Full text of Employment and Payrolls : July 1935
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Serial N o. R . 279 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner Employment and Pay Rolls (Formerly “ Trend of Employment” ) + July 1935 + Prepared by Division of Employment Statistics Lew is E. T a l b e r t , Chief and Division of Construction and Public Employment H e rm a n B. B yer, Chief UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1935 CO N TEN TS Page Employment in July 1935________________________________________________ Industrial employment____________________________________________________ Manufacturing industries____________________________________________ Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls since January 1934__________________________________________________ Trade, public utility, mining, and service industries and building construction_______________________________________________________ Indexes of employment and pay rolls in trade, public utility, mining, and service industries_________________________________ Employment on class I railroads____________________________________ Trend of employment by States_____________________________________ Employment and pay rolls in principal cities_________________________ Public employment________________________________________ H _______________ Executive, legislative, military, and judicial services of the Federal Government__________________________________________ ______________ Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration___ Comparison by geographic divisions____________________________ Monthly trend__________________________________________________ Value of material orders placed__________________________________ Emergency-work program____________________________________________ Emergency conservation work________________________________________ State-ro'ad projects___________________________________________________ Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration____________________________________________________________ Construction projects financed from regular appropriations_________ Wage-rate changes_________________________________________________________ Manufacturing industries_____________________________________________ Trade, public utility, mining, and service industries__________________ (ii) 1 1 1 8 8 12 13 13 15 16 17 18 20 22 22 25 26 27 27 30 33 33 36 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS1 Employment in July 1935 I N contrast with the sharp contraction that ordinarily characterizes this season of the year, industrial employment in July was rela tively well maintained. The decline in factory employment was distinctly less than seasonal, the index for the month being within 0.1 percent of the June level. Employment in nonmanufacturing industries in July was largely influenced by an abrupt decline in coal mining, following the abnormal activity of the month preceding. Seasonal recessions in the retail trade also had an adverse effect on employment in nonmanufacturing industries. In spite of these factors, the estimated reduction in the number of workers employed in both the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries surveyed amounted to only 152,000 during the month interval. Weekly wage disbursements in July were approximately $7,200,000 less than in June. Employment in the regular agencies of the Federal Government in June totaled 1,438,535 as against 1,435,721 in June, a gain of 2,814 employees. Employment on Federal relief work, on the other hand, declined due to a sharp reduction in the number of workers employed on the emergency-work program. Industrial Employment Manufacturing Industries T a k i n g the 3 year average, 1923-25, as 100, the Bureau of Labor Statistics index of factory employment and pay rolls for July stood at 79.5 and 65.3, respectively. Compared with the correspond ing month of last year, the current employment index shows an increase of 1 percent and the current pay-rolls index a gain of 7.9 percent. Despite the decreases over the month in the composite indexes, 40 of the 90 manufacturing industries surveyed showed gains in employ ment and 32 showed larger pay rolls. Of the 14 major groups covered, 4 had more employees on their rolls, and 6 reported larger wage disbursements. As in the preceding month, the food group reported 1 Form erly published as “ Trend of Em ploym ent.” (i) 2 the largest gain in number of workers, 42,000, this representing a 6.4-percent rise. The lumber group followed with a gain of 27,500 workers or 6.1 percent, leather with a 5.2-percent rise indicating 13,900 additional employees, and the machinery group reported 12,300 or 1.7 percent more workers. Among the groups which showed declines in employment, the textile and transportation groups again stood out with losses of 42,400 workers (2.9 percent) and 36,600 (6.8 percent), respectively. The most pronounced increase in employment from June to July in the separate industries was a seasonal rise of 67.5 percent in the canning and preserving industry. A gain of 11.8 percent in the radio and phonograph industry was also seasonal. A number of industries related to building construction showed employment gains. Among these were plumbers, supplies (9.8 percent), sawmills (9.7 percent),, millwork (6.9 percent), brick (2.5 percent), and structural metal work (1.7 percent). The agricultural implement industry, an indicator of farm purchasing power, continued to take on more workers, the gain from June to July being 5.5 percent, bringing the index for the industry to 116.7., the highest point since May 1930. The lowest point was 26.9 in October 1932. Compared with the corresponding month of last year, the employment index for the agricultural implement industry shows an increase of 68.4 percent. The machine-tool industry, which is a barometer of orders placed for power-driven, metal-cutting machinery, also continued to take on more workers, the increase in July being 4.6 percent. The expansion in this industry, which began in November of last year, has brought the July employment index to 89.0, the highest since March 1931. Substantial gains in employment were also reported in silk and rayon goods (8.1 percent), shipbuilding (7.8 percent), boots and shoes (6.4 percent), beverages (5 percent), ice cream (3.5 percent), furniture (3 percent), and men’s clothing (2.6 percent). Other important industries in which small gains in employment were reported were: Foundries and machine shops, book and job printing, leather, chemicals, and petroleum refining. The most pronounced decline in employment in manufacturing industries in July (34.3 percent) was in the electric and steam carbuilding industry, and was due primarily to the completion of contracts and lack of new orders. Locomotive plants reported a drop of 29.8 percent in number of workers. Seasonal factors were primarily responsible for the declines in employment of 23.4 percent in millinery, 14.1 percent in fertilizers, 11.0 percent in silverware, 12.7 percent in women's clothing, 8.8 percent in men's furnishings, 8.0 percent in cutlery, and 5.5 percent in confectionery. The automobile industry reduced the number of workers on pay rolls 6.1 percent and weekly wage disbursements 8.3 percent. Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills reported 1 percent fewer employees and a 7.7 percent lower 3 weekly wage bill. It is interesting to note that the durable-goods group of industries showed losses $>f 0.3 percent in employment and 3.5 percent in pay rolls, and the nondurable-goods group reported gains of 0.1 percent in both items. The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed from reports supplied by representative establishments in 90 manufactur ing industries, the 3-year average, 1923-25, being taken as the base or 100. In July, reports were received from 23,501 establishments employing 3,738,194 workers whose earnings in 1 week ending nearest July 15 were $75,222,168. Per capita weekly earnings in all manufacturing industries combined were $20.12 in July, a decrease of 1.6 percent in comparison with June. Thirty of the separate manufacturing industries covered showed gains over the month interval, the increases ranging from 0.2 to 11.9 percent. These per capita weekly earnings reflect the in fluence of part-time and over-time worked and should not be confused with full-time weekly rates of pay. Some of the establishments that report employment and pay-roll totals do not report man-hours. Consequently, average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than are used in computing per capita weekly earnings and indexes of employment and pay rolls. Average hours worked per week in all manufacturing industries combined showed a decrease of 0.3 percent and average hourly earnings dropped 0.9 percent. Thirty-one of the industries for which man-hour data are published showed gains in average hours worked per week and 29 showed higher average hourly earnings. Man-hour data are not published for any industry for which available information covers less than 20 percent of all employees in that industry. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and per capita weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in July are presented in table 1. Percent age changes from June 1935 to July 1935 and from July 1934 to July of this year are also given in this table. Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, July 1935 Employment Index July 1935 (3-year average 1923--25 = 100) Industry All in d u s t r i e s ______________________ ___________ D u ra ble g o o d s ________ _____________ N o n d u r a b le g o o d s _________ _____ Per capita weekly earn ings 1 Pay roll Percentage change from— Index Percentage July change from— 1935 (3-year average July 1923-25 June 1934 1935 = 100) June 1935 July 1934 79.5 - 0 .1 + 1.0 65.3 - 1 .7 + 7 .9 69.3 90.5 -.3 + .1 + 2.8 - .3 55.6 77.7 -3 .5 + .1 71.3 71.7 75.5 51.6 - .7 - 1 .0 - 2 .3 + 1.5 + 1 .4 - 1 .0 - 5 .4 -.6 52.8 52.4 54.2 28.3 71.2 56.9 49.5 90.3 - 8 .0 - 1 .2 - 3 .8 + 9.8 —5. 6 +10. 5 - 4 .4 +41.1 49.4 98; 2 56.9 100. 0 - 4 .0 -.3 + 1.7 + 4.2 62.3 116.5 Aver age in July 1935 Percentage change from— June 1935 July 1934 $20.12 - 1 .6 + 6 .8 +11.4 + 5 .1 21.58 18.76 - 3 .3 + .1 - 5 .4 -7 .7 - 5 .6 -2 .2 +10.9 + 9.4 - 2 .2 + 3 .3 19.87 19. 96 18. 81 15.08 54.1 38.5 40.3 53.5 -8 .8 -7 .3 - 6 .1 + 6 .3 + 1 .3 +12.2 +15.8 +47.0 + 2 .3 +13.4 - 3 .6 + .4 32.3 71.8 42.2 97.7 -6 .7 - 2 .3 + 3 .6 + 4.1 - 2 .6 - 4 .8 + 5.1 - 5 .7 55.1 106.3 85.6 116.7 + 1 .7 + 5 .5 + 8 .4 +68.4 102.7 + .3 - 1 .8 Average hours worked per week 2 Aver age in July 1935 Percentage change from— Average hourly earn ings 2 Aver age in July 1935 Percentage change from— July 1934 June 1935 June 1935 July 1934 35.3 -0 .3 + 5 .5 Cents 56.9 - 0 .9 + 1.5 + 8 .4 + 5 .5 35.2 35.3 - 2 .2 + 1 .1 + 6 .1 + 4 .9 60.9 53.3 -.7 -.9 + 1.7 + 2 .3 - 4 .6 - 6 .7 - 3 .4 - 3 .6 + 9 .5 +10.9 + 3.1 + 4 .1 32.7 30.2 32.5 30.4 - 4 .1 - 6 .8 - 3 .6 - 3 .2 + 8 .3 +10.2 + 5.1 + 3 .5 61.1 65.7 58.0 49.0 -.5 -.6 + .2 -.4 19.71 19. 85 19.16 19.27 -.9 - 6 .1 - 2 .3 - 3 .2 + 7.1 +1. 3 +22.1 + 3 .9 35.5 32.7 35.2 35.1 - 2 .7 - 4 .4 - 1 .1 -2 .5 + 3 .0 - 3 .1 +23.9 + 6 .2 55.1 60.7 55.1 54.8 + 2 .2 - 1 .8 - 1 .1 - 1 .1 4-4. 1 + 6 .0 - 2 .0 -3 . 1 + 3 .5 +27.1 + 3 .9 + 3 .4 20. 80 20. 54 20. 53 20. 69 - 2 .8 - 2 .0 + 1 .9 1 -. + .9 +11.9 + 7 .5 + 2 .8 35.3 36.5 34.9 39.4 -2 .2 -.8 + 1 .5 + .8 -2 .0 + 6 .3 + 5 .0 + 2 .5 58.8 55.9 58.9 52.3 -.8 (3) + .5 - 1 .5 8 + 3 .8 + 2.6 - .9 - 7 .3 -3 .2 +12.4 +10.7 19. 87 20. 10 - 4 .9 + 1 .6 + 6 .4 +17.7 37.0 34.9 - 3 .9 -.9 + 1.1 + 8 .1 53.8 57.5 -.9 + 2 .3 + 6.9 + 7.7 67.5 135.2 + .9 + 6 .1 +15.4 +92.6 22.53 24.76 -.8 + .6 + 6 .5 +14.2 36.5 39.9 -.3 + .5 + 5 .7 + 6 .2 60.7 62.2 -.5 + .2 + 1 .2 + 7.5 85.6 + 1 .5 -.8 27.43 + 1 .1 + 1 .0 39.7 + .5 + 1 .1 69.8 + .7 - 1 .5 + 2 .8 34.9 - 1 .1 + 3 .5 61.3 - 1 .1 -.7 Durable goods Ir o n a n d steel a n d th eir p ro d u c ts , n o t in c lu d in g m a c h in e r y _________________________ Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills... Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets. Cast-iron pip e.. _ ___ _________ ____________ Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut lery) and edge tools___ ________ _____ Forgings, iron and steel__ . ... . Hardware____ ___________ ____________ ______ Plumbers’ supplies... ______________________ Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings. ...... ........... Stoves__________ ____ ____________ . Structural and ornamental m etalwork.. ___ Tin cans and other tinware________________ _ Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws).. _ _______ ._ W irework. _________________________________ M a ch in e ry , n o t in c lu d in g tra n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t ___________________________________ Agricultural implements____________________ Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu lating machines_________ __________________ Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup plies.......... ................ ................... ....................... 69.6 + (4) + 6 .9 54.7 -2 .5 + 9 .8 21.64 -2 .5 4 + .9 + .5 - 2 .4 -.4 +• Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels. Foundry and machine-shop products_______ Machine tools_______________________________ Radios and phonographs____________________ Textile machinery and parts________________ Typewriters and parts______________________ T ra n s p o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t __________________ Aircraft_____________________________________ Automobiles________________________________ Cars, electric- and steam-railroad____________ Locom otives___________________________ ____ Shipbuilding________________________________ R a ilroa d repair s h o p s ___________________ ... Electric railroad_____________________________ Steam ra ilro a d ...___________________________ N on fe rr o u s m eta ls a n d their p r o d u c ts _____ Aluminum manufactures____________________ Brass, bronze, and copper products__________ Clocks and watches and time-recording devices________________ _______________ Jewelry_____________________________________ Lighting equipment________________________ Silverware and plated ware_________________ Smelting and refining— copper, lead, and zinc____ __________________________________ Stamped and enameled ware________________ L u m b e r a n d allied p r o d u c ts ____ __________ Furniture__________________ ___ ... Lumber: M illw ork_______________________________ Sawmills__________________ __ __________ Turpentine and rosin_______________________ S ton e, cla y, a n d glass p r o d u c ts ______________ Brick, tile, and terra cotta__________________ Cement_____________________________________ Glass_______________________________________ Marble, granite, slate, and other products----Pottery_____________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. -2 .7 + .9 + 5 .6 +11.9 -2 .0 + 2.1 - 9 .3 + 1 .0 - 8 .3 -3 9 .9 -3 5 .3 + 7 .0 - 5 .5 -.4 - 5 .9 - 4 .8 -9 .7 , - 4 .1 +59.2 +11.0 +47.2 - 1 .3 -8 .7 -6 .4 +13.2 + 5 .8 +21.2 -4 4 .8 -5 0 .0 + 6 .8 -5 .7 (3) -6 .1 +11.2 +16.9 + 5 .7 25.83 21.78 25.59 18.96 22.26 20. 92 25.05 24. 30 25. 39 18.76 21. 05 24.13 25.64 26. 99 25.34 19.91 18. 88 21.55 - 1 .1 (3) + .9 + .2 -1 .2 + 1 .3 - 2 .5 -2 .9 - 2 .3 -8 .6 -7 .9 -.7 -5 .0 + .2 -5 .3 -2 .9 -7 .8 - 2 .2 +12. 0 + 5 .2 +14.0 + 9 .5 + 3 .9 - 6 .8 +14.7 -8 .7 +18.4 - 2 .1 -1 1 .1 + 3 .8 + 2.7 + 1 .6 + 3 .3 + 4.2 +24.7 + 2 .8 38.7 36.3 41.0 35.0 36.2 36.3 33.6 39.7 33.6 30.9 32.5 32.6 37.6 43.5 37.1 36.0 34.7 36.7 - 1 .5 -.3 + .7 + 3 .2 -1 .4 + .3 - 2 .0 -3 .2 -2 .3 -5 .5 - 6 .1 + .6 - 5 .1 -.5 -5 .4 -2 .4 -8 .7 - 2 .4 + 7 .3 + 3 .2 +11.7 + 9 .9 + 2 .6 - 8 .1 +10.8 - 1 .4 +13.3 -7 .3 -1 4 .0 + 4 .1 -4 .1 -.3 - 4 .5 + 3 .5 +34.8 + 2 .0 66.9 59.8 62.5 54.4 61.6 57.7 74.5 62.7 75.7 60.8 64.7 73.3 67.5 61.6 68.1 55.0 54.4 58.7 +• 5 (3) +. 5 -3 .0 (3) + 1 .2 + .1 -2 .6 + .1 - 3 .5 - 2 .1 -1 .2 -.3 + .3 -.3 -.2 + 1.1 + .2 + 4 .4 + 1 .8 + 1 .7 - 1 .7 + 2 .6 + 2 .1 + 4.7 - 1 .3 + 3.9 + 3.4 + 2.3 +. 4 + 6.6 + 1 .6 + 7 .2 + 2.7 - 5 .2 + 1 .2 62.5 47.8 58.9 48.1 -7 .0 - 3 .4 - 1 .4 -1 5 .7 +24.3 + 5 .8 +19.7 +10.3 17.65 18.16 20.26 20.83 -6 .2 -5 .4 -1 .5 -5 .3 + 6 .0 -2 .3 + 7.1 + 3 .6 35.7 34.1 36.4 36.4 -7 .0 + 1 .2 (3) -5 .7 + 2 .4 - 1 .2 + 4 .8 + 3 .7 49.5 54.0 55.5 57.3 + 1 .0 - 3 .4 -1 .8 + .5 + 4 .2 + 3 .9 + 1 .9 + .4 +16.9 -.6 + 6.4 +11.5 53.0 75.2 38.3 48.4 -.3 - 4 .8 + 5 .5 -.2 +22.7 + 3 .2 +21.2 +23.2 21.33 17. 42 16.45 16. 46 + 1 .8 -2 .8 -.5 - 3 .1 + 5 .2 + 3 .8 13.9 +10.6 37.8 34.5 37.3 36.7 + .3 - 2 .3 - 2 .1 - 2 .9 -.8 + 1 .0 +11.6 +11.4 56.5 50.3 43.7 44.5 + 1 .8 -.6 + 1.4 -.4 + 5 .7 + 4 .2 -.3 - 1 .1 +21.1 +• 3 + 1.6 + .9 + 3.8 - 1 .5 + 4.0 - 9 .4 - 2 .7 34.2 23.3 57.5 38.9 20.2 37.9 77.0 20.4 41.5 + 8 .4 +11.6 - 4 .1 - 4 .0 + 4.6 - 5 .4 - 6 .1 + 7.1 - 9 .9 +48.1 +11.5 +14.3 + 7 .8 +18.8 - 3 .1 +10.8 - 5 .1 + 8.1 17.63 16.32 11. 50 18.61 15.88 19.70 19. 52 22.29 17.36 + 1 .4 + 1 .8 - 4 .1 - 2 .2 + 2 .0 - 1 .3 - 3 .6 - 1 .5 - 3 .7 +22.1 +11.6 +12.1 + 6 .8 +14.3 - 1 .5 + 6 .8 + 5 .2 +12.1 39.1 36.8 + .5 - 1 .6 - 5 .5 -.9 + 1.7 - 1 .1 - 2 .9 +• 6 (3) +24.4 +10.9 + 6 .8 + 5 .0 + 8 .6 -1 .0 + 2 .8 + 4.9 + 7.4 44.8 44.6 34.5 55.2 45.6 56.1 58.0 69.0 53.5 +. 7 + 3.5 -.6 -.4 + .7 -.4 -.3 - 1 .7 -.9 + .4 (3) + 3.3 + 2.9 + 1.9 + .5 + 3 .2 + .7 +9.1 101.1 73.4 89.0 185.0 63.4 97.1 87.2 432.6 100.6 31.7 20.0 71.3 53.5 65.2 52.6 78.0 63.2 77.4 - 1 .6 + .9 + 4.6 +11.8 -.8 +. 8 - 6 .9 + 4 .0 - 6 .1 -3 4 .3 -2 9 .8 + 7.8 - .6 -.6 -.6 - 1 .9 - 2 .1 - 1 .9 +41.6 + 5.6 +28.8 - 9 .8 -1 1 .1 + .3 - 1 .4 +16.1 + 2.2 -4 3 .2 -4 3 .7 + 3 .0 - 8 .3 - 1 .7 - 8 .8 + 6.7 - 6 .4 + 3.2 72.6 56.7 75.8 112.9 51.2 79.4 74.7 343.7 85.7 28.0 8.2 59.4 48.3 58.8 47.5 59.6 51.2 57.5 80.0 66.9 69.0 65.3 -.9 + 2.1 +• 1 -1 1 .0 +17.3 + 8.3 +11.8 + 6.5 80.2 89.8 51.9 69.1 - 1 .9 -2 .] + 6.1 + 3 .0 44.8 33.9 98.9 54.7 32.9 57.5 92.7 30.0 62.4 + 6.9 + 9.7 (3) - 1 .8 + 2.5 - 4 .2 - 2 .6 + 8.8 - 6 .5 34.3 35.4 35.1 34.0 32.7 33.3 Table 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, July 1935— Continued Industry Per capita weekly earn ings i Employment Pay roll Index Percentage July change from— 1935 (3-year average July 1923-25 June 1934 1935 =100) Percentage Index change from— July 1935 (3-year average June July 1923-25 1934 1935 =100) Aver age m July 1935 Percentage change from— June 1935 July 1934 - 0 .6 -.5 - 2 .9 +1.1 +. 5 - 1 .3 +11.9 - 4 .7 -.5 -.7 - 1 .2 + .4 + 1 .2 -.4 - 3 .3 -1 6 .2 - 4 .3 + 4 .0 + 6 .1 -.5 -.1 - .7 + 5 .8 —.1 + 3.4 - 4 .7 + .9 + 1 .4 + 1 .4 - 1 .8 -3 .6 + 7 .0 + 8 .2 +27.3 + 8 .8 + 5 .1 + 2 .1 - 6 .5 - 2 .1 + 6 .8 +10.4 + 3 .9 +10.1 - 2 .2 + 7 .1 - 4 .0 - 4 .7 + 5 .2 + 2 .8 -.3 +12.6 + 6 .0 + 2 .6 + 5 .3 + 2 .6 +40.5 -.2 + 2 .7 + 2 .6 + 5 .5 +24.0 + 6 .4 Average hours worked per week > Aver age in July 1935 Percentage change from— June 1935 July 1934 + 0 .6 -.3 - 3 .5 + 1 .6 (3) -.6 +13.4 - 4 .1 + 1 .8 - 1 .3 + 2 .0 + 2 .5 + 4 .8 + 2 .0 - 2 .6 - 4 .9 - 1 .0 + 3 .9 +5 .1 +. 5 + 2 .0 (3) + 6 .6 +. 4 +12.8 - 5 .6 + 3 .2 + 3 .0 + 1 .5 (3) -4 .1 + 7 .3 + 7 .0 +21.1 +9.1 + 5 .6 + 3 .3 - 5 .7 - 3 .8 + 8 .3 +14.7 + 5 .8 + 7 .5 + 9 .2 + 4 .5 -1 1 .8 - 2 .5 + 2 .2 + 2 .6 + 2 .5 + 3 .7 + 7 .5 + 1 .7 + 8 .5 + 8 .4 +60.6 - 1 .5 + 3 .8 -1 .0 -5 .5 +18.1 + 4 .2 Average hourly earn ings * Aver age in July 1935 Percentage change from— June 1935 July 1934 - 0 .8 -.4 (3) -.3 -.2 -.9 -.4 -.8 -2 .4 + .6 - 1 .9 - 2 .0 -.9 - 1 .5 -8 - 4 .5 - 2 .9 - 1 .3 - 1 .4 -.4 - 3 .4 -.6 -.6 —.2 -5 .6 + .7 -1 .8 -1 .5 -.5 - 2 .9 -.9 + 0.2 + 1,6 +4.5 + .6 - 1 .1 - .8 - 3 .6 +1.3 -.3 - 2 .8 - 4 .3 - 1 .7 -1 0 .2 + 1.3 + 5.5 - 8 .6 + 5.4 +2.9 + 2.6 + 4.7 + .3 + .7 - 2 .4 (3) - 4 .7 + 2.4 -.6 + 3.3 +10.3 + 3.2 + 2.5 Nondurable goods Textiles and their products................................... Fabrics......................... ......... .............................. Carpets and rugs................................... ......... Cotton goods.................................................. Cotton small wares......... ........... ................. Dyeing and finishing textiles................ . Hats, fur-felt............... ............. ..................... Knit goods........— ..................................... Silk and rayon goods..................................... Woolen and worsted goods______ ________ Wearing apparel.............................. - .........- ......... Clothing, men’s .. - ............... ..................... . Clothing, women’s___________ ____ ______ Corsets and allied garments____ ________ Men’s furnishings.......................................... Millinery............ .................................. .......... Shirts and collars......... ................................. Leather and its m anufactures.................. ......... Boots and shoes_______ ________________ ____ Leather................. .................................................. Food and kindred products________ __________ Baking............................................................... . Beverages.................... ............................ —.......... Butter______________________________________ Canning and preserving....................................... Confectionery....................................................... Flour........................................................................ Ice cream................... ............................................ Slaughtering and meat packing......................... Sugar, b e e t ...................................... ..................... Sugar, refining, cane.........- .................................. 87.8 87.5 82.7 82.3 79.9 101.3 81.1 103.9 68.2 94.4 84.4 88.9 94.7 85.4 91.5 42.3 99.0 87.3 85.8 93.5 104.3 111.5 178.5 78.0 138.6 68.4 74.6 87.6 80.4 47.2 85.5 - 2 .9 - 2 .1 +1.8 - 3 .2 - 1 .6 - 5 .6 + 8 .6 -3 .9 +8.1 - 2 .4 - 4 .7 + 2 .6 -1 2 .7 - 2 .3 - 8 .8 -2 3 .4 +. 6 + 5 .2 + 6 .4 +• 7 + 6 .4 - 2 .4 + 5 .0 + 1.0 +67.5 - 5 .5 + 1 .0 + 3.5 - 1 .2 + 8 .9 + 2 .6 + 2 .2 +. 6 +22.7 -1 0 .7 +4 .9 +1 .9 + 5 .5 + 2 .0 -7 .1 +34.7 + 5 .8 + 9 .2 +5 .7 - 1 .6 + 2 .2 -1 5 .6 + 5 .7 - 2 .3 - 3 .6 + 2.2 - 5 .3 - 4 .1 -5 .5 -1 0 .2 +14.9 + 3 .0 - 3 .7 - 3 .5 -2 2 .3 -1 3 .4 + 3 .9 68.4 70.1 75.8 64.2 65.2 73.5 82.1 85.8 55.4 74.6 60.8 65.6 63.0 73.1 55.7 30.3 91.2 77.5 73.1 91.2 96.0 96.5 192.7 61.4 167.1 57.0 64.1 .71.8 75.0 43.6 72.7 -3 .5 - 2 .6 - 1 .2 - 2 .2 - 1 .1 - 6 .8 +21.5 - 8 .4 + 7 .5 - 3 .0 - 5 .9 + 3 .0 -1 1 .7 - 2 .6 -1 1 .8 -3 5 .8 - 3 .7 + 9 .3 +12.9 +. 2 + 6 .3 - 3 .1 +11.1 +. 9 +73.2 -1 0 .0 + 1 .9 + 5 .0 +. 3 + 7 .0 - 1 .2 + 9 .4 + 8 .9 +56.6 -2 .9 +10.1 + 4.1 - 1 .3 -.2 -.9 +48.9 +9 .9 +20.4 + 3 .4 +5 .3 - 1 .8 -1 9 .6 +10.9 + .4 - 4 .1 +15.2 + .4 - 1 .7 -.4 - 7 .8 +61.3 + 2 .9 - 1 .4 - 1 .1 -1 7 .9 + 7.1 +10.3 $15.07 14.85 20.98 12.29 15.74 16.86 24.68 14.07 14.94 18.12 15.87 17.00 16.72 13.95 11.94 17.18 12.32 19.09 18. 52 21.10 20.81 21.85 32.41 20.90 14.46 15.08 21.17 25.70 23.09 22.14 21.65 _ 32.1 33.0 36.3 32.4 35.1 31.5 36.3 30.2 33.7 36.7 29.9 29.1 30.6 30.8 29.6 30.7 37.3 37.2 37.8 40.3 40.7 42.2 39.6 33.6 39.2 47.9 40.7 36.3 37.6 Cents 47.0 44.6 56.3 37.9 44.6 52.9 69.0 47.1 44.4 49.3 52.7 57.8 54.4 44.8 37.4 55.1 40.9 51.8 50.7 55.8 51.8 53.6 77.3 43.0 37.0 44.6 53.9 52.4 55.7 62.7 57.0 16082-35- T o b a c c o m a n u fa c t u r e s ........................................ Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff___ Cigars and cigarettes................... ....................... Paper a n d p r in tin g ___ ______________________ Boxes, paper__________ ____________________ Paper and pulp____________________________ Printing and publishing: Book and jo b _ _........................ .................. Newspapers and periodicals____________ C h em ica ls a n d allied p ro d u c ts , a n d p etro l e u m r e fin in g .................................................... Other than petroleum refining_____________ Chemicals_____ ________________________ Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal________ Druggists’ preparations________________ Explosives................... .............................. Fertilizers______________________________ Paints and varnishes___________________ R ayon and allied products_____________ Soap____ ___________ __________________ Petroleum refining____ ____________________ R u b b e r p r o d u c ts ___________________ _________ R ubber boots and shoes____________________ Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes__________________________ R ubber tires and inner tubes_________ _____ 57.6 65.8 56.5 95.5 83.3 108.9 -.3 -1 .2 -.4 - .1 + .2 -.2 - 5 .7 -9 .7 - 5 .2 + 2.2 +. 2 + 3 .9 47.6 66.8 45.1 81.4 73.9 85.1 + 1 .7 -.6 + 2 .0 - 2 .4 -.8 -2 .6 + .6 -.3 +• 7 + 5 .3 + 3 .2 +10.4 14. 71 15. 75 14.53 23. 88 18.14 19.69 + 2 .0 +. 6 + 2 .3 - 2 .3 - 1 .0 -2 .5 + 6 .7 +10.4 + 6 .0 + 2 .9 + 2 .6 + 6 .3 36.7 35.6 36.9 36.6 36.0 37.2 + 4 .0 -.8 + 4 .8 - 1 .9 - 1 .1 -2 .4 (3) + 5 .4 -.9 + 1 .6 -.4 + 3 .4 40.7 44.4 40.1 68.8 50.4 53.1 - 1 .0 + 1 .4 - 1 .5 -.3 + .2 + .2 + 4 .9 + 5 .1 + 5 .4 + 3 .1 + 1 .4 + 3 .0 86.6 97.0 + 1 .8 -2 .0 + 3 .5 + .2 75.8 85.3 + .3 -4 .5 + 7 .8 + .6 27.16 32.03 - 1 .5 -2 .6 + 4 .2 + .2 36.8 36.1 - 1 .1 -1 .6 + 3 .5 -.6 74.1 89.2 -.7 -.1 + 3 .0 + 4 .8 106.8 105.7 109.0 46.7 95.1 86.1 68.0 108.6 327.9 99.3 111.2 77.3 45.3 -.4 -.7 + .8 + 7 .9 -.7 -.4 -1 4 .1 - 3 .5 + .6 2 +• 5 - 3 .1 - 3 .6 +1.4 + 1 .8 - 2 .9 -1 4 .8 + 1.4 - 6 .4 - 4 .2 + 7.3 +10.5 + 1 .6 -.4 - 7 .9 -1 5 .2 95.4 93.8 101.6 48.3 92.3 70.0 62.0 88.9 240.2 94.4 100.5 61.3 41.7 + .4 +•1 + 3 .6 + 15.0 - 1 .5 -3 .7 -1 0 .5 - 5 .4 1 -1 .5 + 1 .2 - 5 .5 -.2 + 7 .6 + 8 .3 + 5 .2 -1 0 .1 + 7 .2 -1 .4 + 9 .0 +12.8 +15.1 +12.0 + 5 .0 - 1 .0 -1 5 .6 23. 53 21.51 25.96 9.83 20.63 23.35 13. 56 22.78 19.38 23. 32 27.80 21. 78 18. 22 + .8 + .7 + 2 .8 + 6 .6 -.8 -3 .3 + 4 .1 -2 .0 -.7 -1 .3 + .7 - 2 .5 + 3. 5 + 6 .1 + 6 .4 + 8 .2 + 5 .5 + 5 .6 + 5 .5 +13.6 + 5 .5 + 4 .2 +10.3 + 5 .5 + 7 .5 -.4 37.3 38.3 39.9 40.7 37.9 34.1 33.9 38.8 37.7 37.8 34.5 32.4 34.8 + .3 (3) + 1 .8 + 7 .7 -1 .0 -1 .7 (3) - 3 .5 -.3 -1 .8 + .3 - 1 .2 + 3 .9 + 2 .3 + 2 .9 + 4 .3 + 5 .4 + 4 .2 -2 .6 +10.3 + 2 .3 + 1 .6 - 4 .2 + .6 + 4 .1 -7 .5 63.5 56.7 65.1 24.4 54.6 68.5 40.0 58.8 51.4 61.8 81.3 68.5 52.3 + .8 + .9 + .9 -1 .2 -.5 - 1 .6 + 3 .9 + 1 .6 -.4 + .5 + .5 -.3 -.4 +4 .6 + 3 .6 + 2 .1 -.2 + 1 .0 + 3 .5 + 3 .7 + 3 .3 + 2 .5 +15.3 + 6 .8 + 4 .7 + 3 .5 117.6 70.3 - 2 .4 - 3 .5 - 3 .7 - 9 .2 94.9 54.2 -2 .9 - 8 .1 + 8 .5 - 3 .0 18.11 24. 66 -.5 -4 .8 +12.9 + 6 .4 35.5 29.6 + .6 -4 .2 +12.1 + .4 51.7 84.3 -.4 - .2 + 1 .3 + 7 .6 -. * Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments, Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month in the groups and in “ All industries” also computed from indexes. 2 Computed from available man-hour data—all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hours, Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. The average hours and average hourly earnings in the groups and in “ All industries” are weighted. 3 N o change. * Less than Ho of 1 percent. 8 Indexes and Estimates of Factory Employment and Pay Rolls I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing in dustries combined, for the durable-goods group, and for the nondurable-goods group, by months from January 1934 to July 1935, inclusive, are given in table 2. Estimates of employment and weekly pay rolls for all manufacturing industries combined are also given. The diagram on page 9 indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to July 1935. Table 2.— Indexes and Estimates of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manu facturing Industries Combined and Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups 1 [Indexes based on 3-year average, 1923-25= 100.0] Indexes Year and month 1934 January___________________ F ebruary._ __ _________ __ M arch___________ ______ _ A p ril.......... .............................. M a y _______________________ June____________ ____ ______ July______ _____ __________ A ugust____________________ September_________________ October____________________ N ovem ber_______ ____ ____ Decem ber. ___ ___________ Average_____________ 1935 January __________________ February_________ ___ M arch______ ______________ A p ril______________________ M a y_______ ______________ June_______________________ J uly__________________ ____ Estimated number of wage earners Estimated pay rolls (1 week) All manufac turing indus tries combined Durable-goods group Em ploy ment Em ploy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls Nondurablegoods group Em p loy ment Pay rolls 6,146,000 $109,806,000 6, 514, 200 123, 395,000 6, 770,100 131,852,000 6,906,100 136,962,000 6,912,600 136, 575,000 6,799,900 132, 040.000 6, 593, 500 123, 011,000 6,666,200 126,603,000 6,351,900 118,089,000 6, 569, 500 124,138,000 6,435,000 121,085.000 6, 536,100 128, 593,000 73.3 77.7 80.8 82.4 82.5 81. 1 78.7 79.5 75.8 78.4 76.8 78.0 54.0 60.6 64.8 67.3 67.1 64.9 60.5 62.2 58.0 61.0 59.5 63.2 59.8 63.5 67.1 70.0 71.5 70.8 67.4 66.1 64.2 62.8 62. 2 64.3 41.6 47.9 52.8 57.4 58.6 56.9 49.9 50.0 45.5 46.4 46.1 50.4 87.9 93.0 95.4 95.8 94.3 92.3 90.8 94.0 88.2 95.1 92.4 92.7 69.7 76.9 80.1 80.0 78.1 75.1 73.9 77.9 74.0 79.6 76.6 79.5 6, 600,100 126,012,000 78.8 61.9 65.8 50.3 92.7 76.8 6, 595, 700 6,809,000 b, 906, 300 6,906,100 6, 795, 500 6,669,200 6, 664, 700 130, 503,000 140,618,000 143,927,000 144,075,000 139, 325,000 135,246,000 132, 886,000 78.7 81.2 82.4 82.4 81.1 79.6 79.5 64.1 69.1 70.7 70.8 68.5 66.4 65.3 66.1 69.3 70.8 71.6 71.3 69.5 69.3 52.5 58.6 60.5 61.8 60.1 57.6 55.6 92.3 94.1 94.8 94.0 91.6 90.4 90.5 79.0 82.5 83.8 82.3 79.1 77.6 77.7 i Comparable indexes for earlier years will be found in the December 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the March 1935 and subsequent issues of the M on th ly Labor Review. Trade, Public Utility, Mining, and Service Industries, and Private Building Construction I n c r e a s e d employment from June to July was shown in 9 of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed while gains in pay rolls were reported for 10. The largest gains in number of workers were in laundries (2.6 percent), brokerage houses (1.6 percent), private build ing construction (1.4 percent), and power and light (1.1 percent). Among the 8 industries which showed declines were: Anthracite mining (13 percent), bituminous-coal mining (10.1 percent), and retail E m p lo y m e n t & B \y R o l l s M in a n u f a c tu r in g I n d u s tr ie s 3 - y e a r average 1 ^ 2 3 - 1^ 2% = 100 Index Numbers 4)tn y?/i Uu T n 119 £U / 11in. U . . 9° Z C/) 7/1 JU labor T s t a t is t ic s . Washington | >\\ j of . . . lilHIII 1UU , Index Numbers z/z/i U.S.Department of Labor bu reau 0/7 "1/£U ^//ec f i t 11n inn luu on 7U / f r Ok J P m An DU / 7 ? n l7 x ff \ j ( \ ju ///) An O U firsi >0 Jin ■ 'in oU on zu 1in U on oU *rn 70 in II1!1!1!I!1 lllilllllll lllilllllll i.mimm11111111111.urnmm 1II11Mfl1 mmimi 1111II11!1 umiimi lllilllllll 1111II111Nminimi1111num. 11111111!!1j_u.li1urn. 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 193^ lllilllllll OU 0/1 iU 1in u 10 trade (3.7 percent). The decline in employment in retail trade was largely seasonal, general merchandising and wearing apparel stores suffering the greatest losses. The reduction in number of workers in coal mines was largely a retrenchment after the large gains of the preceding month. In the aggregate, there were approximately 147,000 fewer workers on the pay rolls of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed in July than in June. Weekly pay rolls were approximately $5,000,000 less than in the month preceding. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, per capita weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in July for 13 of the trade, public utility, mining, and service industries, together with percentage changes from June 1935 and July 1934, are shown in table 3. Similar information, except indexes of employ ment and pay rolls, is also presented for private building construction. Man-hour data and indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available for banking, brokerage, or insurance establishments, but the table shows percentage changes in employment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly earnings for these three industries. Table 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings, July 1935 Employment Industry Coal mining: Anthracite....................................................... ....... B itum inous.................................... ........... ......... Metalliferous mining.................................................. Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.......................... Crude-petroleum producing.............................. ....... Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph........... ..................... . Electric light and power and manufactured gas---------------------- --------------------------------------Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance............. .......... ............ .......... Trade: Wholesale...................... ....................................... Retail_____ _________________________________ General merchandising......................... ....... Other than general merchandising_______ Hotels (cash payments only) *.______ ___________ Laundries................................................................ ....... Dyeing and cleaning................................................ . Banks.............. ............................................................... Brokerage.............................................................. ....... Insurance............... ......................................... ............. Building construction................................... .............. Index July 1935 (aver age 1929 = 100) Percentage change from— Index July 1935 (aver age 1929 =100) Percentage change from— June 1935 July 1934 -1 3 .0 -1 0 .1 - 1 .6 + 1.0 + .4 - 7 .8 - 9 .1 +13.3 - 8 .5 - 5 .9 70.3 + .1 - 1 .0 84.7 + 1.1 -.4 71.5 -.4 - 2 .2 63.4 -.7 82.1 79.1 84.5 77.7 80.3 84.4 81.7 (4) (4) (4) (4) + (2) - 3 .7 - 6 .8 - 2 .7 - 1 .2 + 2.6 - 2 .2 + 1 .0 + 1 .6 + .8 + 1 .4 -.1 +. 1 + 1.8 - .3 -.1 - .2 + 1.5 + 1.6 - 8 .8 +1.5 + 4.9 64.6 60.5 71.8 58.1 62.1 70.9 61.5 (4) 0) (4) (4) + 00 -3 .0 - 6 .0 - 2 .3 - 2 .3 + 3 .9 - 6 .4 + .6 + 1 .4 + 3 .0 + 2 .7 49.4 70.0 45.2 50.9 76.8 Per capita weekly earnings i Pay roll Percentage change from— Aver age in July 1935 Percentage change from— June 1935 July 1934 $22.11 13.31 21.91 16.57 27.88 -3 4 .6 -3 8 .4 + .6 + .7 + 1.1 -3 .8 -2 0 .5 + 9 .4 + 7.5 + 4 .9 + 4 .7 28. 56 + 1 .7 + .5 30.57 + 1.1 -.6 28.18 -.3 + 1 .6 44.8 -.4 -.6 27.31 20.40 17.96 22.29 13. 36 15.98 18.46 31. 57 34. 79 37.37 24.17 + ( 2) + .8 + .7 + .5 - 1 .0 + 1 .3 -4 .3 -.3 -.2 + 2 .3 + 1 .3 + 1 .4 +. 5 + 1 .6 +. 1 + 1 .0 + 4 .2 + 2 .9 -.3 +. 3 + 3 .8 + 6 .9 41.3 41.6 38.0 42.6 47.8 41.8 41.9 (*) (4) (4) 30.8 + .5 + .7 -.3 + .7 +. 6 + 2 .2 -2 .8 (*) (4) (4) + 2 .0 + 1 .1 + 4 .0 + .9 + 4 .4 + 1 .1 + 4 .8 -2 .0 (4) (4) (4) + 7 .0 June 1935 July 1934 -4 3 .1 -4 4 .5 - 1 .1 + 1 .7 + 1 .5 - 1 1 .3 -2 7 .8 +23.9 - 1 .7 - 1 .3 75.7 + 1 .7 81.5 + 2.1 37.5 35.9 31.1 34.4 59.2 Aver age in July 1935 Average hours worked per week i + 1 .3 +. 7 + 3 .3 -.2 + 1 .0 + 4 .0 + 4 .4 + 1 .3 - 9 .1 + 5 .3 +12.0 Average hourly earnings i Aver age in July 1935 ^Percentage change from— July 1934 June 1935 July 1934 27.3 18.3 37.4 35.2 36.1 -3 3 .6 - 3 9 .0 + 2 .5 + 1.7 + .8 -1 .2 -1 7 .3 + 4 .9 + 3 .5 -1 .2 Cents 82.3 73.7 58.1 47.6 77.1 - 0 .6 + 1.8 .0 -.2 -.4 + 5 .8 38.1 -1 .0 + .8 77.1 + 2.4 + 7 .8 + .8 38.9 + .8 + 1 .7 78.7 + .3 + 1 .2 61.6 .0 + 2.0 65.7 52.1 48.8 53.0 27.4 36.6 43.9 (4) (4) (4) 80.3 -.2 -.2 + .8 -.6 - 1 .4 -.8 - 1 .8 (4) (4) i4) -.9 + .3 - 1 .1 -.5 - 1 .2 -.7 -.3 + .2 (4) (4) (4) + 2 .9 June 1935 - 1 .2 +. 9 + 6.7 - 1 .2 + 3 .4 * Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data furnished b y a smaller number of establishments as some firms do not report man-hour information. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. 3 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 3 The additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. * N ot available. 12 Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Trade, Public-Utility, Mining, and Service Industries I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility, mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade are shown by months in table 4 for the period, January 1934 to July 1935. Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1934 to July 1935 1 [12-month average, 1929=100.0] Anthracite mining M onth E m ploy ment Pay rolls Bituminous-coal mining E m p loy ment Pay rolls Metalliferous mining Quarrying and non metallic mining E m ploy ment E m ploy ment Pay rolls P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 January______ February_____ M arch ________ A p ril_________ M a y _________ June--------------J u ly __________ A u gu st......... September____ O ctober---------N ovem ber____ D ecem ber____ 64.1 63.2 67.5 58.2 63.8 57.5 53.6 49.5 56.9 58.5 60.7 61.6 62.9 64.4 51.4 52.6 53.5 56.8 49.4 73.2 65.8 82.4 51.7 64.0 53.3 42.3 39.7 47.0 48.3 51.2 52.3 57.5 64.3 38.9 49.9 49.5 i.O 37.5 Crude-petroleum producing Em ploy ment 80.0 81.1 81.6 74.3 75.3 77.9 70.0 51.3 54.6 58.9 51.4 54.4 55.1 49.7 50.4 51.4 57.6 58.3 57.0 59.6 39.6 i. 1 40.3 67.5 39.8 45.0 41.7 49.1 40.8 64.7 41.0 35.9 39.9 42.7 42.3 43.3 43.2 44.4 44.3 44.3 45.0 46.0 44.4 46.0 45.2 25.4 26.0 25.9 27.2 25.6 26.7 25.1 27.0 25.9 28.2 28.5 29.4 1.1 29.9 30.9 31.8 31.4 31.5 31.1 39.7 38.8 42.0 48.7 54.3 56.6 55.6 54.7 53.3 51.8 49.5 42.1 36.9 37.3 40.5 45.3 49.5 50.4 50.9 21.3 21.0 24.1 29.9 35.0 37.0 35.0 34.0 32.4 32.1 29.4 23.6 20.8 22.2 24.9 28.9 32.8 33.8 34.4 77. 2 ____ 54. 2 _____ 41. 6 _____ 26. 7 _____ Average. 59.6 ------- 55. M onth 75.8 76.1 77.8 72.2 76.7 76.7 77.0 77.1 78.2 79.3 79.8 79.7 Pay rolls Telephone and tele graph Electric light and power and m anu factured gas Electric-railroad and motor-bus opera tion and mainte nance E m ploy ment E m ploy ment E m p loy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 79.5 78.8 78.7 53.0 50.5 52.5 53.4 56.4 56.9 60.0 61.2 59.7 60.8 59.0 59.5 Average 77.7 -5 6 .9 January____ February-------M arch.............. A pril_________ M a y . . . ........ . June_________ J uly__________ A ugust---------September___ October______ N ovem ber___ D ecem ber____ 73.2 72.4 72.8 74.0 76.7 80.0 81.6 82.7 74.9 74.2 74.0 74.9 76.0 76.5 76.8 81.8 55.5 54.9 56.0 56.7 57.8 58.3 59.2 70.2 69.8 70.0 70.2 70.2 70.4 71.0 71.0 70.9 70.3 69.9 69.7 70.5 70.0 69.8 69.7 70.0 70.2 70.3 69.0 67.9 70.4 68.8 71.4 71.3 72.3 74.0 72.2 74.9 72.2 73.2 73.9 72.9 75.3 73.1 73.7 74.4 75.7 82.2 81.2 81.7 82.4 83.1 84.0 85.0 85.6 85.8 85.8 85.5 83.6 ____ 70.3 _____ 71.5 _____ 83. 82.7 82.2 82.2 82.6 83.2 83.8 84.7 73.8 74.4 75.6 76.8 77.6 77.8 81.1 79.9 79.3 80.6 79.6 78.3 77.9 78.0 78.3 79.4 79.0 79.8 79.8 81.5 70.5 71.0 71.7 72.2 72.6 73.2 73.1 72.8 72.5 72.2 71.8 71.0 71.2 71.0 71.3 71.4 71.6 71.7 71.5 59.2 60.1 62.2 62.9 63.0 63.2 63.8 62.8 62.4 63.0 61.8 62.3 62.9 63.1 63.4 63.3 63.4 72.1 ____ 62. 2 i Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, w ill be found in the Novem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues of the M onthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels w ill be found in the June 1935 issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M on th ly Labor Review. 13 Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1934 to July 1935— Continued Wholesale trade M onth E m ploy ment Pay rolls Total retail trade E m ploy ment Pay rolls Retail trade—general merchandising Retail trade—other than general mer chandising E m ploy ment E m ploy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 January_____ February_____ M arch___ ___ A pril_________ M a y _________ June_________ July__________ August September____ October Novem ber....... December 80.6 81.2 81.8 82.1 82.8 82.3 82.2 82. 5 83.5 84.3 85.1 85.0 84.2 84.6 84.0 83.2 82.5 82.1 82.1 Average _ 82.8 60.3 61.0 62.0 63.1 62.6 62.8 63.8 62. 7 63.6 64. 5 64.2 64.8 63.9 64.6 65.2 64.8 64.6 64.6 64.6 ---- 63.0 79.8 79.6 81.5 82.5 82.9 82.6 79.0 77.8 81.7 82.6 83.7 91.1 79.5 79.2 80.2 83.6 82.2 82.1 79.1 _____ ---- 82.1 59.0 58.8 59.8 61. 2 61.5 61.4 60.1 58.4 60.6 61.9 61.9 66.2 59.7 59.3 60.4 62.5 62.0 62.4 60.5 _____ 86.6 85.0 90.1 91.0 92.0 90.6 83.0 81. 2 91.5 94.2 99.9 128.4 92.8 60.9 Year-round hotels E m p loy ment M onth 87.3 86.2 88.7 94.5 91.4 90.7 84.5 Pay rolls 71.1 68.9 71.5 71.0 74. 5 73.9 69.5 66. 9 74.0 77.3 80.2 99.0 73.5 72.3 74.1 77.5 76.3 76.3 71.8 77.4 77.3 78.0 80.7 79.8 79.8 77.7 _____ 79.2 75.1 56.5 56.7 57.4 58.5 58.8 58.8 58.2 56.6 57.8 58.7 58.1 59.4 56.9 56.6 57.6 59.4 59.0 59.5 58.1 _____ 58.0 Dyeing and cleaning Laundries E m ploy ment 78.0 78.2 79.3 80.3 80.5 80.5 77.9 76.9 79.1 79.5 79.4 81.3 Pay rolls E m ploy ment Pay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 January________ ____ ______ _____ February___ ___ _____ ______________ M arch_________________________ ____ A pril_______ ______ ___________ ____ M a y ________________ ______________ June__________________________ July_______________________________— August______________ ___ September______________ ____ O ctober__________________ __________ November December Average __ 76.4 78.9 80.4 81.5 81.8 81.9 80.4 80.0 80.0 80.9 80. 6 80.0 .............................. 80.2 80.3 81.1 80.8 81.1 81.6 81.3 80.3 57.2 60.9 62.2 62.7 62.9 62.9 61.5 60.2 61.0 62.7 62.4 62.2 61.6 62.2 63.5 63.9 63.6 63.7 63,5 62.1 78.5 78.4 79.2 80.5 82.1 84.0 84.6 83.7 82.9 81.7 80.3 79.5 81.3 79.6 79.6 79.7 80.0 81.1 82.3 84.4 61.7 61.7 62.7 64.4 66.9 68.3 68.2 66.6 65.9 64.8 63.7 63.3 63.9 64.1 64.6 65.5 66.6 68.2 70.9 64.9 68.1 68.1 72.4 79.9 84.3 84. 9 80.5 78.6 80.0 80.3 75.8 72.4 77.1 70.3 69.6 72.5 79.9 80.9 83.6 81.7 46.8 46.3 51.7 60.8 65.1 64.1 58.9 56.7 59.0 59.1 53.9 51.1 50.4 49.8 53.5 61.9 61.7 65.7 61.5 56.1 Employment on Class I Railroads A c c o r d in g to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission there were 1,006,101 workers exclusive of executives and officials employed in July by class I railroads— that is, roads having operating revenues of one million dollars or over. This represents a gain of 0.3 percent over the total of 1,003,042 workers reported in June. Information concerning pay rolls in July was not available at the time this report was prepared. The total compensation in June of all employees except executives and officials was $131,887,181 compared with $133,819,684 in May, a decrease of 1.4 percent. The Commission’s preliminary indexes of employment, taking the 3-year average, 1923-25, as 100, are 56.8 for June and 57 for July. Trend of Employment, by States C h a n g e s in employment and pay rolls from June to July 1935 are shown by States in table 5 for all groups combined, except building construction, and for all manufacturing industries combined. Data 14 concerning groups which have appeared in this table in previous issues of this pamphlet are available on the Bureau's office records. The percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted. That is, the industries included in the manufactur ing group and in the grand total have not been weighted according to their relative importance. Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish ments in June and July 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] T otal—All groups Geographic divi sion and State Manufacturing Per Per Per Per N um N um ber cent cent N um N um ber cent cent Am ount Am ount ber of ber of on pay age on pay age age age of pay roll roll change roll estab change of(1pay roll change (1 week) change estab week) from from lish July from from lish July July 1935 July 1935 ments 1935 1935 June June June June ments 1935 1935 1935 1935 New England— 13,905 783,247 761 48,871 M aine............... N ew H am p 675 shire............... 40,357 456 15,780 V erm ont.......... Massachusetts. 28,637 426,558 82,023 Rhode Island— 1,245 Connecticut2,131 169,658 Middle Atlantic.. 31,020 1,717,152 N ew Y ork........ 18,348 728,636 New Jersey___ 3, 707 239,637 P ennsylvania- 8,965 748,879 East North Cen tral_____________ 19,611 1,771,816 Ohio.................. 8,319 513,162 Indiana............ 2,517 179,768 Illinois.............. 54, B46 467,845 M ich igan......... 3,515 439,717 W isconsin____ 81,015 171,124 W est North Cen tral------------------- 11,378 392,194 M innesota____ 2,137 87,446 54,881 Iow a.................. 1,694 M issouri______ 3,332 154,007 North Dakota569 4,918 South Dakota. 5,536 520 N ebraska......... 1,360 30,584 Kansas----------- 81,766 54,822 South Atlantic. _ 10,612 671,858 Delaware......... 12,834 229 M aryland........ 1,580 88,661 District of C o 943 lum bia_____ 33,535 Virginia............ 2,039 86,965 W est Virginia- 1,232 134,126 North Carolina 1,262 135,251 South Carolina 663 57,606 G eorgia........... 1,476 89,629 Florida_______ 1,188 33, 251 East South Cen tral....................... 4,416 238,335 Kentucky 1,413 78,282 1,234 78, 575 Tennessee A labam a.......... 1,201 67,678 568 13,800■ Mississippi___ - 0 .5 + .5 16,508,542 894,676 -2 .6 + 5 .4 -A -3 .3 -.2 - 1 .9 - 1 .3 + .9 -3 .3 -.1 767,679 187 32,832 321,470 + 5 .9 9,072 128 9,385,226 + .4 1,545 233,404 413 61,718 1,640,906 - 2 . 4 3,548, 585 -.7 651 137,774 38,804,007 - 6 .9 4,970 1,034,903 18,494,056 - 2 . 0 31,913 379,104 5,490, 662 +• 1 4 754 213,429 14,819,289 -1 4 .5 2,303 442,370 -2 .0 -2 .3 -1 .0 -1 .5 -4 .2 + 2 .0 39,625,224 11,168, 333 3, 566,141 10,615,424 10,638,750 3,636,576 + . 5 8,604,119 + 3 .5 1,951,162 1,131, 231 + .1 -.5 3,400,703 -.8 107,969 + 2 .4 121,825 - 1 .1 657,538 - .1 1,233, 691 - 2 . 1 11,147,323 273, 283 - 1 .1 1,796,482 -2 .4 3,165 —0) + 1 .2 241 513,767 38,967 - 0 .6 -.6 9,966,093 682,369 -4 .8 599, 211 + 6 .7 183, 250 4,631,083 + .5 -4 .2 1,132, 580 -.2 2, 737,600 —,2 21,964,862 -.6 9,072,317 4,693,343 + .* - .1 8,199,202 - 0 .3 + .2 -1 .9 + 8 .4 + .9 - 3 .6 -1 .1 - 1 .8 - 1 .1 - .6 -3 .8 - 3 .3 6,721 1,292,384 - 1 .6 28,208,499 - 5 . 2 - 4 . 7 2, 302 364,790 - 1 . 6 7,865,043 - 4 . 6 -5 .9 788 141,018 - . 1 2, 782,887 - 4 . 7 - 1 . 0 2,051 296,475 - 1 . 3 6,504,318 - 1.0 -5 .3 827 352,341 —4- 3 8,161,372 - 1 1 .5 753 137,760 7 + 8 .0 2,894,879 7 + 9 .7 + 2 .8 + .9 2,179 + 2 .6 380 -.6 394 + 1 .0 771 + 1 .4 46 + 2 .0 34 -.2 156 398 -.4 - 7 .1 2,655 -2 .3 78 -3 .0 535 184,893 + 2 .6 41,121 + 9 .2 28, 775 + 2 .2 74,987 + 1 .2 864 +. 7 1,824 + 6 .7 10,104 - .5 27,218 - 1.1 432,097 - 1 .3 8,629 - 1 . 7 52,327 7 - 2 . 3 3,969,580 + 2 .8 879,087 + 6 .9 583,826 +. 9 1, 588, 585 + 3 .2 19,933 + 1 .7 39,236 + 3 .0 220,125 -.3 638, 788 -.6 6,599,860 - 1 .0 170, 240 - 4 . 1 970,472 7 -S . 8 -5 .2 - .1 -2 .4 - 1 .2 -3 .1 -1 .5 - 4 .8 794, 684 - 3 . 7 1,565, 732 +• 1 2,315,177 -2 3 .5 1,774, 065 - 2 .3 722,699 + 1.5 1, 322,178 +• 1 583, 023 - 3 .6 38 417 239 588 195 372 193 3,468 56, 791 51,487 125, 526 50,826 67, 305 15, 738 -2 .1 -.6 + .7 - 1 .1 - 3 .0 - 1 .6 - 3 .8 113,701 989, 629 1,042,446 1,606, 675 602,350 874,467 229,880 —2.6 -.8 -.6 - 7 .3 + 1 .9 3,750,882 - 7 .1 1,339,838 -1 1 .2 ! 1, 274,893 - 0 ) 936,939 -1 1 .6 199, 212 + 2 .2 1 913 278 304 234 97 138,815 30,356 55,174 45, 577 7,708 - 3 .0 + 1 .0 -.1 - 9 .4 + 3 .3 2,069,895 - 3 . 9 545,947 - 3 . 0 843, 533 + 1 .1 588, 371 - 1 1 .8 92,044 + 3 .4 - 4 .2 + 1 .2 -1 .0 -2 .5 + 1 .7 + .1 -3 .9 1 Less than Ho of 1 percent. i n c lu d e s construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment, amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling. 3 Includes laundering and cleaning, but does not include food, canning, and preserving. 4 Includes laundries. 6 Includes miscellaneous services and building and contracting. • Includes construction, but does not include hotels and restaurants, and public works. 7 W eighted percentage change. 8 Includes construction, miscellaneous services (theaters), and restaurants. 15 Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish . ments in June and July 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Con. Total—All groups Geographic divi sion and State Manufacturing Per Per Per Per N um Number cent cent N um Number cent cent Amount Amount ber of on pay ber of on pay age age age age of pay roll roll roll change (1 week) change estab roll change of(1pay week) change lishfrom July from lish July from from July 1935 July 1935 ments 1935 June ments June 1935 June June1935 1935 1935 1935* W est S outh Cen tral...... ................ 4,449 Arkansas.......... 9653 Louisiana......... 987 Oklahoma........ 1,427 Texas................ 1,382 M ou n tain ............. 4,261 M ontana_____ 749 Idaho................ 466 W yom ing____ 336 Colorado.......... 1,036 N ew M ex ico.._ 364 Arizona............ 504 U tah................. 563 N evada........ — 243 Pacific.................... 5,804 W ashington... 2,875 Oregon......... 1,199 California____ 101,730 167,085 + 0 .4 20.195 - 1.0 40,261 + .1 39,951 + .8 66,678 +• 110,984 + 5 .0 + .5 16,029 9,664 +13.2 7,873 + .3 37,986 + 3 .5 6,806 + .8 11.195 - 8.1 18, 297 +24. 3,134 1.8 388,779 +4. ' 79,481 +10.4 45, 431 + 3 .7 263,867 + 3 .4 + + + 926 3,491,345 1.2 335,260 - .5 264 723,624 2.2 207 864,983 134 + .6 1,567,478 +1. 4 321 2,449,094 2.6 560 418,204 + 5 .8 80 192, 784 6.2 50 201, 534 -.4 42 833, 209 184 1.0 23 127,819 - 4 . 5 41 236,125 - 8.0 109 358,147 +14.9 81, 272 + 1 .5 31 9,427, 751 + 3.4 1, 726 8.2 488 1, 732,688 1,000,163 2.8 255 6,694,900 + 2 .3 983 + + + + + 77, 943 13,077 19, 753 10, 111 35,002 37,053 4,156 4,1 1, 714 14, 087 1,069 2,519 8, 630 810 211,96' 38,98( 26, 248 146, 733 $1,525,093 + 0 .9 + 0. -.9 189,413 - 2 . 6 -.8 305, 237 2.2 202,863 - 2.0 + 2 .7 827,580 + 2.0 + 1.1 754, 166 +10.3 +18.7 98, 912 + 2 .7 6.8 78,913 +15. 5 +29.8 2.1 47,651 + 2 .7 295,186 + 3 .6 +10.9 19,693 - 9 . 6 -5 .5 - 1 .1 46,045 —4. 8 145,714 + 46 .7 + 67.2 22,052 + .6 +. 2 + 9 .5 4,891,042 + 5 .9 +24.7 759, 012 21.1 524,101 + 3 .8 +7. Oj + 0 .5 3,607,929 + 3 .5 + + + + 8 Includes automobile dealers and garages,^and sand, gravel, and building stone. 10 Includes banks, insurance, and office employment. Industrial Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities A c o m p a r i s o n of July employment and pay-roll totals with June totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000 or over is made in table 6. These changes are computed from reports received from identical establishments in each of the months con sidered. In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these city totals. As information concerning employment in building con struction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this in dustry have not been included in these city totals. Table 6.— Fluctuations in Employment and Pay Rolls in July 1935 as Compared with June 1935 Cities New York C ity............... Chicago, 111___ _________ Philadelphia, P a........ . Detroit, M ich __________ Los Angeles, Calif____ _ Cleveland, Ohio............... St. Louis, M o __________ Baltimore, M d ................. Boston, Mass_______ .. Pittsburgh, Pa_________ San Francisco, Calif . . . . Buffalo, N. Y __________ Milwaukee, W is________ 16082— 3 5 --------3 Number of establish ments re porting in both months June 1935 July 1935 14,183 3,531 2, 724 1,497 2,383 1, 788 1,721 1,324 3,794 1, 377 1,501 869 675 573,144 329, 796 216, 519 306,434 121,103 121,387 116, 262 78, 231 152,879 148, 092 79,142 64, 862 66, 274 560,918 322,337 214,810 290,303 120,312 120, 078 115,714 77, 239 153, 351 145,154 81,120 62, 754 66, 739 Num ber on pay roll Per centage change from June 1935 June 1935 July 1935 - 2 .1 -2 .3 -8 - 5 .3 -.7 - 1 .1 -.5 - 1 .3 +. 3 -2 .0 + 2 .5 -3 .2 + .7 15,258,452 8,071, 739 5,008,627 7,778,090 2,979, 393 2,837, 060 2, 568, 924 1, 683, 754 3, 551, 684 3,159,529 2,096, 616 1,498, 895 1,533, 428 14,941,104 7,916,147 4,937, 145 7,290,565 2,977, 531 2, 768, 377 2,608, 012 1,654,853 3, 596,182 2,996,885 2,123, 357 J,423,149 1,548,141 Amount of pay roll (1 week) Per centage change from June 1935 -2 .1 -1 .9 -1 .4 -6 . a -. 1 - 2 .4 + 1 .5 - 1 .7 + 1. 3 - 5 .1 + 1 .3 - 5 .1 + 1 .0 16 Public Employment A l t h o u g h industrial employment in July was slightly below the June level, a small increase occurred in employment in the regular agencies of the Federal Government. Including the executive, judi cial, legislative, and military services, as well as construction projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds, the number of em ployees 011 pay rolls of the United States Government totaled 1,438,535 in July. Compared with the previous month, this represents a gain of 2,814 employees. Increased employment was reported in the executive., legislative, and military services. On the other hand, the personnel of the judicial service and the number of workers employed on construction projects declined. The most pronounced decline was reported in the number of workers employed on projects financed from funds of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. (See table 7.) Due to a contraction in the emergency-work program, the num ber of employees on Federal relief work also declined during the month. In July, 1,928,682 workers were employed on the emergencywork program of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, a decrease of 4.6 percent in comparison with the number reported in June. On the other hand, enrollment in Civilian Conservation Camps increased by more than 12 percent. The principal changes in Federal employment and pay rolls during the month interval are indicated by table 7. Table 7.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 [Preliminary figures] Employment Class July Federal service: Executive.......................................... i 729,987 Judicial........ .......... ........... ......... . 1,766 5,014 L egislative................................ . M ilitary________________________ 261,067 Construction projects financed b y P. W . A _____________ __________ 405,332 Construction projects financed by R . F. C . . . ............................ ............. 9,581 Construction projects financed by regular governmental appropria tions........................................... .......... 25,788 Belief work: Emergency-work program_______ 1,928,682 Emergency conservation work___ 3 480,586 June 2 718,188 1,854 4,871 258,410 Per cent age change P ay roll July + 1 .6 $111,110,248 -4 .7 473,044 + 2 .9 1,181,349 + 1 .0 20,689,446 June 2$109,300,324 449,217 1,154,868 21,364,278 Per cent age change + 1 .7 + 5 .3 + 2 .3 -3 .2 414,306 - 2 .2 24,968,785 25,386,962 -1 .6 11,901 -1 9 .5 1,001,653 1,191,336 - 1 5 .9 26,191 - 1 .5 1,890,209 1,904,454 -.7 2 2,021,060 a «427,556 -4 .6 +12.4 53,135,457 * 54,260,051 3 22,074,577 2 * 19,766,881 -2 .1 +11.7 1 Includes 160 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions for July. 2 Revised. 3 Includes 40,368 employees and a pay roll of $5,217,265 included in executive service. *Includes 38,451 employees and a pay roll of $4,944,676 included in executive service. 17 Executive, Legislative, Military, and Judicial Services of the Federal Government D u r in g July employment increased in the executive, legislative, and military services of the Federal Government. The judicial branch, however, showed a decline of 4.7 percent. The total pay roll for all branches of the Federal service amounted to over $133,000,000, a slight increase compared with June. The information concerning employment in the executive depart ments is collected by the Civil Service Commission from the various departments and offices of the United States Government. The figures are tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data for the legislative, judicial, and military services are collected and tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information concerning the number of employees in the executive departments of the Federal Government is shown in table 8. Data for employees working in the District of Columbia are shown sepa rately. Table 8.— Employees in the Executive Service of the United States, July 1934, June 1935, and July 1935 District of Columbia Outside District of Columbia Entire service Perma Tem po Total nent rary Perma Tem po rary 1 Total nent Perma Tem po Total rary i nent Item Number of employees: July 1934 2....................... 81,694 8,396 June 1935....................... . 92,679 2 11,250 94,150 10,566 July 1935............... .......... Gain or loss: July 1934 to July 1935- _ +12,456 +2,170 -6 8 4 June 1935 to July 1935.. +1,471 Percentage change: July 1934 to July 1935 _ _ +15. 25 +25.85 June 1935 to July 1935. _ +1.59 -6 .0 8 Labor turn-over, July 1935: 2,516 1,661 Additions 4____________ Separations 4 _________ 1,465 1,727 Turn-over rate per 100_____ 1.85 13.43 90,090 503,198 93,988 597,186 584,892 102,384 687, 276 2 103,929 516,166 98,093 614,259 608,845 2 109,343 2 718,188 104, 716 519,652 105,619 625,271 613,802 116,185 3 729,987 +14, 626 +16,454 +11,631 +28,085 +28,910 +13,801 +42, 711 +787 +3,486 +7,526 +11,012 +4,957 +6,842 +11,799 +16. 23 + . 76 4,177 3,192 3.06 + 3. 27 +12. 37 + .6 8 +7. 67 +4. 70 +1.79 +4.94 + .8 1 +13. 48 + 6. 26 +6. 21 +1.64 10,522 7,560 1. 46 38, 289 27,811 4.49 13,038 9,287 1. 52 29,604 21, 716 19. 26 42, 642 31,003 4.28 27,943 20,251 19.88 1 N ot including field employees of the Post Office Department and 41,642 employees hired under letters of authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $1,422,437. 2 Revised. 3 Includes 160 employees b y transfer previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions for July. 4N ot including employees transferred within the Government service as such transfers should not be regarded as labor turn-over. There were 11,799 more employees working in the executive branch of the Federal Government in July than in the preceding month. During the year there has been a gain of more than 42,000 workers in the executive service of the Federal Government. During the same period Federal employment in the District of Columbia in creased 16.2 percent and employment outside the District increased 4.7 percent. The Resettlement Administration, with 6,907 more workers in July, accounted for over half the net gain in Federal employment 18 during the month. The branches showing the most pronounced decreases for the month were the Treasury Department, the Depart ment of the Interior, the Farm Credit Administration, and the National Recovery Administration. Construction Projects Financed by Public Works Administration During July 1 over 405,000 people were working at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects. Although this is a decrease of about 9,000 from the level of the previous month, employment in July was the highest for any month of 1935 except June. Pay-roll disbursements for the month were in excess of $24,965,000 and with the exception of June, were the highest for any month of 1935. Over 37,845,000 man-hours at the site were worked and the average earnings per hour was 66 cents. On these projects contrac tors placed orders in July for construction materials valued at more than $39,000,000. Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds in July are given in table 9, by type of project. Table 9.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public Works Funds, July 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners T yp e of project M axi mum number em ployed i W eekly average Average A mount of N um ber of earnings man-hours pay rolls per hour worked Value of material orders placed Federal projects A ll projects.................. ........................ 2 272,995 264,496 $16, 563, 938 27,002,929 $0.613 $25,273,109 B uilding construction - ...................... Forestry___________________________ N aval vessels_________ ____ _______ P u b lic roads 3__________ _______ Reclam ation______________________ River, harbor, and flood control___ Streets and roads................................. W ater and sewerage_______________ M iscellaneous_______ _____ _______ 13,185 391 22,493 170, 543 23,443 23, 498 5, 993 382 4, 568 929, 788 22,713 2, 872, 857 7,386, 000 2, 511,129 2,093, 058 327, 701 27, 331 393, 361 1, 256, 560 32, 675 3,495,471 14,306,000 3, 677,865 2, 969,125 578,906 36, 061 650, 266 .740 .695 .822 .516 .683 .705 .566 .758 .605 1,994,830 21, 754 3,105, 508 12,000,000 3, 454,837 3, 773,297 313,997 39, 749 569,137 15,539 407 22, 790 (4) 24, 467 27, 312 6, 568 460 4, 909 Non-Federal projects A ll projects___________ ______ _____ Building construction....................... ........... ............ Streets and roads............................ . W ater and sewerage______ ____ ____ Miscellaneous_____________________ 126,158 105,383 55,387 8, Railroad 632 20,836 35,932 5, 371 $7,847, 300 10,104, 399 $0. 777 $13, 798,978 46, 205 3, 799, 825 construction 7, 573 575,356 17, 364 1, 032, 209 29,775 2,106, 701 333, 209 4,466 4, 201, 469 970, 592 1, 561, 672 2,885, 417 485, 249 .904 .593 .661 .730 .687 7,182, 882 68,018 1, 855, 596 4,017,928 674,554 1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Governm ent agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. 4 N ot available; average number included in total. i Unless otherwise expressly stated, when July is referred to in this study it may be accepted as meaning the month ending July 15. 19 Compared with the previous month, moderate increases in employ ment on Federal construction projects were shown in naval-vessel construction and in river, harbor, and flood-control work. On non-Federal projects, the total number of wage earners employed increased by more than 10,000 in July. Reports for the month showed increases in the number of men employed in every type of non-Federal project except railroad construction. Building construction, with an increase of nearly 5,300 workers, had the most pronounced rise. On Federal projects earnings per hour averaged 61 cents. Hourly earnings ranged from a high of 82 cents paid on naval-vessel construc tion to a low of 52 cents received in road building. On non-Federal projects the average hourly earnings were 77 cents; the highest, 90 cents, was received by workers on building construction. Federal construction projects are financed entirely by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government. The work is per formed either by commercial firms, which have been awarded con tracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies. Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Pub lic Works Administration to a State or one of its political subdivisions; in some cases allotments are made to commercial firms. In making allotments to the States or their political subdivisions, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total construction cost. The remaining 70 percent of the cost is financed by the recipient. The Public Works Admin istration, in some instances, provides the additional financing by means of a loan; in other cases the loan is procured from outside sources. Loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date of maturity. Grants are not made to commercial firms. Railroads, for the most part, have been the chief recipients of commercial allotments. Rail road work financed by loans made by the Public Works Adminis tration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and, third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commer cial shops. Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i. e., con struction is shown in table 9, page 18. Employment in car and locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 11, p. 21.) 20 Comparisons by Geographic Divisions E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked in July 1 9 3 5 on construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration fund is shown by geographic divisions in table 10. Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public Works Funds, July 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners Geographic division M axi mum number em ployed 1 W eekly average N um ber of Average A m ount of man-hours earnings pay rolls worked per hour Value o f material, orders placed Federal projects A ll divisions ............... .................. 272,995 264,496 N ew England—____ _____________ M iddle A tlantic.............................. . East North Central............... .......... W est North Central_____________ South Atlantic............... ................... East South Central_________ ____ W est South Central______________ M ountain................................ .......... Pacific____ ______________________ Outside continental United States. 15, 257 32,106 34,044 44, 937 44, 607 34,377 23,854 23, 780 15, 587 4,256 14,951 31, 233 32,997 43, 718 43,169 34, 048 22, 965 22,551 14,863 3,811 $16, 563, 938 27,002,929 1,198,528 2,221, 666 1,946,065 1, 741, 364 2,834,915 2,080, 937 851, 350 1, 968.055 1, 493, 992 211,587 1,752,637 3, 472,826 2,893, 001 3,163, 012 4, 763, 306 3, 889, 014 1,847, 922 2,903, 014 1,874,088 417,878 $0.613 3 $25, 273,109 .684 .640 .673 .551 .595 .535 .461 .678 .797 .506 1,100, 569 1,519,060 1,019, 622 1, 129, 945 2 ,840, 505 1. 727,850 136, 236 1, 960, 493 1, 488, 774 345, 503 Non-Federal projects All divisions....................................... 126,158 105,383 $7,847,300 10,104, 399 $0. 777 $13, 798, 978- N ew England......................... .......... M iddle A tla n tic --............... ............ East North Central_______ ______ W est North Central................ ......... South Atlantic___________________ East South Central.......... ................ W est South Central______________ M ountain______ _________________ Pacific_______ ____________ _______ Outside continental United States. 12,489 27, 449 18,466 18,849 16, 761 4,340 11,655 3, 474 11, 793 892 10, 538 23, 246 15,191 15,950 14,116 3,608 9,307 2, 744 9,957 726 800, 888 2, 078. 556 1,146, 420 1,103, 564 958,129 207, 672 485, 754 205, 225 817, 354 43, 738 1, 066, 580 2, 306, 857 1, 410, 282 1, 488, 792 1,479,308 333,359 771, 906 254,858 923,173 69, 284 .751 .901 .813 .741 .648 .623 .629 .805 .885 .631 1, 544,053 3,072, 394 2,088, 294 2, 656, 512 936,834 363,899 1,157, 748 507, 746 1, 391,795 79, 703 * M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Governm ent agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects 2 Includes data for 190 wage earners which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. 3 Includes $12,000,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-road projects which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. During July there was a falling off in employment on Federal projects in all geographic divisions except the East North Central States. On non-Federal projects, however, all divisions except three registered increases. Considering Federal and non-Federal projects as a whole the geographic divisions with the greatest number of employees were the West North Central States and the South Atlantic States. 21 On Federal projects hourly earnings were highest in the Pacific States; on non-Federal projects workers in the Middle Atlantic States received the highest earnings per hour. The lowest rate on Federal projects, 46 cents per hour, was paid in the West South Central States; on non-Federal projects the lowest rate occurred in the East South Central States. Table 11 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during July 1935 in railway car and locomotive shops on projects financed from the Public Works Administration fund, by geographic divisions. Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway Car and Locomotive Shops on Work Financed from Public Works Funds, July 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners Geographic division Total, railroad and commercial shops............................................... Semi Maximum m onthly number em p loyed 1 average 6,179 (2) Amount of Number of Average man-hours earnings pay rolls worked per hour $557,547 737,719 Value of material orders placed $0.756 (2) Railroad shops All divisions..................................... 1,958 1,741 $124,262 148,372 $0.838 $63,337 N ew England—............................... M iddle Atlantic............................... 236 1,722 236 1,505 24,211 100,051 32,194 116,178 .752 .861 3,219 60,118 Commercial shops All divisions..................................... 4,221 <2) $433,285 589,347 $0,735 (2) N ew England................................... M iddle Atlantic............................... East North Central........................ W est North Central........................ 1 3,824 311 85 (2) (2) (*> (2) 13 410,915 16,913 5,444 25 557,010 22,857 9,455 .520 .738 .740 .576 (2) (2) (2) <2) * M axim um number em ployed during either semimonthly period b y each shop. * Data not available. Compared with June, there was a decrease of about 1,800 in the number of workers engaged in building and repairing locomotives and passenger and freight cars. 22 Monthly Trend E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects from the beginning of the program in July 1933 to July 1935 are shown in table 12. Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to July 1935, Inclusive, oa Projects Financed from Public-Works Funds [Subject to revision] M onth and year Maxim um number of wage earners 1 Value of material orders placed Amount of pay rolls N um ber of man-hours worked $485,739,403 803, 795,653 267 4, 719 39, 535 146,747 255,512 300,758 26,433 131,937 1,784,996 6,353,835 11,552,547 13,091,587 35,217 206,990 3, 296,162 12,029, 751 21,759, 245 24,391,546 .751 .637 .542 .528 .531 .537 202,100 1, 628,537 123,351,150 24,568,577 25,702,750 298,069 311,381 307, 274 382,220 506,056 610, 752 644, 729 629,907 575, 655 507, 886 470,467 382, 594 12, 646, 241 14,348,094 14,113,247 18,785,405 25,942,387 33,808,429 34,845,461 36,480,027 32, 758, 795 29,289, 216 28,791, 297 22,443,944 23,409,908 26,544,346 25,501,446 32,937,649 46,052, 698 59, 873,309 60, 736,768 61,925,300 53, 427,096 46, 632, 214 46,454,108 34,955,156 .540 .541 .553 .570 .563 .565 .574 .589 . 613 .628 .620 .642 24, 206,352 25, 269,537 3 69, 766,559 3 68, 526,223 3 50, 468,427 a 60, 797,939 3 53, 377,997 4 54, 192,443 4 50, 878,000 4 50, 234,495 54, 228,457 45, 683,081 304,723 272,273 281,461 333,045 394,875 414,306 405,332 18,462, 677 16,896,475 17,400,798 20,939,741 24,490,087 25,386,962 24,968,785 27, 478,022 25,144,558 26,008,063 31,387,712 36,763,164 38,800,178 37,845,047 July 1933 to July 1935, inclusive 2 Average earnings per hour $0,604 $919,878,003 1933 July.......... A ugust-----September.. October___ N ovem ber.. D ecem ber.. January___ F ebruary. . M arch_____ A pril______ M a y ---------June_______ July_______ A u g u st2___ September 2 October— N ovem ber. D ecem ber.. 1934 1935 January __ February . M arch___ A p ril_____ M a y _____ June........ . J uly.......... 3 30, 746,857 29,264,484 27,276,566 31, 645,166 3 36,893,840 41,833,642 39,135,424 1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Governm ent agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects. 2 Revised. 3 Includes orders placed for material for naval vessels prior to October 1933. 4 Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment. From July 1933 to July 1935, inclusive, wage earners were paid over $483,000,000 for work at the site of Public Works Administration projects. Hourl}^ earnings received have averaged 60 cents. During this period orders were placed for materials amounting to over $918,000,000. Value of Material Orders Placed T he value of materials for which orders were placed from the beginning of the public-works program to July 1935, by type of ma terial, is shown in table 13. 23 Table 13.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Public-Works Projects, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From begin ning of pro gram to June 15, 1935 A ll materials................................................ . .......... .................................................. . $880,743,179 $39,135,424 207,078 48,059 246,980 102, 993 170,150 62,299 117,173 22,988 125,157 25, 533 1,451 9 6,454 79 508 1,875 10,758 147 98 132 110,831 538,933 41, 793, 523 5,159,567 86,823 25, 687 38 1,649,735 320,860 5,450 833,273 287, 528 262,199 3, 781,062 2,051,440 198,329 3,600 9,593 198,208 109, 540 68,063 12, 215,119 115,392, 111 17, 597, 246 33,009,767 826,000 178,312 14,307,343 108,421 55,990,529 2,073,898 2, 527,152 1,831 894,101 5,178,486 1,009,280 1,819, 380 66,173 2, 371 945, 543 1,528 2,978,202 135, 592 235, 685 2, 734,136 17,487,537 4, 692, 893 772,981 4,311,093 4,666,294 9,294, 616 919, 212 5,811, 653 19,999,380 590,622 60,397,940 217,050 68,652,445 720,809 4, 501,058 4,954,934 1,157,118 107,107 894,164 308, 735 220,696 353,486 816,425 39, 757 2,704 26,130 60 1,966,117 4,720 4,793,378 255,099 587,418 217,709 1,237,459 2,468,538 55,895 2,529 34,705 13,177 24,687 106,430 233 Textiles and their products: Awnings, tents, canvas, etc............. ............... . . ......... ................................... Carpets and rugs---------------. ---------. ------------ -----------------------------------------Cordage and twine_______ _______________________ _______________ ____ Cotton goods........ ........................ ..................... ................................................ Felt goods................... - ............................................. ............ ................... .......... Jute goods...... ................................... .......................... - ................................... Linoleum ............................................................................ ............. ............. . Sacks and bags_______ _________ . . _____ _____________________________ Upholstering materials, not elsewhere classified............... .......................... W aste.......... ............. ..................................... ............................... ............. ....... Forest products: Cork products........................................... . . ................................ ........ . .......... Creosote.---------------------------------- ---------- ------------- - ......................... - ............ Lumber and timber products, not elsewhere classified.............................. Planing-mill products------------------------------------------- ------------------ ------------W indow and door screens and weatherstrip________________ __________ Chemicals and allied products: Ammunition and related products........................ .......................... ............. Chemicals, miscellaneous__________________ ____________ - .......... ........... Compressed and liquefied gases........................... . . .......... . . .......................... Explosives____________________________ ____ ___________ _______________ Paint and varnishes------- ---------------------- ---------------- ---------------------- ------- Stone, clay, and glass products: Asbestos products, not elsewhere classified-------------------- --------------------Brick, hollow tile, and other clay p r o d u c t s .-............................................ Cement_______________________ _______ ______ _________ ______________ Concrete products............................ .................................... - ------- --------------Crushed stone........ ................................................... ................. ................... . Glass.................................... ................. ............................ ............................ . Lim e---------- -------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products------------ ----------- ---------Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise treated------- ------------------------Sand and gravel................... ............................................................................ Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo------------------------------------------------------W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor composition....... . Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc---------------------------------------- -------------------------- Cast-iron pipe and fittings------------------------- ------- ---------------------------------Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, molding and trim (metal) Firearms_______________________________________ _____ - ------- --------------Forgings, iron and steel----------- ------------------------------- ---------------- ----------Hardware, miscellaneous____________________ ___ ______ - ....................... Heating and ventilating equipment........................... ...................... ........... Nails and spikes---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ------------------Rail fastenings, excluding spikes.............................. .................................... Rails, steel.------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ Springs, steel------------------------------------- ---------------------------- --------------------Steel works and rolling mill products, not elsewhere classified-------------Stoves and ranges, other than electric----------------- ------------------- ------------Structural and reinforcing steel.......................................................... ............ Switches, railway____________ _______- .........- .............................. ................. Tools, other than machine tools......... ............................................................. W ire products, not elsewhere classified.......................................................... W rought pipe......... .............................................................- ............................. Nonferrous metals and their products: Aluminum manufactures------- --------------------------------------------- ---------------Copper products......... .......................................................- .............................. Lead products................................................... ................................................. Nonferrous-metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified............... Sheet-metal work............................................................................................... Zinc products............. ............................. - ......................................................... During month end ing July 15, 1935 177,423 256,126 259,496 24 Table 13.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Public-Works Projects, by Type of Material and Industry Groups— Continued [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material M achinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies__________________ Elevators and elevator equipm ent_______ ________ _____________ Engines, turbines, tractors, and waterwheels____________________ Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified ... Machine tools__________________________________________________ Meters (gas, water, etc.) and gas generators.-. _________________ Pumps and pumping equipment________________________________ Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus________ Transportation equipment, air, land, and water: Aircraft (new )__________________________________________________ Airplane parts__________________________________________________ Boats, steel and wooden (small)________________________________ Carriages and wagons___________________________________________ Locomotives, other than steam________________________________ Locomoti ves, steam_____________________________________ ______ Motorcycles and parts__________________________________________ M otor vehicles, passenger_______________________________________ M otor vehicles, trucks_____ ____________________________________ Railway cars, freight____________________________________________ Railway cars, mail and express----------- ----- ---- --------------------------Railway cars, passenger______ __________________________________ Miscellaneous: Belting, miscellaneous__________________________________________ Coal____________________________________________________________ Electric wiring and fixtures_____________________________________ Furniture, including store and office fixtures____________________ Instruments, professional and scientific_________ _____ _________ Mattresses and bed springs-------- ------- ------------------- --------------------Models and patterns____________________________________________ Paper products ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified-------------Petroleum products____________________________________________ Photographic apparatus and materials__________________________ Plumbing supplies, not elsewhere classified_____________________ Radio apparatus and supplies___________________________________ Roofing materials, not elsewhere c la ss ifie d ...-------------------- -------Rubber goods------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets.. Theatrical scenery and stage equipm ent_________________ _______ W indow shades and fixtures____________________________________ 0 ther materials----------------------- ------- --------------------- ----------------- - From begin ning of pro gram to June 15, 1935 $42, 261, 491 952, 909 11,494,031 92, 580,968 5, 372,142 527, 206 10, 677,178 658,128 5, 755, 768 5,085, 760 1, 291,878 30,383 11,813, 333 6,837,064 274, 395 499, 287 8, 739,813 35, 581,924 429,443 8,893, 300 31,432 1,451, 597 5,630, 575 2, 204,418 1, 717, 600 49,108 21,155 54,004 13,819,190 26,845, 304 183, 575 8,889,314 726, 525 2,861, 529 417, 412 837,078 42, 659 89,051 38,083,813 During month end ing July 15, 1935 $1,458,973 119, 756 862,010 4,114,423 186, 742 30,857 719,131 25,394 31 1,997 166 5,000 5, 285 68,831 1,434 93, 832 708, 398 171, 556 10,949 1,046 5, 585 642,702 1, 593,677 201 531,683 35 236, 709 33,157 47, 774 470 43,194 1,195,418 It is estimated that approximately 3,000,000 man-months of labor have beetfi or will be created in fabricating the materials represented by the total orders placed for materials since the inception of the public-works program. Materials for which orders were placed during July will create about 125,000 man-months of labor. This accounts only for labor required in the fabrication of material in the form in which it is to be used. In the manufacture of brick, for example, only the labor em ployed in the manufacturing process is included. No estimate is made of the labor required in taking the clay from the pits or in trans porting the clay and other materials used in the manufacturing process. In fabricating steel rails, the only labor counted is that occurring in the rolling mills. An estimate is not made for the labor created in mining, smelting, and transporting the ore, nor for the labor 25 in the blast furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, nor the blooming mills. In obtaining information concerning man-months of labor created in fabricating materials, each firm receiving a material order which is to be financed from the public-works fund, from the United States Government, or from State governments or their political subdivi sions is sent a schedule. It is requested that the manufacturer fill in this schedule estimating the number of man-hours created in the plant in manufacturing the material specified in the contract. In the case of materials purchased directly by contractors, the Bureau esti mates the man-months of labor created. This estimate is made by using the experience of manufacturing plants as shown by the Census of Manufactures, 1933. Emergency -W ork Program D u r i n g the week ended July 25 there were over 1,300,000 workers employed on the emergency-work program of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Compared with the week ended June 27, this represents a decrease in the number working of 181,428, or 12.14 percent. Pay-roll disbursements also showed a drop. The total pay roll of more than $12,000,000 was more than 11 percent less than in the week ended June 27. Table 14 shows the number of employees and amounts of pay rolls for the emergency-work program for the weeks ended June 27 and July 25. Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work Program, Weeks ended June 27 and July 25, 1935 [Subject to revision] Number of employees, week ended— Geographic division July 25 All divisions____________________ Percentage change — ..... — . - - - ___ N ew England______________ ____ . . ________ M iddle Atlantic_____________ _______________ East North Central__________________________ W est North Central___________ - _________. . . South Atlantic__________ ____________________ East South Central_____________ ____________ W est South Central-------------------------------M o u n t a in .._______ ________ . . . ---------Pacific _______ _ . ____ ___ June 27 Am ount of pay roll, week ended— July 25 June 27 1,312,891 -1 2.1 4 1,494,319 $12, 493, 222 -1 1.9 2 $14,183,456 144, 441 155,982 208, 757 173, 023 203,170 104, 779 135,313 52, 643 134,783 158,903 182, 419 218,881 212, 261 223, 633 144, 310 176, 725 49,476 127, 711 1, 776, 698 2, 781, 291 2,043, 638 1, 327,842 1,043,108 464,307 775,132 537, 607 1, 743, 599 1, 998, 519 3,243, 787 2,134, 345 1, 646, 999 1,197,114 729, 386 1, 093, 276 497, 431 1, 642, 599 The only geographic divisions failing to show a decrease in the number of workers were the Mountain States and the Pacific States. In these regions the number of employees increased by approxi mately 3,000 and 7,000, respectively. Three divisions, the East South Central, the West South Central, and the West North Central accounted for over two-thirds of the total drop in the workers em ployed. 26 Preliminary figures indicate that there were fewer workers em ployed in July on the emergency-work program than in any month since August 1934. It is estimated that approximately 1,928,682 people were engaged in the emergency-work program during July. This does not mean, however, that during any given week the total was reached. A limitation which is placed on the earnings of the employees restricts the number working at any one time to not more than 70 percent of the total for the month. Emergency Conservation Work A g a i n of more than 53,000 in the month of July was reported in the number of men employed in Civilian Conservation Camps. Every class of employee, except educational advisers, was repre sented in the increase. The total pay roll for July was more than $22,000,000, which was an increase of more than $2,300,000 over the figure for June. The enrolled personnel received over $12,850,000 of this amount. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, were provided with board, clothing, and medical services. Table 15 gives, for June and July, the employment and pay-roll statistics for each of the major groups of workers engaged in Emer gency Conservation Work. Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work, June and July 1935 Num ber of employees A m ount of pay rolls Group July June July June All groups___________ •________________________ 480,586 427, 556 $22,074,577 $19,766,881 Enrolled personnel.............................. ................... Reserve officers________ _______ _______________ Educational advisers L .......................................... Supervisory and technical2........... ....................... 411,556 10,155 1.334 3 57, 541 367,430 10,005 1,413 * * 48,708 12,852,894 2,550,282 228,297 3 6,443,104 11,474,839 2, 511,028 236,402 4« 5, 544,612 * Included in executive service table. 2 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers. 3 39,034 employees and pay roll of $4,988,968 included in executive service table. * 37,038 employees and pay roll of $4,708,274 included in executive service table. « Revised. The employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as follows: 5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining 87 percent, $30. During July 1935, the number of men employed in emergency con servation work was greater than during any month since January 1934. Pay-roll disbursements were the largest for any month since the program began. 27 State-Road Projects E m p l o y m e n t on State-road projects during July increased by more than 16 percent in the construction of new roads, and by more than 7 percent in maintenance work. The number of employees on new projects increased by more than 5,000 and the increase in employees in maintenance work was more than 10,000. Table 16 shows, by geographic divisions, the number of workers employed in building and maintaining State roads during June and July 1935. Table 16.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads, by Geographic Division, June and July 1935 1 N ew roads Geographic division Num ber of em ployees July All divisions____________ 35,826 Percentage change______ +16.2 8,642 N ew England-.................. 1,893 M iddle A tlantic________ 6,522 East North Central-------West North Central........ 3,047 South Atlantic..... .........__ 7,341 East South Central-........ 2,300 West South Central_____ 2,045 1,962 M ountain. ............. .......... 2,074 Pacific___________ _____ O u t s id e c o n t in e n t a l United States________ June Maintenance Am ount of pay roll July June Num ber of em ployees July June Am ount of pay roll July June 30,823 $1,543, 619 $1,222,211 148,575 138,253 $6,688,970 $5,857,582 +14.2 +26.3 + 7 .5 154,416 12,716 13,056 615,172 370,538 677,448 4.055 2,421 171,504 27,422 31,642 1,098,817 1,235,226 157,268 882,445 6,522 385,746 305,266 22,864 17,630 1,148,199 3,402 102,512 95,431 18,745 14,219 718,614 544,758 141,445 29,165 29,243 1,080,981 965,133 7,552 137,149 284,985 9,046 8,598 334,894 1,668 86,042 62,797 1,672 681,428 62,449 471,540 57,744 14,835 12,256 74,302 401,828 98,906 7,000 15,702 1,475 459,568 442,942 5,744 474,385 2.056 143,009 159,306 6,613 169 163 14,636 13,553 i Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from public-works fund. Although 5 of the 9 geographic divisions registered increases in employment on new-road construction in July, the greatest increase took place in the New England States. Employment in that divi sion for July was more than double that of June. In maintenance work the divisions showing the sharpest increases in employment were the East North Central and the West North Central regions. Pay rolls for July registered an increase of more than 26 percent over those of June in new-road projects. In maintenance work the increase was in excess of 14 percent. The total pay roll for both newroad construction and maintenance work exceeded $8,232,000. The State governments employed more men and expended more money for pay rolls in building new roads and maintaining highways in July than in any previous month of the current year. Reconstruction Finance Corporation Construction Projects R e c o n s t r u c t i o n Finance Corporation construction projects during July provided work for more than 9,500 men and resulted in pay-roll disbursements of more than $1,000,000. Compared with the pre vious month, however, these figures represent a decrease; the pay roll in June was in excess of $1,190,000 and more than 11,000 wage earners were employed. 28 The data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration during July is given in table 17 by type of project. Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon struction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, July 1935 [Subject to revision] T ype of project N um ber of A m ount of N um ber of wage earn pay rolls man-hours worked ers Value of material orders placed $1,001,653 1,349,064 $0.742 $1,495,108 Bridges________________ ____ _____________ 2,349 215,801 194 ______ ____ _________ Building construction 13,995 Railroad construction____________________ 194 9,040 Reclam ation. ___________________________ 23,141 450 591,968 Water and sewerage_____________________ 5,096 Miscellaneous____________________________ 1,298 147, 708 241,239 12,964 17,084 46,999 810, 663 220,115 .895 1.080 .529 .492 .730 .671 391,077 14,366 287 4, 726 657, 736 426,916 A ll projects______________________________ 9,581 Average earnings per hour Compared with June, there were decreases in employment on all types of projects except in railroad construction. The average earnings per hour for July were 74 cents, which was slightly less than that earned in June. Building construction employees earned the highest average per hour, $1.08, and workers on reclamation projects the smallest, 49 cents. In 3 of the 6 classes of work average earnings per hour registered increases over the preceding month. The number of employees, the amounts of pay rolls, and the number of man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Recon struction Finance Corporation during July are shown in table 18 by geographic divisions. Table 18.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon struction Finance Corporation, by Geographic Divisions, July 1935 [Subject to revision] Geographic division Num ber of Am ount of Num ber of man-hours employees pay rolls worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed All divisions.................................................... 9,581 $1,001,653 1,349,064 $0.742 $1,495,108 M iddle A tlantic________________ _______ East N orth Central................................ ....... East South Central_____________ _____ ___ W est South Central __ ______ __________ M ou ntain_______________________________ Pacific__________________________ _________ 480 442 174 88 450 7,947 32,830 36,782 6,964 10, 352 23,141 891, 584 40,094 34, 250 12,812 10, 895 46,999 1, 204,014 .819 1.074 . 544 . 950 .492 .741 68,469 39,997 287 4,726 1, 381, 629 Decreases in employment occurred in 3 of the 6 geographic divisions. The largest decrease took place in the Pacific area where the number of workers fell from 10,156 in June to 7,947 in July. Average earnings per hour varied widely in the different regions. In some measure this was caused by differences in types of work and in stages of construc 29 tion. Workers in the East North Central States earned $1.07 per hour and employees in the Mountain States were paid less than 50 cents. The value of materials for which orders were placed from March 15, 1934, to July 1935, by contractors working on Reconstruction Finance Corporation construction projects is shown, by type of material, in table 19. Table 19.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Material Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From Mar. During period 15, 1934, to June 15 to June 15, 1935 July 15, 1935 All materials________________________________________ _______ __________ Textiles and their products: Awnings, tents, canvas. - ____ ____________ ________ _______ _______ Cordage and tw in e..____ _______ _________ ________________________ Cotton goods______ ________________________________________ ______ Felt goods____ _______________ ____________________________________ Forest products: Cork products_______________________________________________ _____ Lumber and timber products, not elsewhere classified______________ Planing-mill products_________ ______________ ______ ______________ Chemicals and allied products: Compressed and liquefied gases_____ _____ _________ ______ _______ Explosives-------- ------------------------------------------ ------- ---------------- ----------Paints and varnishes________________________________________ _____ Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products, not elsewhere classified _ Cement------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------ ---------- --------------Concrete products________________ ______ _______________ ____ ____ Crushed stone................. ................... .............................. .......... ............ . Glass_____________________ ____ ________ ______________ ____ ______ L im e_____________________________________ ____ ___________________ Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products-----------------------------Sand and gravel------- ------------- --------------------------------------------------------Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo-------------------------------------------------Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc_______________________________ _______ ___ Cast-iron pipe and fittings________________________ ____________ ____ Forgings, iron and steel........................... .............. ................................ Hardware, miscellaneous__________________________________________ Heating and ventilating equipment______________ _____ ___________ Rails, steel________ _____ __________________________________________ Steel-works and rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified---------Structural and reinforcing steel_______________________ ____ _______ Tools, other than machine_____________________ ________ ______ Wire and wire work, not elsewhere classified_______ ____ ______ ____ Nonferrous metals and their products: Copper products------ ------------- --------------------------------------------------------Lead products________________ __________ ____________ _____ ______ Sheet-metal work_____________________________________ _____ _______ Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies------- ------------------------Elevators and elevator equipment____ ________ ______ ______ _____ Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified--------Machine tools____________________________________________ ____ ___ Pumps and pumping eq u ip m en t...------------------------------------------------Transportation equipment, air, land, and water: M otor vehicles_________ _____________________ _____________________ Miscellaneous: Coal.. Electric wiring and fixtures................. ............................................... . Furniture, including store and office fixtures-------------- ---------------Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified............... . Petroleum products--------------------- ---------------------------------------------Plumbing supplies, not elsewhere classified.......... ........................... Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified.............. .......................... Rubber goods-------------------------------- ------------- ------------------------------Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets.. Other materials-------------------- ------- ---------------- ------------------------------ $40, 540, 524 $1,495,108 6,819 65, 256 4,447 7,012 1,058 2, 500 ,433,576 33, 642 3,300 63,078 ,150,181 30,060 3,396 48, 743 5, 712 361, 937 , 146, 295 ,744,009 44,868 3,157 8,850 131,083 479, 489 1,893 174,055 40, 381 9,115 429, 283 1,502 718,871 75, 377 39, 022 1,844,417 !, 578, 590 95, 274 275,589 4, 303 1,983 4,303 10,561 32,866 2,005 1,801 85,982 321,933 2,030 969,462 1,021 81, 538 107,589 ., 035,021 2,421 1,034, 688 1,968 38, 075 295, 380 134,064 1,483 52,689 22, 393 1,780 31,453 553, 600 243,102 4,516 52, 484 67, 437 ., 470,167 187,115 2,208 27,685 5,381 79,308 30 During the period, March 15, 1934, to July 15, 1935, materials were ordered, costing more than $42,000,000. Of this total, approxi mately 50 percent was for steel-works and rolling-mill products. From June 15 to July 15 total orders were placed amounting to nearly $1,500,000; of this figure, structural and reinforcing steel accounted for more than 20 percent. Other products which were important with respect to the value of orders placed since March 15, 1934, include foundry and machine-shop products, cement, concrete products, copper products, lumber and timber products, explosives, and electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies. Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations T he number of workers employed at the site of construction projects financed by appropriations made by Congress direct to the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government was in excess of 25,000 for July. This represents a decrease of approximately 400 in comparison with employment in June. Dis bursements for pay rolls during the month were over $1,890,000. Whenever a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is started by a department or unit of the Federal Government, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on forms supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Schedules are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Govern ment agency doing the work. These schedules are filled in and returned to the Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of the different types of materials for which orders have been placed during the month. The following tables present data concerning such construction projects on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to that date. In table 20 information is given for the month of July 1935 con cerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc tion projects financed from direct appropriations made to the various Federal departments and agencies and started since July 1, 1934, by type of project. 31 Table 20.—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, July 1935 [Subject to revision! Wage earners T yp e of project M axi mum number em ployed 1 A ll projects................................................... * 25,788 Building construction................................. Naval vessels................................................. P ublic roa d s3................................................ Reclam ation...... ........................................... River, harbor, and flood control—. .......... Streets and roads.......................................... Water and sewerage..................................... Miscellaneous.... ........................................... 6,930 5,430 0) 362 4,631 1,343 109 1,206 W eekly average Amount of pay rolls Num ber of manhours worked 23,508 $1,890,209 2,752,801 5,701 5,247 5,777 266 4,317 1,114 92 994 394,001 625,330 406,292 17,502 334,044 51,070 5,745 56,225 528,155 738,762 624,792 29,855 627,614 105,251 7,692 90,680 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed $0.687 $3,079,618 .746 .846 .650 .586 .531 .485 .747 .620 593,086 1,326,261 660,101 27,940 328,859 44,578 6,858 91,935 1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. * N ot available; average number included in total. The most pronounced decrease for the month occurred in river, harbor, and flood-control work. Employment on public roads increased by approximately 1,000 and moderate increases were registered in naval-vessel construction and reclamation projects. Average earnings per hour were in excess of 68K cents. The range in hourly earnings was from a high of 84 % cents on naval vessels to a low of 48% cents paid on street and road projects. Statistics concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations in July are given in table 21, by geographic divisions. Table 21.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Geographic Division, July 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage eairners Geographic division Amount of pay rolls Number of manhours worked A ver age earn ings per hour Value of material orders placed 23,508 $1,890,209 2,752,801 $0,687 3 $3,079,618 299,353 341,502 210,820 185,280 712,142 78,666 253,433 308,828 306,208 56,569 .797 .787 .656 .556 .704 .555 .503 .656 .765 .566 441,806 519,553 98,330 149,563 809,071 72,430 143,175 34,977 148,399 2,213 Maximum W eekly number average em ployed1 A ll divisions.......... ..................................... 25,788 New England.............................. ............. M iddle Atlantic____ ______ ____ ______ East North Central................................... West North Central................................... South Atlantic............................................ East South Central...... ............................. W est South Central_________ __________ M ountain..................................................... Pacific............. ........... .............. .................. Outside continental United States_____ 2,585 3,317 2,427 2,096 5,806 997 2,395 2,968 2,834 363 2,424 2,948 2,178 1,839 5,123 869 2,175 2,855 2,758 339 238,634 268,692 138,237 103,098 501,546 43,622 127,492 202,637 234,257 31,994 * Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes $660,101 estimated value of orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. 32 There were losses in employment in 3 of the 9 geographic divisions. The division showing the largest drop in July was the West South Central region. The Mountain States accounted for the largest increase. Earnings per hour ranged from an average of 80 cents in the New England States to an average of 50 cents in the West South Central States. The greatest number of man-hours worked during the month, 712,142, occurred in the South Atlantic States. The upward trend of employment, beginning in January 1935, on construction projects financed from regular governmental appropria tions was interrupted in July. With the exception of the previous month, however, more wage earners were employed in July than in any month of the current year. The average earnings per hour in July— 69 cents— were the highest for any month since August 1934. The value of materials for which orders have been placed for use on construction projects financed from direct governmental appro priations, by type of material, from July 1, 1934, to July 15, 1935, is shown in table 22. Table 22.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material A ll materials..................... ............................................. ............................ ................ Textiles and their products: Cordage and twine.................. . ...................................................... . .................. Cotton goods............................................................................. ........................... Linoleum ...... ................... ..................... .......... ........................ ........................... Forest products: C ork......... ............ ......................................................... ......................................... Lum ber and timber products, not elsewhere classified................................. Planing-mill products...................................................................................... Chemicals and allied products: Chemicals, miscellaneous.................... ............................................................. E xplosives................ ............... ............................................................................. Paints and varnishes......................................................................................... . Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products, not elsewhere classified-----Cement and lim e.........................................................- ------- ------------------------Concrete products..........................- ................................................................... Crushed ston e........................................ ................................. - .........- ................ Glass____________ _____ ____________________ - ........................................... M arble, granite, slate, and other stone products----------------- ------- ----------Sand and gravel------------------------ --------------------------------------- ---------- ---------Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo------ -------------------------------------------------W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor composition______ Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, e t c . . . ----------- ---------------------- ---------- ---------------------Cast-iron pipe and fittings_____________________________________________ Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, molding and trim (metal). Forgings, iron and steel-------------------------------------------------------------------------Hardware, miscellaneous----------------------------------------------------------------------Heating and ventilating equipm ent. -------------------------------- -------------------Nails and spikes----- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------Rails, steel____________________________________________________________ Steel-works and rolling-mills products, not elsewhere classified...... .......... Structural and reinforcing steel----------------- ------------------------------------------T ools, other than machine tools-----------------------------------------------------------W ire and wire work products, not elsewhere classified................ ........... . From July 1, During period 1934, to June June 15 to 15, 1935 July 15, 1935 $23,339,674 $3,079,618 9, 582 1,503 1, 618 1, 235,607 119, 232 5,157 95,357 48,402 1,939 37, 560 160,636 1, 455 5, 568 18,158 234,306 1,110,183 152, 548 318, 291 19, 584 404,975 633, 705 25,489 95, 820 44,872 287,534 19, 781 84,306 4,793 42, 582 154,125 6, 386 10,827 53,342 96,858 236, 859 492,173 143, 665 366, 087 20,354 9,265 2, 550,308 4, 211, 520 49,472 179,398 16,814 16, 585 29, 772 83, 513 46, 801 72, 521 1,964 1,536 314, 297 409,879 9, 643 12,830 33 Table Value of Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Material and Industry Groups—-Continued Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From July During period 1, 1934, to June 15 to June 15, 1935 July 15, 1935 Nonferrous metals and their products: Aluminum manufactures____ __________ _____ . _______ _______ Copper products_____________________________ ________________ Lead products________________________________________________ Nonferrous metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified. Sheet-metal work_____________________ ________ _______________ Machinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies_________________ Elevators and elevator equipm ent______________ ______ _______ Engines, turbines, tractors, and waterwheels__________________ Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified. Machine tools_________________________________________________ Pumps and pumping equipment______________ ____ _______ ___ Refrigerators, and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus_____ Transportation equipment, air, land, and water: L M otor vehicles, passenger and trucks_______________ __________ Boats_____________ __________________________________________ Miscellaneous: CoalElectric wiring and fixtures_____________________________________ Furniture, including store and office fixtures____________________ Instruments-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified-------------Petroleum products_________________________________ ______ ____ Photographic apparatus and materials____________ ____ ________ Plumbing supplies, not elsewhere classified_____________________ Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified---------- ---------- ------------Rubber goods__________________________________________________ Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets.. Other materials________________________________________________ 9,381 103, 564 $10,423 1,762 1,700 28,835 22, 083 1,404, 673 121,156 2,899,231 2,151, 398 30, 712 699,675 40, 719 203, 426 22,829 258,102 259,958 40, 651 29, 923 8, 332 10, 839 1,459 1, 535 224,458 271,873 2, 493 2,892 32, 088 5, 773 23,625 30, 997 112, 286 157,883 868,626 3, 574 236,796 118,143 1,231 5, 099 920,954 27,163 16, 688 ’""2,"955 88,675 Wage-Rate Changes in American Industries Manufacturing Industries I n f o r m a t i o n concerning general wage-rate changes occurring in reporting manufacturing establishments between June 15 and July 15, 1935, is given in table 23. This table covers 23,502 establish ments employing 3,738,194 workers in July. Increases in rates of pay were reported by 95 establishments in 26 industries. The average increase was 7.5 percent and the number of employees affected was 15,174. Two engine-turbine-tractor estab lishments reported increases averaging 5.9 percent and affecting 4,704 workers, 21 sawmills reported that they gave raises averaging 11 per cent to 4,394 employees, and 1 agricultural implement factory re ported a 6-percent increase given to 1,107 employees. Other indus tries which reported wage-rate increases affecting over 500 employees were: Foundries and machine shops (710), electric railroad repair shops (638), newspapers (597), electrical machinery (539), and stoves (532). Decreases were reported by 24 establishments in 11 industries. These decreases averaged 13.2 percent and affected 1,700 workers. 34 Table 23.— Wage-Rate Changes in Manufacturing Industries During Month Ending July 15, 1935 Industry All manufacturing industries___ Percentage of total................. Iron and steel and their prod ucts, not including machinery: Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills................. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets_____ ______________ Cast-iron pipe____ ________ Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools________________ Forgings, iron and steel....... H ardware_________________ Plumbers’ supplies________ Steam and hot-water heat ing apparatus and steam fittings__________________ Stoves___________ _________ Structural and ornamental metal work___ __________ T in cans Etnd other tinware. Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws)______ _________ W irew ork_________________ Machinery, not including trans portation equipment: Agricultural implements___ Cash registers, adding ma chines, and calculating machines______ _________ Electrical machinery, ap paratus, and supplies___ Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels________ Foundry and machine-shop products_________________ Machine tools______ ____ Radios and phonographs___ Textile machinery and parts Typewriters and parts_____ Transportation equipment: Aircraft................................... A u tom obiles..____ ________ Cars, electric and steam railroad................ .............. L ocom otives........................... Shipbuilding.......................... Railroad repair shops: Electric railroad.................... Steam railroad....................... Nonferrous metals and their products: Aluminum manufactures. Brass, bronze, and copper products_________________ Clocks and watches and time-recording devices___ Jewelry.................... ............. . Lighting equipment........ . Silverware and plated ware. Smelting and refining—cop per, lead, and zinc_______ Stamped and enameled ware____________________ Lum ber and allied products: Furniture....... ...................... Lumber: M ill w ork........................ Sawmills______________ Turpentine and rosin_____ 'Less than Ho of 1 percent. Estab lish ments report ing Total number of em ployees 23,501 3,738,194 100.0 100.0 292 291,295 Number of establish ments reporting— WageNo rate wagein rate changes creases Wagerate de- N um ber of employees having— WageN o wagerate rate in changes creases 23,382 99.5 3,721,320 99.5 292 291,295 15,174 .4 8, 242 9,720 8,242 9,720 72 106 78 8,315 6,158 28,379 16,088 72 105 77 8,315 6,158 28, 264 16, 074 115 14 73 209 16, 755 26,507 72 207 16, 735 25,975 20 532 263 19,198 18,505 262 19,193 18, 505 102 84 7, 079 10,178 102 84 7, 079 10,178 76 30, 579 75 29,472 25 15, 706 25 15,706 391 126, 543 388 126,004 539 82 42,631 37,927 4,704 1,610 157 54 138 13 144,330 24,793 33,874 15, 908 10, 556 1,605 157 54 143, 620 24,793 33,874 15,908 10,556 710 27 342 8, 769 337,837 27 342 8,769 337,837 56 11 105 3,682 33, 896 56 11 105 9,953 3,682 33,896 359 533 18, 580 82,544 354 533 17,942 82, 54*4 33 6,905 33 6,905 249 41, 546 249 41,546 26 191 69 43 11, 736 8, 766 5,035 8,355 26 191 69 43 11,736 8,766 5,035 8,355 638 37 17, 831 37 17,831 183 21, 869 183 21,869 564 58,987 562 58, 940 47 500 543 43 22,559 82,754 3, 277 492 520 43 22,392 78, 291 3, 277 167 4,394 Wagerate de creases 1,700 0) 35 1fat>le 23.— Wage-Rate Changes in Manufacturing Industries During Month Ending July 15, 1935— Continued Industry -Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, tile, and terra cotta.. Cement......... .......................... Glass........................................ Marble, granite, slate, and other products.................... Pottery...................- .............. . ’‘T extiles and their products: Fabrics: Carpets and ru gs-........ . Cotton goods................. Cotton small wares........ Dyeing and finishing textiles, ................. — Hats, fur-felt........... ........ Knit goods............ .......... Silk and rayon goods— W oolen and worsted goods..........................Wearing apparel: Clothing, men’s.............. Clothing, women’s....... . Corsets and allied gar ments............................ M en’ s furnishings.......... M illinery-------------------- Shirts and collars........... JLeather and its manufactures: Boots and shoes.................... Leather........J................. ........ Food and kindred products: Baking............ . ....................... Beverages....... .......... .............. Butter...................... - .............. Canning and preserving----Confectionery......................... Flour........................................ Ice cream................................ S la u g h t e r in g and meat p a ck in g .............................. Sugar, beet------------------------Sugar refining, cane.............. "Tobacco manufactures: C h e w i n g a n d smoking tobacco and snuff...... ........ Cigars and cigarettes---------Paper and printing: Boxes, paper--------------- ------Paper and pulp-----------------Printing and publishing: Book and jo b --------------Newspapers and peri odicals------------ --------^Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining: Other than petroleum refin ing: Chemicals...................... Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal—.............— Druggists’ preparations . Explosives.................... . Fertilizers..................... . Paints and varn ishes.-. Rayon and allied prod ucts. ............................. Soap........... ....................... Petroleum refining................ .Rubber products: Rubber boots and shoes....... Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires, and inner tubes.......................... Rubber tires and inner tubes................................... . Number of establish ments reporting— Number of employees having— Estab lish ments report ing Total number of em ployees 532 133 156 24, 382 20,148 50,691 532 133 156 24, 382 20,148 50, 691 220 114 4,898 16,069 220 114 4, 898 16, 069 690 113 20, 555 253,122 9, 442 32 689 113 20,555 253,046 9, 442 170 52 634 255 38, 295 7,152 131,677 49, 076 169 52 633 255 38,290 7,152 131,583 49,076 WageNo rate wagerate changes Wage- N o wage- Wage- Wagerate rate rate rate de in de creases changes creases creases 76 141, 424 485 141,159 1,138 838 94,746 1,138 94,746 36,938 39 95 124 173 6,911 8,317 5, 501 28,066 39 94 124 172 6,911 8, 266 5, 501 27.937 374 173 121,183 34,419 371 171 120,606 34,183 1,040 488 274 734 296 319 310 65,152 29,357 4,138 81,562 29,135 13,096 11,735 1,036 484 274 729 294 313 310 64,957 29,333 4,138 81,320 28.937 12,929 11,735 284 67 15 88,300 4,103 9,939 284 61 15 88,300 3, 838 37 206 7,906 45, 780 37 206 7,906 45,780 705 394 33,591 102,492 705 393 33, 591 102,127 1,402 60,551 1,390 60,374 615 51,854 606 51, 257 597 148 33,226 147 33,087 139 101 61 27 316 570 2,786 6,962 2, r 8,617 21,602 101 61 27 316 570 2,786 6,962 2,993 8, 617 21, 602 28 91 179 46,942 14,854 65,328 91 178 46,942 14,854 65,317 16,518 12 16,518 179 26,376 179 26,376 40 54,067 40 54,067 265 51 76 577 160 195 24 109 42 265 365 133 156 167 36 Trade, Public U tility, Mining, and Service Industries In table 24 are presented wage-rate changes between June 15 and July 15, reported by cooperating establishments in 16 nonmanu facturing industries. Increases in rates, averaging 2.9 percent and affecting 4,622 workers, were reported by 7 electric-railroad and motor-bus estab lishments, while 39 electric light and power establishments reported increases which averaged 5.5 percent and affected 3,052 employees. Twenty-nine wholesale trade establishments showed increases in rates which averaged 8.1 percent and affected 319 employees, and 69 retail trade stores indicated that 212 employees received increases averaging 8.7 percent. Other increases as well as decreases reported were negligible. Table 24.— Wage-Rate Changes in Nonmanufacturing Industries During Month Ending July 15, 1935 Industrial group Anthracite m ining-------------------Percentage of total—- ........... .. Bituminous coal m ining. ........... Percentage of total----------------Metalliferous mining---------------Percentage of total------ ------Quarrying a:ad nonmetallic m ining-------------------------------Percentage of total----------------Crude petroleum producing....... Percentage of total----------------Telephone and telegraph---------Percentage of total----------------Electric light and power and manufactured gas--------------Percentage of total.................... Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance . Percentage of total................... Wholesale trade------------ ----------Percentage of total—................ Retail trade___________________ Percentage of total--------- ------H otels____________________ ____ Percentage of total--------- ------Laundries______________ ______ Percentage of total----------------D yeing and cleaning----------------Percentage of total----------------B anks_________________________ Percentage of total—................ Brokerage....................................... Percentage of total.................. Insurance--------------------------------Percentage of total.................... Number of establish ments reporting— Total number of em ployees 160 100.0 1, 298 .100.0 202 100.0 100.0 211, 598 100.0 22,158 100.0 100.0 1,298 100.0 202 100.0 68, 683 100.0 211, 598 100.0 22,158 100.0 978 100.0 380 100.0 9, 359 100.0 31, 268 100.0 33,255 100.0 261,502 100.0 977 99.9 379 99.7 9,359 100.0 31, 261 100.0 33,236 99.9 261,502 100.0 2,691 100.0 246, 332 100.0 2,652 472 100.0 15,086 100.0 49,853 100.0 2, 279 100.0 1,231 100.0 682 100.0 2,635 100.0 349 100.0 1,094 100.0 129,122 100.0 268,869 100.0 739,300 100.0 135,080 100.0 70,610 100.0 16,832 100.0 99,197 100.0 10,392 100.0 70,339 100.0 465 98.5 15,053 99.8 49,777 99.8 2,277 99.9 1, 230 99.9 680 99.7 2,631 99.8 349 100.0 1,091 99.7 No Wage- Wage- N o wage- Wage- Wagewage- rate rate in rate de in rate de rate rate creases creases changes creases creases changes O 7 1.5 29 .2 0) ( .)' 0) 0) (0 243,280 3,052 1.2 124,500 96.4 268, 512 99.9 739,047 100.0 135,061 100.0 70,600 100.0 16,786 99.7 99, 111 99.9 10,392 100.0 70,327 100.0 4,622 3.6 319 .1 212 0) 4 0) 10 0) 10 .i 86 .1 1.4 1 Less than Ho of 1 percent. Number of employees having— Estab lish ments re port ing 12 0) 38 0)i 41 15 0) 36 .2
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