Full text of Employment and Payrolls : July 1938

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Serial No. R. 807
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
»####+##++#+++++#++#+++##»#»#+++#»+##++#»#+4 (•

EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talberl, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief

JULY 1938
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1938




CONTENTS
Tage

Summary of employment reports for July 1938:
Total nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for July 1938:
Industrial and business employment
Public employment

1
1
4
7
22

Tables
TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
July 1938
TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, July 1938
TABLE 3.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, July 1938
TABLE 4.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, May through July
1938
.
I
TABLE 5.—Selected manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—
indexes of employment and pay rolls, July 1937 to July
1938
"
.
TABLE 6.—Geographic divisions and States—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in June and July
1938
TABLE 7.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in June and July
1938
TABLE 8.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls in June and July 1938
TABLE 9.—Government corporations and Government-owned corporations—employment and pay rolls
TABLE 10.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
July 1938, by type of project
TABLE 11.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked, July 1938, by type'of"project. _
TABLE 12.—Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, second quarter of 1938, by type of project
TABLE 13.—National Youth Administration work projects and Student
Aid financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of the
programs
(m)




4
6
8
12
18
20
21
22
23
23
26
27

28

IV
Page

TABLE 14.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
June and July 1938
TABLE 15.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—ernplo3Tment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, July 1938, by type of project
TABLE 16.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
July 1938, by type of project
TABLE 17.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, July 1938, June 1938, and
July 1937




29
29
30
31

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR JULY 1938
Total Nonagricultural Employment
TOTAL nonagricultural employment, exclusive of Works Progress
Administration and other Federal emergency projects, showed
virtually no change between June and July 1938 whereas declines of
approximately 140,000 workers are usually shown in July. Factors
contributing to offset the usual seasonal decrease were a slight contraseasonal gain in factory employment and an increase of approximately 14,000 workers on class I railroads. While retail trade establishments employed approximately 100,000 fewer workers in July, the
current decrease was smaller than the average July decrease of the
preceding 9 years.
Employment gains in private industries were reported for 26 States.
Among the more important industrial States reporting gains were
Massachusetts, North and South Carolina, Maine, and Rhode Island
in which the hiring of large numbers of workers by cotton and woolen
mills was the chief factor. Decreased activity in coal mining and in
manufacture of durable-goods products accounted largely for the
declines in Pennsylvania, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and New York.
There was an increase in July in the number of persons engaged
on work programs financed from Federal funds with the exception of
P. W. A. projects. The most marked gains in employment occurred
in the Civilian Conservation Corps, on projects operated by the
Works Progress Administration, and on projects financed from
regular Federal appropriations. In the regular services of the Federal
Government increases occurred in the executive, legislative, and
military services and a decrease was reported in the judicial service.

Industrial and Business Employment
Manufacturing industries reported a gain of 0.4 percent in employment and no change in pay rolls between mid-June and mid-July.
Normally factory employment declines by about 1 percent and factory
pay rolls by about 4 percent in July, largely because of inventory
shut-downs and the July 4 holiday.




(1)

As compared with last July, factory forces were reduced by onefour tli and their pay rolls by one-third.
The principal increases since June in factory forces were in the
nondurable-goods industries, in which employment expanded 3.0
percent, principally because of reemployment in the woolen and
cotton goods industries, in men's clothing and shoes, and in the
seasonal food industries, such as canning. Many of the heavy
manufacturing industries continued to reduce employment. The
decrease for the durable-goods group as a whole was 2.7 percent.
The most pronounced losses were in plants manufacturing machinery
and transportation equipment—in particular, agricultural implements,
automobiles, foundry and machine-shop products, engines and
tractors, and electrical machinery.
Wage-rate reductions were reported in 37 manufacturing industries,
affecting 47,990 wage earners out of a total of 3,716,819 for whom
data were reported to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Most of the
reductions were in cotton mills, in which nearly 31,000 workers
received wage cuts. Factories manufacturing shoes, paper and pulp,
woolen goods, and carpets and rugs reported wage reductions affecting
about 10,000 workers.
In the nonmanufacturing industries employment declines were
largely seasonal. The decline of 3.0 percent in retail trade employment, indicating a reduction of about 100,000 workers, was the
smallest percentage decrease in any July during the past^9 years,
except 1929, 1933, and 193G when the decreases were 2.0 percent,
3.0 percent, and 2.7 percent, respectively.
The decrease of 4.4 percent in the general merchandising group
was the smallest decline recorded in July in any recent year. The
apparel group dropped 12.2 percent of its workers and the furniture
group 3.8 percent between mid-June and mid-July, while the food
and automotive groups reduced their forces slightly. Employment
in retail lumber and building materials increased by 0.9 percent,
hardware by 0.5 percent, and drug stores by 1.5 percent. Firms
dealing in coal, wood, and ice employed 3.9 percent more workers
than in June. Country buyers and wholesale firms dealing in farm
products reduced their forces sufficiently to offset small employment
gains in other lines of wholesale trade, such as groceries, food, and
petroleum, resulting in a net reduction of nearly 10,000 employees in
wholesale trade as a group.
There were greater than seasonal reductions in employment in
anthracite mines, which laid off 20.3 percent or 16,300 of their workers,
and in metal mines where 6,900 workers (11.4 percent) were laid off.
Bituminous coal mines reduced their forces seasonally by 1.9 percent,
affecting 7,400 workers; oil producers laid off 0.9 percent of their
workers; and quarrying firms added 1.1 percent to the number on their



rolls. Year-round hotels and dyeing and cleaning plants reported
seasonal reductions in forces, 1.7 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively.
Brokerage houses added employees for the first time since last November, insurance firms reported the fifth successive monthly gain, and
laundries increased their forces seasonally by 1.1 percent. Private
building contractors reported a somewhat smaller than average
increase in employment on jobs exclusive of projects financed by the
Public Works Administration, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, and regular appropriations of the Federal, State, and local
governments. The number of workers employed by public utilities
as a whole remained practically unchanged.
Class I railroads increased their forces for the second consecutive
month. According to a preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission, they had 929,477 emploj^ees (including 11,876
executives, officials, and staff assistants) in July, a gain of 14,389 or
1.6 percent since June. July pay rolls for railroads were not available
when this report was prepared. For June they amounted to $140,391,948 as against $132,928,271 for May, an increase of $7,463,677
or 5.6 percent.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by
factory wage earners was 34.9 in July, a gain of 1.3 percent since
June. Average hourly earnings were 63.9 cents or 1.1 percent lower
than in the preceding month, while average weekly earnings dropped
0.5 percent to $22.17.
Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data
are available, only bituminous-coal mining and private building construction showed gains in average hours worked per week. Average
hourly earnings, however, rose for 7 of these 14 industries. Average weekly earnings were higher for 7 of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries surveyed.
Prior to January 193S the wording of the definition on the schedules
for public utilities, wholesale and retail trade, hotels, and brokerage
and insurance firms called for the inclusion of higher-salaried employees such as corporation officers, executives, and others whose
duties are mainly supervisory. These employees have, for the most
part, always been excluded from employment reports for other industries, and beginning with January it was requested that they be
omitted also for the industries named above. For this reason the
average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average
weekly earnings for these industries are not comparable with the
figures appearing in issues of this pamphlet dated earlier than January
1938.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings in
July 1938 for all manufacturing industries combined, for selected
nonmanufacturing industries, and for class I railroads, with percentage



changes over the month and year intervals except in the few industries
for which data are not available, are presented in table 1.
TABLE ].—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, July 1938

Industry
Index
July
1938

Percentage
change from—
June
1938

All manufacturing
industries
combined 1
Class I steam railroads 2
__
Coal mining: 4
Anthracite
Bituminous •
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmotullic
mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraphElectric light and power
and manufactured gas...
Electric-railroad and
motorbus operation and
maintenance
Trade:
Wholesale . _.
Retail
General merchandising.
Other than general
merchandising
Hotels (year-round)4 7
Laundries *
Dyeing and cleaning *
_.
Brokerage
Insurance
Building construction.

(192325=100)
76.1
52.0

+0.4
+i7e

(1929=
100)
44.6 - 2 0 . 3
78.6 - 1 . 9
49.5 - 1 1 . 4
44.1
72.1

+1 l

74.9
92.5
70. 1
86.6
81.1
87.9
79.3
90.7
97.7
108.6
(3)
(3)

July
1937

Index
Julv
1938

(192325 = 100)
67.2
-25.0

Percentage
change from—
June

Julv

1938

1937

0

-33.1

Average in
July
1938

$22.17

Percentage
change from—
June
1938

July
1937

-0.5

-10.8

-35.8
-12. 9
-19.5

3

-20.9

-17.8
-16.0
-39. 6

Average weekly
earnings

Pay roll

Employment

Industries

()
(1929=
100)
20.2 -59.4
56.8
-.3
37.8 - 1 7 . 8

-47.2
-26. 9
-51.4

14. 76 - 4 9 . 0
19.27 +1.6
23.84 - 7 . 2

- .9
-1.2

-27. 3
-5.4

21.38
33.42

-2.0
-.3

-8.4

—20. 6
-8.1

37.0
66.7

+.2
+.3

-6.0

90.9

-1.4

« 30.19

-.2

-5.1

98.5

-.2

-3.7

6 33. 50

-.5

—.4

-4.5

69.0

-.9

-2.6

e 32.20

-.6

+2.0

—3 0
-4.4

-4.4
74
-8.4

73.6
68.1
80.4

-.2
-1.9
-4.5

-4.3
-6. 5
-7.9

« 29. 76
8 21. 72
6 18. 33

+.5
+1.1

+. 1
+1.1

-7.1
-3.1
-7.6
-2.2
-15. 6

65. 6
77.4
82.9
77.5

-1.3
-2.7

-6.1
-2.4
-6.9
-2.5
-21.8
-2.0
-32.9

-.9

-2.6
—1.7

+1.1
-2.0
+2.3
+.4
+1.3

+2.1

-31.8

(3)

+1.3
-6.9
+3.9
+1.3
+1.8

-.2

±\:i

« 24. 41
fl 14. 61
17.29
+•1
19.85 - 5 . 0
8 34.05 +1.5
8 36.70
+.9
29.52
+.5

+2.9
+4.9

+.5
+ 1.1
+.7
+.8
-.4
-7.2
-4.0
-1.7

2»

Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures.
Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
» Not available.
« Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue of this pamphlet.
* Less than Mo of 1 percent.
* Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated
earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose
duties are mainly supervisory.
* Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.

Public Employment
The number working on Public Works Administration projects
decreased approximately 7,000 in July due to the completion of many
of the projects financed from N. I. R. A. funds and E. R. A. A. 1935
funds. New contracts are being awarded for the 1938 P. W. A. program, funds for which were made available in July, but the effect of
this new program has not yet been reflected in the employment
figures. Of the 110,000 at work in July 20,000 were engaged on
Federal and non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial



Recovery Act funds, 90,000 on non-Federal projects financed from
funds provided by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,
1936, and 1937, and 325 on Federal projects started with funds provided by the new Public Works Administration Appropriation Act
of 1938. Pay-roll disbursements of $9,001,000 were $773,000 less
than in June.
Employment on projects financed from regular Federal appropriations continued to increase, due in large part to seasonal expansion
in road construction work. In July 236,000 were working on projects
financed from regular Federal appropriations, a gain of 14,000 from
June. Gains in employment were reported on projects with the
exception of the following types: Building construction, electrification projects of the Rural Electrification Administration, forestry,
heavy engineering, and water and sewerage. Monthly pay-roll disbursements in July for all types of projects of $23,854,000 were
$2,492,000 more than in June.
Virtually the same number (3,000) were working on construction
projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in
July as were at work in June. A decrease occurred in pay-roll disbursements due to a decrease in the number of man-hours worked
during the month. Pay-roll disbursements amounted to $448,000 in
July, a drop of $46,000 from June.
A marked increase in employment occurred on projects operated
by the Works Progress Administration. The number at work in
July was 2,967,000, a gain of 200,000 from June. Pay rolls on these
projects amounting to $151,216,000 in July were $5,140,000 more
than in June. An increase of 14,000 reported in the number working
on Federal projects under The Works Program in July raised the
total to 302,000. During the month the number of man-hours
worked on these Federal projects decreased and pay-roll disbursements were lower than in June; July pay rolls amounted to $10,289,000. The number employed on work projects of the National Youth
Administration was 214,000, an increase of 12,000 over June. Data
on employment and pay rolls for Student Aid in July will not be
available until next month.
In the regular services of the Federal Government increases in
the number working were reported for the executive, legislative, and
military services and a decrease occurred in the judicial service.
Of the 868,000 employees in the executive service in July, 116,000
were working in the District of Columbia and 752,000 outside the
District. Force-account employees (employees who are on the
Federal pay roll and are engaged on construction projects) were 9
percent of the total number of employees in the executive service.
Marked increases in employment occurred in the War, Navy, and
<J4213—38




2

6

Post Office Departments. The Department of Agriculture was among
those agencies reporting decreases in the number working.
With the beginning of a new enlistment period, the number of
workers in the Civilian Conservation Corps increased 22,000 from
June, raising the total working to 316,000. Of the total number in
camps in Juty 278,000 were enrollees, 5,000 reserve officers, 300
nurses, 1,600 educational advisers, and 31,000 supervisory and
technical employees. Monthly pay-roll disbursements for all groups
of workers totaled $14,266,000.
There were nearly 200,000 workers employed on roads financed
wholly from State or local funds in July, an increase of 20,000 from
the preceding month and 24,000 more than in July 1937. Of the
total number at work in July 31,000 were on new road construction
and 169,000 on maintenance. Pay rolls for both types oi road work
were $12,983,000 in July, an increase of $923,000 over June pay-roll
disbursements.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for
June and July is given in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1938 ]
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
July
Federal services:
808,235
Executive i
2,013
Judicial
_
5, 380
Legislative
_
343, 700
Military
Construction projects:
109. 076
Financed by P. W. A.»
2,997
Financed by R. F . C.«
Financed by regular Federal ap236,415
propriations.
_.
Federal projects under The Works
301,923
Program
_._
2,966,832
Projects operated by W. P . A
National Youth Administration:
213,972
Work projects
_
Student Aid
(7)
316, 227
Civilian Conservation Corps

June

Percentage
change

I'ay rolls
July

June

Percentage
change

+1.2 $128,119,436 '$128,127,191
515, 428
-3.4
503,706
1, 220, 708
+2.6
1.211.W5
27,000, 719
+4.5
25, 524, 48G

()
-2.3

116,874
2,984

-5.9

-7.9
-9.2

222,096

+6.4
+4.8
+7.2

3 857,824
2.083
5,251
328, 744

288,010
2, 767,125
202,184
217, 447
293,859

+.4

+5.8
+7.6

9,000, 738
447, 594

9, 773, 522
493,122

+.8
+6.0

21,302.606

+11.7

10, 289, 040
15,103,038
151,215,718 3 146,076,176

-32.1
+3.5

23, 854,162

3, 085,148
(7)
14, 266,482

3, 437, 299
1,538.947
13, 506. 062

+7.2

1Includes
data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds.
2
Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the
extent of 108,055 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $12,760,042 for July and 103,672 employees and payroll disbursements of $13,416,457 for June.
3
Revised.
* Less than Ho of 1 percent.
* Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and
1937 funds and Public Works Appropriation Act of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown
under The Works Program. Includes 90,040 wage earners and $7,210,860 pay roll for July; 93,141 wage earners and $7,630,319 payroll for June, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Data for July include projects financed from
Public
Works Appropriation Act of 1938 funds.
6
Includes 62 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $5,903 for July and 97 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $8,345 for June on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
? Not available.




DETAILED TABLES FOR JULY 1938
Industrial and Business Employment
MONTHLY reports on employment and pay rolls are available for
the following groups: 89 manufacturing industries; 1G nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; and class I
steam railroads. The reports for the first two of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and in virtually all industries the
samples are large enough to be entirely representative. The figures
on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce
Commission and are presented in the foregoing summary.
EMPLOYMENT, PAY ROLLS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS

The indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in July 1938 are
shown in table 3. Percentage changes from June 1938 and July 1937
are also given.
Indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours wTorked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
May, June, and July 1938, are presented in table 4. The May and
June figures may differ in some instances from those previously published because of revisions necessitated by the inclusion of late reports
and other causes.
Average weekly earnings shown in tables 3 and 4 are computed by
dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As
all reporting establishments do not supply man-hour data, average
hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily
based on data supplied by a smaller number of reporting firms. The
size and composition of the reporting sample varies slightly from month
to month and therefore the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown in tables 3 and 4 are
not strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances
to indicate the general movements of earnings and hours over the
period shown. The changes from the preceding month, expressed
as percentages, are based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months.




TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, July 1938
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25=100 and are adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures.

Employment
Industry

Index
July
1938

All manufacturing industries..
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery.Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe..
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel.
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves. _
_
Structural and ornamental metal work
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
_.
Wirework
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements...
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines.
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels..
Foundry and machine-shop products




Percentage
change from—

Average weekly
earnings l

Pay rolls

Index
July
1938

June
1938

July
1937

+0.4

-25.0
-35.3
-14.4

67.2
55.4
82.2

-32.7
-34.2
-33.1
-19.5

55.8
57.4
50.0
42.2

-15.4
-4.0
-7.9

-28.8
-45.9
-43.0
-13.0

Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to October 1930]

Percentage
change from—
July
1938

July
1937

S22.17

-4.6

-33.1
-45.0
-17.8

-2.6
-4.3

+2.8

-50.8
-56.6
-46.6
-21.4

21.65
21.43
19.37
20.24

49.1
28.1
48.9
55.5

-15.3
-1.2
-7.8
-3.4

-37.0
-55.9
-54.7
-22.8

20.59
22.06
20.77
21.83

-4.5
+1.4
+3.6

-23.6
-31.9
-29.3
-18.7

46.8
54.8
52.8
96.7

+.9

+4.6
+1.6

-34.0
-33.4
-35.9
-20.8

69.9
98.3
82.7
91.9

-4.5
-5.1
-3.8
-21.5

-31.5
-44.1
-36.3
-33.7

61.7
78.7
73.2
104. 4

-5.5
-8.2
-4.8
-25.9

122.6
72.9
92.7
74.2

-3.0
-11.2
-2.0

+.5

-10.6
-39.7
-38.8
-34.0

118.3
64.8
85.9
63.8

+2.2

-2.7

+3.0

+4.3

June
193S

July
1937

-0.5
-1.9

-10.8
-14.9
-4.0

-1.8
-2.8
-4.2

+()

July
1938

June

July
1937

34.9
33.6
35.9

+1.3
-1.2
+3.1

-8.6

-28.9
-34.0
-20.1
-2.1

29.1
25.8
27.3
34.1

+( )

-3.4

-11.7
-18.3
-20.4
-11.2

33.6
29.5
31.8
32.9

23.18
22.51
25.95
22.29

-2.5
-1.7
+3.2
-1.9

-13.6
-2.1
-9.3
-2.6

32.9
34.4
35.8
37.8

-42.7
-54.1
-45.2
-39.5

20.40
19.87
24.34
25.33

-1.0
-3.4
-1.0
-5.6

-16.3
-18.9
-13.9
-8.7

32.8
30.6
33.5
34.6

-19.4
-47.8
-44.6
-44.4

27.93
24.33
28.14
23.95

+1.7
-.7
+1.9

-13.4
-9.4
-16.7

35.0
32.7
34.7
33.6

3.74
0.83

Average hourly
earnings l

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

June
1938

76.1
64.0
89.1

Average hours worked
per week i

Percentage
change fr<tinJuly
1938

June
1938

July
1937

Cents

+1.5

-1.1

-2.2

-.9

-1.1
-.5

-13.5
-4.1

71.1
58.2

-1.6
-2.3
-4.3
+4.5

-24.0
-32.2
-24.9

76.1
83.6
70.9
59.0

-.1
+2.2

-14.3
-23.8
-17.2
-14.0

62.5
74.8
65.2
66.2

-.6

-17.0
-7.5
-11.5
-5.1

70.3
66.1
72.5
59.0

-1.4

+3.3
+6.2
+2.5
+2.6

-1.1
-2.2
-.5
-5.6

-18.1
-15.9
-16.8
-9.5

61.6
65.1
72.3
73.3

-.1
-1.0
-.5
-.2

+1.1
-2.4
-2.8
+1.8

+2.0
+.1
+2.0

-12.7
-15.7
-12.0
-19.0

80.7
74.2
81.4
71.0

-.1
-.8
-.3
-.4

+3.7
+2.7
+2.3
+3.4

00

72.4
78.9
58.7
55.7
59. 8
39.1
53.2
80.5
58.8
71.2
57.0
93.4

-1.0

+.2

-.2
-2.9

+.1
+3.5

—6.1

-3.7
-9.5
-3.1

+5.9
+2.9
2

-1.1

2

+( )
-3.7
-3.6
-1.1

+2.9

+.1
(2)

+ ()
+2.3
-.5

+.8
-. 1
+.2
+.9
+^3

-1.6

+6.3
+4.9
+3.5
+6.5
-4.3
+3.1

Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
_
_.
Transportation equipment. __
Aircraft
_
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuilding
Railroad repair shops.
_
Electric railroad
_.
Steam railroad
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures..
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices.
Jewelry
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
Stamped and enameled ware
l u m b e r and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery

104.0
92.3
56.1
112.8
55.3
698.5
53.2
25.6
24.6
90.8
40.8
59.3
39.4
77.9
91.9
82.4
84.8
77.4
58.8
58.8
67.3
90.3
54.2
64.8

-4.5
+.1
+.4
-11.2
-2.3
-13.6
-10.6
-19.3
-2.3
+2.3
-.8

+2.4
-2.1
+.4
+.5
-2.2
+2.1
-1.5
-13.1
-1.6
-6.6
0

+.3

46.2
41.3
55.9
40.2
65.5
74.7
37.9
65.1

+2. 5

82.2
79.4
60.0
83.2
74.8
96.8
72.0
100.4
55.0
65.4
86.8
82.9
107.9
82.2
109.4

+2.8
+4.2
+24.0
+3.5

-.6

-2.3
+1.1
+3.2
-6.0
+.8
-4.7

-31.9
-53.1
-35.0
-25.9
-53.9
-11.7
-59.2
-64.2
-60.6
-9.4
-36.1
-6.4
-38.4
-30.1
-30.1
-30.8
-26. 1
-14.8
-35.8
-20.2
-26.7
-40.2
-25.7
-26.3

82.0
75.9
46.2
78.3
51.3
631.8
46.7
26.0
15.5
105.6
40.9
64.0
39.3
65.0
86.5
72.3
62.8
54.4
48.9
44.4
57.3
78.2
45.8
48.3

-4.8
+1.0
-1.2
-2.4
-11.1
-3. 6
-13.2
-16.5
-21.1
-3.1

-19.4
-26.6
-22.0
-25.3
-6.0
-30.8
-14.7
-10.6

44.0
34.9
48.5
32.0
66. 8
69.1
32.4
47.0

+3.7
-8.4
-5.5
-1.6
+1.4
-10.4

-17.8
-19.0
-39.9
-18.4
-22.2
-11.3
-14.1
-13.6
-30.9
-19.0
-14.9
-22.8
-7.8
-6.6
-15.7

64.7
66.4
46.2
70.5
67.8
78.2
63.0
94.7
42.6
53.2
58.6
57.3
69.2
73.5
77.6

-.3

-48.5
-54.3
-48.4
-46. 2
-56.3
-7.5
-62.3
-68.8
-69.4
-5.5
-35.6
-4.4
-37.9
-38.3
-35.7
-38.0
-42.1
-19.8
-44.8
-33.7
-34.2
-46. 5
-31.9
-34.7

24.26
22.11
22.25
19.02
29.54
28.78
29.72
24.42
24.51
31.34
29.00
30.39
28.68
22.51
23.07
24.74
16. 58
21.49
21.22
20.55
25.09
21.14
18.64
17.80

-13.0

-19.8
-33.9
-26.6
-30.8
-7.8
-36. 4
-15.5
-20.4

21. 76
18. 2(J
21.90
18. 83
26.13
22. 55
24. 93
19.14

+1.2
-7.9
-3.2
-2.7
-1.8
-4.0
1_7
-H.7

+7.5
+7.4
+15.5
+10.1
-1.8
+1.9
+54.5
-1.5
+3.5
+17.3
+7.3
+32.8
-3.9
-3.9
-5. 5

-24.3
-25. 9
-52. 4
-27.1
-25. 0
-16.9
-22.0
-15.9
-36.8
—25.9
-20. 6
-33.6
-2.8
-8.4
-19.6

15.67
15. 72
18. 09
13.29
16.57
19.60
23.85
16.41
15.17
18.85
15.50
16.37
17.14
14.77
12.18

+4.7
+3.2
-6. 9
+6.2
-1.0
+3.0
+18.8
-2.2
+.5
+4.6
+7.5
+15.7
+5. 7

-.2

-3.3
+.1
-.8

+1.9
+7.5
-.9

+1.2
-1.4
-14.6
-5.9
-7.8
-4.8
-3.0

-.9

+1.0
-1.1
-2.8
+.2
-1.3
+.5
-6.6
-2.3
-.8

-2.5
-2.4
-2.2
+1.3
+1.5
+7.0
+1.3
-.9

+.1
-1.7
-4.4
-1.3
-4.7
-3.3

-24.3
-2.5
-20.7
-27.4
-5.3
+4.8
-7.5
-12.7
-22.3
+4.3
+.7
+2.2
+.6
-11.7
-7.9
-10.5
-21.7
-5.9
-14.1
-16.9
-10.3
-10.6
-8.5
-11.4

33.3
36.3
33.3
29.3
33.6
39.4
32.0
33.0
32.1
38.8
39.8
42.5
39.5
34.0
33.9
34.7
29.0
36.2
31.2
31.7
37.1
34.0
36.5
34.2

-.5

—.4
-.8

- .4
-2.5
+.4

-24.8
-2.4
-20.0
-29.3
-5.8

+.1
+1.8

-7.9
-14.6
-26.6
+1.8
-3.6
-2.8
g g
-11.0
-12.3
-10.3
-22.3
-4.0
-15.9
-17.6
-7.6
-7.8
-8.5
-13.2

72.8
61.0
67.0
65.0
88.4
74.0
93.0
74.1
76.4
80.4
72.4
70.1
72.6
65.6
68.1
71.4
57.0
58.6
68.1
64.7
67.7
61.8
51.5
52.2

+.4
-5.9
-1.8
+.7
-3.1
-3.0
-3.0
+2.2
+1.6
+6.4
+5.4
+3.0
+1.4
-2.8
-3.9
+.3
-3.1
-2.2

-10.1
-5.9
-7.3
—2 0
-8.1
-1.0
-11.0

39.6
37.0
34.7
37.0
37.8
31.9
36.4
32.5

+1.8
-4.7
-3.2
-2.1
-2.8
-4.7
-2.4
-4.6

-3.2
-7.2
-9.3
-6.8
-5.6
-10.7
-6.0
-IS. 1

55.0
50.2
63.8
51.1
69.0
70.7
68.8
62.3

-.5

-8.0
-8.5
-20.8
-10.9
-3.8
-6.3
-9.3
-2.6
-8.5
-8.5
-6.8
-14.2
+5.3
-1.6
-4.6

32.7
33.9
29.3
34.0
35.6
35.7
34.3
32.7
33.7
35.4
30.1
28.3
31.3
31.6
32.0

+4.1
+4.4
-5.4
+8.5
+1.5
+ 1.0
+15.7
-1.1
~( 2 )
+5.2
+3.0
+7.8
+2.9
+.5
-3.7

-4.2
-4.6
-20.1
-4.7
-3.1
-1.3
-10.4
-4.6
-6.8

48.0
46.4
63.9
39.2
47.3
54.6
70.1
50.8
44.4
53.4
51.4
58.2
52.1
46.5
35.1

-.8

-.8

-.8
-.3
-.2

+.2
+.1
-.7
-.4

+•2
+.7
+.5
+.7
-.7
-.1

+.6
-3.9
-3.4
-1.2
+1.8
-.6

-1.5
-2.8
-1.7
-4.0
-.3

-1.1
+1.1
+.2
+1.3
-1.7

+.6
-!8
+2.6
-.3
+6.4
+.3
+2.1
+5.9
+3.1
+4.8
+5.2
+4.8
+5!l
-.4
+2.0
-3.3

+2.2
+.6
-2.9
-3.3
-1.3

+.6
+3.1

-3.5
+2.8
-.6
+3.1
+3.0
+4.4
+6.3

Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products..
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs.
_.
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing and finishing textiles.
Hats, fur-felt
_
Knit goods
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods._.
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's.
Corsets and allied garments..
Men's furnishings
See footnotes at end of table.




-.8

-1.0
+30.1
+.7
+2.9
+12.1
+14.'8
-9.1
-3.8
-2.7

-.1

-2.9

-.9

-3.1
-11.0
+5.9
-1.9
+4.5

+.9
-1.0
-1.5
-2.1
-1.5
-1.0
-2.6
-1.4
+.3
-.5

+5.0
+6.3
+5.6
+.2
+.1

-3.7
-3.8
-.8
-5.7
-1.8
-5.0
-3.9
+2.2
-1.8
-7.7
-4.1
-3.6
-1.9
+2.1
-7.0

TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, July 1938—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued

Industry
Index
July
1938

Percentage
change from—
June
1938

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

July
1937

Index
July
1938

Percentage
change from—
June
1938

July
1937

Average hours worked
per week

Percentage
change from—
July
1938

1938

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
July

June

Average hourly
earnings

July
1937

June
1938

July
1937

+7.6

+10.6

July
1938

June
1938

July
1937

Nondurable goods— Continued
Textiles and their products—Continued.

Wearing apparel—Continued.
Millinery
_
Shirts and collars
Leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
___
Leather
_
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane

Tobacco manufactures

Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals

Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining
_.
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
_
_




35. G
101.3
85.8
89.5
75.6
116.1
132.9
219.2
90.9
173.4
05. 3
75.4
85. 9
85.9
46.0
73.9
57.3
54.5
57.5
96.7
88.8
104.1
88.8
99. 7
103.8
118.3
100.3
105.9

-8.1
-10.7
+9.3 -10.9
+10.8 - 8 . 7
+2.4 - 2 0 . 1
+8.2 - 7 . 0
-2.7
+.6
+3.1 - 6 . 5
+.7 -6.6
+56. 8 - 1 7 . 3
-3.3 - 5 . 7
+3.5 - 3 . 2
+3.2 - 7 . 9
+1.2 - 4 . 5
+9.5 -13.0
-8.8
-2.6
-5.4
-5.0
-1.7
-1.2
-6.1
-5.5
-8.8
-.5
+.2 -13.2
- . 3 -12.8

22.9
75.0
66.1
(53.0
79.3
118.0
131.2
258. 7
76.2
167.1
62.3
78.1
80.7
98.5
50.5
72.1
53.0
06.6
51.3
91.4
88.3
98.4

-7.1
-3.3

81.3
96.8

-16.5
-7.2
-18.8
-24.1

113.2
134.2
106.8
113.7

-10.9
-5.2

+1.1
-2.4
-.1
+.6

-.3
-1.7

-3.4
-21.8
+20.0 - 2 1 . 9
+27.0 - 2 1 . 0
+4.1 - 2 3 . 8
+6.2 - 8 . 0
-2.7
+.6
+5.6 - 9 . 2
+ 1.4 - 2 . 4
+56. 0 —31.8
-7.2 - 3 . 1
+5.1 - 1 . 8
+4.0 - 5 . 7
+3.0 - 1 . 4
+ 1.4 - 9 . 8
- . 1 -10.9
-4.0
-5.0
-18.1
-6.4

-2.2 +1.0
-4.3 - 5 . 9
-10.0
0
+2.3 - 1 2 . 0
+2.0 - 1 7 . 5
+1.2 - 9 . 8
-3.0

-3.0

-1.4 -17.3
-6.3
-1.8
— 1.1 - 2 0 . 8
-3.0 -26.1

-1.4
$18.41
11.14
-1.3
18.56
+9.7
17.48 +14. 6
23. 44
+1.7
24.53
-1.8
25.79
+(2)
34.73
+2.5
23.01
16.00
+.7
17.47
27. 06
+1.6
+.7
28. 74
28. 63 +1.8
25. 99 - 7 . 3
+2.6
24.82
+1.1
17.18
-1.0
18.07
16. 96 +1 3
+.5
27.10
+2.1
20.42
+2.4
23.37
28. 96
36. 39
34.60
25.54
29.40

+.1
-.0

-1.3
-2.3
-.8
-1.3

+5.0

-12.3
-12.4
-13.7
-4.0
-1.1
-. 1
-2.9
+4.4
-17.6

+2.7
+1.6
+2.3
+3.2
+3.7
-2.4
+.4
+2.8
+.3
-1.4
+1.3
-5.3
-3.0

+.2
+1.0
-2.5
-2.7

30.9
30.9
36.1
35.8
37.4
41.1
42.3
41.2
47.9
38.2
35.4
45.4
48.4
41.6
36.3
41.7
37.2
35.5
37.4
37.0
37.6
37.8

+• 1

+12.9
+16.1
+1.7
+.9
+L9
+.6
+9.1
-5.5
+ 1.9
+1.1
+2.5
-10.7
+4.9
+1.7
-1.4
+2.1
+1.6
+3.0
+3.6

-7.8
-6.4
-7.0
-3.8
-5.1
-3.9
-4.5
-.2
-15.7
-1.3
-.4
-4.4

+3.1
-7.9
-4.0
-.6

+.9

-3.8
-3.9
-5.1

Cents
60.7
37.4
51.6
49.2
62.8
59.5
61.2
85.1
47.6
42.9
49.6
59.3
59.2
69.1
73.5
59.9
46.0
51.1
45.4
76.4
54.7
61.9

-4.5
-1.7
-1.9
- 2 .21

+( )

-3.0

+.6
+.3
+.1
-8.1
+ 1.2
-l'.O
A

+2.1
-1.6
-.5

+.4

—. 7
-.7
-.8
-1.0

-9.5
-6. 6
-6.6
-7.6
-.7

+2.0
+3. 4
+ 1.4
+5.3
-3.5
+3.3
+1.4
+4.8
+.1
+11.3
-.1
+1.5
+1.7
-8.1
+2.8
+4.6
-.2

36.9
35.9

+1.2

-.6

80.0
.97.8

-.5

—. 5

+2.1
+2.5

36.9
35.2
37.6
37.3

-1.2
-2.9
-.6
-1.0

-4.3
-1.7
-4.9
-5.0

77.5
98.8
68.7
78.7

+.5
+.6
+.3

+3.2
+2.2
+2.1
+2.4

-4.8

Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal.
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes..
Rayon and allied products
Soap.
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes. _
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other

49.2
103.3
85.3
57.8
114.6
289.8
94.5
63.5
40.8
62.5
103.0

+2.6
-.4
+.4
-7.2
-1.9

+1.9
+3.1

-3.0
-23.7

+.4
+.3

+17.7
-2.7
-10.5
-17.2
-15. 9
-27.8
-7.7
-28.8
-33. 9
-30.3
-24.6

45.8
112.7
92.4
64.3
113.5
206.1
108.5
63.3
32.4
61.0
91.3

+6.8
-3.8
+3.4
-3.0
-4.0

+3.1
+1.4
+1.1
-20.9
+4.4
+1.7

+29. 5
+•7
-11.0
-16.7
-18.0
-32.3
-7.2
-34.0
-40.8
-34.8
-30.6

13. 31
23.65
30.63
18.55
27. 38
22.68
28.32
24.84
20.15
28.43
20.81

+4.1
-1.5
+3.0
+4.5
-2.2
+1.2
-1.7
+4.2
+3.7
+4.0
+1.4

+10.3
+3.5
-.6
+.7
-2.3
-6.2

+.6

-7.3
-10.5
-6.4
-7.9

48.3
37.5
36.8
38.0
38.8
35.1
38.6
32.4
34.3
30.0
35.3

+.5
-.8
+.9
-.9

-3.1

+1.6
-.5
+3.5
+4.8
+4.3
+2.6

-1.0

+.1

-4.3
-3.2
-5.1
-8.7
-1.8
-6.5
-9.3
-5.5
-7.2

26.7
61.8
83.2
48.7
70.7
64.5
73.6
77.8
58.7
94.5
59.9

+2.8
+3.1
+2.0
+5.4
+.9

+8.3
+6.2
+4.0
+4.8
+2.8
+3.0
+2.2

+.7

-1.9
-1.3
-1.9
-.6

-.5
-1.2

—1.1

+.1
-.1

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average 1929=100]
Coal mining: 3
Anthracite
_
_
Bituminous 3._
_
Metalliferous mining
__
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing.
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 4
_.
Electric
light and power and manufactured
gas 4
Electric-railroad4 and motorbus operation and
maintenance
Trade:
4
Wholesale
Retail 4
General merchandising 4
Other than general
merchandising *
3 45
Hotels (year-round)
_
Laundries 3
Dyeing and cleaning 3
Brokerage 4
Insurance *
Building construction

-17.8
-16.0
-39.6
-20.6
-8.1

20.2
56.8
37.8
37.0
66.7

-59.4
-.3
-17.8
-.9
-1.2

-47.2
-26.9
-51.4
-27.3
-5.4

$14. 76
19. 27
23.84
21.38
33.42

-6.0

90.9

(2)

-1.4

30.19

^2

-5.1

98.5

-.2

-3.7

33.50

-4.5

69.0

-.9

-2.6

-4.4
-7.4
-8.4
-7.1
-3.1
-7.6
-2.2
— 15. 6

73.6
68.1
80.4
65. 6
77.4
82.9
77.5
(6)
(a)

-.2
-1.9
-4.5
-1.3
-2.7

-4.3
-6. 5
-7.9
-0.1
-2.4
-6.9
-2.5
—21.8
-2.0
-32.9

+2.1
-31.8

0)

+1.3

-6. 9

+3.9
+1.3
+1.8

1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours.
Percentage changes over year are computed from indexes. Percentage changes over .
month in average weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing
industries combined, and for retail trade are also computed from indexes.
2 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
«Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.




-35.8
-12.9
-19.5
-8.4

14.9
21.5
35.9
39.2
39.8

-51. 3

+1.9

-43.3
-14.3
-13.5
-8.4

+.5

38.4

0

-1.8

82.7

-.4

+1-7
+5.9

—. 5

+2.9
+4.9
+1.5

88.5
88.1
66.7
54.2
84.2

39.3

-2.3

-2.0

85.3

+1.6

+3.3

32.20

-.6

+2.0

44.6

-1.2

-3.6

71.1

+.7

+5.8

29.76
21.72
18.33
24.41
14.61
17.29
19.85
34.05
30. 70
29.52

+.5
+1.1

+.1
+1.1
+.5
+ 1.1
+.7
+.8

42.1
42.6
39.0
43.6
46.8
42.3
42.0

-.8
-.5
-1.6
-.3
-.2
0
-3.1

-2.5
-1.1
-1.6
-3. 7
-4.1
-3.2

70.9
55.9
49.8
57.7
31.0
41.4
47.6

+1.1
+2.0
+1.4
+2.1
-.4
+.4
-1.3

(6)
33.0

+1.1

(6)
-3.9

(6)
89.5

(6)
-.6

+1.4
+3.3
-.4
+4.1
+2.7
+5.3
+4.3
(6)

-49.0

+1.6

r ^

-2.6

-.3

-.2

+1-4
-1.1
+.1
—5.0

+1.5
+.9
+.5

—.4
—7. 2
-4.0
-1.7

-5.5
-2.3
-.8

(b)

+1.1

-5.1

+.4

-1.6
-.3

+.6

-2.9
(<)
-6.6
-.8

()
+1.7

4
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation
officers,
executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
s
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
«Not available.

u-i

TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, July, June, and May 1938
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25=100 and are adjusted to 1933 Census of M-anufacture?. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to October 1936.
Comparable series available upon request]

Employment index

Average weekly earnings i

Pay-roll index

Average hours worked
per wee.k i

Average hourly earnings i

IndustryJuly
1938

All manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

June
1938

May
1938

July
1938

June
1938

May
1938

July
1938

June
]938

May
1938

July
1938

June
1938

May
1938

July
1938

June
1938

May
1938

Cents

Cents
64.8

Cents
65.0

76.1

75.8

77.4

67.2

67.2

69.2

$22.17

$22. 30

$22. 43

34.9

34.4

34.4

63.9

64.0
89.1

65.8
86.5

68.2
87.4

55.4
82.2

58.1
78.8

60.5
80.3

23.74
20.83

24.22
20.52

24.29
20.64

33.6
35.9

34.0
34.7

33.9
34.9

71.1

71.8
58.7

72.1
58.8

72.4
78.9
58.7
55.7

73.1
78.8
58.8
57.3

75.5
82.1
61.4
57.1

55.8
57.4
50.0
42.2

57.4
59.0
52.3
41.0

60.9
63.9
55.7
40.6

21.65
21.43
19. 37
20.24

22.17
22. 21
20. 16
19.11

22.75
23.08
20. 56
19.06

29.1
25. 8
27.3
34.1

29.6
26.5
28.3
32.7

30.2
27.6
29.2
32.7

76.1
83.6
70.9
59.0

76.3
84.1
71.1
57.6

76.3
83.7
70.5
57.5

59.8
39.1
53.2
80.5

70.7
40.7
57.7
80.4

71.8
43.4
59.8
79.7

49.1
28.1
48.9
55.5

58.0
28.4
53.1
57.4

58.2
31.0
53.9
58.7

20.59
22.06
20.77
21.83

20.51
21.36
20.77
22.55

20.28
21.82
20.37
23.28

33.6
29.5
31.8
32.9

33.6
28.9
31.8
34.1

33.9
29.6
31.4
34.7

62.5
74.8
65.2
66.2

62.8
to. o
65. 3
66.0

62.1
73.9
64.9
67.0

58.8
71.2
57.0
93.4

56.8
74.5
56.2
90.1

57.0
76.5
57.5
88.7

46.8
54.8
52.8
96.7

46.4
58.3
50.4
95.1

43.1
61.5
52.7
93.6

23.18
22 51
25.95
22.29

23.79
22.95
25.26
22. 71

22.01
23 61
25.77
23.30

32.9
34.4
35. 8
37.8

34.1
34.9
34.7
37.8

30.9
35.7
35.8
37.9

70.3
66 1
72.5
59.0

69.8
66.4
72.8
60.1

70.9
60. 6
72.2
61.9

69.9
98.3

73.2
103.5

74.9
116.0

61.7
78.7

65.2
85.8

68.5
98.3

20.40
19.87

20.71
20.59

21.25
20.99

32.8
30.6

33.4
31.3

34.0
31.6

61.6
65.1

61.7
65.8

61.8
66. 5

82.7
91.9

86.0
317.2

89.6
129.5

73.2
104.4

76.9
141. 0

81.3
162.5

24.34
25.33

24.68
26.80

24.96
27.98

33.5
34.6

33.8
36.6

34.1
37.2

72.3
73.3

72.7
73.5

72.9
75.4

122.6
72.9
92.7
74. 2
104.0

121.9
75.2
104.4
75.7
108.8

124.4
78.0
108.5
79.2
116.4

118.3
64.8
85.9
63.8
82.0

115.8
67.3
95.0
(15. 8
86.1

116.4
69.1
101.6
70.1
96.8

27.93
24.33
28.14
23.95
24.26

28. 56
24.49
27.50
24.30
24.31

28.16
24.27
28.35
24.74
25. 54

35.0
32.7
34.7
33.6
33.3

35.2
32.7
33.9
33.9
33.4

34.8
32.3
34.8
34.7
34.9

80.7
74.2
81.4
71.0
72.8

81.8
74.7
81.5
71.4
72.7

81.2
74.9
81.6
71.3
73.0

58.2

Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery

Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel. _
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
_
. . .
.
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools,files,and saws)
Wirework

Machinery, not including transportation equipment

Agricultural implements
.
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
.
. _ _ . . .
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppliesEngines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools.
_




Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation equipment
Aircraft
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuilding
Railroad repair shops
p]lcctric railroad
Steam railroad
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
. ..
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices
Jewelry
Lighting equipment--.
.
Silverware and plated ware. _
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc
Stamped and enameled ware -... .
Lumber and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
_.
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery...

02.3
56.1
11.2. 8
55.3
698.5
53.2
25.6
24.6
90.8
40.8
59.3
39.4
77.9
91.0
82.4
S4. 8
77.4
58. 8
58. 8
07. 3
90. 3
54.2
64. 8
45.1
41.6
57.2
39.8
63.5
79. 5
37.5
68.3

59.9
67.8
65.1
83.9
73.8
92. 5
74.6
76. 8
83.3
71.9
01). 8
72 2

:i2. l
32. 0
38. 4
33. 8
37.5
IW. 0

40. 9
33. 8
3"». 0
33. 1
28. r.
33. \)
31.4
M '.)
39. 1
33.«.)
3«. 8
33.2

61.0
67.0
6o.O
88.4
74. 0
93. 0
74.1
76.4
80.4
72.4
70.1
72. 0
65.6
OS. 1
71.4
57. 0
58. 0
68. 1
04. 7
•17. 7
01.8
51. 5
52. 2

68 2
70.9
60.0
00. 9
08. 8
03. 4
r>8.2
02. 7
53.1
53. 1

60.7
66.9
64.9
88.5
72.9
92.0
74.2
78.0
82.7
72.0
60.8
72.3
66.3
OS. 0
71.4
00. 5
01. li
H7. 2
03. 0
<17. 0
i\'2.'.)
53.1
f>1.3

39.6
37.0
3*. 7
37.0
37.8
31.9
36. 4
32.5

39.0
38.0
35.7
37.7
38. 9
33.4
37.1
34.0

38. 9
38.2
38.0
36.6
40.2
33. 6
39. 3
34.9

55. 0
50.2
63.8
51. 1
09. 0
70. 7
68.8
02. 3

54. 9
52 7
64.1
51.8
C)S. 4
70. 5
67.8
63.6

51.8
64.0
51.8
08. 3
69.8
OS. 0
64. 2

32.7
33. 9
29. 3
34.0
35. 6
35. 7
34. 3
32.7
33. 7
35. 4
30.1
28.3
31.3
31.6
32.0

31.4
32.4
30. 5
31.3
34. 7
34. 5
29. 6
33.1
33.5
33.7
29.2
26.2
30.2
31.7
34.3

31.8
32. 2
27. 1
31.1
34.8
30. 0
28.0
33.7
34.0
30.6
31.0
27.1
33.1
34.9
33.0

48.0
46.4
03.9
31>. 2
47.3
54. 0
70.1
50. 8
44.4
53. 4
51.4
58.2
52. 1
40. 5
35.1 1

47.9
47. 3
04. 3
10.1
48.4
54. 7
72.0
51.4
44.2
53. 7
18.9
54.8
49.3
46. 5
35.1

70.1
48.4
79.1
59.9
683. 7
56.1
34.4
22.3
106. 7
42.5
67.3
40.8
68.7
02 3
70.5
68. 1
50. 6
50 7
54. 0
04. 0
92. 8
47.4
47.8

22.11
22.25
19. 02
29.54
28.78
29. 72
24. 42
24. 51
31. 34
29.00
30. 39
28. 08
22. 51
23. 07
24.74
10.58
21.49
2L 22
20. 55
:25. 0l>
21. 14
18.84
17.80

22.07
22.80
19.56
29.64
29.11
29.49
26. 14
25.08
31. 61
29.70
31. 19
29. 35
22. 20
22. 75
23. 14
16. 75
21.82
22. 10
20. 85
26. 14
21.3.-)
19.52
18.42

21.64
22.30
19.19
28.14
29.14
27. 65
25. 07
26. 38
30. 92
29.94
31.32
29. 02
22.55
23. 97
23. 78
17. 25
21.00
21. 14
21.4.1
20. 42
21.45
19.21
17. 89

36.3
33.3
29.3
33.6
39. 4
32. 0
33. 0
32. 1
38.8
39.8
42.5
39. 5
34.0
33. 9
34.7
29. 0
30. 2
31.2
31.7
37. 1
31.0
36.5
34.2

36.9
33. 7
30.0
33.4
39.7
31.9
35. 0
32. 7
37.3
41.1
43.8
40. 7
33.5
33. 4
32. fi
27.9

41. 1
57. 3
78.2
45.8
48.3

75.1
46.8
SO. 2
57.7
655. 7
53.7
31.1
19.6
108. 9
41.0
66.2
39.2
65.5
84. X
67.2
63. 4
53. 7
49 6
52. 0
01.0
84. S
48,1.
49. 7

44.2
42.4
57.4
39.9
62.2
80.9
37.3
68.6

44.0
34. 9
43.5
32. 0
<V5. 8
69.1
32.4
47.0

42.4
38.1
51.3
32.5
65. 9
77.1
32.7
54.0

41.0
38.2
52.6
32.3
66. 4
78.5
34.4
58.0

21. 70
18.29
21.90
18. 83
26.13
22. 55
24. 93
19.14

21. 36
19.76
22.77
19.43
26. 62
23. 48
25. 19
20.93

21.39
19. 42
23. 12
19. 17
27. 44
23.44
20. 77
22. 38

82.3
76.8
63.7
SO. 9
77.7
101.7
67.1
99.0
f>9. 1
51.7
93. 2
76.2
132. 8
8fi.fi
114.4

64.7
66. 4
40. 2
70.5
67.8
78.2
63. 0
94.7
42.6
53.2
58. 6
57.3
69.2
73. 5
77.6

60.2
01.8
40.0
01. 0
69. 0
76.7
40.8
96. 1
41.2
45.4
54.6
43.2
72.0
76.5
82.1

63.7
62.7
4(5.7
05. 9
71.5
83. 1
47.5
97.7
46. 5
37. 3
03. 0
47.9
88.4
84.7
79.5

15.67
15. 72
18. 09
13. 29
16. 57
19. 60
23. 85
16.41
15.17
IS. 85
15. 50
16. 37
17. 14
14.77
12.18

15. 03
15. 29
19. 61
12.52
16.82
1.8. 97
20. 05
16. 08
15.04
18.02
14. 31
14.09
16. 25
14. 91
12.74

15. 23
15. 12
17.41
12. 70
16. 89
19.74
19. 20
17.00
15. 30
16. 65
15. 52
14.86
18.14
16. 27
12. 17

86.3
60.0
112.9
68.2
745.1
68.7
32.1
33. 0
93.1
41.0
00.4
39. 6
82.5
94.9
83.6
90. 7
73. 6
63. 6
08.8
71. I
l().r). 3
54.4
63. S

75.9
46.2
78.3
51.3
631.8
46.7
26.0
15.5
105.6
40.9
64.0
39.3
65.0
86. 5
72. 3
62. 8
54. 4
4 S <i

:;.•. 2

35. 9
3-3. 4
29. 5
31.9
40.4
30. 0
34. 6
33.8
37.0
41.3
•\\. 0

ee!o

Nondurable goods

Textiles and their products
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing and finishing textiles.
Hats, fur-felt
Knit goods
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments.-.
Men's furnishings
See footnotes at end of table.




47.9
47. 3
04. 2
40. S
48.2
54. 4
72. 9
51. 3
44.6
54. 0
49.1

55. 1
49.7
46.3
34.1

TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, July, June, and May 1938—Contd.
M ANUFA CTURING—Continued

Employment index

Pay-roll index

Average weekly earnings

Average hours worked
per week

Average hourly earnings

July
1938

July
1938

June
1938

May
1938

Cents

Cents

Cents

Industry
July

JULIO

July
1938

May

1938

May
193S

June

1938

July
1938

June
1938

May
1938

35. C
101.3
85.8
89.5
75. (i
116.1
132.9
219.2
90. 9
173. 4
(55. 3
75. 4
85. 9
85.9
40.0
73.9
57.3
54.5
57.5
96.7
88.8
104.1

42.9
100.8
78.5
80.8
73.9
107.3
132.1
212.7
90.2
110. 0
07.5
72. S
83.2
84.8
42.1
75.9
60.3
55.1
00. 9
97.2
88. 0
104.5

52.1
105.0
82.5
85.8
74.0
101.8
129. 9
201.3
87.5
82.9
00. 9
71.5
79. 4
83.3
38.6
76.4
59.4
55.7
59.8
98.5
89.0
105.4

22.9
75.0
66.1
63.0
79.3
118.0
131.2
258.7
76.2
107.1
62. 3
78.1
80.7
98. 5
50.5
72.1
53.0
66.6
51.3
91.4
88.3
98. 4

28.0
80.2
55.1
49.6
76.1
111.1
130.4
245.0
75.1
107.1
67.2
74.4
77.6
95. 6
49.8
72.1
55.2
68.2
53.6
91.4
86.3
96.4

35.0
83.5
58.3
54.1
74.7
107.0
128 1
233.1
73.5
85.4
63. 6
71.3
74.0
94. 6
46.7
73.1
52.5
63.8
51.1
93.8
87.5
98.7

$18. 41
11.14
18.56
17.48
23. 44
24.53
25.79
34.73
23.01
16.00
17.47
27.06
28.74
28. 63
25. 99
24.82
17.18
18.07
16.96
27.10
20.42
23.37

$18. 35
11.22
16.30
14.71
23.11
24.98
25.76
33. 51
23.18
15.98
18.19
26.66
28.42
28.19
27.89
24.22
16.91
18. 49
16. 57
27.04
19. 89
22.89

$19. 72
31.87
16.66
15.12
22.57
25.40
25.81
33.30
23.37
17. 05
17. 26
26. 00
28.43
28.38
28.52
24.50
16.31
17.16
10. 13
27.41
20. 33
23. 20

30.9
30.9
38.1
35.8
37.4
41.1
42. 3
41.2
47.9
38. 2
35. 4
45. 4
48.4
41.6
36.3
41.7
37.2
35.5
37.4
37.0
37.6
37.8

28.4
30.8
31.7
30.4
36.8
40.7
42.3
40.3
48.1
34. 9
37. 4
44.5
47.6
40. 7
40.8
39.7
36.9
36.6
37.0
36.4
36. 7
3'i. 7

88.8
99. 7

87. 8
102.2

90.2
103.1

81.3
90.8

80.3
99.8

83.7
101.4

28.96
36.39

29.02
30.81

29. 40
37.03

36.9
35.9

103.8
118.3
100. 3
105. 9
49. 2
103.3

103.9
117.0
100. G
107.7
47.9
103.7

107.2
117.4
104.8
107. 0
57.3
104.0

113.2
134. 2
106. 8
113.7
45.8
112.7

114.8
130.6
108.0
117.2
42.9
114.8

117.7
138.4
111.3
115.9
51.2
114.6

28.48
34.60
25.54
29. 40
13. 31
23.65

28.80
35. 2(<
25.63
29. 90
12.87
23. 95

28.50
35. 78
25. 17
29. 63
12.82
23. 89

35.2
37.6
37.3
48.3
37.5

June

May
1938

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textiles and their products—Continued.
Weariue apparel—Continued.
Millinery
Shirts and collars. _
_
Leather and its manufactures
_
Boots and shoes
_.
Leather
Food and kindred products..
Baking
I leverages
JJ utter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
___
_.
Sugar refining, cane
_
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes...
_
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals
Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum
refining
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations




43. 1
47.6
41.2
39. 4
39.7
35.2
31.3
35.3
37.0
36.9
37.3

60.7
37.-i
51.6
49. 2
02. 8
59.5
01.2
85. 1
47. r,
42. U
49.6
59.3
59.2
09.1
73. 5
59.9
48.0
51.1
45.4
76.4
51. 7
01.9

ii3. 0
37.8
51.4
48.0
63.0
61.4
61.3
81. 1
4S.il
40. 7
•18. !>
59. 0
60. 1
69.0
70.8
61.0
45.7
50.9
45. 1
77.4
55. 3
62. 5

SI. I
IS. 2
50..")
4S. X
59. 3
59. 0
OS. S
75.2
01.8
46.2
50.4
45.8
76.9
bo. 5
62.3

36. 5
35.8

37.3
36.1

80. 0
97. S

80.6
99.4

79. 9
99. 4

37.3
36.3
37.7
37.7
48. 3
37.8

37.7
37.0
37.9
37.6
49.3
37.6

77.5
98. 8
08.7
7S. 7
26. 7
61.8

77.0
97.8
OS. 5
79. 3
20.1
59.7

75.7
07. 5
07. 2
7s. y
25. 4
59.3

31. 9
32.1
31.4
30.4
35.8
40.7
42.3
39. 7
4S. 5
31,5
35. a

37. 7
52.2
4S. +
«",3. 3
62. 4
i ) L . •")

Explosives
_
..
Fertilizers
Points and varnishes
Ravon and allied product^
Soap
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
R u b b e r goods other

85. 3
57.8
114. 6
2*9. 8
94.5
68.5
40.8
62. 5
103.0

84.9
62.3
110.7
284.2
91.7
70.6
53. 5
02.2
102.7

84.8
90.4
118. 7
304.0
91.7
71.5
52.4
02.3
105.0

92.4
04.3
113.5
206.1
108.5
63.9
32.4
01.0
94.3

89.3
66.3
118.2
258.1
107.1
63.2
41.0
58.4
92.7

85.9
95.7
122.2
275.0
107.2
63.1
30.7
57. 0
96.8

30.63
18. 55
27.38
22.08
28.32
24.84
20.15
28.43
20.81

29.65
17.33
27.79
22.42
28.81
23.75
19.18
27. 35
20.49

28.52
17.46
28.17
22.34
28.84
23.39
18.98
26. 67
20.72

36.8
38.0
33.8
35.1
38.6
32.4
34. 3
30.0
35.3

36.4
38.0
39.9
34.6
38.8
31.3
32.1
28.7
34.5

34.9
39.0
40.7
34.6
38.7
31.1
31.4
27.9
35.1

83.2
48.7
70.7
64.5
73.0
77.6
58.7
94.5
59.9

81.5
45.8
69.7
64.8
74.5
77.0
59. 8
94.5
59.7

81.7
44.9
09 3
04. 0
74 7
7C.9
00. 5
95. 0
59. 4

NON MANUFACTURING
[Indexes arc based on 12-month average 1929=100]
Coal mining:
Anthracite 2
Bituminous *
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmelaUic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph s
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas a
Klectric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance :i
Trade:
Wholesale 3
Retail 3
General merchandising 3
Other than general merchandising 3
Hotels (year round) 2 3 5
Laundries 2
Dyeing and cleaning 2
Brokerage 3 6
Insurance 3 6__
Building construction °

41. 6
78. 0
49. 5
44.1
72.1

50. 0
SO. 2
r.f>. 0
43.0
72.8

52. 8
82.2
5*. 8
43.7
73.2

20.2
50.8
37.8
37.0
00. 7

49.7
57.0
40.1
37.3
07. 0

38. 3
55. 3
51. 2
38.3
00. 7

$14.70
19.27
23. 84
21. 38
33. 42

$28. 94
18. 92
25. Go
21. 01
34. 23

$23.61
17.81
27.12
22.11
33. 61

14.9
21.5
35.9
39.2
39. 8

30.6
21.0
37.9
40.4
40.2

25.1
19.7
40.1
41.0
39.4

88.5
88.1
06. 7
54.2
84.2

93.2
87.9
07.9
53. 5
83.6

\Y2. 3
SS. 1
67. *
53.'..»
85. L'

74.9

74.8

75. 0

90. 9

90. 9

91.3

30.19

31.08

31.14

38.4

38.4

38.4

82.7

85.5

85. 6

92.5

92. 2

91.7

98.5

98.0

97.4

33. 50

33.55

33. 33

39.3

40.3

39.3

85.3

83.6

85.0

70.1

70.4

70.0

09. 0

09. 7

71.2

32.20

32.37

32.96

44.6

45.0

45.9

71.1

70.9

70.7

80. 0
81.1
87.9
79.3
90. 7
97.7
10S. 6

87.2
83. 6
91.9
81.4
92.2
90. 0
110.8
-1.3

87.3
83.8
92. 4
81.5
93.7
90.2
109.9
-1.9

73.6
08.1
SO. 4
05. 0
77.4
82.9
77. 5

73.8
09.5
84.3
00. 4
79.6
81.8
83.3
-.1.2

75.1
70.0
84.4
07.0
80.5
80.9
80.7
-4.0
-.1

29.76
21.72
18.33
24.41
14.61
17.29
19.85
34. 05
30. 70
29. 52

29.83
21.46
18.22
24.11
14.95
17. 20
20.93
34.06
36. 64
29.43

30.30
21. 45
18.15
24.18
14.80
17.10
20. 30
33. 61
30. 27
29.07

42.1
42.6
39.0
43.6
46.8
42.3
42.0
(4)

42.5
42.7
39.3
43.7
46.8
42.4
43.3
(4) ;..
(*)
32.6

42.8
42.7
39.3
43.7
46.6
42.0
42.1
(4)
(4)
32.3

70.9
55. 9
49.8
57.7
31.0
41.4
47.6
(4)
(4)
89. 5

70.7
55.0
49.4
56.6
31.4
41.0
48.6
(4)
(4)
90.4

71.3
51. 5
48.9
50. 2
31. 5
41.1
48. 4
(4)
4
()
90. 3

+2.3
+.4
+1.3

+.3

+.1

+.2

+3.4

+3.9
+ 1.3
+1.8

+ 1.1
+1.1

1
Average weekly earnings are c o m p u t e d from figures furnished b y all reporting establ i s h m e n t s . A v e r a g e h o u r s a n d average h o u r l y earnings are c o m p u t e d from d a t a supplied
b y a smaller n u m b e r of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s as all reporting firms d o not furnish m a n - h o u r s .
T h e figures are not siricMy c o m p a r a b l e from n . o n t h to m o n t h because of changes in t h e
size a n d composition of t h e r e p o r t i n g s a m p l e .
2
Indexes adjusted t o 1935 census. C o m p a r a b l e series back to J a n u a r y 1929 presented
in J a n u a r y 1938 issue of t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n .
s Average w e e k l y earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable w i t h




+5.8

0)

33.0

figures p u b l i s h e d in p a m p h l e t s prior to J a n u a r y 1938 as t h e y now exclude corporal ion

officers,
executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
4
Not available.
• Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
c
Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding month substituted.

16
INDEXES OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS

Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 5 for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for 13 nonmanufacturing industries, including 2 subgroups under retail trade, by months,
from July 1937 to July 1938, inclusive. The accompanying chart
indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January
1919 to July 1938.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative establishments in 89 manufacturing industries and cover wage earners only. The base used in
computing these indexes is the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100. In
July 193S reports were received from 25,434 manufacturing establishments employing 3,716,819 workers, whose weekly earnings were
$82,413,317. The employment reports received from these establishment? cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all
manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of
the wage earners in the 89 industries included in the monthly survey
of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, and building construction cover wage earners
only, but the figures for public utilities, trade, hotels, brokerage, and
insurance relate to all employees, except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties arc mainly supervisory. For
crude-petroleum producing they cover wage earners and clerical field
force.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls
for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.




EMPLOYMENT & PAY BOLLS
AIL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
tutor Numbers

/92325J00

/ndexh'umbers

'4Q

120
WO
SO

IdO

J \\
JT

60

120

AVI
1

/

JPay

ployment

Roh

v
/

40

V

20

1

r\r

A
Y

fOO

1

80
60
40

20
/)

Q

1919 /920 192/ /922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 /928 /929 ffiO /93I 1932 /933 /934 /935 1936 1937 1938 u
UMT£D Sara BUREAU OFUBOR




smnsms

18
TABLE 5.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing * and Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, July 1937 to July 1938, Inclusive
Employment
Industry

Avg.
1937
1938
for
year
1937 July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

Manufacturing

All industries—

75.8 76.1

99.3 101.4 102. 3 102.1 100.5 94.7 88.6 82.2 82.3 81.7

79.6

77.4

75.1 73.3 72.4
95.5
98.1 97.3 97.6 02.4
Durable goods»
Nondurable goods *— 103.4 10 .1 106.9 107.3 103.6 97.3 93.3 89.9 92.1 91.7
Nonmanufacturing

70.0

68.2 65.8 64.0
87.4

Anthracite mining
Bituminous-coal mining-..
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining
_
-•
Crude-petroleum producing
Telephone and telegraph-Electric light and power,
and manufactured gas...
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation
and
maintenance 8_._
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
.-.General merchandising
Other than general
merchandising
Year-round hotels
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning..

61.5 60.9 61.4 59.6 60.0 59.3 57.0 52.8 56.0 44.6
60.2 54.3 49.7
99.3 93.7 97.4 99. 4 102. 4 101.4 99.4 9fi. 9 95. 5 93.2 85.8 82.2 80.2 78.6
76.8 82.0 83.4 84.1 82.9 75.4 70.4 67.4 63.6 62.3 61.6 58.8 56.0 49.5
51.4 55.5 54.9 54.7 53.3 49.9 43.< 38.2 37.8 38.9 41.
76.5 78.

43.7 43.6 44.1

79.3 78.2 77.5 77.2 76.5 75.3 74.2 73.6 73.8 73.2 72.8 72.1

77.8 79.7 79. S 79.8 79.6 78.9 78.0 77.8 75.7 74.9 74.8 75.0 74.8 74.9
95.6 97.5 98.3 98.6 98.5 97.3 96.1 93.8 92.6 92.0 91.8 91.7 92.2 92.5
73.1

73.4

73.4

73.7

73.4

73.2

72.8

72.3

71.2 70.8 71.1

70.6

70.4

70.1

92.0 90.6 91.: 93.0 94.0 93.5 93.3 91.0 90.4 89.1 88.5 87.3 87.2 86. (>
89.8 87.6 86.2 90.7 92.1 91.7 100.4 84.1 82.4 83.0 88.2 83.8 83.6 81.1
90.55 101.0 92.4 91.9 87.9
104.3 95.9 93. 8 103.7 108.1 109.8 145.9 91.5
85.9 85.4

4.2 87.3 87.9

88.5 82.1

80.7

81.0 84.9 81.5 81.4 79.3

93.4 03.5 93.7 92.2 90.7
94.3
94.9
91.3 95.7 90.9
97.8 97.0 96.8 95.7 94.8 95.4 96.2 96.6 97.7
100. 6 105.81104. 7 104.1
107.5 111.0 110.3 112.8 110.5 103.5 99.2 96.8 95.6 98. 5 111.8 109.9 110.8 108.6
P a y rolls

Manufacturing
All industries

98.0 100.4 103.8 100.1 100.1

Durable goods 3
•_ 97. 5 100.7 104.0 1.4 101.7
98.5 100.0 103. 5 100.9 18.2 89.0
Nondurable goods 4
Nonmanufacturing

80.9 71.7
77~0
85.8

73.2

73.3

70.7

69.2

67.2

67.2

63.9 63.7 63.8 61.8 60. 5 58.1
81.6 85.1 85. 3 82.0 80.3 78.8 82.2

Anthracite mining
46.9 38.2 29.6 34.2 55.4 49.0 51.3 46.5 46.1 47.3 39.0 38.3 49.7 20.2
Bituminous-con 1 mining. _. SS. 5 77.7 «6.3 90.9 100.7 91.1 95.1 70.4 74.0 68.4 56.3 55.3 57.0 56.8
Metalliferous mining
74.0 77.8 83.0 82.2 81.7 71.6 65.1 59.1 55.8 56.3 53.3 51.2 46.0 37.8
Quarrying and nonmetal45.4 50.8 53.2 50.1 49.3 41.! 33.4 27.7 28.6 30.2 33.9 38.3 37.3 37.0
lic mining
Crude-petroleum produc68.2 70.5 70.8 71.2 69.9 70.2 69.8 68.2 69.6 68.0 68.0 66.7 67.6 66.7
ing
1
3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures. Comparable indexes are in
February 1937 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls or in April 1937 and subsequent issues
of Monthly Labor Review.
* 12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of
Employment and Pay Rolls, or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of Monthly Labor Review, except
for anthracite and bituminous-coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning. Indexes
for these industries from January 1929 forward have been adjusted to the 1935 census and are presented in
the3 January 1938 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls.
Includes: Iron and steel; machinery; transportation equipment; railroad repair shops; nonferrous
metals; lumber and allied products; and stone, clay, and glass products.
* Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindied products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
* Not including electric-railroad car building and repairing. See transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.




19
TABLE 5.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, July 1937 to July 1938, Inclusive—Continued
rolls

Industry

Avg.
for
year
1937

Nonmanufacturing—Con.
Telephone and telegraph.. 89. G
Electric light and power,
and manufactured gas... 99. G
Electric-railroad and motor bus operation
and
maintenance 6
70. G
Wholesale trade
Ketail trade
General merchandising
Other t h a n general
merchandising
Year-round hotels
Laundries
_
Dyeing and cleaning-

1937

1938

July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July

92.1 92.1 92.3 94.9 91.4 94.
102. 2 102. 6 104.0 105. 3 103.8 102. 8

93.'

92.6 91. 6 91.3 90.9 90.9
98.5 98.6 97.6 97.4 98.6 98.5

70.8 73.1 71.6 71.4 71.8 71.9 70. 6 70.2

70.0 71.2 69.7 69.0

76.6 76.9 79.0 78.3 79.3 78.3 77. 8 75.4 75.3 74.7
68. 6
73.1 72.8 72.3 74.4 75.9 75.3 80.0 70.1
68.4
82.2
92.5 87.3 85.7 92.4 96.2 97.1 123.3 84. G
81.5
65.8
09.1 G9.8 09. 5 70.7 71.7 70.8 71.8 67.1
G5.7
80.fi 79.4 80.5 82.4 84.1 84.3 82.0 81.0 83.6 80.9
83.0 89.0 88.0 80.4 83.4 81.1 81.1 80.1 79.1 78.6
77.6 79.5 81.3 85.7 83.6 73.7 08. G 05.5 65.2 68.2

74.6 75.1 73.8 73.6
72.2 70.0 69.5 68.1
89.4 84.4 84.3 80.4
67.0 66.4 05.6
80.5 80.5 79.6 77,4
80. 0 80.! 81.8 82.9
87.2 80.7 83.3 77.5

8
Not including electric-railroad car building and repairing. See transportation equipment and
railroad repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.

TREND OF INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, BY STATES

A comparison of employment and pay rolls, by States and geographic divisions, in June and July 1938, is shown in table 6 for all
groups combined, and for all manufacturing industries combined,
based on data supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage changes shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—that is,
the industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand
total have not been weighted according to their relative importance.
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include
figures for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the
89 manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all
groups combined include all manufacturing industries, each of the
nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 (except building
construction), and seasonal hotels.




20
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
June and July 1938y by Geographic Divisions and by States
[Figures in italics are not compiled in the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating State organizations]
Total—all groups

Geographic division Num- N u m b e r
ber of on pay
and State
estabroll
lishJuly
ments
1938

Percent- Amount
age
roll
change of(1pay
week)
from July
1938
June
1938

Manufacturing
Percentage
change
from
June
1938

PerNum- Number centAmount
ber of on pay
age
estabihange of pay roll
roll
lishfrom (1 week)
July
ments
June July 1938
1938
1938

Percentage
change
from
June
1938

775. 948
54,983

Dollars
•1 1.5 17,170,236 +3.4
+7.8 1,057,702 +12.1

3,631
304

514,600
43,450

Dollars
+2.0 .0, 619,130 +4.9
801,382 + 15.0
+7.9

38,063
16,372
417,605
79,378
169, 647

+4.9
769,366
+4.1
351, 864
+.7 9, 655,903
+4.9 1,625, 207
3, 710,134

+6.0
+4.9
+2.0
+8.1
+2.1

212
151
1,808
410
746

29,587
9,186
230,838
61,845
139, 694

591,667 +5.6
+1.9
+4.0
+7.1
+1.4 4,916,388 +3.-2
+6.4 1,179,295 +11.0
2,941,172 +2.7

Middle Atlantic
31,611 1, 853,024
New York
19,685 832,363
New Jersey
4,310 317,229
Pennsylvania.. 7, 616 703, 432

, 1 46,420,166
.2 22,905,316
.2 7,919,130
- 2 . 7 15, 595, 720

-3.0

5,565 ,030,315
379,772
225, 250
2,324 425,293

New England
13,759
Maine
837
New Hampshire
660
Vermont
485
Massachusetts. 18,150
Rhode Island . 1.197
Connecticut
2,

+.4
+.2

-9.0

East North Central.. 25, 540 1,, 795,080 - 2 . 3 44:, 111,651
Ohio
7,339 487,074 - 1 . 2 11,417,989
Indiana
_ S, 056 220,672 - 5 . 3 4,997,694
Illinois
6 6,722 526,712 -1. 41'3,293,573
Michigan
4,025 330,991 - 7 . 6 8,981,938
Wisconsin
* 4,398 229,631
5,420,457

- 2 . 7 8, 669
- 1 . 7 2,530
1,074
-2.6
-1.2
2,463
- 8 . 1 1,062
+1.2 81,640

West North Central. 12,461
Minnesota
»2,782
Iowa
_
1,947
Missouri
2,886
North Dakota605
South Dakota..
459
Nebraska
1,362
Kansas
i° 2,420

439,895 +2.2 10, 568,44,
124,692 +5.3 3,169,112
60,225 +1.7 1,376,329
158, 561 +1.4 3,781,824
124,513
5,08E +1.6
205, 801
7,928 + 2.1
644,241
28,377 - 2 . 0
55,027 » +8.8 /, 276,625

+2.3
+3.7
+.2
+S.6

South Atlantic
11,246
Delaware__.
245
Maryland
1,618
District of Columbia
1,101
Virginia
_ 2,123
West Virginia.. 1,258
North Carolina- 1,583
South Carolina.
744
Georgia
1,489
Florida
1,085

787,135
- . 1 14, 687, 734
14,183
318,301
124,618 +1.8 2,842,426
37, 565
107, 755
125,226
162,524
72,744
103, 769
38,751

-2.5
-2.5
+4.0
+2.2
-.1
-7.4

East South Central..
Kentucky
Tennessee
_
Alabama
Mississippi

263,756
76,196
92.415
76.416
18, 729

-1.8
-2.0
-1.3
-4.0
+6.8

4,638
1,406
1,420
1,192
620

421
860
51
38
161
458

+1.3
+1.0

2,959
85
628

527,136
9,966
84,699

1, 002,302
2,012,612
2,797,968
2,379, 935
1,019,575
1,601,118
713,497

-1.9
-.8
+2.4
+3.1
+6.9
+2.5
-3.5

38
466
271
664
211
390
206

3,152
72,204
43,760
148,665
65,247
78,972
20,471

4, 599, 572
1, 463, 203
1, 581,996
1,268,687
285,686

+A
-2.4
+7.

+.8
-2.7
*-.2

- . 2 1,056
— 4
287
372
294
103

-.6
5
)

1,
,234, 201 - 2 . 4 29K 534,695
351,668
—. 7 8,087,673 - 1 . 8
168, 652 -3.7 3,842,962 -3.0
344, 690 -1.9 8,472,177
—1.2
211,291 -8.5 5,494,658 -7.6
157,900*+10.8 3,637,325 4+5.7
209,674
51,118
33,053
88,044
654
2,250
9,878
24,677

644

2 24,496, 200
+.1
9,868,725 +2.0
5,667,920
+.1
9,059,555 *-1.5

+.9

+4.8 4,979,407
+11.5 1,274,598
766,285
+3.1
+4.3 1,987, 2o2
18,094
+.8
58, 529
+2.3
243,460
-2.
+.6 631,189

+.6

+4.7
+7.1
+.6

+ 7:
+

?

+3.4
-4.4
-.1

221,345
1,847,153

+1.9
+2.8
* l

-1.6
105,649
- 1 . 8 1,331,608
958,753
-2.6
+4.3 2,136,035
878,001
+2.5
+.2 1, 086,404
-7.8
333, 715

-1.6
+3.4
+7.6
+4.0
-2.8

-2.3

+.3

157, 270
2, 598, 842
+.6
29, 813 - 1 . 8
557, 829 -5.5
65,489
- . 8 1, 083, 729 +1.5
50,178
-.9
796,823 +2.1
11,790 +10.6
160, 461 +11.2

+)

1,355 107,344
2,338,388
+.2
305
18,050 +.1 295,826
+.3
259
554,933 +2.5
28,716
113
232,432 - 2 . 8
9,870 -l'.S
-.2
678 50,708 +.8 1,255,197
1 Includes banks and trust companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and ofUce employment,
amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
2 Includes laundering and cleaning, and water, light, and power.
3 Includes laundries.
* Weighted percentage change.
* Less than Mo of 1 percent.
6
Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
7 Includes construction but not public works.
8 Does not include logging.
»Includes banks, real estate, pipe-line transportation, trucking and transfer, railroads (other than repair shops), motor transportation (other than operation and maintenance), water transportation, hospitals
(clinics), personal, business, mechanical repair, and miscellaneous services, and building construction.
i° Includes financial institutions, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
ii Weighted percentage change including hired farm labor.
»Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.

West South Central
6,229
Arkansas
_ u 1,119
Louisiana
1,064
Oklahoma
1,291
Texas
2,755




231,431
-.4
29,788 +.S
52, 596
41,242 - 1 . 0
107,805 —.6

5,262,074
623,246
1,064,227
1,017, 200
2,657,40.

+.1

+1.6
-2.6

21
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
June and July 1938, by Geographic Divisions and by States—Continued
Total—all groups
PerGeographic division Num- Number cent- Amount
ber of on pay
and State
age
roll
estabroll
change of(1pay
week)
lishfrom
July
July
1938
ments
June
1938
1938

Mountain
118,217
4,!
Montana
13, 632
64G
10, 298
Idaho
509
8, 512
Wyoming
322
Colorado
1, 273 40,841
6, 741
201
New Mexico. _.
443
13,012
Arizona
582
21,910
Utah
194
3,271
Nevada
10,371 441,086
Pacific
2, 760 86, 498
Washington
1,373
47, 931
Oregon
13 6,232 306, 657
California
8
13

Manufacturing
Percentage
change
from
June
1938

PerNum- Number cent- Amount
ber of on payage
roll
estabroll
change of(1pay
week)
lishJuly
from July
1938
ments
1938
June
1938

Dollars
+2.0 2,813,291

+4.0
+2.4
-6.6

+6. 5
+3.7

-3.7
376,129 - 1 . 9
254,417 - 5 .
220, 903 - 4 . 3
963,888
+.8
136, 39.r) — 1.0
312,447 - 1 3 . 5
458,414 - 6 . 0
90,698 - 2 . 1

+ (*)

12, 096,180
+1.2 2,131,150
- . 1 1,191,251
8,773,770
-.2

in

-2.8
-3.3
-3. 5
-2.7

587
86
64
42
193
32
42
109
19
2,569
548
306
1,713

38, 655
4,284
3,671
1,732
14,315
1,082
2,538
10, 288
745
224,461
47,860
27, S09
148,792

Dollars
898,152
+18.8
104,583
+8.3
91,073
+16.7
54, 207
+.6
352,082
+17.4
19, 607
+6.3
57,485
-11.3
199,454
+48. 9
19,661
+.4
+1.6 5, 727,089

Percentage
change
from
June
1938

+7.8
-3.2
+7.7
-3.3
+12.5
+1.8
-17.1
+23.6

-10.4
-3.6
1, 093,175 - 5 . 2
+
646, 574 - 6 . 0
&
1.0 3,987,340 -2.8

Less than Ho of 1 per cent.
Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS

A comparison of employment and pay rolls in June and July 1938
is made in table 7 for 13 metropolitan areas which had a population of
500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas, but having a
population of 100,000 or over, arc not included, as data concerning
them are tabulated separately and are available on request.
Footnotes to the table indicate which cities arc excluded. The
figures represent reports from cooperating establishments and cover
both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 with the exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries.
TABLE 7.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
June and July 1938* by Principal Metropolitan Areas
Metropolitan area
l
New York
Chicago 2
Philadelphia s..
Detroit
Los Angeles 5 ...
Cleveland
St. Louis
Baltimore
Boston 6
Pittsburgh
San Francisco 7.
Buffalo.—
Milwaukee

Number
of establishments
14,216
4, 501
2,023
1,776
2,921
1, 600
1,477
1,1*6
1,470
1,178
1, 645
861
1,154

Number

on pay
roll, July
551,741
400, 394
176,112
192, 500
144,903
106, 200
118,001
92,858
91,143
150, 049
77, 876
51,834
91,397

Percentage
change
from June
-1.5
-1.4
-.8
-10.6
-2.4
-1.2

+1.2
-1.9
-1.8
-.7
-1.9

+2.6
-3.4

Amount of

pay roll (1
week) July
$14, 874, 657
11.035,442
4, 66!), 632
5, 830, 789
4,186,484
2, 579, 265
2,857, 733
2.125,459
2, 453.180
3, 449,371
2, 270,727
1,385, 216
2,373, 626

»2 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or
Patorson, N. J., nor Yonkers, N . Y.
s
Does not include Gary, Ind.
Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
6
« Does not include Camden, N. J.
Figures relate to city of Boston only.
7
* Less than Mo of 1 percent.
Does not include Oakland, Calif.




in

Percentage
change
from June
-0.6
-.9
(4)

-8.0
-3.2
-1.9
+3.0
-.9
-.2

-6.2
-4.4
+3.4
-2.0

22

Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service
of the Federal Government in June and July 1938 are given in table 8.
TABLE 8.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the U. S. Government,

June and July 1938 l
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Jfem
July
Entire service:
Total

June *

808. 235 857,824

Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation..
Force-account (regular and emergency)

Percentage
change

Pay rolls
July

June 2

Percentage
change

+1.2
+.1

$128,119,436

$128,127,191

(3)

-.4

111,539,000
8,146,275

111, 508,338
8,305,085

-1.9

+14.6

8,434,161

8,313, 768

+1.4

730,4(10
62, 746

729,403
62, 984

74,999

65,437

116, 590

115.758

+.7

20,364, 822

20,413, 759

-.2

100,000
11,927

98, 573
12, 533

+1.5
-4.8

17, 863,035
1,805,371

17, 753, 528
1, 931,023

+.6

-6. 5

4, 657

4,652

+.1

696,416

729, 208

-4.5

751, 645

742,066

+1.3

107, 754, 614

107, 713, 432

Regular appropriation
630. 484
Emergency appropriation
50,819
Force-account (regular and emergency)
__ 70,342

630, 830
50,451

-.1

93, 675,965
6, 340,904

Inside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Outside the District of Columbia: .
Total

60, 785

+.7
+15. 7

7, 737, 745

93, 754. 810
(>, 374, 002

-. 1

7, 584, 500

+2.0

1 Data include number of employees receiving pay during the last pay period of the month.
Revised.
Less than Ho of 1 percent.

2
3

GOVERNMENT-OWNED CORPORATIONS

Semiannually the Civil Service Commission collects data on Government and Government-owned corporations. Employees of these
agencies are not paid directly by the Federal Government.
Employment and pay rolls in Government and Government-owned
corporations are shown in table 9.




23
TABTJS 9.—Employment

and Pay Rolls in Government Corporations and Government-

Owned Corporations
Number of1 employees

Total pay roll

Establishment
June 30,

Dec. 31,

1Q«»Q

1Q«»7
lvoi

24,962

25, 266

399
199
453
5,213
424
663
288
10,803
2,995
3, 521
4

lyoo

All establishments

_

_

Treasury: Office of Comptroller of the Currency, Division of Insolvent National Banks
_._
Farm Credit Administration:
Bank for cooperatives
Federal intermediatea credit banks
Federal land banks
General agents' offices
Joint stock land banks
Production credit corporations
Federal Reserve Banks
Inland Waterways Corporation
Panama Railroad Co. 3
_
Spruce Production Corporation
_
_

6-month
period
ending
June 30,
1938

6-month
period
ending
Dec. 31,
1937

$20,604, 746

$20, 798,880

415

488,254

445,071

187
478
5,534
425
730
303
10,385
3,172
3,633
4

274,878
536,085
4,646,707
504,869
762,025
409,975
9, 374,066
1, 723,257
1,875,840
8,790

263,555
527,545
4,844,460
521,711
846,653
415,096
9, 247,032
1, 750,278
1,929,089
8,390

1
Data on number of employees refer to employees on pay roll with pay during the last pay-roll period
of 2the month.
Includes
land-bank appraisers.
3
Includes the Panama Railroad Steamship Line, which is owned and operated by the Panama Railroad Co.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION

Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during July on construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds are given in table 10, by type of project.
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, July 1938 1
[Subject to revision]
"Wage earners

Type of project

Maximum
number
employed 2

"Weekly
average

Value of
Xumber of Avermaterial
age
man-hours
Monthly
orders
earnp:-iy-roll dis- worked
ings per placed durduring
bursements
ing month
hour
month

Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act
of 1933 funds

All projects
Building construction..
Naval vessels
Public roads *
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control.._
Miscellaneous
1
3

3

10,168

9,645

$868,807

1,224,527

$0.710

$850,744

1,232
677

1,056
659
5,362
1,548
965
55

138,905
90,812
362,737
193,130
78,122
5,101

119,886
104,006
640,317
238,824
116,479
5,015

1.159
.873
.566
.809
.671
1.017

122,792
18,498
370,000
223,171
106,914
9,369

1,694
1,130
73

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 Includes weekly average for public roads.
4
Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
5
Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.




24
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, July 1938—Continued
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum
number
employed

Weekly
average

Number of Aver- Value of
material
Monthly man-hours
age
orders
pay-roll dis- workod
earnduring ings per placed durbursements
month
hour ing month

Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Act of
1938 funds
All projects. —

325

322

$14,854

Building construction
Professional, technical, and clerical

18, 590 $0.799

301

298

14,429

18,147

.795

8,498

24

24

425

443

.959

0

$8,498

Non-Federal projects inanced from National Industrial Recovery
Act of 1933 funds
All projects

9,443

8,024

$906,217

821,972

$1.102

$1,974,267

Buildng construction
Railroad construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

4,305
24
877
2,976
1,261

3,623
24
749
2,513
1,115

474,592
111
51,111
285,623
94,780

352, 569
208
69,295
263,469
136,431

1.346
.534
.737
1.084
.695

1,167,807
0
88,191
440,244
278,025

__

Projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation
Acts of
1935. 1936, and 1937 funds 8
._

90,040

75,665

$7,210,860

8,797,119

$0.820

$13,534,669

Building construction t
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation. __
River, harbor, and flood control. _.
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

59,281
990
6,086
842
470
10,441
11,689
241

49,729

5,003,046
71,386
578,211
78,746
36,198
550,462
873, 326
19,485

5,583,914
98,839
688,809
98,118
58,906
1, 007,903
1,171,701
28,929

.896
.722
.839
.803
.615
.515
.745
.674

8,952,612
163,791
1,279,804
209,597
61,870
944,070
1,629,285

All projects'..__

826

5,152

698
423

8,782
9,834

221

293,640

•7 These data are also Included in separate tables covering projects financed by The Works Program.
Includes a maximum of 1,927 and an average of 1,641 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 funds who were paid $200,015 for 196,312 man-hours of labor. Material orders
in the amount of $134,473 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate tables
covering projects financed from The Works Program.

Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 and title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of
1936. The First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, reappropriated unobligated funds originally made available under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935 and authorized the use of $300,000,000 from
funds on hand or received from the sale of securities. The Public
Works Administration was continued until July 1, 1939, by the
Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937 and the Public




25
Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 further continued
the program to June 30, 1941.
Federal construction projects for which data are included in table
10 are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the National Industrial Recovery
Act. The major portion of the low-cost housing program now under
way, however, is financed by funds provided under the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Federal construction projects are
also financed by allotments from funds provided under the Public
Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. The work is
performed either by commercial firms which have been awarded
contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936,
the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the
Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. Most of
the allotments have been made to the States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been made to commercial
firms. In financing projects for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of
not more than 30 percent of the total labor and material cost. When
funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of
1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the Public
Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public Works
Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 are used to finance a nonFederal project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost may be
furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more
of the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify
such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the
grantee with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments
to commercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made
by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have
a definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works
Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public.
In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of
the activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives



26
and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads;
and third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in
commercial shops.
THE WORKS PROGRAM

By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of work to be carried out by 61 units
of the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by
title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, and was further continued by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1937. The
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938 extended this program
to June 30, 1939. Employment created by this program includes
employment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are
those conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments
from The Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works
Progress Administration are those projects conducted under the
supervision of the Works Progress Administration with the cooperation of States, cities, or counties.
A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed by The Works Program in July is shown in table 11,
by type of project.
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program,

July 1938 !
[Subject to revision]
of
Number of Aver- Value
material
Monthly man-hours
age
orders
dis- worked
earnMaximum Weekly pay-roll
placed
ings per during
during
number average bursements
hour
month
month
employed
Wage earners

Type of project

Federal projects
All projects.
Building construction.
_
Electrification
Forestry3
Grade-crossing elimination 4
Hydroelectric power plants «
_
Plant, 3 crop, and livestock conservation
_
Professional, technical, and clerical
Public roads *
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads..
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
-

285,778

$10,289,040

20,127,594

$0. 511

132,356 126,325
254
215
12,595 10,556
4,986
4,105
2,270
2,097

4,133, 853
12, 548
488,305
305,004
50,433

7,210,022
28,353
1,205, 266
476,617
219,541

.573
.443
.405
.640
.230

1,141,391
11,473
38, 387
393,976
41,972

18,940
5,067
2,766
38,307
45,834
21.334
640
9,592

874,059
381,598
179, 66«
1,749,880
1, 267, 723
611,350
13, 489
221,132

2,332,779
574,873
315,023
3,470,154
2, 203,396
1,398,125
63, 148
630, 297

.375
.664
.570
.504
.575
.437
.214
.351

107,023
36,714

21,351
5, 278
3,482
38,785
•16,075
22,680
696
11,115

379, 991
991,919
1,393,169
159, 200
10,836
6S, 683

1 Unless otherwise noted data are for the month ending on the loth.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
The data for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, under plant, crop, and livestock conservation,
and the Bureau of Forest Service, under forestry, are for the calendar month.
4
These data are for projects under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
* These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.




27
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program,

July 1938—Continued
of
Number of Aver- Value
material
Monthly man-hours
age
orders
dis- worked
earnMaximum Weekly pay-roll
placed
ings per during
during
number average bursements
month
hour
month
employed
Wage earners

Type of project

Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act funds of 1935, 1936, and 1937 »
All projects
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering:
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage. __
Miscellaneous._.

2 90,040

75, 005

$7, 210, S00

8, 797,119

$0. 820

$13,534,669

59,2S1
990
0, (ISO
812
470
10,411
11, OS!)
241

49, 7'29
8'W
5, lf>-2
G«.)S
4 23
8, 782
9,834
221

5,003,040
71,380
578,211
78, 746
30,198
550, 402
873, 320
19,485

5, 583,914
98, 839
GS8,809
98,118
58,900
1,007,903
1,171,701
28,929

. 890
.722
.839
.803
.015
.515
.745
.074

8,952,612
163,791
1, 279,804
209,597
61,870
944,070
1,629,285
293, 640

Projects operated b y Works Progress Administration

All projects

'2,900,832 _

$151,210,718 300,750,953

7

$0,503

2
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
0
Includes data for 88,113 employees working on non-Federal projectsand 1,927 employees working on lowcost housing projects. These data are included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction
of 7the Public Works Administration.
Data are for the calendar month. Not available by type of project.
* Represents number of names on pay roll for week ending July 30, 1938.
" Data on a monthly basis arc not available.

Table 12 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked for
the second quarter of 1938 on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration, by type of project.
TABLE ] 2.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Works Progress Administration, by Type of Project, for the Second Quarter of 1938
[Subject to revision]

Type of project

Number
employed

Pay-roll disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked

All projects.

2,805,219

Conservation
Highway, road, and street
-..
Professional, technical, and clerical...
Public buildings 2...
Publicly owned or operated utilities..
Recreational facilities*
Sanitation and health
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc
Transportation...1
Not elsewhere classified

111,958
16, 491, 502 33,513,530
., 303, 441 165, 164,800 367, 714,297
1,
288,245
50, 993, 509 89, 922, 833
214,170
36, 597.143 53, 840,040
252, 79S
46, 525, 313 87, 946, 535
240. 274
43. 035, 9J 4 72, 585, 503
72,854
9, 055, 820 21,809, 201
241, 174
30, 324, 531 81, 232,130
1.1, 782, 454
40, 421
7.103.418
8, 5S3, 621
27,884
4,112,505

$415, 404, 578 828, 930,144

Average
earnings
per hour
0.501
.492
.449
.634
.680
.529
.593
.415
.373
.603
.479

1 Data are for the week ending July 2, 1938.
2 Separate data for housing projects are not available.
3 Exclusive of buildings.

Table 13 shows the employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on work projects of the National Youth Administration from the
beginning of the program in January 1936 to July 1938, inclusive.



28
Similar data for Student Aid are shown from September 1935, the
starting date, to June 1938, inclusive.
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects
Financed by The Works Program^ From Beginning of Program Through July 1938 1
[Subject to revision]

Year and month

Number '
of per- i Pay-roll dissons em- ! bursements
ployed '

Number of
man-hours
worked

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed

Work projects
January 1936 to July 1938, inclusive _.
January to December 1936..
January to December 1937..

$82,304,000

220,528,402

$0.373

75,827,799
87,092,351
6,896,668
7, 288,377
7,610,360

.381
.374
.370
. 366
.362

7,673,809
8,286,913
9, 519,163
10,332,962

. 360
.358
. 361
.357

January 1938
February 1938
March 1938

144, 797
151,406
154,567

28,883,589
32, 601,360
2,549,914
2,667,226
2,751,797

April 1938.
M a y 1938June 1938..
July 1938--

158,082
172,134
202,184
213,972

2,700,533
2,967,134
3, 437,299
3,685,148

i $7, 316, 288

Student Aid

September 1935 to June 1938, inclusive..
September to December 1935-

$69,011,180

231,812,693

$0,298 I

19,612,976
85,424,616
83,028,847
6,980, 595
7, 584, 382

.324
.303
.291
.287
.285

7,781,022
7,920,942
8, 355, 521
5,123,792

.285
.285
.286
.300

January to December 1936
January to December 1937<__.
January 1938
February 1938

307,544
319,707

6,363,503
25,888, 559
24,188,039
2,001, 786
2,162, 506

March 1938..
April 1938...
M a y 1938—.
J u n e 1938—.

328,037
333,902
326,644
217,447

2,217, 742
2, 256, 566
2,393, 532
1, 538,947

(=0

* Data are for a calendar month.
a Data on a monthly basis are not available. This total represents expenditures through March 31. 1938,
and
includes rentals and services and some sponsors' contributions.
3
No expenditures for materials on this type of project.
* Revised.

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

The Civilian Conservation Corps, created in April 1933, was further
extended under the authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935. During the fiscal year 1937, the Civilian Conservation
Corps was continued from appropriations authorized by the First
Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936. Beginning with July 1, 1937,
the Civilian Conservation Corps was continued for 3 years by an act
of Congress. The Civilian Conservation Corps is usually regarded
as a part of The Works Program, although it is now financed by a
separate appropriation.
Employment and pay-roll data for the Civilian Conservation Corps
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled



29
personnel is $30 per month. Assistant leaders, not to exceed 10
percent of the total number of enrollees, may receive up to $36 per
month, and leaders, not to exceed 6 percent, may receive up to $45
per month.
Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
June and July 1938 are presented in table 14.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, June and
July 1938 l
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees

Amount of pay rolls

Group
July

July

June

June

All groups -

316,227

293,859

$14,266,482

$13,506,062

Enrolled personnel 2
Reserve officers
Nurses 3
Educational advisers 3
Supervisory and technical»

278,086
5,085
265
1,568
31,223

250,555
5,069
275
1,547
36,413

8,649,379
1,291,222
28,072
264,169
4,033,640

7,087,136
1,316,237
29,262
260,026
4,813,401

i Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amount of pay rolls are for the
entire month.
a July data include 3,921 enrollees and pay roll of $88,636 outside continental United States; in June the
corresponding figures were 3,514 enrollees and $82,923.
3 Included in executive service, table 8.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE
CORPORATION

Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects fmanced|by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in July are presented in table 15, by type of project.
TABLE

15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, By Type of Project, July 1938 *
[Subject to revision]
Maximum
number of
wage earners 2

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

All projects

2,997

$447,594

505,642

$0,885

$485,446

Building construction 8 .
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

171
2,716
110

16,268
424,883
6,443

20,204
473,897
11, 541

.805
.897
.558

13,783
471,133
530

Type of project

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed during month

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
3 Includes 62 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $5,903; 5,502 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed of $10,100 on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
2




30
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR
APPROPRIATIONS

FEDERAL

When a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is
started by a department or agency of the Federal Government, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms supplied
by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount
of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Blanks are
then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Government agency
doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show
the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay,
the number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of
the different types of materials for which orders were placed during
the month.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during July are given in table 16, by type of project.
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, July 1938 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
earners
Type of project

All projects
Building construction.
Electrification:
Rural Electrification
Administration projects 4
Other than Rural Electrification Administration projects.
Forestry
_
Heavy engineering
Public roads &
Reclamation
_
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments,
etc..
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

222,475 $23, 854.162

34, 220, 555

$0.697

$39, 327,117

1,462, HI

1, 529, 067

.956

2, 556,438

Maximum 2 Weekly
number
employed average
3 230,415

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

16, 732

13, 922

6.220

5, 221

684,241

.547

2, 254, 321

201
130
67
(6)
15,600

131
130
60
101,967
14, 865

8,019
8,338
8,467
9,703, 255
2,024, 020

11, 865
19,409
9,769
16, 576,918
2,407, 262

.430
.867
.585
.841

8,193
2,200
13,411
16,172, 092
2, 730, 630

35,154
10,198

29, 075
8, 971

2,981,409
1,056, 775

4.433, 042
1,430,549

.673
.739

4,040,144
1, 824, 794

43,176
1,918
3,185
195
1,672

42, 046
1,548
2,888
156
1,495

5,805, 530
145, 220
184. 900
10, 725
81,059

6.434, 203
175, 697
358,186
14,930
135,417

.902
.827
.516
.718
.599

8,758, 589
323,801
462, 783
110,416
69,305

374,

334

1
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
a Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
* Financed by Rural Electrification'Administration loans.l
* Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
* Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.




31
STATE-ROADS PROJECTS

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or local
funds in July 1938, compared with June 1938 and July 1937, is
presented in table 17.
TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
July 1938, June 1938, and July 1937 *
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees *

Pay-roll disbursements

Item
July 1938 June 1938 July 1937
Total
New roads
Maintenance

199,500
30,594
168,906

179,867
19,875
159,992

1

July 1938

June 1938

175,047 $12,982,940 $12,059,910
25,140
1,940,490 1,445,870
149, 907 11,042,450 10,614,040

July 1937
$11,998,370
1,697,530
10,300,840

Data are for the month ending on the 15th and are for projects financed wholly from State or local funds.
2 Average number working during month.




O