Full text of Employment and Payrolls : April 1941
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Serial No. R. 1317 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubiii, Commissioner (on leave) A. F. Hinrichs, Acting Commissioner >#####+#++#** EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS Prepared by DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Lewis E. Talbert, Chief and DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT Herman B. Byer, Chief APRIL 1941 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE • WASHINGTON • 1941 CONTENTS Page Summary of employment reports for April 1941: Total nonagricultural employment Industrial and business employment Public employment Detailed tables for April 19: Nonagricultural employment Industrial and business employmentPublic employment 1 2 5 . ._ ._ 8 10 34 Tables SUMMARY TABLE TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings, April 1941 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, April 1941 4 7 NONAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT TABLE TABLE 3.—Estimates of nonagricultural employment, by major groups. _ 4.—Estimated number of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by States 9 9 INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE 5.— Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, April 1941 6.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, February through April 1941 7.—Plumbers' supplies industry—revised employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, January 1940 through March 1941 8.—Additional manufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, February, March, and April 1941 9.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—indexes of employment and pay rolls, April 1940 through April 1941 __ 10.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment and pay rolls in identical establishments in March and April 1941 11.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—wage-rate changes during month ending April 15, 1941 16 22 28 28 29 31 32 PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT TABLE 12.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment and pay rolls, April 1941 TABLE 13.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1941, by type of project (in) 34 35 IV Page TABLE 14.—Housing projects of the United States Housing Authority— employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1941, by geographic division TABLE 15.—Projects financed by the "Work Projects Administration— employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, April 1941; employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on Federal agency projects, April 1941, by type of project TABLE 16.—Projects operated by the Work Projects Administration—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, March 1941, by type of project TABLE 17.—National Youth Administration student work program and out-of-school work program, employment and pay rolls, April 1941 _* TABLE 18.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls, April 1941 TABLE 19.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1941, by type of project TABLE 20.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1941, by type of project TABLE 21.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment and pay-roll disbursements, April 1941 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 Employment and Pay Rolls SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR APRIL 1941 Total Nonagricultural Employment TOTAL civil nonagricultural employment in April, 37,645,000, exceeded the previous high reached in September 1929 by 175,000 and the April 1940 level by 2,763,000. Despite the huge decline in employment in bituminous-coal mining during wage negotiations, there were 418,000 more workers in nonagricultural jobs in April than in March, principally as a result of increases in manufacturing, construction, and trade. These figures do not include C. C. C. enrollees, workers on W. P. A. or N. Y. A. projects, nor the armed forces. Continued expansion of defense production accounted largely for the increase since March of 218,000 workers in manufacturing, while heavy Easter business resulted in an increase of 198,000 workers in the wholesale and retail trade group. A seasonal increase in private building construction accounted largely for the gain of 129,000 workers in construction. In the finance, service, and miscellaneous group there was an employment increase of 75,000, in the transportation and public-utilities group a gain of 66,000, and in the Federal, State and local Government service group an increase of 49,000. The only major group to show a decrease in employment was mining, in which 317,000 fewer workers (chiefly bituminous-coal miners) were employed in April than in March. All major groups except mining showed substantial employment gains over April of last year. In manufacturing the gain was 1,538,000, in construction 642,000, in trade 335,000, and in the Federal, State, and local Government services 268,000. Mining employment showed a reduction of 288,000 over the year interval. Emergency employment decreased 9,000 over the month as a result of the following changes: An increase of 189,000 in the military service and decreases of 142,000 on projects operated by the Work Projects Administration, 40,000 on the out-of-school work program of the National Youth Administration, and 16,000 in the Civilian Conservation Corps. (l) Industrial and Business Employment Of the 157 manufacturing industries surveyed, 138 showed gains in employment from March to April and 119 showed increases in pay rolls, most of the increases being larger than seasonal or contraseasonal. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries regularly covered, 12 reported employment gains and a like number showed pay-roll increases. Factory employment and pay rolls showed substantial contraseasonal gains from March to April and were at the highest levels on record. The increase in factory wage earners amounted to 218,000 or 2.3 percent, and in weekly factory wages to more than $6,775,000 or 2.7 percent. The usual seasonal changes in April are decreases of 0.1 percent in employment and 0.8 percent in weekly wages. A comparison with April of last year showed that the factory employment level had climbed 18.9 percent and the factory pay-roll level 37.7 percent. Increased hours, overtime payments, and wage increases were responsible for the larger gain in pay rolls than in employment. Key defense industries in which substantial employment gains occurred between March and April were shipbuilding (12,000), aircraft (9,800), machine tools (2,800), engines (2,700), and machine-tool accessories (2,500). Other manufacturing industries affected by war-material orders and showing large employment gains were foundry and machine-shop products (25,500), electrical machinery (12,900), and steel (9,800). Agricultural implements showed an employment gain of 32.6 percent (19,200), principally as a result of the settlement of labor disputes, and employment in canneries showed a seasonal gain of 20.5 percent (9,800). Among the industries showing declines, partly seasonal, were women's clothing (6,700), shoes (2,500), hosiery (1,800), and confectionery (1,800). Retail trade employment increased 5.6 percent and pay rolls 5.9 percent between mid-March and mid-April, bringing the employment index to the highest April level since 1929 and the pay-roll index to the highest April level since 1930. The employment gains in the general merchandising and apparel groups under retail trade (13.3 percent and 19.4 percent, respectively) were much larger than the average April increases, due in part to the fact that heavy Easter trade occurred in the mid-week of April this year. Increases among the various retail lines were general, the largest being in shoe stores, variety stores, men's and boys' clothing stores, family clothing stores, women's clothing stores, drygoods and general merchandise stores, and department stores. Wholesale trade firms reported contraseasonal employment and pay-roll gains of 0.6 percent and 1.2 percent, respectively. Among the wholesale lines showing contraseasonal employment gains were drygoods and apparel, farm supplies, furniture and housefurnishings, general merchandise, and groceries. Wholesale lines showing seasonal employment increases included food products, iron and steel scrap, machinery, heating and plumbing supplies, and electrical goods. In anthracite mines employment was curtailed by 3.0 percent and pay rolls by 42.6 percent, reflecting materially decreased production. In bituminous-coal mines employment fell 76.8 percent and pay rolls 83.5 percent, principally as a result of work stoppages pending the signing of new contracts. Metal mines reported larger than seasonal gains of 3.1 percent in employment and 5.8 percent in pay rolls, reflecting defense needs, and bringing the indexes of employment and pay rolls to the highest points since October 1937. Quarries and nonmetallic mines increased employment by 8.8 percent, reflecting a resumption of operations at this season. Laundries reported a larger-than-seasonal employment gain of 2.9 percent and dyeing and cleaning plants a larger than seasonal employment increase of 12.4 percent. Employment in private building construction increased seasonally by 11.1 percent from March to April and showed a gain of 33.6 percent from April of last year. Large employment gains over the month interval (ranging from 7.8 percent to 17.8 percent) were registered in 7 of the 9 geographic divisions. The East South Central States and the Pacific States showed small employment declines. General building contractors as a group increased employment 13.8 percent, while the special-trades group increased employment by 8.7 percent. Of the 15 special building trades surveyed, 13 reported increased employment and 2 reported fewer workers on their pay rolls. The special trades which showed increased employment were brick and stone masonry (24.2 percent), painting and decorating (18.3 percent), ornamertal-iron contracting (11.3 percent), tile and terrazzo contracting (10.6 percent), roofing and sheet metalwork (9.9 percent), excavating (9.8 percent), building insulation (9.3 percent), plastering (8.7 percent), carpentering (8.2 percent), plumbing and heating (7.3 percent), wood flooring (6.5 percent), electrical contracting (2.2 percent), and glazing (6.4 percent). The trades showing decreases were structural-steel erection (0.4 percent), and elevator installation and repair (0.5 percent). A preliminary report of the Interstate Commerce Commission for class I steam railroads showed an employment gain of 2.9 percent between March and April, the total number employed in April being 1,080,896. Corresponding pay-roll figures for April were not available when this report was prepared. For March they were $176,538,586, a gain of $17,714,574 since February. Hours and earnings,—The average hours worked per week by manufacturing wage earners were 40.0 in April, a decrease of 1.1 percent since March. The corresponding average hourly earnings were 70.8 cents, a gain of 1.7 percent from the preceding month. The average weekly earnings of factory wage earners (both full- and part- time combined) were $29.10, an increase of 0.5 percent since March. Of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries regularly surveyed, 11 reported increases in average weekly earnings. Of the 14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hours are available, 8 showed gains in average hours worked per week and 7 reported increases in average hourly earnings. TABLE 1.—Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing Industries Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1941 Employment Percentage Industry All manufacturing combined l Average weekly earn- Pay roll Percentage Percentage Aver- change from— Index change from— Index change from— age in April April April 1941 March April 1941 March April 1941 March April 1941 1941 1940 1941 1940 industries Class I steam railroads 2_ Coal mining: 4 Anthracite 4 Bituminous Metalliferous mining 5 Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum production Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph 6 _, Electric light and power 6__ Street railways and busses 6 s_ Trade: Wholesale" Retails Hotels (year-round) * u Laundries i Dyeing and cleaning 4__ Brokerage Insurance Building construction12 Water transportation (1928-25 =100) 122.7 +2.3 105.9 +18.9 +2.9 +9.7 (1929= 100) 48.7 - 3 . 0 21.1 -76.8 76.6 +3.1 -4.8 -75.5 +13.2 48.1 60.7 83.0 91.9 68.2 92.3 97.7 95.1 105.5 117.4 ) (1928-26 =100) 134.8 +2.7 +37.7 (1929= 100) 24.3 -42.6 15.5 -83.5 76.9 +5.8 -32.9 -78.6 +21.3 47.0 +16.5 +23.4 +8.8 +8.0 57.1 +1.8 -3.1 +.8 -3.9 +9.5 108.1 +1.6 +1.5 +8.2 107.8 +1.6 +4.4 +1.8 +2.1 +3.8 — 2 71.8 - 1 . 0 -09 +7.2 83.0 +1.2 +.6 +3.3 +10.9 +5.6 +8.8 91.3 +5.9 +1.2 +4.2 +1.0 +2.6 86.7 +11.5 +2.9 +8.5 95.5 +5.1 +23.2 +12.4 +12.4 +27.2 98.1 - . 9 -14.0 +.7 -14.2 (3) +2.0 +.3 +1.5 -.4 +47.6 +11.1 +33.6 +15.5 3 +.8 —1.4 () (3) +0.5 +15.8 16.43 -40.9 19.59 - 2 9 . 1 31.66 +2.6 -29.5 -12.7 $29.10 24.46 34.59 7 31.97 35.75 7 34. 27 7 * 31.37 7 21. 55 i 15.70 18.75 23.00 i 38.46 7 36.98 33.96 +7.2 +7.1 +14.2 +1.0 +.9 +.1 +1.2 +2.3 +4.0 +.6 +3.8 +.2 +2.0 +.2 +1.5 +2.1 +2.8 +13.1 +9.6 -.3 +1.6 +.5 +£o +10.5 —.2 8 () (3) 3 Indexes adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. ( ) See table 9 in December 1940 E M PLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable series back to January 1919. () 80.1 1 2 3 4 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission. Not available. Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. See also table 7 of October 1940 pamphlet for revised figures for anthracite mining February to September 1940, inclusive. 6 See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised figures January 1938 to January 1941. 6 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable with indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940. Revised series available upon request. 7 Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. 8 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies. • Less than Ho of 1 percent. 10 Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of pamphlet. 11 Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed. 12 Based on estimates prepared by the United States Maritime Commission. More factory workers were affected by general wage-rate increases between mid-March and mid-April than during any month since April 1937. These increases averaged 9.6 percent and affected more than 813,000 wage earners in 1,222 manufacturing establishments out of a reporting sample of 33,850 plants employing 6,954,741 workers. Among the industries in which substantial numbers of workers received pay raises were steel, cotton goods, aircraft, woolen and worsted goods, electrical machinery, silk and rayon goods, petroleum refining, and foundry and machine shops. The wage-rate changes reported for nonmanufacturing industries affected 23,549 workers, about half of whom were engaged in metalliferous mining. As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry, and furthermore as some firms may have failed to report wage changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings for April 1941 are given in table 1 for all manufacturing industries combined and selected nonmanufacturing industries, for water transportation, and for class I railroads. Percentage changes over the month and year intervals are also given. Public Employment Total employment on construction projects financed from appropriations to regular Federal agencies was expanded by 39,000 during the month ending April 15. In spite of sizable gains on naval vessel; airport, and residential building construction, employment on defense construction showed a net loss of 5,000 as a result of decreased employment on troop cantonments. Nondefense construction, with seasonal gains on Federal-aid roads, dredging, dike, revetment, and miscellaneous projects showed an employment increase of 44,000 over the month. Defense and nondefense projects together furnished employment to approximately 890,000 workers in the month ending April 15. Pay-roll disbursements of $115,910,000 were $5,915,000 more than in the preceding month. Contractors on low-rent projects of the United States Housing Authority added 2,000 building-trades workers to their pay rolls in the month ending April 15. Approximately 6,200 men were working on defense housing projects, a gain of 500 from the preceding month, and 32,700 were employed on nondefense housing, an increase of 1,500 over March. Total wage payments of $3,893,000 were $408,000 more than in the preceding month. Employment on construction projects financed from Public Works Administration funds showed a slight decline in the month ending April 15. Pay-roll disbursements of $1,338,000 to the 11,000 men employed were $22,000 less than in March. Further employment gains were reported in the month ending April 15 on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance 325845—41 2 6 Corporation. An increase of 2,200 on defense construction lifted the total to 6,100, and 200 additional workers on nondefense projects brought that total up to 2,300. Wage payments to the 8,400 men employed on both types of work amounted to $1,135,000. Increasing employment in manufacturing and trade in April again lightened the relief load by a sizable amount. The number of persons at work on relief projects operated by the Work Projects Administration fell to 1,566,000 in April, a decrease of 142,000 from March. Defense projects employed 426,000 persons and nondefense projects 1,140,000. Pay-roll disbursements on all projects totaled $92,326,000. Employment on Federal agency projects financed by the Work Projects Administration showed a decrease of 1,000 from March to April. The 58,000 persons employed were paid $2,696,000. The National Youth Administration reported an increase of 7,000 in the number of persons employed on the student work program and a decrease of 40,000 on the out-of-school work program. Wage payments to the 480,000 persons on the student program amounted to $3,369,000 and to the 425,000 on the out-of-school program the total was $8,487,000. The number of persons at work in camps of the Civilian Conservation Corps declined 16,000 in April. Of the 266,600 persons on the pay roll, 231,800 were enrollees; 1,500, educational advisers; 100, nurses; and 33,200, supervisory and technical employees. Pay rolls of $12,339,000 were $492,000 less than in March. In the regular services of the Federal Government, large increases were reported in the executive and military branches while employment in the judicial and legislative branches showed very slight decreases. Of the 1,251,000 employees in the executive service, 173,000 were working in the District of Columbia and 1,078,000 outside the District. Force-account employees (employees on the pay roll of the U. S. Government who are engaged on construction projects, and whose period of employment terminates as the project is completed) were 11 percent of the total number of employees in the executive service. Increased employment was reported in the War and Navy Departments, the Department of Agriculture, the Office of Emergency Management, and the Panama Canal. Employment on State-financed road projects increased seasonally in April. Of the 146,000 on the pay roll, 35,000 were engaged in the construction of new roads and 111,000 on maintenance. Pay-roll disbursements of $11,812,000 were $1,630,000 more than in March. A summary of employment and pay-roll data in the regular Federal services and on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds is given in table 2. TABLE 2.—Summary of Employment and Pay Rolls in Regular Federal Services and on Projects Financed Wholly or Partially From Federal Funds, April 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Class April 1941 March 1941 Federal services: 1,251,283 1,202,348 Executive 1 . 2,505 2,509 Judicial ..._ 6,015 6,033 Legislative. 1,532,132 1,343, 316 Military Construction projects: Financed by regular Federal appropriations 850,679 890,050 _. _ Financed by P. W. A.3 Financed by R. F. CA. Defense.. Other.. April 1941 M a r c h 1941 +4.1 $189,213,464 $184,244,306 +14.1 641,009 1,320,148 91,805, 598 640,485 1,318,229 77.907,387 Percentage change +2.7 +.1 +.1 +17.8 38,970 36,989 +5.4 3,892,911 3, 485,089 ._ 6,230 32, 740 5,701 31,288 +9.3 +4.6 603,642 3, 289, 269 524,047 2,961,042 +15.2 +11.1 ._ 10. 997 8,403 11,391 6,011 -3.5 +39.8 1,338, 312 1,135,134 1, 360,442 772,227 _ 6,127 2,276 3,968 2,043 +54.4 +11.4 861,486 273,648 550,132 222,095 -1.6 +47.0 +56.6 +23.2 57,827 58,950 -1.9 2,696,470 2,647,479 +1.9 27, 256 30, 571 28,364 30, 586 -3.9 (2) 1,273, 492 1,422,978 1,202,492 1,444, 987 +5.9 1, 566, 325 1, 708,658 -8.3 92,325,962 95, 910,162 -3.7 455, 524 426. 400 1,139,925 1,253,134 -6.4 -9.0 (5) 5 5 () () (5) 473,417 465,283 282,896 +1.5 -8.6 -5.7 3,369, 480 8,486,681 12,339,002 3,300,411 9,005,825 12,830,524 Federal agency projects financed by Work Projects Administration Defense.. Other.. Projects operated by W. P. A Defense.. Other- Percentage change +5.4 +2.7 +22.7 +11.7 Defense.Other__ U. S. H. A. low-rent housing Defense.. Other.. Pay rolls _ National Youth Administration: Student work program .. Out-of-school work program.. . . Civilian Conservation Corps,. +4.6 115,909,892 109, 995,226 703,802 186,248 709,226 141,453 -.8 +31.7 97,822,631 18,087,261 95,253, 528 14, 741,698 480,419 425,302 266, 645 -1.5 +2.1 -5.8 -3.8 1 Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to the extent of 176,999 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $26,447,715 for April 1941, and 166,561 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $22,752,260 for March 1941. 2 Less than Mo of 1 percent. s Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds, Emergency Relief Appropration Acts of 1935,1936,1937 funds, and Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938 funds are included. These data are not shown under projects financed by the Work Projects Administration. Includes 3,198 wage earners and $402,329 pay roll for April 1941; 3,039 wage earners and $334,173 pay roll for March 1941, covering Public Works Administration projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds. Includes 7,488 wage earners and $914,006 pay roll for April 1941, financed from funds provided by the Public Works Administration Appropriation Act of 1938. 4 Includes 434 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $67,835 for April 1941; 318 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $27,257 for March 1941 on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co. 5 Pay-roll data not available. DETAILED TABLES FOR APRIL 1941 Estimates of Nonagricultural Employment THE estimates of "Total civil nonagricultural employment," given on the first line of table 3, represent the total number of persons engaged in gainful work in the United States in nonagricultural industries, excluding military and naval personnel, persons employed on W. P. A. or N. Y, A. projects, and enrollees in C. C. C. camps. The series described as "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" also excludes proprietors and firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and persons in domestic service. The estimates for "Employees in nonagricultural establishments" are shown separately for each of seven major industry groups. Tables giving figures for each group, by months, for the period from January 1929 to date are available on request. The figures represent the number of persons working at any time during the week ending nearest the middle of each month. The totals for the United States have been adjusted to conform to the figures shown by the 1930 Census of Occupations for the number of nonagricultural "gainful workers" less the number shown to have been unemployed for 1 week or more at the time of the census. Separate estimates for "employees in nonagricultural establishments" are shown in table 4 for each of the 48 States and the District of Columbia for March and April 1941 and April 1940. Tables showing monthly figures for each State from January 1938 to date are available on request. Because the State figures do not include employees on merchant vessels, and because of certain adjustments in the United States estimates which have not been made on a State basis, the total of the State estimates will not agree exactly with the figure for the United States as a whole. These estimates are based in large part on industrial censuses and on regular reports of employers to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics and to other Government agencies, such as the Interstate Commerce Commission. Data derived from employers' quarterly reports in connection with "old age and survivors' insurance," and employers' monthly reports in connection with unemployment compensation have been used extensively as a check on estimates derived from other sources, and in some industries they have provided the most reliable information available. 9 TABLE 3.—Estimates of Total Nonagricultural Employment, by Major Groups [In thousands] April 1941 (preliminary) Industry- Total civil nonagricultural employment *__ Employees in nonagricultural establishments 12 Manufacturings Mining Construction Transportation and public utilities... Trade Finance, service, and miscellaneous Federal, State, and local Government: Civil employees Military and naval forces 4.__ _. _ _ .. March 1941 Change March to April 1941 April 1940 Change April 1940 to April 1941 37,645 37,227 +418 34,882 +2, 763 31,502 11,370 547 1,760 3,122 6,457 4,262 31,084 11,152 864 1,631 3,056 6,259 4,187 +418 +218 +2,763 +1,538 +129 +66 +198 +75 28,739 9,832 835 1,118 2,956 6,122 4,160 3, 984 1,532 3,935 1,343 +49 +189 3,716 461 -317 -288 +642 +166 +335 +102 +268 +1,071 1 Excludes military and naval forces as well as employees on W. P. A. and N. Y A. projects, and enrollees in C. C. C. camps. Includes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants. Includes allowance for adjustment of factory wage-earner totals to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. (Revised series available on request.) 2 Excludes all of the groups omitted from "total civil nonagricultural employment" as well as proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, and domestic servants. 3 Adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. * Not included in totals shown above. Includes members of the National Guard inducted into the Federal service by act of Congress. TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural States Establishments, by [Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels] [Numbers in thousands] Geographic division and State April 1941 (preliminary) Change March to April 1941 March 1941 Number Percent- New England Maine New Hampshire.. Vermont Massachusetts.. Rhode Island.. _. Connecticut 2,788 198 138 75 1,454 264 2,723 190 134 73 1,427 255 644 Middle Atlantic- — New Y o r k . . New Jersey.. _ Pennsylvania . 8,026 4,022 1,250 2,754 7,972 3,951 1,226 2,795 East North Central- 7,370 1,931 869 2,373 1,521 676 7,232 1,891 847 2,337 1,499 658 West North Central. — Minnesota. Iowa Missouri North Dakota.. .. South Dakota.NebraskaKansas 2,437 538 407 822 74 80 201 315 2,364 514 398 798 73 Ohio Indiana.. Illinois— Michigan. _ Wisconsin Change April 1940 to April 1941 April 1940 79 195 307 +65 +8 +4 +2 +27 +9 +15 +54 +71 +24 +2.3 +4.1 +2.8 +2.3 +1.8 +3.6 +2.3 +.7 +1.8 +1.9 -41 -1.5 7,475 3,787 1,103 2,585 +138 +40 +22 +36 +22 +18 +73 +24 +9 +24 +1 +1 +6 +8 +1.9 +2.1 +2.6 +1.6 +1.5 +2.7 6,568 1,705 739 2,173 1,339 612 +3.1 +4.6 +2.2 +2.9 +2.1 +1.3 +3.5 +2.6 2,273 501 388 756 72 78 193 285 2,399 180 121 69 1,259 215 555 Number Percentage +389 +18 +17 +6 +195 +49 +104 +551 +235 +147 +169 +802 +226 +130 +200 +182 +64 +164 +37 +19 +66 +2 +2 +8 +30 +16.2 +9.7 +14.1 +8.3 +15.5 +22.8 +18.6 +7.4 +6.2 +13.3 +6.5 +12.2 +13.2 +17.6 +9.2 +13.6 +10.4 +7.2 +7.4 +4.9 +8.7 +2.9 +2.5 +4.1 +10.6 10 TABLE 4.—Estimated Number of Employees in Nonagricultural Establishments, by Slates—Continued [Excludes proprietors, firm members, self-employed persons, casual workers, domestic workers, the armed forces of the United States, and employees on merchant vessels] [Numbers in thousands] Geographic division and State South Atlantic April 1941 (preliminary) Change March to April 1941 Number Percent- 3,788 74 584 391 544 296 658 325 523 393 3,845 71 558 376 553 384 647 317 522 416 East South Central. Kentucky.. Tennessee— Alabama ... Mississippi 1,403 348 476 388 191 1,424 379 471 389 185 West South Central Arkansas Louisiana _. Oklahoma Texas.. 1,979 191 399 294 1,095 Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West V i r g i n i a - . North Carolina _ South Carolina Georgia. Florida Mountain Montana... Idaho -_... Wyoming Colorado New Mexico.. Arizona Utah— Nevada.. Pacific Washington.. Oregon California-.. April 1940 March 1941 -57 +3 +26 +15 -1.4 +4.8 +4.5 +4.1 -1.7 -22.8 +11 +8 +1 +1.7 +2.5 +.3 -23 -21 -31 -1.5 -8.2 -1 +1.1 +5 -5.4 Number 3,386 67 486 329 477 361 569 274 467 356 +402 +7 +98 +62 +67 1,311 350 429 353 179 +92 1,777 173 358 283 +202 +18 +41 +11 +132 +11.3 +10.7 +11.3 +3.9 +13.7 +35 +5 +4 +3 +9 -.3 +27 +8 +5 +5 +9 773 112 84 52 219 71 94 107 34 763 108 82 53 218 +10 +4 +2 +2.8 +1.4 +4.2 +1.2 +1.9 +.8 +1.2 +3.7 +3.0 +1 +2 +1 +.2 +1.7 +.7 +3! 7 2,590 462 252 1,876 2,525 445 244 1,836 +1 +65 +17 +8 +40 738 107 80 49 210 70 88 103 31 +2.6 +3.8 +3.2 +2.2 2,319 403 224 1,692 107 33 0 A +11.9 +10.4 +20.0 +18.8 +14.0 — 17.9 +15.6 +18.6 +12.1 +10.6 +6.9 -.7 +10.8 +10.1 +6.3 1,952 183 394 -1.0 -65 +89 +51 +56 +37 Percentage +47 +35 +12 +6 i Change April 1940 to April 1941 -2 x\ +4 +3 +271 +59 +28 +184 +4.6 +4.2 +5.6 +6.7 +4.2 +.5 +5.7 +4.4 +9.2 +11.7 +14.6 +12.4 +10.9 Industrial and Business Employment Monthly reports on employment and pay rolls are available for 157 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; water transportation; and class I steam railroads. The reports for the first 2 of these groups—manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Tne figures on water transportation are based on estimates prepared by the Maritime Commission and those on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission. They are presented in the foregoing summary. The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls relate to wage earners only. Those shown in tables 5 and 6 are based on the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100. For all manufacturing industries combined, the durable-goods group, the nondurable-goods group, and aluminum 11 manufactures, they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures and for automobiles to the 1933 census. The indexes for all other groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census data except for the aircraft industry and the transportation equipment group, which have been adjusted on the basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in August 1940. The over-all manufacturing indexes are computed Irom reports supplied by representative manufacturing establishments in 90 of the 157 industries surveyed. These reports cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries covered. Indexes for 55 of the 67 manufacturing industries recently added to the monthly survey are shown in table 8. These indexes are based on 1939 as 100. The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the 12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning cover wage earners only, but the figures for public utilities, trade, and hotels relate to all employees except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. For crude-petroleum production they cover wage earners and clerical field force. The coverage of the reporting samples for the various nonmanufacturing industries ranges from approximately 25 percent for wholesale and retail trade, dyeing and cleaning, and insurance, to approximately 80 percent for quarrying and nonmetallic mining, anthracite mining, and public utilities. The indexes for retail trade have been adjusted to conform in general with the 1935 Census of Retail Distribution and are weighted by lines of trade. For the public utilities they have been adjusted to the 1937 Census of Electrical Industries, for wholesale trade to the 1933 census, and for coal mining, year-round hotels, laundries, and dyeing and cleaning to the 1935 censuses. Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are based on reports of the number of employees and the amount of pay rolls for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The average weekly earnings shown in tables 5 and 6 are computed by dividing the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments by the total number of full- and part-time employees reported. As not all reporting establishments supply man-hours, average hours worked per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on data furnished by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size and composition of the reporting sample vary slightly from month to month. Therefore, the average hours per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings shown may not be strictly 12 comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the general movement of earnings and hours over the period shown. The changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months, but the changes from April 1940 are computed from chain indexes based on the month-to-month percentage changes. EMPLOYMENT AND PAY-ROLL INDEXES, AVERAGE HOURS, AND AVERAGE EARNINGS The indexes of employment and pay rolls as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in April 1941 are shown in table 5. Percentage changes from March 1941 and April 1940 are also given. The employment and pay-roll indexes, as well as average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for February, March, and April 1941, where available, are presented in table 6. The February and March figures, where given, may differ in some instances from those previously published because of revisions necessitated primarily by the inclusion of late reports. Revised figures for the plumbers' supplies industry are given in table 7 for the months from January 1940 to March 1941, inclusive. Indexes of employment and pay rolls are given in table 8 for 55 of the 67 newly added manufacturing industries for the months of February, March, and April 1941. These indexes are based on 1939 as 100 and are available in mimeographed form for the period from January 1939 to January 1941, inclusive. In table 9 indexes of employment and pay rolls are given for all manufacturing industries combined, for the durable- and nondurablegoods groups of manufacturing industries, and for each of 13 nonmanufacturing industries, by months, from April 1940 to April 1941, inclusive. The indexes for all manufacturing industries combined, the durable-goods group, and the nondurable-goods group have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. Comparable indexes for all available months and years back to January 1919 are given in tables 9, 10, and 11 of the December 1940 issue of this pamphlet. The chart on page 13 indicates the trend of factory employment and pay rolls from January 1919 to April 1941. EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS ALL MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES INDEX INDEX 1923-23«IOO 14ft i ^.n 120 1 AA JJ fin 80 ft i V i f PA Y RO _LS A PI E MPLC YME^ T L J \ \ ( 60 40 fc 2O ~ 1919 -i !\ 1 II 7 120 100 80 ^ 60 / 40 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 fcW 14 Use of average hourly * earnings in "escalator" clauses}—Average hourly earnings of wage earners, such as those shown in table 6, have been compiled regularly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics since 1932. These averages are published for the use of those who wish either to compare the average earnings of wage earners in different industries, or to study the changes in average earnings over a period of time. Certain characteristics of the average earnings should be indicated. The average of the actual earnings of wage earners as a group may change from one period to another for either of two reasons: (1) By reason of changes in the wages paid or (2) by reason of changes in the composition of the group of wage earners actually at work in different periods. As an example of the latter cause of change, it is evident that if, from one month to the next, the number of wage earners employed in a high-wage industry increases proportionally more than employment generally has increased, the average of actual earnings for the group as a whole will increase. This increase might take place even though there were no changes whatsoever in the earnings of any wage earner in any one of the establishments. It is apparent, therefore, that the Bureau's averages reflect both changes in the actual hourly rates paid as well as changes in the composition of the wage earners in the group. The averages contained in table 6 for all manufacturing, for durable goods, for nondurable goods, and for the various subgroups of industries, such as "iron and steel and their products," reflect both types of influence upon hourly earnings; and they measure the average of the actual earnings of the wage earners actually at work in each respective period. To an increasing extent, use is being made of these average hourly earnings figures in so-called "escalator" clauses in Government contracts. These are designed to protect contractors from losses that might arise from general wage increases over which they could exercise no control. A number of contracts extending over many months have been written recently with clauses that provide for increased payments to the contractor in case of increases in the average of the hourly earnings in the durable-goods industries. It should be pointed out that the characteristics of the Bureau's average hourly earnings figures, as described above, make it desirable to use these averages for other than their designed purpose with a certain degree of caution. The purpose for which they were compiled limits their usefulness, especially in July and August, as a measure of change in labor rates. In these months the averages show a seasonal movement unrelated to rates of pay. For example, the average hourly earnings figure in the durable-goods industries dropped from 73.2 cents i Eeprint from EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS, August 1940. 15 in June to 72.7 cents in July. This drop was due not to a general decline in wages in this period but almost entirely to the fact that employment in the automobile industry declined sharply as the result of model changes. This industry is a high-wage industry in which the average hourly earnings are about 95 cents an hour. Between June and July, employment in the automobile industry dropped from 104.9 to 82.3. This relative decline, of a purely seasonable character, in the number of highly paid automobile workers was very largely responsible for the decline of half a cent noted in the average hourly earnings in durable-goods industries. By way of illustration of the problem involved it would be possible to construct an index of earnings that was unrelated to changes in the relative occupational composition of the group workers actually at work. For example, giving the averages for the several industries the same weights in July and August that they had in June and considering only the influence of changes in average earnings in each industry, we find no change in the rate of earnings from June to July and approximately the same percentage change as is shown by the published figures from July to August. This means that from June to August, the currently published figures show a slight decline over this 3-month interval whereas the series computed with constant weights shows a small gain. It is not within the province of the Bureau to indicate the type of average that was contemplated by the contracting parties in the contracts already drawn; least of all can the method of compiling an average be changed. It is obvious however that in incorporating any statistical series in legal documents careful consideration should be given to the purpose for which the figures were originally compiled and to their relevance to some new purpose. The officials of the Bureau are at the disposal of all those who wish to apply any of the Bureau's series to administrative problems. Carefully interpreted and applied, these data have a present usefulness far greater than was imagined in the past. Their appropriate adaptation to new uses involves on the one hand a careful consideration by the Bureau of the purposes of the contracting parties; on the other, consultation with the Bureau to discover whether the new figures as they stand meet the purposes in mind. TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1941 MANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures,'* they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Employment Industry Percentage Durable goods 2 Nondurable goods 2_. Durable goods 122.7 127.7 117.8 Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery _ 129.4 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills.. 137.4 Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets. 154.7 Cast-iron pipe 92.6 Cutlery (not including silver and plated cut116.5 lery) and edge tools.__ Forgings, iron and steel 99.5 Hardware 116.6 Plumbers' supplies* 100.8 4 Stamped and enameled ware 210.0 Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings.. ._. 108.9 Stoves 108.4 Structural and ornamental metalwork.. 99.1 Tin cans and other tinware 109.0 Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws) 133.0 Wirework 207.4 Percentage Index, change from— Index, change from— April 1941 All manufacturing 2_ Average weekly earnings1 Pay rolls March 1941 April 1940 +2.3 +18.9 +3.2 +29.4 +1.3 +9.6 April 1941 134.8 150.0 117.8 +1.7 +27.2 +1.7 +26.7 +2.8 +42.3 +2.4 +24.3 +2.8 +12.2 +2.2 +48.9 +18.9 — 4 +^3 +23.3 +1.2 +31.6 150.8 164.1 212.0 104.3 +28.7 +19.4 +41.7 +14.9 116.8 108.7 103.4 127.4 +2.3 +42.2 -1.1 +28.4 165.7 242.8 +1.4 +4.8 +2.0 +1.8 124.8 140.5 135.7 98.4 242.5 March 1941 April 1940 April 1941 Percentage change from— March 1941 April 1940 Average hours worked per weekl April 1941 Percentage change from— March 1941 April 1940 +7.6 +8.7 +5.9 +2.7 +37.7 $29.10 +3.7 33.49 23.57 +1.3 +0.5 +15.8 = +.5 +17.9 +10.5 40.0 -1.1 41.5 38.4 -1.2 -1.0 +58.9 +66.5 +86.1 +67.7 +33.5 +87.1 +30.5 +32.8 +48. 3 +54.4 +32.1 +69.0 +26.1 34.41 37.87 32.99 27.06 +5.0 +24.9 +8.3 +31.4 +3.5 +30.8 +2.7 +34.9 - 1 . 4 +19.0 - . 1 +25.7 +9.8 -1.3 +7.8 -2.4 +12.7 -.6 +2.7 +19.9 +.9 +10.8 +4.5 +19.2 +2.4 +9.7 40.8 39.8 44.7 41.8 +82.1 +38.9 31.67 28.62 +6.8 +10.1 +6.3 +5.1 +1.4 +2.1 -1.7 -2.1 +.6 +4.2 +5.7 +6.5 +4.2 +3.3 -5.3 27.96 38.18 28.64 28.18 27.08 32.28 28.28 33.71 26.11 0 +1.0 -4.2 +28.1 +8.2 Average hourly earnings1 April 1941 Cents 70.8 78.5 Percentage change from— March 1941 +1.7 +2.1 +.8 April 1940 +7.0 +8.2 +3.9 84.1 95.4 73.8 64.3 42.2 45.4 41.4 39.4 40.4 -.9 -1.1 -1.9 -2.5 +12.7 +15.3 +21.7 +25.9 +7.3 +14.7 +8.0 +3.1 +6.8 43.6 40.1 43.2 41.3 +2.7 +14.1 +4.5 +i!o +12.7 +2.2 +5.6 +.3 +18.0 +4.7 -3.6 74.1 70.8 78.2 64.3 +1.0 +3.5 +.4 +10.5 +13.9 +7.4 +7.1 +10.9 +9.5 +1.8 +4.3 +5.4 +5.3 +5.1 +6.0 +3.9 68.1 71.6 +.6 < +8.6 +3.1 46.3 40.1 +1.4 +.5 67.4 84.3 69.3 71.6 +5.7 +9.2 +2.0 +1.9 -.5 +1.0 +.6 +(«) +.2 -.1 Machinery, not including transportation equipment. 156.5 175.8 151.3 147.3 255.4 130.0 316.9 158.5 98.9 138.3 +6.0 1 +37.8 198.2 +32.6 +24.3 242.4 +3.4 +17.3 191.0 +4.1 +45.1 192.3 +3.4 +82.2 368.2 +5.1 +33.7 152.5 +3.2 +46.5 472.2 +6.3 +23.6 163.9 +2.8 +16.5 112.1 +3.5 +20.9 174.5 +3.2 +42.2 191.4 166.2 Transportation equipment 6 5,913.6 Aircraft e +6.3 +139.0 7,182. 5 47 132.4 Automobiles . +.7 +18.2 147.3 73.7 73,9 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad.. +3.9 +28.4 59.7 71.6 Locomotives +7.0 +112.9 8 294.4 392.5 +8.1 +92.6 Shipbuilding ... +1.4 +31.4 157.0 1S8.8 Nonferrous metals and their products 231.0 Aluminum manufactures 9 +3.1 +29.5 290.4 182.5 Brass, bronze, and copper products +1.1 +45.0 233.6 Clocks and watches and time-recording devices- 114.3 +2.6 +27.8 133.8 4 104.4 Jewelry 93.7 +.2 +16.0 Lighting equipment .. 113.3 +1.3 +31.8 105.8 81.6 Silverware and plated ware 82.0 +2.2 +15.4 Smelting andr efining—copper, lead, and z i n c . 101.3 +.6 +17.9 107.5 75.7 +1.7 +10.3 Lumber and allied products 73.8 Furniture .._ 95.2 97.6 +.9 +13.0 Lumber: +14.5 59.3 69.7 ! +( 5 ) Millwork 65.2 Sawmills.. .._ 66.4 +2.3 +8.1 91.1 +8.7 +15.5 Stone, clay, and glass products 93.0 69.2 Brick, tile, and terra cotta. 62.4 +5.9 +19.3 74.2 Cement 75.5 +7.2 +9.7 121.8 Glass +1.9 +15.6 143.5 45.3 -.9 Marble, granite, slate, and other products.. 34.6 +4.4 113.1 Pottery +1.7 +21.6 110.9 Nondurable goods 112.2 +.5 +13.6 107.1 Textiles and their products .-Fabrics.. 103.7 +1.0 +17.4 104.1 Carpets and rugs 86.9 81.2 +1.6 +9.2 Cotton goods 104.7 +1.1 +15.4 113.3 Cotton small wares 100.8 +2.7 +27.6 107.4 Dyeing andfinishingtextiles. 143,3 +.9 +14.3 134.7 See footnotes at end of table. Agricultural implements (including tractors) - Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines Electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppliesEngines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills. Foundry and machine-shop products.. Machine tools Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts. Typewriters and parts +63.0 +45.9 +42.6 +70.6 +101.1 +59.8 +64.4 +41.2 +39.9 +55.5 +54.0 +197.4 +21.6 +42.0 +174. 5 +131. 6 +52.3 +39.8 +75.7 +45.9 +29.8 +42. 5 +30.5 +27.3 +23.3 +28.3 +24.6 +20.0 +26.2 +38.2 +18.6 +25.6 +.9 +30.4 35.06 37.84 26.50 23.38 28.72 28.70 26.80 24.88 +1.0 +2.3 +.5 +2.8 +3.4 +3.2 +5.1 +6.3 +.3 +6.4 +4.5 +31.6 0 +3.0 +38.4 - 2 . 3 +19.8 +8.1 +40.6 +2.8 . +46.4 +1.1 +28.6 19.46 19.28 25.86 17.54 20.73 22.78 +2.0 -3.8 +7.0 +.1 +.2 +6.4 +49.6 +6.5 +3.4 -2.2 +6.2 +2.2 +4.2 +1.6 +9.6 -2.9 +7.6 -9.7 +12.7 +11.8 +7.5 +1.2 +12.4 -1.3 +3.7 -.3 +.3 -.5 +1.7 +4.0 +1.4 +2.8 +5.9 +6.9 +11.2 +14.0 +2.1 +11.1 +6.3 39.26 34.41 37.92 34.60 41.10 25.31 31.32 30.93 36.48 35.55 36.36 31.93 36.75 39.11 31.49 31.40 35.70 25.86 24.07 28.60 29.04 30.10 22.18 23.22 23.36 21.03 +.4 +12.8 +3.0 -.7 -5.4 +1.0 -.9 -1.9 -1.2 +5.9 -5.9 +1.2 -10.3 +8.5 +4.5 -.5 -.2 +9.1 -2.4 +1.1 -.5 -.9 -2.6 -.5 +18.3 +17.4 +21.6 +17.5 +10.4 +19.5 +12.3 +14.4 +20.2 +28.7 +8.4 +18.4 +2.9 +10.7 +28.9 +20.3 +15.9 +8.1 +21.1 +14.2 +11.9 +8.1 +13.2 +7.9 +11.8 +13.6 +8.7 +11.1 +9.3 +15.8 +8.2 +8.7 +1.8 +7.2 44.7 43.7 +15.9 +17.8 +9.8 +21.9 +14.5 +12.5 I 37.3 38.3 37.4 39.3 40.2 45.3 44.1 43.1 44.8 51.1 39.4 45.0 43.8 39.7 45.4 37.0 39.7 45.7 42.7 42.0 41.7 43.8 41.2 40.3 39.8 43.2 39.1 40.2 40.8 41.1 39.7 38.0 38.4 40.3 37.4 36.9 37.6 38.7 -.7 +6.6 +2.2 -.7 -6.3 -.3 -2.1 -2.0 -1.8 +3.6 -6.1 +.4 +5.2 +5.5 -10.5 -2.8 — 3 +&3 -1.5 -1.5 -1.4 -2.2 -2.6 -.3 +1.5 +( 5 ) +2.2 +2.1 +2.2 +2.7 +5.3 +1.0 +4.1 +1.0 -1.4 -.9 -4.4 +1.3 -1.6 -4.8 +1.3 | +6.2 + 10.2 +9.1 +14.4 +11.8 -.1 +11.1 +6.4 +7.3 +12.2 +18.3 +4.4 +9.3 -2.0 +4.3 +24.1 +12.0 +8.3 +3.7 +11.7 +9.0 +10.4 +4.2 +9.1 78.8 87.1 87.7 78.2 88.3 77.9 80.8 64.4 69.7 70.6 74.9 75.4 81.6 62.7 59.4 71.8 67.8 77.1 +() -.2 +5.0 +6.5 +3.3 +4.3 +4.0 +7.7 +5.8 +4.3 -1.4 +1.1 54.7 57.0 +.8 +.3 56.6 53.0 +.6 +1.3 +.9 +2.2 +.9 +8.9 +11.0 +5.4 +12.5 +8.1 +6.2 52.2 50.9 69.2 44.6 51.6 58.4 -.2 79.3 98.3 80.4 80.4 90.6 69.5 60.6 71.3 77.0 73.5 66.6 +.8 +.1 +1.0 +1.3 +1-1 +( 5 ) +.6 +2.2 +.6 +1.2 +.2 +3.1 -1.0 +1.8 +7.0 +7.7 +7.1 +4.9 +10.3 +7.4 +5.5 -r6.7 +7.1 +8.8 +L6 +3.4 +3.9 +8.0 +4.9 +5.4 +3.8 +6.8 +7.2 +4.2 +8.5 +4.9 +2.9 +3.6 +4.3 +8.3 +6.3 +6.6 +5.3 +6.5 +4.6 +7.7 +2.2 +4.2 +1.7 +6.9 +1.3 +3.0 +.6 +5.5 +1.8 +5.3 +5.8 +6.2 +4.1 +8.5 +5.8 +5.9 Q +2^4 +.8 +1.3 -.3 +1.3 O TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1941—Continued MANUFACTURING—Continued [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Industry Index, April 1941 Nondurable Textiles and their Percentage change from— March 1941 April 1940 -4.7 -1.3 +23.5 +1.4 +19.1 +7.0 +8.4 +6.2 +56.2 +6.6 +13.9 +2.7 +2.3 +3.8 +.6 +3.8 +4.0 +2.8 +8.9 +3.5 +2.8 +1.1 +9.2 -6.3 +12.1 Percentage Index, change from— April 1941 March April 1941 April 1941 per week 1 Percentage change from— March April 1940 $23.00 19.37 18.53 17.03 20.89 18.04 22.44 19.96 21.40 20.62 18.65 15.13 26.37 15.20 -20.3 -2.1 21.87 20.84 26.52 -3.3 -4.3 _(«) +40.4 +6.1 +13.7 +14.9 +20.8 +12.5 +22.3 +12. 7 +19.8 +9.1 +7.6 +18.4 +1.6 +9.3 +25.4 +30.2 +11.7 25.57 26.59 35.67 22.96 17.33 19.17 26.65 -.5 —.4 1940 Average hours worked 1941 April 1941 Percentage change from— March 1941 Average hourly earnings1 April 1941 April 1940 Percentage change from— March 1941 April 1940 goods—Continued products—Continued. Fabrics—Continued. Hats, fur-felt Hosiery Knitted outerwear Knitted under wear. . Knitted cloth Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods.. Wearing apparel 4 Clothing, men's . _. Clothing, women's Corsets and allied igarments _. Men's furnishings . Millinery Shirts and collars.. _ . leather and its manufactures... Boots and shoes.. Leather. Food and kindred products Baking Beverages.. Butter Canning and preserving Confectionery.. Flour Average weekly earnings 1 Pay rolls Employment 80.7 141.9 71.4 82.6 141.5 68.5 104.3 126.4 117.9 172.6 118.1 122.3 87.8 130.0 98.0 95.8 90.0 123.9 146.5 271.5 102.4 96.9 86.4 77.4 +4.7 +2.7 -2.8 +1.8 +1.5 +1^7 -2.9 +.2 -.2 -3.5 +2.0 -.7 -1.2 +1.0 +3.0 +1.1 +2.9 +6.7 +20.5 -3.2 +.7 -1.1 66.9 155.2 63.9 84.0 132.7 60.1 101.5 106.6 98.7 132.9 132.5 123.9 75.5 126. 3 92.3 89.1 95.1 125.5 140.9 331.4 90.1 87.5 85.8 76.4 +73.3 +7.7 +5.1 +35.4 +2.8 +22.7 -.2 +30.9 +4.6 +19.5 +1.2 +90.9 -5.1 +20.2 -.9 +37.0 -10.2 +12.0 -.6 +10.2 -4.0 +22.7 -10.8 +2.2 +4.3 +13.6 -4.0 +30.6 -5.5 +33.7 +.9 +21.6 +2.4 +6.6 +.6 +4.8 +5.9 +6.2 +5.6 +11.8 +15.7 +5.2 -8.3 +16.0 +5.1 +6.7 -24.1 -3.3 +.4 +.2 +2.6 +2.7Q -4'. 6 -2.6 -7.5 -.9 -3.8 -7.6 +2.3 +2.9 -1.0 -4.0 -5.2 +4.4 +3.1 +2.0 +5.0 +2.2 +12.3 +3.5 +7.9 ' 29.4 35.4 37.3 37.8 40.1 37.6 38.7 35.4 35.9 34.9 37.5 34.9 32.6 36.4 38.0 37.7 39.2 39.6 41.1 40.0 45.3 34.2 37.1 42.4 +31.3 +5.0 +7.8 +6.7 +1-2 +16.5 -.6 +7.2 -1.5 +18.9 -2.4 +4.8 -1.9 +12.8 -3.3 +.1 -2.8 +3.4 -3.6 +6.2 -6.7 -6.8 +.6 +3.0 +17.8 -4.3 -5.0 +20.7 -1.2 +6.5 -.8 +.6 -22.3 -2.2 -.2 -1.4 -1.2 +2.9 +.1 -1.4 —5.4 +3.7 + (5) +1.4 +.6 +6.6 +.2 +4.7 Cents 75.9 54.7 49.2 44.8 51.8 47.8 58.1 54.7 59.8 53.6 49.2 42.6 69.7 42.6 57.9 55.5 67.7 65.5 64.7 89.9 49.6 51.4 52.5 62.2 -1.5 +.3 +.3 +1.1 +1.4 +3.4 +1.2 -1.5 0 -4'. 2 +1.6 +.6 -.4 +2.2 +1.2 +1.2 +1.0 -.1 +.8 -.2 -1.3 -2.5 +.3 +1.3 +7.8 +.9 +4.8 +6.8 +4.1 +5.0 +2.7 +5.5 +5.0 +5.9 +5.0 +11.6 +3.8 +6.0 +8.3 +8.9 +4.7 +2.5 +2.0 +3.4 +2.4 +3.5 +3.1 +2.8 00 Icecream Slaughtering and meat packing Sugar,beet __„ Sugar refining, cane Tobacco manufactures __ Chewing and smoking tobacco and snufL Cigars and cigarettes.__ Paper and printing Boxes, paper _ Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: Book and job * Newspapers and periodicals4 69.5 116.1 48.1 92.5 +11.3 +1.6 +4.5 +.2 +10.2 +5.9 -.3 +20.2 30.50 27.21 28.78 25.53 +1.1 +3.8 -6.6 +.1 +5.0 -1.5 +1.1 +10.0 45.8 39.1 37.9 39. 1 +1.6 —.1 +9.4 -5.7 +2.0 -2.8 -3.1 +7.0 64.1 69.6 78.8 65.2 -1.7 +1.2 -3.7 +2.2 +1.1 +6.0 +2.8 59.1 61.6 58.7 -5.7 -4.1 -5.9 +.7 +1.3 17.08 18.50 16.80 -6.1 -2.8 -6.3 +1.2 +5.4 +.7 33.2 33.7 33.2 -7.9 -4.4 -8.3 -3.5 +1.1 -4.2 50.6 54.9 50.2 +1.9 +1.5 +1.9 +4.5 +3.7 +4.9 121.3 150.7 139.1 +.8 +3.9 +2.0 +10.6 +24.9 +20.6 30.51 23.74 28.31 -.3 +5.4 +11.6 +12.3 39.6 40.9 42.6 -.2 +.9 +.5 +.1 +.4 +3.7 +7.5 +6.6 80.5 58.5 66.6 -.1 +.7 +.2 +1.9 +4.1 +5.2 93.7 112.5 -1.3 +7.2 +1.4 31.54 39.09 -1.9 +3.9 +1.0 39.4 35.9 -L2 +2.4 +.5 81.4 106.1 +1.5 +1.3 156.6 142.4 161.0 208.3 83.3 137.7 +5.7 +6.7 +5.4 +3.3 -11.0 +17.4 +4.0 +21.7 +30.6 +21.0 +5.5 +2.6 +5.8 +2.0 +1.3 +2.0 +2.6 +1.8 -.2 +1.3 +9.0 -.5 +11.2 +20.2 +11.6 +3.1 +3.5 +1.2 +3.9 +2.3 +4.5 -.3 +6.9 +14.6 77.3 99.5 70.7 83.9 34.4 61.1 87.1 41.7 75.5 70.6 73.7 -.5 +.3 +1.0 +3.2 +.4 +1.4 -.5 -.4 78.7 111.3 43.5 102.6 +11.1 +7.2 +9.2 63.5 53.5 64.7 +.3 -1.4 -.5 -8.6 119.4 126.6 120.3 +1.1 +3.0 +1.5 102.8 117.1 +.7 +.2 +3.3 134.5 120.5 137.8 162.4 88.4 122.4 +2.9 +.5 +.6 +.5 +5.0 +7.4 -1.4 +.6 +4.9 +12.0 +7.4 +.4 -4.1 Chemicals, petroleum, and coal products Petroleum refining Other than petroleum refining Chemicals Cottonseed—oil, cake, and mealDruggists' preparations Explosives Fertilizers _ _.._ Paints and varnishes Rayon and allied products _. _ Soap._ 178.7 137.4 317.9 91.6 +26.9 +3.4 +1.8 +1.0 +2.2 +10.5 +4.0 +12.8 176.9 157.9 342.3 115.6 +51.3 +7.2 +2.8 +.7 +29.9 +19.8 +10.0 +17.9 30.95 36.64 29.07 34.24 15.17 25.12 35.66 17.48 31.57 27.54 29.76 Eubber products Rubber boots and shoes Rubber tires and inner tubes._. Rubber goods other. 105.1 72.4 82.7 180.3 +2.2 +5.2 +3.4 +24.1 +29.1 +18.6 +29.1 122.5 83.6 106.7 194.8 +2.5 +4.0 +3.9 +.1 +41.6 +51.3 +36.6 +46.9 31.77 26.54 37. 73 26.12 (18) +.8 +3.3 +2.0 -11.1 (18) +.6 (18) (IS) _(5) (18) (18) +.2 +.1 -1.3 +1.5 +17.9 +3.6 +1.0 -.3 +.3 —1.1 +.5 -.5 +7.7 +4.7 +9.4 +8.6 +8.5 +2.1 +11.7 +26.4 +8.4 +5.8 +5.3 +14.2 +17.3 +15.2 +13.8 37.0 40.7 40.8 42.9 39.4 41.0 41.9 41.9 39.0 40.4 +.9 —1.1 +1.1 +15.0 +2.7 +.2 -.4 80.4 64.8 99.3 65.4 +.3 +2.5 +1.0 +.7 +.2 +.5 +.8 -.1 +.8 -29.3 -3.8 0 +6.4 -1.0 92.3 84.9 77.6 59.8 88.8 -0.4 -3.9 +2.8 +1.6 -.5 +0.9 -4.4 +7.2 +6.6 +.9 +2.8 79.5 90.3 73.0 -1.3 -1.2 -.2 +2.7 +1.4 +3.7 +.9 39.4 41.2 37.9 40.4 -.7 -1.8 -1.3 +2.3 +9.5 +10.4 +11.3 +7.3 -38.1 -23.5 -.1 +5.0 +1.1 +1.5 +1.0 -.6 +.4 +5.0 +3.5 +6.9 +6.3 +3.1 +3.8 +4.6 +10.3 +4.7 +4.9 +2.9 +3.6 +6.2 +2.5 +5.7 NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929=100] Coal mining: 1 0 Anthracite 10» . Bituminous Metalliferous mining i> Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.. Crude-petroleum production* Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph w M Electric light and power is M Street railways and busses " i« is_ _ See footnotes at end of table. 48.7 21.1 76.6 48.1 60.7 -3.0 -76.8 +3.1 +8.8 83.0 91.9 68.2 +1.5 +1.8 -( 5 ) +.8 -4.8 -75.5 +13.2 +8.0 -3.9 24.3 15.5 76.9 47.0 57.1 -42.6 -83.5 +5.8 +16.5 +1.8 -32.9 -78.6 +21.3 +23.4 -3.1 $16.43 19.59 31.66 24.46 34.59 -40.9 -29.1 +2.6 +7.1 +1.0 -29.5 -12.7 +7.2 +14.2 +.9 18.5 24.2 41.0 40.9 37.7 +8.2 +2.1 108.1 107.8 83.0 +1.6 +1.6 -1.0 +9.5 +4.4 +3.8 31.97 35.75 34.27 +.1 +1.2 +2.3 +4.0 40.4 39.7 46.3 o -.2 -.9 -.4 +3.0 TABLE 5.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1941—Continued NONMANUFACTURING—Continued ••Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25= 100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Industry Trade: Wholesale » ....... Retail is i4..._ Food 1 * General merchandising Apparel 1 * F u r n i t u r e " 14 Automotive L u m b e r " 101317 Hotels (year-round) Laundries 10 Dyeing and cleaning w 13 Brokerage13 Insurance Building construction Average weekly earnings 1 Employment Pay rolls Percentage Index, change from— April 1941 March April 1941 1940 Percentage Index, change from— A rwil April 1941 March April 1941 1940 92.3 97.7 107.3 109.4 99.1 76.8 90.4 75.0 95.1 105.5 117.4 (18) (») +0.6 +5.6 +1.1 +13.3 +19.4 +3.5 +2.8 +3.4 +1.0 +2.9 +12.4 -.9 +.3 +11.1 +3.3 +8.8 +4.1 +17.8 +16.3 -1.0 +6.7 +3.6 +2.6 +8.5 +12.4 -14.0 +1.5 +33.6 83.0 91.3 100.6 98.5 91.8 72.1 95.2 72.6 86.7 95.5 98.1 (18) (18) (18) +1.2 +5.9 +1.5 +11.6 +20.0 +8.7 +8.3 +4.9 +1.2 +5.1 +27.2 +.7 — 4 +15l5 +7.2 +10.9 +6.7 +15.9 +19.2 +5.4 +16.4 +6.8 +4.2 +11.5 +23.2 -14.2 +2.0 +47.6 April 1941 $31.37 21.55 23.90 18.09 21.64 29.58 31.63 27.17 15.70 18.75 23.00 38.46 36.98 33.96 Percentage change from— March 1941 April 1940 +0.6 +.2 +.4 -1.5 +.4 +5.0 +5.3 +1.5 +.2 +2.1 +13.1 +1.6 +3.8 +2.0 +2.5 -1.6 +2.4 +6.6 +9.0 +3.1 +1.5 +2.8 +9.6 -.3 +.5 +10.5 +4^0 Average hours worked per weekl April 1941 40.9 42.5 43.0 38.7 38.0 44.6 47.3 42.5 45.7 43.4 45.5 (18) (18) 34.4 Percentage change from— March 1941 April 1940 +0.7 -.4 -0.6 -1.1 -.8 -.3 +.6 —.1 +1.2 +.4 +1.2 -.5 +.2 +7.3 (18) (18) +4.9 +.1 -1.4 -.6 -1.6 -.9 -1.3 +1.0 +6.2 (16) (18) +8.4 Average hourly earnings l April 1941 Percentage change from— March 1941 Cents 77.2 _j_(5) 55.1 1 +0.4 53.3 +.8 45.9 -1.4 56.4 +L2 69.5 +3.7 66.9 +4.1 65.3 +.7 33.9 +.5 43.2 +1.3 51.6 +4.5 (18) (18) (18) (18) 98.9 -1.0 April 1940 +5.0 +2.7 +2.5 -1.7 +3.5 +3.0 +10.4 +4.9 +2.7 +1.6 +3.1 (18) (18) +1.9 1 Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size and composition of the reporting sample. 2 See tables 9,10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January 1923 for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups. 3 Not comparable with previously published figures. See table 7 for revised figures from January 1940 to March 1941. * Revisions in the following industries have been made as indicated: Stamped ware.—January 1941 average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $26.32, 39.4 hours, 66,5 cents; January employment and pay-roll indexes to 190.6 and 214.4. Automobiles.—August, October, November, December 1940 and January 1941 average weekly earnings to $37.06, $39.25, $38.05, $36.49, $37.66; August, November, and December average weekly hours to 38.8, 39.8, 38.2; August, October, November, December, and January average hourly earnings to 95.6, 95.1, 95.7, 95.4, 96.9; August, September, November, December, and January employment indexes to 85.5, 112.2, 129.8, 130.2, 128.5; September, October, December, and January pay-roll indexes to 125.1,149.2,145.0,147.7. Jewelry.—January average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $22.78, 38.4, 58.6. Men's clothing.—January average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $20.40, 33.4, 60.7; January employment and pay-roll indexes to 109.2, 87.2. Men's furnishings.—October average hourly earnings to 42.3 cents. Printing—Book and job.—January average weekly earnings, average hourly earnings to $31.64, 81.0 cents. Printing—Newspapers.—January average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $38.15,35.4,105.2; January employment index to 115.2. * Less than Ho of 1 percent. 6 Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously pub- ished indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. 7 The indexes for "Automobiles" have been adjusted to 1933 census figures, but not to later census figures because of problems involving integrated industries. 8 Because of expansion in the reporting sample, hours and earnings are not comparable with those previously published as indicated: Shipbuilding.—Average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings (comparable October, November, December, and January figures $36.57, $34.46, $38.37, $37.69; 41.6, 38.5, 42.6, 42.0 hours; 87.1, 88.4, 89.5, 89.3 cents). November and January employment indexes revised to 204.1 and 240.3; November and December pay-roll indexes to 237.8, 287.7. 8 See table 8 in March 1941 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlet for revised figures from January 1935 to February 1941. i° Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in 11January 1938 issue of this pamphlet. See table 7 of October 1940 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average12 weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive. See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised figures for metalliferous mining from January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive. 13 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. 14 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable series for earlier months available upon request. « Covers street-railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance." *6 Indexes adjusted to 1933 Census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. 17 Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included. is Not available. *See table 6 for January, February, and March revisions. TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries MANUFACTURING Employment index IndustryApril 1941 All manufacturing 2 FebMarch ruary 1941 Pay-roll index 1941 April 1941 March 1941 February 1941 Average weekly earnings x Average hours worked per week l April 1941 March 1941 February 1941 $29.10 $29.10 $23. 56 40.0 40.4 40.0 April 1941 March 1941 February 1941 Average hourly earnings l April 1941 March 1941 February 1941 Cents 70.8 Cents 69.7 Cents 122.7 119.9 117.8 134.8 131.2 127.7 117.8 123.7 116.3 121.0 114.7 150.0 117.8 144.6 116.3 139.2 112.9 33.49 23.57 33.48 23.63 32.90 23.23 41.5 38.4 42.0 38.8 41.6 38.3 78.5 62.9 76.8 62.4 76.2 62.1 Iron and steel and their products, not including machinery _. 129.4 127.2 125.0 150.8 141.2 137.0 34.41 32.64 32.21 40.8 41.0 40.7 84.1 79.5 79.1 Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets Cast-iron pipe Cutlery (not including silver and plated cutlery) and edge tools Forgings, iron and steel _. Hardware Plumbers' supplies 3 Stamped and enameled ware 4 Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and steam fittings Stoves Structural and ornamental metal work Tin cans and other tinware Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, fc*files,and saws) Wirework . 137.4 154.7 92.6 135.0 150.5 90.5 133.3 146.0 164.1 212.0 104.3 149.0 199.4 99.2 145.4 192.7 97.4 37.87 32.99 27.06 34.94 31.87 26.22 34.51 31.87 26.07 44.7 41.8 40.1 44.0 41.5 40.0 44.3 41.3 95.4 73.8 64.3 87.3 72.4 62.8 71.9 62.9 116.5 99.5 116.6 100.8 210.0 113.3 97.4 117.1 100.5 207.4 109.4 94.5 114.9 99.1 201.6 124.8 140.5 135.7 98.4 242.5 123.1 137.6 138.1 100.5 240.9 114.7 130.2 134.8 96.7 232.6 27.96 38.18 28.64 28.18 27.08 28.44 38.23 28.95 28.97 27.04 27.44 37.29 28.84 28.15 26.99 42.2 45.4 41.4 39.4 40.4 42.6 45.9 42.0 40.4 40.4 41.6 45.2 41.9 39.6 40.4 67.4 84.3 69.3 71.6 67.8 83.4 69.0 71.5 66.7 67.1 82.7 68.9 71.1 66.3 108.9 108.4 99.1 109.0 107.3 103.4 97.2 107.1 105.9 99.2 95.9 104.1 116.8 108.7 103.4 127.4 112.1 102.8 97.1 122.3 109.8 94.1 93.8 117.2 32.28 28.28 33.71 26.11 31.49 28.03 32.35 25.63 31.28 26.79 31.67 25.31 43.6 40.1 43.2 41.3 42.6 40.2 42.9 40.4 42.6 39.1 42.2 39.4 74.1 70.8 78.2 64.3 74.2 69.9 75.6 63.8 73.6 68.8 75.0 64.7 133.0 207.4 130.1 209.7 126.2 207.8 165.7 242.8 160.5 256.4 153.3 252.5 31.67 28.62 31.36 29.89 29.71 46.3 40.1 46.4 41.7 46.1 41.7 68.1 71.6 67.7 72.1 67.1 71.3 Durable goods 2 Nondurable goods 2_ _ Durable goods Machinery, not including transportation equipment. Agricultural implements (including tractors) __ Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines Electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppliesEngines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills Foundry and machine-shop products.Machine tools Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts _ Typewriters and parts Transportation equipmentfi Aircraft 5 Automobiles 4 6 Cars, electric- and steam-railroad... Locomotives- 7_. Shipbuilding , Nonferrous metals and their products Aluminum manufactures 8 Brass, bronze, and copper products Clocks and watches and time-recording devices Jewelry 4 Lighting equipment Silverware and plated ware Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc-. lumber and allied products Furniture —_ Lumber: Millwork Sawmills _. Stone, clay, and glass products _. Brick, tile, and terra cotta_ Cement.. Glass Marble, granite, slate, and other products.. Pottery.... _„„ .__ 198.2 242.4 191.0 192.3 186.2 162. 0 146.3 141.5 143.5 144.2 140.3 136.4 247.1 123.6 307.1 149.1 96.2 133.6 236.7 120.0 297.2 144.8 92.9 108.5 368.2 152.5 472.2 163.9 112.1 174.5 176. 8 174. 2 44.7 43.7 44.9 41.0 44.2 40.6 38.25 34.46 34.26 33.13 36.99 33.87 45.3 44.1 44.3 44.3 37.99 34.60 41.10 25. 31 31.32 30.93 40.14 34.39 41.49 25.79 31.77 29.20 38.46 33.51 41.62 24.80 31.36 27.58 43.1 44.8 51.1 39.4 45.0 43.8 36.48 35. 55 36.36 31.93 36.75 39.11 38.80 35. 02 40.61 29.42 35.17 39.30 38.44 35.14 40.06 30.88 34.95 38.71 35.00 33.54 166.3 179.4 185.9 ! 175.7 35.06 37.84 39.26 34.41 376.4 143.6 461.9 157.2 110.3 159. 2 345.7 136.1 447.7 146.4 105.2 122.0 190.8 157.2 197.2 191.4 166.2 161.1 5, 913. 6 5, 563. 7 5, 344. 0 7, 182. 5 ', 678. 3 6, 440. 6 130.1 163.1 159.5 147.3 131.5 132.4 68.9 70.9 65.6 66.9 73.9 73.7 53.1 55.8 64.0 60.7 71.6 59.7 272.4 256.6 365. 0 338.1 392.5 294.4 156.5 175.8 151. 3 147.3 147.7 132.6 255.4 130.0 316.9 158.5 98.9 138.3 77.8 82.0 43.4 43.8 78.8 87.1 87.7 78.2 87.3 78.0 77.2 81.8 86.2 77.6 46.0 44.7 51.9 40.2 45.9 42.3 45.1 44.0 51.9 38.9 45.6 40.9 88.3 77.9 80.8 64.4 69.7 70.6 87.4 76.9 79.9 64.3 69.3 69.1 85.4 76.2 80.1 64.0 69.0 67.4 39.7 45.4 37.0 39.7 45.7 42.7 42.3 45.2 41.4 37.7 43.3 44.0 42.1 45.5 41.2 39.5 43.1 42.8 92.5 79.3 98.3 80.4 80.4 90.6 92.1 78.3 98.2 78.0 81.2 89.0 91.8 78.4 97.4 78.1 81.1 90.0 138.8 231.0 182.5 136.9 224.1 180.5 134.7 225.2 175.9 157.0 290.4 233.6 155.1 258.4 236.7 151.2 285.2 224. 2 31.49 31.40 35.70 31.57 28.74 36.45 31.00 31.73 35.17 42.0 41.7 43.8 42.1 38.1 44.4 41.8 42.0 43.6 74.9 75.4 81.6 74.8 75.5 82.2 74.0 75.5 80.9 114.3 104.4 113.3 81.6 101.3 111.4 104.2 111.9 79.8 100.6 109.1 102.2 111.3 78.4 99.8 133.8 93.7 105. 8 82.0 107.5 128.9 94.0 105.4 82.4 105.7 124.8 89.5 104.8 77.0 104.5 25. 86 24.07 28.60 29.04 30.10 25.58 24.14 28.83 29.81 29.60 25.27 23.41 28.78 28.35 29.51 41.2 40.3 39.8 43.2 39.1 41.8 40.9 40.5 44.3 39.1 41.2 39.8 40.4 42.7 38.9 62.7 59.4 71.8 67.8 77.1 61.2 58.9 71.1 68.0 75.8 61.4 58.5 71.2 67.0 75.9 73.8 97.6 72.6 96.7 75.7 95.2 72.8 93.9 70.6 90.0 22.18 23.22 21.68 23.03 21.24 22.32 39.4 40.0 54.7 57.0 54.1 56.5 53.4 56.0 69.7 63.7 57.7 62.7 58.2 60.5 23.36 21.03 22,78 20.33 22.81 19.91 40.4 38.9 41.3 38.6 56.6 53.0 56.2 52.3 55.0 51.6 93.0 69.2 74.2 121.8 45.3 113.1 89.7 65.4 69.3 119.5 43.4 111.2 86.9 64.1 65.8 115.8 41.8 107.8 59.3 66.4 91.1 62.4 75.5 143.5 34.6 110.9 40.2 40.8 41.1 39.7 39.7 40.8 69.7 65.2 72.0 95.8 70.0 62.9 85.2 56.1 66.2 140.5 31.1 104.4 82.0 54.8 62.3 135.3 30.0 26.50 23.38 28.72 28.70 26.80 24.88 25.90 22.30 27.13 28.76 25.37 23.95 25.61 22.09 26.93 28.62 25.33 23.38 38.0 38.4 40.3 37.4 36.9 37.6 37.2 37.4 38.2 37.1 35.2 37.3 37.2 37.5 38.0 37.0 35.6 37.0 69.5 60.6 71.3 77.0 73.5 66.6 68.9 59.4 71.0 77.8 72.3 64.4 68.5 58.9 70.9 77.4 71.6 63.6 112.2 103.7 111.6 102.7 85.5 103.6 110.1 101.7 83.9 102.6 107.1 104.1 81.2 113.3 107.1 101.1 83.1 104.8 103.9 98.5 79.2 101.7 19.46 19.28 25.86 17.54 19.38 18.89 26.86 16.39 19.08 18.61 26.10 16.04 37.3 38.3 37.4 39.3 37.8 38.6 39.0 38.8 37.4 38.3 38.4 38.4 52.2 50.9 69.2 44.6 51.6 49.4 68.9 42.3 51.4 49.2 68.1 41.8 Nondurable goods Textiles and their products.. Fabrics Carpets and rugs Cotton goods See footnotes at end of table. 104.7 TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued MANUFACTURING-Continued [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 censusfigures,except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Employment index Industry April 1941 March 1941 February 1941 Average weekly earnings Pay-roll index April 1941 February 1941 March 1941 February 1941 April 1941 March 1941 $20.87 $20.58 22.91 22.38 29.12 29.52 19.80 19.48 18.34 18.14 17.00 16.41 20.36 20.16 17.55 17.22 22.51 22.57 20.72 20.35 21.99 21.52 22.12 21.92 18.87 18.45 15. 66 15. 54 28.50 26.08 14.87 14.63 Average hours worked per week Average hourly earnings April 1941 March 1941 Februarv 1941 April 1941 March 1941 40.2 38.7 29.4 35.4 37.3 37.8 40.1 37.6 38.7 35.4 35.9 34.9 37.5 34.9 32.6 36.4 41.1 40.8 37.8 36.2 37.4 38.3 39.6 37.8 39.1 36.3 36.6 36.3 38.5 36.1 34.9 36.2 41.1 40.6 38.6 35.9 36.6 37.3 39.5 37,3 39.2 35.7 36.0 35.7 38.1 36.0 34.1 35.6 Cents 51.6 58.4 75.9 54.7 49.2 44.8 51.8 47.8 58.1 54.7 59.8 53.6 49.2 42.6 69.7 42.6 Cents 50.8 55.5 77.1 54.6 49.1 44.2 51.1 46.2 57.6 55.6 59.9 56.0 48.7 42.4 70.0 41.7 Cents 50.2 55.0 77.1 54.5 48.9 44.2 50.5 46.0 57.7 55.5 59.7 56.4 48.1 42.3 67.7 41.6 February 1941 Nondurable goods—Continued Textiles and their products—Continued. Fabrics—Continued. Cotton small wares Dyeing andfinishingtextiles-. Hats, fur-feltHosiery Knitted outerwear _. Knitted underwearKnitted cloth Silk and rayon goods Woolen and worsted goods. Wearing apparel 4 Clothing, men's ,._ Clothing, women's Corsets and allied garments Mori's furnishings 4 Millinery Shirts and collars- 100.8 143.3 80.7 141.9 71.4 82.6 141.5 68.5 104.3 126.4 117.9 172.6 118.1 122.3 87.8 130.0 98.2 142.0 84.7 143.8 68.2 80.4 145.6 67.2 102.7 127.0 115.9 177.8 317. 8 122.6 91.0 127.5 95.1 139.7 83.7 142.8 68.4 78.3 141.9 66.5 102.6 124.2 114.3 172.6 114. 5 118. 7 88.7 125.4 107.4 134.7 66.9 155.2 63.9 84.0 132.7 60.1 101.5 106.6 98.7 132.9 132. 5 123.9 75.5 126.3 104.5 133.3 88.1 160.5 60.8 81.7 133.0 57.5 100.3 112.3 99.6 148.0 133. 4 129.1 84.6 121.1 100.6 128.8 89.0 156.2 59.9 76.6 128.5 55.9 99.9 108.1 96.6 142.8 126.8 123.6 76.1 117.2 $20.73 22.78 23.00 19.37 18.53 17.03 20.89 18.04 22.44 19.96 21.40 20.62 18.65 15.13 26.37 15.20 Leather and its manufactures. 98.0 95.8 90.0 98.7 97.0 89.1 96.9 95.0 88.1 92.3 89.1 95.1 96.1 94.2 94.3 91.5 88.9 92.3 21.87 20.84 26.52 22.61 21.77 26.47 21.89 20.92 26.23 38.0 37.7 39.2 39.7 39.7 39.6 39.1 38.9 39.6 57.9 55.5 67.7 57.2 54.9 67.0 56.4 54.0 66.4 Food and kindred products.._ 123.9 146.5 271.5 102.4 96.9 86.4 120.3 145.0 263.9 96.0 80.4 89.3 119.1 142.9 255.4 91.4 85.1 86.1 125.5 140.9 331.4 90.1 87.5 85.8 122.5 140.0 312.9 85.3 75.6 93.5 119.6 137.8 294.6 81.3 76.4 89.2 25.57 26.59 35.67 22.96 17.33 19.17 25.73 26.66 34.63 23.12 17.90 20.30 25.25 26.73 33.69 23.15 17.02 20.04 39.6 41.1 40.0 45.3 34.2 37.1 40.0 41.6 38.9 45.4 34.5 39.2 39.5 41.6 38.1 45.3 33.9 38.8 65.5 64.7 89.9 49.6 51.4 52.5 65.5 64.1 90.1 50.2 52.5 52.4 65.1 64.4 89.2 50.6 50.7 52.3 Boots and shoes. Leather . Baking Beverages ._ Butter Canning and preserving Confectionery ._ .- .... to Flour Ice cream Slaughtering and meat packing Sugar, beet Sugar refining, cane. Tobacco manufactures Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff. Cigars and cigarettes Paper and printing Boxes, paper Paper and pulp Printing and publishing: Book and'job 4 Newspapers and periodicals 4 77.4 78.7 111.3 43.5 102.6 76.8 70.8 110.7 43.2 95.7 76.6 68.2 110.6 53.4 88.6 76.4 69.5 116.1 48.1 92.5 72.6 62.5 114.2 46.0 92.3 73.0 59.9 113.5 57.1 73.0 26.65 30.50 27.21 28.78 25.53 25.45 30.21 26.81 27.56 27.32 25.66 30.00 26.70 27.69 23.33 42.4 45.8 39.1 37.9 39.1 41.0 45.2 39.2 34.6 41.5 41.3 44.6 39.0 38.1 35.5 62.2 64.1 69.6 78.8 65.2 61.4 65.2 68.5 81.9 65.8 61.6 65.4 68.5 76.1 65.6 63.5 53.5 64.7 63.3 54.2 64.4 63.7 56.5 64.6 59.1 61.6 58.7 62.7 64.2 62.4 61.7 63.5 61.3 17.08 18.50 16.80 17.99 19.10 17.78 17.54 18.12 17.42 33.2 33.7 33.2 36.1 35.3 36.1 35.4 33.7 35.6 50.6 54.9 50.2 49.7 54.3 49.2 49.5 53.9 49.0 119.4 128.6 120.3 118.1 123.0 118.5 117.1 118.8 117.3 121.3 150.7 139.1 120.3 145.0 136.4 117.1 136.2 132. 5 30.51 23.74 28.31 30.67 23.54 28.19 30.04 22.87 27.66 39.6 40.9 42.6 39.7 40.8 42.5 39.1 39.8 41.9 80.5 58.5 66.6 80.7 58.2 66.4 80.3 57.9 66.1 102.8 117.1 102.1 116.9 102.8 115.9 93.7 112.5 94.9 112.1 93.2 109.7 31.54 39.09 32.08 39.02 31.28 38.54 39.4 35.9 39.8 36.0 39.2 35.5 81.4 10Q.1 81.7 105.5 81.0 105.7 134.5 120.5 137.8 162.4 88.4 122.4 130.7 119.5 133.4 159.3 99.4 120.9 127.8 119.2 129.9 155.1 112.0 119.3 156.6 142.4 161.0 208.3 83.3 137.7 148.2 133.4 152.7 201.7 93.6 137.7 144.2 132.1 148.0 193.9 104.9 136.4 30.38 34.68 28.86 33.93 15.15 25.62 35.14 14.88 30.46 27.28 29.84 30.24 34.36 28.71 33.50 15.02 25.72 35.96 14.69 30.22 26.94 29.54 39.9 37.0 40.7 40.8 42.9 39.4 41.0 41.9 41.9 39.0 40.4 39.1 36.0 40.1 41.0 42.5 39.9 40.5 36.5 40.8 38.9 40.5 38.8 35.6 39.8 40.6 43.4 39.9 41.0 34.9 40.6 38.4 40.3 77.3 99.5 70.7 83.9 34.4 61.1 87.1 41.7 75.5 70.6 73.7 76.6 96.7 70.5 82.9 34.6 61.6 86.8 40.8 74.9 70.0 73.6 77.0 97.0 70,7 82.6 34.0 61.9 87.6 42.1 74.6 70.2 73.4 31.67 26.83 37. 55 26.31 31.20 26.66 37.02 25. 72 39.4 41.2 37.9 40.4 39.7 41.7 37.9 41.0 39.3 41.3 37.8 40.3 80.4 64.8 99.3 65.4 79.9 64.3 99.4 64.7 79.2 64.5 98.1 64.3 29.35 26.90 30.83 22.64 34.91 18.5 24.2 41.0 40.9 37.7 29.9 31.6 41.0 38.9 37.3 31.4 30.9 41.0 38.9 37.4 92.3 84.9 77.6 59.8 88.8 92.7 88.3 75.4 58.9 89.3 92.6 88.4 75.6 58.2 90.4 Chemicals, petroleum, and coal products Petroleum refining Other than petroleum refining... Chemicals Cottonseed—oil, cake, and mealDruggists'preparations. Explosives Fertilizers Paints and varnishes Rayon and allied products. Soap (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) 178.7 137.4 317.9 91.6 140.9 132.9 312.2 90.7 113.2 128.6 311.0 89.8 176.9 157.9 342.3 115.6 116.9 147.4 332.9 114.8 92.8 141.7 327.6 112.6 30.95 36.64 29.07 34.24 15.17 25.12 35.66 17.48 31.57 27.54 29.76 Rubber products Rubber boots and shoes .Rubber tires and inner tubes-. Rubber goods other 105.1 72.4 82.7 180.3 102.8 68.9 80.0 179.2 100.7 68.0 78.6 174.9 122.5 83.6 106.7 194.8 119.5 80.4 102.7 194.6 115.3 78.9 99.7 185.2 31.77 26.54 37.73 26.12 (18) NONMANUFACTURING [Indexes are based on 12-month average, 1929 = 100] Coal mining: Anthracite < > "_ Bituminous 9 Metalliferous mining » Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.. Crude-petroleum production*.. See footnotes at end of table. 48.7 21.1 76.6 48.1 60.7 50.2 91.1 74.3 44.2 60.2 50.6 90.6 73.4 42.4 60.4 24.3 15.5 76.9 47.0 57.1 42.4 93.8 72.7 40.3 56.1 45.2 90.8 71.8 38.2 57.3 16.43 19.59 31.66 24.46 34.59 27.79 27. 64 30.85 22.85 34.25 fcO TABLE 6.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries—Continued NONMANUFACTURING—Continued [Indexes are based on 3-year average, 1923-25=100. For "all manufacturing," "durable goods," "nondurable goods," and "aluminum manufactures," they have been adjusted to preliminary 1939 census figures. The indexes for all other manufacturing groups and industries have been adjusted to 1937 census figures, except as otherwise noted, and are not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to August 1939. Comparable series available upon request] Employment index Industry Public utilities: Telephone and telegraph 121213 Electric light and power 1* Street railways and busses 12 1314_ Trade: Wholesale « 15_ Retail12"... Food 13 General merchandising " i3_ Apparel 1313 --. _... Furniture 1 3 Automotive Lumber 13 91216 Hotels (year-round) Laundries 9 Dyeing and1217 cleaning 9_. Brokerage Insurance 1 2 " Building construction J 7 _ Pay-roll index Average weekly earnings 1 March 1941 February April 1941 March 1941 $31. 64 35. 57 34.00 40.4 39.7 46.3 39.3 46.6 39.5 39.2 45.8 Cents 79.5 90.3 73.0 Cents 80.6 91.1 73.2 Cents 80.5 90.8 73.4 30.96 21.73 23.76 18.52 21.83 28.12 29.31 26.59 15.81 18.41 20.13 37.82 37.26 32.67 40.9 42.5 43.0 38.7 38.0 44.6 47.3 42.5 45.7 43.4 45.5 40.6 42.7 43.1 38.5 38.0 44.1 47.1 42.0 46.0 43.3 42.4 40.5 42.7 43.0 38.9 38.5 43.9 46.7 42.0 45.7 43.2 42.1 77.2 55.1 53.3 45.9 56.4 69.5 66.9 65.3 33.9 43.2 51.6 77.2 54.8 52.9 46.6 55.7 67.0 64.3 64.8 33.7 42.6 49.4 76.6 54.9 52.7 46.7 56.0 67.9 62.9 64.5 34.1 42.7 49.0 (13) (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) (18) 34.4 32.8 32.8 March 1941 February 1941 April 1941 March 1941 February 1941 April 1941 March 1941 February 1941 83.0 91.9 68.2 81.8 90.3 68.2 80.9 90.1 68.0 108.1 107.8 71.8 106.4 106.1 72.5 104.3 105.4 71.0 $31.97 35.75 34.27 $31.93 35.82 34. 59 92.3 91.8 92.5 106.1 96.6 83.0 74.2 87.9 72.5 94.2 102.5 104.4 -1.6 91.4 90.7 105.6 92.9 77.9 75.0 86.7 71.6 93.9 101.1 101.4 -1.6 83.0 91.3 100.6 98.5 91.8 72.1 95.2 72.6 86.7 95.5 98.1 82.0 86.2 99.1 88.3 76.5 66.3 87.9 69.2 85.7 90.9 77.2 -1.4 81.4 84.6 98.3 86.6 73.6 66.3 84.3 68.1 86.1 89.7 74.4 -2.7 -.3 —.4 31.37 21. 55 23.90 18.09 21.64 29.58 31.63 27.17 15.70 18.75 23.00 38.46 36.98 33.96 31.17 21.59 23.83 18.18 21.50 28.36 29.96 26.72 15.67 18.37 20.34 37.85 37.24 32.61 97.7 90.4 75.0 95.1 105.5 117.4 -.9 +.3 +11.1 +.2 +.2 +.2 -2.0 +•7 -.4 +15.5 +.6 +.5 Average hourly earnings April 1941 April 1941 107.3 109.4 99.1 76.8 Average hours worked per week 100.0 February 1941 (18) (18) 99.7 * Mimeographed sheets giving averages by years, 1932 to 1939, inclusive, and by months, January 1938 to August 1940, inclusive, available on request. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied by a smaller number of establishments than average weekly earnings, as not all reporting firms furnish man-hours. The figures are not strictly comparable from month to month because of changes in the size and composition of the reporting sample. 2 See tables 9, 10, and 11 in the December 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable series back to January 1919 for all manufacturing and back to January 1923 for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups. 3 Not comparable with previously published figures. See table 7 for revised figures from January 1940 to March 1941. 4 Revisions in the following industries have been made as indicated: Stamped ware.—January 1941 average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $26.32, 39.4 hours, 66.5 cents; January employment and pay-roll indexes to 190.6 and 2144. Automobiles.—August, October, November, December 1940 and January 1941 average weekly earnings to $37.06, $39.25, $38.05, $36.49, $37.66; August, November and December average weekly hours to 38.8, 39.8, 38.2; August, October, November, December, and January average hourly earnings to 95.6, 95.1, 95.7, 95.4, 96.9; August, September, November, December, and January employment indexes to 85.5, 112.2, 129.8, 130.2, 128.5; September, October, December, and January pay-roll indexes to 125.1, 149.2, 145.0, 147.7. Jewelry.—January average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $22.78, 38.4, 58.6. Men's clothing.—January average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $20.40, 33.4, 60.7, January employment and pay-roll indexes to 109.2, 87.2. Men's furnishings.—October average hourly earnings to 42.3 cents. Printing—Book and jo??.—January average weekly earnings, average hourly earnings to $31.64, 81.0 cents. Printing—Newspapers.—January average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings to $38.15, 35.4,105.2; January employment index to 115.2. * Adjusted on basis of a complete employment survey of the aircraft industry made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for August 1940. Not comparable with previously published indexes from January 1939 to August 1940, inclusive. Comparable figures for this period given in table 9 of the September 1940 issue of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. e The indexes for ' 'Automobiles" have been adjusted to 1933 census figures, but not to later census figures because of problems involving integrated industries. 7 Because of expansion in the reporting sample, hours and earnings are not comparable with those previously published as indicated: Shipbuilding.—Average weekly earnings, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings (comparable October, November, December, and January figures $36.57, $34.46, $38.37, $37.69; 41.6, 38.5, 42.6, 42.0 hours; 87.1, 88.4, 89.5, 89.3 cents). November and January employment indexes revised to 204.1 and 240.3; November and December pay-roll indexes to 237.8, 287.7. s See table 8 in March 1941 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlet for revised figures from January 1935 to February 1941. 9 Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938 issue of this pamphlet. i° See table 7 of October 1940 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for revised employment and pay-roll indexes, average hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in anthracite mining, February 1940 to September 1940, inclusive. 11 See table 7 of February 1941 Employment and Pay Rolls for revised figures for metalliferous mining from January 1938 to January 1941, inclusive. 12 Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not comparable with figures published in Employment and Pay Rolls prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. w Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable to indexes published in Employment and Pay Rolls pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940, with but one exception, retail furniture, which has been revised since publication of July 1940 pamphlet back to January 1936. Comparable series for earlier months available upon request. 14 Covers street-railways and trolley and motor bus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies; formerly "electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance." 15 Indexes adjusted to 1933 census. Comparable series in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS. 16 Cash payments only; additional value of board, room, and tips not included. u Indexes of employment and pay rolls are not available; percentage changes from preceding month substituted. is Not available. •January figures revised as follows: Employment index to 60.3, pay-roll index to 55.7, average weekly earnings to $33.99, average weekly hours to 37.7, average hourly earnings to 88.5 cents. 28 TABLE 7.—Revised Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in the Plumbers'* Supplies Industry, January 1940 to March 1941, Inclusive Year and month January... February. March April. May June 1940 July August September October November December January. _. February. March 1941 Employment index Average weekly earnings Pay-roll index Average hours worked per week Average hourly earnings Cents 182.2 181.9 181.8 18I.8 181.8 182.9 72.5 72.5 72.6 74.1 74.5 74.9 $25. 63 25.78 25.82 26.42 26.59 26.35 38.1 37.8 37.7 38.3 38.4 38.2 84.4 91.1 94.3 96.6 76.1 81.7 82.8 87.3 90.4 95.1 26.28 27.42 2 26.93 27.66 27.66 28.42 37.9 39.6 39.1 40.1 39.7 40.5 69.4 69.3 2 68.9 69.0 69.7 70.2 97.7 99.1 100.5 91.8 96.7 100.5 27.13 28.15 28.97 39.0 39.6 40.4 71.1 71.5 67.3 68.2 68.4 69.2 69.2 69.1 1 Not revised—same as previously published. 2 Not comparable with figures for earlier months because of expansion of reporting sample (comparable August weekly earnings and hourly earnings $27.13 and 68.6 cents). TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in 55 "Additional" Manu- facturing Industries [12-month average 1939=100] Employment Industry Iron and steel group: Metal doors and shutters Firearms Screw-machine products Wire not made in rolling mills Wrought pipe not made in rolling mills.. Steel barrels, kegs, and drums._ Machinery group: Machine-tool accessories.-. Pumps Refrigerators and refrigerating apparatus... Sewing machines Washing machines, wringers, and driers.. . Transportation equipment group: Motorcycles, bicyles, and parts.. Nonferrous metals group: Sheet-metal work _. Smelting and refining of scrap metal Lumber group: Caskets and morticians' goods Wood preserving Wood turned and shaped Wooden boxes, other than cigar. _. Mattresses and bedsprings. Stone, clay, and glass products group: Abrasive wheels. Asbestos products. Lime _ Gypsum _ Glass products made from purchased glass. Wallboard and plaster, except gypsum Textiles: Textile bags Cordage and twine House furnishings: Curtains, draperies, and bedspreads Other Jute goods, except felt— Handkerchiefs --_ 1 Not available. April 1941 126.9 Pay rolls March Febru- April 1941 ary 1941 125.7 121.5 March Febru1941 ary 1941 135.9 136:7 224.4 158.4 175.7 147.5 222-. 7 154.8 167.9 126.7 190.5 158.0 150.9 117.8 125.4 167.6 130.9 141.8 111.7 180.2 147.5 141.1 113.7 118.0 251.7 218.6 184.6 165.4 162.6 235.0 203.9 177.5 149.0 145.2 214.4 147.8 161.0 127.7 219.4 186.0 160.6 138.5 136.6 147.3 133.5 123.9 168.3 144.6 130.9 142.2 140.5 140.1 135.4 137.6 132.0 161.2 167.9 155.3 162.5 151.5 146.8 100.9 121.0 117.2 118.3 116.2 101.8 117.2 116.3 115.9 114.5 101.9 113.3 114.0 115.7 110.9 107.8 142.7 130.9 137.7 127.7 109.7 137.6 130.7 129.7 125.7 111.4 128.2 127.1 124.1 119.1 172.4 121.3 120.5 111.9 132.6 122.8 164.3 115,8 111.9 109.2 130.2 122.2 156.5 109.8 109.1 108.0 133.8 120.9 203.6 139.0 141.0 126.3 142.7 137.1 182.7 138.2 120.8 112.8 142.4 136.5 171.7 129.6 117.0 114.3 135.7 131.6 111.3 124.6 104.8 120.4 102.8 117.9 120.3 148.1 115.8 138.3 111.0 130.3 101.7 136.0 121.5 101.1 104.5 129.6 113.5 100.3 102.7 123.3 106.4 97.4 123.5 141.3 150.7 112.8 125.1 143.4 136.5 117.1 118.9 136.1 121.4 108.4 0) 178.3 136.7 155.7 117.4 200.5 165.5 154.9 122.3 130.8 0) 173.3 133.3 144.9 108.1 0) 0) 131.5 0) 29 TABLE 8.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in 55 "Additional" Manufacturing Industries—Continued [12-month average 1939=100] Pay rolls Employment Industry April 1941 Leather group: Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.. Leather gloves and mittens.. Trunks and suitcases Food group: Cereal preparations C ondensed and evaporated milk Feeds, prepared Paper and printing group: Paper bags Envelopes _ Paper goods, not elsewhere classified _ ... _ Bookbinding Lithographing Chemical, petroleum, and coal products group: Ammunition Compressed and liquefied gases.. Perfumes and cosmetics Coke-oven products.. Paving materials—. Roofing materials.. _ Miscellaneous group: ChemicalfireextinguishersButtons. Instruments—professional, scientific, and commercial Optical goods Photographic apparatus-_ Pianos, organs, and parts Toys, games, and playground equipment.. March Febru- April 1941 ary 1941 1941 M a r c h Febru1941 ary 1941 103.3 135.7 136.4 104.8 130.1 131.7 103.5 125.3 137.1 111.9 169.4 131.6 117.5 156.6 131.1 114.0 146.4 136.0 102.2 109.6 105.4 100.2 102.6 101.3 95.1 99.9 100.9 114.3 117.7 113.5 107.6 107.9 104.6 99.5 104.5 102.8 115.0 112.0 117.7 105.9 98.7 105.5 111.0 115.5 105.7 96.6 103.5 107.5 112.9 104.3 96.4 129.9 118.5 124.7 121.5 170.4 117.6 116.7 123.8 121.8 106.1 114.3 113.0 118.2 117.5 98.4 (i) (i) (i) (i) (i) (l) 135.7 92.7 115.8 97.2 121.5 133.1 90.3 118.5 86.4 115.9 128.0 90.2 119.0 83.8 105.9 160.9 94.3 125.6 102. 2 136.0 162.9 91.0 123.2 93.7 126.1 143.9 89.0 122.1 87.8 112.1 224.4 111.9 218.4 111.5 210.6 111.2 271.0 129.6 279.9 127.8 263.7 125.5 169.2 155.9 113.6 123.1 106.6 161.0 149.8 110.6 121.5 111.4 152.7 143.9 109.0 122.0 102.6 203.7 174.8 128.9 129.3 108.5 192.9 165.2 120.8 127.0 117.0 180.5 154.8 115.8 125.7 104.2 i Not availabe. TABLE 9.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing 1 and Nonmanufacturing 2 Industries, April 1940 to April 1941 1941 1940 Industry Av. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec, Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr Employment Manufacturing All industries Durable goods 3_ 107.5 103. 2 102.5 103.1 103.2 107.4 111. 4 113.8 114. 7 116.2 115. 5 117.8 119.9 122.7 104.3 i8.7 i9.2 98. 4 102. 4 108.2 112.8 115.5 117. 7 118.3 121.0 123.7 127.7 Nondurable goods *__... 110. 6 107.5 105. 6 106. 2 107.8 112. 2 114.4 114.8 113.8 114.8 112. 7114. 7 116. 3 117.8 Nonmanufacturing Anthracite mining5 50.7 51.2 Bituminous-coal mining »__ 88.0 2 Metalliferous mining6 67.7 Quarrying and nonmetallic mining 45.3 44.5 Crude-petroleum production _ 62.9 63.1 7 Telephone and telegraph7_ 77.9 76.7 Electric light and power __ 91.1 90.0 Street 78 railways and busses 68.5 68.3 Wholesale trade 7 90.4 89.3 Retail trade 92.3 89.8 5 Year-round5 hotels _. 92.0 92.7 Laundries .. 99.5 97.2 Dyeing and cleaning 5_ 104.7 104. 5 See footnotes at end of table. 51.8 49.7 50.5 49.9 49.8 49.4 50.4 50.8 50.3 50.6 50.2 48.7 85.1 83.8 84.9 86.6 87.7 89.8 90.1 90.2 90.6 91.1 21.1 1.2 70.3 71.0 71.5 72.5 72.6 72.5 72.2 72.5 73.4 74.3 76.6 46.9 47.9 48.1 48.5 48.9 48.8 47.2 45.4 41.7 42.4 44.2 48.1 63.3 63.1 63.6 63.0 62.4 61.3 60.7 60.3 60.4 60.2 60.7 77.3 77.8 78.8 79.0 78.9 79.1 79.2 79.7 80.4 80.9 81.8 83.0 90.6 91.2 92.2 93.0 92.7 92.3 91.8 91.3 90.5 90.1 90.3 91.9 68.4 68.5 68.4 68.4 68.5 68.7 68.7 68.4 68.3 68.0 68.2 68.2 88.9 89.6 .89.2 90.1 90.9 91,0 91.8 92 5 91.2 91.4 91.8 92.3 91.2 91.9 89.1 88.7 92.8 94.3 96. 3 108! 1 90.5 90.7 92.5 97.7 93.4 92.0 90.3 90.3 91.6 93.4 92.3 92.6 92.9 94.2 95.1 99.1 102.1 102. 5 102.8 101. 9 100. 2 99.7 100.3 101. 4 101.1 102. 5 105. 5 108.7 112. 6 108. 2 106.7 110.0 109.4106. 0 103. 3 101.0 101.4 104.4 117.4 30 TABLE 9.—Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Selected Manufacturing and Non- maufacturing Industries, April 1940 to April 1941—Continued 1941 1940 Industry Av. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Ncv. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Pay Rolls Manufacturing All industries Durable goods 3 Nondurable goods4 Nonmanufacturing Anthracite mining» Bituminous-coal mining 5__ Metalliferous mining« Quarrying and nonmetallic mining Crude-petroleum production Telephone and telegraph 77 . Electric light and power . S t r e e t 78 r a i l w a y s and busses Wholesale trade,. Retail trade7 Year-round5 hotels 5_. Laundries Dyeing and cleaning«._ 105.4 97.9 97.8 i9.5 98. 2 105. 5 111. 6 116. 2 116.4 122.4 120.7 126.8 131. 2 134.8 98. 7 101.4 97.4 106. 5 115.1 123.4 125.1 131.7 132.0 139.2 144.6 150.0 107.8 97.4 102.7 97.3 104. 4 107. 7 108.1106.6 112.1 108.1 112.9 116. 3 117. 8 38.5 36.3 40.0 40.6 36.5 33.1 39.3 32.3 37.6 42.7 38.5 45.2 42.4 24.3 81.2 72.2 75.3 73.9 75.2 82.5 83.2 83.6 84.5 91.4 87.8 90.8 93.8 15.5 66.7 63.4 65.7 65.3 63.6 68.5 69.5 71.3 72.8 70.4 71.8 72.7 76.9 40.3 47.0 40.5 38.1 42.7 43.9 43.5 45.2 46.2 46.7 42.3 42.4 36.9 58.2 59.0 58.7 58.8 59.1 56.8 55.9 55.9 55.7 55.7 57.3 56.1 57.1 1.0 58.2 57.6 56.8 100.2 98.7 98.8 100.0 101. 3 100.. 4 101.8 102. 2 103. .03.99 104. 3 106. 4 108.1 03.22 103. 5 103. 104. 8 103.1.3 104. 2 104.8 105.8 108.1 105.8 107. 0 106. 9 106. 0 105.1 105.4 106.1 107.8 70.4 79.0 84.2 82.4 87.7 78.2 69.2 77.4 82.3 83.2 85.6 79.6 69.2 77.4 83.4 83.0 88.5 85.4 70.5 78.4 84.8 82.0 92.4 89.6 70.0 78.3 82.6 80.5 90.0 80.0 70.4 78.7 81.5 80.7 90.5 78.9 71.5 81.1 85.1 81.8 89.9 85.6 70.7 80.2 85. 84.2 88.0 82.4 70.3 80.7 87.1 83.6 87.2 77.8 73.1 83.4 97.3 84.1 89.2 75.8 70.7 80.5 83.7 84.1 89.8 73.3 71.0 81.4 84.6 86.1 89.7 74.4 72.5 82.0 86.2 85.7 90.9 77.2 71.8 83.0 91.3 86.7 95.5 98.1 1 3-year average 1923-25=100—adjusted to preliminary 1939 Census of Manufactures. See tables 9, 10, and 11 of December 1940 EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS for comparable figures back to January 1919 for "all manufacturing" and January 1923 for "durable goods" and "nondurable goods." 2 12-month average for 1929=100. Comparable indexes for wholesale trade, quarrying, metal mining, and crude-petroleum production are in November 1934 and subsequent issues of EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS, or in February 1935 and subsequent issues of MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW. For other nonmanu- facturing indexes see notes 5, 6, and 7. 3 Includes: Iron and steel, machinery, transportation equipment, nonferrous metals, lumber and allied products, and stone, clay, and glass products. < Includes: Textiles and their products, leather and its manufactures, food and kindred products, tobacco manufactures, paper and printing, chemicals and allied products, products of petroleum and coal, rubber products, and a number of miscellaneous industries not included in other groups. 5 Indexes have been adjusted to the 1935 census. Comparable series from January 1929 forward are presented in January 1938 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet. See also table 7 of October 1940 pamphlet for revisedfiguresfor anthracite mining February 1940 to September 1940. e See table 7 of February 1941 pamphlet for revised indexes January 1938 to January 1941. 7 Retail-trade indexes adjusted to 1935 census and public-utility indexes to 1937 census. Not comparable with indexes published in EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS pamphlets prior to January 1940 or in MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW prior to April 1940. Comparable series January 1929 to December 1939 available in mimeographed form. 8 Covers street railways and trolley and motorbus operations of subsidiary, affiliated, and successor companies. INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL METROPOLITAN AREAS A comparison of employment and pay rolls in March and April 1941 is made in table 10 for 13 metropolitan areas, each of which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas but having a population of 100,000 or over are not included. Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning them have been prepared in a supplementary tabulation which is available on request. The figures represent reports from cooperating establish- 31 ments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 6, with the exception of building construction, and include also miscellaneous industries. Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more according to the 1930 Census of Population. TABLE 10.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in March and April 1941, by Principal Metropolitan Areas Metropolitan area Number of Number on Percentage Amount of Percentage pay roll establishchange change pay roll from (1 week) ments from April 1941 April 1941 March 1941 April 1941 March 1941 13, 629 4,351 2,477 1,540 2,849 799,701 527, 427 274, 688 403, 719 237, 247 +2.4 $24,080,646 +3.5 16,129,795 8,054, 292 +2.2 +1.0 14,172,976 7,647,468 +4.2 Cleveland. St. Louis _ _ Baltimore. Boston s Pittsburgh. 1,576 1,400 1,117 2,964 1,313 163,039 154,847 143,953 219,482 231, 246 +3.7 +1.3 +4.2 +2.2 San Francisco 6_. Buffalo Milwaukee 1,733 798 992 103,424 112, 571 130, 341 New York i Chicago 2 Philadelphia 3.. Detroit Los Angeles 4_. -2.2 -(7) +3.5 +8.9 +1.7 +5.7 -.1 -8.5 +7.1 5, 357, 658 4,135, 248 4, 232,126 6,188,549 7, 996,519 +3.0 +1.8 +5.8 +2.6 +2.8 3, 350, 211 3, 600, 787 4,142,142 +3.8 +8.6 -.9 1 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N . J., or Yonkers, N . Y. Does not include Gary, Ind. Does not include Camden, N. J. Does not include Long Beach, Calif. s Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, or Somerville, Mass e7 Does not include Oakland, Calif. Less than Ho of 1 percent. 2 3 4 WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIES The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending April 15, 1941, as shown by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau. As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry, and furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. 32 TABLE 11.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending Apr. 15, 1941 * 2 Establishments Group and industry Total Number number reporting reporting increases . 33,850 Iron and steel group Blast furnaces Bolts, nuts, and washers._ Cast-iron pipe.. Forgings.... Hardware Plumbers' supplies Stamped and enameled ware. Steam and hot-water fittings.. Stoves Structural and ornamental metalwork_. Tin cans Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools, files, and saws) _ . . _ . _ Wirework Screw-machine products Wire (not made in rolling mills) Wrought pipe- All manufacturing 2,595 353 66 69 93 165 109 241 111 244 310 136 Machinery group 3,815 107 591 Average percentage change in wage rates of Number emhaving ployees increases having increases Employees Total number covered 6,954,741 813,621 9.6 1,013,980 544,078 17, 302 18,710 17, 065 53, 976 27, 968 49, 563 39,194 40, 553 34, 410 478,333 434, 216 1,552 3,057 1,280 2,975 320 6,522 3,307 1,623 7,243 1,319 11.1 11,3 8.5 9.9 10.4 9.4 8.3 9.7 6.1 6.4 11.4 4.6 19, 418 29,185 13, 912 17,048 8.132 572 1,300 1,954 3,138 1,428 5.8 6.1 9.8 10.8 11.4 155 3 21 1,068,857 57, 006 305, 355 44,308 495 19, 229 6.7 3.5 5.5 69 2,243 201 72 128 106 4 108 4 3 5 4 74, 949 334, 748 88, 200 46, 232 22, 761 22, 861 2,012 14, 808 3,187 3,738 203 167 10.8 8.0 5.6 5.9 9.6 8.0 777 88 411 73 161 24 5 5 4 849,483 151, 862 485, 097 38,077 152, 735 39, 780 22, 009 3,313 3,110 11, 257 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.9 6.1 1,093 342 93 53 131 27 239, 739 91, 458 14, 883 29, 705 7,310 3,686 11,876 1,688 616 2,715 144 465 8.6 5.8 5.8 7.5 6.2 3.3 721 593 780 86 140 72 359,188 107, 578 40, 240 138, 586 6,411 14, 506 18, 631 10,307 3,706 887 3,313 119 970 10.5 16.2 5.7 7.4 7.0 8.8 7.7 Stone, clay, and glass Brick, tile, and terra cotta.Cement Marble, granite, slate, and other products. Pottery—., Lime. 1,601 545 135 247 137 219,639 44, 888 22, 027 6,076 34, 766 6,946 21,515 5,476 953 170 10, 519 321 10.4 13.1 8.3 8.9 9.6 9.9 Textiles and their products Fabrics Cotton goods Cotton small wares . Dyeing and finishing textiles. Knit underwear Silk and rayon goods. See footnotes a t end of table. 6,649 3,535 848 133 229 142 417 1,396,067 1,039,241 435, 372 14, 706 63,161 41, 245 80,061 131,920 126,049 70, 482 1,144 7,108 705 18, 769 8.0 8.2 8.3 6.2 8.2 6.4 Agriculture implements (including tractors) _. Electrical machinery Engines, turbines, water wheels, and windmills Foundry and machine-shop products-. Machine tools _ Radios and phonographs Textile machinery and parts _ PumpsTransp Aircraft Automobiles Cars, electric- and steam-railroad _ Shipbuilding. Nonferrous group Brass, bronze, and copper products.. Lighting equipment Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc. Sheet metal work Smelting and refining (scrap metal).. Lumber group Furniture. Mill work.. Sawmills Wood—turned and shaped Wooden boxes (other than cigar) Fabricated plastic and wood pulp products.. 306 177 4 11 5 6 4 13 132 168 79 45 26 210 86 9 16 3 33 33 TABLE 11.—Wage-Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending Apr. 15, 1941—Continued Group and industry Total number covered Total Number number reporting reporting increases Textiles and their products—Continued. Fabrics—Continued. Woolen and worsted goods . C ordage and twine Wearing apparel Men's clothing Shirts and collars.. leather group __ Boots and shoes.... Leather Boot and shoe cut-stock and findings. Leather gloves and mittens 149, 351 58, 718 249,247 177, 221 39,631 10,488 7,766 1,087 518 183 128 53 435, 501 83,135 40, 294 5,925 59, 327 14, 940 5,365 1,069 636 326 1,025 350 281 23 106 96 Food group Baking Beverages.. Butter.... Canning.. Flour...... Icecream Cereal preparations Condensed and evaporated milk... Feeds, prepared.. Tobacco group.. Paper and printing _ Paper boxes Paper and pulp.. Printing: Book and job Newspapers and periodicals _ Envelopes.. Chemicals, petroleum, and coal products Chemicals.. Fertilizers Paints and varnishes. Petroleum refining.. Liquors, distilled Coke-oven products.. Rubber group Rubber goods, other.. Miscellaneous Roofing materials Mattresses and bedsprings 160,340 12,132 415 57 3,114 1,165 277 ._ ___ _ All nonmanufacturing (except building construction) Metalliferous mining . Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.. Crude petroleum Electric light and power.. Manufactured gas Street railways and busses Wholesale trade Retail t r a d e . . Hotels Laundries _._ Average percentage change in wage rates of Number emhaving ployees increases having increases Employees Establishments 9,469 7,043 6,204 3,754 20, 284 653 5,871 1,058 4,337 7.4 5.5 4.7 7.3 4.3 6,055 1,824 2,650 126 1,436 5.2 1.8 5.1 5.7 11, 426 941 1,675 319 3,444 85 291 1,269 216 320 7.3 6.9 5.6 5.8 8.7 4.9 4.2 7.4 14.0 8.3 224 66, 629 2,536 10.3 4,064 680 453 396, 572 47, 523 140, 568 10,698 424 7,202 6.1 6.0 6.3 1,630 734 64 85, 079 63, 277 7,054 419 1,498 216 4.8 5.2 5.5 2,354 240 324 521 182 99 21 360, 857 71, 218 23, 853 24, 796 70, 563 12, 555 7,114 33,938 5,989 588 1,766 15, 866 2,328 1,378 6.2 6.6 6.2 5.9 5.0 7.0 12.9 128,127 50, 955 6,325 4,438 7.8 8.1 170, 855 3,464 11,120 4,604 531 129 6.8 6.8 5.6 *2,984,279 *71, 202 *35,263 *39,438 *245,134 *34,202 •130,198 *346,450 *1,030,294 *151, 730 *85,663 23, 549 12,178 383 2,918 197 430 1,612 3,019 2,174 262 260 8.1 9.3 9.1 5.5 9.6 7.0 4.2 7.7 8.0 5.1 12.8 257 206 . 1,240 24 193 *95, 949 *387 *1,090 *494 *2,871 *169 *352 *15,455 *55,176 •2,055 *1, 386 38 18 12 19 3 9 104 70 3 4 1 Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. They are, however, included where practicable in "All manufacturing," in "All nonmanufacturing," and in the various industry groups. 2 No decreases reported. •Approximate—based on previous month's sample. 34 Public Employment Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment financed from both regular and emergency appropriations. EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of the Federal Government in March and April 1941 are given in table 12. TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the United States Government, April 1941 1 [Subject to revision] Employment Class April 1941 Entire service: Total. Regular appropriation Emergency appropriation... _ Force-account Inside the District of Columbia: Total. Regular appropriation Emergency appropriation.. Force-account Outside the District of Columbia: Total. Regular appropriation _ E mergency appropriation. _ Force-account ._ March 1941 Pay rolls Percentage change April 1941 M a r c h 1941 1,251, 283 1, 202,348 +4.1 1,061, 520 1,022,024 48,056 47, 647 132, 268 142,116 +3.9 -.9 +7.4 161, 374,753 6,513, 579 21,325,132 157,058, 608 6,536,796 20,648,902 $189, 213, 464 $184, 244, 306 172,876 167,081 +3.5 29,426,672 28,478,887 156,071 7,656 9,149 150,058 7,394 9,629 +4.0 +3.5 -5.0 26,432,190 1,184, 746 1,809,736 25,356,347 1,157,920 1,964,620 1,078,407 1,035, 267 +4.2 +3.8 -1.7 +8.4 159, 786, 792 155,765, 419 134,942,563 5,328,833 19, 515,396 131,702, 261 5, 378,876 18, 684,282 905,449 39,991 132,967 871,966 40, 662 122, 639 Percen age chang +2.7 +2.7 +3^3 +3.3 +4.2 +2.3 -7.9 +2.6 +2.5 -.9 +4.4 i Data relate to the last pay period of the month. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during April on construction projects financed from Public Works Administration funds are given in table 13, by type of project. 35 TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works Administration Funds, April 1941 1 [Subject to revision] Employment Type of project Maxi- Weekly mum 2 average All programs.. 10,997 9,527 Monthly p a y rolls $1,338,312 Man-hours Average worked earnings during per hour month 1,336,599 $1.001 Value of material orders placed during month $1,862,671 Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds All projects. Building construction Naval vessels Public roads 4_. Reclamation Water and sewerage.- 3 213 179 $16, 989 23,422 $0. 725 $32,038 75 0 68 0 44 45 22 7,094 0 2,549 5,141 2,205 5,503 0 6,203 7,825 3,891 1.289 0 .411 .657 .567 16,116 2,718 5,000 4,437 3,767 ._ (5) _ 65 29 Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriation Act 1938 funds All projects. Airport construction (exclusive of buildings) Building construction.. Electrification. Reclamation _.___. River, harbor, and flood controlStreets and roads ._ Professional, technical, and clerical.. .. 1,817 1,674 $196,113 218, 686 $0.897 $304, 332 243 649 0 901 20 1 3 243 607 0 800 20 1 3 26, 285 49, 344 0 116,272 3,587 121 504 34,401 46,453 0 133,078 3,970 80 704 .764 1.062 0 .874 .904 1.513 .716 37, 287 173, 203 90 92,626 1,096 0 30 Non-Federal projects financed from National Industrial Recovery Act funds All projects.. 98 88 $4, 988 7,176 $0. 695 $55,028 Building constructionRailroads. . __ Miscellaneous-. 24 16 58 23 16 49 895 34 4,059 664 69 6,443 1.348 .493 .630 0 0 55,028 _ Non-Federal projects financed from Emergency Relief Appropriation Act 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds All projects.. 3,198 2,884 $402, 329 513, 980 $0. 783 $628,403 Electrification.- . . . Heavy engineering-.Water and sewerage. 211 2,806 114 192 2,563 78 19, 604 368, 647 6,679 22, 635 476, 749 9,057 .866 .773 .737 50, 544 542, 510 34, 760 Non-Federal projects financed from Public Works Administration Appropriation Act 1938 funds All projects.. 5,671 4,702 $717,893 573, 335 $1. 252 $842,870 Building construction.. .... E lectrification Heavy engineering.. Streets and roads Water and sewerage 1,793 319 2,152 360 1,047 1,439 279 1,845 272 867 241,307 56, 477 276,051 26, 367 117, 691 164,493 37,151 239, 524 25,819 106, 348 1.467 1.520 1.152 1.021 1.107 254, 771 48, 581 416,634 25,345 97, 539 . ._ 1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. 2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes weekly average for public roads. *6 Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. Not available: weekly average included in total for all projects. 36 UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY Table 14 shows data concerning employment, pay rolls, and manhours worked in April 1941 on low-rent projects of the United States Housing Authority. TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Low-Rent Housing Projects Operated by the United States Housing Authority, April 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Geographic division Monthly pay rolls Man-hours Average worked earnings during per hour month Value of material orders placed during month Maximum Weekly All divisions 38,970 32,678 $3, 892,911 4,052, 571 $0,961 $5,657,940 New England Middle Atlantic East North Central West North Central South Atlantic _ 3,045 4,719 5,946 49 12, 337 2,526 3,828 4,888 38 10, 457 357,910 627, 425 689, 247 4,064 1, 093, 720 309,555 469, 494 595, 652 4,442 1, 298, 382 1.156 1.336 1.157 .915 .842 618,234 690,624 1, 055,079 261, 040 1, 274, 476 East South Central-. West South CentralMountain- .... _ Pacific Outside continental United States. . 3,545 5,785 448 2,033 1,063 3,050 4,937 388 1,593 973 289, 206 513, 617 50, 319 231, 487 35, 916 361, 557 626, 760 45, 607 197, 557 143, 565 .800 .819 1.103 1.172 .250 358, 964 898,875 96, 782 361,423 42, 443 average WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in April on projects financed by the Work Projects Administration is shown in table 15, by type of project. TABLE 15.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Work Projects Administration, April 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Type of project Maximum number employed > Weekly average Monthly pay-roll disbursements Number of man-hours worked during month Value of Average material orders earnings placed per hour during month Projects operated by Work Projects Administration All projects.. 1, 566,325 $92,325,962 205,148,616 2 $0.450 Projects operated by other Federal agencies 6,470,434 $0.417 $616,665 All projects 57,827 55,314 $2,696, 470 Airport construction (exclusive of 4 .497 282 254 0 18,246 36,719 buildings) 29,064 420,361 1,421, 594 Building construction .418 3,398,646 31,098 6,677 24,331 272,127 Forestry 6,679 702,391 .387 6 46, 759 Grade-crossing elimination __ .._ 18,952 21,470 .883 153 196 55, 511 214,222 1,212 55, 731 Hydroelectric power plants 4 .260 1,250 Plant, crop, and livestock conser26,414 277,254 5,362 602.490 .460 vation 5,410 218,080 .591 6,545 368,970 2,883 Professional, technical, and clericaL 2,973 0 2,050 4,862 .422 62 48 Public roads' 1,012,826 33,089 .370 374, 756 8,924 8,731 Reclamation 0 2,380 3.984 .597 33 31 River, harbor, and flood control,. _ .447 45, 309 893 20,245 407 400 Streets and roads 1,691 .253 267 7,820 30,948 258 Water and sewerage 1,071 246 7.235 241 27. 597 .262 Miscellaneous * Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 2 Data are for the calendar month; will be published by type of project in May issue of this publication. 3 Data on a monthly basis are not available. *8 Includes projects under construction in Puerto Rico. Projects under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. 37 Data on employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked in April on each type of project operated by the Work Projects Administration were not available when this report was prepared. The figures for March are presented in table 16. TABLE 16.—Average Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Work Projects Administration, by Type of Project, March 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment 1 Type of project All projects Average earnings per hour Manhours worked Pay rolls 1,708,658 $95,910,162 213, 754,441 $0.449 2, 505, 742 31, 401, 506 22, 273, 522 8,841,861 11, 402, 538 5,682,351 76, 517, 379 45, 370.855 18,186, 265 24,545,962 .441 .410 .491 .486 .465 66, 711 18,816 118, 027 65,001 75,089 4,070,653 1 049,230 6,091, 664 3, 310,028 4,963,418 8, 269,148 2, 512, 303 15,196, 561 7,883, 757 9, 589,860 .492 .418 .401 .420 .518 32, 326 42, 763 1,893, 272 3, 070,146 4,107, 003 5,482,857 .461 .560 Conservation Highways, roads, and streets Community service, excluding sewings Public buildings 2 Publicly owned or operated utilities— _ 46,185 629, 480 350,661 147,107 191, 581 Recreational facilities 3. Sanitation Sewing Airports and airways Not elsewhere classified—Total _. National defense vocational training— . Other. „_. 1 Data for "All projects" represent the average of the weekly employment counts made as of each Wednesday during the calendar month. The distribution by type of projects is, except for "National defense vocational training," estimated on the basis of employment on March 26, 1941. 2 Separate data for housing projects are not available. 3 Exclusive of buildings. NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION Employment and pay rolls on the National Youth Administration projects for March and April 1941 are shown in table 17. TABLE 17.—Employment and Pay Rolls on National Youth Administration Projects, April and March 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Pay rolls Type of project April Total Student work program Out-of-school work program March April March 905,721 938,700 $11,856,161 $12,306,236 480,419 425,302 473,417 465,283 3,369,480 8,486,681 3,300,411 9,005,825 CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in March and April 1941 are presented in table 18. 38 TABLE 18.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, April 1941 [Subject to revision] Employment Pay rolls Group April 1941 March 1941 All groups. .... Enrolled personnel 2_ Nurses 3 Educational advisers 3 Supervisory and technical 3 _ _ April 1941 March 1941 266,645 282,896 $12.339,002 $12, 830, 524 231,762 123 1,515 33.245 248,603 136 1,521 32,636 7,216, 419 17,249 261,339 4,843,995 7, 727,166 18,836 258.764 4, 825, 758 1 Employment figure is monthly average for enrolled personnel, and number employed on last day of month for other groups. 2 April data include 3,409 enrollees and pay roll of $67,128 outside continental United States; in March the3 corresponding figures were 3,560 enrollees and pay roll of $76,087. Included in executive service, table 12. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in April are presented in table 19, by type of project. TABLE 19.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, April 1941 1 [Subject to revision] Type of project Employment 2 Monthly pay rolls Man-hours worked during month Average earnings per hour Value of material orders placed during month All projects 8,403 $1,135,134 1,004,379 $1.130 $2,744,974 Building construction 3 Streets and roads Water and sewerage.,. Heavy engineering-. . 7,954 128 187 134 1,088,687 1,400 28,322 16,725 956,115 2,213 33, 640 12, 411 1.139 .633 .842 1.348 2,650,966 147 90,819 3,042 1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. 2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor. 3 Includes 434 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $67,835; 54,988 man-hours worked; and material orders placed of $40,026 on projects financed by RFC Mortgage Co. CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL APPROPRIATIONS Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations during April 1941 are given in table 20, by type of project. 39 TABLE 20.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From Regular Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, April 1941 * [Subject to revision] Value of Man-hours Average material worked earnings orders during per hour placed durmonth ing month Employment Type of project All projects. Monthly pay rolls Maximum 2 Weekly average '890,050 799,679 $115,909,892 131,231,403 Airport construction Building construction Electrification: Rural Electrification Administration projects 4_ Other than R. E. A. projects. . Forestry.. Heavy engineering __ Public roads fi Reclamation _. River, harbor, and flood control: Dredging, dikes, revetments, etc. Locks and d a m s . . . Ship construction: Naval vessels. Other than naval vessels Streets and roads Water and sewerage Miscellaneous $0.883 $205,682, 696 40, 575 522,432 38, 510 447, 247 5, 587, 082 68, 269, 004 6,288,440 73,129,260 10, 970 973 1 97 (6) 25, 696 9,129 818 1 96 51,757 24,823 588, 551 111, 425 145 12,318 4, 724, 670 3,825, 708 1,142,671 116,176 176 7,595 7,163, 791 4,138,054 .515 3,408,085 182.561 1.622 .660 .925 89,007 4, 632, 772 6,672,801 28,412 5,963 25,120 5,112 2,923, 508 670,832 4, 015, 972 785,191 .728 .854 3,412,315 1,065,976 130,536 37,585 127, 221 35, 667 2,100 1,326 30, 752 22,997,146 4, 772, 443 204,136 171,722 1,051,202 24,618,179 5, 543, 591 296, 006 220,635 3, 765,666 .934 .861 .690 .778 .279 89,890, 232 5,105,491 421.867 323,003 2, 638,055 1, 31, 225 .934 8, 596, 539 79,243,992 12 Data are for the month ending on the 15th. Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government agency doing force-account work. 3 Includes weekly average for public-road projects. * Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans. 6 Under the jurisdiction of the Public Roads Administration. 6 Not available—weekly average included in the total for all projects. STATE-ROADS PROJECTS A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements on the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State or local funds in April 1941, compared with March 1941, and April 1940, is presented in table 21. TABLE 21.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads April 1941, March 1941, and April 1940 * [Subject to revision] Employment 2 Pay rolls Item April 1941 March 1941 April 1940 April 1941 March 1941 April 1940 Total 145,520 125,648 144,349 $11,811,753 $10,181,296 $10,877,469 New roads Maintenance 34.608 110, 912 24.113 101, 535 32,911 111, 438 2,528,657 9,283,096 1,754,134 8,427,162 2,083,721 8,793,748 * Projects financed wholly from State or local funds. 3 Average number working during month. O
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