Full text of Employment and Payrolls : February 1939
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Serial No. R. 914
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
_
EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief
FEBRUARY 1939
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1939
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of employment reports for February 1939:
Total nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for February 1939:
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
1
1
4
6
21
Tables
SUMMARY
TABLE 1. All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
February 1939
TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, February 1939
4
6
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT
TABLE 3.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, February 1939
TABLE 4.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, December 1938
through February 1939
TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes
of employment and pay rolls
TABLE 6.—Geographic divisions and States—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in January and
February 1939
TABLE 7.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in January and
February 1939
8
14
18
19
21
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
TABLE 8.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls in January and February 1039
TABLE 9.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
February 1939, by type of project
TABLE 10.—Housing projects of the U. S. Housing Authority—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, February 1939, by
geographic divisions
TABLE 11.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked, February 1939, by type of
project
—
(in)
22
22
26
27
IV
Page
12.—National Youth Administration work projects and Student
Aid financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of the
program
TABLE 13.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
January and February 1939
TABLE 14.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, February 1939, by type of project
TABLE 15.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
February 1939, by type of project
TABLE 16.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, February 1939, January 1939,
and February 1938
TABLE
28
29
29
30
31
Employment and Pay Rolls
SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR FEBRUARY 1939
Total Nonagricultural
Employment
EMPLOYMENT in nonagricultural industries increased by approximately 45,000 workers in February as compared with January and by
about 100,000 as compared with a year ago. These figures do not
include emergency emplojonent which increased approximately 67,000
in February, as follows: 57,000 on projects operated by the Works
Progress Administration, 7,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps,
and 3,000 on work projects of the National Youth Administration.
Industrial and Business Employment
Gains in employment in February were shown in manufacturing,
on electric and steam railroads, and in anthracite mines, hotels, and
brokerage and insurance offices. Reductions in employment, largely
due to seasonal influences, were shown in wholesale and retail trade,
metal mines, quarries, public utilities, laundries, dyeing and cleaning,
and private building construction.
Factory employment in February stood at 90.7 percent of the 192325 average, a gain of 1.3 percent, or 95,000 wage earners, since January. This represents an increase of 2.8 percent, or 200,000 wage
earners, since February of last year. The index of factory pay rolls,
at 85.4 percent of the 1923-25 average, was 2.6 percent higher
than in January and 11.1 percent above February 1938. The gains
in weekly wage disbursements from January to February amounted
to more than $4,100,000 a week, and from a year ago to more than
$16,000,000 a week. With the exception of December 1938, employment and pay rolls in manufacturing were at the highest levels since
the last two months of 1937. The typical seasonal gains from January to February of 1.8 percent in employment and 4.8 percent in
pay rolls are somewhat larger than the increases reported this year.
Gains in manufacturing employment were quite general. Of the 87
manufacturing industries surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, 61 showed increases in number of workers and 63 had larger
weekly pay rolls. The gains were about evenly divided between the
industries manufacturing durable and nondurable goods. The du-
(l)
rable-goods group, as a whole, showed increases of 1.2 percent in employment and 2.6 percent in pay rolls. The nondurable-goods group
reported a somewhat smaller than seasonal gain of 1.3 percent in
employment and a 2.5 percent increase in pay rolls.
Among the manufacturing industries which added large numbers of
workers to their rolls were women's clothing (17,000), men's clothing
(14,900), shoes (9,300), knit goods (6,800), foundries and machine
shops (6,300), stoves (4,600), agricultural implements (4,500), cotton
goods (4,400), cigars and cigarettes (4,300), and furniture (4,300).
Industries in which the increases ranged from 2,500 to 3,500 were
shipbuilding, electrical machinery, shirts and collars, millinery, men's
furnishings, electric- and steam-railroad car building, and iron and
steel. Employment in the manufacture of aircraft was at the highest
level since June 1937, and pay rolls reached an all-time high. In
shipbuilding, more men were employed than at any time since December 1937, and the machine-tool industry reported the sixth consecutive monthly gain, with the largest number of workers since April
of last year. The food manufacturing industries reported the principal declines in employment in February. There were relatively large
seasonal lay-offs in meat packing (6,900), canning (5,300), and beet
sugar (3,700). Woolen mills reported a contraseasonal drop in employment, reducing their forces by 2,600. The automobile industry
laid off about 6,900 workers between mid-January and mid-February,
but had about 97,000 more men than a year ago.
Retail stores, as a group, continued to lay off employees in small
numbers, as is usual in February. Their staffs were reduced by 0.9
percent, or 27,900. Stores selling general merchandise released about
15,500 employees, or 2.1 percent of their January forces. Apparel
stores laid off 1.9 percent of their workers, and jewelry stores 3.1
percent. There were small reductions by hardware and lumber and
building materials dealers, and automobile distributors. Employment in food stores increased 0.4 percent. Seasonal increases were
reported by firms handling farmers' supplies and by dealers in coal,
wood, and ice. Drug stores also took on more workers.
Employment in wholesale trade was somewhat lower than in
January, largely because of seasonal reductions by dealers in food
products, groceries, farm products, hardware, and paper products.
Apparel and dry goods firms and firms selling building materials and
metals increased their staffs considerably.
Anthracite mines reported an employment pick-up of 4.3 percent,
accompanied by a pay-roll increase of 18.9 percent. Employment in
bituminous coal mines showed little change, and pay rolls increased
3.9 percent. Metal mines lost 2.7 percent of their workers, which is
more than is usual at this time of year. The winter shut-down in
many quarries contributed to their loss of 2.4 percent in employment,
and oil wells cut their production forces by 0.6 percent. Slight employment recessions were reported by the public utilities, reflecting
the lay-off of construction crews during the winter months. Telephone and telegraph companies reduced their forces by 1.1 percent
and electric light and power companies by 0.5 percent. Electric
railroads reported a slight contraseasonal gain. Hotels added 2,300
employees to their staffs, while laundries and dyeing and cleaning
plants cut their employment seasonally, laying off a total of 2,300
workers. Brokerage houses increased their personnel by 0.7 percent
and employment in insurance companies showed little change.
Employment in private building construction declined 2.5 percent
between January and February, and pay rolls were 6.1 percent
smaller. This was the smallest February employment decline during
the last 7 years with the exception of February 1937. The reported
decreases in employment were in the northern groups of States which
were most affected by adverse weather conditions, namely, New
England, the East and West North Central groups, and the Mountain
States. Practically no change was reported in the Middle Atlantic,
the South Atlantic, and the East South Central States, while gains
were shown in the West South Central and the Pacific States. The
reports on which these figures are based do not cover public construction projects financed by the Works Progress Administration,
the Public Works Administration, and the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation, or by regular appropriations of the Federal, State, and
local governments.
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission indicated a gain between January and February of 1.3 percent, or 10,130
persons in the number employed by class I railroads. The total
number reported for February was 941,979. Corresponding payroll figures for February were not available when this report was
prepared. For January they were $148,350,333 as against $150,372,130 for December, a decrease of 1.3 percent.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by wage
earners in manufacturing industries were 36.9 in February, a gain of
1.3 percent since January. The corresponding average hourly earnings
were 64.9 cents, a decrease of 0.2 percent as compared with the
preceding month. Average weekly earnings increased 1.3 percent to
$24.06.
Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data
are available, 6 showed increases in average hours worked per week
and 6 showed gains in average hourly earnings. Average weekly
earnings were higher for 6 of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries
surveyed.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings in
February 1939 for all manufacturing industries combined, for selected
nonmanufacturing industries, and for class I railroads, with percentage
changes over the month and year intervals, are presented in table 1.
TABLE 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, February 1939
Industry
All manufacturing industries
combined 1
Class I steam railroads 2
Coal mining:
Anthracite «_
Bituminous *
Metalliferous mining .__
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining
Crude-petroleum producing....
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph..
Electric light and power
and manufactured gas_ _.
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance
Trade:
Wholesale
Retail
General merchandising
Other than general
merchandising
Hotels (year-round) *7
Laundries *
Dyeing and cleaning <„_.
Brokerage. _
Insurance
.
Building construction
Average weekly earnings
Pay roll
Employment
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Aver- change from—
Index change from— Index change from— age
in
FebruFebruary Janu- Febru- ary Janu- Febru- February Janu- Febru1939
1939
1939
ary
ary
ary
ary
ary
ary
1938
1939
1938
1939
1938
1939
(192S25=100)
90.7
+1.3
+2.8
(192325=100)
85.4
+2.6
+11.1
$24.06
+1.3
+8.0
(3)
52.7
(1929=
100)
52.2
88 5
60.9
+4.3
- 2
-2.7
-13.0
-7.3
-4.2
(1929=
100)
45.2
81.3
53.4
37.4
66.6
-2.4
-.6
—1.0
-10.3
73.3
-1.1
89.6
+12.7
+18.5
+18.9
+3.9
-3.5
-2.0
+9.8
-4.4
28.20
24.35
27.38
+14.0
+4.1
-.8
-.1
29.1
62.5
-3.7
+2.7
+1.7
-1.4
+2.7
-10.1
19.69
35.01
-3.2
91.7
-.3
+2.1
* 31.09
-.5
-3.2
96.4
+.6
-2.1
5 33.87
+3.3
+.8
+1.1
+.2
+5.5
+1.1
69.3
+.2
-2.6
69.9
-1.8
-.5
s 32.87
—2.0
87 9
81.5
—5
—.9
-2.8
— 1.1
74.6
68.4
— 1.1
— 1.8
-.9
0
»29. 54
4 21. 55
-.7
-1.0
+3.1
+2.0
+1.1
88.8
-2.1
81.0
-3.6
-.7
» 18.19
-1.6
—.7
65.8
82.8
78 6
63.2
-1.3
+.1
« 24. 34
* 15. 29
17.32
18.95
5
34.93
s 36.11
27.38
-.8
+1.4
+1.0
+2.5
79.6
92.6
92 8
92.1
(3)
+.9
—.6
-2.2
+.7
-2.5
— 1.4
-2.0
-3.1
-3.6
-4.9
+.9
-10.8
(3)
+3.2
-1.2
-3.9
-.7
-1.1
-6.1
-1.0
-.6
-3.1
-8.6
+.1
-11.9
+2.4
-.7
-1.8
-1.5
-1.2
-3.7
+.6
-3.8
-.7
-1.6
1
Revised indexes. Adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Indexes for earlier months and years
given
in August issue of this pamphlet.
2
Preliminary. Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
3 Not available.
< Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue
of this pamphlet.
8
Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable withfigurespublished in issues of this pamphlet dated
earlier than January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose
duties are mainly supervisory.
•7 Less than Me of 1 percent.
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
Public Employment
For the month ending February 15, 1939, there was virtually no
change in the number working on projects of the Public Works
Administration. However, the 217,000 men working in February
were 119,000 more than were at work a year ago. Pay rolls for February 1939 were $16,497,000.
During the month ending February 15 more than 3,300 men were
working on projects of the United States Housing Authority, and pay
5
rolls amounted to $353,000. These figures cover new construction
and demolition and pertain only to those projects started under the
United States Housing Authority; those formerly under the Public
Works Administration are shown with P. W. A. building construction
projects in this report.
The seasonal decline in employment and pay rolls on construction
projects financed from regular Federal appropriations continued
through the month ending February 15. During this period 172,000
men were working, a decrease of 10,000 from the preceding month.
Decreases in employment were reported for all types of projects with
the following exceptions: Electrification, heavy engineering, ship
construction, and miscellaneous projects. Pay rolls for the month
amounted to $16,859,000.
Nearly 2,600 men were working on construction projects financed
by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation during the month ending
February 15; pay rolls amounted to $299,000.
In the latter part of February, workers were added to the pay rolls
of projects operated by the Works Progress Administration, following
a succession of reductions which began in November. The number at
work during the week ending February 25 was 2,955,000, as compared
with 2,895,000 during the last week in January and 2,076,000 in a
comparable period in February 1938. Pay-roll disbursements of
$152,261,000 for the month of February as a whole were $3,472,000
less than in January and $49,070,000 more than in February a year
ago. There was a slight decline in the number of persons working on
Federal projects under The Works Program. On work ppojects of
the National Youth Administration there was a small increase. Data
on employment and pay rolls for Student Aid in February will not be
available until next month.
There was an increase of 7,000 employees in camps of the Civilian
Conservation Corps in February. Of the 337,000 in camps during
this month 301,000 were enrollees, 5,000 reserve officers, 300 nurses,
1,600 educational advisers, and 29,000 supervisory and technical
employees. For all groups of workers pay-roll disbursements in February were $14,789,000.
In the regular services of the Federal Government increases in
employment were reported in the executive, legislative, and military
services; decreases occurred in the judicial service. Of the 870,000
employees in the executive service in February 120,000 were working
in the District of Columbia and 750,000 outside the District. Forceaccount employees (employees who are on the Federal pay roll and
are engaged on construction projects) were 9 percent of the total number of employees in the executive service. Increases in employment
140494—39
2
were reported in the Navy Department and in the administrative
offices of the Works Progress Administration.
Employment on State-financed road projects was affected by adverse weather conditions. The 145,000 men working during the month
ending February 15 were 8,000 less than the number at work during
the preceding period. Of the total number at work 21,000 were engaged on new road construction and 124,000 on maintenance. Combined pay rolls for both types of road work were $10,113,000.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll data for February
1939 is given in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, February 1939 1
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
February
1939
Federal services:
Executive *
Legislative
Judicial
Military
Construction projects:
Financed by P. W. A.<
U. S. H. A. low-cost housing
Financed by R. F. C.»
Financed by regular Federal appropriations
_
Federal projects under The Works
Program
Projects operated b y W . P . A
National Youth Administration:
Work projects
_
Student A;d
Civilian Conservation Corps
January
1939
Percentage
change
Pay rolls
February
1939
January
1939
+0.8 $130,015,491 3 $131,405, 792
1,212,994
+1.0
1, 209, 738
537,664
547, 687
-.8
+.3
26, 609,474
26, 674,833
Percentage
change
870,767
5,284
2,210
340,852
s 864,162
5,234
2,228
339,680
216, 570
3,317
2,593
217,266
2,774
2,546
-.3
+19.6
+1.8
16,496,563
353,132
17,079,092
319,784
290,403
172, 264
181,976
-5.3
16,858,526
18, 704, 411
117,615
2,955.040
121,095
2,895, 214
-2.9
+2.1
+1.2
5, 684, 498
152,261,190
5, 509,841
155,733,123
+3.2
4,456, 772
4, 376,868
2, 244,093
14,709, 313
+1.8
""+."5
241, 623
337,191
368,735
330,144
+2.T
14, 789, 353
-1.1
+.3
-1.8
-.2
-3.4
+10.4
+2.9
-2.2
1 Includes data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds.
»Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to
the extent of 113,730 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $13,557,342 for February 1939, and 113,784
employees and pay-roll disbursements of $13,779,869 for January 1939.
3 Revised.
* Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936, and
1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 funds are included. These data
are not shown under The Work Program. Includes 30,709 wage earners and $2,823,998 pay roll for February
1939; 36,993 wage earners and $3,325,884 pay roll for January 1939, covering Public Works Administration
projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 178,346
wage earners and $12,719,680 pay roll for February 1939; 170,942 wage earners and $12,626,438 pay roll for
January 1939, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from funds provided by the Public
Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938.
s Includes 235 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $16,173 for February 1939; 256 employees and payroll disbursements of $18,321 for January 1939 on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
6 February data not available.
DETAILED TABLES FOR FEBRUARY 1939
Industrial and Business Employment
MONTHLY reports on employment and pay rolls are available for
the following groups: 87 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; and class I
steam railroads. The reports for the first two of these groups—
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The figures on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission and are
presented in the foregoing summary.
EMPLOYMENT, PAY ROLLS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in February
1939 are shown in table 3. Percentage changes from January 1939
and February 1938 are also given.
Employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
December 1938, January 1939, and February 1939, where available,
are presented in table 4. The December and January figures, where
given, may differ in some instances from those previously published,
because of revisions necessitated by the inclusion of late reports and
other causes.
The average weekly earnings shown in tables 3 and 4 are computed
by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As
all reporting establishments do not supply man-hour data, average
hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily
based on data supplied by a smaller number of reporting firms. The
size and composition of the reporting sample varies slightly from month
to month. Therefore the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown are not strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to
be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the general movements of earnings and hours over the period shown. The
changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are
based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from
February 1938 are computed from chain indexes based on the monthto-month percentage changes.
TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, February 1939
MANUFACTURING
f Inheres are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1938 Comparable series of indexes available upon request]
Employment
Industry
All manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery.
Blast furnaces, steel works, and Tolling mills...
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
._
_
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
_
_
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
_.Plumbers'supplies
_
_
Stamped and enameled ware..
_
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework
_._
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
_.Agricultural implements (including tractors) _.
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
-
Index
February i
1939
90.7
Average weekly
earnings l
Pay rolls
Average hours worked
per week i
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
January
1939
February
Janu- jFebru1939
ary
ary
1939 '1938
January
1939
+1.3
Percentage
change from—
Index
FebruFebruary {Janu- FebruFebru1939
ary
ary
ary
1939
1938
1938
February
1938
Average hourly earn
ingsi
Percentage
change from—
February
1939
Cents
64.9
January
1939
+1.3
85.4
+2.6
+11.1
$24. 06
+1.3
+8.0
+1.2
+1.3
78.4
93.2
+2.6
+2.5
+16.7
+6.2
26.86
21.47
+1.4
+1.2
+13.1
+3.4
36.4
37.3
+2.6
+1.5
+5.9
+4.8
+26.1
+30.7
+53.0
+26.6
26.68
28.50
26. 33
20.06
+1.0
+1.0
+4.7
+4.9
+23.3
+32.6
+38.4
+16.6
35.3
34.0
37.9
34.3
+1.7
+1.1
+5.1
+5.8
+.6
+3.0
+10.6
+33.1
+33.0
+25.8
+ 18.1
22.65
28.48
23.04
24.93
23.55
-1.2
-3.5
+6.8
+1.7
+4.5
+.2
+10.5
+30.9
+14.7
+22.1
+10.4
38.3
37.4
35.4
37.2
37.6
+.4
+2.6
-.3
+3.8
+2.3
+
+22.4
+2.3
+8.7
+1.7
-2.1
+14.3
+9.4
+4.4
36.3
37.4
37.0
36.8
+2.5
+7.2
+1.2
-1.7
+17.0
+8.4
+3.1
69.5
66.9
72.9
61.0
+1.4
+.5
()
0)
72.6
58.6
-0.2
-.1
87.2
91.5
91.8
65.7
+1.5
+.6
+1.1
+2.2
-1.3
+10.4
+8.5
82.9
48.6
83.2
73.6
131.3
+1.8
+.6
-1.8
+2.2
+1.5
+.1
+1.8
+15.9
+3.2
+6.9
79.7
83.3
94.7
55.4
1 *
74.4
47.0
78.9
65.0
129.0
68.2
75.0
64.0
83.7
+3.7
+14.7
+3.7
+1.2
+7.0
+5.9
+.4
-3.7
57.1
62.3
54.6
85.8
-1.0
-4.3
25.24
24.72
26.93
22.33
84.7
160. 6
+1.7
-1.4
+6.9
+16.3
83.9
157.5
+4.6
+23.3
+33.4
24.45
23.70
+2.9
+1.2
+15.5
+14.8
39.9
35.6
+1.2
+1.5
+15.3
+15.3
61.5
66.6
+1.8
93.4
121.5
+2.2
+9.0
-6.3
-20.5
91.8
131.9
+5.0
+17.0
+.8
-18.5
27.31
29.96
+2.8
+7.3
+7.5
+2.6
+2.6
+6.2
<)
+1.9
+.2
-7.0
119.6
+1.9
-7.5
28.93
+1.6
-.2
+2.1
-1.8
72.5
80.4
81.9
+.2
+1.2
133.6
37.6
37.5
35.7
-. 1
+24.6 + 15.9
+5.4 +5.0
-.2
()
+29.3
+40.5
+17.7
+12.1
+27.6
+17.7
+21.6
+11.8
February
1938
00
75.4
83.8
69.6
57.8
-.3
59.9
76.0
65.1
67.1
62.5
-1.6
-.2
-1.5
(*)
+1.7
-1.3
(»)
-2.5
+2.2
-2.5
-2.0
-1.1
+.7
-.2
-.3
-.4
+.3
-2.0
+.6
+1.6
+.5
+.1
-.3
()
+.2
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
_
Radios and phonographs.
_
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
__
Transportation equipment..
Aircraft
_
_.
Automobiles
_.
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
_.
Locomotives
Shipbuilding
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices...
_
Jewelry
Lighting equipment
_
Silverware and plated ware
_
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc,.
lumber and allied products. _
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills..
Stone, clay, and glass products
_
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
_
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery
83.6
90.6
83.4
125.1
102.5
69.9
125.4
96.0
940.9
104.5
34.3
17.5
106.6
93.6
145.3
98.8
83.6
92.3
88.8
65.3
71.9
62.6
78.8
+1.8
+4.1
+2.0
+3.4
-5.5
+3.5
-.4
+.2
+7.4
-1.6
+16.5
-6.1
+5.6
+1.5
+4.7
+.5
+.8
+5.6
-7.0
83.9
-.8
106.9
78.0
131.2
87.7
68.1
122.5
91.4
961.3
96.7
32.6
13.2
112.9
88.3
152.1
96.4
-6.4
-12.0
+21.4
+9.4
+7.4
+20.2
+6.6
+27.2
-8.1
-55.6
+5.9
+6.4
+7.7
+8.3
-5.1
53.3
49.1
66.6
48.0
54.8
89.5
37.7
80.0
+7.2
+20.3
+6.5
+3.2
-.1
-.7
+1.1 +3.3
+3.2 +5.3
+.5 +5.4
_(3)
+1.6
+.3 +5.7
- 1 . 7 +12.0
+2.6 +2.8
+4.9
-6.4
+£8
+1.8 +6.6
101.2
92.1
82.9
87.9
85.7
116.6
85.7
114.1
146.4
72.9
71.6
151.7
64.3
82.9
+3.8 +6.9
+1.4 +10.8
+2.5 +15.4
+1.1 +7.4
+2.2 +17.5
+2.9 +11.0
+2.1 - 7 . 3
+3.4 +5.7
+1.7 +5.2
+11.6 +8.4
+4.5 +6.9
+3.3 +3.1
+2.0 +8.2
- 1 . 8 +32.4
-1.1
+4.1
+8.7
+4.2
+9.3
-9.4
+5.3
+3.3
+5! 9
-3.9
+20.1
-13.8
+5.8
+4.4
+6.5
+3.7
88.0 +10.0
76.1
+5.8
82.7
+5.7
60.7
+7.1
67.0
-1.3
53.0
+1.9
66.0
+9.5
+1.9
43.5
41.1
58.0
35.6
48.9
93.3
26.5
72.3
-3.0
+2.1
-3.0
+4.0
+1.5
+3.5
+9.0
+3.8
+7.8
+.6
-5.2
+2S.4
+28.9
+19.7
+38.7
+18.0
+54.3
-11.7
-64.3
+7.2
+18.7
+21.4
+27.2
+4.4
+10.1
+47.1
+24.1
-2.2
+10.4
+17.3
+14.6
+4.6
+13.1
+26.3
+10.6
+15.6
-12.7
+9.3
27.77
30.50
26.69
29.75
21.15
25.32
23.45
30.69
31.18
30.80
26.00
24.22
31.65
25.45
26.77
26.42
22.25
22.82
25.81
25. 56
26.27
19.80
20.26
21.64
18.83
23.41
19.39
24.97
25.04
23.68
23.46
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products
Fabrics.Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Hats, fur-felt
Knit goods
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted[goods
See footnotes at end of table.
87.7
81.1
71.7
75.6
83.0
102.0
82.2
118.7
164.4
68.2
63.8
121.0
53.2
69.8
+8.5
+3.0
+5.3
+1.9
+4.3
+5.3
+3.1
+6.3
+4.6
+16.4
+9.5
+1.8
+5.0
-1.5
+12.6
+17.5
+47.8
+16.0
+26.2
+13.7
-4.6
+9.5
+7.5
+13.7
+18.7
+7.5
+17.5
+33.1
17.82
16.77
22.81
14.01
18.48
21.38
24.75
18.28
19.63
17.72
15.00
17.83
15.97
19.50
+2.3
+4.5
+2.2
+5.7
-4.2
+1.7
+3.8
-.7
-1.4
-2.3
+3.1
-8.2
+.3
+2.7
+1.7
+3.2
+9.1
+.2
+6.9
+3.9
-1.2
+.8
+6.1
+1 4
-3.0
+1.9
-1.3
+1.4
+1.5
+.6
+7.1
+11.6
+8.6
+7.2
+7.8
+5.7
+19.1
+11.5
+15.4
+10.8
+21.2
-4.0
-19.5
+2.7
+11.6
+12.9
+17.6
+9.5
+2.7
+23.2
+16.5
-1.6
+6.9
+10.8
+9.0
+3.1
+7.0
+12.9
+6.8
+11.2
-5.4
+2.6
+4.6 +5.3
+1.6 +6.1
+2.7 +24.2
+.8
+2.2
+2.4
+1.0
+2.8
+2.7
+4.3
+4.7
-1.5
+2.9
+.3
+7.5
+7.3
+2.4
+3.2
+3.5
+2.1
+4.7
+11.0
+4.7
+8.6
+.6
37.5
39.0
37.5
39.9
36.7
38.0
36.6
34.3
41.8
33.3
35.5
31.5
37.6
38.3
39.3
37.6
38.0
39.2
37.6
40.1
37.9
37.9
39.1
40.0
36.7
35.7
36.1
36.4
34.8
34.6
37.2
36.1
37.0
36.5
36.4
39.9
39.6
35.5
37.1
37.0
37.2
37.1
38.2
37.6
36.8
+2.4
+4.7
+2.5
+4.8
-2.8
-.6
+3.2
-1.9
+.3
-2.8
+12.4
+7.6
+7.7
+5.3
+14.5
+17.0
+14.2
(»)
+3.8
+20.4
-.9
+3.0
- 7 . 2 -17.9
+.3 +3.1
(2)
+2.8
+2.5 +14.2
+2.1 +23.1
+8.6 +11.9
+1.4 +7.7
+6.9 +19.4
+3.1 +14.9
-3.6
- 2a . 8
()
+2.2
+6.2 +11.3
+2.5 +7.8
-.3
+1.9
-.3
+1.6
+2.3
+2.0
+4.9
+3.0
+1.6
+2.6
+.6
+3.3
+2.9
+1.4
+3.8
+3.3
+4.8
+6.8
-.7
+3.0
-.5
- 2a . 0
()
+13.0
+7.2
+6.3
—5.5
+3.1
(a)
(a)
+33.9
+15.9
+8.4
+5.8
+4.8
+9.0
+7.6
+7.5
+17.2
+4.9
+11.6
+10.4
74.3
78.7
71.1
74.6
57.7
66.9
64.1
89.7
75.8
92.4
73.2
76.9
83.3
66.5
68.1
70.4
58.5
57.4
68.5
64.1
69.0
52.5
52.0
J
-.1
-.2
+.9
+2.5
+.5
-1.5
-.1
-1.3
+.3
+.2
-1.1
-.4
+.1
-.8
+.9
+.5
-1.7
+.1
+.8
+.3
-.9
-.2
54.2
52.3
64.8
53.9
68.6
72.0
68.8
62.9
-1.0
-1.2
48.9
46.1
62.5
38.4
47.0
53.8
71.4
50.2
53.2
47.2
40.7
46.6
42.2
53.0
4-. 8
-(3)
-.2
-.1
-.3
-.7
+.3
+.1
+.1
+.2
-1.3
-.3
-1.0
-.8
-.9
-1.3
-.6
+.1
+.9
+1.1
+2! 4
-6.2
+.6
-2.3
(a)
+7.6
+.7
-3.1
-2.0
-.8
(J)
-1.2
-4.9
-1.6
-5.7
+2.6
+1.9
+1.2
(*)
-3.4
+1.8
+6.6
(a)
+1.1
+.4
+3.7
-is
()
-4.4
-7.0
- 7
-3.4
-2.1
-4.9
-5.0
-2.1
-4.8
-2.9
-2.7
TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, February 1939—Continued
MANUFACTURING-Continued
Average weekly earnings
Average hours worked
per week
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
ary
1939
January
1939
January
1939
+18.6
+16.9
+20.8
+6.6
+.3
97.7
80.2
134.8
106.3
123.8
71.1
103.3
83.3
79.5
90.0
111.9
136.6
253.0
79.1
70.2
75.7
71.3
59.3
100.5
46.7
71.8
50.9
63.8
49.3
102.3
103.5
105.1
Pay rolls
Employment
Industry
Index
February
1939
Percentage
change from—
Index
January
1939
February
1938
120.2
104.9
172.9
102.3
137.6
77.7
119.6
96.6
97.1
86.8
110.9
141.5
223.7
90.5
72.2
77.3
75.7
67.8
94.3
39.8
85.3
62.4
61.4
62.5
105.9
99.7
106.3
+8.3
+8.5
+8.3
+2.5
+11.8
+15.7
+4.7
+4.0
+4.8
+.3
+.9
-3.7
+4.1
+8.5
101.3
105.3
-1.1
-3.3
-.3
90.0
106.2
112.1
116.4
111.1
-.6
-2.6
-4.4
-2.0
119.8
132.1
116.0
February
Febru- 1939
ary
1938
February
JanuFebru- 1939
ary
ary
1939
1938
Average hourly earnings
February
Febru- 1939
ary
1938
Percentage
change from—
January
1939
February
1938
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textiles and their products—Continued.
Wearing apparel
_
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's .
Cnrsp.ts fvnd allied gftrrnent^
Men's furnishings.
Millinery
Shirts and collars _ _
Leather and its manufactures..
Boots and shoes
Leather.
.
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages. __
.
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
._
.
Slaughtering and meat packing . _
Sugar, beet .
.
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job.
Newspapers and periodicals
Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum
refining. _
>.
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
+.9
-2.5
+.8
+.2
-2.8
-8.0
-.8
-2.0
-.2
-5.6
-53.4
+.7
+5.4
+1.4
+6.1
+.2
+1.7
+.8
+.5
+.2
+.5
-.5
+9.1
+3.3
+ 1.2
+14.4
-2.1
-.3
-.6
-7.6
-11.7
-1.3
-.6
-.7
-2.9
+12.9
+.5
-1.8
-4.7
-.7
-.2
+5.3 $19.07 +9.6
+8.1 20.17 +7.8
+.3 20.81 +11.5
+7.4 +12.8 17.45 +4.8
+22.6 +14.2
14.22 +9.6
+28.5
+2.9 23.35 +11.0
+11.0 +18.6
13.49
+6.0
+7.5
+8.2 20.34 +3.4
+9.4
+3.9 19.31 +4.4
+23.4 24.67
+.9
+1.9
24.80
-2.9
-2.0
-.4
-.5
25.40
+.4
+.4 -3.1 31.47
+.2
-1.8
-4.9 22.52 +1.0
-.4
-4.3 17.75 +8.2
-4.6
-.4
-9.5
-36.2
-3.9
+2.4
-4.0
+3.9
+.1
+4.0
+2.4
-3.9
+1.2
+.1
-1.7
+.7
+.9
+.8
-2.7
-.3
-4.2
+37.1
-4.6
-2.9
-5.3
-2.0
-.1
+2.3
+1.6
-3.5
29.58
37.30
-2.8
-.2
+1.3
-4.4
+4.7
28.47
35.18
25.77
-.1
-1.1
+.2
+4.9
+1.0
+2.1
+.7
+2.3
+2.0
+6.0
+4.9
37.5
36.0
-3.0
+.5
-1.9
-1.3
80.2
99.6
+.2
+.2
+2.0
+2.5
38.2
36.6
38.8
-.1
-.4
+.3
74.2
96.7
66.1
+.1
""-. 3
-.7
-.4
34.5
33-7
34.4
38.6
36.6
35.3
34.8
39.1
39.1
39.3
39.8
41.6
37.0
45.7
35.6
37.3
40.6
45.4
39.5
40.9
35.0
32.0
32.4
32.0
87.9
39.2
39.6
18.15
24.57
29.52
27.00
30.07
22.67
15.20
16.37
14.91
27.89
21.24
24.16
-4.0
+1.6
-4.3
+8.8
-1.5
-3.2
-9.3
-1.9
+1.1
+12.2
+3.7
Cents
53.9
59.5
55.1
45.5
35.9
65.3
39.6
52.0
49.5
63.0
63.2
61.5
85.8
49.2
51.5
48.4
60.0
64.4
68.6
77.1
64.8
47.4
50.7
47.0
76.8
54.7
61.1
+4.9
+7.1
+4.1
+8.3
+6.9
+3.4
+8.8
+4.6
+2.3
+7.8
+.1
-.2
-2.6
+3.0
+8.3
+2.1
-3.5
+2.3
-1.4
-2.9
-1.3
-1.9
-4.7
-1.4
+1.3
+5.2
+3.3
+6.9
+6.4
+7.3
+5.2
+6.2
+9.7
+8.8
+6.1
+2.6
+2.9
+1.3
-.5
+.1
+.2
+.2
+2.0
-2. 3
+.8
-4.2
+26.2
-3.7
-.5
-5.6
+.3
+.1
+11.3
+3.0
+8.1
+11.2
-.7
+6.9
+8.0
+8.1
-1.1
-5.0
+1.7
+1.2
+1.3
-6.2
-1.0
-.7
+1.3
-7.6
(2)
-7.5
-2.8
+1.5
+2.8
-.8
-.7
+5.1
-4.1
-2.9
+1.1
-4.2
+5.1
-.4
-.1
- 2_ _ . 4i
+.6
+.1
-.6
+7.3
+.8
-.5
-.2
-.2
+14.6
-1.0
-1.7
+.2
-2.0
-.1
0
-.6
+.1
+1.6
+2.6
+2.4
+6.8
+.3
+2.7
+3.6
-.7
-1.0
+6.3
+2.8
+1.7
-1.0
-1.4
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives.
Fertilizers
__
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods other..
116.1
85.3
107.6
80.2
98.2
112.5
319.1
89.7
81.3
60.7
65.9
131.9
+.6
-10.0
-(3)
-1.5
-1.0
-28.9
-2.1
-2.6
-5.7
+4.0
+.6+.3
+1.9 +3.8
+1.1
+.5
+.2 +9.7
+3.9 +8.0
-1.8
+4.4
+1.6 +17.2
129.6
69.4
117.9
91.9
77.2
115.7
314.4
91.2
82.8
59.8
72.6
127.9
+1.4
-12.1
-.5
+4.9
+2.0
+2.1
-30.6
+2.1
+00 -11.3
+2.2 +7.0
+1.6 +18.3
+2.3
~(3)
- 1 . 3 +40.6
+5.2 +36.4
- 4 . 8 +48.0
+2.2 +30.8
31.04
12.57
24.73
31.52
14.63
27.84
24.15
28.87
27.28
22.05
31.77
22.88
+.8
-2.3
-.5
+3.7
-3.8
+1.6
-.3
-1.1
-1.6
+1.2
-3.1
+.6
+6.0
-2.4
+5.4
+5.6
-5.6
+6.8
+14.0
+1.8
+28.1
+26.3
+41.9
+11.5
39.6
41.7
39.2
39.1
34.6
40.0
37.7
39.1
36.0
37.7
33.3
38.5
+.9
-3.3
_(3)
+3.6
-1.3
+6.0
+1.5
+4.6
-19.6
-7.6
78.4
29.7
59.6
80.6
42.3
69.7
64.0
74.0
76.0
58.4
95.5
59.9
~( 3 )
+1.9
-.5
3
+(
- 2 .)7
-.4
+2.2
-.8
+.1
-.1
+3.5
-2.9
+1.5
+6.5
+16.0
30.9
27.4
39.9
35.4
38.7
+14.4
+4.2
+15.1
+17.0
+3.0
-3.3
38.9
39.4
-.2
+2.5
+2.4
-.8
82.6
86.2
45.4
-2.1
+.1
71.5
i
-.2
-.7
-.3
-.7
-.4
-.8
71.1
54.9
48.3
56.8
32.1
41.3
48.6
-.1
-.3
-.3
-.4
-.3
(a)
+27.7
+39.7
+13.1
+.5
-1.1
-1.2
-2.1
-.5
-.8
-.1
+20.9
+1.3
+.2
+2.5
+.5
-1.7
+.2
-1.1
+1.7
-.3
NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Coal mining: 4
Anthracite 4
_
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 5
Electric light and power and manufactured gas5.
Electric-railroad5 and motorbus operation and
maintenance
_._
__
Trade:
Wholesales
5
Retail
General merchandising *
Other than general
merchandising5
4 6(l
Hotels (year-round)
4
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning4
Brokerage55
Insurance
Building construction
52.2
88.5
60.9
37.4
66.6
+4.3
-2.7
-2.4
-13.0
-7.3
-4.2
-1.0
-10.3
45.2
81.3
53.4
29.1
62.5
+18.9
+3.9
+2.7
-10.1
73.3
89.6
-1.1
91.7
96.4
-.3
-.5
-3.2
-3.2
+2.1
+.6
-2.1
31.09
33.87
69.3
+.2
-2.6
69.9
-1.8
-.5
32.87
-.5
-.9
74.6
68.4
81.0
65.8
82.8
78.6
63.2
7
-1.1
-1.8
-3.6
-1.3
-.9
0
-.7
+.7
-2.8
-1.1
+- 1(3.)4
-2.0
-3.1
-3.6
-4.9
-2.5
-10.8
29.54
21. 55
18.19
24.34
15.29
17.32
18.95
34.93
36.11
27.38
87.9
81.5
88.8
79.6
92.6
92.8
92.1
(7)
(7)
(7)
-.2
-.6
-2.1
-.5
+.9
-.6
-2.2
+.9
()
(7)
(7)
-3.5
-3.7
-2.0
+9.8
-4.4
+1.7
+.1
+3.2
-1.0
-.7
-3.1
-8.6
-1.2
-3.9
-1.1
-6.1
-.6
+.1
-11.9
$28. 20 +14.0
24.35
+4.1
-.8
27.38
-1.4
19.69
35.01
+3.3
+12.7
+18.5
-.1
+2.7
+.2
+.8 +5.5
+1.1
+1.1
-2.0
+311
-.7
+2.0
-1.0
+1.1
-.7
-1.6
-.8
+1.4
+2.4 +1.0
-.7
+2.5
-1.8
+.6
-1.5
-1.2
-3.7
-3.8
-.7
-1.6
41.5
42.7
39.2
43.8
46.9
42.2
39.7
829.1
-1.1
-1.7
-2.2
-.4
+.9
+.2
-1.8
(")
(7)
-4.3
-2.2
-.6
-2.1
+.2
+.6
(")
-5.9
Cents
92.0
89.2
69.0
55.5
88.1
-.8
-.3
+.2
+.7
+.2
+.5
-1.2
+1.3
-.8
-.3
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
94.3
+.6
+.6
+2.2
+3.9
+3.0
+1.9
+1.9
+1.7
+2.3
+2.2
-.4
+2.9
+2.2
+2.1
-1.9
+4.2
1
3
Average weekly earnings are computed fromfiguresfurnished by all reporting estab4 Less than 1/10 of 1 percent.
lishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in
by a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.
*" Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
Thefiguresare not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the
size and composition of the reporting sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation
industries now relate to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and prior officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
issues of the pamphlet. The two industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad re• Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be compair shops. The averages for the durable-goods group have also been affected by this puted.
7
Not available.
exclusion.
* Not yet computed.
TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours* and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes ]published in pamphlets prior to August 193*I. Cornparable series of indexes available upon request]
Employment index
Industry
All manufacturing ._
Durable goods _ _
Nondurable goods
Average weekly
earnings1
Pay-roll index
Average hours worked
per week 1
Average hourly earnings »
Febru- Janu- Decem- Febru- Janu- Decem- Febru- Janu- Decem- Febru- Janu- Decem- Febru- Janu- Decemary
ary
ary
ber
ary
ary
ber
ber
ber
ary
ber
ary
ary
ary
ary
1939
1939
1939
1938
1939
1938
1939
1938
1939
1939
1939
1938
1938
1939
1939
90.7
89.5
91.2
85.4
83.2
86.5
$24.06
$23.82
$24.31
36.9
36.3
37.1
Cents
64.9
Cents
65.1
Cents
64.8
82.6
98.4
81.6
97.1
83.1
98.8
78.4
93.2
76.4
90.9
80.4
93.4
26.86
21.47
26.60
21.27
27.84
21.53
36.4
87.3
35.8
36.8
36.8
87.4
72.6
58.6
72.9
58.5
72.6
58.4
87.4
79.7
77.7
80.8
26.68
26.37
26.91
35.3
34.8
35.6
75.4
75.5
75.7
83.2
94.6
55.7
28.50
26.33
20.06
28.18
25.11
19.15
28.49
26.36
20.01
34.0
37.9
34.3
33.7
36.1
32.5
33.8
38.0
34.0
83.8
69.6
57.8
83.5
69.7
58.3
84.2
69.6
58.4
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel. ..
._
Hardware
__
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam
fittings
_. . . .
_ _
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
. . __ _
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools, files and saws)
Wirework
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculatingmachines
_
87.2
85.9
91.5
91.8
65.7
90.9
90.8
65.8
91.1
91.7
66.1
83.3
94.7
55.4
82.1
89.4
52.9
82.9
48.6
83.2
73.6
131.3
81.4
48.3
84.7
72 0
129.4
83.0
49.6
86.3
72.6
134.3
74.4
47.0
78.9
65 0
129.0
73.9
45.6
81.8
60.8
126.9
79.1
49.4
90.1
61.1
136.0
22.65
28.48
23.04
24.93
23.55
22.95
27.74
23.42
24.00
23.69
24.06
29.25
25.31
23.83
24.33
38.3
37.4
35.4
37.2
37.6
38.1
36.3
35.5
36.0
37.0
39.8
38.4
38.0
35.7
38.5
59.9
76.0
65.1
67.1
62.5
60.9
76.3
66.0
66.7
63.9
61.0
76.2
66.7
66. 8
62.9
68.2
75.0
64.0
83.7
65.8
65.4
61.7
82.8
67.9
74.7
61 9
84.1
57.1
62.3
54.6
85.8
53.8
50.0
51.8
86.6
56.4
61.4
53.2
87.9
25.24
24.72
26 93
22.33
24.71
22.87
26.59
22.78
25.05
24.30
27.18
22.76
36.3
37.4
37.0
36.8
35.4
35.0
36.5
37.4
35.9
36.9
37.4
37.7
69.5
66.9
72.9
61.0
69.7
65.9
73.1
61.3
69.9
67.2
72.7
60.8
84.7
160.6
83 4
162.8
83.9
171.6
83.9
157.5
80.2
157.8
82.0
185.9
24.45
23.70
23 75
23.40
24.19
26.16
39.9
35.6
39.3
35.0
39.6
38.6
61.5
66.6
60.4
67.0
61.2
67.8
93 4
121.5
91 4
111.4
91 8
105.5
91 8
131.9
87 4
112.7
89 4
114.4
27 31
29.96
26 55
27.92
27.00
29.85
37.6
37.5
36 6
35. 3
37 4
37.4
72.5
80.4
72.4
79.4
72.1
80.3
133.6
133.3
134.6
119.6
117.4
118.8
28.93
28.47
28.51
35.T
35.0
35.1
81.9
82.2
82.1
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
_.
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation equipment
Aircraft
_._
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad-Locomotives
Shipbuilding
Nonferrous metals and their products
.
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices
_
Jewelry
Lighting equipment—
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc
Lumber and allied products
Furniture
_
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass.._
Marble, granite, slate and other products
Pottery
Nondurable
82.1
83.9
83.9
80.6
82.7
27.77
27.17
27. 26
37.5
36.6
3T.1
74.3
74.4
73.6
90.6
83.4
125.1
102.5
69.9
125.4
96.0
940.9
104.5
34.3
17.5
106.6
93.6
145.3
98.8
87.1
81.8
121.1
108.4
67. 5
125.9
95.8
876.4
106.2
29.4
18.6
101.0
92.2
138.7
98.3
85.3
81.7
119.9
118.0
66.9
127.9
96.1
845.1
106.8
29.8
17.4
100.5
95.0
140.4
100.2
106.9
78.0
131.2
87.7
68.1
122.5
91.4
961.3
96.7
32.6
13.2
112.9
88.3
152.1
96.4
98.4
74.8
120.0
96.8
64.6
118.6
91.9
907.8
100.6
27.1
15.3
106.7
84.6
142.8
93.0
98.0
75.9
120.0
107.6
66.9
130.3
97.9
879.6
107.4
28.2
13.7
107.3
90.3
144.0
98.9
30.50
26.69
29.75
21.15
25. 32
23.45
30.69
31.18
30.80
26.00
24.22
31.65
25.45
26.77
26.42
29.21
26.11
28.17
22.15
24.89
22.60
31.17
31.61
31.37
25.21
26.38
31.60
24.84
26.35
25.79
29.73
26.48
28.44
22.62
25.98
24. 46
32.72
31.72
33.22
25. 96
25.34
31.87
25.81
26.33
26.92
39.0
37.5
39.9
36.7
38.0
36.6
34.3
41.8
33.3
35.5
31.5
37.6
39.3
39.3
37.6
37.2
36.6
38.1
37.7
38.1
35.4
84.8
41.7
34.0
34.5
33.9
37.5
37.0
38.3
36.9
37.7
37.2
38.4
38.9
41.0
38.1
36.4
42.0
36.0
35.5
32.9
37.5
38.6
38.5
38.2
78.7
71.1
74.6
57.7
C6.9
64.1
89.7
75.8
92.4
73.2
76.9
83.3
66.5
68.1
70.4
78.8
71.3
74.0
59.1
65.4
63.7
89.9
76.8
92.3
73.0
77.7
83.7
66.8
68.7
70.1
79.3
71.2
74.0
58.2
63.5
64.1
89.8
76.5
92.4
73.0
77.0
84.7
66.7
68.3
70.7
83.6
92.3
88.8
65.3
71.9
62.6
78.8
82.9
87.4
89.8
63.3
72.0
61.9
76.3
82.9
96.9
94.2
66.9
72.5
64.1
79.8
88.0
76.1
82.7
60.7
67.0
53.0
66.0
80.0
71.9
78.2
56.6
67.9
52.0
60.3
83.2
84.9
84.7
68.3
68.2
56.1
67.8
22.25
22.82
25.81
25.56
26.27
19.80
20.26
20.41
22.77
24.47
24.58
26.72
19.81
19.13
21.23
24.11
25.26
28.07
26. 58
20.14
20.60
38.0
39.2
37.6
40.1
37.9
37.9
39.1
35.0
38. 7
35.2
38.8
38.6
37.1
36.9
36.9
40.8
36.6
43.3
38.4
38.0
39.5
58.5
57.4
68.5
64.1
69.0
52.5
52.0
58.2
58.1
69.3
63.7
69.3
54.1
52.1
57.6
59.2
69.1
65.0
69.2
53.2
52.6
53.3
49.1
66.6
48.0
54.8
89.5
37.7
80.0
53.0
49.1
66.4
48.9
53.4
89.6
36.6
78.6
54.0
50.9
70.5
51.3
62.6
93.0
42.3
79.9
43.5
41.1
58.0
35.6
48.9
93.3
26.5
72.3
42.7
42.4
56.8
36.7
47.0
92.0
25.6
66.3
44.6
44.9
63.5
39.4
57.2
99.4
31.4
75.5
21.64
18.83
23.41
19.39
24.97
25.04
23.68
23.46
21.33
19.86
22.98
19.65
24.54
24.72
23.62
21.83
21.71
19.27
24.03
20.06
25.50
25.76
25.08
23.56
40.0
36.7
35.7
36.1
36.4
34.8
34.6
37.2
39.0
36.7
35.1
36.5
35.7
34.0
34.1
35.5
40.2
36.7
86.5
37.2
37.1
35.7
35.9
38.0
54.2
52.3
64.8
53.9
68.6
72.0
68.8
62.9
54.8
55.0
65.1
54.0
69.0
72.8
69.8
62.8
54.1
53.3
65.1
53.7
68.8
72.3
69.8
61.9
101.2
92.1
82.9
87.9
85.7
116.6
85.7
114.1
146.4
72.9
71.6
151.7
64.3
82.9
87.5
90.8
80.8
86.9
83.9
113.3
83.9
110.4
143.9
65.3
68.5
146.8
63.0
84.4
98.6
91.8
81.5
87.1
84.6
112.1
82.5
115.1
145.7
79.0
71.2
160.2
63.2
85.3
87.7
81.1
71.7
75.6
83.0
102.0
82.2
118.7
164.4
68.2
63.8
121.0
53.2
69.8
80.8
78.7
68.1
74.2
79.5
96.9
79.7
111.7
157.4
58.6
58.3
118.9
50.7
70.9
83.3
81.1
71.1
75.7
81.6
97.2
75.3
119.5
164.1
73.3
62.4
126.8
51.8
72.8
17.32
16.77
22.81
14.01
18.48
21.38
24.75
18.28
19.63
17.72
15.00
17.83
15.97
19.50
16.72
16.52
22.38
13.85
18.07
20.85
24.58
17.83
19.14
16.89
14.39
18.03
15. 45
19.48
17.00
16.82
23.03
14.13
18.39
20.87
23.74
18.24
19.62
17.87
14.75
17.93
15. 79
19.80
36.1
37.0
36.5
36.4
39.9
39.6
35.5
37.1
37.0
37.2
37.1
38.2
37.6
36.8
34.9
36.4
35.7
36.2
38.8
38.3
34.5
35.6
35.7
35.4
34.5
38.3
36.4
37.0
35.7
37.1
36.8
36.8
39.0
39.0
34.0
37.0
37.1
38.0
35.2
38.1
37.2
37.8
48.9
46.1
62.5
38.4
47.0
53.8
71.4
50.2
53.2
47.2
40.7
46.6
42.2
53.0
48.4
46.2
62.7
38.3
47.5
54.1
71.4
50.9
53.8
47.5
41.8
46.8
42.0
52.6
48.9
46.1
62.6
38.4
47.5
53.2
69.8
50.4
53.3
46.7
41.9
46.9
42.3
52.4
goods
Textiles and their products..
_
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods...
Cotton small wares
_
Dyeing and finishing textiles.
Hats, fur-felt_
_._
Knit goods..
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
_
Woolen and worsted goods
Bee footnotes at end of table.
83.6
TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacluring
Industries—Continued
JVt AN U FACT U RING—Continued
Employment index
Payroll index
February
1939
January
1939
January
1939
120.2
104.9
172.9
102.3
137.6
77.7
119.6
96.6
97.1
86.8
110.9
141.5
223.7
90.5
72.2
77.3
75.7
67.8
94.3
39.8
85.3
62.4
61.4
62.5
105.9
99.7
106.3
111.0
96.7
159.6
99.8
123.0
67.1
114.3
92.9
92.7
86.0
113.7
140.3
223.2
93.1
78.6
78.0
77.2
67.9
99.8
85.4
84.7
59.2
60.5
59.0
105.7
98.1
105.5
112.2
97.1
.160.6
99.5
148.8
57.8
116.4
88.6
87.6
85.3
120.1
143.5
223.3
95.1
85.3
91.3
78.1
68.7
102.4
230.7
84.4
65 2
62.1
65.6
108.0
103.9
106.3
97.7
80.2
134.8
106.3
123.8
71.1
103.3
83.3
79.5
90.0
111.9
136.6
253.0
79.1
70.2
75.7
71.3
59.3
100.5
46.7
71.8
50.9
63.8
49.3
102.3
103.5
105.1
82.4
68.6
111.7
99.0
101.0
55.3
93.1
77.5
72.6
88.3
115.2
136.1
252.1
80.5
70.5
7c. 7
74.7
59.6
111.1
73.2
74.7
49.7
66.5
47.5
102.2
99.5
102.6
84.6
68.3
114.8
103.1
142.5
43. 2
105.3
70.0
63.3
87.6
120.9
138.2
257.2
80 4
77.4
91.5
73.0
60 0
112.5
221.9
72.9
59 6
73.0
57.9
107.8
109.4
103 4
101.3
105.3
102.5
104. 7
103.7
108.0
90.0
106.2
93.6
104.9
112.1
116.4
111.1
116.1
111.9
117.1
110.6
115.5
112.7
118.1
111.4
116.9
119.8
132.1
116.0
129.6
119.7
134.5
115.2
127.9
Average weekly earnings
Average hours worked
per week
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Decem Februber
ary
1938
1939
Decem- February
ber
1939
1938
January
1939
Decem- Februber
ary
1938
1939
$19. 07
20.17
20.81
17.45
14.22
23 35
13.49
20.34
19.31
24.67
24.80
25.40
31.47
22 52
17.75
18.15
24.57
29 52
27.00
30.07
22.67
15 20
16.37
14.91
27.89
21.24
24 16
$17. 38
18.52
IS. 70
16.54
13.03
21 16
12.61
19.71
18.54
24 76
24.93
25.47
31.38
22 37
16.47
18.02
25.18
29 46
28.05
22.08
23.77
15 59
17.29
15.14
27.80
20.68
23.82
$17.61
18.39
18.88
17.35
15.08
19.12
14.00
18.62
17.11
24 77
24.75
25.26
32.02
22 10
16.55
18.65
24.42
29 21
27.69
24.75
23.29
16 92
18.40
16.56
28.61
21.49
23 85
34.5
33.7
34.4
38.6
36.6
35.3
34.8
89.1
39.1
39.3
89.8
41.6
37.0
45 7
35.6
37.3
40.6
45.4
39.5
40.9
35.0
32 0
32.4
32.0
37.9
39.2
39.6
32 3
31.2
32.7
36.2
33.6
31.7
32.6
88.1
37.9
39 0
40.0
41.6
36.9
45 5
34.7
37.4
41.6
45.3
41.3
33.5
36.3
82 2
34.3
31.9
37.9
38.4
38.7
96.9
113.2
29.58
37.30
30.37
36.85
31.10
38.56
37.5
36.0
120 1
134.1
115.8
129.8
28 47
35.18
25.77
31.04
28 65
35.75
25.67
30.63
28 52
35 30
25.66
30.72
38 2
36.6
38.8
39.6
Janu- Decem- February
ber
ary
1939
1939
1938
Janu- Decemary
ber
1939
1933
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textiles and their products—Continued.
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings_
Millinery
Shirts and collars.. .
Leather and its manufactures..
Boots and shoes.
Leather
Food and kindred products
Baking _
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
_._
Flour
Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packing .
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
_ _
.. .
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
Paper and printing . _
Boxes paper
Paper and pulp
_. __
__ _
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
, _ ,
Newspapers and periodicals
Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
_~.
35 9
36.3
35.9
38.6
40.4
39 0
Cents
53 9
59.5
55.1
45.5
35.9
65 3
39.6
52.0
49.5
63 0
63.2
61.5
85.8
49 2
51.5
48.4
60.0
64 4
68.6
77.1
64.8
47 4
50.7
47.0
76.8
54.7
61 1
Cents
52.5
58.6
52.2
45.7
36.3
64 5
39.4
52.5
49.8
63 9
62.8
61.7
85.8
49.8
48.6
48.2
60.1
63 9
68.3
65.6
65.4
48 1
50.6
47.7
76.5
54.4
61.6
Cents
52 1
58.5
51 8
46.2
37 6
63 9
39.5
52.6
49 9
63 1
61.9
61.5
86.1
48 4
48.1
46.5
59.7
63 8
67.9
53.0
61.0
46 9
50.9
46.4
77.1
53.7
61.3
38.6
36.0
39.3
36.8
80.2
99.6
79.9
98.2
79.8
100.7
38 3
36.6
38.9
39.3
88 2
36.4
38.9
39.4
74 2
96.7
66.1
78.4
74 4
98.0
65.8
78.0
74 8
97.4
65.8
78.1
33.1
31.6
33.5
37.3
35.8
28.7
35.5
36.2
35.6
39 2
40.4
41.4
37.6
45 8
35.4
40.4
40.8
45 2
41.0
47.0
no o
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes...
_.
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other
.
85.3
107. 6
80.2
98.2
112.5
319.1
89.7
81.8
60.7
65.9
131.9
94.7
107.6
81.4
94.4
111.8
313.2
88.8
81.1
58.4
67.1
129.8
113.9
109.2
82.7
82.3
112.4
311.3
88.6
83.6
65.1
67.2
134.7
69.4
117.9
91.9
77.2
115.7
314.4
91. 2
82.8
59.8
72.6
127.9
78.9
118. 5
89.9
77.2
113.1
309.5
91.2
83.9
56.8
76.2
125.1
95.5
120.2
95.1
70.0
115.4
302. 4
89.7
89.0
65.9
79.0
133.7
12.57
24.73
31.52
14. 63
27.84
24.15
28.87
27.28
22. 05
31. 77
22.88
12.61
24. 93
30. 63
15.05
27. 34
24.22
29. 33
27.72
21.78
32. 59
22. 75
12.76
24.80
31.64
15. 75
27.80
23.80
28.80
28.40
23.17
33. 76
23.44
41.7
39.2
39.1
34.6
40.0
37.7
39.1
36.0
37.7
33.3
38.5
43.1
39.1
37.7
35.9
39.2
38.0
39.1
35.9
36.5
34.2
37.9
43.4
39.6
39.5
35. 5
39.9
37.1
38.8
37.4
38.8
35.2
39. 4
29.7
59.6
80.6
42.3
69. 7
64.0
74.0
76.0
58.4
95.5
59.9
28.8
60.3
81.3
41.9
69.9
63.7
75.2
76.8
59.7
95.7
60.5
$28. 20 $24. 74 $26. 99
24. 35 23. 29 24.00
27. 3S 27. 69 27.16
19. 69 19.76
20.42
35. 01 33. 60 33. 89
30.9
27.4
39.9
35. 4
38.7
27.0
26.5
40.4
36.1
37.6
29.3
27.4
39.8
37.2
38.7
Cents
92.0
89.2
69.0
55.5
88.1
Cents
92.8
88.4
68.9
54.9
87.5
29.0
59.3
80.1
44.4
69.9
64.1
74.5
76.4
59.7
96.1
fiO. 1
N ON MANUFACTURING
JIndexes are based on 12-month average, 1929 = 1001
Coal mining:
Anthracite*—_
Bituminous 2
Metalliferous mining
....
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 3
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas 3
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance*
Trade:
Wholesale*
Retail 3
_...
General merchandising 3
Other than general
merchandising 3
3 3
Hotels (year-round)
*
Laundries 2
Dyeing and3 5cleaning J
__
__
_.
Brokerage
Insurance 3 5
Building construction 5
'2.2
8^.5
GO. 9
37.4
66. 6
50.0
88.7
62. 6
38.3
67.0
51.3
89.3
62.3
41.4
67.8
45.2
81. 3
S3. 4
29. 1
02.5
3S.0
78.2
55. 3
30. 2
60.9
42.5
80.9
54.1
33.7
62.5
73.3
74.1
74.3
91.7
92.0
92. :. 31.09
30.90
30. 85
38.9
39.0
39.1
82.6
82.3
81.7
S9.6
90.0
91.4
96.4
95.9
98.2
33.37
33. 56
39.4
38.6
40.0
86.2
86.6
84.1
09.3
69.2
69.4
09.9
71.1
69.7
32.87
33. 53
32.86
45.4
46.3
45.8
71.5
71.5
70.9
87.9
81.5
88.8
79.6
92.6
92.8
92.1
88.3
82.2
90.7
80.0
91.8
93.3
94.2
90.0
98.1
144.1
86.0
92.0
93.4
97.9
29. 54
21.55
18. 19
24. 34
15. 29
17.32
18. 95
34. 93
36.11
27. 38
29.72
21.71
18.38
24. 46
14. 95
17.41
19. 12
35. 93
36.49
28.18
29.38
20.10
16. 95
23.96
15.15
17.43
19.23
41.5
42.7
39.2
43.8
46.9
42.2
39.7
41.6
42.9
40.0
43.8
46.4
42.1
40.4
41.6
42.7
40.9
43.5
46.2
42.2
40.7
71.1
54.9
48.3
56.8
32.1
41.3
48.6
71.1
55.1
48.4
57.1
31.7
41.4
48.7
70.7
52.7
44.4
56.3
32.5
41.4
48.7
+•2
(-0
75.5
(.9.7
84.0
66.7
80.2
79.6
65.8
—. 5
-.3
-14.0
75.7
79.2
122.9
70.1
81.1
80.0
68.3
+.4
+.4
74.6
68.4
81.0
65.8
82.8
78.6
63.2
—.7
-1.1
-6. 1
36. 70
28.97
(6)
(«)
30.3
(6)
(6)
31.7
94.3
(6)
93.2
+.7
-2.5
-11.5
-6.8
i Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments, as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours.
The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the
size and composition of the reporting sample. Hours and earnings for all manufacturing
industries now relate to 87 industries instead of 89 which were covered in the July and
prior issues of the pamphlet. The 2 industries excluded are electric- and steam-railroad
repair shops. The averages for the durable goods group have also been affected by this
exclusion.
8
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in January 1938 issue of this publication.
Cent*
91.7
8S.1
68.5
55.1
85.9
+•9
+1.9
-6. 6
33.87
29.1
8
91.4
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation
officers,
executives, and other employees who.se duties are mainly supervisory.
4
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tip? cannot be computed.
5
Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available, percentage changes from preceding
month substituted.
6
Not available.
• Less than Mo of 1 percent.
a
16
INDEXES OF EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 5 for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, including 2 subgroups under retail trade,
by months from February 1938 to February 1939, inclusive. The
accompanying chart indicates the trend of factory employment and
pay rolls from January 1919 to February 1939.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are based on the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100. They relate to wage earners only and
are computed from reports supplied by representative manufacturing
establishments in 87 manufacturing industries. These reports cover
more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing
industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners
in the 87 industries included in the monthly survey of the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
and dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for
public utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are
mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum producing they cover
wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting
samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from 25
percent for wholesale trade to 90 percent for quarrying and nonmetallic mining.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls
for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1923-25=100
INDEX
INDEX
140
140
K
120
120
to
h
v
(OOP
80
*v
-
60
i
40
i
E MPUDYME NT
100
fV
-f
•
t
7
VJ
PAY ROLLS
80
60
40
V "
I
20
1919
|9?0
1921
1922
1923
1924
UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
20
18
TABLE 5.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing1 and Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, February 1938 to February 1939, Inclusive
Employment
Industry
Av.
1938
1938
1939
Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Doc. Jan. Feb
Manufacturing
All industries— J
Durable goods
Nondurable goods «...
86.8 88.2 87.7 85.7 83.4 81.6 81.9 85.7 88.8 89.5 90.5 91.2 89.5 90.7
77.3 80.1 79.3 77.0 75.0 72.4 70.3 71.7 57.3 79.0 82.1 83.1 81.6 82.6
96.0 95.9 95.8 94.0 91.5 90.3 92.9 99. 0 101. 7 99.4 98.4 98.8 97.1
Nonma nufacturing
Anthracite mining
Bituminous-coal mining..
Metalliferous minimg
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Telephone and telegraph..
Electric light and power,
and manufactured gas...
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
General merchandising
Other than general
merchandising
Year-round hotels
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning
52. 3 60.0 59.3 57.0 62.8 56.0 44.0 37.6 46.4 52.4 51.0 51.3 50.0 52.2
80. 95.5 93.2 85.8 82.2 80.2 78. 5 80.1 83.4 87.2 88.6 89.3 88.7
59.0 63.6 62.3 61.6 58.8 56.0 49.7 51.4 55.2 57.9 61.9 62.3 62.6
42.3
37.8 38.9
72.1 74.2 73.6
75.1 75.7 74.9
92.3
41.7
43.7
43.6
44.1
44.6
73.8
74.8
73.2
75.0
72.8
74.8
72.3
74.9
72.4 71.5 69.5
74.8 74.9 74.7
91.'
92.2
92.3
92.7
92.6 92.0
44.4
41.4
38.3
37.4
68.3
74.4
67.8
74.3
67.0
74.1
66.6
73.3
92.5 92.5 91.9 91.4
90.0
44.6
44.4
69.4 69.2 69.3
90.0 88.3 87.9
98.1
81.7
70.3 71.2 70.8 71.1 70.6 70.4 70.1 69.5 69.3 69.9
88.8 90.4 89.1 88.5 87.3 87.2 86.8 87.6 88.5
85.2 82.4 83.0 88.2 83.8 83.6 81.1 80.0 84.7
90. 5 101.0 92.4 91.9 87.9
98.0
81.8
92.7
95.7
104.3
80.7 81.0 84.9 81.5
94.5 93.4 93.5 92.7
.2
95.7 94.8 95.4
L11.8 109. 9
95.6
81.4
92.2
96.6
110.8
79.3
90.7
97.8
108. 6
86.4
97.0 99.4 104. 5 144.1 90.7 89.5
78.3 81.5 82.3 82.3 86.0
90.4 91.8 92.9 92.5 92.0
97.5 96.5 94.4 93.7 93.4
105. 0 107.8 106. 8 102. 597. 9
80.0
91.8
93.3
94.2
79.7
92.6
92.8
92.1
Pay rolls
Manufacturing
All industries
Durable goods3
_
Nondurable goods *
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining.
Bituminous-coal mining. __
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Telephone and telegraph..
Electric light and power,
and manufactured gas
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and
maintenance
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
_
General merchandising
Other than general
merchandising
_.
Year-round hotels
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning
77.5 76.9 77.1 74.6 72.9 70.8 70.6 76.9 81.0 83.8 84.1 86.5 83.2 85.4
68.2 67.2 67.4 65.6 64.2 61.7 58.6 63.7 68.7 75.2 78.3 80.4 76.4 78.4
88.0 87.8 87.9 84.7 82.6 80.9 84.1 91.7 94.9 93.4 90.6 93.4 90.9 93.238.2 46.1
67.9 74.0
50.4 55.8
47.3
68.4
66.3
39.0 38.3 49.7 20.2 20.0
56.3 55.3 57.0 56.8 64.2
53.3 51.2 46.1 38.0 43.
35.1
30.2
33.9
29.4 43.4 36.2 42.5 38.0 45.2
71.9 78.3 81.4 80.9 78.2 81.3
46.1 49.2 52.3 54.1 55.3 53.4
39.2
38.3
37.3
37.0
66.5 69.6 68.0 68.0 66.7
92.1 89.9 92.6 91.6 91.3
67.6
90.9
66.8 66.5 63. 63.3 62.5 60. 9 62.5
90.9 91.3 92.6 95.3 93.0 92.5 92.0 91.7
28.6
39.2
38.4
37.2
33.7
30.2
29.1
98.5 98.5 98.6 97.6 97.4 98.6 98.3 ,98.9 98.4 99.9 98.6 98.2 95.9 96.4
69.7 70.2 69.9
74.7 75.3 74.7
70.4 68.4 68.6
68.4
71.2 69.7 69.0
75.1 73.8 73.6 73.7 74.3
70. 0 69.5 68.1 66.8 69.4
87.8 81.5 82.2 89.4 84.4 84.3 {80.4 78.8 85.3
66.8
80.3
80.6
75.3
65.7
83.6
79.1
65.2
65.8
80.9
78.6
68.2
70.0
74.6
72.2
68. 6
80.5
80.6
87.2
67.0
80.5
80.9
80.7
66.4
79.6
81.8
83.3
65.6
77.4
83.0
77.5
64.3
77.4
83.1
74.3
66.1
78.9
81.4
81.7
68.9
69.
71.1 69.9
75.1 75.4 75.7 75.5 74.6
70.8 71. 79.2 69.7 68.5
88.3 91.8 122.9 84.0 81.3
67.2 . . . .
80.8 £81. 3
79. 5 79.3
~ "
78.0 73.9
70.1
81.1
80.0
68.3
66.7
80.2
79.6
65.8
65.8
82.8
78.6
63.2
* 3-year average, 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1935 Census of Manufactures. Comparable indexes for earlier
months
are in August 1938 issue of pamphlet and November 1938 issue of Monthly Labor Review.
2
12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes are in November,1934>and subsequent issues of
Employment and Pay Rolls, or in Febiuary 1935 and subsequent issues of Monthly Labor Review, except
for anthracite and bituminous-coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning. Indexes
for these industries from January 1929 forward have been adjusted to the 1935 census and are presented in
the January 1938 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls.
»Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, railroad repair shops, nonferrous metals,
lumber and allied products, and stone, clay, and glass products.
* Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
19
TREND OF INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, BY STATES
A comparison of employment and pay rolls, by States and geographic divisions, in January and February 1939 is shown in table 6
for all groups combined and for all manufacturing industries combined
based on data supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage
changes shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—that is, the
industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total
have not been weighted according to their relative importance.
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include figures
for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the 8 7 manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all groups
combined include all manufacturing industries, each of the nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 (except building construction), and seasonal hotels.
Similar comparisons showing only percentage changes are available
in mimeographed form for "all groups combined/' for "all manufacturing/' for anthracite mining, bituminous-coal mining, metalliferous
mining, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, crude-petroleum producing, public utilities, wholesale trade, retail trade, hotels, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, and brokerage and insurance.
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
January and February 1939, by Geographic Divisions and by States
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by
cooperating State organizations]
Manufacturing
Total—all groups
Geographic division and State
NumPercent- Amount
Number
age
of
on
ber
change pay roll
pay
of
roll
estabfrom (1 week)
lish- Febru- Janu- February
ments
1939
ary
ary
1939
1939
Percentage
change
from
January
1939
NumPerNumber
cent- Amount
ber
on
of
age
of
pay change pay roll
from (1 week)
roll
establish- Febru- Janu- February
1939
ary
ary
ments
1939
1939
Dollars
13,008
New England
740
Maine
New Hamp613
shire
467
Vermont
Massachusetts. 17,780
Rhode Island.. 1,145
2,313
Connecticut
848,103 +0.8 19,601,955
53,189 +2.1 1,075, 578
37,621
16,481
455,514
93,335
191,963
Middle Atlantic
31,785 2,015,414
20, 241 895,064
New York
3,898 345, 240
New Jersey
Pennsylvania.. 7,646 775,110
East North Central.. 24,137 2, 043, 814
6,729 511,176
Ohio
2,795 245,S67
Indiana
Illinois
< 6,910 580,893
Michigan
3,473 482,123
Wisconsin
s 4,2SO 224,265
See footnotes at end of table.
+.3
+2.2
+.8
767,418
351,487
10,783,634
+ . 5 1,968,881
+.6 4, 654,957
+1.3
+.9
+1.0
+2.0
+.7
53,104, 834
24,596, 611
9,001,718
19, 506, 505
55,012,097
+ . 9 13, 652,893
+2.5 6,243,281
+.8
15,809,719
+2.2
5,741,907
- 1 . 0 14,064, 297
Percentage
change
from
January
1939
Dollars
+1.9
+3.6
+3.5
+3.5
+1.6
+1.5
+2.3
+2.4
+.8
+2.3
+4.5
+1.1
+2.7
3,536
272
589,035
44,876
+1.9 12,982,775
+2.6
874,442
193
152
1,780
428
711
31,136
10.441
268,466
76,929
157,187
+1.6
608, 241
214, 711
+3.3
+2.1 6,024,626
5,915 1,132,695
2 2,034 385, 028
27'4,941
1,612
2,269 472,726
8,415 1,537, 546
2,389 392,463
+.7 1, 552, 548
+1.9 3, 708, 207
+1.9 29, 007,159
+2.1 10,348,265
+1.5 7,039,474
3+2.1 11,619,420
+1.1 42, 041, 032
+1.2 10,705,486
+2.9 5,144,084
+2.1 9,969,359
+3.7
+4. 5
+5.1
+5.8
-{3.6
+2.2
+3. G
+3.3
+2.2
+3. 2
>+4-i
+1.7
+3.6
+2.9 1,074 196,877
+3.5
+1.8 2,457 382,816
+8.0
- 3 . 6 1,041 410,526 -1.3 12,186,027 -8.3
+5.9 '1,454 155,364 3 +2. 6 4, 036, QIC,2+7.7
20
TABLE 6.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
January and February 1939, by Geographic Divisions and by States—Continued
Total—all groups
Geographic division and State
Number
of
establishments
NumPerber
cent- Amount
on
age
of
pay
change pay roll
roll
from (1 week)
Febru- Janu- February
ary
ary
1939
1939
1939
West North Central. 11,440
Minnesota
1,792
Iowa
2,554
Missouri
545
North Dakota.
434
South D a k o t a 949
Nebraska...
Kansas
408,228
120,749
54, 276
149, 274
4,444
5,452
23,296
50,7S7 10
10,430
South Atlantic
225
Delaware
1,579
Maryland
District of O
1,011
lumbia.
1,882
Virginia..
1,076
West Virginia..
North Carolina 1, 565
764
South Carolina
1, 377
Georgia
951
Florida
835,509
14, 600
150, 174
4,339
1,286
1,173
1,412
468
273,367
79,176
93,803
83,819
16,569
West South Central. 5,579
n 1,160
Arkansas.
919
Louisiana
1,206
Oklahoma
Texas
2,294
211,518
53, 338
49,715
35,002
93,468
East South Central..
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico. __
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
3,677
575
469
313
999
276
385
504
156
+.4
-3.0
-1.6
-2.1
-8. 2
Manufacturing
Percentage
change
from
January
1939
Number
of
establish.
ments
Dollars
10,053,477
O 2,441
3, 245,470
638
1,327,414 +2.S
361
+.8
3, 550,906
769
111,821
25
125, 614 -6.8
30
532, 691 -4.4
132
1,159,661 3 -1.7
+A
5 15,>, 944,459
335,185
5,123,018
+2A
+2.6
+1.7 2,900
+1.3
83
+S.S
Number
Percentage
pay
change
roll
from
Febru- January
ary
1939
1939
on
200, 776
48,612
31,089
88,836
381
2,189
7,996
21,678
+
+5.*
-.5
+1.1
+1.1
+1.5
-5.3
-1.
+1.0
-.1
+1.8
+.6
+2.2
+1.3
3,006,101
701,117
1,218, 222
929,041
157, 721
+1.5
-1.9
+3.8
+.8
+3.0
2,267,124
349,865
520,450
222, 517
1,174,292
+.4
+.2
+1.2
+.9
5,014, 567
1, 656,113
1, 655,188
1,458,825
244,441
+2.0
+1.3
+2.9
+1.6
+2.
1,042
280
355
325
82
175, 753
33, 592
71,016
59, 650
11,495
4, 667, 538
674,665
963,140
868,116
2,261,617
+.2
—.2
1,285
326
225
133
601
107,024
21,526
28,626
9,956
46,916
+1.9
+3.4
+1.8
106, 861 - 3 . 0 2,753,068
435, 257
15,826 - 1 . 6
221,670
8,970 -10.6
224,636
7,836 - 3 . 1
906, 550
35, 270
-.7
132, 430
5,794 - 2 . 0
336,823
12,888 - 3 . 7
424, 505
17,902 - 4 . 6
71,197
2,375 - 1 . 7
-2.9
-9.3
-6.1
-1.2
+2.5
+2.0
541
69
60
38
191
33
39
96
15
29,835
4,430
2,128
1,101
12,857
811
2,723
5,510
275
-2.4
-32.1
-15.9
-.6
-15.6
-3.3
-11.3
+10.0
-.8
+.8
543
286
1,801
217,260
45, 241
24,053
147,966
9,915 422,880
Pacific
Washington— 2,496 82, 343
39,872
1,255
Oregon
California12 6.164 S00,665
-.2
-.2
-.5
-A
12,162,697
2, 220, 451
1,064,908
8,877,338
-3.9
-6.2
Dollars
4, 896,624
+.5
1,266,320
+6.0
788,322 +2.1
2,044, 465
10,037 —3lu
53,387 -10.7
192,278 -11.0
541,815
-2.3
+1.0
+1.7
+4.4
+2.4
+1.3
-.2
-11. C
3,371
76,186
48,649
166,899
75,875
91,172
20,979
+.4
-1.0
+1.3
+.5
+1.7
+.5
+l!
+.2
ary
1939
112, 654
1,362,306
1,197, 392
2,488,124
1,043, 392
1,294.167
320, 524
40
444
202
677
242
387
182
-4! 3
1939
+.9
+.5
+1.5
+1.1
+1.2
-1.3
+1.7
+2.9
+2.1
+1.2
-.1
-2.1
-.4
+.5
+!
+1.0
of
585,195
6 10,247,023 +2.2
10,776 +1.5
• 251,817 +.6'
91,289 »+5.7 2,176,647 3+4-7
1,935, 661
3,123,814
2,723,457
1,169, !™
1,803,071
832, 204
32,702
105,026
126, 564
180,204
82,807
115,842
47,590
Percentage
pay roll change
(1 week) from
February JanuAmount
-.6
-13.4
-7.2
754, 280 - 2 . 0
109, 575 - 8 . 2
49,142 -21.8
-4.4
339, 572 +8.3
14,314 -17.1
63,840 - 3 . 2
131, 208 - 8 . 7
7,937 +17.8
+1.2 6,034,294 +1.6
+.2 1,195, 501 —1.0
— 3
611, 622 +1.3
+L8 4,227,171 +2.S
1 Includes banks and trust companies; construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment;
amusement and recreation; professional services; and trucking and handling.
1 Includes laundering and cleaning; and water, light, and power.
3 Weighted percentage change.
•5 Includes automobile and miscellaneous services; restaurants; and building and contracting.
Includes construction, but not public works.
• Does not include logging.
i Less than Ho of 1 percent.
• Includes banks; real estate* pipe line transportation; trucking and transfer; railroads (other than repair
shops); motor transportation (other than operation and maintenance); water transportation; hospitals and
clinics;
personal, business, mechanical repair, and miscellaneous services; and building construction.
9
Includes financial institutions, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
i° Weighted percentage change including hired farm labor.
" Includes automobile dealers and garages; and sand, gravel, and building stone.
u Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.
21
TABLE 7.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments iv
January; February 1939 by Principal Metropolitan Areas
Metropolitan area
Number of Number on Percentage
establishchange
pay roil,
from
ments,
February February
January«
+.6
+.2
New York, N . Y . . .
Chicago, 111
_.
Philadelphia, Pa...
Detroit, Mich
Los Angeles, Calif..
14,490
4,544
2,063
1,414
2,938
602,688
415,820
192,193
319,799
148,335
Cleveland, Ohio....
St. Louis, Mo
Baltimore, Md
Boston, Mass
Pittsburgh, Pa
L.546
L, 366
1,157
L, 510
,058
109,969
116,131
98,317
106,152
161,742
+1.0
+1.6
+1.1
+2.6
San Francisco, Calif..
Buffalo, N . Y
Milwaukee, Wis
1,669
838
993
80,690
64,903
95,145
-0)
+2.4
1
+1.2
-1.5
+.7
+.8
+.8
Amount of
pay roll
(1 week),
February
Percentage
change
from
January
$16,418,754
11,376,458
S- 5,120,180
, 9,793,849
4,339,066
+1.5
-.3
+1.0
-6.2
-.1
3,109,065
2,836,747
2,372,806
2,884,851
4,380,265
+3.5
+.5
+2.9
+.8
+5.0
2,425, 268
1,686,040
2, 652, 319
+6.2
+.6
-.2
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS
A comparison of employment and pay rolls in January and February
1939 is made in table 7 for 13 metropolitan areas which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas, but having
a population of 100,000 or over, are not included. Footnotes to the
table indicate which cities are excluded. Data concerning them are
presented in a supplementary tabulation which is available on request. Thefiguresrepresent reports from cooperating establishments
and cover both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3, with the exception
of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries.
Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly
because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the
supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary
tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more, according to the 1930 Census of Population.
Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service
of the Federal Government in January and February 1939 are given
in table 8.
22
TABLE 8.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the U. S. Government^
January and February 1939 *
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Class
February
Entire service:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Inside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Outside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Pay rolls
Percentage
change
February
1939
January J
1939
$130,015,491
$131,405, 792
112,682, 652
7,901,393
114,234,803
7, 587,402
Percentage
change
1939
Janu-J
ary
1939
870,767
864,162
+0.8
720,351
68,047
720,800
60,934
-.1
82,428
-.1
9,431,446
9, 583, 587
120, 447
120,055
+.3
21,211, 623
21, 458, 331
105,664
9,822
105,379
18,943,831
1, 532, 594
19,171,070
1, 503, 498
+1.9
-6.2
+.3
+.4
9,787
4,961
750,320
+11.7
4,889
614,687
58,225
744,107
615,421
51,147
77,408
77, 539
+1.5
735,198
783, 763
+.8
108,803,868
109,947,461
-.1
+13.8
-1.1
-1.4
+4.1
-1.6
-1.1
-1.2
-1.0
95,063, 733
6,083, 904
+4.7
8, 799, 824
-1.2
-1.4
' Data include number of employees receiving pay during the last pay period of the month.
' Revised.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION
Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during February on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 9, by type of project.
TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, February 1939 l
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project
Maximum Weekly
number
employed * average
of
Monthly Number
Average
pay-roll man-hours
worked
disburseper
during
ments
hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projectsfinancedfrom National Industrial Recovery Act
funds
All projects
Building construction
Naval vessels
Public roads «
Reclamation
River, harbor, andfloodcontrol...
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage. _
Miscellaneous
Soe footnotes at end of table.
3 2, 609
106
635
27
2,532
$227, 269
341, 272
$0. 666
$96, 219
91
44
1,700
587
27
6
66
11
19,153
6,656
106, 652
81,067
1,476
279
11, 390
596
12,440
6,561
205,724
102, 460
2,446
262
9,552
1,827
1.540
1.014
.518
.791
.603
1.065
1.192
.326
4,064
3,559
71,000
8,226
1,212
0
6,658
1,500
TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, February 1939—Continued
Wage earners
Type of project
Maximum
number
employed
Weekly
average
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
Number of Average
man-hours earnings
worked
per
during
hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds
All projects
33,836
29, 229 $3,127,481
3, 584,653
$0.872
$4,169, 396
Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
Building construction
Electrification
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Ship construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
Professional, technical, and clerical
.
101
21,160
592
7,355
482
929
127
504
1, 584
101
17, 660
576
6,812
409
864
118
479
1,411
1,700
1,773,333
54,806
929,016
56,026
66,352
8,838
34,646
85,878
2,814
1,985,413
80,645
1,034,058
62, 570
83, 585
9,886
45, 355
133,151
.604
.893
.680
.858
.895
.794
.894
.764
.645
8, 335
2,998,486
129,533
462, 613
118,811
112,245
45, 532
114,813
158, 659
799
116,886
147,176
.794
20.369
1,002
Non-Federal projecLs financed from National Industrial Recovery
Act funds
All projects 6
4,906
4, 256
$725, 626
438,284
$1. 656
$567,961
Building construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage..
Miscellaneous
3,311
323
602
670
2,981
236
503
536
585,063
7,950
76,894
55,719
306,040
13,875
56, 302
62,067
1.912
.573
1.366
320,877
10,410
105,053
131, 621
Projects financed from Emergency Uelicf Appropriation Act 1935,
1936, and 1937 funds '
All projects 8
30,709
25, 652 $2,823,988
3, 216, 550
$0.878
$4,837, 715
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage. _
M iscellaneous
18, 324
1,089
3, 885
1,146
1,372
4,879
14
15,197
931
3,192
1,030
1,063
4,231
8
1,688,955
85, 310
369,875
104, 220
86, 255
489,111
262
1, 777, 388
120, 532
456,025
153,188
146, 212
562, 724
481
. 950
.708
.811
.680
.590
.869
.545
2,948,909
402,041
643, 298
104, 646
71,724
536, 534
130,563
Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds
.
144, 510
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
__
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
All projects.
99,013
1,360
3,982
682
478
14, 691
23, 444
860
115,249 $9, 592,199
78,788
985
3,188
538
407
11, 578
19,007
758
6,469,086
67,314
440,324
39,738
46,034
878, 796
1, 570,887
80,020
11,727,003
$0.818
$25,035, 299
7, 506,818
95,312
455, 228
63, 623
56,112
1,280, 620
2,171,035
98,255
.862
.706
.967
.625
.820
.686
.724
.814
15, 731,321
409,642
824,923
46,740
278,733
2, 425,783
4, 730,101
588,056
i Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
> Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
» Includes weekly average for public roads.
<
Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
8
Not available: weekly average included in total for all projects.
6
Includes data for workers engaged in construction of underground tunnel who, because of the additional
risk
involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid for building construction.
7
These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed by The Works Program.
8
Includes a maximum of 44 and an average of 37 employees working on low-cost housing projects financed
from E. R. A. A. 1935 funds who were paid $1,565 for 3,773 man-hours of labor. Material orders in the
amount of $63 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate tables covering
projects financed from The Works Program,
24
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 and title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of
1936. The First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, reappropriated unobligated funds originally made available under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935 and authorized the use of $300,000,000
from funds on hand or received from the sale of securities. The
Public Works Administration was continued until July 1, 1939, by
the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937 and the
Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 further
continued the program to June 30, 1941.
Federal construction projects for which data are included in table 9
are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration
to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government
from funds provided under the National Industrial Recovery Act.
The major portion of the low-cost housing program of the Public
Works Administration, however, was financed by funds provided under
the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Federal construction projects are also financed by allotments from funds provided
under the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938.
The work is performed either by commercial firms which have been
awarded contracts or by day labor hired directly by the Federal
agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the
Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public
Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. Most of the allotments have been made to the States and their political subdivisions,
but occasionally allotments have been made to commercial firms. In
financing projects for the States or their political subdivisions from
funds appropriated under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the
Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of not more than
30 percent of the total labor and material cost. When funds provided
under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First
Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937, or the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 are used to finance a non-Federal project, as much
as 45 percent of the total cost may be furnished in the form of a grant.
The remaining 55 percent or more of the cost is financed by the
recipient. When circumstances justify such action the Public Works
25
Administration may provide the grantee with the additional funds by
means of a loan. Allotments to commercial enterprises are made only
as loans. All loans made by the Public Works Administration carry
interest charges and have a definite date of maturity. Collateral
posted with the Public Works Administration to secure loans may be
offered for sale to the public. In this way a revolving fund is provided
which enlarges the scope of the activities of the Public Works
Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the form
of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotives and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial shops.
UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY
The United States Housing Authority was created by Public, No.
412, Seventy-fifth Congress, approved September 1, 1937, as a corporate body of the Department of the Interior for the purpose of assisting
the States and their political subdivisions in remedying the unsafe and
insanitary housing conditions and the acute shortage of decent, safe,
and sanitary dwellings for families of low income, and in alleviating
present and recurring unemployment.
Executive Order No. 7732, dated October 27, 1937, transferred to
the Authority all the housing and slum-clearance projects of the
Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works and all assets,
contracts, records, applications, libraries, research materials, and other
property held in connection with such projects or with the housing or
slum-clearance activities of the Public Works Administration, together
with the unexpended balance of funds allocated to the Public Works
Administration for the construction of any housing or slum-clearance
projects. This Executive order was modified by Executive Order No.
7839, dated March 12, 1938, under which the two Puerto Rico projects
were transferred to the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration.
Table 10 shows data for February 1939 on projects of the United
States Housing Authority. These figures pertain only to new projects
under the United States Housing Authority and not to those formerly
under the Public Works Administration.
26
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Cost Housing Projects Operated by the
United States Housing Authority, February 1939 1
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Geographic division
Maximum
number
employed 2
Weekly
average
Monthly
pay-rolls
disbursements
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed during month
Five divisions
3,317
2,781
$353,132
292,916
$1.206
$1,597,731
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
South Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central.-
2,707
81
264
22
243
2,295
52
219
13
202
315,892
6,742
15,447
1,082
13,969
240,454
7,147
25,096
866
19, 353
1.314
.943
.616
1.249
.722
1,388,620
134,669
50,511
538
23,393
i Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
a Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month.
THE WORKS PROGRAM
By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of work to be carried out by 61 units
of the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by
title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as
the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, and was further
continued by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1937.
The Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938 extended this program to June 30, 1939. Employment created by this program
includes employment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. Federal
projects are those conducted by Federal agencies which have received
allotments from The Works Program fund. Projects operated by
the Works Progress Administration are those projects conducted
under the supervision of the Works Progress Administration with
the cooperation of States, cities, or counties.
A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed by The Works Program in February is shown in
table 11, by type of project.
27
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program,
February 1939 1
ISubject'Jto^revision]
Wage earners
Type of project
Maximum Weekly
number
averemployed
age
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month
Average
earnings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects
110,324
All projects.
Building construction
Electrification
Forestry a
Grade-crossing elimination 4
Hydroelectric power plants *
Plant, crop, and livestock conservation 3 .
Professional, technical, and clerical
Public roads *
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
44,394
149
9,781
701
1,790
10, 512
5,173
863
28, 563
1,061
1,901
743
11,984
40,742
148
8,793
584
1,750
10,023
5,010
702
27, 552
917
1,814
704
11. 585
$5, 684,498
2,318,807
8,518
417,894
27,814
65, 928
525,027
371,320
52, 535
1, 349,022
45, 994
83, 828
28, 756
389, 055
12,473,296
4,203,834
21,121
993, 351
51,139
300,430
1,253,155
580,478
84,890
3,204, 928
82,146
188,683
93, 545
1, 415, 596
$0. 456 $1,178,890
.552
.403
.421
.544
.219
.419
.640
.619
.421
.560
.444
.307
.275
364, 797
3,525
51, 380
123, 338
32,029
49,366
14, 305
57, 735
383, 627
7,119
25,446
8,358
57, 865
l \ "W. A. projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act, funds of 1935, 1936, and 1937 «
All projects.
2 30, 709 25,652
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood controlStreets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
$2, 823,988
3, 216, 550 $0.878
$4,837, 715
18,324
1,089
3,885
1,146
15,197
931
3,192
1,030
1,688,955
85,310
369,875
104,220
1, 777,388
120, 532
456, 025
153,188
.950
.708
.811
2,948,909
402,041
643,298
104, 640
1,372
4,879
14
1,063
4,231
8
86,255
489, 111
262
146,212
562, 724
481
.590
.869
.545
71, 724
536,534
130, 563
Projects operated by Works Progress Administration T
All projects..
8
2,955,040
$152,261,190 305,186,543 $0,499
i Unless otherwise noted data are for the month ending on the 15th.
a Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 The data for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, under plant, crop, and livestock conservation, and the Bureau of Forest Service, under forestry, are for the calendar month.
*fi These data are for projects under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.
«Includes data for 30,665 employees working on non-Federal projects and 44 employees working on lowcost housing projects. These data are included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction
of 7the Public Works Administration.
Data are for the calendar month. Not available by type of project.
1
Represents number of names on pay roll for week ending February 25,1939.
• Data on a monthly basis are not available.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on work projects
of the National Youth Administration from the beginning of the
program in January 1936 to February 1939, inclusive, are shown in
table 12. Similar data for Student Aid are shown from September
1935 the starting date, to January 1939, inclusive.
28
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects
Financed by The Works Program from the Beginning of Program Through February
1939!
[Subject;to>evision]
Year and month
Number
Number of Average
of persons Pay-roll dis- man-hours earnings
worked
per hour
employed bursements
Value of
material
orders
placed
Work projects
January 1936 to February 1939, inclusiveJanuary to December 1936..
January to December 1937_.
January to December 1938..
January 1939.
February 1939
$111,405,071
241,623
305,243,723
75,827,799
32,601,360 87, 092,351
41,086,482 116, 520,393
4,376,868 12,741,761
4,456, 772 13,061,419
$0,365 a $11,198,371
.381
.374
.353
.344
.341
StudentUid
September 1935 to January 1939, inclusiveSeptember to December 1935.
January to December 1936
January to December 1937
January to December 1938
January 1939_
_
__
369,515
$78,210,574
6,363,503
25,888,559
24,188,039
19, 521,980
2,248,493
264,145,856
19,612,976
85,424, 616
83,028,847
68,147, 232
7,932,185
$0,296
.324
.303
.291
.286
.283
i Data are for a calendar month.
1
Data on a monthly basis are not available. This total represents expenditures through September 30,
1938, and includes rentals and services and some sponsors' contributions.
3 No expenditures for materials on this type of project.
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS
The Civilian Conservation Corps was created by an act of Congress
approved June 28, 1937, and succeeded the Emergency Conservation
Work which had been set up in April 1933.
Employment and pay-roll data for the Civilian Conservation Corps
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled
personnel is $30 per month. Assistant leaders, not to exceed 10
percent of the total number of enrollees, may receive up to $36 per
month, and leaders, not to exceed 6 percent, may receive up to $45
per month.
Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
January and February 1939 are presented in table 13.
29
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, January
and February 1939 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees
Group
All groups
_
Enrolled personnel *
Reserve officers
_
Nurses'
_
Educational advisers *
Supervisory and technical 3
February
January
Amount of pay rolls
February
January
337,191
330,144
$14,789,353
$14,709,313
300,809
5,021
309
1,592
29,460
293,785
5,003
295
1,587
29,474
9, 383, 838
1,279,.619
31,989
266,200
3,827, 707
9,217,703
1,295,328
30,369
264,984
3,900,929
i Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amount of pay rolls are for
the entire month.
* February data^include 4,009 enrollees and pay roll of $90,685 outside continental United States; in
January the corresponding figures were 3,951 enrollees and pay roll of $93,925.
3 Included in executive service, table 8.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION
FINANCE CORPORATION
Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in February are presented in table 14, by type of project.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, February 1939 1
[Subject to revision]
Type of project
Maximum
number of
wage earners >
All projects
2,593
Building construction»
Water and sewerage.-.
1,631
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month
357,772
133,989
164, 710
174, 401
183,371
Average
earnings
per hour
$0,835
.768
Value of
material
orders
placed dur*
ing month
$781,025
670,816
110,209
ilData are for the month ending on the 15th.
»JMaximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
3 Includes 235 employees, pay-roll disbursements of $16,173,21,225 man-hours worked, and material orders
placed of $22,801 on projects financed by RFC Mortgage Co.
30
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL
APPROPRIATIONS
When a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is
started by a department or agency of the Federal Government, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms supplied
by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount
of the contract, and the ty*pe of work to be performed. Blanks are
then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Government agency
doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show
the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts disbursed for pay, the
number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of the
different types of materials for which orders were placed during the
month.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during February are given in table 15, by type of project.
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project^ February 1939 l
[Subject to revision!
Number of wage
earners
Type of project
All projects
_
Maximum
number
employed 3
Weekly
average
Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements
Number of
Value of
material
man-hours Average
earnings
orders
worked
per hour placed durduring
ing month
month
_._.
»172,264
22,596,534
$0,746
$34,315,528
Building construction.
Electrification:
Rural Electrification Administration projects *
_.
Other than R. E. A. projects...
Forestry
Heavy engineering
Public roads •
___.
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments,
etc
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
__
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage.
Miscellaneous
14, 710
11, 965
1,347,835
1,395,738
.966
1,966,435
7,826
125
6,551
76
29
148
38,196
11,838
397,191
5,228
1,888
29,068
2,742,957
1,589,177
775,322
6,746
3,318
25,547
4, 694,641
1,887,335
.512
.775
.569
1.138
.584
.842
2,574,767
2,860
1,688
2,115
4, 571,595
811, 465
32,080
7,408
26,956
2,820,372
825,875
4, 553, 281
1,106,785
.619
.746
2,247,918
1,640, 722
46,204
8,854
2,926
376
805
44,911
7,869
2,719
336
6,036,241
804,822
171,831
25,795
60,246
6,716,332
973,845
.826
.522
.523
.762
17,390, 526
2, 575, 414
391,875
85,386
52, 762
29
201
(fl)
12,524
158,969 $16,858,526
329, 253
49, 293
79,098
1
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
3
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
* Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
5
Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
6
Not available, weekly average included in the total for all projects.
31
STATE-ROADS PROJECTS
A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or
local funds in February 1939, compared with January 1939, and
February 1938, is presented in table 16.
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
February 1939, January 1939, and February 1938 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees 2
Item
February
1939
January
1939
February
1938
Pay-roll disbursements
February
1939
January
1939
Total
145,096
152,989
127,962 $10,113,396 $10,525,210
New roads
Maintenance
21,027
124,069
18,443
134,546
12,252
115,710
1
3
_
1,465,050
8,648,346
1,229,840
9,295,370
February
1938
$8,789,148
809,310
7,979,838
Data are for the month ending on the 15th and are for projects financed wholly from State or local funds.
Average number working during month.
O
@FedFRASER