Full text of Employment and Payrolls : June 1952
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E M P L O Y M E N T and Payrolls MONTHLY JURE STATISTICAL REPORT 1 9 5 2 jsr*Employment Trends ? V Industry Developments Industry Statistics \ . State and Area Statistics ^ Payroll Data UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin - Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague -Committioner Publications on Employment Developments a w U lc u L le The em ploym ent em ploym ent, areas; Bureau trends (2) lab o r the term trends tio n of in of o p e ratio n w ith Bureau for of State to the and in m ajo r and th e c o n t in u e d p u b lic . ploym ent U. also for v aryin g of w om en co n tain s 48 on in m o nthly m ajo r and an alysis s t a t is t ic s in d u strie s, (3) the and in d u strie s; the defense and (4) are of the of on States a n alysis m o b iliza tio n s t a t is t ic s of d evelopm ents current is and of in trends and lo n g prepara program prepared ap p ro x im ate ly a two b asis in and co m a jo r addressed 25, D. sele cte data and on the in d iv id for on em Report current rele ase , based Both 250 q u a rte rly. Press e a rlie r. to C. and trends groups re noted. o n ly, av a ila b le in d u strie s. weeks be C olum bia em ploym ent in d u stry th e ap p ro x im ately of n a tio n a l m o n thly broad should for in d u strie s a re o th erw ise W ashing ton D is tr ic t selected in t it le s , Labor, On co ver u n less presented the d e ta il. la te st back free exact m anu facturin g a n a ly sis a v a ila b le ( in s id e ) fig u res in d u stry in th e Departm ent States an a ly sis data, m easurem ent trends; Em plo ym ent sp e cifyin g S. an ticip a te d of for D istrib u tio n p u b licatio n s S t a t is t ic s , in earn in g s o ccu p atio ns sup p ly. the current em ploym ent req u irem en ts lab o r in of a g e n cie s. in d u strie s, areas, and these AN D P A Y R O L L S — E m p l o y m e n t ual program p rep aratio n hours of manpower b e lo w these Labor EM PLO YM EN T of p ro sp ective a v a ila b le Requests S t a t is t ic s (1) turnover, em ploym ent L is t e d p o rts Labor in te rp re ta tio n e stim ates estim ates of in clu d e s and g iv in g p relim in ary reports p u b lish ed n o n th ly. HOURS AND E A R N I N G S — A v e r a g e h o u rly earn in g s le cte d areas. in d u stry weeks LA B O R groups v id u al b asis P ress groups based lie r . Both on o n ly, data rele ase , on on an alysis data, layo ffs, women g iv in g p relim in ary reports g iv in g selected hours, and of av a ila b le for and for current average States trends and in se broad ap p ro x im a te ly two m o nthly. and d isch a rg e s n o n -m an u factu rin g an a ly sis data, p u b lish ed w eekly in d u strie s, p u b lish ed q u its, and average 275 p relim in ary reports h irin g , m an u factu rin g n a tio n a l te rly . on rele ase , based Both earn in g s, ap p ro x im ate ly Press e a rlie r. TURNOVER— D a ta w eekly for selected of shown 121 On in d u strie s current a v a ila b le for in d u strie s. trends ap p ro x im ately m onthly. These publications prepared by DIVISION OF MANPOWER AND EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Seymour L. Wolfbein, Chief av a ila b le in broad two in d i a quar in d u stry weeks e a r and Payrolls CONTENTS P EMPLOYMENT DATA AT A GLANCE........... .......... EMPLOYMENT TRENDS....................... ....... Table A: Employees in Nonagricultural Establish ments, by Industry Division and Group..... Table B: Employees in Manufacturing Industry Groups.................................... INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT REPORT Cotton and Rayon Broad-Woven Fabrics..•••••..••••••• OTHER INDUSTRIES IN BRIEF....... ................ Machine Tools Automobile 3 Bakery Products CURBENT EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL STATISTICS 1. Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division. 2. Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industxy Division and Group................... 3* All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries..................... U. Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing Industries....................... .......... 5>. Indexes of Production-Worker Employment and Weekly Payrolls In Manufacturing Industries...... 6. Employees in the Ship Building and Impairing Industry, by Ifegion........... .............. 7. Federal Civilian Employment and Payrolls in All Areas and in Continental United States, and Total Government Civilian Employment and Payrolls in the District of Columbia.•••••••••••• 8. Employees In Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division, by State... 9. Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry Division, in Selected Areas.••••••••• (Data for the two most recent months shown are subject to revision.) APPENDIX Explanatory Notes........ Glossary...................... List of Cooperating State Agencies Employment Data at a Glance Labor Turn-Over Trends Reflect a Changing Employment Situation PMI R a te PER lO O E M P L O Y E E S IN M A N U F A C T U R IN G IN D U S T R IE S Rate UNITE D STATES D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Current May 1952 J / May 1952 change from: Year ago April 1952 May 1951 46,249 15,769 897 2,416 46,226 April 1951 Previous month Year ago EMPLOYEES IN NONAGRICULTURAL ESTABLISHMENTS (in thousands). Mining.................... Transportation and 46,23A 15,609 891 2,4-98 U, 136 9,754 1,957 4,787 6, 6C£ 4,106 9,811 1,951 4,748 6,551 15,853 915 2,598 4,137 9,683 1,874 4,789 6,377 45,998 15,955 911 2,471 4,132 9,627 1,865 4,745 6,292 + 8 -244 - 24 - 15 -160 - 6 + 82 + 30 - 57 + 6 ♦39 + 51 - 1 + 71 + 83 - 2 +225 -100 HOURS AND EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES... 166.32 39*8 *1.654 $65.83 40.7 *1*586 *64.55 41.0 *1.578 *64.70 +0.2 +*0.004 +*0.49 -0.7 +*0.072 +*1.77 ... • .. ••• ••. • •• 3.8 4.2 2.3 1.3 .3 4.5 4.8 4.5 4.6 2.7 1.0 .5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 40.0 #1.658 LABOR TURNOVER RATES IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES (Per 100 employees).......... Accessions......... . Separations.................. Layoffs................... ■^Latest month's figures are preliminary II 2.8 1.2 •4 Employment Trends EM PLOYM ENT IN D EFEN SE-RELA TED INDUSTRIES LEVELS OFF The number of employees in nonfarn industries was unchanged between mid-April and mid-Way, in contrast to the increase of over 200,000 recorded at this time last year. This year, strikes in construction and lumbering dampened the usual Spring upturn in these industries. Moreover, in defenserelated industries, which had been rapidly building up their workforce at this time in 1951, employment expansion was virtually halted over the past month, according to preliminary reports. Nonfarm employment this May at 46.2 million — was the same as in May of last year. This was the highest level ever recorded for the month, but the absence of an over-the-year gain contrasted with an average annual employment increase of nearly one million in the post-World War II period. Over the past year, employment reductions in consumer goods and building ma terials manufacturing and an increase in the number of workers involved in industrial disputes offset growth in defense-related activities. The work stoppage in the steel industry was not reflected in the mid-May employment reports. The rate of employment build-up in nearly all industries producing military goods and industrial equipment needed in the defense program has slowed considerably in recent months. In the aircraft, ordnance, heavy elec trical equipment, and metalworking and general industrial machinery indus tries, the net employment gain in the first 5 months of this year was less than a fourth the increase recorded in the corresponding period of last year. Between April and May 1952, these industries reported little or no employ ment change. Backlogs of orders for many types of industrial equipment have been declining in recent months from the peak levels of last year, and most plants producing military goods have now been staffed for mass production. The number of employees in all manufacturing Industries declined by 160,000 between April and May, to 15.6 million. Work stoppages in oil refineries and Northwest lumbering camps, and continued small declines in the textile and apparel industries contributed to this greater-than-seasonal reduction. Because of slackened consumer buying and inventory build-up, employment was down by 10 percent over the year in textiles and by 5 percent in apparel. On the other hand, employment in automobile plants, which had been declining since the Spring of 1951, has increased slightly this Spring. 1 Employment in contract construction rose by 80,000 between April and May, to 2.5 million workers. This was the smallest April-to-May gain in the postwar period, reflecting labor-management disputes which idled about 100,000 construction workers in mid-May. After allowance for strikes, construction employment this May was about equal to the all-time peak for the month attained last year. Total expenditures for new construction, which reached a nev high for the month this May, are expected to continue at record levels in 1952. About 50,000 workers were added to Government payrolls between April and May, primarily because of seasonal expansion of highway con struction and other outdoor activities in State and local governments*. Total Government employment, at 6.6 million in May, was 225,000 above the level of a year earlier, with about half of the increase occurring in Federal defense agencies, including naval yards, military bases, and other Defense Department facilities. State and local governments have added about 100,000 workers over the past year, bringing their employment to an all-time high of 4.2 million. Employment in retail and wholesale trade declined seasonally after Easter, to 9.8 million in May, but remained slightly above the level of a year ago. (See Tables A and B.) FACTORY L A Y -O F F S RISE AFTER FOUR MONTH DOW N-TREND Lay-offs of factory workers increased slightly between March and April 1952, reversing the down-trend of the past four months. However, the lay-off rate remained below the post-Korea peak reached late last year* From the start of the Korean War in mid-1950 until the Spring of 1951 — as the defense program got under way and consumer buying reached record levels — factory lay-offs were at or near the lowest rates reported for the season since the end of World War II* In subsequent months, de spite continued expansion of the defense program, lay-offs rose above the postwar average, primarily because of slackened sales and rising invento ries in a wide range of consumer goods industries. (See chart, page II.) The lay-off rate reached a peak of 17 per 1,000 employees in No vember 1951, one of the highest November levels in a decade. Between No vember 1951 and March of this year, however, lay-offs declined steadily, reflecting a halt in the employment downswing in many consumer goods in dustries* The factory lay-off rate rose from 11 per 1,000 employees in March to 13 in April. Marked increases were reported in the apparel, chemicals, transportation equipment, and paper industry groups. In the apparel industry, where reduced sales have led to significant employment declines in the past year, lay-offs increased more than seasonally after Easter. The paper industry has been affected by production cutbacks in 2 consumer goods industries, which have resulted in reduced demand for pa perboard for shipping. Between April 1951 and April 1952, factory lay-offs were up by 30 percent, with most industry groups reporting increases. Lay-offs were more than double last year's rates in the chemicals, paper, apparel, fab ricated metals, and stone, clay, and rlass industry p t o u o s . The 38 per 1,000 rate at which factories hired workers in April was virtually the same as in the preceding month. For each of the past 12 months, hiring has remained below the post-World War II average for the season, in contrast to the high hiring rates following the Korean out break* Factory hiring this April was about 15 percent below the rate of a year ago, with reductions reported in most industry groups. Rela tively large over-the-year decreases in hiring were reported in such de fense-related industries as aircraft and metalworking machinery, where employment expansion has slowed down from the rapid pace of late 1950 and early 1951. The rate at which factory workers voluntarily quit their jobs rose between March and April, from 20 to 33 per 1,000 employees, reflect ing the usual shift of many workers from manufacturing to farming and other outdoor activities in the Spring. Pecause of reduced opportunities for job shifting, however, the quit rate continued substantially lower than a year earlier, with nearly all industry groups reporting fewer quits. FACTORY W ORKW EEK DECLINES TO PRE-KOREA LEVEL The average workweek of factory workers declined by almost an hour between mid-March and mid-April, to 39*8 hours — the lowest level since April 1950. Decreases in the workweek were reported in nearly every industry group, partly reflecting reduced hours for workers observing Good Friday. In the primary metals industry, the then impending work stoppage in steel mills contributed to the over-the-month decline of more than 2 hours. Over the year, the average workweek was down by more than an hour, with the largest declines 1-1/2 hours or more — reported in the textile, paper, primary metals, tobacco, apparel, and stone, clay, and glass industry groups. W EEKLY EARNINGS LOWER THAN A YEAR AGO IN SIX INDUSTRY GROUPS Average weekly earnings of factory workers declined by $1*36 between March and April, to $65.83, as a result of the shorter workweek. Over the year, weekly earnings were up by $1.13. However, the primary metals, textile, apparel, tobacco, paper, and stone, clay, and glass in dustries reported over-the-year reductions in earnings* 3 Weekly earnings in the textile industry, at &4-9.S9 in April, were $2.98 less than a year ago, reflecting not only a 2-1/2 hour de cline in the average workweek, but also reduced wage rates in Northern hosiery mills and the increased proportion of textile workers in the lower-wage Southern mills. HOURLY PAY OF FACTORY W ORKERS UP 5 PERCENT OVER THE YEAR In mid-April 1952, the nearly 13 million production workers em ployed in manufacturing plants earned an average of $1.65 an hour in cluding overtime and other premium pay — up by 7-1/2 cents, or 5 percent, from April 1951. The gain resulted both from the increased proportion of workers employed in the higher-wage defense-connected industries and from cost-of-living and other wage rate adjustments allowed under wage stabili zation policy. There were wide differences among industry groups, however, in the over-the-year change in earnings. For the 2 million production workers in the textile and apparel industries, average hourly pay this April was only 1 percent above April 1951 levels. In these industries, both employment and hours have been reduced considerably over the past year because of slackened sales and high inventories. Gains in hourly pay of 2 to 3 percent well Tinder the average increase for all manufacturing industries — were reported over the year in the petroleum, primary metals, leather, and tobacco industry groups. On the other hand, considerably greater-than-average increases — from 7 to 9 percent were recorded for workers in the rubber, electrical ma chinery, food, and ordnance industries. Between March and April of this year, average hourly earnings for workers in manufacturing remained unchanged, although many indus tries reported slight declines as a result of reduced overtime. Hourly earnings rose seasonally by 2-1/2 cents in the lumber industry. On the other hand, average hourly earnings were reduced by U cents in the ap parel industry -- where most workers are paid on a piece-work basis — reflecting seasonal production cutbacks. k Table A: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Industry D ivision and Selected G roups 2/ (In thousands) 1952 Industry division and group May V April 1951 March May- Net ehisnge MayApr, 1952 1951 to to MayMay 1952 195? TOTAL.... 46,234 46,249 45,983 46,226 - 15 + 8 MANUFACTURING................ 15,609 15,769 15,858 15,853 -160 -244 891 897 899 915 - 6 - 24 107 347 107 356 107 362 103 377 0 - 9 + 4 - 30 106 105 102 106 + 1 0 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION............ 2,498 2,416 2,300 2,598 + 82 -100 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES........................ 4,136 4,106 4,119 4,137 + 30 - 1 2,904 N.A. 553 2,881 N.A. 552 2,856 N.A. 551 2,911 680 546 + 23 - 7 + 1 + 7 9,754 9,811 9,660 9,683 - 57 + 71 2,596 2,599 2,619 2,568 - 3 + 28 7,158 1,466 1,287 7,212 1,516 1,292 7,0U 1,430 1,287 7,115 1,475 1,271 - 54 - 50 - 5 + 43 - 9 + 16 736 734 738 742 + 2 - 6 Other retail trade.••.••••••••• 569 3,100 591 3,079 529 3,057 550 3,077 - 22 + 21 + 19 + 23 FINANCE........................... 1,957 1,951 1,936 1,874 ♦ 6 + 83 SERVICE........................... 4,787 4,748 4,683 4,789 + 39 - 2 GOVERNMENT....................... 6,602 6,551 6,528 6,377 + 51 +225 2,371 4,231 2,362 4,189 2,354 4,174 2,244 4,133 + 9 + 42 +127 + 98 MINING...................... Nonmetallic mining and TRADE....................... Pood and liquor stores.••.••••• Automotive and accessories Apparel and accessories 1/ Preliminary. 5 Table B: Employees in M anufacturing Industry G ro u p s j / (in thousands) 1952 I n d u s tr y d i v is io n and g ro up May y 1951 Net change May Apr. 1952 1951 to to May May 1952 1952 April March 15,609 15,769 15,858 15,853 -160 -244 8,974 9,036 9,025 8,975 - 62 - 76 76 74 40 0 + 36 711 334 534 1,336 739 339 533 1,340 735 344 531 1,350 828 349 560 1,347 ♦ - 28 5 1 4 -117 - 15 - 26 - 11 979 1,637 952 1,643 318 991 1,652 961 1,621 323 991 1,655 967 1,596 320 1,026 1,598 930 1,513 297 — 12 - 15 - 9 + 22 - 5 + 39 454 461 462 487 - 7 - 33 NONDURABLE GOODS 6,635 6,733 6,833 6,878 - 98 -243 Food and k in d re d p r o d u c t s .*................... T obacco m a n u fa c tu re s ................* ................. T e x t i l e - m i l l p r o d u c ts .................................. A p p arel and o th e r f in is h e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c ts ............................................ P ap er and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts ........................ P r i n t in g , p u b lis h in g , and a l l i e d i n d u s t r i e s ........................................................... C h em icals and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts ............. P ro d u c ts o f p e tro le u m and c o a l ........... R ubber p r o d u c ts ................................................. L e a th e r and l e a t h e r p r o d u c ts ................ 1,444 84 1,172 1,442 84 1,188 1,442 85 1,208 1,478 81 1,302 + 2 0 - 16 - 34 + 3 -130 1,067 474 1,113 476 1,170 482 1,118 497 -46 - 2 - 51 - 23 760 742 260 268 364 761 754 272 268 375 763 761 268 270 384 759 742 260 272 369 - 1 /- 12 - 12 0 - 11 + 1 MANUFACTURING... DURABLE GOODS O rdnance and a c c e s s o r ie s .......................... Lumber and wood p ro d u c ts (e x c e p t f u r n i t u r e ) ....................................... F u r n itu r e and f i x t u r e s ............................... S to n e , c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c t s . . . . P rim ary m e ta l i n d u s t r i e s .......................... F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p ro d u c ts (e x c e p t o rd n a n c e , m a c h in e ry , and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t)............. M achinery (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) ............. E l e c t r i c a l m a c h in e ry .................................... T r a n s p o r ta tio n eq u ip m e n t.......................... In s tr u m e n ts and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s .. . M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g ^ Preliminary 6 May 1 - 47 + 22 +130 + 21 0 0 - 4 - 5 tUHEAU OF LABOI STATISTICS Industry Employment Report COTTON AND RAYON BROAD-WOVEN FABRICS Textile-ml11 employment has declined each month with one excep tion since February 1951* The number of production workers In Bills producing cotton and synthetic broad-woven fabrics totaled 377/100 In April 1952, a decline of 20,700 from the April 1951 level. Hearly all areas In which textile manufacturing is a major source of employment have been classified by the Bureau of Employment Security as having a moderate or substantial labor surplus. Because many textile Bills are located in one-industry towns, reductions in hours and lay-offs among textile mill workers can result in hardship for the entire community. The decline In employment is primarily a result of decreases In ccmstuaer spending on textile products, since about 60 percent of the cotton textile industry output goes into apparel and household goods. Military purchases have not been cun important factor in the demand for textiles since they represented only about 8 percent of total textile output in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1951* Moreover, these military purchases have been largely confined to a limited group of fabrics. Despite several periods of rising employment in 19^1-^2, and I9V 7-H8 , textile employment has failed to keep pace with the general expansion of industrial employment which has occurred over the past decade. The textile mill products Industry group now employs fever workers than In 1939, whereas over the ease period BaaufacturIng employ ment as a whole has Increased by nearly 60 percent. The total output of textile products, om the other hand, Increased by about half, and the production of broad-woven fabrics by alaost a third between 1939 and 1951. (See chart 1.) DECLINES IN EM PLOYM ENT OVER PAST Y E A R Textile Bills manufacture a variety of products fraa both natural and synthetic textile fibers. For example, soae ml 11s produce yarn and thread, part of which Is used In the production of knitted goods such as hosiery. Other Bills weave narrow fabrics such as laces, or broad-woven fabrics such as muslin. A large proportion of these broad-woven fabrics are dyed and printed in Bills which specialize la this operation. Another important group of textile Bills aakes carpets and rugs. C h a rt 1. Synthetics PRODUCTION Growing OF in Importance BROAD-WOVEN FABRICS B illions of L inoar Y ard s This report deals vith broad* woven fabric mills, except those producing woolen and worsted fabrics. About a third of the workers in the entire textile industry are employ ed in plants which weave fabrics ■ore than 12 inches in width from cotton, rayon, or other synthetic fibers. Some of this fabric is sold to the apparel industry to be cut up and sewed into clothing, or it may be sold by the yard as piece goods. Other fabrics are woven into sheeting and towels or other house hold products, and the remainder is produced for industrial uses such as tire cord. Between June 1951 and April D ata n o t a v a ila b le for 1940, 1941, a n a i942. 1952* employment in broad-woven fabric mills has moved steadily downward, except for one short period. (See chart 2.) Production worker employment in March was 382.000, a decline of 1*5,000 from the March 1951 level. Average employ ment of 1*08,200 production workers in 1951 was well below the industry's postwar high of 41*3,200 in 1948. March 191*8 was the record high month, with the industry reporting 1*50,600 production workers. By 19^9* however, the great backlog of consumer demand for fabrics that were in short supply during World War II had been worked off and production and employment levels for the Industry had declined. An average of about 396,000 production workers was employed in 1949, more than 10 percent below the 1948 average. After the outbreak of Korean hostilities, employment in the broadwoven fabric industry turned sharply upward. In addition to the heavier volume of military orders, consumer buying in anticipation of shortages increased the pressure toward inventory accumulation by retailers and by the mills themselves. By February 1951 employment had risen to 427.000, 5 percent over February 1950 but nearly 5 percent below the February 1948 level. The 10 percent employment reduction between March 1951 and March 1952 was accompanied by a 10-percent decline in hours. Production workers in cotton and rayon broad-woven fabric mills worked 36.8 hours a week in March 1952, the lowest March average since 1949. In contrast, hours for production workers averaged 41.5 a week in March 1951* The decline was particularly great between March and October 1951 when the workweek dropped from 41.5 to 37*0 hours. 8 The decline in average weekly hours among Northern mills was somewhat greater than in the South. This trend began in March 1951 when weekly hours dropped to 40.8 in Northern mills but declined only slightly to an average of 41.6 in the South. In July the average in both sections vas close to 38 hours, but for the remainder of the year the workweek in Northern broadwoven fabric mills vas considerably below the Southern average* In January 1951 production workers in Northern mills averaged 37*7 hours a week compared with 39-2 hours in the South. However, weekly hours in Southern mills declined sharply between January and March, and were 36.9 hours in March compared with 36 hours in Northern mills. C hart 2. Employment Nears Post-War Low COTTON AND RAYON BROAD-WOVEN FABRICS 1947 lo 1952 THOUSANDS OF PRODUCTION WORKERS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR *4J«IAU OF lASOt STATISTICS TRENDS IN PRODUCTION Although employment has remained at relatively low levels, over most of the postwar period production of cotton, rayon, and other syn thetic broad-woven fabrics has been maintained at rates considerably higher than prewar. Output in 1950 was at an all-time high, of 12.6 billion yards. Although the annual production in 1951 was slightly lower than 1950, it also surpassed the previous record output of 12.2 billion yards achieved in 1943* During the second half of 1951, pro duction fell off sharply from the high levels of the first two quarters, when output was running at an annual rate of more than 13-1/2 billion yards. Output per man-hour in the cotton and rayon broad-woven fabrics industry increased since World War II, and in 1950 was well above the 1939 level. The greatest productivity increase occurred between 1949 and 1950. Part of this rise resulted from greater utilization of plant capacity and larger output in 1950. Employment opportunities and fabric output depend not only upon plant capacity, but also upon the extent to which mills operate their equipment. The number of looms active on each shift on both cotton and rayon broad-woven fabrics declined between the end of December 1951 and the end of March 1952, according to preliminary Census data. At the end of March, however, nearly two-thirds of the cotton looms in place were being operated on a third shift, and nearly 85 percent on the second shift. 9 USE OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS HAS INCREASED One of the outstanding developments affecting the textile indus tries in the past 30 years has been the spectacular gains made in the use of rayon, nyl*h, and other synthetic fibers. Between 1920 and 1950 the amount of fibers used by mills producing textile products more than doubled. Consumption of cotton increased from 2.8 billion to fc.7 bil lion pounds leaving it still the predominant fiber, but its relative importance dropped from 90 percent of the 1920 total to about 70 per cent of the 1950 total. The proportion of wool fibers consumed also declined sharply. In contrast, rayon fiber accounted for less than onehalf of 1 percent of total consumption in 1920, but made up nearly a fifth of the entire total of 1950* The use of the newer synthetic fibers, such as nylon and orIon, has also grown rapidly during the post war period and In 1951 they accounted for more than 3 percent of the Nation's total fiber consumption. The production of synthetic textile fibers is part of the chemical Industry. Rayon, the oldest of the synthetics, is made primarily from wood pulp and cotton llnters. Nylon and vinyan are produced from coal tar. Because they are chemically produced, the quality of synthetic fibers cam be controlled and fibers with character istics which make them adaptable for specific consumer uses are now be ing developed. The production of synthetic fibers which was begun in an effort to imitate silk has thus become a creative search for improv ed textile fibers. THREE OUT OF FOUR W O RKERS EMPLOYED IN SOUTHERN MILLS Over the years there has been a general shift In the textile industry away from the Hew England area and into the cotton producing States. As recently as 1925 the Hew England area had about half the Nation's cotton spindles. The depression of the 1930's resulted in liquidation of much of the industry's capacity and abandonment of mn many of its plants, but the contraction was much greater In the New England region. Between 19^2 and 19^9 the total number of cotton and rayon looms In place In the United States declined by about 6 percent. The number of looms scrapped during this period was only slightly larger In the New England area. Because of the smaller number of looms In New England, however, the loss In terms of capacity in this area was nearly 13 per cent, while in the South it represented only a percent decline. States having the greatest decline were Rhode Island and Connecticut which lost more than a fourth of their cotton and rayon looms during the period. k More than three-fourths of the production workers In cotton and rayon broad-woven fabric mills were employed in the South. North and South Carolina have almost half the industry's employment. Other 10 important fabric-producing States in the region are Georgia, Alabama, and Virginia. Although there are important broad-woven fabric mills in the Middle Atlantic States, which produce chiefly rayon and synthetic fabrics, the proportion of workers employed in this area is declining. In January 1952, the New England region had about a sixth of the cotton and rayon broad-woven fabric employment. Nearly half of this region' 8 workers are employed in Massachusetts. The regional distribution of employment in the cotton and rayon broad-woven fabric industry, as estimated by the Bureau of labor Statistics in January 1952, is shown in the following table. Percent Distribution of Production Workers in Cotton and Synthetic Broad-Woven Fabrics by Region and State, January 1952 Region and State United States total Percent distribution — — -— ---------- New England States ------ ,-------- --Connecticut — — — — --------------Maine----— -— — — — — — — — -----Massachusetts — ----- -------- ---- --New Hampshire----------— ----------Rhode Island — — — — — — — — — — Vermont-----— ------— — — --------Middle Atlantic... ...........— .... — New Jersey — — — — — — — — New Tork ---- -----— — --------- ---Pennsylvania — — — — — — — South -----------------------------Alabama — — — — — — — — — Georgia — — — — — — — — — — — Maryland — — — — — — — — — -— — — Mississippi-- --- — --- — --- — — — North Carolina — — — — — — — — — — South Carolina — — — — — — — — Tennessee ---- — — — — — — — — Virginia — — — — — — — — — — Other .............................. Arkansas — ----- — — — — — — — Illinois.... ...... -.............. Missouri — — — — — — — — — — New Mexico — — — — — — — — — Oklahoma — ---— — — — — — — — — Texas — — — — — — — ------Wisconsin — — — — — — — — — — — l/ Less than 0.05 percent. 100.0 15.5 2.2 3.2 6.4 1.6 2.0 .1 .7 .9 2.9 77.7 9.0 14.8 .5 22.1* 2k.6 .9 5.1 2.2 .3 (l/) .1 .3 1 .5 (l/) 11 PLANTS W ITH OVER 1 ,0 0 0 W O RKERS HAVE ALM OST HALF THE EM PLOYM ENT Although plants vith over 1,000 workers have almost half the em ployment, textile fabric sills have remained small-scale operations as compared vith many other manufacturing industries in the United States. More than 40 percent of the workers were employed in plants having be tween 2^0 and 1,000 workers according to the 19^7 Census of Manu factures . Large-scale operations reduce costs in many types of Manufactur ing, but in this Industry increasing fabric output in larger plants has required the addition of more looms and more workers in about the same proportions as are employed in smaller plants. Although there have been no revolutionary innovations In the methods of textile manufacture which make older machines completely obsolete, recently built factories are utilizing many of the newer techniques of plant lay-out. Most of the major broad-woven fabric mills cure integrated mills that do both spinning and weaving. EA RN IN G S ARE LOWER THAN M AN UFACTURIN G A VERA G E Production workers in the industry earned an average of $1.28 per hour in April 1952. This was about 6 cents per hour less than earnings in textile Industry as a whole and 37 cents less than the manufacturing average. However, workers In Northern mills averaged $1.4-5 in March 1952 while those in Southern mills earned $1.25 an hour on the average. There has been little change in hourly earn ings in the industry since October 1950 when the average increased to $1.27 from $1.18 during the previous month. Weekly earnings have declined about $5 since October 1950, due to the shortened workweek. Hourly earnings In Northern mills have Increased 8 percent during this period and earnings in Southern mills have re mained substantially unchanged. A nation-wide survey of wages and related working conditions In the textile industry was made by the Division of Wages and Industrial Relations of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in March 1952. Pre liminary information is available in the release entitled "Karnings of Cotton Textile Workers, March 1952." 12 Other Industries In Brief MACHINE TOOLS Employment in the machine tool industry continued to expand during the first months of 1952* April 1952 production worker em ployment of 66,200 was more than 70 percent above the level at the be ginning of Korean hostilities in June 1950. k New orders for machine tools dropped off somewhat during re cent months, and the backlog of unfilled orders has been substantial ly reduced. However, for many special types of machine tools needed in plants producing aircraft, tanks, and other military items, the in dustry still has a large amount of unfilled orders. Sane plant expan sion is now underway, and employment in the industry is expected to continue to rise during the remainder of 1952. The industry's work week of hours in March 1952 was one of the highest of all-manufactuxlng industries. k7»k AUTOMOBILES After declining for nearly a year, employment in the automobile industry started to rise in February 1952. The industry's employment fell from its all-time peak of 935,600 wage and salary workers in March 1951 to 775,000 in January 1952, a decline of about 160,000. April employment of 805,000, an increase of 30,000 over January 1952, is expected to be followed by further increases during the coming months provided the labor dispute in the steel industzy is settled quickly. cations tion of 525,000 was the Automobile plants increased their activities as materials allo were increased in the second quarter of 1952 and in anticipa the spring selling season. Automobile production of more than vehicles in April — i*15>000 passenger cars and 110,000 trucks, highest monthly volume since July 1951. 13 BAKERY PRODUCTS Employment in the baking industry showed virtually no drop be tween March and April 1952, a continuation of the relatively stable pat tern of the past 5 years. In April 1952, 285,700 employees were in the industry, a gain of about 5 percent since April This slight up ward trend can be attributed mainly to population growth, particularly in urban areas. 19k7» During this period there have been small seasonal variations, with employment fluctuating within range of about percent over the year. Employment in the industry can be expected to increase somewhat daring the last half of 1952 as the employment peak is generally reached late in the year. k Over the long run, employment should rise only slightly despite continued population growth. Bread is a staple food and its consumption does not rise in proportion to increases in income. In the past, as a family's income has risen, its consumption of bread has dropped. On the other hand, there has been a trend toward increased consumption of other bakery products such as pies, cakes, and cookies. 1U | Current Employment and -H+L-UIHIII -Payroll Statistics -1 I 1 11 M 1 1 1— j4—-I-,—1—J— [.-I..1 I I | I I 1 I- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 Table I: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments By industry Division (In thousands) Year and ■onth Total Contract Manufac con Mining turing struction Transporta tion and public utilities Trade Finance Service Govern ment Annual average: 1939.. 1940.. 1941. . 1942.. 1943.. 1944.. 30,287 32,031 30,184 39,69^ 42,042 41,480 845 916 1945.. 1946.. 1947.. 1948.. 1949.. 1950.. 1951 917 883 1,150 1,294 1,790 2,170 1,567 1,094 10,078 10,780 12,974 15,051 17,381 17,111 2,912 3,013 3,248 3,433 3,619 3,798 6,612 6,940 7,416 7,333 7, 189 7,260 1,382 1,419 1,462 1,440 1,401 1,374 3,321 3,477 3,705 3,857 3,919 3,934 3,987 4,192 4,822 5,431 0,049 40,069 41,412 43,371 44,201 43,006 44,124 826 852 943 981 932 904 1,132 1,661 1,982 2,165 2,156 2,318 15,302 14,461 15,247 15,286 14,146 14,884 3,872 4,023 4,122 4,151 3,977 4,010 7,522 8,602 9,196 9, 491 9,438 9,524 1,394 1,586 1,641 1,716 1,763 1,812 4,055 4,621 4,786 4,782 4,701 5,967 5.007 5,454 5,013 5,811 5,910 i+6,4oi 920 2,569 15,931 4,141+ 9,804 1,883 4,759 6,390 45,390 45,850 45.998 930 924 911 915 927 2,228 2,326 2,471 2.598 15,978 16,022 15.955 15,853 15.956 4,082 4,112 4,132 4,137 4.161 9,554 9,713 9,627 9,683 9,732 1,839 1,854 1,865 1,874 1,893 *+.657 4,682 4,745 4,789 4,835 6,122 906 922 917 917 917 916 2.754 2.809 2,768 2,761 2,633 2,518 15,813 16,008 16,039 15,965 15,913 4,176 4,190 4,178 4,166 4,165 4.161 9,667 9,641 9,781 9,893 10,109 10,660 1,908 1,914 1.898 1.898 1,907 1,912 4,852 4,839 4.831 4,770 4,734 4,702 6,356 6,401 6,544 6,532 6,497 6,881 Jsui... 45.913 909 2,316 Feb.. 45.899 Mar.. 45.983 Apr.. 46,249 902 2,308 2,300 15,776 15.859 15.858 15,769 4,103 4,111 4,119 4,106 9,720 9*643 9,660 9,811 1,909 1,919 1,936 1,951 4,671 4,667 4,683 4,748 6,509 6,490 JL221 Feb... Mar... Apr... May... 46,226 June.. 46,567 July.. Aug... Sept.. Oct... Nov. Deo. 46,1+32 46,724 46,956 46,902 46,852 47.663 947 983 899 897 See Explanatory Notes 2,686 2,416 15»890 4.799 0,020 6,217 6,292 6.377 6.377 6,528 6,551 &nd G lossary fo r d e fin itio n s. 1$ I n d u s t r y Da t a Table 2: Employees in Nonagrieultural Establishments By Industry Division and Group (In thousands) I n d u s try d iv is io n and group A-jr. 1952 Mar. TOTAL... *6,2*9 *5,983 *5,899 *5,998 *5 ,85© 097 899 902 911 92* 107.* 60.8 355.8 266.6 10*. 0 106.8 61.* 362.0 267.3 101.5 107.2 61.6 366.0 266.6 100.7 103.8 67.6 381.9 25*.6 103.I 105.3 72.2 396.3 250.2 99.6 m i n i n g ..... ............................... A n th racite* • B itum inous—c o a l* • • • • • • • • • • • • * • • • • • • • • • » • • « « Crude p etro leu m and n a tu ra l gas p ro d u c tio n , N o n m etallic m ining and q u a rry in g * * • • • • • • • • * m . Apr. 1951 Mar. CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION..................... 2,*16 2,300 2,308 2,*71 2,326 N O N B U 1L O 1NG C ON S T R U C T I O N ................................... *52 396 395 *60 39* 177.7 273.9 1*2.8 253.* 1*3.5 251.1 181.3 278.6 1*9.5 2**.0 Highway and s t r e e t . . . .............................* • * ••• •• O th er n o n b u ild in g c o n s tr u c tio n .. . . . . . . • . . • C O N S T R U C T I O N ......................................... 1,96* 1,90* 1,913 2,011 1,932 G E N E R A L C O N T R A C T O R S ............................................. 792 769 775 8*8 807 1,172 1,135 1,138 1,163 1,125 BUILDING SPECIAL-TRADE C O N T R A C T O R S .................................. Plum bing and h e a tin g .......... ..............• • • • • • • • • • • P a in tin g and d e c o r a tin g .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E le c tr ic a l w o rk .• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ............... O th er s p e c ia l—tra d e c o n tr a c to r s . • ••••> ••••• 287.6 159.9 153.5 571.* 289.0 1*6.0 15*.* 5*5.1 291.J) 1*3 .; 155.£ 5*8.C 289.3 155.9 139.1 578.* 28*.7 1*6.7 138.3 555.5 15,769 15,858 15,859 15,955 16,022 D U R A B L E GOOD S ......................................................... N ON D URA B L E GO OD S ........................................................................................ 9,036 6,733 9,025 6,833 9,010 6,8*9 9,003 6,952 8,969 7,053 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES........ *,106 *,119 *,111 *,132 *,112 2,856 2,881 2,853 1,*0* 1,392 1,395 1,221 1,218 1,230 1*1 139 139 6*1 6*1 6*9 681 689 679 87.8 89.2 87.5 2,909 1,**3 1,287 1** 62* 678 78.5 2,893 1,*51 7©8 660.3 *7.] 678 629.0 *8.* MANUFACTURING............................. T r a n s p o r ta tio n ........... .. In te rs ta te ra ilr o a d s .• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • C la ss I r a i l r o a d s . ..................* • • • • • • • • • • • • • * L ocal ra ilw a y s and bus l i n e s . . • • • • • • • • . . . • T ru ck in g and w a re h o u sin g .• • • * • • • • • • • • • • • • • O th er tr a n s p o r ta tio n and s e r v i c e s . . . . . . . . . A ir t r a n s p o r ta tio n (common c a r r i e r ) . . . . . . C om m unication.• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • T elephone. See Explanatory Notes 16 I.A . 655.2 V .A . and Glossary for definitions. N .A . 663.8 N .A . l,S 7 * 1** 626 672 76.9 675 625.9 *7.8 Indus try Data Table 2: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments By Industry Division and Group - Continued (In thousands) In d u s try d iv is io n and group Apr. 1952 Mar. M . Ajr. 1951 Mur. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES (C ontinued) O ther p u b lic u t i l i t i e s . ....................• • • • • • • • • • • • Gas and e l e c t r i c u t i l i t i e s .............• • • • • • • • • • • E le c tr ic l i g h t and power u t i l i t i e s . . . . . . . . Gas u t i l i t i e s . ............................................ E le c tr ic l i g h t and gas u t i l i t i e s com bin ed........................................................................... L ocal u t i l i t i e s , n o t elsew h ere c l a s s i f i e d ...................... ................... 552 527.6 23*.7 118.3 551 526.2 23*.J 117.7 55® 525.6 23*.l 117.6 5*5 519.8 231.9 115.6 5** 519.1 231.5 115.6 17*. 6 17 k . 2 173.9 172.3 172.0 2*.* 2*.* 2*.l 25.* 2*.6 9 ,8 11 9,660 9,6*3 9,627 9,713 W holesale t r a d e . ......................................... . • • • • • • • • • 2,599 2,619 2,62* 2,579 2,59© R e ta il t r a d e . ......................................................................... G eneral m erchandise s t o r e s , ..................................... Food and liq u o r s t o r e s . ................................ .. A utom otive and a c c e s s o rie s d e a l e r s .. . . . . . . . A pparel and a c c e s s o rie s s t o r e s . .......................... O ther r e t a i l t r a d e . ..................................... ................... 7,212 1,516 1,292 73* 591 3,679 7,0*1 1,*3Q i,2*r 738 529 3,057 7,019 l,*l6 1,286 7*3 515 3,059 7,0*8 1,*53 1,26* 739 5*2 3,050 7,123 1,512 1,26* 736 57* 3,037 FINANCE.................................... 1,951 1,936 1,919 1,865 1,85* TRADE............................. . Banks and t r u s t com p an ies..................................... . S e c u rity d e a le rs and e x c h a n g e s.. . . . . . . . . . . . In su ra n c e c a r r ie r s and a g e n ts . .......................... O th er fin a n c e a g e n c ie s and r e a l e s t a t e .......... *77 6*.l 692 686 *51 63.9 662 688 **9 63.9 662 679 *,683 *,667 *,7*5 >1,682 *37 *3© *28 **5 *35 357.7 161.9 353.1 15*.0 35*.0 153.* 35*.* 153.0 351.3 150.* 2*8 2*3 2*2 2*9 2*3 6,551 6,528 6,*90 6,292 6,217 F e d e ra l 1 /............................................................................... 2,362 S ta te and l o c a l ................................................................. *,189 2,35* *,17* 2,3** *,1*6 2,201 *,©91 2,1*6 *,«71 H o te ls and lo d g in g p la c e s ........................... . L au n d ries. ............................................................. C leaning and dyeing p la n ts . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • GOVERNMENT......................................................... W. *79 6*.3 701 692 *,7*8 SERVICE.................................... 1/ *81 6*.6 TO* 701 F o u rth c la s s p o s tm a ste rs are ex clu d ed h e re but a re in c lu d e d in T able 7. Data are not available because of work stoppage • 17 Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries (in thousands) Al l Industry group an d industry MIKING........................................... M E T A L M I N I N G ....... ............ . ......... . I r o n m i n i n g ........ ..................... Copper Lead m i n i n g ........................... and zinc m i n i n g .................. A N T H R A C I T E .................... ............... 1 B TUM 1N O U S - C O A L ........................ . C R U D E P E T R O L E U M A ND N A T U R A L GAS P R O D U C T I O N .............. ......... ......... (except contract s e r v i c e s ) ......... D U R A B L E G O O D S ............................... N O N D U R A B L E G O O D S ........................... ORDNANCE AND FOOD KINDRED AND Dairy A C C E S S O R I E S .............. P R O D U C T S .......... . p r o d u c t s . ........................ Canning a n d p r e s e r v i n g . ........... B a k e r y p r o d u c t s ....................... S u g a r .......... ........ ................ C o n f e c t i o n e r y a nd r e l a t e d products. B e v e r a g e s ................................ Miscellaneous TOBACCO food p r o d u c t s ........ M A N U F A C T U R E S , , .................. C i g a r e t t e s ............. . ........... . C i g a r s ................... ............... Tobacco and Tobacco stemming s n u f f . .................... and r e d r y i n g ..... TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS....................... Broad-woven Knitting Dyeing and Carpets, Other f a b r i c m i l l s .......... . m i l l s ......... ................. finishing 11 t e x t i l e s ........ r u gs , o t h e r f l o o r c o v e r i n g s . textile-mi p r o d u c t s .......... See E x p la n a to ry Notes and G lo ssary 18 P r o d u c t Lori w o r k e r s 7«b. Apr. Apr. Iter. Apr. Ntr. 7«b. 1952 1952 1952 1952 1952 1952 1951 902 911 897 899 9*.6 9*.0 107.* 106.8 107.2 103.8 9*.* 33*8 36.9 36.9 37.9 36.9 32.9 32.9 29.0 25*2 29.1 28.9 29.1 25.3 25** 22.6 22.* 20.2 19.8 22.5 19.9 19.7 61.* 67.6 60.8 61.8 58.1 57.2 57*7 355.8 362.0 366.0 381.9 332.0 338.1 3*1.8 268.6 104.8 N O N M E T A L L I C M I N I N G A N D Q U A R R Y I N G ____ MANUFACTURING............................................. 15,769 P e t r o l e u m a n d n a t u r a l ga s p r o d u c t i o n employees 267.3 266.6 25*.6 - - - Apr. 1951 91.7 33*1 25.3 17.6 63.6 357.* - 128.0 129.2 12M 127.5 101.5 90.2 87.2 100.7 103.I 87.9 90.9 15,858 15,859 15,955 12,712 12,807 12,820 13,10« 9,036 9,025 9,010 9,003 7,31* 7,310 7,306 7,**5 5,663 6,733 6,833 6, 8*9 6,952 5,398 5,*97 5,51* 56.0 5**6 7*.o 30.3 75.7 71.7 37.7 57*3 1,**2 1 , 1*2 1,*66 1,**8 1,085 1,057 1,056 1 1,060 297.2 303.8 309.3 291.6 23**5 2*0.3 2**.l 229.2 9*.8 103.1 1*2.5 136.7 13**9 1*3.7 100.7 95*7 128.6 137.8 128.0 130.* 153.3 112.7 10*.0 105.* 93.8 96.6 96.* 129.* 130.1 130.5 126. 1 1 95.6 286.* 286.2 186.6 18*.* 28*.9 283.7 189.7 187.3 28.6 22.2 26.7 27.* 27.3 22.3 21.7 23.5 76.6 92*1 73.8 90.7 93.5 96.7 79.* 75.3 210.0 206.1 202.8 203.5 1*3.* 137.* 138.3 13*.* 95*2 99*2 95*2 96.* 131.5 129.9 13**5 130.1 8* 88 80 78 76 85 83 77 26.6 26.5 26.8 25.6 ?3.8 2*. 2 23*9 23.1 *1.8 *0.8 *0.9 38.# *1.7 38.7 39*5 39.5 11.8 11.8 12.0 10.0 12.1 10.1 10.3 10.5 4.8 *.8 *.0 *.6 *.0 5.3 7*1 6.3 1,188 1,208 1,217 1 , 21* 1,309 1,091 1,112 1,123 156.0 157.8 159.7 171*2 1**.9 1*6.8 1*9.0 160.2 537*5 5*8.* 556.2 599*1 506.8 517*6 526.7 567.3 228.7 229.5 230.0 250.1 209.2 209.7 210.0 230.3 86.1 87.6 75.8 78.8 89.1 77.6 89.3 52.6 52.8 61.0 **.8 53*2 52.3 **.7 B 3 125.0 126.9 130.8 129.9 1*0.3 109*9 113.8 113*3 for d e fin itio n s . - Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries - Continued (In thousands) Production workers A]1 employees Industry group and industry Apr. 1952 APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS.................................................... Men’s and boys' suits and coats.... Hen's and boys' furnishings and work clothing.......... ................ Women's outerwear.................. Women's, children's under garments.. Millinery.......................... Children's outerwear............... Pur goods and miscellaneous apparel.. Other fabricated textile products... LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE)................................................ Logging camps and contractors...... Sawmills and planing mills......... Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products.......... Wooden coniainers.................. Miscellaneous wood products........ FURNITURE AND FIXTURES. Household furniture......... Other furniture and fixtures. PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills... Paperboard containers and boxes.... Other paper and allied products.... PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES................................................ 1,113 Mar. 19^2 1,170 Feb. Apr. 1952 .1952 1952 1951 1,172 1,168 993 1,049 1,052 1,047 141.2 152.0 120.0 126.5 127.5 138.2 258.8 308.2 101.7 21.6 256.5 251.9 3W*.7 280.2 238.9 273.7 238.1 232.7 261.1 305.8 101.9 25.9 101.1 301.5 105.7 25.5 308.8 91.2 22.8 88.1 89.5 3**1 .0 69.6 69.8 91.6 92.0 20.0 65. 1* 19.1 23.5 63.5 9**.9 73.2 61*.8 84.1 li*0.5 11*6.0 11*8.6 11*8 .1 739 735 733 59.8 U38.0 62.1 61.1 1*30.8 1*29.0 106.6 105.3 105.3 76.5 75.0 59-7 76.1 60.6 60.6 58.8 61*.0 78.7 267. 1* 94.9 17.5 59.5 117.6 76.8 123.2 126.0 83.1 125. 1* 815 676 670 668 752 70.3 1*73.7 55.6 406.4 57.7 398.1 56.9 396.1* W*2.5 123.1* 91.3 82.5 64.8 69.1 53-5 90.0 70.1* 54.2 89.8 70.8 51*.1* 66.5 107.7 76.3 58.5 339 3M* 31*5 366 291 296 296 317 233.6 105.7 236.9 107.4 236.1* 256.0 201*.9 208.0 207.1* 226.8 108.2 109.5 1*76 1*82 1*82 500 399 1*03 1*01* 1*27 21*1.3 126.5 21*5.8 246.1* 126.8 108.3 21*5.5 139.1 H5.7 206.3 IO5.2 87.2 210.2 210.2 212 .1* 105.5 87.6 105.7 765 757 506 508 507 510 303.5 297.1 151.8 151.7 35.2 150.6 1*9.1 151.8 35-1 35-7 1*1.3 30.6 108.2 761 127.5 108.if ! 763 301.8 302.1* 5^.3 54.5 51.4 Apr. 1951 11*0.7 Periodicals............ ............ Books.............................. Commercial printing................ Lithographing............... ...... Other printing and publishing...... Industrial inorganic chemicals.... Industrial organic chemicals..... . Drugs and medicines............... Paints, pigments, and fillers..... Pert ilizers....................... Vegetable and animal oils and fats. Other chemicals and allied products Apr. 1952 133.5 Newspapers........................... CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. Mar. Feb. 51.3 202.5 i 203.7 40.1 ! 1*0.2 111.0 j 110.7 75^ 8 5 .O 222.6 110.3 75.2 1*2.9 51.6 168.2 ■51*.6 51.6 52.8 86.2 87.8 35-5 36.0 86.8 87.3 87.5 71*9 83.5 227.1 81.0 60.8 228.1 221*.2 162.9 109.1 105.3 76.3 71.2 1*7.8 1*0.7 110 .1* 75.3 71*.8 1*2 .2 38.8 1*0 .1 47.7 35.3 5^.1 56.9 51.7 38.1 168.3 168.0 170.6 111*.2 35.1* 167.9 759 83.1* 95.4 30.6 761 530 118.7 30.9 166.7 201*.8 166.0 87.1 88.0 90.5 36.2 166. 1* 203.9 39.9 111.3 112.2 88.1* 36.0 32.2 538 538 538 60.9 167.8 61.0 168. 1* 168. 1* 71A 34.7 lll*.l* 70.6 1*8.0 31.5 1*1*.0 Hi*.2 59.2 69.7 1*9.8 33.1* 1*0.3 117.0 19 Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries - Continued (in thousands) All employees Industry group and industry Mar, 1952 Feb. 1952 Apr. Apr. 1952 1952 Mar. 1952 Feb. 1952 Apr. 1951 272 268 267 258 197 194 193 194 220.6 22.5 28.7 216.9 22.5 217.1 205.7 21.5 30.7 155.1 19.1 152.3 152.6 18.8 21.6 150.2 18.6 2l*.8 268 270 269 270 213 216 215 219 120.0 27.6 120.2 119.3 29.9 119.1* 30.3 119.6 111.7 30.3 128. 1* 375 381* 382 392 335 343 43.5 240.5 91.0 44. 3 245. 4 ¥*.5 21*4.1 93.2 1*9.1 21*7.1* 95.9 39.2 216.5 79.6 221.6 81.9 220.6 81.6 221*. 9 528 138.0 1*2. 1* 559 451 122.5 35.8 79.3 449 121.0 36.2 78.0 447 483 119.8 36.1 78.0 132.0 49.1 79.2 84.6 55.2 85.4 Apr. PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL........... Petroleum refining................. Other petroleum and coal products... RUBBER PRODUCTS...................................... Tires and inner tubes.............. Other rubber products.............. LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS............... Footwear (except rubber)........... Other leather products............. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS......... Glass and glass products........... Structural clay products........... Pottery and related products....... Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Other stone, clay, and glass products. PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES...................... Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..................... Iron and steel foundries........... Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals................. Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals................. Nonferrous foundries............... Other primary metal industries..... FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)......... . Tin cans and other tinware......... Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware... Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers' supplies............ Fabricated structural metal products . Metal stamping, coating, and engraving......................... Other fabricated metal products.... 20 Production workers 28.1 120.8 93.9 533 531 140.9 lt-2.2 139.4 1*2.5 87.5 54.3 97.0 110.3 89.0 54.2 97.5 109.1 1,340 1,350 22.2 27.6 87.3 5^.7 96.2 109.6 1,35^ 11*8.8 1*2. 1* 89.7 61.0 100.5 116.1 1,344 22.6 94.2 22.0 96.9 48.5 80.8 84.0 1,146 19.2 22.1 93.9 94.2 97.7 24.7 96.3 21*.2 39.7 48.5 80.4 85.0 1,154 342 4o.o 1,160 1951 87. 1* 2l*.8 106.3 353 44.4 84.1 36.3 81.7 92.8 1,161 271.0 659.2 275.0 644.8 282.6 559.9 239.3 566.8 239.2 570.2 243.4 561.6 271.5 56.9 56.7 56.9 56. 1* 47.4 47.3 47.5 1*7.2 100.6 100.6 112.6 103.1 110.9 11*6.5 82.3 95.2 82.2 151.5 99.9 111.7 151.5 121.6 93.6 124.4 81.4 93.0 124.7 84.9 93.3 122.5 991 991 989 807 807 807 859 46.9 149.0 ^5.5 148.4 150.6 165.0 122.9 122.3 39.8 38.7 124.6 43.1 140.3 144.1 243.3 144.8 21*3.6 144.9 21*1.9 161.6 228.1 114.5 115.2 115.5 132.8 174.3 233.8 172.9 235.9 171.0 236.2 192.6 236. 1* 145.4 193.8 648.1 114.4 148.9 656.8 44.4 1,033 1*9.4 41.1 188.8 189.5 188.2 144.7 195.8 143.8 196.3 251.5 177.7 166.4 198.3 Industry Data Table 3: All Employees and Production Workers in Mining and Manufacturing Industries - Continued (In thousands) Production workers All employees Industry group and industry MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)............... Engines and turbines................ Agricultural machinery and tractors.. Construction and mining machinery.... Metalworking machinery.............. Special-industry machinery (except metalworking machinery)............ General industrial machinery .......... Office and store machines and devices Service-industry and household machines Miscellaneous machinery parts...... ELECTRICAL MACHINERY............................. Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus................. ........ Electrical equipment for vehicles... Communication equipment............ Electrical appliances, lamps, and miscellaneous products............ TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT...................... Automobiles..................... . Aircraft and parts................. Aircraft................. ......... Aircraft engines and parts........ Aircraft propellers and parts..... Other aircraft parts and equipment. .. Ship and boat building and repairing. Ship building and repairing........ Boat building and repairing....... Railroad equipment................. Other transportation equipment..... INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS....... Ophthalmic goods.................. . Photographic apparatus............. Matches and clocks................. Professional and scientific instruments....................... MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTUR IN6 INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware. . Toys and sporting goods...... ..... Costume jewelry, buttons, notions... Other miscellaneous manufacturing industries........................ Apr. 1952 1,652 Mar. 1952 1,655 Tmb. 1952 1,655 Apr. 1951 1,592 Apr. 1952 1,27* 100.3 100.V 100.5 88.8 190.9 132.3 193.1 133.0 312.5 185.9 133.6 312.6 311.8 117.0 287.0 1*5.2 101.6 2*8.2 192.5 2*1.6 19*.0 191.8 197.1 1**.3 226.8 107.8 107.V 172.3 171.* 107.7 170.5 172.2 89.* 206.8 967 185.9 206.* 961 2*3.2 6 .* 11.3 36*.o 367.3 138.9 139.7 1,621 805.1 589A 393.9 120.V 13.5 61.6 1VV.2 126.6 1,596 782.* 585.2 389.9 120.6 13.2 61.5 323 28.0 7*.9 1*9.9 2*8.5 100.8 2*8.5 1*5.8 1*5.* 101.8 718 380.9 82.3 365.0 80.8 272.1 27*.6 266.* 273.* 261.5 112.* 123.6 366.5 139.8 1,58* 776.9 581.0 386.6 120. V 12.9 3*3.6 268.3 65.3 273.3 151.9 111.1 112.0 1,520 913.9 *15.9 281.7 81.1 10.2 15.1 11.2 319 6k.1 1*.8 11.9 295 1,283 661.8 *28.6 288.3 83.7 9.6 *7.0 1,263 639.2 *27.* 286.9 8*.3 60.8 1*.* 13.5 13.2 55.5 10.0 9.0 235 9-3 23* 22.5 *61 500 380 53.7 29*.7 293.9 9.* 233 221 *2.8 30.2 29.2 135.8 135.8 125.7 381 381 *22 37-1 23.1 69.* **.9 37.* 57.3 *5.5 2*0.7 2*0.* 255.7 5*.9 36.9 59.7 58.6 5*.5 293.2 305.6 2*0.7 *2.5 60.5 22.3 **.7 78.9 60.8 67.0 77*.1 309.3 211.3 57.1 7 .* m *62 *6.2 1,2*3 m 81.1 136.7 5.9 8*.3 66.1 122.* 108.9 173.* 68.6 *2*.3 283.7 160.1 111.8 191.3 * 63*.0 9.2 *7.1 191.8 *5-5 69.5 51.2 1,251 *6.8 30.9 *61 66.1 126.2 35.8 193.1 166.* 111.7 127.6 **.9 30.5 27.* 89.2 9.* 22.5 *5.3 36.2 l**.l 727 28.0 58.6 3**5 36.6 132.5 723 70.1 27*8 150.0 16*.7 86.9 173.6 71* 75.7 6*.5 67.0 151.8 87.8 226.7 9*1 123.8 6^.9 1,239 970 138.9 320 7*.8 1*5.2 1951 16*. 3 126.2 11.1 1,281 Apr. 207.2 *2.9 15.9 1952 133.9 108.6 93.8 75.6 1,277 M . 103.3 179.7 199.2 61.1 17.6 1952 173.* 89.3 133.2 165.3 1*2.1 71> 10.8 2*2.1 7*. 6 Mar. *5.3 51.9 21 Industry Data Table 4: Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing Industries (In thou s a n d s ) 1952 Industry FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS: Meat packing, wholesale.................... Prepared meats,............................ Concentrated milk.......................... Ice cream and ices...................... . Flour and meal............................. Cane-sugar refining.............. . Beet sugar............................... Confectionery products..................... Malt liquors............. ..... ........ . Distilled liquors, except brandy........ . Apr. Mur. r*b. 16*.7 169.6 33.8 12.0 19.5 27.9 13.5 *.7 3*.0 11.5 18.0 172.7 3*.2 11.3 56.0 56.6 17.9 28.1 13.* *•3 58.3 59.1 17.5 1951 Apr. 159.* 33.8 12.9 19.1 17.7 27.7 27.0 13.3 *.7 13.8 5.* 57.5 16.* 19.2 60.5 56.8 60.6 TEXTILE-HILL PRODUCTS: Yarn mills, wool (except carpet), cotton and silk systems. ................. ,....... Cotton and rayon broad-woven fabrics ...... Woolen and worsted fabrics.... . Full-fashioned hosiery mills.... .......... Seamless hosiery mills...... ......... . Knit underwear mills....... ..... ...... Wool carpets, rugs, and carpet yarn......... Fur-felt hats and hat bodies............ . 99.1 377.1 71.0 100.6 382.7 7*.8 56.1 50.5 56.6 102.5 38*.2 81.2 56.7 51.2 51.7 30.6 30.8 7.* 30.2 30.9 7.9 111.7 397.8 10*, 3 65.9 30.3 30.8 35.7 38.3 8.* 8.9 APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS: Men’s dress shirts and nightwear. ........... Work shirts........ ............... . 78.* 11.5 75.7 11.2 101.2 103.5 26.5 10*.5 26.* 20.8 7.6 *3.2 18.3 21.2 7.6 *7.* 18.* 21.6 7.6 *8.3 38.6 38.2 37.3 **.0 3*. 5 33.7 2*.9 8.6 33-5 23.9 8.6 36.6 28.7 8.7 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES: Wood household furniture, except upholstered. Mattresses and bedsprings....... . ......... 87.6 13.0 78.6 11.9 25.6 i ) ! 118.7 28.5 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS: Plastic materials...... .............. ..... Synthetic rubber* t..... . Synthetic fibers........ ................... Soap and glycerin. . ,............. ........... STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS: Glass containers..... ...................... Pressed and blown glass, not elsewhere classified..... ........................... Brick and hollow tile....................... Sewer pipe.................................. See Explanatory Notes, section G, 22 26.3 8.7 18.6 22.3 ! j jI j 7.2 56.6 20.* Industry Dataj Table4: Production Workers in Selected Manufacturing Industries - Continued (In thousands) 1952 Industry Apr. Mar. Ftf>. 1*5.8 25-5 66.7 25.7 10.5 1*6.9 1*9.7 36.8 37.0 *1.5 21.1 1951 Apr. PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES: Gray-iron foundries........................ Malleable-iron foundries................... Steel foundries......... ......... ......... Primary copper, lead, and zinc.......... . Primary aluminum........................... Iron and steel forgings........... *........ Wire drawing............................... 26.5 163.7 27.7 *3.2 66.* 25.9 10.3 37.* *3.5 9.9 3*.0 *3.9 21.1 21.* 2*.6 35.2 36.* 6*.l 25.3 66.2 25.7 10.5 61.0 26.1 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT): Cutlery and edge tools..................... Hand tools, not elsewhere classified, files, hand saws, and saw blades............ . Hardware, not elsewhere classified......... Metal plumbing fixtures and fittings....... Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere classified.................. Structural and ornamental products......... Boiler shop products.................... . Metal stampings............................ 6k.7 25.O 63.5 25.* 25.5 38.7 73.5 31.* 73-7 73.9 7*.0 65.7 81.7 63.7 56.0 102.9 62.5 103.3 102.9 123.5 67.5 7*.* 66,2 67.6 7*.* 66.k 72.7 73.5 65.9 72.2 76.* 58.* 9*.7 *2.3 20.9 93.6 *8.9 *7.* *4.6 95.0 *2.3 21.0 93.0 *9.0 *7.5 *4.8 95.8 *2.5 21.0 91.7 *9.2 *8.0 *1.8 88.3 *1.0 21.2 102.6 *6.1 *6.3 168.0 170.9 170.8 171.1 *7-1 *7.1 *6.9 38.9 25.3 32.5 25.8 26.2 36.1 35.3 2*.7 32.1 13.7 13.7 13.9 ; 3*.* 66.5 63.0 MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL): Tractors................................... Farm machinery, except tractors............ Machine tools.............................. Metalworking machinery, not elsewhere classified................................ Cutting tools, jigs, fixtures, etc....... . Computing and related machines............. Typewriters,............................... Refrigeration machinery.................... Ball and roller bearings................... Machine shops......... .................... ELECTRICAL MACHINERY: Radios and related products................ Telephone and telegraph equipment and communication equipment, not elsewhere TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT: Locomotives and parts.... ............. . Railroad and streetcars.................... 66.0 63.3 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: L1 'L. 23 Employment and Payrolls Table 5s Indexes of Production Worker Employment and Weekly Payrolls in Manufacturing Industries (1947-1949 Average P e rio d A nnual av erag e: 1939............................................. 1 9 4 0 .......................................... 1941............................................. 1942............................................. 1943............................................. 1944............................................. 1945............................................. 1946............................................. 1947............................................. 1948............................................. 1949............................................. 1950............................................. 1951............................................... 1951 P ro d u c tio n -w o rk e r employment in d ex 1 / 66.2 71.2 87.9 103.9 121.4 29.9 34.0 49.3 72.2 99.0 102.8 104.0 97.9 103.4 87.8 81.2 102.8 93.8 99.2 105.4 97.7 105.1 97.2 111.2 129.2 106.6 106.6 106.0 105.0 105.6 128.5 104.2 105.7 126.4 128.4 130.9 129.8 129.8 132.9 105.1 104.3 104.4 103.2 103.6 103.5 102.8 1/ P ro d u c tio n -w o rk e r p a y - r o ll in d ex 2/ 118.1 105.8 1932 = 100) 130.0 129.5 128.1 129.8 130.4 131.0 131.4 127.8 R e p re se n ts number o f p ro d u c tio n and r e la te d w orkers in m an u factu rin g e x p re sse d as a p e rc e n ta g e o f average m onthly p ro d u c tio n w orker employment in 1947-1949 p e rio d . 2 / R e p re se n ts p ro d u c tio n w orker averag e w eekly p a y r o ll ex p resse d as p e rc e n ta g e o f averag e w eekly p a y r o ll fo r 1947-1949 p e rio d . A ggregate w eekly p a y r o ll fo r a l l m an u factu rin g i s d e riv e d by m u ltip ly in g g ro ss average w eekly e a rn in g s by p ro d u c tio n w orker em ploym ent. 2h Shipbuildin g Table 6: Em p lo yees in th e S h ip b u ild in g by Region an d R e p a irin g In d u stry \J (In thousaMa) R egion Ajr. 1952 Mar. ALL REGIONS.......... 259.6 258.5 P R I V A T E ................ 126.6 N A V Y .................... NORTH ATLANTIC..... P r iv a te ........................... Navy................................... SOUTH ATLANTIC..... P r iv a te ................. .. N avy................................. 19!51 Apr* Mar. 255.5 214.8 210.7 126.2 123.8 93.8 95.0 133.0 132.3 131.7 121.0 115.7 119.6 116.1 114.7 97.6 94.7 60.0 57.1 59.0 56.1 59.6 58.6 43.2 54.4 51.2 45.1 44.5 kk.B 37.5 36.6 20.1 19.6 24.9 20.2 24.6 14.6 22.9 14.2 22.4 25.0 . 43.5 6ULF: P r iv a te ........................... 18.8 18.9 17.8 17.1 16.6 PACIFIC..... ...... 62.4 64.3 63.4 52.0 51*8 P r iv a te ...................... N avy................................. 14.0 48.4 15.9 48.4 14.9 48.5 8.3 43.7 9.7 42.1 8.9 9.9 10.0 6.2 6.8 GREAT LAKES: P r iv a te ............................ INLAND: 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.2 P r iv a te ........................... 1 f The N orth A tla n tic re g io n in c lu d e s a l l y a rd s b o rd e rin g on th e A tla n tic in th e fo llo w in g S ta te s : C o n n e c tic u t, D elaw are, M aine, M aryland, M a ssa c h u se tts, New H am pshire, New J e r s e y , New York, P e n n sy lv a n ia , Rhode Is la n d , and V erm ont. The South A tla n tic re g io n in c lu d e s a l l y a rd s b o rd e rin g on th e A tla n tic in th e fo llo w in g S ta te s : F lo r id a , G eo rg ia , N o rth C a ro lin a , S outh C a ro lin a , and V ir g in ia . The G u lf re g io n in c lu d e s a l l y a rd s b o rd e rin g on th e G u lf o f Mexico in th e f o l low ing S ta te s : Alabama, F lo rid a , L o u isia n a , M is s is s ip p i, and T exas. The P a c if ic re g io n in c lu d e s a l l y a rd s in C a lif o r n ia , Oregon, and W ashington, The G reat Lakes re g io n in c lu d e s a l l y a rd s b o rd e rin g on th e G reat Lakes in th e fo llo w in g S ta te s : I l l i n o i s , M ichigan, M innesota, New Y ork, O hio, P e n n sy lv a n ia , and W isconsin. The In la n d re g io n in c lu d e s a l l o th e r y a rd s . 25 Federal Government Table 7: Federal Civilian Employment and Pay Rolls in All Areas and in Continental United States and Total Government Civilian Employment and Payrolls in the District of Columbia (In thousands) Employment (as of first of month) Area and branch -APE* A LL ■■1252- Payrolls (total for month) .1951 Feb. -Apr.i -APTt -1952 Mar, Tebt 19*51 _A^r± AREAS TOTAL FEDERAL............... Executive 1/............. . Defense agencies 2/...... Post Office Department 3/, Other agencies. •••• ......, Legislative............... Judicial..... ............ 2, 559.2 2,546.7 1 , 319.0 510.0 717.7 8.5 4.0 2,550.9 2,537.5 2.385.5 $842,330 $807,727 $801,375 $687,876 2.538.5 2,525.2 2.373.5 836,763 802,514 796,100 683,273 1.314.6 1, 308.8 1, 180.0 412,181 391,111 391,062 337,876 508.8 503.6 488.4 163,117 162,569 158,481 129,796 715.1 712.8 705.1 261,465 248,834 246,557 215,601 8.1 8.4 3,721 3,604 3,546 3,197 8.3 1,846 1,609 1,729 1,406 4.0 4.0 3.9 C 0 H T 1 N E N T AL U N I T E D S T A T E S 4/ TOTAL FEDERAL................... Executive 1/................ •. Defense agencies 2/......... Post Office Department 3/.... Other agencies........ ...... Legislative.••••..•••••••••••• Judicial.... ............. . DISTRICT OF 2. 368.4 1.198.5 507.9 662.0 8.5 3.9 2,373.5 2,362.9 2,219.9 790,763 759,261 755,244 648,017 2. 361.2 2,350.7 2, 208.0 785,240 754,089 750,014 643,454 1.195.3 1,192.2 1,059.7 379,183 360,239 361,775 310,605 506.6 501.5 486.6 162,439 161,893 157,824 129,310 659.3 657.0 661.7 243,618 231,957 230,415 203,539 8.4 8.1 3,721 3,604 3,546 3,197 8.3 1,802 3.8 1,568 1,684 1,366 3.9 3.9 COLUMBIA TOTAL GOVERNMENT.................. D. C. TOTAL 2, 380.8 GOVERNMENT. F E D E R A L 5/ . Executive 1/........... . Defense agencies 2/.... . Post Office Department 3/. Other agencies.... ....... Legislative......... •••••• Judicial.................. 273.3 272.7 273.0 20.6 252.7 252.1 243.0 87.1 8.0 147.9 8.4 .7 20.6 20.6 252.4 243.5 87.4 8.1 148.0 8.5 .7 243.4 87.1 8.0 148.3 8.3 .7 107,044 102,627 101,213 91.887 20.3 6,359 6,240 6,266 5,618 248.2 100,685 96,387 94,947 86,269 239.4 96,624 92,481 91,084 82,781 82.2 35,173 33,486 32,354 28,739 7.8 3,485 3,447 3,364 2,855 149.4 57,966 55,548 55,366 51,187 8.1 3,721 3,604 3,546 3,197 340 302 291 .7 317 268.5 Includes all executive agencies (except the Central Intelligence Agency), Government corporations, Federal Reserve Banks, and mixed-owner9hip banks of the Farm Credit Administration. Civilian employment in navy yards, arsenals, hospitals, and on force-account construction is included in total for executive agencies. 2/ Covers civilian employees of the Department of Defense (Secretary of Defense, Army, Navy, and Air Force), National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Canal Zone Government, Selective Service System, National Security Resources Board, National Security Council, and War Claims Commission. 3/ Includes Fourth Class Postmasters, excluded ~ - Covers only the from Federal total in Table 2. States and the Olstrlot of Colombia, 5/ Includes all Federal) civilian employment in Washington Standard Metropolitan area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia oountles)• 26 State Data Table 8: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, by State (In thousands) Total State Alabama ................................... Arizona .................................. Arkansas ................................. C a lifo rn ia ............................. C olorado.. . ........................... Connecticut ........................... Delaware.................................. D is tr ic t of Columbia .......... F lo rid a .................................. G e o rg ia .................................. Idaho ...................................... In d ia n a ................................... Iowa........................................ Kentucky................................. Louisiana .............................. Maryland ............................... Massachusetts ....................... Michigan ................................. M ississip p i ........................... M isso u ri................................. 1952 Anr * 1 663.2 189.6 301.8 3,536.1; 377.3 836.6 Mar. 1951 Apr. 660.1* 637.6 189.2 17U.6 300. 1* 313.1 3,536.0 3,14*0.3 378.2 367-7 81U.8 830.8 - - - 522.8 71*6.2 520.6 757.8 851.7 515.1* - 127.5 (I/ ) (?/ ) 619.5 513.1 - 136.0 3,196.9 1,281.2 622.5 1+91.2 - - 858.1* 130.7 (3/) (3/) 630. I 521.0 7 3 k .7 82+2.2 - 259.8 71*7.14 1,761.0 261.9 71*1*.1* 1,750.5 260.8 725.9 1,800.9 _ 8I 3.7 _ 810.1* 808.2 - - - Mining 1952 Apr. 1 Mar. 1951 Apr. (2/) 5.7 l*.l* 21.1* 12.3 6.2+ 33.9 10.1 (i/ ) (2/) 5.7 2+.2+ 21.9 11.7 6.2+ 31*.1+ 9.8 (1/) (2/) S*6 5.8 (I/ ) (3/) 2.9 5.9 (3/) (!/ ) 2.7 5.5 2+1*.8 12.2 2.8 17.6 57.2 26.3 .6 2.5 (2/) 21.2 12.5 6.2* 33.8 9.9 (1/) - 18.3 56.1 29.1 .5 3.0 (2/) - 16.7 - 18.3 57.0 29.2 .6 3.0 (£/) _ 16.6 - h .5 _ 16.5 - Contract Construction 1952 1951 Apr. Apr. I Mar. 35.6 ll* .l 19.14 193.7 27.7 l*l+.0 35.5 13.7 19.1 31.0 21.1 63.7 1*7.0 21.2+ 62+.2+ 2*5.3 13.7 23.9 22+8.1 32.1 2+0.8 21.3 68.2+ 2+7.6 10.9 9.2 (3/) (3/) 27.3 30.3 13.5 12+7.0 53.6 32. 2+ 36.0 - - - a / ) (3/) 35.2 31*. 1 9.8 55.0 59.5 - 36.1+ - 203.8 28.2 1*0.2 - 8.5 51.2 52.7 - 36.0 - 9.3 55.8 69.2 - 39.3 - 1,2U8.1» 11*9.5 327.2 58.6 161*.7 1,671.1* 163.7 1,235.3 11*1*.1 323.0 56.9 165.2 1,666.1 162.1* 1,212.3 12*6.2 323.1 56.1+ 170.9 1,682.1 157.8 8.9 10.9 (2/) 3.1 .2 2+.0 11+.2 8.9 11.3 (2/) 3.1 .2 3.9 n *.2 8.6 10.2+ (2/) 2.9 .2 3.8 11.7 58.7 10.8 16.3 5.5 5.7 80.8 1l*.l* 53.5 6.7 ll*.2 5.0 5.0 77.8 H+.3 58.7 10.5 17 M 2+.6 6.7 86.0 16.8 New York ................................ North C arolina ..................... North Dakotah / ...................... O h io ....................................... Oklahoma ................................ Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania ......................... Rhode Island ......................... South C a ro lin a ..................... South Dakota ......................... 5,818.0 97l*.7 112.5 5,807.1 969.1 109.3 5,763.6 952.5 110.7 11.7 3.1+ 1.1 26.5 1+1.9 1.1 171.7 (2/) 1.2 2.3 10.9 .8 26.3 2+2.2 1.1 173.9 (2/) 1.2 2.3 11.2+ 3.5 .8 (3/) I4C .9 217.6 79.3 6.1+ 201.6 76.9 5.2 231.8 63.5 7.5 179.3 (2/) T.3 2.2 Ttertnessee ............................... Texas ...................................... U tah........................................ Vermont ................................... V ir g in ia ................................ Washington ............................. West V ir g in ia ....................... W isconsin............................... Wyoming ................................. 11.2 117.9 111.2 1.2 23.5 2.9' (3/) 3.6 9.9 11.2+ 116.8 ll+ .l 1.2 23.5 2.9 121.1 3.5 10.0 11.7 109.0 12.9 1.1 22.7 2.8 122.7 3.6 9.6 Nebraska"................................ Nevada ..................................... New Hampshire......................... New Je rs e y .............................. New M exico............................. - - - 121.5 503.5 1*31.2 3,673.7 297.8 506.2 120.3 1+96.1+ 1+1*7.7 3,710.0 31^.5 1+78.8 120.0 780.0 2,131.1* 206.0 98.0 862.0 708.3 (3/) 1,01*5.1* 82.1 773.2 2,111*.2 201.0 98.0 85U .6 697.9 516.8 1,036.3 81.1 777.3 2,053.7 201.0 99.7 819.3 507.5 1*1*1*.6 3,680.3 298.8 510.2 702.0 526.6 1,01+9.8 79.6 3 *h I J k - 32.8 22+.2 157.3 18.0 52.6 6.1 1+6.8 157.0 9.7 2.7 62.6 llluO (3/) 242.7 5.6 - - 30.5 21.8 H+7.7 15.2+ 52.3 5.3 33.2 27.2 157.1 15.6 30. 2+ 5.8 1U+.5 163.8 8.0 2.6 58.9 1*1.7 13.9 I4I+.2 52.3 167.2 h .9 12.5 3.1 57 .? 1+5.2 17.7 U9.5 5.9 See footnotes at end of table. 27 State Data Table 8: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, by State - Continued State Alabama............................ Arizona............................ Connecticut .................... Delaware........................... D istrict of Columbia. . Georgia ............................ Illin o is .......................... Indiana ............................ Iowa................................ Kansas.............................. Louisiana ........................ Massachusetts ................ Michigan ......................... Minnesota......................... M ississippi.................... Missouri .......................... Nebraska ......................... Nevada ............................. New Hampshire ................ New Jersey ...................... New Mexico...................... New York .......................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota h / .............. Ohio................................. Oklahoma .......................... Oregon............................... Pennsylvania.................. Rhode Island .................. South Carolina .............. South Dakota.................. Tennessee........................ Texas ................................ Utah.................................. Vermont............................ V irginia.......................... West Virginia................. Wisconsin ....................... Wyoming............................ (in thousands) Manufacturing Trans, and Public U til. 1952 1951 1951 1952 Apr. | Mar. Apr. _ Apr. 1 Mar. Apr. 230.3 231.7 223.3 56.1+ 56.7 51+.2 18.1* 20.8 20.6 20,7 23.0 23.1 81.3 31.0 31.3 31.9 74.8 71*.1 3iU.0 322.2 316.6 934.3 92l*.l 860.6 60.6 62.0 1*1+. 0 1+3.8 1+3.0 63.1* h2 .h 42.2 1+1.6 1*26.7 1*29.2 1*18.7 51.8 51.2 1*9.3 16.8 32.1 32.0 31.1 17.3 17.3 72.6 7U.2 70.8 111.1 113.1 107.7 301.0 72.1 72.1 71.8 300.0 302.9 17.0 16.8 17.2 22.6 19.2 18.3 298.9 (3/) 1,219.4 (i/) (l t ) (1/) 112.9 (I/) (1/) (I/) (?/) 600.2 167. 1+ 165.6 165.1 61.7 61.3 63.2 132.2 131.6 110.1 61+.3 63.8 63.8 59.0 59.1+ 59.5 145.5 11*6.3 150.9 84. 1* 8^.6 78.7 ll*2.6 11*1.7 11*3.4 112.1 111.6 106.9 19.1 19.1 19.0 252.1 255.1 245.6 73.9 75.7 71.7 121.1 120.3 128.2 707.lt 717.1 747.8 1 , 156.8 (I/) 1,053.6 205.8 91.8 89.5 89.2 205.6 203.3 25.3 25.6 26. 14. 9k .8 93.0 95.2 128.2 126 .ii 127.7 383.6 383.2 373.1 18 .k 22.5 22.3 22.3 16.7 17.1* 1+2. 1+ 1*2.1 1+3.5 58.6 53.7 58.9 8.6 3.6 8.7 8.7 3.7 3.7 81.1* 84.5 10.2 10.2 10.5 79.5 131+.8 11+0.9 139.8 760.7 765.3 774.5 13.6 11*.6 17.7 17.7 17.1 11*. 1* 1,931.2 1,975.8 1,915.6 50U.7 507.1 508.7 61.0 60.9 58.8 4L5-5 1*17.3 1*23.4 6.0 5.8 13.7 13.3 13.8 5-9 222.3 229.1 ( 3/) 1,273.0 1, 272.8 1, 287.8 77.7 71.4 1+9.5 1+9.1 49.3 77.1* 1+6.5 1+6.8 48.0 139.7 132.6 11*1.3 353.6 353.1 350.8 1,1*57.7 1,1*75.1 1,518.9 16.U 16. k 16.1 141.6 11*5.1 159.7 216.7 216.3 217.2 27.9 28.0 27.9 10.8 10.6 10.8 11 . 1* 11.2 11.3 262.8 263.O 264.0 61.5 61.2 61.1 227.0 228.7 219.9 1*13.9 1*11*.6 391.1 22.1 22.0 21.8 30.2 28.9 29.1* 40.2 38.8 8.5 8. 1* 8,8 38-5 83.8 81+.1+ 80.4 21*3.8 21*1*.1* 231.8 65.3 65.0 65.8 185.9 182.7 183*3 (3/) 52.9 53-8 (3/) 131*. 3 K*0.2 75.2 71+.3 77.0 1*55.7 1*51.1 456.3 15.8 15.7 15.7 6.2 5.6 6.3 See fo o tn o tes at end of t a b l e . 28 - — - Trade 1952 Apr - 1 Mar. 127.1 123.5 1+7.3 46.9 71.3 70.7 819.5 816.0 91+.9 94.2 137.7 134.7 96.2 95.4 221.5 226.7 185.5 181.9 32.9 32.6 (V) (10 (3/) (2/) 173.5 171.2 - 122.5 112.6 150.7 47.7 145.9 359.6 121.2 111.6 _ _ 206.6 - 33.8.2 36.6 90.2 11.6 27.3 267.0 38.1 1 , 252.4 1,231.4 184.9 180.8 37.4 36.3 561.2 554.8 125.6 124.5 103.0 99-8 681.7 671.4 53.4 52.0 91.3 89.6 34.9 34.6 179.7 176.5 567.1 552.2 45.6 43.9 17.6 17.4 184.5 181.2 156.8 154.2 (I/) 86.3 215.6 212.5 16.1 119.6 116.0 149.3 148.3 47.2 1*8.7 146.2 143.7 353.6 362.5 206.5 321.5 37.2 91.4 12.5 27.7 273.7 38.8 1951 Apr. 124.7 1*4.1 72.6 796.1 93.5 132.5 93.5 217.2 179.3 33.8 680.0 238.8 170.9 16.3 _ 206.0 - 308.2 36.8 92.2 11.3 27.9 271.6 35.9 1,249.0 176.5 35.6 (3/) 125.1 101.8 672.4 54.9 86.2 36.2 171.5 51*2.7 1*4.7 17.5 172.1 159.0 85.2 216.1 16.3 State Data Table 8: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, by State - Continued (in thousands) S e rvice Finance Sta te 1952 Apr. 1 Mar. 19.6 6.2 8.0 Delaware.................................... 163.2 15 A 38.7 _ New Je rs e y ............................... New Mexico............... New York................ . North C a r o lin a ...................... ................... North Dakota . Ohio .......................................... Oklahoma.................................. Oregon................. . Pennsylvania ............ . Rhode Islan d ........................... South C arolina .. ......... South Dakota .................. . 38.3 - 23.0 32.0 36.8 22.3 31.1 26.1* 3.6 (3/) (3/) 2I+.7 18.1 UU.8 22.0 6.7 3.7 11*5.9 3U.8 11+.6 (3/) 23.6 81+.0 80.6 63.7 1*9.0 61.7 70.5 2U .7 79.2 195.3 37.5 7.6 5h.6 k.5 16.1+ 1.3 U.7 59.8 h .3 i+06.9 2li.3 3.6 85.2 18.8 15 A 122.k 11.3 10.2 k .3 88.3 6.6 3.0 28.6 26.7 (3/) 5h.O 2.1 1/ Mining combined w ith construction, 2/ Mining combined w ith s e rv ic e . 3/ Not a v a ila b le . — 15.0 55.0 53.7 28.9 28.0 24.8 35.8 36.7 36.5 1*57.8 455-5 435.1 44.2 1*7.5 47.7 78.6 79.7 78.9 _ _ _ 60.6 59.5 58.7 114.3 116.5 113.7 83.2 81.4 77.8 3.7 (3/) (3/) 2C .9 18.8 15.3 21.9 6.8 2U.3 Texas........ ........... U ta h ..................... ......... 7.9 162.8 32.0 - 37 A 7.6 5U.5 1*.1+ 16.3 1.3 30.1 _ 1.2 k.5 23.9 3.6 814.2 18.8 15.1+ 121.7 11.1 10.1 4.2 21+.1 86.1* 6.5 3.0 28.1+ 26.3 9.1* 33.9 2.0 14.6 (3/) (I/) 62.9 48.0 58.8 69.4 23.6 75.1 190.5 14.4 338.2 90.4 65.7 47.8 60.8 70.7 24.7 75.6 193.2 _ 97.1 145.0 H+2.9 139.0 18.it 17.7 18.2 38.6 38.6 37.9 12.0 11.7 12.3 16.8 16.3 16.5 168.1 161+.1 165.9 22.0 22.ii 22.2 16.3 58.9 5.1 k.3 _ 98.1 - 36.5 7.1* 53.3 1+.2 k.7 1*03.6 d/) 16.3 15.6 20.2 6.7 58.7 Government 1951 Apr. 56.1 18.3 5.5 7.9 158.7 U+.2 28.5 - Nebraska.................. ................ Nevada ..................................... 6.2 23.3 31.9 28.6 32.2 83.8 Mississippi .............. 19.5 IQ Apr- [ lia r. 1Q51 Apr. 399.2 22.3 3.8 (3/) 15.3 789.7 86.7 13.0 54.6 47-9 354.8 23.9 38.5 16.3 15.0 117.9 10.9 9.8 k .o 97.7 116.9 37.6 54.2 620.1 75.9 67.4 11.0 273.3 124.4 137.6 117.1 37.6 54.4 617.7 75.8 67.3 10.9 272.8 124.2 137.1 32.6 ( I/ ) 1*1.5 93.7 10.1 92.1* 9.8 19.8 11.0 7k.9 79.9 75.5 78.1* 1*0.9 93.0 8.7 131.9 235-8 120.3 67.9 147.7 27.7 63.4 11.8 20.2 188.4 37.2 228.7 118.5 66.2 143.7 27.1 61.2 11.8 19.8 181.6 35.6 673.8 117.8 63.6 11.9 20.2 I89.5 37.3 117.4 316.0 57.7 15.5 159.0 145.0 57.2 124.9 16.2 H.3 10.7 269.8 119.2 236.2 121.1 67.8 147.9 27.8 76.0 21+1.2 20.0 65.8 138.3 99.0 80.0 84.8 99.8 40.2 100.9 219.4 699.8 119.7 31.2 75.2 236.1 110.5 35.7 53-3 590.7 70.3 26.5 336.2 142.6 101.1 81.8 88.1 102.5 44.1 106.1 232.3 703.8 119.6 31.3 321.4 106.6 66.8 381.0 34.2 71.8 35.8 76.3 21^.2 20.0 11.1 76.2 81.7 1951 _ Anr. 26.6 337.8 142.7 101.1 81.8 88.2 102.8 44.3 106.1 234.3 776.9 77l*.l 86.2 86.7 12.8 12.9 51*.2 52.3 1+7.0 1+8.3 350.2 351.3 23.8 21*.7 37.1 36.9 15.0 16.5 23.9 79.5 6.1* 3.0 27.6 26.6 9.6 1.8 1952 .Apr^._L Mar. 25.3 322.8 30.6 320.6 308.2 106.8 66.7 380.7 34.0 71.8 35.6 101.9 117.3 315.6 57.5 15.5 158.9 145.2 57.4 124.5 16.2 116.8 303.1 54.2 15.1 64.7 362.3 32.6 68.9 34.8 152.0 140.9 56.5 121.7 16.0 Revised s e rie s ; not s t r ic t ly comparable w ith p revio u sly published data. 5/ See footnote 5, ta b le 7, fo r explanatory note on government# b j 29 Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas (in thousands) Area ALABAMA Birmingham Mining............................. Manufacturing............... Mobile Manufacturing. . . . . . . . ARIZONA Phoenix Total............. ................ Mining........ ................... Contract Construction, Manufacturing............... Trans, and Pub. U til., Trade............................. . Finance Service........................... Government..................... Tucson T o tal* .............. Mining............................. Contract Construction* Manufacturing............... Trans, and Pub. U til., Trade.............................., Finance.......................... Service........................... Government..................... ARKANSAS L ittle Rock-N. L ittle Rock Total Contract Construction, Manufacturing................ Trans, and Pub. U til., trade............................... Finance...................... Service 1/ .......... . •'jov'srnnent.................... CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Total Mining........................... Contract Construction, Manufacturing................ Trans, and Pub. U til., Trade.............. ............... Finance*........................ Service........................... Government..................... Number of Bnployees 1952 1951 Apr, | Mar. Apr. Sacramento 15.7 15.8 16.0 57.5 San Diego 17.1 16.8 San Francisco-Oakland 89.2 89.0 .2 14.1 9.6 25.5 4.2 11.9 15.7 14.0 83.0 .1 8.0 10.6 60.8 60.8 17.6 .2 8.0 7.7 9.5 25.1 4.2 12.5 15.8 1*1.9 1.6 3.7 3.3 5.4 9.4 1*2.0 1.6 7.1 7.0 1.2 10.2 3.5 3.4 5.4 9.3 1.2 10.6 9.7 24.1 3.6 11. 1* 15.5 36.9 1.6 3.1 2.2 5.0 8.6 1.1 8.9 6.4 65.5 5.5 12.4 6.9 17.2 3.7 8.8 65.0 11.1 5.3 6.9 17.0 3.6 8.7 11.2 65.3 6. 1* 12. 1* 6.7 17.1 3.5 8.7 10.7 1651.5 15.5 89.6 557.5 118.7 367.5 76.2 229.2 197.5 161*9.0 15.5 90.3 555.0 119.7 366.6 76.1 228.5 197.3 1581*.!* 15.7 111.3 1*94.6 115.1 364.0 76.0 216.7 See footnotes at end of table. 30 Area 12 *ij. 191.0 San Jose Stockton Manufacturing..................... COLORADO Denver Contract Construction.... Trans, and Pub. Uti-t........ Finance................................. CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Contract Construction l / . Trans, and Pub. U til..... Service................................. Government........................... Hartford Contract Construction l / . Manufacturing* .................. Trans, and Pub. U til........ New Britain . Contract Construction l / . Number of Employees 1951 1<=>52 Apr. 1 Mar. ADr. 9.6 8.2 8.9 1*8.9 47.8 36.9 172.9 174.6 172.4 22.8 21.6 20.9 12.1 11.0 10.9 1.0 17.2 17.7 43.4 25.9 58.0 10.5 1.0 19.9 40.8 25.1 56.7 9.9 43.1 26.1 58.6 10.7 1.0 118.5 117.4 114.4 5.2 5.0 5.2 69.7 69.3 66.8 5.2 5.2 5.0 18.8 18.7 17.3 2.2 2.1 2.2 10.1 9.6 9.8 7.4 7.4 7.3 197.8 196.9 I 85.8 8.6 9.5 8.3 83.2 83.3 75.0 7.6 7.4 7.1 37.8 37.8' 36.5 24*1 2k.O 23.5 19.8 19.7 19.4 16.0 16.1 16.0 1*0.9 1.0 28.1 1.7 4.9 .5 2.5 2.2 41.1 .9 28.5 1.7 4.8 .5 2.5 2.2 41.3 1.0 28.9 1.4 4.8 .5 2.4 2.4 Area Data fable 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (In thousands) Area CONNECTICUT - Continued New Haven Total......................... ........... Contract Construction l/« Manufacturing................7.. Trans* and Pub. U til* .... Trade *................................... Finance................................. Service................................. Government........................... Stamford Total..................................... Contract Construction l/< Manufacturing..................... Trans, and Pub. U til...* . Trade.........•••••............... Finance............................ Service............................. Government. ..................„.., Waterbary Total. Contract Construction l/, Manufacturing................7. < Trans, and Pub. U til...., Trade.................................. . Finance............................... . Service............................... Government............... DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington T o ta l.............................. Contract Construction.... Manufactur ing..................... Trans. and Pub. U til...., Trade.................................... Finance....................•••••< Service 1 /........................... Government........................... FLORIDA Jacksonville Manufacturing..................... Trans, and Pub. U til,..., Trade............................. ...... Finance............................... , Service 1 / . ........................ Government....................... Miami Manufacturing.................... Trans, and Pub. U til.... Number of Employees 1951 Apr. 1 Mar. At>r. lll*.l 113.7 113.1 5.2 5.5 5.7 l*l*.l* 1*5.1 1*1*.2 12.7 12,8 13.1 20.8 20.6 21.2 5.2 5.0 h.9 17.8 17.6 17.3 7.2 7.3 7.1* 1*7.8 3.8 21.9 2.6 6.6 1 . 1* 6.2 3.3 68.* 2.3 1*1*.5 2.6 8.9 1.1 h.3 1+.6 1*7.1 3*h 22.0 2.5 8.5 1 . 1* 6.0 3.2 1*5.1* 3.0 21.2 2. 1* 8.3 1.3 5.9 3.1* 68.2 2.1 67.2 2.1 1*1*.7 W*. 7 2.7 8.8 1.1 1**3 J+.6 2.5 8.7 1.0 1*.0 !*.2 623.7 619.3 613.1 39.9 39.1 1*0.Jr 26. 1+ 2h .8 26. h bh .2 1*3.8 1*2.5 12h.O 122.8 120.7 30.8 30.1* 29.1 .75.1+ 7l*.3 76.2 263.0 282.5 279.5 18.0 15.1 31.6 6.0 11.8 18.1 15.2 31.6 U*.9 6.0 11.8 ll *.8 17.2 23.9 2h»h 18.0 16.9 15.3 30.5 5.9 11.7 l !*.2 Area Miami - Continued Trade............................... Finance............................ Service l / . . . . . . . . . . . . Government...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg T otal.. . . . . . . . . . . . T... 0ontract Cons truction. Manufacturing................ Tran3. and Pub. U til.. Trade............................... Finance........................... Service 1 /...................... Government...................... GEORGIA Atlanta Contract Construction.... Manufacturing...................... Number of Employees 25Z -19SL Apr. 1 Mar. ADr. 5i*.2 8.8 35.9 17.1 56.0 8.7 37.6 17.0 50.9 8.1 34.2 16.5 112.6 10.6 115.6 11.0 111.6 20.9 11.0 36.6 l*.l* 15.9 13.3 Contract Construction.... Manufacturing................... Trans, and Pub. U til........ ILLINOIS Davenport-Rock IslandMoline 15.3 21.8 Manufacturing • . . . . . . . . 11.7 21.0 10.7 35.6 h.h 15.1* 13.0 27I*.!* 31.3 15.3 71.9 31.6 ih .h 17.7 32.0 31.5 269.6 19.6 63.9 30.7 7U.8 16.1 33.2 31.3 1*8.2 3.7 li*.4 7.3 11. 1* 1.6 5.2 4.6 48.0 1*5.2 2.5 H*.3 7.4 9.9 1.4 5.2 1+.5 19.3 1.7 1.5 2.5 5.9 1.2 3.1 3.6 18.6 1.4 1.5 2.5 5.8 1.1 3.0 3.5 ( 2/) 2.3 1.5 2.5 U3.1» k}.k 1*3.0 276.5 16.2 72.1* 31.3 75.5 17.6 32.2 Savannah Contract Construction.... Manufacturing..................... 21.9 11.0 37.2 h.h 16.8 13.3 3.7 ll*.7 7.3 10.9 1.6 5.1 1*.7 6.1 1.2 3.0 (£/) See footnotes at end of table. 31 Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagrieultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (in thousands) Area ILLINOIS - Continued Peoria Manufacturing............. . Rockford Manufacturing.............. INDIANA Evansville Total..................... . Manufacturing............... Nonmanufacturing.......... Fort Wayne Total.......................... Manufacturing*............. Nonmanufacturing.......... Indianapolis Total.......................... Contract Construction... Manufacturing.............. Trans, and Pub. U til*... Trade.......................... Finance.................... . Other Nonmanufacturing.. IOWA Des Moines Manufacturing............... KANSAS Topeka “Total.......................... Mining........................ Contract Construction... Manufacturing.............. Trans, and Pub. U til.... Trade.......................... Finance....................... Service....................... Government................... Wichita Total.......................... Mining........................ Contract Construction... Manufacturing............... Trans, and Pub. U til.... Trade.......................... Finance....................... Service....................... Government................... Number of Employees 1952 Apr. 1 Mar. Apr. LOUISIANA Baton Rouge 2*8.6 1+8.9 1+7.5 1+1.0 1+0.9 1+0.5 New Orleans 66.1 35.9 30.2 65.1+ 35.3 63.2 MAINE 30.1 32.6 30.6 79.7 1+1.8 37.8 79*1* 1+2.0 37.5 77.9 1+1.1+ 36.5 Manufacturing............. Portland Contract Construction.... Manufacturing................ Manufacturing................ Trans, and Pub. U til..... 21.5 21.6 21.0 1*2.6 .2 2.5 5.1+ 7.7 9.2 2.0 1+.7 1+2.1 .2 2.2 5.1+ 7.8 9.0 1+2.3 .2 2.6 7.0 7.1+ 8.7 1.9 1+.5 10.i 1H+.3 2.0 5.6 51+.5 7.0 23.2 3.9 10.5 7.6 112.6 11.1 2.0 1+.6 11.0 1.9 5.3 53.7 7.0 23.0 3.9 10.3 7.6 MASSACHUSETTS Boston Fall River Manufacturing............... New Bedford Manufacturing................ Springfield-Holyoke 99.2 2.1 5.2 Worcester 1+1 . 1+ 6.7 22.9 3.8 MICHIGAN 10.0 7.2 Number of Baployees 1952 1951 Apr. | Mar. Apr. ( 2/) 18.1 1.5 17.6 1.? 1+6.1+ 1+5.9 1+7.0 1+7.8 2.9 11.8 5.8 13.5 2.9 7.5 3.1+ 1+7.1 2.7 11.9 5.8 13.2 2.9 7.2 3.1+ 1+7.1+ 2.5 11.8 5.7 13.6 2.8 7.6 3.1+ (J/) 270.6 268.9 271.3 10.2 9.7 13.9 111.5 112.1+ 113.2 MARYLAND 26.2 26.2 25.2 Baltimore 60.7 59.0 60.2 Total.-. . ....................... 11+.2 ll+.O 13.6 1+7.8 1+7.6 1+5.2 Contract Construction.... See footnotes at end of table. 32 Area 1951 Detroit 527.3 528.7 511.5 •1+ .1+ .5 38.0 35.6 36.8 193.3 196.6 187.1+ 55.3 57.1 53.1+ 102.3 102.1+ 101.0 25.0 21+.9 23.3 55.6 5l+. 3 53*9 57.1+ 57.1+ 55.2 302.5 301+.3 302. 1+ 27.2 28.1 32.3 31.7 32.6 36.8 75.3 75.9 76.2 51+.3 51+.1+ 56.0 (2/) 611.2 692.1 Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagrieultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (in thousands) Area MINNESOTA Duluth Contract Construction.... Manufacturing• Trans, and Pub. U til..... Trade .................................... Finance................................. Service l / . . . . . ......... Minneapolis Contract Construction.••• Manufactur ing...................... Trans, and Pub. U til..... Trade..................................... Government........................... St. Paul Total . . . • • ............••••••• Contract Construction*... Manufacturing...................... Trans, and Pub. U til..... Trade••••••••...................... MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City Mining................................... Contract Construction.... Finance. Government........................... St. Louis MONTANA Great Falls Manufacturing...................... Number of Employees 1951 1952 Aor. 1 Mar. Apr. 1+0.1 1.6 9.9 7.2 10.5 1 . 1* 5*5 3.9 251+.6 12.6 39.2 1.6 9.9 6.5 10.5 1 . 1+ 5.1+ 3.9 2+0.2 252+.8 257.2 14.6 72.8 25.6 73.1+ 25.1+ 73.8 17.0 28.8 23.5 12.3 73.2+ 25.6 71+.3 17.1 28.9 23.3 11+1 . 1+ 6.2 12+1.1 6.0 2+0.0 39.8 20.8 31+.3 8.8 15.3 16.3 8.2 8.1 30.0 273.9 275.9 2.7 2.5 6.8 10.2 1 . 2+ 5.3 y •J l+.i 75.3 16.5 28.7 23.5 Great Falls - Continued Service £ / ........................... NEBRASKA Omaha Total..................................... Contract Construction.... Manufacturing.............. Service l / . ......................... 2.7 2.5 Number of Employees 1952 1951 Apr. Apr. 1 Mar. 5.2+ 3.0 5.1+ 3.0 5.5 3.0 139.0 137.7 137.1 7.5 6.3 6.3 31.5 32.2 •c- 30.9 •J J*23.0 22.9 23.0 35.1+ 35.2+ 36. 2+ 9.9 10.1 10.0 17.5 16.9 17.1 12+.1 13.7 H+.3 NEVADA Reno Contract Construction.... Manufacturing 1 /................ Trans, and Pub. U til..... 12+3.7 7.0 2+1.6 NEWHAMPSHIRE 20.7 20.3 Manchester *5,1 3l+.2 8.7 'X 2+ Contract C onstruction.... 15.3 12+.8 Manufacturing...................... 16.3 16.2+ Trans, and Pub. U til..... 351+.2 351.8 .8 .8 17.9 16.9 106.6 105.6 2+3-1+ 2+3.2 97.0 96.7 19.6 19.7 38.9 38.9 30.0 1.9 10.5 Area 8.8 NEW JERSEY Newark-Jersey City 2+/ 32+2+.5 Manufacturing..................... .7 22+.2+ Paterson 2+/ 92+. 1 2+3.2 95.6 Perth Amboy 2+/ Manufactur ing...................... 19.3 38.2 29.0 Trenton Manufacturing............. 275.9 NEW MEXICO Albuquerque Contract Construction.... Manufacturing...................... 2.7 2.5 (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) 1.7 1.7 2.8 .5.0 .6 2+.5 .6 2+.6 39.9 2+0.1 1.2 21.0 2+1 .I+ 1.6 22.0 2+.2 2.6 2+.2 2.6 1.6 2+.2 2.6 360.8 361.2 366.9 163.8 165.8 162+.2 75.0 75.8 78.1+ 2+3.3 2+2.8 1+6.1 2+7 . 2+ 2+.8 2+7.0 2+.8 7.7 2+.7 2+6.9 1.3 20.5 2.3 7.3 1.7 7.6 2+.7 2.3 7.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.9 5.0 2.3 7.2 6.1 6.6 1+.7 See footnotes at end of table. 33 Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (in thousands) Number of Employees Area NEWMEXICO - Continued Albuquerque - Continued Trade,., . . . ................ Finance..................... Service 1/................. Government,................ NEWYORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Manufacturing............. Binghamton Manufacturing............. Buffalo Manufacturing............. Elmira Manufacturing............. Nassau and Suffolk Counties hj Manufacturing............. New York-Northeastern New Jersey Manufacturing............ New York City UJ Total........................ Mining....................... Contract Construction,, Manufacturing............. Trans^ and Pub. U til.,, Trade.-..................... Finance............. Service..................... Government............. . Rochester Manufacturing............. Syracuse Manufacturing. ........... Utlca-Rcme Manufacturing............. Westchester County U/ Manufacturing...... 7 ,... NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte Contract Construction,. Apr. I Mar. 12.2 2.3 9.1; 6. 1* 87.7 6.3 9.3 88.2 Apr. 11.9 2.7 6.3 8.6 85.2 39.1 39-5 38.6 203.3 205.7 200.8 Charlotte - Continued Manufacturing....... Trans, and Pub. Util. Trade.............. Finance....... . NORTH DAKOTA Fargo Manufacturing........ Trans, and Pub. Util. Trade............. . Finance............ Service............ Government...... 1732.1* 1776.7 172U.5 OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Total.............. Mining............. Contract Construction Manufactur ing....... Trans, and Pub. Util, Trade.......... .... Finance........... .. Service............. . Government......... . 3596. 3568.7 1.8 1, 90, 118.1 1036, 993.9 339. 339.0 823 , 837.0 336. 33U.1+ 556. 51*9.9 1*11 . 39U.7 Tulsa Total.............. , Mining......... . Contract Construction, Manufacturing........ Trans, and Pub. Util,, Trade.............. . Finance............ . Service........... . Government.......... . I 6.3 79.0 3575.9 1.7 95.1 995.0 339.1+ 832.7 339.it 559-1 1*13.5 16.3 78.8 106.0 106.1 59.8 60.0 See footnotes at end of talSLe, 3h 12.0 2.2 Area 1951 W+.o l*2*.o 1*8 . 1* 1*8.2 (2/) (2/) 16.8 62.5 Number of Employees 52. 1951 Apr Mar. Apr* 21.5 10.9 23.7 1*.7 21.7 11,0 21.2 10.6 1*.6 1**3 2,1 2,2 2.1 2,2 7.0 1.1 2,6 2,6 23.5 7.0 1.1 2.5 22.3 1.9 2.2 7.0 2.6 1.1 2.7 2.6 5.9 10.9 15.1+ 11.7 35.6 6.5 15.2 33.1 132.6 129.7 10.1 15.2 11.0 11.7 35.2 6.5 15.0 33.1 11,0 100.6 100.5 9.0 6.2 2l*.5 12.3 26.1 b. 6 12.1 5.7 97.2 13.0 61.0 29.6 12. 1* 60.1 59.5 30.1 57.6 15.2 58.2 59.1 100.8 102.1 IOI4.I 1*6.7 1*7.2 1*9.2 131^.0 8.9 6.3 2h.k 12.3 26,1 h.7 12.3 5.7 5.8 6.3 14.3 35.6 6.9 H*.l* 30.3 10.1 20. 1* 11.6 7.1* 25.3 U.5 12.3 5.6 106.5 OREGON Portland Contract Construction Manufacturing.......... 60.6 Trans, and Pub. U til. Trade..................... 1*3.5 PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem1*8.2 Easton Manufacturing.......... Erie (£/) Manufacturing.......... 30.8 Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (In thousands) Area PENNSYLVANIA - Continued Harrisburg Manufacturing. .................... Lancaster Manufacturing...................... Philadelphia Manufacturing.................., i Pittsburgh Mining................................... Manufacturing,................... Trans, and Pub. U til,.,.. Finance.............................. Reading Manufacturing.............. Scranton Manufacturing.•••••••••., Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton Manufacturing*..................* York 5/ Manufacturing...................... RHODE ISLAND Providence Total... . .............. . . . . . . . . Contract Construct!on.... Manufacturing...................... Trans, and Pub. U til........ Trade..................... ............. Finance................................ Service 1 /.......................... Government......................... . SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Manufacturing . , . ............ Trans, and Pub. U til........ Trade..................................... Columbia Manufacturing...................... Greenville Manufacturing...................... SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls Manufacturing...................... Number of Employees 12521951 . -ApL J&EL* 35.2 35.0 33.7 1+2,8 1*2.6 Lth.O 575.7 582.2 596.5 31- k 368,7 7k.2 28.0 31.6 33.5 372,2 372.1 7h.h 75.8 27.8 26,7 51.1 52,0 58.1 28.6 28,6 30.7 38.7 38.8 39.6 44.5 45.2 44.8 (?/) (2/> (?/) m (?/) (!/) (2/) (2/) 285.2 1J .6 Hub.2 300.0 13.5 148.3 10.6 21.3 29.7 160.5 13.6 9.*4 kM 10.6 9.5 k.5 10, 1+ 9.8 k .l 10.1 7.7 7.9 6.0 28,1+ 28.1^ 28.8 5.1 5.2 5.0 13.P 51.1 10.4 22.? 28 . 1, Area Sioux Falls - Continued Trade................................. Finance............................. Service 6/*................. TENNESSEE Chattanooga Mining............................ Manufacturing.............. Trans, and Pub. U til. Trade............................. Finance.......................... Service......................... Government.................... Knoxville Mining, Manufacturing.............. Trans, and Pub. U til, Trade•••••••••............ Finance........................ Service.......................... Government.................... Memphis Mining........................... Manufacturing.............. Trans, and Pub, U til. Trade..................... Finance...................... . Servi c e ........................ Government.................... Nashville Manufactur ing.............. Trans, and Pub. U til. Trade.................... Finance......................... Service......................... Government............... UTAH Salt Lake City Mining................................... Contract Construction..., Manufacturing..................... Trans, and Pub. U til. 7 /. Trade •••••.......................... Finance........................ Service,.............................. VERMONT Burlington Total........ Number of Employees , Apr, I Mar, .1951, Apr, 6.9 1.2 6.7 6.8 1,2 6.6 7.1 41.7 4.8 17.6 3.0 9.6 7.8 .2 .2 1*2.0 1+.8 ,2 1+3.0 1+.8 17.2 2.8 2,6 1+2.2 2.6 7.2 }.k 9.5 1*1.8 13.0 1*1.7 7.2 20.6 3.5 9.6 12.9 .3 15.6 1*8.5 7.9 22.2 20.5 .3 15.6 1*7.9 7.9 22. 1* 20.7 . 1* 1*1 . 1* 32.1 11.9 2k .l 6.3 13.8 13.5 11,8 23.6 6,2 33.0 13.7 13.5 35.6 11.5 23.9 6,0 ll+.O 13.1 6,2 6,0 13.0 5.1 H*.5 7.3 26.9 1*.9 12.9 7.5 H*.3 7.0 27.5 1+.8 13.0 15.3 15.5 16.0 22.1 1*1.2 6.3 5.7 li *,6 7.3 27.8 5.0 16.1+ 2.9 9.5 7.8 1+0.8 1.1 6.6 9.6 7.8 2.9 7.2 21.2 3.6 9.2 12.7 15.6 1*6.9 7.k 22, 1+ 18.1+ See footnotes at end of table. 35 Area Data Table 9: Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments by Industry Division, Selected Areas - Continued (in thousands) Area Number of Employees 1252. MSI Apr. f Mar ...A pr,. Area VERMONT - Continued Tacoma Burlington - Continued 5 J+ 6.0 Manufacturing...................... 5.0 Contract Construction... Manufacturing.................... Trans, and Pub. U til........ 1.1 1.1 1.1 1+.2 Trade........ ............................ Trans, and Pub. U til.,,. l+.l h.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 Service................................. Other Nonmanufacturing.,. 2.8 2.8 Finance......................, , , , . 2.9 WASHINGTON Seattle Total..................................... 266,6 265.1+ 259.1+ WEST VIRGINIA 13.0 12,2 Contract Construction.••, 13.1 Charleston Manufactunng •••••••••••. 72.9 73.3 67.7 27.6 27.6 Trans, and Pub. U til........ 27.3 66.8 67.2 Contract Construction.,, Trade........ ............................ 66.9 11+.8 Finance................................. 11+.7 H+.6 Manufac turi ng.................... Trans, and Pub, U til.,,, Service 1 /........................... 33.1+ 33.0 33.2 Government............................ 37.7 37.7 36.7 Spokane Government.......................... Total..................................... 66.7 61+.8 66.3 Contract Construction..,. l+.l 1+.9 3.3 Manufacturing..................... 13.5 13.3 13.2 WISCONSIN Trans, and Pub. U til........ 10.7 10.7 10.6 Milwaukee Trade..................................... 18.3 17.9 18.0 Finance.................................. 2.7 2.9 2.9 9.2 Service l / . . . . , ................ 9.5 9.1+ Racine Government.••••••.............. 7.7 7.1+ 7.7 l / Includes mining, 2/ Not available. 3/ Includes mining and finance, Ll/ Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey, 5/ Revised series; not stric tly comparable with previously published data* %/ Includes transportation and public u tilitie s , and government. 7/ Excludes interstate railroads. 36 Number of Employees 1951Apr a . Mar. Apr. 68. 1* 67.2 3.6 17.1 6.5 U+.7 2.5 6.7 17.3 3.3 16.6 6. 1+ 14.1+ 2.5 6.7 17.3 ( 2/) (y ) W) q /) Q /) ( 2/) 95.1 20.7 3.3 w q /) 197.8 24.8 27.1* 9.1 16.0 2.9 7.0 8.9 72.0 1+.1+ 18.7 6.5 H+.6 2. 1* 6.8 18.6 97.0 21.6 3.9 28.2 9.0 16.1 2.7 7.1 8.5 193.0 196.4 24.7 24.9 Explanatory Notes Section A. Purpose and Scope of the BLS Employment Statistics Program - Employment statistics for nomfarm industries presented in this monthly Report are part of the broad program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide timely, comprehensive, accurate and detailed infor mation for the use of businessmen, government officials, legislators, labor unions, research workers and the general public* Current employment statistics furnish a basic indicator of changes in economic activity in various sectors of the economy and are widely used in following business developments and in making decisions in fields of marketing, personnel, plant location and government policy. The BLS employment statistics pro gram, providing data used in making official indexes of production, productivity and national Income, forms an important part of the Federal statistical system. The BIS publishes monthly the national total of employees in nonagricultural establishments, giving totals by 8 major Industrial groups: manufacturing, mining, contract construction, transportation and public utilities, trade, finance, service, and government. Series on "all employees" and "production and related workers" are presented for the du rable goods and nondurable goods subdivisions of manufacturing, 21 major industry groups in manufacturing, over 100 separate manufacturing indus tries; all employees and production workers are presented also for selected mining industries. "All employees" only are published for over kO Industry groups in contract construction, transportation and public utilities, trade, finance, service, and government. Statistics on the number and proportion of women employees in manufacturing industries are published quarterly. In addition, the Bureau of Labor Statistics pub lishes monthly employment data by Industry division for State and local areas, compiled by cooperating State agencies. Current national, state, and area statistics are published monthly in the Employment and Payrolls Report. Employment data for thirteen months are presented in the Current Statistics Section of each issue of the Monthly Labor Beview. Historical data are also presented in the BLS Handbook of Labor Statistics (1950 edition). Summary tables showing national data for prior months and years may be obtained by writing to the BLS Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics. Similar information is available for States and areas. A detailed expla nation of the technique of preparing employment statistics is presented in the Monthly Labor Beview, January 1950 and in BIS Bulletin No. 993, Techniques of Preparing Major BLS Statistical Series. 37 Section B. Definition of Employment - BLS employment statistics represent the number of persons employed in establishments in nonagricultural industries in the continen tal United States during a specified payroll period. Employment data for nongovernmental establishments refer to persons who worked during, or re ceived pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Current data for Federal government establishments generally refer to persons who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the last pay period of the previous month; for state and local government, persons who received pay for any part of the pay period ending on, or immediately prior tOj the last day of the current month. Employed persons include those who are working full- or parttime, on a temporary or permanent basis. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick-leave, paid holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a peart of a specified pay period and are unemployed or on strike during the other part of the period are considered employed. Persons on the payroll of more than one establishment during the pay period are counted each time reported. On the other hand, persons who are laid off or are on leave without pay, who are on strike for the entire pay period, or who are hired but do not report to work during the pay period are not considered employed. Slnee proprietors, self-employed persons, and unpaid family workers do not have the status of "employee", they Eire not covered by BLS reports. Persons working as farm workers or as domes tic workers in households are not within the scope of data for nonagricul tural establishments. Government employment statistics refer to civilian employees only and hence exclude members of the Armed Forces. Section C. Method of Preparing Employment Series - The BLS prepares monthly employment figures from statistical reports voluntarily furnished by a group of establishments and from indus try benchmark data, i.e. a complete count of employees generally compiled from establishment reports required in the administration of the unemploy ment insurance and old age and survivors insurance programs. Based on establishment reports, employment statistics are prepared for numerous in dustry classifications. Monthly employment data for each Industry are collected and prepared from these sources according to the methods out lined in the following sections. Section D. Collection of Establishment Reports - The BLS, with the cooperation of State agencies, collects current employment information for most Industries by means of question naires (BIS 790 Forms) mailed monthly to individual, establishments. State agencies mall most of the forms and when returned, examine them for 38 Section D. Collection of Establishment Reports (Continued) consistency, accuracy and completeness. States use the information to prepare State and area series and send the schedules to the BLS Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics for use in preparing the national series. Each questionnaire provides space for reporting data for December of the previous year and each month of the calendar year j the same form is returned each month to the reporting establishment to be completed. Definitions of terms are described in detail in the instructions on each form. This type of "shuttle" schedule is designed to assist firms to re port consistently, accurately and with a minimum of cost. An establishment is defined as a single physical location, such as a factory, mine, or store where business is conducted. In the case of a company with several plants or establishments, the BLS endeavors to obtain separate re ports from each business imit which maintains separate payroll records since each may be classified in a different industry. Section. E. Coverage of Eatabliahaent Reports - The Bureau of Labor Statistics obtains monthly reports from approximately 150,000 establishments, distributed by industry as shown by the table below. The table also shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establish ments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within th© divisions may vary from the proportions shown. APPROXIMATE SIZE AND COVERAGE OF MONTHLY SAMPLE USED IN BLS EMPLOYMENT AND PAYROLL STATISTICS Division or industry Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities: Interstate railroads (ICC) Other transportation and public utilities (BLS) Trade Finance Service: Hotels Laundries and cleaning and dyeing plants Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission) State and local (Bureau of Census quarterly) Employees : Number : of Number in :Percent sample ::of total :establishments 19,500 1*2,000 502,000 776,000 10,660,000 55 — 1 ,1*06,000 96 13,000 58,500 9,200 1 ,3*1,000 *9 1,765,000 U-39,000 18 23 1,300 139,000 29 2,200 99,000 19 — 2 ,336,000 100 — 2,61*5,000 65 3,300 28 66 39 Section P. Classification of Establishments Reports - To present meaningful tabulations of employment data, establishments are classified Into industries an the basis of the princi pal product or activity determined from information, on annual sales volume for a recent year. In the case of an establishment making more than one product, the entire employment of the plant is included under the industry indicated by the most important product. The titles and descriptions of industries presented in the 19^5 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Vol. I: (U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.) are used for classifying reports from manufacturing establishments; the 19^2 Industrial Classification Code, (U. S. Social Security Board) for reports from ncarmanufacturing establishments. Section G. Benchmark Data Basic sources of benchmark Information are periodic tabulations of employment data, by industry, compiled by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment Insurance lavs. Supplementary tabulations prepared by the U. S. Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance are used for the group of establishments exempt from State unemployment Insurance lavs because of their small size. For Industries not covered by either of the two programs, benchmarks are com piled from special establishment censuses: for example, for Interstate railroads, from establishment data reported to the ICC; for State and local government, from data reported to the Bureau of the Census; for the Federal government, from agency data compiled by the Civil Service Cauni88ian. Establishments are classified Into the same industrial groupings for benchmark purposes as they are for monthly reporting. Because the Industry data from unemployment insurance and OASI tabulations are not sufficiently detailed, the BLS has prepared for se lected manufacturing industries special benchmarks based on data from the 19^7 Census of Manufactures. Table 4 shows current data on production workers in these selected Industries, based an Census benchmarks. Since there are important differences in the methods of preparing the two sets of benchmark data, monthly statistics derived from them are not strictly comparable. Hence, totals for Industry groups (e.g. broadvoven fabric mills, Iron and steel foundries) derived by adding the figures for the in dividual component industries shown in Table 4, differ from the industry group totals shown in Table 3, based on benchmarks from social insurance programs. Section H. Estimating Method - The estimating procedure for Industries for which data on both all employees and production and related workers are published (i.e. ilO Section H. Estimating Method (Continued) - manufacturing and selected mining industries) is outlined belavj substantially the same method is used for Industries for which only fig ures on either all employee® or production workers are published. The first step is to determine total production-vorker employment in the industry in the benchmark period since neither of the social insurance programs furnishes benchmark data for production workers. The all employee benchmark figure is multiplied by the ratio of the number of production workers to all employees. The ratio is computed from estab lishment reports vhlch show data for both items for the benchmark period. Thus, if 75 firms report in the benchmark period 25,000 production workers and an all employee total of 31,250, the production vorker - all employee ratio would be .80, (25,000 divided by 31,250). If the all-employee benchmark is 50,000, the producticai-vorker total in the benchmark period would be .80 times 50,000 or 40,000. The second step is to coutpute the total production-worker employment in the month following the benchmark period. The productionworker total for 1he benchmark period is multiplied by the percent change over the month in production-worker employment in a group of establish ments reporting in both months. Thus, if firms in the BI£ sample report employment of 30,000 production workers in March and 31,200 in April, the percentage increase would be 4 percent (1,200 divided by 30,000). The production-worker total in April would be 104 percent of 40,000, the production-worker total in March, the benchmark month, or 41,600. The third step is to compute the all-employee total for the industry in the month following the benchmark period. The productionworker total for the month Is divided by the ratio of production workers to w.n employees. This ratio is computed from establishment reports for the month showing data for both items. Thus, if these firms in April re port 24,000 production workers and a total of 29,600 employees, the ratio of production workers to all employees would be .81 (24,000 divided by 29,600). The all-employee total in April would be 51,358, (41,600 divided by .81). Figures for subsequent months are computed by carrying forward the totals for the previous month according to the method described above. When annual benchmark data become available, the BIS employment figures for the benchmark period are ccnpared with the total count. If differ ences are found, the BIS series are adjusted to agree with the benchmark count. Ul Section I, Comparability with other Employment Estimates - Data published by other government and private agencies differ from BLS employment statistics because of differences In definiticai, sources of information, and methods of collection, classification and es timation. BX£ monthly figures are not conjparable, for example, vlth the estimates of the Bureau of the Census Monthly Report cm the Labor Force, Census data are obtained by personal interviews vlth individual members of a sample of households and are deslgied to provide Information on the work status of the whole population, classified Into broad, social and economic groups. The BLS, on the other hand, obtains by mall questionnaire data on employees, based an payroll records of business units and prepares de tailed statistics on the industrial and geographic distribution of employment and on hours of work and earnings. Employment estimates derived by the Bureau of the Census from its quinquennial census and annual sample surveys of manufacturing estab lishments also differ from BUS employment statistics. Among the important reasons for disagreement are differences In industries covered, In the business units considered parts of an establishment, and In the Industrial classification of establishments. Section J, Employment Statistics for States and Areas State and area empl^jyxjerit statistics are collected and prepared by State agencies In cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The naasies and addresses of these agencies are listed on the last page of the Report, State agencies use the same basic schedule as the Bureau of Labor Statistics In collecting employment statistics. State series are adjusted to benchmark data from State unemployment Insurance agencies and the Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance. Because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and use slightly varying methods of cdeputation, the sum of the State figures differs from the of ficial U. S. totals prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. State and area data In greater Industry detail and for earlier periods may be se cured directly upon request to the appropriate State agency or to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1*2 Glossary All Employees ~ Includes production and related workers as defined below and workers engaged in the following activities: executive, purchasing, finance, accounting, legal, personnel (including cafeterias, medical, etc.,), professional and technical activities, sales, sales-delivery, advertising, credit collection, and in installation and servicing of own products, routine office functions, factory supervision (above the working foreman level). Also includes employees on the establishment payroll engaged in new construction and major additions or alterations to the plant who are utilized as a separate workforce (force-account construction workers). Contract Construction — Covers only firms engaged in the construction business oh a contract basis for others. Force-account construction workers, i.e., hired directly by and on the payrolls of Federal, State, and local government, public utilities, and private establishments, are excluded from contract construction and included in the employment for such establishments. Durable Goods — The durable goods subdivision includes the following major indus try groups: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products (except furni ture); furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and gloss products; primary metal industries; fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and trans portation equipment); machinery (except electrical); electrical machinery; transportation equipment; instruments and related products; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries. Finance — Covers establishments operating in the fields of finance, insurance, and real estate; excludes the Federal Reserve Banks and the mixed-ownership banks of the Farm Credit Administration which are included under Government. Government — Covers Federal, State, and local government establishments performing legislative, executive, and judicial functions, including Government corpora tions, Government force-account construction, and such units as arsenals, naV£ yards, hospitals. Fourth-class postmasters are excluded from table 2; they are included, however, in table 7. State and local government employment excludes, as nominal employees, paid volunteer firemen and elected officials of small local units. Manufacturing — Covers only private establishments; Government manufacturing operations such as arsenals and navy yards are excluded from manufacturing and included under Government. Mining — Covers establishments engaged in the extraction from the earth of organic and inorganic minerals which occur in nature as solids, liquids, or gases; in cludes various contract services required in mining operations, such as removal of overburden, tunneling and shafting, and the drilling or acidizing of oil wells; also includes ore dressing, beneficiating, and concentration. 1*3 Nondurable Goods — The nondurable goods subdivision includes the following major industry groups: food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures; textile—mi 11 products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied products; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemicals and allied products; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and leather products. Payrolls — Private payrolls represent weekly payrolls of both full- and part-time production and related workers who worked during, or received pay for,, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month, before deduction for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, and union dues; also, includes pay for sick leave, holidays, and vacations taken. Excludes cash payments for vacations not taken, retroactive pay not earned during period reported, value of payments in kind, and bonuses, unless earned and paid regularly each pay period. Federal civilian payrolls are for the calendar month. Production and Related Workers - Includes working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including lead men and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving^ storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services, products develop ment, auxiliary production for p lant’s own use (e.g., power plant), and record keeping and other services closely associated with the above production operat ions. Service — Covers establishments primarily engaged in rendering services to indi viduals and business firms, including automobile repair services. Excludes domestic service workers. Nongovernment schools, hospitals, museums, etc., are included under Service; similar Government establishments are included under Government. Trade - Covers establishments engaged in wholesale trade, i.e., selling merchan dise to retailers, and in ret.ail trade, i.e., selling merchandise for personal or household consumption, and rendering services incidental to the sales of goods. Similar Government establishments are included under Government. Transportation, and P u b lic U t i l i t i e s — Covers only private establishments engaged in providing all types of transportation and related services; telephone, tele graph, and other communication services; or providing electricity, gas, steam, water, or sanitary service. Similar Government establishments are included under Government. hk List of Cooperating State Agencies ALABAMA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORAOO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA GEORGIA IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI - Department o f i n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s , Montgomery 5 . - Unemployment Compensat i on D i v i s i o n , Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, - Employment S e c u r i t y D i v i s i o n , Department o f Labor, L i t t l e Rock. — D i v i s i o n o f Labor S t a t i s t i c s and Research, Department o f i n d u s t r i a l San F r a n c i s c o 1 . - U. S. Bureau o f L abor S t a t i s t i c s , Denver 2 . - Employment S e c u r i t y D i v i s i o n , Department o f Labor, H a r t f o r d 15. - Federal R eserv e Bank o f P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a 1 , P e n n s y l v a n i a . Phoenix. Relations, - U. S. Employment S e r v i c e f o r D. C., Was hi ng t on 25. - Unemployment Compensat i on D i v i s i o n , I n d u s t r i a l Commi ssi on, T a l l a h a s s e e . - Employment S e c u r i t y Agency, Department o f Labor, A t l a n t a 3 . - Employment S e c u r i t y Agency, B o i s e . - I l l i n o i s State Employment Servi ce and D i v i s i o n of Unemployment Compensation, C h i c a g o 54 - Employment S e c u r i t y D i v i s i o n , I n d i a n a p o l i s 9. - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, Des M o i n e s 8. - Employment S e c u r i t y D i v i s i o n , S t a t e Labor Department, Topeka. - Bureau o f Employment S e c u r i t y , Department o f Economic S e c u r i t y , F r a n k f o r t . - D i v i s i o n o f Employment S e c u r i t y , Department o f Labor, Baton Rouge 4 . - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, August a. - Department o f Employment S e c u r i t y , B a l t i m o r e 1. - D i v i s i o n o f S t a t i s t i c s , Department o f Labor and I n d u s t r i e s , Bos t on 10. - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, D e t r o i t 2. - D i v i s i o n o f Employment and S e c u r i t y , St. Paul 1 . - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, Jackson. ~ D i v i s i o n of Employment S e c u r i t y , Department o f Labor and i n d u s t r i a l R e l a t i o n s , Jefferson City, Unemployment Compensat i on Commi ssi on, Helena. MONTANA - D i v i s i o n o f Employment S e c u r i t y , Department o f Labor, L i n c o l n 1 . NEBRASKA - Employment S e c u r i t y Department, C a r s o n C i t y . NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE - D i v i s i o n o f Employment S e c u r i t y , Department o f Labor, Concord. Department o f Labor and i n d u s t r y , Trenton 8. NEW JERSEY - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, Albuquerque. NEW MEXICO NEW YORK Bureau o f Research and S t a t i s t i c s , D i v i s i o n o f Placement and Unemployment I n s u r a n c e , New York Department o f Labor, 1440 Broadway, New York 18. NORTH CAROLINA - Department o f Labor, R a l e i g h . - Unemployment Compensat i on D i v i s i o n , Bi s mar ck. NORTH DAKOTA Bureau o f Unemployment Compensati on, Columbus 16. OHIO - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, Oklahoma C i t y 2 . OKLAHOMA - Unemployment Compensati on Commi ssi on, Salem. OREGON Federal Res er ve Bank o f P h i l a d e l p h i a , P h i l a d e l p h i a 1 ( m f g . ) ; Sureau o f Research and PENNSYLVANIA I n f o r m a t i o n , Department o f Labor and I n d u s t r y , H a r r i s b u r g ( n o nmf g . ) . - Department o f Labor, P r o v i d e n c e 3 . RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, Co l u mb i a 1. - Employment S e c u r i t y Department, Aberdeen. SOUTH DAKOTA - Department o f Employment S e c u r i t y , N a s h v i l l e 3 . TENNESSEE - Employment Commi ssi on, A u s t i n 19. TEXAS UTAH - Department o f Employment S e c u r i t y , i n d u s t r i a l Commi ssi on, S a l t Lake C i t y 13 . VERMONT Unemployment Compensat i on Commi ssi on, M o n t p e l i e r . VIRGINIA D i v i s i o n o f Resear ch and S t a t i s t i c s , Department o f Labor and i n d u s t r y , Richmond 19 . - Employment s e c u r i t y Department, Ol ympi a. WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA - Department o f Employment S e c u r i t y , C h a r l e s t o n 5 . - I n d u s t r i a l Commi ssi on, Ma di s on 3 . WISCONSIN - Employment S e c u r i t y Commi ssi on, Casper. WYOMING 1*5 Other Publications on EM PLO Y M EN T DEVELO PM ENTS STATE AND A R E A Data D A TA — EM PLO YM EN T, a v a ila b le M ANPOW ER R E P O R T S to the not - for Sp ecial defense liste d H OURS, States and stu d ies effo rt. of AN D E A R N IN G S areas in varyin g manpower Reports problem s numbered restricted are eith er M AN POW ER R E P O R T N o . 3 - The M ANPOW ER R E P O R T N o . 8 - Manpower M ANPOW ER R E P O R T N o . 1 0 - Manpower R eq u irem en ts for M ANPOW ER R E P O R T N o . l l - Manpower R eq u irem ents in M ANPOW ER R E P O R T - N atio n 's Current N o . 12 N o . 13 M o b ilisatio n Defense - The S c ie n tific Manpower - E ffe cts P ro jected (January O C C U P A T IO N A L O U T L O O K H A N D B O O K , S ta tistic s 575 pp. ing O ffice , of - issu ed m ajo r p atio n s A v a ila b le of o ccu patio ns are and in d u stria l and be tio n p o p u latio n on - ch a ra cte ristics, e d itio n to and B u lle tin 998 a v a ila b le . in 1950) the 1951) M a rin e . (September Supply^ data and in $ 3.0 0 guidance most d ep ict in 1951) 1951) P rod u ctio n. in A u tom o b ile 1952-1953* per ta in in g force incom e and of people changing of on each w ill fin d of jo b s. and Trends career of of New p lan work, tra in in g sources 1950. occu o ccu p atio nal na&tire em ployed, 433 * w h i t e - c o l l a r ,■ nature and of P rin t* coverage and q u a li further ed itio n s of the tim e. STATUS to O F O L D E R M K K AN D WOMEN o ld er trends, w orkers, in d u stria l em ploym ent. a Labor Governm ent ed u catio n al late of co m preh en sive o utloo k, are as A reports co n d itio n s, to Bureau Docum ents, lon g -rang e current of A d m in istratio n. p ro fe ssio n a l, young the w orkers tim e a v a ila b ility w ith employment w orking is a in d u stria l, w hich labor No. Veterans copy. h elp in the of at d escrib e from and exhausted; In d ustry Em ploym ent C ., to m a te ria l B a sic on R eq u irem ent# ON T H E E M P L O Y M E N T AND E C O N O M IC 1952 revised (Su p ply ed itio n in clu d in g and of w ill info rm al o ccu p atio nal co p ie s be of firs t announced summer. ) O F W O R K IN G L I F E , 1950, 74 labor force pp. A v a ila b le W ashington and issu ed January Those longer E le b tro n ics Su p erin ten d en t w hich earn in g s, This th is in lo ca ltie s in fo rm atio n . FA CTS use reports Handbook w ill D. em phasized needed, Program w ith in clu d in g farm ing fica tio n s the for o utloo k life , no M inin g .(O cto ber in im portance issu ed . M anpow er.(D ecem ber M erchant M etal of 1947. 1952) ED ITIO N , 25 and in d u strie s TA BLES 2d in d u strie s O ccup ation the or Tool Prog ram . (August Defense Manpower from o ccu patio ns M achine R eq u irem en ts co o p eratio n W ashington and reasons as sin ce 1952) and n in g . SELECTED in a c tiv itie s Tech n ical the d etail 1952) In d u stry . (January M ANPOW ER R E P O R T N o . 1 4 and of in co n se cu tiv e ly secu rity R eq u ire m e nts (February M ANPOW ER R E P O R T for in d u stry - LEN G TH OF T ab les com paring entry from 25, the D. rates, W O R K IN G L I F E and a sep aratio n Superintendent C. at 40 F O R M EN , m an's cents of a life rates B u lle tin span owing Docum ents, copy. w ith to No. h is 1001, work death Governm ent and August span. A lso retirem ent. P rin tin g O ffice ,
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