Full text of Employment and Payrolls : August 1935
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Serial N o. R . 292 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner Employment and Pay Rolls (Formerly “ Trend of Employment” ) + August 1935 + Prepared by Division of Employment Statistics Lew is E. T a lb e r t, Chief and Division of Construction and Public Employment H e rm a n B. B yer, Chief UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1935 CO N TEN TS Page Summary of developments in August______________________________________ Part I— Private employment______________________________________________ Manufacturing industries_____________________________________________ Indexes and estimates of factory employment and pay rolls, Janu ary 1934 to August 1935________________________________________ Trade, public utility, mining, service industries, and building con struction____________________________________________________________ Indexes of employment and pay rolls in trade, public utility, mining, and service industries_________________________________ Employment on class I railroads______________________________________ Trend of employment by States______________________________________ Employment and pay rolls in principal cities_________________________ Part II— Public employment______________________________________________ Executive, legislative, military, and judicial services of the Federal Government________________________________________________________ Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration_____ Comparison by geographic divisions_____________________________ Monthly trend_____________ ______________________________________ Value of material orders placed__________________________________ The Works Program__________________________________________________ Emergency-work program_____________________________________________ Emergency conservation work________________________________________ State-road projects____________________________________________________ Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration_____________________________________________________________ Construction projects financed from regular appropriations__________ (H) 1 2 2 10 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 23 24 25 28 31 32 32 33 36 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Summary of Developments in August R D IN A R IL Y the volume of private employment in August remains close to midsummer levels. This year, howeverr industrial employment advanced sharply. Reports received by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the more important manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries indicate that approximately 160,000 more workers were employed in August than in the month preceding in the industries reporting. Corresponding pay-roll disbursements in August were $7,800,000 a week more than in July. For manufacturing industries employment in August was 2.8 per cent above the July level and weekly wage disbursements advanced 6.6 percent. Although factory employment characteristically in creases in August, the improvement this year was unusually vigorous, having been exceeded only twice (1922 and 1933) during the past 16 years. The improvement, moreover, was shared by 66 of the 90 manufacturing industries included in the survey. The gains in factory employment were partly offset by reduced employment in some of the nonmanufacturing industries. In spite of substantial increases in bituminous-coal mining and private building construction, coupled with smaller increases in metal mining, quarry ing and nonmetallic mining, crude-pretroleum producing, telephone and telegraph, power and light utilities, wholesale trade, year-round hotels, banks and brokerage houses, the aggregate employment in the nonmanufacturing industries covered shows a net reduction of 25,000 workers in comparison with July. The decline was due princi pally to a seasonal recession in retail trade and a sharp curtailment in anthracite mining. A substantial increase occurred in public employment during the month. As against 999,386 workers employed in the regular agencies of the Federal Government in July, 1,046,674 were on pay rolls in August. This increase was largely accounted for by expansion in the military and executive branches, but a small advance was also reported in the legislative service. On the other hand, employment in the judicial service declined slightly. Employment on construction projects financed by Federal funds moved irregularly, a sharp increase on projects financed by regular governmental appropriations being; O (1) 2 largely offset by decreases on projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the Public Works Administration. The first monthly statistics for The Works Program showed over 143,000 workers employed. Employment on relief work declined sharply during the month. Part I.—Private Employment Manufacturing Industries T he increase of 2.8 percent in factory employment in August brings the index of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to 81.7 percent of the 1923-25 average. At the same time the index of factory pay rolls rose from 65.3 to 69.6. Both indexes are now at the highest point since last April. Compared with the corresponding month of last year the employment index shows an increase of 2.8 percent and the index of pay rolls a gain of 11.9 percent. Gains over the month interval were widely distributed, 66 of the 90 manufacturing industries surveyed showing increases in employ ment and 72 having larger weekly wage disbursements. Of the 14 major groups surveyed, 12 showed increases in employment and a like number in weekly pay rolls. The largest estimated increase in number of workers (83,100 or 5.8 percent) was in the textile group. The food group showed a gain of 37,100 workers or 5.4 percent, this being the fifth successive monthly increase. The lumber group added 31,300 workers to pay rolls, a 6.6 percent gain; the iron and steel group reported an increase of 16,400 workers (2.7 percent); and the machinery group indicated an increase of 14,900 wage earners, a rise of 2.0 percent. The leather group added 9,100 workers to the pay rolls, the nonferrous metals group added 5,700, the stone-clay-glass group 4,200, the chemical group 3,600, the paper group 2,100, the rubber group 800, and the tobacco group 400. There were declines of 20,900 wage earners (4.2 percent) in the transportation group and 3,400 (1.3 percent) in the railroad repair-shop group. The durablegoods industries had net gains of 1.6 percent in employment and 5.9 percent in pay rolls, and the nondurable-goods industries showed increases of 3.9 percent in employment and 7.1 percent in pay rolls. The largest percentage gains in employment from July to August were in industries which are normally affected by seasonal influences at this time of year. Employment in the beet-sugar industry increased 63.3 percent; millinery, 36.2 percent; canning and preserving, 30.5 percent; women’s clothing, 28.2 percent; cottonseed oil-cake-meal, 27.6 percent; radios and phonographs, 15.6 percent; rubber boots and shoes, 12.9 percent; and fur-felt hats, 11.6 percent. Other industries in which substantial seasonal gains were reported were: Silk and rayon goods, 10.6 percent; jewelry, 8.4 percent; men's furnishings, 7.1 per 3 cent; silverware, 6.9 percent; knit goods, 6.3 percent; furniture, 6.2 percent; men’s clothing, 5.3 percent; and boots and shoes, 3.9 percent. A number of industries, allied to the building construction industry, reported gains in employment, among which were sawmills, 7.8 per cent; steam and hot-water heating apparatus and supplies, 7.2 percent; lighting equipment, 7.2 percent; millwork, 5.9 percent; plumbers' supplies, 3.4 percent; glass, 3.2 percent; and brick, 2.7 percent. The steel works, rolling mills, and blast furnace industry reported a gain of 2.8 percent in number of workers coupled with a gain of 17.4 percent in pay rolls. Employment in the agricultural-implement and machinetool industries continued upward. The gain of 3.3 percent in employ ment in the machine-tool industry brings the level of employment to the highest point recorded since January 1931, and the gain of 0.9 percent in employment in the agricultural-implement industry raised the employment index to the maximum reached since May 1930. The largest percentage decline in employment (6.4) was in the cement industry. Automobile establishments reported a 5.5 percent reduction in number of workers, reflecting a slowing down in a num ber of plants preparatory to production on new models. Among the remaining 22 industries in which decreases were reported over the month interval were cane-sugar refining, 5.1 percent; tools, 3.7 percent; paints and varnishes, 2.8 percent; ice cream, 2.0 percent; hardware, 1.9 percent; steam railroad repair shops, 1.4 percent; slaughtering and meat packing, 1.3 percent; chemicals, 1.2 percent; and cotton goods, 0.9 percent. The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed from reports supplied by representative establishments in 90 manu facturing industries, the 3-year average 1923-25 being taken as the base or 100. In August, reports were received from 23,615 establish ments employing 3,863,668 wage earners whose earnings in the week ending nearest August 15 were $80,536,645. Per capita weekly earnings in all manufacturing industries com bined were $20.84 in August, a gain of 3.8 percent compared with July. Seventy-two of the separate manufacturing industries surveyed showed gains over the month interval, the increases ranging from 0.1 percent to 27.2 percent. These per capita weekly earnings reflect the influence of part-time and over-time worked and should not be confused with full-time weekly rates of pay. Some of the establishments that report employment and pay-roll totals do not report man-hours. Consequently, average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than are used in computing per capita weekly earnings and indexes of employment and pay rolls. Average hours worked per week in all manufacturing industries combined showed a gain of 4.0 percent, but average hourly earnings fell 0.2 4 percent. Seventy-three of the industries for which man-hour data are published showed gains in average hours worked per week and 34 showed higher average hourly earnings. Man-hour data are not published for any industry for which available information covers less than 20 percent of all employees in that industry. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings and per capita weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in August are presented in table 1. Per centage changes from July 1935 to August 1935 and from August 1934 to August 1935 are also given in this table. Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, August 1935 Employment Industry All industries 3______________ __________________ Durable goods_____________________________ Nondurable goods 3............... ........................... Index August 1935 (3year aver age 1923-25 = 100) Per capita weekly earnings 1 Pay roll Percentage change from— Index August 1935 (3year aver age 1923-25 =100) Percentage change from— July 1935 A u gust 1934 69.6 58.9 83.2 + 6 .6 + 5 .9 + 7.1 +11.9 +17.8 + 6.8 +6.7 +5.7 - .8 - 3 .9 59.6 61.6 61.3 29.6 +12.9 +17.4 +13.2 + 4 .6 + 6 .2 + 1.7 - 1 .9 + 3.4 - 2 .7 +11.6 - 5 .5 +54.4 57.1 42.3 39.4 58.7 53.0 102.0 57.9 104.0 + 7 .2 + 3.9 + 1.8 + 4 .0 +9.1 +16.3 - 1 .9 + 4.9 60.0 118.7 - 3 .7 + 1 .9 87.3 117.8 + 2.0 + .9 Aver age in Au gust 1935 Percentage change from— July 1935 A u gust 1934 $20.84 23.55 19.27 + 3 .8 + 4 .4 + 3.0 + 9 .0 +10.7 + 6 .9 +31.0 +40.0 +15.0 + 1 .4 23.10 23. 05 20. 72 16.28 + 9.9 +14.3 +10.7 + 4 .4 + 5. 7 + 9 .9 - 2 .3 + 9 .8 + 7 .7 +21.9 + 4 .0 +72.6 19. 54 21. 52 19.11 20.84 36.4 80.4 43.9 103.6 +12.9 +12.0 + 4 .0 + 6.1 +20.1 +39.3 + 5 .0 +10.7 +4.5 + 2.1 55.2 105.1 + .3 -1 .2 +10.6 +76.3 71.3 137.5 + 5 .5 + 1 .7 July 1935 Au gust 1934 81.7 70.4 94.0 + 3.8 + 1.6 +3.9 +2.8 + 6.5 .0 73.3 73.7 77.1 51.7 +3.7 + 2.8 + 2 .2 + .2 75. 6 57.9 48.5 93.4 Average hours worked per week 2 A ver age in A u gust 1935 Percentage change from— Average hourly earn ings* Aver age in A u gust 1935 Percentage change from— July 1935 A u gust 1934 36.6 37.0 36.2 + 4 .0 + 4 .8 + 3 .8 + 7 .3 + 8 .9 + 5.9 Cents 56.8 60.7 53.4 - 0 .3 -.3 - .2 + 1 .5 + 1 .2 + 2.3 +22.8 +32.4 +15.4 + 5 .8 35.8 34.9 36.2 32.2 + 9 .1 +14.1 +11.0 + 3 .9 +19.7 +30.5 +15.8 + 4 .6 61.1 66.0 57.2 50.0 + .2 + .5 -.3 + .2 + .7 + .3 - 1 .5 -.3 -.5 + 8 .0 -.4 + 6 .3 +10.7 + 9 .0 +10.8 +11.7 36.5 35.3 34.9 38.1 + 3 .4 + 7 .0 -0 .9 + 6 .7 + 9 .5 + 5 .0 +13.6 +16.3 53.3 61.1 55.0 54.6 - 3 .8 + 1 .3 -.5 -.4 + .5 + 5 .7 - 4 .5 - 3 .8 21.88 21.96 20.99 21.02 + 5 .2 + 7 .8 + 2 .2 + 2 .0 + 9 .6 +19.6 + 6 .7 + 5 .5 37.3 39.0 36.1 40.3 + 5 .1 + 6 .6 + 3 .1 + 2 .3 + 7 .3 +14.4 + 5.1 + 6 .2 58.6 55.5 58.2 52.2 -.2 -.4 -.9 .0 + 1 .2 + 2 .8 + 1 .3 .5 +12.7 + 16.6 20.81 17. 67 + 4 .2 - 3 .1 + 7 .2 +14.4 38.2 32.0 + 3 .5 + .6 + 1 .8 +10.8 54.1 55.3 +• 6 - 2 .3 + 6 .5 + 3 .2 +22.5 +101. 3 23.26 24.82 + 3 .4 + .8 +10.9 + 14.0 38.0 40.0 + 4 .1 + .3 + 9 .9 +5. 3 60.3 62.4 -.5 + .5 + .5 + 7 .1 July 1935 Au gust 1934 Durable goods Iron and steel and their products, not in cluding m achinery______________- __________ Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills—. Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets.......................... Cast-iron pipe........... .............................. ............. Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut lery), and edge tools.................... ................... Forgings, iron and steel ..................................... Hardware............. ..................... ............................. Plumbers’ supplies........... ................................... Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings........................................... ......... Stoves______________________________________ Structural and ornamental metalwork............. T in cans and other tinware............................ . . Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws)...................... ................. ......... Wire work................................... ....................... . Machinery, n o t including transportation equipm ent—____ ____________________________ Agricultural im plem ents.____ ______________ Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu lating machines............. ............ ....................... Electrical machinery, apparatus, and sup plies...................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 102.0 -.7 - 3 .5 85.8 + .2 + 2 .1 27.60 + .9 + 5 .8 40.0 + .8 + 2 .8 69.6 .0 + 1 .9 70.4 + 1 .2 + 7.8 57.8 + 5 .6 +15.1 22.71 + 4 .3 + 6 .7 36.8 + 4 .8 + 8 .4 61.1 -.3 -2 .0 Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, August 1935— Continued Employment Industry Index August 1935 (3year aver age 1923-25 =100) Per capita weekly' earnings 1 Pay roll Percentage change from— July 1935 A u gust 1934 101.1 74.0 91.9 213.8 62.6 97.6 83.5 453.4 95.1 32.2 21.5 72.4 52.8 65.3 51.9 80.0 75.5 78.2 (*) + .8 + 3 .3 +15.6 -1 .4 + .5 - 4 .2 +4.8 - 5 .5 + 1 .7 + 7 .7 + 1 .5 - 1 .3 + .2 - 1 .4 + 2 .6 + 1.1 +1.1 +40.8 + 7 .2 +39.0 - 1 .7 - 5 .9 - 2 .1 -.2 +36.0 + 2 .8 -3 7 .7 -4 4 .2 + 1 .7 - 4 .3 - 1 .1 - 4 .6 + 9 .0 +12.0 + 7.6 80.7 72.5 73.9 69.8 80.8 101.9 + .8 + 8 .4 + 7 .2 + 6 .9 + .7 + 1 .5 +17.1 +10.4 +19.4 +. 7 +14.6 + 4 .6 Index August 1935 (3year aver age 1923-25 = 100) Percentage change from— July 1935 A u gust 1934 73.9 60.0 80.5 133.9 50.5 80.0 71.6 378.4 80.6 30.4 9.1 61.5 49.0 59.6 48.3 64.6 65.8 61.1 + 1 .9 + 5 .8 + 6 .2 +18.6 - 1 .4 +. 8 - 4 .1 +10.1 -5 .9 + 8 .7 + 11.2 + 3 .6 + 1 .7 + 1 .4 + 1 .6 + 8 .4 +12.8 + 6 .2 +54.3 + 19.3 +64.3 + 8 .8 + 2 .4 -7 .6 + 1.7 +25.4 + 5 .4 -4 0 .6 -4 8 .6 + 9 .0 + 1 .0 + 1 .9 +. 8 +21.4 +59.7 +19.3 68.8 54.8 66.6 52.0 53.2 82.3 +10.1 +14.7 +13.0 + 8 .1 + .3 +11.3 + 26.7 +10.3 + 38.2 + 7 .7 +24.3 +18.4 Aver age in A u gust 1935 Percentage change from— July 1935 Au gust 1934 $26.28 22.88 26.24 19.12 22.48 20.98 25.06 25. 52 25.30 19.82 22.20 24.64 26.31 27.18 26.10 21.02 21.08 22.64 + 1 .9 + 5 .0 + 2 .8 + 2 .7 +. 1 + .3 .0 + 5.1 -.4 + 6 .8 + 3 .3 + 2 .0 + 3 .0 + 1 .2 + 3 .1 + 5 .8 +11.5 + 5 .0 + 9 .1 +11.5 +18.0 +10.9 +10.5 -5 .6 + 1 .9 -7 .7 + 2 .4 - 4 .2 -7 .8 + 7 .5 + 5 .6 + 3 .1 + 5 .9 +11.4 +49.7 +11.1 19.28 19.69 21.14 21.24 21.23 19.02 + 9 .2 + 5 .8 + 5 .4 + 1 .0 -.4 + 9 .7 + 8 .5 + .3 +15.6 + 6 .7 + 8. 5 +13.3 Average hours worked per week 2 A ver age in A u gust 1935 Percentage change from— Average hourly earn ings * A ver age in A u gust 1935 Percentage change from— July 1935 Au gust 1934 38.9 38.2 42.1 37.2 36.5 36.7 33.4 40.7 33.2 33.1 33.9 32.8 38.7 44.2 38.2 38.4 39.1 38.7 + 1 .0 + 5 .2 + 3 .4 + 6 .3 .0 + 1.1 -.6 + 3 .3 -1 .2 + 6 .8 + 2 .4 +• 6 + 2 .9 + 1 .4 + 3 .2 + 6 .4 +13.0 + 5 .2 + 3 .9 + 9 .5 + 17.8 +11.9 + 9 .3 -5 .9 -1 .4 -1 .4 - 2 .1 -5 .8 -1 0 .2 + 5 .5 -2 .3 + 1 .1 -2 .3 +11.1 +62.1 + 9 .8 Cents 67.5 59.7 62.5 51.4 61.9 57.1 74.8 63.4 76.1 60.2 65.4 73.9 67.5 61.0 68.1 54.4 53.9 58.6 + 0 .7 -.2 -.3 -3 .6 + .3 -1 .0 + .5 + .3 + .7 + .2 + .6 + .8 -.1 -.3 -.1 -.7 -1 .3 .0 + 4 .5 + 1 .6 + .6 - 5 .5 + 1 .1 + .6 + 4 .4 -.7 + 3 .8 + .6 +1. 5 + 2 .0 + 6 .7 + 1 .3 + 7 .2 + 2 .1 -5 .4 + 1.9 39.3 37.2 40.3 36.6 37.8 38.0 +10.1 + 9 .7 + 7 .5 + .8 .0 +10.8 + 5 .9 + 3 .5 +16.1 + 6 .7 + 3 .8 +11.3 49.1 53.2 52.3 57.7 55.9 49.8 -.8 -3 .4 -1 .3 .0 -.5 -.8 + 3 .0 + 1 .5 + .6 + .4 + 4 .8 + 2 .2 July 1935 A u gust 1934 Durable goods—Continued Machinery, not including transportation equipm ent—Continued Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels. Foundry and machine-shop p rod u cts............. Machine tools................ .......... ..................... ....... Radios and phonographs.................................... Textile machinery and p a rts.................. .......... Typewriters and parts_____ _________________ Transportation equipm ent— ______ __________ A ircra ft................................................................ Automobiles........................ .......................... ....... Cars, electric- and steam-railroad........... .......... Locom otives...... ...................................... ........... Shipbuilding......................................................... Railroad repair shops_______ __________________ Electric railroad............................... ..................... Steam railroad__ _________________ ________ Nonferrous metals and their products______ Alum inum manufactures--------------------- --------Brass, bronze, and copper products....... .......... Clocks and watches and time-recording de vices........ ............................... ............ ................ Jewelry______ _______________________________ Lighting equipment.......................................... Silverware and plated ware__________________ Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. S tamped and enameled ware............................ . 21259-—35- L u m b e r a n d allied p r o d u c ts ______ . . . _______ Furniture........ ..................................................... Lumber: M illw ork............ .......... . . .............................. S aw m ills„_........ ....................................... . Turpentine and rosin.......... .......... ............ ........ S to n e , cla y, a n d glass p r o d u c ts ______________ Brick, tile, and terra cotta_____________ ____ Cement_____ _______________________________ G lass._____ _________________________ _____ _ M arble, granite, slate, and other products___ Pottery................................................................... 55.3 73.4 +6.6 + 6 .2 +12.9 +16.7 44.4 56.0 +15.9 +15.7 +32.5 +31.1 17.95 18.18 + 8 .8 + 8 .9 +17.4 +12.3 40.0 40.5 +7 0 +10.4 +15.5 +15.7 44.7 44.6 + 2 .1 - 1 .3 + .9 -2 .3 47.5 36.6 99 1 55.9 33.8 53.8 95.7 29.6 67.0 + 5.9 + 7 .8 + 3 +2! 2 + 2.7 - 6 .4 + 3 .2 - 1 .1 + 7.3 +31.2 + 8 .0 + 8 +5! 3 + 6.3 - 2 .2 + 9 .2 -5 .4 + 5 .7 37.7 27.9 59 3 4o! 9 21.2 35.8 82.3 20.5 46.6 +10.4 +19.4 +3 2 + 5 .1 + 5 .3 - 5 .6 + 6 .9 +. 4 +12.1 +63.2 + 26.2 +15 6 +17.2 +26.2 + 1.1 +20.7 + 2 .0 +23.3 18.28 17.90 12.06 19.17 16.13 19. 78 20.11 23.08 18. 71 + 4 .3 +10.8 + 3 .0 + 3 .0 + 2. 5 + .8 + 3 .6 + 1 .5 + 4 .5 +24.7 +17.3 +14.4 +11.4 +19.3 +3. 5 +10.8 + 7 .4 +17.7 40.3 39.3 + 3 .3 + 5 .9 +25.4 +14.1 45.0 46.4 + .9 + 5 .5 +. 8 + 3 .7 35.4 36.1 35.4 35.2 34.3 35.2 + 2 .9 + 2 .0 + 1.1 + 3 .5 + 3 .0 + 4 .1 + 9 .3 +13.2 + 5 .5 + 6 .7 + 7 .8 +13.2 54.8 44.9 56.0 57.4 67.9 54.7 -.4 -.2 .0 -.2 - 1 .9 + .6 + 2 .9 + 2 .7 -.9 + 3 .0 + 1 .1 + 9 .4 92.9 89.9 83.7 81.6 77.1 102.9 90.5 110.4 75.5 97.3 96.0 93.6 121.4 85.3 98.0 57.6 105! 9 90.1 89.1 94.4 109.9 111.7 179.0 76.9 180.9 69.8 76.3 85.9 79.4 77.1 81.1 57.9 64.4 57.0 +5 .8 + 2.7 + 1 .2 - .9 - 3 .5 + 1.6 +11.6 + 6.3 +10.6 + 3.1 +13.7 + 5 .3 +28.2 -.2 + 7.1 +36 2 + 6 .9 + 3.2 + 3.9 + 1 .0 + 5 .4 + .2 + .3 —1.4 +30.5 + 2 .0 + 2.3 - 2 .0 - 1 .3 +63.3 - 5 .1 + .5 -2 .2 + .9 + 5 .3 + 5 .0 +27.8 - 8 .0 -.4 + 2.3 + 9.3 + 7.6 + 2 .2 +42.3 + 6.5 + 5.9 +10.4 - 2 .8 + 3.9 —11.9 + 8 .8 - 1 .1 - 3 .0 + 6 .8 -1 0 .0 - 3 .5 - 3 .7 —10.1 - 6 .9 - 2 .4 - 2 .4 - 3 .2 -2 9 .4 + 5 .0 - 7 .3 -1 1 .1 -1 2 .5 -1 0 .9 78.9 76.5 80.6 64.8 64.3 84.3 99.9 105.5 65.1 76.9 78.8 74.3 97.9 72.5 67.4 52. 5 102’. 9 81.7 77.7 94.2 99.8 95.7 189.8 60.4 216.2 60.4 66.1 69.3 73.2 70.7 71.3 46.6 65.1 44.2 +15.4 + 9.1 + 6 .4 + 1 .0 - 1 .3 +14.7 +21.7 +23.0 +17.5 + 3 .2 +29.6 +13.3 +55.4 -.9 +21.0 +73. 2 +12’. 8 + 5 .4 + 6 .4 + 3 .2 + 4 .0 -.8 - 1 .5 —1.5 +29.4 + 6 .0 + 3 .1 -3 .5 -2 .5 +62.3 -2 .0 - 2 .1 - 2 .6 - 1 .9 +15.9 +18.2 +68.3 + 2 .4 + 5.8 + 9 .6 +10.0 +18.0 + 9 .0 +60.2 +11.6 +13.3 +14.9 - 4 .1 + 7 .2 —11.6 +13! 5 + 3 .8 - 1 .8 +23.8 - 5 .0 - 2 .1 + 2 .6 —3.7 +10.6 -.7 + 2 .0 +• 7 -2 6 .1 +24.7 - 3 .6 - 5 .5 - 2 .3 -6 .2 16.21 15.70 21.86 12.49 16.12 19.31 27.43 16. 32 15.92 18.10 17.90 18.61 20.18 13. 77 13.78 21.43 12.95 19.57 19. 02 21. 59 20.30 21. 54 31.91 20.80 14.16 15.58 21.41 25.27 22.87 21.96 22.36 14.30 15.66 14.07 + 9 .0 + 6 .2 + 5 .1 + 1 .9 + 2 .3 +12.9 + 9.1 +15.8 + 6 .3 +. 1 + 14.0 + 7 .6 +21.2 -.6 +13.0 +27.2 + 5 .5 + 2 .1 + 2 .4 + 2 .2 - 1 .3 -1 .0 -1 .8 - ( 4) -.8 + 3 .9 + .8 -1 .5 -1 .2 -.6 + 3 .3 -2 .5 -.4 -2 .8 +10.0 +12.6 +31.5 +11.3 + 6 .4 + 7 .3 +• 9 + 9 .7 + 7.1 +12.6 + 4. 7 + 6 .9 + 4 .1 -1 .0 + 3 .0 + .7 + 4 .4 + 5 .0 + 1 .6 +15.7 + 5 .5 + 1 .5 + 6 .4 + 7 .1 +19.0 + 1 .7 + 4 .8 + 4 .2 + 4 .6 +19.1 + 4 .0 + 6 .3 +11.6 + 5 .2 34.0 34.8 37.9 33.2 35.7 36.3 38.8 34.4 35.9 36.6 32.3 31.5 33.0 28.8 31.3 + 6 .3 + 5 .5 + 6 .2 + 2 .5 + 1 .4 +13.8 + 6 .0 +14.3 + 7 .2 -.3 + 8 .8 + 7 .5 + 8 .6 -8 .0 +13.8 +10.5 +11.5 +26.6 +13.7 + 8 .7 + 7 .3 + 1 .3 + 4 .8 + 9 .2 +16.4 + 6 .2 + 7 .5 + 7 .7 -8 .0 - 1 .1 48.1 45.0 57.1 37.7 44.8 53.3 70.8 48.0 44.3 49.5 54.8 58.1 59.8 45.4 37.6 + 1 .9 .7 + .9 -.3 + .2 + .2 + 1 .9 + 1 .5 -.9 +. 4 + 2 .8 .0 + 8.1 + 3 .2 - 3 .3 + .4 + 1 .7 + 5 .2 +. 1 - 2 .1 + 2.1 - 1 .5 + 2 .9 - 1 .4 - 2 .6 - 3 .8 - 3 .7 - 5 .0 + 4 .3 + 2 .5 33.1 37.8 37.7 38.4 39.6 39.7 41.5 +10.0 + .8 + .8 + 1 .6 - 1 .0 -1 .7 -1 .9 + 5 .2 + 5 .3 + 5 .4 + 5 .9 + 3 .9 + 2 .7 + 6 .7 39.4 52.1 50.9 56.3 51.3 54.0 77.2 - 4 .6 + .4 + .4 .0 - 1 .2 + .4 + .1 + 0 .1 + 2 .2 + 1 .8 +4 .1 + 2 .6 - 1 .4 + .3 37.8 35.3 39.6 47.1 40.2 43.5 37.6 35.4 35.7 35.4 -1 .6 + 5 .4 + 1 .0 - 1 .5 -2 .0 + 20.2 .0 - 3 .3 +. 3 -3 .8 +20.0 + 2 .7 + 6 .5 -.6 - 6 .8 +11.6 -5 .2 - 1 .3 + 6 .4 -2 .7 37.8 44.8 53.8 53.3 55.9 51.2 58.8 40.7 44.1 40.2 + 1 .6 -.9 -.2 .0 + .7 -1 8 .3 + 3 .2 .0 -.5 + .2 + 3 .7 + 1 .3 -.3 + 5 .0 +11.3 + 3 .4 + 8 .0 + 6 .6 + 4 .6 + 7 .2 Nondurable goods Textiles a n d th eir p ro d u c ts 3. ________________ F abrics3............................................ ..................... Carpets and rugs.................................. ........ Cotton goods___________________________ Cotton small wares______________________ D yeing and finishing textiles 3.................... Hats, fur-felt____ _______________________ K nit g o o d s ................................... ................. Silk and rayon goods_______________ ____ W oolen and worsted good s.______ ______ Wearing apparel___ ________________________ Clothing, m en’s_________________________ Clothing, wom en’s______________________ Corsets and allied garments____ ________ M en ’s furnishings............. ............................ M illinery_____ _________________________ Shirts and collars----------------------- ------------L ea th er a n d its m a n u fa c t u r e s _______________ Boots and shoes............................. ............. ........ Leather____ ________________________________ F o o d a n d k in d re d p r o d u c ts __________________ Baking________ __________ __________________ Beverages............. .................................................. B utter________________ ____________ _____ _ Canning and preserving......... .................... ....... C onfectionery...... ........................................ ........ Flour.............................. ......................................... Ice cream______ _________________________ _ Slaughtering and meat packing_____________ Sugar, beet......... ........................ .......................... Sugar refining, cane__________________ ______ T o b a c c o m a n u fa c t u r e s _______________________ Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff____ Cigars and cigarettes._________ _____________ See footnotes at end of table. Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, August 1935— Continued Employment Industry Index August 1935 (3year aver age 1923-25 = 100) Per capita weekly earnings1 Pay roll Percentage change from— July 1935 Au gust 1934 95.9 85.3 108.8 + 0 .4 + 2 .4 -.1 + 2.2 + 1.4 + 3.8 87.6 96.5 + 1.1 -.5 107.9 106.9 107.7 59.6 97.3 86.5 69.5 105.5 340.3 98.0 112.2 77.9 51.2 117.1 69.7 Index August 1935 (3year aver age 1923-25 = 100) Percentage change from— Aver age in A u gust 1935 Percentage change from— July 1935 A u gust 1934 $24.18 18.88 20.19 + 1 .5 + 3 .9 + 2 .5 + 3 .5 + 3 .8 + 6 .5 + 6 .8 + 1 .6 26.94 32.64 -.3 + 1 .6 + 1 .7 + 1 .7 +. 8 + 29.5 -.3 +10.0 + 2 .1 - 1 .3 + 5 .5 -.6 + 2 .0 + 4 .9 +18.6 + 7 .8 + 8 .7 + 4.5 -8 .6 + 2 .3 + 5 .5 +10.1 +12.7 +18.9 + 8 .9 + 5 .5 + 9 .4 -2 .2 23.64 21. 57 25.97 10.03 20.32 24.91 13.47 23.17 19. 70 23.16 28.07 22.65 19.00 + 3.9 + 3 .0 +10.3 +11.8 19. 42 25. 59 July 1935 Au gust 1934 83.0 78.7 87.2 + 2 .0 + 6 .5 + 2 .5 + 5 .9 + 5 .6 +10.7 + 3.1 -.1 76.5 86.3 + .9 + 1.1 + 1 .0 + 1.1 - 1 .2 +27.6 + 2 .3 +• 4 + 2 .2 - 2 .8 + 3 .8 - 1 .3 + .9 +. 8 +12.9 + .9 + 1.5 - 2 .9 -1 7 .7 - 1 .3 - 4 .4 - 4 .1 + 6.5 +11.9 -.6 - 1 .1 - 3 .5 - 7 .2 97.0 95.4 100.8 62.5 92.0 76.9 63.3 87.8 253.4 93.8 102.5 64.3 49.4 -.4 -.9 + 1.0 - 5 .7 98.6 55.8 Average hours worked per week 2 Aver age in Au gust 1935 Percentage change frem— Aver age in A u gust 1935 Percentage change from— A u gust 1934 July 1935 A u gust 1934 37.4 37.9 38.2 + 2 .2 + 5 .3 + 3 .0 + 3 .0 + 3 .9 + 4 .9 Cents 68.4 49.9 52.8 -0 .6 - 1 .2 -.6 + 2 .2 +. 2 + 1 .8 + 3 .6 + 1 .5 37.1 36.5 + 1 .1 + .6 + 4 .0 -.2 73.0 89.8 -1 .4 + .6 + 1 .9 + 4 .5 + .7 + .6 + .4 + 1 .5 - 2 .6 + 9 .7 -.1 + 1 .5 + 1 .7 +• 7 + 1.1 + 4 .0 + 5 .1 + 6 .8 + 7 .0 + 7 .3 + 11.2 + 3 .4 + 10.8 + 14.4 + 5 .9 + 6 .3 + 9 .7 + 6 .6 +13.2 + 5 .6 37.8 38.9 40.3 42.9 36.9 36.3 34.5 39.3 38.3 37.8 35.0 33.7 36.6 + 1 .3 + 1 .6 + 1 .5 + 3 .6 -3 .7 + 9 .3 + .3 + 1 .0 + 1 .6 + 1 .1 + 1 .4 + 4 .0 + 5 .8 + 4 .4 + 5.1 + 6 .3 +18.8 -1 .8 + 5 .0 +10.1 + 3 .0 + 4 .6 - 4 .3 + 3 .3 + 9 .4 + 1 .6 62.7 55.9 64.5 23.6 54.9 65.6 39.0 59.0 51.4 61.4 80.9 68.6 51.9 -.9 -1 .2 -.9 - 2 .5 -.4 - 1 .2 -.8 + .3 .0 -.5 -.1 -.4 -.8 + 3 .4 + 2.5 + .2 -5 .2 + .2 + 4 .4 + 3 .7 + 3.1 + 1 .4 +13.9 + 5 .8 + 3 .6 + 3 .4 + 4 .3 + 3 .9 + 9.1 +18.3 37.0 30.5 + 3 .6 + 3 .4 + 6 .8 +12.1 52.8 84.4 -.2 + .1 + .7 + 6 .3 Nondurable goods—Continued P ap er a n d p r in t in g ______________ _____________ Boxes, paper____ ___________________________ Paper and p u lp........ ............................................ Printing and publishing: Book and jo b ................................................ Newspapers and periodicals....................... C h em ica ls a n d allied p r o d u c ts , a n d p e t r o le u m r e fin in g ..____ ______________ ___________ Other than petroleum refining........................... Chemicals-...................................................... Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal............. . Druggists’ preparations................................ Explosives..................................... ................. Fertilizers......................................................... Paints and varnishes_____________ _______ Rayon and allied products.......... ................ Soap........ ......................................... ............. Petroleum refin in g ............................ .................. R u b b e r p r o d u c ts ......... ................... ......................... R ubber boots and shoes....................................... R ubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires', and inner tubes_______ ____________________ Rubber tires and inner tubes............................. Average hourly earn ings 2 July 1935 i Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. Percentage changes over month in the groups and in “ A ll industries” also computed from indexes. a Computed from available man-hour data—all reporting establishments do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. The average hours and average hourly earnings in the groups and in “ A ll industries” are weighted. s June-July average hours worked per week and average hourly earnings revised and presented in table below. i Less than Ho of 1 percent, Revised Average Hours and Average Hourly Earnings, July 1935 and July 1934 Percentage change from— Industry- Average hours in July 1935 June 1935 July 1934 Percentage change from— Average hourly earn ings in July 1935 June 1935 July 1934 Cents A ll industries________________________________________________ ____ _______________________ Nondurable goods______________________________________ _____ ____________________________ Textiles and their products____________________________________ ____ _____________________ Fabrics ______ __ __ _______________ ____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Dyeing and finishing tex tiles __ __ _ 35.2 -0 .6 + 5 .1 32.0 32.9 30.5 + .3 -.6 - 3 .8 + 7 .0 + 6 .7 -. 1 53.4 47.1 44.7 54.6 - 0 .7 -.6 —.2 + 2 .2 + 2 .6 +. 4 + 1 .8 + 2 .4 10 Indexes and Estimates o f Factory Em ploym ent and Pay R olls, January 1934 to A ugust 1935 I n d e x e s o f employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable-goods group, and for the nondurable-goods group, by months from January 1934 to August 1935, inclusive, are given in table 2. Estimates of employment and weekly pay rolls for all manufacturing industries combined are also given in this table. The diagram on page 11 indicates the trend of factory employ ment and pay rolls from January 1919 to August 1935. Table 2 .— Indexes and Estimates of Employment and Pay Rolls in All Manu facturing Industries Combined and Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Durable- and Nondurable-Goods Groups * [Indexes based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100.0] Indexes Year and month Estimated number of wage earners Estimated pay rolls (1 week) All manufac turing indus tries combined Em ploy ment 1934 January.................................... February................... .............. M a rch .. ______ _____________ A p ril_____ ________________ M a y _______ .... _ . _____ .. June. ______ _______ _____ July_______________________ August_____ ______________ September_________________ October ____ _____________ N ovem ber__ ______________ Decem ber______ __________ Pay rolls Durable-goods group Em ploy ment Pay rolls N ondurablegoods group Em ploy ment Pay rolls 6,146,000 $109,806,000 6, 514,200 123,395,000 6, 770,100 131, 852,000 6,906,100 136,962, 000 6,912, 600 136, 575, 000 6, 799,900 132, 040, 000 6, 593, 500 123, 011, 000 6, 666,200 126, 603, 000 6, 351,900 118, 089, 000 6, 569, 500 124,138, 000 6,435,000 121, 085, 000 6,536,100 128, 593, 000 73.3 77.7 80.8 82.4 82.5 81.1 78.7 79.5 75.8 78.4 76.8 78.0 54.0 60.6 64.8 67.3 67.1 64.9 60. 5 62.2 53.0 61.0 59.5 63.2 59.8 63.5 67.1 70.0 71.5 70.8 67.4 66.1 64.2 62.8 62.2 64.3 41.6 47.9 52.8 57.4 58.6 56.9 49.9 50.0 45.5 46.4 46.1 50.4 87.9 93.0 95.4 95.8 94.3 92.3 90.8 94.0 88.2 95.1 92.4 92.7 69.7 76.9 80.1 80.0 78.1 75.1 73.9 77.9 74.0 79.6 76.6 79.5 Average........................ 6, 600,100 126, 012, 000 78.8 61.9 65.8 50.3 92.7 76.8 1985 January____ ______________ February______ __________ M arch. ________ _________ A p r il._. . ________________ M a y _________ _____________ June.................. ....................... July_____________________ .. A ugust........ .......... ................ 6, 595,700 6,809, 000 6,906, 300 6,906,100 6, 795, 500 6, 669, 200 6,664, 700 6,850,900 130, 503, 000 140, 618, 000 143,927, 000 144, 075, 000 139, 325, 000 135. 044, 000 132,886, 000 141, 596, 000 78.7 81.2 82.4 82.4 81.1 79.6 79.5 81.7 64.1 69.1 70.7 70.8 68.5 66.4 65.3 69.6 66.1 69.3 70.8 71.6 71.3 69.5 69.3 70.4 52.5 58.6 60.5 61.8 60.1 57.6 55.6 58.9 92.3 94.1 94.8 94.0 91.6 90.4 90.5 94.0 79.0 82.5 83.8 82.3 79.1 77.6 77.7 83.2 1 Comparable indexes for earlier years will be found in the December 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the March 1935 and subsequent issues of the M onthly Labor Review. E m ploym ent a Bar R o lls in M a n u fa c tu r in g In d u stries 3 -year average 1923- 1^2^=100 U .S .D e p a rtm e n t of L a b o r B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T I S T I C S In d e x In d e x w asM n gto a N u m b e rs / 1 y N u m b e rs lUrk Itn 130 IOU 1(CU 1£U 11U A 1UU t /O/l 41 n 11U | if)/) '1UU > Of) yu \ J t 90~- fin ou O/) ou 7 /1 JU \ P r ill ou t v vn 7u \ 7?n77x f n ou W t\fl / r/ 1 JU IIfi 4U 1/fl VsU ?f) OU Hfl ou 0 /1 iU zu in 1U fi u if) 1U iiiiiiin ii 111! 1111111 iiiiiiin ii lllllllllll 19 19 1920 1921 1922 ) llllillllll l llllllllll lllllllllll 1923 1924 192 lllllllllll lllllllllll lllllllllll lllllllllll 1926 1927 1928 1929 lllllllllll lllllllllll 1930 1931 lllllllllll lllllllllll lllllllllll 1932 1933 1934 m 11 r n 111 1935 /} u 12 Trade, Public U tility , M ining, and Service Industries, and Private Building Construction G a in s in employment from July to August were reported in 11 of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and pay rolls increased in 8. The most pronounced increase in employment was in bituminous-coal mining; the 4.8 percent gain in this industry indicates that approximately 15,600 wage earners were added to pay rolls. Wholesale trade showed a gain of 0.9 percent, which represents an increase of about 11,200 employees. Private building construction firms reported 3.6 percent more wage earners and a 4.4 percent increase in weekly wage disbursements. The most pronounced decreases in employment were in anthracite mining (21.7 percent), dyeing and cleaning (2.8 percent) and retail trade (1.8 percent). The estimated equivalents in number of workers represented by these declines were 15,200, 1,400, and 54,000, re spectively. In the aggregate, there were approximately 25,000 fewer workers on the pay rolls of the 17 nonmanufacturing industries sur veyed, and $900,000 less paid in weekly wages. Indexes of employment and pay rolls, per capita weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly earnings in August for 13 of the trade, public utility, mining and service in dustries, together with percentage changes from July 1935 and August 1934, are shown in table 3. Similar information, except indexes of employment and pay rolls, is also presented for private building construction. Man-hour data and indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available for banking, brokerage, or insurance establishments, but the table shows percentage changes in employ ment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly earnings for these three industries. Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings, August 1935 Employment Industry Coal mining: Anthracite.............................................................. B itum inous-.....................„ .................................... Metalliferous m in ing.............. ................................... Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.......................... Crude-petroleum producing....................................... Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph. ................................... Electric light and power and manufactured gas— .................................................................. Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation and maintenance................................................ Trade: Wholesale................................................................ Retail........... ........................................................... General merchandising................................. Other than general merchandising............. Hotels (cash payments only) 3.................................... Laundries...................................................................... Dyeing and cleaning................................ .................. Banks___________________________________________ Brokerage....................................................................... Insurance.......... ............................................................ Building construction.................................................. Index Aug. 1935 (aver age 1929= 100) 38.7 73.4 46.3 51.0 78.9 Per capita weekly earnings1 P ay roll Percentage change from— July 1935 Aug. 1934 -2 1 .7 + 4.8 + 2.5 +• 2 + 1 .9 -2 1 .8 - 4 .8 + 8.4 - 6 .8 - 4 .6 Index Aug. 1935 (aver age 1929= 100) 28.3 45.8 33.4 36.3 61.1 Percentage change from— July 1935 Aug. 1934 -2 4 .6 +27.6 + 7 .4 +5. 6 + 1 .9 -2 8 .7 - 9 .1 +23.7 + 6 .8 -.2 A ver age in Aug. 1935 $21.28 15.97 22.32 17.58 28.53 Percentage change from— July 1935 Aug. 1934 - 3 .8 +21.8 + 4 .7 + 5 .3 + .1 - 8 .9 -4 .6 +14.1 +14.5 + 4 .6 Average hours worked per week 1 Aver age in Aug. 1935 Percentage change from— July 1935 Aug. 1934 24.1 21.8 38.0 37.5 36.4 -1 0 .1 +19.8 + 4.1 + 5 .3 + .6 -1 1 .8 -2 .7 + 7 .7 + 9 .7 - 1 .2 Average hourly earnings1 Aver age in Aug. 1935 Cents 83.2 73.7 58.0 47.0 76.7 Percentage change from— July 1935 + 0 .8 .0 + .3 -.6 -.4 Aug. 1934 - 0 .5 + 1.1 + 7 .6 -.8 + 3 .0 70.5 + .3 -.7 75.5 -.2 + 2 .0 28.38 -.6 + 2 .8 38.6 + 1 .3 -.3 76.0 - 1 .4 + 6.1 85.7 + 1.1 + .1 81.5 - ( 2) + 2 .0 29.77 - 1 .1 + 1 .9 39.4 + .5 + 1 .8 74.9 -1 .6 + 2 .2 71.2 -.4 - 2 .2 63.3 -.2 + .8 28.30 + .2 + 3 .0 44.8 + .2 + 1 .1 61.9 -.2 + 1 .6 82.8 77.7 81.7 76.7 80.7 84.2 79.4 + .9 - 1 .8 - 3 .4 - 1 .3 + .5 -.3 - 2 .8 + .3 + 3 .4 -.2 + 3 .6 + .4 -.1 + .6 -.3 + .9 + .6 + 1.0 + 1.7 - 3 .9 + 1.1 + 7.6 64.8 59.2 69.0 57.2 62.0 69.2 58.2 (*) (*) (4) (*) + .3 - 2 .1 - 3 .8 - 1 .5 -.1 - 2 .4 - 5 .4 + .3 + 4 .6 -5 .0 + 4 .4 + 3 .3 + 1 .4 + 3.1 +1.1 + 3 .0 + 3 .9 + 2 .6 + 1 .3 - 2 .4 + 1 .5 +16.8 26.93 20.42 17.79 22.41 13. 26 15. 56 17.98 31.77 35.60 35.76 25.06 -.6 -.2 -.4 -.2 -.5 - 2 .1 -2 .7 + ( 8) + 1 .1 -4 .8 + .8 + 3 .0 + 1 .5 + 2 .5 + 1 .4 + 2 .0 + 3 .3 + 1 .7 -.4 + 1 .6 +. 4 + 8 .7 41.5 42.0 38.4 43.0 47.8 41.3 41.4 (*) (4) 0) 31.0 + .2 + .2 + .3 + .2 .0 - 1 .2 -.7 (*) 0) 0) + .3 + 2 .1 + 4 .9 + 2 .2 + 5 .4 + 1 .7 + 4 .4 -2 .7 (*) (*) 0) + 9 .1 64.5 51.7 48.2 52.7 27.5 36.3 43.1 (<) 0) 0) 80.8 - 1 .1 -.2 -.6 -.2 .0 -.5 -1 .8 (4) («) (4) + .7 + .9 -.5 -.3 -.8 .0 -.5 - 1 .1 0) (4) 0) + 2 .1 h h w 1 Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are com puted from data furnished b y a smaller number of establishments as some firms do not report man-hour information. Percentage changes over year com puted from indexes. 2 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 3 The additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. * N ot available. 14 Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Trade, Public Utility, Mining, Service Industries, and Building Construction, January 1934 to August 1935 I n d e x e s of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility, mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade are shown by months in table 4 for the period, January 1934 to August 1935. T a b le 4 .— Indexes o f E m p lo y m e n t and P a y R olls, January 1 9 3 4 to A u g u s t 1935 1 [12-month average, 1929=100.0] Anthracite mining M on th E m ploy ment Pay rolls Bituminous-coal mining E m ploy ment Pay rolls Metalliferous mining Quarrying and nonmetallic mining E m ploy ment E m p loy ment Pay rolls P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 J a n u a ry .......... February_____ M arch________ A p ril_________ M a y ................. June__________ J u l y - ........... August_______ September....... October______ N ovem ber____ D ecem ber------- 64 1 63.2 67.5 58.2 63.8 57.5 53.6 49.5 56.9 58.5 60.7 61.6 6?, 9 64 4 51.4 52.6 53.5 56.8 49.4 38.7 73 2 65.8 82.4 51.7 64.0 53.3 42.3 39.7 47.0 48.3 51.2 52.3 57 5 64.3 38.9 49.9 49.5 66.0 37.5 28.3 Average. 59.6 ........ 55.9 . . . . . Crude-petroleum producing M on th E m ploy ment Pay rolls 75 8 76.1 77.8 72.2 76.7 76.7 77.0 77.1 78.2 79.3 79.8 79.7 80.0 81.1 81.6 74.3 75.3 77.9 70.0 73.4 77.2 51.3 54.6 58.9 51.4 54.4 55.1 49.7 50.4 51.4 57.6 58.3 57.0 59.6 66.1 67.5 45.0 49.1 64.7 35.9 45.8 54.2 39.6 40.3 39.8 41.7 40.8 41.0 39.9 42.7 42.3 43.3 43.2 44.4 44.3 44.3 45.0 46.0 44.4 46.0 45.2 46.3 41.6 . . . . . 25.4 26.0 25.9 27.2 25.6 26.7 25.1 27.0 25.9 28.2 28.5 29.4 30.1 29.9 30.9 31.8 31.4 31.5 31.1 33.4 39.7 38.8 42.0 48.7 54.3 56.6 55.6 54.7 53.3 51.8 49.5 42.1 26.7 ........ 48.9 36.9 37.3 40.5 45.3 49.5 50.4 50.9 51.0 21.3 21.0 24.1 29.9 35.0 37.0 35.0 34.0 32.4 32.1 29.4 23.6 1935 20.8 22.2 24.9 28.9 32.8 33.8 34.4 36.3 29.6 ........ Telephone and tele graph Electric light and power and m anu factured gas Electric-railroad and m otor-bu s opera tion and mainte* nance 2 E m ploy ment E m ploy ment E m p loy ment P ay rolls Pay rolls P ay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 Jan uary._____ 73.2 74.9 53.0 February_____ 72.4 74.2 50.5 M arch________ 72.8 74.0 52.5 A p ril_________ 74.0 74.9 53.4 M a y .............. . 76.7 76.0 56.4 June__________ 80.0 376.7 56.9 July__________ 81.6 377.4 60.0 August _ ____ 82.7 78.9 61.2 59.7 September____ 81.8 60.8 October 79.5 N ovem ber____ 78.8 ------- 59.0 59.5 D ecem ber____ 78.7 Average . 77.7 56.9 55.5 54.9 56.0 56.7 57.8 359.2 359.9 61.1 --- 70.2 69.8 70.0 70.2 70.2 70.4 71.0 71.0 70.9 70.3 69.9 69.7 70.3 70.5 70.0 69.8 69.7 70.0 70.2 70.3 70.5 _____ 82.2 81.2 81.7 82.4 83.1 84.0 85.0 85.6 85.8 85.8 85.5 83.6 73.8 74.4 75.6 76.8 77.6 77.8 81.1 79.9 79.3 80.6 ------- 79.6 78.3 71.5 . . . . . 83.8 ...... 69.0 67.9 70.4 68.8 71.4 71.3 72.3 74.0 72.2 74.9 72.2 ______ 73.2 73.9 72.9 75.3 73.1 73.7 74.4 75.7 75.5 82.7 82.2 82.2 82.6 83.2 83.8 84.7 85.7 --- 78.0 78.3 79.4 79.0 79.8 79.8 81.5 81.5 _____ 77.9 . . . . . 71.2 71.0 71.3 71.4 71.6 71.7 71.5 71.2 _____ 59.2 60.1 62.2 62.9 63.0 63.2 63.8 62.8 62.4 63.0 61.8 62.3 72.1 . . . . . 62.2 70.5 71.0 71.7 72.2 72.6 73.2 73.1 72.8 72.5 72.2 71.8 71.0 --- 62.9 63.1 63.4 63.3 63.6 63.9 63.4 63.3 ------- ...... 1 Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found in the N ovem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues o f the M on th ly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935 issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M onthly Labor Review. 2 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipm ent and railroad, repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 1. s Revised. 15 Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1934 to August 1935 1— Continued Wholesale trade M on th E m ploy ment Pay rolls Total retail trade E m ploy ment Pay rolls Retail trade—general merchandising Retail trade—other than general mer chandising E m ploy ment E m ploy ment Pay rolls Pay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 J anuary............ February......... M arch.............. A pril................. M a y ......... ....... June.............. July.................. A ugu st............. September____ October______ N ovem ber____ December........ 80.6 81.2 81.8 82.1 82.8 82.3 82.2 82.5 83.5 84.3 85.1 85.0 84.2 84.6 84.0 83.2 82.5 82.1 82.1 82.8 60.3 61.0 62.0 63.1 62.6 62.8 63.8 62.7 63.6 64.5 64.2 64.8 Average. 82.8 63.9 64.6 65.2 64.8 64.6 64.6 64.6 64.8 79.8 79.6 81.5 82.5 82.9 82.6 79.0 77.8 81.7 82.6 83.7 91.1 63.0 ........ 82.1 79.5 79.2 80.2 83.6 82.2 82.1 79.1 77.7 59.0 58.8 59.8 61.2 61.5 61.4 60.1 58.4 60.6 61.9 61.9 66.2 59.7 59.3 60.4 62.5 62.0 62.4 60.5 59.2 60.9 86.6 85.0 90.1 91.0 92.0 90.6 83.0 81.2 91.5 94.2 99.9 128.4 92.8 Year-round hotels E m ploy ment M onth 87.3 86.2 88.7 94.5 91.4 90.7 84.5 81.7 Pay rolls 71.1 68.9 71.5 74.0 74.5 73.9 69.5 6& 9 74.0 77.3 80.2 99.0 73.5 72.3 74.1 77.5 76.3 76.3 71.8 69.0 75.1 77.4 77.3 78.0 80.7 79.8 79.8 77.7 76.7 79.2 Laundries E m ploy ment 78.0 78.2 79.3 80.3 80.5 80.5 77.9 76.9 79.1 79.5 79.4 81.3 56.5 56.7 57.4 58.5 58.8 58.8 58.2 56.6 57.8 58.7 58.1 59.4 56.9 56.6 57.6 59.4 59.0 59.5 58.1 57.2 58.0 Dyeing and cleaning Pay rolls E m ploy ment Pay rolls 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 1934 1935 76.4 78.9 80.4 81.5 81.8 June________________________________ 81.9 July________________ ________________ 80.4 August----------------- ------------------------- 80.0 September........................................... . . 80.0 80.9 October _ _ _ _______ N ovem ber__________________________ 80.6 D ecem ber___________________ . __ 80.0 January____ _____ _______________ February-------------- --------------------------M arch______________________________ A pril___________ ____________________ Average............. ........................... 80.2 80.3 81.1 80.8 81.1 81.6 81.3 80.3 80.7 57.2 60.9 62.2 62.7 62.9 62.9 61.5 60.2 61.0 62. 7 62.4 62.2 61.6 62. 2 63.5 63.9 63.6 63.7 63.5 62.1 62 0 ...... 78.5 78.4 79.2 80.5 82.1 84.0 84.6 83.7 82.9 81.7 80.3 79.5 79.6 79.6 79.7 80.0 81.1 82.3 84.4 84.2 . . . . . 81.3 61.7 61.7 62.7 64.4 66.9 68.3 68.2 66.6 65.9 64.8 63.7 63.3 64.9 63.9 64.1 64.6 65.5 66.6 68.2 70.9 69.2 . . . . . . . . . . 68.1 68.1 72.4 79.9 84.3 84.9 80.5 78.6 80.0 80.3 75.8 72. 4 77.1 70.3 69.6 72.5 79.9 80.9 83.6 81.7 79.4 46.8 46.3 51.7 60.8 65.1 64.1 58.9 56.7 59.0 59.1 53.9 51.1 50 4 49.8 53.5 61.9 61.7 65 7 61.5 58.2 56.1 i See footnote on p. 14. Employment on Class I Railroads A c c o r d i n g to preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission there were 999,066 workers exclusive of executives and officials employed in August by class I railroads— that is, roads having operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over. This represents a decrease of 0.7 percent in comparison with the 1,006,495 workers employed in July. Information concerning pay rolls in August was not available at the time this report was prepared. The total compensation of all employees except executives and officials in July was $134,992,051 compared with $131,887,181 in June, a gain of 2.4 percent. The Commission's preliminary irdexes of employment, taking the 3-year average, 1923-25 as 100 0, are 57.0 for July and 56.6 for Au gust. The £nal June index is 56.8. 21259— 35-------3 16 Trend of Employment by States C h a n g e s in employment and pay rolls from July to August 1935 are shown by States in table 5 for all groups combined (except build ing construction) and for all manufacturing industries combined. Data for nonmanufacturing groups which were formerly published in this table are omitted from this printed report but are available in the office of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted. That is, the industries included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not been weighted according to their relative importance. T a b le 5 . — C om parison o f E m p lo y m e n t and P a y R olls in Identical E sta b lish m ents in July and A u g u st 193 5 , b y Geographic D iv ision s and b y S tates [Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics but are taken from reports issued b y cooperating State organizations] Manufacturing Total—All groups Per Per Per Per A m ount cent N um N um cent A m ount of cent G e o g r a p h ic d i N um N um ber cent of pay roll age ber of ber on pay roll age age age vision and State ber of on pay roll change (1 week) change estab pay roll change (1 week) change estab from August from lish August from August lish August from July 1935 July ments July 1935 1935 July 1935 ments 1935 New E n g la n d ___ 13,846 M aine________ 761 N ew H a m p 793,857 50, 325 641 37, 824 shire _____ 427 16, 147 Verm ont______ Massachusetts. 18, 647 430, 758 83, 979 Rhode Island— 1, 256 Connecticut.-. 2, 114 174,824 M id d le A t la n t ic .. 29, 590 1, 707, 515 New Y o rk ____ 16, 936 712, 861 New Jersey___ 3, 755 253,098 Pennsylvania. 8, S99 741, 556 E ast N o rth C e n t r a l____ ______ 18, 841 1, 707,467 O hio--------------- 8, 245 517. 022 Indiana. ______ 1,759 186,905 Illinois________ *4,310 475, 565 1935 550, 665 197,057 - 1 .6 + 9 .3 + 2 .6 4,836,929 + 3 .8 + 4 .3 1,171, 475 2,942, 392 + 4 .4 40, 340 -. 5 + 7 .6 706,137 324, 370 - 1 .6 + 6 .0 177 130 + .9 9,511,952 + 1 .8 1,545 239,518 + 2 .3 1, 679, 080 3, 743, 589 + 3 .3 + . 7 39, 552,116 + 1 . 0 18, 097, m 5, 959,461 + 3 .9 - . 6 15,495,491 + 1.1 + 5 .7 404 651 63, 445 142, 865 + 4 .4 4,985 1,063,890 + 3 .1 21,918 388,406 + 6 .5 £ 753 223,094 + 5 .2 2,314 452,390 38,814, 745 + 2 .7 6, 689 1, 314,164 + .9 11, 658, 348 + 4 .6 + 0 .8 2, 263 367, 369 + 1 .0 + .2 + .9 830 2,034 809 753 152,192 + 5 .0 305,973 + 1 .6 351,653 136,977 6 +T.7 3,151,429 + 11.7 6,793, 739 + 3 .2 8,403,973 —2.3 2,937,375 6 +2.2. + .* 2,165 183,893 + 1 .0 3,944,690 + 1 .1 36, 939 + 2 .3 28,495 -1 .8 79, 475 + 1 .4 833 + 6 .1 1,437 - 1 6 . 3 10, 605 + 3 .4 789,519 567,039 1, 685, 913 20, 214 31, 994 232, 342 + 1.4 -3 .4 + 2 .0 + 8 .0 -1 4 .4 + 3 .6 617, 669 7,264,653 + 2 .3 + 4 .5 177,045 + 6 .6 392,859 83, 439 54, 589 159, 966 4,982 5, 268 30, 802 + .6 8,587,776 + 1 .3 -1 .2 + 1.1 + .4 - 4 .7 + .3 1,858, 934 1,104, 299 3, 512, 775 109, 265 116, 753 661,012 53, 813 + .8 1,224,738 12,105,705 + 1 .4 698, 703 13, 861 + 1 1 .0 + .7 - 2 .4 + .6 + 1 .9 - 4 .6 + (7) 355 390 793 45 33 156 + 2 .7 + 5 .0 393 2,669 278, 327 + 3 .1 80 26,109 457,393 +• 1 29, 612, 360 + 1 .3 + .9 + 2 .2 9, 677 + 1 6 .3 104, 633 + 1 .4 2, 216,197 + 4 .3 554 67,420 6+ 2 .7 33, 583 89, 028 136,058 136, 696 59,902 92, 409 32, 533 - 2 .3 + 1 .0 + 2 .1 + 1 .6 + .7 + 1 .5 “ (0 792, 200 -2 .2 1, 602,804 +. 8 2, 656, 723 + 1 5 .2 1,877, 697 + 6 .5 748, 467 - .3 1, 364, 681 + 1 .2 568, 609 + .4 38 425 245 579 196 369 183 3, 803 58, 312 52, 649 126, 755 52, 957 69, 787 16, 033 -1 .2 +2. 5 + 2 .2 + 1 .8 +• 7 + 1 .8 + 1 .7 See footnotes at end of table. + 3 .0 + 8 .0 + 2 .7 23,661,824 + 7 . 6 9,523,631 + 2 .5 + 5 .0 5,037,358 + 7 .7 + 4 -7 9,100,835 + 10 .5 + 1 .9 + .3 169,15S + 3 .8 30, 567 - 1 .4 9, 985 + 1 2 .3 526, 72G 239 358, 822: 232 Delaware_____ M aryland_____ 1,631 D istrict of C o lum bia.. ... 1, 009 Virginia_______ 2,141 W est Virginia. 1, 230 North Carolina 1, 293 South Carolina 709 Georgia_______ 1,476 Florida............. 1,140 716,161 3,146 + 3 .3 3,512 S o u t h A t l a n t i c . . 10,861 + 4 .9 + 2 .9 + 2 .6 Wisconsin____ s1,015 W est N o rth C e n tral ____________ 11,4C5 Minnesota____ 2, 072 1,711 Iow a_____ Missouri______ 3, 377 North Dakota. 587 South D akota. 567 Nebraska_____ 1, 366 Kansas________ *1,725 + 3 .1 $10,414,679 + 1 .7 $16,899,303 934,175 + 2 .5 3, 913,647 +14 + • 6 10,808,251 8, 788, 654 -2 .4 - . 3 3, 645,845 Michigan_____ 1935 1935 8, 325,844 + 3 .1 + 6 .4 1,353,695 6 + 4 .5 120,967 1,006,092 1,117, 615 1, 708,183 627, 565 914, 611 238, 880 + .2 + 1 .0 + 6 .8 + 7 .4 -.4 + 2 .2 +3. 8 17 Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish ments in July and August 1935, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Con. [Figures in italics are not compiled b\ the Bureau of Labor Statistics but are taken from reports issued by cooperating State organizations] Manufacturing Total—All groups Per PerPer Per cent- Amount of cent cent N um N um G e o g r a p h ic d i N um N um ber cent Amount pay roll age age ber of ber on age of pay roll vision and State ber of on pay roll estab change (1 week) change estab pay roll change (1 week) change from from lish August from August lish August from August July July ments July I 1935 1935 July 1935 1935 ments 1935 1935 1935 1935 East South Cen tral ___________ K entucky____ Tennessee____ Alabam a_____ Mississippi----West S ju th Cen tral_____ ____ Arkansas.. .. Louisiana____ Oklahoma-. Texas__ M o u n t a in ........... M ontana-------Idaho________ W yom ing____ Colorado_____ New M exico-.Arizona__ U t a h ... .......... N evada______ P a c ific .................... W ashington.... Oregon_______ California____ 4,363 1, 369 , 1 211 1,196 587 4,401 9 735 971 1,452 l.f " 4,404 804 448 358 1, 085 372 502 609 246 5,963 3,056 1, 255 W ,662 318,851 83, 482 81, 379 68, 444 15, 546 + 2,7 $3,989,698 1, 454, 958 + 3 .3 + 1.3 1, 345, 751 + 2. 9 963, 554 225, 435 + 7 .2 166,026 + .8 +. 1 + .2 1.1 25,940 40,928 38,491 60,667 + +1.8 114,492 16, 903 9,080 8, 565 40, 440 6, 572 11, 353 18, 396 3,183 408,273 87, 352 49, 917 7 8.8 + 9 .7 + 4 .7 269,004 + 9 .8 +. + 3 .0 - 2 .9 + 6 .3 + 3 .5 + .3 - 1. ' 8.0 + 3,390,834 421,181 734, 926 821, 182 1,413, 545 + 6.1 + 9 .1 + 4 .0 + 3 .9 + 9 .4 916 282 306 '233 95 +1.2 1 + 1.2 296 17, 786 214 130 311 55.1 20, 245 9, 593 1 + 2 .4 951 2,570,202 2.0 446, 712 +4. 7 74 54 198, 254 + 5 .6 208,025 1.6 42 179 881, 752 + 3 .6 122,987 + 2 .3 25 252, 463 + 2.4 45 376, 184 - 5 .8 101 83,825 31 1.0 9,930,086 + 9 .4 1,680 1,992,927 + 14.3 478 1,127, 749 6.8 256 6,809,410 956 8.6 + + + + + + + 8.1 147,324 + 4.5 $2,265,41: 10.2 618, 459 33, 952 +6.!. 57, 343 2 1 902, 862 + 5 .7 630, 599 + 7 .5 46, 914 + 4.3 113, 49’ +20.7 9,115 + 12.9 + . 82,458 34, 834 + 1.1 -.2 -.2 +3. 5 + 1.9 -3 .5 + 3.1 35,185 4, 185 3, 782 - 6 . 8 1,827 + 2. 5 14, 687 + 4 .7 645 —. 3 2, 462 - 6 .5 6,812 -1 9 .3 785 - 3 .2 231,453 +14. 45, 434 + 18.5 28, 391 + 4 .7 157,628 + 1 5 .8 1, m, 876 +2.6 261, 621 320, 090 200, 150 842,115 .4 +- 12.6 + 4 .0 + 3 .6 + .9 751,278 105, 839 + 9 .5 86, 2S3 + 6 .7 50, 050 22 309. 669 + 5 .9 10,350 + 4.1 50, 026 + 2 .9 116, 929 -1 9 .1 22,132 -.6 5,466,148 +17.7 983. 73" +31.3 12.2 610, 538 + . 8, 871,868 + + 1 5 .6 1 Includes construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment, amusement and recreation professional services, and trucking and handling. in clu d es laundering and cleaning, but does not include food, canning, and preserving. 3 Includes laundries. 4 Includes miscellaneous services, building and contracting, and restaurants. 5 Includes construction, but does not include hotels and restaurants, and public works, e Weighted percentage change. 7 Less than Ho of 1 percent. 8 Includes construction, miscellaneous services (theaters), and restaurants. 8 Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone. Includes banks, insurance, and office employment. Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities A c o m p a r i s o n of August employment and pay-roll totals with July totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000 or over is made in table 6. The changes are computed from reports received from identical establishments in each of the months considered. In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these city totals. As information concerning employment in building construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this industry have not been included in these city totals. 18 Table 6.— Fluctuations In Employment and Pay Rolls in August 1935 as Com pared With July 1935 Cities N ew Y ork C ity ................ Chicago, 111______ ______ Philadelphia, P a _______ Detroit, M ich ........ .......... Los Angeles, C alif........... Cleveland, Ohio— .......... St. Louis, M o __________ Baltimore, M d ____ _____ Boston, M ass.............. . Pittsburgh, P a _________ San Francisco, Calif____ Buffalo, N . Y ................. Milwaukee, W is............... Number of establish ments re porting in both months 13,668 2,620 2,709 1,482 2,449 1,825 1, 787 1,342 3, 792 1,362 1, 543 1,030 700 N um ber on pay rolls July 1935 538,769 328,836 210,847 287,907 114,713 125,508 117,033 77,722 152,420 147,171 78, 398 62, 281 68, 580 August 1935 550,190 326, 549 211,560 280, 216 116,870 125,347 118, 307 78,995 155,107 149,801 82, 225 62,829 68,836 Per centage change from July 1935 A m ount of pay roll (1 week) July 1935 August 1935 Per centage change from July 1935 + 2 .1 $13,951,771 $14, 507,222 + 4. 0 6 -.7 8,168,948 8,116,612 + .3 4,857,146 4,985,997 +2! 7 -1 . 5 -2 .7 7,207,793 7,099, 325 2,854, 334 +2. 5 + 1 .9 2,784,608 -.1 2,889,955 2,923,378 + 1. 2 2,632,874 2,650,062 +. 7 + 1 .1 1,672, 000 1,719,764 + 1 .6 + 2. 9 + 1 .8 3, 588,532 3,689,404 + 2. 8 3,036,872 + 1 .8 3,326,890 • + 9. 5 2,079,773 2,165,034 + 4. 1 + 4 .9 1,481,873 + .9 1,407,337 + 5. 3 + .4 1, 586,102 1, 625,061 + 2. 5 Part II.—Public Employment F i v e of the various classes of public employment showed increases during August. The largest relative gain, 41.5 percent, was in con struction projects financed by regular governmental appropriations. A large increase in employment was also registered in emergency conservation work in August. The greatest decrease, 27.3 percent, occurred in the emergency-work program. Small losses were shown in the judicial service, Public Works Administration construction projects, and on construction projects financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation. The first monthly statistics for The Works Program revealed over 143,000 workers employed. Of this number, approximately 113,000 were working on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. The remaining workers were employed by the various Federal agencies receiving allotments from the Works Progress fund. A summary of employment and pay rolls financed in whole or in part by Federal funds is given in table 7 for August. 19 Table 7.— Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls Financed in Whole or in Part by Federal Funds, August 1935 [Preliminary figures} Employment Class August Federal service: Executive______________________ i 2 770,336 Judicial............................................ 1,732 Legislative_________ _________ 5,147 M ilitary__________ __________ 269,459 Construction projects financed b y P. W . A __________________________ 394, 509 Construction projects financed b y R . F. C ............... ............................ 9, 415 Construction projects financed b y regular governmental appropria tions. _............. .......... .......... .............. 36,491 T he works program 143,094 Relief work: Emergency work program_____ 1,401,394 Emergency conservation work__ 4 588,582 July 3 731,539 1,766 5,014 261, 067 Per centage change Pay roll August July + 5 .3 $115,789,800 $111,110, 248 470,939 473,044 - 1 .9 1, 204,204 + 2 .7 1,181,349 + 3 .2 20,689,446 20, 846,275 Per centage change + 4 .2 -.4 + 1 .9 + .8 405, 332 - 2 .7 25,292,656 24,968,785 + 1.3 9, 581 - 1 .7 1,020,208 1,001, 653 + 1 .9 25,788 +41.5 2,694,822 4,340,749 1,890,209 +42.6 31,928,789 «480,586 -2 7 .3 +22.5 37,823,716 4 26,168,439 3 53,136,834 « 22,074,577 -2 8 .8 +18.5 1 Includes 540 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions for August. 2 24,174 employees of the W orks Progress Administration included for which pay roll is not available. 3 Revised. 4 Includes 43,925 employees and a pay roll of $5,855,826 included, in executive service. s Includes 40,368 (employees and a pay roll of $5,217,265 included in executive service. Executive, Legislative, M ilitary, and Judicial Services o f the Federal Government E m p l o y m e n t increased during August in the executive, legislative, and military services of the Federal Government. The judicial branch, however, showed a decline of 1.9 percent. The total pay roll for all branches of the Federal service amounted to over $138,000,000, an increase of about $5,000,000 in comparison with July. The information concerning employment in the executive depart ments is collected by the Civil Service Commission from the different departments and offices of the United States Government. The figures are tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Data for the legislative, judical, and military services are collected and tabu lated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A comparison of the number of employees in the executive depart ments of the Federal Government in August with the number em ployed in July and the corresponding month of last year is shown in table 8. Data for employees working in the District of Columbia are shown separately. 20 Table 8 .— Employees in the Executive Service of the United States, August 1934,. July 1935, and August 1935 District of Columbia Outside District of Columbia Entire service Item Per ma nent Tem p o rary Total N um ber of employees: August 1934 2.................. 84,075 9, 254 93,329 ................ . 104,73" •* 94, 210 10,July 525 1935 August 1935.................... 96,166 9, 721 105,887 Gain or loss: August 1934 to August 1935............................... +12,091 +467 +12,558 July 1935 to August 1935... ................. -8 0 4 +1,152 +1,956 Percentage change: August 1934 to August 1935....... ................... . +14.38 +5.05 +13.46 July 1935 to August 1935........... .................... +2.08 —7. 64 +1.10 Labor turn-over, August 1935: Additions 5____________ 2,581 1,464 4,045 3,155 Separations5__________ 1, 741 1,414 Turn-over rate per 100......... 1.83 13.97 3.00 Per ma nent Tem po rary i Total Per ma nent T em po rary 1 Total 5C4,384 94,575 598,959 588,459 103,829 692,288 521,185 105,619 626,804 615,395 116,144 731,539 547,958 116,491 664,449 644,124 126,212 3 770,336 +43, 574 +21,916 +65,490 +55,665 +22,383 +78,048 +26, 773 +10,872 +37,645 +28,729 +10,068 * +38,797 +8.64 +23.17 +10.93 +9.46 +21.56 + 11.27 +5.30 70, 505 32, 248 4.29 +5.14 +10.29 +6.01 + 4. 67 + 8. 67 34,009 7,613 1.42 32,451 21,480 19. 34 66,460 29, 093 4. 51 36,590 9,354 1.49 33,915 22, 894 18.89 1 N ot includi ng field employees of the Post Office Department or 48,614 employees hired under letters o f authorization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $1,863,266. 2 Revised. 3 Includes 540 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions for August. 4 Includes 215,675 persons transferred from several State Emergency Relief Administrations which administered relief activities partially financed b y funds received from the Federal E m ergency Relief Administration. 5 N ot including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should not b e regarded as labor turn-over. In August 38,797 more employees were working in the executive branches of the Federal Government than in the previous month. Compared with the corresponding month of last year Federal employ ment showed an increase of 13.5 percent in the District of Columbia and 10.9 percent outside the District. For the service as a whole employment in August was 11.3 percent higher than in August 1934. The gain in Federal employment during the month was largely accounted for by the transfer of employees from several State emer gency relief administrations to the Works Progress Administration. Apart from the Works Progress Administration, the Resettlement Administration with 4,145 more employees in August than in July showed the greatest increase. Substantial gains in employment, however, were also reported by the Departments of Labor, Agriculture, Interior, and War. On the other hand, the personnel of the Com merce Department was reduced by approximately 2,000. The staffs of the National Recovery Administration, the Post Office Department, and the Tennessee Valley Authority were also reduced during the month. 21 Construction Projects Financed by Public Works Administration M o r e than 394,000 people were working at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects in August.1 Compared with July this is a decrease of approximately 10,000 wage earners. Pay-roll disbursements for the month were in excess of $25,000,000 .and with the exception of June were the highest for any month of the current year. Over 37,000,000 man-hours at the sites were worked and the average hourly earnings were 68 cents. During the month orders were placed for construction materials valued at more than $47,000,000. Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during August on construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds are given, by type of project, in table 9. Table 9.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from Public Works Funds, August 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage earners T yp e of project M axi m um number em ployed i W eekly average Amount of pay rolls Number of man-hours worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed Federal projects A ll projects________________ _______ a 254,201 245,664 $15,822,109 25,145,753 $0.629 $27,445,335 .Building construction........ .............. . Forestry ________________ Naval vessels______________________ P ublic roads 3______ ______________ Reclam ation______________________ River, harbor, and flood control___ Streets and roads__________________ __________ W ater and sewerage. Miscellaneous_________ __________ 12,325 122 23,144 153,695 24,362 23,735 5,938 229 2,114 1,216,481 12,690 3,657,182 12,486,000 3,678,188 3,192,633 627, 793 20,936 253,850 .801 .823 .796 .524 .689 .727 .555 .738 .666 2,297,509 34,855 2,800,035 13,350, 000 4,036,470 3, 917, 239 310,805 25,635 672, 787 15,055 139 23,361 (4) 25, 265 27, 681 6,460 255 2,290 974,252 10,441 2,910, 790 6,538,600 2, 534, 898 2,320,348 348,338 15, 456 168,986 Non-Federal projects A ll projects_____________ _____. . Building construction_______ ___ Railroad construction_______ ______ Streets and roads________________ Water and sewerage_______________ Miscellaneous_____________ _______ 134,673 112,008 $8, 881, 558 11, 223,005 $0. 791 $20,191, 024 60,858 7, 653 21,976 38, 593 5, 593 50, 235 6,547 18, 286 32, 235 4, 705 4, 507, 248 484,308 1,152,997 2,353,415 383,590 4, 957,101 818,802 1, 732,559 3,163,852 550, 691 .909 .591 .665 .744 .697 11,198,485 92,168 1,986,999 5,809,497 1,103,875 1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. 4 N ot available; average number included in total. i Unless otherwise expressly stated, when referred to in this study, it may be accepted as meaning the month ending Aug. 15. 22 Compared with July, employment on Federal construction projects decreased by 18,794. The principal factor contributing to this decline was the reduction of 16,848 workers employed on publicroad construction. Moderate increases in employment were shown in naval vessel construction, reclamation projects, and in river, harbor, and flood-control work. On non-Federal construction projects 8,500 wage earners were added to the pay rolls in August. Reports for the month showed gains in the number of men employed in every type of non-Federal project with the exception of railroad construction. On Federal projects earnings per hour averaged 63 cents. Average hourly earnings ranged from 82 cents in forestry work to 52 cents paid on public-road projects. On non-Federal projects the average hourly wage was 79 cents; the highest average wage, 91 cents, was paid to workers on building-construction projects. Federal construction projects are financed entirely by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government. The work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal agencies. Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration to a State or one of its political sub divisions, but occasionally allotments are made to commercial firms. In making allotments to the States or their political sub divisions, but not to commercial enterprises, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total construction cost. The remaining 70 percent or more of the cost is financed by the recipient. The Public Works Administra tion, in some instances, provides the additional financing by means of a loan; in other cases the loan is procured from outside sources. Loans made by the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date of maturity. Grants are not made to commercial firms, though loans are made. For the most part, commercial allotments have been made to rail roads. Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to build ings, bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial shops. Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i.e., construc tion, is shown in table 9, page 21. Employment in car and locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 11, page 24.) 23 Comparisons by Geographic Divisions E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked on constructions projects financed by the Public Works Administration fund inAugust 1935 are shown, by geographic divisions, in table 10. Table 10.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from! Public Works Funds, August 1935 [Subject to revisionj Wage earners Geographic division M axi mum number em ployed 1 W eekly average Num ber of Average A mount of man-hours earnings pay rolls per hour worked Value of material orders placed Federal projects A ll divisions 2............. - ..................... 254,201 N ew England..................................... M iddle Atlantic....... ......................... East North C entral.—..................... West North Central....................... South Atlantic........ .......................... East South Central........................... West South Central......................... M ountain.......................................... Pacific------------------- ------- --------------Outside continental United States. 14,420 27, 590 33,295 41, 287 41, 737 32, 577 22, 510 22, 630 14,809 3,344 245,664 $15,822,109 14,098 26,497 32,143 39,948 40,172 32, 216 22,180 21,348 14,087 2,973 1,191,342 2,084,400 1,954,048 1, 620, 302 2, 537,043 2,129,910 869,001 1,815,972 1,420, 259 199, 712 25,145, 753 $0.629 3 $27, 445,335, 1, 683, 434 2,992,025 2,808,014 2,893, 974 4, 246, 784 3,864,514 1,927,991 2, 597,131 1, 754, 869 376,897 .708 .697 .696 .560 .597 .551 .451 .699 .809 .530 989,696; 1,835,376 1, 346, 717925,484 2, 578, 574 827, 740' 196, 332 2,269, 347 2, 857,323 268, 672; Non-Federal projects All divisions............ .......................... N ew E n gla n d ............. ..................... M iddle Atlantic........ ............. ......... East North Central.......................... West North Central........................ South A tlantic.................................. East South Central........................... W est South Central......... .......... ..... M ountain................ .......................... Pacific____ _____ ________________ Outside continental United States. 134,673 12,298 28,643 21,631 23, 444 14, 672 4,974 11,096 3,816 13, 470 629 112,008 $8,881, 558 11, 223,005 $0.791 $20,191,024 10,161 23,661 18, 201 19, 763 12, 391 4,107 8, 661 3,085 11, 489 489 793,035 2,326,401 1,369, 311 1, 462, 729 869, 766 250, 749 534, 408 238, 644 998, 316 38,199 1,059,445 2, 544, 070 1,623,997 1,955,007 1,333,949 402, 801 849, 424 288,975 1,110, 693 54, 644 .749 .914 .843 .748 .652 .623 .629 .826 .899 .699 1,637, 522‘ 6,370,805 3,407,906 3, 512,137 984,121 520,443, 1,200,356 768, 527' 1, 726,87962, 328- 1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government, agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects. 2 Includes data for 2 wage earners which cannot be charged to any specific ceographic division. 3 Includes $13,350,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-road projects which cannot be charged to any specific geographic division. During August there was a decline in employment on Federal Public Works Administration construction projects in all geographic divisions. The most drastic decrease involving 4,516 employees occurred in the Middle Atlantic States. On non-Federal projects, however, six of the geographic divisions showed increased employment. Taking Federal and non-Federal construction projects as a whole the West North Central States had the greatest number of employees. Average hourly earnings on Federal projects were highest in the Pacific States and lowest in the West South Central States. On 24 non-Federal projects the highest average earnings per hour were paid in the Middle Atlantic States and the lowest in the East South Central States. Table 11 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during August 1935 in railway-car and locomotive shops on projects financed from the Public Works Administration fund, by geographic divisions. Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway-Car and Locomotive Shops on Work Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, August 1935 [Subject to revision] W age earners Geographic division M axim um Semi number m onthly em ployed i average Total, railroad and commercial shops............ .................................. 5,635 Am ount of pay rolls 3 $588,989 (2) N um ber of manhours worked «765,231 Average earnings per hour $0.726 Value of material orders placed (2) Railroad shops A ll division s.................................... 1,079 1,009 a $95,029 4 87,069 $0.709 $8,355 N ew England............................... M iddle A tlantic............................... 142 937 142 867 7,983 8 87,046 9,882 4 77, 187 .808 .697 1,500 6,855 Commercial shops A ll d iv isio n s.................................... 4,556 N ew England................................. . M iddle A t l a n t i c ............................ East North C entral-................. . W est N orth C entral........... .......... 4 4,025 464 63 (2) $493,960 678,162 $0. 728 (2) (2) (3) (2) (2) 187 446,478 41,434 5,861 352 606,497 61,098 10, 215 .531 .736 .678 .574 (2) (2) (2) (2) * M axim um number em ployed during either semimonthly period b y each shop. a Data not available. 3 Includes $33,358 paid to certain wage earners in an adjustment of piece rates. 4 Includes 105 hours involved in an adjustment of earnings. Compared with the previous month there was a decrease of more than 500 in the number of workers under Public Works Administra tion contracts engaged in building and repairing locomotives and passenger and freight cars in August. Monthly Trend E m p l o y m e n t , pay rolls, and man-hours worked at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects from the begin ning of the program in July 1933 to August 1935, are shown in table 12. 25 Table 12 .— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to August 1935 Inclusive, on Projects|Financed from Public-Works Funds [Subject to revision! Maximum number of wage earners 1 Value of material orders placed Am ount of pay rolls Number of man-hours worked $511,032,059 840.729,642 267 4,719 39,535 146,747 255, 512 300, 758 26,433 131,937 1, 784, 996 6, 353,835 11, 552, 547 13,091, 587 35, 217 206,990 3,296,162 12,029, 751 21, 759,245 24,391, 546 .751 .637 .542 .528 .531 .537 202,100 1,628, 537 3 23,351.150 24, 568, 577 25,702,750 January........ February___ M arch______ A p ril_______ M a y ........... June________ July.......... . A u g u st2____ September 2_ October......... N ovem ber. D ecem ber. __ 298,069 311,381 307,274 382, 220 506, 056 610, 752 644, 729 629, 907 575, 655 507,886 470,467 382,594 12,646, 241 14,348,094 14,113, 247 18, 785,405 25,942,387 33,808,429 34.845,461 36, 480, 027 32, 758, 795 29, 289, 216 28, 791,297 22,443,944 23,409,908 26, 544, 346 25,501,446 32,937,649 46,052,698 59,873,309 60,736,768 61.925.300 53, 427,096 46, 632,214 46, 454,108 34,955,156 .540 .541 .553 .570 .563 .565 .574 .589 .613 .628 .620 .642 24, 206,352 25, 269,537 4 69, 766, 559 4 68, 526,223 4 50, 468,427 4 60, 797,939 4 53, 377,997 4 54, 192,443 4 50, 878,000 4 50, 234,495 54, 228,457 4 45, 683,081 January. February. M arch____ A pril_____ M a y _____ June_____ July______ August___ 304, 723 272, 273 281,461 333,045 394,875 414, 306 405, 332 394,509 18,462,677 16,896,475 17,400, 798 20.939,741 24,490,087 25, 386,962 24,968,785 25,292,656 27,478,022 25,144,558 26,008,063 31,387, 712 36,763,164 38,800,178 37,845,047 37,133,989 .672 .672 .669 .667 .667 .654 .660 .681 4 30,746,857 29,264,484 27,276, 566 31,645,166 4 36,893,840 2 42,017, 642 2 41,936,424 47, 644,714 M onth and year July 1933 to August 1935, inclusive 2_. Average earnings per hour $0.608 $970,508,317 1933 J u l y . .. ....... August........ September.. October___ N ovem ber.. Decem ber. _ 1934 1 Maximum number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects. 2 Revised. 3 Includes orders placed for material for naval vessels prior to October 1933. 4 Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment. In the aggregate more than $511,000,000 has been paid in wages for work at the site of Public Works Administration construction projects. Hourly earnings have averaged 61 cents. Since July 1933 the value of material orders placed has amounted to more than $970,000,000. Value of Material Orders Placed T h e value of materials for which orders have been placed from the beginning of the Public Works program to August 1935, by type of material, is shown in table 13. 26 Table 13.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Public-Works Projects, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material A ll materials................................................................................................................. Textiles and. their products: Awnings, tents, canvas, etc............................................................................... Carpets and rugs.............................. ............................................................... . Cordage and twine.............. ......................... ........... ............. .......................... Cotton goods......................................... ............ ........................ ........................ Felt goods....................................... ..................... ............................ ................... Jute goods................................ ....................................................................... Linoleum ...................... ........................................................ ............ .................. Sacks and bags________________________________________________________ Upholstering materials, not elsewhere classified................... ....................... W aste....................................... ........... ............................................................... . Forest products: Cork p r o d u c ts ....................................................................................... ........... Creosote_____________ _____ ___________________________________________ Lum ber and timber products, not elsewhere classified____ _____________ Planing mill products...................... .......................... ................. ..................... W indow and door screens and weatherstrip............. ................................... Chemicals and allied products: Am m unition and related products........ .......................................................... Chemicals, miscellaneous_______ _____- ____ ___________________________ C o m p r ise d and liquefied gases...................... ................................ ................ Explosives........................ - ................ - ____________________________________ Paints and varnishes...................................................... ................................. Stone, clay, and glass products: Asbestos products, not elsewhere classified............. ..................................... Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products............................................... Cement...................... ..................... . .............................. .......... ........................... Concrete products---------------------------- -------------------------------------------------Crushed stone....................................... .............. .............. .................................. Glass___ ________________ _____________________________________________ Lim e___________________________________________ _____________________ Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products.............................. .......... Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise treated....................................... Sand and gravel____ __________________________ _______________________ Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo------------------------------------------------- -----W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor com position.......... Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery. Bolts, nuts, washers, e t c .......................... .............. .................................... — Cast-iron pipe and fittings........ ...................................................................... Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, molding and trim (metal) Firearms;_________________________________________ _____________ ______ Forgings, iron and steel______ _________________________________________ Hardware, miscellaneous_______________ .______ _______________________ Heating and ventilating equipm ent____ _______________________________ Nails and spikes______________ ______________ _________________________ Rail fastenings, excluding spikes........ .............................. ............................... Rails, steel...................................... ..................................................................... .Springs, steel___________________ ______ ______________________________ Steel works and rolling mill products, not elsewhere classified............... . Stoves and ranges, other than electric_____________________ _____________ Structural and reinforcing steel_____________________ __________________ Switches, railway_________________________________ ____________________ Tools, other than machine tools-----------------------------------------------------------W ire products, not elsewhere classified______ __________________________ Wrought pipe__________________________________________________ ______ Nonferrous metals and their products: Aluminum manufactures................................... .............. ............................... Copper products____ ______________________________________________ _ Lead p ro d u c ts .._________ __________________________________________ Nonferrous-metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified________ Sheet-metal w ork....................................... ..................... .......... ....................... Zinc products......... .............................. .......... ........................................... ......... From begin ning of pro gram to July 15, 1935 During m onth end ing August 15, 1935 3,603 $47,644, 714 208, 529 48,068 253, 434 103,072 170, 658 64,174 127,931 23,135 125, 255 25, 665 9,886 4,663 6,03a 5,379 257 2,262 26,206 1,842 27 127 136, 518 538, 971 43,471, 317 5, 480, 427 92, 273 8,914 292 1, 537,651 349, 438 67a 1, 031, 602 291,128 271, 792 4, 000, 464 2,160,980 34,124 3, 760 10,408 196,415 137,784 13,113, 698 121, 419, 531 18,611,899 35,174, 512 892,173 180,683 15, 252,886 109,949 59,462,749 2, 209, 490 2, 762,837 656 904, 505 5,674,967 1,170,098 2,013,428 65,105 2,591 869,976 868 3,585,969 102,813 292,876 2,841.243 18, 381, 701 5, 001,628 772,981 4, 531, 789 5, 019,780 10, 111, 041 958,969 5, 814, 357 20, 025, 510 590, 682 62, 364, 057 221, 770 73, 695, 668 720,809 4, 717, 017 5, 211,060 1,416,614 257, 628 622,123 230, 886 1,262,146 2, 574,968 56,128 95,613 942,171 419,972 40,487 267,391 342,881 1,163,935 41, 929 7,445 42, 570 1,968, 290 64, 554 6,912,851 Q04 204, 070 222,914 835,021 5,473 18, 572 13,913 31,725 83,149 27 Table 13.- -Value of Material Orders Placed for Public-Works Projects, by Type of Material and Industry Groups— Continued Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material M achinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies....... ........ .............. Elevators and elevator equipment____ _________ ____ ________ Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels_________ _______ Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified— Machine tools................... ................................. ................................. Meters (gas, water, etc.) and gas generators................... .............. Pumps and pumping equipment_______________ ____ _________ Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus........... Transportation equipment, air, land, and water: Aircraft (new )............................................ .......................................... Airplane parts........................ ............................................................ Boats, steel and wooden (small)—. ................................................... Carriages and w agons..................................... .................. ............... Locomotives, other than steam.......... ........... ............................... Locomotives, steam........... ............... ................................. ............... Motorcycles and p a r ts........................... ............... ............ .............. M otor vehicles, passenger.................................................................. M otor vehicles, trucks_____ ______________________ ______ ____ Railway cars, freight............................................................... ........... Railway cars, mail and express.._____ ________________________ Railway cars, passenger.................. ............... ................................. Miscellaneous: Belting, miscellaneous.......... .............................................................. Coal------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------Electric wiring and fixtures...... .............. ......................................... Furniture, includ ng store and office fixtures........ ........................ Instruments, professional and scientific............................ .............. Mattresses and bed springs............................ .................................. Models and patterns........... .............. ............. .................................. Paper products..................................................................................... Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified_______ Petroleum products___________________ ____ ________ _______ Photographic apparatus and materials...... ............ .................. . Plumbing supplies, not elsewhere classified____ ______________ Radio apparatus and supplies......... ..................... ........... ............... Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified................................... Rubber goods______ _________________________ _______ ________ Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering and gaskets. Theatrical scenery and stage equipment......................................... W indow shades and fixtures.......... ............... ................... ............... Other materials____ ________________________________ _________ From begin ning of pro gram to July 15, 1935 $43,720,464 1,072,665 12,356,041 97,232,154 5, 558,884 558,063 11,463,083 683,522 5,755, 768 5, 085,791 1,293, 875 30,549 11,818,333 6,837,064 274,395 504, 572 8,808,644 35,581,924 429,443 8,893,300 32,866 1,545,429 6.338.973 2.375.974 1,728, 549 50.154 21.155 59,589 14, 576,516 28,638,081 183,776 9,420,997 726,560 3,098,238 450, 569 884, 852 43,129 132,245 39,311,168 During month end ing August 15, 1935 $1,256,827 216,221 2,149,471 5,113,187 222,388 35,249 962,827 37,833 17,600 8,466 58,804 4,542 61 37,115 893,494 612, 569 67,254 4,072 1,004 9,671 811,873 1,690,929 1,984 708,008 144,717 208,340 9,926 46,786 2,127 28,449 1, 536, 889 Since the inception of the Public Works program orders have been placed for materials valued at over $970,000,000. It is estimated that in fabricating this material approximately 3,170,000 man-months of labor have been or will be created in the fabricating establishments. Materials for which orders were placed during August will create about 153,000 man-months of labor. This accounts only for labor required in the fabrication of material in the form in which it is to be used. In fabricating steel rails, for example, the only labor counted is that occurring in the rolling mills. An estimate is not made for the labor created in mining, smelting, and transporting the ore; nor for the labor in the blast furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, nor the blooming mills. In obtaining information concerning man-months of labor created in fabricating materials, each firm receiving a material order which is to be financed from the Public Works fund, from the United States 28 Government, or from State governments or their political subdivisions is sent a questionnaire. It is requested that the manufacturer fill in this form estimating the number of man-hours created in the plant in manufacturing the material specified in the contract. In the case of materials purchased directly by contractors, the Bureau estimates the man-months of labor created. This estimate is made by using the expedience of manufacturing plants as shown by the Census of Manufactures, 1933. T h e Works Program W o r k was started during August on a considerable number of con struction projects financed from the Emergency Relief Act of 1935. These construction projects, under what is officially known as The Works Program, provided employment during the month ending August 15 for more than 143,000 persons. Of this number, 113,553 were working on projects operated by the Works Progress Adminis tration. The remaining workers were employed by the various Fed eral agencies receiving allotments from the Works Progress fund. Data are not available concerning the types of projects on which the workers under the supervision of the Works Progress Administration were engaged. Data concerning employment and pay rolls on the construction projects administered by the Federal departments and agencies on which allotments were received from the Emergency Relief Act of 1935 are given in table 14, by type of project. Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Federal Construction Projects Financed by The Works Program, August 1935 1 [Subject to revision] Wage earners T yp e of project M axi m um number W eekly em ploy average ed 2 of Number of Average Value material Am ount of man-hours earnings orders pay rolls per hour worked placed 3 27, 424 $1, 064,871 2, 564,979 Building construction. ...................... ......... 4,346 3, 728 54 __________________________ Electrification 54 Forestry_______________________________ 10,903 (<) 56 Public roads_____________________ _____ 56 33 R e clam a tion .._____ ____________________ 37 2,344 R iver, harbor, and flood control________ 2,675 Streets and roads___________ _______ 1, 372 3, 225 163 161 W ater and sewerage________________ __ 8,920 Miscellaneous______ ____________________ 9,935 157, 248 1, 378 389, 825 412 1, 399 84, 118 70, 764 2, 776 356,951 327,055 3, 154 1, 034, 487 966 3,028 189, 841 117,062 7, 061 882, 325 A ll p r o je c t s ___ ________________________ 29, 541 $0. 415 $1, 414,575 .481 . 437 . 377 .427 .462 . 443 . 605 . 393 .405 189,967 10, 662 752 9,970 993, 052 178, 593 5,034 26, 545 1 In addition to the workers for which data are shown in this table there were 113,553 employees working on projects operated by the Works Progress Administration. These men were paid $3,276,000 for work performed during the month. Orders were placed for materials valued at $3,202,000 to be used on these projects. 2 Maxim um number employed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes maximum number as reported by U. S. Forest Service. 4 N ot available; maximum number included in total. 29 Of the 29,541 people working on this program, approximately 11,000 were engaged in forestry work. Building construction em ployed over 4,000. Hourly earnings averaged 41 % cents, ranging from less than 38 cents for forestry projects to 60 cents for street and road paving. The relatively high hourly earnings shown for street and road work was caused by the high rates paid in Alaska where 269 road workers averaged 80 cents an hour. Employment and pay rolls on Federal construction projects financed by the Works Progress Administration are shown in table 15, by geographic divisions. Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Federal Construction Projects Financed by The Works Program, August 1935 1 [Subject to revision] Wage (earners Geographic division Value of Num ber of Average M axi material Am ount of earnings W eekly mum orders pay rolls man-hours per hour worked aver number placed em age 3 ployed 2 A ll divisions................................................. N ew England.................... ........................... M iddle Atlantic............ .............................. East North Central............................ ......... W est North Central....... ................. .......... South Atlantic.............................................. East South Central_______________ _____ ' W est South Central_____ ______ _______M ountain_____ ________ _____ __________ Pacific___ _______________ ______________ Outside continental United States....... . 29,541 27,424 $1,064,871 2,564,979 1,887 6, 074 2,462 3,286 4,352 1,436 1, 510 5,305 2,960 269 1,721 5,398 2,183 3,033 4,055 1, 385 1, 352 5, 243 2,785 269 69,650 318,311 65,604 121,030 156,318 49,839 38,613 138,018 60, 650 46,838 171,367 726,033 156, 387 330,372 393,077 136,909 113,014 334, 686 144, 585 58, 549 $0.415 $1,414,575 .406 .438 .419 .366 .398 .364 .342 .412 .419 .800 15,382 127,663 433,836 143.613 115, 220 15,913 18,478 413,975 24,881 105.614 1 In addition to the workers for which data are shown in this table there were 113,553 employees working on projects operated b y the W orks Progress Administration. These men were paid $3,276,000 for work performed during the m onth. Orders were placed for materials valued at $3,202,000 to be used on these projects. 2 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes maximum number of employees as reported b y U. S. Forest Service. W eekly average is not available. The value of materials for which orders have been placed from the beginning of the program to August 15 is given in table 16. In addition to the materials shown in this table, orders were placed for materials valued at $3,202,000 for use on work projects operated directly by the Works Progress Administration. Data are not yet available concerning the types of materials purchased for this part of the program. 30 'Table 18..—Value of Material Orders Placed for Federal Projects of The Works Program, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] T yp e of material A ll materials.......... ................................................................................... ................... ^Textiles and their products: Cordage and t w i n e .................. ............................................. .......................... W a s te ..______ _____ ___________________________________________________ Forest products: Lumber and timber products, not elsewhere classified............ ................... Planing-mill products___ ______________________________________________ W indow and door screens and weatherstrip_______ _____________________ Chem icals and allied products: Chemicals, miscellaneous______ ____________________________ ___________ Compressed and liquefied gases.._____ _________________________________ E xplosives-............................. ........................ ................................................... Paints and varnishes_________ ____________ ____________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products................................................... Cem ent.............................................. .......... .......... ..................... .............. .......... Concrete products----------------------- ---------- -------------- ---------------- -------------Crushed stone............. .................................................................. ............ .......... Glass............. ............. ............ ........................................................... .................. L im e ........................... ..................................................... ............. ..................... Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products.................................... . Sand and gravel..................................................................................... ............ Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo____ ________________________________ W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor com position............ Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc...................................................................................... Cast-iron pipe and fittings..................................................... ............................ Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, molding and trim (metal).. Forgings, iron and steel...................................................................................... Hardware, miscellaneous................................................................................... Heating and ventilating equipment.................... ................. ............. ........... Nails and spikes.................. ......................................................... ...................... Rail fas tenings, excluding spikes........................................... ......................... Steel-works and rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified.................. Structural and reinforcing steel............................................................. ........... Tools, other than machine tools......................................... . .......................... W ire products, not elsewhere classified.......................................................... W rought p i p e ...................... ........................................................................... Nonferrous metals and their products: Nonferrous metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified...... .......... Sheet-metal products....................... ................................................ ................. M achinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies_________ _______________ Engines, turbines, tractors, and water w h eels......................................... Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified.............. Machine tools (bending machines, lathes, planers, etc.)............. .............. Pum ps and pumping equipment.......... .......... ............................................ Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making apparatus........ ................. Transportation equipment—air, land, and water: Boats, steel and wooden (small)........ ............................... ................. ............ Miscellaneous: Coal........................................................................................................................ Electric wiring and fixtures------------------------------- -----------------------------------Furniture, including store and office fixtures................................................. Instruments, professional and scientific............................................. ........... M odels and patterns..................................................... ............. ...................... Paper products............. ................................ ............ ............ ............................. Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified............................. Petroleum products.................... .............. ........................................................ Photographic apparatus and materials............................................ ............. Plum bing supplies, not elsewhere classified......... ................ ....................... . Roofing, built-up and roll, asphalt shingles, and roof coatings................. . R ubber goods............ ........................................................................ ................. Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets............ Other materials.................................................................................................... Value of ma terial orders placed from beginning of program to A ug. 15, 1935 $1,414,575 427 79 140,136 8, 570 34 36 131 4,967 24, 997 10,913 619,345 19,419 18, 595 1,637 19 20,933 197,456 1,612 3,196 3,939 14,484 4,026 647 11,391 7,293 2,200 3, 095 11, 683 54,417 6, 019 9,810 1, 392 61 724 16,659 4, 734 82,976 234 10,203 103 391 2,428 8,409 236 475 259 90 24,067 22,331 89 9,538 7,303 224 137 20,006 31 Emergency Work Program A s h a r p decline occurred in the number of workers employed on the emergency work program of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration between the week ended July 25 and the week ended August 29. The 800,000 workers employed during the week ended August 29 was nearly 513,000 less than in the week ended July 25. Pay-roll disbursements, also, showed a drop. The total pay roll of about $7,000,000 was 43 percent less than in the week ending July 25. Table 17 gives the number of workers and the amounts of pay rolls for the emergency work program for the weeks ending July 25 and August 29, by geographic divisions. Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency Work Program, Weeks Ending July 25 and August 29, 1935 [Subject to revision} Number of employees week ending— Geographic division August 29 July 25 Am ount of pay roll week ending— August 29 July 25 All divisions....... ................—_____ _____________ Percentage change____________________________ 800,108 -39.06 1,312,891 $7,143,194 -4 2 . 82 $12,493,222 New England........................................................... M iddle Atlantic....................................................... East North Central................................................ West North Central................................. ............. South A tlantic. .......................................... ........... East South Central....... ...................................... W est South Central.......................................... . M ountain____________________________________ Pacific____ ________ __________________________ 131,896 93, 262 95, 235 76,068 153,806 58,120 120, 407 35, 111 36, 203 144,441 155,982 208, 757 173,023 203,170 104, 779 135,313 52,643 134, 783 1,482, 722 1, 559, 577 1,033, 854 503, 766 814,036 287,806 554, 617 362, 470 544, 346 1,776,698 2, 781, 291 2,043, 638 1,327,842 1, 043,108 464,307 775,132 537, 607 1, 743, 599 Decreases in the number of workers occurred in all nine geographic divisions. Three divisions, the East North Central, the West North Central, and the Pacific accounted for approximately three-fifths of the total drop in the number of employees. The New England States, with a decrease of 12,545 employees, showed the smallest loss of any of the geographic divisions. Table 18 shows the number of employees and amounts of pay rolls on the emergency work program, by months, from the beginning of the program through August 1935. Table 18.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency Work Program, March 1934 to August 1935 M onth M arch___ A pril......... M a y _____ June.......... July______ August— September. October___ November. December. N um ber of employees 22,934 1,176,818 1,362,648 1, 504,838 1, 725, 517 1,924,173 1, 950,227 1,996, 716 2,159,145 2,315, 753 Am ount of pay roll $842, 38,970, 42, 702, 42, 423, 47,367, 54,921, 50, 289, 53,902, 62,849, 61,925, M onth 1935 January____ ____ _______ February............................ M a r c h ......................... . April____________________ M a y ___________________ June____________________ July____________________ August____ _____ _______ 2 Preliminary. Number, of Am ount of employees pay roll 2,472,091 2,461,730 2, 402, 018 2,308, 838 2, 228, 545 2, 021, 060 i 1,928, 789 21,401,394 i i i i i$71,683, 578 i 63, 621, 526 i 62,865, 956 62,344,399 64, 559, 740 54, 260,051 1 53,136,833 2 37,823,716 32 The number of workers employed on the emergency work program has fallen every month of the current year. According to preliminary figures, the decline continued in August; the estimated employment for that month was 1,401,394. This does not mean, however, that during any given week this total was reached. Because of the fact that a limit is placed on the earnings of employees, not more than 70 percent of the total are working at any one time. Emcrgcncy Conservation. W ork T he number of men in Civilian Conservation camps increased by nearly 108,000 during August. All classes of employees shared in the gain. The pay-roll disbursements for the month were in excess of $26,000,000, of which the enrolled personnel received more than $16,000,000. The number of workers employed and the amount of pay rolls were higher in August than for any month since the program began. Table 19 gives the employment and pay-roll statistics for each of the groups of workers engaged in emergency conservation work for July and August 1935. Table 19.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work, July and August 1935 N um ber of employees A m ount of pay rolls Group August July August July A ll groups____________________________________ 588,582 480,586 $26,168,439 $22,074,577 Enrolled personnel.................................................. Reserve officers........... .......... ................................ Educational advisers 1...... ..................................... Supervisory and technical2. ................................. 514,358 10,527 1,968 3 61,729 411,556 10,155 1,334 4 57,541 16,063,404 2,643,841 329,642 3 7,131, 552 12,852,894 2,550, 282 228, 297 4 6, 443,104 1 Included in executive service table. 2 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers. 3 41,957 employees and pay roll of $5,526,184 included in executive service table. 4 39,034 employees and pay roll of $4,988,968 included in executive service table. The employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation workers are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Com merce, the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as follows: Five percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining 87 per cent, $30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are provided with board, clothing, and medical services. State-Road Projects E m p l o y m e n t and pay-roll disbursements for construction and main tenance of State roads during August were the highest for any month since November 1934. Compared with the previous month, employ 33 ment increased 12.0 percent on new road construction and 10.4 percent on maintenance work. Of the 204,090 workers employed during the month, 19.7 percent were engaged in new road construction and 80.3 percent in maintenance work. Table 20 shows the number of workers employed and the pay-roll disbursements in building and maintaining State roads during July and August 1935, by geographic divisions. Table 20.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads by Geographic Divisions, July and August 1935 1 N ew roads Geographic division Maintenance Number of em ployees Amount of pay roll A ugust August A ll divisions______ ______ Percentage change - ........- 40,130 +12.0 N ew England M iddle A tlantic____ East North Central., W est North CentralSouth A tla n tic-- - ____ East South C entral-..... . West South Central____ M ountain_________ ____ P acific.-, . . . ____ _ _ . O u ts id e c o n tin e n ta l United States______ 11,812 1, 824 7, 234 2,748 8, 205 2,426 3,092 1,299 1, 490 July July Number of em ployees A ugu st July Am ount of pay roll August July 35,826 $1,907, 601 $1, 543, 619 163,960 148, 575 $7,155, 503 $6, 688,970 +10.4 +23.6 + 7 .0 8,642 1,893 6, 522 3,047 7, 341 2, 300 2, 045 1,962 2, 074 668, 726 145, 118 433, 814 108, 764 143,989 86, 991 116,424 85, 747 118,028 370, 538 157, 268 385, 746 102, 512 137, 149 86,042 62, 449 98, 906 143, 009 18, 578 28, 721 24, 713 22, 549 31; 543 10, 700 14, 291 7,017 5, 678 12, 716 27,422 22, 864 18, 745 29,165 9,046 14, 835 7, 000 6,613 924,499 1,131, 523 1, 265, 313 764, 367 1, 026, 321 362,174 770, 225 427, 643 470, 423 677,448 1, 098, 817 1,148,199 718, 614 1/080, 981 334, 894 681,428 459, 568 474, 385 170 169 13,015 14, 636 1 Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from public-works fund. Five of the 9 geographic divisions showed increases over the pre vious month in the number of workers employed on new road con struction in August. In maintenance work 7 of the 9 geographic divisions and the area outside continental United States registered increases in the number of employees. The New England States, with an increase of 9,032 workers employed in both new road construction and maintenance work, accounted for nearly half of the total gain for the month. The total pay roll for August was $830,515 greater than in July. Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation T h e number of workers employed on Reconstruction Finance Cor poration construction projects declined slightly during August. Pay rolls for the month, however, increased over those for July. Statistics covering employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor poration during August are given in table 21, by type of project. 34 Table 21 ,— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, August 1935 [Subject to revision] T yp e of project Number of wage earn ers Amount of N um ber of man-hours pay rolls worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed A ll projects__ ______________ ____________ 9,415 $1,020, 208 1, 367,071 $0. 746 $965,174 Bridges______________ __________________ Building construction____________________ Railroad c o n stru c tio n ..________ ________. Reclamation.................. ........... ............. ....... W ater and sewerage ____________________ Miscellaneous_____________________ ______ 2, 267 92 41 397 5,057 1, 561 217, 725 6, 076 4,717 24, 273 597,960 169, 457 240, 632 •5, 642 6,611 49, 672 S17,441 247,073 .905 1. 077 . 714 .489 . 732 .686 450, 520 3, 779 401 9, 361 470,93S 30,177 Decreases in employment occurred in 5 of the 6 types of construc tion promoted by this program. Hourly earnings for workers em ployed on projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corpora tion averaged 75 cents. The range of average hourly earnings, however, was from $1.08 for workers engaged on building construction projects to 49 cents for workers on reclamation projects. The number of employees, the amounts of pay rolls, and the manhours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation during August are shown in table 22, by geo graphic divisions. Table 2 2 .— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc tion Finance Corporation, by Geographic Division, August 1935 [Subject to revision] Geographic division Num ber of A m ount of N um ber of man-hours employees pay rolls worked Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed All divisions_____________________________ 9,415 $1,020,208 1,367,071 $0. 746 $965,174 M iddle A tlantic.............................................. East N orth Central.... ................................... East South C e n tra l______ ____ _________ W est South Central__________ __________ M ou ntain_______________________________ P a cific................. .............. ................... .......... 179 406 41 73 397 8,319 11, 217 34, 919 4, 717 13,172 24, 273 931,910 13, 224 32,450 6, 611 13,964 49,672 1,251,150 .848 1. 076 . 714 .943 .489 .745 6,948 15, 339 401 9,361 933,125 Compared with the previous month, employment in August shows a decline in all geographic divisions except the Pacific. Average earnings per hour ranged from 49 cents in the Mountain States to $1.08 in the East North Central States. To some degree the range in hourly earnings may be accounted for by the various types and stages of work under way. The value of materials for which orders have been placed since March 15, 1934, by contractors working on Reconstruction Finance Corporation construction projects is shown, by type of material, in table 23. 35 Table 23.—-Value of Material Orders Placed for Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Material Value of material orders placed— T ype of material All materials________________________________________ _________ ___________ From Mar. During period July 15, 1935, 15, 1934, to 15, July 15, 1935 to Aug. 1935 $42,035,632 $965,174 Textiles and their products: Awnings, tents, canvas____ ______________________ _____ ____ ____ ____ 1,058 Cordage and twine____________________________ ______ ___________ ___ 6,819 Cotton goods_____________________________ ____________________ ____ 72,268 Felt goods____ ________________ ____ _____________ ______________ _____ 4, 447 Forest products: Cork products_________ _____________________________ _____ _______ ___ 2, 500 Lumbar anrl timber prod nets, not, elsfiwhp.rp nlassifip.d 28,601 1,467, 218 Planing-mill products___________________________ ________ _____________ 2,200 3, 300 Chemicals and allied products: Compressed and liquefied gases__ _________ _______ _____ _____________ 66,474 2,067 Explosives________________________ _________________ _______ _________ 1,198,924 55,309 Paints and varnishes . ______________________________________________ 35, 772 2,175 Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products, not elsewhere classified____ 363,830 Cement_________________________________________________ _______ ______ 38, 033 2,320,350 Concrete products__ _________________________________ _______ ________ 22, 059 1,784, 390 Crushed stone________ ____ _________ _______ ____ ____________ ____ 44,868 Glass _________ ___ __________________________ ____ ___________________ 3,157 Lime __________ ___________________ ______ ________________________ 8,850 Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products_______________________ 1, 295 131, 083 Sand and gravel_____ ____________________________ ___ _______ ________ 2,640 483, 792 Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazo. __ _______ ________________________ 1,996 1,983 Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc. _____________________________________________ 9,115 Cast-iron pipe and fittings_____________________________________________ 3,824 433,586 Forgings, iron and s t e e l ___________________ ___ _______________________ 12,063 Hardware, miscellaneous______________________________________________ 44,947 751, 737 Heating and ventilating equipment____________________________________ 77, 382 Nails and spikes______ ____________ ___________________________________ 1,182 Rails, steel___________________________________________________ ________ 40,823 1,528 Steel-works and rolling-mill products, not elsewhere classified__________ 102,173 19,930,399 Structural and reinforcing steel________________________________________ 42,247 2 ,900, 523 Tools, other than machine_____________________________________________ 95,274 Wire and wirework, not elsewhere classified_________________ _________ 369, 294 277,619 Nonferrous metals and their products: Copper products.. ____ ______________________________________________ 2,494 2,077,051 Lead products__ _____________________________________________ - _______ 1,021 Sheet-metal w o r k ___________________________ ___ _______ _____________ 81,538 M achinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies_________________________ 16, 570 1, 330,401 Elevators and elevator equipm ent. ___________________________________ 2,125 2.421 Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified__________ 3,221,803 136,227 M achine tools_________ ______________________________________________ 1,968 Pumps and pum ping equipm ent______________________________________ 38,075 Transportation equipment—air, land, and water: M otor vehicles________________________________________________________ 3,291 137,547 Miscellaneous: C oal___________________________________________________________________ 52,689 22, 393 Electric wiring and fixtures. _____ _ ___________________________________ Furniture, including store and office fixtures___________________________ 1,780 Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified________________ 33,661 Petroleum products__ _______________________________________________ 29, 547 581,285 Plumbing ____________________________ supplies, not elsewhere classified243,102 1,121 Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified_____________________________ 4,516 2,027 R ubber goods_______________________________________ ____ _____________ 57,865 Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets________ 67,437 Other materials________________________________________________________ 1, 549,475 ............. 50,’ 202 Since March 15, 1934, materials have been ordered to cost more than $43,000,000. Nearly half of this total has been expended for steel-works and rolling-mill products. Other types of materials which have accounted for expenditures in excess of $1,000,000 are lumber and timber products; explosives; cement; concrete products; 36 structural and reinforcing steel; copper products; electrical machin ery, apparatus, and supplies; and foundry and machine-shop products. The value of orders placed for wire and wirework between July 15 and August 15 was over $90,000 in excess of all previous orders for that type of material. Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations* M o r e than 36,000 workers were employed in August at the site of construction projects financed by appropriations made by Congress direct to the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government. This is an increase of approximately 11,000 in com parison with employment in July and was the highest for any month since August 1934. Pay-roll disbursements during the month totaled nearly $2,700,000. The following tables present data concerning construction projects on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to that date. Detailed statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in August on construction projects financed from direct appropria tions made to the various Federal departments and agencies are shown in table 24, by type of project. T a b le 2 4 .— E m p lo y m e n t on C onstruction Projects Financed from R egu lar Grovernmental A ppropriation s, b y T y p e of P ro ject, A u gu st 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage <earners T y p e of project M axi mum number em ployed 1 A ll projects____ ________________________ 2 36,491 Building construction__________________ Naval vessels___________________________ Public roads 3_ .................. ... ................... Reclamation____________________________ River, harbor, and flood control________ Streets and roads___________ ____________ Water and sewerage.— ________ ________ Miscellaneous_______________ __________ 8,112 6,971 (*) 389 8,720 2,181 67 1, 406 W eekly average Am ount of pay rolls Number of manhours worked 33, 010 $2, 694, 822 4,137,008 6, 475 6, 744 8, 645 325 7,783 1,814 50 1,174 542,361 692,179 830, 295 1, 038, 366 560, 494 875,159 23, 633 43, 435 589,120 1, 178,947 83, 496 196, 541 3, 709 4, 693 61, 714 107, 688 Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed $0. 651 $4,459, 551 .784 .800 .640 .544 .500 .425 .790 .573 733,483. 1,942, 641 1,144, 37? 26, 313 431, 27T 55,06ft 5,375 121,023 1 Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month, by each contractor and Governm ent agency doing force-account work. 2 Includes weekly average for public roads. 3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads. * N ot available; average number included in total. 37 Increases in employment occurred during August on all types o f construction projects with the exception of water and sewerage work. The most pronounced gains in employment were registered in public^ road projects and in river, harbor, and flood-control work. Earnings, per hour averaged 65 cents in August as compared with 68K cents during the previous month. Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in August on construction projects financed from regular governmental appropriations are given in table 25, by geographic divisions. Table 25 .— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Geographic Division, August 1935 [Subject to revision] Wage iearners Geographic division M axi m um number em ployed 1 All divisions................................................ 36,491 N ew England..........- .................................. M iddle Atlantic................ ........................ East North Central....................... .......... West North Central.................................. South Atlantic______ ____ - ...........- ......... East South Central................................... West South Central................................... Mountain..................................................... Pacific------- -------- ------------------- ---------Outside continental United States......... 3.033 4,511 3,081 4.033 7,318 2,399 4, 660 3,521 3,502 433 Number of manhours worked Aver age earn ings per hour Value of material orders placed 33,010 $2,694,822 4,137,008 $0.651 2 $4,459,551 318,734 404, 673 184,987 203,363 627,172 119,146 258,897 236,045 308,821 32,984 395,619 488,794 282,531 397, 076 947, 842 266, 016 535,643 357,174 402,727 63,586 .806 .828 .655 .512 .662 .448 .483 .661 .767 .519 W eekly average 2,838 3,956 2,703 3,748 6,382 2,060 4,064 3,458 3,396 405 Amount of pay rolls 644,793 680, 227 187,085, 164,729 786,840, 179,247 227,878 45,413 374,369 4, 597 i Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. * Includes $1,144,373, estimated value of orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged; to any specific geographic division. All geographic divisions registered increases in employment in August on projects financed by regular Federal appropriations. The largest gains occurred in the West South Central States and in the West North Central States. Average earnings per hour ranged from 83 cents in the Middle Atlantic States to 45 cents in the East South Central States. The greatest number of man-hours worked during the month, 947,842, occurred in the South Atlantic States. The value of materials for which orders have been placed for use on construction projects financed from direct governmental appro priations for the period July 1, 1934, to August 15, 1935, is shown in table 26, by type of material. 38 Table 26.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects Financed from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Material and Industry Groups [Subject to revision] Value of material orders placed— T yp e of material From July 1, During period 1934, to July July 15 to A ug. 15, 1935 15,1935 A ll materials............................... .................................................................................. Textiles and their products: Cordage and twine................................................................................................ Cotton goods.......................................................................................................... Linoleum ............... ................................................................................................ Forest products: Cork products................................... ................................................................... Lum ber and timber products not elsewhere classified................................. Planing-mill products.......................................................................................... Chemicals and allied products: Chemicals, miscellaneous.................................................................................... Compressed and liquefied gases........................................................................ Explosives........... ................................................................................................... Paints and varnishes.............................................................. ........................... Stone, clay, and glass products: Brick, hollow tile, and other clay products.................................................... Cement......................... ............. ........................................................................... Concrete products...........................................- .................................................... Crushed stone.......... ............................................................................................. Glass........................................................................................................................ Marble, granite, slate, and other stone products........................................... Minerals and earths, ground or otherwise treated......................................... Sand and gravel..................................................................................................... Tiling, floor and wall, and terrazzo.................................................................. W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, and floor com position............ Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery: Bolts, nuts, washers, etc...................................................................................... Cast-iron pipe and fittings................................... .............................................. Doors, shutters, and window sash and frames, m olding and trim (metal). Forgings, iron and steel...................................................................................... . Hardware, miscellaneous.................................................................................... Heating and ventilating equipm ent................................................................ . Nails and spikes..................................................- ............................................... . Rails, steel....... ....................... ................. ............................................................. Steel-works and rolling-mill products not elsewhere classified.................. . Structural and reinforcing steel........................................................................ . Tools, other than machine tools......... ............................................................ . Wire products, not elsewhere classified............................................................ W rought pipe....................................................................- ................................ . Nonferrous metals and their products: A lum inum m anufactures................................................... - .............................. C opper products......... ........... - ............................................... - ......................... . Lead products______________ _____- ......................................... ....................... . Nonferrous-metal alloys and products, not elsewhere classified............... . Sheet-metal w ork...................... .............. .......... .................................................. M achinery, not including transportation equipment: Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.......... .................................. Elevators and elevator equipm ent.......... ........................................................ . Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.............................................. . Foundry and machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified............... . Machine tools.........................................................- ............ - .............................. Meters (gas, water, etc.) and gas generators. ............................ - ------- -------Pumps and pum ping equipment------------ ------- ------------------ ---------- -------- Refrigerators and refrigerating and ice-making equipm ent....................... . Transportation equipment—air, land, and water: M otor vehicles, passenger and truck.............................................................. Boats, steel and wooden (small)....... ......................... - ....................... - .......... . Miscellaneous: CoalElectric wiring and fixtures................. ................................................ . Furniture, including office and store fixtures---------------- ---------Instruments, professional and scientific--------------------------------------Paving materials and mixtures, not elsewhere classified................. Petroleum products.............. ...................... ......................................... Photographic apparatus and materials........ ....................................... Plum bing supplies, not elsewhere classified............ ........................ . Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified........................................ R ubber goods----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------Steam and other packing, pipe and boiler covering, and gaskets.. Other materials-—...................... ............................................................. O $26,419, 292 $4,459,551 9,582 1, 503 1,618 "I," 353 5,157 1,330,964 167,634 107,249 25,625 1,218 3,394 43,128 178,794 279,178 1,397, 717 172, 329 402, 597 24,377 447, 557 787,830 31,875 106,647 70,156 113,443 266,631 575,686 190,466 438,608 22,318 10,801 2,864,605 4,621,399 59,115 192,228 13,249 84,253 1,700 38,216 125,647 1,730 11,789 18,585 54,524 409,905 99,079 140,054 3, 252 51, 595 1,434 236,638 4,605 14,165 18,354 19, 722 26,521 49,091 29,057 40,016 2,511 569,936 593, 711 16,095 23, 794 1,429 1,834 2,362 1,799 6,105 3,601 729, 598 49,051 62,026 7,989 576,839 594,483 2,399 3,274 37,931 3,610 12,298 1,535 5.164 2.164 227,350 303,961 8,266 23,625 188,880 980,912 3, 574 263,959 134,831 1,231 8,054 1,009, 629 14,910 80,077 1,298 143,985 3,157,333 2,411,356 71,363 ‘""48‘ 948 217,715 1,074 55,805 17,353 1,340 8,758 127,656
@FedFRASER