.0 12.3 62.7 9.9 232 266.2 67.^ 268. k 255.8 63. 1* 267.8 115.9 121*. 0 1 , 23^ 1,175 654.6 767.3 395.3 261*. 2 267.8 177.3 7^.8 51.3 6.2 8.5 kk .2 29.1* 111.1 82.7 99.3 70.3 11.8 12. 1* 52.1 63.1 9.8 10. 1* 230 211 22.7 1*1*.7 22.5 kk.k 22.2 131*. 2 131*. 0 381 371* 36.8 37.8 51*. 1 56.2 1*3.2 1*3.6 239. ^ 21*3.8 133.2 119.6 388 «L3 1*6.9 30.2 30.2 30.0 38.3 60.8 kk .5 2kk .6 1*0.9 28.3 62.3 52.8 250.6 - 30 - In d u s tr y Data Table 4: Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing Industries (In thousands) Industry 1951 1952 Jan. Dec. No t . Jan . 174.2 34.0 176.7 170.9 34.0 176.6 11.2 11.4 11.8 18.0 28.1 13.8 21.8 67.0 60.7 21.8 11.6 17.2 27.6 103.6 113.5 426.5 IO5.8 67.4 57.2 35*6 39.2 9.3 FOOD AND KINDKED PRODUCTS: Meat packing, wholesale..................... Prepared meats....... ...................... Concentrated milk................. ....... Ice cream and ices.......................... Flour and meal..... ........................ Cane-sugar refining...................... . Beet sugar.................................. Confectionery products...................... Malt liquors............................... Distilled liquors, except brandy........... 3h.k 17.6 28.1 17.3 27.9 13.2 5.9 64.6 13.5 15.0 65.0 60.3 22.2 58.1 16.9 34.8 14.0 7-7 64.5 57.6 25.1 TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS: Yarn mills, wool (except carpet), cotton and silk systems........................... Cotton and rayon broad-woven fabrics ...... Woolen and worsted fabrics.................. Full-fashioned hosiery mills............... Seamless hosiery mills...................... Knit underwear mills.............. . Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet yarn........ Fur-felt hats and hat bodies............... 103.5 103.7 39^.5 89.3 56.4 52.3 31.3 28.9 8.3 392.6 85.2 56.8 51.8 30.3 29.5 8.4 APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS: Men's dress shirts and nightwear........... Work shirts.............................. . 88.1 56.6 51.5 30.8 27.7 8.1 78.8 11.8 78.9 11.5 84.8 26.6 104.9 26.6 104.6 27.3 125.7 21.8 21.8 22.0 7.6 7.5 51.9 7.5 53.3 21.7 7.0 18.5 56.2 20.2 36.8 37.2 37-5 41.5 33.0 24.6 34.4 ' 35-1 36.4 27.2 9.0 8.6 76.3 11.6 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES: Wood household furniture, except upholstered. Mattresses and bedsprings......... ......... 392.9 IO5.7 1 12.0 28.1 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS: Plastic materials........................... Synthetic rubber............................ Synthetic fibers............................ Soap and glycerin........................... 50.2 18.5 17.8 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS: Glass containers............................ Pressed and blown glass, not elsewhere classified. ......... ....................... Brick and hollow tile.... *................. Sewer pipe............. .................... See Explanatory Notes, section G. 8.5 9.1 28.1 27.8 - 31 - In d u stry Data Table 4: Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing Industries - Continued (In thousands) Industry PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES: Gray-iron foundries......................... Malleable-iron foundries.................... Steel foundries.*................ .......... Primary copper, lead, and zinc.......... Primary aluminum............................ Iron and steel forgings........... *........ Wire drawing................................ 1952 Jan. Dec. 150.5 152.9 161.0 26.8 43.5 22.4 22.7 25.2 37.0 36.7 62.6 27.1 38.1 76.9 31.7 75.4 65.3 75.8 104.8 103.1 78.5 61.9 54.4 120.1 71.5 73.0 70.8 70.2 72.1 62.7 70.1 44.1 95.8 42.6 21.5 44.0 95.2 42.6 22.4 43.8 21.7 37.1 63.5 26.0 72.0 65.1 61.8 106.9 MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL): Tractors............................. ....... Farm machinery, except tractors............ Machine tools............................... Metalworking machinery, not elsewhere classi fied................................. Cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, etc......... Computing and related machines............. Typewriters*................. .............. Refrigeration machinery..................... Ball and roller bearings.................... Machine shops............................... 27.6 66.8 25.7 10.4 36.8 65.2 62.0 26.3 61.2 72.3 65.0 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT: Locomotives and parts....................... Railroad and streetcars..................... 60.6 73.2 53-4 88.9 50.2 86.7 48.1 50.5 48.1 47.4 41.1 81.9 39.4 20.7 103.4 44.4 43.1 169.7 170.9 168.1 180.5 45.8 46.1 45.8 37.0 26.2 36.0 26.7 26.9 37.1 37.5 23.7 29.4 13.7 14.1 14.4 17.8 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Silverware and plated ware........ *........ 64.7 55-2 26.4 9.5 32.4 43.9 94.4 42.4 22.5 81.7 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY: Radios and related products................ Telephone and telegraph equipment and communication equipment, not elsewhere classi fied................................. Jan. 15*. 3 28.0 66.3 25.9 10.4 36.5 43.0 27.0 67.3 25.9 10.2 36.9 *3-6 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT): Cutlery and edge tools...................... Hand tools, not elsewhere classified, files, hand saws, and saw blades........ ......... Hardware, not elsewhere classified....... . s Metal plumbing fixtures and fittings.... Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere classified.......... ........ Structural and ornamental products.. *...... Boiler shop products..... ............ ...... Metal stampings............................. 1951 Nov. 50.2 - 32 - E m p l o y m e n t and P a y r o l l s Table 5: Indexes of Production Worker Employment and Weekly Payrolls in Manufacturing Industries (19U7-19U9 Average = 100) • P roduction-worker employment index Period Annual average: 1 93 9..................... 1 9 4 0 ..................... 1 9 4 1 ...... .............. 1 9 4 2 ..................... 19 4 3 ..................... 1 9 4 4 . .................... 1 945 ........ ............ 19 46..................... 19 47 ..................... 1 94 8..................... 1 9 4 9 ..................... 19 5 0 ..................... 1950 November* December. 1/ Production -w or ke r pay-roll index Z/ ] 66.2 71.2 87.9 103.9 121.4 29.9 34.0 49.3 72.2 99.0 118.1 102.8 104.0 87.8 81.2 97.9 103.4 102.8 93.8 99.2 105,5 105.6 97.7 105.1 97.2 111.2 124.0 127.4 m i January...........##**#..*# February...,...*••••••••••* M a r c h . # # # April,M M M # M M # f ....,,., May....................... June*. July.. .... ............. August September.................. October......... •••••••••• November................... December. January.......... ......... 105.2 106.6 106.6 106.0 105.0 105.6 104.2 105.7 105.8 126.8 128.5 130.0 129.5 128.1 129.8 126.4 128.4 130.9 105.1 104.3 104.4 129.8 129.8 103.3 130.9 132.9 1/ Represents number of production and related workers in manufacturing expressed as a percentage of average monthly production worker employment in 1947-1949 period* 2/ Represents production worker average weekly payroll expressed as percentage of average weekly payroll for 1947-1949 period. Aggregate weekly payroll for all manufacturing is derived by multiplying gross average weekly earnings by pro duction worker employment, * See JiOYE* consents page. - Table 6: 33 S hip b u ild in g - Employees in the Shipbuilding and Repairing Industry by Region \J (In thousands) Jan. Dec. Nov. Jan. 1950 Dec. ALL REGIONS.................... 248.6 2U1.6 2^3.2 180.4 167.1 PRIVATE........... 117. ^ 111.7 113.6 82.4 77.8 NAVY.............. 131.2 129.9 129.6 98.0 89.3 NORTH ATLANTIC.......... 112.0 112.5 112.0 82.5 7 7 .2 Private............ Navy............... 53-6 54.4 58.1 53.8 58.4 58.2 39.1 43.4 38.9 38.3 SOUTH ATLANTIC........... 1*3.2 1*2.7 42.5 3 1.5 30.1 18.8 18.1* 18.2 24.4 24.3 24.3 11.9 19.6 11.4 18.7 17.6 13.8 16.7 12.8 11.5 61.9 59.1 59.5 43.5 39.4 13.5 ^4-8 . 14- 11.6 ^7.5 12.4 47.1 8.5 35.0 7 .1 32.3 9.2 8.8 7.6 5.8 4.4 h.7 4.7 4.9 4.3 4.5 1952 Region Private........... 1951 GULF: Private........... PACIFIC............ Private.......... . Navy......... . GREAT LAKES: Private.......... . ) INLAND: Private......... . . It The North Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The South Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States; Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The Gulf region includes all yards bordering on the Gulf of Mexico in the fol lowing States: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The Pacific region includes all yards in California, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes all yards bordering on the Great Lakes in the following States: Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The Inland region includes all other yards. - 3U - Federal Government Table 7: Federal Civilian Employment and Pay Rolls in All Areas and in Continental United States and Total Government Civilian Employment and Payrolls in the District of Columbia (in thousands) Employment ( as o f f i r s t o f month) P a y r o lls ( t o t a l fo r month) Ape ct cLnd bF^xich 1952 ALL Jan. Dec. 2,52*.3 2, 871.2 1951 Hoy. 1952 Jan. Dec. 1951 No t . Jan. AREAS TOTAL FEDERAL................................................ 2,517.5 2,20l*.3 2, 858.8 2,505.* 1 , 293.0 1 , 288.5 *96.2 8* 7.7 720.7 712.8 718.1 8.* 8.2 8.3 2,192.3 1,017.3 1*86.5 2, 512.1 1,296.9 502.* CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES 688.5 8.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 2, 350.0 2, 696.1 2,344.0 2,01*7.1* 3.9 $882,203 $856,123 $891,129 $680,926 876,716 850, 90* 885, 71 * 381, 18* * 23,827 188,526 225,820 187,003 267,126 2* 3,900 27* , 88* 3,661 3,529 3,589 1,826 1,826 1,690 676,007 319,738 132,037 22*,232 3 , 2*9 1,670 830,673 808,960 8*0,879 6* 1,330 825,233 389,328 187,7*6 2*8,159 3,661 1,779 835,515 391,089 186,221 258,205 3,589 1,775 636,*55 292,875 131,549 212,031 3 , 2*9 1,626 * 21, 06* 4/ TOTAL FEDERAL................................................ Executive 1/.......... ............................ ..... 2,337.8 J u d i c i a l ........................................................ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TOTAL GOVERNMENT.............................................. D. C. GOVERNMENT........................................... TOTAL FEDERAL 5/......................................... J u d i c i a l ...................................................... 2, 683.8 2, 332.0 2, 035.5 905.1 1*81*.7 1,181.1 1,177.8 1,174.0 500.3 844.3 *9^.1 656. V 661.7 663.9 8.4 8.2 8.3 3.8 3.9 3-9 272.0 20.5 251.5 2*2.5 86.5 7.9 — Jan. 1*8.1 8.3 .7 278.3 20.* 257.9 248.8 86.5 13 A 1*8.9 8.4 •7 61*5.7 8.1 3.8 253.8 20.7 252.8 233.2 102,855 2*3.9 22l*.l* 98,856 86.7 7.9 1*9-3 8.2 •7 71*.8 7.8 11*1.8 8.1 .7 111,*80 6, 23* 6,*91 9*, 9*3 10*,989 91,102 101,0*5 31,920 37,729 *,533 3 , 6*9 54,6*9 59,667 3,529 3,589 312 355 109,**7 101,177 273.5 20.6 803,786 352,230 22*,878 226,678 3,529 1 , 6*5 6,592 35,191 3,766 59,899 3,661 338 91,052 5,923 85,129 81, 56* 26,543 2,944 52,077 3,249 316 Includes a l l executive agencies (except the C entral In te llig e n c e Agency), Government corp orations, Federal Reserve Banks, and mixed-ownership banks o f the Farm C red it A d m inistration, C iv ili a n employment in navy yards, a rsen als, h o s p ita ls , and on force-account constructio n is included in t o t a l fo r executive agencies. Covers c i v i l i a n employees o f the Department o f Defense (S e c re ta ry o f Defense, Army, Navy, and A ir F o rc e ), N atio n al Advisory Committee fo r Aeronautics, The P^pama Canal, S e le c tiv e S e rv ic e System, N ational S e c u r itie s Resources Board, and N ational S e c u rity Council. —^ In clu des Fourth Class Postm asters, — K/ —' txeluded from Federal t o t a l in Table 2. In clu des the 48 S ta te s and the D i s t r ic t o f Columbia. Inclu des a l l Fed eral c i v i l i a n employment in Washington Standard M etrop olitan area ( D i s t r i c t o f Columbia,ad ja c e n t Maryland and V ir g in ia co u n tie s). - 35 - State Data Table 8: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, by State (In thousands) Total State IQ^P Jan. Alabama ..X/.......... . Arizona............ . California............ Colorado. ................ Connecticut .............. Delaware................ District of Columbia 2/ .. . Florida ................. Georgia................ Idaho ................... Illinois................ Indiana................. Kansas.................... Louisiana .i/. ........... Maine .l/................ Maryland .2/............ Massachusetts ........... Minnesota....... ....... Mississippi ............. Missouri.X/............. Montana................. Nebraska................. Nevada.................. New Hampshire............. New Jersey............... New Mexico............ New York ................ North Carolina .......... North Dakota...... ..... Ohio................... Oklahoma ............... Oregon ... .............. Pennsylvania ............ Rhode Island ............ South Carolina.......... South Dakota.... ....... Tennessee............ . . Texas .................. Utah................... Vermont..1/.............. Virginia................ Washington............. . West Virginia......... Wisconsin. .............. Wyoming ................ 1Q*51 Dec. 11 Jan. 1952 .T«.n. 656.2 185.8 300.0 3,%37.9 381.0 827.9 667.8 187.9 315.8 3,551.3 395.^ 850.5 627.0 170.0 303.9 3,289.2 358.2 799.1 21.5 12.2 6.* 3*.5 10.3 2/ 53A-3 753.^ 851.6 532.2 75%.2 876.9 %97.2 7%5-6 816.0 V 6.7 129.2 5/ 1,258.5 621.9 510.5 136.8 3,279.3 1,295.7 6%3-3 52%. 7 129.8 3,156.1 1,26%.7 609.6 %70.7 Mining 1951 Ttaf;. 1 .Tan. Contract Construction 1951 1952 •Tan. Dec. 1 •Tan. 21.6 12.0 6.4 35.3 10.1 3/ 36.1 13.0 18.9 200.5 30.0 39.9 36.0 13.9 22.2 219.5 31.2 *3.1 2£5 -i? 27.% 38.8 6.5 *.5 22 .* 67.2 *6.3 2*.5 69.2 *6.3 26.3 70.6 %2.5 9.5 .5/ *7.5 28.3 32.* 10.* 1*6.8 52.8 3*.3 35.0 10.% 131.8 %7.3 28.7 28.1 11.0 *9.9 55.3 12.6 53.9 66.* 8.9 50.1 61.2 1/ y *.5 V 6.7 *.5 5/ 13.1 3.0 17.9 58.6 5.8 1*2.8 13.* 3.1 17.7 57.7 5.6 *5.5 i*.i 3.1 17.* 28.9 29.3 26.7 .5 2.3 .6 2.6 .6 2.6 29.0 13.3 20.1 6o.* 268.0 733.6 1 ,760.0 278.9 757.5 1,832.8 259-5 703.6 1,769.6 816.'+ 8%2.3 808.8 16.7 16.8 16.1 38.* *0.5 39.9 1,225.6 1U2 .9 323.9 5 6.6 166.7 1,659.5 161.5 1,271.7 1,191.9 1%8.9 1%%.7 339.2 313.% 58.8 53.8 170.8 167.7 1,705.0 1,653.2 163.5 153.5 9.2 10.9 9.5 10.8 9.1 11.2 52.6 6.9 15.5 *.* 5.5 77.2 58.8 8.* 18.6 *.7 55-3 8.2 15.1 %.2 6.1 78.9 16.6 5,787.9 977.2 5,987.8 5,677.7 956.2 1,002.8 110.6 2/ 10.8 3.5 5/ 506.1 1*21.3 3,661.7 5/ %99.% 120.8 736.6 2 ,10%.3 20%.0 97.8 856.2 686.8 518.1 1,038.7 78.6 %8o.9 V y T.9 .2 *.0 13.7 y y y y y 3.1 .3 *.0 13.* 2.9 .2 3.8 11.2 11.* 3.5 2/ 10.6 3.5 .8 *3.2 1.2 173.* **.3 1.1 185.3 V y 1*.6 205.2 73.9 230.9 72.2 y y 31.1 21.0 1*6.* 31.8 *3.1 1.1 172.9 1.2 2 .0 1.2 2 .5 *8.1 5 .* 759.8 739.1 2 ,161.8 1,993.0 213.0 192.0 100.5 98.3 886.2 808.2 723.9 675.1 533.6 525.% 1,070.% 1,031.1 80.1 76.2 12.1 12.* 115.1* 11*.9 i*.i 13.9 1.2 1.2 23.7 23.7 3.0 2.9 122.1 122.1 3.6 3.5 9.9 9.7 13.0 10*.6 13.6 l.l 23.1 2.9 127.7 3.3 9.* 37.3 161.2 8.7 2.8 58.8 37.7 1*.0 *6 .* *.2 y 1.2 2.2 6.6 86.3 l*.l 518.7 %%8.0 %27.6 3,773.3 3,6%l.l 30%.6 295.5 511.6 %70.5 12%. 8 120.0 l/ Eevised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data. 2/ See Footnote 5/> Table 7, for explanatory note on government. 3 / Mining combined with construction. 22.7 11.6 6.9 33.? 10.% y 212.5 57.8 7.3 2*.* 161.2 16.6 *6.8 6.3 30.6 23.7 1%0 .% l%.6 25.1 5.8 39.* 16*.9 10.5 %2 .% 152.7 11.2 3.* q .9 63.5 *3.3 15.7 50.5 *.6 50.8 39.9 17.0 **.6 *.7 - 36 - State Data Table 8: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, by State - Continued (in thousands) State _ 1952 .Tan. Manufacturing 1951 Dec. Jan. Trans, and Public Util. 1952 3L951 •Tan. Dec. 1 Jan. 1952 Jan. Trade 1951 Dec. 1 Jan. 229. T 20.0 76.1 887.8 66.8 429.4 50.4 17.7 109.2 305.1 224.6 16.9 79.2 804.4 60.7 409.2 48.7 16.8 110.2 296.8 55.6 20.3 31.2 316.1 44.1 42.0 56.0 20.3 32.0 320.9 44.3 42.6 52.4 20.4 31.7 306.6 42.2 41.4 123.4 46.5 70.2 799.7 95.6 135.0 131.5 47.8 79.0 852.8 102.9 146.2 124.7 43.1 71.0 785.7 93.7 130.7 Georgia........ . 230.3 21.4 75.9 878.7 63.5 427.9 50.if 17.3 112.8 301.4 30.4 74.1 70.7 31.0 72.7 71.3 28.9 70.5 70.2 90.6 221.4 182.8 99.3 227.6 198.3 91.8 223.9 175.6 Idaho.............. Illinois ........... Indiana ............ Iowa............... Kansas.............. Kentucky............ Louisiana ........... Maine .............. Maryland.. . ......... Massachusetts ....... 18.3 5/ 58?. 9 170.2 128.1 151.9 144.0 115.3 252.3 721.7 21.3 1,216.1 587.6 171.4 127.5 153.9 152.3 117.4 255.8 728.3 20.5 1,211.7 598.4 161.6 104.1 156.4 140.9 115.3 233.5 741.6 17.1 5/ 109-3 61.^ 63.6 59.4 85.4 19.0 70.1 122.1 17.2 298.1 109.6 62.2 64.1 60.1 85.0 19.3 74.8 126.3 16.7 294.4 111.2 61.7 62.2 58.4 81.4 19.0 71.2 127.4 33.9 2/ 237.0 170.9 121.8 118.0 150.2 48.1 148.4 3.58.8 37.0 726.0 258.3 177.8 129.7 131.9 159.7 52.5 158.4 393.7 33.9 680.9 235.5 167.1 117.5 114.5 149.1 48.0 146.6 361.3 Michigan ........... Minnesota............ Mississippi......... Missouri ........... Montana ............ Nebraska ........... Nevada ............. New Hampshire....... New Jersey .......... New Mexico.......... 2/ 20W.7 1,127.4 199.7 91.2 364.9 17.8 51.5 3-5 83.2 768.2 12.4 89.8 26.4 126.6 21.9 42.1 8.7 10.2 141.0 17.4 91.4 26.8 131.1 22.5 42.7 8.9 10.3 141.9 17.4 90.8 26.5 124.3 21.8 41.6 8.4 10.4 136.4 17.0 211.5 221.2 211.9 92.9 377.7 15.9 57.4 3.6 82.5 759.6 13.9 1,056.6 208.6 93.1 377.7 17.5 59-1 3.7 88.0 762.5 14.1 319.7 36.2 92.0 11.6 27.2 269.9 38.8 339.1 37.3 97.3 12.4 29.4 290.5 39.6 308.3 35.6 91.0 10.7 27.6 269.4 35.0 New York ........... North Carolina ...... North Dakota........ Ohio............... Oklahoma ............ Oregon.............. Pennsylvania........ Rhode Island ........ South Carolina ...... South Dakota........ 1,956.3 428.4 1,966.9 430.9 1,2 7 ^ 0 77.3 124.6 1,475.4 506.6 60.4 2/ 512.9 60.5 5/ 501.4 57.9 13.5 1,239.7 181.5 2/ 21&.3 11.4 49.7 46.5 350.3 2 /t 27.4 10.5 50.3 47.4 354.7 15.1 27.3 10.7 49.0 46.7 338.6 15.3 27.2 10.5 124.9 101.0 670.9 5/ 88.3 35.3 1,335.4 201.9 5/ 132.4 108.6 731.2 55.6 97.5 37.0 1,243.3 175.5 36.0 1,27^3 77.5 135.6 1,479.8 140.5 217.8 11.5 1,903.6 439.3 6.3 1,274.3 67.4 131.2 1,493.4 156.9 217.7 11.5 Tennessee........... Texas.............. Utah............... Vermont............. Virginia............ Washington.......... West Virginia........ Wisconsin .......... Wyoming............ 249.4 411.5 29.3 38.4 246.0 176.0 135.0 449.7 5.6 251.5 414.0 31.0 38.7 248.2 184.1 137.2 453.4 6 .1 257.2 378.3 28.8 38.1 237.6 175.7 137.8 450.5 5.4 60.0 228.9 22.3 8.5 84.4 64.0 53.6 73.7 15.4 60.6 230.5 22.5 8.5 84.8 66.3 54.0 75.5 15.6 59.0 222.1 21.2 8.8 79.9 63.3 52.6 76.0 15.3 168.1 553.2 45.9 17.4 181.8 156.0 85.6 215.2 16.9 181.1 589. ^ 51.2 18.4 197.8 171.4 94.2 230.3 17.0 162.6 533.9 43.5 17.4 173.9 156.0 84.9 212.3 15.9 Alabama............. Arkansas............ California.......... Connecticut......... Delaware............ District of Columbia. . it 4/ Mining combined with service. 5 / Not available. 122.5 100.4 675.8 52.9 86.4 36.4 - 37 State Data Table 8: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, by State - Continued (In thousands) Finance State .Tan. Colorado................... Delaware................... 18.9 6.4 7.7 154.2 14.9 38.1 18.9 6.3 7.9 154.6 14.9 23.8 31.8 23.7 27,9 3.7 Illinois...... ......... if 35.7 24.4 18.0 Massachusetts . ............ 14.5 21.5 6.7 31.3 81.9 38.0 31.8 28.0 3.7 145.8 36.0 24.6 17.0 15.7 21.4 Mississippi............... Missouri.................. Montana.......... ......... Nebraska.................. Nevada .................... New Hampshire.......... . New Jersey................ New Mexico................ New York.................. North Carolina ............ Ohio..................... Oklahoma .................. Oregon .................... Rhode Island .............. South Carolina ........... Tennessee ................ Texas .................... Utah..................... Vermont .................. Virginia.................. Washington................ Wisconsin.......... . Wyoming ................... 16.2 1.2 18.1 •Tan. 37.1 78.7 22.6 57.8 115.6 81.2 108.6 80.8 116.1 1*.3 3**3-3 89.3 63.7 *7-9 Ht.O 331.8 8.0 148.^ 13.6 30.9 26.1 3.7 144.1 34.2 23.5 16.2 53.7 28.5 35.9 452.1 * 7.5 Government 19*51 .Tan. Den. 53.9 28.7 35.9 * 5* . 5 1*7.5 79.6 5.6 l *.6 5/ 88.9 62.8 57.5 5 lA 2lt .2 3lt.3 It 35.0 *3 .8 76.8 57.1 75.lt 89.6 6*.6 * 6.5 31.5 29.3 79.6 37.4 7.6 53.9 4.2 36.2 97.1 97.3 96.0 7.5 52.9 4.0 1*1.9 16.2 16.1 1.2 138.1 18.6 136.0 18.6 6.8 83.8 15.3 19.6 6.6 37.7 12.* 4.6 57.6 4.4 1.3 4.6 59.1 4.4 4.5 56.9 5.0 16.3 162.5 399.9 24.1 403.9 392.6 5/ 5/ 4.2 770.5 85.9 18.7 15.0 18.4 18.2 23.0 22.2 60.2 57.7 69.0 69.5 2* . l 75.1 191.7 188.2 18.8 38.2 12.6 16.3 23.5 72.5 37.7 11.5 16.3 l61t.lt 21.9 161.9 21 .lt 1 / 777.0 86.3 2/ 75*. 9 83.5 13.5 5*.3 *5 .8 3*5-7 5*. 3 lt6.6 351.0 5 1.* *5 .* 3 **.0 16.3 15.1 22.1 10.1 15.0 120.6 10.6 10.3 14.9 116.3 10.3 4.2 4.2 3.9 36.3 16.3 23.7 83.4 6.4 3.0 23.8 83.0 22.9 76.7 75.1 235.* 75.6 236.7 75.1 231.5 6.5 2.9 28.5 2.9 75.0 75.7 79.* lt0.9 92.5 8.5 7 3.* 7*.9 39.6 120.2 5/ 28.2 26.1 9.2 33.3 1.7 10.1 6.2 26.6 26.0 26.0 9.4 33.7 1.7 31.8 1.8 9.6 See Explanatory Notes and Glossary for definitions. 1QI52 *7 .0 59.0 69.1 2 3 .* 73.8 189.* Michigan.................. 37.2 7.6 54.1 4.2 Service 19*51 Dec. 1 Jan. V 19.6 11.1 78.1 * 1.0 92.2 8.7 22.2 36.8 19.8 11.0 23.2 36.2 18.7 11.0 91.6 8.0 1<«1 .Tan * .Tart. 116.7 37.5 53.8 602.1 75.1 66.3 11.0 272.0 123.8 136.8 120.2 38.9 56.3 625.9 77.7 71.6 11.6 278.5 128.* 1* 2.6 26.2 27.1 360.* 25.0 316.0 1*8.7 106.3 33*. 5 1* 2.0 104.1 34.9 52.7 550.0 66.4 65.2 10.6 253.7 116.9 124.9 105.2 230.8 105.* 2* 2.6 134.4 99.5 78.7 84.0 98.9 37.7 98.1 210.3 235.6 120.9 68.5 1* 7.6 28.3 2* 6 .* 225.8 129.1 118.3 66.5 141.1 27.5 60.5 11.4 19.6 177.7 3^*9 101.1 81.7 85.8 102.3 *3 .9 106.* 88.0 63.1 11.8 20.2 187.7 91.* *5.6 70.8 159.7 29.* 67. I 12.1 21.3 196.3 37.1 38.1 698.8 119.5 7 *9 .* 12* . 5 319.7 337.9 66.3 379-9 33.5 71.7 35.5 69.2 *01.5 3*.9 73.9 36.9 110.9 315.3 56.9 15.5 158.3 1* 6.0 57.6 115.* 328.5 57.8 16.* 29.8 107.0 12*.8 16.2 31.2 110.8 16*.0 1* 9.8 60.1 131.0 16.9 658.8 116.5 29.1 301.3 97.5 64.2 347.2 31.3 66.6 34.4 106.9 293.2 49.2 15.1 143.5 136.4 56.2 121.2 15^7 - 38 - Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas (In thousands) Number of Employees Area ALABAMA Birmingham l / Mining............................. Manufacturing............... ARIZONA Phoenix T otal........................... Mining............. Contract Construction M anufacturing.. . . . . . . Trans, and Pub. U til. Trade............................... Finance........................... Service........................... Government..................... Tucson T otal............................... Mining............................. Contract Construction Manufacturing........... Trans, and Pub. U til. T rade.............................. Finance........................... Service........................... Government..................... ARKANSAS L ittle Rock-N. L ittle Rock T otal......................... Contract Construction Manufactur ing................ Trans, and Pub. U til., Trade................................ Finance............................ Service 2 /...................... Government...................... CALIFORNIA Los Angeles T otal............................... . Mining............................, Contract Construction, Manufacturing.. . . . . . . Trans, and Pub. U til., Trade. . ............................ Finance * . . . . .................. Service........................... , Government...................... Sacramento Manufacturing................ 1952 Jan. 1951 Dec. 1 Jan. 15.7 60.9 16.7 57.4 .2 7.0 13.1 9.7 24.8 4.4 12.1 15.7 87.4 .2 7.6 11.6 9.5 25.8 4.3 12.1 16.3 81.1 .2 8.0 9.7 9.7 23.3 3.8 11.5 14.9 40.9 1.7 2.9 2.9 5.0 9.1 41.1 1.6 3.0 2.8 5.0 9.2 35.6 1.6 2.9 2.0 5.0 8.5 1.0 8.3 6.3 15.6 60.5 87.0 1.2 11.0 7.1 64.4 5.5 12.3 6.8 16.5 3.6 8.9 11.1 1623.9 15.1 101.0 519.6 117.0 365.5 7M 231.9 199.5 e.k 1.2 11.2 7.1 68.3 7.1 12.4 6.9 18.5 3.6 8.9 11.1 64.3 6.1 11.8 6.8 17.1 3.5 8.7 10.5 1545.4 14.8 120.7 518.0 458.6 119.0 112.5 393.6 362.5 74.3 72.1 232.0 220.5 206.1 183.7 1663.2 15.4 104.8 8.9 7.9 Number of Employees Area San Diego Manufacturing.................... San Franc isco Manufacturing..................... San Jose Manufacturing,................... 1Q*S2 Jan. Dec. 195 1 .Tan. 2/ 42.6 33.5 172.3 173.8 171.1 20.4 21.9 18.1 1.0 18.8 1.0 18.7 43.5 26.5 62.8 10.3 1.0 40.8 24.6 57.0 9.4 119.5 5.5 68.2 5.1 20.3 111.8 COLORADO Denver Mining..................................... Contract Construction.... Manufacturing....................... Trans, and Pub. U til......... Finance................................... 43.7 26.3 58.2 10.2 17.6 CONNECTICUT Bridgeport 116.9 5.2 68.4 5.2 18.7 2.1 9.8 Government............................. 7.4 Hartford 195.0 Contract Construction 2 /. 8.7 81.8 Trans, and Pub. U til......... 7.5 37.4 Finance................................... 24.0 19.6 Government............................. 16.1 New B ritain 41.0 Contract Construction 2/ . .9 Manufactur ing....................... 28.6 Trans, and Pub. U til......... 1.4 4.8 Finance........................... .5 Service................................... 2.5 Government............................. 2.3 New Haven 114.0 Contract Construction 2 /. 5.3 Manufacturing....................... 45.2 Trans, and Pub. Util.... 12.9 2 /. Manufacturing....................... Trans, and Pub. Util.... Contract Construction. 2.2 10.0 8.2 199.6 9.2 81.6 7.4 40.1 23.8 19.7 17.8 42.1 1.0 28.6 1.4 5.4 .5 2.5 2.7 117.9 5.8 45.5 12.8 4.9 64.8 5.0 17.5 2.2 9.4 7.3 182.1 8.3 71.9 7.0 36.4 23.4 18.9 16.2 40.4 .9 28.1 1.3 4.7 .5 2.4 2.4 111.4 5.5 43.4 12.9 - 39 - Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (In thousands) Number of Employees Number of Employees Area JL252. .Jaa CONNECTICUT - Continued Nev Haven - Continued Trade............. Finance......................... Service................................. Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stamford T otal..................................... Contract Construction 2/ Manufacturing..................... Trans, and Pub. U til.. . . Trade..................................... Finance................................. Service................................. Government........................... Vaterbury T o ta l............................ Contract Construction 2/ Manufacturing..................... Trans. and Pub. U ti l.... Trade..................................... Finance................................. Service................................. Government........................... DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington T otal..................................... Contract Construction... Manufactur ing..................... Trans, and Pub. U til.... Trade..................................... Finance................................. Service 2 /........................... Government........................... FLORIDA Jacksonville Manufacturing..................... Trans, and Pub. U ti l.... Trade..................................... Finance................................. Service 2 /........................... Government........................... Miami Manufacturing............... Trans, and Pab. U ti l.... Trade..................................... Finance................................. Service 2 /........................... Government........................... 1931 21.0 5.0 17.7 ?a 22.2 5.0 17.8 8.8 46.7 3.5 21.6 1*8.1 3.6 21.8 2.6 9.1 1.4 6.1 2.5 8.5 1.3 3.2 6.0 68.3 2.1 3.5 69 0 2.3 44.7 2.8 8.8 1.0 *.3 4.6 44.8 2.8 9.4 l.l 4.3 4.8 602. k 623.4 38.7 26.1 41.7 35.5 25.9 41.0 115.4 30.9 72.0 281.7 18.1 15.2 5.8 11.8 14.6 31.6 17.2 24.4 54.9 8.7 37,7 16.9 125.6 30.8 72.3 288.2 17.4 15.5 32.3 5.8 11.7 14.6 16.6 24.0 55.1 8.6 34.8 17.3 Area Jan. 20.2 4.8 17.2 l.k Tampa-St. Petersburg T otal............................... Contract Construction Manufacturing............... Trans, and Pub. U til. Trade............................... Finance........................... Service 2 /..................... Government..................... kk .6 2.7 21.0 2.4 GEORGIA 8.1 A tlanta T otal................................. 1.3 Contract Construction. 5.7 Manufac tu r ing................. 3.5 ‘T rans, and Pub. U til. ~ Trade................................. Finance............................. 66.3 Service 2 /....................... 1.8 Government....................... 44.2 2.5 8.6 Savannah 1.0 T otal................................. ;.-«0 Contract Construction. 4,2 Manufacturing................. Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade................................. Finance................................... 584.5 Government............................. 42.3 23.5 39.2 115.3 ILLINOIS 29.3 Davenport-Rock IslandMoline 71.5 263.4 Manufacturing...................... Peoria Manufa ctu r ing. . . . 16.3 15.3 Rockford l / M anufacturing..• . 30.5 6.0 11.5 INDIANA 13.4 Evansville T otal....................... Manufacturing 15.8 Nonmanufacturing. 21.8 53.5 Fort Wayne 8.4 T otal....................... 36.8 M anufacturing.. .. Nonmanufacturing. 16.7 Jan,. 1952 -12 Dec. 3bJan. 115.2 116.0 11.3 22.0 10.9 36.8 4.4 16.5 13.4 11.7 22.0 11.0 38.2 4.4 15.1 13.8 114.7 12.3 22.7 10.3 36.5 4.4 15.8 12.8 275.5 16.4 71.7 31.1 75.4 17.4 32.1 31.4 280.3 17.1 71.8 31.4 78.7 17.3 263.9 17.6 62.4 30.5 74.0 16.1 32.4 30.9 47.1 3.4 14.4 7.2 10.7 1.6 5.1 43.5 *.7 48.6 3.6 14.6 7.2 11.6 1.5 5.2 4.9 43.5 43.3 42.0 U9.7 lt.9.6 47.3 37.5 38.8 40.2 62.0 61.3 29.9 61.1 31.6 30.4 78.9 41.7 37.2 32.0 32.0 31.* 81.8 42.8 38.9 2.0 13.6 6.9 9.7 1.3 5.2 4.8 31.2 29.9 77.8 41.7 36.1 - ho - Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (in thousands) Area Number of Employees 19*52 .T a n . INDIANA - Continued Indianapolis T otal................................. Contract Construction. Manufacturing............. Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade................................. Finance............................. Other Nonmanufacturing 268. U 9.7 111.8 26.0 59.5 14.0 47.3 1951.De.c, 276.6 11.0 112.6 26.1 65.6 14.1 47.2 265.3 12.1 110.0 25.1 59.9 13.3 44.9 ICWA PeB Moines l / Manufacturing............... 21.3 21.1 42.0 .2 2.3 5.0 8.0 9.3 2.0 4.6 10.9 43.6 .2 2.6 5.2 8.2 10.0 2.0 4.6 11.1 KANSAS Topeka T otal............................... Mining............................. Contract Construction Manufacturing............... Trans, and Pub. U til. Trade............................... Finance........................... Service........................... Government..................... Wichita T o ta l.............................. Mining............................. Contract Construction, Manufacturing................ Trans, and Pub. U til., Trade............................... Finance............................ Service............................ Government...................... 112.1 1.8 5.3 52.9 7.2 23.5 3.8 10.1 7.6 113.6 1.8 5.7 52.6 7.2 25.1 3.8 10.0 7.6 LOUISIANA Nev Orleans l / Manufacturing................ 47-7 47.4 MAIKE Portland l / T otal................................. Contract Construction. Manufacturing................ Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade................................. Finance............................. Service.2 /....................... Government....................... 48.1 3.2 11.7 5.7 13.9 2.9 7.3 3.4 49.1 3.4 11.8 5.8 14.5 2.9 7.2 3.5 20.7 Area MARYLAND Baltimore T otal................................. Mining............................... Contract Construction. Manufactur ing................. Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade................................. Finance............................. Service............................. Government....................... MASSACHUSETTS Boston Manufacturing....................... F all River Manufacturing....................... New Bedford Manufactur ing....................... Spr ingf ieId-Holyoke 40.1 .2 2.1 6.4 7.2 8.6 1.9 4.4 9.5 Worcester Manufacturing....................... 92.8 MINNESOTA 1.8 Duluth 5.3 Total 36.1 Contract C onstruction.. .. 6.8 Manufacturing....................... 22.6 Trans, and Pub. U til......... 3.6 9.6 7.2 Service 2/.......... . Government......................... Minneapolis 45.9 Contract C onstruction.... M anufacturing...................... Trans, and Pub. U til......... Finance................................... 46.4 Service 2 /........................... 2.2 Government............................. 11.6 5.6 St. Paul 13.5 T otal....................................... 2.8 Contract C onstruction.... 7.4 Manufacturing....................... 3.3 Trans, and Pub. U til......... Number of Employees 1251. Jan. Jan. Dec. -1SSL 520.4 .4 35.1 193.9 51.5 104.5 24.3 54.0 56.7 538.7 .4 38.1 196.3 55.9 111.9 24.5 54.8 501.1 56.8 .4 33.6 180.7 53.4 102.9 22.7 53.0 54.4 302.3 304.8 297.5 28.3 29.2 31.3 32.8 33.0 35.5 76.2 76.7 78.3 54.2 54.9 54.6 39.4 1.9 10.2 6.2 10.4 1.4 5.4 41.0 1.9 40.1 3.9 257.2 13.9 71.6 26.2 76.5 17.1 28.6 23.3 142.3 6.2 4o.i 20.8 10.5 6.3 11.0 1.4 5.4 4.5 2.4 10.8 6.2 10.2 1.4 5.1 4.1 15.2 72.3 26.2 80.4 17.2 28.8 26.5 257.1 15.0 70.5 26.0 76.9 16.5 28.8 23.3 149.0 6.7 41.0 20.7 143.9 7.1 40.5 20.6 266.5 - Ill - Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (In thousands) Area Number of Employees -1251. 1952-I&Lt MINNESOTA - Continued S t. Paul - Continued Trade........................... Finance....................... Service 2 /................. Government. . . . ......... MISSISSIPPI Jackson Manufacturing. MISSOURI Kansas City 1/ T otal................................. Mining............................... Contract Construction. Manufacturing............. Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade........................ . . . . Finance..................... Service............................. Government....................... S t, Louis Manufacturing................. MQHTAHA Great F alls Manufacturing................ Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade................................. Service h / ........... HEBBASKA Total................. Contract Construction... Trans, and Pub. Util.... Trade....... ......... Finance............... Service /............. Government............. 2 NEVADA Reno Contract Canstrue t ion. Manufacturing 2 / . . . . . . Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade................................. Finance............................. Service............................. 35.1 38.0 8.6 15.2 16.3 8.6 15.2 18.7 3/ 2/ 2 /.8 2/.8 18.8 108.2 kk.o 101.2 19.6 38.7 3/ 19.8 107.9 43.7 99.6 19.6 38.6 3/ 272.0 2.8 2.3 5.5 3.1 138 f 5 6.3 31.9 23.0 36.3 10.0 17,1 Ik , 0 1*2 1.1* 2.9 5.0 .6 l*.6 Area -JazL. NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester 36A T otal............................... Contract Construction 8.3 ll*.6 Manufac tu r ing............... Trans, and Pub. U til. 16.3 Trade............................... Finance........................... Service........................... Government..................... 8.5 HEW JERSEY Hevark-Jersey City 5/ Manufacturing............. U.8 Paterson 5/ Manufacturing.. . . . . . 18.3 93.1* 1*1.6 Perth Amboy 5/ 91*.6 Manufacturing............. 19.2 37.3 Trenton Manufac turIng............. U 273.8 HEW MEXICO Albuquerque T otal............................... Contract Construction 2.8 Manufacturing............... 2.9 2.1* Trans. and Pub. U til. 2.3 6.0 Trade............................... 5.J* 3.0 Finance........................... 3.1 Service 2 /..................... Government..................... llM*.3 135.1 7.6 6.0 HEW YORK 32.5 30.8 Albany-Schenectady-Troy Manufacturing................. 23.1 22.3 37.8 36. 1* 10.1 9.8 Binghamton 17.2 16.6 Manufacturing................. 16.2 13.1* Buffalo Manufacturing.................. 1.5 1.7 Elmira 1.6 Manufacturing. 1.5 2.9 2.7 5.8 l*.8 Nassau aral .6 .6 Suffolk Counties £ / h .6 Manufacturing.................. Number of Employees 195,1Jan... Dftc. 1*0.0 1.1* 20.5 2.3 7.2 1.7 1*.2 2.6 1*0.5 1.5 20.1* 2.1* 7.5 1.7 ^.3 2.7 1*0.7 1.5 21.6 2.3 7.1 1.6 k .l 2.6 360.0 363.2 363.8 165.2 165.9 163.1 7^.9 75.1 77.3 1*2.7 1*2.6 1*5.7 1*6.8 M 7.3 l*.8 12.1 2.5 6.2 9.0 *7.3 5.1 7.3 *.9 12.3 2.5 6.3 8.9 1*5.0 5.7 5.9 l*.6 11.5 2.6 6.2 8.5 88.6 89.2 81.9 1*0.0 1*0.1 37.6 202.0 198.9 195.0 16.5 16.8 16.6 75.6 74.2 55.0 271.3 - hi - Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (in thousands) Area NEW YORK - Continued Neir York-Northeastern lfew Jersey Manufacturing. . . . . . . . New York City 5/ T otal............................... Mining............................. Contract Construction Manufacturing............... Trans, and Pub. U til. Trade............................... Finance............................ Service................... Government...................... Rochester Manufacturing................ Syracuse Manufacturing................ Utica-RoMB Manufacturing................ W estchester County 5/ Manufactur ing ................ NORTH CAROLINA C harlotte Contract C onstruction.. Manufacturing................... Trans, and Pub. U til... Trade................................... Finance............................... OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City T otal................................. Mining............................... Contract Construction. Manufacturing................. Trans, and Pub. U til.. Trade................................. Finance........................... Service............................. Government....................... Tulsa T otal................................. Mining. Contract Construction. Number of Employees 1352Jan. Dec Jan, Area Tulsa - Continued 1754.1 3583.1 1.6 95.6 1019.8 339.8 829.6 333.5 552.7 * 10.5 1772.8 3716, 35*7.7 1.8 1. 106, 111.7 1038, 1010.1 333.0 3*3. 88*. 835.3 328.6 337. 556, 5*2.7 **7. 38*.5 106.6 105.3 60.1 60.2 13.2 22.1 11.0 23.6 ^.7 106.3 58.9 *3.9 **.9 *8.0 1727.5 *6.6 *5.3 12.9 22.3 ll.l 26.2 4.6 * 8.0 9.1 22.7 10.3 22.0 *•3 135.9 5.9 40.2 15.5 11.5 36.1 6.8 14.9 33.2 135.9 5.7 10.3 15.8 11.4 37.4 6.9 14.9 33.5 124.6 6.3 11.0 1^.3 11.0 3^.6 7.1 14.1 L00.1 9.3 6.4 102.7 9.3 6.9 93.4 10.0 6.7 26.3 Number of Employees 1952 Jan. Dec. 1951 Jem. 24.1 12.2 25.9 *.5 12.2 5.7 23.7 12.2 28.2 *.5 12.1 5.9 19.0 11.3 24.8 4.5 11.6 5.6 58.2 12.1 30.2 58.6 13.9 60.4 30.8 63.9 56.1 29.6 58.6 101.6 . 102.4 102.7 Brie Manufacturing................. 47.1 47.2 49.2 Harrisburg Manufacturing........... 34.3 34.8 33.5 Lancaster Manufacturing.......... 41.9 41.8 43.3 Philadelphia Manufacturing........... 579.2 578.7 587.9 371.2 75.2 32.2 27.6 32.3 372.3 74.8 27.4 34.0 362.6 73.7 26.4 Reading Manufacturing.......... 53.5 53.2 55.7 Scranton Manufacturing.......... 28.7 28.3 30.2 Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton Manufacturing........... 38.3 38.0 38.6 York Manufacturing........... 44.1 44.0 46.3 285.I 293.3 1^.7 298.1 12.9 Manufacturing.......... Trains, and Pub. Util.... Service................. Government............. OREGON Portland Contract Construction.... Manufacturing. Trans, and Pub. Util. PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-BethlehemEaston Manufacturing........ .. Pittsburgh Manufacturing........... Trans, and Pub. Util.... Finance................ RHODE ISLAND Providence Contract Construction.... 13.2 12.5 - 1*3 Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (In thousands) Number of Employees IQ'S? Area .Tan. RHODE ISLAND - Continued Providence - Continued Manufactur ing........ Trans, and Pub. Util... Trade................ Finance.............. Service / ........... Government........... 2 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Manufacturing....... . Trane, and Pub. Util... Columbia Manufacturing......... . Greenville Manufacturing........ 1* 8.6 13.6 *9.1 10.5 20.6 29.5 Ttar. 1*9.7 13.6 53.5 10.5 20.6 30.7 1 .Tan. 162.5 13.6 50.5 10.2 21.* 27.0 9.1 *.0 9.0 3.9 9.7 *.3 8.0 7.8 7.8 28.1 28.5 ......... 5.1 5.1 5.0 TENNESSEE Chattanooga Mining...... Manufacturing...... Trans, and Pub. Util... Trade...... ........ Finance ............ Service............ Government ........... .2 *0.5 *.9 16.6 2.9 9.5 7.8 .2 *1.1 *.9 19.0 2.9 9.5 7.9 .2 *2.9 *.8 16.7 2.8 9.* 7.8 2.6 *1.3 7.2 20.7 3.5 9.5 12.8 2.6 7.2 23.5 3.5 9.5 13.0 2.7 *0.* 7.2 22.3 3.7 9.1 12.7 #Q *0^8 15.5 *7.8 .3 *1.5 15.* 5*.7 .3 *0.2 15.5 *8.1 .. * . . Knoxville Manufacturing..... Trans, and Pub. Util... Trade .......... ..... Finance..... . ..... Service......... . . . . Memphis Mining............ Manufacturing.......... Trans, and Pub. Util*,,. Trade............. . 41.1 195P Area 27.9 SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls Manufacturing, Number of Employees 1951 Jan. Memphis - Continued Finance............... Service............... 7.7 22.5 20.8 Nashville Manufacturing......... Trans, ana Pub. Util.... Finance............... Service............... Government............ UTAH Salt Lake City Contract Construction... Manufacturing........ Trans, and Pub. Util 6/. Finance................ Service............... VERMONT Burlington Manufacturing......... 33.5 11.8 2*.0 6.1 13.8 13 .* 6.3 5.* 1*.6 7.8 28.6 *.9 12.8 5.2 WASHINGTON Seattle .. Contract Construction. ManiJ'P&r'tnTHncr Trans, and Pub. Util.... .. .. . 2 /........................... ........................... Finance Service Government Dec. 1951 1 22.6 21.0 7.8 7.2 22.5 17.5 33.8 11.8 25.* 6.2 13.9 13.5 35.0 11.2 2*.3 5.9 1*.0 13.0 6.2 7.7 5.0 12.9 6.0 7.3 l*.6 6.7 26.9 *.7 12.3 5.* 5.7 5.9 15.1 32.0 262.8 11.6 71 fX. 60 27.% 6 l.k 1*.6 32.#1 38.1 271.* 12.*O 7A 27 .* 72.2 1* 7 33 .* *0.* 251.6 63.6 Spokane Contract Construction... Manufacturing......... Trans, and Pub. Util.... Trade......••••••••••• Finance••••••••••••••••• Service Government............ 2 /........................... Tacoma Contract Construction... Jan. 12.2 Q*r *7( 27.2 65.8 1* 5 31.5 35.7 1.9 13.1 10.7 18.* 2 •71 9.2 7.6 66.9 2.7 13.1 10.8 20.0 2^8 9^3 8.2 63.7 *.0 12.8 10.2 17 *5 cP *7Q 9.2 7.1 66.8 2.9 70.9 3.6 69.1 3.7 - lilt - Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagrieultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (in thousands) Area - Continued Tacoma - Continued Manufacturing................... Trane, and Pub. U til... Trade................................... Finance............................... Service 2 /......................... Government......................... Number of Snployees 19*52 1951 Jan. Dec. 1 Jan. WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA Charleston T o ta l.................................. Mining................................. Contract C onstruction.. 15.9 6.2 lfc.7 2.5 6.8 17.8 16.9 6.5 15.9 2.k 7.1 18.5 18.1 6.3 Ik.k 2.k 6.7 17.5 Number of Employees Area Charleston - Continued Manufacturing..................... Trans, and Pub. U ti l.... Finance................................. Service................................. WISCONSIN Milwaukee 95.6 21.1 3.^ 99.0 21.2 3.* 97.0 22.5 Racine Manufacturing..................... See Explanatory Notes and Glossary for d efin ition s. l / Revised series; not s tric tly comparable with previously published data. 2 / Includes mining. 3/ Hot available. \J Includes mining and finance. 5 / Subarea of Hev York-Northeastern New Jersey. %J Excludes In terstate railro ad s. 1952 Jan. 195:L Dec. 1 Jan. 27.^ 9.1 16.1 2.8 6.9 8.9 28.0 9.2 18.5 2.8 7.0 9.1 193.9 196.8 193.5 2k.k 2if.5 2k.2 27.1 9.1 16.1 2.7 6.9 8.4 - b$ - Explanatory Notes Section A. Purpose and Scope of the BLS Employment Statistics Program - Employment statistics for nonfarm industries presented in this monthly Report are part of the broad program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide timely, comprehensive, accurate and detailed infor mation for the use of businessmen, government officials, legislators, labor unions, research workers and the general public. Current employment statistics furnish a basic indicator of changes in economic activity in various sectors of the economy and are widely used in following business developments and in making decisions in fields of marketing, personnel, plant location and government policy. The BLS employment statistics pro gram, providing data used in making official indexes of production, productivity and national income, forms an important part of the Federal statistical system. The BI£ publishes monthly the national total of employees in nonagricultural establishments, giving totals by 8 major industrial groups: manufacturing, mining, contract construction, transportation and public utilities, trade, finance, service, and government. Series on "all employees" and "production and related workers" are presented for the du rable goods and nondurable goods subdivisions of manufacturing, 21 major industry groups in manufacturing, over 100 separate manufacturing indus tries; all employees and production workers are presented also for selected mining industries. "All employees" only are published for over 40 industry groups in contract construction, transportation and public utilities, trade, finance, service^ find government. Statistics on the number and proportion of women employees in manufacturing industries are published quarterly. In addition, the Bureau of Labor Statistics pub lishes monthly employment data by industry division for State and local areas, compiled by cooperating State agencies. Current national, state, and area statistics are published monthly in the Employment and Payrolls Report. Employment data for thirteen months are presented in the Current Statistics Section of each issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Historical data are also presented in the BLS Handbook of Labor Statistics (1950 edition). Summary tables showing national data for prior months and years may be obtained by writing to the BLS Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics. Similar information is available for States and areas. A detailed expla nation of the technique of preparing employment statistics is presented in the Monthly Labor Review, January 1950 and In BLS Bulletin No. 993> Techniques of Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series. - U6 - Section B. Definition of Employment - BLS employment statistics represent the number of persons employed in establishments in nonagrieultural industries in the continen tal United States during a specified payroll period. Employment data for nongovernmental establishments refer to persons who worked during, or re ceived pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Current data for Federal government establishments generally refer to persons who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the last pay period of the previous month; for state and local government, persons who received pay for any part of the pay period ending on, or immediately prior to7 the last day of the current month. Employed persons include those who are working full- or parttime, on a temporary or permanent basis. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick-leave, paid holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of a specified pay period and are unemployed or on strike during the other part of the period are considered employed. Persons on the payroll of more than one establishment during the pay period are counted each time reported. On the other hand, persons who are laid off or are on leave without pay, who are on strike for the entire pay period, or who are hired but do not report to work during the pay period are not considered employed. Since proprietors, self-employed persons, and unpaid family workers do not have the status of "employee", they are not covered by BLS reports. Persons working as farm workers or as domes tic workers in households are not within the scope of data for nanagricultural establishments. Government employment statistics refer to civilian employees only and hence exclude members of the Armed Forces. Section C. Method of Preparing Employment Series - The BLS prepares monthly employment figures from statistical reports voluntarily furnished by a group of establishments and from indus try benchmark data, i.e. a complete count of employees generally compiled from establishment reports required in the administration of the unemploy ment insurance and old age and survivors insurance programs. Based on establishment reports, employment statistics are prepared for numerous in dustry classifications. Monthly employment data for each industry are collected and prepared from these sources according to the methods out lined In the following sections. Section D. Collection of Establishment Reports - The BIS, with the cooperation of State agencies, collects current employment information for most industries by means of question naires (BLS 790 Forms) mailed monthly to individual establishments. State agencies mail most of the forms and when returned, examine them for Section D. Collection of Establishment Reports (Continued) - consistency, accuracy and completeness. States use the information to prepare State and area series and send the schedules to the BLS Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics for use in preparing the national series. Each questionnaire provides space for reporting data for December of the previous year and each month of the calendar year; the same form is returned each month to the reporting establishment to be completed. Definitions of terms are described in detail in the instructions on each form. This type of "shuttle" schedule is designed to assist firms to re port consistently; accurately and with a minimum of cost* An establishment is defined as a single physical location, such as a factory, mine, or store where business is conducted. In the case of a company with several plants or establishments, the BIS endeavors to obtain separate re ports from each business unit which maintains separate payroll records since euch may be classified in a different industry. Section E. Coverage of Establishment Reports - The Bureau of Labor Statistics obtains monthly reports from approximately 150,000 establishments, distributed by industry as shown by the table below. The table also shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establish ments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown. APPROXIMATE SIZE AND COVERAGE OF MONTHLY SAMPLE USED IN BIS EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL STATISTICS Employees Number Number in :Percent of :establishments sample :of total : Division or industry Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities: Interstate railroads (ICC) Other transportation and public utilities (BLS) Trade Finance Service: Hotels Laundries and cleaning and dyeing plants Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission) State and local (Bureau of Census quarterly) 55 42,000 502,000 776,000 10,660,000 — 1 ,1*06,000 96 13,000 58,500 9,200 1,341,000 1 ,765,000 49 1,300 139,000 29 2,200 99,000 19 — 2,336,000 100 — 2,645,000 65 3>300 19,500 639,000 28 66 18 23 - u8 - Section F. Classification of Establishments Reports - To present meaningful tabulations of employment data, establishments are classified into industries an the basis of the princi pal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume for a recent year. In the case of an establishment making more than one product, the entire employment of the plant is included under the industry indicated by the most important product. The titles and descriptions of industries presented in the 19^5 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Vol. I: (U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.) are used for classifying reports frcan manufacturing establishments; the 19^2 Industrial Classification Code, (U. S. Social Security Board) for reports from nonmanufacturing establishments. Section G. Benchmark Data - Basic sources of benchmark information are periodic tabulations of employment data, by industry, compiled by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance lavs. Supplementary tabulations prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance are used for the group of establishments exempt from State unemployment insurance laws because of their small size. For industries not covered by either of the two programs, benchmarks axe .com piled from special establishment censuses: for example, for interstate railroads, from establishment data reported to the ICC; for State and local government, from data reported to the Bureau of the Census; for the Federal government, from agency data compiled by the Civil Service Commission. Establishments are classified into the same industrial groupings for benchmark purposes aa they are for monthly reporting. Because the industry data from unemployment insurance and OASI tabulations are not sufficiently detailed, the BLS has prepared for se lected manufacturing industries special benclsa&rka based on data from the 19^7 Census of Manufactures. Table 4 shows current data on production workers in these selected industries, based on Census benchmarks. Since there are important differences la the methods of preparing the two sets of benchmark data, monthly statistics derived from them are not strictly comparable. Hence, totals for industry groupn ( e . g . broadwoven fabric mills, iron and steel foundries) derived by adding the figures for the in dividual component industries shown in Table 4, differ from the industry group totals shown in Table 3, based on benchmarks from social insurance programs. Section H. Estimating Method - The estimating procedure for industries for which data on both all employees and production and related workers are published (i.e. - 1*9 - Section H. Estimating Method (Continued) - manufacturing and selected mining industries) is outlined below; substantially the same method is used for Industries for which only fig ures on either all employees or production workers are published. The first step is to determine total production-worker employment in the Industry in the benchmark period since neither of the social insurance programs furnishes benchmark data for production workers. The all employee benchmark figure is multiplied by the ratio of the number of production workers to all employees. The ratio is computed from estab lishment reports vhich show data for both items for the benchmark period. Thus, if 75 firms'report in the benchmark period 25,000 production workers and an all employee total of 31,250, the production worker - all employee ratio would be .80, (25,000 divided by 31>250). If the all-employee benchmark is 50,000, the production-worker total in the benchmark period would be .80 times 50,000 or 40,000. The second step is to compute the total production-worker employment in the month following the benchmark period. The productionworker total for tie benchmark period is multiplied by the percent change over the month in production-worker employment in a group of establish ments reporting in both months. Thus, if firms in the BLS sample report employment of 30,000 production workers in March and 31,200 in April, the percentage Increase would be 4 percent (1,200 divided by 30,000). The production-worker total In April would be 104 percent of 40,000, the production-worker total in March, the benchmark month, or 4l,600. The third step is to compute the all-employee total for the Industry in the month following the benchmark period. Tbs production- 4 worker total for the month is divided by the ratio of production workers to all, employees. This ratio is computed from establishment reports for the month shoving data for both items. Thus, if these firms in April re port 24,000 production workers and a total of 29,600 employees, the ratio of production workers to all employees would be .81 (24,000 divided by 29,600). The all-employee total in April would be 51*358, (41,600 divided by .81). Figures for subsequent months are conputed by carrying forward the totals for the previous month according to the method described above* When annual benchmark data become available, the BLS employment figures for the benchmark period are cceipared with the total count. If differ ences are found, the BLS series are adjusted to agree with the benchmark count. - 5o - Section I. Comparability vith other Employment Estimates - Data published by other government and private agencies differ front BLS employment statistics because of differences in definition, sources of information, and methods of collection, classification and es timation. BIS monthly figures are not comparable, for example, vith the estimates of the Bureau of the Census Monthly Beport on the Labor Force. Census data are obtained by personal interviews vith individual members of a sample of households and are designed to provide information on the vork status of the vfaole population, classified into broad social and economic groups. The BLS, on the other hand, obtains by mail questionnaire data on employees, based an payroll records of business units and prepares de tailed statistics on the industrial and geographic distribution of employment and on hours of vork and earnings. Employment estimates derived by the Bureau of the Census from its quinquennial census and annual sample surveys of manufacturing estab lishments also differ from BLS employment statistics. Among the important reasons for disagreement are differences in Industries covered, in the business units considered parts of an establishment, and in the industrial classification of establishments. Section J. Employment Statistics for States and Areas State and area employment statistics are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation vith the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The names and addresses of these agencies are listed on the last page of the Beport. State agencies use the same basic schedule as the Bureau of Labor Statistics in collecting employment statistics. State series are adjusted to benchmark data from State unemployment Insurance agencies and the Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance. Because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and use slightly varying methods of computation, the sum of the State figures differs from the of ficial U. S. totals prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. State and area data in greater Industry detail and for earlier periods may be se cured directly upon request to the appropriate State agency or to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. - 51 - Glossary A ll Employees — In c lu d e s p ro d u ctio n and r e l a t e d w orkers as d e fin e d below and workers engaged in the f o llo w in g a c t i v i t i e s : e x e cu tiv e., p u rc h a s in g , f in a n c e , a c c o u n tin g , l e g a l , p e rso n n e l ( in c lu d in g c a f e t e r i a s , m e d ic a l, e t c . , ) , p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l a c t i v i t i e s , s a l e s , s a l e s - d e l i v e r y , a d v e r t i s i n g , c r e d i t c o l l e c t i o n , and in i n s t a l l a t i o n and s e r v i c i n g of own p ro d u cts , r o u t in e o f f i c e f u n c t i o n s , f a c t o r y s u p e r v i s i o n (above the working foreman l e v e l ) . A ls o in c lu d e s employees on the e s t a b lis h m e n t p a y r o l l engaged in new c o n s t r u c t io n and major a d d i t i o n s or a l t e r a t i o n s to the p la n t who a re u t i l i z e d as a s e p a r a te w o rkfo rce ( f o r c e - a c c o u n t co n stru ctio n w o rkers). Contract Construction — Covers only firm s engaged in the c o n s t r u c t i o n b u s in e s s on a c o n t r a c t b a s is for o t h e r s . F o rce -a cco u n t c o n s t r u c t io n w o rk e rs, i . e . , . h i r e d d i r e c t l y by and on the p a y r o l l s of F e d e r a l, S t a t e , and l o c a l government, p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s , and p r i v a t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , a r e exclu d e d from c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n and in clu d e d in the employment fo r such e s t a b li s h m e n t s . Durable Goods — The d u ra b le goods s u b d i v i s i o n in c lu d e s the f o llo w in g major ind u s t r y groups: ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ; lumber and wood products (except f u r n i t u r e ) ; f u r n i t u r e and f i x t u r e s ; s to n e , c l a y , and g l a s s p ro d u c t s ; primary m etal i n d u s t r i e s ; f a b r i c a t e d m etal p roducts (except ordnance, m ach inery, and t r a n s p o r t a t io n equipm ent); m achinery (except e l e c t r i c a l ) ; e l e c t r i c a l m ach ine ry; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n equipment; in stru m e n ts and r e l a t e d p ro d u c t s ; and m is c e lla n e o u s m an ufactu ring i n d u s t r i e s . Finance — C overs e s t a b lis h m e n t s o p e ra tin g in the f i e l d s of f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e ; e x clu d e s the F e d e r a l Reserve Banks and the m ixed-ow nership banks of the Farm C r e d i t A d m i n is t r a t i o n which a re in c lu d e d under Government. Government — Covers F e d e r a l , S t a t e , and l o c a l government e s t a b lis h m e n t s perform ing l e g i s l a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , and j u d i c i a l f u n c t i o n s , i n c l u d in g Government co rp o ra t i o n s , Government f o r c e -a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t io n , and such u n i t s as a r s e n a l s , navy yard s, h o s p ita ls . F o u r t h - c l a s s p o stm aste rs a r e excluded from t a b le 2; they a r e in c lu d e d , however, in t a b l e 7. S ta t e and l o c a l government employment e x c lu d e s , as nominal employees, p aid v o lu n t e e r firemen and e l e c t e d o f f i c i a l s of sm a ll lo c a l u n it s . Manufacturing — Covers only p r i v a t e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ; Government m an ufactu rin g o p e r a t io n s such as a r s e n a l s and navy y a r d s a r e excluded from m an u factu rin g and in c lu d e d under Government. Mining — C overs e s t a b lis h m e n t s engaged in the e x t r a c t i o n from the e a r th of o rg a n ic and i n o r g a n ic m i n e r a l s which occur in n a tu re as s o l i d s , l i q u i d s , or g a s e s ; in c lu d e s v a r io u s c o n t r a c t s e r v i c e s r e q u ir e d in m ining o p e r a t io n s , such as removal of overburden, t u n n e lin g and s h a f t i n g , and the d r i l l i n g or a c i d i z i n g of o i l w e l l s ; a l s o in c l u d e s ore d r e s s i n g , b e n e f i c i a t i n g , and c o n c e n t r a t i o n . - 52 - Nondurable Goods — The nondurable goods s u b d i v i s i o n i n c lu d e s the f o llo w in g m ajor in d u s t r y grou p s: food and k in d re d p ro d u c t s ; tobacco m a n u fa c tu re s; t e x t i l e —m i l l p r o d u c t s ; a p p a r e l and o th e r f i n i s h e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s ; £aper and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ; p r i n t i n g , p u b l i s h i n g , and a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ; c h e m ic a ls and a l l i e d p ro d u c t s ; p ro d u cts of petroleum and c o a l ; rubber p ro d u c t s ; and l e a t h e r and l e a t h e r p ro ducts. P a yrolls — P r i v a t e p a y r o l l s r e p r e s e n t weekly p a y r o l l s of both f u l l - and p a r t - t i m e p ro d u ctio n and r e l a t e d w orkers who worked d u rin g , or r e c e iv e d pay f o r , any p a rt of the pay p e rio d ending n e a r e s t the i 5 t h of the month, b e fo re d ed u ctio n for o ld -ag e and unemployment insurance., group insurance,, w ith h o ld in g taXj bonds, and union dues; a ls O j in c lu d e s pay f o r s i c k le a v e j h o lid a y s., and v a c a t io n s take n . E x c lu d e s cash payments f o r v a c a t io n s not take n , r e t r o a c t i v e pay not earned d u rin g p e rio d r e p o r t e d , v a lu e of payments in k in d , and bonuses, u n l e s s earned and p a id r e g u l a r l y each pay p e r io d . F e d e r a l c i v i l i a n p a y r o l l s a r e fo r the c a le n d a r month. Production and Related Workers - In c l u d e s working foremen and a l l n o n s u p e rv iso ry workers ( in c l u d i n g le ad men and t r a i n e e s ) engaged in f a b r i c a t i n g , p r o c e s s i n g , a s se m b lin g , in s p e c t i o n , r e c e i v i n g , s t o r a g e , h a n d lin g , p a ckin g , w arehousing, s h ip p in g , m ain te n an ce , r e p a i r , j a n i t o r i a l , watchman s e r v i c e s , p ro d u cts d ev e lo p ment, a u x i l i a r y p ro d u ctio n f o r p l a n t * s own use ( e . g . , power p l a n t ) , and r e c o r d keeping and oth e r s e r v i c e s c l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d w ith the above p ro d u ctio n operat i o n s . S e rv ice — Covers e s t a b lis h m e n t s p r i m a r i l y engaged in re n d e rin g s e r v i c e s to i n d i v i d u a l s and b u s in e s s f ir m s , i n c l u d i n g autom obile r e p a i r s e r v i c e s . E x c lu d e s dom estic s e r v i c e w o rk e r s . Nongovernment s c h o o l s , h o s p i t a l s , museums, e t c . , a r e in c lu d e d under S e r v i c e ; s i m i l a r Government e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e in c lu d e d under Government. Trade - Covers e s t a b lis h m e n t s engaged in w h o le s a le t r a d e , i . e . , s e l l i n g merchan d i s e to r e t a i l e r s , and in r e t a i l t r a d e , i . e . , s e l l i n g m erchandise fo r p e rs o n a l or household consumption, and re n d e rin g s e r v i c e s i n c i d e n t a l to the s a l e s of goods. S i m i l a r Government e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e in c lu d e d under Government. Transportation and P u blic u t i I i t i e s — C overs only p r i v a t e e s t a b lis h m e n t s engaged in p r o v id in g a l l types of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n and r e l a t e d s e r v i c e s ; te le p h o n e , t e l e graph, and o th e r communication s e r v i c e s ; or p ro v id in g e l e c t r i c i t y , gas, steam, w a t e r , or s a n i t a r y s e r v i c e . S i m i l a r Government e s t a b lis h m e n t s a r e in c lu d e d under Government. - 53 - List of Cooperating State Agencies ALABAMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT OELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI - Department of In d u s t r ia l R e la tio n s , Montgomery 5. - Unemployment Compensation D iv is io n , Employment S e c u rity Commission, Phoenix* - Employment S e c u rity D iv is io n , Department of Labor, L i t t l e Rock. D iv isio n of Labor S t a t i s t i c s and Research, Department of I n d u s tria l R e la tio n s , San Francisco 1 . - U. S. Bureau of Labor S t a t i s t i c s , Denver 2* - Employment S ec u rity D iv is io n , Department of la bor, Hartford 15- Federal Reserve Bank of P h ila d e lp h ia , P h ila d e lp h ia 1, Pennsylvania. U. S. Employment S e rv ic e for D. C ., Washington 25 . Unemployment Compensation D iv is io n , In d u s tria l Commission, T a lla h a s s e e . Employment S e c u rity Agency, Department of Labor, A tlan ta 3 . Employment Se c u rity Agency, Boise. D iv isio n of Placement and Unemployment Compensation, Department of Labor, Chicago 54 Employment Secu rity D iv is io n , In d ia n ap o lis 9. Employment Se c u rity Commission, Des Moines 8 « Employment S e c u rity D iv is io n , State Labor Department. Topeka. Bureau of Employment S e c u rity , Department of Economic S e c u rity , Fra n k fo rt. D iv is io n of Employment S e c u rity , Department of Labor, Baton Rouge 4. Employment S e c u rity Commission, Augusta. Department of Employment S e c u rity , Baltimore i . D iv isio n of S t a t i s t i c s , Department of Labor and In d u s t r ie s , Boston 10 . Employment S ecu rity Commission, Detroit 2. D ivisio n of Employment and S e c u rity , St. Paul x. Employment S e c u rity Commission, Jackson. D iv is io n of Employment S e c u rity , Department of Labor and I n d u s tria l R e la tio n s, J e ffe r so n C it y . - Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena. MONTANA - D iv is io n of Employment S e c u rity , Department of Labor, L inco ln 1 . NEBRASKA - Employment Secu rity Department, Carson C it y . NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE - D iv is io n of Employment S e c u rity , Department of Labor, Concord. - Department of Labor and Industry, Trenton 8 . NEW JERSEY - Employment S e c u rity Commission, Albuquerque. NEW MEXICO Bureau of Research and S t a t i s t i c s , D iv is io n of Placement and Unemployment Insurance, NEW YORK New York Department of Labor, 1440 Broadway, New York 18NORTH CAROLINA - Department of Labor, Raleigh* - Unemployment Compensation D iv is io n , Bismarck. NORTH DAKOTA - Bureact of Unemployment Compensation, Columbus 16* OHIO - Employment S ec u rity Commission, Oklahoma C it y 2* OKLAHOMA - Unemployment Compensation Commission, Salem. OREGON — Federal Reserve Bank of P h ila d e lp h ia , P h ila d e lp h ia 1 (m fg.); Bureau of Research and PENNSYLVANIA Information, Department of Labor and in du stry, Harrisburg (nonmfg.)* - Department of Labor, Providence 3 . RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA - Employment Secu rity Commission, Columbia 1 . - Employment Se c u rity Department, Aberdeen. SOUTH DAKOTA - Department of Employment S e c u rity , N a s h v ille 3 . TENNESSEE - Employment Commission, Austin 19. TEXAS - Department of Employment S e c u rity , in d u s tr ia l Commission, S a lt Lake C it y 13 . UTAH - Unemployment Compensation Commission, Montpelier* VERMONT - D iv is io n of Research and S t a t i s t i c s , Department of Labor and Industry, Richmond 19* VIRGINIA - Employment s e c u r it y Department, Olympia. WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA - Department of Employment S e c u rity , Charleston 5. - In d u s tria l Commission, Madison 3 . WISCONSIN - Employment S e c u rity Commission, Casper. WYOMING - Other Publications on EM PLO YM EN T D EV ELO PM EN TS STATE AND AREA DATA— EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS Data available for States and areas in varying industry detail since 1947. MANPOWER REPORTS - Special studies of manpower problems in activities of importance to the defense effort. Reports numbered consecutively as issued. Those not listed are either out of date or restricted for security reasons. MANPOWER REPORT No. MANPOWER REPORT No. MANPOWER MANPOWER MANPOWER MANPOWER REPORT REPORT REPORT REPORT 3 - The N a t i o n ’s Scientific and Technical Manpower 8 - Manpower Requirements of the Machine Tool Industry in the Current Mobilization Program N o . 10 - Manpower Requirements for the Merchant Marine N o . 11 - Manpower Requirements in Metal Mining N o . 12 - Defense Manpower Requirements in Electronics Production N o . 13 - The Effects of Defense Program on Employment in Automobile Indu s t ry EMPLOYMENT AND SHIFT OPERATIONS IN METALWORKING INDUSTRIES - Number of workers em ployed and their distribution by shift in selected metalworking industries. Prepared quarterly and available beginning with the third quarter of 1951. OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK, 2d EDITION, Bulletin No. 998 of Bureau of Labor Statistics issued in cooperation with the Veterans Administration. 575 pp. - Available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government P r i n t ing Office, Washington 25, D. C . f at $3.00 a copy. A comprehensive cover age of major occupations for use in guidance with reports on each of 433 occupations and industries including industrial, professional, "whitecollar," and farming occupations in which most young people will find jobs. Trends and outlook are emphasized to depict the changing nature of occupa tional and industrial life, and to help in long-range educational and ca reer planning. Occupation reports describe employment outlook, nature of work, industries and localities in which workers are employed, training and qualifications needed, earnings, working conditions, and sources of further information. This material is current as of late 1950. New editions of the Handbook will be issued from time to time. FACT BOOK ON MANPOWER, January 1951, 52 pp. - Statistics on the population and la bor force of the United States, on its industrial and occupational distri bution, and on potential manpower resources under conditions of national emergency. SELECTED FACTS ON THE EMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC STATUS OF OLDER MEN AND WOMEN, January 1952, 32 pp. - Basic data pertaining to older workers, including information on population and labor force trends, industrial and occu pational characteristics, and on income and employment. TABLES OF WORKING LIFE, LENGTH OF WORKING LIFE FOR M E N # Bulletin No. 1001, August 1950, 74 pp. - Tables comparing a m a n ’s life span with his work span. Also labor force entry rates, and separation rates due to death and retirement.
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