Full text of Employment and Payrolls : December 1940
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Serial No. R. 1250
U1VITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief
DECEMBER 1940
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1941
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of employment reports for December 1940
Total nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for December 1940
Estimates of nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
__.
.__
..
. . . _.
1
1
1
6
8
8
11
32
Tables
SUMMAKY
TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
December 1940
TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary December 1940_
TABLE 3.—Value of material orders placed on projects financed wholly
or partially from Federal funds and number of man-months
of labor created in final fabrication of materials purchased,
fourth quarter of 1940, third quarter of 1940, and fourth
quarter of 1939
NONAGRICULTURAL
5
7
8
EMPLOYMENT
TABLE 4.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups..
TABLE 5.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States
9
10
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT
TABLE 6.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, December 1940
TABLE 7.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, October through
December 1940
TABLE 8.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes
of employment and pay rolls, December 1939 through
December 1940
TABLE 9.—All manufacturing industries combined—employment and
pay-roll indexes, January 1919 to December 1940, inclusive
TABLE 10.—Durable-goods group of manufacturing industries—employment and pay-roll indexes, January 1923 to December
1940, inclusive
TABLE 11.—Nondurable-goods group of manufacturing industries—employment and pay-roll indexes, January 1923 to December
1940, inclusive
(in)
16
22
27
28
29
30
IV
Page
TABLE 12.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in November and
December 1940
TABLE 13.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wagerate changes during month ending December 15, 1940
31
32
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
TABLE 14.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls, December 1940
TABLE 15.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, December 1940, by type of project
TABLE 16.—Housing projects of the United States Housing Authority—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, December
1940, by geographic division
TABLE 17.—Projects financed by the Work Projects Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects
operated by the Work Projects Administration, December
1940; employment, pay rolls and man-hours worked on
Federal agency projects, December 1940, by type of
project
TABLE 18.—Projects operated by the Work Projects Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, November
1940, by type of project
TABLE 19.—National Youth Administration student-work program and
out-of-school work program, employment and pay rolls,
December 1940
TABLE 20.—Civilian Conservation Corps—-employment and pay rolls,
December 1940
TABLE 21.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, December 1940, by type of project
TABLE 22.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
December 1940, by type of project
TABLE 23.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, December 1940
33
33
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
PURCHASES FROM PUBLIC FUNDS
TABLE 24.—Value of material orders placed on construction projects
financed by Federal funds, fourth quarter of 1940, by type
of project
TABLE 25.—Value of material orders placed on construction projects
financed by Federal funds, third quarter of 1940, by type
of project
TABLE 26.—Rentals and services on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, third quarter of 1940, second quarter
of 1940, and third quarter of 1939
„
40
42
44
Employment and Pay Rolls
SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR DECEMBER 1940
Total Nonagricultural Employment
CIVIL nonagricultural employment increased by approximately
540,000 workers in December 1940, bringing total employment to
more than 37,100,000 persons. The December increase was larger
than any reported in the past 11 years and more persons were engaged
in civil nonagricultural occupations in December than at any time
since October 1929. Wholesale and retail trade establishments,
in which 430,000 workers were added, accounted for most of the
employment gain. A substantial portion of this gain was due to
the hiring of temporary (workers to handle the Christmas trade.
Manufacturing industries continued to expand under the spur of
defense expenditures and showed a contraseasonal gain of nearly
120,000. Federal, State, and local Government services, exclusive
of the armed forces, added more than 45,000 persons to pay rolls in
December—most of this rise was due to increased activity at navy
yards and Government arsenals and to the hiring of temporary
employees by the Post Office Department for the Christmas rush.
The finance, service, and miscellaneous group of industries added
approximately 11,000 workers in December. Transportation, public
utilities, and mining reported seasonal decreases in employment in
December. Construction firms, however, showed a less than seasonal
decrease of 27,000 workers.
Total civil nonagricultural employment in December 1940 was
1,500,000 above the December 1939 level. Manufacturing industries
added 640,000 workers during the year and 450,000 found jobs in
private and public construction work. Of all the industries surveyed,
the only major group to report an employment decrease (15,000)
over the year interval was mining.
These figures do not include emergency employment which increased 155,000 over the month as a result of the folio whig changes:
Increases of 63,000 on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, 65,000 on the out-of-school work program of the National
Youth Administration, 62,000 in the military service, and a decrease
of 35,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps.
(1)
Industrial and Business Employment
Of the 157 manufacturing industries surveyed, 102 showed more
wage earners at work in December than in November and 128 showed
larger pay rolls. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries regularly
covered, 8 reported gains in employment and 13 in pay rolls.
The contraseasonal gain of 1.3 percent (119,000 workers) in factory
employment was coupled with an increase in weekly pay rolls of 5.2
percent or more than $11,300,000. The employment gain was in contrast to a seasonally expected decline of 0.9 percent or 82,000 workers
and the pay-roll expansion was about 14 times as large as the customary seasonal increase of 0.4 percent or $880,000. In only 1 year
(1919) has a more pronounced pay-roll increase been reported for
December, and in only 2 years (1919 and 1924) have larger employment gains been shown.
The December 1940 employment index for all manufacturing
industries combined stood at 116.2 on the basis of 100 for the 3-year
period 1923-25, the highest point since the series began (January
1919) and 7.8 percent above the level of a year ago. The corresponding pay-roll index (122.4) exceeded all levels since June 1920 and showed
an increase of 16.1 percent over December of last year. The 12month average index of employment in 1940 was 107.5 compared with
99.9 in 1939, and the corresponding pay-roll indexes were 105.4
and 92.2.
For the durable-goods group of industries, the employment and
pay-roll indexes in December 1940 were 117.6 and 131.6, the gains
since last year being 14.4 and 24.4 percent, respectively. The
average 1940 indexes for this group were 104.3 in employment and
107.8 in pay rolls as against 1939 averages of 90.2 and 86.2.
The December 1940 employment and pay-roll indexes for the nondurable-goods group were 114.8 and 112.1, the gains since a year
ago being 2.0 and 6.8 percent, respectively. The average indexes
for the year 1940 were 110.6 and 102.7, while for 1939 they were
109.2 and 98.9.
The durable-goods group as a whole showed employment and payroll gains between November and December 1940 of 1.8 percent and
5.2 percent, respectively, while the nondurable-goods group showed
somewhat smaller increases (0.8 percent and 5.2 percent). As in
the preceding month, most of the employment gains in the individual
industries were either larger-than-seasonal or contraseasonal, and
most of the decreases were smaller-than-seasonal. Among the many
industries showing employment gains due in part to defense orders
were the following: Foundries and machine shops (15,900); electrical
machinery (11,100); cotton goods (10,600); shipbuilding (9,300);
steel (8,900); shoes (8,300); aircraft (7,900); men's clothing (6,200);
woolen and worsted goods (3,900); brass, bronze, and copper products
(3,700); engines (3,400); and machine tools (2,900). The percentage
increases in industries recently added to the monthly report and engaged in defense work were as follows: Fire extinguishers, 10.3 percent; machine-tool accessories, 6.4 percent; ammunition, 5.8 percent;
screw-machine products, 4.9 percent; instruments and apparatus, 4.7
percent; firearms, 4.4 percent; optical goods, 4.1 percent; abrasives,
1.9 percent. The largest employment decline was in the canning
industry, which showed a seasonal recession of 16,600. Sawmills
reported 6,700 fewer workers and automobile plants a decline of less
than 1,000.
Employment in retail stores increased more than seasonally by 11.6
percent, and corresponding pay rolls increased 10.7 percent, the latter
gain being the largest December pay-roll increase recorded in the 12
years of the Bureau's survey. Both employment and pay rolls in
retail trade as a whole were at the highest levels since December 1929,
while for the general merchandising group, they were at the highest
points recorded in the Bureau's survey. Department stores took on
35.8 percent more employees to handle the holiday trade, variety
stores 50.9 percent, jewelry stores 23.7 percent, men's and boys'
apparel stores 22.8 percent, family clothing stores 16.9 percent, and
women's apparel stores 10.8 percent.
In wholesale trade the employment gain of 1 percent between
November and December was larger than the December increase
reported in any of the preceding 11 years with the exception of 1936.
This gain was reflected in all important wholesale lines with the
exception of dry goods and apparel and farm products which showed
declines of 0.4 and 1.6 percent, respectively. Wholesalers dealing in
general merchandise increased their forces by 8.7 percent; farm supplies, 5.8 percent; electrical supplies and hardware, 2.5 percent each;
leather goods and tobacco, 1.6 percent each; agents and brokers, 7.5
percent; and assemblers and country buyers, 7.3 percent.
In anthracite mines employment increased seasonally by 0.9 percent
and pay rolls rose 13.4 percent. While employmentTin anthracite
mining remained virtually unchanged over the year? "interval, the
December pay-roll level was 60 percent above that of December 1939,
indicating substantially increased production. In bituminous-coal
mines, employment increased less than seasonally by 0.2 percent,
while pay rolls showed & substantial gain of 8.1 percent. Since
December 1939, employment in this field has decreased by 2.8 percent
and pay rolls have increased 8.4 percent. Employment in metal
mines decreased seasonally by 0.4 percent since November, quarries
showed a smaller-than-seasonal employment loss of 3.5 percent, and
crude oil producers a decline of 0.6 percent.
Private building construction employment decreased much less
than seasonally (1.9 percent) from November to December, the
average November-December drop of the past 8 years being 11.3
percent. Three of the nine geographic divisions showed increased
employment, namely, the West South Central States (2.9 percent),
the South Atlantic States (3.0 percent), and the Pacific States (1.5
percent). All of the geographic divisions except the East South Central States showed increases in weekly pay rolls. General contractors
reported 2.3 percent fewer workers while special trades contractors
reported a net employment decrease of 1.8 percent. Of the fifteen
special building trades surveyed, increases were reported for structural
steel erection, plastering, elevator installation, roofing and sheet
metal work, wood flooring, ornamental metal work, and electrical
contracting. Employment decreases were reported for painting and
decorating, building insulation, carpentering, plumbing and heating,
masonry, excavating, tile and terrazzo contracting, and glazing. The
level of employment in private building construction as a whole in
December 1940 was 28.7 percent higher and weekly pay rolls 34.3
percent higher than in December 1939.
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for
class I steam railroads showed an employment decline of 1.8 percent
between November and December, the total number employed in
December being 1,024,806. Corresponding pay-roll figures for December were not available when this report was prepared. For November
they were $165,481,736, a decrease of $11,107,452 since October.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners were 39.8 in December, an increase of 3.1
percent from November. The corresponding average hourly earnings
were 68.3 cents, an increase of 0.8 percent from the preceding month.
The average weekly earnings of factory workers were $27.89, an
increase of 3.7 percent since November. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries regularly surveyed 14 reported increases in average
weekly earnings. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which
man-hours are available, 11 showed gains in average hours worked per
week and 10 reported increases in average hourly earnings.
Wage-rate increases were reported by 211 of the 33,789 manufacturing establishments which supplied employment information in
December. These increases averaged 6.3 percent and affected
74,102 of the 6,468,688 wage earners covered. Among the industries
in which substantial numbers of workers received pay raises were
sawmills (13,342), electrical machinery (8,962), steel (7,374), foundries
(7,255), chemicals (4,019), paper and pulp (2,532), and smelting and
refining (2,547). Out of a total sample of about 90,000 nonmanufacturing establishments (excluding building construction firms)
having approximately 3,000,000 employees in December, 43 estab-
Private building construction employment decreased much less
than seasonally (1.9 percent) from November to December, the
average November-December drop of the past 8 years being 11.3
percent. Three of the nine geographic divisions showed increased
employment, namely, the West South Central States (2.9 percent),
the South Atlantic States (3.0 percent), and the Pacific States (1.5
percent). All of the geographic divisions except the East South Central States showed increases in weekly pay rolls. General contractors
reported 2.3 percent fewer workers while special trades contractors
reported a net employment decrease of 1.8 percent. Of the fifteen
special building trades surveyed, increases were reported for structural
steel erection, plastering, elevator installation, roofing and sheet
metal work, wood flooring, ornamental metal work, and electrical
contracting. Employment decreases were reported for painting and
decorating, building insulation, carpentering, plumbing and heating,
masonry, excavating, tile and terrazzo contracting, and glazing. The
level of employment in private building construction as a whole in
December 1940 was 28.7 percent higher and weekly pay rolls 34.3
percent higher than in December 1939.
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for
class I steam railroads showed an employment decline of 1.8 percent
between November and December, the total number employed in
December being 1,024,806. Corresponding pay-roll figures for December were not available when this report was prepared. For November
they were $165,481,736, a decrease of $11,107,452 since October.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners were 39.8 in December, an increase of 3.1
percent from November. The corresponding average hourly earnings
were 68.3 cents, an increase of 0.8 percent from the preceding month.
The average weekly earnings of factory workers were $27.89, an
increase of 3.7 percent since November. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries regularly surveyed 14 reported increases in average
weekly earnings. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which
man-hours are available, 11 showed gains in average hours worked per
week and 10 reported increases in average hourly earnings.
Wage-rate increases were reported by 211 of the 33,789 manufacturing establishments which supplied employment information in
December. These increases averaged 6.3 percent and affected
74,102 of the 6,468,688 wage earners covered. Among the industries
in which substantial numbers of workers received pay raises were
sawmills (13,342), electrical machinery (8,962), steel (7,374), foundries
(7,255), chemicals (4,019), paper and pulp (2,532), and smelting and
refining (2,547). Out of a total sample of about 90,000 nonmanufacturing establishments (excluding building construction firms)
having approximately 3,000,000 employees in December, 43 estab-
lishments reported wage increases affecting 4,045 workers, more than
half of whom were metal miners. These increases averaged 8.5
percent. As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in
an industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to
report wage changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings for
December 1940 are given in table 1 for all manufacturing industries
TABLE 1.—Employment,
Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing
Industries
Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, December 1940
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
change from— Aver- change fromchange from—
Index
Index
age in
DeDeDecember Nocember NoNoDeDeDecember
vem- cember 1940
vem- cember 1940
1940
vem- cember
ber
ber
ber
Industry
1940
All manufacturing
combined 1
Average weekly earnings
Pay roll
Employment
industries
Class I steam railroads 2
Coal mining: 4
Anthracite 4
..
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 5s_ _
Electric light and power .._
Street railways and busses 5 8
Trade:
Wholesale 9
Retails
410
Hotels (year-round)
Laundries 4
Dyeing and cleaning 4
Brokerage
Insurance
Building construction
Water transportation 11 _ _
(1928-25
=100)
116.2 +1.3
57.4
(1989=*
100)
50.8
90.0
72.2
45.5
60.9
+.9
+.2
-.4
-3.5
79.6
91.3
68.4
+.4
92.7
107.5
92.7
100.2
103.2
+1.0
+11.6
+.3
+.6
()
76.2
-.5
-.3
1939
1940
+7.8
+1.6
Q
9 fi
— Z. o
+7.3
+3.4
-4.5
+5.1
+1.3
Q
+.6
+3.2
+2.1
+4.9
+5.9
-2.6
-12.0
-.6
+.1 +1.6
+28.7
-1.9
+.4 (3)
=100)
122.4
+5.2
()
(1929=
100)
42.7 +13.4
91.3 +8.1
73.3 +4.9
42.8
55.8
104.9
106.4
73.2
84.0
96.4
84.4
89.0
75.8
+1.2
-1.8
+1.6
-.5
+4.2
+4.0
+10.7
+1.0
+2.0
-2.5
+2.5
+1.0
+5.63
()
1940
+16.1
+60.3
+8.4
+12.8
+9.4
$27. 89 +3.7
1939
+7.7
27.60 +12.4
27.19 +7.9
31.71 +5.4
+60.7
+11.5
+5.1
+5.8
23.74 +4.9
-5.8
-1.3
33.70 - 1 . 2
+7.7 6 32.40 +1.2
+2.5
7
+3.9 • 35. 54 +( ) +2.5
+5.7
+4.9 6 34.92 +4.6
+5.5
+6.1 « 31. 31 +2.9
+1.8
+5.0 6 20.24 - . 8
+4.1 6 15.85 +.6 +2.0
+6.4
+1.4
18.40 +1.5
7
+8.5
+2.5
20.14 +( )
+.7
- 1 1 . 4 6 38. 28 +3.1
+1.2
+2.8 6 36. 75 +.9
+4.3
32.63 +7.6
+34.4
)
(3)
(3)
1
Revised indexes—Adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. See table 9 for comparable
series
back to January 1919.
2
Preliminary—Source:
Interstate Commerce Ccmmission.
3
Not
available.
4
Indexes adjusted to 1935 Census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue
of this pamphlet.
5
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 Census and public utility indexes to 1937 Census. Not comparable
with indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in the MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to
April 1940. Revised series available upon request.
* Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated
earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose
duties
are mainly supervisory.
7
Less than Mo of 1 percent.
8
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies.
9
Indexes adjusted to 1933 Census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of pam-
phlet or February 1935 and subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW.
M
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
11
Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission.
295034—41
2
6
combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, for water
transportation, and for class I railroads. Percentage changes over
the month and year intervals are also given.
Public Employment
Approximately 122,000 additional men were given jobs on construction projects financed from appropriations to regular Federal
agencies in the month ending December 15. Efforts to rush completion of army camps resulted in a gain of 151,000 on building construction projects. The number of workers engaged in building naval
vessels was increased by 6,000 during the month. Employment decreases on nondefense construction partially offset the gains on building and naval vessel construction, leaving a net gain of 122,000 over
November. Pay-roll disbursements of $82,887,000 to the 753,000
men employed on all types of projects exceeded November payments
by $17,748,000.
Seasonal curtailment of employment to the extent of about 3,000
men occurred on low-rent projects of the United States Housing
Authority. Wage payments of $4,887,000 to the 48,000 buildingtrades workers employed were $616,000 less than in November.
Employment on construction projects financed from Public Works
Administration funds fell to 25,000 in the month ending December 15,
a decrease of 6,000 from the preceding month. Pay rolls of $2,703,000
were $911,000 less than in November.
Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation furnished employment to approximately 1,800 workers
in the month ending December 15. This figure represents a slight
decrease from the preceding month. Pay-roll disbursements for the
month totaled $177,000.
Work relief projects financed by the Work Projects Administration
gave employment to 1,809,000 persons in December, an increase of
63,000 over November. Wage payments of $100,148,000 were
$9,348,000 greater than in November. The number of persons at
work on Federal agency projects financed by the Work Projects
Administration declined 7,000 in December, leaving 66,000 persons
still employed. Pay-roll disbursements totaled $3,149,000.
The National Youth Administration increased employment on both
the student-work program and the out-of-school work program in
December. A gain of 11,000 on the student-work program raised the
total to 451,000 and an increase of 65,000 on the out-of-school work
program brought the number employed up to 331,000.
The end of an enlistment period resulted in a decline of 35,000 in
the number of persons employed in camps of the Civilian Conservation. Corps. Of the 286,000 persons on the pay roll, 251,500 were
enrollees; 1,500, educational advisers; 200, nurses; and 32,800, supervisory and technical employees. Pay-roll disbursements totaled
$12,928,000.
In the regular services of the Federal Government employment
increases were reported in the executive and military branches, while
decreases were reported in the judicial and legislative branches. Of
the 1,186,000 employees in the executive service, 156,000 were working
in the District of Columbia and 1,030,000 outside the District.
Force-account employees (employees on the pay roll of the U. S.
Government who are engaged on construction projects, and whose
period of employment terminates as the project is completed) were 12
percent of the total number of employees in the executive service.
Increased employment was reported in the War, Navy, and Post
Office Departments and the Panama Canal, while decreases were
reported in the Department of Agriculture and the Department of
the Interior.
Seasonal influences were responsible for a decrease of 37,000 in the
number of men working on State-financed road projects. Of the
143,000 on the pay roll, 35,000 were engaged in the construction of
TABLE 2.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Regular Federal Services and
on Projects Financed Wholly or Partially from Federal Funds, December 1940
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
December 1940
Pay rolls
Novem- Percentber 1940
change
Federal Services:
1,185, 558 1, 111, 530
Executive 1
. _...
2,919
2,907
Judicial _ __ _
5,932
5,921
Legislative
Military
. _ _ 884, 094 821, 662
Construction projects:
Financed by regular Federal
630,848
appropriations,.
__ __ __ 752,830
50, 806
48,008
U. S. H. A. low-rent housing....
31,117
24, 676
Financed by P. W. A.*
1,826
1,775
Financed by R. F. C3
Federal agency projectsfinancedby
73, 306
66, 308
Work Projects Administration
Projects operated by W. P. A
._ 1,808, 595 1, 746,065
National Youth Administration:
439, 548
450, 547
Student work program . . .
266, 759
331, 382
0 ut-of-school program
321,157
285, 731
Civilian Conservation Corps-
December 1940
November 1940
+6.7 $183,606,341 $168, 388,802
Percentage
change
+7.6
681, 361
1, 305, 706
56, 586, 999
669, 379
1, 294, 629
52, 796, 914
+9.0
+1.8
+.9
+7.2
+19. 3
-5.5
-26.1
-2.8
82,886,826
4,886,898
2, 703,209
176,660
65,138, 967
5, 502, 764
3,614,039
191, 592
+27.2
-11.2
-12.6
-7.8
-9.5
+3.6
3,148, 501
100,148, 212
3,474, 911
90,800, 674
-9.4
+10.3
+2.5
+24.2
-11.0
3,107, 372
6, 522, 370
12,928,027
3,067, 736
5, 504,433
14,016,434
+1.3
+18.5
-7.8
-.4
-.2
4
1
Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the
extent of 174,238 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $22,819,794 for December 1940, and 164,277 employees
and pay-roll disbursements of $21,692,218 for November 1940.
2
Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act
of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed by the Work Projects Administration. Includes 4,034 wage earners and $398,741 pay roll for December 1940; 4,629 wage earners and
$473,672 pay roll for November 1940, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 19,462 wage earners and $2,205,877
pay roll for December 1940; 23,979 wage earners and $2,906,994 pay roll for November 1940, covering Public
Works Administration projects financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation
Act of 1938.
3
Includes 546 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $49,081 for December 1940; 606 employees and
pay-roll
disbursements of $63,405 for November 1940 on projects financed by the R F C Mortgage Co.
4
Revised.
8
new roads and 108,000 on maintenance. Pay-roll disbursements of
$10,890,000 were $1,787,000 less than in November.
A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal
services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal
funds is given in table 2.
The value of material orders placed on projects financed from
regular Federal appropriations during the fourth quarter of 1940
amounted to $401,358,000. Approximately 833,000 man-months of
labor were involved in the final fabrication of these materials. On
P. W. A. projects orders were placed for $13,375,000 worth of materials, for which it is estimated 27,000 man-months of labor were
required in final fabrication processes.
The value of material orders placed on the various programs
financed by Federal funds during the fourth quarter of 1940, the third
quarter of 1940, and the fourth quarter of 1939, and the man-months
of employment created in the final fabrication of the materials used
are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3.—Value of Material Orders Placed on Projects Financed Wholly or Partially
From Federal Funds and Number of Man-Months of Labor Created
[Subject to revision]
Value of material orders placed
Man-months of labor
created in final fabrication
Program
Fourth
quarter
of 1940
Third
quarter
of 1940
Fourth
quarter
of 1939
Fourth Third Fourth
quarter quarter quarter
of 1940 of 1940 of 1939
Public Works Administration l
$13,374, 552 $31,597,398 $110,913,497 27, 222 65,710 246,106
39, 586
U. S. H. A. low-rent housing
16,891,497 49,437 53,922
21,276, 497 23,636,679
4,222
1,010,378
2,071,189
Reconstruction Finance Corporation 2
1,980
3,395
1,846,261
Regular Federal appropriations
401,358,476 221,671,123 134,126,867 832,979 417, 217 255,933
Federal agency projects financed from
6,779
3,481
1,759,319
3,302,237
1,841,371
3,835
W. P. A. funds 3
182,135 173, 356
Projects operated by W. P. A
83,049,180 79,897,219
(4)
(4)
Rentals and services on projects operated
61, 488, 716
58,664, 517
by W. P. A
„
.
1
Data covering projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935, 1936, 1937, and P. W. A. A. 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed from W. P. A. funds. Includes low-rent housing
projects
financed from funds of N. I. R. A. and E. R. A. A. 1935.
2
Includes RFC Mortgage Co.
3 Includes projectsfinancedby transfer of W. P. A. funds to other Federal agencies under sec. 3, E. R. A. A.
1938,
and sec. 11-A, E. R. A. A. 1939.
4
Data not available.
DETAILED TABLES FOR DECEMBER 1940
Estimates of Nonagricultural
Employment
THE estimates of "Total nonagricultural employment," given on the
first line of table 4, represent the total number of persons engaged in
gainful work in the United States in nonagricultural industries, excluding military and naval personnel, persons employed on W. P. A.
or N. Y. A. projects, and enrollees in C. C. C. camps. The series
described as "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" also
9
excludes propri etors and firm members, self-employed persons, casual
workers, and persons in domestic service. The estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" are shown separately for
each of seven major industry groups. Tables giving figures for each
group, by months, for the period from January 1929 to date are
available on request.
TABLE 4.—Estimates oj Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups
[In thousands]
December 1940
(preliminary)
November 1940
Change
November to
December 1940
Total nonagricultural employment*..
37,168
36,628
+540
35,641
+1.527
Employees in nonagricultural establishments 2..Manufacturing-.
Mining
Construction.
Transportation and public utilities Trade
Finance, service, and miscellaneous
Federal, State, and local Government:
Civil employees
Military and naval forces 3
31, 025
10, 552
851
1,627
3,031
6,862
4,178
30,485
10,434
853
1,654
3,065
6,433
4,167
+540
+118
29,498
9,908
866
1,178
2,976
6,687
4,125
+1, 527
+644
-15
+449
+55
+175
+53
3,924
884
3,879
822
3,758
422
+166
+462
-2
-27
-34
+429
+11
+45
+62
Change
Decem- Decem1939
ber 1939 tober
December 1940
1
Revised series—Excludes military and naval forces. Also excludes employees on W. P. A. and N. Y. A.
projects, as well as enrollees in C. C. C. camps. Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons,
casual workers., and domestic servants.
2 Excludes all of the groups omitted from "total nonagricultural employment" as well as proprietors, firm
members,
self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants.
3
Not included in totals shown above. Includes members of the National Guard inducted into the Federal
service by act of Congress.
The figures represent the number of persons working at any time
during the week ending nearest the middle of each month. The
totals for the United States have been adjusted to conform to the
figures shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations for the number of
nonagricultural "gainful workers" less the number shown to have been
unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. Separate
estimates for " employees in nonagricultural establishments" are shown
in table 5 for each of the 48 States and the District of Columbia for
November and December 1940 and December 1939. Tables showing
monthly figures for each State from January 1938 to date are available
on request. Because the State figures do not include employees on
merchant vessels, and because of certain adjustments in the United
States estimates which have not been made on a State basis, the total
of the State estimates will not agree exactly with the figure for the
United States as a whole.
These estimates are based in large part on industrial censuses and
on regular reports of employers to the United States Bureau of Labor
Statistics and to other Government agencies, such as the Interstate
Commerce Commission. Data derived from employers' quarterly
reports in connection with "old age and survivors7 insurance", and
employers7 monthly reports in connection with unemployment compensation have been used extensively as a check on estimates derived
10
from other sources, and in some industries they have provided the
most reliable information available.
TABLE 5.—Estimated
Number
of Employees
in Nonagricultural
Establishments,
by
States
[Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed
forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels]
[In thousands]
Geographic division and State
New England
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
ber 1940
(preliminary)
November 1940
2,694
2 639
188
131
77
185
128
77
1,415
1,383
248
635
__.
245
621
Change
November to December 1940
Number
Percentage
+55
+3
+3
0
+32
+3
+2.0
+1.2
+2.5
-1.0
+14
8,014
3,966
1,235
2,813
7,893
3,915
1,214
2,764
+121
+51
+21
+49
7,185
1,855
7,058
1,823
2,344
1,500
2,292
1,483
+127
+32
+18
+52
+17
West North Central
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
2,407
2,377
533
409
789
78
84
206
308
532
403
773
78
85
202
304
South Atlantic
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia.
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina,South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
3,705
3,639
71
543
369
520
379
606
302
503
412
71
533
361
515
376
605
294
487
397
East South Central
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
1,439
1,409
377
466
392
204
364
460
384
201
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
1,942
1,908
185
424
301
185
415
297
1,032
1,011
779
113
86
52
224
70
90
112
32
775
113
85
52
224
69
90
109
33
2,494
2,440
438
229
432
229
1,827
1,779
East North Central
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
833
__.
Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific
Washington
Oregon
California
i Less than 0.1 per cent.
653
815
645
+8
+30
+1
+6
+16
0
-1
+4
+4
+66
0
+10
+8
+5
+3
+1
+8
+16
+15
+30
+13
+6
+8
+3
+34
0
+9
+4
+21
+4
0
+1
0
0
+1
0
+3
-1
+54
+6
0
+48
+2.4
+.9
+2.2
+1.5
+1.3
+1.7
+1.8
+1.8
+1.8
+2.2
+2.3
+1.1
+1.2
+1.2
+.1
+1.5
+2.1
+.9
-1.1
+1.8
+1.2
+ 1.8
+.9
+1.8
+2.2
+1.0
+.9
+.3
+2.9
+3.1
+3.6
+2.1
+3.4
+1.3
+2.0
+1.8
+1.8
0)
+2.1
+1.4
+2.1
+.6
0)
+1.3
+.4
-.4
+.9
+.2
+3.2
-.9
+2.2
+1.4
+.1
+2.7
Decem-
Change
December 1939 to
December 1940
Number
2, 515
+179
185
126
75
+3
+5
+2
1,321
235
573
+94
+13
+62
7,749
3,899
1,141
2, 709
+265
+67
+94
+104
6,771
1, 770
+414
+85
+52
+128
+117
+32
781
2,216
1, 383
621
2,332
519
398
772
74
81
198
290
3,467
67
499
331
484
380
595
276
469
366
+75
+14
+11
+17
+4
+3
+8
+18
+238
+4
+44
+38
+36
-1
+11
+26
+34
+46
1,360
+79
370
444
364
182
+22
+28
+22
1,833
+ 109
179
380
294
980
+44
755
111
85
50
218
67
88
106
30
2,324
408
222
1,694
+7
+6
+7
+52
+24
+2
+1
+2
+6
+3
+2
+6
+2
+170
+30
+7
+133
Percentage
+7.1
+1.2
+4.6
+2.5
+7.1
+5.3
+ 10.8
+3-4
+1.7
+8.2
+3.8
+6.1
+4.8
+6.7
+5.8
+8.4
+5.1
+3.2
+2.6
+2.7
+2.3
+5.4
+4.7
+3.9
+6.2
+6.8
+5.9
+8.7
+11.5
+7.5c
+L9
+9.3
+7.0
+12.5
+5.8
+1.8
+5.1
+7.6
+11.9
+5.9
+3.3
+11.4
+2.3
+5.3
+3.2
+ 1.8
+ 1.6
+4.3
+2.4
+3.7
+2.8
+5.6
+8.3
+7.3
+7.3
+3.4
+7.8
11
Industrial and Business Employment
Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for 157
manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; water transportation; and class I
steam railroads. The reports for the first 2 of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The figures on water transportation are
based on estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission and those
on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce
Commission. They are presented in the foregoing summary.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are based on the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100 and are adjusted to 1937 census data,
except for the aircraft industry and the transportation equipment
group, which have been adjusted on the basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics for August 1940, and for all manufacturing industries combined, the durable-goods group, and the nondurable-goods group,
which have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. They
relate to wage earners only and are computed from reports supplied
by representative manufacturing establishments in 90 of the 157
manufacturing industries surveyed. These reports cover more than
55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries
of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90
industries covered.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
and dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for
public utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are
mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum production they cover
wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting
samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from
approximately 25 percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing
and cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for
quarrying and nonmetallic mining, anthracite mining, and public
utilities.
The indexes for retail trade have been adjusted to conform in general
with the 1935 Census of Retail Distribution and are weighted by lines
of trade. For the public utilities they have been adjusted to the 1937
Census of Electrical Industries, for wholesale trade to the 1933 census,
and for coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing and
cleaning to the 1935 censuses.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries
are based on reports of the number of employees and the amount of
pay rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
112
The average weekly earnings shown in tables 6 and 7 are computed
by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As
not all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours
worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based
on data furnished by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size
and composition of the reporting sample vary slightly from month
to month. Therefore, the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly
comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed
to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the
general movement of earnings and hours over the period shown. The
changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are
based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes
from December 1939 are computed from chain indexes based on the
month-to-month percentage changes.
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE HOURS, AND
AVERAGE EARNINGS
The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in December
1940 are shown in table 6. Percentage changes from November 1940
and December 1939 are also given.
The employment and pay-roll [indexes, as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for October, November, and December, 1940, where available,
are presented in table 7. The October and November figures,
where given, may differ in some instances from those previously
published because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion
of late reports.
In table 8 indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups of manufacturing industries, and for
each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from December
1939 to December 1940, inclusive. The indexes for all manufacturing industries combined, the durable-goods group, and the nondurablegoods group have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures.
Comparable indexes for all available months and years back to
January 1919 are given in tables 9, 10, and 11. The accompanying
chart indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from
January 1919 to December 1940.
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
INDEX
120
IMDEX
1923-25 = 100
140
140
r
I
J
100 —j
J
80
1
1
//
VV
(v/3
EN/IPLC)YME
K
if I
Y R0 -LS
7
/
&
J
V*
_/
120
100
80
60
40
20
40
V
1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942
20
ADJUSTED TO 1939 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES
14
Use of Average Hourly Earnings in "Escalator" Clauses.1—Average
hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in table 6 have
been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1932.
These averages are published for the use of those who wish either to
compare the average earnings of wage earners in different industries
or to study the changes in average earnings over a period of time.
Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated.
The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group may
change from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By
reason of changes in the wages paid or (2) by reason of changes in the
composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different
periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident
that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners
employed in a high-wage industry increases proportionally more than
employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings
for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place
even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any
wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual
hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage
earners in the group. The averages contained in table 6 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods, and for the various
subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products/ 7
reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure
the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work
in each respective period.
To an increasing extent use is being made of these average hourly
earnings figures in so-called " escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that
might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise
no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have
been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments
to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly
earnings in the durable-goods industries.
It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's
average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable
to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with a certain degree of caution. The purpose for which they were compiled
limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of
change in labor rates. In these months the averages show a seasonal
movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly
earnings figure in the durable goods industries dropped from 73.2 cents
in June to 72.7 cents in July. This drop was due not to a general
decline in wages in this period but almost entirely to the fact that emi Reprint from the August EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlet.
15
ployment in the automobile industry declined sharply as the result of
model changes. This industry is a high-wage industry in which the
average hourly earnings are about 95 cents an hour. Between June
and July employment in the automobile industry dropped from 104.9
to 82.3. This relative decline, of a purely seasonable character, in the
number of highly paid automobile workers was very largely responsible for the decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in
durable-goods industries.
By way of illustration of the problem involved, it would be possible
to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in
the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at
work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries the
same weights in July and Auugst that they had in June and considering
only the influence of changes in average earnings in each industry, we
find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the published figures
from July to August. This means that from June to August, the
currently published figures show a slight decline over this 3-month
interval whereas the series computed with constant weights shows a
small gain.
It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type of
average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the contracts already drawn; least of all can the method of compiling an
average be changed. It is obvious however that in incorporating any
statistical series in legal documents careful consideration should be
given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and
to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau
are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's
series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied,
these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in
the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the
one hand a creful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the
contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to
discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in
mind.
TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, December 1940
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing/' "durable goods," and "nondurable goods," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures
The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries except "automobiles" have been adjusted to 1937 censusfiguresand are not comparable to indexes published in
pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request]
Average hours worked
per week 1
Average hourly earnings i
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Index change from— Decem- change from— Decem- change from— Decem- change from—
DecemDecember
ber
ber
ber Novem- Decem- 1940
ber
Decem- 1940
Novem- Decem- 1940 Novem- Decem- 1940 Novem- Decem1940 November
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
1940
1939
1940
1939
1940
1939
1939
1940
1939
1940
Industry
All manufacturing 2
Average weekly
earnings 1
Pay rolls
Employment
_._
Durable goods 2
Nondurable goods 2
116.2
+ 1.3
+7.8
122.4
+5.2
+16.1
$27. 89
+3.7
+7.7
39.8
+3.1
+3.1
Cents
68.3
+0.8
+3.9
117.6
114.8
+1.8
+.8
+14.4
+2.0
131.6
112.1
+5.2
+5.2
+24.4
+6.8
31.96
23.09
+3.3
+4.3
+8.7
+4.6
41.2
38.4
+2.6
+3.6
+4.5
+1.5
74.9
61.7
+.8
+.7
+3.8
+2.9
121.6
129.5
134.7
87.4
+1.9
+1.7
+5.1
+1.3
+9.2
+5.1
+12.5
+12.8
133.2
142.1
178.0
97.1
+5.7
+5.5
+10.2
+8.9
+15.5
+10.0
+25.2
+35.3
32.18
34.65
31.82
26.29
+3.7
+3.8
+4.8
+7.5
+5.8
+4.8
+10.2
+19.9
41.0
40.4
44.4
42.8
+3.4
+3.2
+4.7
+5.8
+4.1
+3.4
+5.2
+14.6
78.0
85.8
71.7
61.2
+1.8
+1.2
+4.7
+5.1
110.2
88.4
112.5
96.5
196.1
+6.1
+3.2
+2.5
+3.2
-2.1
+1.4
+21.8
+6.6
+14.9
+18.4
115.2
118.8
128.4
93.1
227.9
+6.4
+11.9
+5.0
+5.6
+8.1
+13.1
+34.8
+9.7
+19.9
+31. 2
27.21
36.28
28.03
28.04
27.26
+ 8.7
+5.5
+1.7
+3.0
+4.8
+11.6
+10.7
+3.0
+4.3
+10.7
42.4
44.7
41.2
39.8
40.8
+4.8
+5.4
+2.2
+2.2
+5.3
+2.0
+6.0
+2.0
-.7
+5.2
65.5
81.7
68.1
70.4
66.0
+.3
+.3
+.1
+1.7
+3.2
+.4 +19.1
107.8
98.8
86.0
113.2
+1.6
-.4
+9.4
+8.7
+35.0
+25.9
+28.1
+12.8
31.83
27.57
30.80
25.59
+1.1 +13.3
+1.1 +9.2
+4.7 +6.9
+10.1 +8.7
43.0
40.4
41.6
40.5
+1.7
+1.3
+3.5
+10.1
+9.6
+5.5
+5.5
+4.3
72.3
68.2
74.3
63 5
136.1
242.0
+9.8
+3-0
+33.4
+18.4
29.24
28.68
45.4
41.1
+3.8
+1.2
+5.0
-.4
65.0
69.8
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated
cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework*
„--„-,
102.6
103.1
90.4
98.9
+4.5
-1.2
+15.4
+19.9
+3.7
116.5
206.8
+4.4
+1.6
+20.2
+17.2
-1.5
+5.1
+1.3
+11.0
+1.0
-.5
+.8
-.2
-.5
+1.2
+.4
+1.1
+.1
+9.8
+4.4
+1.0
+4.8
+5.4
+3.7
+3.1
+1.4
+4.0
+5.4
+1.2
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements (including tractors)__
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies_
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation
equipment
Aircraft 4
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuilding
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices
Jewelry
_-_
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.Lumber and allied products...
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery
See footnotes a t end of table.
135.9
143.2
134.7
125.6
210.4
114.1
276.0
158.0
86.1
132.2
149.2
4, 686. 3
129.3
66.0
45.7
221.3
131.1
208.6
168.1
106.1
104.4
110.2
78.6
96.6
73.7
97.4
71.5
64.7
88.9
65.8
71.7
116.8
45.1
105.6
+3.7
+4.9
+.8
+4.2
+5.3
+3.7
+3.8
-.9
+4.1
+1.1
+2.2
+6.4
-.1
+7.1
+8.3
+8.4
+.9
-.5
+3.5
-.6
-5.6
+.3
-1.1
+1.9
-.9
+.4
+.4
-2.1
0
+.6
-3.0
-.2
-2.6
+3.1
+20.2
+9.4
+5.2
+22. 5
+75.7
+17.4
+43.6
-2.7
+.5
162.8
171.3
147.8
157.5
303.5
126.6
394.2
162.9
90.6
147.3
+9.0
+6.8
+2.7
+8.6
+11.1
+10.3
+10.9
+4.7
+13.2
-11.3
+3.8
+26.9 168.9 +1.7
+123. 2 5, 257.0 +4.9
+9.4 144.8 - 3 . 8
62.3 +16.0
+26.6
50.1 +15.0
+63.2
+58.7 290.1 +21.4
+ 16.1 149.6 +5.6
+22.4 264.0 +1.9
+22.0 219.3 +8.8
+14.0 119.6 - 1 . 8
97.3
+5.8
+3.2
+12.4 102.0 +1.9
85.2
+2.5
+4.8
+11.1 102.6 +7.1
+3.7
71.5
+.8
92.6
+2.7
+2.5
+12.4
59.7
+2.6
-.9
60.4
+2.1
+6.3
85.8
+4.4
57.2
+5.2
+5.3
-.7
72.4
+8.0
+7.6 137.6 +5.2
-7.0
33.3
+4.6
+11.3 101.3 +5.1
+33.3
+13.1
+12.3
+37.9
+93.8
+28.4
+53.9
+9.5
+5.8
+21.2
+34.7
+156. 9
+13.2
+33.1
+82.5
+90.8
+28.4
+34.1
+38.0
+23.3
+12.6
+20.4
+11.9
+16.8
+9.7
+8.4
+14.9
+9.0
+12.3
+11.0
+14.4
+15.8
-4.3
+12.4
33.13
31.87
34.15
32.62
38.17
32.85
39.56
25.49
28.94
27.31
35.96
32.45
36.54
29.67
33.55
39.11
31.63
30.90
35.74
25.15
25.75
28.92
31.20
29.92
21.06
22.64
23.01
19.29
26.25
22.52
28.88
28.77
25.72
24.47
+5.2 +10.9
+1.9 +3.4
+1.8 +6.7
+4.2 +12.6
+5.5 +10.4
+6.3 +9.2
+6.9 +7.2
+5.6 +12.5
+8.7 +5.3
-12.2 +16.7
+6.2
-.5
- 1 . 5 +10.6
-3.7
+3.5
+8.3 +5.1
+6.1 +11.8
+12.0 +20.3
+4.7 +10.6
+2.4 +9.6
+5.1 +13.1
-1.2
+8.3
+9.3 +6.3
+1.6 +7.3
+6.0 +9.2
+5.1 +5.1
+1.8 +5.8
+2.1 +5.5
+2.3 +2.1
+1.2 +6.5
+4.3 +5.6
+4.7 +5.4
+2.4 +6.0
+5.4 +7.7
+7.3 +3.0
+2.0 +1.0
43.6
39.5
41.1
43.0
45.4
43.6
50.6
40.5
42.8
41.7
40.2
44.6
38.5
39.2
41.9
42.8
42.7
42.0
44.5
40.8
41.4
40.7
46.3
40.1
39.5
41.0
41.7
38.0
38.2
38.5
40.5
37.7
36.5
38.1
+3.9
+1.4
+1.5
+2.9
+5.1
+5.0
+5.2
+3.1
+7.3
-8.4
-.2
+.5
+4.7
+4.9
+11.4
+3.1
+1.6
+4.3
-2.0
+5.0
-.9
+4.9
+4.0
+1.3
+1.8
+1.3
+.8
+3.0
+3.4
+2.4
+3.1
+7.0
+1.3
-3.4
+5.7
+.7
+4.9
+7.3
+5.5
+4.9
+5.2
+4.4
+2.9
+14.4
+5.1
+5.6
+1.2
+1.3
+8.5
+13.0
+4.8
+4.1
+5.6
+5.1
+5.6
+3.1
+5.2
+1.0
+2.2
+2.0
76.1
81.0
-.9
55.3
50.7
+2.7
+2.5
+2.9
+4.5
+3.9
+1.0
-2.0
84.1
76.6
83.6
75.5
78.1
63.0
67.8
65.4
90.0
75.4
95.0
75.1
80.0
90.3
73.8
73.5
80.5
61.1
61.6
71.3
68.0
74.6
52.8
55.5
68.0
58.2
71.2
76.4
71.1
63.8
+1.2
+.4
+.3
+1.2
+.3
+1.4
+1.6
+2.4
+1.4
-4.3
-.1
-.1
-.3
+2.8
+1.2
+1.4
+1.6
+.9
+.8
+.8
+4.5
+2.5
+1.1
+1.1
+.4
0
+.9
+.4
+1.2
+1.3
_(3)
+2.2
+.3
+.4
+4.3
+2.5
+2.3
+4.9
+4.2
+3.9
+1.8
+8.1
+2.3
+1.9
+ 1.4
+2.8
+2.2
+3.2
+3.0
+6.4
+5.6
+5.5
+6.8
+3.1
+1.7
+3.8
+4.9
+4.2
+3.4
+3.6
+2.9
+3.6
+2.8
+2.1
+1.4
+3.6
+1.2
+4.3
TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing
Industries, December
1940—Continued
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," and "nondurable goods," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures.
The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries except "automobiles" have been adjusted to 1937 censusfiguresand are not comparable to indexes published in
pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request]
Pay rolls
Employment
Industry
Average weekly
earnings
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Average hours worked
per week
Percentage
ber
1940
ber
1940
1939
ber
1940
ber
ber
1939
1940
ber
1939
ber
1940
ber
1939
+3.5
+3.0
+3.7
+2.8
+2.4
+4.7
+6.6A
+1.9
+2.1
+.7
+1.4
+2.5
+2.7
-2.9
+1.0
+7.1
-.2
+7.0
+1.9
+4.6
+1.5
+.7
+3.0
+3.4
+6.1
Nondurable goods
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs....
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares—
_
Dyeing andfinishingtextiles
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
_
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods..
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments.
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars
leather and its manufactures.
Boots and shoes
Leather...
,
,-,
Percentage
Index change from— Index change from— Decem- change from— Decem- change from— Decem- change from—
DecemDecember
ber
ber
ber Novem- Decem- ber Novem- Decem- 1940
Novem- Decem- 1940 Novem- Decem- 1940 Novem- Decem1940
Textiles and their products
Average hourly earnings
107.0
100.4
82.4
100.5
89.6
134.3
83.9
146.2
71.4
77.4
147.5
65.3
100.9
117.3
108.1
164.5
112.8
123.9
60.8
122.1
90.6
88.0
85-8
+1.4 +1.3
+1.7 +1.9
+.9 - 2 . 4
+2.4 +3.8
+2.7 - 1 . 5
+1.8
+.9
+2.4 - 8 . 1
+.9 - 1 . 4
- 2 . 5 +10.2
+1.2 - 1 . 9
-1.6
+2.4
+.2 -13.2
+2.2 +10.6
+.3
+.9
+3.2 —
+2.8
(3)
-.6
-.4
-3.5
-.2
+1.2
+4.1
+4.6
+2.3
-2.8
-3.9
-8.0
-.3
-2.8
-3.1
-1.4
+6.6
+6.8
+.6
+7.1
+4.8
+4.2
-8.1
+.9
- 3 . 2 +23.2
+2.4 +2.5
+.3 +11.5
+4.3 -10.0
+8.3 +22.8
+6.7 +6.0
95.6
86.2 +12.8
+7.5
125.7
+5.0 +7.1
122.6
+1.2 +2.9
133.9
-4.6
+6.3
41.5
+1.4 -10.9
115.0
+1.9 +3.6
78.5 +14.6
+4.1
73.2 +17.0
+4.2
89.5
+8,1 +3.5
97.6
95.6
76.2
98.0
91.5
121.2
81.5
160.4
61.5
74.2
129.8
54.4
96.3
+5.7
+5.2
+4.3
+6.2
+5.0
+6.8
+12.2
— (3)
18.46
18.28
25.64
15.70
19.87
22.11
26.78
19.57
17.89
16.14
19.64
17.13
22.15
+4.2
+3.4
+3.4
+3.6
+2.3
+4.9
+9.6
-.9
-.8
+1.2
+1.9
+4.1
+6.0
18.98
+5.8
20.31
+9.3
20.05
+5.7
18.23
+1.6
-1.1
16.47
20.39
+1.6
14.75
+.7
20.45 +10.0
19.07 +12.0
2.6.16
+5.7
+5.2
+4.7
+3.1
+3.2
+6.3
+3.3
+.1
+2.2
+11.8
+4.8
+9.1
+3.7
+11.1
+5.6
+4.6
+7-1
+5.7
+10.8
-3.1
+4.0
+7.0
+7.6
+4.9
36.7
37.9
37.9
38.0
39.9
40.3
35.6
35.7
36.4
36.6
39.3
37.3
38.9
34.3
33.5
34.7
37.3
36.5
29.7
35.0
37.1
36.4
39.9
-L2
+1.1
+2.1
+3.6
+5.8
+4.3
+8.1
+3.3
+3.3
-1.4
+3.9
+1.0
+10.9
+12.5
+5.8
ber
1940
Cents
50.7
48.8
67.6
41.3
49.8
54.7
74.7
54.9
48.2
44.1
50.0
45.8
56.9
-.5
54.4
60.3
53.9
48.5
43.0
63.6
41.9
+3.3
+3.4
+2.6
55.8
53.3
65.9
-9.3
+0.6
+.4
-.4
+.7
-.2
+.6
+2.6
-.2
+.2
+.5
+.8
+.1
+.9
+.6
+1.6
+•1
-3.7
+1.0
-.3
-.3
+.3
ber
1939
+2.4
+2.5
+2.3
+1.7
+3.7
+1.1
+4.1
+.7
+3.8
+4.9
+2.1
+1.7
+5.9
+2.2
+1.9
+1.6
+3.2
+6.7
+3.3
+3.6
+4.7
+5.3
+2.2
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
_..
Flour
Icecream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
_
130.4
144.1
260.2
94.5
103.3
100.5
77.8
69.3
125.0
235.8
94.2
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
65.6
57.4
66.6
_
Paper and printing
_._
_
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals
.__
119.9
125.2
115.9
105.3
121.1
Chemical, petroleum, and coal products
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
125 5.
119.8
126.9
149.9
123.5
115.7
146.7
95.0
126.2
315.1
84.8
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods other
97.5
66.9
76.9
166.6
See footnotes at end of table.
-1.6
-1.0
-1.1
-4.9
-16.1
-1.9
-1.6
-2.3
+3.5
+.7
-1.1
-.5
-.2
+2.1
+1.9
+4.7
-1.2
+1.9
+7.5 +11.5
-14.9 +22.9
-1.8
-.3
+3.0
-5.6
+1.2
+1.2
+.2
+.7
+1.2
+2.0
+2.6
-2.2
-.7
+.2
+2.7
+1.5
+.2
+.5
-.8
-2.1
+.4
+1.3
+3.8
+9.0
+7.4
-2.6
+36.0
-7.0
+1.6
+.9
-2.7
-.4
__
Q
+3.1
+.2
+.2
+.3
+3.3
+9.7
+2.3
+2.3
-.3
+4.8
+6.1
+2.9
+6.5
132.4
137.7
299.4
83.8
92.7
103.0
72.8
60.9
137.3
265.1
85.1
67.4
69.8
67.0
120.7
145.3
128.5
97.9
116.0
144.0
139.0
145.5
187.9
121.7
130.5
196.0
80.9
138.9
334.4
106.3
+2.8
-.4
-1.0
+1.9
-7.8
+2.9
+.7
-.2
+15.5
-8.0
+1.6
+1.5
+5.0
+1.2
+4.6
+.9
+3.8
+8.7
+3.2
+3.2
+4.2
+2.8
+3.4
3
+ (- ). 3
+5.1
+4.9
+2.3
+.9
+6.1
111.1
+8.9
81.3 +23.7
96.4
+7.4
173.9
+6.8
+6.4
+2.8
+.2
+7.3
+3.8
+3.2
+.8
+6.3
+13.0
+52.8
+12.2
+8.2
+3.8
+8.8
+3.3
+6.1
+4.8
+4.0
+.9
+7.9
+1.0
+10.2
+15.7
+10.4
-1.3
+52.3
-1.5
+6.5
+6.5
+4.1
+10.5
+23.8
+7.2
+11.9
25.78
26.39
33.60
23.32
17.09
19.86
25.12
30.15
28.77
29.07
25.58
18.70
19.60
18.53
30.37
23.20
27.30
32.28
38.38
30.90
36.00
28.92
33.33
15.94
25.56
36.84
15.47
30.18
27.15
29.54
31.13
27.92
36.59
25.39
+4.4
+.6
+.1
+7.1
+9.9
+4.9
+2.3
+2.2
+7.4
+8.1
+.9
+3.3
+1.9
+3.5
+3.4
+1.6
+3.6
+5.8
+1.7
+3.1
+5.0
+2.5
+2.1
+2.9
+.1
+5.4
+1.1
+2.2
+.7
+5.8
+5.4
+12.8
+5.1
+4.5
+2.8
+3.4
+.4
+4.8
+2.1
-1.4
+2.0
+4.2
+1.3
+24.2
+13.5
+8.4
+10.2
+8.3
+2.1
+5.8
+4.1
+2.9
—1.1
+5.1
+3.3
+6.3
+6.2
+2.8
+1.2
+11.9
+5.1
+4.7
+5.5
+5.2
+5.4
+16.7
+4.3
+5.1
40.6
41.0
38.0
46.6
34.4
40.2
40.7
44.7
42.3
53.2
38.9
+3.4
+.3
+.6
+5.2
+3.4
+3.3
+1.5
+2.3
+8.5
+7.3
38.1
37.0
38.2
+2.5
+5.7
+2.2
+2.7
-.4
+1.6 +2.5
+2.7 - 1 . 6
+4.4 +( 3 )
+1.8 - 2 . 3
+2.3 +2.1
+4.9 +2.1
+1.5 +2.0
+1.1 +1.6
+3.3
+.9
-.2
-2.3
+3.6 +4.6
+4.5 +3.6
+1.6 +1.7
+.1
+1.2
+3.6 +1.5
+4.7 +4.0
+9.3 +12.1
+4.5 +4.0
+3.4 +1.4
39.3
41.2
41.3
39.9
35.9
39.6
37.3
40.4
40.8
46.5
39.5
40.9
35.4
40.8
39.1
40.3
39.7
43.9
37.8
40.4
-1.6
+.3
+1.3
-1.8
+3.6
-4.1
-3.6
+.6
-.1
+.5
+18.8
+7.3
+6.9
+8.4
+6.6
64.1
64.4
88.7
49.8
51.0
49.8
60.8
65.8
68.0
56.2
65.8
49.0
53.5
48.5
79.9
56.7
66.0
81.3
103.8
76.6
96.8
70.1
81.6
33.1
61.2
89.3
43.7
73.7
69.4
73.3
78.4
63.6
97.1
63.4
+1.5
+.5
-.6
+1.8
+6.9
+.5
-.1
+(- 3. )8
+2.1
+2.5
+.9
-2.5
+1.3
+.9
+.3
+.8
+.7
+.8
+.5
3
+(+.8
)
+1.0
+.3
+.2
+1.7
-3.2
+.7
+.6
+2.1
+.7
+3.1
+.4
+.9
+2.1
+2.5
+2.0
+2.5
+2.9
+.5
+.8
+2.6
+.8
+6.3
+5.7
+1.7
+2.1
+2.0
+3.8
+3.5
+5.7
+2.4
+2.0
+8.3
+1.0
+4.9
+4.7
+1.2
+4.1
+7.1
+1.4
+3.2
+4.2
+3.6
+1.3
+4.2
+.3
+3.5
TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, December 1940—Continued
NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Industry-
Coal mining:
Anthracite 85 e
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
C rude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph "< 8
Electric light and power 7 8 7 8 9
Street railways and busses
.
Trade:
Wholesale 7 io
Retail" s
Food s
General merchandising " 8_.
Apparel 8 8
Furniture 8
Automotive
.
Lumber 8
Average weekly
earnings
Pay rolls
Employment
Average hours worked
per week
Average hourly earnings
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change from— Index change from— Index change from— Index change from— Index change from—
DecemDecemDecemDecemDecember Novem- Decem- ber Novem- Decem- ber Novem- Decem- ber Novem- Decem- ber Novem- Decem1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
1940
1939
1940
1940
1939
1939
1940
1939
1940
1939
50.8
90.0
72.2
45.5
60.9
+0.9
+.2
79.6
91.3
68.4
+.4
92.7
107.5
105.8
151.3
102.5
81.8
86.8
76.0
+1.0
+11.6
+1.1
+35.8
+12.0
+5.1
+1.0
-.4
-3.5
-.6
-.5
-.3
-1.8
42.7
91.3
73.3
42.8
55.8
+13.4
+8.1
+4.9
+1.2
+5.1
+1.3
104.9
106.4
73.2
+1.6
+.6
+3.2
84.0
96.4
97.9
131.0
92.7
75.1
84.2
72.5
-0.3
-2.8
+7.3
+3.4
-4.5
-.9
-.2
+3.3
+2.4
-1.4
+6.1
+3.5
-1.8
-.5
+4.2
+4.0
+10.7
+1.2
+34.4
+11.7
+7.1
+2.3
+.7
+60.3 $27. 60 +12.4
27.19
+7.9
+8.4
31.71
+5.4
+12.8
23.74
+4.9
+9.4
+60.7
+11.5
+5.1
+5.8
29.7
31.0
42.5
40.6
36.7
+1.2
+2.5
+2.5
+5.7
+5.5
+1.8
+1.6
+.8
+1.1
+1.3
+4.0
+1.2
39.8
39.2
47.4
-5.8
33.70
+7.7
+3.9
+4.9
+6.1
+5.0
+1.5
+4.1
+3.6
32.40
35.54
34.92
-.1
+10.4
+4.8
31.31
20.24
23.76
17.16
20.91
28.83
29.30
26.65
-1.2
+4.6
+2.9
-.8
+.1
-1.0
o
+L9
+1.3
+2.6
-1.3
41.6
43.0
43.4
39.9
38.9
44.9
47.4
42.5
+13.4
+8.3
+4.4
+4.5
-2.8
-.1
-1.5
+4.3
+2.1
+1.6
+.7
+4.8
+2.3
+2.0
+1.4
+2.5
+57.4
+11.7
+2.3
+2.2
-3.4
+1.2
-1.5
+4.5
+.2
C 111 )
0)
(11)
(11)
(11)
Cents
92.0
89.0
74.9
59.0
89.6
81.8
90.8
73.1
75.2
52.1
52.5
42.8
54.1
67.9
62.4
63.4
-0.6
+.1
+.8
+1.0
+1.6
+1.3
+1.7
+.7
+.7
-3.0
+1.0
+.2
+2.8
+3.5
+2.1
+1.3
+4.2
+2.4
+5.2
-.5
(H)
-5.2
-2.3
-1.2
(ii)
(ii)
(ii)
(ii)
(ii)
—.1
+.1
Hotels (year-round)
«7
Laundries 5
Dyeing and cleaning 5
Brokerage 77
Insurance
Building construction
92. 7
100. 2
103. 2
00
00
00
+.3
+.6
-2.6
-.6
+.1
-1.9
+2.1
+4.9
+5.9
-12.0
+1.6
4-28.7
84. 4
89. 0
75. 8
00
00
00
+1.0
+2.0
-2.5
+2.5
+1.0
+5.6
i Revised series. Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive,
and b y months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average
hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied b y a smaller number
of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish manhours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes
in the size and composition of the reporting sample.
* See tables 9,10, and 11 for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing
and back to January 1923 for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups.
3 Less than Mo of*l percent.
4
Revised series—Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey made b y the
Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published
indexes from January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period
given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of this pamphlet.
5 Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in
January 1938 issue of pamphlet.
6
See table 7 of October 1940 issue for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average
hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive.
+4.1
+6.4
+8.5
-11.4
+2.8
+34.4
15.85
18.40
20.14
38.28
36.75
32.63
_|_ 6
5
+1
+3
+7
1
9
6
+2.0
+1.4
+2.5
+.7
+1.2
+4.3
26.2
43.1
42.3
00
00
33.8
+.2
+2.0
+.9
00
00
+7.1
+ 67
+!
+i. 6
00
00
+3. 0
33.7
42.8
48.9
1
—# 7
— 9
00
00
00
00
96.7
5
+1.6
+.8
-.1
00
00
+1.5
7
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
8
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census.
Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY
LABOR R E V I E W S prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has
been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable
series for earlier months available upon request.
9
Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance."
10
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of pamphlet.
11
Not available.
12
Cash payments only: additional value of board, room, and tips not included.
* August and September 1940 average hourly earnings revised to 70.2 and 70.7 cents,
respectively, and corresponding average weekly hours revised to 39.7 and 40.2.
TABLE 7.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanujacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," and "nondurable goods," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures.
The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries except "automobiles" have been adjusted to 1937 census figures and are not comparable to indexes published in
pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request]
Employment index
Industry
All manufacturing2
Durable goods 2 _ 2
Nondurable goods _
Average weekly
earnings 1
Average hours worked
per week l
Average hourly
earnings i
Decem- Novem- Octo- Decem- Novem- Octo- Decem- Novem- Octo- Decem- Novem- Octo- Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
ber
_____
Pay-roll index
____..
_.
1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
1940
116.2
114.7
113.8
122.4
116.4
116.2
$27.89
$28.93
$27.13
39.8
38.6
117.6
114.8
115.5
113.9
112.8
114.8
131.6
112.1
125.1
106.6
123.4
108.1
31.96
23.09
31.11
22.08
31.42
22.28
41.2
38.4
121.8
129.5
134.7
87.4
119 3
127.3
128.1
86.3
117 1
125.2
121. 3
83.9
138 2
142.1
178.0
97.1
126.0
134.6
161.5
89.2
123.6
131.0
149.5
84.8
32.18
34.65
31.82
26.29
31.01
33.43
30.30
24.57
30.97
33.04
29.68
24.10
110.2
88.4
112.5
96.5
196.1
112.6
83.3
109.0
94.1
190.1
111.3
80.4
105.3
91.0
189.4
115.2
118.8
128.4
93.1
227.9
108.3
106.2
122.3
8S.2
210.7
106.3
102.2
118.8
85.1
217.8
27.21
36.28
28.03
28.04
27.26
25.10
34.39
27.56
27.18
26.00
102.6
103.1
90.4
98.9
102.2
104 7
86.5
100.2
99.4
105.9
"85.6
101.4
107.8
98.8
86.0
113.2
106.1
99.2
78.7
104.1
102.5
105.9
79.6
113.1
31.83
27.57
30.80
25.59
116.5
206.8
111.6
203.5
106.0
190.6
136.1
242.0
124.0
235.1
113.3
226.3
135.9
143.2
131.1
136.6
127.3
134.9
162.8
171.3
149.3
160.4
134.7
125.6
133.6
120.6
132.0
116.1
147,8
157.5
14i.O
145.0
145.3
158.8
142.1
138.2
1940
1940
1940
39.3
Cents
68.3
Cents
67.8
Cents
67.3
40.2
37.1
41.0
37.6
74.9
61.7
74.4
61.3
73.9
60.9
41.0
40.4
44.4
42.8
39.6
39.1
42.4
40,6
39.9
38.8
42.4
39.8
78.0
85.8
71.7
61.2
78.1
85.7
71.5
60.3
77.8
85.1
70.0
60.2
25.02
34.30
27.74
27.26
26.96
42.4
44.7
41.2
39.8
40.8
40.8
42.4
40.4
38.8
38.9
40.9
42.8
40.6
39.2
40.8
65.5
81.7
68.1
70.4
66.0
63.4
81.7
68.3
70.0
66.3
62.2
80.8
68.4
69.5
66.2
31.47
27.26
29.26
23.47
31.34
28.78
30.02
25.16
43.0
40.4
41.6
40.5
43.2
39.8
40.0
37.0
43.2
41.9
41.0
40.0
72.3
68.2
74.3
63.5
73.0
68.1
73.2
63.5
72.7
68.4
73.3
63.2
29.24
28.68
27.82
28.45
26.81
29.26
45.4
41.1
43.4
40.7
42.2
41.9
65.0
69.8
64.3
69.9
63.7
69.9
33.13
31.87
34.15
32.62
31.65
31.29
31.71
31.41
43.6
39.5
42.0
39.0
42.4
39.2
78.1
81.0
75.2
80.6
74.9
80.2
33.77
31.61
33.68
31.36
41.1
40.6
40.5
41.7
84.1
76,6
83.9
75.7
83.6
75.2
1940
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated
cutlery) and edge tools _
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
_
_.
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings _ _.
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework*
.
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements (including tractors)._
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
43.0
41.9
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
—
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
_
Typewriters and parts
_
Transportation
equipment
Aircraft 3
Automobiles
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuildings.
__.
Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devicesJewelry
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware.
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
l u m b e r and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, title, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery
263.4
111. 7
352.3
164.3
78.8
163.2
38.17
32.85
39.56
25.49
28.94
27.31
36.21
30.99
36.85
23.97
26.56
31.13
36.74
31.18
37.73
24.74
27.24
31.52
45.4
43.6
50.6
40.5
42.8
41.7
43.2
41.6
48.0
39.2
39.9
45.5
44.4
42.1
49.1
40.1
41.0
45.8
83.6
75.5
78.1
63.0
67.8
65.4
83.4
74.5
76.8
61.3
66.7
68.4
82.2
74.0
76.9
61.8
66.5
163.9
163.3
139.5
166.1
149.2
146.0
4,686.3 4,402.3 4,115. 9 5,257. 0 5,012. 9 4, 639.4
125.1
129.5
144.8
150.5
149.3
129.3
56.2
61.6
62.3
53.7
50.3
66.0
39.3
42.2
50.1
43.6
40.1
45.7
197.4
290.1
239.0
244.3
221.3 204.2
35.96
32.45
36.54
29.67
33.55
39.11
36.39
32.93
38.11
27.40
31.61
34.91
37.39
32.62
39.24
28.12
31.24
36.93
40.2
44.6
38.5
39.2
41.9
42.8
40.4
44.3
39.9
37.4
40.0
38.6
41.6
44.3
41.3
37.7
40.2
41.7
90.0
75.4
95.0
75.1
80.0
90.3
90.2
75.5
95.5
73.0
79.0
89.1
75.0
95.1
74.3
77.8
87.7
210.4
114.1
276.0
158.0
86.1
132.2
199.7
110.1
265.9
159.4
82.7
130.7
190.4
106.7
257. 9
163.6
79.7
126.8
303.5
126.6
394.2
162.9
90.6
147.3
273.2
114.8
355.4
155.7
80.1
166.0
131.1
208.6
168.1
106.1
104.4
110.2
78.6
96.6
129.9
209.6
162.4
106.7
110.5
109.8
79.6
94.8
126.1
203.0
154.9
104.6
110.8
106.8
76.7
94.6
149.6
264.0
219.3
119.6
97.3
102.0
85.2
102.6
141.6
259.0
201.6
121.7
94.4
100.0
81.4
95.8
136.3
249.7
190.0
119.1
97.8
96.5
78.2
93.4
31.63
30.90
35.74
25.15
25.75
28.92
31.20
29.92
30.02
30.01
33.98
25.39
23.57
28.45
29.44
28.46
30.00
29.91
33.64
25.35
24.37
28.22
29.34
27.82
42.7
42.0
44.5
40.8
41.4
40.7
46.3
40.1
41.4
41.3
42.6
41.6
39.6
40.8
44.1
38.4
42.0
41.4
43.4
42.0
42.0
40.7
44.3
38.3
73.8
73.5
80.5
61.1
61.6
71.3
68.0
74.6
72.7
72.7
79.9
60.6
59.0
69.5
67.6
74.0
71 2
72.2
77.7
60.3
58.0
69.2
67.3
72.7
73.7.
97.4
74.4
97.0
74.4
96.8
71.5
92.6
70.9
90.4
73.7
91.3
21.06
22.64
20.75
22.23
21.49
22.49
39.5
41.0
38.9
40.2
4.07
41.3
52.8
55.5
52.6*
55.5
52.4
54.7
71.5
64.7
71.2
66.1
69.3
66.6
59.7
60.4
58.2
60.9
58.4
65.1
23.01
19.29
22.55
19.06
23.30
20.23
41.7
38.0
41.2
37.7
42.6
40.0
55.3
50.7
54.8
50.5
54.7
50.6
88.9
65.8
71.7
116.8
45.1
105. 6
88.9
65.5
73.9
117.0
46.3
102.4
87.5
65.0
75.7
113.2
47.9
98.0
85.8
57.2
72.4
137.6
33.3
101.3
82.2
54.4
72.9
130.8
31.9
96.3
83.0
55.1
75.5
129.8
37.3
92.8
26.25
22.52
28.88
28.77
25.72
24.47
25.17
21.47
28.22
27.26
23.96
24.00
25.75
21.87
28.55
27.90
27.03
24.06
38.2
38.5
40.5
37.7
36.5
38.1
37.1
37.4
39.5
36.6
34.0
37.6
38.1
38.5
39.9
37.4
37.8
37.9
68.0
58.2
71.2
76.4
71.1
63.8
67.1
57.2
71.2
74.6
70.8
63.6
67.1
56.6
71.6
74.7
71.7
63.4
107.0
100.4
82.4
100.5
89.6
134.3
83.9
146.2
71.4
77.4
147.5
65.3
100.9
105.5
98.7
81.6
98.1
87.3
132.0
81.9
144.9
73.2
76.5
150.0
65.2
98.7
104.5
96.1
79.6
95.1
83.2
128.6
80.0
142.8
75.3
76.0
157.3
64.6
94.X
97.6
95.6
76.2
98.0
91.5
121.2
81.5
160.4
61.5
74.2
129.8
54.4
96.3
92.3
90.9
73.1
92.3
87.1
113.5
72.6
160.4
63.5
72.5
129.5
52.2
88.9
93.2
89.5
72.8
90.3
83.0
111.4
66.9
158.1
65.6
72.1
136.3
52.4
87.6
18.46
18.28
25.64
15.70
19.87
22.11
26.78
19.57
17.89
16.14
19.64
17.13
22.15
17.80
17.71
24.80
15.24
19.39
21.07
24.49
19.67
18.15
16.02
19.24
16.43
20.92
18.10
17.95
25.31
15.41
19.41
21.15
23.19
19.68
18.22
16.03
19.34
16.63
21,62
36.7
37.9
37.9
38.0
39.9
40.3
35.6
35.7
36.4
36.6
39.3
37.3
38.9
35.5
36.8
36.6
37.0
39.1
38.6
33.6
36.0
36.9
36.3
38.7
36.0
36.8
35.9
37.3
37.5
37.2
39.2
39.1
31.1
36.1
37.4
36.7
39.6
36.6
38.2
50.7
48.8
67.6
41.3
49.8
54.7
74.7
54.9
48.2
44.1
50.0
45.8
56.9
50.4
48.7
67.9
41.2
49.7
54.3
72.8
54.7
48.4
44.2
49.5
45.4
56.9
50.9
48.7
67.5
41.4
49.6
53,9
73.0
54.8
47.9
43.8
48.2
45.3
56,6,
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
See footnotes a t end of table,
...
„
TABLE 7.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings In Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," and "nondurable goods," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures.
The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries except "automobiles" have been adjusted to 1937 census figures and are not comparable to indexes published in
pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request]
Industry
Employment index
Pay-roll index
Average weekly
earnings
Average hours worked
per week
Average hourly
earnings
Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
Nondurable goods—Continued
Textles and their products—Continued.
Wearing apparel.
_ . _ _
Clothing, m e n ' s
Clothing, women's _ _ _ _ _
Corsets and allied garmentsMen's furnishings
Millinery. _
Shirts and collars
Leather and its manufactures _
Boots and shoes
__
Leather
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter_
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
_
Flour .
___
Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet __
Sugar refining, cane
_.
_
.
..
_______
_
- -
_-
__ _
-_ ._
._
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff __ __
Cigars and cigarettes
18.49
15.96
21.62
14.91
34.3
33.5
34.7
37.3
36.5
29.7
35.0
33.0
31.1
33.7
36.1
37.2
28.6
34.8
33.4
31.5
33.8
38.0
36.8
30.6
35.6
Cents
54.4
60.3
53.9
48.5
43.0
63.6
41.9
Cents
53.9
60.1
53.1
48.5
43.1
66.1
41.7
Cents
55.2
60.2
55.0
48.3
42.1
64.4
41.8
18.59
17.03
24.57
19.28
17.93
25.04
37.1
36.4
39.9
33.5
32.4
37.9
34.8
34.0
38.3
55.8
53.3
65.9
55.9
53.4
65.8
55.7
53.3
65.7
25.78
26.39
33.60
23.32
17.09
19.86
25.12
30.15
28.77
29.07
25.58
24.43
26.20
33.61
21.77
15.54
19.05
24.59
29.61
26.82
26.81
25.36
23.82
26.31
33.83
22.60
16.11
19.63
25.98
30.03
27.64
20.98
24.71
40.6
41.0
38.0
46.6
34.4
40.2
40.7
44.7
42.3
53.2
38.9
39.3
41.0
38.0
44.3
33.4
38.7
40.2
43.7
39.0
49.3
39.5
40.0
41.5
38.7
45.2
37.6
40.1
42.0
44.4
40.3
36.4
38.2
64.1
64.4
88.7
49.8
51.0
49.8
60.8
65.8
68.0
56.2
65.8
63.2
64.0
89.3
48.7
48.0
49.5
60.9
65.8
68.6
55.1
64.1
61.0
63.5
88.3
48.9
44.0
49.3
61.2
65.8
68.4
57.0
64.6
18.70
19.60
18.53
18.14
19.21
17.95
18.25
19.28
18.05
38.1
37.0
38.2
37.2
35.0
37.4
37.6
35.7
37.8
49.0
53.5
48.5
48.6
54.9
47.9
48.4
54.3
47.8
117.3
108.1
164.5
112.8
123.9
60.8
122.1
116.3
104.7
165.5
113.2
128.4
60.9
120.6
118.9
104.3
171.5
112.6
127.7
76.1
122.0
95.6
86.2
125.7
122.6
133.9
41.5
115.0
89.6
76.4
119.7
121.1
140.4
40.9
112.8
94.8
77.3
131.2
124.2
133.8
55.3
114.5
$18.98
20.31
20.05
18.23
16.47
20.39
14.75
$18.05
18.71
19.00
17.95
16.65
20.07
14.77
$18. 53
18.96
90.6
88.0
85.8
87.0
84.1
83.9
90.0
88.4
81.6
78.5
73.2
89.5
68.5
62.5
82.8
73.4
69.1
81.6
20.45
19.07
26.16
130.4
144.1
260.2
94.5
103.3
100.5
77.8
69.3
125.0
235.8
94.2
132.5
145.5
263.0
99.4
123.2
102.4
79.0
70.9
116.2
277.0
93.5
141.3
145.9
271.3
95.7
201.5
102.0
80.6
73.8
109.6
266.9
95.0
132.4
137.7
299.4
83.8
92.7
103.0
72.8
60.9
137.3
265.1
85.1
128.8
138.3
302.3
82.2
100.6
100.1
72.3
61.0
118.9
288.0
83.7
134.2
139.2
314.4
81.6
170.5
103.2
77.9
64.0
115.8
217.1
82.9
65.6
57.4
66.6
66.8
55.8
68.1
66.5
56.6
67.7
67.4
69.8
67.0
66.4
66.5
66.3
66.5
67.6
66.2
20. 03J
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper. _
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals
119.9
125.2
115.9
118.5
126.1
115.7
117.6
124.1
115.1
120.7
145. 3
128.5
115.4
144.0
123. 8
115.2
141.7
123.8
30.37
23.20
27.30
29.35
22.79
26.35
29.35
22.77
26.45
39.3
41.2
41.3
38.4
40.4
40.2
38.7
40.9
40.5
79.9
56.7
66.0
79.3
56.5
65.6
79.2
56.1
65.4
150.3
121.1
102.5
119.3
102.6
117.6
97.9
116.0
90.1
112.4
91.0
111.5
32.28
38.38
30.62
37.73
30.89
37.98
39.9
35.9
38.2
35.2
38.8
35.9
81.3
103.8
81.2
102.9
80.7
102.6
Chemical, petroleum, and coal pro ducts .
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Feitilizers.
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
125.5
119.8
126.9
149.9
123.5
115.7
146.7
95.0
126.2
315.1
84.8
125.3
120.7
126.4
148.0
126.9
116.2
147.2
92.2
126.0
314.5
84.5
125.3
121.2
126.3
145.6
131.1
118.3
144.9
96.7
125.1
311.1
88.8
144.0
139.0
145.5
187.9
121.7
130. 5
196.0
80.9
138.9
334.4
106.3
139.5
133.3
141.5
181.7
121.6
130.8
186.5
77.1
135.8
331.4
100.2
139.3
136.2
140.3
176.2
128.2
133.0
180.9
82.4
135.8
322.6
107.2
30.90
36.00
28.92
33.33
15.94
25.56
36. 84
15.47
30.18
27.15
29.54
29.87
34.32
28.23
32.72
15.50
25.53
34.95
15.31
29.35
26.95
27.93
29.96
34.93
28.13
32.39
15.91
25.51
34.44
15.71
29.60
26.53
28.42
39.6
37.3
40.4
40.8
46.5
39.5
40.9
35.4
40.8
39.1
40.3
38.8
35.7
39.8
40.4
45.0
39.5
39.8
33.9
40.2
39.1
38.9
39.3
36.4
40.2
40.6
46.2
40.0
40.1
35.5
41.1
38.7
39.9
76.6
96.8
70.1
81.6
33.1
61.2
89.3
43.7
73.7
69.4
73.3
76.5
96.6
69.6
81.1
33.0
61.3
87.8
45.2
73.1
69.0
71.8
75.7
96.3
68.7
79.8
32.7
60.7
85.9
44.2
72.0
68.5
71.1
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods other
97.5
66.9
76.9
166.6
94.4
61.0
75.2
162.9
92.6
58.7
73.9
160.5
111.1
81.3
96.4
173.9
102.0
65.7
89.7
162.7
99.5
62.9
86.6
162.1
31.13
27.92
36.59
25.39
29.45
24.76
34.92
24.29
29.31
24.64
34.27
24.57
39.7
43.9
37.8
40.4
37.9
40.1
36.1
39.0
38.0
39.5
35.7
40.0
78.4
63.6
97.1
63.4
78.1
61.7
97.1
62.7
77.4
62.4
96.2
62.0
NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Coal-mining: 4 5
Anthracite
_
Bituminous 4
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining..
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 6 7
Electric light and power «*_6 7____..
Street railways and busses 8__
Trade:
Wholesale
6»
Retail« 7
Food 7
General merchandizing 6 7__.
Apparel 7 7
Furniture 7
Automotive
Lumber 7
Hotels (year-round) * 610
Laundries*
See footnotes at end of table.
fcO
$27. 60 $24. 56 $21. 48
25.21
25.03
27.19
30.10
30.75
31.71
22.64
23.98
23.74
34.11
33.89
33.70
29.7
31.0
42.5
40.6
36.7
26.2
28.6
40.7
38.9
37.8
22.8
28.3
42.0
42.1
38.0
Cents
92.0
89.0
74.9
59.0
89.6
Cents
92.6
88.9
74.3
58.5
88.1
Cents
92.5
88.6
73.6
57.0
87.5
32.01
35.53
33.40
31.75
35.37
33.63
39.8
39.2
47.4
39.9
39.8
45.4
39.5
40.3
45.7
81.8
90.8
73.1
80.7
89.3
72.6
88.0
72.5
30.43
20.70
23.76
17.34
20.98
28.26
28.94
25.94
15.75
18.13
30.61
20.87
23.64
17.59
20.95
28.40
28.08
26.77
15.57
18.18
41.6
43.0
43.4
39.9
38.9
44.9
47.4
42.5
46.2
43.1
40.8
42.3
43.1
38.1
38.1
44.0
46.7
41.5
46.1
42.3
41.3
42.7
43.5
38.4
37.8
44.4
47.1
43.1
46.3
42.6
75.2
52.1
52.5
42.8
54.1
67.9
62.4
63.4
33.7
42.8
74.7
53.7
52.8
45.2
55.4
68.7
62.4
63.3
33.6
43.1
73.9
53.2
52.2
45.6
54.9
68.1
60.2
62.8
33.3
42.8
50.8
90.0
72.2
45.5
60.9
50.4
89.8
72.5
47.2
61.3
49.4
89.2
72.6
48.8
62.4
42.7
91.3
73.3
42.8
55.8
37.6
84.5
69.8
42.3
56.8
32.3
83.6
71.4
46.7
57.6
79.6
91.3
68.4
79.2
91.8
68.7
79.1
92.3
68.7
104.9
106.4
73.2
103.2
106.9
70.3
102.2
107.0
70.7
32.40
35.54
34.92
92.7
107.5
105.8
151.3
102.5
81.8
86.8
76.0
92.7
100.2
91.8
96.3
104.6
111.4
91.5
77.8
85.9
77.4
92.3
99.7
91.0
94.3
103.8
103.5
91.4
77.8
85.0
79.4
93.4
100.2
84.0
96.4
97.9
131.0
92.7
75.1
84.2
72.5
84.4
89.0
80.7
87.1
96.7
97.5
83.0
70.1
82.3
72.0
83.6
87.2
80.2
85.8
95.8
92.3
82.2
70.1
79.7
76.0
84.2
88.0
31.31
20.24
23.76
17.16
20.91
28.83
29.30
26.65
15.85
18.40
7.—Employment, Pay Rolls, itours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued
NONMANUFACTURING—Continued
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Employment index
Industry-
Dyeing and cleaning 4__
Brokerage6611
Insurance »
Building construction n
Decem- November
ber
1940
1940
103.2
-.6
+.1
-1.9
106.0
+.1
-. 1
-4.2
October
1940
109.4
-1.6
-.3
+3.9
Decem- No vein* October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
75.8
+2.5
+1.0
+5.6
77.8
+.8
+.4
-13.7
1
Revised series. Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, Januay 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller
number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish
man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of
changes
in the size and composition of the reporting sample.
2
See tables 9,10, and 11 for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing
and back to January 1923 for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups.
3 Revised series—Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey made by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published
indexes from January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period
given
in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of this pamphlet.
4
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in 5January 1938 issue of pamphlet.
See table 7 of October 1940 issue for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average
hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite
mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive.
6
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
Average weekly
earnings
Pay-roll index
82.4
+.9
+.7
+6.5
Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
$20.14
38.28
36.75
32.63
$20.13
37.14
36.42
30.44
$20.61
37.10
36.32
33.84
Average hours worked
per week
Decem- November
ber
1940
1940
42.3
(12)
(12)
33.8
October
1940
(12)
(12)
43.0
(12)
(12)
31.6
35.4
41.9
Average hourly
earnings
Decem- Novem- October
ber
ber
1940
1940
1940
Cents
48.9
Cents
49.4
(12)
(12)
(12)
(12)
96.7
96.5
Cents
49.0
(12)
(12)
95.7
published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers,
executives,
and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
7
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census.
Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY
LABOR REVIEWS prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has
been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable
series
for earlier months available upon request.
8
Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance."
9
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent
issues
of pamphlet.
10
Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included.
» Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding month substituted.
12 Not available.
* August and September 1940 average hourly earnings revised to 70=2 and 70.7 cents,
respectively, and corresponding average weekly hours revised to 39.7 and 40.2
27
TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing * and Non2
manufacturing
Industries, December 1939 to December 1940., Inclusive
1940
1939
Industry
Av. Av. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July; Aug. Sept.! Oct. Nov. Dec.
ICmployment
Manufacturing
All industries
99. 9 107. 5 105. 0 105. 0 104.4 103. 2J102. 5! 103.1 103. 2107.4; 111. 4 113.8| 114. 7 116.2
Durable goods 3
Nondurable goods4
Nonmanufacturing
90. 2 104. 3 100.1 '9.2
2 99.8 98.4J102.4J108.2 112.8J115. 5 117.6
109. 2 110.6 109.7 110. 5 109. 5 107. 5'105. 6 106. 2 107. 8 112. 2 114.4 114.8 113.9 114.8
Anthracite mining«
Bituminous-coal mining 5-_
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Telephone and telegraph66_
Electric light and power _ S t r e e t 6r a i l w a y s a n d
busses 1
Wholesale trade
Retail trade 6
Year-round hotels 5
Laundries«
Dyeing and cleaning s
50.6 50.7 51.5 51.6 52.2 51.2 51.8 49.7 50.5. 49.9 49. 49.4 50.4 50.8
78.6 88.0 91.8 91.7 89.7 86.2 85.1! s:
84. 9J 86.6 87.7 89.2 89.8; 90.0
62.7 69.9 66.4 66.3 66.2 67.7 69.2, 70.3 71.0; 71.5 72.5
72.5 72.2
44.6 45.3 37.8 38.3 41.0 44.5 46.9 47.9 48. l| 48. 5j 48.9 48.8 47. 2j 45.5
65. i 62.9 63.2 63.0 63.2 63.1 63.3 63.8 63.7 63.6 63.0 62.4! 61.3 60.9
75.8 77.9 76.1 75.9 76.0 76.7 77.3 77.8 78.
79.0 78.9 79.1 79.2 79.6
89.0 91.1 89.1 89.2 89.3 90.0 90.6 91.2 92.2 93.0 92.7 92.3: 91.8 91.3
69.0 68.5
89.2 90.4 90.6
92.3 87.7
92.0 92.0 91.3
95.9
96.0
101. 3 104. 7 94.0
68.7
90.2
87.0
92.1
95.8
93.7
68.2
90.5
91.1
92.0
96.2
99. 5
68.3
89.3
89.8
92.7
97. 2
104t. 5
68.4 68.5 68.4 68.4
88.9 89.6 89.2 90.1
91.2 91.9 89.1 88. 7
93.4 92.0 90.3 90.3
99.1 102.1 102. 5 102. 8
108. 7 112. 6 108. 2 106.7
68.5 68. f 68.7
90.9 91.0 91.8
92. 8 94. 3 96. 3
91.6! 93.4 92.3
101. 9| 100. 2 99. 7
110.0:109.4 106.0
68.4
92.7
107. 5
92.7
100. 2
103.2
Pay Rolls
Manufacturing
All industries
2 105.4 99.8 99. 3
3
Durable goods _
Nondurable goods *
:
i9.8 97.9 97.8 99.51 ' ;. 2 105. 5111. 6 116. 2 116. 4!122.4
i. 2 107.8 99.3 97.!
98.4 98. 7 101.4' 97.4 106.5i 115.1 123.4 125.1131.6
98.9 102. 7 100.4 101.0 101. 0 97.3 96.8 97.4; 99.1 104.4107. 7 108.1 106. 6 112.1
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining 5 _ _
Bituminous-coal mining 6_.
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Telephone and telegraph66 .
Electric light and power -_
Street railways and
busses6 i
Wholesale trade
Retail trade 6
Year-roundb hotels 5
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning 5
39.5 38.5 52.5 32." 38.4 36.3 40.0 40.6' 36.5 33.1 39.3 32.3 37.6 42.7
87.0 87.0 78.3 72. 21 75.3 73.9: 75.2 82.5 83.2 83.6 84.5 91.3
69.9
63.6 64.2 63.2 63. 5j 65.7 65.4j 63.7 68.5 69.5 71.4 69.8 73.3
56.0
38.11 42.7. 43.9 43.5 45.2 46.2 46.7 42.3 42.8
38.7
61.0 58.2 58.4 59.0 58.4 59.0 58.7 58.81 59.1 59.0 58.2 57.6 56.8 55.8
96.9
1.1
!. 7 98.8 100.0,101.3 100. 4 101. 8 102. 2 103. 2 104. 9
95. 6 100. 3
100.4 104. 9 101. 6 102. 2 102.3 103. 3 104. 2 104.8 105.8 108.1105.8 107.0 106.9 106. 4
69.5
76.6
80.8
81.2
83.1
73.6
70.4
79.0
84.2
82.4
87.6
78.2
69.0
77.1
79.9
81.1
83.4
65.5
71.5
77.1
79.1
82.7
83.1
64.4
69.5
77.8
82.0
81.8
84.1
72.7
77.4
82.3
83.2
85.6
79.6:
69.2
77. 41
83.4
83.0'
88.5.
85.4
70.5 70.0
78. 4! 78.3
84.8, 82.6
82.0 80.5
92.4! 90.0
89.6| 80.0
70.4
78.7
81.5
80.7
90.5
78.9
71.5
81.1
85.1
81. 8
89.9
85.6
70.7
80. 2
85.8
84. 2
88.0
82.4
70.3
80. 7
87.1
83. 6
87.2
77.8
73.2
84. 0
96.4
84.4
89.0
75.8
1
3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to Preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. See tables 9, 10,
and 11 for comparable figures back to January 1919 where available.
2 12-month average for lt>29=100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining,
and crude-petroleum production are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT ANE PAY
ROLLS, or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW.
For other nonmanu-
facturing indexes see notes 5 and 6.
3 Includes: Iron and stee], machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied
products,
and stone, clay, and glass products.
4
Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
s Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are
presented
in January 1938 nnd subsequent issues of this pamphlet.
6
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY
LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed form.
7 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor
companies.
28
TABLE 9.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Bolls in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined, by Months, January 1919 to December 1940 :[
[1923-25=100]
Year
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July I Aug. | Sept. . Oct. Nov. ! Dec. I Av.
Employment
104.5
1919.
114.3
1920.
79. 51
1921.
82.4
1922
1923 "IIIIIIIIIZIIIII! 100.2
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
101.2 101.71 101.9: 102.6 103.9 1Q6.6 109.3
113.3 115.61 114.0, 111. 1 110.1 107.5 107.4
81.7 82.9, 82.3 82.0 81.2 79.7
81.1
84.5 85.8 85.7' 87.9 89.6 90.5
93.1
111.3
106.1
83.0
95.1
110.9 112.1
102.1 95.6
83.7 83.7,
96.6 98.0
113.9 106.7
88.0 107.1
82.7 82.0
99.1 90.7
102.4' 104.6 105.1 105.2 105.7 104.6 104.8 105.3 104.0 102.8 101.1 103.8
' 100.1 101.7 101.9 100.1 96. 8
!
96.6 98.3 99.2 99.198. 6
;
93. 8
98. 4
101.0 102.0 102.5 101.8 100.8 100.8
:
98.6 100.2 100.9 100.3 99. 6 99. 7
i 95.3 97.2 98.2 97.8 97. 8 98. 5
90.6 92.0 94.2 95.0
98.3 100.0 101.9 102.6
99.7 101.8 104.0 103.6
98.6 99.9 101. 2 100. 2
98.4 101.1 103. 3( 103. 51
94.5 96.1 96.4
102.2 101.8 99.8
101.6 100.3 101.7
98.0 96.5
102.6 102.1, 99! 7
1929-.
1930193119321933.
101.7 104.1 105.4 106.7 106.5 106.8 107.3 109.2
98.2 98.3 97.9 97.3 95. 6 93. 6 90.4 89.7
80.1
81.2 81.2 80. 6 78. 8 77.7 77.9
70.0 71.2 70.1 67.8 65. 2 63. 2 61.0 62.7
63.3 64.7 62.3 63.9 66.8 71. 6 76.2 81.3-
110.3' 109. o! 104.6. 100.7; 106.0
90. T 88.7 85.4, 82.9, 92.4
78. 31 75.5 72. 7 72.0| 78.1
66. r 67.2 66.3 65.1 66.3
81.2 79.5 73.4
85. 01 84.
1934.
1935193619371938.
78.8 83.7 87.2 88.8
86.7 89.6 91.0 91.2
92.3 92.7 93.9 95.5
104.7 107.6 110.1 111.3
91.0 91.6 91.2 89.3;
83.5' 85.9 84.3 85.6 85.7
94.2 91.3
93.9' 95.2
103.8] 104.9 104.9! 106.41 99.0
112.2 110.3 104. 21 97.7' 108. &
s
93.6 94.2 95. 31 96. 2 90.
1940..
89.0 87.8 86.3 87.489.9 88.3 88.7 91.7>
96.4 97.0 98.4 101.2'
111.5 110.3 110.8. 112.2j
87.0, 85.4 85.9i 90.2i
i
1.5
94.5; 96.1 97.0! 96.9j 95.9, 96.4 :
105. o; 105.0 104. 4| 103.2 102. 5| 103.1, 103. 2j 107.4
I
103. 7 107.3 107. 5' 107. 8 99.9
111.4 2113.8 114.7 2116. 2 2107. 5
Pay Rolls
1919..
1920..
1921..
1922..
1923-.
89.3 90.0
117.4 125.4
80.1 81.0
72.5 74.4
93.9, 97.8 102.6
119.1
104.5
101.0
105.7
104.8
102.0
104.5
102.8
107.2
106.6
103.5
90.1
123.0
77.4
77.0
107.3
102.0
100.41
104.9
105.0
101.3
97.6: 91.9
101.4: 99.2
103. 51 103.7
104. 8 103.2
85.3j
97.5,
99.4 :
99.i;
102. 31 102. 7, 100.2
1924-.
1925-.
1926-.
1927-.
1928-
96.0
101.6
98.6
96.
1929-.
1930..
1931..
1932..
1933..
103.8 110.8 113.0 114.1 114.3i1
96.5 99.6 99.7 98.5 96.1
70.3 74.4 75.9 74.7 73.6!
54.0 55.4 53.6 49.6 46.81
40.3 41.4 38.3 40.4 44.4J
1934..
1935-.
1936-.
1937..
1938..
56.1 62.9 67.2 69.6
67.5 72.6 74.4 74.6
76.9 76.6 80.5 82.6
94.6 100.1 105.9 109.7
75.4 77.7 77.8 75.2
1939..
1940-
84.7
87.1
99.3
88.8
99.8
92.7 95.6 101.7 106.3 103.6 107.8 115.4 98.0
124.4 120.0 120.6 118.9 114.4 105.0 95.5 117.2
75.6
75.6 71.6' 73.6 73.3 71.9 70.9 72.7^
80.0 80.2 84.1 87.0 88.7' 92.2 94.5 81.2
107.2 102.9 103. li 103.8 105.9 103.9 102.7 102.9
89.2
122.3
78.8
73.6
103.8
86.8
97.9
112.7
92.9
69.91
43.7!
49.1'
69. 7 67. 4i
71. 8 69. 81
84. 0i 84. 2|
10. li 107. 6=
73.
71. 6:
6
s|i
86.
97. 8,
87. 9'
99. 5,
108.6!
85.0 !
66.6'
40.41
52.71
92.4
99.4
105.1
102.1
106.2
94.6
105.3
108.0
102.7
109.5:
93.1
105.1
104.3
98.9
106.2
97.6
105.5
103.6
100.0
106.9
96.0
101.1
104.2
102.4
103.5
113.5 114.4 113.7: 104.9 101.2 110.4
83.8 84.8 82.9 77.3 75.4 89.4
66.4 63.8 61.8 58.3 57.8 67.8
41.4 44.0 45.8 43.6 42.4 46.7
58.6 61.3 61.1 57.3 56.5 50.1
62.8! 65.1 60.8 64.0
69.li 74.0 76.8 79.5
83.5i 87.3 87.2 92.9
105. 2; 108.7 104.9 104.9
71.7i 77.9 82.3 85.0
62.5
78.6
94.4
93.3
85.3
66.
80.
99.
84.
88.
2 64.5
5 74.1
2 85.8
6 102.5
1 78.5
85.8= 91.2 95.4 103. 2. 103.2 105. 4 92.2
98.2^ 105.5 111.6 2116. 2 2116. 4 2122.4 2105.4
1 Revised series—Adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures.
2
Preliminary.
89.1;
100.1,
103.8.
102.5.
104.6
'219
TABLE 10.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Durable Goods Group of Manufacturing Industries, by Months, January 1923 to December 1940, Inclusive 1
[1923-25=100]
Year
Jan.
Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
July
Aug. fcept. i Oct. i Nov.
Dec. Av.
Employment
1923-_
19241925-.
19261927-
97.7 101.0 103.6 105.6 106.6 107.4 106.1 105.8 105.4 104.6 103.7 101.6 104.1
100.6 102.6 103.8 103.4 99.3 94.8 90.7 90.6 91.4 92.8 92.5 94.3 96.4
95.3 97.3 98.7 99.9 100.1 99.2 97.9 98.7 100. l| 102.0 102.3 102.2 99.5
101.3 102.9 103.9 104.3 103.7 103.2 101.8 103.0 103. 5i 103.0 100.8 98.6 102.5
96.0 97.9 99.1 99.3 99.2 98.2 95.8 96.4 95.9! 95.2 92.9 91.5 96.5
1928-.
1929-.
1930-.
1931-_
1932._
90.3 92.8 94.9 96.1 97.7 98.2 97.4 99.9 101. 3' 101.6 101.0 100.6 97.7
101.0 103.9 105.9 108.0 109.3 109.3 109.2 110.3 109. 8 107.7 102.5 97.6 106.2
94.8 95.3 95.1 94.9 93.8 90.8 86.3 83.7 82.3! 80.9 78.1 75.7 87.6
72.3 72.4 72.5 72.6 . 71.9 69.8 67.1 65.8 65.0 62.2 60.6 60.2 67.7
58.1 58.8 57.5 55.5 54.0 52.5 50.1 48.9 49.2 49.6 50.0 49.6 52.8
1933-.
193419351936_.
1937_.
19381939-.
1940..
47.7 48.6 46.8 47.9 50.9 55.3 59.8 65.0 68.3i
65.1 69.4 73.5 76.6 78.3 77.6 75.1 72.9 70.7 i
73.5 77.3 79.3 80.2 79.7 77.4 77.3 79.1 79.9!
83.2 83.0 84.7 87.5 89.6 90.5 91.0 91.3 92.5!
97.9 101.2 104.9 107.4 109.1 107.8 108.2 107.5 106.8
82.5
84.1
100.1
81.1
85.3
99.2
80.4
86.2
99.1
78.3
87.0
98.7
76.4
86.3
99.2
73.9
87.1
99.8
68.0 66.1 65.8 57.5
69.3 68.8 71.2 72.4
83.8 85.1 84.7 79.8
96.3 98.3 100.4 90.7
107.2 101.4 92.4 104.3
71.9 73.5 77.2 81.1 84.4 85.5 78.9
85.5 86.5 92.4 98.8 100.9 • 102.8 90.2
98.4 102.4 108.2 2 112.8 2 115.5J2 117.6 2 104.3
Pay rolls
I
1923.__
1924__.
19251926-.
1927._
1928_.
1929--1930-.
19311932.._
89.3
98.3
92.7
99.9
93.6
94.9
106.6
99.9
106.4
101.8!
100.7'
107.8
102.2
108.6'
104.81
104.0'
106.7:
101.6
107.8
104.6'
90.1 98.0 101.0 101.41
102.2 1111.5 114.6 117.5
91.0 . 9 6 . 1 96.8 97.0
59.1 63.7 65.2 64.6
40.7 41.8 39.5 36.9
109.0
100.9,
103.3'
106.5!
104.7
104.7
109.2! 103.5 105.0104.5 107.9 106.7 103.8 103.2
92.7' 83.6| 86.9 88.7 92.0 90.8 95.4 95.9
100.2.1 96.3; 98.5 98.1 105.8 106.11 106. 61 100.9
106.1 100.2' 104.7 104.6 108.2 103.9i 101.1 104.8
101.2' 94.8' 98.5 96.1 97.7 93. 7 94. 7 98.9
103.
103.01 99.01 104.5 104.8 109.4 106. r
118.7 115.8 109.81 115.4 114.6 113.4 102.9'
94.8 90.3 79.1! 76.0 75.4 74.4 68.6;
63.7 58.7 53.6 52.2 48.8 47.7 45.3;
35.8 32.6 29.4 27.9 27.9 29.8 29.5-
19331934_.
1935_.
1936...
1937__-
27.5
43.1
55.1
69.1
90.3
45.2 46.0 46.3
27.8 25.8 27.5 32.0 36.4 39.
49.6 54.8 59.6 60.9 59.2 51.3 51.7 47.1 48.2
60.0
58.2
62.5 64.6 70.4
62.6'
61.6 63.6 64.9
68.1 73.2 78.2 81.0 81.6 78.7 79.8 80.1 88.6
109.9
106.1
109.2
113.3
96.8 104.9 112.0
104.7 107.0
1938-.
1939—
1940_-
66.6
76.7
99.3
66.7
78.4
97.8
1
2
67.0
80.2
98.7
65.2
80.3
98.4
63.9 61.4
79.7" 81.7
98.7. 101.4
43.8 36.8
52.7 52.2
73.5. 64.1
97.3 80.7
80.2 102.4
58.5 63.5 68.6 75.1 78.2 80.2 67.9
77.0 82.5 88.8 100.7 102.1 105.8 86.2
97.4 106.5 115.1 2 123.4 * 125.1 2131.6 2 107.8
Revised series—Adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures.
Preliminary.
43.6i
48.11
71.9*
92.4
93.8
105.8 102.3
97.4 111.2
66.1 83.8
44.9 55.6
29.0 33.4
TABLE 11.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Nondurable Goods Group of
Manufacturing Industries, by Months, January 1923 to December 1940, Inclusive 1
[1923-25=100]
Year
Jan. Feb. | Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. • Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Av.
Employment
1923-.
1924..
1925_.
1926-.
1927-
102. 6
99.6
97.8
100.7
101.1
103.9
100.9
99.3
101.1
102.3
105.6
100.2
99.7
101.2
102.6
104.6
97.1
98.4
99.4
101.2
1928-.
1929..
I930-.
1931..
1932-.
100.1
102.3
101.4
87.5
81.4|
101.3
104.3
101.2
88.7
83.0.
101.3
105.0
100.5'.
89.5!
82. lj
99.4
105.4
99.6
89.4,
79. 5|
98.0 98.7
103.9 104.4
97.4 96.3
88.9 87.4:
75.9 73.4.
99.4 102.2 105.1 105.4 104.1 103.6 101.6
105.6 108.2 110.8 110.2 106.6 103.6 105.9
94.3 95.3 98.6 96.2 92.3 89.9 96.9
87.8 89.5 90.9 88.1 84.3 83.2 87.9
71.5 75.9 82.2 83.9 81.8 79.8 79.2
1934-.
1935..
1937
78. l!
91.8*
99.3
101.0
111.2
80. l! 77. o!
97.2 100.2:
101.3'1 102.21
102.0 102.7'
113.7 115.1!
79.11
100.41
101.711
103.0
115.0!
82:0!
99.3 1
99. 6
102.8
113.8
91.8
97.0
99.6
105.4
113.3
1939_.
1940.
99.1 101.6 101.5 99.8 97.1 96.4 99.2 106.1 109.2 106.7 105. 7 106.4 102.4
104.4 106.4 107.3 106.3 105.0 105.3 107.2 111.9 114.5 115.4 113.8 112.6 109.2
109.7 110.5 109.5 107.5 105.6 106.2 107.8 112.2 114.4 2 114.8 2 113.9 2 114.8 2 110.6
104.0 104.1 103.2
94.5 92.8 90.6
97.1 97.7 98.7
98.0 98.5 97.7
100.0 101.1 101.2
87.1"
97.6'!
98.6
103.1
112.7
105.2
96.9
103.7
104.4
106.2
103.8
93.2
101.3
100.7
103.3
97.0
101.2
103.7
110.7
116.7
100.8
95.8
107.2
114. 5
117.3
103.3
97.0
103.2
104.2
104.9
101.8
96.4
102.2
102.4
102.8
100.7
97.7
101.4
101.9
101.3
103.6
96.4
100.0
100.9
102.3
100.3 95.6 92.5 88.5
101.8 99.0 99.4 98.4
106.1 103.7 103.2 102.2
113.1 111.3 112.2 106.8
113. 3 106.9 102.8 112.7
Pay rolls
1923..
1924..
1925..
1926_.
1927..
99.0
99.6
99.7
103.5
104.3
104.7 103.6 105.5 104.8
100.8 96.8 93.9 91.0
103.4 99.1 99.3 98.1
105.6 101.6 100.2 101.1.
108.5 105.5 104.9 105.4-
102.1
87.2
98.7
98.6
103.9
101.0
91.6
101.9
102.8.
107.0
103.0j
96.61
101.0
105.6
108.8
1929._
1930,.
1931,..
1932—
103.8 106.4 106.3 101.2 100.6 102.31
105.6 110.0 111.2 110.3 109.5 109.2
102.6 103.5 103.0 100.3 97.6 95. T
82.8 86.5 87.9 86.0 84.8 82.4'
68.9 70.6 69.3: 63.8 59.1 56. lj
101. 5
107.2
91.6
81.1
52.8;
104.81
111.3!
92.6!
82.2'
56.4!
107.7 109.7 106.2 108.2 104.9
114.2 114.0 107.1 105.4 109.6
95.3 92.5 87.0 85.8 95.6
80.6 77.7 72.9 72.3 81.4
62.1 63.8 59.4 57.4 61.6
101.1
102.2
102.2
105.0
108.2
54.6 56.6
70.7 77.8
81.3 85.0
85.7 86.1
99.4 103.9
1933_._
1934-_1935—
1936___
1937..1938_._
1939.._
1940—.
52.4:
81.2!
86.4,
88.8:
107.0'
85.2 90.0
93.7 96.8 98.4
100.4' 101.0, 101.0
54.8 58.3
80.9 79.5.
85.4 82.287.4 87.3*
107.0 106.41
1
63.3 67.3 73 5i
76.7 75.7 80 2'
80.9 81.2 86.8
87.1 89.0 95 8
105.1 104.1 108.1
86.4- 84. 5J 83.0
94. r 93.7 94.8
97.3! 96.81 97.4
103.6
97.4
104.9
107.9
108.3
78.4 77.7
76.2 81.6
90.4 89.6
95.1 97.8
105.1 102.5
100.7
95.6
103.9
104.9
104.7
101.4
100.1
104.4
106.3
106.0
102.5
96.1
101.4
103.6
108.3
72.5 70.8 65.0
78.5 81.4 78.4
86.2 88.4 85.3
96.6 101.3 91.5
92.6 89.4 102.6
86.5 94 0 97.6 96.1 93.2 96.9 90.3
95.6 100 9 102.8 106.0 104.4 105.0 98.9
99.1 104. 4 107.7 2 108.1 2106.6 2112.1 102.7
»8 Revised series—Adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures.
Preliminary.
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS
A comparison of employment and pay rolls in November and December 1940 is made in table 12 for 13 metropolitan areas, each of which
had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas
but having a population of 100,000 or over are not included. Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning them have been prepared in a supplementary tabulation which is
available on request. The figures represent reports from cooperating
establishments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table
31
6, with the exception of building construction, and include also
miscellaneous industries.
Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly
because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the
supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary
tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more
according to the 1930 Census of Population.
TABLE 12.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
November and December 1940, by Principal Metropolitan Areas
Metropolitan area
New York
*
Chicago 2
Philadelphia "LDetroit
Los Angeles *_.
Cleveland
St. Louis
Baltimore
Boston«
Pittsburgh
..
San Francisco 6 -. _ ._
Buffalo
Milwaukee
Number of
establishments,
December
1940
Number on
pay roll,
December
1940
Percentage
change
from
November
1940
13, 628 ;
4, 384 )
2,488 |
1,650 {
3, 062 •
801, 692
531, 220
275,112
401, 349
223, 502
+3.6
+4.3
+3.5
+1.4
1, 347 !
1,421
1,130
2,754
1,346
165, 007
148, 440
138, 918
184, 344
240, 744
1,717
800
964
102, 339
104, 258
120, 669
!
+7.5
+6.0
+3.6
+4.6
+4.3
+4.0
+5.9
+3.1
44.1
Amount of
pay roll
(1 week)
December
1940
$23, 496, 373
15,669,065
8, 024, 213
14, 236, 020
6, 815, 885
Percentage
change
from
November
1940
+5.6
+7.3
+6.7 c
+6*. 9
5,180,177
3, 905, 247
3, 843, 538
5, 071, 757
7, 832,051
+7.6
+7.3
+5.1
+7.1
+8.3
3, 248, 669
3,151,144
3, 682, 697
+8.6
+4.0
+5.7
1
2
3
4
5
Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., or Yonkers, N. Y.
Does not include Gary, Ind.
Does not include Camden, N . J.
Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, or Somerville, Mass,
e Does not include Oakland, Calif.
WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIES
The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending December 15, 1940, as
shown by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau.
As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an
industry, and furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report
wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries.
'62
TABLE 13.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing
and
Nonmanujacturing
Establishments During Month Ending December 15, 1940 *
Establishments
Total
number
reporting
Group and industry
All manufacturing
33, 789
Iron and steel group
Blast furnaces, steel works,
and rolling mills
Machinery group
-_
Electrical machinery
Foundries and machine shops. Machine tools
Number
reporting—
Decreases2
In-
Employees
Total
number
covered
Number
having—
InDeDecreases creases2 creases creases
74,102
211
2,557
Average percentage change
in wage rates
of employees
having—
940,245
18, 300
6.3
339
3,855
580
2,283
194
5
44
6
25
6
501,967
932,152
242,468
311,645
74,285
7,374
19,344
7^255
964
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.5
7.0
739
Transportation group
._
397
Autos
Nonferrous metals group
1,085
Brass, bronze, and copper
-! 332
Smelting and refining
J
51
7
4
9
4
4
737,199 i
451,965 \
223,611 I
84,101 :
30,488
979
485
2,860
306
2,547
6.1
6.9
7.7
6.2
7.9
354,327
103, 539
40,836
136,875
16, 039
932
1,265
13, 342
4.6
6.3
4.8
4.4
209,407
944,444
154,530
359, 504
43,038
723
1,125
770
1,424
1,237
7.7
\8
7.2
5.0
4.0
223,504
9,816
1,469
330
1,268
10.4
5.0
128, 308
436
Lumber group
Furniture
Millwork
Sawmills
' 2,730
-.-''
723
'
585
!
797
Stonegroup
Fabricsgroup
Woolens
Wearing-apparel group
Miscellaneous textiles n. e.
1,646 :
3,247 !
416;
3,339
367
Leather group
Boot and shoe stock..
Food groupSlaughtering and meat packing
1,053
121
5,590
Papergroup
Paper and pulp
Printing, book and job
Printing newspapers,.
Chemical group
Chemicals n. e. c
Miscellaneous manufacturing..
All nonmanufacturing
58
7
7
39
5
5
3
5
3
4
15
339
;.
iL
:_
i.
9.1
4,005;
445 :
1,606 .
732
_. _
22
8
5
4
381,113
130,538
82, 479
66, 239
3,648
2,532
87
203
6.0
6.8
3.6
6.0
2,218
235
263
1,239 .
15
6
5
4
310,
62,
16,
167,
5,325
4,019
I 552
1,598
5.3
4.9
8.2
6.4
829
733
702
092
43
Metalliferous mining
Street railways and busses..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
4,045
8.5
2,248
692
289
362
10.0
4.0
5.7
10.1
1 Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual
establishments. They are, however, included, where practicable, in "all manufacturing," in "all nonmanufacturing,"
and in the various industry groups.
2
No decreases reported.
Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment financed from both regular and emergency appropriations.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of
the Federal Government in November and December 1940 are given
in table 14.
33
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United
Government, December 1940 1
States
[Subject to revision]
Pay rolls
Employment
Class
December November, C Per1940 ! 1940
i lnla|f
Entire service:
Total
. ; 1,185,558 1,111,530
December
1940
+6.7
$183,606,341 \ $168,388,802 "
Eegular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account
997,262
48,525
139,771
Inside the District of Columbia:
Total
155,973 | 152,605
+ 2 . 2 , 27,097,405 i 26,244,698
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation--.
Force-account
139,204 ! 136,083
7,489 !
7,517
9,280 !
9,005
+2.3
-. 4
+3.1
,1,029,585 : 958,925 ;
+7.4
Outside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation-.
Force-account
1
932,760
49,090
Percentage
change
November
1940
+6.9 159, 408,978 145, 248,171
- 1 . 2 • 6,487,811
6, 566,378
+7.8 17, 709, 552 16, 574,253
24,185,785
1,167,395
1,744,225
!
156,508,936
+ 7 . 7 : 135,223,193
—1.3
5,320,416
+8.1
15,965,327
858,058 ! 796,677
41,036
41,573
130,491
120, 675
+9.0
+9.7
-1.2
+6.8
+3.2
23,364,972
1,163, 721
], 716, 005 .
142,144,104
+3.5
+ .3
+1.6
+10.1
121,883,199 :
5,402,657
14,858,248 ,
+10.9
-1.5
+7.5
Data relate to the last pay period of the'month.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY
ADMINISTRATION
THE PUBLIC WORKS
Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during December on construction projects financed from Public
Works Administration funds are given in table 15, by type of project.
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, December 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project
All programs .
Maximum 2
Weekly
24, 676
20,825
Value of
Man-hours Average material
worked
orders
earnings
during
per hour placed durmonth
ing month
Monthly
pay rolls
average
$2, 703,209
2, 654,312
$1.018
$3, 446,179
Federal projects
funds
All projects
.
Building construction-.
Public roads*
_.
_ _.
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood controL
Water and sewerage
See footnotes at end of table.
.
._
-
3 557
505
$54, 307
88, 294
$0. 615
124
(8)
85
70
20
102
258
72
56
17
11, 768
27, 619
8,706
5,398
816
10, 686
53,589
12, 476
8,692
2,851
1.101
.515
.698
.621
.286
18, 514
55,000
1,961
5,398
1,474
34
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, December 1940—Continued
I
I
Employment
Type of project
Maximum
Monthly
11
Weekly
average
Wage S g i
mom,n
plrhonr placed during month
Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds
All projects
j
Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
Building construction
...
Electrification
..
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control- .
Streets and roads
. . . ._
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous.
Professional, technical, and clerical
2,833
2,568
300
1,285
7
908
141
98
18
45
31
299
1,149
7
$313,081
•
829
123
96
16
33
16
33, 585
135, 702
758
122, 605
4,378
9,168
2,008
3,012
1,865
334,751 '
$0,935
$428,096
45, 458
121, 792
838
138, 582
8, 273
13,145
1.683
3,148
1, 832
.739
1.114
.905
.885
.529
.697
1.193
.957
1.018
55, 997
196, 550
302
124, 953
14,183
31, 794
1, 561
2,550
206
Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery
Act funds
All projects«
___. .
Building construction e
Streets and roads
Miscellaneous
,
,
_._._!
623 :
492
$44,284 •
50,180
$0,883
$35, 453
320254
49
221
231
40
25,172
15,776
3,336
19, 058
27, 245
3, 877
1. 321
.579
.860
22,136
13,064
253
Non-Federal projects financed from Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds
Allprojects
.
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Water and sewerage
_..
'
I
'
4,034
3,547
$398,741
514
722
2,710
88
406
599
58,220
56,170
273, 609
10, 742
2,469
73
516,919 \
44,800
82,005
11,130
$0.771 •
$696,074
1.300 !
. 685 •
. 722 !
. 965
73,007
61, 591
554,984
6, 492
Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works
Administration Appropriation Act 1938 funds
Allprojects
Building construction..
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
._
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
16, 629
13, 713
4,179
476
4,882
109
1,596
5,387
3,379
391
4,156
76
1,273
4,438
$1, 892, 796 ' 1, 664,168 !
;
482, 222
55, 362
671, 330
7,817
116, 746
559, 319
376,985
43,149
597, 663
7,818
128, 068
510, 485
$1.137
1.279 "
1.283
1.123
1.000
.912 !
1.096 i
$2, 204, 209
714, 325
137, 595
650,165
1,648
612, 090
1
2
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public roads.
* Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
» Not available: weekly average included in total for all projects.
• Includes data for workers engaged in constructiDn of underground tunnel who, because of the additional
risk involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid for building construction.
UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY
Table 16 shows data concerning employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in December 1940 on low-rent projects of the United
States Housing Authority.
35
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Rent Housing Projects Operated by the
United States Housing Authority, December 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Geographic division
Maximum2
Weekly
Monthly
p a y rolls
average
Value of
Man-hours Average material
worked
earnings
orders
during
per hour placed durmonth
ing m o n t h
All divisions..:
48,008
40,824
$4,886,898
5,171,666
$0.945
$6,699,014
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central.
South Atlantic
4,812
6,999
5,673
269
12,969
4,133
5,880
4,77B
228
11,175
610,244
892,921
710,992
25,617
1,109,941
543,776
713,467
599,110
28, 234
1,430,934
1.122
1.252
1.187
.907
.776
737,349
1,184,921
993,311
21,669
1,562,012
6,200
7,100
851
1,475
1,660
5,147
6,04D
729
1,247
1,472
552, 207
662,468
103,760
159,430
59,318
662, 211
787,856
86,050
141,764
178,264
.834
.841
1.206
1.125
.333
719,910
997,455
236,830
203,249
42, 308
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific
Outside continental United States
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM
A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in
December on projects financed by the Work Projects Administration
is shown in table 17, by type of project.
TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects
Administration, December 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project
Maximum l
Monthly
pay rolls
Weekly
average
Value of
Man-hours Average material
orders
worked
earnings placed
during
per hour during
month
month
Projects operated by Work Projects Administration 2
All projects.
1,808,595 I $100,148, 212
222,528,367
$0,450
I
Projects operated by other Federal agencies
All projects...
Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
Building construction._
Forestry
Grade crossing elimination 4
Hydroelectric power plants «
Plant, crop, and livestock conservation
Professional, 4technical, and clerical.
Public roads _
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control. . _
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
66,308
5,472
32,191
6,913
45
1,212
6,481
3, 631
82
8,187
175
835
324
760
I
I
!
j
64, 459
$3,148, 501
7,293, 567
$0.432
$455,455
5,465
30,825
6,907
32
1,184
70,428
1, 634, 547
293, 555
3,495
52, 259
344,642
3, 542,803
720, 674
5,299
204, 772
.204
.461
.407
.660
.255
18,318
292,694
43, 415
0
25,364
6,451
3,561
57
8,049
162
718
301
747
321, 584
249, 220
4,620
433, 540
7,962
38,392
9,848
29,051
688,674
421, 282
7,261
1,132,014
.467
.592
.636
.383
.486
.358
.278
.433
21, 520
6,956
0
30, 244
3,536
3,994
3C4
9,110
107, 266
35, 430
67,061
1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Data are for the calendar month. Will be published by type of project in January pamphlet.
34 Data on a monthly basis are not available.
Projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
6 Projects under construction in Puerto Rico.
36
Data on employment, pay rolls, and man hours worked in December on each type of project operated by the Work Projects
Administration were not available when this report was prepared.
The figures for November are presented in table 18.
TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Work Projects
Administration, by Type of Project, Not^mber 1940
[Subject to revision]
Type of project
Employment l
Pay rolls
Man-hours
worked
Average
earnings
per hour
1,746,065
$90,800,674
200, 560,625
$0.453
Conservation
Highways, roads, and streets
Professional and service, excluding sewing
Public buildings
Publicly owned or operated utilities
41,906
707,156
328,260
157,146
174,607
2,167,242
33,188,550
20,139,868
8, 521,405
8,884,360
4, 798,590
79,799,022
40,179,517
17, 552,602
18,962, 790
.452
.416
.501
.485
. 469
Recreational facilities
Sanitation
Sewing
Airports and airways
Not elsewhere classified—Total
78,573
20,953
122, 225
45,398
69,841
4,422,868
1, 083, 582
5,899,955
2, 044, 501
4,448,343
9,026,834
2,614,160
14,714,568
4, 530,066
8, 382,476
.490
.415
.401
.451
.531
28, 656
41,185
1, 603,779
2,844, 564
3, 391,463
4,991, 013
.473
.570
All projects
.__.
National defense vocational training. _
Other...
1
Data for "All projects" represent the average of the weekly employment counts made as of each Wednesday during the calendar month. The distribution by type of project is, except for "National Defense
Vocational Training," estimated on the basis of employment on Nov. 27,1940.
NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION
Employment and pay rolls on the National Youth Administration
projects for November and December 1940 are shown in table 19.
TABLE 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects
December and November 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Pay rolls
Type of project
December
Total
.
Student work program
Out-of-school work program...
November
December
November
781,929
706,307
$9,629,742
$8, 572,169
450,547
331, 382
439, 548
266,759
3,107,372
6, 522,370
3,067,736
5, 504,433
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS
Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
November and December 1940 are presented in table 20.
37.
TABLE 20.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, December
1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Group
All groups
Pay rolls
December November
1940
1940
December
1940
_..
285,731
321,157
$12,928, 027
$14,016,434
2
251,264
180
1,528
32,759
286,560
204
1,539
32,854
7,817,785
24,760
314,125
4, 771, 357
8,898,469
27,120
258,148
4,832, 697
Enrolled personnel
Nurses 3
.
Educational advisers 3
Supervisory and technical 3
November
1940
1
Employment figure is monthly average for enrolled personnel, and number employed on last day of
month
for other groups.
2
December data include 4,023 enrollees and pay roll of $86,463 outside continental United States; in
November
the corresponding figures were 4,053 enrollees and pay roll of $77,987.
3
Included in executive service, table 14.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION
FINANCE CORPORATION
Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in December are presented in table 21, by type of project.
TABLE 21.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, December 1940 x
[Subject to revision]
Man-hours
worked
during
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Average
earnings
per hour
Employment 2
Monthly
pay rolls
All projects
1,775
$176,660
196,475
$0. 899
$1,147,322
Building construction
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage._
Heavy engineering
1,384
92
185
114
123,311
9,168
30,123
14,058
137,281
11,902
34, 785
12, 507
.898
.770
.866
1.124
3,880
142,380
11,386
Type of project
1
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
Includes 546 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $49,081; 52,247 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed of $50,265 on projects financed by RFC Mortgage Co.
3
CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR
APPROPRIATIONS
FEDERAL
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during December are given in table 22, by type of project.
38
TABLE 22.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From
Regular Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, December 1940 l
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type o f project
Maximum '
All projects
Weekly
average
!
Monthly j
pay rolls \
Man-hours Average
worked
earnduring
ings
per
month
hour
$0.836 $152, 544,727
3 752,830 697,973 $82,886,826 100,350,832
Airport construction
Building construction
Electrification:
Rural Electrification
Administration projects 4
Other than R. E. A. projects
Forestry..
Heavy engineering
Public roads &
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
.. ...
Other than naval vessels^. - _ .
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
2,736,076
57,614,867
.901
.825
4, 647, 264
83,816,345
11
106
(•)
26,055
875,892
452,727
6,933 ;
596 s
60,324
65,828
11 '
1,003 !
1,760
106 '
13,747 i
11,278
39,439 ! 3,438,210 i 5,258,841
25,243
3,639,749 ' 4,025,696
.517
.916
.570
1,219
.654
.904
2,152, 610
124, 781
194
79,194
9, 524,360
4,880,969
38,243
7,235
34, 344
6, 476
3, 661,960
920,826
5,131, 583
1,090,035
.714
.845
4,999,272
1,122, 846
112,021
27,417
4,082
1,168
17,061
108, 194
25,012
3, 619
1, 050
16 649
16, 491,093
2, 999,695
377,283
107,916
737,532
18,174,969
3,488,167
545,418
136,345
1,194,077
.907
.860
.692
.791
.618
34, 299,080
4,897,887
637,611
278,655
1,083,659
23,248
447,631
8,384
729
21,993
2,464,914
47,519,839
1
2
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government;
agency doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
4
Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
5
Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
• Not available, weekly average included in the total for all projects.
STATE-ROADS PROJECTS
A record of employment and pay roll disbursements on the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or
local funds in December 1940, compared with November 1940, and
December 1939, is presented in table 23.
TABLE 23.—Employment
and Pay
Rolls on Construction and Maintenance
of State
Roads, December 1940, November 1940, and December 1939 *
[Subject to revision]
Employment 2
Item
Pay rolls
December
1940
November
1940
December
1940
November
1940
Total.
142,539
179,345
122,882 $10,889,588 $12, 676,303
New roads
Maintenance. __
34,310
108,229
50, 846
128,499
19,066
103,816
December
1939
2,320,342
8, 569,246
3,660,844
9,015,459
December
1939
$9,030,150
1, 246,390
7, 783, 760
1 Projects financed wholly from State or local funds. December and November 1940 data are for the calendar month; December 1939 for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Average number working during month.
39
PURCHASES FROM PUBLIC FUNDS *
Table 24 shows the value of material orders placed on construction
projects financed by Federal funds in the fourth quarter of 1940.
Material orders placed on construction projects operated by the Work
Projects Administration, not included in this table because data were
not available, will be included in the complete report for the fourth
quarter to be published in the March pamphlet.
In the fourth quarter of 1940 on construction projects financed
from regular Federal appropriations, orders were placed for materials
valued at approximately $401,358,000. Of this amount $86,915,000
was expended for iron and steel products, $180,204,000 for machinery,
$28,534,000 for cement and concrete products, and $36,780,000 for
forest products. Of the $13,375,000 of material orders placed on the
Public Works Administration program, $4,118,000 was for iron and
steel products, $2,743,000 for machinery, $1,453,000 for cement and
concrete products, and $824,000 for forest products.
Previous sections of this report have shown the number of workers
employed at the site of construction projects financed from Federal
funds. The direct employment, however, is only a partial picture, as
the manufacture of the materials used on the projects also creates a
large amount of employment.
Estimates have been made of the man-months of labor created in
fabricating the materials used on the various programs (see table 3).
The estimates include only the labor required in the fabrication of
materials in the form in which it is to be used. No estimate is made
of the labor required in producing the raw materials or in transporting
them to the point of manufacture. In manufacturing structural steel,
for example, the only labor included is that occurring in the fabricating mills; no estimate is made for the labor created in mining,
smelting, and transporting the ore; nor for the labor in blast furnaces,
the open hearth furnaces, and the blooming mills.
The information concerning man-months of labor created in fabricating materials is obtained by sending a questionnaire to each firm
receiving an award for materials to be financed from Federal or State
funds. The manufacturer is requested to make an estimate of the
number of man-hours created in his plant in manufacturing the materials specified in the contract. For materials purchased directly by
contractors the Bureau estimates the man-months of labor created.
This estimate is based upon the findings of the 1937 Census of
Manufacturers,
The value of material orders placed on all construction projects
financed by Federal funds during the third quarter of 1940, is presented in table 25, by type of project.
i Unless otherwise specified, data presented in this section are as of the 15th of the month.
40
TABLE 24.—Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed byFederal Funds for the Fourth Quarter of 1940
Projects
Type of material
All materials
_
Textiles and their products-.
Awnings, tents, canvas, etc._
Carpets and rugs
Cordage and twine
Cotton products
Felt products
.
Jute products
Linoleum and asphalted-felt-base floor covering
Sacks and bags, other than paper
Upholstering, filling, batting, padding, and
wadding
Waste and related products
Textiles and their products, n. e. e.__.
Forest products.
Cork products
Furniture and related products
Lumber and timber products, n. e. c
Planing-mill products
Window and door screens and weatherstrip..
Forest products, n. e. c
ReconPublic U.S.H.A. struction
Works
Finance
Adminis- low-rent
tration i housing Corporation 2
Federal
agency
Regular I projects
financed
Federal
from
W . P . A3.
funds
$13,374,552 $21,276,497 I$1,846,261 $401,358,476
4,491
i
7,467
$1,841,371
479,243
5,660
209,546
1,320
68, 354
258
184
9
1,191
3,135
743
6
32
276
3
10
348
265
263
836
508
94,604
7,096
123
776
246
1,130
94
27
4,436
174, 558
823, 765
2,438,912
70,079
36,779,714
23, 713
189,628
378, 589
210,164
20,202
1,469
62
69, 521
1, 292,824
1,035,775
40,685
45
385
18,574
13,524 ! 1,692,391
3,948
" ~"~ I 28,754,079
188,671
6,285,963
27,044
68, 534
12,021 •..
2,581
22
16,686 I
Chemicals and allied products..
459, 410
199, 332
Ammunition and related products
Compressed and liquefied gases
1,862
8,201
842
Explosives
68,020
Paints, pigments, and varnishes
446, 300
112, 006
Chemicals and allied products, n. e. c....
10,406
11,105
Stone, clay, and glass products
.. 3, 763,124 5,950,866
Asbestos products, n. e. c
8,895
59,645
Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products,
n. e. c
429,044 1,613,559
Cement
908, 746
573,268
Concrete products._
—
543,798 2,260,998
Crushed stone
- 84,039 I
2,604
Glass
151,630
95,895
Lime
2,896
104,844
Marble, granite, slate, and other stone, cut
and shaped
461,614 : 101,350
Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise
treated
43 =
740
Sand and gravel
798,190 ; 364,817
Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler
covering, and gaskets
81,441 ! 164,616
Tiling,floorand wall, and terrazzo
161,747 I 87,642
Wall plaster, wallboard, and building insulation.
104,520 ! 470,838
Stone, clay, and glass products, n. e. c
26,521 !
50,050
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
4,118,038 ! 7,233,363
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
31,103
Doors, shutters, window sash and frames,
molding and trim, metal
469,888 j
Firearms
>
Forgings, iron and steel
I
51,121
Hardware, miscellaneous
) 198,303
Heating and ventilating equipment, except {
'•
pipe...
I 314,433
409
14
503
2,893
17, 798
719
578
111
325
2,875
261,560
58, 935
2,973,604 :
52,879
429
207
6,127
52,172
52,904
985,010
1,077,478
858,212
5,170
4,827
40,395
2,487
135, 516
57,448, 426
11, 336
362,062
19
5,474
57,480
28,317
5,903
4,622
5, 580
2,242,487
21,988,646
6,544,938
8,648,793
435,613
4,852
14,945
191, 376
28,640
18,800
30,161
409
117
1, 568,962
16,009
9,279
133
12,864,052
33,628
760
10,082
55,759
364, 622
1
7,782
120
2,624,952
93,281
22, 214
925
376,300
3,007
1,989
86,915,152
1,289,253
330,769
9,072
907,805
13,395
3,724,722
415,638
4,750
9,606
3, 717,135
2,028, 294
6,269
6
4,083
49, 701
859,036
20,944
7, 329, 300
22, 426
1 Includes material orders placed on Public Works Administration projects financed by the Emergency
Relief Appropriations Acts of 1935,1936, and 1937, and P. W. A. A. 1938 funds. Data on low-rent housing
projectsfinancedfrom N. I. R. A. and E. R. A. A. 1935 funds are also included.
2 Includes projectsfinancedby RFC Mortgage Co.
3 Includes projectsfinancedby transfer of W. P. A. funds to other Federal agencies under sec. 3, E. R. A.
A. 1938, and sec. 11-A, E. R. A. A. 1939.
41
TABLE 24.—Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed by
Federal Funds for the Fourth Quarter of 1940-—Continued
Projects
Type of material
ReconPublic T J . S . H . A . struction
Works low-rent Finance
Adminis- housing Corporatration
tion
Iron and steel, etc.—Continued.
$23,387
Nails and spikes
$6,219
Pipe and fittings, cast-iron
.. 219,064
489,808
195,076
379,827
Pipe and fittings, wrought-iron and steel
Plumbingfixturesand supplies, except pipe. _ 184, 512 1,511,431
Rail fastenings, except spikes
Rails, steel
7,931
Springs, steel
Steel, reinforcing
1,013,794 1,419,563::
Steel, structural
720,860
720,052
7,290 • 119,006
Stoves and ranges, other than electric-. .....
Switches, railway
47,498
10, 227
Tools, other than machine tools
- ..
Wire and wireworks products
.
83,368
92,978 :
Iron and steel and their products, n. e. c
550,410 • 298,766 ,
Nonferrous metals and their products-.
_.
Aluminum products
jer products
1 products
Sheet-metal products
Zinc products
Nonferrous metals and their products, n. e. c.
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
Electrical machinery, apparatus and supplies
E lectrical wiring and fixtures
Elevators and elevator equipment
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Machine tools
Meters (gas, water, etc.) and gas generators. _
Pumps and pumping equipment
Radio apparatus and supplies
Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus
Machinery, n. e. c
_ _._ .
Transportation equipment, air, land, and water__
Aircraft
Aircraft parts
Boats, steel and wooden
Carriages and wagons
Locomotives, other than steam Locomotives, steam
Motorcycles and parts
Motor vehicles, passenger
. __.
Motor vehicles, trucks
_
Railway cars, freight
Railway cars, mail and express.
R ailway cars, passenger
Transportation equipment, n. e. c . Miscellaneous
..._
Belting, miscellaneous
Coal and coke
Creosote
..
Instruments, professional and scientific-.
Mattresses and bed springs
Models and patterns
Paper products
Paving materials; asphalt, tar, crushed slag,
and mixtures
Petroleum products
Photographic apparatus and supplies
Roofing: Built-up and roll, asphalt shingles
and roof coatings except paint
.
Rubber products
._
Theatrical scenery and stage equipment
Window shades and fixtures
Other materials
_'
224,675
:
559,163
$1, 423
4,340
111,682
13,117
$645, 595
4, 736,099
6, 549, 754
3, 602,507
3,232
$6, 540
38,091
40,318
58,982
12,061
94,444
587
68,976
344
8,205,728
18, 732,883
5,727
21, 363
22,693
27,019
2,333
2,128,176
7,248 3,363,855
78, 381 20, 762,209
!
15,679
21,064
8,826
216,592
5,097,442
18,794
170,606
6
45,973
12
2,887
133
15,427
179,894
23,247
296,168
277,848
2,943,092
31,318
1,288,898
245
556,041
2,742,939
1,645,418
850,447 ISO, 203,963
920,780
906,964
225,157
88,318
20,410
3,018
211,842
2
7,245
1, 234, 678
23, 973
1,369
147
5,956
68, 657
173, 558
43, 958
21,311
27, 279
3,031
14, 520
19, 363
32,473,328
17, 208, 053
1,742,840
64,056,215
8,912, 974
4,541
14, 502,178
159,585 .
14,034
352,414
164,936
138,457
30, 997
516,430
323,944
40,820,305
64, 070
15, 618
1,766
208
2,401,801
52, 818
18,047
65,600
1,451
116,330
4,911
1,462 '
5,509
251,113
Federal
agency
projects
financed
from
W. P. A.
funds.
Regular
Federal
6,041
200, 788
245
214,712 •
122
6,123
2,453
208
1,001
30,874
1, 057,004
237,146
1,644
1,482,570! 2, 887,858
4," 424"
335
:
691,906
903
2,938
329,384
1,585
130,882
272
25,635
46,463
6,222
902
6,726
35, 765
9,425
130,717 j 29,059,131 ;
22
15,789
64,107
5,447
15,413
8,846
I
:
!
i
576, 935
25
1,009
43
45
2,108
80
12, 581
198, 675
335,615
232
47, 843
104,214
1,153
250
10, 273
6, 544,072
7,212,154
29, 428
136, 905
50,073
1,970
49, 476
9,954
29, 744
4,820
820,167
246,003
1,128
2,606
2,648
19,071
5,640
69, 744
2,400,688
114,871
1, 417,632
382,987
1,599
1,842
12,932,258
47
3,158
718
358. 278
TABLE 25.—Value of Material Orders Placed on Construction Projects Financed by Federal Funds for the Third Quarter of 1940
[Subject to revision]
Projects
Type of material
Total
Public Works
Administration i
U. S. H. A.
low-rent
housing
Reconstruction
Finance Corporation 2
Regular
Fedeeral
Federal agency
projects
financed from
W. P . A.
funds 3
Operated by
W. P.A.*
$362,724,077
$31, 597, 398
$23,636,679
$1,010, 378
$221,671,123
$1, 759,319
Textiles and their products.
7, 628, 288
109,325
116,065
2,373
163,991
4,094
7, 232,440
Cotton products
Textiles and their products, n. e. c
Forest products _
4, 315, 272
3, 313,016
28
109, 297
14
116,051
0
2,373
109
163,882
122
3,972
4,314,999
2,917,441
21, 730,102
3,548, 479
2, 638, 794
33, 278
7,917, 284
188, 231
7,404,036
3,822,715
17,846, 777
60, 610
2, 515, 369
1,000, 932
32,178
92, 556
2, 546,185
53
26,919
5,465
927, 446
6, 976,011
22, 827
10,729
177, 415
87
275,721
7,128, 315
0
4, 367, 419
324, 955
386, 233
8,044
1,336,960
39,764
2, 271, 463
1, 519, 655
2,190,088
657,676
115, 536
7,649
370, 864
7,720
115
6,104
1,825
791, 407
474, 934
70, 619
7,365
26, 554
5,845
597, 583
1,142,152
531, 728
All materials
Furniture and related products
Lumber and timber products, n. e. c_
Forest products, n. e. c
Chemicals and allied products-.
Explosives.Paints, pigments, and varnishes
Chemicals and allied products, n / e . c.
$83,049,180
89, 445, 423
8, 420, 742
6, 372,334
214, 258
44, 553, 770
277, 381
29, 606,938
Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products
Cement
Concrete products
Crushed stone
Sand and gravel
Wall plaster, wall board, and building insulation .
Stone, clay, and glass products, n. e. c
6,014, 457
31, 930, 777
10.126. 363
13, 406, 852
20, 319, 631
1,914,832
5, 732,511
851, 952
2, 223,191
1,708, 789
748, 482
1,573, 609
124, 623
1,190,096
1, 533,342
673, 741
2, 322, 283
88, 319
345, 883
626, 760
782,006
6,748
59,079
23,409
5,205
8,517
20,624
105, 629
26,328
91, 251
817, 287
20, 711, 654
1,742, 779
6, 491, 429
12, 428,233
654,167
1, 708, 221
58, 473
12, 294
31,134
2, 784, 504
8,157,483
4,302, 775
6,050, 518
5,904,916
476, 939
1,929, 803
Iron and steel, and their products not including machinery
79, 370,068
9,643,978
8,168, 674
240,775
46, 981, 510
305, 234
14,029, 897
2, 872, 468
5, 601,892
256,801
669,885
1,217, 651
4, 586, 774
82, 936
2,829,931
436, 508
641,376
3,172,983
2, 291,819
11, 749
1, 614, 239
13,799
8,165
50,186
51, 317
779,909
1, 200, 792
3, 201,818
26, 362, 688
988, 428
14, 447, 875
40,195
1,345, 256
3,048,035
2,318,947
2. 637,285
' 495,385
4,184,989
Stone, clay, and glass products
Hardware, miscellaneous
Pipe and fittings, cast iron
Plumbing, heating, ventilating equipment, except pipeStructural and reinforcing steel
Tools, other than machine tools
Iron and steel and their products, n. e. c
36,021, 417
1, 597, 322
23,280,073
20,049
4,469
112,839
35, 311
91, 534
14, 355
90,200
to
Nonferrous metals and their products
._....
Machinery, not including transportation equipment .__
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies
Machinery, n. e. c - - _ _ _ _
_
_.__--
Transportation equipment, air, land, and water..
Miscellaneous.Coal and coke
_
Paving materials: Asphalt, tar, crushed slag, mixture
Petroleum products
Roofing: Built-up and roll, asphalt shingles and roof coatings, except paint
Rubber products _
_. _.
Other materials
4,132, 448
533, 892
652,928
203,106
2, 368, 781
10, 772
110,747,910
6, 561, 487
2, 381, 957
270,172
98, 225, 428
201,275
362,969
3,107, 591
3, 702, 716
2,858, 771
1,183, 521
1,198, 436
126, 414
143, 758
24, 863, 437
73, 361, 991
36, 896
164, 379
1, 467, 424
1, 640,167
31, 380, 408
79, 367, 502
1,822, 213
236, 375
113
321
955,057
65,918
564,429
43, 480, 206
2, 218,165
2,919, 581
38,051
19,168, 342
666, 650
18, 469, 417
4, 691,190
12, 213,087
9, 247,874
37, 304
494, 478
486, 697
962
68, 714
132, 205
11
226
10,014
4, 558, 301
2, 729, 301
5, 762,988
3,888
85,647
58,854
90,724
8, 834, 721
2,797,116
946, 204
425,791
15,956,060
94,750
66,802
1,038,134
319, 554
8,542
2,389,604
5,826
2,782
19,192
231, 599
156, 323
5, 729,830
8,946
7,227
502,088
285, 529
184,115
6, 277, 212
2
i Includes material orders placed on Public Works Administration projects
financed
Includes projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co.
by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937, and P. W. A. A.
3 includes projects financed by transfer of W. P. A. funds to other Federal agencies
1938 funds. Data on low-rent housing projects financed from N. I. R. A. and E. R. A. A.
under
sec. 3, E. R. A. A. 1938, and sec. 11-A, E. R. A. A. 1939.
4
1935 funds are also included.
Does not include National Youth Administration projects.
CO
44
The needs of the Work Projects Administration for motor vehicles,
construction and other equipment, and miscellaneous services for use
on work relief projects are supplied in part through the rental of
equipment and the purchase of services. These rentals and services
on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration for the
third quarter of 1940, the second quarter of 1940, and the third quarter
of 1939 are shown in table 26, by type of rental and service.
TABLE 26.—Rentals and Services on Projects Operated by Work Projects Administration
[Subject to revision]
Third quar- Second quar- Third quarter of 1940
ter of 1939 i
ter of 1940
Type of rental and service
All rentals and services
Motor vehicles
...
Teams and wagons
C onstruction equip ment Other equipment
Other rentals and services
_
1 Revised.
O
$61,488, 716
$67,118,105
$59,344,055
24,931,270
290,715
18, 561,066
2, 892, 280
14, 813, 385
25, 770,644
405,360
17,404,927
2, 585, 824
20, 951, 350
23, 962, 891
473,936
20, 591,497
1, 592,435
12, 723, 296
@FedFRASER