Full text of Employment and Payrolls : August 1941

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Serial No. R. 1385
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave)
A. F. Hinrichs, Acting Commissioner
»»###++»+#++++##+##+##+####++#++»#+###+####*

EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Bjer,'Chief

AUGUST 1941

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1941




CONTENTS
Summary of employment reports for August 1941:
Total nonagricultural employment
._
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for August 1941:
Nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
..
Public employment
...

__.
.

. ..

Page
1
2
4
6
8
32

Tables
SUMMARY

TABLE 1.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary August 1941

5

NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 2.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups
TABLE 3.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States
.

7
7

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 4.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, August 1941_
TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, June through August
1941
TABLE 6.—Additional manufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, June, July, and August 1941
TABLE 7.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes
of employment and pay rolls, August 1940 through August
1941
.
TABLE 8.—Metropolitan areas—indexes of factory employment
TABLE 9.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wage-rate
changes during month ending August 15, 1941
_

14
20
26
28
29
31

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 10.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls, August 1941
TABLE 11.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
August 1941, by type of project
TABLE 12.—Housing projects of the United States Housing Authority—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, August 1941,
by geographic division
TABLE 13.—Work Projects Administration Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked on work relief projects, August
1941__.
._ .
__




(Hi)

33
33
34
34

IV
Page

TABLE 14.—Work Projects Administration Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked, July 1941, by type of
project
TABLE 15.—National Youth Administration student-work program and
out-of-school work program—employment and pay rolls,
August 1941
TABLE 16.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
August 1941
TABLE 17.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, August 1941, by type of project
TABLE 18.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
August 1941, by type of project
TABLE 19.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, August 1941




34
35
35
35
36
36

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR AUGUST 1941
Total Nonagricultural Employment
TOTAL civil nonagricultural employment in August amounted to
39,564,000, a gain of 283,000 since July; 2,188,000 since August 1929;
and 3,662,000 since August 1940. These figures do not include CCC
enrollees, workers on WPA or NYA projects, or the armed forces.
August marked the fifth consecutive month in which employment had
exceeded all previous levels.
The increase of employment in the first year of the defense program
was approximately equal to the gain experienced from the spring of
1933 to the spring of 1934, and larger than the expansion of any other
12-month period on record. The problem in 1933-34, however, was
that of putting unused resources back to work, whereas in the present
emergency it has been necessary to build and equip new plants, to
train hundreds of thousands of workers in new skills, and to adapt
mass-production methods to the manufacture of products which,
previous to the defense program, had not reached the mass-production
stage. This huge increase in employment was all the more remarkable in view of the fact that nearly a million and a half men were
inducted into the armed forces during the past year.
Unemployment declined from nearly 9,000,000 persons in June 1940
(the beginning of the defense program) to about 5,300,000 in August
1941, according to the monthly sample enumeration of the labor
force made by the WPA. Current employment opportunities,
however, have resulted in a sharp expansion of the labor force as
substantial numbers of women, retired workers, and youths have
entered the labor market.
All major branches of nonagricultural employment showed gains
over August 1940, the largest being in manufacturing where 2,005,000
more workers were employed than a year ago. Construction employment increased by 478,000 over this period, reflecting gains both in
defense construction and in private building. Trade employment
rose 375,000 over the year as a result of increased consumer expenditures following substantially larger factory pay-roll disbursements
and augmented farm income. Sizable advances also took place in




(l)

transportation and public utilities and in the Federal, State, and local
Government services. The armed forces of the Nation, which are
not included in the above nonagricultural employment figures,
reached a total of 1,944,000 in August, a rise of 1,395,000 since August
of last year.
Emergency employment increased 64,000 over the month as a
result of the following changes: An increase of 87,000 in the military
service and decreases of 12,000 on work-relief projects of the Work
Projects Administration, 4,000 on the out-of-school work program
of the National Youth Administration, and 7,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps.
Industrial and Business Employment
Employment in the strategic industries handling the greater part of
the defense-production orders continued to expand in August. The
aggregate gain in 18 important defense industries since the beginning
of the defense program in June 1940 amounted to 975,000 wage
earners or 60 percent, while for all manufacturing industries combined
the increase was 2,345,000, or 29 percent. Among the key defense
industries which reported substantial employment gains between
July and August were: Aircraft (19,100); electrical machinery (8,000);
blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills (7,700); shipbuilding
(6,600); machine-tool accessories (2,100); brass, bronze, and copper
products (2,000); and machine tools (1,600). The gain in shipbuilding
employment was smaller than in preceding months because of the
temporary closing of one large shipyard pending the settlement of
labor difficulties. The canning and preserving industry reported a
larger-than-seasonal increase of 78,300 wage earners, resulting largely
from Army, Navy, and lease-lend purchases.
The automobile industry reported a larger-than-seasonal decrease
of 70,800 wage earners, reflecting the change-over to 1942 model
production. Employment in the industry, however, had been at an
unprecedentedly high level in July. Aluminum-ware and die-casting
firms continued to report employment decreases owing to inability
to secure materials because of priority rulings. The silk and rayon
and hosiery industries reported substantial decreases in employment
because of the "freezing" of silk stocks. Firms engaged in other lines
of manufacturing, notably the metal-consuming industries, also
reported significant shortages of raw materials.
The advance in% employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing
industries combined carried the indexes to the highest levels on record
(132.8 and 157.8 percent, respectively, of the 1923-25 average). The
increase over the year interval was twice as large in pay rolls as in
employment because of substantial increases in working hours, over-




time premiums, and wage rates. Although employment in most
of the individual durable-goods industries showed substantial gains
between July and August, the group as a whole showed an increase
of only 0.5 percent, largely because of the decline in automobile
employment. Pay rolls in the durable-goods group, however, showed
a sizable rise (2.8 percent). The nondurable-goods group as a whole
showed gains of 3.1 percent in employment and 4.2 percent in pay
rolls.
Employment and pay-roll gains over the month interval were
general in the mining industries. In wholesale trade the gains were
of larger-than-seasonal proportions, while in retail trade employment
and pay rolls fell slightly, the declines being much smaller than the
average July-August recessions of 0.7 and 1.4 percent, respectively.
Private building-construction employment and pay rolls increased by
less than the usual amount between July and August, but were,
respectively, 15.3 percent and 27.2 percent higher than a year ago.
A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for
class I steam railroads showed an employment gain of 1.7 percent
between July and August, the total number employed in August being
1,207,569. Corresponding pay-roll figures for August were not available when this report was prepared. For July they were $197,166,275,
an increase of $9,301,519 since June. About two-thirds of this
increase was due to the fact that July covered 31 days while June had
only 30 days.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners were 41.0 in August, an increase of 1.8 percent
since July. The corresponding average hourly earnings were 74.5
cents, a gain of 0.2 percent over the preceding month. The average
weekly earnings of factory wage earners (both full- and part-time
combined) were $31.65, an increase of 1.6 percent since July. Eight
of the sixteen nonmanufacturing industries regularly surveyed reported increases in average weekly earnings. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hours are available, 10 showed
gains in average hours worked per week and 9 reported increases in
average hourly earnings. Wage-rate increases averaging 7.3 percent
and affecting more than a quarter of a million wage earners were
reported by about 900 manufacturing plants out of a reporting sample
of approximately 34,000 plants employing more than 7,600,000 wage
earners. Substantial numbers of workers received pay raises in the
following industries: Meat packing; agricultural implements; shipbuilding; engines; aircraft; brass, bronze, and copper products; woolen
and worsted goods; and automobiles. Wage-rate increases reported
for nonmanufacturing industries affected about 30,000 workers, of
whom about half were employed by public utilities. As the Bureau's
survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and, further-




more, as some firms may have failed to report wage changes, these
figures should not be construed as representing the total number of
wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing
industries.

Public Employment
In spite of decreasing employment on building construction, the
number of men at work on construction projects financed from
regular Federal appropriations showed a gain of 11,000 during the
month ending August 15. Sizable increases were reported on the
construction of naval and cargo vessels; reclamation; dredging, dike,
and revetment; Federal-aid road; and miscellaneous projects. Of the
883,000 construction workers employed on projects financed from
regular funds, approximately three-fourths were working on defense
projects. Pay-roll disbursements on all types of projects amounted to
$129,039,000.
Employment on low-rent projects under the United States Housing
Authority showed a loss of 3,000 in the month ending August 15.
Of the 44,200 building-trades workers employed on housing projects, approximately 27 percent were working on defense housing.
Total pay-roll disbursements amounted to $5,034,000.
Approximately 14,700 men were employed on construction projects
financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Defense
projects accounted for 11,700 workers and nondefense projects for
3,000. Pay-roll disbursements of $2,347,000 were $439,000 more
than in the preceding month.
For the seventh consecutive month, employment on work relief
projects of the Work Projects Administration showed a decline.
In August 1,043,000 persons were employed on work-relief projects
as compared with 1,055,000 in July. Approximately 350,000 persons
were working on defense projects and 693,000 on nondefense projects.
Wage payments of $62,100,000 were $6,100,000 less than in July.
The number of employees in camps of the Civilian Conservation
Corps declined 7,000 in August. Of the 203,300 on the pay roll
174,000 were enrollees; 1,200, educational advisers; 100, nurses; and
28,000, supervisory and technical employees. Pay-roll disbursements
amounted to $9,989,000.
In the regular services of the Federal Government increased employment was reported in the executive and military branches, while
decreases were reported in the judicial and legislative branches.
Of the 1,444,985 employees in the executive service, 186,931 were
working in the District of Columbia and 1,258,054 outside the District.
Force-account employees (employees on the pay roll of the United




States Government who are engaged on construction projects, and
whose period of employment terminates as the project is completed)
constituted 12 percent of the total number of employees in the
executive service. Increased employment was again reported in the
War and Navy Departments.
A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal
services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal
funds is given in table 1.
TABLE 1.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in Regular Federal Services and on
Projects Financed Wholly or Partially from Federal Funds, August 1941
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
August
1941

July
1941

Federal services:
Executive 1
1,444,985 1,391,689
2,637
2,578
Judicial6,142
6,048
Legislative
1,944,094 1,857,442
Military
Construction projects:
Financed by regular Federal
872,663
883,408
appropriations
Defense
Other
USHA low-rent housing.

652,643
230, 765
44,191

653,779
218, 884
3 47,240

12,023
32,168
5,909
14, 670

313,462
33, 778
7,456
13,398

Pay rolls
Percentage
change

August
1941

J u l y 1941

+3.8 $217,772, 054 $205,977, 306
-2.2
641,349
647, 810
-1.5
1,334,808
1,334, 763

Percentage
change

+5.7
-1.0
(2)

+4.7

129,582,075

122,384,486

+5.9

+1.2

129,039,031

121,148,189

+6.5

-.2

+5.4

104, 638, 898
24,400,133
5,034,069

98, 908,072
22,240,117
3 4,879,343

+5.8
+9.7
+3.2

-10.7
-4.8
-20.7

1,422,272
3, 611, 797
672,435
2,347,076

31,320,437
3, 558,906
807, 747
1,908, 303

-6.5

Defense11,644
10, 719
Other
3,026
2,679
Work Projects Administration Pro1,042, 565 1,054,901
jects

+13.0

+8.6

1,969,029
378,047

1, 587,160
321,143

-1.2

62,100,000

68,231,116

+7.7
+1.5
-16.8
+23.0
+24.1
+17.7
-9.0

Defense
_
__ .
Other
National Youth Administration:
Student Work Program
Out-of-school Work Program
Civilian Conservation Corps....

-2.2
-.7
-85.4
-1.3
-3.3

20, 800,000
41, 300,000

22,033,112
46,198,004

-5.6
-10.6

1,350
7. 564, 639
9,988, 793

12,375
7,163,747
10,388,164

-89.2

Defense
Other
Financed by PWA *..
Financed by RFC «.

349,719
692, 846

357,424
697,477

338
318.388
203,271

2,309
322,736
210,121

+9.5

+5.6
-3.8

1
Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to
the extent of 202,075 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $29,816,240 for August 1941, and 195,657 employees
and pay-roll disbursements of $29,202,412 for July 1941.
2
Increase less than 1/10 of 1 percent.
34 Revised.
Data covering PWA projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency Relief
Appropriation Acts of 1935,1936,1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938
funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed by the Work Projects Adminis
tration. Includes 3,125 wage earners and $333,772 pay roll for August 1941; 3,446 wage earners and $358,713
pay roll for July 1941, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency Relief
Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 2,627 wage earners and $328,128 pay roll for
August
1941 financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938.
6
Includes 595 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $95,544 for August 1941; 467 employees and pay-roll
disbursements of $93,869 for July 1941 on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.

423153—41

2




6

DETAILED TABLES FOR AUGUST 1941
Estimates of Nonagricultural Employment
THE estimates of "Total civil nonagricultural employment/' given
on the first line of table 2 represent the total number of persons engaged
in gainful work in the United States in nonagricultural industries,
excluding military and naval personnel, persons employed on WPA or
NYA projects, and enrollees in CCC camps. The series described as
"Employees in nonagricultural establishments" also excludes proprietors
andfirmmembers, self-employed persons, casual workers, and persons
in domestic service. The estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural
establishments" are shown separately for each of seven major industry
groups. Tables giving figures for each group, by months, for the
period from January 1929 to date are available on request.
The figures represent the number of persons working at any time
during the week ending nearest the middle of each month. The totals
for the United States have been adjusted to conform to the figures
shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations for the number of nonagricultural "gainful workers" less the number shown to have been unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. Separate
estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" are
shown in table 3 for each of the 48 States and the District of Columbia
for July and August 1941 and August 1940. Tables showing monthly
figures for each State from January 1938 to date are available on request. Because the State figures do not include employees on merchant vessels, and because of certain adjustments in the United States
estimates which have not been made on a State basis, the total of the
State estimates will not agree exactly with the figures for the United
States as a whole.
These estimates are based in large part on industrial censuses and
on regular reports of employers to the United States Bureau of Labor
Statistics and to other Government agencies, such as the Interstate
Commerce Commission. Data derived from employers' quarterly reports in connection with "old age and survivors' insurance," and employers' monthly reports in connection with unemployment compensation have been used extensively as a check on estimates derived
from other sources, and in some industries they have provided the most
reliable information available.




TABLE 2.—Estimates of Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups
[In thousands]
Change
July to
August
1941

Change
August
1940 to
August
1941

August
1941 (preliminary)

July 1941

Total civil nonagricultural employment 1

39, 564

39, 281

+283

35,902

+3, 662

Employees
in nonagricultural establishments i 2
Manufacturing 3 ...
Mining
Construction
Transportation and public utilities. _
Trade
Finance, service, and miscellaneous-. -

33, 421
12,168
904
1,921
3,323
6,543
4,394

33,138
11, 995
888
1,895
3,290
6,512
4,394

+283
+173
+16
+26
+33
+31

29,759
10,163
839
1,443
3,081
6,168
4,226

+3, 662
+2,005
+65
+478
+242
+375
+168

4,168
1,944

4,164
1,857

+4
+87

3,839
549

+329
+1, 395

Industry

Federal, State, and local Government:
Civil employees
Military and naval forces 4 ..

August
1940

0

1
Excludes military and naval forces as well as employees on WPA and NYA projects, and enrollees in CCC
camps. Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants.
Includes allowance for adjustment of factory wage-earner totals to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures.
Revised
series available on request.
2
Excludes all of the groups omitted from "Total civil nonagricultural employment" as well as proprietors,
firm
members,
self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants.
3
Adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures.
4
Not included in total shown above. Includes members of the National Guard inducted into the Federal
service by act of Congress.

TABLE 3.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by States
[Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed
forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels]
[Numbers in thousands]

Geographic division
and State

August
1941
(preliminary)

July
1941

Change
July to August
1941

Number

2,961
223
153
80
1,530
276
699

2,944
217
152
80
1,527
272
696

+17
+6
+1

Middle Atlantic
New Y o r k . .
New Jersey
Pennsylvania .

8,484
4,189
1,302
2,993

8,429
4,140
1,314
2,975

+55
+49

East North Central—.
Ohio
Indiana.
Illinois . . .
Michigan..
Wisconsin..

7,774
2,057
944
2,560
1,487
726

7,792
2,041
929
2,527
1,564
731

-18
+16
+15
+33
-77
-5

West North Central

2,592
587
440
857
79
85
217
327

2,559
578
430
849
79
85
213
325

+33




0

+3
+4
+3
-12

+18

+9
+10
+8
0
0

+4
+2

+0.6
+2.8

+.5
+.2
+.2
+1.4
+.5
+.6
+1.2
-.9
+.6
-.2

+.8
+1.5
+1.3
-4.9
-.7

+1.3
+1.5
+2.3
+1.0
+.1
+1.*6
+•7

to August 1941
Number

Percentage

New England
Maine
New Hampshire...
Vermont . . . .
Massachusetts..
Rhode Island.
Connecticut-.

Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota..
South Dakota..
Nebraska .
Kansas..

Change
August 1940

August
1940

Percentage

2,536
198
135
74
1,321
228
580

+425
+25
+18
+209
+48
+119

+6

+16.7
+12.5
+13.0
+8.0
+15. 8
+20.8
+20.5

7,710
3,881
1,166
2,663

+774
+308
+136
+330

+10.0
+8.0
+11.6
+12.4

6,780
1,775
786
2,255
1,319
645

+994
+282
+158
+305
+168
+81

+14.7
+15.9
+20.1
+13.5
+12.8
+12.6

2,360
536
409
759
78
85
200
293

+232
+51
+31
+98
+1
0
+17
+34

+9.8
+9.4
+7.5
+12.9

+

l\

+8.3
+ii. a

TABLE 3.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by

States—Continued
[Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed
forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels]
[Numbers in thousands]

Geographic division
and State

August
1941
(preliminary)

July
1941

Change
July to August
1941

South Atlantic
Delaware. _
Maryland..
District of Columbia..
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina..
South Carolina..
Georgia..
Florida..

4,019
81
626
410
603
411
661
325
543
359

3,938
79
610
409
597
405
625
320
532
361

+81
+2
+16
+1
+6
+6
+36
+5
+11

+2.0
+2.3
+2.6
+.2
+.9
+1.3
+5.8
+1.6
+2.1

East South Central

1,519
389
497
432
201

1,502
389
490
424
199

2,028
203
400
307
1,118

1,993
193
393
306
1,101

+1.1
+.1
+1.3
+2.0
+1.1
+1.7
+5.1

863
122
94
59
248
125
38

853
120
91
59
244
80
95
126
38

+17
0
+7
+8
+2
+35
+10
+7
+1
+17
+10
+2

2,837
499
284
2,054

2,766
490
276
2,000

Kentucky
Tennessee..
Alabama
Mississippi...
West South Central

Arkansas..
Louisiana..
Oklahoma..
Texas..
Mountain

MontanaIdaho
Wyoming..
Colorado
New Mexico..
Arizona
Utah
Nevada..

[81
[96

Pacific

Washington..
Oregon
California..

August
1940

Percentage

Number

-2

+

l

+4
+1
+1
0

+71
+9
+8
+54

-.7

+1.6
+1.3
+1.8
+4.0
+.6
+1.5
+.7
+1.1
-.8
+1.1
+2.5
+1.8
+2.9
+2.7

Change
August 1940
to August 1941

Number
+535

Percentage

+15.3
+4.6
+20.8
+17.3
+22.8
+10.7
+11.1
+17.2
+16.3
+6.2

3,484
77
518
350
491
371
595
277
467
338

+108
+60
+112
+40
+66
+48
+76
+21

1,336
358
436
365
177

+183
+31
+61
+67
+24

+13.7

1,813
179
360
286
988

+215
+24
+40
+21
+130

+11.8
+13.7
+11.0
+7.1
+13.1

793
116
88
55
227
71
86
116
34

+70

2,488
434
250
1,804

+349
+65
+34
+250

+8.9
+4.7
+6.9
+9.0
+9.5
+13.0
+11.4
+8.1
+12.6
+14.0
+14.9
+13.9
+13.9

+4

+6
+6
+4
+21
+10
+10
+9
+4

48.5
+13.9
+18.5
+13.7

Industrial and Business Employment
Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for 157
manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including
private building construction; water transportation; and class I
steam railroads. The reports for the first 2 of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. • The figures on water transportation
are based on estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission and
those on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. They are presented in the foregoing summary.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls relate to wage
earners only. Those shown in tables 4 and 5 are based on the 3-year
average 1923-25 as 100. For all manufacturing industries combined,
the durable-goods group, the nondurable-goods group, and aluminum




9
manufactures, they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census
figures and for automobiles to the 1933 census. The indexes for all
other groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census data
except for the aircraft industry and the transportation equipment
group, which have been adjusted on the basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in August 1940. The over-all manufacturing indexes are
computed from reports supplied by representative manufacturing
establishments in 90 of the 157 industries surveyed. These reports
cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage
earners in the 90 industries covered.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
and dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for
public utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except
corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties
are mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum production they cover
wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting
samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from
approximately 25 percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing and
cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for quarrying
and nonmetallic mining, anthracite mining, and public utilities.
The indexes for retail trade have been adjusted to conform in general
with the 1935 Census of Retail Distribution and are weighted by lines
of trade. For the public utilities they have been adjusted to the
1937 Census of Electrical Industries, for wholesale trade to the 1933
census, and for coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing
and cleaning to the 1935 censuses.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and the amount of pay
rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
The average weekly earnings shown in tables 4 and 5 are computed
by dividing the weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments by
the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As not
all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours worked
per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on data
furnished by a slightly smaller number of reporting firms. The size
and composition of the reporting sample vary somewhat from month
to month and, therefore, the average hours per week, average hourly
earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly
comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed
to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the
general movement of earnings and hours over the period shown.
The changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are




10
based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes
from August 1940 are computed from chain indexes based on the
month-to-month percentage changes.
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE HOURS, AND
AVERAGE EARNINGS

The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in August
1941 are shown in table 4. Percentage changes from July 1941 and
August 1940 are also given.
Employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
June, July, and August 1941, where available, are presented in table
5. The June and July figures, where given, may differ in some instances from those previously published because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late reports. Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 6 for 55 additional manufacturing
industries for the months of June, July, and August, 1941. These
indexes are based on 1939 as 100 and are available in mimeographed
form for the period from January 1939 to January 1941, inclusive.
In table 7 indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from August 1940 to August 1941,
inclusive. The indexes for all manufacturing industries combined,
the durable-goods group, and the nondurable-goods group have been
adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. Comparable indexes for
all available months and years back to January 1919 are given in
tables 9, 10, and 11 of the December 1940 issue of this pamphlet.
The chart on page 11 indicates the trend of factory employment and
pay rolls from January 1919 to August 1941.
Indexes of factory employment by metropolitan areas and cities of
100,000 population or over according to the 1930 Census of Populations
are given in table 8 for July and August 1941 and August 1940,
together with percentage changes from July to August 1941 and from
August 1940 to August 1941.
Use of average hourly earnings in "escalator"

clauses.—Average

hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in table 4, have
been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1932.
These averages are published for the use of those who wish either to
compare the average earnings of wage earners in different industries,
or to study the changes in average earnings over a period of time.
Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated.




EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
ALL-MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
1923-25-100

INDEX

INDEX

200

180

180

(

160

140

120

100

J
j

f

80

VV

I

V

V

60
PAY ROLL

40

P

d'J
i

PMP

/v N

V /

120

100

60

40

1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942




140

80

IT

V

TATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

160

"

ADJUSTED TO 1939 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURERS

12
The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group maychange from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By
reason of changes in the wages paid or (2) by reason of changes in the
composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different
periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident
that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners
employed in a high-wage industry increases proportionally more than
employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings
for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place
even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any
wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual
hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage
earners in the group. The averages contained in table 4 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods, and for the various
subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products/'
reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure
the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work
in each respective period.
To an increasing extent, use is being made of these average hourly
earnings figures in so-called "escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that
might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise
no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have
been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments
to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly
earnings in the durable-goods industries.
It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's
average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable
to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with a certain degree of caution. The purpose for which they were compiled
limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of
change in labor rates. In these months the averages usually show a
seasonal movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly earnings figure in the durable-goods industries dropped from
73.2 cents in June 1940 to 72.7 cents in July 1940. This drop was due
not to a general decline in wages in this period but almost entirely to
the fact that employment in the automobile industry declined sharply
as the result of model changes. This industry is a high-wage industry
in which the average hourly earnings are about 95 cents an hour. Between June and July 1940 employment in the automobile industry
dropped from 104.9 to 82.3. This relative decline, of a purely seasonable character, in the number of highly paid automobile workers was
very largely responsible for the decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in durable-goods industries.




13
By way of illustration of the problem involved it would be possible
to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in
the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at
work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries the
same weights in July and August 1940 that they had in June 1940 and
considering only the influence of changes in average earnings in each
industry, we find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July
and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the
published figures from July to August. This means that from June
1940 to August 1940, the currently published figures show a slight
decline over this 3-month interval whereas the series computed with
constant weights shows a small gain.
It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type of
average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the contracts already drawn; least of all can the method of compiling an
average be changed. It is obvious, however, that in incorporating any
statistical series in legal documents careful consideration should be
given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and
to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau
are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's
series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied,
these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in
the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the
one hand a careful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the
contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to
discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in
mind.

423153-41-




TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, August 1941
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures," they have been adjusted to prelim •
inary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon requestj
Employment
Industry

All manufacturing *
Durable goods 2
Nondurable goods 2_.
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.__
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel3-.
Hardware
... ..
Plumbers' supplies*
..._
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings..
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork__.
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including 3edge tools, machine
tools, files, and saws)
Wirework..
.
«_.




Index
Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

Average weekly
earnings l

Pay rolls

Index
Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

Aug.
1941

+1.8 +23.6
+.5 +35.2
+3.1 +13.6

157.8

+3.4

+49.6

$31. 65

177.1
136.2

+2.8
+4.2

+66.3
+30.5

36.54
25.37

139.9
149.1
171.0
96.1

+1.6 +26.4
+1.3 +22.1
+2.2 +48.8
-1.5

+19.9

172.1
183.3
240.8
111.8

+3.5
+1.0
+7.3
-.3

+51.5
+46.8
+73.6
+46.5

127.4
110.8
113.2
102.6
225.1

+3.1
+2.4
+9.1
+.9
+1.4
+5.2
+.5
+2.0
+4.6
+1.6

+25.6
+52. 3
+18.2
+18.2
+36.9

147.5
169.3
153.6
107.1
288.5

+9.3
+6.9
+23.8
+5.4
+6.0

+39.6
+20.0
+36.9
+34.4

147.7
127.6
123.8
184.7

+49.2
+32.6

183.3
252.3

132.8
138.4
127.5

125.2
117.2
109.5
145.3
142.6
193.7

-9.1

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Average hours worked
per week *

Aug.
1941

Aug.
1940

+1.6 +21.0
+2.3 +23.1
+1.0 +11.5

41.0

36.14
38. 81
33.76
27.91

+1.8

+19.9
+20.3
+16.7
-22.2

41.4
40.1
45.0
41.1

+58.2
+96.1
+44.3
+31.2
+58.0

30.38
41.41
33.11
30.21
29.77

+26.1
+28.9
+21.9
+11.2
+15. 4

44.0
45.9
42.8
40.1
41.6

+7.4
+4. 5
+10.5
+7.8

+74. 5
+43.1
+69.9
+51.4

35.51
30.70
36.84
28.42

+25.0
+19.4
+24.1
+12.7

44.0
41.5
44.3
42.9

+5.2

+91.7
+54. 4

32.82
31.75

+6.1
+4.4
+13.5
+4.5
+4.6
+2.1
+4.0
+8.3
+3.0
+3.5
+2.2

+28.5
+16.5

46.5
41.5

o

+5.0
-1.2

42.6
39.4

Percentage
change from—

Average hourly
earnings *

Aug.
1941

July
1941

Aug.
1940

+0.2
+.4
+.3

+12.0

87.1
96.8
80.2
67.5

+.9
+.3
+3.9

+12.7
+14.1
+14.7
+13.5

70.2
90.5
77.5
75.3
72.0

+13.3
+15.4
+12.0
+9.5
+9.5

81.1
74.0
82.9
66.9

+1.9
+1.2
+9.3
+1.3
+.6
+.9
+1.1
+.8
+.8

70.8
76.0

-3.2

+3.4

+11.3
+11.6

July
1941

Aug.
1940

+1.8
+2.7
+1.0

+7.0

Cents
74.5

+7.6
+5.7

83.0
65.8

+3.6 +6.5
+3.6 +5.2
+7.8 +8.5
+1.4 +7.9
+4.6 +11.3
+3.2 +11.8
+3.9 +9.2
+3.1 +1.2
+4.0 +4.8
+1.2 +10.0
+3.0 +6.9
+7.3 + 11.3
+2.1 +6.2
+6.9 +16.1
-1.3

+4.2

Percentage
change from—

-.4

+14.0
+7.6

+13.5
+10.5
+11.8
+6.4

Machinery, not including transportation equipment
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products..
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts.
Typewriters and parts

175.5
172.0
170.3
167.4
314.2
143.6
351.5
202.4
108.4
155.7

Nonferrous metals and their products
Aluminum manufactures 7
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording
devices..
Jewelry
Lighting equipment
._
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead and zinc_.

145.7
238.9
192.8

Lumber and allied products
Furniture
Lumber:
MillworkSawmills

81.0
108.4
78.1
70.7

See footnotes at end of table.




+32.4
+57.0

241.3
227.5
223.1
240.0

+78.6
+42.9
+48.0
+28.8
+42.0
+31.9

540.8
182.3
553.4
234.0
135.8
222.3

+47.2
+31.1

+3.6

+84.1

-.4

+49.7
+64.2
+94.0

+4.3
+3.4
+7.3 +125. 2
+3.3 +80.0
+3.5 +82.7
+7.0 +56.2
+2.3 +84. 8
+2.4 +77.3

-4.5 +63.2 224.1 -2.3 +93.9
171.4
7, 959. 9 +9.3 +128.8 10,462.0 +15.3 +180. 7
109.3 -13.8 +27.9
137.3 -13.1 +42.8
+3.2 +98.6
89.2
+.2 +74.2
93.7
78.9
+4.2 +139.1 104.9 +2.4 +219. 8
+5.6
+190. 8
388.3
+
114.4
+3.5
614.6

Transportation equipment *«
..._
Aircraft»
Automobiles6
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad 3_.
Locomotives
Shipbuildings...
_

Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
_
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products..
Pottery
_
_

+1.9
+.4
+1.7
+2.2
+5.5
+.7
+1.6
+7.2
+2.0
+1.7

..

117.6
117.9
115.7
84.8
103.5

101.3
79.4
83.4
130.0
44.4
119.4

+1.5 +28.0
+2.2 +22.4
+1.6 +39.5
-.6

+5.6
-.6

+

i?

+1.9
+2.7
+3.1
+.9
+1.7
+2.3
+1.1
+1.6
-1.7
+2.3

182.0
342.8
273.9

+23.5
+19.1
+31.8
+23.4
+13.2

145.8
113.1
122.4
94.4
118.4

+13.6
+19.1
+21.7
+8.9

92.5
116.1

+19.9
+23.4
+11.9
+21.6
-8.7
+31.4

104.1
77.0
93.6
155.4
35.9
124.1

74.9
80.6

38.16
36. 31
40.76
37.44
45.77
37.72
43. 53
28.32
34.49
35.01
41.24
38.46
41.14
33.29
40.74
46.47

+4.5
+7.2
+3.8
+5.3
+7.5
+3.9
+8.0
+1.5
+8.2
+5.4

+55.6
+47.2
+70.4

34.99
35.67
39.11

+43.8
+36.3
+60.0
+56.0
+33.3

27.37
25.72
33. 08
32.33
32.29

+35.4
+42.1

24.72
25.43

+9.6
+9.6
+5.3
+4.8
+3.3
+5.7
+3.1
+8.0

+42.7
+29.4

26.28
23.58

+35.4
+43.5
+28.8
+34.1
-2.2
+53.2

27.97
25.30
31.82
29.28
28.36
26.22

+1.7

+25.0
+14.1
+2.6 +24.1
+1.2 +23.6
+1.8 +26.1
+2.6 +26.0
+1.9 +23. 5
2 +21.3
+'3 +30.2
+.7 +34.4

45.1
40.1

+2.3
+5.4
+.8
+3.1

+18.7
+19.5
+11.6
+14.1
- 1 . 8 +33.7
+35.7
+2.1
+3.0 +21.5
+4.9 +20.4
+2.2 +22.2

41.9
45.6
39.0
39.4
46.1
44.4

+1.8
+2.1
+1.8

43.0
42.6
45.0

+6.0 +16.4
+1.8 +14.5
+4.6 +21.5
+6.1 +26.4
+.7 +17.7
+6.2 +19.2
+2.7 +19.5
+6.2 +17.1
+9.2 +19.2
+3.5 +13.0
+ 2.4 +16.3
+2.2 +15.1
+3.9 +10.3
+4.9 +7.1
+5.6 +16.6

40.0
42.5
42.0
44.1
39.5

+2.5
+4.3
+1.7
+3.9
+2.2
+3.9
+4.9
+.4

-.8

44.6
43.9
46.2
45.6
51.2
41.3
46.6
46.4

41.8
42.5
43.3
41.1
38.5
38.9
40.7
37.6
38.2
38.3

+1.2

+9.8
+2.0
+1.6 +11.3
+1.2 +8.7
-.2
+5.1
+2.2 +11.5
+.9 +9.7
+.2 +7.2
+.1 +17.5
+.1 +16.9
-2.7

84.4
90.7
91.8
85.3
98.6
82.6
85.0
68.7
74.4
75.4

+5.6
+4.0
+.7
+1.7
-4-18. 3
+11.1

99.0
85.5
105.7
84.4
88.4
103.9

+6.6
+5.8
+6.9
+1.4
+7.6
+6.7
+12.2
+3.1
+4.8 +6.2
+2.7 +7.2
+3.6 +5.0
+6.4 +5.7
+3.1 +3.7
+1.3 +2.1
+1.2 +5.3
+4.5 +5.2
+4.0 +3.5
+4.9 +5.5

80.8
84.1
88.1

-.3
-.5
-.8

68.4
60.7
78.3
74.1
81.7
58.8
60.2
61.2
57.4
72.1
64.6
77.8
78.2
73.2
68.7

+.7
+2.0
+.2
+.1

+13.8
+11.9

+2.0
+.7
+1.0

+20.2
+13.0
+12.5
+ 13.3
+10.7
+14.9

-.4

+.2
+.6
+.2
+4.3
Q

+3^3
-1.3
+2.6

+.5
+.5
+.4
+2.0
-.4
+.7
+1.1
+.4
+1.8
-.1

+2.7
+2.6
+.2
+.2
+.9
—.1
0

+L0

+11.6
+13.4

+11.8
+14.6
+10.8
+11. 3
+13.0
+21.5
+14.4
+13.7
+14.7
+15.1
+8.4
+14.0
+13.3
+14. 3
+12.4
+11.8
+11.8
+12.7
+8.1
+13.8
+9.4
+5.0
+1.4
+9.2

TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, August 1941—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued]

Employment
Industry

Index
Aug.
1941

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

+2.0

+15.8
+18.3
+26.8
+23.9
+38.8
+12.2
-5.3
+4.0
+15.7
+18.2
+8.8
+7.9
+25.4
+11.2
+14.9
+7.2
+8.7
+10.6
+8.9
+14.1
+9.9
+7.9
+18.0
+8.6
+4.2
+9.7
+7.6
+15.2
+14.2

Index
Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—

Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July

July
1941

Aug.
1940

+5.2
+1.1
+4.8
+2.6
+2.4

+36.7 $21.04 +3.1 +18.0
+41.5 20.63 +1.1 +19.7
+59.7 28.47 +3.0 +26.0
+57.7 18.58 +1.9 +27.3
+70.1 22.70 +1.2 +22.5
+30.2 23. 57
+.6 +16.0
+8.7 30.48
+.9 +14.9
+7.6 19.51 - 2 . 1 +3.4
+29.0 19.70 +2.3 +11.5
-.9
+38.6 17.75
+17.5
+21.4 22.45 +1.6 +11.6
+24.1 19.37 +1.5 +15.0
+52.1 25.21 +1.5 +21.3
+28.5 22.17 +7.1 +15.5
+39.3 23.62 +3.0 +20.5
+19.7 23.54 +10.1 +11.8
+29.0 19.59 +3.0 +18.7
+27. 5 16.78 +2.3 +15.5
+15.2 28.54 +35.6 +5.8
+37.7 16.69 +3.7 +20.6
+36.0 23.97 +1.4 +23.8
+34.3 22.90 +1.8 +24.6
+41.6 28.86
+.4 +20.0
+18.8 26.42 - 1 . 0
+9.4
-.2
+10.8 28.06
+6.3
+20.1 38.49
+.8 +9.5
+17.5 24.94 +2.0 +9.2
+29.4 20.18 +4.1 +12.2
+30.3 21.28 +8.5 +14.0
+5.6 28.09
+.9 +7.8

1941

Aug.
1940

Average hours worked
per week

Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

Average hourly
earnings

Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products

Fabrics
Carpets and rugs___
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing andfinishingtextiles
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear. _
Knitted cloth
__.
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods...

115.5
106.9
90.6
109. 9
106.5
136.3
81.9
141.5
81.3
86.4
160.6
67.9
108.9

Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's...
Corsets and allied garments..
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars

129.8
123.4
176.2
118.9
129.0
79.8
133.6

Leather and its manufactures

Boots and shoes
Leather

Food and kindred products.

Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery..
Flour




-.1

+1.7
+.7
+1.3
-1.9
-2.1
-1.3

+.6
+.7
+.7

-2.0
-.1

+6.1
+1.2
+10.3
+3.3
+2.2
+38.8
+3.5
101.1
+.1
98.3
+.2
94.8

-.7

158.2
152.7
328.1
111.0
303.7
91.3
78.1

+9.4
+1.6
+1.3
-1.2

+44.6
+9.8
-2.4

-2.0

119.5
114.5
93.8
126.2
123.5
132.5
90.3
154.5
77.3
90.8
157.1
63.7
118.5
121.9
114.0
155.1
140.1
144.7
74.5
140.6
104.7
100. 7
109.0
165.2
155.2
429.7
105.1
321.3
100.6
80.6

-1.3
-1.2
-3.4

+3.0
-.3

+2.4
-.4
+1.4
+13.6
+4.2
+21.4
+6.4
+4.6
+88.2
+7.3
+1.5
+2.0
-.3

+8.3
+1.4
+2.1
+.9
+50.6
+19.1
-1.5

38.1
38.9
39.7
39.4
41.2
40.1
37.0
36.2
38.6
38.5
40.3
37.8
39.6
36.4
36.3
36.4
37.3
36.2
33.6
37.4
39.2
38.8
40.7
41.3
41.8
42.4
47.4
39.9
38.6
42.9

+1.3 +8.4
+.8 +8.3
+1.4 +17.7
+1.5 +10.9
+.8 +11.4
+.5 +8.7
-2.7
+.6
-.3
+4.9
+1.7 +4.5
- 1 . 2 +10.3
+1.0 +1.0
+.8 +2.5
+.1 +8.3
+2.7 +8.2
+1.8 +11.6
+3.5 +6.0
- 1 . 0 +11.1
+2.4 +6.5
+21.8 -3.3
+1.3 +12.2
+1.1 +10.5
+1.1 +10.8
+.8 +9.1
+.4 +2.2
-.6
+1.8
+.5 +5.0
+3.4
+1.4
+2.1 +.3
+4.8
+8.6
-1.0
+2.9

Cents
55.4
53.3
71.8
47.2
54.8
58.2
82.7
54.0
50.3
45.8
54.4
50.8
63.6
59.6
64.5
60.4
51.5
44.7
74.0
44.8

+1.1
+.2

+1.6

+.3
+.4
+.1
+2.7
-2.2
+.3
-.3

+.9
+.8
+1.1
+2.4
+.5
+4.0
+3.3
_(8)

61.5
59.0
71.4

+3.1
+2.2
+1.1
+1.2
+.8

65.8
67.2
91.5
51.7
52.2
55.1
64.5

+.1
+L2
+2.9
+1.0
+1.3

—.5

+8.8
+10.2
+7.0
+14.8
+10.0
+6.6
+13.2
— 1.5
+6.5
+5.4
+8.7
+12.1
+11.7
+6.8
+7.7
+5.0
+6.8
+8.3
+9.8
+6.8
+12.6
+12.8
+10.4
+7.0
+ 4.5
+3.6
+6.2
+11.3
+8.7
+4.2

Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane ..
Tobacco manufactures
__
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff _
Cigars and cigarettes

95.8
118.1
63.9
95.4

Paper and printing
_
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals..

123.9
142.0
127.8

-

Chemicals, petroleum, and coal products-

Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining 3.
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and mealDruggists' preparations
Explosives.. .__„„.
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products.
Soap..

Rubber products

Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes..
Rubber goods, other..

See footnotes at end of table.




65.8
52.3
67.5

105.5
114.7
141.8
127.9
145.2
180.1
70.9
134.4
9
()

89.6
144.7
329.3
97.4
111.8
79.4
86.7
192.9

-.5
-.3

+24.1
-2.3

+.6
+.4
+.7
+.7
+2.3
+1.4
+.1

+5.2
+10.5
-28.4
-.4

+2.2
-5.6

+3.1
+7.6
+20.8
+9.3
+5.8
-.1
+.8
+2.1 +18.8
+4.2
+.5
+2.5 +22.4
+2.4 +27.2
+11.8 +35. ?,
+17.6
+4.5
9
9
()

()

+1.5
+1.4
+.4
+.1
-.8
+2.0

+10.4
+17.1
+7.0
+16.5
+30.2
+45. 4
+22.9
+34.2

-1.1
-.5

84.1
143.3
68.2
99.6
70.0
68.2
70.1
130.9
181.9
162.7
98.5
109.8

-1.2

+2.8
+20.5
+9.1
+.3
+.4
+.4
+1.8
+4.8
+3.7
+.1
-.1

179.2
159.1
185.4
247.3
65.1
164.9
9

+1.9
+1.2
+2.0
+3.2
+8.3
+1.3
9

90.8
171.3
368.2
129.7

+1.2

138.9
102.2
116.5
228.3

+2.4
+8.5
-1.7
+6.8

()

()

-.8
-.1

-2.8

+7.8
+27.6
-22.1
+19.8
+12.4
+5.5
+13.3
+18.0
+39.2
+30.4
+14.7
+3.3
+33.3
+15. 7
+38.9
+46.0

+34. 0
+29.7
9
()

+28.3
+29.6
+15.8
+27.4
+58.4
+80.4
+52.6
+60.8

29.64
31.58
27.79
29.56
19. 37
21.08
19.06
32.04
25.72
31.18
32.21
38.88
33.64
38.57
31.91
36.65
14.82
27.47
38.46
18.67
32.58
28.60
33.08
33.82
29.60
39.20
28.76

-.7

+2.5
+15.4
+8.8
+20.4
-.3
+10.0
+ (•) +12.3
-.4
+9.8
+1.0 +9.7
+2.4 +15.2
+2.3 +19.4
+8.4
0
+2.5
+ (8)
- . 2 +12.3
+.7 +11.0
-.4
+13.4
+.7 +14.8
-3.0
-1.0
- 3 . 0 +10.2
+.4 +14.8
+2.6 +15.6
-.2
+10.7
-1.6
+8.1
+1.1 +15.3
+2.1 +21.6
+8.4 +24.1
-.9
+24.1
+4.7 +19.8

+3.2
-2.9
+11.7

46.0
41.2
36.4
43.5
37.2
36.6
37.3
40.1
41.9
43.1
39.9
35.7
40.0
38.0
40.6
41.3
38.7
40.4
43.0
36.1
41.7
39.3
41.3
39.4
41.4
37.0
41.3

-1.7
-.7

-.7

+3.8
-3.8
+10.0 +13.9
-.1
+4.0
+.6
+6.2
-.2
+3.2
+1.4 +5.0
+1.6 +5.7
+2.7 +7.2
+5.4
+.1
+.7
+.2
+3.4
+( 8 )
+1.1
+5.7
-.3
+2.4
+1.0
+3.0
-3.5
-7.3
-2.5
+1.8
+.8
+6.3
-1.9
+3.6
-.7
+2.6
-1.4
+.1
+.3
+2.7
+.3
+8.9
+3.4 +8.4
- 2 . 2 +11.9
+1.8 +5.8
-2.1

64.1
76.6
77.1
68.4

+1.2
+3.9
-1.5
+1.5

+3.6
+11.1
+13.7
+5.7

52.0
57.8
51.4

-.3
-.5
-.3

82.4
61.8
72.5

+.8

81.5
107.0

-.3
j.

+6.4
+5.3
+7.0
+4.4
+9.4
+11.3
+2.7
+2.3

83.7
102.5
78.0
88.7
37.1
64.6
89.4
51.7
78.5
72.8
80.0
86.1
71.4
106.2
70.0

-.2
-.3

-.1
-.4

+.1
-.1
+1.5
+.2
-.4

+4.5
+.5
-.2
+.8
+2.1
+4.9
+1.4
+3.1

+8.3
+5.6
+10.9
+11.5
+7.2
+7.4
+8.0
+11.5
+8.2
+8.1
+12.3
+11.1
+14.6
+10.5
+13.2

TABLE 4.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanujacturing Industries, August 1941—Continued
NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100, except for class I railroads, which are based on 1935-39 as 100]

Industry

Coal mining:
Anthracite i° 11..
Bituminous i°
Metalliferous mining 12 _ _.
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining..
Orude-petroleum production 13..
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph i*4 155 _.
Electric light and power 1 1 4
Street railways and busses 1 is i«_
Trade:
Wholesale
1417..
Retain 4 is
Food is
_ _ __.
General merchandising 14 is..
Apparel 15
Furniture «
Automotive 15-_.
Lumber is._,.. 4 ....
Hotels (year-round)
i° 1 is..
Laundries 1 0
.
Dyeing and 4cleaning i°
Brokerage 14 «
Insurance 1
Building construction.._
Water transportation 2o__.
Class I steam railroads 21.




Index
Aug.
1941

50.0
92.6
80.0
53.9
62.3
89.1
95.3
69.6
95.7
96.4
108.3
101.5
80.1
77.8
93.3
83.2
94.8
114.6
118.5

79.3
118.3

Percentage
change from—

Index
Aug.
1941

July
1941

Aug.
1940

+1.6
+2.5
+1.3
+2.3

+0.2
+6.8
+11.9
+11.0
-1.9

51.1
116.6
86.5
59.2
61.3

+12.7
+2.5
+1.7

115.6
115.2
77.8

+6.2
+8.7
+5.1
+12.7
+9.6
+4.3
+8.4
+9.5
+4.9
+11.5
+11.1
-10.9
+1.7
+15.3
-2.1
+13.9

89.2
93.6
105.7
97.8
77.2
75.5
95.8
85.5
89.0
104. 7
91.6

+.4
+.9
+.7
+.2
+1.6
-.3
-.4

+.6
-L4
-1.2
+2.0
+.3
-1.0
-2.6

+.7
+.6
+2.1
+.9
+1.7

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

+46.6
+10.6
+9.1
+6.7

+54.2
+41.3
+26.3
+31.2
+3.9

Q

-.1
+1.5
+2.6
+1.3
-.4

+.2
+.3

-1.0
7
-3! 3
+3.9
+1.6
-1.8
-5.0
+.5
+.3
+3.3

Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

31.70
36.76
36.38

+13.3
+14.8
+10.4
+18.8
+12.9
+14.6
+20.4
+18.1
+10.2
+15. 7
4-16.1
-3.7
+5.1
+27. 2

32.38
22.50
24.90
19.03
22. 51
30.22
30.45
28.79
16.23
19.00
21.39
39.48
37.26
35.76

Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

Average hourly
earnings

Aug.
1941

Percentage
change from—
July
1941

Aug.
1940

-0.9

+53.8
+32.3
+12.9
+18.2
+5.9

33.8
32.4
41.8
43.8
38.2

+45.3
+13.2
+5.6
+4.2
+.2

+39.3
+15.4
+.6
+6.0
2

Cents
98.9
103.3
81.1
63.7
92.2

+.5
+2.0
+.3

+6.8
+14.1
+11.1
+11.2
+5.5

-1.1

+2.1
+4.1
+8.6

40.1
40.4
47.3

+1.9
+•7
+3.8

79.5
91.2
75.9

-.1
-.8

+.2

+.1
+3.1
+5.1

-.2

+6.7
+5.7
+5.1
+5.6
+3.0
+9.9
+11.0
+7.9
+5.1
+3.7
+4.5
+8.1
+3.4
+10.3

41.2
42.6
42.7
38.4
38.4
44.0
47.1
43.0
46.3
43.3
43.1

-1.0
+1.3
+2.2
+.5
0
+.3
-1.2
2
+'•6
+.1
+.5
+.6
-.8
-1.8

+.5
-.8

79.1
57.5
57.2
48.7
58.5
72.7
65.8
68.1
34.7
44.1
50.8

-.9

+.1
+.2
+.7
-1.9
+1.3
+.3
+.5
+.1

+6.6
+5.9
+6.1
+2.1
+5.2
-7.0
+13.3
+8.4
+5.7
+3.7
+3.5

35.7

00
+1.0

100.1

+.2

+5. 5

$33. 56 +44.3
+7.9
33.68
+7.7
34.05
+4.3
27.82
-.6
35.83

+15.1
+6.6
+10.4

Aug.
1940

Average hours worked
per week

+.7
+2.4
1

+'5
-.2

Q

-2. 2
+1. 9
+1.3
-.8
-2.4
-.2
-.3
+1.2

— .'7
-.9
-1.8
-.2
-.7
+.5
+•8
+4.6

-.8

OO

1
Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, published indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures
January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available'on request. Average hours and averfor this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of Employment and Pay
age hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishRolls.
ments than average weekly earnings, a snot all reporting firms furnish man-hours. The
5 The indexes for "Automobiles" have been adjusted to 1933 census figures, but not
figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size to later census figures because of problems involving integrated industries.
and
composition of the reporting sample.
• See table 8 in March 1941 Employment and Pay Rolls pamphlet for revised figures
2
See tables 9, 10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of Employment and Pay Rolls from
January 1935 to February 1941.
8
for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
1923
for
the
durableand
nondurable-goods
groups.
«Not
available.
3
10
Revisions in the following industries and groups have been made as indicated:
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
Forcings, iron and steel.—March, April, and May, 1941 average weekly earnings to in January 1938 issue of pamphlet.
$38.19, $38.37, $40.45; hours to 45.8, 45.5, 46.4; hourly earnings to 83.5, 84.6, 87.3
» See table 7 of October 1940 Employment and Pay Rolls for revised employment
cents; employment indexes to 97.4, 99.8, 102.7; April and May pay-roll indexes to
and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and
141.0 and 153.2.
average
weekly earningsin anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, in elusive.
12
Tools, not edge.—May 1941 average weekly and hourly earnings to $32.28 and 70.2
See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised figures for metalliferous mining
cents; employment and pay-roll indexes to 135.4 and 172.1.
from January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive.
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.—April and May 1941 average weekly earnings to
!3
Does not include well-drilling or rig-building.
14
$32.14 and $34.16; hours to 40.3 and 41.6; hourly earnings to 79.7 and 82.2 cents;
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
pay-roll indexes to 74.3 and 85.3.
published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers,
Shipbuilding.—April and May 1941 average weekly earnings to $39.17, and $41; hours executives
and other employees whese duties are mainly supervisory,
J
to 42.8 and 43.9; employment indexes to 295.4 and 310.1; pay-roll indexes to 395.0
s Retail-tradeindexesadjusted to 1935censusandpublic-utility indexes to 1937 census.
and 433.5.
Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in Monthly
Dyeing and finishing textiles .—April and May 1941 average weekly hours to 40.3 and Labor Reviews prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has
40.2; hourly earnings to 56.1 and 56.9 cents.
been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable
series
for earlier months available upon request.
Transportation-equipment group.—April and May 1941 employment indexes to 166.5
18
and 172.0; pay-roll indexes to 191.8 and 217.1.
Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
Chemical, petroleum, and coal-products group.—October 1940 to May 1941 employment and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operations and
indexes to 125.4, 125.3, 125.7, 126.3, 128.5, 131.6, 135.7, 135.4; November and Decemmaintenance."
ber 1940 pay-roll indexes to 139.4, 143.9; February, March, April, and May, 1941
i' Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsepay-roll indexes to 144.8, 149.1, 158.3, 164.9.
quent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls.
Chemicals, other than petroleum-refining subgroup.—October 1940 to May 1941 employ- is
Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included.
19
ment indexes to 126.5, 126.4, 127.1, 128.1, 130.8, 134.6, 139.4, 138.6; October, NovemSee footnote 18 of table 10 in the July 1941 issue of Employment and Pay Rolls
ber, and December pay-roll indexes to 140.2, 141.2, 145.4; February, March, April,
for revised average weekly earnings in the brokerage industry from January 1939 to
and May, 1941 pay-roll indexes to 148.7, 154.0, 163.2, 170.7.
January
1941.
4
20
See table 7 in the April 1941 issue of Employment and Pay Rolls for revised figures
Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission.
21
from January 1940 to March 1941.
Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
^Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously




CO

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not
comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request.]
Employment index

Average weekly earnings i

Pay-roll index

Average hours worked
per week *

Average hourly earnings i

Aug.
1941

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

Industry
July
1941

June
1941

132. 8.

130.5

138.4
127.5

Aug.
1941

July
1941

127.9

157.8

152J

152.2

137.7
123.7

135.1
121.1

177.1
136.2

172.3
130.7

173.9
127.9

36.54
25.37

139.9
149.1
171.0
96.1

137.7
147.2
167.4
97.6

136.1
144.0
165.6
96.9

172.1
183.3
240.8
111.8

166.3
181.6
224.3
112.2

168.6
179.9
248.4
114.6

127.4
110.8
113.2
102.6
225.1

123.6
108.2
103.8
101.7
222.0

120.4
105.3
118.3
102.4
220.2

147.5
169.3
153.6
107.1
288.5

134.9
158.4
124.1
101.6
272.1

125.2
117.2
109.5
145.3

119.0
116.6
107.3
138.8

114.1
115.9
105.5
132.0

147.7
127.6
123.8
184.7

142.6
193.7

140.3
213.2

138.7
216.1

175.5
172.0

172.3
171.4

170.3
167.4
314.2

Aug.
1941

All manufacturing 2_.
Durable goods 2
Nondurable goods 2
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery.
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel 3
Hardware
Plumbers'supplies *
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves...
Structural and ornamental metalwork..
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including
edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws) 3
._
Wirework
_.,
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements (including tractors)
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines...
.
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies..
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windill




June
1941

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

July
1941

June
1941

$31. 88

41.0

40.3

41.3

Cents
74.5

Cents
74.4

Cents
73.8

35.83
25.12

36.91
25.11

42.6
39.4

41.5
39.0

43.1
39.4

83.0
65.8

82.6
65.7

82.2
65.0

36.14
38.81
33.76
27.91

35.49
38.90
32.14
27.45

36.40
39.46
36.02
28. 25

41.4
40.1
45.0
41.1

39.9
38.7
41.6
40.4

42.0
40.9
45.8
41.9

87.1
96.8
80.2
67.5

96.5
77.2
67.7

139.2
164.6
150.2
106.3
279.0

30.38
41.41
33.11
30.21
29.77

28. 65
39.68
29.26
28.89
28.61

30.32
42.45
31.26
29.90
29.67

44.0
45.9
42.8
40.1
41.6

42.0
44.4
41.1
38.9
39.9

43.9
47.4
42.5
40.4
41.7

70.2
90.5
77.5
75.3
72.0

69.1
89.6
71.2
74.2
71.6

89.7
73.7
74.0
71.2

137.5
122.1
112.1
171.3

137.8
124.7
120.1
163.2

35.51
30.70
36.84
28.42

34.65
29.52
33.74
27.59

36.32
30.33
36.98
27.70

44.0
41.5
44.3
42.9

43.4
40.3
41.2
42.0

44.8
41.5
44.4
42.1

81.1
74.0
82.9
66.9

80.1
73.2
82.2
66.4

81.2
73.1
83.6
66.0

183.3
252.3

174.3
271.6

182.3
284.5

32.82
31.75

31.70
30.85

33.45
31. 88

46.5
41.5

43.4
42.0

46.8
42.9

70.8
76.0

73.1
73.5

71.6
74.3

167.7
171.8

241.3
227.5

38.16
228.4

233.3

36.31

37.51
36.62

38.00
37.32

45.1
40.1

44.6
41.2

45.6
42.1

84.4
90.7

83.6
89.0

167.5
163.8

162.6
158.8

223.1
240.0

214.0
232.0

216.2
224.0

40.76
37.44

39.74
37.06

41.34
37.01

44.6
43.9

43.9
43.5

45.3
43.9

9L8
85.3

91.6
85.0

83.2
88.6
92.4
84.2

297,8

285.5

540.8

503.8

484.7

45.77

44.87

45.03

46.2

46,5

46.7

96.6

96. 7

$31. 65 $31.24

86.3
96.4

78.7
67.0

fcO
O

Foundry and machine-shop productsMachine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
Transportation equipment«»
Aircraft*
Automobiles«
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad 3_.
Locomotives
_.
Shipbuildings
Nonferrous metals and their products
_.
Aluminum manufactures7
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices
Jewelry
Lighting equipment
_
Silverware and plated ware.
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc...
lumber and allied products
_.
Furniture
Lumber:
Millwork
Sawmills
Stone, clay, and glass products
_
Brick, tile, and terra cotta..
_
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products.
Pottery

177.8
529.3
200.4
130.5
207.5

37.72
43.53
28.32
34.49
35.01

36.61
42.80
28.30
34.31
34.77

37.78
43.22
27.09
34.84
34.31

45.6
51.2
41.3
46.6
46.4

44.6
50.9
41.2
46.5
46.4

46.1
52.0
40.9
46.8
45.8

82.6
85.0
68.7
74.4
75.4

81.8
84.1
69.3
74.2
74.9

81.9
83.1
66.4
74.5
74.9

179.5
240.4
178.1 224.1 229.3
171.4
7,959.9 7, 280.0 6, 733.8 10,462.0 9,077. 7 8,212.1
109.3 126.9
134.8
137.3
158.0
188.3
89.2
89.0
85.1
93.7
90.8
92.9
78.9
75.7
68.1 104.9
102.5
90.8
388.3 375.3 337.9 614.6
582.0
504.4

41.24
38.46
41.14
33.29
40.74
46.47

40.51
36.48
40.79
32.43
41.49
45.54

42.70
35.63
45.68
34.73
40.87
43.83

41.9
45.6
39.0
39.4
46.1
44.4.

41.2
44.7
38.3
39.7
46.3
44.8

43.8
45.0
43.0
41.7
46.5
45.4

99.0
85.5
105.7
84.4
88.4
103.9

98.8
82.0
106.6
81.6
89.6
101.3

97.6
79.7
106.3
83.3
87.9
95.4

143.6
351.5
202.4
108.4
155.7

142.6
346.0
188.7
106.3
153.1

139.1
338.5
180.7
103.8
148.3

182.3
553.4
234.0
135.8
222.3

176.5
534.7
218.7
132.7
217.2

145.7
238.9
192.8
117.6
117.9
115.7
84.8
103.5

143.5
233.7
189.7
118.3
111.6
116.4
83.4
102.7

141.9
228.4
189.5
117.0
106.8
114.1
83.9
101.8

182.0
342.8
273.9
145.8
113.1
122.4
94.4
118.4

174.1
319.8
263.9
138.4
105.2
117.8
87.4
116.7

174.6
321.1
262.4
147.9
101.4
117.4
93.8
116.6

34.99
35.67
39.11
27.37
25.72
33.08
32.33
32.29

33.81
34.17
38.55
25.83
25.31
31.46
30.43
32.00

34.30
35.09
38.42
27.93
25.51
31.87
32.32
32.28

43.0
42.6
45.0
40.0
42.5
42.0
44.1
39.5

42.0
40.8
44.2
38.5
41.5
40.5
42.1
39.4

43.1
42.2
44.7
42.4
41.3
41.3
44.0
40.5

80.8
84.1
88.1
68.4
60.7
78.3
74.1
81.7

80.3
83.7
87.8
67.1
61.0
77.7
73.1
81.3

79.4
83.1
86.2
65.9
61.2
77.2
74.4
79.8

81.0
108.4

79.5
105.6

76.8
103.8

92.5
116.1

85.5
110.1

83.9
110.0

24.72
25.43

23.21
24.68

23.57
25.12

41.8
. 42.5

39.9
41.4

40.9
42.4

58.8
60.2

57.7
60.1

57.0
59.7

78.1
70.7

75.7
70.0

72.5
67.1

74.9
80.6

68.3
73.5

67.2
71.1

26.28
23.58

24.74
21.60

25.24
21.89

43.3
41.1

41.7
38.6

42.5
39.7

61.2
57.4

59.3
56.0

59.4
55.2

101.3
79.4
83.4
130.0
44.4
119.4

99.6
77.6
82.4
127.9
45.1
116.7

97.1
74.7
79.2
125.5
45.5
114.4

104.1
77.0
93.6
155.4
35.9
124.1

98.9
73.4
90.6
147.1
34.8
114.9

100.2
71.8
89.5
153.5
34.8
118.2

27.97
25.30
31.82
29.28
28.36
26.22

26.97
24.59
31.00
28.19
27.05
24.90

28.04
24.97
31.93
29.91
26.71
26.06

38.5
38.9
40.7
37.6
38.2
38.3

87.4
38.2
40.2
36.1
36.8
36.5

38.6
38.8
41.6
38.5
36.8
38.1

72.1
64.6
77.8
78.2
73.2
68.7

72.0
64.5
77.1
78.2
73.3
68.3

71.7
64.2
76.7
78.0
72.6
68.1

115.5
106.9
90.6
109.9
106.5
136.3
81.9
141.5
81.3
86.4
160.6
67.9
108.9

113.2
107.0
89.0
109.1
105.2
139.0
83.6
143.4
80.8
85.7
159.4
69.3
109.0

112.6
106.2
89.9
108.5
103.7
139.3
82.7
142.7
79.4
79.3
160.2
69.3
107.9

119.5
114.5
93.8
126.2
123.5
132.5
90.3
154.5
77.3
90.8
157.1
63.7
118.5

113.6
113.3
89.5
123.0
120.6
134.3
91.4
159.9
75.0
91.0
153.5
64.0
116.8

111.4
111.6
90.2
120.0
116.2
133.2
85.8
158.1
74.9
82.8
153.6
64.1
116.9

21.04
20.63
28.47
18.58
22.70
23.57
30.48
19.51
19.70
17.75
22.45
19.37
25.21

20.54
20.42
27.77
18.25
22.29
23.43
29.97
19.93

20.33
20.28
27.71
17.87
21.75
23.21
28.60
19.70
19.55
17.61
21.87
18.95
25.10

38.1
38.9
39.7
39.4
41.2
40.1
37.0
36.2
38.6
38.5
40.3
37.8
39.6

37.4
38.5
39.2
38.8
40.9
40.0
38.0
36.3
37.9
38.8
39.9
37.4
39.5

38.1
39.1
39.3
39.6
41.5
40.2
36.1
36.2
38.8
38.5
40.3
38.6
40.1

55.4
53.3
71.8
47.2
54.8
58.2
82.7
54.0
50.3
45.8
54.4
50.8
63.6

55.0
53.4
70.9
47.1
54.6
58.0
80.5
55.2
50.3
46.1
53.9
50.6
62.8

53.4
52.2
70.6
45.1
52.5
57.2
80.2
54.5
49.9
45.7
53.0
48.8
62.8

Nondurable goods

Textiles and their products
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs...
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing and finishing textiles 3
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
•_
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear __
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods..
See footnotes a t end of table.




19.-29
17.89
22.06
19.00
24.75

fcO

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued
Employment index

Average weekly earnings

Pay-roll index

Average hours worked
per week

Average hourly earnings

Industry
Aug.
1941

July
1941

June

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June

1941

Textiles and their products—Continued.
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
Millinery
_
Shirts and collars

129.8
123.4
176.2
118.9
129.0
79.8
133.6

122.3
121.9
159.8
115.1
126.2
57.5
129.2

121.9
120.0
158.6
118.0
121.8
62.8
132.0

121.9
114.0
155.1
140.1
144.7
74.5
140.6

107.3
109.4
127.8
131.6
138.4
39.6
131.0

104.1
107.3
118.9
138.7
131.1
42.5
135.7

$22.17
23.62
23.54
19.59
16.78
28.54
16.69

$20.89
22.82
21.43
19.01
16.26
21.05
16.11

$20.48
22.77
20.14
19.49
15.89
20.66
16.29

36.4
36.3
36.4
37.3
36.2
33.6
37.4

35.4
35.6
35.0
37.9
35.3
27.6
36.9

leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
Leather

101.1
98.3
94.8

101.0
98.1
95.5

98.1
94.9
93.9

104.7
100.7
109.0

103.2
98.8
109.3

97.2
91.9
106.5

23.97
22.90
28.86

23.68
22.53
28.71

22.99
21.66
28.45

39.2
38.8
40.7

-

158.2
152.7
328.1
111.0
303.7
91.3
78.1
95.8
118.1
63.9
95.4

144.6
150.2
324.1
112.3
210.1
83.2
80.0
96.3
118.5
51.5
97.6

135.2
152.2
310.0
113.5
135.9
80.4
77.9
92.5
120.3
48.1
103.4

165.2
155.2
429.7
105.1
321.3
100.6
80.6
84.1
143.3
68.2
99.6

152.5
153.1
421.1
104.2
213.4
84.5
81.9
85.1
139.3
56.6
91.2

144.4
154.4
390.7
104.9
133.5
85.5
79.1
82.8
137.8
57.2
101.9

26.42
28.06
38.49
24.94
20.18
21.28
28.09
29.64
31.58
27.79
29.56

26.63
28.26
38.12
24.35
19.38
19.61
27.62
29.93
30.62
28.47
26.47

27.08
28.21
36.93
24.15
18.75
20.50
27.22
30.20
29.79
30.71
27.93

Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes-.-

65.8
52.3
67.5

65.4
52.0
67.0

65.5
52.1
67.2

70.0
68.2
70.1

69.8
67.9
69.9

70.2
67.1
70.4

19.37
21.08
19.06

19.45
21.06
19.16

123.9
142.0
127.8

123.0
138.8
126.0

121.6
135.1
124.6

130.9
181.9
162.7

128.6
173.6
156.9

128.6
170.4
157.7

32.04
25.72
31.18

105.5
114.7

105.4
114.8

101.7
117.4

98.5
109.8

98.4
109.8

94.8
113.6

32.21
38.88

Nondurable

July,
1941

June

36.0
36.3
35.7
38.8
36.1
28.6
37.3

Cents
59.6
64.5
60.4
51.5
44.7
74.0
44.8

Cents
58.2
63.9
58.4
50.1
44.8
71.7
43.8

Cents
55.9
62.9
54.3
49.6
43.3
68.4
43.7

38.7
38.4
40.2

38.7
38.2
40.8

61.5
59.0
71.4

60.9
58.4
71.0

59.9
57.3
70.0

41.3
41.8
42.4
47.4
39.9
38.6
42.9
46.0
41.2
36.4
43.5

41.1
42.1
42.1
47.0
38.9
35.6
43.2
46.6
41.5
37.3
39.3

41.0
42.5
41.3
46.9
36.6
38.1
43.2
46.8
40.4
39.8
41.7

65.8
67.2
91.5
51.7
52.2
55.1
64.5
64.1
76.6
77.1
68.4

66.1
67.4
91.5
51.1
50.4
54.6
63.5
63.6
73.7
78.3
67.4

67.2
66.5
90.4
51.0
51.9
54.6
63.1
64.0
73.8
79.0
67.0

19.48
20.76
19.25

37.2
36.6
37.3

37.3
36.4
37.4

37.6
36.4
37.8

52.0
57.8
51.4

52.3
58.0
51.7

51.7
57.4
51.3

31.70
25.13
30.49

32.01
25.31
30.97

40.1
41.9
43.1

39.6
41.2
42.0

40.1
42.3
43.3

82.4
61.8
72.5

82.5
61.4
72.7

82.6
60.5
71.6

32.24
38.93

32.30
39.39

39.9
35.7

39.9
35.6

39.7
35.8

81.5
107.0

82.0
106.8

82.6
106.9

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

1941

goods—Continued

Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
-..Canning and preserving
Confectionery. _
Flour
Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packing...
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane

Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals..




Aug.
1941

1941

__

Chemical, petroleum, and coal products 3.
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining 3 ..
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and mealDruggists' preparations..
Explosives....
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products.
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes..
Rubber goods other.

93.0
177.8
362.4
129.0

33.64
38.57
31.91
36.65
14.82
27.47
38.46
18.67
32.58
28.60
33.08

33.81
38.26
32. 25
36. 38
15.23
28.33
38.48
18.11
32.63
29.06
32.72

33.63
38.74
31.79
36.00
15.17
26.43
38.31
18.20
33.81
28.35
32.58

40.0
38.0
40.6
41.3
38.7
40.4
43.0
36.1
41.7
39.3
41.3

40.0
37.4
40.8
41.0
40.0
41.5
42.8
36.7
41.8
39.8
41.2

40.5
38.2
41.2
41.7
40.4
41.0
43.0
37.4
43.4
39.3
41.1

83.7
102.5
78.0
88.7
37.1
64.6
89.4
51.7
78.5
72.8
80.0

83.8
103.0
77.7
88.6
36.4
64.5
89.9
49.4
78.1
72.9
79.4

82.4
102.0
76.1
86.4
35.9
62.7
89.1
48.6
78.0
72.2
79.3

141.1
98.4
122.4
224.6

33.82
29.60
39.20
28.76

33.18
27.31
39.54
27.41

34.70
28.91
41.41
28.61

39.4
41.4
37.0
41.3

39.2
40.1
37.8
40.5

41.4
43.0
39.9
42.3

86.1
71.4
106.2
70.0

84.5
68.0
104.8
68.0

83.6
67.2
103.7
68.0

141.8
127.9
145.2
180.1
70.9
134.4
8

138.9
127.4
141.7
175.8
63.4
128.7
8

136.8
125.2
139.6
172.1
66.3
127.4
8

179.2
159.1
185.4
247.3
65.1
164.9
8

175.9
157.2
181.7
239.7
60.0
162.8
8

172.4
156.7
177.2
232.6
62.4
149.9
8

89.6
144.7
329.3
97.4

90.5
145.5
324.4
96.0

92.1
144.8
327.0
93.3

90.8
171.3
368.2
129.7

89.6
172.7
368.6
133.3

111.8
79.4
86.7
192.9

111.4
79.3
87.4
189.2

110.7
78.2
86.3
190.0

138.9
102.2
116.5
228.3

135.6
94.2
118.4
213.8

()

()

()

()

()

()

See footnotes at end of table.




to
CO

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing

Industries—Continued

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100 except for class I railroads, which are based on 1935-39 as 100]
Employment index

Average weekly earn
ings

Pay-roll index

Average hours worked
per week

Average hourly earnings

Industry
Aug.
1941
Coal mining: 9 1 0
Anthracite 9
Bituminous ___
Metalliferous mining n
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.
_
Crude-petroleum production i2
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 133 144 . .
Electric light and power 1 1131415
Street railways and busses
_
Trade:
Wholesale
i316.._
Eetail 1 3 1 41 4
Food
General merchandising 1314 ..
Apparel 1 4 .-.
Furniture 14 14
Automotive
-.
Lumber 14 9 1 3 7
Hotels (year-round)
1
Laundries 9
Dyeing and131819
cleaning 9__
Brokerage
Insurance 1 3 1 8
Building construction 2018_.
Water transportation 2!
Class I steam railroads ...




July
1941

June
1941

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

Aug.
1941

July
1941

June
1941

50.0
92.6
80.0
53.9
62.3

49.3
90.3
79.0
52.7
62.1

49.2
88.1
78.9
51.9
61.5

51.1
116.6
86.5
59.2
61.3

34.8
105.4
79.3
55.5
61.4

51.2
107.2
85.3
55.7
59.9

$33. 56
33.68
34.05
27.82
35.83

$23. 25
31.22
31.62
26.67
36.05

$34.20
32.37
34.07
27.19
35.67

33.8
32.4
41.8
43.8
38.2

23.2
28.7
39.6
42.0
38.1

34.0
31.7
42.7
42.8
37.1

Cents
98.9
103.3
81.1
63.7
92.2

Cents
99.8
102.8
79.5
63.5
93.0

Cents
100.2
102.3
80.2
63.5
93.5

89.1
95.3
69.6

88.3
94.6
69.5

86.3
93.5
69.1

115.6
115.2
77.8

115.7
113.5
75.8

113.0
111.4
76.2

31.70
36.76
36.38

32.04
36.50
35.54

32.02
36.44
35.91

40.1
40.4
47.3

40.5
39.9
46.3

40.2
39.3
47.7

79.5
91.2
75.9

79.6
91.9
75.7

80.2
92.9
74.5

95.7
96.4
108.3
101.5
80.1
77.8
93.3
83.2
94.8
114.6
118. 5

94.2
96.7
108. 7
100.9
80.7
78.9
94.4
81.6
94.5
115.8
121.7

93.8
97.8
108.5
105.1
90.3
79.3
93.9
80.0
95.0
112.0
122.7
-.9

89.2
93.6
105.7
97.8
77.2
75.5
95.8
85.5
89.0
104.7
91.6

88.0
94.0
105.5
97.5
78.0
76.0
99.1
82.3
87.6
106.7
96.4

88.4
95.2
104.0
100.1
85.6
77.8
102.7
81.0
87.4
102.5
98.4

41.4
42.8
42.6
38.7
38.0
44.4
48.0
43.2
45.8
43.7
44.7

79.1
57.5
57.2
48.7
58.5
72.7
65.8
68.1
34.7
44.1
50.8

79.7
57.4
56.8
48.6
58.5
72.2
67.1
67.2
34.6
43.9
50.8

79.8
57.2
55.1
48.0
57.6
74.0
68.7
66.4
34.2
43.9
50.6

+3.3

32.57
22.31
24.61
18.75
21.95
30.59
32.31
28.26
15.86
19.09
22.27
39.32
37.65
35.15

40.9
42.6
42.6
38.9
38.5
43.7
47.0
42.8
46.1
43.6
43.8

+3.4

32.45
22.54
24.72
19.15
22.54
29.94
31.11
28.21
16.03
19.15
21.92
39.57
37.37
35.38

41.2
42.6
42.7
38.4
38.4
44.0
47.1
43.0
46.3
43.3
43.1

+2.1

32.38
22.50
24.90
19.03
22.51
30.22
30.45
28.79
16.23
19.00
21.39
39.48
37.26
35.76

35.7

35.4

35.3

100.1

100.0

99.7

+.7
+.6

79.3
118.3

+.5
+.8

78.6
116.3

+.3

80.3
113.3

+.5
+.3

+3.3

+.7
-.3

+4.3

+.1
+.8

+4.2

1
Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months,
January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average hours and average
hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments
than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. The figures
are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size and composition
of the reporting sample.
2
See tables 9, 10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of "Employment and Pay Rolls"
for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January
1923
for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups.
3
Revisions in the following industries and groups have been made as indicated?
Forgings, iron and steel.—March, April, and May, 1941 average weekly earnings to
$38.19, $38.37, $40.45; hours to 45.8, 45.5, 46.4; hourly earnings to 83.5, 84.6, 87.3
cents; employment indexes to 97.4, 99.8, 102.7; April and May pay-roll indexes to
141.0 and 153.2.
Tools, not edge.—May 1941 average weekly and hourly earnings to $32.28 and 70.2
cents; employment and pay-roll indexes to 135.4 and 172.1.
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.—April and May 1941 average weekly earnings to
$32.14 and $34.16; hours to 40.3 and 41.6; hourly earnings to 79.7 and 82.2 cents;
pay-roll indexes to 74.3 and 85.3.
Shipbuilding.—April and May 1941 average weekly earnings to $39.17 and $41; hours
to 42.8 and 43.9; employment indexes to 295.4 and 310.1; pay-rail indexes to 395.0
and 433.5.
Dyeing and finishing textiles.—April and May 1941 average weekly hours to 40.3 and
40.2; hourly earnings to 56.1 and 56.9 cents.
Transportation-equipment group.—April and May 1941 employment indexes to 166.5
and 172.0; pay-roll indexes to 191.8 and 217.1.
Chemical, petroleum, and coal-products group.—October 1940 to May 1941 employment
indexes to 125.4,125.3,125.7,126.3,128.5,131.6,135.7,135.4; November and December
1940 pay-roll indexes to 139.4, 143.9; February, March, April, and May 1941 payroll indexes to 144.8, 149.1, 158.3, 164.9.
Chemicals, other than petroleum-refining subgroup.—October 1940 to May 1941 employment indexes to 126.5,126.4,127.1,128.1,130.8,134.6,139.4,138.6; October, November,
and December pay-roll indexes to 140.2, 141.2, 145.4; February, March, April, and
May, 1941 pay-roll indexes to 148.7, 154.0, 163.2, 170.7.
4
See table 7 in the April 1941 issue of "Employment and Pav Rolls" for revised figures
from
January
1940 to March 1941.
6
Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made




by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously
published indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for
this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of "Employment and Pay Rolls."
« The indexes for "Automobiles" have been adjusted to 1933 Census figures, but not to
later
census figures because of problems involving integrated industries.
7
See table 8 in March 1941 "Employment and Pay Rolls" pamphlet for revised figures
from
January 1935 to February 1941.
8
Not available.
8
Indexes adjusted to 1935 Census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in 10January 1938 issue of pamphlet.
See table 7 of October 1940 "Employment and Pay Rolls" for revised employment
and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and
average
weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive.
11
See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised figures for metalliferous mining
from
January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive.
12 Does not include well drilling or rig building.
13 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers,
executives,
and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
14
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 Census and public-utility indexes to 1937 Census.
Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in Monthly
Labor Reviews prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has been
revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable
series for earlier months available upon request.
» Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance."
" Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent
issues of "Employment and Pay Rolls."
17
Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included.
18
Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding
month substituted.
19
See footnote 18 in table 10 in the July 1941 issue of "Employment and Pay Rolls"
for revised average weekly earnings in the brokerage industry from January 1939 to
January
1941.
20
Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission.
21
Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.

26
TABLE 6.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Fifty-five Additional Manufacturing

Industries
[12-month average 1939=100]
]Pay rolls

Employment
Industry

ugust
1941

Iron and steel group:
Metal doors and shutters.
Firearms
Screw-machine products
Wire drawing 2
Wrought pipe not made in rolling
mills _.
Steel barrels, kegs, and drums 2
Machinery group:
Machine-tool
accessories.
Pumps 2
Refrigerators and refrigerating apparatus _
Sewing machines
Washing machines, wringers, and driers.
Transportation-equipment group: 2
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts _.
Nonferrous-metals group:
Sheet-metal work
Smelting and refining of scrap metal.
Lumber group:
Caskets and morticians' goods
Wood preserving
Wood turned and shaped 2
Wooden boxes, other than cigar..
Mattresses and bedsprings
Stone, clay, and glass2 products group:
Abrasive wheels _._
Asbestos products 2_.
Lime 2
Gypsum
Glass products made from purchased glass.
Wallboard and plaster, except gypsum..
Textiles:
Textile bags 2
Cordage and twine 2
Curtains, draperies, and bedspreads.
Housefurnishings, other.. ___
Jute goods, except felt..
Handkerchiefs
Leather group:
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings
Leather gloves and mittens.
Trunks and suitcases
Food group:
Cereal preparations
C ondensed and evaporated milk
Feeds, prepared
Paper and printing group:
Paper bags
Envelopes
Paper goods, not elsewhere classifiedBookbinding
Lithographic
Chemical, petroleum, and coal products group:
Ammunition
—
Compressed and liquefied gases..
Perfumes and cosmetics
Coke-oven products
Paving materials.Roofing materials..
See footnotes at end of table.




145.7

0)

July
1941

138.6

0)

June

August

1941

1941

133.9

0)

196.4

0)

July
1941

191.0

0)

June
1941

170.3

0)

200.2
138.2
151.7
142.3

197.9
136.2
156.3
140.2

191.1
136.1
156.5
134.4

273.8
170.6
192.7
185.2

263.1
171.8
184.7
175.1

237.3
194.5
143.8
130.1
124.5

229.0
188.3
152.1
129.7
138.7

222.0
183.1
154.8
128.2
139.1

312.2
285.2
184.8
197.6
155.1

295. 6
261.5
180.4
190.2
174. 5

278.7
268.1
186.1
194.1
180.0

168.0

167.0

168.4

204.4

204.2

208.8

148.7
147.1

147.2
147.0

142.9
142.1

190.0
188.4

182. 0
172. 5

179.9
167.6

102.7
124.5
113.7
122.8
130.0

101.8
120.6
117.3
126.3
128.0

100.3
121.8
110.1
126.9
123.7

113.8
161.0
134.4
164.1
156.6

110. 6
149.7
132. 9
158.2
155.7

108.5
152.9
129.5
161.4
146.2

186.9
146.2
123.3
109.1
148.1
142.7

182.9
133.2
123.7
105.2
141.1
138.0

179.9
138.4
124.0
120.2
140.8
133.6

234.8
191.4
160.2
148.3
167.3
181.1

221.4
162. 9
152.2
133.0
156.1
165. 0

225.4
174.0
153.2
145. 6
157.0
156.2

113.0
137.2
111.0
134.0
131.9
106.4

111.6
135.9
103.9
135.2
128.4
106.2

110.8
133.0
99.1
147.6
126.1
103.3

131.9
180.8
164.2
166.3
175.0
130.1

129. 6
178.7
126.2
158.4
162.4
122.0

123.1
170.5
115.3
168.7
159.5
119.6

108.4
149.9
170.5

108.6
143.8
159.0

106.3
141.3
150.6

129.1
194.0
164.8

131.1
184.0
147.7

127.4
179.0
148.3

120.1
123.7
111.6

121.4
126.0
114.6

109.8
124.8
109.6

143.9
142.6
126.6

137.1
143.0
139.5

125.5
146.7
127.0

130.2
120.5
126.8
116.0
106.5

123.6
116.9
123.1
110.8
105.4

120.8
115.5
121.1
92.3
104.2

153.2
132.7
144.6
148.3
121.5

147.1
128.3
138.5
134. 1
114.0

146.7
128.4
137.1
110.7
113.1

0)

140.4
107.3
126.2
127.0
135.4

0)

141.3
100.9
125.7
131.3
132.9

0)

139.5
98.1
122.1
117.6
128.8

0)

167.0
116.9
147.5
158.8
169.2

0)

177.2
113.0
147. 7
160.2
169.8

263.5
171.0
200.2
181.6

0)

179.0
100.5
145.7
139.6
165.4

27
TABLE 6.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Fifty-five Additional Manufacturing
Industries—Continued
[12-month average 1939=100]
Employment
Industry

Miscellaneous group:
Chemical fire extinguishers 2
Buttons
Instruments, professional, scientific, and commercial
Optical goods
>
.
Photographic apparatus
Pianos, organs, and parts
Toys, games, and playground equipment.
1
2

Pay rolls

August
1941

July
1941

June
1941

August
1941

July
1941

301.4
116 2

276.8
112.6

258.5
112.4

383.9
135.5

360.4
139.3

200 0
173.6
126.9
126.1
144.6

192.2
168.1
123.9
123.2
136.0

185.5
166.3
120.4
121.5
134.7

432.1
148.2
242.1
204.2
156.4
144.6
157.1

246.4
198.1
149.1
137.6
145.3

231.1
196.4
154.3
133.2
145.8

June
1941

Not available.
Revisions of employment and pay-roll indexes in the following industries have been made as indicated:
Wire drawing—April and May employment to 136.3,136.9; pay roll to 158.0,168.7.
Steel barrels, kegs, and drums—April and May employment to 117.8,129.9; pay roll to 146.1,168.6.
Pumps—March, April, and May employment to 157.9,165.4,173.8; pay roll to 203.8, 218.5, 243.0.
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts—April and May employment to 148.0,159,8; pay roll to 169.4,185.7.
Wood turned and shaped—May employment to 115.8; April and May pay roll to 135.3 and 136.3.
Abrasive wheels—December, January, February, March, April, and May employment to 144.6, 150.7,
156.1,163.4,171.8,177.1; pay roll to 159.3,157.5,171.0,181.6, 202.6, 221.4..
Asbestos products—April and May employment to 121.8,127.2; pay roll to 140.8,158.9.
Gypsum—April and May employment to 110.5,116.7; pay roll to 126.1,134.0.
Textile bags—April and May employment to 111.0 and 110.4; April pay roll to 119.7.
Cordage and twine—February, March, April, and May employment to 117.3,119.8,124.4 and 128.7; January, February, March, April, and May pay roll to 121.1,129.7,137.8,147.9, and 160.3.
Chemical fire extinguishers—April and May employment to 225.2, 241.5; pay roll to 273.1, 332.8.




28
TABLE 7.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing 1 and

Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, August 1940 to August 1941
1940

1941

Industry
Av. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug.
Employment

Manufacturing
All industries.-.

107.5 107. 4 111.4 113.8 114.7 116.2 115. 5 117. 8 119.9 122.6 124.9 127.9 130.5 132.8

Durable goods3
Nondurable goods *_ ..
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining 8
Bituminous-coal mining8_.
Metalliferous mining •
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Telephone and telegraph77.
Electric light and power _.
Street 8railways and
busses
Wholesale trade
Retail trade 7
..
Year-round hotels«
Laundries8
..
8
Dyeing and cleaning .

L04.3 102.4 108.2 112. 8 115.5
L10. 6 112. 2114.4 114.8 113.8

0 123. 7 127. 7 131.3 135.1 137. 7 138.4
116.3 117.8 118.8 121.1 123. 7 127. 5

49.4 50.4 50.8 50.3 50.6 50.2
48.6
50.7 49.9
88.0 86.6 87.7 89.2 89.8 90.1 90.2 90.6 91.1 23.5 87.9
71.5 72.5 72.6 72.5 72.2 72.5 73.4 74.3 77.2 77.1
44.2 48.2 51.0
45.3 48.5 48.9 48.8 47.2 45.4 41.7

49.2 49.3 50.0
88.1 90.3 92.6
78.9 79.0 80.0
51.9 52.7 53.9

62.9 63.6 63.0 62.4 61.3 60.7 60.3 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.3 61.5 62.1 62.3
77.9 79.0 78.9 79.1 79.2 79.7 80.4 80.9 81.8 83.2 84.6 86.3 88.3 89.1
91.1 93.0 92.7 92.3 91.8 91.3 90.5 90.1 90.3 91.3 92.2 93.5 94.1 95.3
68.5 68.4
90.1
88.7
90.3
102. 8
106. 7

90.4

92.3
92.0
99. 5
.04. 7

68.5 68.7 68.7 68.4 68.3
90.9 91.0 91.8 92.5 91.2
92.8 94.3 96. 3 108.1 90.5
91.6 93.4 92.3 92.6 92.9
101. 9 100.
1.2 99. 7 100.. 3 101.4
110.0 109.4 106.0 103..3 101.0

68.0 68.2
91.4 91.8
90.7 92.5
93.9 94.2
101.1 102.5
101.4 104.4

68.9 69.1 69.5
92.4 92.2 93.8 94.2 95.7
97.8 96.1 97.8 96.7 96.4
95.2 96.3 95.0 94.5 94.8
104. 9 108.3 112.0 115.8 114.6
117. 2 120.6 122. 7121. 7 118. 5

Pay rolls

All industries
Durable goods 3
Nondurable goods4
Non manufacturing

105.4 105.5 111. 6 116.2 116.4 122.4 120.7 126.8 131. 2 134.7 144.1 152. 2 152. 6 157. 8
115.1 123.4 125.1 131.7 132.0 139. 3 144. 6 149. 9 163.1173. 9 172. 3 177.1
102. 7 104.4 107. 7 108.1 106.6 112.1 108.1 112.9 116.3 117. 7 122.9 127.9 130. 7 136. 2

Anthracite mining 8
38.5 33.1 39.3 32.3 37.6 42.7 38.5 45.2 42.4 24.3 33.4 51.2 34.8 51.1
Bituminous-coal mining 8_ _ 81.2 82.5 83.2 83.6 84.5 91.4 87.8 90.8 93.8 15.5 103. 4 107. 2 105. 4 L16.6
70.4 71.8 72.7 78.9
Metalliferous mining •
66.7 68.5 69.5 71.3 69.8
85.3 79.3 86.5
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
40.5 45.2 46.2 46.7 42.3 42.4 36.9 38.2 40.3 47.0 53.2 55.7 55.5 59.2
Crude-petroleum produc58.2 59.0 58.2 57.6 56.8 55.9 55. 7 57.
57.33 fl56.1 57.8 58.6 59.9 61.4 61.3
tion
.04.33 106. 4107. 3 110.5 113.0 115.7 115.6
Telephone and telegraph77_ 100. 2 100.4 101. 8 102. 2 103. 2 103. 5103. 9 104.
Electric light and power .. 104. 8 108.1 105.8 107.0 106.9 106.0 105.1 105. 4 106.1 107.6 109. 6 111. 4 113.
1. 5 115. 2
Street 78
r a i l w a y s and
70.4 70.4 71.5 70.7 70.3 73.1 70.7 71.0 72.5 72.0 72.7 76.2 75.8 77.8
busses
79.0 78.7 81.1 80.2 80.7 83.4 80.5 81.4 82.0 83.4 84.6 88.4 88.0 89.2
Wholesale trade.
84.2 81.5 85,1 85.8 87.1 97.3 83.7 84.6 86.2 91.7 91.5 95.2 94.0 93.6
Retail trade 7
82.4 80. 81.8 84.2 83.6 84.1 84.1 86.1 85.7 87.1 87.9 87.4 87.6 89.0
Year-round8 hotels 8
87.7 90.5 89.9 88.0 87.2 89.2 89.8 89.7 90.9 95.8 98. 7 102. 5106.7 104.7
Laundries
78. 78.9 85.6 82.4 77.8 75.8 73.3 74.4 77.2 97.8 96.1 '8.4 96.4 91.6
Dyeing and cleaning 8
i 3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to Preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. See tables 9, 10,
and 11 of December 1940 Employment and Pay Rolls for comparablefiguresback to January 1919 for "all
manufacturing" and January 1923 for "durable goods" and "nondurable goods."
212-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining,
and crude-petroleum production are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls
or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of Monthly Labor Review. For other nonmanufacturing indexes
see notes 5, 6, and 7.
»Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied
products,
and stone, clay, and glass products.
4
Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products,
and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
8
Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are presented in January 1938 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet. See also table 7 of October 1940 pamphlet
for revisedfiguresfor anthracite mining February 1940 to September 1940.
•7 See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised indexes January 1938 to January 1941.
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in Employment and Pay Rolls pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in Monthly
Labor Review prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed
form.
8
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor
companies.
9
Revised.




29
TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment in Manufacturing Industries by Metropolitan Area
[12-month average 1937=100]
Employ- Percentage
Percentage ment
index
change
change
August 1940
July to
to
August 1941 July 1941 August 1941 August 1940 August 1941
Employment index

Metropolitan area

Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y.i____
Atlanta, Ga
_.
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala-

113.2
112.5
105.3
155.5
133.9

Boston, Mass.1
Cambridge, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Somerville, M ass
Boston city and outside i

139.7
110.2
176.6
100.6
140.8

112.0
111.0
103.6
149.3
132.9
136.2
105.0
170.5
91.9
138.0

Bridgeport, Conn
Buffalo, N . Y
Canton, Ohio
Chattanooga, Tenn
Chicago, 111
Gary, Ind
Chicago city and outside.

151.7
141.9
142.9
120.6
129.2
124.9
129.4

147.2
140.9
141.0
119.3
126.8
123.3
127.0

Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cleveland, Ohio..
Columbus, Ohio.Dallas, Tex._._
Dayton, Ohio

119.4
133.7
130.5
135.9
112.8

116.7
131.9
128.2
132.6
113.5

Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
El Paso, Tex.
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex

121.6
110.7
87.4
86.8
98.1
147.6
88.1
67.9
120.0
108.8

117.8
116.4
90.6
84.5
98.1
148.2
86.7
93.5
119.3
105.6

Grand Rapids, Mich__
Hartford, Conn_ .
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind.__
Jacksonville, Fla

134.5
147.5
119.6
140.1
143.1

133.8
146.1
116.5
136.2
135.5

Kansas City, Mo
Kansas City, Kans
Kansas City, Mo., and outside..
Knoxville, Tenn
Los Angeles, Calif
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles city and outside

110.6
104.4
112.9
117.7
184.9
121.1
186.6

112.4
99.9
117.2
116.4
177.3
125.2
180.3

Louisville, Ky____
Lowell, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis

114.4
107.7
115.7
84.1
120.2

115.9
111.8
113.5
80.8
116.8

Minneapolis-St. Paul
_
St. Paul, Minn
Minneapolis city and outside....
Nashville, Tenn
New Haven, Conn

119.2
123.4
116.9
109.8
140.5

118.7
126.2
114.8
108.6
138.7

New Orleans, La
New York and northeastern New Jersey J
Newark, N. J
Jersey City, N. J
.
Paterson, N. J__
. .
Elizabeth, N. J
Yonkers, N. Y
New York City and outside l
See footnote a t end of table.

133.9
127.6
135.4
116.7
152.7
134.9
118.6
126.6

132.4
127.9
133.4
114.6
151.9
133.0
114.1
128.3




+1.1
+1.4
+1.6
+4.2

84.5
88.1
83.0
114.0
108.5

+34.0
+27.7
+26.9
+36.4
+23.4

+2.6
+5.0
+3.6
+9.5
+2.0
+3.1

104.5
86.3
102.5
86.0
107.3

+33.7
+27.7
+72.3
+17.0
+31.2

100.2
104.7
98.3
95.5
100.2
116.2
99.3

+51.4
+35.5
+45.4
+26.3
+28-. 9
+7,5
+30.3

91.2
99.3
95.3
94.3
87.5

+30.9
+34.6
+36.9
+44.1
+28,9

96.6
107.9
68.3
72.3
88.2

+25.9
+2.6
+28.0
+20.1
+11:2

93.6
82.7
70.4
79.3
87.1

+57.7
+6.5
-3. a
+51.3
+24.9

104.0
105.4
97.3
110.3
108.2

+29.3
+39.9
+22.9
+27.0
+32.3
+32.0
+12.6
+40.3
+23.8
+57.2
+39.7
+57.6
+19.-4
+12.3
+30.7

+.8

+.7

+1.3
+1.1
+1.9
+1.3
+1.9
+2.3
+1.4
+1.8
+2.5
-.6
+3.2
-4.9
-3.5

+2.7
0
-.4

+1.6

-27.4
+.6

+3.0
+.5

+1.0
+2.7
+2.9
+5.6
-1.6

+4.5
-3.7
+1.1
+4.3
-3.3

+3.5
-1.3
-3.7

+1.9
+4.1
+2.9
+.4
-2.2

+1.8
+1.1
+1.3
+1.1
-.2

+1.5
+1.8
+.5
+1.4
+3.9
-1.3

83.8
92.7
80.5
95.1
117.6
86.7
118.4
95.8
95.9
88.5
78.2
89.2

+7.5

+34.8

90.2
87.6
91.6
91.1
98.6

+32.2
+40.9
+27.6
+20.5
+42.5

94.3
104.8
105.4
99.4
119.9
102.5
90.2
104.7

+42.0
+21.8
+28.5
+17.4
+27.4
+31.6
+31.5
+20.9

30
TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment in Manufacturing Industries by Metropolitan

Area—

Continued
[12-month average 1937=100]
Employ- Percentage
Percentage ment
change
index
change
August 1940
July to
to
August 1941 July 1941 August 1941 August 1940 August 1941
Employment index

Metropolitan area

Norfolk, Va.i
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr___
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa.L. ...
Camden, N . J
Philadelphia city and outside l .

216.1
113.2
111. 2
115.0
121.7
165.1
118.2

219.1
106.9
111.3
111.1
120.6
140.5
119.0

Pittsburgh, P a . .
Portland, Oreg
Providence, R. I.i
Fall River, Mass
New Bedford, Mass
Providence city and outside 1 -

123.7
146.5
123.9
112.6
102.4
k 121.4

122.4
140.0
121.6
112.5
100.3
128.6

Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va. _.
Rochester, N. Y_.
St. Louis, Mo
Salt Lake City, Utah...

78.0
115.0
123.2
119.1
93.5

San Antonio, Tex.
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif.i
Oakland, Calif
San Francisco city and outside *_

-1.4
+5.9

149.9
91.3
90.5
84.0
97.4
141.0
93.9

+44.2
+24.0
+22.9
+36.9
+24.9
+17.1
+25.9

+1.1
+4.6
+1.9
+.1
+2.1
+2.2

100.2
93.3
98.1
103.5
72.0
103.1

+23.5
+57.0
+26.3
+8.8
+42.2
+27.4

77.4
114.8
119.2
118.6
95.7

+.8
+.2
+3.4
+.4
-2.3

69.4
103.3
99.9
93.2
80.7

116.5
359.4
151.1
161.4
148.7

113.1
308.0
144.6
160.9
140.7

107.8
186.3
109.2
140.6
101.8

Scranton, Pa_. ....
Seattle, Wash
South Bend, Ind_
Spokane, Wash
Springfield, Mass.i.

102.7
175.2
127.7
107.8
132.4

99.3
161.2
136.9
105.9
131.5

+3.0
+16.7
+4.5
+.3
+5.7
+3.4
+8.7
-6.7
+1.8
+.7

Syracuse, N . Y_.
Tacoma, Wash.
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio
Trenton, N . J .

133.6
121.0
128.2
98.8
136.9

130.5
113.6
123.5
98.7
133.3

+2.4
+6.5
+3.8
+.1
+2.7

103.8
105.5
112.7
75.1
116.6

Tulsa, Okla.. .
Utica, N . Y
Washington, D. C.i_
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington,. Del..

117.6
133.7
154.0
324.4
132.8

115.2
133.9
154.6
301.6
129.9

+2.1

94.5
95.0
112.3
121.2
95.6

+12.4
+11.3
+23.3
+27.8
+15.9
+8.1
+92.9
+38.4
+14.8
+46.1
+15.0
+46.2
+38.4
+2.4
+37.2
+28.7
+14.7
+13.8
+31.6
+17.4
+24.4
+40.7
+37.1
+167.7
+38.9

Worcester, Mass
Youngstown, Ohio.

120.8
116.3

119.5
115.9

97.7
95.2

+23.6
+22.2

—.1

+3.5
+.9
+17.5
-.7

-.1
-.4

+7.6
+2.2
+1.1
+.3

89.3
119.8
92.3
105.3
96.5

i Includes employment in Government navy yards and arsenals.

WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIES

The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending July 15, 1941, as shown
by reports received from manufacturing* and nonmanufacturing
establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau.
As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an
industry and furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report
wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries.




31
TABLE 9.—Wage-Rate

Changes Reported by Manufacturing

and

Establishments During Month Ending August 15, 1941
Establishments

Group and industry

All manufacturing

..

Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery.

Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.. _
..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and
edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel. .
Plumbers'supplies
..
Stamped and enameled ware
-Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam
fittings.
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metal work.
Wirework
Screw-machine products-.
._„.
Machinery, not including transportation equipment
..
Agricultural implements (including tractors)
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies....
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills _
Foundry and machine-shop products-.
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts.M achine-tool accessories
Refrigerators and refrigerating apparatus.
Transportation equipment.

Aircraft
Automobiles...
Shipbuilding..
Nonferrous metals and their products

Brass, bronze, and copper products..
Jewelry
Lighting equipmentSheet-metal work
l u m b e r and allied products

FurnitureLumber:
Millwork..
Sawmills
Wooden boxes, other than cigar..
Stone, clay, and glass products-.

Brick, tile, and terra cotta__
Marble, granite, slate, and other products.
Pottery
Glass products made from purchased glass..
Wallboard and plaster, except gypsumTextiles and their products
Fabrics
Cotton goods
Cotton smallwares
Dyeing and finishing textiles..
Hats, fur-felt.
_._
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods..
Cordage and twine
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments.
Men's furnishings...
Shirts and collars
Gloves and mittens, cloth or cloth and leatherSee footnotes a t end of table.




Nonmanufacturing
l2

Employees

Average
percentage
change
in
wage
NumNumTotal
Total
rates
ber renum- ber re- number
of
emporting
porting
ber
covered increases covered increases ployees
having
increases
33, 701

885 7,629,475

290,249

7.3

12, 793
20, 908

406 4,139,876
479 3,489,599

160,343
129,906

7.4
7.2

2,572
342
66

59 1,104, 765
4
586,479
19,191
4

16,980
4,257
651

11.1

16, 749
20,190
29,042
51,667

400
452
1,044
2,123

109
243
293
164
84
3,871
110
590
70
2,272
205
80
129
109
51
844
108
403
219
1,083
341
198
88
131
2,825
717

4
44,933
8
43,651
5
36,038
26,157
9
3
20,867
139 1,247,901
15
70, 733
12
343, 428
92, 445
3
405,819
75
97,463
10
3
59, 411
25,125
5
19,975
7
36,979
5
906,044
30
220, 375
9
396, 679
7
11
215, 695
255, 527
55
20
103,698
5
19, 521
14,093
3
8,194
5
382,110
82
32
118,149

1,205
1,508
238
2,444
177
64,018
29,396
1,983
15,777
9,883
2,253
251
155
964
3,210
39, 319
15, 214
10,240
12,842
20, 874
12,085
149
74
231
14, 804
8,519

*580
751
140
1,598
530
153
244
129
57
24
6,671
3,513
824
135
231
49
325
223
405
415
61
3,158
1,215
1,184
64
153
278
40

14
45, 230
22
145,068
3
14, 691
243, 529
41
13
50, 517
3
74, 701
3
5,924
5
34, 695
4
3,554
3
7,309
134 1,438,442
82 1,070,136
4
450,480
7
16,058
4
59, 539
6
8,163
3
101, 429
9
19,177
77,406
15
19
170,405
3
13,146
52
368, 306
14
158,471
99,495
22
3
12, 242
15, 273
4
59, 210
5
7,817
4

2,218
2,621
305
4,348
885
336
48
644
426
775
33,377
27,430
1,660
548
657
3,274
760
407
1,720
11,332
756
5,947
1,686
984
231
270
1,969
807

119
99
110
237

3
3
3
7

9.5
3.3

5.7
7.5

12.3
8.3

8.6

11.1
7.9

13.0
7.4
7.1
5.3
8.1

10.0
8.0
5.4
8.5
5.3
4.2
7.8
8.9
8.9
5.6

11.4
4.8
3.3
2.2
7.8
8.9
6.6
6.9
6.3
5.0
3.5
6.9
6.9
7.8
6.3
7.8
6.1
5.8
7.2
7.0

10.4
9.9

11.6
5.9
9.3

10.1
6.8
6.9
7.9
8.4

10.3
11.5
8.6
6.9
6.7
5.4

32
TABLE 9.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing
Establishments During Month Ending August 15, 1941—Continued
Average
percentage
change
in wage
NumTotal NumTotal
rates
num- ber re- number
ber re- of
ember
porting covered porting ployees
covered increases
increases having
increases
Establishments

Group and industry

Employees

Leather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
Leather
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings..

1,084
512
176
126

52
30
11
8

257,190
180, 233
39,065
10, 946

20, 699
17, 487
2,769
396

Food and kindred products
Baking.
Canning and preserving..
Confectionery

5,295
1,036
314
1,009
280

135
12
5
11
6

597, 903
83, 209
6,273
183, 596
38, 941

49,290
1,165
243
1,862
1,994

331
283
334
78

17
4
33
29

15,103
12, 214
121, 356
5,652

1,676
113
36,989
1,702

7.3
5.3
7.3
6.9

Paper and printing
Boxes, paper. _
Paper and pulp
....
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals
Paper goods, not elsewhere classified..
Lithographing

4,002
655
437

62
15
17

410, 326
51,339
144, 972

7,241
1,712
3,467

6.9
6.2
6.5

1,604
731
148
79

17
3
4
3

84,430
63, 285
22,885
8,206

656
153
217
514

15.5

Chemical, petroleum, and coal products
Chemicals
Druggists' preparations._._
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes. _
Soap
Compressed and liquefied gases..

2,291
244
96
40
311
408
84
79

58
11
5
3
7
9
3
3

372, 614
79,820
15,929
11, 651
11,395
25,593
18,006
2,902

7,772
2,856
249
295
199
534
944
72

257
202

13
10

143,173
53,313

8,252
4,262

1,078
55
41

25
3
4

197, 264
6,251
8, 565

3,275
230
616

3 94,810
3
1,050
3 380
3 1,090
3
480
3 2,860
3
170

301 3,036,400
242,100
30
75,600
6
40,700
13
34, 500
5
247, 600
60
33, 300
4

32,052
4,503
3,305
450
928
11,150
662

3
350
314,930
3 54,880
3
1,950
3 1, 300
1,260

133,900
9
56
346, 300
78 1,060, 800
12
147,600
15
91,000
11
18, 300

4,356
1,217
2,239
2,091
895
239

Flour
Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packingSugar, beet

Rubber products
Rubber goods, other..
Miscellaneous
Buttons
Sporting and athletic goods....
All nonmanufacturing (except building construction).
Bituminous mining
Metalliferous mining
_'__..
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining. _
Crude-petroleum production
Electric light and power._
Manufactured gas
Street railways and busses
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Hotels
Laundries.
Brokerage

5.7
5.5
6.2

14.6
7.6
8.0
4.9

13.1
7.6

6.5
9.2

10.3
10.3
9.6

10.0
7.3

14.6
9.8

10.4
9.8

6.8
6.6
7.4
8.0
7.2
7.1

14.4
4.9

12.2
5.6
4.1

10.5
6.3
9.1
6.0
8.9

10.9
8.6

1 Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. They are, however, included where practicable in "all manufacturing," and in the various
industry
groups.
2
No decreases reported.
3
Approximate—based on previous month's sample.

Public Employment
Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls in the executive
service, on relief programs, and on construction projects financed
wholly or partially from Federal funds, are presented in tables 10
through 19.




33
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United States
Government, August 1941 *
[Subject to revision]
Pay rolls

Employment
Class

August

Entire service:
Total.
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation..
Forceaccount
..
Inside the District of Columbia:
Total.
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation.
Forceaccount
Outside the District of Columbia:
Total.
—_
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Forceaccount
1

Percentage
change

July
1941

1941

1,444,985 1, 391,689

+3.8

1, 249, 979 1, 203, 371
22,437
24,486
163,832
172, 569

+3.9
-8.4

August

July
1941

1941

Percentage
change

188, 866,179
3, 253, 790
25, 652,085

178,152,006
3, 407, 055
24,418, 245

31, 740,104

28, 524, 770

29, 249,425
541, 562
1, 949,117

26,063, 693
482, 691
1, 978, 386

+5.7
+6.0
-4.5
+5.1
+11.3
+12.2
+12.2
-1.5

$217, 772,054 $205,977, 306

186, 931

185,182

+5.3
+.9

173, 553
3,360
10, 018

171, 425
3,558
10,199

+1.2
-5.6
-1.8

1, 258, 054 1,185, 874

+6.1

186, 031,950

177,452, 536

+4.8

+7.7
-52.7
+11.3

159, 616, 754
2, 712, 228
23, 702, 968

152,088, 313
2, 924, 364
22,439,859

+5.0
-7.3
+5.6

1, 076,426
19, 077
162, 551

999, 490
40, 361
146,023

Data relate to the last pay period of the month.
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, August 1941 x
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

Maximum 2

All programs..

5,909

Weekly

Monthly
pay
rolls

Manhours
worked
during
month

5,110

$672,435

767,821

average

Value of
Average material
orders
earnings placed
per hour during
month
$0.876

$787, 796

Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery
Act and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act,
1938 funds

All projects.
Airport construction (exclusive of buildings).
Building construction..
Public roads 4__
..
Reclamation.

3 909

836

129
172
(«)
574

129
153
34
520

$111,677

139,402

$0.801

$163,200

12, 748
19, 829
2,012
77,088

19,063
19, 516
5,161
95,662

.669
1.016
.390
.806

7,361
117, 840
4,000
33,999

Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial
Recovery Act, Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, 1935,
1936, and 1937, and Public Works Administration Act, 1938
funds

All projects..
Building construction.
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Railroad construction.
Reclamation
Streets and roads.
Water and sewerage.
Miscellaneous.

_...
_.

5,000

4,274

$560, 758

628, 419

$0.892

$624, 596

361
274
3,921
63

279
257
3,355
63

37, 614
53, 614
432,038
242

25,186
37,116
526, 786
400

1.493
1.444
.820
.605

35, 517
14, 206
545,330
0

21
153
186
21

13
137
149
21

1,308
11,090
22,130
2,722

1,598
11,006
23, 605
2,722

.819
1.008
.938
1.000

574
2,440
26, 529
0

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
4 Includes weekly average for public roads.
Under the jurisdiction of Public Roads Administration.
* Not available; weekly average included in the total for all projects.




34
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Rent Housing Projects Operated by the
United States Housing Authority, August 1941
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Geographic division

Weekly

Maximum

Monthly
pay rolls

average

Manhours
worked
during
month

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

All divisions-.

44,191

37,277 $5,034,069

5,172,506

$0.973

$8,387,872

New England
Middle Atlantic
East North CentraL.
West North Central
South Atlantic

5,578
6,666
7,181
595
12,392

5,031
5,683
6,213
532
10,279

758, 669
1,032,921
1,013, 502
98,866
1,131,699

716,211
861,036
869,679
81,113
1,395,221

1.059
1.200
1.165
1.219
.811

1, 265, 732
1,480, 442
1,401, 664
123.202
1,653,093

2,389
4,673
681
2,197
1,839

1,818
3,858
596
1,912
1,355

159,252
422,022
50,217
304, 774
62,147

225, 342
506,043
48,043
260,205
209, 613

.707
.834
1.045
1.171
.296

441, 531
1,168,890
88,663
637, 763
126,892

East South Central..
West South Central,
Mountain.
Pacific
Outside continental United States..

TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Work-Relief Projects of the Work Projects
Administration, August 1941 *
[Subject to revision]
Type of project

Average
weekly employment

Pay-roll disbursements

Man-hours
worked

1,042,565

$62,100,000

134,000,000

$0.463

349, 719
692,846

20,800,000
41,300,000

45,800,000
88,200,000

.454
.468

All W PA projects 2..
Defense projects
Nondefense projects..

_
_

Average
earnings
per hour

1 Data on employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in August on each type of project were not
available when this report was prepared. The figures for July are presented in table 14,
2 Includes projects operated by other Federal agencies but financed by WPA funds.

TABLE 14.—Average Employment and Pay Rolls on Work-Relief Projects of the Work
Projects Administration, by Type of Project, July 1941 x
[Subject to revision]

Type of project

All projectsConservation
Highways, roads, and streets
Community service programs (excluding sewing) _
Public buildings
Publicly owned or operated utilities..
Recreational facilities 3 -.
Sanitation
Sewing
Airports and airways
Not elsewhere classified—Total
National defense vocational training
Other

Employment 2

Pay-roll
disbursements

Average
Man-hours hourly
worked
earnings

1,054,901 $68,231,116 147,192,880
24,
352,
216,
122,
97,

231
311
742
051
605

1, 395, 554
3,059, 570
20,413,836 48, 095, 868
15,140, 620 29,669, 846
8, 769, 378 17, 722,400
6, 391,913 13, 326,421

$0.464
.456
.424
.510
.495
.480

41, 238
8,444
58,173
64, 317
69, 789

3, 060, 708
568, 542
3, 424, 281
4,187, 509
4,878,775

6,047, 743
1, 367, 632
8, 300,265
10,024, 547
9, 578, 588

.506
.416
.413
.418
.509

39, 599
30,190

2, 279, 044
2, 599,731

5,018, 599
4, 559,989

.454
.570

1 Includes projects operated by other Federal agencies but financed by WPA funds.
2 Data for all projects, airports and airways, and national-defense vocational training represent average of
weekly employment counts made during the calendar month. Data for all other types of projects represent
a distribution of the average for all projects on the basis of employment on
these types as of July 30.
N
3 Exclusive of buildings.




35
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects,
August and July, 1941
[Subject to revision]
Employment

P a y rolls

Type of project
August 1941 July 1941 August 1941 July 1941

Total

._.

Student Work Program
Out-of-school Work Program.....

318,726

325,045

$7, 565, 989

$7,176,122

338
318, 388

2,309
322, 736

1,350
7, 564,639

12,375
7,163,747

TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, August and
July 1941 1
[Subject to revision]

Pay rolls

Employment
Group
A u g u s t 1941

J u l y 1941

August 1941

July 1941

All groups, _

203,271

210,121

$9,988,793

$10,388,164

Enrolled personnel2._
Nurses 3
Educational advisers 3 . .__
Supervisory and technical 3 ..

173,944
114
1,243
27,970

178, 296
124
1,392
30,309

5,469,939
15,809
236,419
4, 266,626

5,603,997
17, 313
244, 314
4, 522, 540

1
Employment figure is an average of counts of enrolled personnel taken at 10-day intervals, and number
employed
on last day of month for other groups.
2
August data include 3,273 enrollees and pay roll of $59,210 outside continental United States; in July the
corresponding
figures were 3,249 enrollees and pay roll of $60,711.
3
Included in executive service, table 10.

TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, August 1941 1
[Subject to revision]

Type of project

Employment 2

Monthly
pay rolls

Man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed during month

All projects..

14,670

$2,383,076

2,118, 653

$1.125

$6, 707,038

Building construction 3_.
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Heavy engineering

13, 982
412
151
125

2, 335,100
6,913
26,499
14, 564

2,069, 552
10, 624
26,304
12,173

1.128
.651
1.007
1.196

6, 397, 769
53,253
256,016

' Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
Includes 595 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $95,544; 85,344 man-hours worked, and material orders
placed of $61,576 on projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co.
2
3




36
TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, August 1941 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

3

All projects
Airport construction
Building construction:
Residential
Nonresidential
Electrification:
Rural Electrification
Administration projects 4
_.
Other than REA projects
Heavy engineering
Public roads •
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments,
etc...
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
Water and sewage
Miscellaneous

Monthly
pay rolls

Value of
Man-hours Average material
worked
earnings
orders
during
per hour placed durmonth
ing month

Maximum 2

Weekly
average

883,408

813,397 $129,039,031 142,552,446

$0,905 $232,024,934

58,333

52,249

7, 332,087

9,802,371

.748

16,547,255

61,219
320,964

52,797
288,683

7,014,754
50, 776,689

7,840,946
51,119,406

.895
.993

8,889,425
77,474,402

10,560
1,040
5,391
(6)
33,540

8,601
924
5,391
90,330
32,097

616,152
132,509
430,877
9, 564,235
5,317,686

1,137, 798
132,030
727,967

14,029,475
5,999,343

.542
1.004
.592
.682

2,623,917
138.739
522,893
15,451,875
8,192,410

37,496
8,074

33,146
7,482
164,803
49,639
3,658
1,381
22,216

4,261, 731
1,139,830

5,803, 526
1,336,478

.734
.853

5,321,021
1,234,638

31,499,671
9,683,600
379,462
153,135
736,613

32, 576, 356
9,175, 594
511,321
178,823
2,181,012

.967
1.055
.742
.856
.338

64,298,302
22,678,806
903,320
401,692

172,302
55,348
4,203
1,644
22,964

7,346,239

12 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
*6 Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
6
Not available, weekly average includes the total for all projects.

TABLE 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
August 1941, July 1941 and August 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Pay rolls

Employment *
Item

August
1941

July
1941

August
1940

August
1941

July
1941

August
1940

Total

206,333

202,158

201,836

$16,845,535

$16,758,517

$15,045,089

New roads
Maintenance

67,699
138,631

65,507
136,651

64,133
137,703

5,227,201
11,618,334

4,924,578
11,833,939

4,357,497
10,687,592

1 Projects financed wholly from State or local funds.
2
Average number working during month.




O