Full text of Employment and Payrolls : August 1940

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Serial No. R. 1186

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner

EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief

AUGUST 1940
»##+*#+*+#+##+######+*#+###+++#+**+##+#++##++++++#**#+++#####+*»+#####

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1940




U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Supplement to report on Employment and Pay Rolls, August 1940

Use of Average Hourly Earnings in "Escalator" Clauses
Average hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in
table 6, have been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1932. These averages are published for the use of those who
wish either to compare the average earnings of wage earners in different
industries or to study the changes in average earnings over a period
of time.
Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated.
The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group may
change from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By
reason of changes in the wages paid, or (2) by reason of changes in the
composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different
periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident
that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners
employed in a high-wage industry increases proportionally more than
employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings
for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place
even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any
wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual
hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage
earners in the group. The averages contained in table 6 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods1, and for the various
subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products,''
reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure
the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work
in each respective period.
To an increasing extent use is being made of these average hourly
earnings figures in so-called "escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that
might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise
no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have
been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments
to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly
earnings in the durable-goods industries.
It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's
average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable
269270—40




to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with certain
caution. The purpose for which they were compiled limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of change in labor
rates. In these months the averages show a seasonal movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly earnings
figure in the durable-goods industries dropped from 73.2 cents in June
to 72.7 cents in July. This drop was due not to a general decline in
wages in this period but almost entirely to the fact that employment
in the automobile industry declined sharply as the result of model
changes. This industry is a high-wage industry in which the average
hourly earnings are about 95 cents an hour. Between June and July,
employment in the automobile industry dropped from 104.9 to 82.3.
This relative decline, of a purely seasonable character, in the number
of highly paid automobile workers was very largely responsible for the
decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in durablegoods industries.
By way of illustration of the problem involved, it would be possible
to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in
the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at
work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries the
same weights in July and August that they had in June and considering
only the influence of changes in average earnings in each industry, we
find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the currently
p u b l i s h e d figures from July to August. This means that from
June to August, the currently published figures show a slight decline
over this 3 month interval whereas the series computed with constant
weights shows a small gain.
It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type
of average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the
contracts already drawn, least of all can the method of compiling an
average be changed. It is obvious however that in incorporating any
statistical series in legal documents careful consideration should be
given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and
to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau
are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's
series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied,
these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in
the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the
one hand a careful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the
contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to
discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in
mind.




o

CONTENTS
Summary of employment reports for August 1940:
Total nonagricultural employment
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed tables for August 1940:
Nonagricultural employment, _
Industrial and business employment
Public employment

Page
1
1
5
7
9
25

Tables
SUMMARY

TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
August 1940
TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, August 1940_

4
6

NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 3.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups._
TABLE 4.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States
..

8
8

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 5.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, August 1940
TABLE 6.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, June through August
1940
....
... . . . .
TABLE 7.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes of
employment and pay rolls, August 1939 through August
1940.! .__.
TABLE 8.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in July and August
1940
TABLE 9.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wage rate
changes during month ending August 15, 1940

12
18
22
23
24

PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT

TABLE 10.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls in July and August 1940
TABLE 11.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
August 1940, by type of project




(Hi)

25
26

IV
Page
TABLE 12.—Housing projects of the United States Housing Authority—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, August
1940, by geographic division
TABLE 13.—Projects financed by the Work Projects Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on Federal
agency projects, August 1940, by type of project; employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, August 1940_
TABLE 14.—Projects operated by the Work Projects Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, July 1940,
by type of project
...
TABLE 15.—National Youth Administration student wTork program and
out-of-school wTork program—employment and pay rolls,
July and August 1940
.. .__
TABLE 16.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
July and August 1940
TABLE 17.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, August 1940, by type of project
._.
TABLE 18.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
August 1940, by type of project
TABLE 19.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, August 1940, July 1940, and
August 1939




27

27
28
28
29
29
30
30

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR AUGUST 1940
Total Nonagricultural Employment
AN INCREASE of over 430,000 workers from July to August brought
the employment level in nonagricultural occupations to nearly
36,000,000 persons. This was 1,130,000 more than a year ago and
exceeded all previous August levels since 1929, with the single exception of August 1937. The major portion of the current increase was in
manufacturing industries, which showed approximately 320,000 more
workers on jobs in August than in July, or more than double the usual
seasonal increase. Employment in the Federal, State, and local
government services increased by more than 40,000. Over 40,000
additional workers were employed on Federal and private construction
projects; 17,000 were added in the field of transportation and public
utilities; and 8,000 in the mining group of industries. In the financial
and service industries there was a net gain of approximately 7,000
workers between July and August. In wholesale and retail trade
combined, employment declined by about 4,000, reflecting midsummer
recession in retail trade activity.
These figures exclude emergency employment, which, as a result of
the following changes, showed a net increase of 50,000: A decrease of
4,000 on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, an
increase of 10,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps, and an increase
of 44,000 on the out-of-school work program of the National Youth
Administration.
Industrial and Business Employment
Employment gains were reported by 77 of the 90 manufacturing
industries surveyed and by 9 of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries
covered. Pay-roll gains were shown by 79 of the manufacturing and
9 of the nonmanufacturing industries.
The increase of 4.1 percent or more than 320,000 workers in factory
employment was accompanied by a rise of 7.6 percent or $13,800,000
in weekly factory pay rolls. The seasonally expected July-August
increases are 1.8 percent in manufacturing employment and 3.1 percent
in factory pay rolls. Employment in industries manufacturing mateCD




rials for national defense continued to expand. Peak employment for
all years for which the Bureau has indexes was registered in shipbuilding, aircraft, engines, machine tools, aluminum, and explosives.
The largest gains in these industries were in shipbuilding (6,000), aircraft (5,200), and engines (2,500). Other manufacturing industries
stimulated directly or indirectly by war-material orders showed large
employment gains as follows: Sawmills, 16,200; steel, 12,600; foundries,
9,900; men's clothing, 7,900; hardware, 6,900; woolen and worsted
goods, 6,400; and electrical machinery, 6,200. Canning and preserving firms showed a seasonal employment increase of 71,000 wage
earners, and women's clothing factories a seasonal gain of 34,500.
Factories manufacturing automobiles and automobile parts expanded
their forces by 16,500 workers, reflecting production of new models.
The meat-packing industry reported a larger-than-seasonal lay-off of
5,500 workers, and the baking industry a reduction of 800 workers.
Bituminous coal-mine employment showed a gain of 2.0 percent
coupled with a pay-roll increase of 10.8 percent, reflecting a stepping-up
of production in response to increased industrial demands. Metal
mines and quarries reported small employment gains, while declines
were shown in anthracite mining and crude-oil production employment. Slight employment declines in the telephone and telegraph
and street railway and bus industries were offset by a small employment gain in the electric light and power industry. Hotels and
laundries reported small contraseasonal employment gains. Brokerage firms curtailed employment by 2.7 percent.
Retail stores recorded an employment decline of 0.8per cent, which
was of about seasonal proportions. Department store employment
fell 1.9 percent and variety stores reported 1.3 percent fewer workers.
Other retail lines showing reduced employment were groceries 0.7
percent, automobiles 1.1 percent, women's clothing 3.5 percent, men's
clothing 3.6 percent, and shoes 5.2 percent. Among the lines reporting
increased employment were filling stations, electrical supplies, plumbing equipment, cigars, drugs, jewelry, and fuel and ice.
Wholesale trade firms reported an employment gain of 0.9 percent,
which corresponded closely to the average percentage change between
July and August for the past 11 years. Gains were general among the
various wholesale lines, seasonal activity contributing to the more
pronounced increases shown in farm products (10.8 percent), jewelry and
optical goods (8.2 percent), assemblers and country buyers (8.0 percent),
general merchandise (4.3 percent), and farm supplies (3.2 percent).
Employment in the private building construction industry increased
5.2 percent. This was greater-than-seasonal, the 1939 August increase
having been 0.8 percent and the corresponding monthly gain during
the 1932-39 period having averaged 3 percent. Employment in
August 1940 was 15.6 percent above that of August 1939. All of the




3

geographic divisions except the Mountain and West North Central
States reported employment increases over the month. The largest
gain (23.7 percent) occurred in the East South Central States, primarily because of accelerated war-materials plant construction in
Tennessee. Extensive hotel and residential construction in Florida
contributed to an employment increase of 8.8 percent for the South
Atlantic area. Substantial gains in California and Oregon resulted
in an 8.1 percent gain in the Pacific States.
General contractors reported a 7.7-percent increase in employment,
while special-trades contractors showed a 2.9-percent gain. Employment continued to increase in 11 of the 15 special building trades
surveyed, principally plastering (10.7 percent), carpentering (8.9
percent), electrical contracting (5.0 percent), and glazing (4.0 percent). Recessions were reported in brick and stone masonry (2.1
percent) and structural-steel erection (4.6 percent). The reports on
which these private building construction figures are based do not
cover construction projects financed by the Work Projects Administration, the Public Works Administration, and the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, or by regular appropriations of the Federal,
State, or local governments.
The preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for
class I steam railroads showed an employment gain of 0.9 percent, or
nearly 8,200 workers, between July and August. The total number
employed in August was 1,059,364. Corresponding pay-roll figures for
August were not available when this report was prepared. For July
they were $167,628,698, an increase of $7,875,060 since June.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners were 38.4 in August, an increase of 3.2 percent
from July. The corresponding average hourly earnings were 66.7
cents, an increase of less than 0.1 percent from the preceding month.
The average weekly earnings of factory workers were $26.10, an increase of 3.3 percent since July. Wage-rate increases were reported
by 169 manufacturing establishments out of a total of approximately
26,200 establishments which supplied employment information to this
Bureau in August. About 24,700 wage earners out of a total of
approximately 5,000,000 covered in this survey were affected by these
wage-rate increases, which averaged 6.6 percent. Among the firms
reporting increases were 18 paper and pulp mills (affecting 5,917
workers), 3 woolen mills (1,788 workers), and 15 men's clothing
factories (1,664 workers).
As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage
changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total
number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing industries.
Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hours are
-available, 11 showed gains in average hours worked per week, and 5




showed increases in average hourly earnings. Nine of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed reported gains in weekly earnings.
The only significant wage increases in the group of nonmanuf acturing
industries surveyed were in street railways and busses, and in the
distribution of natural gas. Some 1,600 workers employed on street
railways and busses received a 1.5-percent wage-rate increase, and
nearly 900 employees in the natural-gas industry received increases
ranging from 3 to 5 percent.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings for
August 1940 are given in table 1 for all manufacturing industries
combined, for selected nonmanuf acturing industries, for water transportation, and for class I railroads. Percentage changes over the
month and year intervals are also given.
TABLE 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries
Combined and in Nonmanuf acturing Industries, August 1940

Percentage
Percentage
AverIndex, change from— Index, change from— age
in
August
August
August
1940
1940
July August 1940
July August
1939
1940
1939
1940

Industry

All manufacturing
combined1

Average weekly
earnings

Pay roll

Employment

(1923-25
industries = 100)
__ 103.6 +4.1

Class I steam railroads 2
Coal mining: 4
Anthracite 4 . _
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining __ _ _
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 5 . . .
Electric light and power « 5 7
Street railways and busses .
Trade:
Wholesale«
Retail 5_.
410
Hotels (year-round)
... .
Laundries 4
Dyeing and cleaning 4
Brokerage
Insurance
Building construction
__
Water transportation n
1
2
3
4

59.3
(1929=
100)
50.3
86.6
71.5
48.8
63.4
78.6
92.9
68.4
90.0
88.4
90.6
102.8
105.9
(3)

81.0

+.9
-1.0

+2.0
+.7
+1.4

+7.6
+5.4
+3.9
+6.5
+18.3
+1.4

(1923-25
= 100)
103.8 +7.6

-.5

-4.9

-.2

+2.7
+2.6

100.8
107.6
70.3

+.9
-.8

+.3

+.3

-2.1
-2.7

+.2
+5.2
+.6

-1.1

+1.1
+2.4
+•9

+3.7
+3.1
— 1.3

+1.8
+15. 6

$26.10

July August
1939
1940

+3.3

+7.G
(3)

(1929=
100)
9.3
33.1
83.3 +10.8
69.1
45.0
59.1

+.7

+15.7

Percentage
change
from—

78.7
81.3
80.9
90.6
78.0
(3)

+8.5
+3.5
-.1

-.5

+1.7
+.4
+.5
-1.6

+.4

+.7

-2.4
-5.4
-.3

+6.7

-2.1

+11.6
+30.4
+4.9
-4.8

+4.6
+5.3
+.6
+3. 3
+4.2
+2.1
+5.4
+6.9

-4.5
+3.4
+20.0

21.63
25.37
30.10
23. 03
34.11
6 31. 47
6 35. 29
« 33. 77
6 30. 25
6 21. 54
6 15. 44
18.02
20.05
6
35. 35
6 36. 26
32.47

-8.5
+8.6
+7.7
+2.0

+.4
-.3

-5.8+4.8
+10.2
+3.5
+.2

+1.0
+.4

+2". 7
+1.8

-.4
-.8

+2.2
+1.8
+1.3
+1.7
+3.6

+.1

+.3

-.4
-2.7
-.5

+1.4

-3.2
+1.6
+3.7

Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures.
Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
Not available.
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue
of this pamphlet.
5
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in the
MONTHLY
LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940. Revised series available upon request.
6
Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated
earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose
duties
are mainly supervisory.
7
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies.
8
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
9
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of this
pamphlet.
10
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
» Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission.




Public Employment
The accelerated pace of the national-defense program was reflected
in employment figures for construction projects financed by regular
Federal appropriations. The number of workers employed on these
projects rose to 335,000 for the month ending August 15, as a result
of large gains on the construction of naval vessels and public roads
together with appreciable increases on many other types of projects.
Pay-roll disbursements of $39,007,000 exceeded payments in the preceding month by $4,360,000.
Contractors on low-rent projects of the United States Housing
Authority added a few building-trades workers to their pay rolls
during the month ending August 15. Pay-roll disbursements of
$5,602,000 to the 51,000 workers employed were $267,000 more than
in the preceding month.
Employment on construction projects financed by the Public Works
Administration fell to 58,000 in the month ending August 15, a decrease
of 18,000. Pay rolls of $6,485,000 were $1,229,000 less than in July.
The number of wage earners on construction projects financed by
the Reconstruction Finance Corporation decreased approximately 100
in the month ending August 15. The 2,100 workers employed during
the month w^ere paid $283,000, an increase of $18,000 over the pay
roll of the preceding month.
The effects of increased nonagricultural employment were felt on
work-relief projects of the Work Projects Administration, where the
number of persons employed decreased 4,000 in August. Pay-roll
disbursements to the 1,647,000 workers on these projects totaled
$94,784,000, a decrease of $246,000 from July. A decline of much
greater proportions occurred on Federal agency projects under the
Work Projects Administration, where employment dropped from
108,000 in Julv to 71,000 in August. Pay-roll disbursements for the
month amounted to $2,768,000.
The out-of-school work program of the National Youth Administration gave employment to an additional 44,000 persons in August.
Total wage payments for the month amounted to $4,778,000.
Employment in camps of the Civilian Conservation Corps showed
a gain of 10,000 in August. Of the 326,200 on the pay roll, 290,600
were enrollees; 1,600, educational advisers; 200, nurses; and 33,800,
supervisory and technical employees. Pay-roll disbursements for all
groups of employees totaled $14,421,000.
In the regular services of the Federal Government, employment
increases were reported in the executive, legislative, and military
branches, while the judicial service reported a decrease. Of the
1,038,229 employees in the executive service, 142,821 were working in
269270—40

2




6

the District of Columbia and 895,408 outside the District. Forceaccount employees (employees on the pay roll of the United States
Government who are engaged on construction projects, and whose
period of employment terminates as the project is completed) were
10 percent of the total number of employees in the executive service.
In the executive service, employment increases were reported in the
Departments of War, Navy, and Commerce, the Tennessee Valley
Authority, and the Post Office Department, while decreases were
reported in the Department of Agriculture and the Federal Works
Agency.
State-financed road projects furnished employment to an additional
4,000 workers in August. Of the 202,000 on the pay roll, 64,000 were
engaged in the construction of new roads and 138,000 on maintenance.
Pay-roll disbursements for both types of road work were $15,045,000.
A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal
services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal
funds is given in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in Regular Federal Services and on
Projects Financed Wholly or Partially From Federal Funds, August and July 1940
[Preliminary figures]
P a y rolls

Employment
Class
August

July

Federal services:
Executive *
- 1,038, 229 21,023, 552
2,702
Judicial
._
2,783
6,011
5, 985
Legislative-—
549, 290
515,822
Military
Construction projects:
Financed by regular Federal
334, 593
317, 691
appropriations
50, 695
50, 526
U. S. H. A. low-rent housing-58, 303
76,042
Financed by P. W. A.3
2,133
2,213
Financed by R. F. C.<
Federal agency projects financed
by Work Projects Administra70, 841
107, 803
tion
1,647,123 1,651,407
Projects operated by W. P. A
National Youth Administration:
Student work program 5
0
0
240.067
2 195,917
Out-of-school program
326, 244
316, 548
Civilian Conservation Corps

Percentage
change

August

July

+1.4 $159. 218, 015 2 $154, 787, 444
642, 475
699, 287
-2.9

Percentage
change
+2.9-8.1
—. 1

+.4
+6.5

1, 313, 988
38, 364, 271

1, 315, 833
37, 732, 671

+1.7

-23.3
-3.6

+5.3
+.3

39, 006, 635
5, 602, 339
6,484,992
283, 288

34, 646,957
5, 335,120
7,714,121
264, 726

+12.6
+5.0
-15.9
+7.0

-34.3
-.3

2, 768, 053
94,784,451

4, 376, 523
95,030,429

-36. 8

+22.5
+3.1

0
4, 777,920
14, 420,968

0
2 3, 382,162
14,146, 541

+41.3
+1.9

1
Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the
extent of 138,543 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $19,454,796 for August 1940, and 134,071 employees
and pay-roll disbursements of $18,137,390 for July 1940.
2 Revised.
3 Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act
of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed by the Work Projects Administration. Includes 6,023 wage earners and $682,614 pay roll for August 1940; 6,606 wage earners and
$681,795 pay roll for July 1940, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency
Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 49,781 wage earners and $5,565,863 payroll for August 1940; 66,769 wage earners and $6,744,740 pay roll for July 1940, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation
Act
of 1938.
4
Includes 1,173 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $181,105 for August 1940; 1,284 employees and
pay-roll disbursements of $168,404 for July 1940 on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
* Not in operation during July and August.




DETAILED TABLES FOR AUGUST 1940
Estimates of Nonagricultural Employment
THE estimates of "Total nonagricultural employment/' given on the
first line of table 3, represents the number of persons engaged in gainful work in the United States in nonagricultural industries, including
pioprietors and firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers,
and domestic workers. The series described as "Employees in
nonagricultural establishments" does not include proprietors, selfemployed persons, and domestic or casual workers. Neither set of
figures includes persons employed on W. P. A. or N. Y. A. projects or
enrollees in C. C. C. camps. The estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural establishments'7 are shown separately for each of seven
major industry groups. Tables giving figures for each group, by
months, for the period from January 1929 to date are available on
request.
The figures represent the number of persons working at any time
during the week ending nearest the middle of each month. The totals
for the United States have been adjusted to conform to the figures
shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations for the number of nonagricultural "gainful workers" less the number shown to have been
unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. Separate
estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" are
shown in table 4 for each of the 48 States and the District of Columbia
for July and August 1940 and August 1939. Tables showing monthly
figures for each State from January 1938 to date are available on
request. The State figures do not include the armed forces of the
United States nor employees on merchant vessels. Certain adjustments
have been made in the United States estimates which cannot be made
on a State basis, and for this reason the total of the State estimates will
not agree exactly with the United States figures even if allowance is
made for military, naval, and maritime employment. These estimates are based in large part on industrial censuses and on regular
reports of employers to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
and to other Government agencies, such as the Interstate Commerce
Commission. Data derived from employers' quarterly reports in
connection with "old age and survivors' insurance," and employers'
monthly reports in connection with unemployment compensation
have been used extensively as a check on estimates derived from other
sources, and in some industries they have provided the most reliable
information available.




TABLE 3.—Estimates of Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups
[In thousands]
Change
August
1940 JJuly
1940 (pre(pre- July 1940
194(f
^^lt to
August
liminary)
1940

Industrial group
Total nonagricultural employment1
..
Employees in nonagricultural establishments 2
Manufacturing
.
Mining
_
. __
..
Construction
Transportation and public utilities. _ _.
Trade
.
Finance, service, and miscellaneous
Federal, State, and local government, including
armed forces

35,991
29, 848
9,866

35, 553
29, 413
9,544

1,420
3,035
6,074
4,220

1,379
3,018
6,078
4,213

4,388

4,344

845

837

+438
+435
+322
+8

AAugust
l

ww
1939

Change
August

1939 t o

August
1940

+7

1,415
2, 946
5,988
4,169

+1,135
+ 1,138
+606
+38
+5
+89
+86
+51

+44

4,125

+263

+41
+17
-4

34, 856
28, 710
9,260
807

1
2

Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic workers.
Does not include proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic
workers.
TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by States
[Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed
forces of the United States, and employees on merchant ve * '
[In thousands]

Geographic division and State

New England
Maine
_
Now Hampshire

Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut

Middle Atlantic

New York _.
New Jersey

_

Pennsylvania
_ _ __ ._
East North Central
Ohio
_ __
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan

Wisconsin

._

West North Central

Minnesota . _ . . __
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas _ ..
_
South Atlantic
..
..
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia
VirginiaWest Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
___
East South Central.
Kentucky
Tennessee
_
Alabama.
Mississippi
West South C entral

.
_____

Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas...
* Less than 0.1 percent




--

Change, July to
August
August 1940
1940 (pre- July 1940
liminary)
Number Percentage

+31

+1.3
+.5
+1.0
+.2

2,514
194

2,483
193

132

131

79
1,304
228
577
7,697
3,842
1,193
2,662
6,712
1,754

79
1,289
224
567
7,594
3,799
1,163
2,632
6,599
1,730

0
+15
+4
+10
+103
+43
+30
+30
+113

2,204
1,273
639
2,338
528

+30
+39

+1.7
+1.4
+3.0
+1.4
+3.1

+2
+4

0)
+.3
+1.0

776

2,234
1,312
636
2,336
530
400
751
79
84
201

291
3,417

753

396
755
80
84
203

292
3,345

72

69

511
342

504
335

481
370
586
274
456
325

478
368
552
273
451
315

1,354

1,327

357
455
358

356
440
353

184
1,787

178
1,781

175
362
290
960

171
361
289
960

+1
+1

+24
+23
-3
-2
-4

i

0
-2

+1.2
+1.8
+1.7
+1.4
+1.1
+2.6
+1.1

-.6

-.5
-.2

+.3
-.8

-1

-.1

+72
+3
+7
+7
+3
+2
+34
+1
+5
+10
+27
+1
+15
+5
+6
+6
+4
+1
+1

+2.2
+4.7
+1.3
+2.0
+.7
+.6
+6.1
+.6
+1.0
+3.2
+2.0
+.2
+3.4
+1.4
+3.1
+.3
+2.1
0)
+.3
+.1

0

August
1939

Change, August
1939 to August 1940

Number Percentage

2,429
198

+85

+3.5

130

+2
+5
+27
+9
+46
+319
+69
+98
+ 152
+369

+1.2
+6.8
+2.1
+4.2
+8.6
+4.3
+1.8
+8.9
+6.1
+5.8
+5.2
+6.1
+5.2
+9.4
+2.3

74
1,277
219
531
7,378
3,773
1,095
2,510
6,343
1,667
731

2,125
1,199
621
2,331
527
403
751
78
83
201

288
3.293
66

474
319
470
355
590
270
442
307

1,301
351
425
341

184
1,790
178
363
293
956

-4

+87
+45

+109
+ 113
+15
+5
+3
-3
0

+1
+1
0
+3
+124
+6
+37
+23
+11
+15
-4
+4
+14
+18
+53
+6

+30
+17
0
-3
-3
-1
-3

+4

-2.0

+.2
+.4

>7

0)
+2.3
+1.3
+.1
+1.1
+3.7
+9.2
+7.7
+7.3
+2.2
+4.0
-.6
+1.7
+3.0
+5.8
+4.0
+1.6
+7.1
+5.0
-.2

c

-1.4

-.5
-1.1

+.5

TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments,
by States—Continued
[In thousands]

August
Geographic division and State 1940 (pre- July 1940
liminary)

Change, July to
August 1940
Number

Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming... _
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific
WashingtonOregon
California---

Change, August
1939 to August 1940
August
1939

779
115
86
54
226
68
85
113
32

776
114
85
54
223
69
86
113
32

+3
+1
+1

2,451
430
240
1,781

2,383
423
234
1,726

+68
+7
+6
+55

0

+3
—1
-1
0
0

Percent-

+0.4
+.9
+1.4
+1.2
+.9

Number

+.2

757
112
83
54
217
69
83
108
31

+2.8
+1.6
+2.3
+3.2

2,377
419
233
1,725

-1.2
-.5
-.4

+22
+3
+3
0
+9
i

+2
+5
+1
+74
+11
+7
+56

Pe r nt
o fQ "

+2.9
+2.9
+3.2
+.6
+3.7
-1.5
+2.6
+4.7
+4.0
+3.1
+2.6
+2.9
+3.2

Industrial and Business Employment
Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for 90
manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including
private building construction; water transportation; and class I steam
railroads. The reports for the first 2 of these groups—manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics. The figures on water transportation are based on
estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission and those on class I
steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission.
They are presented in the foregoing summary.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are based on the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100 and are adjusted to 1937 census data.
They relate to wage earners only and are computed from reports supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 90 manufacturing industries. These reports cover more than 55 percent of the
total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and
more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries included
in the monthly survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries, and
dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for public
utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation
officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum production they cover wage earners and
clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting samples for the
various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from approximately 25
percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing and cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for quarrying and nonmetallic
mining, anthracite mining, and public utilities.




10
The indexes for retail trade have been adjusted to conform in general with the 1935 census of retail distribution and are weighted by
lines of trade. For the public utilities they have been adjusted to the
1937 census of electrical industries, for wholesale trade to the 1933
census, and for coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing
and cleaning to the 1935 censuses.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls
for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
The average weekly earnings shown in tables 5 and 6 are computed
by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments
by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As
not all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours
worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on
data furnished by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size and
composition of the reporting sample vary slightly from month to
month. Therefore, the average hours per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to be
sufficiently adequate in virtualfy all instances to indicate the general
movement of earnings and hours over the period shown. The changes
from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are based on
identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from August
1939 are computed from chain indexes based on the month-to-month
percentage changes.
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE HOURS, AND
AVERAGE EARNINGS

The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in August
1940 are shown in table 5. Percentage changes from July 1940 and
August 1939 are also given.
The employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours
worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for June, July, and August 1940, where available, are presented
in table 6. The June and July figures, where given, may differ in some
instances from those previously published because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late reports.
In table 7, indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all
manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from August 1939 to August
1940, inclusive. The accompanying chart indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to August 1940.




EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
INDEX

!20

100

1923-25=100

4L

120

M
r
F —\
\

/V

ft/

j
80

INDEX

L

E:MPL OYME:NT

A

II
i

PAY ROLI_s

60

>

71

Kr

LY

-f

w

100

80

60

1

J

40

20

^

40

If

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

UNITED STATES BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS




1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

on
"~

ADJUSTED TO 1937 CENSUS

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, August 1940
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. New series—adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures for all industries except automobiles, and not comparable to indexes
published in the July 1939 and earlier issues of the pamphlet. Comparable series available upon request.]
Employment
Industry

All manufacturing-.
Durable goods
Nondurable goods..
Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling millsBolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
_.
C ast-iron pipe
1
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
_Structural and ornamental metal work
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework
- - _




Index
August
1940

Average weekly
earnings1

Pay rolls

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

July
1940

July
1940

August

$26.10

103.6
99.5
107.6

Index
August
August 1940
1939

August
1940

1939

+7.6
+18.6
-.5

103.8
105.0
102.5

+9T

+5.6

+15.7
+28.8
+3.5

29.98
22.10

Percentage
change from—
July
1940

August

Average hours worked
per week 1

August
1940

1939

Percentage
change from—
July
1940

August
1939

+3.2
+4.9
+1.6

+0.9
+3.8

38.8
38.1
41.5
37.8

+3.3
+5.0
+1.4

+7.6
+8.7
+4.0

39.8
37.2

38.4

Average hourly
earnings *

August
1940

Percentage
change from—
July
1940

Cents
66.7

-1.8

72.8
61.3

+0.2<

+4.2
+4.5
+17.3

+4.5
+6.7
+9.7
+1.8

77.7
85.0
70.0
59.9

+00

+1.7
+6.0

62.3
79.3
70.1
69.7
65.7

August
1939

+5.4
+4.2
+5.1

+2.7
+.6
+2.0
+3.7

110.7
122.1
114.9
80.2

+4.2
+2.5
+5.3
+2.5

+19.9
+25.9
+18.5
+6.4

113.5
124.8
138.7
76.3

+8.8
+7.4
+24.2
+1.9

+29.0
+34.7
+33.4
+12.5

30.24
32.25
29.02
22.72

+4.4
+4.7
+18.0
-.7

+7.6
+7.0
+11.5
+5.6

101.6
72.7
96.4
86.7
163.7

+2.9
+7.3
+16.3
+2.9
+7.4

+10.3
+30.8
+27.4
+11.5
+7.3

+17.6
+45.1
+33. 8
+12.3
+16.2

24.00
31.97
27.36
26.97
26.43

+.2
+3.5
+7.5
+4.7
+1.9

+6.5
+10.9
+5.1
+.7
+8.2

40.6
39.2
38.7
39.9

+.7
+2.9
+5.1
+4.9
+3.2

89.7
97.7
79.9
108.1

+6.5
+6.4
+5.1
+2.1

+14.5
+8.3
+11.8
+.7

93 5 +3.1
8a 2 +11.0
107.2 +25.0
+7.6
79.9
+9.4
181.7
+8.4
84.6
89.1
+9.7
72.9
+7.9
121.9
+7.5

+24.7
+14.7
+14.0
+6.1

28.80
26.10
29. 51
25.61

+1.8
+3.1
+2.6
+5.3

+8.9
+5.9
+2.1
+5.4

40.3
38.6
40.1
40.4

+1.2
+2.8
+2.8
+3.3

+6.3
+2.7
+.3
2

+( )

71.6
67.8
73.6
63.9

-.2

+1.8

+2.7
+3.1
+1.8
+5.4

95.6
146.2

+1.7
+7.3

+14.5
+25.9

95.6
163.4

+4.3 +20.5
+16.1 +41.5

25.22
28.07

+2.5
+8.1

+5.3
+12.4

39.8
39.6

+2.3
+6.7

+3.0
+6.8

63.4
71.0

+.4
+1.4

+2.2
+5.2

-.3

+.1

-2.2

+2.1

+.1
+.7
-.5
-.1

+.4
+2.2
-.3
-1.4

+.6
+.2

+4.2
+4.7
+4.8
+3.0
+6.4

Machinery, not including transportation equipment-..-—...--—___,._-___--_-__-.__
Agricultural implements (including tractors)..
I
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculatl
ing machines....
*
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills.
5
Foundry and machine-shop products.
Machine tools
__.
Radios and phonographs
5
Textile machinery and parts
___
Typewriters and parts...

119.2
131.2
128.7
106.6
175.2
100.5
237.5
157.1
76.4
118.0

102.6
Transportation equipment.
_
Aircraft
2,890.9
Automobiles
.,
86.4
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
50.7
Locomotives
__ _
33.0
Shipbuilding
.
181.0
113.8
Nonferrous metals and their products..
Aluminum manufactures
189.2
Brass, bronze, and copper products
138.4
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices. 95.2
Jewelry..
,.
99.3
Lighting equipment
_
87.7
Silverware and plated ware
68.8
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc - 91.4
71.3
Lumber and allied products
Furniture
_
91.1
Lumber:
64.3
Millwork
Sawmills
64.9

Stone, clay, and glass products.
__
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery
.___

84.5
64.4
74.5
106. 9
48.6
90.9

+2.7
+.5
-.7

+2.8
+4.6
+2.6
+1.1
+9.6
-.8
+3.2
+5.2
+6.9
+5.0
+.3
+6.2
+6.4
+6.5
+4.5
+6.7
+5.8
+6.5
+14.2
+9.1
+2.7
+4.5
+3.9
+2.8
+5.5
+2.5
+.4
+3.5
+3.5
+2/2
+4.1

+4.2
+2.1
+.2
+4.8
+6.8
+5.2
-1.6
+8.2
+.1
+7.3
+17.3
+14.4
+21.1
+9.6
+4.8
+9.4
+ 10.6
+15.7
+10.0
+11.3
+9.4
+18.8
+18.1
+2.3
+12.5
+10.2
+7.7
+15.5
+7.9
76.7
53.6
+3.4
72.6
+6.1
116.0 +10.2
36.6
+7.1
79.8 +12. 5

+23.1 131.0
+14.7 152.0
+3.3 135.9
+21.4 123.7
+81.0 238.9
+19.5 101.2
+69.4 302.9
+15.6 149.8
73.5
-1.6
+.1 125.4
+36.4 113.1
+104. 5 3,014. 2
97.5
+22.7
46.8
+59.2
32.8
+13.4
+49.0 211.5
+20.2 117.0
+22.8 224.5
+28.4 160.8
+15.1 101.4
82.9
+5.4
76.5
+20.3
2
60.5
+( )
88.8
+22.5
+3.8
68.3
81.8
+4.1
52.5
+4.7
62.2
+3.6

III
+2.6
+8.5
-8.7
+7.4

+35.2
+22.5
+13.8
+32.4
+110. 6
+29.1
+88.3
+22.0
-1.5
+7.6
+44.4
+118.3
+30.0
+72.0
+20.8
+64.9
+31.9
+37.6
+45.5
+19.2
+7.9
+31.2
+2.2
+25.4
+8.6
+8.3
+6.2
+9.6
+7.1
+6.9
+4.0
+13.1
-9.8
+7.6

27.17

-.4

20.81
21.49

24.81
21.34
27.94
26.56
26. 53
22.17

+7.6
+6.0
+4.8
+9.8
+5.2
+3.0
+2.6
+6.4
+4.7
+8.0

+9.8
+7.0
+10.2
+9.0
+16.3
+8.0
+11.2
+5.5
0
+7.5
+5.9
+6.8
+5.9
+8.1
+6.5
+10.7
+9.7
+12.0
+13.3
+3.7
+2.3
+9.2
+2.1
+2.3
+4.6
+3.9
+1.4
+5.5
+2.5
+2.6
+1.4
+4.3
-1.1
+.1

17.64
17.15
22. 78
14.67
18.36
20.53
26.17

+6.6
+3.1
+7.9
+1,5
+1.2
+2.4
+1.6

+2.6
+3.8
-2.0
+5.5
+1.2
-.9
+6.9

30.67
30.87
33.11
30.92
35.85
30.12
35.48
23.49
26.30
26.04

+1.5
+1.6
+1.0
+1.9
+2.0
+2.5
-2.7
-1.3

+1.0
+4.0
35.31 +11. 4
32.60
+7.0
37.05 +15.4
28.94
+9.3
30.47
-1.3
34.86
+2.8
28.18
+3.8
28.91 +10.7
31.42
+3.1
23.67
+5.2
23.32
+2.7
27.17
+4.0
25.33
+8.3

22.61
19.79

41.2
38.6
40.2
40.7
44.2
41.0
46.7
38.5
39.6
39.7
39.9
44.6
38.8
38.4
39.0
40.3
40.1
40.1
41.4
39.6
39.5
39.1
38.9
38.2

+1.6
+.8
+.9
+1.9
+1.3
+2.5
-1.7

+5.5
+3.6
+9.1
+4.7
+10.4
+5.6
+9.4

+.9
+3.2
+10.2
+6.3
+14.0
+9.2
-.6
+2.2
+3.7
+10.1
+2.5
+5.2
+2.9
+3.7
+7.6

+5.5
+5.6
+5.8
+2.8
+6.1
+3.5
+5.9
+3.5
+4.1
+4.8
+1.2
~(2)
+5.7
+1.0

-.1

-1.5
-1.2

74.5
80.1
82.7
76.5
81.0
73.3
76.0
61.1
66.9
65.6
89.7
74.7
95.5
75.5
78.2
86.7

_(3)

+.8
+.1
-.1

+.8
+.1

-1.1
-1.3

+.1
+.7
+1.0
+1.2
+1.2
+.1
-.7
+.5
+.4
+.6
+.7
+.3
-.1
+.3
+.8

+.3

70.3
72.0
76.2
59.7
58.0
69.4
64.8
71.2

+1.5
+.2

51.7
54.8

-.5
-.7

-2.0

55.0
49.3

+.3

37.0
38.1
38.8
35.9
36.4
36.0

+8.5
+7.0
+4.6
+10.3
+4.1
+2.6
+2.4
+6.3
+5.1
+4.1

66.8
55.6
71.6
74.3
73.6
64.2

+.4

34.9
35.7
33.8
35.5
37.1
37.1
36.6

+3.6
+3.0
+6.4
+2.2
+.1
+2.4
+1.9

-3.7
-2.8
-5.4
-2.8
-4.1
-3.8

40.1
39.5
41.6
40.1

-.1

+2.9
-1.1
-1.2

+.1
+.7

-3.6
-5.0

-.4

-.5

tl
+.1
-.1

+1.0

+3.1
+3.0
+1.2
+3.9
+4.9
+2.0
+1.7
+7.4
+1.4
+2.0
+1.5
+1.9
+2.9
+1.9
+2.9
+4.7
+5.9
+7.4
+8.1
+2.0
+2.2
+3.3
+1.3
+2.0
+2.9
+3.5
+3.3
+2.5
+3.4
+3.8
+1.3
+3.6
+2.8
+4.0

Nondurable goods

+5.6
Textiles and their products,.
„
99.8
Fabrics
90.4
+2.7
Carpets and rugs
__ 71.4
+.8
""
Cotton goods:—:"::::::::::r:rr::vr::.-r: —-88-.-T- +.8Cotton small wares
..- 76.7 +3.7
+4.6
Dyeing and finishing textiles
121.5
Hats,, fur-felt.,. __.,._
_ . . . . . . . . . , „ . _ - . , . 86.5 +4.3
See footnotes at end of table.




-3.3
-2.8
-5.6

+1.6
-5.2
-.6

-7.7

87.4 +12.5
80.9 : •' +5.958.7
+8.8
80.0
+2.3
72.6
+4.9
101.8
+7.283.1
+6.0

-.8

+.9

-7.5

+7.1
-4.0
-1.5
-1.2

+7.3

51.2
48.6
67.4
41.0
49.5
54.6
74.5

+1.9
+.1
+1.4
-.5
+1.0
+.1
-.7

+5.9
+6.4
+3.6
+8.2
+5.7
+2.7
+5.8

CO

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, August

1940—Continued

MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employment

Industry

Index
August
1940

]Pay

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

July
1940

July
1940

August
1939

-4.3
-2.4
-5.7
-3.7
-11.1
-6.3
-2.4

144.2
59.9
65.5
129.4
51.4
77.9
94.8
82.0
129.1
108.4
113.9
64.7
102.1

+11.4
+11.3
+4.0
+10.5
+10.3
+5.5
+25.4
+6.9
+45.0
+8.7
+16.7
+77.1
+16.4

-10.7
-6.2
-3.7
+11.0
-7.1
+8.9
-3.6
-5.0
-2.9
-3.4
-5.1
-3.2

-8.6
-9.2
-6.0

77.1
75.1
77.0

+.9
+.7

-8.9
-9.4
-7.4

-.7
-.2
+1.3

139.2
140.1
357.1
89.4
250.6
77.1
76.4
78.0
112.3
87.5
85.4

+5.9
-1.4
+1.2
-.6
+70.9
+11.3

+3.0
+3.5
+2.0
+3.1

+.8
-.1

-.5
+5.2
+6.2
+2.2
+5.8

Index
August
August
1940
1939

Average hours worked
per week

Average weekly
earnings

rolls

August
1940

Percentage
change from—
July
1940

August
1939

August
1940

Percentage
change from—

Average hourly
earnings

August
1940

Percentage
change from—

July
1940

August
1939

+6.9
+2.9
+1.4
+2.1
+7.1

-6.4
—3. 6
-5.7

+5.1
+2.2
+7.1
-1.9
+6.8
+19.1
+4.'9

-5.4
-5.2
-5.5
-5.5
-3.5
-3.6
-7.4

Cents
55.4
47.6
43.6
49.4
45.5
56.5
55.8
60.1
57.1
48.7
43.1
67.4
41.9

(2)

-6.1
-6.7
-4.0

55.4
53.4
64.4

+.1
+.3

+5.9
+6.9
+2.4

—. 8
+1.1
-1.1
+1.2
-.4
-3.4
-.8
-.9
-1.3
-4.2
+2.0

61.5
64.3
88.4
48.2
3 46.5
51.8
61.4
63.5
69.1
67.3
65.6

-1.4

+3.9
+3.0
+2.0
+2.1
+6.3
+1.9
+1.8
+2.3

July
1940

August
1939

0-.1
+.9

+6.8
+7.3
+8.2
+4.8
+7.5
+7.4
+5.0
+2.6
+6.0
+6.2
+9.9
+3.9
+9.7

Nondurable goods—Continued
Textiles and their products—Continued.
Fabrics—Continued
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
__
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars
leather and its manufactures.."
Boots and shoes
Leather..
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet..
Sugar refining, cane




136.2
70.3
73.1
147.5
63.0
86.9
116.8
107.5
164.3
109.7
1J6. 6
73.3
117.1

+3.8
+6.3
+.9
+8.2
+4.1
+4.4
+11.3
+4.2
+19.7
+7.1
+6.3
+34.4
+5.9

92.0
91.1
80.3

+.4
+.4
+.3
+7.7

146.0
146.6
299.1
103.2
264.8
79.8
79.6
91.1
106.8
89.2
98.3

-.4
-.4
-1.3
+47. 2
+8.4
-.6

-1.1
-3.8
+54.7
-2.7

-10.7
-10.0
-5.2
+5.1
-12.9

+.8

+.3

-8.2
+1.6
-.4
+1.9
+6.7
+1.0
-.3

+1.3

-4.5
+57.9
-6.6

-.4

-.2

+.5

+7.3
+4.7
+3.0
+2.1
+5.9
+1.1
+12.6
+2.6
+21.2
+1.5
+9.8
+31.8
+9.9
19.90
+.5
IS. 97
+.3
23.96
+1.1
-1.8
24.17
26.40
-1.0
34.99
+1.6
23.10
+.8
18.14 +15.6
19.01
+2.6
25.92
+1.3
29.97
+1.0

$18.73
17.88
15.24
19.73
16.77
20.60
18.95
19.72
20.93
16.38
15.10
26.14
13.96

27.57
25.40
24.44

+2il
-4.0

-.3
+4.3
+1.8
+5.7
+6.9
+8.3

+.9
-2.5
+3.0
+.4
+6.9
+3.3
+2.0
o

-'.3
-1.6
+3.7
+3.9
+.7
+2.7
+8.4
-1.12
+3.1
-.5

+1.1
+6.1

33.8
37.0
35.0
39.7
36.8
36.5
33.5
32.8
34.0
33.7
33.8
34.7
33.6
35.8
35.4
37.3
40.4
41.2
40.1
47.7
39.6
36.7
42.0
46.6
39.8
38.4
37.3

+.7

+L5
+1.2
-1.1

+1.5
+.5
+9.5
+2.7
+.3
+1.2
-1.1
+7.0
-5.2

+.8
-.7
+.3

+.6
+.2
-.9
+.4

+4.4

+.1

+9.7
+3.3
+3.3
+4.0
+2.8

-.3

+.1
+.3

+1.0
+6.4
-.2
+1.0
-.1

+.3

-6.3
+1.3

+.9

+6,3
+4.1

Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals
Chemical, petroleum, and coal products.
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Rubber products
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other
See footnotes at end of table.




_„

.

64.4 +3.2 -3.8
55.4 - 1 . 3
-8.8
65.5 +3.6 -2.7
115.2
+.4 +3.9
117.5 +1.4 +2.9
-.1
116.9
+9.2
99.7
+.7 +1.4
113.8
+.3 +1.6
119.4
+.8 +9.3
o
122.7
+(2)
118.6 +1.0 +12.0
141.6
+.8 +18.9
52.4 +15.5 -7.7
114.6
+.8 +4.3
139.9 +5.4 +50.1
81.1 +1.7Q +9.8
123.5
+1.1
307.7
+'.2 +20.6
83.6 +2.8 -2.7
85.8 +2.8 +3.9
54.7 +2.1 -6.5
70.5 +1.7 +3.3
143.3 +4.0 +7.8

62.3
64.7
61.9
110.9
130.7
124.8
85.9
105.4
134.8
137.4
134.0
171.0
48.5
127.4
172.1
70.7
132.1
318.0
101.8
87.8
57.2
76.3
141.9

0

-2.8

+.3

-.6

-4.0
-.4

-.3
+6.9
+2.4 +4.9
-1.2 +15.9
-1.0 +2.9
+.1 +3.2
+1.0 +13.3
+.6 +1.1
+1.2 +17.8
+1.2 +25.5
+11.8 +2.3
+2.1 +5.1
+3.2 +57.7
+1.5 +12.8
o
+5.2
+ l ' l +29.0
-.5
+1.9
+3.1 +1.7
+12.9 - 2 . 0
-3.3
-1.4
+7.6 +11.7

17.79
18.86
17.57
28.73
22.10
26.14
30.07
37.66

-3.1
-1.6
-3.1

-.6

+1.0
-1.1
-1.6
-.2

30.16
34.94
28.34
32.18
14.67
25.13
33.70
16.14
29.28
26.53
28.68

+.3
+.8
+.2
+.4
-3.2
+1.2
-2.1
+.1
+.7
+.8

27.98
24.12
31.64
24.10

+.3
+10.6
-3.1
+3.4

o

+2.8
+5.3
+2.3
+3.0
+1.9
+6.0
+1.5
+1.5
+3.6
+1.2
+5.1
+4.5
+10.8
+.7
+5.1
+1.1
+3.0
+6.9
+3.1
-2.1
+4.8
-6.2
+3.5

36.1

34.6
36.2
38.2
39.4
40.4
37.9
35.7
38.7
35.8
39.8
40.3
41.8
39.5
40.6
34.6
40.6
39.4
40.3
36.3
38.4
33.0
39.3

-2.0
-2.5
-1.9
-.5

+1.3
-1.1
-1.5
+.3
+.5
+1.3
+.3
+.4
-1.0
-1.3
-.9
-2.1

+.6
+1.4
-.3

+1.5
+8.0
-2.4
+3.4

-1.8
-1.1
-1.9
_(3)

-1.0
+.4
-.3

+1.3
+1.1
0

+1.1
+1.2
+.8
-1.7
+1.2
-1.9
+1.0
+2.6
+1.4
-2.5
+3.3
-6.9
+.3

49.2
54.7
48.6
78.9
56.4
65.0
80.8
103.1
77.8
97.7
70.7
80.6
33.5
61.5
82.8
46.6
72.0
67.2
71.2
77.9
62.5
96.0
62.2

-1.1
+.8
-1.3
-.2
-.4

+.2
-.6
-.2
-.4
A

-.2

+.1
+.9

-1.1

-1.3
+2.2
—\
-'.6

+( 2 )

IT

+2.4
-1.1
-.1

+4.9
+6.8
+4.8
+3.3
+2.9
+5.4
+1.9
+2.9
+2.7
+1.1
+5.0
+4.4
+10.7
+3.5
+3.8
+4.7
+1.8
+4.3
+1.6
+1.0
+1.6
+.5
+3.0

TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, August 1940—Continued
NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Employment

Industry

Coal mining: 4
Anthracite 4
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 8866
Electric light and power _6fl7
Street railways and busses _
Trade:
Wholesale 5 8
Retail 5 e6
Food
General merchandising * 6 ..
Apparel 6 8
Furniture 6
.._...
Automotive
Lumber6 4 .
.
...
Hotels (year-round)
«i°_ _.
Laundries 4
.
Dyeing and8 cleaning 4
Brokerage 5
Insurance _
Building construction




Index
August
1940

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

July
1940

July
1940

August
1939

-9.3
+10.8
+8.5
+3.5

-2.1
+11.6
+30. 4
+4.9
-4.8

$21.63
25.37
30.10
23.03
34.11

+4.6
+5.3
+.6
+3.3
+4.2
+3.8
+3.2
+2.2

31.47
35. 29
33.77

Index
August
August 1940
1939

50.3
86.6
71.5
48.8
63.4

-1.0
+2.0
+.7
+1.4

+3.9
+6.5
+18.3
+1.4
-4.9

33.1
83.3
69.1
45.0
59.1

78.6
92.9
68.4

-.2

+.7

+2.7
+2.6
-1.1

100.8
107.6
70.3

+1.1
+2.4
+1.4
+3.0
+1.1
-3.0
+6.2
+1.7
+.9
+3.7
+3.1
-1.3
+1.8
+15.6

78.7
81.3
95.9
81.1
68.3
66.1
79.8
72.4
80.9
90.6
78.0
9

90.0
88.4
102.9
88.9
72.9
74.8
86.1
75.6
90.6
102.8
105.9
9
()
(9)
(9)

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

-.5

+.9
-.8
-.7

-1.6
-2.9
-1.3
-.8
0

+.3
+.3
-2.1
-2.7
+.2
+5.2

()
(9)
(9)

-.1

-.5

+1.7
+.4
+.5
-1.6
-.1

-3.5
-3.5
-1.0
-3.0
+.7
+.4
+.7
-2.4
-5.4
-.3

+6.7

-.5

+10.8
+4.0
+2.1
+5.4
+6.9
-4.5
+3.4
+20.0

August
1940

30.25
21.54
23.96
17.94
21.91
27.18
27.87
26.83
15.44
18.02
20.05
35.35
36.26
32.47

Percentage
change from—
July
1940
-8.5
+8.6
+7.7
+2.0
+.4

Average hours worked
per weels

August
1940

August
1939

-5.8
+4.8
+10.2
+3.5
+.2
-.3
+1.9
+1.0
+2.7
+.4
+1.8
+2.2
-.4
Q
+1.8
+. 5 +2.4
-1.9
+.1
-.6
+1.2
+.3
+2.7
-2.2
+4.4
+.7
+2.2
+.1
+1.3
+.3
+1.7
-.4
+3.6
-2.7
-3.2
-.5
+1.6
+1.4
+3.7

Percentage
change from—
July
1940
-8.5
+7.6
+6.7
+2.6
+.6

+1.1
+4.8
+3.9
—.1
-1.5

39.5
40.4
46.1

+.1
+2.1
+.7
+.6

+1.2
+.8
-1.8

— (2)
-1.2
+.5
+.7

8
8

()
(9)

34.1

August
1940

-.5

August
1939

Cents
91.8
88.1
73.1
56.6
87.2

-0.1
+.2
+.9

80.1
87.3
72.3

-1.6

-1.2
+.8
+6.2
+4.1
+1.6
+1.0
+1.0
+1.5
+3.7

+ 2

§

+.1
+.4

+2.7

73.2
54.5
52.9
47.4
55.2
69.0
59.3
63.0
33.0
42.2
48.4

(9)
+.8

(9)
+1.8

P>95.6

-.2

-.1
-.2

Percentage
change from—
July
1940

August
1939

24.2
28.7
41.4
40.7
38.4

41.3
43.0
43.9
38.0
39.0
44.0
47.1
42.8
46.6
43.0
42.7
9

Average hourly
earnings

-.4
-.2
-.4
-.1

-1.0
-.7

+.1
-.4

-1.1
-1.4
-2.1
+.4
+. 1
-'.5
(9)

+.6

(9)

i((99))

+2.4
+1.8
+.9

(9)
+1.9

1
Revised series. Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1938, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to September 1939, inclusive, available on request.
Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller
number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish
man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of
changes
in the size and composition of the reporting sample.
2
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
3
Average hourly earnings not comparable with previously published averages because
of 4expansion in reporting sample.
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in 6January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now




exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly
supervisory.
6
Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census.
Not comparable to indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior
to January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940. Comparable series
for7 earlier months available upon request.
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly ''electric-railroad and motorbus op'eration and maintenance."
8
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent
issues
of this pamphlet.
9
Not available.
10
Cash payments only; value of board, room, and tips not included.

TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100, and are adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures for all industries except automobiles. Not comparable to indexes published
in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request.]
Employment index
Industry-

All manufacturingDurable goods
Nondurable goods...
Durable goods

Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers'supplies
Stamped and enameled ware
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework
Machinery, not including transportation equipment.
Agricultural implements (including tractors) -.
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts




August
1940

July
1940

103.6

99.5

99.5
107.6

95.6
103.3

110.7
122.1
114.9
80.2

June
1940

Average weekly
earnings 1

Pay-roll index
August
1940

July
1940

June

August
1940

1910

Average hours worked
per week i

August

July

Cents
66.7

Cents
66.7

67.2

38.7
36.4

72.8
61.3

72.7
61.5

73.2
61.7

June
1940

August

July

OK
<CO

$25. 79

38.4

37.3

37.5

July
1940

1940

1940

Average hourly
earnings 1

June
1940

1940

1940

June
1940

103.8

96.5

97.9

!6.10

97.0
101.7

105.0
102.5

96. 1
87.1

100.0
95.6

29.98
22.10

28.52
21.87

29.48
21.81

37.2

37.9
36.7

106.2
119.0
109.1
78.2

103.7
114.3
104.2
76.8

113.5
124.8
138.7
76.3

104.3
116.2
111.6
74.9

102.8
113.9
111.3
70.0

30.24
32.25
29.02
22.72

30.75
24.60
22.97

29.30
31.53
25.79
21.80

38.8
38.1
41.5
37.8

37.2
36.4
35.4
37.9

37.6
37.1
37.3
35.9

77.7
85.0
70.0
59.9

77.7
84.9
69.5
60.3

77.4
84.9
69.1
60.5

101.6
72.7
96.4
86.7
163.7

67.8
82.9
84.3
152.4

101.2
66.0
81.6
82.9
152.7

93.5
86.2
107.2
79.9
181.7

90.6
77.6
85.7
74.2
166.1

91.6
74.1
85.8
73.0
162.6

24.00
31.97
27.36
26.97
26.43

23.81
30.90
25.45
25.63
25.93

23.63
30.48
25.85
25.70
25.34

38.8
40.6
39.2
38.7
39.9

38. 6
39.4
37.3
36.6
38.6

38.4
39.1
38.0
36.8
38.3

62.3
79.3
70.1
69.7
65.7

62.4
78.7
68.3
70.1
67.2

62.3
78.1
68.0
70.0
65.7

89.7
97.7
79.9
108.1

84.2
91.8
76.0
105.9

85.1
92.6
73.5
102.8

84.6
89.1
72.9
121.9

78.0
81.3
67.6
113.4

76.6
82.7
64.8
113.5

28.80
26.10
29.51
25.61

28.25
25.21
28.87
24.38

27.47
25.49
28.56
25.04

40.3
38.6
40.1
40.4

39.8
37.4
39.0
39.1

39.2
37.3

71.6
67.8
73.6
63.9

71.1
67.7
73.8
62.7

70.3
68.4
74.1
63.2

95.6
146.2

94.0
136.2

91.6
152.1

95.6
163.4

91.7
140.8

116.1
130.6

115.1
137.3

131.0
152.0

125.7
148.9

25.22
28:07
30.67
30.87

24.60
25.96

119.2
131.2

161.0
125.1
157.8

39.8
39.6
41.2

39.0
37.1
40.5
38.3

38.9
37.5
40.8
38.6

63.4
71.0
74.5
80.1

63.1
70.0
74.4
79.5

62.8
70.7
74.3
79.8

128.7
106.6

129.6
103.8

130.4
103.3

135.9
123.7

135. 6
118.1

138.0
118.3

33.11
30.92

32.92
30.14

24.42
26.48
30.41
30. 74
33.32
30.52

40.2
40.7

40.0
39.8

40.4
40.2

82.7
76.5

82.7
76.5

83.0
76.4

175.2
100.5
237.5
157.1
76.4
118.0

167.5
98.0
234.8
143.4
77.0
114.3

158.1
96.9
229.1
141.0
79.0
111.0

238.9
101.2
302.9
149.8
73.5
125.4

223.8
96.3
307.8
138.5
73.4
116.9

210.7
95.8
302.9
134.0
74.1
112.1

35.85
30.12
35.48
23.49
26.30
26.04

35.14
29. 34
36.45
23.90
26.13
25.05

35. 05
29.41
36.68
23.61
25.70
24.75

44.2
41.0
46.7
38.5
39.6
39.7

43.7
40.1
47.5
38.6
39.2
38.5

43.8
40.4
47.9
38.5
39.4
37.7

81.0
73.3
76.0
61.1
66.9
65.6

80.3
73.0
76.8
62.1
66.8
65.1

80.3
72.8
76.6
61.4
65.4
65.6

>J»
JO.

30.29
30.42

OO

102.6
Transportation equipment
113.1
96.4
118.8
112.3
97.5
, 890. 9 2, 703. 3 2,518.7 3,014. 2 2, 635. 4 2, 514.0
Aircraft
86.4
Automobiles
97.5
80.5
112.0
104.9
82.3
50.7
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad-.
46.8
42.7
45.3
51.2
50.6
33.0
Locomotives
32.8
31.3
28.5
29.1
31.1
181.0
Shipbuilding
211.5
193.4
185.8
162.8
170.1
105.8
113.8
117.0
105.8
106.6
106.9
ITonferrous metals and their products
189.2
Aluminum manufactures
224.5
194.1
204.3
181.1
176.5
138.4
Brass, bronze, and copper products
160.8
146.2
140.8
129.7
127.1
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices. 95.2
101.4
91.1
92.2
90.1
91.1
99.3
Jewelry
82.9
75.8
76.3
93.2
91.2
87.7
Lighting equipment
76.5
64.4
70.0
76.8
83.9
68.8
Silverware and plated ware
60.5
51.2
55.9
63.1
68.3
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. 91.4
88.8
86.8
85.7
89.0
87.2
63.6
71.3
68.3
60.7
68.2
68.3
Lumber and allied products..
Furniture
91.1
81.8
74.3
87.7
88.1
75.9
Lumber:
64.3
62.6
48.5
52.5
48.8
61.5
Millwork
64.9
Sawmills
62.2
53.9
61.9
61.5
58.1
82.4
73.4
84.5
76.7
71.1
82.9
Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
64.4
53.6
51.8
63.1
64.1
51.1
74.5
Cement
72.6
68.4
72.4
72.0
69.9
106.9
Glass...
116.0
105.2
104.9
103.3
111.0
48.6
Marble, granite, slate, and other products...
36.6
34.2
48.5
47.5
35.6
Pottery
90.9
79.8
71.0
89.5
87.3
75.8
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs
Cotton goods
Cotton small wares
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Hats, fur-felt
Hosiery
Knitted outerwear
Knitted underwear
Knitted cloth
Silk and rayon goods
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel
Clothing, men's
Clothing, women's
Corsets and allied garments.
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars

See footnotes at end of table.




35.31
32.60
37.05
28.94
30.47
34.86

31.88
30.48
32. 24
26.43
30.99
34.03

34.21
31.18
35.28
27.68
30.12
34.17

39.9
44.6
38.8
38.4
39.0
40.3

36.2
42.0
34.0
35.0
39.1
39.3

38.1
42.7
37.0
36.7
38.2
39.2

89.7
74.7
95.5
75.5
78.2
86.7

89.1
73.8
94.8
75.5
79.2
86.2

90.5
74.2
95.4
75.3
78.9
86.9

28.18
28.91
31.42
23.67
23.32
27.17
25.33
27.17

27.12
26.05
30.46
22.42
22.71
26.13
23.39
27.29

27.25
28.20
29.95
22.44
23.35
26.19
23.58
27.57

40.1
40.1
41.4
39.6
39.5
39.1
38.9
38.2

38.6
36.5
40.4
37.6
38.1
37.7
36.3
38.2

89.0
39.7
39.8
37.5
38.7
36.9
36.5
38.7

70.3
72.0
76.2
59.7
58.0
69.4
64.8
71.2

70.1
71.4
75.7
59.5
58.1
69.3
64.6
71.5

70.2
71.0
75.5
59.8
59.5
70.9
64.7
71.3

20.81
21.49

19.37
20.28

20.17
20.67

40.1
39.5

37.0
37.1

38.5
38.1

51.7
54.8

51.9
55.0

22.61
19.79

21.66
18.02

21.82
19.32

41.6
40.1

39.7
36.4

40.2
38.3

55.0
49.3

54.8
49.6

52.3
54.8
54.5
50.5

24.81
21.34
27.94
26.56
26.53
22.17

23.49
20.72
27. 12
24.91
25.33
20.53

24. 20
20.74
27.42
25.89
25.84
21.52

37.0
38.1
38.8
35.9
36.4
36.0

35.5
37.1
37.9
33.8
34.7
34.6

36.3
37.4
38.9
35.1
34.9
35.4

66.8
55.6
71.6
74.3
73.6
64.2

66.5
55.3
71.5
74.2
73.7
63.7

66.4
55.1
70.4
74.0
74.4
64.0

90.4
71.4
88.7
76.7
121.5
86.5
136.2
70.3
73.1
147.5
63.0

94.5
88.0
70.8
88.0
74.0
116.1
82.9
131.2
66.1
72.4
136.3
60.5
83.3

93.7
85.7
70.2
86.9
73.8
115.7
71.2
130.2
63.1
72.8
128.0
59.7
75.7

87.4
80.9
58.7
80.0
72.6
101.8
83.1
144.2
59.9
65.5
129.4
51.4
77.9

77.7
76.4
54.0
78.2
69.2
95.0
78.4
129.5
53.8
63.0
117.1
46.6
73.8

75.4
.72.5
54.6
74.7
66.8
93.0
57.5
127.9
50.6
63.6
107.2
45.6
65.4

17.64
17.15
22.78
14.67
18.36
20.53
26.17
18.73
17.88
15.24
19.73
16.77
20.60

16.85
16.71
21.11
14.43
18.12
20.05
25.84
17.60
17.07
14.63
19.34
15.82
20.44

16.43
16.24
21.55
13.92
17.54
19.67
22.08
17.52
16.99
14.68
18.76
15.78
19.87

34.9
35.7
33.8
35. 5
37.1
37.1
36.6
33.8
37.0
35.0
39.7
36.8
36.5

33.8
34.8
31.7
34.9
37.0
36.4
35.9
31.8
35.9
34.3
39.0
34.3
36.4

33.5
34.1
32.4
34.0
36.3
35.5
31.6
32.2
35.8
34.4
37.0
34.2
35.3

51.2
48.6
67.4
41.0
49.5
54.6
74.5
55.4
47.6
43.6
49.4
45.5
56.5

50.2
48.6
66.5
41.2
49.0
54.6
75.0
55.8
47.2
43.4
49.3
45.8
56.3

49.6
48.4
66.6
41.0
48.7
54.9
72.4
55.3
47.1
43.0
50.0
45.8
56.3

116.8
107.5
164.3
109.7
116.6
73.3
117.1

104.9
103. 2
137.3
102.5
109.8
54.5
110.6

107.9
98.6
148.1
111.9
109.7
65.7
115.1

94.8
82.0
129.1
108.4
113.9
64.7
102.1

75.6
76.7
89.0
99.7
97.7
36.5
87.8

76.6
71.1
95.1
109.2
94.9
47.1
92.0

18.95
19.72
20.93
16.38
15.10
26.14
13.96

17.26
19.29
17.27
16.11
13.75
19.84
12.71

16.96
18.69
17.22
16.16
13.36
21.08
12.84

33.5
32.8
34.0
33.7
33.8
34.7
33.6

31.9
32.2
31.6
34.2
31.7
29.2
32.0

32.5
32.3
32.7
34.0
31.9
31.6
32.1

55.8
60.1
57.1
48.7
43.1
67.4
41.9

53.4
59.8
52.0
47.2
41.8
64.8
40.9

51.8
58.1
49.6
46.6
41.1
68.5
40.7

CO

TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employment index

Average weekly
earnings 1

Pay-roll index

Average hoursl worked
per week

Average hourly
earnings l

Industry
August
1940

July
1940

June
1940

August
1940

July
1940

June
1940

August
1940

July
1940

June
1940

August
1940

July
1940

June
1940

Nondurable goods—Continued

August

July
1940

June

1940

1940

92.0
91.1
80.3

91.6
90.7
80.1

86.8
84.8
80.1

77.1
75.1
77.0

76.4
74.6
76.0

67.0
62.7
75.7

$19. 90
18.97
23.96

819. 80
18.92
23.69

$18.17
17.00
23.56

35.8
35.4
37.3

35.9
35.7
36.7

33.2
32.3
36.9

Cents
55.4
53.4
64.4

Cents
55.3
53.2
64.6

Cents
55.3
53.1
64.2

146.0
146.6
299.1
103.2
264.8
79.8
79.6
91 1
106.8
89.2
98.3

135.5
147.1
300.3
1016
179.9
73.6
80.0
92 1
111.1
57.7
101.1

129.7
147.0
301.5
105.0
140.5
74.7
77.6
92.0
108.2
52.9
98.3

139.2
140.1
357.1
89.4
250.6
77.1
76.4
78.0
112.3
87.5
85.4

131.4
142. 1
352.8
89.9
146.7
69.2
75.8
78.1
117.6
55.5
91.4

129.0
140.8
375.6
90.8
117.2
72.3
72.3
77.9
114.7
54.2
88.7

24.17
26.40
34.99
23.10
18.14
19.01
25.92
29.97
27.57
25.40
24.44

24.33
26.69
34.41
22.93
15.69
18.48
25.59
29 66
27.76
24.88
25.45

25.54
26.57
36. 52
23.04
16.05
18.98
25.13
29.63
27.82
26.55
25.37

40.4
41.2
40. 1
47.7
39.6
36.7
42.0
46.6
39.8
38.4
37.3

39.9
41.8
39.3
47.4
36.3
35.7
41.9
46.0
40.3
35.8
39.3

40.1
41.7
41.6
47.7
34.3
36.8
41.2
46.6
40.2
37.1
38.9

61.5
64.3
88.4
48.2
2 46.5
51.8
61.4
63.5
69.1
67.3
65.6

62.5
64.0
88.1
47.7
M3.7
51.9
61.0
63.5
68.9
71.8
64.7

64.1
63.9
88.7
47.6
2 47.0
51.6
60.9
62.5
69.1
73.6
65.2

64.4
55.4
65.5

62.4
56.1
63.2

64.9
58.0
65.7

62.3
64.7
61.9

62.3
66.5
61.7

66.9
67.4
66.7

17.79
18.86
17.57

18.36
19.16
18.19

18.98
18.77
19.03

36.1
34.6
36.2

36.8
35.4
36.9

38.1
35.4
38.4

49.2
54.7
48.6

50.2
54.3
49.4

50.5
53.5
50.1

Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals.

115.2
117.5
116.9

114.7
116.0
117.1

114.5
115.3
116.2

110.9
130.7
124.8

111.2
127.7
126.3

112.3
127.4
126.2

28.73
22.10
26.14

29.00
21.87
26.47

29.27
21.99
26.70

38.2
39.4
40.4

38.4
38.9
40.8

38.5
39.0
41.5

78.9
56.4
65.0

79.1
56.6
64.9

79.7
56.7
64.4

99.7
113.8

99.0
113. 5

97.1
110. 2

85.9
105.4

86.7
105.3

85.1
111. 1

30.07
37.60

30.57
37. 72

30.59
38.55

37.9
35.9

38.4
35. 5

37.9
35.9

80.8
103.1

81.3
103.3

82.0
103.6

Chemical, petroleum, and coal products,.
Petroleum refining
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and mealDruggists ' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
_---_,-__.
,_,_._.,_.

119.4
122.7
118.6
141.6
52.4
114.6
139.9
81.1
123. 5
307.7
83,6

118.5
122.9
117.4
140.4
45.3
113.7
132.7
79.8
124.6
306.9
81.3

119.0
123.2
118.0
138.3
51.4
115.8
126.4
88.5
126.4
306.0
81,5

134.8
137.4
134.0
171.0
48.5
127.4
172.1
70.7
132.1
318.0
101.8

133.4
136.6
132.4
168.9
43.4
124.8
166.8
69.7
132.4
314.7
99.9

133.2
137.1
132. 0
165. 2
46.3
126.1
153.7
78.4
136.2
314.3
100,4

30.16
34.94
28.34
32.18
14.67
25.13
33.70
16.14
29.28
26.53
28.68

30.12
34.73
28.27
31.95
15.15
24.91
34.43
16.05
29.13
26.32
28.77

30.08
34.84
28.09
32.08
14.27
24. 71
33.32
15.99
29.55
26.36
28.85

38.7
35.8
39.8
40.3
41.8
39.5
40.6
34.6
40.6
39.4
40.3

38.5
35.3
39.7
40.2
42.4
40.1
40.9
35.2
40.4
38.9
40.4

38.5
35.7
39.6
40.0
39.5
38.3
39.9
36.1
41.2
39.1
40.4

77.8
97.7
70.7
80.6
33.5
61.5
82.8
46.6
72.0
67.2
71.2

78.3
98.6
70.9
80.4
33.9
61.2
83.9
45.6
72.1
67.6
71.2

77.7
98.3
70.2
80.2
34.3
61.1
83.6
44.3
71.7
67.5
71,5

leather and its manufactures.
Boots and shoes
Leather
...
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages,
Butter
Canning and preserving-.
Confectionery- _ _
Flour
Ice cream
Slaughtering and meat packing..
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff.
Cigars and cigarettes,.




to

o

Rubber products---.-_____-,..._-_-_Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber tires and inner tubes
Rubber goods, other

85.8
54.7
70.5
143.3

83.5
53.6
69.3
137.8

83.4
54.9
68.5
138.4

87. 8
57. 2
76. 3
141. 9

86. 4

85. 2
50. 7
77. 4
131. 9

56 2
77 5
133 1

27.98
24.12
31.64
24.10

27.90
21.81
32.66
23.30

28.27
23.50
33.11
23.42

36.3
38.4
33.0
39.3

35. 7
35. 5
33. 8
38. 0

36 4
88. 3
84. 3
38. 2

77.9
62.5
96.0
62.2

78.5
61.0
97.1
62.2

78.0
61.4
96.7
61.9

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100]
Coal mining: 3
Anthracite 3
Bituminous
__
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining..
Crude-petroleum production
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 4455
Electric light and power 4 5 6
Street railways and busses
_
Trade:
47
Wholesale
_.
45
Retail
.... .. Foods
45
General merchandising Apparel 5
Furniture 5 5
Automotive
Lumber 5 3 4 8
Hotels (year-round)
..
Laundries 3
Dyeing and4 9 cleaning 3
Brokerage
Insurance 4 9
Building construction 9
1

50.3
86.6
71.5
48.8
63.4

50.8
84.9
71.0
48.1
63.7

50.2
83.8
70.3
47.9
63.8

33.1
83.3
69.1
45.0
59.1

36.5
75.2
63.7
43.5
59.1

40.6
73.9
65.4
43.9
58.8

$21.63
25.37
30.10
23.03
34.11

$23. 63
23.36
27.95
22.57
33.97

$26. 63
23.48
28.95
22.89
33.74

24.2
28.7
41.4
40.7
38.4

26.5
26.6
38.7
39.7
38.2

29.3
26.8
40.1
40.2
37.4

91.8
88.1
73.1
56.6
87.2

91.8
88.0
72.4
56.9
87.4

92.2
88.7
72.5
56.7
88.3

78.6
92.9
68.4

78.8
92.2
68.4

77.8
91.2
68.5

100.8
107.6
70.3

101.3
105.8
70.0

100.0
104.8
70.5

31.47
35.29
33.77

31.56
34.96
33.62

31.54
35. 03
33.80

39.5
40.4
46.1

39.5
39.5
45.8

39.5
39.3
46.3

80.1
87.3
72.3

80.4
88.7
72.4

80.3
89.0
72.3

90.0
88.4
102.9
88.9
72.9
74.8
86.1
75.6
90.6
102.8
105.9
-2.7

89.2
89.1
103.6
90.3
75.1
75.4
86.8
75.6
90.3
102.5
108.2
-1.6

89.6
91.9
104.8
96.2
88.0
77.4
86.5
75.1
92.0
102.1
112.6

78.7
81.3
95.9
81.1
68.3
66.1
79.8
72.4
80.9
90.6
78.0
-5.4

78.3
82.6
96.0
84.0
70.8
66.6
82.3
71.9
80.5
90.0
80.0
-3.5

73.2
54.5
52.9
47.4
55.2
69.0
59.3
63.0
33.0
42.2
48.4

74.0
54.9
52.9
47.6
55.8
69.9
60.6
62.8
32.9
42.1
48.6

73.7
54.8
52.5
46.9
55.2
70.9
60.3
62.6
33.3
42.2
49.1

-.3

+.1
+5.2

30.41
21.51
23.48
18.20
21.15
30.12
28.82
26.58
15.47
18.51
21.57
36.73
36.90
31.94

41.2
42.9
43.5
38.9
38.2
44.1
47.5
42.7
46.3
43.9
45.0

+.4
+5.1

30.36
21.71
23.84
18.29
22.04
28.00
28. 50
26.64
15.42
17.96
20.13
36.34
36.45
31.78

41.0
43.0
43.9
38.4
38.8
43.8
47.1
42.8
46.7
43.0
42.5

+.9
+5.9

30.25
21.54
23.96
17.94
21.91
27.18
27.87
26.83
15.44
18.02
20.05
35.35
36.26
32.47

41.3
43.0
43.9
38.0
39.0
44.0
47.1
42.8
46.6
43.0
42.7

+.2
+5.2

78.4
84.8
96.3
89.3
80.4
70.2
83.4
71.4
82.0
92.4
89.6
-1.6
—. 2

-.2

+6.7

Revised series. Mimeographed sheets, giving averages by years. 1932 to 1938, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to September 1939, inclusive, available on request.
Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller
number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish
man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of
changes
in the size and composition of the reporting sample.
2
Average hourly earnings not comparable with previously published averages because
of 3expansion in reporting sample.
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented
in 4January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures
published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers,
executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.




+5.0
5

(10)
(10)

(10)
(10)

(10)
(10)

(10)
(10)

(10)
(10)

34.1

33.6

33.8

95.6

94.7

(10)
(10)

94.8

Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census.
Not comparable to indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior
to 6January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940.
Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated,
and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance."
7
Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent
issues of this pamphlet.
8
Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included.
9
Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available; percentage changes from
preceding
month substituted.
10
Not available.

22
TABLE 7.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing * and Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, August 1939 to August 1940, Inclusive
Employment
Industry

1939

1940

Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Tune July Aug.
Manufacturing
All industries
Durable goods 3
Nondurable goods 4
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining 5
Bituminous-coal mining 5__
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallie mining
Crude-petroleum production
Telephone and telegraph 66 .
Electric light and power S t r e e t r a i l w a y s and
busses6 7
Wholesale trade
Retail trade 6
Year-round5 hotels 5
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning 5

96.8 96. 3 100. 2 103. 6 103.8 104.1 101.4

100.8 99.i

99.0 99.4 19.5 103.6

87.8 83.' 89.8 96.1 98.2:100.0
19.5
i6.0 96.5 97.0 95.1
105. 5 108.1 110.2 110.8 109. 2 108. 0 105. 3 106.1 105.1 103. 0 101. 4 101.7 103.3 107.6
50. 48. 49.4
78.6 81.4 85.4
62.7 60.4 62.9
44.

48.1

47.1

93.0
65.3

51.3 51.0 51.5 52.0 52.6 51.6 52.2 50.2 50. 50.3
94.9 92.6 91. 91.7 89.7 86.2 85.1 83.8 84.9 86.6
66.5 67.3 66.4 66.3 66.2 67.7 69.2 70.3 71.0 71.5

48.0 47.1

44.0

37 A 38.3 41.0

65. 66.7 65.0 64.3 63.8 63.! 63.2 63.0
75.8 76. 76.4 76.5 76.1 75.8 76.1 75.9
89.0 90.6 90.6 90.4 90.3 90.1 89.1 89.2
69.0 69.2 69.2 69.5
89.2 89.0 90.5 92.4
89.8 86.3 90.5 91.7
92.0 89.8 91.3 92.9
95. 9 99.1 97. 96.0
101. 3 102. 7| 105. 2 105.1

69.3 69.0
92.1 92.2
93. 3 104. 2
91.81 90.8
95.6 95.6
97.8 97.4

68.8
90.
87.7
91.3
96.0
94.0

68.7
90.2
87.0
92.1
95.

93.7

44.5

46.9 47.9 48.1 48.8-

63.2
76.0
89.3

63.7 63.4
63.1 63.3
76.7 77.3 77.8 78.8 78.6
90.0 90.6 91.2 92.2

68.2
90.5
91.1
92.0

68.4 18.5 68.4 68.4
90.0
91.2 91.9 Ll1 88.4
93.4 92.0 I.3 90.6
99.1 102.11102. 5 102.8
108. 7112.6,108.2,105.9

98.2

96.3! 97.9 96.5 103.8

68.3
89.3
89.8
92.7
97.2
I. 5 104. 5

Pay rolls
Manufacturing
All industries
Durable goods 3
Nondurable goods 4
Nonmanufacturing
Anthracite mining 5
Bituminous-coal mining 5__
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum production
Telephone and telegraph 66_
Electric light and power .
S t r e e t 6r7a i l w a y s and
busses
Wholesale trade
Retail trade a
Year-round5 hotels 5
Laundries
Dyeing and cleaning 5

90.:

a7

i. 8 101. 6 101. 6 103. 7

97.1

85.2 81.5 87.8 99. 6 100. 9 104.6
97.0 i. 0 100. 5 103. 9 102. 4 102. 98.4

97.6 97.2 97. 5 i 100.0 96.1 105.0
95.4 94.91 95.6 97.1 102.5

42.0 26.6 52.5
38.4
96.3 84.3 87.0 87.0 78.3
63.9 65.0 63.6

40.0 40.6 36.5 33.1
75.: 73.' 75.2 83.3
65.4 63.7 69.1

39.5
69.9
56.0

33.8
74.6
53.0

40.1
80.2
55.1

97.6
63.4

38.7

42.'

42.7

45.6 42.9 39.2 29.6 30.8 34.1 38.1 42.7 43. < 43.5 45.0

36.3
72.2

58.8 59.1 59.2 58.4 59.0 58.4 59.0 58.7 58.8 59.1 59.1
61.0 62.0
97.2 96.4 97.4 97.4
i. 8 100. 0 101. 3 100. 8
95. 96.3
100. 4 102.!. 2 102. 2102.0 102. 5 102. 4 101. 6 102. 2 102. 3 103. 3104. 2 104. 105. 8 107. 6
69.5
76.6
80.8
81.2
83.1
73.6

76.2
78.0
79.2
85.9
73.0

69.2
78.0
80.9
80.4
84.5
78.3

71.2
80.3
83.2
82.2
83.!
77.:

69.4
79.0
83.6
81.8
82.9
70.8

79.1
91.8
81.1
83.7

69.0
77.1
79.9
81.1
83.4
65.5

71.5
77.1
79.1
82.7
83.1
64.4

69.5
77.8
82.0
81.8
84.1
72.

69.2
77.4
82.3
83.2
85.6

69.2
77.4
83.4
83.0
88.5
85.4

70.5
78.4
84.8
82.0
92.4

70.0
78.3
82.6
80.5
90.0
80.0

70.3
78.7
81.3
80.9
90.6
78.0

1
3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to 1937 Census of Manufactures.
2
12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining, and
crude-petroleum production are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of Employment and Pay Rolls,
or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. For other nonmanufacturing
indexes see notes 5 and 6.
3 Indexes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied
products,
and stone, clay, and glass products.
4
Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco
manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber
products,
and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups.
5
Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are presented in January 1938 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet.
• Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable
with indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY
LABORREVIEW prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed form.
7 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor
companies.




23
INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS

A comparison of employment and pay rolls in July and August
1940 is made in table 8 for 13 metropolitan areas, each of which had
a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas
but having a population of 100,000 or over are not included. Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning
them have been prepared in a supplementary tabulation which is
available on request. The figures represent reports from cooperating
establishments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3,
with the exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries.
Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly
because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the
supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary
tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more
according to the 1930 Census of Population.
TABLE 8.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in July
and August 1940, by Principal Metropolitan Areas

Metropolitan area

New York !
Chicago 2
Philadelphia s.Detroit
Los Angeles 4...

Number of Number on Percentage Amount of Percentage
establishp a y roll
change
pay roll
change
ments
(1 week)
from
from
August
August
1940
July 1940 A u g u s t 1940 July 1940
1940
14, 467
4,388
2,481
1,668
3,014

792,402
474,528
256,328
293,490
184, 359

+2.4
+1.1
+3.5
+4.7
+3.1

$22,836,295
13,687,299
7,188,641
10,486,770
5,604,841

+4.1
+2.0
+3.4
+12.9
+5.7

Cleveland
St. Louis
Baltimore
Boston 5
Pittsburgh

1,351
1,376
1,153
2,970
1,296

129, 965
118,716
119,692
182,708
214, 496

+3.1
+l'l
+1.2
+2.1

3,965,005
3,007,531
3,088,781
4,683,609
6,564,495

+7.3
+1.5
+.9
+2.3.
+6.8

San Francisco 6_
Buffalo
Milwaukee

1,828
1,105
992

114,012
82,872
105,587

+9.7
+1.9
+2.8

3.528, 550
2,415,674
3,081.137

+11.1
+3.0
+3.9

2

12 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., or Yonkers, N. Y.
Does not include Gary, Ind.
3 Does not include Camden, N. J.
*J Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, or Somerville, Mass,
e Does not; iDclude Oakland, Calif.

WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIES

The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending August 15, 1940, as shown
by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing
establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau.




24

As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an
industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report
wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries.
TABLE 9.— Wage Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing
Establishments During Month Ending Aug. 15, 1940 l
Number of establishments
reporting—

Number of
employees
having—

Average percentage
change in
wage rates of
employees
having—

Total
Total
number
of estab- number
of
emlishployees
ments
covered
Wage- Wage- Wage- Wagereporting
rate
rate
rate
rate
InDeindeindecreases creases
creases creases creases! cn

Group and industry

All manufacturing
Iron and steel group
._
Structural metal work
_
Machinery group
_._ ..
Electrical machinery
Foundries and machine shops.
Transportation equipment group..
Nonferrous metals and products
group
Brass, bronze, and copper
products
..
Lumber and allied products groupMillwork
Stone, clay, and glass products
group
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
-

26, 203 4,980,486

169

24, 677

2,134
304

762,027
27, 350

7
3

876
36

3,357
554
2,205

724. 481
208, 529
268, 002

16
5
9

1, 844
623
537

6.2
6.9
7.0

643

488, 542

2,105

2.7

158, 936

772

325

61, 678

358

12.4

1,943
574

242, 584
35, 634

1,665
789

3.5
3.6

1,206
535

154, 609
39, 534

249

Fabrics group
_
Woolen and worsted goods. _
Wearing apparel group. . _ ...
Men's clothing
Women's clothing.
Men's furnishings
.
Shirts and collars._ _

2,845
421

795,156
131, 609

3,010
1,788

2,831
1,121
1,071
151
275

294,493
130, 511
81, 362
13, 247
50, 479

3,168
1,664
517
297
690

4.4
5.0
3.5
3.6
17.3
17.8
16.8
13.7
17.9

Food group
Baking
Beverages

__

4,382
1,059
638

466, 874
79, 709
43,130

801
260
101

8.3
5.2
4.3

..I

3,376
665
423
692

305,125
41,472
128, 674
57,412

262
5,917
59

4.2
3.9
4.2
11.5

1,594

238,403

761

7.1

Paper group
Paper boxes
Paper and pulpNewspapers-.
Chemicals group

...

___ . . . . _

All nonmanufacturing (except building construction)
.
Electric light and power
Natural gas d istribution
Street railways and busses..
Wholesale trade.Retail trade-..

..
.

68, 208 1,931, 603
1,409
400
239
11,636
38, 224

138, 871
10. 555
87,974
248. 599
615, 768

15

3,141
127
873
1,637

905

3.2

5.1

2.0
4.0
1.5
8.4
6.4

1
As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry, and, furthermore, as some firms
may have failed to report wage changes, the figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring. Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. They are, however, included, where practicable, in "all manufacturing," in ''all nonmanufacturing," and in the various industry groups.




25
Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment financed from both regular and emergency appropriations.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of
the Federal Government in August and July 1940 are given in table 10.
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United States
Government, August and July 1940 1
[Subject to revision]

Pay rolls

Employment
Class
August
Entire service:
Total.

July

Percentage
change
+1.4

August

July

Percentage
change

$159, 218,015 2 $154, 787,444

+2.9

+5.5

-2.9

138, 417, 786
6, 727, 484
14,072, 745

135, 224,896
6,857,883
12, 704 665

+2.4
-1.9

138, 453

+3.2

24,881,086

24, 209, 496

+2.8

123, 241
8, 004
7,208

+2.0

22.158,997 " " 21, 776, 931
1, 228, 234
1, 242, 759
1, 204, 331
1, 479, 330

+1.8
+1.2
+22.8

1,038,229 21, 023, 552

Regular appropriation. _ _
Emergency appropriation
Force-account

884,988
50, 267
102,974

874, 212
51, 745
97, 595

Inside the District of Columbia:
Total

142, 821

Regular appropriation
._
Emergency appropriation
Force-account__ . .

125, 740
7,969
9,112

Outside the District of Columbia:
Total

895,408

885, 099

+1.2

134, 336,929

130, 577,948

+2.9

Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account

759, 248
42, 298
93, 862

750,971
43, 741
90, 387

+1 1

116, 258, 789
5, 484, 725
12, 593, 415

113, 447, 965
5, 629, 649
11,500,334

+2.5

1
2

+1.2

-.4
+26.4

-3.3
+3.8

+10.8

-2.6
+9.5

Data cover number of emyloyees receiving pay during last pay period of the month.
Revised.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION

Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during August on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 11, by type of project.




26
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Administration Funds, August 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

All programs..

Maximum 2 Weekly
average
58,303

49,222

Monthly
pay rolls

Manhours
worked
during
month

$6,484,992

6,695,701

Average
earnings
per hour

1.969

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
$9,673,380

Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act
funds
All projects

955

827

Building construction
._
Public roads 4
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control....
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

556

481
201
54
36
22
33

56
78
31
33

$76, 486
46, 399
13, 570
8,440
2,686
1,270
4,121

135, 618

$0. 564

$113,546

87, 853
22, 164
11, 540
4, 718
3, 333
6, 010

.528
.612
.731
.569
.381
.686

78, 137
27, 000
2,210
3, 248
2,576
375

Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds

All projects

5,829

5,161

Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
.
Building construction
Electrification
__
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control..
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
Professional, technical, and clerical..

455
2,786
443
1,344
332
138
90
149
92

447
2, 345
301
105
74
124
71

$637, 362

714, 537

53, 860

85, 394
271,653
45, 618
223, 295
38, 296
17, 594
5, 371
14, 771
12, 545

063
34, 706

297,

177, 832
31, 996
12, 378
6,380
12, 848
10, 299

$0. 892 $1, 225, 680
.631
1.094
.761
.796
.835
.704
1.188
.870
.821

59, 225
474, 669
453,178
146. 049
34, 599
37, 183
7,406
13,153
218

Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery
Act funds

All projects 6
Building construction 6
Streets and roads
Railroads
Miscellaneous

1,544

1, 307

$160, 029

910
370
14
250

714
347
14
232

112, 623
29,197
7
18, 202

155, 607

$515, 549

Non-Federal projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds
I

All projects..
Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Water and sewerage

6,023

5,462

$682, 614

856, 972

~579~
1,015
4,069
360

490
887
3,751
334

81,318
83, 488
459, 931
57,877

63, 000
114,948
618, 727
60, 297

0. 797

$675, 620
77,
113,
453,
31,

208
244
387
781

Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act 1938 funds

..

43,952

36,465

;4,928. 501

4, 832,967

Building construction..
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage _ .

11, 306
815
9,979
378
11, 450
10, 024

9,214
622
8,420
340
9, 272
8,597

1, 256, 865
93, 332
1, 274, 930
52, 449
1, 033, 221
1, 217, 704

1, 051, 819
81, 692
1,189, 075
58, 679
1, 262, 881
1,188, 821

All projects

1

$1. 020 $7,142,985
1.195
1.142
1.072
894
818
1.024

2,132, 824
503, 680
1, 410, 972
20,899
1, 651,108
1, 423, 502

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public roads.
4
Under
the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
8
Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.
6
Includes data for workers engaged in construction of underground tunnel who, because of the additional
risk involved, were paid at rates higher than those usually paid for building construction.




27
UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY

Table 12 shows data concerning employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in August 1940 on low-rent projects of the United States
Housing Authority.
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Rent Housing Projects Operated by the
United States Housing Authority, August 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Geographic division

Maximum 1 Weekly
average

All divisions _
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific
Outside continental United States. .
;

Monthly
p a y rolls

42, 980

50, 695
4,833
10,141
5,468
537
11, 978
8, 731
5 783
710
1,703
811

$5, 602, 339

4, 200
651, 544
1. 469, 759
8, 594
' 752.216
4,610
422 i
57.029
10, 075
1, 041, 027
7,234
755, 403
5,034
537, 412
542
76, 534
1, 539
233, 513
730
27, 902

Man-hours Average
worked earnings
during
per hour
month
5, 886, 784
579, 155
1, 146, 054
645, 741
63, 764
1, 398, 473

$0. 952

965, 474
703, 312
65,175
220, 223
99, 413

1. 125
1.282
1.165
.894
.744
.782
.764
1.174
1.060
.281

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
$7, 496, 845
978, 273
1, 860, 266
964,830
49, 426
1, 477, 381
901, 630
643, 922
214,154
372, 760
34, 203

Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month.

WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM

A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in August
on projects financed by the Work Projects Administration is shown in
table 13, by type of project.
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects
Administration, August 1940
[Subject to revision]
Value of
Average material
orders
earnings placed
Maximum 1 Weekly
per hour during
average
month
Projects operated by Federal agencies
Employment

Type of project

All projects
... . . _ .
Airport construction (exclusive of
buildings)
Building construction,...
Forestry
Grade-crossing elimination 2
Hydroelectric power plants 3
Plant, crop, and livestock conservation
Professional, technical, and clericalPublic roads 2
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and seweraee.
..
Miscellaneous.
All projects
1

Monthly
p a y rolls

Man-hours
worked
during
month

70, 841

64,995

$2, 768, 053

6, 688, 049

$0. 414

$476,036

5,751
33, 009
6,456
159
881

5,751
30, 374
6,313
134

53, 744
1,448, 333
262, 500
10,860

298, 018
3, 255, 718
639,186
16, 509

.180
.445
.411
.658

1,380
282, 435
21,429
35, 222

7,537
3,029
172
8,991
599
921
941
2,395
Projects

446

16, 516

61,833

.267

30,000

7,382
2, 756
125
8,032

309, 719
189,427
6.876
327, 788

.442
.597
.524
.345

428
729
734
1,791

26,182
31, 227
18,910
65. 971

700, 275
317,408
13,123
948, 978
40, 809
96. 958
87, 623
211,611

27, 043
10,907
680
30, 725
8,262
9,014
3,500
15,439

.642
.322
.216
.312

operated by Work Projects Administration 4

1, 647,123 $94, 784, 451 208, 508, 192

$0. 455

Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
2
These data are for projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
*4 These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.
Data are for the calendar month. Will be published by type of project in September pamphlet.
« Data on a monthly basis are not available.




28
Data on employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in August
for each type of project operated by the Work Projects Administration were not available when this report was prepared. The figures
for July are shown in table 14.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Work Projects
Administration, by Type of Project, July 1940
[Subject to revision]

Type of project

Employment 1

Pay rolls

Man-hours
worked
207, 734, 571

Average
earnings
per hour

...

1,651,407

$95, 030,429

Conservation
Highway, road, and street
Professional, technical, and clerical..
Public buildings
Publicly owned or operated utilities

39,915
700, 296
287, 237
150,143
159, 711

2, 201,807
35, 974, 007
19,441,464
9,464, 935
9, 736, 586

4,925, 758
86,124, 544
37,429,189
18, 877, 251
20, 745, 395

.447
.418
. 519
.501
.469

Recreational facilities. .
Sanitation and health
M
Sewing, canning, gardening'^ etc
Transportation
Not elsewhere classified

92, 064
23, 380
117,942
26, 782
53,937

6,148, 607
1, 268, 396
6, 015, 986
1,443,124
3, 335, 517

12, 544, 009
3, 038, 644
15, 038,827
2,966,480
6,044,474

.490
.417
.400
.486.552'

All projects

.

$0. 457

i As of July 31, 1940.

NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION

Employment and pay rolls on the National Youth Administration
projects for August and July 1940 are shown in table 15.
TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects^
August and July 1940
[Subject to revision]
Employment

Pay rolls

Type of project
August

July

August

July

Total

240,067

195,917

$4, 777,920

$3, 382,162

Student work program 1
Out-ofschool work program.

0
240,067

0
2 195,917

0
4, 777, 920

0
2 3, 382,162

1

Not in operation during July and August.
2 Revised.

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
August and July 1940 are presented in table 16.




29
TABLE 16.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, August and
July 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Pay rolls

Employment

Group
August

July

August

July

All groups

326. 244

316, 548

$14, 420, 968

$14,146, 541

Enrolled personnel 2
Nwses 3-_
__
.._
Educational advisers 3 .. 3
Supervisory and technical

290, 675
224
1,554
33, 791

280, 072
222
1,560
34, 691

9, 038, 917
30,166
260, 250
5, 091, 635

8, 713, 816
29, 629
259, 592
5,143, 504

. _.
__.

* Employment figure is monthly average for enrolled personnel, and number employed on last day of
month for other groups.
2 August data include 3,560 enrollees and pay roll of $73,298 outside continental United States; in July the
corresponding
figures were 3,531 enrollees and pay roll of $69,171.
3
Included in executive service, table 10.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE
CORPORATION

Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in August are presented in table 17, by type of project.
TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, August 1940 *
[Subject to revision]

Employment 2

Type of project

All projects

.

Building construction 3_. _
Streets and roads, __ _ . _
Water and sewerage

__
.

.

Monthly
pay rolls

Man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

2,133

$283, 288

259, 267

$1,093

$338, 769

1,885
89
159

250, 886
6,072
26, 330

223. 931
7,069
28, 267

1,120
.859
.931

262, 973
6,806
68, 990

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
sincludes 1,173 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $181,105; 133,935 man-hours worked; and material
orders placed of $155,388 on projects financed by R F C Mortgage Co.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL
APPROPRIATIONS

Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations during August are given in table 18, by type of project.




30
TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, August 1940 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Type of project

All projects
Building construction
Electrification:
Rural Electrification
Administration projects 4
Other than R. E. A. projects
Forestry
Heavy engineering
Public roads 5
_'
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc.
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

Monthly
pay rolls

Manhours
worked
during
month

Maximum 2

Weekly
average

3 334,593

315, 913 $39, 006, 635 49, 909,494

28,183

23,032

5,686
598
10
117
(6)
24,997
33, 321
8,329

4,670
488

85,854
25,770
3,469
282
11, 750

2,873,927

Value of
Average material
earnings orders
per
placed
hour
during
month
$0. 782 $78,155,126

2,980,234

.964

4,629,731

10

102
106, 227
23, 787

603,021
339,572
30, 771
41, 211
703
1,456
22,126
16,474
10,218,513 15, 931, 436
3, 752,648 4,168,199

.563
.747
.483
1.343
.641
.900

1,383,508
205,230
5
278, 781
16,448,398
2,624,074

29,607
7,488

3,449, 700 4,982, 389
1,060, 701 1, 266,400

.692
.838

3,841, 758
896,467

82,091
23, 786
3,097
237
11, 291

13,185, 292 14,522, 526
2,997,949 3, 626, 387
466, 232
334,700
21,898
25, 392
718,135 1, 278,137

.827
.718
.862
.562

42, 729,488
3,182,310
317,361
33,133
1, 584,882

1
2

Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
4
Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
5
Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration.
« Not available; weekly average included in the total for all projects.

STATE-ROADS PROJECTS

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements on the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from. State or
local funds in August 1940, compared with July 1940, and August
1939, is presented in table 19.
TABLE 19.-—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads
August 1940, July 1940, and August 1939 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment 2
Item

Total.

-

New roads
Maintenance.

]Pay

rolls
August
1939

August
1940

July
1940

201,836

197,950

155, 747 $15,045,089 $14, 696,498

$11, 905, 560

64,133
137, 703

61, 705
136, 245

23, 586
132,161

3,984, 957
4, 357,497
10, 687, 592 10,711, 541

1,596, 240
10,309, 320

August
1939

August
1940

July
1940

i Projects financed wholly from State or local funds. August and July 1940 data are for the calendar
month; August 1939, for the month ending on the 15th.
' Average number working during month.




O