Full text of Employment and Payrolls : April 1938

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Serial No. R. 757
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
•#+++#«#++»#+#####»###++##+##++##+#+++++##»* (*

EMPLOYMENT
AND PAY ROLLS
Prepared by
DIVISION OF EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS
Lewis E. Talbert, Chief
and
DIVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND
PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
Herman B. Byer, Chief

APRIL 1938
++#*+##**#**#**#####+#++########+##+########+##++###+##*#######+####+#
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE




WASHINGTON • 1938

CONTENTS
Summary of employment reports for April 1938:
Industrial and business employment
Public employment
Detailed reports for April 1938:
Industrial and business employment
Public employment

Page
2
5
7
16

Tables
TABLE 1.—All manufacturing industries combined and nonmanufacturing
industries—employment, pay rolls, and weekly earnings,
April 1938
TABLE 2.—Federal employment and pay rolls—summary, April 1938
TABLE 3.—Manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries—employment, pay rolls, hours, and earnings, April 1938
TABLE 4.—Geographic divisions and States—comparison of employment
and pay rolls in identical establishments in March and April
1938
TABLE 5.—Principal metropolitan areas—comparison of employment and
pay rolls in identical establishments in March and April
1938
TABLE 6.—Executive service of the Federal Government—employment
and pay rolls in March and April 1938
TABLE 7.—Construction projects financed by Public Works Administration funds—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
April 1938, by type of project
TABLE 8.—Projects financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked, April 1938, by type of projectTABLE 9.—Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration—
employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked, first quarter
of 1938, by type of project
TABLE 10.—National Youth Administration work projects and Student
Aid financed by The Works Program—employment, pay
rolls, and man-hours worked from the beginning of the
programs to April 1938, inclusive
TABLE 11.—Civilian Conservation Corps—employment and pay rolls,
March and April 1938
TABLE 12.—Construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked, April 1938, by type of project
TABLE 13.—Construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations—employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked,
April 1938, by type of project
TABLE 14.—Construction and maintenance of State roads—employment
and pay-roll disbursements, April 1938, March 1938, and
April 1937




(ii)

5
7
9
14
16
17
18
20
21

22
23
23
24
25

Employment and Pay Rolls

SUMMARY OF REPORTS FOR APRIL 1938
THERE was a small increase, about 124,000, in nonagricultural
employment in April, exclusive of W. P. A. and other Federal and
State emergency projects. Retail trade and construction activity
increased seasonally, offsetting marked declines in factory and mining
employment. Ordinarily about 400,000 employees are taken on
during April as seasonal industrial activity increases.
The decline from April of last year amounted to more than 2,500,000
workers, while since last autumn, when the marked reduction in industrial activity began, it is estimated that approximately 3,000,000
people were laid off.
Factory employment continued to decline in April in contrast with
the slight seasonal gains of recent years. The decline of 2.6 percent
since March indicated the release of approximately 180,000 wage
earners from their jobs. Weekly wage disbursements to factory
workers fell 3.5 percent or about $5,200,000. Compared with the
same month of last year, factory employment was down 22 percent
and pay rolls, 33 percent, the reduction in number of workers being
estimated at 1,900,000 and in weekly pay rolls at $70,000,000.
Factors which caused a greater decrease in pay rolls than in employment were the further curtailment of plant operating time, the
observance of Good Friday during the midmonth reporting pay period,
and wage-rate reductions affecting about 40,000 workers in establishments which reported to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics.
These rate reductions were concentrated chiefly in brass, shoe, and
cotton factories.
Most manufacturing industries reduced their working forces. Of
the 89 industries regularly surveyed, 70 had fewer employees in midApril than in mid-March. As in earlier months, the durable-goods
industries as a group reported a larger decline in employment (3.3
percent) than the nondurable-goods industries (2.1 percent). Considerable numbers of workers were laid off by machinery plants,
railroad repair shops, and steel and automobile plants, although pay
rolls in steel and automobile plants were about the same as in March.
Reductions in employment in cotton goods and in the clothing industries were partly seasonal. Employment gains were reported by




(l)

some of the building-supply industries, such as brick and cement,
and in the manufacture of foods.
Class I railroads laid off about 15,000 men, although employment
usually increases in April. About 40,000 coal miners lost their jobs
as demand for coal declined. Public utilities reported little change
in employment. Employment increased during the month in private
building construction and in quarries, but the gains were smaller
than usual for April.
The most important employment increase during the month was
in retail trade, where approximately 200,000 workers were taken on
to handle Easter and spring buying, which reached a peak in midApril. This expansion in employment, amounting to 11.6 percent
for stores selling general merchandise, was delayed this year because
of the late date of Easter. Wholesale firms continued to reduce their
forces slightly.
In the executive and legislative services of the Federal Government
employment increased slightly over the preceding month and in the
judicial and military services decreases were reported. In keeping
with the policy of increasing expenditures on Federal and other public
programs when decreases occur in industrial employment, there was a
marked gain in the number of persons working on most of the programs
financed wholly or partially from Federal funds in April. The most
marked increases occurred on Federal projects under The Works
Program, on State-roads projects, and on projects financed by P. W.
A. funds.

Industrial and Business Employment
Gains in employment from March to April were reported for 19 of
the 89 manufacturing industries surveyed monthly by the United
States Bureau of Labor Statistics and for 8 of the 16 nonmanufacturing
industries covered.
Factory employment as a whole fell 2.6 percent and factory pay rolls
dropped 3.5 percent. Normally employment in manufacturing industries shows a slight increase in April while pay rolls usually decline
by about 1 percent. Comparisons with April of last year show decreases of 22 percent in employment and 33 percent in wage disbursements. As in recent previous months, employment in the durablegoods industries declined more sharply than in the nondurable-goods
group, the decrease for the former being 3.3 percent and for the latter
2.1 percent. The durable-goods industries had 29 percent fewer
employees and paid out 42 percent less in weekly wages in April 1938
than in April 1937. For the nondurable-goods group the employment
decline over the year interval was 15 percent and the pay-roll reduction was 20 percent.



The largest numbers of factory workers released since March were in
electrical machinery plants, foundries, automobile plants, steel mills,
steam railroad repair shops, woolen mills, cotton mills, and in men's
clothing, women's clothing, furniture, and shoe factories. Among the
manufacturing industries showing employment increases, chiefly
seasonal, were the cement, brick, radio, ice cream, canning, fertilizer,
and beverage industries.
Easter buying stimulated employment and increased pay rolls between March and April in retail trade. The gains of 6.4 percent in
employment and 5.2 percent in pay rolls were larger than the customary April increases because of the fact that the late date of Easter
this year caused the Easter buying to be concentrated in April. For
the spring season as a whole, the increase in employment was smaller
than in the 3 preceding years, but larger than in the years 1929 to 1934,
inclusive. Each of the major retail groups shared in the April expansion, with the exception of wood, coal, and ice dealers and dealers
handling durable consumers' goods such as automobiles, furniture,
and jewelry.
In building construction (exclusive of projects financed by the
Public Works Administration or Reconstruction Finance Corporation
funds, or by regular appropriations of the Federal, State, and local
governments) employment increased 5.5 percent and pay rolls 7.3 percent. These percentages are based on reports from 12,839 contractors
engaged in erecting, altering, and repairing private buildings. Although the gains were less pronounced than in preceding years, they
were reported for all sections of the country except the East North
Central States.
There was a seasonal employment gain of 7.3 percent in quarrying
and a small gain in crude-petroleum producing. In bituminous-coal
mining there was an 8-percent employment reduction, which is less
than the April reductions shown in 1932, 1935, and 1937 but larger
than the decreases shown for the other years since 1929. In anthracite mining employment fell 3.8 percent and in metalliferous mining,
1.2 percent. Employment in public utilities, insurance, and hotels
showed little or no change over the month interval. The gain of 13.5
percent in dyeing and cleaning employment was larger than seasonal.
The 2-percent decline in brokerage continued the virtually unbroken
succession of declines which began in May 1937, while the 0.7-percent
reduction in wholesale trade employment continued the downward
trend which has been in evidence since October 1937. Laundries
reported an increase of 0.5 percent in employment.
Class I railroads had 900,977 workers (exclusive of executives, officials, and staff assistants) on their rolls in April according to a preliminary tabulation by the Interstate Commerce Commission. This
was 1.5 percent or nearly 15,000 workers lower than the number em


ployed in March. April pay rolls for railroads were not available
when this report was prepared. For March they amounted to
$141,847,183 as against $130,886,631 for February, a gain of 8.4
percent.
Hours and earnings.—The average hours worked per week in April
by factory wage earners were 34.2, a decrease of 1.0 percent since
March. Corresponding average hourly earnings (65.2 cents) were 0.4
percent lower than in March and average weekly earnings ($22.28)
were 1.0 percent lower.
Gains in average hours worked per week were reported by 6 of the
14 nonmanufacturing industries for which man-hour data are available,
and increased average hourly earnings were shown by 10. Average
weekly earnings were higher in 5 of the 16 nonmanuf acturing industries covered.
Previous to January 1938, the wording of the definition on the
schedules for public utilities, wholesale and retail trade, hotels, and
brokerage and insurance firms called for the inclusion of higher-salaried
employees such as corporation officers, executives, and others whose
duties are mainly supervisory. These employees have, for the most
part, always been excluded from employment reports for other industries, and beginning with January it was requested that they be omitted
also for the industries named above. For this reason, the average
hours worked per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly
earnings for these industries are not comparable with the figures
appearing in issues of this pamphlet dated earlier than January 1938.
Employment and pay-roll indexes and average weekly earnings in
April 1938 for all manufacturing industries combined, for selected
nonmanufacturing industries, and for class I railroads, with percentage
changes over the month and year intervals except in the few industries
for which data are not available, are presented in table 1.




T A B L E 1.—Employment,

Pay

Rolls, and Earnings in All Manufacturing

Industries

Combined and in Nonmanujacturing Industries, April 1938
Employment
Industry

Percentage

Class I steam railroads 3
Coal mining:4
Anthracite 4
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic
mining.
_
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph
Electric light and power and
manufactured gas
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and maintenance
Trade:
Wholesale
Retail.
General merchandising
Other than general merchandising.. 4
Hotels (year-round)
«
Laundries 4
Dyeing and cleaning *_._
Brokerage
InsuranceBuilding construction

Percentage

Percentage

Aver- change from—
Index change from— Index change from— age
in
April
April
1938

All manufacturing
industries
combined1

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

1923-25
=100
79.6

March April
1937

1938

March April
1938
1937

1923-25
=100
70.7 -3.5

-32.6

1929=
100
39.0 -17.6
56.0 -18.1
53.4 -5.3

-2.6

-22.0

51.1

-1.5

-19.3

1929=
100
57.0
85.7
61.3

-3.8
-8.0
-1.2

-12.5
-4.5
-19.6

41.7
73.8

+7.3

+.2

-21.5
-2.6

33.9
68.0

+12.2
+.1

74.8

-.1

-2.4

91.6

-1.1

91.8

-.2

-1.4

97.5

71.1

+.4

-29.5

20.55
34.28

+4.6

-10.3

»31. 30

g

+3.2
+8.7
+3.6

s 32. 21

8 29. 59 +.6
8 21.09 - 1 . 1
s 17.66 - 2 . 5

+3.5
+2.7
+1.1
-1.0

8 23.98 - . 4
8 14.87 - . 6
17.24 +2.1
21.58 +12.6
6 34. 47 -1.4
8 36. 75 - . 5
28.66 +1.8

+1.9
+2.6
+3.5
+6.3
-6.4
-3.9
+1.7

68.6
80.5
80.7 +2'. 6
87.2 +27.9

-25.4

-35.9
-7.8
-13.5

-1.1

-1.4
-2.7
-3.0

()

22.26 -14.4
17.36 -11.0
26.98 - 4 . 1

+1.0

+4.7

+2.4

-11.9
-30.5

-.1

74.6
72.2
89.4

+2.5

-13.5

+.2

70.0

-19.6

-1.0

6 33.45

-3.7
-.7
+1.4

+.5

April
1937

-1.1

-2.4

+13.5
-2.0
+•2
+5.5

$22.28

March
1938

+.5
+6.2
+2.1

-.7
+6.4
+11.6

+(7)

April
1938

+5.2
+8.7
+4.4

-3.4
-.3
+7.3

+.4
+.4
+.5
-.2
+.4
+8.9

-24.7
-1.5
-24.2

2

-.2

1 Revised indexes—Adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures.
2 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
Not available.
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in January 1938
issue of this pamphlet.
s Average weekly earnings not strictly comparable with figures published in issues of this pamphlet dated
earlier than January 1938, as they now exclude corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose
duties
are mainly supervisory.
fl
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
7
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
3
4

Public Employment
For the month ending April 15, 1938, employment on P. W. A.
projects was 104,000, an increase of 11 percent compared with the
preceding period. This increase occurred on that part of the program
financed from E. R. A. A. 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds; 81,000 workers
were employed on projects financed by these funds during the month.
Virtually the same number as last month (nearly 23,000) were working on Federal and non-Federal projects financed from N. I. R. A.
funds. April pay-roll disbursements for all P. W. A. projects totaled
$8,186,000.




6
Construction projects financed by regular Federal appropriations
registered an increase of 11 percent in the number at work during the
month ending in mid-April. The maximum number employed during
any 1 week of the month was 174,000, approximately 17,000 more
than in March. Public-road construction projects were chiefly
responsible for this seasonal increase. Gains in employment were
reported for all types of projects with the exception of Rural Electrification Administration projects and naval-vessel construction.
Monthly pay rolls for all types of projects exceeded $17,522,000.
From mid-March to mid-April, 3,200 employees were at work on
projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a
decrease of 300 compared with the preceding period. All of this
decrease was on water and sewerage projects, where some of the larger
subcontractors are completing their work. Pay-roll disbursements
for the month amounted to $492,000.
Continued expansion of The Works Program brought the total
number working on these projects, exclusive of Student Aid, to
2,928,000. Employment on projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration was 2,581,000, the highest level reached since November 1936. More than 189,000 were at work on Federal projects
under The Works Program and 158,000 on work projects of the National Youth Administration. April data for Student Aid projects
will not be available until next month. In March 327,000 were
working on Student Aid projects. Exclusive of Student Aid, pay
rolls for The Works Program in April totaled $143,217,000.
Employment in the regular services of the Federal Government
increased in the executive and legislative services. Decreases were
noted in the judicial and military services. Of the 826,000 employees
in the executive service in April, 114,000 were working in the District
of Columbia and 712,000 outside the District. Force-account
employees (employees who are on the Federal pay roll and are engaged
on construction projects) were 7 percent of the total number of employees in the executive service. The most marked increases in
employment occurred in the Department of Agriculture, the War
Department, and the Navy Department.
There was a decrease of 3 percent in the force of the Civilian Conservation Corps. This brought the total to 308,000 employees, the
lowest level since September 1937. All groups of workers, with the
exception of reserve officers, showed decreases in the number working.
Of the total number in camps 265,000 were enrollees, 5,000 reserve
officers, 300 nurses, 1,500 educational advisers, and 36,000 supervisory and technical employees. Monthly pay rolls for all groups of
workers totaled $14,363,000.
Employment on State-roads projects rose 14 percent, as the result
of seasonal influences. Of the 146,000 working in April, 132,000



were engaged on maintenance projects and 14,000 on new road
construction. Pay rolls for both types of work amounted to
$9,937,000.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for March
and April is given in table 2.
TABLE 2.—Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, April 1938l
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
April
Federal services:
826,319
Executive 2 -.
2,117
Judicial
5,172
Legislative
_
Military
330,445
Construction projects:
104,134
Financed by P. W. A>
3,192
Financed by R. F. C.«
Financed by regular Federal
appropriations
173,585
Federal projects under The Works
188, 674
Program
_
2, 581,334
Projects operated by W. P . A
National Youth Administration:
158,082
Work projects
Student Aid
(6)
307,945
Civilian Conservation Corps

March

a 816,472
2,172
5,140
331, 873
93, 703
3,525
156, 649
154,229
2,392,347
154, 567
327,484
315, 769

Percentage
change

Pay rolls
April

March

+1.2 $123,834,171 3 $123,961, 041
-2.5
508,922
520,414

Percentage
change

-0.1
-2.2

+.6

1,202,032
25,391,702

1,200, 002
25,122,027

+11.1
-9.4
+10.8
+22.3
+7.9
+2.3

8,186,478
491,828

6,987,705
496,349

17,522,503

15,167,424

+15.5

9,124, 787
131,332,016

7,227,913
3119,513,008

+26.2
+9.9

2,760, 533

2,751,797
2,212, 784
14, 575, 680

"-L5

-2.5

14, 363, 254

+.2
+1.1
+17.2

+.3

1 Includes data on projects financed wholly or partially from Federal funds.
2 Includes force-account and supervisory and technical employees shown under other classifications to
the extent of 98,664 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $12,304,361 for April and 99,768 employees and
pay-roll disbursements of 12,568,799 for March.
3 Revised.
* Data covering P. W. A. projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935,1936, and 1937 funds are included. These
data are not shown under The Works Program. Includes 81,502 wage earners and $6,093,369 pay roll for
April; 70,731 wage earners and $4,980,926 pay roll for March, covering P. W. A. projects financed from E. R.
A. A. 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds.
»Includes 87 employees and pay-roll disbursements of $7,828 for April and 100 employees and pay-roll
disbursements of $9,484 for March on projects financed by the RFC Mortgage Co.
e Not available.

DETAILED REPORTS FOR APRIL 1938
Industrial and Business Employment
MONTHLY reports on employment and pay rolls are available for
the following groups: 89 manufacturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including private building construction; and class I
steam railroads. The reports for the first two of these groups—
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—are based on sample surveys
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and in virtually all industries the
samples are large enough to be entirely representative. The figures
on class I steam railroads are compiled by the Interstate Commerce
Commission and are presented in the foregoing summary.

72734—38

2




EMPLOYMENT, PAY ROLLS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS

The indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in April 1938 are
shown in table 3. Percentage changes from March 1938 and April
1937 are also given.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative establishments in 89 manufacturing industries and cover wage earners only. The base used in
computing these indexes is the 3-year average, 1923-25, as 100. In
April 1938 reports were received from 25,750 manufacturing establishments employing 3,893,923 workers, whose weekly earnings were
$86,772,555. The employment reports received from these establishments cover more than 55 percent of the total wage earners in all
manufacturing industries of the country and more than 65 percent
of the wage earners in the 89 industries included in the monthly survey
of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The indexes for the nonmanufacturing industries are based on the
12-month average for 1929 as 100. Figures for mining, laundries,
dyeing and cleaning, and building construction cover wage earners
only, but the figures for public utilities, trade, hotels, brokerage, and
insurance relate to all employees, except corporation officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory. For
crude-petroleum producing they cover wage earners and clerical field
force.
Data for both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are
based on reports of the number of employees and amount of pay rolls
for the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month.
Average weekly earnings shown in table 3 are computed by dividing
the total weekly pay rolls in the reporting establishments by the total
number of full- and part-time employees reported. As all reporting
establishments do not supply man-hour data, average hours worked
per week and average hourly earnings are necessarily based on data
supplied by a smaller number of reporting firms. The size and composition of the reporting sample varies slightly from month to month
and therefore the average hours per week, average hourly earnings,
and average weekly earnings shown in table 3 are not strictly comparable from month to month. The sample, however, is believed to
be sufficiently adequate in virtually all instances to indicate the
general movements of earnings and hours over the period shown.
The changes from the preceding month, expressed as percentages, are
based on identical lists of firms for the 2 months.




TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1938
MANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25=100 and are adjusted to 1933 Census of Manufactures. Not comparable to indexes published in pamphlets prior to October 1936]
Employment
Industry
Index
April
1938

All manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

]Pay

Percentage
change from—
March
1938

April

79.6

-2.6

-22.0

70.0
89.8

-3.3
-2.1

76.9
84.4
60.8
57.2

Index
April
1938

Average weekly
earnings i

rolls

Percentage
change from—

34.2

-1.0

-15.5

Cents
65.2

-0.4

+2.3

-18.2
-6.1

33.6
34.7

+.1

-1.9

-20.0
-10.5

72.2
59.0

-.1
-.6

+2.8
+3.9

-30.4
-36.1
-32.3
-17.8

29.8
27.6
27.1
32.5

+2.1
-.9

+.7

-29.6
-34.7
-36.2
-23.5

76.2
83.2
70.5
57.6

+.4
+.7
-.6

—.2

+2.8

-16.6
-29.5
-24.9
-16.3

33.4
30.0
30.0
32.1

-21.1
-32.3
-29.9
-22.9

61.6
73.3
64.6
67.5

-.3
-.7
—.7

21.76
23.09
25.41
22.82

-.5
-.3
-1.2
-2.7

-27.6
-14.7
-12.8
-2.5

30.4
35.0
35.4
36.9

-32.0
-18.1
-17.1
-9.0

71.4
66.2
71.8
62.3

21.18
21.56

-5.2
-.5

-19.4
-13.3

34.1
31.8

-24.8
-18.6

61.8
67.9

-1.0

-13.5

-41.9
-20.3

24.16
20.53

+.2

+4.1

-50.8
-55.2
-55.8
-34.0

22.44
22.91
19.11
19.03

-4.9
-7.6
-8.2
+3.2

-30.3
-57.9
-54.1
-30.3

20.04
21.96
19.42
21.66

41.7
59.3
53.3
90.9

-2.3
-1.9
-2.4
-1.4

-50.7
-44.2
-32.1
-16.0

69.9
102.1

-8.3
-3.2

-39.4
—44.6

-3.5

-32.6

-29.0
-15.2

61.8
82.0

-3.1
-3.9

-2.5
-3.0
—1.4
+2.8

-29.4
-29.8
-34.7
-19.4

61.2
65.3
51.3
40.6

-1.4
-.3
-2.8

74.9
44.2
61.1
78.7

-.5
-4.9
-8.0

+.4

-16.5
-40.3
-38.8
-16.7

60.0
31.7
52.4
54.0

55.7
75.3
59.0
88.1

-1.8
-1.6
-1.2
+1.3

-31.8
-34.6
-22.1
-13.8

76.7
117.4

-3.3
-2.7

-24.9
-36.8

Percentage
change from—
April
1938

April

$22.28

70.7

April
1938

March
1938

April
1937

April
1937

Average hourly
earnings l

Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
April
1938

March
1938

March
1938

1937

Average hours worked
per week i

-1.8

1937

March
1938

April
1937

Durable goods
Iron and steel and their products, not including
machinery
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills...
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets
Cast-iron pipe
_
Cutlery (not including silver and plated
cutlery) and edge tools
Forgings, iron and steel
Hardware
Plumbers' supplies
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings
Stoves
_._
Structural and ornamental metalwork
Tin cans and other tinware
Tools (not including edge tools, machine tools,
files, and saws)
Wirework
See footnotes at end of table.




+1.1

+2.8
-1.3
+1.2
-4.4
-2.8

+2.1
-4.8
-2.2
+.6
+2.6
-.8
-.6

-1.3
-2.2
-5.3
-1.1

-.7

+.4
+.2
+.1
+.2

+.7

-2.0
+5.7
+6.5
+5.4
+4.1
+7.0
+8.6

+5.1
+4.3
+5.1
-.2
+8.1
+6.2
+.1
+.&-1 +7.6

TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1938—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued
Employment
Industry
Index
April
1938

Percentage
change from—
March
1938

April
1937

93.2
136.5

-3.7
-.3

126.0
81.6
119.3
81.7
122.1
88.0
60.3
111.4
72.0
768.9
73.1
37.1
37.5
90.5
42.3
61.3
40.9
84.9
97.1
85.0
94.0
78.1
66.1
70.4
73.1
108.2
55.0
65.4

—.4
-5.6
—1.7
-4.2
—4.4
+2.3
-5.0
—1.2
-7.5
—1.5
—8.4
-4.5
—14.1
-4.3
-4.9
—.9
-5.3
-2.9
—3.3
-1.9
-4.8
—7.9
-1.4
-1.5
-2.7
-1.6
-1.4
-3.8

-25.0
-.7
-4.0
-28.8
-17.3
-25.5
—16.7
-44.4
-30.7
—27.8
-42.6
-5.5
—46.3
-50. 5
—34.7
—17.0
-33.2
-3.9
—35. 3
-26.5
-21.9
-33.4
-23.6
—10.7
-34.8
-5.4
-13.5
-33.4
-22.1
-24.7

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Index
April
1938

Percentage
change from—
March
1938

April
1937

84.2
168.6

-5.1
-5.5

115.0
72.7
115.0
71.5
101.3
69.0
48.5
78.4
65.4
689.3
62.5
39.6
25.7
105.9
43.2
67.7
41.5
69.3
92.6
69.0
68.4
52.2
50.8
54.3
64.8
98.3
47.1
49.2

—7.3
-6.9
-3.1
-5.0
-9.8
+13.7
-3.1
-2.8

-37.1
-6.4
-22.2
-39.9
-24.7
-39.7
-36.3
-45.5
-49.4
-50.0
-49.1
—6.7
-54.1
-55.5
—43.1
—13.6
-35.9

Average hours worked
per week
Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
April
1938

March
1938

April
1937

-1.4
-5.2
-6.9
-1.4
-1.4
-.9
—5.7
+11.2
+2.1
—1.6

-16.2
-5.7
-19.0
-15.5
-8.9
-19.8
-23.5
-1.9
-26.9
-30.7
-11.5
—1.2
-14.4
-10.1
-13.0
+4.0
-4.1
+4.3
—5.1
-17.5
-9.3
-21.9
-26.9
-14.0
-27,2
-16.3
-8.6
—10.1
-11.5
-16.7

April
1938




Q

— 1.6
+1.0
-8.9
—21.2
-3.1
-5.1
-1.0
—5.3
-6.6
-7.9
-3.8
-18.2
-13.5
-6.8
-8.9
-2.1
-2.8
-3.3
-8.7

+.2
-38.6
-39.3
-29.2
-48.0
-44.0
-23.1
-52.5
-20.8
-20.9
-40.1
-31.0
-37.3

$24.94
27.50
27.49
24.42
29.54
24.47
25.51
20.91
22.22
19.27
28.94
28.47
28.78
25.56
26.68
31.57
29.55
31.18
29.19
22.15
23.55
22.95
16.70
20.58
19.86
21.00
25.96
22.26
18.91
17.92

+7.1

—.1
+10.3
-4.5
—8.3
+1.2
-.1
-.2
0
-3.9
—4.7
-2.0
-14.1
—6.1
-5.4
-7.6

+.6

—1.2
-1.9
-5.1

Percentage
change from—
April
1938

March
1938

April
1937

34.0
36.8

-1.2
-5.2

-21.3
-11.3

Cents
73.0
74.9

34.0
32.6
35.8
34.4
35.0
33.5
33.2
29.5
32.7
39.8
31.3
34.2
34.5
36.4
40.8
44.0
40.4
33.0
33.9
31.9
27.2
33.9
29.2
33.4
38.1
35.3
36.0
33.2

—7.5
-1.1
—1.1
-.9
—5.6
+8.8
+1.4
—.2

-21.2
-21.2
-12.8
-23.9
—25.3
-7.8
-26.9
—32.8
-15.6
-12.3
-18.0
-16.6
—20.2
-3.5
-7.3
—.9
—9.1
-21.2
—19.2
-27.2
-34.3
—13.4
-29.5
-17.3
-9.8
—13.6
-16.9
-23.8

80.9
74.6
82.7
71.2
72.9
62.6
67.0
65.1
88.5
72.1
91.9
74.8
77.4
84.2
72.0
69.5
72.3
66.6
69.5
72.0
61.3
60.7
68.0
63.0
68.1
63.0
53.5
54.4

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, not including transportation equipmentAgricultural implements
Cash registers, adding machines, and calculating machines
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and suppliesEngines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels,.
Foundry and machine-shop products
Machine tools—
* *«
_
Radios and phonographs
Textile machinery and parts
Typewriters and parts
_
._
.
Transportation equipment
Aircraft
_ — >
Automobiles
__ _ _ _ > _.
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad
Locomotives
Shipbuilding
Railroad repair shops
Electric railroad
Steam railroad
Nonferrous metals and their products _
Aluminum manufactures. _ _
Brass, bronze, and copper products
Clocks and watches and time-recording devices.
Jewelry
__
Lighting equipment
Silverware and plated ware
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and z i n c . .
Stamped and enameled ware _ -_
Lumber and allied products. Furniture
Lumber:

Average hourly
earnings

+6.5

-1.0
+10.2
-3.7
—8.3
—1.8

+.8

—.3

+.9

-3.4
—5.2
+1.1
-15.2
—8.6
-5.6
-7.7

+.9

—.6
-3.3
-5.4

March
1938

April
1937

+6.0
+7.0
+2.1
+.3
+6.0
-.3
+4.1
-.3
+6.4
+.1
—.1
+2.4
+1.8
+7.7
+.6
-1.4
+2.9
+4.1
+.1
+1.0 +15.6
+.1
+4.3
+7.8
-.8
+9.1
+1.1
+3.4
** +3.5
+5.8
+.*2
-.8
+4.3
+5.1
-.6
+.6 +12.3
+7.1
-3.1
+1.3 +11.5
-1.5
+2.5
+.3
+3.3
-.1
+1.0
-.3
+1.5
-.5
+4.2
+1.7
+6.6
+8.8
+.9

Millwork
Sawmills
—
Stone, clay, and glass products
Brick, tile, and terra cotta
Cement
Glass
_
Marble, granite, slate, and other products
Pottery

45.3
42.3
56.9
38.7
60.5
81.8
35.9
69.6

-1.6

+.1
+2.5
+7.4
+13.2
-2.4
+1.6
-1.6

-21.4
-20.7
-22.1
-27.3
-9.5
-26.3
-16.7
-15.2

40.7
37.3
49.4
29.2
58.8
77.1
31.8
56.5

-21.5
-24.7
-33.5
-21.3
-27.7
-16.0
-8.3
-16.3
-27.3
-47.7
-15.4
-21.0
-11.4
-5.6
-20.8

-2.1
-7.0
-13.7
-10.3

68.5
63.9
51.8
67.9
70.6
85.9
53.6
102.6
45.8
34.0
74.6
64.5
99.1
86.4
83.9
46.6
85.5
67.1
65.7
74.4
104.1
126.3
223.0
68.4
80.4
66.0
70.9
66.6
92.0
45.6
65.0
49.3
66.0
47.3
94.6
87.2
99.9

-5.3
-1.6

84.8
102.0

Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products
Fabrics
Carpets and rugs_
Cotton goods
_
Cotton small wares
__
Dyeing and finishing textiles
Hats, fur-felt
Knit goods.
Silk and rayon goods
_
Woolen and worsted goods
Wearing apparel ___
Clothing, men's..
Clothing, women's
_
Corsets and allied garments
Men's furnishings
Millinery
Shirts and collars.
Xeather and its manufactures
Boots and shoes
Leather
Food and kindred products
Baking
Beverages
Butter
Canning and preserving
Confectionery
Flour
Icecream
_
Slaughtering and meat packing
Sugar, beet
Sugar refining, cane
Tobacco manufactures
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff
Cigars and cigarettes
Paper and printing
Boxes, paper
Paper and pulp
_
Printing and publishing:
Book and job
Newspapers and periodicals
See footnotes at end of table.




.-

86.3
78.1
68.4
83.2
78.1
103.4
80.7
103.3
59.7
46.6
103.0
90.6
143.3
87.2
116.3
60.8
108.4
88.0
92.7
74.6
101.0
129.9
198.4
85.0
80.5
71.6
71.8
69.9
83.0
38.7
66.9
59.1
56.4
59.3
99.7
89.8
106.9
91.7
103.9

-3.5
-3.5
-5.6
-3.8
-2.7
-1.5
-3.4
-1.2
-.2

-10.4
-3.6
-7.1
- 1 .2 9
()

-3.9

+2.7
-1.7
-2.3
-2.3
-2.3

+.6
+.1
+2.1
+4.2
+6.3
-4.0
-1.9

+10.2
-1.6

-.3

-14.3
—10.5
-6.6
-25.4
-6.2
-2.1

+.8
+1.3

-27.4
-3.6
-3.6

+1.0
-6.1

+13.9. -12.1
-2.2
-.3
-.3
-.6
-.6

-1.1
-1.1
-1.2

+.4

-20.1
-1.8

+.6

-2.3

—.1

+2.7
+12.4
+17.1
-4.6
+5.5
-5.5

1

-26.7
-28.2
-30.5
-40.6
-14.2
-35.9
-17.9
-21.7

20.43
19.17
22.00
17.89
24.89
22.88
26.22
21.49

-31.6
-36.3
-48.9
-36.9
-34.8
-25.0
-18.7
-19.5
-35.7
-59.2
-22.0
-32.6
-12.0
-10.0
-27.5
—4.1
-25.4
-23.5
-19.5
-33.2
-3.8

-3.2
-2.1
-2.5
-3.4

-6.6
-9.7
-19.2
-16.5

15.60
15.16
17.96
12.78
16.69
20.44
18.00
17.27
14.90
16.74
16.69
16.77
18.92
16.47
12.55
22.42
11.78
17.84
16.90
22.40
24.89
25.36
32.87
22.31
16.53
16.79
25.76
29.06
27.73
27.74
25.05
15.56
17.74
15.10
27.30
20.10
23.16

-3.1

-9.2
-1.7

29.27
36.88

-- 68 .. 62
-9.2
-6.7
-8.8
-3.5
-20.4
-3.7
-2.4
-13.8
-11.0
-14.8
-9.5
-2.6
-10.6
-8.2
-5.8
-7.7
-8.6
-4.9

+.7
—.1
+2.6
+3.4
+8.0
-9.2
-1.9

+9.5
+.1
+7.6
+8.1
-2.8
+1.2

+.2

+2.4
+1.3
+3.3

-29.0
-6.4
-1.9

+3.5

-6.8
-9.4
—19.2
-5.7

+.5

-.6
-.2

-6.8
-9.5
-10.9
-18.3
-5.3
-13.0
-1.6
-7.8

37.7
37.1
34.6
34.6
36.4
33.2
37.9
34.4

-4.8
-3.2
-3.9
-3.0
-6.2
-2.0
-17.6
-2.6
-2.2
-3.8
-7.7
-8.3
-7.8
-2.6
-6.9
-10.6
-4.1
-5.5
-6.4
-2.6

-12.9
-15.4
-23.2
-19.9
-9.9
-10.8
-11.4
-3.9
—11.6
-22.1
-7.9
—14.8

+.1
-.2
+.5
-.8
+1.6

+2.6
+4.5
+•4
+2.0

0
-.6

+1.8
+2.6

31.6
31.9
27.8
31.1
34.6
36.7
23.3
33.3
33.8
28.7
31.2
28.5
32.4
35.4
33.8
35.4
31.2
34.1
33.8
35.1
40.1
41.8
39.1
47.2
34.6
35.1
42.8
46.9
40.1
39.9
41.2
32.9
35.0
32.7
36.9
36.8
37.4

+.1
+4.6
+3.4
-2.2
+3.8
-4.1

-5.5

+1.7
—5.5
+10.5
-2.5
+1.5

-.7

-4.3
-8.4
-3.9
-12.7
-14.5
-13.8
-10.5

-2.3
-2.8
-.8

+3.1
+1.0
-4.0
-.1

-2.6
-1.5
-1.4
-2.3

-4.4
-3.0
-6.5
-6.9

-2.0

-4.2

-.3

-.1

37.1
36.4

-.6

-3.0

+1.3
+5.9
+3.4
-1.6

+3.1
-2.1
-3.2
-3.0
-4.4
-2.4
-6.9
-2.0
-20.7
-3.4
-1.9
-4.1
-3.7
-4.9
-3.3
-3.4
-2.8
-6.5
-2.4
-3.8
-4.0
-2.6
-.2
-.8

+.2
+2.3
-.7
-5.5
-.7

+1.1
+1.7
-3.3
+12.4
-3.5
+1.5
-4.1
-1.6
-2.0
-2.3
-1.7
-.6

-16.2
-13.1
-15.3
-19.8
-10.5
-14.3
-4.8
-19.0

54.1
52.8
63.8
51.6
68.4
69.1
69.8
63.8

-14.6
-16.4
-27.7
-18.8
-12.4
-7.9
-20.4
-12.4
-11.5
—23.6
-10.7
-20.1
-2.5
-5.8
-14.2
-12.8
-11.9
-11.1
-14.2
-2.8
-3.0
-4.7
-1.2
-10.0
-9.5
-5.4
—1.2
-1.7
-4.2
-8.9
-10.9
-3.7
-11.7
-9.6
-13.9
-13.0

49.5
48.1
64.7
41.1
48.2
55.3
72.0
52.6
43.8
58.4
52.1
58.1
52.9
46.1
34.5
63.7
38.0
51.3
48.7
63.6
62.1
61.0
84.8
47.7
49.4
47.9
59.7
61.7
69.1
72.9
60.9
46.6
51.0
46.1
76.5
55.0
62.0

-8.3
-4.1

79.9
97.3

+9.3

-.2

+2.7
-.9

-1.4

+(- 2. )8

+.3
-.6

-2.0
—.4

+.7
-.5

+(- 2. )6

-1.0

+.1
-.4
+.2

-4.6
-2.4
-6.9

+.3

-4.6
-5.6
-2.9
-1.8
-2.2
-.1

+.2
+.3
+.4
-1.8
+1.3
+.2
+.7
-1.1
-.1

-2.1
-1.6

+1.0
+1.1
+.6
-.6

+.1

+10.6
+4.6
+4.1
+1.2
+5.2
+1.4
+4.2
+13.1
+1.2
+.9
+6.2
-.8
+1.5
-3.0
+5.1
+9.5
-.3
+1.5
+.7
+3.0
+.3
+1.7
+2.7
-7.3
-.7
-3.7
-4.8

+3.8
+5.1
+7.4
+5.2
+4.7
+8.8
+6.1
+6.6
+2.0
+1.2
+8.4
+7.6
+7.3
+3.9
-2.3
+6.3
+8.2
+7.1
+4.4
+4.3

TABLE 3.—Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1938—Continued
MANUFACTURING—Continued

Industry
Index
April
1938

Percentage
change from—
March

April
1937

110.4
108.6
109.4
74.9
104.3
86 0
123.0
118.0
303.1
93 8
117.5
72.7
53.9

-2.5
-3.1
—1.8
-14.4
-.5
—1.3

-12.8
-15.0
-19.3

108.9
63.0

+.9

1938

Nondurable

Average weekly
earnings

Pay rolls

Employment

Index
April
1938

Percentage
change from—
March April

Average hours worked
per week
Percentage
change from—

Percentage
change from—
April
1938

April
March
1938

April
1937

-0.2
0

-2.2
-4.3
-4.1

1938

1937

-2.6
118.8
-3.1
110.9
116.6
-.8
64.9 - 1 7 . 3
-.4
114.8
-4.9
86 5
121.1 +9.4
+2.9
116.7
260.3 - 1 3 . 3
108 5 —3.0
-1.2
133.8
61.7
+1.8
38.1
-5.5

-14.7
-18.6
-22.6
+29.0
-4.1
—19.6
-19.7
-17.9
-28.6
—6.8
-2.3
-38.5
-44.2

$27.35
24.17
29.54
12.23
23.89
28.32
16.36
27.11
21.21
28.54
34.57
22.47
17.72

+( )
-3.6
+3.7
+2.4
-4.4

+.3
+4.2

-34.6
-39.7

20.70
25.21

+5.0

Average hourly
earnings

1938

Percentage
change from—

April
March
1938

April
1937

1938

March
1938

April
1937

goods—Continued

Chemicals and allied products, and petroleum refining ___
Other than petroleum refining
Chemicals
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal
Druggists' preparations
Explosives
Fertilizers
Paints and varnishes
Rayon and allied products
Soap
Petroleum refining
Rubber products
_..
_ ..
Rubber boots and shoes
Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes
Rubber tires and inner tubes




+27.6
-6.5

—6.9
+5.5 -18.9
+.5 -14.6
- 9 . 3 -19.8
—2 3 — 12 8
-.2
—3.7
-.3
—24.8
—1.5 - 2 9 . 1
—26.0
-22.6

98.6
54.6

+2.2

-18.1
-21.3

37.1
37.5
37.2
48.6
37.7
34.9
40.7
39.4
32.6
38.5
36.0
30.1
29.3

—.6

-11.7
-22.1

35.0
26.6

+1.0
-3.5
2

-.6
-.9

-4.1

+1.2
+2.5

-13.6
—1.2
-3.7
—11.0

+6.9
+1.4

-8.4
-10.3
-9.4
-6.0
- +.4
3.2
-5.3
-.8
- 2 . 8 -16.2
- 1 . 2 -10.2
-8.6
+3.0
- 4 . 9 -17.9
— 1.5 -3.6
-1.0
-1.1

-.7

+1.9
-4.3
+1.0
+4.8

-.8

-19.5
-24.5
-14.7
-23.2

Cents
74.2
65.9
79.5
25.4
60.0
81.1
40.3
68.9
65.0
75.1
96.8
76.7
60.5
59.3
94.6

+0.8
+.9
+.6
+.1

+1.1

—.8

+5.0
-.5

+.5
+.7
1.2
-.4

+.3
—.5
-.3

+5.8
+6.0
+5.9
+7.1
+6.8
+3.2
+10.8
+5.1
+8.8
+10.9
+2.0
+1.9
+5.4
+1.1
+1.6

NONMANUFACTURING
[Indexes are based on 12-month average 1929=100]
Coal mining:
Anthracite 33
Bituminous
Metalliferous mining
_
_
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petroleum producing
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph 4
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas *
Electric-railroad4 and motorbus operation and
maintenance
Trade:
4
Wholesale
..Eetail 4
General merchandising *
_ 4
Other than general merchandising
Hotels (year-round)3 4 5
Laundries 3 .
Dyeing and cleaning3
_
Brokerage4
Insurance 4
--Building construction
___

57.0
85.7
61.3
41.7
73.8

+7.3
+.2

39.0
56.0
53.4
33.9
68.0

-17.6
-18.1
-5.3
+12.2

-43.9
-11.9
-30.5
-29.5

+.5

22.26
17.36
26.98
20.55
34.28

74.8

-.1

-2.4

91.6

-1.1

+6.2

31.30

91.8

-.2

-1.4

97.5

+2.1

33.45

71.1

+.4

-2.4

70.0

+.2

+1.0

32.21

-.2

88.5
88.2
101.0
84.9
93.5
95.3
111.8

-.7
+6.4
+11.6
+4.7
2

-3.7
-.7

74.6
72.2
89.4
68.6
80.5
80.7
87.2
(6)

-. 1

-1.1

29.59
21.09
17.66
23.98
14.87
17.24
21.58
34.47
36.75
28.66

+.6

+( )

+.5
+13.5
-2.0

+.2
+5.5

+1.4
-1.4
-2.7
-3.0
+2.4
-19.6
+2.5
-25.4

8

+.1

+5.2
+8.7
+4.4
-.5
+2.6
+27.9
-3.4
-.3
+7.3

i Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished by all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishments as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours.
Percentage changes over year are computed from indexes. Percentage changes over
month in average weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing
industries combined, and for retail trade are also computed from indexes.
a Less than Ho of 1 percent.




-14.4
-11.0
-4.1

-12.5
-4.5
-19.6
-21.5
-2.6

-3.8
-8.0
— 1.2

+.4
+.4
+.5
-.2

+.4
+8.9
-24.7
-1.5
-24.2

-35.9
-7.8
-13.5
-10.3

23.5
19.8
40.0
37.8
39.9

-16.0
-11.2
-3.7

+8.7
+3.6
+3.5
+2.7
+1.1

39.4

+1.0

40.0

-1.0

45.1

-.5

+.7

-1.7
-1.6

+1.9
+2.6
+3.5
+6.3

42.6
42.6
39.5
43.6
46.9
42.1
44.1

-6.4
-3.9

()

+3.2

-1.1
-2.5
-.4
-.6
+2.1
+12.6
-1.4
-.5
+1.8

-1.0

+1.7

31.4

+3.3

-.2

+1.2
-.5
-1.0

+.8
+9.4
(6)
(6)
+1.9

+12.3

92.7
86.9
67.6
54.2
84.3

+0.6
+.1
+1*1
+.3

+.6

84.2

-1.6

+7.6

-2.8

83.9

+.1

+§.6

-2.8

70.4

+.4

+4.2
+4.1
-.5
+5.3
+5.0
+6.8
+7.7
(6)

-43.7
-8.6
-7.3
-14.2

+.6

-2.0
-3.6
-2.6
-.9

()
-7.3

54.5
47.6
56.6
31.6
41.2
49.1

()

90.9

-1.2
-6.6

+4.2
+3.1

+6.8
-.2
-2.4

+.6
+.8
+1.2
+3.1
(6)
()
-1.0

()

+9.3

3
Indexes adjusted to 1935 census. Comparable series back to January 1929 presented in
January 1938 issue of this pamphlet.
4
Average weekly earnings, hourly earnings, and hours not strictly comparable with
figures published in pamphlets prior to January 1938 as they now exclude corporation
officers, executives, and other employees whose duties are mainly supervisory.
5
Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
p
Not available.

14
TREND OF INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT, BY STATES

A comparison of employment and pay rolls, by States and geographic
divisions, in March and April 1938, is shown in table 4 for all groups
combined, and for all manufacturing industries combined based on
data supplied by reporting establishments. The percentage changes
shown, unless otherwise noted, are unweighted—that is, the industries
included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have not
been weighted according to their relative importance.
The totals for all manufacturing industries combined include
figures for miscellaneous manufacturing industries in addition to the
89 manufacturing industries presented in table 3. The totals for all
groups combined include all manufacturing industries, each of the
nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 (except building
contruction), and seasonal hotels.
TABLE 4.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
March and April 1938, by Geographic Divisions and by States
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by
cooperating State organizations]
Total—all groups

Geographic division and State

Manufacturing

PerPerPerPercent- Num- Number cent- Amount
Num- Number cent- Amount
centof pay
of pay
ber of on pay
age
age
ber
of
on
pav
age
age
estabestabroll
change (1 roll
roll* change (1 roll
week) change
week) change
lishlishApril
April
from
from
from
from
ments
1938 March April
1938 March April
March ments
March
1938
1938
1938
1938
1938

Dollars
13,697 785,410 - 0 . 9 16,1,913,818 -3.4
New England
48,105 —7.1 951,362 -7.2
Maine
New H a m p 656,522 -5.3
619 33,974 - 2 . 4
shire
—. 5 312,496 -1.2
463 14,436
VermontMassachusetts. IS, 186 431,811 +.4 9,749,701 -1.2
- . 9 1,567,644 -3.9
77,806
Khode Island.. 1,243
Connecticut—. 2,428 179,278 - 1 . 8 3,676,093 -7.6

3,616 524,284
290 38,171
204 26,976
150
8,320
1,791 243,248
429
58,845
752 148,724

Dollars
-3.1 10,446,884
-9.3
716,581

-6.8
-9.5

494,115
-3.7
172,604
-2.6
-2.5 6,061,625
-2.6 1,107,388
-2.5 2,894,671

-7.5
-3.8
-4.7
-6.2
-9.8

1,828,877
Middle Atlantic-__. 32,579 1,L, 987,677
21,046 902,985 +.1 24,588,840
New York
4,254 319,715 - 1 . 0 7,920,653
New Jersey
^,319,384
Pennsylvania.. 7,279 764,977 - 1 . 9 17,

-2.8 5,462 1,076, 507
-1.3 2 2,819 897,074
-2.3 3 844 228,840
-5.0 2,299 450,593

2.3 25, 586,366
" 8 i0,268,408
-1.8' 5,571,608
-1.9 9,746,855

-4.1
-4.6
-8.2

East North Central. 25,429 1,907,080
7,501 522,867
Ohio
2,856 228,529
Indiana
16,768 568,252
Illinois
Michigan
3,911 367,256
Wisconsin
HS98 225,176

-1.6
1,388,646
-2.2 2,560 373,668
-1.8 1,047 175,569
-2.0 2,488 874,124
- . 2 1,001 811,114
-1.8 71,545 154,171

- 3 . 7 34,056,684
-3.0 8,628,200
-4.8 8,986,136
-2.5 9,269,876
6.8 8,474,921
8,698,051

-2.5
-3.4
-2.9
-8.4

207,480
48,323
33,769
87,577
612
2,293
9,429
25,477

- 2 . 1 4,915,185
- 3 , 2 1,242,224
812,523
-1.8
- 2 . 8 1,889,608
17,103
+3.6
53,720
-1.2
+.7 236,206
+•7 668,801

- 2 . 0 46,916,625
-1.412,111,237
-2.4 5,149,570
-1.1 14,269,009
- 5 . 0 9,990,936
- . 5 5,895,878

-.1
West North Central. 12,058 420,790
2,534 103,802
Minnesota
+.1
1,747
59,784
Iowa
-.2
2,980 161,203 - 1 . 2
Missouri.—
441
4,195 +1.8
North D a k o t a 443
7,658 +2.4
South Dakota. .
1,435
29,382 +2.1
Nebraska
2478
54,766 ' + 0 S
Kansas
See footnotes at end of table,




9,888,131
-.8
2,599,237
1,380,685
3,676,557 -1.8
102,372 +1.9
191,698
652,655
1,284,927

2,670
660
423
878
55
38
155
461

1
-2.9
-2.8
-3.9

+4.5
-1.3
+2.6
+.1

15
TABLE 4.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in
March and April 1938, by Geographic Divisions and by States—Continued
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued by
cooperating State organizations]
Total—all groups

Geographic division and State

PerPerPerPercentcent- Num- Number cent- Amount
Num- Number cent- Amount
of pay
of pay
age
age
age
age
on
pay
ber of on pay
ber
of
estabroll
roll
change (1 roll
change (1 roll
week) change
week) change
lishApril
April
lishfrom
from
from
from
ments
1938 March April
1938 March April
March ments
March
1938
1938
1938
1938
1938
1938

South Atlantic
11, 087
Delaware
214
Maryland.
1,681
District of Co.lumbia..
1,057
Virginia.
__ 2,108
West Virginia- 1,263
North Carolina 1,544
742
South Carolina1,439
Georgia
1,089
Florida

Dollars
819,177 - 2 . 0 14, 717,442
309,983
13,435 - 1 . 1
128,807 +.8 2,891,976
112,184
135,263
160,017
76, 272
105, 569
48,935

East South CentralKentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi

5,279
1,372
1,421
1,862
624

278, 664
79,310
94,140
85,919
19, 295

West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas

6,190
il,064
1,054
1,397
2,675

234, 277
29,778
54,096
42,439
107,969

Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico. _
Arizona
Utah
Nevada. _

Manufacturing

4,:

647
464
329
1,256
306
466
622
190

9,904
Pacific
Washington.... 2,942
1,394
Oregon..
*5,568
California

119,411
16, 716
9,738
39,397
6,970
14,541
20,329
3,031

Dollars
542,597 - 2 . 8 8,960,137
9,481 -2.9
212,700
87,858 4 - ( 1 0 ) 1,894,507

-4.3
-5.9

3,307
76,379
49, 222
145,155
68,785
80,570
22, 345

+2.3

111, 332
1,342,655
1,079,623
2,068,038
871,011
1,023,294
356,977

+2.1

-3.6
-5.3
-3.4
-3.9
-7.4
-6.7

1,088
304
384
299
101

162,000
30,917
66,100
52,999
11,984

- 2 . 9 2,648,977
588,045
-2.9
- 1 . 4 1,064,928
-3.6
833,940
162,064
-7.5

-4.8
-2.1
-5.7
-3.0
-8.7

1,400
298
251
145
711

110,382
17,886
30,119
11,371
51,006

-1.3
288,835
-.8
—1.2 551,995
265,812
-2.2
-1.4 1,268,846

-2.7

-4.2
-3.2

2,937
85
628

989,803 +2.1
2,021,267 -3.0
2,785,974 -10.1
2,315,190 -3.4
1,007,334 -3.5
1, 534, 232 -4.9
861,683 -6.2

37
470
259
651
212
386
209

-4,4
-5.5
-3.7
-3.5
-6.8

- . 1 5, 278,983 -1.2
509,764 -.8
-.5
1,057,187 -2.0
1,043,938 -2.5

+3.5
-1.0
-5.0
-1.8
-1.2
-2.6
-8.1

-2.0 4,719,961
-3.7 1,411,851
o 1, 561,052
- L 8 1,459,394
-4.2
287,664

+.3
+.1
-•4
+.4
+1.5
+3.7

2,976,178
479,646
248,003
223, 372
937,930
138,716
+1.6
377,454

-1.2
-2.4
+1.3
-3.2
+2'.9

87,114

-1.5

431,116 +1.4 12,059,236
" 2,284,108
87,879
46,850 +.9 1,200,792
296,887 +2.2 8,574,886

+1.4

-.8
-.8

588
86
56
42
189
32
41
124
18

-2.4
-4.7
-2.6
-1.3
-4.1
-8.6

32,648 +1.5
4,423 +3.3
2,616 +16.5
1,605
-.6
12,798 -1.0
1,020 +5.6
2,786 -2.7
6,622 +2.1
778 +1.7

564 46,934
315 26,837
+2.8 1,719 148,858

+.B

-5.3
-7.8

808,442 - 1 . 2
115,176 - 1 . 1
62,174 +10.4
52, 797 - 1 . 0
310,867 - 6 . 1
18,285 +33.4
66,506 - 1 . 0
160,015 +1.0
22,622 +4.9

+.8 5,974,398
- 2 . 5 1,182,002
+1.0
659,017
+1.9 4,188,879

+1.8
-3.1
-1.6
+5.8

I
Includes banks and trust companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment,
amusement
and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
a
Includes laundering and cleaning, and water, light, and power
3 Includes laundries.
< Weighted percentage change.
• Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
• Includes construction but not public works.
' Does not include logging.
»Includes financial institutions, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
• Weighted percentage change including hired farm labor.
10 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
II
Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.
12
Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.

INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL
METROPOLITAN AREAS

A comparison of employment and pay rolls in March and April
1938 is made in table 5 for 13 metropolitan areas which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas, but having
a population of 100,000 or over are not included as data concerning



16
them are tabulated separately and are available on request. Footnotes to the table indicate which cities are excluded. The figures
represent reports from cooperating establishments and cover both
full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3 with the exception of building
construction, and include also miscellaneous industries.
TABLE 5.—Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments,
March and April 1938, by Principal Metropolitan Areas

Metropolitan area

New York i.._.
Chicago 3
Philadelphia*..
Detroit.
Los Angeles i ...
Cleveland
St. Louis
Baltimore
Boston 8
Pittsburgh
San Francisco 7.
Buffalo
Milwaukee

Number of Number Percentage
change
establishon pay
from
ments
roll, April
March
14,916
4,446
1,991
1,715
2,967
1,788
1,564
1,217
1,496
1,054
1,698
877
1,146

599,309
427,924
191,576
151,039
117,465
121,364
102,346
100,806
166,174
82,004
57,175
96, 702

()
-1.3
-1.3
-4.3
+.8
-2.2
+1.3
+1.5
-3.3
-1.1
+2.5
-1.5

Amount of
pay roll (1
week),
April

Percentage
change
from
March

$15, 787,850
11,475,567
4,883,999
6,627,047
4,277,379
2,866,927
2,859,196
2,321, 212
2,671,586
3,906,895
2,412,072
1,465,294
2,473, 556

-1.1
-1.7
-3.3

+.6
+1.8
+.5
-2.1

+.1

-2.9
-1.1
+1.6
-1.6

* Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J.; nor Yonkers, N. Y.
a Less than Ho of 1 percent.
34 Does not include Gary, Ind.
Does not include Camden, N. J.
8
Does not include Long Beach, Calif.
« Figures relate to city of Boston only.
' Does not include Oakland, Calif.

Public Employment
Employment created by the Federal Government includes employment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
EXECUTIVE SERVICE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

Statistics of employment and pay rolls for the executive service of
the Federal Government in March and April 1938 are given in table 6.




17
TABLE 6.—Employment and Pay Rolls for the Executive Service of the U. S. Government^

March and April 1938 1
[Subject to revision]
Employment
Item

2

Percentage
change

March 2

826,319

816,472

+1.2

$123,834,171

$123,961,041

-0.1

705,214
60,761

695,044
60,178

+1.5
+1.0

108,191,003
8,072,084

108,039,941
8,100,087

+.1

60,344

61, 250

-1.5

7,571,084

7,821,013

-3.2

- ~ 113,819

Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation.._
Force-account (regular and emergency)

Regular appropriation
_.
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
Outside the District of Columbia:
Total
Regular appropriation
Emergency appropriation
Force-account (regular and emergency)
1
2
3

Pay rolls

April
Entire service:
Total

Inside the District of Columbia:
Total
-

Percentage
change

April

March

-.3

112,821

+.9

19,971,506

20,132,074

-.8

96,043
12,672

94, 596
12,674

+1.5
(3)

17,205, 637
1,957,877

17,229,783
2,006,429

-.1
-2.4

5,104

5,551

-8.1

807,992

895,862

-9.8

712, 500 703, 651

+1.3

103,862,665

103,828,967

609,171
48,089

600,448
47,504

+1.5
+1.2

90,985,366
6,114,207

90,810,158
6,093,658

+.2
+.3

55,240

55,699

-.8

6,763,092

6,925,151

-2.3

(3)

Data include number of employees receiving pay during the last pay period of the month,
Revised.
Less than Ho of 1 percent.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY THE PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION

Details concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during April on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 7, by type of project.




18
TABLE 7.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed From Public Works
Administration Funds, April 1938 1
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum
number
employed2

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

Average
earnings
per
hour

Value of
material"
orders
placed
during
month

Federal projectsfinancedfrom N. I. R. A. funds
All projects.
Building construction
Naval vessels
Public roads * ,
„--.
Eeclamation
River, harbor, andfloodcontrolMiscellaneous

3 12,955

11,877

$1,256,879

1,675,947

$0,750

$957,066

1,955
3,326
5
()
1,686
795
116

1,644
2,870
5,077
1,524
649
113

242, 601
424, 650
300, 204
216, 333
58, 683
14,408

201,702
491,423
629,886
252, 518
84,182
16, 236

1.203
.864
.477
.857
.697
.887

452,344
65,955
230,000
188,049
15,879
4,839

Non-Federal projects financed from N . I . R. A. funds

All projects
Building constructionRailroad constructionStreets and roads
Water and sewerage...
Miscellaneous

9,677

8,044

$836, 230

830,350

$1,007

$1,933,285

3,895
103
970
3,661
1,048

3,305
84
729
3,031
895

426,122
1,141
41, 396
309,138
58,433

352,152
2,339
56, 584
309,105
110,170

1.210
.488
.732
1.000
.530

1,072,999
0
68,174
467,664
324,448

Projects financed from E. R. A. A. 1935, 1936, and 1937 funds

All projects K.
Building construction»
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
River, harbor, andfloodcontrol..
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

81,502

67,274 $6,093,369

7,688,881

52,930
736
5,252
639
417
9,734
11,150
644

43,475
619
4,407
503
383
7,899
9,523
465

4,062,610
53, 111
520, 259
53,464
36, 701
508,074
820,535
38, 615

4,807,814
70, 405
607, 342
70, 566
52,833
909,118
1,125,390
45, 413

8

$0. 792 $14, 566,989
.845
.754
.857
.758
.695
.559
.729
.850

9,319,697
310,121
990,885
135,769
125, 753
916,525
2, 567,136
201,103

1
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
3 Includes weekly average for public roads.
«8 Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.
•7 These data are also included in separate tables covering projectsfinancedby The Works Program.
Includes a maximum of 2,793 and an average of 2,404 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 funds who were paid $324,273 for 304,090 man-hours of labor. Material orders
in the amount of $507,632 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate tables
covering projectsfinancedfrom The Works Program.

Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by title II of the National Industrial
Kecovery Act of June 16, 1933. This program of public works was
extended to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 and title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of
1936. The First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, reappropriated unobligated funds originally made available under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935 and authorized the use of $300,000,000
from funds on hand or received from the sale of securities. The



19
Public Works Administration was continued until July 1, 1939, by
the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937.
Federal construction projects for which data are included in table 7
are financed by allotments made by the Public Works Administration
to the various agencies and departments of the Federal Government
from funds provided under the National Industrial Recovery Act.
The major portion of the low-cost housing program now under way,
however, is financed by funds provided under the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935. The work is performed either by commercial firms which have been awarded contracts, or by day labor
hired directly by the Federal agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the
Public Works Administration from funds available under either the
National Industrial Recovery Act, the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, or
the Public Works Administration Extension Act of 1937. Most of
the allotments have been made to the States and their political
subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been made to commercial firms. In financing projects for the States or their political
subdivisions from funds appropriated under the National Industrial
Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration makes a direct grant
of not more than 30 percent of the total labor and material cost.
When funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
of 1935, the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, or the Public
Works Administration Extension Act of 1937 are used to finance a
non-Federal project, as much as 45 percent of the total cost may be
furnished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more
of the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify
such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the grantee
with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to commercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by the
Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works
Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public.
In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of
the activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Administration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in commercial shops,




20
THE WORKS PROGRAM

By authority of Public Resolution No. 11, Seventy-fourth Congress,
approved April 8, 1935, the President, in a series of Executive orders,
inaugurated a broad program of work to be carried out by 61 units of
the Federal Government. The Works Program was continued by
title II of the First Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936, cited as the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, and was further continued by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1937. Employment created by this program includes employment on Federal
projects and employment on projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration. Federal projects are those conducted by Federal
agencies which have received allotments from The Works Program
fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress Administration are
those projects conducted under the supervision of the Works Progress
Administration with the cooperation of States, cities, or counties.
A record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed by The Works Program in April is shown in table 8,
by type of project.
TABLE 8.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program
April 1938 *
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum Weekly
number
averemployed

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Value of
Number of Aver- material
age
man-hours
orders
earnworked
placed
during ings per during
month
hour
month

Federal projects
All projects

_

Building construction
Electrification
_..
Forestry 3
_
Grade-crossing elimination *_5
_
Hydroelectric power plants
_
Plant, crop, and livestock conservation 3
Professional, 4technical, and clerical
Public roads
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads___
_
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous
1
2

2188,674 168,727

$9,124, 787 18, 519, 895 $0. 493 $3, 720, 007

59,274
221
9,647
3,873
1,395

3,431,891
13,629
470, 583
269,976
54,371

5,945,326
26,640
1,116, 562
434, 824
218,200

.577
.512
.421
.621
.249

829,925
61,970
85, 019
447,428
57, 647

11,891 11,052
4,418 4,400
3,969
3,066
35, 386 33,717
23, 204 20, 581
14, 216 12,661
491
442
9,664
8,398

552, 504
410,666
174,163
1, 855,602
1,126,822
542,412
12, 695
209,473

1, 528,136
585,749
348,046
3,983,045
2, 050, 968
1,412,776
56, 568
813,055

.362
.701
.500
.466
.549
.384
.224
.258

96,718
42, 507
353,981
773,164
733,418
162, 343

66,670
237
12,199
4,705
1,624

69,007

Unless otherwise noted data are for the month ending on the 15th.
Maximum number employed during any l week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency
doing force-account work.
3
The data for the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, under plant, crop, and livestock conservation,
and the Bureau of Forest Service, under forestry, are for the calendar month.
4
These data are for projects under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
* These data are for projects under construction in Puerto Rico.




21
TABLE 8.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works Program 9
April 1938—Continued
Wage earners
Type of project

Maximum Weekly
number
average
employed

Value of
Number of Aver- material
man-hours
age
orders
worked
earnplaced
during ings per during
month
hour
month

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

P. W. A. projects financed from E. R.8 A. A. funds of 1935,
1936, and 1937
All projects

_

Building construction
Electrification
Heavy engineering
Reclamation
River, harbor, and flood control
Streets and roads
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

2 81, 502

67,274

$6,093,369

7,688,881

52,930
736
5,252
639
417
9,734
11,150
644

43, 475
619
4,407
503
383
7,899
9,523
465

4,062, 610
53,111
520,259
53,464
36, 701
508,074
820,535
38,615

4,807,814
70,405
607, 342
70, 566
52,833
909,118
1,125,390
45,413

$0. 792 $14, 566,989
.845
.754
.857
.758
.695
.559
.729
.850

9,319, 697
310,121
990, 885
135, 769
125, 753
916, 525
2, 567,136
201,103

Projects operated b y Works Progress Administration
All p r o j e c t s . . . .

82,581,334

$131,332,016 262,732,929

$0,500

7

(9)

6 Includes data for 78,709 employees working on non-Federal projects and 2,793 employees working'on
low-cost housing projects. These data are included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction
of the Public Works Administration.
7
Data are for the calendar month. Not available by type of project.
89 Represents number of names on pay roll for week ending April 30,1938.
Data on a monthly basis are not available.

Table 9 shows employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked for
the first quarter of 1938 on projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration, by type of project.
TABLE 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Operated by the Works Progress
Administration, by Type of Project, for the First Quarter of 1938
[Subject to revision]
Type of project

Number
employed i

Pay-roll
disbursements

Number of Average
man-hours earnings
worked
per hour

All projects

2,442,673 $315,761,495 626,650, 828

$0.504

Conservation
Highway, road, and street
Professional, technical, and clerical- _
Public buildings *
Publicly owned or operated
utilities.
Recreational facilities 3___
Sanitation and health
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc
TransportationNot elsewhere classified

116,640
1,049,514
259,607
186, 526
262, 676
210,517
76,720
216, 505
41,038
22,930

13,956,082 28,311,214
118, 645, 992 263,447,031
47,121,256
73,932,733
28,332,486 41,606,902
35,769,889 67,471,717
30,313, 649 51,039,220
8,489,493 20,409,595
23, 884, 820 63,797,786
6,152,565
10,182, 713
3,095,263
6, 451,917

.493
.450
.637
.681
.530
.594
.416
.374
.604
.480

1 Data are for the week ending April 2,1938.
2 Separate data for housing projects are not available.
3 Exclusive of buildings.




22

Table 10 shows the employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on work projects of the National Youth Administration from the
beginning of the program in January 1936 to April 1938, inclusive.
Similar data for Student Aid are shown from September 1935, the
starting date, to April 1938, inclusive.
TABLE 10.—Employment and Pay Rolls From Beginning of Program Through April
1938, on National Youth Administration Projects Financed by The Works Program 1
[Subject to revision]

Year and month

Number
of per- Pay-roll dissons em- bursements
ployed

Number of
man-hours
worked

Value of
material
orders
placed

Average
earnings
per hour

Work projects
January 1936 to April 1938, inclusiveJanuary to December 1936_.
January to December 1937..
January...
February..
March

$72, 214,419

192, 389, 364

$0. 375

28,883,589
32, 601, 360

75,827,799
87,092, 351

.381
.374

2, 549,914
2,667,226
2,751,797
2,760, 533

7, 288, 377
7, 610,360
7,673,809

2

$5,549,074

1938
144,797
151, 406
154,567
158,082

April.

.370
.366
.360

Student Aid
September 1935 to March 1938, inclusive..
September to December 1935.
January to December 1936
January to December 1937
January. _.
February..
March

306,341
319,142
327,484

$62,603, 675

210,056,964

6, 363, 503
25,888,559
23,988,561

19, 612,976
85,424,616
82, 756,012

.324
.303
.290

1,992,810
2,157,458
2,212,784

6,942, 656
7, 562,124
7, 758,580

.287
.285
.285

1
Data are for a calendar month.
2
Data on a monthly basis are not available. This total represents expenditures through December 1937,
and includes rentals and services and some sponsors' contributions.
3 No expenditures for materials on this type of project.

CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

The Civilian Conservation Corps, created in April 1933, was further
extended under the authority of the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935. During the fiscal year 1937 the Civilian Conservation
Corps was continued from appropriations authorized by the First
Deficiency Appropriation Act of 1936. Beginning with July 1, 1937,
the Civilian Conservation Corps was continued for 3 years by an act
of Congress.
Employment and pay rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps in
March and April 1938 are presented in table 11. The Civilian Conservation Corps is usually regarded as a part of The Works Program,
although it is now financed by a separate appropriation.




23
TABLE 11.—Employment and Pay Rolls in the Civilian Conservation Corps, March and
April 1938 *
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees

Amount of pay rolls

Group
April
All groups

_

Enrolled personnel 3
Reserve officers
Nurses *
Educational advisers i
Supervisory and technical *.

March

April

March

307,945

2 315,769

$14, 363, 254

264,539
5,086
287
1,522
36,511

272,183
5,068
298
1,547
a 36,673

8,303, 225
1,326, 752
30, 543
247, 762
4,454,972

a $14, 575, 680
8,490, 782
1,337,112
31,197
261, 300
2 4,455,289

1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amount of pay rolls are for
the entire month.
2 Revised.
3 April data include 3,925 enrollees and pay roll of $86,752 outside continental United States; in March the
numbers
were 4,376 enrollees and $97,976.
4
Included in executive service, table 6.

Employment and pay-roll data for the Civilian Conservation Corps
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Department, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
and the Department of the Interior. The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is $30 per month. Assistant leaders, not to exceed
10 percent of the total number of enrollees, may receive up to $36
per month, and leaders, not to exceed 6 percent, may receive up to
$45 per month.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED BY RECONSTRUCTION
FINANCE CORPORATION

Statistics of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation in April are presented in table 12, by type of project.
TABLE 12.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, April 1938 1
[Subject to revision]
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month

Maximum
number
of wage
earners 2

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

Number of
man-hours
worked
during
month

All projects

3,192

$491,828

558,466

$0,881

$762,468

Building construction 3.
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous

202
2,832
158

18,905
459,883
13,040

22, 548
514,900
21,018

.838
.893
.620

15, 257
740, 391
6,820

Type of project

Average
earnings
per hour

1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2
Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor.
3 Includes 87 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $7,828; 6,203 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed of $9,250 on projects financed by RFC Mortgage Co.




24
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS FINANCED FROM REGULAR FEDERAL
APPROPRIATIONS

When a construction contract is awarded or force-account work is
started by a department or agency of the Federal Government, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified, on forms supplied
by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor, the amount
of the contract, and the type of work to be performed. Blanks are
then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Government agency
doing the work. These reports are returned to the Bureau and show
the number of men on pay rolls and the amounts disbursed for pay,
the number of man-hours worked on the project, and the value of the
different types of materials for which orders were placed during the
month.
The Bureau has collected data concerning construction projects for
which contracts have been awarded since July 1, 1934. The Bureau
does not have statistics covering projects financed from regular Federal appropriations for which contracts were awarded previous to
that date.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular Federal appropriations
during April are given in table 13, by type of project.
TABLE 13.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed From
Regular Federal Appropriations, by Type of Project, April 1938 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
earners
Type of project

All projects
Building construction
Electrification:
Rural Electrification
Administration projects 4_
_.
Other than R. E. A. projects..
Forestry
Heavy engineering
Public roads 8
_
Reclamation
_.
River, harbor, and flood control:
Dredging, dikes, revetments,
etc
Locks and dams
Ship construction:
Naval vessels
_
Other than naval vessels
Streets and roads
_
Water and sewerage
Miscellaneous __

Maximum
number
employed 2

Weekly
average

Monthly
pay-roll
disbursements

24,617,227

0.712

$23,989,092

20,932

17,234

1,872,668

2,041,263

.917

3,019,984

6,800
139
84
61
6
()
10,871

5,580
81
84
52
48,899
10, 213

417,961
4,875
3,500
7,416
4,180,513
1,318, 540

758,175
6,825
9,452
7,824
7,733,832
1,635,206

.551
.714
.370
.948
.541

2,258,917
3,318
3,315
7,488
6,967, 521
982,532

32,706
6,471

28,397
5,999

2,865,785
712,877

4,495,449
976,021

.637
.730

2,291,463
689,854

42,044
464
2,184
248
1,682

41,137
408
2,056
192
1,393

5,880,730
43,484
116,818
13,639
83,697

6,523,280
41,750
241,461
18,606
128, 083

.901
1.042
.484
.733
.653

6,946, 799
504,538
134,206
26,621
152, 536

»173,585

161,725 $17,522,503

Number of
Value of
man-hours Average material
orders
worked
earnings
during
per hour placed during month
month

1
Data are for the month ending on the 15th.
2 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor, and Government
agency doing force-account work.
34 Includes weekly average for public-roads projects.
Financed by Rural Electrification Administration loans.
8
Under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Public Roads.
6
Not available; weekly average included in total for all projects.




25
STATE-ROADS PROJECTS

A record of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction and maintenance of roads financed wholly from State funds
in April 1938, compared with March 1938, and April 1937, is presented
in table 14.
TABLE 14.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
April 1938, March 1938, and April 19371
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees 2

Pay-roll disbursements

April 1938 March 1938 April 1937

April 1938 March 1938 April 1937

Item

Total

145,973

128,191

137,925

$9,936,530

$8,504,260

$9,108,030

New roads
Maintenance

14,073
131,900

11,379
116,812

13,164
124, 761

924,880
9,011,650

678,180
7,826,08Q

904,300
8,203,730

i1 Data are for the month ending on the 15th and are for projects financed wholly from State or local funds.
Average number working during month.




O