Full text of Employment and Payrolls : August 1936

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Serial N o. R . 452

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner

Employment and Pay Rolls
+

August 1936
+

Prepared by

Division of Employment Statistics
Lew is E, T

albert,

Chief

and

Division of Construction and Public Employment




H e rm a n B. B yer, Chief

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936




CONTENTS

Summary of employment reports for August 1936:
Industrial and business employment_________________________________
Public employment__________________________________ ________________
Detailed reports for August 1936:
Industrial and business employment_________________________________
Public employment___________________________________________________

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1. — All

manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufactur­
ing industries— employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
August 1936________________________________________________
2.— Federal employment and pay rolls— summary, July and
August 1936________________________________________________
3.— Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries— employ­
ment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, August 1936_______
4.— All manufacturing industries combined and the durable- and
nondurable-goods groups— indexes of employment and pay
rolls, January 1935 to August 1936_________________________
5.— Selected nonmanufacturing industries— indexes of employ­
ment and pay rolls, January 1935 to August 1936______
6 .— Geographic divisions and States— comparison o f employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in July and August
1936________________________________________________________
7.— Principal cities— comparison of employment and pay rolls in
identical establishments in July and August 1936_________
8.— Executive service of the Federal Government— employment
in August 1935 and July and August 1936________________
9.— Executive service of the Federal Government— monthly
record of employment from August 1935 to August 1936,
inclusive___________________________________________________
10.— Construction projects financed by Public Works Adminis­
tration funds— employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, August 1936, by type of project__________________
1 1 .— Construction projects financed by Public Works Adminis­
tration funds— summary of employment, pay rolls, and
man-hours worked, from July 1933 to August 1936, in­
clusive_______ ______________________________________________
12.— Projects financed by The Works Program— employment,
pay rolls, and man-hours worked, August 1936, by type
of project__________________________________________________
13.— Projects financed by The Works Program— employment,
pay rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of
the program in July 1935 to August 1936, inclusive_______




(H i)

4
6
8

12
14

1617
19

19

20

22

22

24

IV
T a b l e 1 4 .—
T a b le
T a b le

T a b le

T a b le

’T a b l e

T

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Emergency conservation work— employment and p a y rolls,
July and August 1936______________________________________
1 5 . — Emergency conservation work— employment and p a y rolls
from August 1935 to August 1936, inclusive_______________
16.— Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation— employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked, August 1936, by type of project____________
17.— Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation— summary of employment, pay rolls,
and man-hours worked, from August 1935 to August 1936,
inclusive____________________________________________________
1 8 . — Construction projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations— employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, August 1936, by type of project_________________ _
1 9 . — Construction projects financed from regular governmental
appropriations— employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked from August 1935 to August 1936, inclusive_______
20.— Construction and maintenance of State roads— employment
and pay-roll disbursements from August 1935 to August
1936, inclusive______________________________________________




25
25

26

26

27

28

28

EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Summary of Reports for August 1936
AINS in employment from July to August were widespread, being
shared by 71 of the 90 manufacturing industries surveyed and
by 9 of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries. The net estimated increase
in factory employment was 2.3 percent, or 173,000 wage earners, and
in the nonmanufacturing industries there was a net gain of approxi­
mately 1,000 workers.
Increases in pay rolls were shown in 71 of the manufacturing and
10 of the nonmanufacturing industries, resulting in a net addition of
$7,300,000 to weekly wage disbursements, of which amount $6,600,000
went to factory workers.
Class I railroad employment was also at a higher level in August
than in July, according to preliminary reports of the Interstate Com­
merce Commission. The gain in number of workers, exclusive of
executives and officials, was 4,100.
Employment on construction projects financed from regular gov­
ernmental appropriations showed a substantial gain during August.
Less pronounced increases in employment occurred on projects financed
by The Works Program. Decreases were reported on the emergency
conservation program, construction projects financed by the Recon­
struction Finance Corporation, and on projects financed by the Public
Works Administration.

G

Industrial and Business Employment

A substantial increase in factory employment between July and
August, combined with gains in 9 of the 16 nonmanufacturing indus­
tries surveyed, resulted in a net gain of 174,000 workers over the
month interval. Weekly pay rolls in these industries increased by
approximately $7,300,000. The corresponding gains when compar­
ing August 1936 with August 1935 were 976,000 workers and
$41,500,000.
The gains in factory employment and pay rolls were shared by 71
of the 90 manufacturing industries surveyed. The increase of 2.3
percent in factory employment indicated the return of approximately
173,000 workers to jobs in the manufacturing industries and marked
the seventh consecutive month in which gains had been reported. The




(1)

2

August employment index (88.9) stands 8.4 percent above the level
of August 1935 and exceeds the level shown in any month since Sep­
tember 1930. The increase of 4.1 percent in pay rolls represented the
addition of $6,600,000 to weekly pay envelopes, and raised the August
pay-roll index (81.0), to the maximum recorded in any month since
October 1930. Compared with August 1935, wage disbursements
showed a gain of 17.2 percent.
Although a large proportion of the durable-goods industries reported
gains in employment over the month interval, the level for the group
as a whole rose only 0.3 percent, due largely to the offsetting effect of
a large decline in the automobile industry incident to model changes.
The nondurable-goods group, however, showed a substantial increase
(4.3 percent). The August employment index (98.7) for the nondurable-goods group exceeded the level of any month since September
1930. The corresponding index for the durable-goods group (79.9)
was, with the exception of June 1936 (when employment was at the
same level), also higher than that of any month since September 1930.
The more pronounced increases in employment over the month
interval are attributable to seasonal factors. The beet-sugar in­
dustry reported a gain of 63.5 percent; canning and preserving, 45.2
percent; millinery, 33.5 percent; women’s clothing, 21.7 percent; and
the silver- and plated-ware industry, 20.6 percent. Other pronounced
gains were 12.5 percent in jewelry, 10.9 percent in cottonseed oilcake-meal, 10.0 percent in confectionery, 8.9 percent in radios and
phonographs, 7.6 percent in stoves, 6.3 percent in furniture, and 3.6
percent in boots and shoes. The electric- and steam-railroad car
building industry showed a gain of 13.9 percent; soap, 9.3 percent;
and typewriters and parts, 7.3 percent. A number of industries
allied to the building construction industry reported substantial gains,
among them being lighting equipment, 5.8 percent; structural and
ornamental metalwork, 5.4 percent; millwork, 5.3 percent; and steam
and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings, 4.7 percent.
Smaller gains were shown in the plumbers’ supplies, cast-iron pipe,
cement, and brick industries.
Each of the 14 industries comprising the textile group reported
increases. Among them were silk and rayon goods, 6.1 percent;
knit goods, 3.8 percent; cotton goods, 3.1 percent; men’s clothing,
2.4 percent; and woolen and worsted goods, 2.2 percent. Other
industries of major importance in which gains in employment over
the month interval were noted were book and job printing, 3.6
percent; steam-railroad repair shops, 2.8 percent; foundries and
machine shops, 1.7 percent; blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling
mills, 1.4 percent; and electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies,
0.7 percent.




3
Among the decreases in employment over the month interval, the
decline of 11.5 percent in the automobile industry affected the greatest
number of employees. This decrease was due primarily to temporary
shut-downs for changes in models. Other industries in which sharp
decreases were reported were cash registers, adding machines, and
calculating machines, 12.2 percent; agricultural implements, 12.1
percent; and hardware, 10.5 percent. Employment in the ice­
cream industry declined 5.0 percent; engines, turbines, and tractors,
4.2 percent; and machine tools, 3.6 percent. In the last-named
industry, the decrease in employment was due primarily to temporary
shutdowns for vacations during the August 15 pay period.
Gains in employment from July to August were shown in 9 of the
16 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed and 10 industries showed
increased pay rolls. Approximately 14,400 workers (1.1 percent)
were added to the pay rolls of wholesale trade firms, the gains in the
several lines of trade being partly seasonal in character. Private
building construction employment showed a gain of 6.1 percent;
electric light and power and manufactured gas, 1.5 percent; and
bituminous-coal mines, 1.9 percent. The August 1936 employment
index for wholesale trade (86.3) stood above the level for the corre­
sponding month of any year since 1930, and the index for the electric
light and power industry (93.1) was higher than that of any month
since September 1931. The latter industry has shown gains each
month since last February.
Among the seven nonmanufacturing industries reporting decreased
employment were retail trade, 1.0 percent; anthracite mining, 15.0
percent; laundries, 0.8 percent; and dyeing and cleaning, 2.2 percent.
With the exception of anthracite mining, these declines were seasonal.
They indicated 32,300 fewer workers in retail stores, 10,400 in an­
thracite mining, 1,800 in laundries, and 1,200 in dyeing and cleaning.
Preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission showed
1,077,953 workers (exclusive of executives and officials) employed
by class I railroads in August as compared with 1,073,876 in July, a
gain of 0.4 percent. Corresponding pay-roll data for August were
not available at the time this report was prepared. The total com­
pensation of all employees except executives and officials was $151,078,279 in July and $145,726,645 in June, an increase of 3.7 percent.
The Commission's preliminary indexes of employment based on the
3-year average 1923-25 as 100, were 61.0 for August and 60.7 for
July. The final June index was 60.3.
Hours and earnings.— The average workweek for factory wage earners
was 39.4 hours in August compared with 38.5 in July, a gain of 2.3
percent. Average hourly earnings fell 0.6 percent to 57.1 cents but
showed a gain of less than 0.1 percent when compared with the
average for August 1935. Average weekly earnings rose 1.8 percent
to $22.66 between July and August.



4

Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data
are compiled, 5 showed gains in average hours worked per week and
8 showed higher hourly rates. Seven of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries covered showed increased average weekly earnings.
Table 1 presents a summary of employment and pay-roll indexes
and average weekly earnings in August 1936 for all manufacturing
industries combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, and
for class I railroads, with percentage changes over the month and
year intervals except in the few industries for which certain items
cannot be computed. The indexes of employment and pay rolls for
the manufacturing industries are based on the 3-year average 1923-25
as 100 and for the nonmanufacturing industries on the 12-month
average for 1929 as 100.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Indus­
tries Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries

Industry
Index,
August
1936

A ll manufacturing indus­
tries com bined...................
Class I steam railroads 1----Coal mining:
Anthracite________
Bitum inous___ ________
Metalliferous mining______
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining____ __ __________
Crude-petroleum produc­
ing---------------------------------Public utilities:
Telephone and tele­
graph___ __________
E le c t r ic lig h t an d
power and manufac­
tured gas____________
Electric-railroad
and
motorbus operation
and maintenance____
Trade:
W holesale_____________
Retail_________________
General merchan­
dising___________
Other than general
merchandising__
H6tels (year-round) 4______
Laundries_________________
D yeing and cleaning______
Brokerage...............................
Insurance________ ____ ____
Building construction..........

Average weekly
earnings

Pay roll

Em ploym ent

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—

July
1936

A ver­
age in
August
August 1936
1935

July
1936

August
1936
July
1936

August
1935

(.1923-25
= 100)
88.9
61.0

+ 2.3
+ .5

+ 8 .4
+ 7 .8

(.1923-25
= 100)
81.0
(2)

+ 4 .1
(2)

+ 17.2
(2)

$22.66
(2)

+ 1 .8
(2)

+ 8 .1
(2)

(1929=
100)
41.1
76.9
61.6

-1 5 .0
+ 1 .9
+ .6

+ 6 .3
+ 4 .8
+33.0

(1929=
100)
31.4
65.4
48.2

-1 5 .5
+ 4 .4
+ 4 .6

+11.0
+42.7
+44.1

22. 25
21.51
24. 33

-.5
+ 2 .5
+ 4 .0

+ 4 .7
+36.4
+ 8 .3

55.3

+ 1 .7

+ 8 .5

46.2

+ 5 .4

+27.2

20.88

+ 3 .6

+17.3

75.0

-.6

-1 .7

59.7

- 1 .7

+ 1 .4

29. 34

- 1 .0

+ 3 .1

73.5

+ .6

+ 4 .3

81.2

+ 1 .6

+ 7 .5

29.41

+ 1 .0

+ 3 .1

93.1

+ 1 .5

+ 7 .3

89.8

+ 00

+ 8 .4

30.81

-1 .4

+ 1 .0

72.4

_(3)

+ 1 .8

66.5

+ .1

+ 5 .1

30.05

+ .2

+ 3 .4

86.3
82.4

+ 1.1
- 1 .0

+ 4 .3
+ 5 .6

69.7
64.4

+ 1 .0
—1.1

+ 7 .5
+ 8 .6

28.84
21.00

-0 0
-.2

+ 3 .1
+ 2 .9

89.4

-1 .4

+ 7 .6

76.4

-1 .2

+ 9 .8

17.78

+ .2

+ 2 .1

80.5
83.2
89.7
83.5
(2)
(2)
0

-.9
-.1
-.8
-2 .2
+ 1.1
+ .1
+ 6 .1

+ 5 .1
+ 3 .1
+ 6 .6
+ 5 .2
+18.5
+• 6
+ 23.8

61.9
66.1
76.8
63.2
(2)
(2)
(2)

-1 .1
+ .2
-2 .8
-2 .5
+ .7
-.2
+ 9 .6

+ 8 .2
+ 6 .6
+ 11.0
+ 8 .7
+ 24.4
+ 5 .9
+41.5

23.51
13. 75
16. 07
18.42
37.40
38.20
27. 77

- .2
+• 3
-2 .0
-.2
-.4
- .2
+ 3 .3

+ 2 .9
+ 3 .5
+ 4 .1
+ 3 .3
+ 5 .1
+ 5 .3
+ 14.7

1 Preliminary. Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
2 N ot available.
3 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
4 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be com puted.




August
1935

5

Public Employment

Construction projects financed from Public Works Administration
funds employed 343,000 workers in August, a decrease of 4,000 com­
pared with the number employed in July. Employment decreases
were registered on Federal and non-Federal projects financed from
funds provided by the National Industrial Recovery Act, but the
number of employees working on non-Federal Public Works projects
financed from funds released under the Emergency Relief Appropri­
ation Act of 1935 increased from 181,000 in July to 184,000 in August.
Total pay-roll disbursements were $25,916,000 compared with
$25,969,000 for July.
In August 147,000 workers were employed on projects financed
from regular governmental appropriations, an increase of 16.0 per­
cent compared with July. The most substantial gain in number of
workers employed, more than 13,000, occurred on river, harbor, and
flood-control projects. Significant percentage increases in employ­
ment were registered in water and sewerage, river, harbor, and flood
control, and electrification construction projects. Total pay-roll
disbursements of $13,423,000 were $998,000 greater than in July.
The number of wage earners employed on construction projects
financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in August re­
mained virtually the same as in July. In August 9,700 workers were
employed. Losses in employment on bridge construction, building
construction, and miscellaneous projects were offset by a substantial
increase in the number of workers employed on water and sewerage
construction. Total pay-roll disbursements of $1,066,000 were $2,000
more than in July.
Projects financed by The Works Program employed 2,915,000
workers in August, an increase of 51,000 compared with July. Vir­
tually all of this increase occurred on projects operated by the Works
Progress Administration and was accounted for wholly by additional
employees in the drought area. Total pay-roll disbursements increased
from $145,474,000 in July to $147,526,000 in August.
In the regular services of the Federal Government small percentage
increases in employment were reported for the legislative, military,
and executive services. A decrease was registered in the judicial
service. The number of employees in the executive service increased
less than 1 percent in August compared with the previous month.
It was 8.0 percent greater than in August 1935. Of the 835,000
employees in the service in August 1936, 116,000 were working in the
District of Columbia and 719,000 outside the District. The most
marked increases in the number of persons employed in the executive
departments of the Federal Government occurred in the War Depart­
ment, the Post Office Department, the Works Progress Administra­
tion, and the Department of Agriculture. Decreases in employment,
97927— 36------ 2




6

on the other hand, occurred in the Resettlement Administration, the
Interior Department, and the Department of Labor.
Employment in emergency conservation work (Civilian Conserva­
tion Corps) decreased from 404,000 in July to 384,000 in August.
The greater part of this decrease occurred in enrolled personnel and
was caused by the end of an enlistment period. Decreases were
reported in the number of enrolled workers and in supervisory and
technical workers. A small increase, however, occurred in the
number of Reserve officers and educational advisers employed on the
work. Total pay-roll disbursements amounted to $17,846,000 com­
pared with $18,418,000 in July.
The number of workers employed on the construction and main­
tenance of State roads was 186,000 in August compared with 187,000
in July. Eighty-six percent of the total number of workers were
engaged in maintenance work. Compared with the 165,000 in July,
however, the number of workers engaged on maintenance of State
roads dropped 6,000. Employment on the construction of new roads
was 27,000, an increase of 23.0 percent over the preceding month.
Total pay-roll disbursements increased from $11,839,215 in July to
$11,937,585 in August.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for
July and August is presented in table 2.
Table 2.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, August 1936
[Preliminary figures]
P ay roll

Employment
Class
August

Federal Service:
Executive 1................................... .
Judicial...... ............ ..........................
Legislative.........................................
M ilitary.............................................
Construction projects:
Financed b y P. W . A .....................
Financed b y R. F. C ..... ................
Financed b y regular governmen­
tal appropriations........................
T he W orks Program: 8
Federal projects...............................
Projects operated b y W . P. A ___
Relief work: Emergency conserva­
tion w ork..................... ............. ..........

July

Per­
centage
change

2 834,504
1,835
5,295
300.960

830,861
1,867
5,137
299,314

< 342,901
# 9,658

« 347,346
7 9,843

- 1 .3
- 1 .9

August

July

+ 0 .4 $127,434,417 3$128,167,190
-1 .7
497,178
494,414
+ 3.1
1, 202,281
1, 214,546
+ .5
22,960,038
23,464,766
* 25,916, 299
e 1,065, 744

Per­
centage
change

-0 .6
+. 6
+ 1 .0
- 2 .2

* 25,968,991
7 1,063, 728

- .2
+ .2

146,822

126,176

+16.4

13,423,023

12,424,667

+ 8 .0

451.960
2,462,590

451,570
2,412,462

+. 1
+ 2.1

22,794,588
124, 731,158

22,699, 760
122, 774,427

+ .4
+ 1 .6

®383,554

io 404,422

-5 .2

• 17,845,965

io 18,417,986

- 3 .1

1 Data concerning number of wage earners refer to employment on last day of month specified. Includes
employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
2 Includes 774 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer; not actual additions
for August.
3 Revised.
* Includes 191,433 wage earners and $12,892,537 pay roll covering P. W . A., projects financed from
E. R. A. A. 1935 funds.
4 Includes 188,076 wage earners and $12,277,476 pay roll covering P. W . A. projects financed from
E. R. A. A . 1935 funds.
6 Includes 298 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $20,169 on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage
Co.
7 Includes 280 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $19,663 on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage
Co.
8 Data covering P. W . A. projects financed from E. R . A. A. 1935 funds are not included in The Works
Program and shown only under P. W . A.
• 41,402 employees and pay roll of $5,745,459 also included in executive service.
10 41,507 employees and pay roll of $5,676,556 also included in executive service ■




7

Detailed Reports for August 1936
Industrial and Business Employment
ON TH LY reports on employment and pay rolls in industrial
and business industries are now available for the following
groups: 90 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing indus­
tries, including building construction; and class I steam railroads.
The reports for the first two of these groups— manufacturing and
nonmanufacturing— are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, and in virtually all industries the samples are
sufficiently large to be entirely representative. The figures on class
I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commis­
sion and are presented in the foregoing summary.

M

Employment, Pay R olls, Hours, and Earnings in A ugust 1936
T h e indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in August 1936 are
shown in table 3. Percentage changes from July 1936 and August
1935 are also given.




Table 3.-—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, August 1936
Employment

Industry
Index
August
1936

Percentage
change from—
July
1936

Average weekly earn­
ings 1

Pay rolls

August
1935

Index
August
1936

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
August
1936

July
1936

Average hours worked
per w e e k »

August
1935

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
August
1936

July
1936

Average hourly earn­
ings 1

August
1935

August
1936
July
1936

August
1935

July
1936

August
1935

- ( 2)

Manufacturing (•indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25— 100)
111 m anufacturing industries________________

88.9

+ 2.3

+ 8.4

81.0

+ 4 .1

+17.2

$22.66

+ 1 .8

+ 8 .1

39.4

+ 2 .3

+ 7 .5

Cents
57.1

- 0 .6

Durable goods_____________________________
Nondurable goods_______ _________________

79.9
88.7

+ .3
+ 4 .3

+13.3
+ 4.7

73.0
91.3

+ 1 .2
+ 7 .2

+25.9
+ 9 .6

25.03
20.36

+ 1 .0
+ 2 .7

+11.1
+ 4 .8

40.4
38.4

+ 1 .7
+ 3 .0

+ 9 .6
+ 5 .3

61.4
53.0

-.6
-.3

+ 0 .9
- 1 .0

85.4
87.0
89.6
62.3

+ 1 .9
+ 1 .4
+• 7
+ 1.3

+16.7
+ 18.0
+16.2
+21.7

80.0
85.8
82.2
43.7

+ 5 .5
+ 4 .5
+ 4 .7
+ 3 .6

+34.7
+39.4
+34.1
+50.1

25.68
27.29
23. 59
19.85

+ 3 .5
+ 3 .1
+ 4 .0
+ 2 .3

+15.5
+18.0
+15.5
+23.2

40.8
40.9
40.9
39.5

+ 3 .9
+ 3 .9
+ 3 .2
+ 1 .8

+ 13.2
+17.1
+ 15.1
+24.3

62.0
66.8
57.7
49.7

+ .2
-.1
+ .7
- .2

+ 1 .5
+ 1 .4
+ .1
-1 .4

77.0
68.8
48.9
96.3

+ 4.1
-.1
-1 0 .5
+ .9

+ 1 .9
+18.9
+ .7
+ 3.1

66.9
54.5
44.3
64.2

+11.4
+ 5 .1
-9 .6
+10.5

+17.0
+28.9
+12.3
+ 9 .3

21. 54
25.16
21.28
22.03

+ 7 .0
+ 5 .2
+ .9
+ 9 .5

+14.9
+ 8 .3
+11.3
+ 6 .0

41.0
40.0
39.1
39.2

+ 7 .3
+ 3 .4
+ 3 .7
+ 7 .0

+12.6
+ 6 .0
+11.7
+ 3 .0

52.8
63.1
54.7
56.1

+ .1
+ 1 .8
-2 .2
+ 2 .3

+ 2 .6
+ 2 .0
-.5
+ 2 .8

66.1
115.0
79.4
111.0

+ 4 .7
+ 7 .6
+ 5 .4
+ 6 .5

+24.7
+12.7
+37.0
+ 6 .7

51.9
96.7
70.6
113.2

+11.3
+17.5
+ 6 .9
+10.5

+42.5
+20.3
+60.9
+ 9 .2

25.09
24.01
24. 70
22, 23

+ 6 .2
+ 9 .1
+ 1 .4
+ 3 .8

+14.3
+ 6 .5
+17.5
+ 2 .5

42.6
41.0
42.6
41.4

+ 4 .9
+ 4 .9
+ 1 .4
+ 4 .1

+13.3
+ 5 .2
+ 17.7
-.7

58.7
58.7
58.1
53.7

+ 1 .3
+ 3 .4
-.1
+ .1

+. 6
+ 1 .0
+. 2
+ 2 .4

76.3
141.9

+ 2 .6
-.3

+27.2
+19.6

77.0
127.8

+ 7 .2
-1 .6

+ 39.4
+32.7

22.94
20.81

+ 4 .5
-1 .4

+ 9 .7
+10.9

42.6
37.7

+ 5 .0
-.7

+ 9 .3
+ 12.1

53.9
55.3

-.4
-.7

+ .7
-1 .9

101.2
104.1

+ .7
-1 2 .1

+15.9
-1 1 .6

88.8
112.2

+ 1 .4
-1 4 .0

+24.7
-1 8 .4

24.88
22.04

+. 6
-2 .2

+ 7 .5
- 7 .5

40.8
36.6

+ 1 .0
-3 .0

+ 6 .9
- 8 .1

60.3
60.9

-.9
+ 1 .4

~ ( 2)
+ .9

101.7 -1 2 .2
81.4
+ .7
109.1.
- 4 .2
89.7 , + 1 .7

-.2
+15.6
+ 7 .9
+21.1

85.3
72.4
81.7
79.9

-1 5 .5
-.4
-2 .9
+ 3 .3

-.5
+ 25.2
+10.5
+ 33.2

27. 63
24. 55
27.22
25.16

- 3 .7
- 1 .0
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .6

-.2
+ 8 .1
+ 2 .4
+ 9 .8

40.2
39.7
39.1
41.8

-2 .0
+ .1
-.3
+ 1 .0

+. 6
+ 7 .6
- 1 .1
+ 9 .3

69.6
60.4
69.7
59.8

- 1 .4
-.3
+ 1 .6
-1 .7

- 1 .1
+. 9
+ 3 .8
- 1 .3

Durable goods
ron and steel and their products, n o t in ­
cluding m achinery__________________________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m ills. _
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets_____________
Cast-iron pipe_______________________________
Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut­
lery), and edge tools_____ _________________
Forgings, iron and steel______________________
H a r d w a r e ..____________ ______. ____________
Plumbers’ supplies__________________________
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings.._____ ______________________
Stoves_____________________ _ _______________
Structural and ornamental metalwork_______
Tin cans and other tinware____ _________ ___
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools, files, and saws)_____________________
W irework_______ ________________
. __ . . .
Machinery, n o t including transportation
e q u ip m e n t____ _________________________
Agricultural implements____________________
Cash registers, adding machines, and cal­
culating machines_______________
____
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products................




Machine tools_______________________________
Radios and phonographs____________________
Textile machinery and parts------------------------Typewriters and parts______________________
T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u i p m e n t - ------ ----------------Aircraft_____________________________________
Autom obiles________________________________
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad------------------Locom otives________________________________
Shipbuilding________________________________
R a ilroa d repair s h o p s _________________________
Electric railroad-------------------------------------------Steam railroad______________________________
N o n fe rr o u s m eta ls a n d their p r o d u c ts --------Aluminum manufactures___________________
Brass, bronze, and copper products---------------Clocks and watches and time-recording de­
vices______________________________________
Jewelry_____________________________________
Lighting equipment_______________________
Silverware and plated ware-------------------------Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
Stamped and enameled ware-------------------------L u m b e r a n d allied p r o d u c ts -------------------------Furniture___________________________________
Lumber:
M illw ork_______________________________
Sawmills_______ ________________________
Turpentine and rosin_______________________
S to n e , d a y , a n d glass p r o d u c t s ______________
Brick, tile, and terra cotta------------ --------------Cement________________________ ____________
Glass_______________________________________
Marble, granite, slate, and other products___
Pottery_____________________________________

28. 52
20.71
24.50
24. 69
27.56
26.07 .
28. 00
23. 30
26. 72
27. 06
27.95
28.21
27.90
32.87
23.41
24. 86

+ 3 .4
+ 5 .5
+ 2 .3
+ 1 .4
-3 .9
-1 .0
-5 .4
+ 1 .2
+ 4 .6
-1 .7
+ .2
-.9
+• 5
+ 3 .1
+ 4 .1
+ 5. 3

+ 8 .7
+ 7 .8
+ 9 .8
+18.0
+13.6
- 8 .1
+13.1
+15.3
+31.6
+10.5
+ 6 .4
+ 1 .8
+ 6 .8
+ 8 .5
+ 9 .1
+10.8

44.9
39.4
40.7
43.7
36.6
42.0
36.3
38.6
41.9
35.4
41.1
44.3
40.8
41.0
41.6
42.3

+ 2 .3
+ 5 .2
+ 1 .8
+ 3 .7
- 4 .2
+ 1 .4
-5 .4
+• 7
+ 4 .3
-1 .2
-.3
- 1 .1
-.2
+ 4 .1
+ 3 .5
+ 4 .6

+ 6 .7
+ 7 .3
+10.2
+18.9
+11,3
-.6
+11.4
+14.8
+32.3
+ 8 .6
+ 5 .5
-.5
+ 6 .4
+ 7 .9
+ 4 .5
+ 9 .5

63.6
52.8
60.1
56.5
75.1
63.9
77.3
60.4
63.7
75.9
68.1
62.2
68.5
55.5
56.2
58.9

+ 1 .1
+ .5
+• 3
- 2 .2
-.6
-2 .6
-.1
+ .5
+ .3
—.7
+ .8
+ .3
+ .8
- 1 .1
+ .5
+ .7

+ 1 .6
+ .6
-.9
-.7
+ .9
- 2 .3
+ 2 .2
+ .7
-.4
+ 2 .7
+ .7
+ 1 .5
+ .6
+ .8
+ 4 .0
+ .7

+23.5
+17.8
+20.1
-1 .8
+23.8
+19.1
+18.7
+23.6

20. 60
21.87
21.82
21.66
23.83
20. 60
20.14
20.05

-3 .9
+ 8 .6
-1 .8
+ 6 .5
+ 1 .3
+ 4 .0
+ 6 .1
+ 7 .6

+ 3 .8
+ 7 .2
+ 2 .2
+ 3. 5
+13.0
+ 8 .2
+10.3
+ 9 .6

40.5
40.8
39.7
37.4
41.1
40.8
42.9
44.2

-3 .2
+12.0
+ 1 .8
+13.8
+ 1 .4
+ 5 .9
+ 5 .3
+ 8 .0

+ 2 .0
+ 8 .1
+ 3 .4
+ 8 .5
+ 9 .2
+ 7 .2
+ 7 .8
+ 8 .6

50.9
54.3
55.0
57.7
58.0
50.8
46.5
45.7

-.7
- 3 .9
- 3 .6
-6 .5
-.2
- 1 .3 .
+ .6
+ .2

+ 1 .4
-1 .4
-1 .6
- 4 .9
+ 3 .6
+ 1 .4
+ .4
+ 2 .4

+10.7
+ 3 .5
+ 1 .5
+ 5 .5
+ 2 .9
+ 3 .9
+ 5 .7
+ 7 .6
+ 9 .3

+29.5
+11.4
+• 7
+25.9
+51.6
+36.0
+14.5
+43.7
+12.9

20. 89
20.15
14. 01
31. 71
19. 21
23.26
22.48
26.47
20.43

+ 5 .1
+ 5 .6
—1.1
+ 4 .1
+ 2 .2
+ 2 .2
+ 4 .8
+ 3 .1
+ 7 .2

+13. 2
+ 8 .2
—1.9
+13.7
+ 18.2
+ 19.7
+ 11.8
+ 18.0
+ 10.6

44.5
42.1

+ 5 .4
+ 4 .1

+13.1
+ 8 .1

47.0
48.5

- .1
+ 1 .5

-.1
-.4

39.5
43.1
40.0
36.9
39.0
40.3

+ 3 .5
+ 3 .0
+ 1 .7
+ 3. 5
+ 2 .1
+ 6 .7

+13.4
+ 21.2
+16.1
+ 5 .1
+18.3
+14.3

56.1
44.5
58.1
61.0
68.4
54.7

+ .5
-1 .0
+• 4
+ 1 .2
+ .6
+ .2

+ 3 .3
-2 .3
+ 3 .4
+ 6 .6
+ .7
-.1

+12.9
+ 7 .5
+10.9
+ 5 .0
+ 8 .2
+ 6 .1
+13.3
+13.0
+10.6
+ 3 .2
+24.9
+ 8 .2
+46.6

+ 9 .0
+ 10.2
- 3 .2
+30.8
+21.1
+ 6 .9
-.7
+11.4
- 7 .8
- 7 .6
+ 6 .9
+ 3. 7
+ 8 .6

16. 99
16.41
20.93
13.86
17. 35
20.66
26. 54
17.57
16.17
18.09
18. 67
19.15
20.82

+ 7 .1
+ 4 .1
+ 7 .3
+ 1 .9
+ 4 .0
+ 4 .4
+10.7
+ 8 .9
+ 4 .2
+ 1. o
+13.2
+ 5 .6
+ 20.4

+ 3 .9
+ 4 .2
-1 .8
+11.0
+ 8 .7
+ 5 .7
+ 2 .9
+ 5 .9
+ 2 .4
-0 0
+• 5
+ 1 .0
'- 1 . 3

36.8
37.9
37.1
38.0
39.0
40.5
40.2
37.6
38.3
36.5
34.3
32.9
34.7

+ 4 .6
+ 3 .6
+ 6 .7
+ 1. 5
+ 3 .3
+ 5 .0
+12.3
+ 7 .9
+ 4 .8
+ 1 .3
+ 7 .6
+ 6 .4
+11.8

+ 7 .7
+ 9 .4
+• 2
+ 14.2
+10.5
+11.1
+ 6 .6
+ 9 .3
+ 8 .2
+ .2
+ 5 .0
+ 6 .4
+4.. 5

46.3
43.5
56.4
36.3
44.2
50.7
68.6
48.0
42.3
49.7
52.0
56.1
56.0

+ 1 .3
+ .2
+ .5
+ .2
+ .2
-.7
+• 7
+ 1 .2
-.5
-.3
+ 2 .6
-.1
+ 5 .1

- 4 .1
-3 .6
- .3
-2 .6
-.6
- 5 .5
-.9
—2.2
-4 .8
-.3
+ 5 .6
-3 .9
-8 .0

102.8
172.2
63.8
92.8
82.3
401.4
83.4
75.7
24.0
91.5
59.7
61.3
59.7
79.1
86.1
78.1

-.2
+14.9
+ 3 .6
+ 8 .8
-1 1 .8
- 4 .3
-1 6 .2
+15.2
+ 1 .4
- 1 .2
+ 2 .9
-.6
+ 3 .3
+ 7 .5
+ 4 .4
+ 8 .0

+27.8
+28.6
+26.3
+16.0
+25.8
+ 6.1
+15.4
+147.0
+129. 8
+48.6
+21.8
+ 2 .9
+23.8
+22.3
+31.0
+27.9

+19.0
+9.9
+17.2
- 5 .2
+ 9.7
+10.1
+7.6
+12.6

85.0
64.6
77.2
51.0
65.9
98.0
52.7
69.1

+1. 5
+22. 3
+ 3 .9
+28.5
+• 3
+ 6 .6
+ 8.7
+14.3

+ 5.3
- 1 .9
+ 2 .6
+ 1 .3
+ .8
+ 1 .7
* + .9
+ 4 .4
+ 2 .0

+14.4
+ 3.0
+ 2.7
+10.7
+28.3
+13.4
+ 2.3
+21.9
+ 2.0

48.9
31.1
59.7
51.5
32.2
48.7
94.2
29.5
52.6

+ 5 .4
+ 3 .3
+ 3 .3
+ 3.1
+ 4 .0
+ 1 .6
+ 2 .3
+ 3 .8
+ 6.1
+ 2 .2
+10.4
+ 2 .4
+21.7

+ 5.9
+ 5.7
- 1 .5
+18.0
+11.5
+ .9
-3 .5
+ 5.1
-1 0 .0
- 7 .6
+ 6.4
+ 2.6
+10.1

86.0
84.3
78.0
84.8
77.9
90.2
99.2
117.5
60.0
71.1
84.2
77.0
106.3

108.0
255.0
71.9
96.1
92.7
523.1
97.0
68.3
43.7
97.2
60.5
65.9
60.1
92.4
90.6
90.4

- 3 .6
+17.5
+ 8 .9 +19.3
+ 1.2
+15.0
+ 7.3
- 1 .5
—8.2 +10.9
- 3 .4
+15.4
-1 1 .5
+ 2.0
+13.9 +113.7
- 3 .0
+74.7
+• 5 +34.3
+ 2.7
+14.6
+ 1.0
+• 3
+ 2.8
+15.8
+ 4 .2
+12.7
+• 4 +20.1
+15.5
+ 2 .6

96.0
79.7
84.0
66.2
88.6
112.2
59.5
82.6

+ 5.6
+12.5
+5. 8
+20.6
- 1 .0
+ 2 .5
+ 2 .4
+ 6.3

54.3
37.7
101.8
61.9
43.3
61.1
97.9
36.1
68.3

98.4
95.0
82.5
96.3
85.9
103.9
87.3
116.1
67.9
89.9
102.1
96.0
133.6

Nondurable goods
Textiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts __________________
Fabrics_____________________________________
Carpets and rugs________________________
Cotton goods____________________________
Cotton small wares_____________________
Dyeing and finishing textiles____________
Hats, fur-felt____________________________
K nit goods______________________________
Silk and rayon goods____________________
W oolen and worsted goods______________
Wearing apparel------------------------------------------Clothing, m en’s_________________________
Clothing, wom en’s ......................................
See footnotes at end of table.




Table S.-—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, August 1936-—Continued

Industry
Index
August
1936

Percentage
change from—
July

Average weekly earn­
ings

Pay rolls

Employment

Index
August
1936
August
1935

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
August
1936

July
1936

Average hours worked
per week

August
1935

Percentage
change from—
August
1936

July
1936

Average hourly earn­
ings

August
1935

Percentage
change from—
August
1936

July
1936

August
1935

July

August
1935

Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 1 9 2 3 -2 5 = 1 0 0 ) — Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
T extiles a n d th eir p r o d u c ts —Continued.
Corsets and allied garments___________
M en ’s furnishings_________ ____________
M illinery.......... ....................... ....................
Shirts and collars______________________
L e a th er a n d its m a n u fa c t u r e s ________ _____
Boots and shoes_________ __________________
Leather-------------------------------------- --------------F o o d a n d k in d red p r o d u c t s .. . ............. ..........
Baking_______ _____________________________
Beverages_____ _______________________ ____
Butter______________________________ ______
Canning and preserving----------------------------Confectionery._____ _______________________
Flour............ ...................... .......... .......... ...........
Ice cream______________________ ___________
Slaughtering and meat packing____________
Sugar, beet--------------- --------------- -----------------Sugar refining, cane_____________ __________
T o b a c c o m a n u fa c t u r e s _____________________
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. __
Cigars and cigarettes______________________
P a p er a n d p r in t in g ----------- --------------------------Boxes, paper-------- ---------- ---------------------------Paper and pulp_________________________ —
Printing and publishing:
B ook and jo b _ _ -----------------------------------Newspapers and periodicals____________




+.7

+ ( 2)
+13.3
+ .5
-.6
+ 3.8
+ .3
+ 3.1
+ 3.9
+ 4 .2
+ 1 .7

77.5
74.4
59.6
110.6
83.8
77.7
99.0
110.4
107.1
213.3
64.6
225.6
64.9
72.9
72.8
86.4
69.5
71.9
51.5
65.0
49.7
90.6
85.9
97.6

+ 4 .0
+ 6 .9
+62.0
+17.5
+ 8 .2
+ 9.8
+ 4.6
+6 .6
+. 1
-1 1 .0
- 1 .6
+67.2
+17.8
-1 .2
- 8 .3
+ 1 .0
+51.1
- 4 .0
+ 4.7
-.7
+ 5.6
+ 3 .3
+ 8 .2
+ 4 .7

+ 7 .0
+10.3
+13.6
+ 7 .5
+ 1 .3
- .1
+ 5 .2
+ 9 .4
+11.9
+12.4
+ 6 .8
- 1 .9
+ 7 .4
+10.4
+ 5 .0
+18.1
- 1 .7
+ .8
+10.5
-.2
+12.5
+ 9 .2
+ 9 .2
+11.9

$15. 54
13.50
22.11
13.55
19.93
19. 32
22.01
31.39
23.12
32.62
21.34
14. 73
16.31
24.42
26.26
23.90
21.25
22.34
15. 47
15.51
15.46
25.91
19.63
22.35

+ 3.1
+ 4 .2
+21.4
+10.7
+ 4 .9
+ 6 .0
+ 2 .7
-.9
-.5
-8 .7
+. 4
+15.2
+ 7 .0
-.4
-3 .4
+ .2
- 7 .6
- 5 .0
+ .7
-1 .6
+ 1 .1
+ 1 .6
+ 4 .4
+ 4 .0

+ 9 .9
-5 .4
+ 1 .6
+ 2.1
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .3
+ 5 .5
+ 6 .5
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .7
+ 5 .0
+ 3 .7
+ 11.6
+ 4 .8
+ 4 .3
-2 .3
+ 1 .6
+ 7 .6
-.6
+ 9 .1
+ 5 .3
+ 4 .8
+10.1

+ 3 .6
+ .1

+ 6 .4
+ 3.6

82.1
93.9

+ 4.1
+ .5

+ 7 .4
+ 8 .9

27.28
34.70

+ .4
+ .4

+ .7
+ 4 .8

82.9
114.2
64.1
111.3
89.7
88.1
96.2
115.9
117.3
199.1
79.1
182.7
72.4
75.5
85.9
89.9
77.5
81.5
§9.5
64.6
58.8
99.6
88.9
110.7

+ 0 .9
+ 2.6
+33.5
+ 6 .2
+3 .2
+ 3.6
1.8
+ 7 .6
+ .7
- 2 .5

+ 10.0

93.2
100.0

+
-

2. 0

+45.2

-.7
- 5 .0
+. 8
+63.5

++ 41.1
.0

+ .9
+ 4.5
+ 1.7
+ 3 .7

-

2.8

+16.5
+11.4
+ 5.1
-.4
-

1.1

+ 1.9
+ 3.7
+ 5.1

+ 11.2
+ 2 .9
- 6 .7
+ 3 .7
-

1.0

33.7
34.7

-1 .9
-8 .4

+14.2
-.6

Cents
45.6
33.3

+ 3 .9
+ 5 .4

- 0 .8
-1 0 .3

36.3
39.5
39.5
39.5
41.5
42.1
42.0

+ 8 .6
+ 4 .5
+ 4 .9
+ 2 .8
+• 5
+ 1 .3
-7 .8

+ 6 .8
+ 3 .3
+ 3 .8
+ 1 .7
+ 3 .3
+ 9 .0
-.2

37.1
51.0
49.6
56.0
52.2
55.1
78.1

-.6
+ .3
+ .4
+ .2
- 2 .1
+ .9
-1 .2

- 5 .0
- 1 .8
- 3 .2
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .4
+ 1 .0
+ 1 .3

38.9
38.4
45.6
48.2
42.7
40.2
36.9
38.3
35.0
38.8
39.0
41.0
41.6

+16.7
+ 6 .2
-.9
-5 .8
-.1
+ 2 .2
- 4 .7
+ 1 .1
-1 .6
+ 1 .4
+ 3 .3
+ 4 .7
+ 3 .7

-.3
+ 4 .9
+12.3
+ 2 .5
+ 6 .4
- 9 .5
- 2 .9
+ 7 .6
- 2 .1
+ 8 .9
+ 4 .5
+ 6 .5
+ 8 .5

38.9
42.8
53.7
54.2
55.9
53.2
59.6
40.7
44.5
40.1
69.2
48.2
53.9

+ .7
+ .5
- .1
+ .4
-(* )
-1 0 .9
-.6
-.6
-.1
-.6
-.7
-.3
+ .2

+ 3 .3
- 1 .7
- 1 .0
+ .6
-2 .0
+ 7 .4
+ 4 .2
-.5
+ 2 .0
-.2
+ (2)
- 1 .4
+ 1 .8

37.9
36.4

+ .9
+ .9

+ 1 .5
+ 1 .2

72.6
92.1

-.9
-.8

- 2 .0
+ .6

M
O

Chemicals and allied products, and petro­
leum refining_________________________ _____
Other than petroleum refining_______________
Chemicals_____ _______________________
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal................
Druggists’ preparations ________________
Explosives____ _________________________
Fertilizers............................................. ..........
Paints and varnishes________ ______ _____
Rayon and allied products........................
Soap_______________________ ____________
Petroleum refining_____ ____ ________________
Rubber products.................. ..................... ..............
R ubber boots and shoes._____ ______________
R ubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes______ ____________________
Rubber tires and inner tu b e s..______________

111.4
111.4
115.8
41.5
96.4
94.3
70.0
111.3
362.9
103.4
111. 1
88.1
62.7

+ .7
+ 1.5
+. 4
+10.9
+• 1
+ 2.4
+ 3 .8
- 1 .4
+ 2 .7
+ 9 .3
- 2 .6
+ 1 .4
+ 4.3

+3.2
+ 4.2
+ 7.6
-3 0 .4
-1 .0
+9.1
+ 7
+5.4
+6.6
+ 5.5
- 1 .0
+11.4
+ 8.9

105.2
105.1
113.2
46.3
98.8
92.6
67.8
100.1
284.4
102.6
105.5
84.0
56.8

+1. 6
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .5
+13.9
+ 4 .4
+ 4 .9
+ 5 .7
-.3
+ 4 .3
+ 9 .7
- 2 .2
+ 4 .3
+10.3

+ 8 .5
+10.2
+12.3
-2 5 .9
+ 7 .3
+20.3
+ 7.1
+14.0
+12.2
+ 9 .3
+ 2 .9
+30.6
+14.9

24. 76
22.86
26.44
11.29
22.82
27.51
14.92
25. 27
20. 72
23. 90
29.41
26.50
20.13

+ .9
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .0
+ 2 .6
+ 4 .2
+ 2 .5
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .1
+ 1 .5
+ .3
+ .4
+ 2 .9
+ 5 .7

+ 5 .0
+ 5 .7
+ 4 .4
+ 6 .4
+ 8 .4
+10.3
+ 6 .1
+ 8 .3
+ 5 .3
+ 3 .6
+ 3 .9
+17.2
+ 5 .5

39.1
40.4
40.7
47.2
40.5
39.4
38.7
41.8
39.3
40.3
35.3
37.4
38.6

+ 1 .5
+ 2.1
+ 2 .5
+ 1 .0
+ 5 .0
+ 3 .8
+ 2.1
+ 1 .2
+ 1 .5
+ 2 .3
-.6
+19
+ 5 .0

+ 3 .5
+ 3 .8
+ 1 .7
+ 9 .8
+ 9 .9
+ 6 .6
+ 9 .8
+ 6 .7
+ 2 .3
+ 5 .2
+ .8
+11.9
+ 5 .2

64.2
57.1
65.0
24.2
54.6
69.8
38.5
60.3
52.8
59.7
83.9
70.9
52.1

-.4
-.6
-.4
+ 1 .0
+ .3
- 1 .3
-.3
_(2)
“ (2)
- 1 .9
+ 1.1
+ 1 .0
+ .7

+ 2.7
+ 3 .0
+ 2 .9
-2 .5
-.1
+ 3 .9
-2 .8
+ 1 .8
+ 3 .2
- 1 .5
+ 3 .1
+ 3 .8
+ .5

126.6
79.8

—1.2
+ 2.4

+8.1
+14.5

119.0
78.1

+ 3 .9
+ 3 .6

+20.7
+40.1

20.81
31.36

+ 5. 2
+ 1 .2

+11.7
+22.3

39.1
35.8

+ 3 .2
+ .1

+ 9 .9
+17.4

53.6
87.8

+ 1.1
+ .5

+ 2 .4
+ 4.1

83.9
81.0
59.3
47.3
77.3

+ 0.3
+ 1.1
+ .3
_(2)
- .4

+ 1.1
. + 8 .9
+ .3
-.4
- 2 .0
+ 1 .0

Nonmanufacturing (indexes are based on 12-month average 1929 — 100)
Coal mining:
Anthracite_______________ __________________
B itum inous...........................................................
Metalliferous mining........... .....................................
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining____ _________
Crude-petroleum producing_____________________
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph. ___________________
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas— -------------------------------- ------------- --------Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and
maintenance_________ ____ ________________
Trade:
Wholesale____ _______ ________________ _____
R etail.____________ ________________________
General merchandising__________________
Other than general merchandising_______
Hotels (year-round)3_____ ______________________
Laundries------------------------------------- ---------- -----------Dyeing and c l e a n i n g . ____ _____________________
Brokerage------ ---------- -----------------------------------------Insurance-------- ---------- ----------------------------------------Building construction_______________ . . . ______

41.1
76.9
61.6
55.3
75.0

-1 5 .0
+ 1.9
+ .6
+ 1 .7
-.6

+6.3
+ 4.8
+33.0
+8.5
- 1 .7

31.4
65.4
48.2
46.2
59.7

-1 5 .5
+ 4 .4
+ 4 .6
+ 5 .4
- 1 .7

+11.0
+42.7
+44.1
+27.2
+ 1 .4

$22. 25
21.51
24.33
20.88
29.34

-0 .5
+ 2 .5
+ 4 .0
+ 3 .6
-1 .0

+ 4 .7
+36.4
+ 8 .3
+17.3
+ 3 .1

26.6
26.8
41.1
43.8
38.0

- 1 .2
+ 1. 7
+ 3 .6
+ 3.1
-.7

+ 7 .8
+26.2
+ 8 .4
+16.4
+ 4.1

73.5

+ .6

+4.3

81.2

+ 1 .6

+ 7 .5

29.41

+ 1 .0

+ 3.1

39.9

+ 1 .7

+ 2 .5

77.2

-.3

93.1

+ 1.5

+ 7.3

89.8

+ (2)

+ 8 .4

30.81

-1 .4

+ 1 .0

40.2

- 1 .3

+ 1 .3

76.3

-.3

-.4

72.4

-( * )

+ 1.8

66.5

+ .1

+ 5.1

30.05

+ .2

+ 3 .4

46.3

—. 2

+ 2 .0

63.9

+ .2

+ 1 .9

86.3
82.4
89.4
80.5
83.2
89.7
83.5
(4)
(4)
(4)

+ 1.1
- 1 .0
- 1 .4
-.9
-.1
-.8
- 2 .2
+ 1.1
+• 1
+ 6.1

+ 4.3
+ 5.6
+ 7.6
+5.1
+3.1
+6.6
+ 5.2
+18.5
+• 6
+23.8

69.7
64.4
76.4
61.9
66.1
76.8
63.2
(*)
(0
(4)

+ 1 .0
- 1 .1
-1 .2
- 1 .1
+• 2
-2 .8
-2 .5
+ .7
-.2
+ 9 .6

+ 7 .5
+ 8 .6
+ 9 .8
+ 8 .1
+ 6 .6
+11.0
+ 8 .7
+24.4
+ 5 .9
+41.5

28.84
21.00
17. 78
23. 51
13. 75
16.07
18.42
37.40
38.20
27.77

~ ( 2)
-.1
+ .2
-.2
+ .3
-2 .0
-.2
-.4
-.3
+ 3 .3

+ 3.1
+ 2 .9
+ 2 .1
+ 2 .9
+ 3 .5
+ 4.1
+ 3 .3
+ 5.1
+ 5 .3
+14.7

42.5
43.5
39.9
44.6
48.2
42.9
43.2
(<)
(<)
32.9

-.2
_(2)
-.1
“ (2)
-.1
-1 .6
-.4
(*)
(<)
+ 2.1

+ 1 .7
+ 2 .7
+ 4 .7
+ 2 .2
+• 7
+ 3 .6
+ 3 .4
0)
(4)
+11.0

67.7
53.0
48.2
54.5
28.3
37.3
43.1
0)
(4)
84.7

+ .1
+• 1
+ 1 .0
- .1
+ .4
0
-.3
(4)
(4)
+ 1 .0

+. 8
+ .4
-1 .7
+ .8
+ 2 .5
+ .7
+ .8
(*)
(<)
+ 3 .3

1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied b y
a smaller number of establishments as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year are computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month in
average weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing industries combined, and for retail trade are also computed from indexes.
2 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
3 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
4 N ot available.




12
Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1935 to August 1936

Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in tables 4 and 5 for
all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondur­
able-goods groups of manufacturing industries separately, and for 13
nonmanufacturing industries including 2 subgroups under retail
trade, by months, January 1935 to August 1936, inclusive. The
accompanying chart indicates the trend of factory employment and
pay rolls from January 1919 to August 1936.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed from
returns supplied by representative establishments in 90 manufacturing
industries. The base used in computing these indexes is the 3-year
average 1923-25 as 100. In August 1936 reports were received from
24,786 establishments employing 4,344,219 workers whose weekly
earnings were $98,437,357. The employment reports received from
these establishments cover more than 55 percent of the total wage
earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than
65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries included in the
monthly survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes for nonmanufacturing industries are also computed
from data supplied by reporting establishments, but the base is the
12-month average for 1929 as 100.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries
are based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay
rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manufacturing Indus­
tries Combined and in the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups, January
1935 to August 1936 1
[3-year average 1923-25=100]
Manufacturing
Total

Durable goods

Nondurable goods

M onth
E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

1935

1936

1935

1936

1935

1936

1935

1936

1935

1936

1935

78.8
81.4
82.5
82.6
81.2
79.7

82.9
83.1
84.1
85.1
85.7
86.0

63.6
68.3
70.0
70.0
67.8
65.8

71.9
72.0
75.5
72.2
78.5
78.7

66.2
69.4
71.0
71.8
71.4
69.7

74.4
74.4
75.7
77.6
79.2
79.9

51.4
57.3
59.2
60.4
58.9
56.5

63.8
63.6
68.4
72.4
74.6
75.1

92.4
94.2
95.0
94. 2
91.8
90.6

92.1
92.6
93.2
93.1
92.7
92.6

79.1
82.4
83.7
82.3
79.2
77.7

82.3
82.7
84.7
83.3
83.4
83.3

July......... .......................... 79.7
August__________________ 82.0
Septem ber______________ 83.7
October_________________ 85.3
N ovem ber__ ____________ 85.0
D ecem ber__________ ____ 84.6

86.8
88.9

64.8
69.1
71.7
74.3
73.7
75.6

77.8
81.0

69.4
70.5
71.2
74.9
76.1
75.7

79.7
79.9

54.6
58.0
59.7
65.1
66.7
68.3

72.1
73.0

90.8
94.3
97.1
96.4
94.6
94.3

94.4
98.7

77.8
83.3
87.0
86.1
82.7
85.0

85.2
91.3

January_________________
February________________
M arch__________________
A pril------------------------------M a y ____________________
June____________________

Average____ ______

82.2

69.6

----

71.4

----

59.7

----

93.8

----

1936

82.2

i Comparable indexes for earlier years will be found in the February 1935 issue of this pamphlet, or in the
M a y 1935 M onthly Labor Review, supplemented b y the tables on revised indexes in the September 1935 and
July 1936 pamphlets, or the December 1935 and October 1936 issues of the M onthly Labor R eview .







14
Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1935 to August 1936 1
[12-month average 1929=100]

Anthracite mining

M onth

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Bituminous-coal
mining
E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Metalliferous mining

Quarrying and nonmetallic mining

Em ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935
57.5
64.3
38.9
49.9
49.5
66.0

54.4
76.7
42.6
28.6
56.3
42.0

80.0
81.1
81.6
74.3
75.3
77.9

79.8
80.2
80.4
77.5
76.2
75.7

44.3
44.3
45.0
46.0
44.4
46.0

54.2
55.5
55.9
57.5
60.8
61.9

30.1
29.9
30.9
31.8
31.4
31.5

January............
February.........
M a r c h ...______
A pril_________
M a y .............. .
June....... ..........

62.9
64.4
51.4
52.6
53.5
56.8

J u l y . ..............
A u g u s t ...........
September—
October______
N ovem ber-----Decem ber........

49.4 48.4 37.5 37.2 70.0 75.5 35.9 62.6 45.2 61.3 31.1 46.1 50.9 54.4 34.4 43.9
38.7 41.1 28.3 31.4 73.4 76.9 45.8 65.4 46.3 61.6 33.4 48.2 51.0 55.3 36.3 46.2
38.2
35.4
77.1
60.1 ____ 48.9
46.0
35.4
50.0
55.9
74.3
38.7 ____ 50.0
69.8
51.6
58.8
36.5
28.4
76.1
65.5
52.6
39.6
46.6
46.7
32.1
55.4
79.1
69.5
53.5
43.2
57.3
43.1 ------- 29.7 -------

Average.

59.1
61.2
52.5
49.8
54.9
51.2

1936

59.6
66.1
67.5
45.0
49.1
64.7

70.6
78.4
70.2
62.6
62.2
61.5

41.7
42.8
45.1
45.5
47.7
48.2

36.9
37.3
40.5
45.3
49.5
50.4

39.4
36.9
42.2
48.4
52.0
53.5

20.8
22.2
24.9
28.9
32.8
33.8

25.5
23.9
30.9
36.1
42.1
44.0

___
......

53.2

.....

47.5

76.7 ........

C rude-petroleum
producing

58.2

.....

47.3

33.9 ........

46.0

.....

30.7 ........

Telephone and tele­
graph

Electric light and
power, and manu­
factured gas

Electric-railroad and
m o to rb u s op era ­
tion and mainte­
nance 2

E m ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

E m ploy­
ment

M onth
E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January______
February_____
M arch________
A pril_________
M a y ____ ____
June__________

74.9
74.2
74.0
74.9
76.0
76.7

71.1
70.8
70.9
71.3
72.7
73.7

55.5
54.9
56.0
56.7
57.8
59.2

55.7
55.7
56.0
57.1
58.0
58.9

70.5
70.0
69.8
69.7
70.0
70.2

70.1
69.9
70.2
70.8
71.6
72.1

73.9
72.9
75.3
73.1
73.7
74.4

75.0
76.2
77.2
76.0
78.5
77.4

82.7
82.2
82.3
82.6
83.3
83.9

86.1
86.1
86.8
88.0
89.0
90.4

78.0
78.3
79.4
79.0
79.8
79.8

84.8
84.7
85.9
86.2
87 . 0
88.. 1

71.2
71.0
71. 3
71.4
71.6
71.7

70.7
71.7
71. 2
71.3
71.5
71.7

62.9
63.1
63. 4
63.3
63.6
63.9

65.0
68.3
67.8
65.9
66.1
66.8

July__________ 77.4 75.4 59.9 60.7 70.3 73.1 75.7 79.9 84.8 91.7 81.5 89.8 71.5 72.4 63.4 66. 5
August_______ 76.3 75.0 58.9 59.7 70.5 73. 5 75. 5 81.2 86.8 93.1 82.8 89., 8 ! 71.2 72. 4 63.3 66.5
60.9
70.4
73.8
84.5
86.9
September____ 75.1
; 71.0
64.0
84.4
57.9
74. 7
70.0
74.9
87.4
64.1
October
: 71. 1
83.4
57.2
69.8
74.9
87.6
Novem ber
73.0
! 71.1
63.8
59.9
69.6
75.6
86.8
December
71.9
86.0
j 70.5
66.1

---

---

Average.

74.9

57.9

---

---

70.1 . . . . .

74.5

84.8

81.4

71.2

63.7

1 Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found
in the Novem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues
of the M onthly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935
issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M onthly Labor Review.
2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipm ent and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.




15
Table 5.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Nonmanufacturing
Industries, January 1935 to August 1936— Continued
Wholesale trade

Month

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Total retail trade

E m ploy­
ment

Payrolls

Retail trade—gen­
eral merchandising

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

Retail trade—other
than general mer­
chandising
E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January ______
February.........
M a rc h ..._____
A pril_________
M a y ..................
Jnnf»„..........

84 ?,
84.6
84 0
83.2
82.5
82.1

July...................
August .............
Septem ber.
October............
Novem ber____
December........

82.1 85.4 64.6 69.0
82.7 86.3 64.8 69.7
67.2
83.7
85.7
66.8
86.4 ------- 66.9
86.8
68.6 ____

85.6
85.0
85.6
85.7
84.6
84.6

Average . 84.0

63.9
64.6
65.2
64 8
64.6
64.6

66.6
66.6
69.0
67.9
68.2
68.4

65.6

79.5
79; 2
80.2
83.5
82.2
82.2

80.4
79.7
81.9
85.2
85.0
85.5

59.7
59.3
60.4
62.5
62.0
62.5

62.1
61.6
63.5
65.3
65.8
66.4

87.3
86.2
88.6
94.4
91.3
91.2

73.5
72.3
74.1
77.5
76.3
76.7

76.4
73.9
77.3
81.0
80.8
81.3

77.4
77.3
78.0
80.7
79.8
79.8

78.4
78.3
79.5
82.0
82.3
82.6

79.3 83.2 60.5 65.1 85.5 90.7 72.0 77.3 77.7 81.2
78.0 82.4 59.3 64.4 83.1 89.4 69.5 76.4 76. 7 80.5
77.2
92.2
81.8
62.5
79.1
63.2
79.8
97.1
83.8
80.3
84.6 ........ 63.4
101.6 ........ 82.0 ------- 80.1
69.3
131.7
104.5
92.9
82.7 ____

___

62.1

82.3

94.2

Year-round hotels
M onth

88.2
85.1
90.9
97.4
95.5
96.4

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

78.0

79.1

Laundries
E m ploy­
ment

56.9
56.6
57.6
59.4
59.0
59.5

59.1
59.1
60.7
62.1
62.7
63.3

58.1 62.6
57.2 61.9
59.4
59.8
59.6
62.0
58.8

Dyeing and cleaning

Pay rolls

E m ploy­
ment

Pay rolls

1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
80.3
81.1
80.8
81.1
81.6
81.3

J u l y . . . ..................................... .......... .
August_____________ _____ __________
September_____ ________ _ _________
October__ ____ _____ _______________
N ovem ber_______________ ______ ____

80.3 83.3 62.1 66.0 84.4 90.5 70.9 79.0 81.7 85.5 61.5 64.8
80.7 83.2 62.0 66.1 84.2 89.7 69.2 76.8 79.4 83.5 58.2 63.2
81.1
82.1
63.1
83.0
67.9
63.1
81.6
64.3
81.9
67.1
80.4
61.1
81.5
64.8
81.3
66.7
76.3
55.4
80.8
64.2
81.1
73.4
67.5
52.9

December
Averaee

81.0

81.9
82.8
82.8
83.2
84.1
83.9

62.2
63.5
63.9
63.6
63.7
63.5

January.................... ................................
February_________ ________________ .
M arch_________ _____ ______________
A p ril.___________ __________________
M a y _____ __________________
June..........................................................

63.4

64.9
66.5
66.0
66.3
67.0
66.6

79.6
79.6
79.7
80.0
81.1
82.3

81.5

81.5
81.2
82.1
83.2
85.5
87.2

63.9
64.1
64.6
65.5
66. 6
68.2

66.9

68.3
67.8
69.9
70.9
75. 6
75.8

70.3
69.6
72.5
79.9
80.9
83. 6

71.5
70.3
74.7
81.8
87.3
87.5

77.5

50.4
49.8
53.5
61.9
61.7
65.7

51.6
49.0
56.4
64.1
72.2
69.2

57.9

Trend o f Industrial and Business Employment by States

A c o m p a r i s o n of employment and pay rolls, by States and geo­
graphic divisions, in July and August 1936 is shown in table 6 for all
groups combined and for all manufacturing industries combined,
based on data supplied by reporting establishments. The percent­
age changes shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted— that is,
the industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand
total have not been weighted according to their relative importance.
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include
figures for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the
90 manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all
groups combined include the above and each of the nonmanufactur­
ing industries, except building construction, which are also presented
in table 3.



16
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish­
ments in July and August 1936 by Geographic Divisions and by States
[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y
cooperating State organizations]
Manufacturing

Total—all groups

Geographic
division and
State

Per­
Per­
Per­
Per­
N um ­ N um ­
cent­ Am ount cent­ N um ­ N um ­
cent­ Am ount cent­
ber of ber on
ber
on
ber
of
age
of
pay
age
age
of pay
age
estab­ pay roll change roll (1 change estab­ pay roll change roll (1 changefrom
lish­ August from
week)
from
lish­ August from
week)
ments
August
July ments
1936
July
August
July
1936
July
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936

864,890
56, 940
36, 724
17, 868
470, 223
87, 632
195, 503

Dollars
+ 1.8 19,070,112
+ 2.9 1,127,536
746,316
+ 2.1
-.5
370,974
+ J .8 10,605,617
- . 1 1, 779,170
+ 2 .6 4,440,499

+ 2 .8
+ 5 .1
+ 3 .5
-.9
+ 2 .6
-.7
+ 4 .4

Middle Atlantic. _ 34,634 2,054,753
New Y ork _____
22,809 919, 776
3,589 314,421
New Jersey 4___
Pennsylvania___
8, 236 820, 556

+ 1 .3 51,254,025
+ 1 .8 24,135, 683
+ 2 .3 7, 643,126
+ .5 19,475, 216

+ 3 .0 4,759 1,084,157
+ 3 .0 3 1,941 419,443
5 727 235,175
+ 3 .5
+ 2 .8 2,091 429,539

East North Cen­
tral ________ 20,045 2,045,296
Ohio____________ 8, 291 600, 332
Indiana________
2, 279 235,422
Illinois_________ 6 4,745 560, 750
M ich ig a n .... ___ 3, 739 470, 495
7 991 178,297
Wisconsin __ _.

-.7
+. 9
+ 3 .9
+ 2 .4
- 7 .8
- 1 .4

West North Cen­
tral _________ 12,174
2, 229
M innesota______
Iow a______ _____ 1,799
M issouri.. ___
3, 235
North D a k ota .._
545
541
South D a k o ta ...
Nebraska____
1,586
Kansas_________ 9 2,239

+ 1 .1
+ 2 .2
-. 1
+ 1 .4
+ .5
+2. 5
- ( 2)
+•4

New E ngland___ 14,077
829
M aine__________
N ew Hampshire.
627
V erm ont_______
479
Massachusetts... i 8, 624
Rhode Island___
1, 257
Connecticut____
2, 261

S ou th Atlantic- _ 11,035
Delaware_______
208
1,533
M a ry la n d ... __
District of Co­
1,059
lum bia______
V i r g i n i a ___
2, 286
1,279
W est Virginia__
North Carolina. _ 1,408
764
South Carolina. _
Georgia________
1,449
Florida_________
1,049

-.5
50,735,426
15,056, 435 + 2 .6
5, 521, 680 + 6 .7
13,455,110 + 2 .8
12, 524, 207 -1 0 .7
4,177,994 +4-1

3,467
292
205
147
1,629
429
765

592,412
45,016
29,484
11,106
276,175
68,325
162,306

Dollars
+ 3 .0 12,352,442
+ 3 .3
857, 784
+ 2 .9
576,441
-1 .5
222, 290
+ 3 .7 5,830,476
1, 291,637
+ (>)
+ 3 .6 3, 573,814
+ 2 .7
+ 3 .0
+ 2 .7
+ 2 .5

-1 .3
7,461 1,562,008
2, 581 445,119 + 1 .2
900 197, 760 +4- 4
2,292 376, 454 + 3 .2
951 400,317 - 9 . 6
737 142,358 8 - 1 . 5

26,184,402
10, 813,870
5,499,158
9,871,374

+ 4 .7
+ 6 .2
+ 4 .3
-1 .6
+ 5 .3
-.5
+ 5 .9
+ 5 .4
+ 5 .2
+ 3 .7
+ 6 .6

39,250,864
- .7
11, 364, 598 + 3 .3
4, 650, 935 + 7 .6
9,006, 859 + 4 •0
10,868,013 -1 1 .8
3,360,459 8 + 6 .2

9,687,948
2,086, 307
1,372,996
3, 786, 234
121,102
133, 364
767,169
1,420, 776

+ 1 .3
+ 1 .0
+ 2.1
+ 1 .3
+ .9
+ 2 .7
-.8
+ 1 .8

2,446
410
424
892
44
34
168
474

215,461
43,630
35,924
91, 771
762
1,883
12, 459
29,032

784,701
17, 204
116,995

+ 2 .0 14,747,526
+ 9 .9
377,157
+ 1 .5 2,618,647

+ 2 .6
+ 7 .2
+ 1 .9

2,787
89
523

527,361 +3.0 9,053,416 + 3 . »
13,132 +12.7
277, 092 + 10 .3
78, 807 8 +2. 8 1,712,338 8 + 2 .8

38,747
102,500
148,335
152, 211
69, 385
105,963
33, 361

- 1 .4
977, 732
+ 2 .0 1.926, 518
+ 1 .2 3, 342,346
+ 2 .4 2, 253,004
+ 3.0
976, 257
+ 2 .5 1,669,821
+ 1 .9
606,044

-1 .2
+ 1 .4
+ 2 .7
+ 5 .4
+ 2 .6
+ 2 .4
+ 2.1

42
527
255
588
206
365
192

3,975
69, 677
58, 673
140,897
62,009
82,423
17, 768

-.5
+ 2.4
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .6
+ 3 .6
+ 3 .3
+ 3 .7

129,413
1, 275,949
1,321,034
2,051,015
835, 200
1,165,951
285,424

-.7
+ 2 .0
+ 3 .8
+ 6 .0
+ 3 .2
+ 3 .0
+ 5 .1

424,001
89,066
62, 355
165, 943
5,179
5, 949
33, 559
61,950

+ 2 .0 4,805,244
+ 3 .8
971,870
-.8
799,130
+ 2 .6 1,985,115
+. 8
19,853
+ 1 .2
44,819
+ 1 .7
294, 212
+1.2
690,245

+ 2 .0
+ 1 .3
+ 3 .1
+ 2 .1
+ 3 .1
+ 4 .1
+• 1
+ 1 .7

East Sou th Cen­
tral .
____
K en tu cky_____
T e n n e ss e e .___
Alabam a. ____
M ississip p i____

4,351
1,487
1,378
931
555

277,463
86,472
96,150
80, 517
14, 324

+ 1 .3 4,880,794
+ 1 .5 1,691, 333
1, 659, 337
-0 0
+ 2 .2 1, 294,991
+ 5 .0
235,133

+ 2 .0
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .0
+ 2 .6
+ 4 .9

1,014
313
385
230
86

173,574
37,979
71, 248
56, 564
7, 783

+ 1 .8 2,896,715
724, 776
+ 3 .1
+ .2 1,185,685
+ 2 .4
870,936
+ 6 .6
115, 318

+ 2 .7
+• 4
+ 2 .9
+ 4 .1
+ 6 .1

West S outh Cen­
tral ________
Arkansas_______
Louisiana_______
Oklahoma_____
Texas............ ....... 11

4,290
10 556
1,018
1,386
1,330

181,810 + 1 .1 3,849,952
400,227
24,044 + ( 2)
44,620 + 4 .4
836,080
41,085
+ .2
937,428
72,061
+ . 1 1,676,217

+ 1 .4
-.8
+ 4 .4
+ 1 .1
+ .6

957
215
241
141
360

88,002
16,860
23, 256
11,303
36,583

+ 1 .7 1,739,964
262,310
-.9
+ 7 .3
382,972
-.3
248, 795
845, 887
+ .1

+ 2 .0
&
+ 7 .1
+. 3
+ 1.8

M ou n tain _______
M o n ta n a ______
Idaho___________
W yom ing_______
Colorado_______
N ew M exico____
Arizona_________
U tah________ _
N evada................

4,410
685
452
334
1,283
315
533
594
214

126,735
19,930
9,883
9,002
44,003
6,237
14,407
20,135
3,138

- . 3 3,061,868 + 2 .5
+ 1 .2
538,437 + 1. 3
- 1 .3
240,453 + 2 .9
+ 4 .4
245,608 +10.8
+ 2 .7 1,025,842 + 2 .7
-2 .2
129, 233 - 2 . 0
-4 .3
353, 247
+ .8
-5 .8
444,148 + 1 .3
+ 2 .0
84,900 + 4 .3

598
83
56
. 39
197
28
58
109
28

39,369 - 2 . 3
5,052 - 1 . 5
3, 543 - 6 . 4
1,887 + 4.1
16,619 + 4 .1
563 -1 1 .1
3,461 - 2 . 2
7,249 -1 4 . 5
995 + 6 .1




925,714 + 1 . 2
128,978 + 1 .5
90,487 + 2.0
53,006 + 2.3
388,375 + 3 .1
11,220 - 8 . 6
79,161 + 2 .2
145,894 - 5 . 8
28,593 +10.1

17
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish­
ments in July and August 1936 by Geographic Divisions and by States— Con.
[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y
cooperating State organizations]
Total—all groups
Geographic
division and
State

N um ­
ber of
estab­
lish­
ments

Pacific___________
9,527
W ashington____
2,981
Oregon_________
1,374
California______ 12 5,172

Manufacturing

Per­
Per­
Per­
Per­
N um ­
cent­ Amount cent­ N um ­ N um ­
cent­ Amount cent­
of pay
of pay
ber on
age
ber of ber on
age
age
age
roll
(1
roll
(1
pay roll change week) change estab­ pay roll change
week) change
from
lish­ August from
August from
from
August
August
July
1936
July ments
1936
July
July
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936

478,221 + 7 .6
97,079 + 1 .0
52,899 + 2 .6
328,243 + 10.6

Dollars
12,132,293
2,421,174
1, 273, 209
8,437,910

+ 7 .6
+ 3 .9
+ 4 .4
+ 9 .3

2,483
548
289
1,646

Dollars
287,974 +12.4 7,175,193 +12.1
54,587 + 1 .3 1,312,934 + 5 .9
30,765 + 3 .1
702, 579 + 6 .6
202,622 + 17.5 5,159,680 +14.6

1 Includes banks and trust companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment,
amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
2 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
3 Includes laundering and cleaning, water, light, and power.
4 Percentage change in manufacturing from December 1934 to January 1935 in employment should have
been —2.9 instead of +2.5. The corresponding change in pay rolls should have been —2.6 instead of +2.4.
5 Includes laundries.
6 Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
7 Includes construction, but not hotels, restaurants, or public works.
8 Weighted percentage change.
Includes financial institutions, construction, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.
11 Includes business and personal service, and real estate.
12 Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.

Industrial and Business Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities

A c o m p a r i s o n of August employment and pay rolls with the July
totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000
or over is made in table 7. The changes are computed from reports
received from identical establishments in both months.
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey by the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building con­
struction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this
industry have not been included in these city totals.
Table 7.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical
Establishments in July and August 1936, by Principal Cities

C ity

New York, N . Y _________ ____________
Chicago, 111____________________________
Philadelphia, Pa_______________________
Detroit, M ich _______________________
Los Angeles, Calif__
_ _____________
Cleveland, Ohio____ __________________
St. Louis, M o ___ . __________________
Baltimore, M d ________________________
Boston, Mass_____ ____________________
Pittsburgh, Pa________________________
San Francisco, Calif__ _________________
Buffalo, N . Y .................................. ............
Milwaukee, W is____ _______ __________




Number of Number on Percentage Am ount of Percentage
payroll
change
pay roll (1
change
establish­
from July week) August from July
August
ments
1936
1936
1936
1936
16,998
4,511
2,603
1, 578
2,380
1,777
1,606
1,281
4,081
1,447
1,664
1,052
700

651,651
444,334
221,885
313, 859
132, 634
130,379
124,918
85,314
172,126
201,105
89, 682
65, 036
75, 643

+ 2 .1
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .4
-7 .2
+ 1 .5
-1 .4
-.9
- 3 .8
+ 1 .7
+ 1 .7
+10.4
+ 1 .9
+ .8

$18, 274,920
11,435,072
5, 657,909
8, 859,773
3, 436,913
3,323,191
2,918,090
1,920, 653
4,166, 600
5,196,493
2, 303, 770
1, 648, 356
1,875,270

+ 3 .0
+ 2 .1
+ 4 .4
-1 1 .1
+ 2 .3
-1 .2
-.7
- 4 .3
+ 2 .1
+ 2 .6
+ 8 .9
+ 2 .6
+ 2 .5

18
Public Employment
E m p lo y m e n t created by the Federal Government includes employ­
ment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Recovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935.
By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of works to be carried out by 61 units
of the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by
title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as
the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936. Employment
created by this program includes employment on Federal projects
and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress Admin­
istration. Federal projects are those conducted by Federal agencies
which have received allotments from The Works Program fund.
Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration are those
projects conducted under the supervision of the W . P. A.
The emergency conservation program (Civilian Conservation
Corps) created in April 1933 has been further extended under author­
ity of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
Executive Service o f the Federal G overnm ent
S t a t i s t i c s of employment in the executive branches of the Federal
Government in August 1935, July 1936, and August 1936 are given
in table 8.




19
Table 8.— Employees in the Executive Service of the United States Government
August 1935, July and August 1936 1
[Subject to revision]

District of Columbia 2

Outside District of
Columbia

Entire service 2

Item
Perma­ Tem po­
rary
nent
N um ber of employees:
August 1935______ _____
July 1936---------------------August 1936 _ .................
Percentage change:
August 1935 to August
1936_______ ______
July 1936 to August
1936................. ..............
Labor turn-over, August
1936:
Accessions 5.....................
Separations 5...................
Turn-over rate per 100:
Accession rate— ...........
Separation rate________

97,314
107,138
107,900

Total

Perma­ Tem po­
rary 3
nent

Total

Perma­ Tem po­
rary 3
nent

Total

9, 723 107,037 552, 595 110,491 663,086 649,909 120,214 770,123
9,123 116, 261 609, 396 105,204 714, 600 716,534 114,327 830,861
7,907 115,807 612, 212 106,485 718, 697 720,112 114,392 * 834,504

+10.88

-1 8.6 8

+8.19

+10. 79

- 3 . 63

-4 .8 4

+ 8. 36

+ .7 1

-1 3 . 33

-.3 9

+ .4 6

+1. 22

+ .5 7

+ .5 0

+ . 06

+ . 44

1, 376
1,137

683
1,473

2,059
2,610

10,946
9, 592

18,006
15,940

28,952
16,892

12, 322
10, 729

18, 689
17, 413

31,011
28,142

1.28
1.06

8.02
17.30

1. 77
2. 25

1. 79
1.57

17.01
15.06

4.04
2. 36

1. 72
1.49

16. 34
15.23

3. 72
3. 38

+8.39 +10.80

1 Data on number of employees refer to em ployment on last day of month.
2 Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
3 N ot including field employees of Post Office Department or 40,863 employees hired under letters of
authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $1,327,678.
4 Includes 774 employees b y transfer previously reported as separations, not actual additions for August.
« N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turn-over.

The monthly record of employment in the executive departments
of the United States Government from August 1935 to August 1936,
inclusive, is shown in table 9.
Table 9.— Employment in the Executive Service of the United States Govern­
ment by Months, August 1935 to August 1936
[Subject to revision]

District
of C o­
lumbia

Outside
District
of Co­
lumbia

Total

M on th

1935
August......................
September................
October___________
N ovem ber................
Decem ber_______

107,037
109,197
110,585
111, 199
112,091

663,086
678,229
687,115
690,202
704,135

770,123
787, 426
797,700
801, 401
816, 226

February..................
M arch.......................
A pril...... ...................
M a y ______________

1986
January...... ..............

111, 800

689,499

801,299

July........... ................
August__...................

M on th

District
of C o­
lumbia

Outside
District
of Co­
lumbia

112, 708
112, 739
115,422
117,229
117,470
116,261
115,807

687, 626
693,665
695,345
700,999
707,156
714,600
718,697

Total

1936— Contd.
800,334
806,404
810,767
818,228
824,626
830,861
834, 504

Construction Projects Financed by the Public Works Administration
D e t a i l s concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during August1 on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 10, by type of project.
1 Data concerning projects financed by Public Works Administration funds are based on month ending
Aug. 15.




20
Table 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed from Public Works
Funds, Month Ending Aug. 15, 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T yp e of project

Maxim um W eekly
number
em ployed 1 average

M onthly
pay roll
disburse­
ments

N um ber of
man-hours
worked
during
m onth

A ver­
age
earn­
ings
per
hour

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth

Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
All projects 2........................................
Building construction2..........._____
Forestry..............................................
Naval vessels__________ _ __
P ublic roads 4____ ____ ___________
Reclam ation______ ___________
River, hiarbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads...............................
Water and sewerage................
M iscellaneous.. ................................. .

3 95,661
18,158
3
18,831
(5)
15, 061
17, 764
2, 593
166
619

89,344
15,084
3
18,371
22,466
14,008
16, 450
2, 263
105
594

$8,699, 435

11,655,001

$0.746

$8,080,530

1,484,281
363
2,368,635
1,170, 606
1, 510, 975
1,970, 741
118,057
9, 379
66,398

1,670,385
330
2,917, 504
2,125,400
2,145,427
2,425, 746
275,979
14,835
79,395

.889
1.100
.812
.551
.704
.812
.428
.632
.836

2,214,913
0
1,106,867
1,830, 000
1,380,745
1,377, 533
149, 623
10, 088
10,761

Non-Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
All projects............................ ..........

56,926

47,186

$4,353, 747

4,953. 270

$0.879

$7,652, 641

Building construction............. ..........
Streets and roads______ _____ _____
W ater and sewerage_______________
M iscellaneous__.............

26,166
8,353
18,405
4,002

21,671
6,443
15, 680
3, 392

2,093,547
503, 538
1, 517, 400
239, 262

2,155,651
675, 653
1,710, 042
411,924

.971
.745
.887
.581

3,811,301
986,867
2,181,174
673,299

Non-Federal “ Transportation loan” projects—Financed from
N . I. R . A. funds
A ll p rojects.........................................

6,198

(6)

Railroad construction_____________
Railroad car and locom otive shops _
Operated b v railroads.........
Operated b y commercial f i r m s ___

2, 766
3,432
1, 840
1, 592

2,379
(6)
1, 640
(6)

$477,153

836, 712

$0. 570

132, 729
344, 424
184, 550
159,874

290, 567
546,145
270, 505
275, 640

.457
.631
,682
.580

(<0
18, 869
(6)
21,720
(6)

Non-Federal projects—Financed from E. R . A. A. 1935 funds 7
A ll'p ro je c ts -..................................

184,116

Building construction...... ................
Electrification_____________
H eavy engineering........................ .
Reclam ation_________________
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads_____ ____________
W ater and sewerage.____ __________
Miscellaneous__________ _ _

120,350
690
1,846
533
967
18, 585
40,051
1,094

152, 539 $12, 385, 964

16, 536,355

$0. 749

$23,436,893

8,428,850
46, 267
156,938
33,364
77, 783
944, 588
2, 618, 920
79, 254

10, 566, 766
62,816
190,945
54,423
111, 727
1, 564, 530
3, 884, 204
100,944

.798
.737
.822
.613
.696
.604
.674
.785

13,869,499
189, 637
1,856,729
29,103
178,181
2,449,686
4, 763, 756
100,302

99, 869
563
1, 651
450
872
14, 340
33,863
931

1
M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
* Includes a maximum of 7,317 and an average of 6,032 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E. R. A. A. funds, who were paid $506,573 for 622,834 man-hours of labor. Material orders
in the amount of $630,452 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate tables
covering projects financed from The W orks Program.
3 Includes weekly average for public roads.
4 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
5 N ot available; average included in total.
• Data not available.
7 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed b y The W orks Program.




21

Federal construction projects are financed by allotments made by
the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and depart­
ments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the
National Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the lowcost housing program now under way, however, is financed by funds
provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
The work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been
awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal
agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appro­
priation Act of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to
the States and their political subdivisions, but occasionally allot­
ments have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects
for the States or their political subdivisions from funds appropriated
under the National Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works
Administration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of
the total labor and material cost. When funds provided under the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 are used to finance a
non-Federal project, as much as 45 percent of the total labor and
material cost may be furnished in the form of a grant. The remain­
ing 55 percent or more of the cost is financed by the recipient. When
circumstances justify such action, the Public Works Administration
may provide the grantee with the additional funds by means of a
loan. Allotments to commercial enterprises are made only as loans.
All loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest
charges and have a definite date of maturity. Collateral posted
with the Public Works Administration to secure loans may be offered
for sale to the public. In this way a revolving fund is provided
which enlarges the scope of the activities of the Public Works
Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Adminis­
tration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to build­
ings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives
and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads;
and third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in
commercial shops.
Monthly Trend

A summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed from Public Works Administration funds from
July 1933 to August 1936 is given in table 11.




22

Table 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to August 1936, Inclusive,
on Projects Financed from Public Works Administration Funds
[Subject to revision]
Maximumnumber Pay-roll dis­
of wage bursements
earners *

Year and month

July 1933 to August 1936, inclusive2
July to December 1933, inclusive_____
January to December 1934, inclusive..
January to December 1935, inclusive2

N um ber of
man-hours
worked

Average
Value of
earnings
material
per hour orders placed

$755, 262, 389 1,169,094,704

10.646 $1,371,329,589

32,941,335
308, 311,143
254,176,118

61,718,911
523, 561, 666
371, 352, 552

.534
.589
.684

3 75,453,114
3 610,051,090
3 417,321,441

1986
Jan uary2.
F ebruary2
M arch 2___
A p r il2___

197,820
176, 764
202,236
264,427

14,399,381
12, 220, 479
13,981,176
18.915, 663

19,195, 535
16, 404, 771
18, 519, 649
25,203,010

.750
.745
.755
.751

22,796,818
23,460, 743
29,068,402
32,459,393

M a y 2___
June 2___
J u ly 2----August 2_

315,393
349, 572
347,346
342,901

22, 590,878
25,840,926
25,968, 991
25.916, 299

30,377,869
34, 418,037
34,361,366
33,981,338

.744
.751
.756
.763

3 39,778, 571
37,803, 419
* 43,925,945
39,210,653

1 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
2 Includes employees working on non-Federal projects and low-cost housing projects financed from
E . R . A . A . 1935 funds. These data are included in tables 12 and 13 covering projects financed b y The
W orks Program.
3 Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment.
* Revised.

T h e W orks Program

A d e t a i l e d record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on projects financed by The Works Program in August2 is
shown in table 12, by type of project.
Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program August 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners

T yp e of project

Num ber of A ver­
Value of
M on th ly
material
man-hours
age
orders
worked
earn­
M aximum W eekly pay-roll dis­
bursements
during
ings per placed dur­
number
ing m onth
m onth
hour
em ployed 1 average
Federal projects

All projects.......... ................................

451,960

399,433

$22, 794, 588

48,559,862

$0. 469

$13,191,899

Building construction_____________
E lectrification___________ ________
Forestry__________________________
Grade-crossing elimination...............
H eavy engineering_______ _______ _
H ydroelectric power plants..............
Plant, crop, and livestock conserva­
tion___ _______________________
Professional, technical, and clerical.
P ublic roads______________________
Reclam ation______________________
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads__________________
Water and sewerage.................... .......
Miscellaneous.....................................

37, 767
1,456
18, 519
39,996
225
2, 790

33,143
1,224
14,495
32, 075
169
2,454

2,196, 267
72,422
871,853
2,314,812
11, 501
59,185

3,423,548
124,771
1,802, 676
3,907, 009
21,805
245,348

.642
.580
.484
.592
.527
.241

1,649,428
349,089
75,724
2,966,150
15, 495
53,809

49,136
23, 276
132, 979
72, 429
37, 487
5,654
427
29,819

46,346
23,271
109,198
69,567
35, 327
5,216
267
26, 681

1,804,086
1,628, 307
6,097,944
3,440,016
3,131,253
284,122
17,451
865,369

6,695,840
2,623, 380
13,133,409
8,395,701
4,792,144
639,392
26, 594
2, 728, 245

.269
.621
.464
.410
.653
.444
.656
.317

23, 632
121,464
4,152,197
1, 255, 590
2, 301,394
55, 200
3,823
168,904

See footnotes at end of table.
2 Data concerning projects financed b y The W orks Program are based on month ending Aug. 15.




23

Table

12 ,— Employment

and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program August 1936— Continued
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners

Typ e of project

Maximum
number 1
employed

Number of A ver­
Value of
M onthly
material
man-hours
age
orders
worked
earn­
pay-roll dis­
W eekly bursements
ings per placed dur­
during
ing month
month
average
hour

P. W. A. projects financed from E. R. A. A .— 1935 funds 2
All projects_______ _____ _________

191,433

158, 571

$12,892, 537

17,159,189

$0.751

$24,067,345

Building construction.......................
Electrification___ _________________
H eavy engineering............... ...........
Reclamation_________ ____ _______

127,667
690
1,846
533

105,901
563
1, 651
450

8,935, 423
46, 267
156,938
33, 364

11,189,600
62,816
190,945
54,423

.799
.737
.822
.613

14,499,951
189, 637
1,856,729
29,103

River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and road s............. ............. .
Water and sewerage................... .......
Miscellaneous.................. .......... .........

967
18,585
40, 051
1,094

872
14, 340
33,863
931

77, 783
944, 588
2, 618,920
79,254

111, 727
1, 564, 530
3,884, 204
100,944

.696
.604
.674
.785

178,181
2,449,686
4, 763, 756
100, 302

Projects operated by Works Progress Administration
All projects 3........ .............................

2,462,590

$124,731,158 247, 539, 090

$0. 504

* $24,454,315

5, 242,118
37, 620, 311
394, 598
2, 544,674

11, 235,149
82, 893,834
666, 608
6, 457,923

.467
.454
.592
.394

633, 292
9, 776,450
6,326
103,268

18,455,906
13,008, 319
10,323, 557
14, 618,467

28, 582, 633
20, 667, 569
19,931, 408
24,911, 333

.646
.629
.518
.587

538,200
4,492,458
3,404, 251
2,843,646

Sanitation
69,883
and health3,113, 516
290, 777
13,467, 220
2,913,131
52, 366
56, 732
3,029, 341

7,278,391
33,194, 893
5, 601, 071
6,118, 278

.428
.406
.520
.495

687,720
748, 472
974, 584
245,648

C onservation 3_______ ______ ______
H ighway, road, and s tr e e t ________
H o u s in g __ ________________ _____
National Y outh Administration s ..

108,806
817,836
8, 730
179,936

Professional, technical, and clerical.
Public building___________________
Publicly owned or operated utilities.
Recreational facilities 6____________

241,091
210, 481
191,979
233,973

_____________
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc___
Transportation____________________
Not elsewhere classified................. .

1 Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes data on 184,116 employees working on non-Federal projects and 7,317 employees working on
low-cost housing projects. These data are included in tables 10 and 11 covering projects under the juris­
diction of P. W . A .
3 Includes data on 12,605 transient camp workers who were paid $507,048 and subsistence for 1,622,475
man-hours on conservation work, etc., and material orders placed valued at $10,395.
* The value of material orders placed, excluding those for National Y outh Administration projects, is
for the month ending Aug. 31, 1936.
« These data are for the month ending July 31, 1936, and exclude student-aid projects.
6 Exclusive of buildings.

Monthly trend

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
by The Works Program from the beginning of the program in July
1935 to August 1936 are given in table 13.




24

Table 13,— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 to August 1936, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed by The Works Program
[Subject to revision]
Maximum
number
em p loyed 1

M onth and year

Pay-roll dis­
bursements

Num ber of
man-hours
worked

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed

Federal projects
July 1935 to August 1936, inclusive
July to December 1935.____ __________
1936
January_____________________________
February___________ ______ __________
M arch_______________________________
A pril________________________________
M a y _________________________________
June_____________________ __________
J uly_________________________________
A ugust______________________________

248, 929
298, 589
325*505
375,865
401, 298
453,012
451, 570
451, 960

$172,094, 530

386, 210,019

$0. 446

$128, 212, 680*

30,077, 743

65, 915, 609

.456

32,116, 942

11,179, 541
12, 529, 207
14, 431, 789
16, 563,885
19,160, 510
22, 657, 507
22,699, 760
22, 794, 588

25,955, 820
29,173,914
35, 243, 886
38, 563, 300
43, 267, 437
50,680,511
48, 849, 680
48, 559,862

.431
.429
.409
.430
.443
.447
.465
.469

8, 988, 622
9, 684, 578
8, 028, 299
12, 903, 903
12, 668, 052
14, 431,802
16,198, 58a
13,191, 899

P. W . A. projects financed from E. R . A. A . 1935 funds 2
September 1935 to August 1936, inclu­
sive............... ..........................................
September to December 1935-

18, 671, 037

81, 552, 790

661, 283

996, 091

$0. 719

$127, 582, 050
2,025,494

1,128, 635
1, 794, 866
3, 032, 280
6,346, 433
9,101, 702
11, 435, 825
12, 277, 476
12, 892, 537

621, 349
609, 270
525, 546
211, 679
011, 674
843, 765
574, 227
159,189

3, 632, 378
8, 611, 717
10, 548, 343
14, 725, 726
20,112, 332
20, 454, 214
23, 404, 501
24,067, 345

1936
January...
February.
M arch___
A p ril____
M a y _____

23, 740
39, 848
64, 223
112, 345
149, 334
176,184
188,076
191, 433

June______

J uly..........
A u gu st-. .

Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
August 1935 to August 1936, inclusive.

$1, 227, 825,669 2, 738, 796, 701

August to December 1935____ ________
1936
J a n u a r y ...____ ________________ _____
February_______ _____ ______________
M a rch .. ________________ .___..............
A p ril_____________ ______ ____________
M a y ____________________ _____________
June____________________________ ____
July_________________________________
A ugust.............................................. .......

2, 755,802
2, 900, 645
3, 044, 685
2,856,508
2, 563,185
2, 561, 307
2,412,462
2,462, 590

$0.448

$211, 345, 535

170, 911, 331

36^, 589, 041

.465

46,042, 303

127, 054,184
136, 276, 680
142,827, 306
143, 492, 350
131, 535,493
128, 222, 740
122,774,427
124, 731,158

310, 755, 226
331, 916,478
338,477, 216
330, 771, 776
294, 574, 320
281, 504, 372
265,669,182
247, 539, 090

.409
.411
.422
.434
.447
.455
.462
.504

19,860, 772
17,896, 597
17, 592, 687
19,586, 594
22, 060, 924
22, 674, 265
21,177,078
24, 454, 315

1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 These data are included in tables 10 and 11 covering projects under the jurisdiction of the P ublic W orks
Administration. The data for August includes 184,116 employees working on non-Federal projects and
7,317 employees working on low-cost housing projects.

Emergency Conservation W ork
S t a t i s t i c s concerning employment and pay rolls in emergency
conservation work in July and August 1936, are presented in table 14.




25

Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work July
and August 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of
employees

Am ount of pay rolls

Group
August

July

August

July

A ll groups...................... ............. ................... ......................

383,554

404,422

$17,845, 965

$18,417,986

Enrolled personnel_________________________________
Reserve officers_____ __________________ ______ _______
Educational advisers 2__________________ ____ ________
Supervisory and technical 3._ ................................. ..........

333,222
7, 734
2,129
4 40,469

354,110
7, 669
2,054
s 40, 589

10,380,374
1,617,175
365,061
4 5,483,355

11,035,080
1,603,586
352,490
5 5,426,830

1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amounts of pay rolls are
for entire month.
2 Included in executive service table.
3 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
4 39,273 employees and pay roll of $5,380,398 included in executive-service table.
* 39,453 employees and pay roll of $5,324,066 included in executive-service table.

Employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation workers
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Depart­
ment, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior. The
monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as follows: 5.0
percent are paid $45; 8.0 percent, $36; and the remaining 87.0 per­
cent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are provided
with board, clothing, and medical services.
Monthly statistics of employment and pay rolls on the emergency
conservation program from August 1935 to August 1936, inclusive,
are given in table 15.
Table 15.— Monthly Totals of Employees and Pay Rolls in Emergency
Conservation Work, August 1935 to August 1936 1
[Subject to revision]

M onth

N um ber
of em ­
ployees

M onthly pay­
roll disburse­
ments

1935
August_____ ____________
September______________
October
N ovember
December

593,311
536, 752
554,143
546, 683
509,126

$26, 293, 526
24,455, 343
24,886, 623
24,009, 372
21, 949, 480

1936
January--------------------------

478, 751

21, 427,065

Num ber M onthly pay­
of em­
roll disburse­
ments
ployees

M onth

1936
February_____ __________
M arch__________________
A pril____________________
M a y ____________________
J u n e.. _________________
July_____________________
August---------------------------

1 Data on number of employees*refer to employment on last day of month.
entire month.

454,231
356,273
391,002
407, 621
383, 279
404, 422
383, 554

$20, 484, 379
17, 251, 772
18,058, 235
18, 610, 245
17, 969, 256
18, 417,986
17, 845, 965

Amounts of pay rolls are for

Construction Projects Financed by Reconstruction Finance Corporation
S t a t i s t i c s of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor­
poration in August3 are presented in table 16, by type of project.
3 Data concerning projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation refer to the month
ending Aug. 15.




26
Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, August 1936
[Subject to revision]
Value of
N um ber of
material
man-hours Average
orders
earnings
worked
placed
during
per hour , during
month
m onth

Num ber
of wage
earners

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

A ll projects________________ _______ __________

9,658

$1,065,744

1,441,791

Bridges_______________________________ ______
Building construction 1_______________ ______
Reclam ation____________ ____ ________________
W ater and sewerage.................................. ............
Miscellaneous______ ________________________

747
896
224
6, 711
1,080

99, 761
66,978
3,053
785,016
110, 936

94,476
117,966
6, 553
1,065, 469
157, 327

T yp e of project

$0.739
1.056 1
.568
.466
.737 !r
.705

$1,314,692
21,938
131,368
1,138,715
22,671

i Includes 298 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $20,169; 24,505 man-hours worked; and m iterial orders
placed during the m onth amounting to $21,176 on projects financed b y R . F. O. Mortgage Co.

A monthly summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from August 1935 to August 1936, inclusive,
is given in table 17.
Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc­
tion Finance Corporation, August 1935 to August 1936 1
[Subject to revision]

N um ber
of wage
earners

M on th ly
pay-roll dis­
bursements

Num ber of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

1935
August..........................................................
S eptem ber............................................ .......
October..........................................................
N ovem ber.....................................................
D ecember.............................. .......................

9,415
9,301
9,204
9,802
7,792

$1,020,208
957,846
953,383
1,002,151
870,129

1,367,071
1,271,475
1,269,897
1,344,959
1,161,473

$0.746
.753
.751
.745
.749

$965,174
1,016,202
1,238,053
1,411,729
1, 383, 330

1936
January........................................................
February................... ................... ................
M arch........................ ............ ............ ..........
A pril...............................................................

7,560
7,961
8,134
10,021

850,271
905,455
916,059
1,133,880

1,093,350
1,179,431
1,193,145
1,479,182

.778
.768
.768
.767

1,355, 520
1,436,119
1, 385, 640
1, 292,063

M a y........................................................... .
June................................................... ...........
July................................ ..............................
A u g u st..........................................................

10,988
8,501
9,843
9,658

962,280
941,680
1,063,728
1,065,744

1,244,097
1,252,193
1,436,201
1,441,791

.773
.752
.741
.739

1,441, 248
2,527, 262
2,050,370
1, 314, 692

M onth

Value of
Average
material
earnings orders
placed
per hour during month

i Includes projects financed b y the R . F. C. Mortgage Co.

Construction Projects Financed From Regular Governmental Appropriations
W h e n e v e r a construction contract is awarded or for e-account
work is started by a department or agency of the Federal>Govern­
ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on
forms supplied by the Bureau of the name and address of the con­
tractor, the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be per­
formed. Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor
or Government agency doing the work. These reports are returned
to the Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts




27

disbursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project,
and the value of the different types of materials for which orders
were placed during the month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
for which contracts have been awarded since July 1, 1934. The
Bureau does not have statistics covering projects financed from regu­
lar Government appropriations, the contracts of which were awarded
previous; to that date.
Data* 'concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed from regular governmental appro­
priate during August4 are given in table 18, by type of project.
Table 18.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, August 1936
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of wage
earners
T yp e of project
M aximum W eekly
number
em p loy ed 1 average
A ll projects.............................. .........

2 146,822

Building construction............. .......
Electrification_____ _____________
Forestry. _ ........................ ..............
Naval v e s s e ls .................................
Public road s3................................ .

13,498
97
25
32,671
(<)

Reclamation__ _ ....................
River, harbor, and flood con trol..
Streets and roads....... .....................
Water and sewerage........................
Miscellaneous..................................

1,287
29, 564
2,666
546
1,800

M onthly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

Num ber of
man-hours Average
worked
earnjngs
during
per hour
month

Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

140,300 $13,423,023

20,277,371

$0.662

$17,584,183

11,184
79
25
32,293
64,668

1,027,242
10,576
997
4,363,115
4,689,056

1,417,856
11.554
2.028
5,073,087
8,365,079

.725
.915
.492
.860
.561

1,907,818
150,717
1,878
4,815,481
7,330,994

1,256
26,546
2,317
409
1, 523

204,151
2,834,382
141,011
31,832
120,661

257, 535
4,612,228
297,013
44,376
196,615

.793
.615
.475
.717
.614

1,167
2,803,925
199,580
122,866
249, 757

1 Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
4 N ot available; average number included in total.

Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction
projects financed from regular governmental appropriations from
August 1935 to August 1936 are shown, by months, in table 19.
4 Data concerning projects financed b y regular governmental appropriations are based on month ending
Aug. 15.




28

Table 19.—Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, August 1935 to August 1936
[Subject to revision]

Number
of wage
earners

M onth

M on th ly
pay-roll
disburse­
ments

N um ber of
man-hours
worked dur­
ing month

Average
earnings
per hour

Value of
material
orders
placed dur­
ing m onth

1935
A u gu st.........................................................
September........... ................... _....................
October— ..........- ....................... ..................
N o v e m b e r.,.................................. - ..........
D e ce m b er.................................................. .

36,491
45,592
59,091
63,912
56, 780

$2, 694,822
3,199, 785
4,193,129
4, 077, 395
3, 707, 963

4,137,008
5,066,873
6,716,798
6, 559, 665
5, 980,118

$0.651
.632
.624
.622
.620

$4,459,551
5,801,445
7,181,155
6, 690,405
6,155, 840

1936
January....................................... - ................
February---------------------------- .............. .......
M arch----------------- --------------------------------A pril.......... ....................... - ......................... -

46,895
43,915
47, 538
60,107

3, 990, 725
3,619,025
3, 674,896
5, 205, 353

6, 246, 418
5, 545,115
5,814, 569
8, 375,190

.639
.653
.632
.622

5, 584, 611
6, 669, 016
7,185,019
9, 861, 378

79, 789
102, 376
126,176
146,822

6, 242,763
8, 631,104
12,424, 667
13,423,023

10, 262, 637
13, 692,884
18, 940, 026
20, 277, 371

.608
.630
.656
.662

12, 559, 367
12, 347,453
22, 333, 498
17, 584,183

M a y ______________ ____________ ________
August_______________ _________________

State-Roads Projects

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construc­
tion and maintenance of State roads from August 1935 to August 1936,
is presented in table 20.
Table 20.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
August 1935 to August 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
N um ber of employees working on—
T o ta l pay
roll

M onth
New roads

1935
A u g u st.................................................................. ............... September......................—....................................................
October...........................- .............................................. .........
N ovem ber...................... ..................... ............ .......................
Decem ber.....................................................................- .........
1936
January.......................- ...........................................................
February.................... ................................. ...........................
M arch.................. ...................................................... ............
M a y _ _ ........................................................................... ..........
June......................- ................—..................................... .........
July................................. ..................................... .......... .........
A u g u s t ...............- .................................................... .............

Mainte­
nance

T otal

40,130
40,431
40,390
32,487
27,046

163,960
156,187
147, 324
139,138
121, 690

204,090
196,618
187, 714
171, 625
148, 736

$9,063,104
8,435, 225
8,150, 299
7,156,025
6,139,581

14,358
10, 256
8,150
11, 339

105,795
119, 777
133, 386
143,305

120,153
130,033
141, 536
154, 644

7, 481, 502
7, 572, 614
7,689, 770
8, 918,024

16, 566
20,773
21, 744
26,810

164, 356
165, 363
164,956
158,882

180, 922
186,136
186,700
185, 692

10, 560,866
11, 488, 253
11,839, 215
11, 937, 585

i Excluding em ploym ent furnished b y projects financed from Public W orks Administration funds and
W orks Progress Administration funds.




O