Full text of Employment and Payrolls : January 1936
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Serial N o . R . 354
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
Employment and Pay Rolls
+
January 1936
+
Prepared by
Division of Employment Statistics
L ewis E. T
alb ert ,
Chief
and
Division of Construction and Public Employment
H e r m a n B. Byer , Chief
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of employment reports for January 1936_______________________
Detailed report for January 1936:
Private employment____________________________________________ ______
Public employment___ _______________________________________________
1
7
18
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1 .—
Employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings in all manufac
turing industries combined and in nonmanufacturing indus
tries, January 1936___________________ _____ ________________
2.— Summary of Federal employment and pay rolls, December 1935
and January 1936___________________________________________
3.— Employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings in manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries, January 1936
4 — Indexes of employment and pay rolls by months, in all manu
facturing industries combined, in the durable- and nondurable-goods groups under manufacturing, and in selected
nonmanufacturing industries, January 1935-January 19365.— Comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical establish
ments in December 1935 and January 1936, by geographic
divisions and by States_____________________________________
6.— Comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical estab
lishments in January 1936 and December 1935 by principal
cities_________________________________________________________
7 . — Employment in the executive branches o f the Federal Govern
ment, January 1935, December 1935, and January 1936___
8.— Monthly record of employment in the executive departments of
the Federal Government from January 1935 to January
1936, inclusive_______________________________________________
9.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc
tion projects financed by Public Works Administration funds,
January 1936, by type of project___________________________
10.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in railway car
and locomotive shops on projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds, January 1936_______________________
11.— Summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by Public Works Adminis
tration funds from July 1933 to January 1936, inclusive-_
12.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects
financed by The Works Program, January 1936, by type of
project_____________________________________________________
13.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects
financed by The Works Program from the beginning of the
program in July 1935 to January 1936, inclusive__________
(HI)
4
6
8
12
16
18
19
19
20
22
22
23
24
IV
ra ge
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T
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14.— Summary of employment, pay rolls, and average earnings, by
months, on the emergency-work program from its begin
ning in April 1934 to January 1936, inclusive______________
15.— Employment and pay rolls in emergency-conservation work,
December 1935 and January 1936_________________________
16.— Employment and pay rolls on the emergency-conservation
program from January 1935 to January 1936, inclusive.-.
17.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc
tion projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration, January 1936, by type of project________________
18.— Summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from January 1935 to January 1936,
inclusive____________________________________________________
19.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc
tion projects financed from regular governmental appro
priations, January 1936, by type of project_______________
20.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc
tion projects financed from regular governmental appro
priations from January 1935 to January 1936, inclusive___
21.— Employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction
and maintenance qf State roads from January 1935 to
January 1936, inclusive................................_ _ ...............................
25
25
26
26
27
28
28
29
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Summary of Reports for January 1936
I
NDUSTRIAL employment and pay rolls in January 1936 were
characterized by seasonal recessions in a number of lines of
industry. Factory employment declined between December 1935,
and January 1936, due largely to inventory-taking and repairs. Retail
trade establishments released many workers who had been engaged
temporarily to handle the volume of Christmas trade in the preceding
month. Building construction and quarrying also reported sharp
decreases in number of workers, due to winter weather conditions.
Employment on the various types of construction work financed
by Federal appropriations declined in January, but the number
employed on projects provided by The Works Program increased
sharply and reached in January a total of more than 3,000,000.
Private employment
I n t h e combined manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries
for which data are available, approximately 666,000 fewer workers
were employed in January 1936 than in December 1935, and weekly
pay rolls were estimated to be $17,600,000 less. Compared with
January 1935, however, there were 453,000 more workers employed
in January 1936, and weekly pay rolls were $24,700,000 greater.
In manufacturing industries alone, there was a decrease of 1.9
percent in employment from December to January, indicating a
reduction of approximately 138,000 workers over the month interval,
and a decrease of 5.7 percent in factory pay rolls indicating an esti
mated drop of $9,000,000 in weekly wage disbursements. Decreases
in factory employment from December to January have been shown
in 12 of the preceding 16 years for which information is available,
and factory pay rolls have declined in 14 instances.
The estimated number of factory wage earners in January was
6,955,800 and their estimated weekly wages were $146,923,000.
A comparison of the January 1936 factory employment index
(83.0) with the index of January 1935 (78.8) shows a gain of 5.3
percent in employment over the year interval, while a similar com
parison of the January 1936 pay-roll index (72.2) with the January
1935 index (64.3) shows an increase of 12.3 percent in weekly wages.
(1)
2
These percentage gains indicate that approximately 348,000 more
workers were on factory pay rolls in January 1936 than in January
1935, while factory pay rolls in January 1936 were more than $16,200,000 greater than in the corresponding month of 1935. The gain in
factory employment over the year was concentrated in the durablegoods group, which showed an increase of 12.5 percent. Employ
ment in the nondurable-goods group in January 1936 was 0.3 percent
less than in January 1935.
Twenty-eight of the ninety manufacturing industries surveyed
showed gains in number of workers from December to January.
The largest percentage gains were seasonal in character and were in
the millinery, fertilizer, boot and shoe, and agricultural implements
industries. The most pronounced declines in employment over the
month interval were also seasonal and were shown in the cottonseed
oil-cake-meal, marble-slate-granite, cement, confectionery, cigar
and cigarette, stove, shirt and collar, brick-tile-terra cotta, jewelry,
men’s furnishings, canning and preserving, and radio and phonograph
industries.
Employment in the automobile industry showed a decline of only
0.1 percent from December to January but pay rolls fell off sharply.
In the 3 immediately preceding years, employment and pay rolls
in this industry had registered pronounced gains in January over the
preceding month. Due to the recent advancement of production
schedules in the automobile industry to an earlier period, the custom
ary expansion in this industry in January was lacking this year.
Consequently, the general declines in factory employment and pay
rolls were not offset by gains in this industry such as those which
had occurred in the immediately preceding years.
The net loss in employment from December to January in the
nonmanufacturing industries surveyed was estimated to be 528,000,
while weekly wage payments were $8,600,000 less. The bulk of these
declines was in retail trade establishments, which had approximately
488,000 fewer workers in January 1936 than in the preceding month.
The general merchandising group of retail establishments, which is
composed of department, variety, and general merchandising stores
and mail-order houses, showed a drop of 33.0 percent in number of
workers. Employment in other lines of retail trade showed a net
decline of 5.2 percent. Some of the separate lines in which sharp
declines were reported were apparel stores and furniture. Employ
ment in retail food stores showed a slight decline from December to
January.
In addition to sharp seasonal declines in employment in quarrying
and nonmetallic mining and private building construction, smaller
percentage decreases were shown in crude-petroleum producing,
power and light, dyeing and cleaning, and wholesale trade.
3
While a net decline in employment was shown in wholesale trade,
gains in employment were reported in several lines among which were*
the automotive, chemical-drug, electrical goods, machinery, and
assemblers and buyers groups. The more important branches of
wholesale trade in which decreases in employment were reported over
the month interval were food products, dry goods and apparel, petro
leum and petroleum products, groceries, hardware, and farm products.
Increases in employment were reported in both anthracite and
bituminous-coal mining, the severe winter weather conditions causing
greater demands for fuel. Metalliferous mines continued to absorb
additional workers, the January employment index (54.2) reaching
the highest point recorded since September 1931.
Telephone and telegraph companies and electric-railroad and motorbus operation companies reported more workers employed than in
the preceding month. Employment in year-round hotels and
laundries showed a gain over the month interval, and insurance
companies and brokerage offices also reported .additional workers
on their pay rolls. In the latter industry, the gain in employment
was attributable to increased stock turnover and continued the
increases which began in May.
According to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce
Commission, 970,542 workers (exclusive of executives and officials)
were employed in January by class I railroads. This is an increase
of less than 0.1 percent in comparison with December when 970,474
workers were employed. Information concerning pay rolls in January
was not available at the time this report was prepared. The total
compensation of all employees except executives and officials in
December was $134,649,190, compared with $132,687,315 in Novem
ber, a gain of 1.5 percent. The Commission’s preliminary indexes
of employment, taking the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100, are 55.0
for January and 55.1 for December. The final November index is
55.8.
Hours and earnings. —Average hours worked per week in all manu
facturing industries combined showed a decline of 4.3 percent from
December to January, due primarily to inventory taking and repairs,
while average hourly earnings were 0.3 percent higher in January than
in the preceding month. Weekly earnings decreased 3.9 percent over
the month interval, due to the decrease in average hours worked
per week.
In the group of nonmanufacturing industries (other than steam
railroads for which data are not yet available) decreases in the average
number of hours worked per week were generally shown between
December and January. The most pronounced decline (6.1 percent)
was in anthracite mining and was due to the observance of the New
Year’s Day holiday during the pay period reported. Average hourly
4
earnings for the most part showed minor fluctuations. The outstand
ing change was in the general merchandising group of retail establish
ments in which the release of many low-paid temporary workers, who
had been engaged to handle the Christmas trade, resulted in an in
crease of 11.3 percent in average hourly rates between December and
January. Weekly earnings conformed generally to the changes in
average hours worked per week in the several industries surveyed.
Presented in table 1 is a summary of employment and pay-roll
indexes and average weekly earnings in January 1936 for all manufac
turing industries combined, for certain nonmanufacturing industries,
and for class I steam railroads, with percentage changes over the
month and year intervals, except in the few cases for which certain
items cannot be computed.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Weekly Earnings in All Manufacturing
Industries Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1936
1
Industry
Employment
D e
cem
ber
1935
Janu
ary
1935
(1928A ll manufacturing industries com 25=100)
bined__________________________
83.0
Class I steam railroads L —.............
55.0
-1 .9
-1 .8
+ 5 .3
+ 2 .4
(1929=
100)
59.1
79.8
54.2
+ 3 .0
+ .9
+ 1 .3
-6 .0
-.3
+ 22.5
39.4
71.1
- 8 .7
- 1 .2
+ 6 .6
- 5 .1
Coal mining:
Anthracite.......................- ..........
Bitum inous---------------------------Metalliferous m ining............... .......
Quarrying and nonmetallic min
ing--------------------------------------------Crude-petroleum producing______
P ublic utilities:
Telephone and telegraph-------Electric light and power, and
manufactured gas__________
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and mainte
nance______________________
Trade:
W holesale_____ ______________
Retail— -----------------------------General merchandising___
Other than general mer
chandising........................
Hotels (year-round) 3_____________
Laundries............................................
Dyeing and cleaning_____ _____
Brokerage___ _____________________
Insurance__________________ ______
Building construction____________
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Index
Janu
ary
1936
Average weekly
earnings
Pay roll
Index
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cem
ber
1935
Janu
ary
1935
(192825=100)
72.2
(2)
- 5 .7
(2)
(1929=
100)
54.4
70.6
41.7
Percentage
change from—
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cem
ber
1935
Janu
ary
1935
+12.3 $21.31
(2)
(2)
-3 .9
(2)
+ 6 .6
(2)
-1 .8
+ 1 .6
- 3 .4
-5 .4
+ 18.5
+38.8
26. 77
22. 66
23. 75
-4 .7
+ .8
-4 .7
+• 8
+ 18 .8
+ 13.4
25.5 -1 4 .2
55.7 - 7 . 0
+22.3
+ .4
15.96
29.35
-6 .1
-5 .9
+14.7
+ 5 .8
70.1
+ .7
-.6
75.0
-.9
+ 1 .5
28.81
- 1 .6
+ 2 .1
86.1
-.8
+ 4 .1
84.8
- 1 .4
+ 8 .7
31.63
-.6
+ 4 .5
70.7
+ .3
-.7
65.0
-1 .7
+ 3 .3
29.71
-1 .9
+ 4 .1
85.6 - 1 . 4
80.4 -1 3 .4
88.2 -3 3 .0
+ 1 .7
+ 1 .1
+ 1 .0
66.6 - 3 . 1
62.1 -1 0 .4
76.4 -2 6 .9
+ 4 .2
+ 4 .0
+ 3 .9
27. 58
20.99
18.08
-1 .7
+ 6 .7
+ 9 .1
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .9
78.4 - 5 . 2
+ 1 .3
81.9 + 1 .3
+ 2 .0
+ 2 .3
81.5
+ .5
+ 1 .6
71.5 - 2 . 7
+ 3 .0 +17.7
(2)
+• 3
+. 9
(2)
-1 3 .0
+ 3 .9
(2)
59.1 - 4 . 7
64.9 + 1 .1
68.3 + 1 .2
51.6 - 2 . 6
+ 4 .6
(2)
+ 1 .9
(2)
-1 4 .0
(2)
+ 3 .9
+ 4 .3
+ 6 .8
+ 2 .4
+23.5
+ 4 .2
+ 13.6
23.33
13. 92
15.90
17.40
36.49
37.86
24. 62
+ .6
-.2
+ .7
+. 1
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .5
-1 .2
+ 2 .6
+ 2 .3
+ 4 .4
+. 7
+ 4 .9
+ 3 .2
+ 9 .2
i Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
* N ot available.
8 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room , and tips cannot be com puted.
5
Public employment
D e c r e a s e s in the number of wage earners employed on the various
types of construction projects featured the public-employment reports
for January. On construction projects financed from public-works
funds, a marked decrease in employment occurred. Compared with
December, employment in January declined 15.0 percent. Total pay
rolls of $14,399,000 were $1,961,000, or 12.0 percent, less than the
previous month.
There were 46,895 wage earners employed at the site of construc
tion projects financed from regular governmental appropriations dur
ing January. This is a decrease of 17.4 percent compared with
December. On the other hand, pay-roll disbursements amounted to
$3,991,000, an increase of $283,000 over the previous month. This
increase in pay rolls was partly the result of a gain of 4.5 percent in
the total number of man-hours worked.
Employment on projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation showed a moderate decline. During the month, 7,560
workers were employed at the site of these construction projects, a
decrease of 2.9 percent compared with employment in December.
Pay-roll disbursements totaled $850,000 in January, approximately
$20,000 less than in December.
Employment provided by The Works Program, however, contin
ued to increase in January, reaching a total of more than 3,000,000
workers. This represents an increase of approximately 450,000 work
ers in comparison with the namber employed in the preceding month.
Of the total number employed in January, 249,000 were working on
Federal projects and 2,756,000 were employed on projects operated
by the Works Progress Administration. Pay-roll disbursements for
the month exceeded $138,200,000.
In the regular agencies of the Federal Government, small gains
were registered in the legislative and military branches; moderate
decreases, however, occurred in the executive and judicial services.
Employment in the executive service was 1.3 percent lower than in
December but 17 percent higher than a year ago. Of the 805,453
employees in the executive service in January 112,349, or 13.9 per
cent, were working in the District of Columbia and 693,104, or 86.1
percent, outside the District. The most pronounced decrease in em
ployment in the executive departments of the Federal Government
during January occurred in the Works Progress Administration.
Appreciable losses were also reported for the War Department, the
Department of Labor, and the National Recovery Administration.
The largest gain in the number of employees, on the other hand, was
shown by the Resettlement Administration.
55968— 36------2
6
In relief work, employment declined in Civilian Conservation
Camps and on the emergency-work program. The emergency-work
program was virtually completed in January. During the month,
less than 28,000 workers were employed and pay rolls amounted to
slightly more than $900,000. On the emergency conservation pro
gram, total employment in January was 476,000. Compared with
the previous month, this is a decrease of approximately 30,000 in the
number of workers employed. Pay-roll disbursements totaled $21,388,000, a decrease of 2.4 percent in comparison with December.
In January, 120,153 workers were engaged in the construction and
maintenance of State roads. Compared with the previous month,
this is a decrease of 19.2 percent. Pay-roll disbursements, on the
other hand, showed an increase of 21.9 percent over December. Of
the total number of workers employed, 11.9 percent were working on
new road construction and'88.1 percent on maintenance work.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for
January is presented in table 2.
Table 2.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1936
[Subject to revision]
P ay roll
Employment
Class
January
1936
Federal service:
805,453
Executive...................... ..................
Judicial..............................................
1,877
4,989
Legislative..........- ............................
M ilitary........................................... .
286,589
Construction projects:
Financed b y P. W . A _................... a 197,820
Financed b y R . F. C ......................
* 7,560
Financed b y regular govern
46,895
mental appropriations........... .....
T he W orks P rogram :5
Federal projects........... ...................
248,929
Projects operated b y W . P. A ___ 2,755,802
Relief work:
Emergency-work program ............
27,500
Emergency-conservation work—
« 476,609
Per
centage
December change
1935
i 816,223
1,933
4,975
285,673
- 1 .3
-2 .9
+ .3
+ .3
3 231,692
7,786
-1 4 .6
-2 .9
January
1936
December
1935
$124, 676, 583 $132, 319,454
492, 770
512,027
1,182,990
1,187,061
22, 534,611
22,301,838
2 14,399,381
* 850, 271
Per
centage
change
- 5 .8
-3 .8
-.3
+ 1 .0
3 16,360,315
869,459
-1 2 .0
- 2 .2
56,780
-1 7 .4
3,990, 725
3, 707,963
+ 7 .6
217,027
2,335,610
+ 14.7
+18.0
11,179, 541
127,054,184
10,195, 537
91,552,345
+ 9 .7
+ 38 .8
68,558
7 506,605
-5 9 .9
-5 .9
918,000
«21,387, 521
1,844,813
: 21,905, 516
- 5 0 .2
- 2 .4
1 Revised.
* Includes 23,740 wage earners and $1,128,635 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from E . R . A . A .
1935 funds.
3 Includes 9,203 wage earners and $446,783 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from E . R . A . A .
1935 funds.
4 Includes 44 employees and pay roll of $1,625 on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage Co.
* Data covering P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A. A . 1935 funds are not included in T he W orks
Program and shown only under P. W . A.
o 44,396 employees and pay roll of $6,212,454 included in executive service.
7 41,052 employees and pay roll of $5,550,475 included in executive service.
T
Detailed Reports for January 1936
Private Employment
O N TH LY reports on employment and pay rolls in private
industry are now available for the following groups: (1) 90
manufacturing industries; (2) 16 nonmanufacturing industries, in
cluding building construction; and (3) class I steam railroads. The
reports for the first two of these groups— manufacturing and non
manufacturing— are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, but in practically all cases the samples are sufficiently
large to be entirely representative. The figures on class I steam rail
roads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
M
Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in January 1936
T a b l e 3 shows the indexes of employment and pay rolls, average
hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in
January 1936. Percentage changes from December 1935 and
January 1935 are also given. The collection of employment data
concerning banks has been discontinued by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, but other Federal agencies will collect these statistics
periodically and make them available to this Bureau for publication.
Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1936
Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 1 9 2 3 -2 5 = 1 0 0 )
Janu
ary
1936
De
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
Average hours worked
per week *
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
Average hourly
earnings 1
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Industry
Average weekly
earnings1
Pay roll
Employment
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
Percentage
change from—
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
All m anufacturing industries.. . ........................
83.0
- 1 .9
+ 5.3
72.2
- 5 .7
+12.3
$21.30
-3 .9
+ 6 .6
37.1
- 4 .3
+ 5 .8
Cents
57.2
+ 0 .3
+ 1 .2
Durable goods _____________________________
Nondurable goods........... ............ .............. ..........
74.5
92.1
- 1 .6
- 2 .2
+12.5
-.3
64.3
82.3
- 8 .3
- 3 .3
+ 22.5
+ 3 .8
23.17
19.48
- 6 .8
-1 .0
+ 8 .8
+ 4 .2
37.4
36.8
- 6 .6
- 2 .0
+ 6 .3
+ 4 .0
61.5
53.1
+ .2
+ .4
+ 2 .3
+ .3
75.8
77.1
85.0
53.2
- 1 .0
+ .2
+ 1 .5
+ .9
+11.8
+11.1
+ 5 .2
+ 6 .6
64.4
68.0
75.3
32.8
- 6 .4
- 5 .5
- 1 .3
-3 .8
+24.1
+ 26.2
+20.9
+22.4
23.25
24.39
23.06
16. 96
-5 .3
-5 .6
- 2 .8
- 4 .6
+ 11.1
+13.7
+14.5
+15.0
37.4
36.9
40.4
34.1
- 5 .1
- 4 .8
- 2 .2
- 5 .2
+10.8
+ 13.7
+13.4
+13.5
61.5
66.1
57.1
49.2
-.5
-.9
-.5
+ .4
+ .9
+ .3
+ .5
-.3
79.6
67.4
57.4
92.1
- 1 .7
+ .4
-.2
- 2 .0
+ 5 .0
+17.4
+11.2
+37.5
64.9
52.1
52.6
55.7
-8 .8
- 6 .1
-8 .3
- 9 .1
+16.9
+15.0
+26.1
+37.9
20. 26
24.48
21.27
20.08
- 7 .2
- 6 .4
- 8 .2
- 7 .2
+11.6
-2 .2
+ 13.7
+ .3
38.6
39.5
39.2
35.9
- 6 .2
- 8 .2
- 6 .0
- 7 .1
+ 9 .7
—4.4
+ 14.0
-1 .4
52.8
62.1
54.7
55.9
- 1 .3
+ 1 .9
- 2 .1
-.2
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .9
-.7
+ 1 .1
55.2
87.7
57.4
91.6
- 3 .1
-1 2 .1
+ 1.3
- 1 .4
+15.2
+ 8.3
+ 2 .7
+ 7 .8
39.0
64.6
45.3
90.9
-4 .0
- 2 0 .0
+ .7
-.6
+25.8
+16.6
+14.7
+12.6
22. 63
20.67
21.80
20.83
-.9
- 9 .0
-.5
+ .8
+ 8 .9
+ 7 .5
+12.1
*+4.7
38.3
36.4
37.3
38.0
- 1 .7
- 8 .1
-.5
-.7
+ 7 .5
+ 4 .0
+ 9 .3
+ 1 .4
59.0
57.1
58.4
54.7
+ .8
-.9
(2)
+ 1 .4
+ .4
+ 3 .3
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .3
73.2
146.1
_(2)
+1.1
+20.2
+21.0
73.5
130.2
- 3 .3
- 1 0 .6
+35.9
+26.8
22. 80
21.23
- 3 .3
-1 1 .6
+12.9
+ 4 .8
42.6
37.9
-3 .2
-1 1 .0
+15.4
+ 5 .5
53.3
56.0
-.2
-.7
-1 .6
-.4
92.5
133.9
-.6
4-3.9
+16.2
+49.4
78.3
162.0
-3 .0
+ 4 .4
+28.8
+66.2
24.02
24.77
-2 .4
+ .5
+10.7
+11.3
38.9
40.1
- 2 .8
-.1
+ 9 .3
+ 3 .9
60.8
62.1
+ .3
+ .8
+ 1 .5
+ 6 .6
113.7
+2.1
+11.8
100.0
+ 4 .1
+26.3
28.88
+ 1 .9
+12.9
41.8
+ 1 .3
+10.7
69.6
+ .9
+ 1 .9
72.1
-2 .5
+9.4
61.3
-5 .8
+17.0
23.24
- 3 .4
+ 6 .6
37.5
-4 .4
+ 6 .6
61.3
+ .6
+ .8
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not in
cluding m achinery___________ _____________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills .
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets--------------------Cast-iron pipe----------- ---------------- ---------------Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut
lery) and edge tools________________________
Forgings, iron and steel-____ ________________
Hardware----------------------- ----------------------------Plumbers’ supplies______ ___________________
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings________________ ___________
Stoves----------------------------------------------------Structural and ornamental metalwork_______
Tin cans and other tinware..... ...........................
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools, files, and saws)______________________
W irework________________ ___________________
Machinery, n o t including transportation
eq u ip m en t___________________ ______________
Agricultural implements____________________
Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu
lating machines_________ _________________
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup
plies. _.................................................................
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products------ ----Machine tools......... .............................................
Radios and phonographs............ ........................
Textile machinery and parts.......... ..................
Typewriters and parts_________________ ____
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t _____ ____________
Aircraft-------- ------- ------- ------- ------------------------Autom obiles________________________________
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad____________
Locom otives________________________________
Shipbuilding________________________________
R a ilroa d repair s h o p s ________ ________________
Electric railroad........... ........................................
Steam railroad_________________________ ____
N o n fe rr o u s m e ta ls a n d th eir p r o d u c ts ______
Aluminum manufactures___________ ________
Brass, bronze, and copper products____ ____
Clocks and watches, and time-recording de
vices___ __________________________________
Jewelry_____________________________________
Lighting equipment_________________________
Silverware and plated ware_________________
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
Stamped and enameled ware____________ _
L u m b e r a n d allied p r o d u c t s ____________ ____
Furniture______________________________ ____
Lumber:
M ill w ork______________________________ _
Sawmills________________________________
Turpentine and rosin_______________________
S to n e , cla y , a n d glass p r o d u c ts ______________
Brick, tile, and terra cotta__________________
Cement_____________________________________
Glass_______________________________________
Marble, granite, slate, and other products___
Pottery---------------------------------------------------------
81.2
+ 2.8
- 2 .7
- 1 .3
-1 2 .2
+ 1 .8
-8 .4
- 14.2
-5 .8
-1 6 .1
- 6 .2
- 2 2 .7
+ ( 2)
- 8 .6
- 1 .7
- 9 .1
- 8.4
-2 .8
- 2 .9
+ 49.0
+29.5
+62.7
+12.9
+ 19.8
+ 3 .0
+ 12.8
+35.3
+ 8.1
+63.4
-3 7 .9
+ 37.4
+ 19.2
+ 4 .8
+ 20.5
+ 23.9
+28.4
+22.3
27.26
23.82
27. 62
18. 37
24.51
21.54
+ 32.6
+ 4 .7
+42.9
+ 3 .8
+36.1
+ 19.2
+ 29.7
+19.1
18. 55
20. 56
22. 34
21.01
22. 57
19. 52
51.8
-1 5 .8
-1 8 .3
- 7 .6
-1 5 .9
-4 .0
-1 1 .7
- 7.0
-1 1 .3
36.1
25.2
60.5
- 7 .5
- 2 .8
- 6 .1
17.93
17.84
13. 91
16. 65
18.13
21.01
21. 25
19.81
15. 79
19. 05
13.48
16.99
19. 56
23.28
15. 76
15.00
18.39
108.2
79.1
102.4
213.1
69.5
104.1
+ 2 .8
+ .2
+ .8
- 7 .3
+ 2 .3
- 3 .1
429.3
118.1
48.5
20.5
83.9
-.2
-.1
- 3 .2
-1 0 .3
+ 1 .2
+ .2
+ .3
+ .3
- 3.1
- 1 .1
- 1 .0
+36.1
+14.3
+40.1
+11.9
+ 8 .4
+ 2 .6
+ 11.6
+39.2
+ 9.3
+41.8
-3 2 .3
+22.8
+ 8.3
- .5
+9.1
+ 14.2
+12.3
+16.2
- 3 .5
- 8 .4
- 4 .5
- 6 .5
+ .7
- 5 .6
- 2.9
- 4 .2
+18.2
+ 1.6
+25.2
- 1 .6
+22.8
+10.9
+ 12.3
+11.9
74.8
53.2
78.3
49.3
63.3
90.8
- 3 .0
- 1 .8
- 1 .7
- 8.0
- 8 .5
-1 5 .5
- 5 .9
-1 7 .8
- 4 .0
+26.7
+11.3
+ 2.5
+ 7.6
+25.0
+ 2.2
+ 6.4
+11.5
- 5 .2
- 1.9
- 2 .5
- 6 .2
-.5
- 2 .5
-.7
+ 1.5
- 3 .6
-5 .0
- 4 .5
- 1 .9
+16.1
-4 .8
+ 4.0
- 5 .9
+ 6.9
+1. 7
-1 2 .9
+ 6.5
103.1
55.9
65.0
55.2
89.4
81.2
87.6
91.1
69.6
83.0
66.7
90.4
110.5
52.9
71.7
45.5
34.4
98.0
50.8
31.0
38.0
92.0
22.3
66.3
- .3
66.7
94.7
126.2
62.3
87.9
89.6
339.9
99.7
51.8
8.2
77.2
52.3
60.8
51.7
72.7
74.6
71.3
41.1
38.0
- 14.8
-1 4 .4
-2 4 .5
-1 2 .6
-2 2 .0
-1 2 .8
+57.0
+31.9
+14.8
+ 20.3
+53.8
+10.4
+ 17.7
+30.9
+ 4 .1
79.1
- 3.4
-6 .2
-1 0 .0
- 3 .3
- 7 .9
- 1 .1
- 2 .3
- 9 .7
-1 0 .1
- 7 .0
+ .8
- 2 .7
+19.1
-4 .0
+ 5 .6
-1 0 .0
+ 19.6
-4 .0
-1 6 .1
+ 7 .3
20.0
23.4
82.3
14.4
48.8
24.92
25.09
24.89
22. 38
21.06
26. 55
26. 66
28.18
26.35
31.74
22.13
23.62
17.60
17. 30
19.53
- .2
-2 .4
-1 6 .5
- 2 .5
-1 4 .1
+ .7
-8 .4
-2 .8
- 8 .9
- 6.0
- 3 .3
- 2 .6
+ 2.8
+11.9
+ 15.4
+ 4 .8
+ 10.6
-.1
- 4.6
+ 3 .7
- 6 .9
+12.6
-7 .8
+ 9 .3
+ 4.6
+ 1 .7
+ 5 .9
+ 8 .9
+12.0
+ 5 .2
+ 9 .7
+ 5.1
+18.9
+ 3 .4
+ 7 .2
+ 6 .9
+ 12.7
+ 9 .8
48.8
55.5
54.9
57.8
56.4
51.3
38.4
-1 3 .7
- 9 .3
- 4 .0
-1 0 .0
- 4 .8
- 7 .3
- 3.8
- 6 .5
38.7
39.6
- 5 .5
-.6
+21.3
+16.4
46.1
45.7
35.1
- 7.9
-7 .0
-1 2 .3
- 8 .1
-5 .0
- 7 .8
+ 10.1
+20.7
+ 8 .8
+ 3 .5
+ 23.0
+ 8 .3
34.8
- 2.4
- 3 .6
-4 .4
-2 .6
-5 .3
-1 .0
-2 .8
- 6 .1
- 5 .1
-3 .6
+ 4.2
+ 1. 3
+ 3 .0
+ 4 .0
+. 4
- 3 .0
+20.9
-3 .4
+ 2 .3
+ .1
+ ( 2)
-2 .9
-2 .2
-5 .2
-.5
-5 .5
- 14.0
-5 .6
-1 6 .0
- 3 .1
-1 3 .8
- 1 .2
- 8 .7
-2 .0
- 9 .4
- 5.5
- 1 .7
- 1 .8
+ 9 .4
+13.3
+16.2
+. 9
+ 10.5
+ .6
+ 1.2
-2 .7
-1 .0
+15.4
- 7 .5
+11.8
+10.0
+ 5 .0
+10.7
+ 8.4
+14.0
+ 5 .4
39.3
39.7
44.0
33.5
40.5
37.8
-1 2 .7
-1 0 .8
- 3 .3
-1 0 .1
- 4 .6
- 6 .5
- 4.2
- 7 .4
+12.0
+ 3.1
+14.0
+ 5 .4
+ 11.2
+ 7 .8
+ 15.5
+ 6 .4
38.0
36.7
40.9
36.2
40.0
38.0
—4. 6
- 1 .1
- 4 .5
- 7.4
-6 .5
-1 0 .7
-7 .2
- 5 .1
- 9 .1
+23.5
+18.7
+ 11.6
+ 11.8
+22.1
+ 8 .3
+10.9
+17.5
+ 9 .4
- 1.5
- 3 .8
-4 .0
-2 .8
- 5 . .6
-.4
- 3 .7
- 6 .4
-5 .4
-2 .6
+ .8
-.8
+ 2 .5
+ .8
+ 1 .7
- 4 .6
+11.8
- 5 .6
- 3 .5
+ .6
33.7
40.8
33.2
36.3
33.6
34.5
39.2
44.8
38.7
39.3
40.1
40.7
39.0
36.7
31.3
34.7
33.6
36.5
-3 .0
-1 .4
-5 .6
-.3
- 4 .9
-
14.2
69.4
59.8
62.7
54.9
60.9
56.9
+ 3
(2)
—. 6
+ .3
+ .1
-.7
64.4
74.9
61.7
62.8
76.2
- 1 .9
+ .3
- .6
+• 4
-1 .7
61.6
68.1
55.0
55.2
58.1
+ .9
-.5
+ .7
+ 1 .6
+ .8
+ 1.1
+ .4
+ .4
+ .4
+ .2
+ .6
73.9
67.6
+ .1
- .4
+ 5.9
+ 1 .2
+. 8
- 3 .3
+ .3
+ 1 .1
+ 5.3
- 5 .1
+ 6 .2
+ 2 .6
-.4
+ 2.3
+ 4.7
+ 1 .8
+ 4 .8
+ 1 .2
+• 9
-.2
-.5
+ 2 .2
+ 2 .8
-4 .0
+ 2 .6
+ 4 .0
+ .7
+ 1.4
- 1 .7
+ .9
-.4
+ 2 .9
+ 3 .9
45.5
57.9
60.8
64.0
54.4
+ .8
+ .4
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .4
-.5
-.2
+ 3.1
- 1 .7
-.2
+ 6 .7
- 1 .8
+ 5.0
46.4
+ .4
45.1
45.1
56.2
- .1
Nondurable goods
Textiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts .________ _________
Fabrics______________________ ______________
Carpets and rugs______________ _______
Cotton goods____________________ ____
Cotton small wares____________ _________
D yeing and finishing textiles____________
Hats, fur-felt____________________________
'K n it goods__________________ ___________
Silk and rayon goods____ _______________
W oolen and worsted goods_____ ________
See footnotes at end of table.
95.1
94.0
77.2
91.7
88.3
110.2
84.8
111.1
70.3
97.8
- .1
80.0
66.1
78.5
77.8
92.4
82.9
102.0
57.4
78.4
16.16
35.8
34.1
36.5
37.7
37.2
34.5
33.7
34.7
37.0
44.0
56.0
36.9
45.1
52.7
66.6
47.5
43.2
49.8
0
+ .4
-.3
-.6
+ 1 .2
- 1 .3
+ .3
-.6
+ 1 .0
- 3 .6
- 1 .4
+ 1 .6
- 2 .6
+ .5
-.9
- 4 .1
- 1 .6
- 5 .0
+ .7
Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1936— Contd.
Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 19 23 -25= 1 00 )
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
93.4
91.2
121.1
83.3
97.8
56.9
94.0
88.4
86.1
97.7
92.6
111.2
149.7
67.5
61.5
73.5
73.6
58.5
84.9
37.6
76.4
52.2
67.3
50.2
97.5
84.9
108.7
- 0 .4
+ 1 .7
+ .5
+• 1
- 8 .1
+15.4
-1 1 .0
+ 3 .4
+ 4 .0
- 2 .7
- 4 .3
- 1 .1
-.2
—1. 5
- 7 .9
-1 5 .1
+ .5
-2 .2
+ .6
-7 4 .1
- 1 .6
-1 0 .3
+ .7
-1 2 .2
- 2.2
- 6 .1
- 1 .2
+ 4 .5
+ 8 .7
+ 3 .2
- 8 .3
+ 3.6
—8.8
+ 4 .0
+ .1
- 1 .0
+ 3.9
—2.4
+ 4 .2
+ 3.5
—1.2
- 6 .7
- 6 .5
- 3 .4
- 3 .8
-1 0 .0
-1 1 .9
- 9 .5
- 7 .6
- 8 .4
- 7 .6
+ 2 .0
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .8
88.9
101.0
- 2 .5
- 1 .4
+ 1 .4
+ 2 .6
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
72.6
70.4
88.9
76.6
62.3
48.8
85.8
79.1
72.7
99.7
87.3
99.0
147.0
52.7
70.4
65.7
67.2
49.0
81.6
37.0
68.4
41.7
67.6
38.4
88.2
76.3
91.7
+ 3 .0
+ 4 .9
+ 5 .8
- 1 .2
-1 8 .4
+34.5
-1 7 .3
+ 4 .9
+ 9 .1
- 3 .8
-3 .5
-.3
-.3
-4 .2
- 9 .2
-1 9 .1
+ 4 .1
- 4 .1
+ 2 .3
-6 9 .7
-3 .2
-1 5 .9
+• 7
-1 9 .0
-3 .9
-1 2 .9
-2 .9
+ 9 .0
+23.5
+ 1 .3
- 1 0 .8
+ 3 .8
- 9 .6
+10.3
+ 3 .5
+. 3
+12.7
+ 4 .3
+10.5
+10.2
+ 1.9
+ 2.6
- 2 .5
+ 5 .3
+ .8
- 2 .9
- 5 .9
- 3 .8
+ .5
-1 .3
+ .8
+ 5 .8
+ 1 .9
+ 9 .8
81.4
94.1
-3 .9
-2 .7
+ 4 .2
+ 5.1
Average hours worked
per week i
Janu
ary
1936
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
$17.35
18.43
18.47
14.92
12.98
20.18
12.15
19.33
18. 54
21.96
21.89
22.40
29.43
20.53
13.90
16. 31
23.09
26. 31
23.89
23.52
22.98
14.26
15.42
13.98
25.36
18.20
21.38
+ 3 .3
+ 3 .2
+ 5 .3
-1 .2
-1 1 .2
+16.6
- 7 .0
+ 2 .4
+ 4 .9
- 1 .1
+ .9
+. 8
- ( 2)
-2 .7
- 1 .4
- 4 .7
+ 3 .6
- 1 .9
+ 1 .7
+17.1
- 1 .6
-6 .2
0
-7 .7
-1 .7
-7 .2
-1 .7
+ 4 .3
+13.3
-1.8
-2.9
+ .3
-.8
+ 5 .9
1-3.5
-1.1
-8.3
K6.9
-5.9
H6.3
k3.1
+10.0
+ 4 .4
+ 8 .9
+ 4 .8
+ 7 .8
+ 6 .9
+ 6 .3
+ 8 .7
+ 7 .7
+ 8 .9
+ 3 .8
-.2
+ 7 .7
28.42
33.79
-1 .4
-1 .4
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .0
Average hourly
earnings1
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Industry
Average weekly
earnings *
Pay roll
Employment
Janu
ary
1936
Janu
ary
1936
Janu
ary
1935
D e
cember
1935
Janu
ary
1935
32.2
31.8
32.2
31.9
35.0
+ 1 .4
+ 4 .9
+ .5
+ .3
- 3 .8
+12.3
+19.3
+ 7 .6
- 2 .3
+16.7
Cents
52.1
56.7
53.8
45.6
34.6
+ 1 .0
-2 .2
+ 4 .7
- 2 .4
- 6 .9
- 7 .2
-5 .0
- 9 .9
+. 1
-1 2 .7
32.2
38.0
37.6
39.4
40.5
41.4
37.8
- 6 .2
+ 1 .9
+ 2 .9
-.7
- 1 .1
+ .5
-.3
+17.4
+ 3 .5
+ 2 .7
+ 5.8
+ 5 .5
+ 5 .2
+ 4.9
38.9
51.3
50.1
55.4
54.0
53.9
78.6
+ .4
-.4
-.4
+ .2
+ 1.5
-.4
+ .2
- 7 .5
+ 1.2
+. 3
+ 2.6
+ 1.0
+• 4
+ 2.2
33.3
38.3
42.5
45.0
42.9
38.4
39.0
34.2
35.8
33.9
38.5
37.6
40.3
- 6 .6
- 8 .1
+ 4 .9
- 2 .4
+ 1 .6
-1 3 .7
-5 .0
-7 .5
-.3
-8 .7
-2 .4
—9.5
-1 .0
+ 2 .2
+ 9 .4
+12.6
+ 5 .4
+ 8.9
+ 7 .1
-.5
+ 3 .4
+ 2 .9
+ 3 .2
+ 3 .5
+ 2 .3
+ 7 .7
40.3
42.9
54.6
57.5
55.5
61.5
59.4
42.1
43.2
41.9
69.0
48.4
53.2
+ 2 .9
+ 2 .8
-.9
+. 1
+. 3
+32.3
+ 5 .6
+ 1 .1
+• 3
+ 1 .2
-.3
+ 2 .4
-.6
+ 6 .6
- 3 .8
-2 . 3
- 1 .0
+ .2
- 2 .7
+10.0
+ 5.0
+ 5 .0
+ 5 .8
+ 1 .2
-1 .6
+ .8
38.7
36.8.
-1 .0
- 2 .4
+ 3 .5
-.3
74.3
89.6
+ .3
- 1 .5
+. 1
+ 2 .7
D e
cember
1935
Nondurable goods— Continued
Textiles and their products— Continued.
Wearing apparel______ ___________________ __
Clothing, men’s________ _________________
Clothing, wom en’s . _____ ______ _______
Corsets and allied garments_____________
M en ’s furnishings_______________________
M illinery
Shirts and collars_______________ _________
Leather and its m anufactures........... ................
Boots and shoes____ ___________________ ___
Leather----------- ------- -------------------------------------Food and kindred products__________________
Baking_____ ______ __________________________
Beverages-----------------------------------------------------Butter
Canning and preserving-------------------------------Confectionery-----------------------------------------------Flour_______________________________________
Ice cream------------------------------------------------------Slaughtering and meat packing______________
Sugar, beet__________________________________
Sugar refining, c a n e . _____ _________________
Tobacco m anufactures_______________________
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff____
Cigars and cigarettes_____________________ .
Paper and printing___________________________
Boxes, p a p e r..______ ________________________
Paper and p ulp ________ _________ __ ________
Printing and publishing:
Book and jo b _____ _______ ______________
Newspapers and periodicals........................
Chemicals and allied products, and petro
leum refining.____ _________________________
Other than petroleum refining..------ -----------Chemicals.____ ________________________
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal...............
Druggists’ preparations___________ ____
Explosives_____________________________
Fertilizers________ _____________________
Paints and varnishes_______ ___________
Rayon and allied products_____________
Soap_________ _________________________
Petroleum refining_________________________
Rubber products________________________ ____
R ubber boots and shoes____________________
R ubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes__________________________
Rubber tires and inner tubes_______________
109.
110.
107.
73.
97.
- 2 .9
- 2 .3
-2 .4
-2 2 .9
- 1 .9
-.6
+ 5 .8
86.
92.
107.
353.
97.
108.
6.0
+ 3 .7
23.38
21.42
25. 32
9. 84
21.04
24.49
12. 73
23. 80
19. 91
23. 67
28.14
23.24
19.98
-5 .4
+ 8 .7
- 3 .7
20. 24
27.04
-
2.0
-1 .3
+ .4
- 4 .3
-5 .8
-
125.5
70. t
110.9
59.9
+ 6 .9
+ 7 .7
+ 9.8
+ 8 .3
-
6.1
-
1.6
+11.0
-4 .9
+15.6
+ 7 .7
+ 4 .6
+4. 5
+1.2
- 1.7
- 1 .1
-
1. 1
- 5 .0
-.7
-.8
-3 .9
- 1 .3
-.2
+•6
-3 .6
- 4.7
- 4.7
- 2 .7
-
6.2
+ 5 .6
+6.0
+ 4 .9
+11.9
+ 1 .9
+12.7
+13.8
+ 6 .5
+ 3 .2
+ 6.9
+ 4 .8
+ 2 .5
+ 3 .5
38.2
39.2
39.6
45.6
39.1
36.2
37.1
39.8
38.3
39.0
35.5
35.8
38.5
+ 4 .2
+ 1 .9
38.3
33.2
- 1.7
-1 .4
-1 .4
-6 .5
+.1
-.6
+ 1.0
-1 .8
-.5
+ .7
-2 .7
- 4.7
-3 .9
-2 .9
-6 .4
+ 5 .7
-.3
+ 4 .5
61.4
54.7
63.8
21.8
54.8
67.7
34.4
59.5
52.1
60.8
80.4
67.1
51.9
+ 1 .7
-2 .3
53.0
82.4
+.3
-5 .5
+12.3
+17.0
+10.3
+ 6 .2
Cents
83.1
77.8
57.8
47.4
77.3
_(2)
- 2 .1
-.2
-1 .2
- 2 .2
+ 1.0
+ 7 .6
- 2 .5
-.9
- 3 .5
+ 4 .6
+ 4 .0
+ 3 .5
+15.1
+ .2
+ 5 .4
+14.1
+ 4.1
- .7
+2.0
+ .2
+ .4
+• 3
+2.1
-.3
-.2
- 4 .4
+.5
+.3
-.1
-.6
+.3
-.7
-.1
Nonmanufacturing {indexes are based on 12-month average 1929 = 100 )
Coal mining:
Anthracite__________________________________
Bituminous_________________________________
Metalliferous mining____________________________
Quarrying and nonmetal lie mining_____________
Crude petroleum producing________ ____________
Public utilities.
Telephone and telegraph____________________
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas------------------------------------------------------------Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation
and maintenance_________________________
Trade:
Wholesale----------------------------------------------------Retail_______________________________________
General merchandising_________________
Other than general m erchandising______
Hotels, year-round 3_____________________________
Laundries_______________________________________
Dyeing and cleaning____________________________
Brokerage_______________________________________
Insurance_______________________________________
Building construction___________________________
59.1
79.8
54.2
39.4
71.1
+ 3 .0
+• 9
+1.3
- 8 .7
—i. 2
- 6 .0
-.3
+22.5
+6.6
-5 .1
54.4
70.6
41.7
25.5
55.7
- 1 .8
+ 1 .6
-3 .4
-1 4 .2
-7 .0
-5 .4
+18.5
+38.8
+22.3
+ .4
$26. 77
22. 66
23. 75
15.96
29. 35
-4 .7
+ .8
-4 .7
- 6 .1
- 5 .9
+ 0 .8
+18.8
+13.4
+14.7
+ 5 .8
31.4
29.5
40.6
33.7
37.3
- 6 .1
+ 2 .5
-4 .4
-4 .3
-3 .7
70.1
+ .7
-.6
75.0
-.9
+ 1 .5
28.81
-1 .6
+ 2.1
38.5
+ (2)
-.7
77.6
- 1 .4
+ 3 .8
86.1
- .8
+4.1
84.8
-1 .4
+ 8 .7
31.63
-.6
+ 4.5
39.2
-1 .9
+ 1 .8
80.3
+ 1.1
+ 2 .5
70.7
+. 3
- -. 7
65.0
- 1 .7
+ 3 .3
29. 71
- 1 .9
+ 4.1
45.7
-2 .5
+ 2 .0
63.9
+ .6
+ 2 .2
85.6
80.4
88.2
78.4
81.9
81.5
71.5
(4)
(*)
W
-1 .4
-1 3 .4
-3 3 .0
- 5 .2
+ 1.3
+ .5
-2 .7
+ 3 .0
+• 3
-1 3 .0
+ 1.7
+1.1
+ 1.0
+ 1.3
+ 2.0
+ 2.3
+ 1.6
+17.7
+ .9
+ 3.9
66.6
62.1
76.4
59.1
64.9
68.3
51.6
(<)
(<)
(*)
- 3 .1
-1 0 .4
-2 6 .9
- 4 .7
+ 1.1
+ 1 .2
-2 .6
+ 4 .6
+ 1 .9
-1 4 .0
+ 4 .2
+ 4 .0
+ 3.9
+ 3 .9
+4. 3
+ 6 .8
+2. 4
+23.5
+ 4 .2
+13.6
27. 58
20.99
18.08
23. 33
13. 92
15. 90
17.40
36.49
37.86
24. 62
- 1 .7
+ 6 .7
+ 9.1
+ .6
-.2
+ .7
+• 1
+ 1 .5
+ 1 .5
-1 .2
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .9
+ 2 .6
+ 2.3
+ 4 .4
+ .7
+ 4 .9
+ 3 .2
+ 9 .2
41.6
43.3
40.9
44.0
48.3
41.3
41.0
(<)
0)
30.7
-2 .2
-.2
-2 .4
+ (2)
+ .2
+ 1.1
-.1
(<)
(4)
-.5
+ 2 .0
+ 3 .8
+ 7 .2
+ 2.9
+ 2.7
+ 4 .3
-2 .7
(<)
(<)
+15.1
66.3
52.8
46.7
54.6
28.5
37.2
42.3
(<)
(4)
79.9
+ .8
+ 4.5
+11.3
+ 1 .0
-.5
-.3
+ .5
(<)
(4)
-.8
-.5
-.9
-3 .4
-.4
+• 3
+ (2)
-.7
0)
(<)
L—4.0
1
Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year are computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month
in average weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing industries combined, and for retail trade are also computed from indexes.
2 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
s Cash payments only. The additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
* N ot available.
12
Indexes of employment and pay rolls, January 1935 to January 1936
I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing
industries combined, for the durable and nondurable goods groups
of manufacturing industries separately, and for 13 nonmanufacturing
industries including two subgroups under retail trade by months,
January 1935 to January 1936, inclusive, are given in table 4. The
accompanying diagram indicates the trend of factory employment
and pay rolls from January 1919 to January 1936.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative establishments in 90 man
ufacturing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is
the 3-year average, 1923-25, taken as 100. In January 1936, reports
were received from 23,470 establishments employing 3,922,993
workers whose weekly earnings were $83,577,346. The employment
reports received from these establishments cover more than 55 per
cent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of
the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90
industries included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ monthly survey.
The indexes for nonmanufacturing industries are also computed
from data supplied by reporting establishments, but the base is the
12-month average for 1929 as 100.
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined, in the Durable and Nondurable Goods Groups Under Manufactur
ing, and in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1935 to January
1936 *
[3-year average 1923-25=100 for manufacturing; 12-month average 1929=100 for nonmanufacturing indus
tries]
Manufacturing
Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
E m ploy
ment
P ay
rolls
E m ploy
ment
P ay
rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January........................... .........................
February_________ __________________
M a rc h .______ ______________________
A pril____ _________________ _________
M a y _____ _______________ __________
June________________________________
78.8 83.0 64.3 72.2 66.2 74.5 52.5 64.3 92.4 92.1 79.3 82.3
81.4
69.1
69.4
58.6
94.2
82.6
82.5
70.8
71.0
60.5
95.0
83.9
82.6
70.8
71.8
61.8
94.2
82.4
81.2
68.5
71.4
91.8
60.1
79.2
66.4
79.7
69.7
57.6
90.6
77.6
July_________________________________
August_________ _____________________
September____________________ ______
October_____________________ ________
N ovem ber_______ _____________ _____
Decem ber. ...............................................
79.7
82.0
83.7
85.3
85.0
84.6
65.4
69.7
72.2
75.0
74.5
76.6
69.4
70.5
71.2
74.9
76.1
75.7 -------
55.6
58.9
60.6
66.3
68.1
70.1 -------
90.8
94.3
97.1
96.4
94.6
94.2
77.9
83.4
87.1
86.2
82.7
85.1
82.2 . . . . .
70.3
71.4
60.9 . . . . .
93.8 . . . . .
82.3
A verage...................... .......... .......
r
' ~
i Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found in
the N ovem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues of
the M on th ly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935
issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M on th ly Labor Review.
13
Table 4 . — Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined, in the Durable and Nondurable Goods Groups Under Manufactur
ing, and in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1935 to January
1936 1-^-Continued
[3-year average 1923-25=100 for manufacturing; 12-month average 1929=100 for nonmanufacturing indus
tries]
Anthracite mining
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Bituminous-coal
mining
E m ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Metalliferous mining
E m ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
E m ploy
ment
1936 1935
Pay
rolls
1935 1936
January............
February..........
M arch..............
A pril.................
M a y ..................
June..................
62.
64.4
51.4
52.
53.5
56.8
57.5 54.4 80.0 79.8 59.6 70.6 44.3, 54.2 30.1 41.7
39.4 20.8 25.5
64.
81.1
44.3
37.3
22.2
29.9
66.1
67.5
40.5
45.0
30.9
24.9
38.9
81.6
49.9
74.3
45.0
45.3
31.8
28.9
46.0
49.1
44.4
49.5
31.4
32.8
49.5
75.3
64.7
77.
50.4
46.0
31.5
33.8
66.0
J u l y - ...............
A ugust.............
September____
October............
N ovem ber.......
Decem ber........
49.4
38.7
46.0
58.8
46.6
57.
37.5
28.3
38.2
55.9
28.4
55.4
70.0
73.4
77.1
74.3
76.1
79.1
35.9
45.8
60.1
69.8
65.5
69.5
45.2
46.3
48.9
51.6
52.6
53.5
31.1
33.4
35.4
38.7
39.6
43.2
50.9
51.0
50.0
50.0
46.7
43.1
34.4
36.3
35.4
36.5
32.1
29.7
53.2
47.5
76.7
58.2
47.3
33.9
46.0
30.6
Average.
Crude-petroleum
producing
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Telephone and
E m ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Electric light and
power and manu
factured gas
Electric-railroad and
motor-bus operation
and maintenance 2
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
Pay
rolls
Pay
rolls
1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935
1935 1936
70.5 70.1 73.9
72.9
70.0
69.8
75.3
69.7
73.1
70.0
73.7
70.2
74.4
82.7
82.2
82.3
82.6
83.3
83.
78.0
78.
79.4
79.0
79.8
79.8
71.2
71.0
71.3
71.4
71.6
71.7
62.9 65.0
63.1
63.4
63.3
63.6
63.9
59.9
58.9
60.9
57.9
357.2
59.9
70.3
70.5
70.4
70.0
75.7
75.5
73.8
74.9
74.9
75.6
84.8
86.9
87.4
87.6
81.5
82.8
84.5
84.4
83.4
86.0
71.5
71.2
71.0
71.1
71.1
70.5
63.4
63.3
64.0
64.1
57.9
70.1
74.5
84.8 .
8 1 .4 ........
7 1 .2 ____
6 3 .7 ........
January______
February.........
M arch..............
A pril.................
M a y ..................
June..................
74.9
74.2
74.0
74.9
76.0
76.7
55.5
54.9
56.0
56.7
57.8
59.2
July...................
A ugu st.............
September____
October............
N ovem ber.......
D ecem ber........
77.4
76.3
75.1
74.7
73.0
371.9
A v era g e... 374.9 ____
86.8
See footnote 1, p - 12.
a N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.
* Revised.
55968—36------ 3
14
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined, in the Durable and Nondurable Goods Groups Under Manufactur
ing, and in Selected Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1935 to January
19361— Continued
(3-year average 1923-25=100 for manufacturing; 12-month average 1929=100 for nonmanufacturing
industries]
Wholesale trade
T otal retail trade
Retail trade—gen
eral merchandising
Retail trade—other
than general mer
chandising
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
M onth
E m p loy
ment
P ay rolls
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
P ay rolls
P a y rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January______
February_____
M arch...............
A pril............... .
M a y ..................
June................ .
84.2 85.6 63.9 66.6
84.6
64.6
84.0 ........ 65.2
83.2
64.8 ........
64 6
82.5
82.1 ------- 64.6 -------
87.3 88.2 73. 5 76.4
86.2
72.3
74.1
88.6
94.4 ----- 77.5 ------91.3
76.3
91.2
76.7
77.4 78.4 56.9 59.1
77.3
56.6
78.0 ........ 57.6
80.7
59.4 ........
79.8
59.0
79.8 ------- 59.5 ........
Julyr.................
A ugust-............
September____
October_______
N ovem ber____
Decem ber____
82.1 ------- 64.6 ........ 79.3 ------- 60.5 ........ 85.5
72.0
78.0
82.7
64.8
59.3
83.1
69.5
67.2 ........ 81.8 ........ 62.5 ........ 92.2 ........ 77.2 - - - - 83.7
85.7
66.8
83.8
63.2
97.1
79.8
86.4 ------- 66.9
63.4
84.6
101.6 ------- 82.0
86.8
68.6
3 92.9 ____ 3 69.3
3131.7
3104.5
77.7 ........ 58.1
76.7
57.2
79.1 - - - - - 59.4 - - - - 80.3
59.8
80.1
59.6
82.7 ____ 3 62.0 ____
Average____
79.5 80.4 59.7 62.1
79.2
59.3
80.2 — - 60.4
83.5
62.5 ........
82.2
62.0
82.2 ........ 62.5 ........
__
84.0 ........
65.5 ........
__
82.3 . . . . .
62.1 ........ 3 94.2 ........
Year-round hotels
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
78.0 ........
Laundries
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
79.1 ........
58.8 -------
Dyeing and cleaning
E m ploy
ment
P ay rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January................................ .......... .........
February............................................ .
M a rch______________________________
A pril...................... ................ ...................
M a y __ ______________________________
June________________________________
80.3 81.9 62.2 64.9 79.6 81.5 63.9 68.3 70.3 71.5 50.4 51.6
81.1
79.6
64.1
69.6
63.5
49.8
80.8
63.9
79. 7
64.6
72.5
53.5
63.6
80.0
65.5
79.9
61.9
81.1
81.6
63.7
81.1
66.6
80.9
61.7
68.2
81.3
63.5
82.3
83.6
65. 7
J u ly .......... ................................................
August______________________________
September.......................... .....................
October................. ....................... ............
N ovem ber__________________________
December
80.3
80.7
81.1
81.6
81.5
80.8
62.1
62.0
63.1
64.3
64.8
64.2
84.4
84.2
83.0
81.9
81.3
81.1
70.9
69.2
67.9
67.1
66.7
67.5
81.7
79.4
82.1
80.4
76.3
73.4
61.5
58.2
63.1
61.1
55.4
52.9
81.0
63.4
81.5
66.8
77.5
57.9
Averasre
See footnote l, p. 12.
3 Revised.
Private Employment b y States and Geographic Divisions
T a b l e 5 gives a comparison of employment and pay rolls by States
and geographic divisions between December 1935 and January 1936
for all groups combined except building construction and class I rail
roads and for all manufacturing industries combined, based on data
supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage changes shown,
unless otherwise noted, are unweighted— that is, the industries in
cluded in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not
been weighted according to their relative importance.
16
Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in December 1935 and January 1936, by Geographic Divisions and by States
[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
b y cooperating State organizations]
Total—A ll groups
Manufacturing
Per
Per
Per
Per
cent
cent
cent A m ount cent
Am ount
N um N um ber age
of pay
Geographic division N um Number age
age
age
of
pay
ber of on pay change
ber of on pay change roll (1 change
and State
roll (1 change
week)
from estab roll Jan from
estab roll Jan from
from
week)
lish
uary
D e
uary
lish
Janu
D e
D e
D e
cem January cem ments
ary
cem
cem
ments
1936
1936
1936
ber
ber
1936
ber
ber
1935
1935
1935
1935
New England ........ 13,221
703
M aine.....................
591
N ew H am pshire405
Verm ont................
Massachusetts___ 2 8,609
R hode Island........ 1,173
1,840
Connecticut..........
793,551
49,713
34,308
14,739
436,115
85,528
173,148
—4.1
- 2 .8
-.8
- 3 .1
-4^6
-4 .6
- 3 .3
Dollars
16,966,390 - 4 .0
950,671
-3 .3
667,440 - 2 . 4
313,565 + 0 )
9,685,895
- 8 .8
1,734,174 - 5 . 9
3,665,145 - 4 . 6
3,131
255
185
122
1,541
401
627
543,565
42,092
28,068
9,557
248,828
69,127
145,893
- 4 .9
4,925 1,067,356
- 4 .7 8 1,946 895,644
-4 .9
4 746 223,581
- 5 .1
2,283 448,281
Dollars
- 2 .6 10,945,383
-2 .5
775,113
+• 4 521, 776
-2 .9
196,899
- 2 . 7 5,074,205
- 3 . 8 1,314,284
- 2 . 4 3,063,106
- 3 .S
- 3 .7
- 2 .1
- 1 .9
- 8 .0
- 6 .4
- 4 .6
- 2 .2
-1 .4
-3 .5
-2 .8
- 3 .1
- 2.2
-4 .2
-3 .4
Middle A tla n tic... 31,815 1,797,503
New Y ork ............. 20,416 785,204
3,271 258,073
N ew Jersey______
8,128 754,226
Pennsylvania.......
- 5 .0 43,305,70£
- 6 .7 20,166,283
- 4 .5 6,144,427
- 3 .3 16,994,992
East N orth Cen
tral..................... 18,292 1,812,381
7,556 495,706
Ohio.......................
Indiana.................. 2,187 198,866
Illinois................... *4,271 487,516
M ichigan............... 3,328 462,640
W isconsin............. *1,000 167,653
-3 .2
-3 .9
-2 .2
- 8 .2
- 2 .6
- 3 .6
West N orth Cen
tral..................... 10,088
1,998
Minnesota.............
Iow a_____________ 1,583
Missouri_________ 2,975
514
North Dakota___
412
South Dakota___
1,567
Nebraska...............
Kansas................... 81,284
358,095
74,814
52,050
148,660
4,595
4,767
30, 254
42,955
- 4 .3
-5 .9
- 2 .4
-3 .5
-5 .0
- 7 .3
-6 .5
-4 .4
7,950,474
1, 705,259
1,141,199
3,252,786
103,997
106,342
660,900
979,991
- 4 .1
- 8 .3
—.9
- 3 .7
-6 .0
- 6 .1
-3 .8
-.5
2,052
363
375
729
43
31
153
358
173,775 - 1 .4 3,736,198 - 1 . 9
733,316 - 1 0 .4
33,619 - 5 .3
612,362 + 3 .7
27,948
+ .6
76,782
+ . 5 1, 563,254
-.7
684 - 2 . 3
16,102 - 9 .4
35,886 - 6 . 4
1,498 -1 5 .8
231,638 - 1 .1
10,475 - 3 .1
543,640 + 1 .4
22,769 - 2 .5
S ou th A tla n tic.. . 10,200
212
Delaware...............
1,613
M aryland_______
Dist. of Columbia. 1,023
1,984
Virginia_________
1,064
W est Virginia___
1,242
North C a r o lin a South Carolina. _.
711
Georgia....... ........... 1,423
1,028
Florida 5................
707,092 - 3 .1 12,788,772
12,694 - 2 . 4
293,680
103,559 - 5 . 6 2,205,058
814,055
33,499 -1 3 .9
89,573 - 2 .9 1,655,680
122,999 - 2 .7 2,726,968
141,419 - 1 . 9 2,001,866
66,861
- 1 .1
915,185
- . 2 1,478,664
95,193
41,295 - 2 .3
697,616
- 4 .8
-2 .5
-8 .9
-9 .2
- 4 .5
-4 .8
-6 .8
-2 .0
-2 .3
-6 .9
2,569
78
640
36
416
229
554
198
342
176
474,326 - 1 . 6
8,621
-.4
67,671 7 - 1 . 6
3,444 - 3 . 0
-.3
61,123
51,565 - 4 . 0
131,919 - 1 .3
60,469
-.8
72,937 + 1-1
16,577 -1 3 .9
East Sou th Cen
tral.....................
K en tu cky..............
Tennessee..............
Alabama................
Mississippi............
4,297
1,329
1,254
1,171
543
241,619
74,720
81,372
72,260
16,267
- 3 .3
- 3 .5
-5 .2
-1 .0
- 3 .3
4,270,379
1,516,943
1,373,030
1,136,114
244,292
- 4 .1
-4 .0
- 5 .4
- 2 .5
-4 .8
878
263
303
218
94
149,383
30,525
58,777
49,489
10,592
- 3 .0 2,372,994
-3 .7
586,107
939,149
-4 .6
-.5
705,686
142,052
- 3 .7
- 5 .9
-9 .3
-5 .6
-3 .6
-5 .0
W est Sou th Cen
tral.....................
Arkansas...............
Louisiana..............
Oklahoma.............
Texas......................
3,921
io 658
872
1,345
1,146
159,433 - 2 .1
£8,681
-2 .0
40,898 - 3 . 9
36,082 - 3 . 4
68,872 + 0 )
3,293,802
887,681
746,236
808,759
1,851,126
- 1 .6
- 6 .2
-3 .9
-4 .8
+ 1 .4
864
224
215
123
302
83,266
16,288
21,445
9,644
35,939
- . 6 1,602,397
239,101
-.8
-2 .9
334,787
-2 .0
199,039
+ 1.0 829,470
+ .2
’—1*4
-1 .9
-4 .0
+ 2 .7
42,951,965 - 7 .1
11,787,963 - 5 . 9
4,415,814 - 6 . 4
11,608,870 - 2 . 7
11,279,565 -1 3 .9
3,860,253 - 2 .1
24,172,143
9,818,881
5,116,136
9,237,676
6,706 1,388,817 - 1 .2 33,981,967 - 2 . 9
2,243 356,348
- . 8 8,442, 253 - 5 . 5
851 166,009
- . 7 8,626,256 - 6 . 8
2,016 814,209 - 1 . 0 7,277,509 - 1 . 7
-.7
852 417,510 - 1 . 8 11,506,027
744 135, 741 1 - 1 . 4 3,129,922 7 - 3 . 0
7,743,264 - 5 .7
191,169 - 1 . 9
1,861,551 7 - 2 . 4
113,049 - 3 . 9
1,094,410
- 3 .5
1,100,782 -1 2 .3
1,837,440 - 6 . 9
803,134 - 1 . 8
1,000,783
-3 .4
240,946 -1 7 .6
* Less than Ho of 1 percent.
a Includes banks and trust companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employm ent,
amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
* Includes laundering and cleaning, and water, light, and power.
* Includes laundries.
•Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
•Includes construction, but does not include hotels, restaurants, and public works.
* W eighted percentage change.
• Includes financial institutions, construction, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
• Data for “ Total—A ll groups” and “ Manufacturing” for December 1934, January 1935, and February
1035, revised and presented in lower table on following page.
Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.
17
Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in December 1935 and January 1936, by Geographic Divisions and by States—
Continued
[Figures in italics are not com piled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
b y cooperating State organizations]
Total—All groups
Manufacturing
Per
Per
cent
Amount cent
N um N um ber
Geographic division N um Number age
age
ber of on pay change of pay change ber of on pay
and State
roll (1
from
estab roll Jan from
estab
roll Jan
week)
lish
uary
D e
D e
lish
uary
cem January cem ments
ments
1936
1936
1936
ber
ber
1935
1935
4,270
M ou n tain ......... .
679
M ontana________
450
Idaho.......... ..........
327
W yom ing_______
1,198
Colorado...............
329
N ew M exico.........
490
Arizona................ .
U t a h ............ .
.
569
228
N evada.............. .
Pacific____________
W ashington_____
Oregon__________
California_______ ii
5,924
2,553
1,289
2, 082
Dollars
111,055 —8.9 2,640,670 - 9 .6
457,860 - 8 . 2
17,288 - 5 . 6
8,447 -1 6 .6
178, 773 -1 4 .2
8,183 - 4 .9
221, 723 -1 0 .4
879,177 -1 0 .2
37,305 -1 1 .5
121,152 - 2 .3
5,870
-.5
14,251 - 2 .2
327,234 - 7 .1
16,463 -1 3 .0
368,133 -1 2 .1
3,248 - 1 .4
86,618 - 6 .1
376,261
82,109
42, 204
251,948
- 4 .4
- 3 .4
- 4 .3
- 4 .7
9,515,455
1,946,923
973,907
6,594,625
- 5 .0
- 3 .4
-6 .0
- 5 .4
532
82
50
43
166
24
40
96
31
29,631
4,305
2,432
1,808
12,047
608
2,342
5,041
1,048
1,934
492
260
1,182
197,241
46,216
22, 648
128,377
Per
Per
cent Amount cent
a l
of pay
age
change roll (1 change
from
week)
from
D e
Janu
D e
cem
ary
cem
ber
1936
ber
1935
1935
-1 9 .3
-1 4 . 3
-2 7 .9
-1 3 .1
-2 1 .4
.0
- 5 .5
-2 5 .7
+ 1 .6
Dollars
681,412
101,162
47,821
49,024
284, 561
10,422
50,886
108,379
29,157
-1 9 .9
-1 9 .8
-2 8 .9
-1 5 .4
-2 0 .3
-1 0 .4
-1 1 .2
-2 3 .9
-5 .6
- 2 .7 4,864,758 - 5 .4
+ .7 1,055,718 —0)
-3 .7
484,135 - 7 .3
- 3 .7 3,824.905 - 6 . 7
i Less than Ho of 1 percent.
11 Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.
T he following table is*a continuation of footnote 9 on preceding page.
Total—All groups
Year and month
N um
N um
ber of
estab ber on
pay
lish
roll
ments
December 1934.......... 1,320
January 1935.......... . 1,230
February 1935........... 1,167
50,833
49,177
50,331
Manufacturing
Per
Per
cent N um
cent
N um
age
age
Amount
ber of
change of pay change estab ber on
from
pay
from
roll (1
lish
week)
pre
pre
roll
vious ments
vious
month
month
+ 6 .7 $807, 680
+ 3 .5
743,915
+ 2 .0 779,993
+ 6 .9
-.2
+ 2 .0
232
195
187
23,185
21,226
20,946
Per
Per
cent
cent
age
Amount
age
change of pay change
from
from
roll (1
pre
week)
pre
vious
vious
month
month
+ 5 .6 $324,574
281,314
- 2 .1
- 1 .8
273,350
+ 5 .2
-6 .9
- 3 .6
Private Employment and Pay Rolls by Principal Cities
A c o m p a r is o n of January employment and pay-roll totals with
December totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population
of 500,000 or over is made in table 6. The changes are computed from
reports received from identical establishments in both months.
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building
construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this
industry have not been included in these city totals.
18
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in January 1936 and December 1935, by Principal Cities
Cities
N ew York C ity ................
Chicago, 111_____________
Philadelphia, P a ..............
Detroit, M ich ................. .
Los Angeles, C alif......... .
Cleveland, Ohio...........
St. Louis, M o .......... .........
Baltimore, M d _________
Boston, Mass....................
Pittsburgh, P a ________
San Francisco, Calif____
Buffalo, N . Y __________
Milwaukee, W is...............
Number on pay roll
Number of
establish
ments re
porting in
both
months
December
1935
15,975
3,849
2,500
1,417
2,576
1,663
1,490
1, 221
3, 203
1,491
1, 379
912
686
663,794
368, 258
222, 656
315, 559
126, 616
128,516
114,335
83, 027
153, 230
184, 507
73, 236
65, 776
68, 280
January
1936
622,949
358,323
211,096
309,458
121, 233
121, 212
110, 204
77,747
147,472
176,325
69,449
62,202
65,468
Am ount of pay roll (1
Per
week)
centage
change
from
De
January
cember December
1935
1936
1935
-6 .2
-2 .7
-5 .2
- 1 .9
-4 .3
- 5 .7
-3 .6
-6 .4
-3 .8
- 4 .4
-5 .2
-5 .4
- 4 .1
$17,285,000 $16,570,284
9,389,873
9,121,590
5,370,029
5,144,437
9,136,421
7, 660, 661
3,325,479
3,110,964
2,969,441
3,184, 266
2,441,000
2, 538,018
1,810,714
1, 709,714
3, 610, 267
3,493,299
4,474,332
4,112,974
1,923,863
1,784, 724
1,611,662
1,479,912
1,644,865
1, 561,406
Per
centage
change
from
D e
cember
1935
-4 .1
-2 .9
-4 .2
-1 6 .2
- 6 .5
-6 .7
- 3 .8
-5 .6
-3 .2
-8 .1
- 7 .2
- 8 .2
- 5 .1
Public Employment
E m p l o y m e n t created by the Federal Government includes employ
ment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935.
The Works Program was inaugurated by the President in a series
of Executive orders by authority of Public Resolution 11, approved
April 8, 1935. Employment created by this program includes em
ployment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated
by the Works Progress Administration. Federal projects are those
conducted by Federal agencies which have received allotments from
The Works Program fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration are those projects conducted under the supervision of
the W . P. A.
The emergency-work program consists of projects authorized by
the Federal Emergency Relief Administration since April 1, 1934.
This program of providing employment through relief-work projects
was rapidly curtailed as The Works Program got under way. The
emergency conservation program (Civilian Conservation Corps),
created in April 1933, has been further extended under authority of
the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
19
Executive Service o f the Federal Governm ent
S t a t is t ic s of employment in the executive branches of the Federal
Government in January 1935, December 1935, and January 1936 are
presented in table 7.
Table 7.— Employees in Executive Service of the United States, January 1935,
December 1935, and January 1936
[Subject to revision]
District of Columbia
Outside District of
Columbia
Entire service
Item
Per
ma
nent
Tem
po
rary
Num ber of employees:
January 1935____________ ____ 88,798 7,283
December 1935______________ 104, 282 7,806
January 1936_______ _________ 105,145 7,204
Percentage change:
January 1935 to January 1936__ +18.41 -1 .0 9
December 1935 to January
1936________________ ______
+ . 83 -7 .7 1
Labor turnover, January 1936:
Additions 4___............................
1, 570 1,449
Separations 4............................ _ 1, 446 1,118
1. 38 14.90
Turnover rate per 100___________
Total
Per
ma
nent
Tem
po
rary 1
Per
ma
nent
Total
Tem
po
rary 1
Total
96,081 509,093 83,047 592,140 597,891 90,330 688,221
112,088 607,060 297,075 2704,135 711, 342 2104,881 2816, 223
112,349 599,494 93,610 693,104 704,639 100,814 3805,453
+16.93 +17. 76 +12. 72 +17.05 +17.85 +11. 61 +17.03
+ . 23 - 1 . 25 -3 .5 7
-1 .5 7
-.9 4
-3 .8 8
-1 .3 2
3,019 9,809 14,445
2, 564 18,485 16, 558
2.28
1. 63 15.15
24, 254 11, 379
35, 043 19,931
3.47
1. 61
15,894
17, 676
15.45
27, 273
37, 607
3. 36
1 N ot including field employees of the Post Office Department or 14,751 employees hired under letters
of authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $559,292.
2 Revised.
3 N ot including 436 employees transferred but not reported b y Department to which they were assigned.
4 N ot including employees transferred within the Government service as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turnover.
The information concerning employment in the executive depart
ments is collected by the Civil Service Commission from the different
departments and offices of the United States Government. The
figures are tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The monthly record of employment in the executive departments
of the United States Government from January 1935 to January 1936,
inclusive, is shown in table 8.
Table 8.— Employment in the Executive Departments of the United States by
months, January 1935 to January 1936
[Subject to revision]
District
of Co
lumbia
Outside
District
of C o
lumbia
Total
96,081
97,251
99,133
101,429
592,140
597, 769
600,484
609,027
688, 221
695,020
699,6.17
710,456
M a y .............. ................. . 103,019
June__________________ 103,977
J u ly .............. __________ 104, 747
A ugu st........................... 107,037
609, 573
614,259
626,453
663, 086
712, 592
718, 236
731, 200
770,123
M onth
19S5
January______ ________
February........................
M arch................ ............
April............................. .
District
of Co
lumbia
Outside
District
of Co
lumbia
Total
September____________ 109,195
October___ ____ ______ 110,583
N ovem ber____________ 111, 196
December. __________ 112,088
678,229
687,115
690,202
704,135
787,424
797,698
801,398
816,223
1936
January______________
693,104
805,453
M onth
1935—Continued
112,349
20
Construction Projects Financed b y the Public W orks Adm inistration
D e t a il s concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during January 1 on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 9, by type of project.
Table 9.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public Works Administration Funds, January 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T ype of project
M axi
m um
number
em
ployed 1
W eekly
average
M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N um ber of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
All projects 2......................................... 3 100,805
93,931
$8,316,288
11,916,286
$0.698
$8,689,661
Building construction 2......................
F orestry............................................ . .
Naval vessels......................................
Public roads *______ ____________
14,194
73
28,746
(5)
11,298
59
27,626
28,409
839,367
2,661
3,528,293
1, 263,183
1,055,994
3,619
4,372,048
2,855, 500
.795
.735
.807
.442
1,445,927
3,792
2,741,557
1,700,000
Reclam ation.........................................
River, harbor, and flood control____
Streets and roads.................................
Water and sewerage...........................
Miscellaneous........................ : ______
13, 514
12,342
1,624
62
1,841
13,043
10,376
1,340
44
1, 736
1,396,670
1, 091,204
61,338
2,104
131,468
1, 914,793
1, 394, 791
123,833
2,575
193,133
.729
.782
.495
.817
.681
1,104,197
1,425,051
77,317
17,015
174,805
Non-Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
A ll p r o je c t s .........................................
73,695
58,778
$4,837,898
5, 516,518
$0.877
$9,226,493
Building construction........................
Railroad construction......... .............
Streets and roads................................
Water and sewerage........... ................
Miscellaneous_____________ _______
39,244
2,047
6,230
22,959
3,215
31,682
1,720
4, 691
18, 215
2,470
2,849,051
77,008
323,271
1,407,673
180,895
2,989,342
118,849
419,046
1,733,850
255,431
.953
.648
.771
.812
.708
5,093,661
124 196
814,238
2,708,905
485,493
Non-Federal projects—Financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds 6
All p rojects...................... ...................
20,583
15,709
$974,330
1,366,593
$0. 713
$3,594,782
Building construction............... .........
Electrification.................... ......... .......
H eavy engineering........................... .
Reclam ation______________________
12,212
116
184
247
9,237
83
109
213
532,669
5,337
12, 375
11, 596
751,983
7,254
11,776
18,199
.708
.736
1.051
.637
2,214,344
41,663
11,801
14,334
R iver, harbor, and flood control.......
Streets and roads.................................
Water and sewerage.. ._ __________
Miscellaneous________ ____________
24
1,419
6,028
353
22
1,166
4,593
286
1,460
66,470
330,139
14, 284
2,782
106,017
440,474
28,108
.525
.627
.750
.508
337
91,645
1,179,029
41,629
1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Governm ent
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes a maximum of 3,157 and an average of 2,730 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E. R . A. A. 1935 funds, who were paid $154,305 for 254,756 man-hours of labor. Material
orders in the amount of $37,596 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate
tables covering projects financed b y The W orks Program.
3 Includes weekly average for public roads.
4 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
5 N ot available; average number included in total.
6 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed by The W orks Program.
i Unless otherwise expressly stated, when January is referred to in this section, it may be accepted as
meaning the month ending Jan. 15.
21
Federal construction projects are financed by allotments made by
the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and depart
ments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the
National Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the lowcost housing program now under way, however, is financed by funds
provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
The work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been
awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal
agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appro
priation Act of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to
the States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally allot
ments have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects
for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated
under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works
Administration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of
the total construction cost. When funds provided under the Emer
gency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 are used to finance a nonFederal project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost may be fur
nished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of
the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify
such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the grantee
with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to com
mercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by the
Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a
definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works
Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public.
In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of
the activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Admin
istration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotive and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in com
mercial shops.
Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i. e., con
struction, is shown in table 9. Employment in car and locomotive
shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and locomotive
shops is shown in table 10.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during January in
railway-car and locomotive shops on projects financed by the Public
Works Administration fund are shown in table 10.
22
Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway-Car and Locomotive Shops
on Work Financed From Public Works Administration Funds, January 1936
[Subject to revision]
M onthly
pay roll
disburse
ments
N um ber
of
man-hours
worked
during
m onth
Average
earnings
per hour
$270,865
396,138
$0.684
133,731
137,134
196,454
199,684
.681
.687
W age earners
Shops operated b y —
M axi
m um 1
Semi
m onthly
average
Railroad and commercial firms____
2,737
(2)
Railroads_________________________
Commercial firms............................
1,818
919
1,775
(2)
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth
(2)
$1,054,882
(2)
1 M axim um number employed during either semim onthly period b y each shop.
2 Data not available.
Monthly trend
A s u m m a r y of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed from public-works funds from July 1933 to January
1936 is given in table 11.
Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to January 1936, Inclusive,
on Projects Financed From Public Works Administration Funds
[Subject to revision]
M axi
mum 1
number
of wage
earners
Year and month
M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N um ber of
man-hours
worked
during
m onth
July 1933 to January 1936, inclusive 2.............
$609,827,977 975,828, 664
July 1933 to December 1934, inclusive______
341,252,478 585,280,577
A ver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during m onth
$0. 625 $1,125,391,463
.583
3 685, 504,204
27,478,022
25,144,558
26,008,063
31,387,712
36,763,164
38,800,178
.672
.672
.669
.667
.667
.654
* 30,746,857
29,264,484
27,276, 566
31,645,166
3 36,893,840
3 42,017,642
24,968,785
25,292, 656
22,772,317
21,692,439
19,512,866
16,360,315
37,845,047
37,133,989
32,478,773
30,358,351
26,317, 564
21,637,131
.660
.681
.701
.715
.741
.756
41,936,424
46,954,714
3 40,988,896
35,042,853
29,046,684
25,507,315
14,399,381
19,195,535
.750
22,565,818
1935
January____ ______________________
____
February_______________ __________________
M arch____ _____________________ ___________
A p ril__________________ ___________ ________
M a y .......................... .............................. ..............
June__________________ _________ ___________
304,723
272,273
281,461
333,045
394,875
414,306
18,462,677
16,896,475
17,400, 798
20,939,741
24,490,087
25,386,962
J u ly_______________________________________
A ugust____________________________________
September 2________________ _______________
October 2_______________ ____________ ____
Novem ber 2________________________________
December 2_____ _____________ _____________
405,332
394,509
344,520
308,632
271,111
231,692
1936
J an uary*............................................ ..................
197,820
1 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-roads projects.
2 Includes wage earners employed on projects under the jurisdiction of P. W . A . which are financed from
E. R . A. A . 1935 funds. These data are also included in tables covering projects financed b y T he W orks
Program.
3 Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment.
T h e Works Program
A d e t a il e d record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on projects financed by The Works Program in January 1 is given
in table 12, by type of project.
i Unless otherwise expressly stated, when January is referred to in this section, it may be accepted as
meaning the month ending Jan. 15.
23
Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program January 1936
[Subject to revision]
W age earners
T yp e of project
Maximum W eekly
number
em p loyed 1 average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects
A ll projects. ...................................
248,929
228,257
$11,179, 541
25,955,820
$0.431
$8,988,622
Building construction................. .
Electrification........... .....................
Forestry_______________________
Grade-crossing elimination_____
H eavy engineering......... .......... . .
31,605
505
19,737
6,876
91
30, 644
483
18,039
5, 590
79
1,444,223
25, 568
975,717
322,205
7,705
2,874,964
56,050
3,441,114
600,847
11,519
.502
.456
.284
.536
.669
682,198
11,429
31,135
645, 328
3,177
Hydroelectric power p la n ts.. . . .
Plant, crop, and livestock con
servation____ _____ ___________
Professional, technical, and cleri
cal.................................................
Public r o a d s .............................. .
Reclam ation...................................
River, harbor, and flood control—
Streets and roads__________ _____
Water and sewerage______ ______
Miscellaneous____ _______ ______
1,471
1,302
28,386
123, 293
.230
184, 547
26,327
24,418
924,977
3,847,208
.240
102,666
17,609
34,153
52,170
17, 608
26,396
50,975
1,087,091
1, 327,190
1, 726,566
1,938,002
2,859,937
3,877, 750
.561
. 464
.445
55, 300
1, 571, 503
732, 621
41,699
6,429
1,029
9, 228
36,961
6,073
1,019
8, 670
2,470, 679
299,459
48,192
491, 583
4, 508,955
692,380
111, 304
1,012,497
.548
.433
.433
.486
4,341,158
279,004
13,421
335,135
P. W . A . projects financed from E . R . A. A. 1935 funds 2
A ll projects3________ __________
23, 740
18,439
$1,128, 635
1, 621, 349
0. 696
3,632,378
Building construction 3_........... .
Electrification__________________
H eavy engineering_____________
______ _________
Reclamation
15,369
116
184
247
11,967
83
109
213
686, 974
5,337
12,375
11, 596
1,006, 739
7, 254
11, 776
18,199
.682
.736
1.051
.637
2,251,940
41, 663
11,801
14,334
River, harbor, and flood control..
Streets and roads________ _____
Water and sewerage______ ______
Miscellaneous.................................
24
1,419
6,028
353
22
1,166
4, 593
286
1,460
66, 470
330,139
14, 284
2,782
106,017
440,474
28,108
.525
.627
.750
.508
337
91, 645
1,179,029
41,629
Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
All projects 3................................... 4 «2,755, 802
$127,054,184 310, 755,226
Conservation________ ________
H ighway, road, and street______
Housing 3_ ____________ ________
Professional, technical, and cleri
ca l. _________________________
Public building______ _______
Publicly owned or operated utili
ties 7_________________________
164,842
1,137, 690
4,933
Recreational facilities 8__.............
Rural electrification and electric
utilities.......... .............................
Sanitation and health___________
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc.
Transportation_______ __________
N ot elsewhere classified...............
330, 272
17,386,461
3,180
101, 351
303,888
45, 766
110, 278
159,249
3,894,931
11,388, 792
2,124,022
4, 591,892
$0,409 6$19,860,772
7,154,447 18,120,987
47,705,884 127,426,052
322,922
499,954
.395
.374
.646
835,018
5,996, 767
14,938
158, 214
188, 752
10, 389, 780
10, 669,005
17,637, 781
20,136,327
.589
.530
364,363
3,761,177
238, 446
11,266,799
26,116,331
.431
3,999,303
37,179,059
.468
2,569,106
380, 645
11, 736, 956
34, 319,287
5,006,590
12,195,257
.418
.332
.332
.424
.377
69,164
311,416
619, 373
504,374
815,773
i Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
8 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
W orks Administration.
3 Data for a maximum of 2,203 and an average of 1,989 employees who were paid $113,262 for 195,668 manhours on demolition work at the site of low-cost-housing projects are included both under P. W . A . projects
financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds and under projects operated b y the W orks Progress Administration.
4 This total differs from the sum of the individual items since 31,810 employees worked on more than
one type of project.
• Represents number of workers on pay roll during month ending Jan. 15. During week ending
Jan. 31, there were nearly 2,950,000 workers employed on projects operated b y the Works Progress A dm in
istration
6 Value of material orders placed during month ending Jan. 31, 1936.
7 Exclusive of electric utilities.
8 Exclusive of buildings.
24
Monthly trend
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
by The Works Program from the beginning of the program in July
1935
to January 1936 are given in table 13.
Table 13.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 to January 1936, Inclusive,
on Projects Financed by The Works Program
[Subject to revision]
M axi
m um
number
em ploy
ed i
M onth and year
M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N um ber of
man-hours
worked dur
ing month
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth
Federal projects
$41, 257,284
91,867, 429
0.449
$41,105, 564
5,131
32, 672
76,524
129,064
168,234
217,027
276,839
1, 215,990
3, 754, 773
6, 243,023
8, 391,581
10,195,537
603, 318
2, 791,802
7, 815, 795
13, 669, 524
18,870, 799
22,160, 371
.456
.436
.480
.457
.445
.460
164, €04
1, 684,347
4,071, 945
9, 723, 568
9, 214,916
7, 258,162
248,929
11,179, 541
25,955,820
.431
;8, 622
July 1935 to January 1936, inclusive.
1935
J u ly_______
A ugust____
September..
October___
N ovem ber..
D ecem b er..
1936
January.
P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds 2
$1, 789,918
2, 617,440
317
1,184
3,422
9, 203
10, 575
54,380
149, 545
446, 783
17,493
78, 928
223,363
676,307
23, 740
1,128, 635
1, 621,349
September 1935 to January 1936, inclusive.
1935
September_______________________________
October__________________________________
N ovem ber_______________________________
Decem ber_______________________________
1936
January 3.............. ......................... _........ ........
$5, 657,872
.605
.689
.670
.661
28, 573
159, 568
444, 588
1, 392, 765
3, 632,378
Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
$297,965,515
678,344, 267
$0.439
$65,903,075
1935
A ugust_____ _________________________ _
73,153
September_________________________ ______
258,830
October......................................... ....................
516,581
N ovem ber_________ _________ ____ ______ 1, 202,471
Decem ber_______________________________ 2,335, 610
1,199, 936
10,303,491
23,357,955
44,497, 604
91,552,345
2,581, 988
17, 790,436
50, 739, 568
94, 677, 998
201,799,051
.465
.579
.460
.470
.454
3,202,136
2,089,324
8, 236,283
14, 836, 346
17, 678,214
1936
January3______________________ __________ 2, 755,802
127,054,184
310,755, 226
.409
19,860,772
August 1935 to January 1936, inclusive
1 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
W orks Administration.
3 Data for 2,203 employees who were paid $113,262 for 195,668 man-hours on dem olition w ork at the site
of low-cost-housing projects are included both under P. W . A. projects financed from E. R . A . A . 1935 funds
and under projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration.
Em ergency-W ork Program
A s u m m a r y of employment, pay rolls, and average earnings, by
months, on the emergency-work program from its beginning in April
1934
to January 1936 is given in table 14.
25
T a b le
1 4 .-
M onth
-Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work
Program April 1934 to January 1936, inclusive
N um ber
of em
ployees
Am ount of Average
monthly
pay roll
earnings
1934
April..........
M a y ..........
June...........
1,089,762 $38,416,747
1,361,537 43,680, 775
1,504,571 42,423,990
July........
August____
September.
October___
N ovem ber.
December_
1, 725,266
1,924,066
1,950,108
1,996,822
2,159, 038
2,299,349
47,352,865
54,914,792
50,288,868
53,901,325
62,833,046
61,925,339
$35.25
31.35
28. 20
27.45
28.54
25.79
26.99
29.10
26.93
N um ber
of em
ployees
M onth
1935
January.................
February________
M arch__________
April------------------M a y ...................
June_____________
A ver
Am ount of mage
onth
pay roll
ly earn
ings
2,443,673 $70,806,598
2,432, 772 62, 795,267
2,368,993 61,825,268
2,275,872 61,321,053
2,196,421 63, 530,180
2,021,060 54,382,876
$28.98
25.81
26.10
26.94
28.92
26.91
53,136,833
38,989,150
21,184,250
17, 791,923
8, 258,626
1,844,813
27. 55
27. 62
23.82
27.59
23.84
26.91
918,000
33.38
July----------------- --- 1,928,772
1,411,462
August.................
889,231
September..........
O ctober......... .......
644,972
N ovem ber.............
346,470
December_______
68, 558
1936
January_________
27,500
Emergency Conservation W ork
I n f o r m a t io n concerning employment and pay rolls in emergency
conservation work in December 1935 and January 1936 is given in
table 15.
Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work,
December 1935 and January 1936
Number of employees
Amount of pay rolls
January
1936
January
1936
Group
December
1935
December
1935
A ll groups________________________________________
476,609
506,605
$21,387,521
$21,905,516
Enrolled personnel_______________________________
Reserve ofQcers___________________________________
Educational advisers 1____________________________
Supervisory and technical2_______________________
421,454
8, 677
2,037
3 44,441
453,152
9, 264
2,198
* 41,991
13,162,011
1,814, 632
344, 664
3 6,066,214
14,151,942
1,940,881
376,828
<5,435,865
1 Included in executive service table.
2 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
3 42,359 employees and pay roll of $5,867,790 included in executive service table.
4 38,854 employees and pay roll of $5,173,647 included in executive service table.
The employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation
workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War
Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of
Commerce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the
Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed
as follows: 5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining
87 percent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are pro
vided with board, clothing, and medical services.
Monthly statistics of employment and pay rolls on the emergencyconservation program from January 1935 to January 1936, inclusive,
are given in table 16.
26
Table 16,— Monthly Totals of Employees and Pay Rolls in Emergency
Conservation Work, January 1935 to January 1936
[Subject to revision]
N um ber
of em
ployees
A m ount of
p ay roll
1935—Continued
August____________________
September________________
October..................................
N ovem ber.............. ...............
December................................
590,362
534,057
550,650
543,958
506, 605
$26,235,863
24,404,708
24,830,752
23,957,751
21,905,516
1936
January___________________
476,609
21,387,521
M onth
Number
of em
ployees
A m ount of
pay roll
M onth
1935
January___________________
_____________
F ebruary.
M arch____________________
A pril______________________
398,692
373,850
294,955
368,537
$16,757,883
16,320,803
14,188,097
16,401,114
M a y ______________________
June______________________
July_______________________
385,192
427, 556
480,586
17,719,018
19,766,881
22,074,577
Construction. Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
S t a t is t ic s concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation in January are presented in table 17, by type of
project.
Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, January 1936
[Subject to revision]
N um ber of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
m onth
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth
Num ber
of wage
earners
M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
A ll projects............... ..............................................
7,560
$850,271
1,093,350
$0.778
$1,355,520
B rid g e s ___________________________ __________
Building construction 1................. .......................
Reclam ation________ _________________________
Water and sewerage.............. ..................... - .........
Miscellaneous________________________________
1,650
137
102
4,523
1,148
187,375
8,753
2,673
523,523
127,947
182,388
9,447
4,970
704, 678
191,867
1.027
.927
.538
.743
.667
344,195
60,819
53
933,691
16, 762
T y p e of project
1 Includes 44 employees and a pay roll of $1,625 on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage Co.
A monthly summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from January 1935 to January 1936, inclusive,
is shown in table 18.
27
Table 18.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation, January 1935 to January 1936
[Subject to revision]
Number of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Num ber
of wage
earners
M on th ly
pay roll
disburse
ments
1935
January.............. .................................................. .
F e b ru a ry ............................................................. .
M arch.................... ........................................... . . .
A pril......................................... ............... ..............
M a y .........................................................................
June..........................................................................
11,180
10,373
9,586
10,300
10, 506
11,901
$1,054,708
1,048,593
890,333
1,007,424
1,100,977
1,191,336
1,484,190
1,457,662
1,253,493
1,389,072
1, 522,959
1,592,744
$0.711
.719
.710
.725
.723
.748
$3,966,718
5,028, 547
1,072,886
2, 517,175
2, 287,090
3,9,98,576
J u ly________ ______ - ------- ------------- ---------- -----A ugust-------- ---------- -------- ------- ---------- -----------September...................... ............ ..................... .......
October__________ __________________________
N ovem ber........................................................... . .
D e c e m b e r.............................. ........................ .
9, 581
9,415
9,301
9,192
9,793
7,786
1,001, 653
1,020,208
957,846
952, 790
1,001,408
869,459
1,349,064
1,367,071
1,271,475
1,269, 273
1,344,234
1,160,845
.742
.746
.753
.751
.745
.749
1,495,108
965,174
1,016,202
1, 228,928
1,411,338
1,383,293
1936
January *..................................................................
7,560
850,271
1,093,350
.778
1,355,520
M onth
1 Includes employees and pay roll on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage Co.
Construction Projects Financed From Regular Governmental
Appropriations
W h e n e v e r a construction contract is awarded, or force-account
work is started by a department or agency of the Federal Govern
ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on forms
supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor,
the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed.
Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Govern
ment agency doing the work. These reports are returned to the
Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts dis
bursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project, and
the value of the different types of materials for which orders were
placed during the month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not
have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to
that date.
Information concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations during January is presented in table 19, by type of
project.
28
Table 19.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed From Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, January 1936
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of wage
earners
T yp e of project
All projects..................................... .
Building construction.......................
Electrification........... ..........................
Naval vessels_______________ ______
Public roa d s3............. .........................
Reclamation................. .......................
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads_______ ______ ___
W ater and sewerage.................... .......
Miscellaneous- _____________ _____ _
M axi
mum
number
em
ployed 1
W eekly
average
M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N um ber of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
2 46,895
44,034
$3,990,725
6,246,418
$0.639
$5,584,611
7, 281
48
12,421
(4)
125
8,190
2, 525
20
728
5,857
22
11, 858
15, 557
105
7,718
2, 292
19
606
449,286
427
1, 541,620
1, 274, 385
7, 511
580, 223
97,417
772
39,084
629,429
628
1,843, 540
2,260, 568
11, 591
1, 204,037
237,728
1,116
57,781
.714
.680
.836
.564
.648
.482
.410
. 692
.676
959,268
1,060
2,063, 788
1, 715,076
10, 308
647,204
104,993
6,763
76,151
1 M axim um numbsr employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Governm ent
agency doing forca-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Estimated by the Bureau of Public Roads.
4 N ot available; average number included in total.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction
projects financed from regular governmental appropriations from
January 1935 to January 1936 are given in table 20, by months.
Table 20.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed From Regular
Governmental Appropriations, January 1935 to January 1936, Inclusive
[Subject to revision]
M onth
N um ber
of wage
earners
M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N um ber of
man-hours Average
earnings
worked
during
per hour
m onth
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth
1985
January............ ..................
February_______ ________
M arch__________ ______
A p ril___________________
M a y____________________
June____________________
12,784
13,106
14,659
22, 270
23,057
26,191
$669,199
704,190
862, 886
1,389, 583
1,599,937
1,904,454
1,062,118
1,102,864
1,359,043
2, 210, 893
2, 370, 925
2,842, 470
$0.630
.639
.635
.629
.675
.670
$3,163,946
1,962,087
2,709,912
2,562,404
2, 704,333
2,960, 270
J uly______________ ______
A ugust.......... .....................
September______________
October.................... ..........
N ovem ber______________
Decem ber_______________
25,788
36,491
45,592
59,091
63, 912
56, 780
1,890,209
2, 694,822
3,199, 785
4,193,129
4,077,395
3, 707,963
2,752,801
4,137,008
5,066,873
6,716, 798
6, 559, 665
5,980,118
.687
.651
.632
.624
.622
.620
3,079,618
4,459,551
5,801,445
7,181,155
6, 690,405
6,155,840>
1986
January_________________
46,895
3,990, 725
6,246,418
.639
5,584,611
29
State~Roads Projects
A m o n t h l y record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in
the construction and maintenance of State roads from January 1935
to January 1936, inclusive, is presented in table 21.
Table 21*— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
January 1935 to January 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees working on—
Total pay
roll
M onth
New roads
Mainte
nance
T otal
19S5
January.............................................................. ....................
February................................................. ...............................
M arch.......................................................................................
A pril.......................................................................................
M a y _ .................................................................. ..................
June....... ................................ .............................................—
23,537
17,940
18,391
24,193
27,924
30,823
120,283
122,209
108,149
135,484
135,541
138,253
143,820
140,149
126,540
159,677
163,465
169,076
$4,864,899
4,575,171
4,896,325
5,501,076
6,008,348
7,079, 793
July..........................................................................................
August............... ................... .................................................
September................................................................................
October....................................................................................
Novem ber........................................ .......................................
D ecem ber.................................................................................
35,826
40,130
40,431
40,390
32,487
27,046
148, 575
163,960
156,187
147,324
139,138
121,690
184,401
204,090
196,618
187,714
171,625
148, 736
8,232, 589
9,063,104
8,435, 225
8,150,299
7,156,025
6,139,581
1936
January....................................................................................
14,358
105,795
120,153
7,481,502
* Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from Public W orks Adm inistration funds.
O
@FedFRASER