Full text of Employment and Payrolls : April 1936
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Serial N o . R . 395
WM 8 U -.
" i"
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
Employment and Pay Rolls
+
April 1936
+
Prepared by
Division of Employment Statistics
Lewis E. T a l b e r t , Chief
and
Division of Construction and Public Employment
H e rm a n B. B yer, C hief
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1936
CONTENTS
Summary of employment reports for April 1936;
Page
P r i v a t e e m p l o y m e n t ______________________________________________________________
1
P u b l i c e m p l o y m e n t ______ _________________________________________________________
5
D e t a ile d r e p o r t s fo r A p r il 1 9 3 6 :
P r i v a t e e m p l o y m e n t ______________________________________________________________
P u b l i c e m p l o y m e n t ________________________________________________________________
8
20
Tables
T
able
1.— ‘E m p l o y m e n t , p a y r o lls , a n d w e e k l y e a r n in g s in a ll m a n u f a c
t u r i n g in d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d a n d in n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g in d u s
t r ie s , A p r i l 1 9 3 6 _______________________________________________________
T
able
2 .— S u m m a r y o f F e d e r a l e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y r o lls , M a r c h a n d
T
able
3 .— E m p l o y m e n t , p a y r o lls , h o u r s , a n d e a r n in g s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g
T
able
4 .— I n d e x e s o f e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y r o l l s b y m o n t h s , in a ll m a n u
A p r i l 1 9 3 6 ______________________________________________________________
a n d n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g in d u s t r ie s , A p r i l 1 9 3 6 _________________
5
7
9
f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d , in t h e d u r a b l e - a n d n o n d u r a b le -g o o d s
groups
under
m a n u fa c tu r in g
and
in
s e le c te d
n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , J a n u a r y 1 9 3 5 - A p r i l 1 9 3 6 ____
T
able
14
5 .— C o m p a r i s o n o f e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y r o l l s in i d e n t i c a l e s t a b
l i s h m e n t s in M a r c h a n d A p r i l 1 9 3 6 , b y g e o g r a p h i c d i v i s i o n s
a n d b y S t a t e s _________________________________________________________
T
able
6 .— C o m p a r i s o n o f e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y r o l l s in i d e n t i c a l e s t a b
T
able
7 .— E m p l o y m e n t i n t h e e x e c u t i v e b r a n c h e s o f t h e F e d e r a l G o v
T
able
8 .— M o n t h l y r e c o r d o f e m p l o y m e n t in t h e e x e c u t i v e d e p a r t m e n t s
l i s h m e n t s in M a r c h a n d A p r i l 1 9 3 6 , b y p r i n c i p a l c i t i e s _____
e r n m e n t , A p r i l 1 9 3 5 a n d M a r c h a n d A p r i l 1 9 3 6 ______________
o f th e
F ed era l
G ov ern m en t fro m
J an u a ry
1935 t o
able
p r o je c ts
fin a n c e d
by
P u b lic
W ork s
21
A d m in is tr a tio n
f u n d s , A p r i l 1 9 3 6 , b y t y p e o f p r o j e c t . : __________________________
able
20
9 .— E m p l o y m e n t , p a y r o lls , a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n c o n s t r u c
t io n
T
19
A p r il
1 9 3 6 , i n c l u s i v e ________________________________________________________
T
18
21
1 0 .— E m p l o y m e n t , p a y r o lls , a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d in r a i l w a y - c a r
a n d l o c o m o t i v e s h o p s o n p r o je c t s fin a n c e d b y P u b lic W o r k s
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n f u n d s , A p r i l 1 9 3 6 ________________________________
T
able
c o n s t r u c t io n p r o je c t s fin a n c e d b y
P u b lic W o r k s A d m in is
t r a t i o n f u n d s f r o m J u l y 1 9 3 3 t o A p r i l 1 9 3 6 , i n c l u s i v e _______
T
able
The
W o r k s P r o g r a m , A p r il 193 6 , b y t y p e o f
p r o j e c t __________________________________________________________________
able
24
1 2 .— E m p l o y m e n t , p a y r o l l s , a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n p r o j e c t s
fin a n c e d b y
T
23
1 1 .— S u m m a r y o f e m p l o y m e n t , p a y r o lls , a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n
25
1 3 .— E m p l o y m e n t , p a y r o lls , a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n p r o j e c t s
f i n a n c e d b y T h e W o r k s P r o g r a m f r o m t h e b e g i n n in g o f t h e
p r o g r a m in J u l y 1 9 3 5 t o A p r i l 1 9 3 6 , i n c l u s i v e _________________
(in )
26
IV
P a ge
T
able
T
able
T
able
T
able
T
able
T
able
T
able
14.— Employment and pay rolls in emergency conservation work,
March and April 1936______________________________________
1 5 . — Employment and pay rolls on the emergency conservation
program from January 1935 to April 1936, inclusive______
16.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc
tion projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration, April 1936, by type of project___________________
17.— Summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from January 1935 to April 1936,
inclusive____________________________________________________
18.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc
tion projects financed from regular governmental appro
priations, April 1936, by type of project___________________
19.— Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construc
tion projects financed from regular governmental appro
priations from January 1935 to April 1936, inclusive______
20.— Employment and pay-roll disbursements in the construction
and maintenance of State roads from January 1935 to
April 1936, inclusive________________________________________
27
27
28
28
29
30
30
EMPLOYMENT AND PAY ROLLS
Summary of Reports for April 1936
IDESPREAD increases in industrial employment between
March and April were indicated by reports received by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics from approximately 135,000 manufac
turing and nonmanufacturing establishments.
A notable feature of the April upturn was the continued expan
sion of factory employment; the trend is usually downward at this
time of year. Employment in nonmanufacturing industries, for the
most part, reflected the normal seasonal influences.
Retail-trade establishments added workers to handle spring and
Easter buying; private building construction firms, quarrying estab
lishments, and dyeing and cleaning plants reported substantial
seasonal gains; and, with the exception of anthracite and bituminouscoal mining, the remaining nonmanufacturing industries surveyed
reported smaller gains. Decreased demand for fuel accounted
largely for the declines in employment between March and April
in the coal-mining industry.
Information available from preliminary reports of the Interstate
Commerce Commission showed a gain in number of employees on
class I steam railroads.
Public employment in April was featured by a sharp increase in
the number of workers employed on construction projects financed
by the Public Works Administration. Pronounced gains in employ
ment occurred also on construction projects financed from regular
governmental appropriations, on construction projects financed by
the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, and on the emergency
conservation program.
W
Private Employment
Between March and April nearly 250,000 workers were added to
industrial pay rolls and weekly wage disbursements increased
$4,200,000 in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries
surveyed. A comparison between April 1935 and April 1936 shows
estimated gains of approximately 422,000 in number of workers
and $25,300,000 in weekly wage disbursements.
These estimates are based on reports received from approxi
mately 135,000 establishments employing more than 7,200,000
(1)
2
workers whose weekly earnings during the pay period ending nearest
April 15 totaled $168,000,000.
Factory employment increased 1.2 percent over the month inter
val and pay rolls 2.1 percent. These increases represent gains of
approximately 80,000 in number of workers and $3,300,000 in
weekly wages. The index of factory employment for April stands
at 85.1, a gain of 3.0 percent in comparison with the corresponding
month of last year and, with the single exception of October 1935
when the index stood at 85.3, is the highest point recorded since
October 1930. The April 1936 pay-roll index (77.9) is 10.0 percent
above that of the same month of last year, and is the maximum
recorded in any month since October 1930. These gains are note
worthy because they are contraseasonal, employment decreases
having been shown in April in 10 of the 17 preceding years, and
pay-roll decreases in 12.
The durable-goods group of manufacturing industries showed an
increase in employment of 2.5 percent from March to April, bringing
the index to 77.6. This is the highest level reached since October
1930 and 77.0 percent above the low point of March 1933. The
nondurable-goods group showed a decline of 0.1 percent over the
month interval, the April index standing at 93.1. Compared with
a year ago, a gain of 8.1 percent is shown for the durable-goods group
and a decrease of 1.2 percent for the nondurable-goods group.
Fifty-seven of the 90 manufacturing industries surveyed showed
gains in employment over the month interval and 50 industries
showed gains in pay rolls. With the exception of the sharp gain in
employment in the rubber tire and tube industry (28.2 percent),
which was due largely to a settlement of labor difficulties, the more
pronounced percentage gains in April were seasonal. The canning
and preserving industry reported a gain of 20.3 percent in employ
ment from March to April; cement, 17.9 percent; beet sugar, 14.3
percent; brick, tile, and terra cotta, 13.1 percent; marble-slategranite, 11.7 percent; and ice cream, 11.3 percent.
The transportation-equipment industries reported gains as follows:
Locomotives, 13.7 percent; shipbuilding, 10.1 percent; steam- and
electric-car building, 9.5 percent; aircraft, 6.1 percent; and auto
mobiles, 2.7 percent. The increase in employment in the automobile
industry was coupled with a gain of 15.5 percent in pay rolls, reflecting
the accelerated production schedule of April. In addition to the
sharp gains in the cement and brick industries, other industries allied
to building construction reported substantial gains. The structuralmetalwork industry reported a gain of 5.9 percent; millwork, 3.2
percent; sawmills, 3.8 percent; glass, 2.3 percent; steam and hot-water
heating apparatus, 3.0 percent; and cast-iron pipe, 2.8 percent.
Among the industries of major importance which showed gains in
3
employment were blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, 3.0
percent; electrical machinery, 4.2 percent; foundries, 2.7 percent;
petroleum refining, 1.7 percent; and newspapers and periodicals,
0.9 percent. In the blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills
industry the April gain raised the level of employment above that of
any month since November 1930. Employment in the machine-tool
industry continued to expand, the rise of 1.3 percent in April marking
the eighteenth consecutive month in which gains have been shown.
The April employment index for this industry (105.9), which is a
barometer of orders placed for power-driven metal-cutting machinery,
stands above the level reported in any month since October 1930
and is 250 percent above the low point registered in this industry in
April 1933. The agricultural-implement industry also continued the
forward movement which has been shown consistently each month
since October of last year. The increase of 1.3 percent in employ
ment in April raised the April employment index to 140.4, which is
the highest level reported in any month since March 1930.
With the exception of the seasonal decline of 30.9 percent in em
ployment in the cottonseed— oil, cake, and meal industry, the major
portion of the declines were not pronounced. The rayon and alliedproducts industry showed a decrease of 6.0 percent in employment,
due primarily to curtailment of operations because of repair work
made necessary by floods, and woolen- and worsted-goods establish
ments reported a loss of 5.6 percent over the month interval. Sea
sonal decreases of 4.9 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively, were
reported in the millinery and confectionery industries; the fertilizer
industry showed a falling-off of 2.4 percent; and explosives showed a
decrease of 4.6 percent. Boot and shoe establishments showed a
seasonal drop of 3.5 percent and the men’s clothing industry, having
passed the peak of seasonal activity, reported 3.2 percent fewer
employees. Employment in the jewelry industry declined 2.4 percent
in April, and in the remaining 23 industries reporting decreased
employment the decreases were 1.8 percent or less.
Fourteen of the 16 nonmanufacturing industries surveyed absorbed
additional workers between March and April and 11 showed gains
in pay rolls. Reports from 54,418 retail establishments, employing
895,571 workers in April 1936, showed an increase of 3.9 percent in
employment over the month interval. In addition to a seasonal gain
of 6.4 percent in employment in the group of general-merchandising
establishments, gains were reported generally in other branches of
retail trade. Among them were apparel stores with a seasonal
increase of 12 percent; retail lumber and building-material firms, 3.5
percent; automotive firms, 3.2 percent; retail hardware and furniture
establishments, 2.9 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively; and retail
food stores, 0.8 percent. Employment by wholesale-trade firms
4
showed a slight gain (0.1 percent) from March to April, based on
reports from 16,046 establishments employing 308,862 workers in
April. Among the more important branches of wholesale trade
in which gains were shown were lumber and building materials,
3.1 percent; food products, 2.5 percent; chemicals and drugs, 0.5
percent; automotive, 1.4 percent; hardware, 0.9 percent; petroleum,
0.6 percent; and machinery, equipment, and supplies, 1.4 percent.
Among the remaining 12 nonmanufacturing industries which
showed increased employment were electric light and power (1.4 per
cent), metal mining (2.9 percent), quarrying and nonmetallic mining
(14.6 percent), dyeing and cleaning (9.5 percent), and building con
struction (15.5 percent). The April employment index for electric
light and power stands at the highest level recorded since January
1932 and for metal mining, at the highest point since June 1931.
April marks the ninth consecutive month in which the metal-mining
industry has registered employment gains.
The two nonmanufacturing industries which showed declines in
employment were anthracite mining (5.2 percent) and bituminouscoal mining (3.7 percent). The pay-roll declines for these industries
were more pronounced, not only because of a seasonal reduction in
average hours worked per week, but also because of holidays during
the April pay period covered, and unsettled labor conditions in certain
anthracite fields.
Preliminary reports of the Interstate Commerce Commission
showed 1,037,611 workers (exclusive of executives and officials) em
ployed by class I railroads in April 1936. This represents a gain of
2.8 percent over March, when 1,009,071 workers were employed.
Information concerning pay rolls in April was not available at the
time this report was prepared. The total compensation of all em
ployees except executives and officials was $144,859,291 in March
and $143,544,141 in February, a gain of 0.9 percent over the month
interval. The preliminary indexes of employment, compiled by the
Interstate Commerce Commission and based on the 3-year average
1923-25 as 100, are 58.8 for April and 57.3 for March. The final
February index is 57.8.
Hours and earnings.— Average hours worked per week in the manu-,
facturing industries surveyed were 38.7 in April, a gain of 0.5 percent
over March. Hourly earnings were 0.1 percent higher in April than
in March, the average for April being 57.3 cents. Average weekly
earnings climbed 0.9 percent to $22.69 over the month interval.
Five of the fourteen nonmanufacturing industries for which manhour data are compiled showed gains in average hours worked per
week ranging from 0.6 percent in quarrying and nonmetallic mining
to 3.2 percent in building construction. Seven industries showed in
creased hourly rates ranging from 0.3 percent in laundries to 1.3 per
cent in quarrying and nonmetallic mining. Among the industries
5
showing decreases in hours worked per week were anthracite mining
(25.4 percent) and bituminous-coal mining (8.3 percent). All of
the industries which reported increased hours, except electric light and
power, also reported gains in weekly earnings. The two industries
(brokerage and insurance) for which man-hour data are not avail
able also reported increases in average weekly earnings.
Table 1 presents a summary of employment and pay-roll indexes
and average weekly earnings in April 1936 for all manufacturing in
dustries combined, for selected nonmanufacturing industries, and for
class I railroads, with percentage changes over the month and year
intervals except in the few industries for which certain items cannot be
computed. The indexes of employment and pay rolls for the manu
facturing industries are based on the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100
and for the nonmanufacturing industries, on the 12-month average
for 1929 as 100.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Weekly Earnings in All Manufacturing
Industries Combined and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1936
E mployment
Industry
All manufacturing industries_____
Class I steam railroads i__________
Per capita weekly
earnings
Pay roll
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index, change from— Index, change from— Aver change from—
age
in
April
April
1936 M arch April
1936 M arch April April M arch April
1936
1935
1935
1936
1935
1936
1936
(1923-25
= 100)
85.1 + 1 .2
+ 3 .0
58.8 + 2 .6
+ 7 .5
(1929=
Coal mining:
100)
- 5 .3
Anthracite__________________
49.8 - 5 . 2
Bituminous_________ _____ __
77.5 - 3 .7
+ 4.3
57.5 + 2 .9 +25.1
Metalliferous mining_________ _ .
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
48.4 +14.6 + 6 .9
Crude-petroleum producing______
71.2
+ .6
- 4 .9
P ublic utilities:
Telephone and telegraph_____
+ 1.6
70.8
+ .9
Electric light and power and
manufactured gas 3_________
88.0 + 1 .4
+ 6.5
Electric-railroad and motorbus operation and mainte
-.2
nance______________________
71.3
+ .1
Trade:
Wholesale_________ _________
85.7
+ 3 .0
+ .1
Retail_______ _______________
85.2 + 4.1
+ 2 .0
General merchandising___
97.4 + 7 .2
+ 3.1
Other than general mer
chandising_________
__
82.0 + 3.1
+ 1.6
83.2
+ .5
+ 2.6
Hotels (cash payments only) * ___
Laundries___ ________________ ____
83.2 + 1.4
+ 4.0
Dyeing and cleaning _____ ___
9.5 + 2.4
81.8
Brokerage. _ __ _________ ______
(2)
+• 4 +29.7
Insurance____ _____________ ______
+. 8
+• 2
(2)
Building construction _ _ ______
+15.5 +19.2
(2)
(1923-25
= 100)
77.9 + 2.1
+10.0 $22. 69
(2)
(2)
(2)
(1929=
100)
28.6 -3 2 .8 -4 2 .6
62.6 -1 0 .8 +39.0
45.5
+ .7 +42.7
36.1 + 16.8 +25.1
56.9 + 1 .9
+ .4
(2)
+ 0 .9
(2)
16. 72 -2 9 .1
20. 65 - 7 .4
24. 25 - 2 .2
18. 36 + 1.9
29. 32 + 1 .2
+ 6 .8
(2)
-3 9 .4
+33.2
+14.3
+16.9
+ 5 .7
76.0
- 1 .6
+ 4 .0
28. 80
- 2 .4
+ 2 .3
86.2
+ .4
+ 9.1
31. 51
- 1 .0
+ 2 .4
65.9
-2 .8
+ 4 .1
29. 88
- 2 .9
+ 4 .3
67.9
65.3
81.0
- 1 .5
+ 2 .8
+ 4 .8
+ 4 .8
+ 4 .5
+ 4 .5
28.04
20. 42
17. 21
- 1 .7
- 1 .2
-2 .2
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .4
+ 1 .3
62.1 + 2 .4
+ 4 .6
66.3
+ .4
+ 4. 2
70.9 +1. 4 + 8.3
64.1 +13.7 + 3 .6
+ 1.8 +39.6
(2)
+ 1 .0 + 3 .7
(2)
+20.3 +33.8
(2)
23. 22
14.01
15.85
19.19
37. 30
37.83
25. 57
-.7
-.1
+• 1
+ 3 .8
+ 1.4
+• 8
+ 4 .2
+ 2 .9
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .0
+ 1 .2
+ 7 .6
+ 2 .9
+12.2
1 Preliminary—Source: Interstate Commerce Commission.
2 N ot available.
3 March data revised. See note 3, table 3.
* Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
Public Employment
Employment on construction projects financed from Public Works
Administration funds increased in April. During the month more
72758— 36--------2
6
than 264,000 wage earners were employed, a gain of 31.0 percent
compared with March. On Federal and non-Federal projects financed
from funds provided by the National Industrial Recovery Act, sub
stantial employment gains were registered. The number of workers
engaged on non-Federal projects financed from funds provided by the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 increased from less
than 61,000 in March to more than 107,000 in April. Total pay-roll
disbursements in April amounted to $18,916,000, an increase of
$4,934,000 in comparison with the previous month.
Employment on construction projects financed from regular
governmental appropriations in April was the highest of any month
since November 1935. During the month, the number of wage earners
totaled 60,000, a gain of 26.4 percent compared with the previous
month. Increases in employment occurred on every type of con
struction project with the exception of miscellaneous projects. The
most pronounced gains were registered on building-construction
projects and on public-road work. Pay-roll disbursements in April
totaled $5,205,000, an increase of $1,530,000 compared with March.
A substantial increase in the number of workers employed on con
struction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corpora
tion was reported in April. More wage earners were employed on
this program during the month than for any month since June 1935.
Compared with March, employment in April showed an increase of
23.2 percent. Every type of project except reclamation work regis
tered gains in the number of workers employed. Pay-roll disburse
ments totaled $1,134,000, an increase of $218,000 compared with
March.
Employment on projects financed by The Works Program declined
during April. Compared with March there was a decrease of approxi
mately 138,000 in the number of workers engaged on this program.
Employment on Federal projects totaled 376,000, an increase of 15.5
percent over March. On projects operated by the Works Progress
Administration, the number of wage earners employed decreased
from 3,045,000 in March to 2,857,000 in April. Total pay-roll dis
bursements of $160,056,000 were $2,797,000 greater than in March.
In the regular agencies of the Federal Government, increases in
the number of employees were reported for the executive, military,
and legislative branches; a small decrease, however, occurred in the
judicial service. Employment in the executive service increased less
than 1 percent in April, but compared with a year ago shows an in
crease of 14.0 percent. Of the 810,767 employees in the executive
service in April, 115,422 were working in the District of Columbia
and 695,345, outside the District. The most marked increase in
employment in the executive departments of the Federal Govern
ment in April was reported for the War Department. Appreciable
gains also occurred in the Veterans’ Administration, the Department
7
of Interior, and the Resettlement Administration. Substantial de
creases in the number of workers, on the other hand, occurred in the
Works Progress Administration, the Home Owners’ Loan Corpora
tion, the Department of Agriculture, and the Farm Credit Adminis
tration.
In emergency conservation work (Civilian Conservation Camps)
employment increased sharply in April. As against 354,000 workers
in March 389,000 were engaged on this program in April, an increase
of 35,000. Gains in employment were registered in the enrolled per
sonnel and educational adviser groups. Losses, on the other hand,
occurred in the Reserve officer and supervisory and technical groups.
Pay rolls for the month were $18,022,000, an increase of approxi
mately $809,000 over March.
The number of workers employed on the construction and main
tenance of State roads in April was 154,644, an increase of 13,108
compared with employment in the previous month. Substantial
gains were registered on new road construction and on maintenance
work. Of the total number employed on this program, 11,399 or 7.3
percent were engaged in new road constructon and 143,305 or 92.7
percent in maintenance work. Pay-roll disbursements for the month
totaled $8,918,000, an increase of $1,228,000 compared with dis
bursements in March.
A summary of Federal employment and pay-roll statistics for April
is presented in table 2.
Table 2.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, April 1936
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
Federal service:
Executive 12___........................ .........
Judicial____ _________ ___________
Legislative_______ __________ _____
M ilitary_________________________
Construction projects:
Financed b y P . W . A _............. .......
Financed b y R . F. C .....................
Financed b y regular governmental
appropriations____ _____________
The W orks Program :9
Federal projects__________ ________
Projects operated b y W . P. A ____
Relief work:
Emergency conservation w ork___
A pril
March
3 810, 767
1,924
4,945
297,394
806, 404
1,934
4,939
294, 609
5 264,427
7 10, 021
6 202,336
8 8,134
60,107
Percent
age
change
Pay roll
April
M arch
+ 0 .5 $125,190,144 4$124,681,049
511,303
-.5
487,373
1,172,205
1,175,945
+. 1
22,442,140
* 22,366,383
+ .9
+ 30.7
+23.2
« 18,915,663
7 1,133, 880
6 13,981,176
8 916,059
Percent
age
change
+ 0 .4
+ 4 .9
-.3
+ .3
+35.3
+23.8
47,538
+26.4
5, 205,353
3,674,896
+41.6
375,865
325, 505
2,856,508 3,044, 685
+15.5
-6 .2
16, 563,885
143,492,350
14,431,789
142, 827,306
+14.8
+. 5
JO388, 656 u 353,471
+10.0 io 18,021,978
n 17,213,224
+ 4 .7
1 Data concerning number of wage earners refer to employment on last day of month specified.
2 Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
3 Includes 42 employees b y transfer previously reported as separations b y transfer not actual additions
for April.
* Revised.
5 Includes 112,345 wage earners and $6,346,433 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from E. R .
A. A . 1935 funds.
6 Includes 64,223 wage earners and $3,032,280 pay roll covering P. W . A . projects financed from E. R .
A. A . 1935 funds.
7 Includes 131 employees and pay roll of $8,531 on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage C o.
8 Includes 62 employees and pay roll of $2,240 on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage Co.
• Data covering P. W . A . projects financed from E. R. A . A . 1935 funds are not included in The W orks
Program and shown only under P. W . A.
42,220 employees and pay roll of $5,900,025 included in executive service.
11 42,765 employees and pay roll of $6,015,979 included in executive service.
8
Detailed Reports for April 1936
Private Employment
O N TH LY reports on employment and pay rolls in private in
dustry are now available for the following groups: 90 manu
facturing industries; 16 nonmanufacturing industries, including build
ing construction; and class I steam railroads. The reports for the
first two of these groups— manufacturing and nonmanufacturing—
are based on sample surveys by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but
in virtually all industries the samples are sufficiently large to be en
tirely representative. The figures on class I steam railroads are
compiled by the Interstate Commerce Commission and are presented
in the foregoing summary.
M
Employment, Pay R olls, Hours, and Earnings in A p ril 1936
T h e indexes of employment and pay rolls, average hours worked
per week, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings in
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries in April 1936 are
shown in table 3. Percentage changes from March 1936 and April
1935 are also given.
Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1936
Employment
Industry
Index
April
1936
Percentage
change from—
March
1936
Average weekly
earnings 1
Pay rolls
April
1935
Index
April
1936
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
March
1936
April
1935
Average hourly
earnings 1
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
April
1936
April
1936
April
1936
March
1936
Average hours worked
per week 1
April
1935
March
1936
April
1935
M arch
1936
April
1935
Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25 — 100)
U1 manufacturing industries... . ________ ________
85.1
+ 1 .2
+ 3.0
77.9
+ 2 .1
+ 10.0
$22. 69
+ 0 .9
+ 6 .8
38.7
+ 0 .5
+ 6 .8
Cents
57.3
+ 0 .1
- 0 .1
Durable goods______________________________
Nondurable goods_____________ ____________
77.6
93.1
+ 2 .5
1
+ 8.1
- 1 .2
73.8
83.3
+ 5 .9
- 1 .9
+19.4
+ 1.1
25.68
19. 65
+ 3 .3
-1 .8
+10.5
+ 2 .3
40.7
26.8
+ 2 .6
- 1 .8
+ 8 .7
+ 3 .3
61.9
52.9
+ .2
-.2
+ 1 .6
- 1 .6
79.1
79.7
86.6
56.7
+ 3 .6
+ 3 .0
+ 4.3
+ 2.8
+ 9.6
+8.1
+8.1
+20.0
73.9
79.2
82.6
37.2
+ 5.7
+ 7 .3
+13. 2
+ 6 .5
+24.4
+27.0
+22.3
+41.0
35. 66
27. 47
24.65
18.16
+ 3 .0
+ 4 .1
+ 8 .5
+ 3 .7
+13.5
+17.6
+12.9
+17.6
40.9
41.4
43.0
36.4
+ 3 .6
+ 4 .0
+ 8 .9
+ 2 .5
+13.9
+18.1
+11.7
+16.7
61.7
66.3
57.3
48.8
-.1
+ .1
-. 1
- 0
+ .3
-.3
+ .6
- 1 .7
77.9
66.9
55.2
93.9
- 1 .6
+ .5
+ .3
- .8
- 3 .0
+ 6.6
+ 1.5
+27.1
64.8
55. 2
52.4
60.3
+ 2 .1
+ .6
+ 3 .8
-5 .7
+ 7.8
+ 5 .8
+13.1
+30.7
20.70
26.15
22.03
21.42
+ 3 .8
+ .1
+ 3 .4
- 4 .9
+11.0
-.9
+ 11.4
+ 2 .9
39.7
41.8
39.9
37.5
+ 2 .8
-.5
+ 2 .0
-4 .0
+11.5
-2 .0
+11.4
+ .4
52.4
62.5
55.6
57.0
+ 1 .4
+ .6
+ 1 .5
- 1 .0
+• 1
+ 1 .6
-.3
+ 2 .0
60.1
104.9
64.5
95.8
+ 3 .0
+ 4.8
+ 5.9
+ 2 .0
+19.7
+ 7.6
+16.6
+8.5
43.8
85.5
54.7
94.3
+ 2 .6
+ 1 .3
+ 9 .4
-.2
+29.6
+16.1
+37.5
+10.4
23.29
23.18
23. 52
21.36
-A
- 3 .3
+ 3 .4
- 2 .1
+ 8 .0
+ 7 .8
+ 18.2
+ 1 .9
39.8
40.7
40.6
38.9
+ .2
-1 .2
+ 3 .8
-.7
+ 7 .4
+ 8 .3
+17.8
+ 2 .9
58.5
57.3
57.9
55.2
-.5
- 2 .3
-.2
- 1 .6
-. 1
-.5
+ .3
- 1 .6
72.7
144.4
- 1 .0
+ 1.5
+11.2
+12.0
74.7
146.7
+ .4
+ 4 .7
+22.9
+20,8
23. 44
23. 59
+ 1 .4
+ 3 .2
+10.7
+ 7 .6
43.7
42.8
+ .8
+ 4 .7
+11.5
+ 9 .2
53.6
55.2
+ .7
- 1 .5
-.4
-.6
Durable goods
ron and steel and their products, n o t in
cluding m achinery_________________________
Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m ills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets________ ____
Cast-iron pipe______ ________________________
Cutlery (not including silver and plated
cutlery) and edge tools. __ ............... ..............
Forgings, iron and steel____ _________________
Hardware__________________________ _____
Plum bers’ supplies_____________________ ____
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings______________ _________
Stoves________________________. .
__ _ _
Structural and ornamental metalwork......... .
Tin cans and other tinware..... ...... ................
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools, files, and saws)______________________
W irework___ _________________________ _____
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1936— Continued
Industry
Index
April
1936
Percentage
change from—
March
1936
April
1935
Average weekly
earnings 1
Pay rolls
Employment
Index
April
1936
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
April
1936
March
1936
Average hours worked
per week 1
April
1935
M arch
1936
Average hourly
earnings 1
Percentage
change from—
April
1936
April
1935
Percentage
change from—
April
1936
March
1936
April
1935
March
1936
April
1935
Manufacturing (indexes are based on 8-year average 1 9 2 3 -2 5 = 100)—-Continued
Durable goods—Continued
M achinery, n o t including transportation
e quipm ent_____________. . . ________________
Agricultural implements______ _____________
Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu
lating machines_____________ ______________
Electrical machinery, apparatus, and supplies.
Engines, turbines, tractors, and water wheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products________
Machine tools_______________________________
Radios and phonographs.............. ...............
Textile machinery and parts________________
Typewriters and parts.. ______ _____________
Transportation equipm ent__________________
Aircraft----------- ------------------------------ --------------A utom obiles________________________________
Cars, electric- and steam-railroad________ . .
Locom otives________________________________
Shipbuilding______________ __________________
Rai'road repair shops_______ __________________
Electric railroad___ _ ___________________
Steam railroad______________________ ______
Nonferrous m etals and their products______
A luminum manufactures____ ._ . . . _______
Brass, bronze, and copper products__________
Clocks and watches and time-recording de
vices____________ _______________________
Jew elry.______ ___ _________________________
Lighting equipm ent_________________ ________
Silverware and plated ware ________________
Smelting and refining—copper, lead, and zinc.
Stamped and enameled ware_________________
96.2
140.4
+ 2.8
+ 1.3
+13.0
+44.8
86.3
172.5
+ 5 .0
+ .9
+27.7
+58.6
$25. 27
25.15
+ 2 .2
-.3
+13.0
+ 9 .7
41.1
40.9
+ 2 .3
-. 1
+10.9
+ 3 .8
Cents
60.9
61.7
+ (2)
-.4
+ 1 .7
+ 5 .0
119.3
75.3
120.3
83.8
105. 9
188.6
70.8
105.7
104.3
531.4
114.1
62.2
31.4
99.8
59.9
66.0
59.4
88.7
84.3
86.8
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .2
+ 3 .5
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .3
+ 1.3
-.4
+ 1.0
+ 4.0
+ 6.1
+ 2 .7
+ 9 .5
+13.7
+10.1
-.3
+ .4
-.5
-.2
- 1 .0
-.1
+14.1
+ 6.3
+23. 5
+12.7
+29.5
+ 3.4
+ 7 .6
+13.0
-.5
+49.2
- 4 .9
+ 5.3
- 3 .0
+33.7
+13.2
+ .6
+14.3
+ 6 .4
+ 7 .2
+ 6.1
105.0
68.6
91.1
75.4
97.5
118.0
62.5
95.4
110.3
407.6
121.7
70.0
15.1
95.6
60.6
62.5
60.6
74.0
78.7
70.8
+ 3 .9
+ 7 .7
+ 2 .7
+ 5 .3
+• 1
+ 7 .6
- 3 .3
+ 4 .7
+14.8
+ 5 .4
+15.5
+12.9
+ 17.8
+12. 4
- 4 .0
- 1 .8
-4 .0
+ .1
- 1 .5
+ 1 .4
+23.7
+17.5
+ 31.0
+30.0
+43.8
+ 10.3
+21.1
+22.4
+ 7 .4
+39.8
+ 3 .9
+ 7 .6
+ 1 .2
+54.2
+19.5
+ 3 .4
+21.1
+14.4
+13.7
+10.6
28. 87
25. 03
27. 62
25. 42
27.54
19.36
24. 26
23.09
30.32
25.16
31.31
23.60
24.86
27.59
28. 50
28.33
28. 53
22.24
22. 59
23. 57
+ 2 .2
+ 3 .4
-.8
+ 2 .5
- 1 .3
+ 6.1
- 2 .9
+ 3 .7
+10.4
-.7
+12.5
+ 3 .1
+ 3 .5
+ 2.1
- 3 .6
-2 .2
-3 .5
+ .4
-.5
+ 1 .5
+ 8 .4
+ 10.3
+ 6.1
+15.3
+10.8
+ 6 .9
+12.6
+ 8 .5
+ 8 .0
- 6 .3
+ 9 .3
+ 2 .2
+ 4 .5
+15.0
+ 5 .6
+ 2 .8
+ 6 .1
+ 7 .5
+ 5 .9
+ 4 .3
41.5
40.4
40.1
42.5
43.6
35.5
41.0
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.9
38.0
39.0
36.2
42.0
44.7
41.7
39.8
40.2
40.2
+ 1 .4
+ 3 .5
-.6
+ 2 .6
-1 .2
+ 6 .3
- 2 .6
+ 3 .0
+10.0
+• 2
+12.2
+ 2 .3
+ 3 .6
+ .9
- 3 .0
-2 .3
- 3 .1
-.2
-.9
+ 1 .0
+ 6 .8
+11.3
+. 3
+14.1
+ 9 .7
+ 8 .7
+12.9
+ 7 .7
+ 3 .0
+ 1 .5
+ 3 .1
+ 3 .5
+ 6 .8
+12.4
+ 4 .6
+ .2
+ 5 .6
+ 7 .0
+ 1 .3
+ 3. 5
70.2
61.7
69.0
59.7
63.1
54.6
59.2
57.2
75.0
64.0
76.7
62.1
63.7
74.9
68.0
61.7
68.5
55.5
56.0
58.5
+ .9
+ .1
-.2
+ .1
-.2
-.3
-.4
+ .8
+ .3
-.7
+ .4
+ .7
-.1
+ .5
-.2
-.1
-.2
+ .5
+ .4
+ .6
+ 2 .0
+ .7
+ 5 .5
+ 1 .4
+ 1 .1
-1 .9
-.4
+ .5
+ 5 .2
-4 .5
+ 6 .6
-1 .1
-2 .5
+ 1 .6
+ .4
+ 9
+ .3
+ 1 .6
+ 4 .1
91.2
68.3
78.0
65.5
88.5
112.8
- 1 .7
- 2 .4
- 1 .5
- 1 .6
- 1 .0
+ 3 .3
+ 14.2
- 1 .6
+ 11.2
- 8 .7
+14.8
+ 3 .3
78.7
51.7
74.7
48.7
63.5
101.1
- 3 .2
- 2 .1
+ 3 .0
- 6 .6
- 3 .3
+ 4 .9
+21.2
+. 5
+26.8
- 4 .7
+27.5
+14.9
19. 52
20.49
22. 75
21.22
23.00
21.36
- 1 .5
+ .2
+ 4 .5
- 5 .1
- 2 .3
+ 1 .5
+ 6 .1
+ 2 .2
+ 14.0
+ 4 .1
+11.4
+ 11.2
39.2
36.0
40.1
36.5
40.8
41.2
-2 .8
+ 1.1
+ 3 .9
- 6 .5
- 2 .9
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .0
+ 3 .7
+14.4
+ 4 .2
+ 7 .5
+ 9 .8
49.8
55.9
56.8
57.8
56.3
51.7
+ 1 .3
-.7
+• 7
+ 1 .3
+ .6
+ .4
+ 2 .9
+ 1 .3
-.6
+ .1
+ 4 .1
+ 1 .3
+ .4
M
O
L u m b e r a n d aliied p ro d u c ts___________________
Furniture______________________________________
Lumber:
M ill work__________________________________
Sawmills___________________________________
Turpentine and rosin__________________________
S to n e , clay, a n d glass p r o d u c ts _______________
Brick, tile, and terra cotta____________________
Cement_________________________________________
Glass___________________________________________
Marble, granite, slate, and other products___
Pottery_________________________________________
55.6
72.1
+ 2.0
- .5
+7 .5
+ 5 .0
46.3
56.2
+ 3 .8
+ .8
+23.5
+14.2
18. 91
18. 34
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .3
+14.9
+ 8 .5
40.8
40.1
- 0
+ .5
+11.1
+ 8 .7
45.9
45.9
+ 1 .4
+ 1 .0
+ 2 .1
+ .7
48.5
37.5
99.0
57.7
36.7
52.3
97.1
29.5
71.6
+ 3 .2
+ 3.8
+ 1.9
+ 6.7
+13.1
+17.9
+ 2.3
+11.7
+ .5
+22.1
+ 7.8
-.2
+8 .5
+33.0
+ 4.6
+3.1
+11.1
- 2 .5
41.2
29.7
57.0
46.9
25.8
38.3
92.1
23.3
56.9
+ 5. 2
+ 6 .1
- 3 .8
+ 7 .8
+15.1
+20.5
+ 3 .4
+22.6
- 1 .2
+48.6
+25.5
- 1 .6
+19.3
+58.5
+19.9
+11.4
+27.8
+ 6 .7
19. 79
19. 21
12.11
21.19
18. 29
21.59
22.18
25.05
21.23
+ 1 .9
+ 2 .3
- 5 .5
+ 1 .1
+ 1 .8
+ 2 .2
+ 1.1
+ 9 .8
- 1 .7
+21.7
+16.8
-1 .4
+10.0
+19.1
+14.4
+ 8 .2
+14.8
+ 9 .2
42.6
41.2
+ 1. 5
+ 0
+20.8
+ 13.5
46.4
47.2
- 0
+ 2 .4
+ .9
+ 4 .5
38.5
41.4
37.7
36.8
38.5
39.7
+ 1 .5
+ 2 .9
+ 3 .3
+• 7
+ 5 .9
- 1 .6
+11.4
+22.7
+14.1
+ 3 .7
+19.5
+ 9 .5
55.7
44.4
57.2
60.4
65.1
54.9
-.2
- 1 .0
- 1 .0
+. 3
+ 3 .4
-.1
+ .6
- 2 .3
+• 7
+ 3 .8
- 3 .2
+ 2 .7
96.1
91.9
79.6
90.4
86.9
111.5
83.5
114.9
64.8
87.8
101.7
93.1
136.3
87.1
111.8
67.4
108.4
86.4
84.3
94.9
94.1
113.5
163.9
71.0
68.2
70.6
72.4
68.8
80.7
36.0
81.8
55.4
65.2
54.1
-1 .1
- 1 .5
- 1 .6
- 1 .3
+ 2.5
-.3
-.7
(2)
+ 0
- 5 .6
-.2
- 3 .2
+ 1 .9
+ 1.3
+ 2 .4
-4 .9
+ 2.7
- 2 .9
- 3 .5
-.8
+2 .3
+. 5
+ 3.4
+ 4.4
+20.3
- 4 .5
- 1 .8
+11.3
+. 3
+14.3
+ 2.7
-.9
- 1 .2
-.9
- 1 .1
- 1 .5
+ .6
- 1 .6
- 4 .1
- 2 .7
- 1 .6
+. 5
- 8 .8
+ .9
-. 1
- 1 .7
+ 1.1
- 7 .1
+• 4
- 3 .3
+ 3.9
- 5 .6
- 7 .2
+ .4
- 1 .4
+1.5
+5.1
+• 8
-1 0 .9
- 9 .1
- 2 .5
- .4
- .9
- 8 .9
- 2 .4
- 2 .5
- 5 .1
- 2 .1
80.0
78.3
69.2
77.1
78.4
96.0
71.3
110.5
53.5
67.3
78.7
67.8
101.1
87.0
71.0
63.0
105.9
69.9
62.4
94.5
87.7
100.4
168.0
56.5
78.8
60.5
63.8
57.6
73.6
36.5
73.9
42.6
64.4
39.8
- 5 .1
- 2 .1
- 1 .6
-.9
+ 4 .5
+• 3
-1 6 .1
- 1 .8
_(2)
- 5 .9
-1 0 .2
-1 6 .0
- 7 .0
- 1 .8
- 5 .3
-1 7 .3
+ 1 .2
- 7 .4
-1 0 .5
+ .8
+ .2
-.5
+ 3 .4
+ 1 .4
+11.2
- 9 .3
- 5 .8
+ 8 .3
-.6
+ 1 .6
-2 .5
- 5 .1
-2 .7
-5 .8
- 2 .9
+ .4
- 6 .7
+ 4 .1
-.4
+ .3
+ .2
+• 2
-1 0 .2
+ 1 .2
-8 .9
-1 7 .8
- 2 .7
-4 .7
- 7 .4
- 9 .9
+ 1 .4
-1 1 .6
-1 6 .9
+ 3 .5
+ 2 .1
+ 5 .1
+ 9 .3
+ 3 .3
-5 .9
- 6 .6
+ 2 .0
+ 3 .8
-.9
- 6 .3
- 3 .0
- 1 .2
-.8
- 1 .3
16.16
15. 79
19. 27
13.46
17. 25
20.12
20.19
16. 63
15.12
17.58
17. 21
17. 37
19.08
15. 91
12. 73
22.63
12. 93
17.43
16.25
21.38
21.54
22. 36
30.74
20. 48
13. 95
15. 62
22.49
26.11
22. 71
24. 03
23.17
13. 72
15.19
13.41
- 4 .0
-.6
+• 1
+. 3
+ 2 .0
+. 6
-1 5 .6
- 1 .8
-.1
-.3
-1 0 .0
-1 3 .2
-8 .7
- 3 .1
- 7 .5
-1 3 .0
- 1 .5
- 4 .6
-7 .2
+ 1 .6
- 2 .0
- 1 .1
+• 1
- 2 .9
-7 .6
- 5 .0
-4 .0
-2 .7
-.9
-1 1 .1
-5 .0
- 4 .2
-1 .5
-5 .0
- 1 .9
+ 1.9
- 7 .3
+ 6 .1
+ 3 .9
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .9
-.3
- 1 .4
+. 2
- 8 .8
-1 6 .4
-3 .5
+ 2. 5
-7 .9
—7.0
- 2 .5
- 6 .4
-1 0 .6
+ 3 .0
+ 3 .6
+ 3 .6
+ 4 .0
+ 2 .6
+ 5 .6
+ 2 .9
+ 4 .7
+ 4.1
(2)
+ 2 .7
-.5
+ 1 .3
+ 4 .4
+ .7
35.3
36.2
34.3
36.8
38.9
38.6
28.0
35.8
35.5
35.3
33.3
30.5
34.4
35.3
35.7
- 1 .9
-.3
+ .4
+. 8
+ 2 .0
+ 1 .2
-2 1 .6
- 2 .2
+ .6
-.5
- 5 .3
-1 0 .1
-2 .4
-4 .2
-.5
+ 5 .0
+ 6 .1
- 4 .4
+10.7
+ 4 .6
+ 3 .9
+ 3 .7
+ 3 .8
+ 6 .2
-.2
+ 2.1
- 7 .7
+ 8 .2
+ 3 .8
+10,9
45.7
43.9
56.3
36.7
44.6
52.3
67.3
47.6
42.8
49.9
49.5
55.8
49.7
43.4
34.0
- 1 .6
-.1
- .1
-.3
+ .3
-.7
-.4
+ .4
-.5
+ .3
- 4 .3
-2 .4
- 7 .5
-.5
- 2 .5
- 5 .2
- 2 .4
+ 1 .2
- 3 .6
-.8
-.3
- 3 .4
- 2 .3
- 6 .6
+ .7
-1 1 .6
-1 0 .5
-1 2 .4
+ .7
-1 7 .7
35.5
33.4
32.0
38.2
39.8
41.4
39.6
-.3
- 5 .5
- 7 .7
+ 1.1
- 2 .2
-.9
+ .1
+12.9
- 5 .7
- 7 .8
+ 1 .0
+ 2 .1
+ 3 .8
+ 2 .9
37.0
51.6
50.2
56.2
54.2
54.0
78.2
-.8
+ .3
0
+•8
-.6
-.1
-.1
-1 3 .9
- 1 .3
- 2 .8
+ 2 .2
+ .6
-.1
+ 1 .6
33.1
36.4
41.5
46.2
40.0
38.9
40.0
32.8
34.6
32.6
- 7 .4
- 5 .6
- 3 .6
- 1 .3
- 1 .2
- 4 .0
- 1 .3
- 5 .3
- 3 .3
-5 .6
+ 3 .1
+ 4 .5
+ 8.1
+ 4.1
-.6
+ 2 .0
- 1 .6
-.5
+ 2 .4
- 1 .0
41.5
43.3
53.5
55.9
56.2
63.0
58.2
41.7
44.1
41.3
- 1 .3
+ .5
-.5
- 1 .1
+ .1
- 7 .5
- 3 .0
+ .8
+ 2.1
+ .6
+ 1.1
- 2 .1
- 3 .2
+ .8
+• 1
- 2 .5
+ .6
+ 6
+ 2 .8
+ .9
Nondurable goods
Textiles a n d their p ro d u c ts_____________________
Fabrics_________________________________________
Carpets and rugs._________________________
Cotton goods______________________________
Cotton small wares________________________
Dyeing and finishing t e x t i l e s . __________
Hats, fur-felt__________ ______ ________ _____
Knit goods_________________________________
Silk and rayon goods______________________
Woolen and worsted goods_______________
Wearing apparel_______________________________
Clothing, men’s___________________________
Clothing, women’s________________________
Corsets and allied garments______________
M en ’s furnishings_________________________
M illinery__________________________________
Shirts and collars__________________________
L eather a n d its m a n u fa c tu r e s ________________
Boots and shoes________________________________
Leather_________________________________________
F o od a n d kind red p ro d u c ts ____________________
Baking--------------------------------------------------------------Beverages______________________________________
Butter__________________________________________
Canning and preserving_______________________
Confectionery__________________________________
Flour________________________________ __________
Ice cream_______________________________________
Slaughtering and meat packing_______________
Sugar, beet_____________________________________
Sugar refining, cane______________________ _____
T o b acco m a n u f a c t u r e s _________________________
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff.........
Cigars and cigarettes__________________________
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 3.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries, April 1936— Continued
Industry
Index
April
1936
Percentage
change from—
March
1936
Average weekly
earnings 1
Pay rolls
Employment
April
1935
Index
April
1936
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
April
1936
March
1936
Average hours worked
per week 1
April
1935
Manufacturing (indexes are based on 3-year average 1923-25 =
March
1936
April
1935
1 0 0 )—
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
April
1936
March
1936
Average hourly
earnings *
April
1936
April
1935
March
1936
April
1935
Continued
Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and printing_________________ _______ _
Boxes, paper___ _____________________________
Paper and p u lp _____________________ ______
Printing and publishing:
Book and jo b ____________________________
Newspapers and periodicals_________ ___
Chemicals and allied products, and petro
leum refining________________________________
Other than petroleum refining...........................
Chemicals____________________ _________
Cottonseed—oil, cake, and meal________
Druggists’ preparations______ ______
Explosives_____ _______________________ .
Fertilizers_____ _____________
___ ___
Paints and varnishes.-. _________________
Rayon and allied products________ __ ___
Soap______ ______________ ______________
Petroleum r e f i n i n g . ___ _ ___________
Rubber products_____ _______ ________________
Rubber boots and shoes.. . _ _ _ _______ _
Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes____ _______________________
Rubber tires and inner tubes____ ____________
98.6
84.3
110.3
+ 0 .4
-.5
+ .6
+ 1 .8
- 1 .7
+ .4
91.1
78.8
96.2
+ 0 .7
- 1 .1
+ 1 .4
+ 7 .7
+ 1 .0
+10.2
$26. 00
18.96
22.08
+ 0 .2
-.6
+ .8
+ 5. 8
+ 2 .6
+ 9 .4
39.1
39.4
41.6
-0 .1
+ .1
+ .5
+ 4 .7
+ 5 .9
+ 9 .6
Cents
69.4
48.4
53.2
+ 0 .3
-.8
+ .2
+ 1 .0
- 2 .8
+ .5
89.1
103.5
+• 1
+ .9
+ 2.3
+4.1
81.8
98.5
-.1
+ 1.1
+ 6.1
+ 8 .8
28. 56
34. 56
- .1
+ .2
+3. 5
+ 4.1
38.3
37.1
-.6
-.2
+ 3 .4
+ .1
75.0
89.9
+ .2
+ .7
-.2
+ 1 .6
110.7
111.0
109.0
47.0
98.4
85.3
138.0
111.9
331.1
96.8
109.4
82.1
59.8
- 1 .2
- 1 .9
+• 8
-3 0 .9
-.7
- 4 .6
- 2 .4
+ 3.6
- 6 .0
+ .4
+1- 7
+12.9
+ 1 .6
-.7
- 1 .2
+ 2.0
-1 2 .3
- .5
+ .9
-1 1 .1
+2. 5
- 1 .2
- 5 .8
+ 1 .0
- 1 .8
+13.1
101.3
101.2
104.9
45.5
98.0
77.7
123.9
100.7
254.9
93.6
101.7
74.0
52.0
-1 .1
- 1 .0
+ 1. 9
-3 4 .3
- 2 .0
- 9 .8
+ .2
+ 5 .0
-4 .6
- 1 .4
- 1 .3
+17.5
-.5
+ 5 .6
+ 5 .9
+ 9.1
- 7 .9
+• 2
+12.0
+ 3 .4
+ 9.5
+ 5 .0
- 3 .4
+ 4 .9
+ 3 .9
+18.8
23.95
21.95
26.31
9. 45
21.44
25.51
13.42
25.01
20.48
23. 50
28. 69
25. 95
19. 26
+ .2
+ 1 .0
+ 1 .0
- 4 .9
- 1 .4
- 5 .4
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .4
+ 1 .4
-1 .8
- 2 .9
+ 3 .9
- 2 .0
+ 6 .4
+ 7.2
+ 6 .9
+ 5 .0
+ .6
+11.2
+16.1
+ 6 .9
+ 6 .4
+ 2 .6
+ 4 .0
+5. 8
+ 5 .1
39.1
40.4
40.9
44.0
39.7
37.4
41.0
42.3
39.1
38.1
35.5
37.5
37.2
-.6
+ ( 2)
+ .3
- 3 .1
- 1 .2
- 8 .1
+ 1 .3
+ 2.0
+• 7
- 2 .9
- 2 .2
0
- 2 .1
+ 5 .5
+6.1
+ 3 .8
+10.5
-.5
+ 7.1
+21.6
+ 4 .6
+ 5 .0
-.3
+ 2 .3
+ 7 .4
+ 6 .3
61.6
54.7
64.3
21.6
54.9
68.1
32.8
59.1
52.4
61.8
81.4
67.6
51.8
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .7
+ .8
- 1 .0
-.4
+ 2 .9
+ 1 .5
-.6
+• 7
+ 1 .0
- .7
+ 4 .0
+ .1
+ 3 .1
+ 2.9
+ 3.0
- 4 .9
+• 4
+ 2.4
- 5 .1
+ 2.8
+ 1.3
+ 2 .6
+ 2 .9
- 3 .1
- 1 .4
131.0
68.1
+ 2 .7
+28.2
+ 3.4
- 9 .0
119.7
63.2
+ 5 .0
+33.4
+12.2
- 3 .3
21.00
30. 29
+ 2 .3
+ 4.1
+ 8 .7
+ 6.1
39.9
35.8
+ 1 .3
+ 1 .0
+7. 4
+ 8 .2
52.7
85.1
-0 0
+ 2 .7
+ .5
- 1 .9
Nonmanufacturing {indexes are based on 12-month average 1929— 100)
Coal mining:
Anthracite__________ . . . _____ _____________.
Bitum inous___________________ _____________
Metalliferous m ining............. ................ ...................
Quarrying and nonmetallic m ining..........................
Crude-petroleum p rod u cin g..___________________
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph....................................
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas 3------------ ------------- -------------------------------Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation
and m a in te n a n ce -..______ _____________
Trade:
Wholesale_______ ___________________________
Retail________ _______________________________
General merchandising___ ____________
Other then general merchandising_______
Hotels (year-round) 4____________________________
Laundries___ ______________ _____________ _____
D yeing and cleaning____ ________________________
Brokerage____ ___________________________________
Insurance________ _______________________________
B uilding construction___________________________
49.8
77.5
57.5
48.4
71.2
- 5 .3
- 3 .7
+ 2 .9
+14.6
+ .6
-5.3
+ 4 .3
+25.1
+ 6 .9
-4.9
28.6
62.6
45.5
36.1
56.9
-3 2 .8
-1 0 .8
+• 7
+16.8
+ 1 .9
-4 2 .6
+39.0
+42.7
+25.1
+ .4
16.72
20.65
24. 25
18.36
29.32
-2 9 .1
-7 .4
-2 .2
+ 1 .9
+ 1 .2
-3 9 .4
+ 33.2
+14.3
+16.9
+ 5 .7
20.7
25.8
41.3
39.3
38.3
-2 5 .4
-8 .3
- 2 .9
+. 6
+ 2 .0
-3 9 .7
+25.7
+14.3
+16.6
+ 4 .1
81.9
80.1
58.1
46.6
77.0
- 1 .5
+ .8
+. 6
+ 1 .3
-.9
-0 .7
+ 7 .1
+ 1 .3
- 4 .1
-.9
+ 3 .2
70.8
+ .9
+ 1 .6
76.0
- 1 .6
+ 4 .0
28.80
-2 .4
+ 2 .3
38.6
-.2
-.3
77.1
- 2 .1
88.0
+ 1 .4
+ 6 .5
86.2
+ .4
+ 9 .1
31.51
-1 .0
+ 2 .4
40.5
+ .9
+ 2 .6
77.6
- 1 .5
+ .2
71.3
+ .1
-.2
65.9
- 2 .8
+ 4 .1
29.88
-2 .9
+ 4 .3
46.5
- 1 .4
+ 3.3
63.1
- 1 .3
+ 1 .6
K3.0
b2.0
H3.1
hi. 6
[-2.6
b4.0
+ 2 .4
+29.7
+ .8
+19.2
67.9
65.3
81.0
62.1
66.3
70.9
64.1
(«)
(8)
(*)
- 1 .5
+ 2 .8
+ 4.8
+ 2 .4
+ .4
+ 1 .4
+13.7
+ 1 .8
+ 1 .0
+20.3
+ 4 .8
+ 4 .5
+ 4 .5
+ 4 .6
+ 4 .2
+ 8 .3
+ 3 .6
+39.6
+ 3 .7
+33.8
28.04
20.42
17. 21
23.22
14.01
15.8fr
19.19
37.30
37.83
25. 57
- 1 .7
-1 .2
-2 .2
-.7
-.1
+. 1
+ 3.8
+ 1 .4
+. 8
+ 4 .2
+ 1 .7
+ 2 .4
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .9
+ 1 .7
+ 4 .0
+ 1 .2
+ 7. 6
+ 2 .9
+ 12.2
42.5
43.1
40.1
44.1
48.5
42.1
43.1
(6)
(«)
31.7
-.6
-.9
-.8
-.8
- .1
-.2
+ .9
(5)
(6)
+ 3 .2
+ 2 .5
+ 3 .4
+6.3
+2. 7
+ 2.0
+ 4 .5
- 2 .9
(5)
(6)
+14.6
65.7
51.9
45.9
53.8
28.6
37.3
44.4
(6)
(5)
80.1
-.9
-.2
-.6
+ .1
+ .5
+ .3
+ .9
(5)
(8)
+ .9
- 1 .5
-.9
- 3 .6
5
1
_(>)
—. 8
(5)
0)
- 1 .2
85.7
85.2
97.4
82.0
83.2
83.2
81.8
(»)
(•)
(6)
+. 1
+ 4.1
+ 7 .2
+ 3.1
+ .5
+ 1 .4
+ 9 .5
+ .4
+ .2
+15.5
1 Average weekly earnings are computed from figures furnished b y all reporting establishments. Average hours and average hourly earnings are computed from data supplied
by a smaller number of establishmnets as all reporting firms do not furnish man-hours. Percentage changes over year are com puted from indexes. Percentage changes over month
in average weekly earnings for the manufacturing groups, for all manufacturing industries combined, and for retail trade are also computed from indexes.
2 Less than Ho of 1 percent.
3 March data revised as follows:
E m ploym ent
Index
March
1936
Percentage change
from—
February
1936
86.8.........
Average weekly earnings
Pay rolls
March
1935
Index
March
1936
85.9
Percentage change
from—
Percentage change
from—
March
1936
February
1936
+ 1.3
$31.86
+ 0 .5
* Cash payments only; the additional value of board, room, and tips cannot be computed.
* N ot available.
March
1935
+ 2 .5
Average hourly earnings
Percentage change
from—
Percentage change
from—
March
1936
March
1936
February
1936
March
1935
+ 8.1
Average hours worked per week
February
1936
40.2
+ 1 .1
February
1936
March
1935
+ 0 .8
Cents
78.9
March
1935
14
Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1935 to A pril 1936
Indexes of employment and pay rolls for all manufacturing indus
tries combined, for the durable- and nondurable-goods groups of
manufacturing industries separately, and for 13 nonmanufacturing
industries including two subgroups under retail trade by months,
January 1935 to April 1936, inclusive, are given in table 4. The
accompanying diagram indicates the trend of factory employment
and pay rolls from January 1919 to April 1936.
The indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are computed
from returns supplied by representative establishments in 90 manu
facturing industries. The base used in computing these indexes is
the 3-year average 1923-25 taken as 100. In April 1936 reports
were received from 24,239 establishments employing 4,134,273
workers, whose weekly earnings were $93,786,969. The employment
reports received from these establishments cover more than 55 percent
of the total wage earners in all manufacturing industries of the country
and more than 65 percent of the wage earners in the 90 industries
included in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ monthly survey.
The indexes for nonmanufacturing industries are also computed
from data supplied by reporting establishments, but the base is the
12-month average for 1929 as 100.
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing and in Nonmanufacturing Industries, January 1935 to April 1936 1
[ 3-year average 1923-25= 100 for manufacturing; 12-month average 1929= 100 for nonmanufacturing industries]
Manufacturing
Total
Durable goods
N ondurable goods
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
E m ploy
ment
ploy
Pay rolls E mment
P ay rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
83.0
83.2
*84.1
85.1
64.3 '2.2 66.2
69.1 ’2.2 69.4
70.8 276.3 71.0
70.8 77.9 71.8
71.4
68.5
66.4
69.7
January_______
February..........
M arch........ .......
A p ril..................
M a y ...................
June_____ _____
78.8
81.4
82.5
82.6
81.2
79.7
J u ly___________
-Ahigust...............
September........
October.............
N ovem ber____
Decem ber_____
79.7
82.0
83.7
85.
85.0
84.6
65.4
69.7
72.2
75.0
74.5
76.6
69.4
70.5
71.
74.9
76.1
75.7
55.6
58.9
60.6
66.
68.1
69.7
Average..
82.2
70.3
71.4
60.9.
74.4
74.4
275.7
77.6
52.5
58.6
60.5
61.
60.1
57.6
65.1
64.7
69.7
73.8
92.4
94.2
95.0
94.2
91.
90.6
90.8
94.3
97.1
96.4
94.6
94.2
92.1
92.6
93.2
93.1
79.3
82.6
83.9
82.4
79.2
77.6
82.4
82.8
284.9
83.3
77.9
83.4
87.1
86.2
82.7
85.0
82.3
1 Comparable indexes for earlier years for all of these industries, except year-round hotels, will be found in
the Novem ber 1934 and subsequent issues of this pamphlet, or the February 1935 and subsequent issues of
the M on th ly Labor Review. Comparable indexes for year-round hotels will be found in the June 1935
issue of this pamphlet, or the September 1935 issue of the M onthly Labor Review.
2 Revised.
15
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing and in Non
manufacturing Industries, January 1935 to April 1936— Continued
Anthracite mining
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Bituminous-coal
mining
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Metalliferous mining
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
59.1
61.2
52.5
49.8
62.9
64.4
51.4
52.6
53.5
56.8
j i i V .................August_______
September . ..
October---------Novem ber____
Decem ber____
49.4
38.7
46.0
58.8
46.6
57.3
37.5
28.3
38.2
55.9
28.4 ........
55.4
53.2 . . . . .
47.5 . . . . .
Average .
57. 5
64.3
38.9
49.9
49.5
------- 66.0
54.4
76.7
42.6
28.6
January______
February_____
M a rch ..............
A p r il...............
M a y _________
June__________
Crude-petroleum
producing
80.0
81.1
81.6
74.3
75.3
77.9
79.8
80.2
80.4
77.5
30.1
29.9
30.9
31.8
31.4
------- 31.5
36.9
37.3
40.5
45.3
49.5
------- 50.4
70.0
73.4
77.1
74.3
76.1 . . . . .
79.1
45.2
35.9
46.3
45.8
48.9
60.1
69.8
51.6
65.5 ........ 52.6
53.5
69.5
31.1
33.4
35.4
38.7
39.6
43.2
50.9
51.0
50.0
50.0
46.7
43.1
34.4
36.3
35.4
36.5 " . . .
32.1
29.7
76.7
58.2 . . . . .
33.9 ........
46.0 . . . . .
30.7 ......
70.6
78.4
70.2
62.6
54.2
55.5
55.9
57.5
39.4
36.9
42.2
48.4
44.3
44.3
45.0
46.0
44.4
........ 46.0
59.6
66.1
67.5
45.0
49.1
64.7
47.3 . . . . .
41.7
42.8
45.1
45.5
20.8
22.2
24.9
28.9
32.8
------- 33.8
25.5
23.9
30.9
36. 1
Telephone and tele
graph
Electric light and
power, and man
ufactured gas
Electric-railroad and
m otorbus opera
tion and mainte
nance 3
Em ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January______
February_____
M arch________
A pril_________
M a y _________
J u n e _________
74.9
74.2
74.0
74.9
76.0
76. 7
J u ly ................ .
August_______
September.......
O ctober______
N ovem ber.......
D ecem ber____
77.4 ------- 59.9 ------76.3
58.9
75.1 : : : : : 60.9 : : : : :
57.9
74.7
57.2
73.0 —
71.9
59.9
Average .
71.1
70.8
70.7
71.2
74.9 . . . . .
55.5
54.9
56.0
56.7
57.8
59.2
55.7
55.7
55.9
56.9
57.9 —
70.5
70.0
69.8
69.7
70.0
70.2
70.1
69.9
70.2
70.8
73.9
72.9
75.3
73.1
73.7
74.4
75.0
76.2
77.2
76.0
82.7
82.2
82.3
82.6
83.3
83.9
86.1
86.1
2 86.8
88.0
78.0
78.3
79.4
79.0
79.8
79.8
84.8
84.7
2 85.9
86.2
71.2
71.0
71.3
71.4
71.6
71.7
70.7
71.7
71.2
71.3
62.9
63.1
63.4
63.3
63.6
63.9
65.0
68.3
67.8
65.9
70.3 ........
70.5
70.4
70.0
69.8
69.6 ____
75.7 ........
75.5
73.8
74.9
74.9
75.6 ____
84.8
86.8
86.9
87.4
87.6
86.8
81.5
82.8
84.5 : : : : :
84.4
83.4
86.0 ____
71.5 ------- 63.4 ........
71.2
63.3
71.0 : : : : : 64.0 : : : : :
64.1
71.1
71.1
63.8 ........
70.5 ____ 66.1
70.1 ........
74.5 . . . . .
84.8 . . . . .
81.4
71.2 ........
63.7 ........
2 Revised.
3 N ot including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad
repair-shop groups, manufacturing industries, table 3.
16
Table 4.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing and in Non
manufacturing Industries, January 1935 to April 1936— Continued
Wholesale trade
M onth
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Total ret ail trade
Em ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Retail trade—gen
eral merchandising
Retail trade—other
than general mer
chandising
E m ploy
ment
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
January.
F e b ru a ry ____
M arch________
April_________
M a y __________
84 ?
84.6
84.0
83.2
82.5
82.1
85.6
85.0
85.6
85.7
J u l y _________ 82.1
August
____ 82.7
September____ 83.7
October______ 85.7
N ovem ber____ 86.4
Decem ber____ 86.8
Average . 84.0 ........
63 9
64 6
65.2
64 8
64.6
64.6
66.6
66.6
69.0
67.9
79.5
79.2
80 ?
83.5
82.2
82.2
80.4
79.7
81.9
85.2
59. 7
59.3
60.4
62.5
62.0
62.5
64.6
64.8
67.2
66.8
66.9
68.6
79.3
78.0
81.8
83.8
84.6
92.9
60.5
59.3
62.5
63.2
63.4
69.3
65.6
82.3
62.1
62.1
61.6
63.5
65.3
.....
87.3
86.2
88.6
94.4
91.3
91.2
E m ploy
ment
Pay rolls
73.5
72.3
74.1
77.5
76.3
76.7
76.4
73.9
77.3
81.0
77.4
77.3
78.0
80.7
79.8
79.8
85.5
83.1
92.2
97.1
101.6
131.7
72.0
69.5
77.2
79.8
82.0
104.5
77.7
76.7
79.1
80.3
80.1
82.7
94.2
78.0
79.1
Year-round hotels
M onth
88.2
85.1
90.9
97.4
56.9
56.6
57.6
59.4
59.0
59.5
59.1
59.1
60.7
62.1
58.1
57.2
59.4
59.8
59.6
62.0
.....
58.8 . . . . .
D yeing and cleaning
Laundries
E m ploy
ment
78.4
78.3
79.5
82.0
Pay rolls
E m ploy
ment
P ay rolls
1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936 1935 1936
62.2
63.5
63.9
63.6
63.7
63.5
64.9
66.5
66.0
66.3
Jannarv
February_____ -------- .........
..........
Marnh
*A pril___________________ _______ _____
M a y ______ ______- _________ __
June
- ______ ___________
_ .
80.3
81.1
80.8
81.1
81.6
81.3
J uly________________________________
A u gu st... _____________________ _____
September_____________________ ____
October. ____________________________
N ovem ber______ _____ _____________
80.3
80. 7
81.1
81.6
81.5
80.8
62.1
62.0
63.1
64.3
64.8
64.2
84.4
84.2
83.0
81.9
81.3
81.1
70.9
69.2
67.9
67.1
66.7
67.5
81.7
79.4
82.1
80.4
76.3
73.4
61.5
58.2
63.1
61.1
55.4
52.9
81.0
63.4
81.5
66.9
77.5
57.9
Average
81.9
82.8
82.8
83.2
79.6
79.6
79.7
80.0
81.1
82.3
81.5
81.2
82.1
83.2
63.9
64.1
64.6
65.5
66.6
68.2
68.3
67.8
69.9
70.9
70.3
69.6
72.5
79.9
80.9
83.6
71.5
70.3
74.7
81.8
50.4
49.8
53.5
61.9
61.7
65.7
51.6
49.0
56.4
64.1
Trend o f Private Employment by States
A c o m p a r i s o n of employment and pay rolls, by States and geo
graphic divisions, March and April 1936 for all groups combined,
except building construction and class I railroads, and for all manu
facturing industries combined, based on data supplied by reporting
establishments is shown in table 5. The percentage changes shown,
unless otherwise noted, are unweighted— that is, the industries
included in the manufacturing group and in the grand total have" not
been weighted according to their relative importance.
18
T ab le 5 .— Com parison o f E m p lo y m e n t and P a y R olls in Identical E stab lish
m ents in M arch and A pril 1936, b y Geographic D ivision s and b y States
[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued b y
cooperating State organizations]
Manufacturing
Total—A ll groups
Geographic divi
sion and State
Per
Per
Per
Per Amount
N um N um
cent Am ount cent
cent N um N um
cent
of pay
of pay
ber on
ber
of
age
ber of ber on
age
age
age
roll (1
roll (1
change estab pay roll change .week)
change
estab pay roll change week)
from
from
from
lish
April
from
lish
April
April
April
March ments
M arch
March
March
1936
1936
ments
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
812,084
51,790
Dollars
+ 0 .5 17,653,771
+ 2 .0 1,007, 272
+ 1 .6
+ 4 .2
3,291
264
544,360
41,879
Dollars
- 0 . 9 11,075,463
+ 1 .5
772,128
+ 0 .3
+ 3 .9
33,855
15, 818
453, 613
84,884
172,124
+ .4
670, 293
337,120
+. 7
+ 1.6 10,153,753
- 1 . 4 1, 727,141
- 1 . 7 3, 758,192
+ 2 .9
+ 5.1
+ 2.4
-.6
-.6
196
128
1,636
394
673
27, 210
9, 854
258, 733
65, 567
141,117
-.7
-1 .7
-.4
-2 .4
-1 .9
514,388
204,162
5,377,152
1, 249,903
2,957, 730
+ 2 .0
+ 4 .1
+ 1.1
-1 .7
-1 .5
M id d le A tla n tic .. 33,113 1,879,847
New Y o r k ___ 21,556 854, 697
N ew Jersey—
3; 288 260, 204
Pennsylvania _ 8,269 764,946
+ 1 .0 45,318,077
+ 1 .2 21,806,111
+ .7 6,325, 267
+ .9 17,186,699
-.6
4,882 1,098,440
- . 3 2 1, 908 407,281
+ .3
3 743 226,301
- 1 .3
2,231 464,858
+ 1 .0
+ .2
+ .8
+ 1.8
25,761,538
10,111,376
5,288,075
10,362,087
+ 2 .3
-1 .3
+ 1 .5
+ 6.6
E ast N o rth C en
tr a l------------------- 19,645 1,971,796
8,076 565,090
Ohio_________
Indiana..........
2,231 209,959
Illinois.............. <4, 686 532, 006
M ichigan....... . 3, 656 492,093
Wisconsin____
5 996 172, 648
+ 2 .8
+ 5 .2
+ 1.8
+ 1 .9
+ 2 .4
+ .1
+ 2 .8
+ 5 .8
+ 1.6
+ 1 .5
+ 2 .3
7 + .7
39,088,225 + 6 .7
10,388, 047 + 8 .2
4,184,686 + 3 .0
8,181,367
+• 9
13,066,939 +12.4
3,267,186 7 + .3
W est N o rth C en
t r a l.......... ............ 11,543
Minnesota .. .
2,147
1,754
Iow a _________
M issouri..........
3,158
North D akota.
516
South D akota.
511
Nebraska.........
1,640
K a n s a s........... 8 1,817
393,845
81,129
54, 722
158,973
4,716
5,395
32,359
56,551
+ 1 .9 8,829,079
+ .7
+ 3 .4 1,886,928 + 1 .6
+ 2 .5 1, 200,835 + ( 6)
+ .9 3, 521,123
-.4
104, 692 - 2 . 8
+ 2 .7
+ 2 .4
115,339
-.5
-.2
726,688
-.5
+ 3.4 1,273,474 + 4 .8
2, 111
374
380
739
43
37
156
382
185,567
35, 046
28,321
81,370
664
1,709
10,814
27, 643
760,341
12,852
113,201
- . 3 13,836,109
298, 546
+• 8
+ 3 .2 2 ,440, 893
-2 .3
+ 1 .2
+ 4-3
2,640
78
532
492,832
- . 4 8,214,579
-.1
8, 566
-.1
188,321 + 1 .0
73,740 7 + 2.8 1, 543, 209 7 + 7 .2
37,117
95, 202
143, 216
+ 4 .6
866, 373
- . 1 1, 747, 078
+ 1 .2 3,160, 701
+ 1 .7
-3 .0
- 5 .9
41
433
245
2, 644
64, 784
54,460
+ 2 .0
-.2
+ 3 .8
82, 607
1,138,404
1, 269, 420
+ 4 .1
-3 .9
+ 3 .7
133,170
-.9
1, 837,019
-3 .1
61,451 - 2 . 8
77,569 - 1 . 2
16, 448 -1 1 .3
813,283
1,075,797
266, 519
-3 .0
-.2
- 4 .0
2,548,888
623,131
1,008, 716
787, 250
129, 791
+ ( 6)
-1 .0
+ 1 .9
- 1 .1
-2 .2
N ew E n g la n d ___ 13,659
775
M aine________
N ew H am p
626
shire________
451
V erm ont........ Massachusetts i 8,574
Rhode Island— 1,188
C onnecticu t...
2,045
S o u t h A t l a n t i c .. 11,036
Delaware_____
217
M aryland____
1,583
District of Co
1,058
lum bia_____
V ir g in ia ...___
2,102
W est Virginia.
1,275
North Caro
1,364
lina............
South
Caro
752
lina..............
Georgia_______
1,480
F lorid a .......... .
1,205
E ast S o u t h C e n
t r a l____________
K en tu cky____
Tennessee____
A la b a m a .........
Mississippi___
4,613
1,475
1,309
1,262
567
144,458
49,991,159 + 5 .3
14,051, 608 + 6 .4
5,026,840 + 2.6
12,711,381
+ .7
14,203,110 +11.3
3,998,220 + ( 6)
7,066 1,509,080
2, 264 406, 273
912 172,906
2,203 345,318
946 444,772
741 139,811
-.5
2,029,704
-2 .7
569
68,866 - 2 .4
101,901
-.7
43, 528 -1 2 .0
947, 773
1,574,167
770,874
-2 .8
-.6
-9 .6
204
357
181
+ .2 4,486,334
- . 2 1, 531, 573
+ .5 1,475,368
- . 1 1,238, 783
+ 2 .6
240, 610
-.9
-2 .2
+ 1.1
- 1 .4
- 2 .7
893 154,917
259
31,478
314
60, 373
228
52, 251
92 1 10,815
255,518
75,900
85,149
77,406
17, 063
+ 1 .6 4,087,825
+ 2 .9
802, 609
+ 3 .7
629, 505
+ .4 1, 700, 605
+ 3 .4
16,859
+ 1.1
35,313
-1 .0
253, 575
649,359
+ 2 .4
+ .2
+ .7
+ .1
-.4
+ 2 .4
+ 1 .6
+ 1. 5
+ 3 .0
+ .3
-.8
-.6
-.2
+17
1 Includes banks and trust companies, construction, municipal, agricultural, and office em ploym ent,
amusement and recreation, professional services, and trucking and handling.
2 Includes laundering and cleaning, and water, light, and power.
3 Includes laundries.
4 Includes automobile and miscellaneous services, restaurants, and building and contracting.
5 Includes construction, but does not include hotels, restaurants, or public works.
6 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
7 Weighted percentage change.
8 Includes financial institutions, construction, miscellaneous services, and restaurants.
19
Table 5.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in March and April 1936, by Geographic Divisions and by States— Con.
Manufacturing
Total—All groups
Geographic divi
sion and State
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
West South
Central............... 4,233
*538
Arkansas_____
951
Louisiana____
1,417
Oklahoma____
Texas................ 1,317
4,493
M ou n tain ........ .
746
M ontana_____
472
Idaho................
326
W yom ing____
1, 263
Colorado_____
331
N ew M exico. _
519
Arizona............
611
U tah.................
224
N evada___ •___
P a cific___________
6,487
Washington. __ 3,030
1,313
O regon ...........
California____ 10 2 ,1U
Per
Per
Per
Per A m ount
ount cent
cent Am
cent N um N um
N um
cent
of pay
of pay
age
ber of ber on
age
age
ber on
age
roll (1 change
roll (1
pay roll change week) change estab pay roll change week)
from
from
lish
from
April
April
from
April
April
March ments
March
March
1936
March
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
1936
175, 720
22, iso
43,351
38, 587
71, 602
117,130
18,343
8, 570
8, 224
40,097
6,030
14, 847
17,953
3,066
417,847
90,500
43, 790
283,557
+ 1.3
+ .5
+ 2.1
+ 1 .6
+1. 4
+ 3 .3
+ 1 .9
+ 4 .7
-.6
+ 3 .0
+ 2 .0
-.3
+ 3.1
+ 3 .7
+ 4 .8
+ 3 .7
+ 2 .7
+ 5 .5
Dollars
3,789,873
363,356
792,698
868,883
1,764,936
3,831,083
491, 281
197,643
219, 397
958,079
121, 953
356, 241
403,104
83, 385
10,616,450
2, 259,651
1,057, 348
7,299,451
+ 1.9
+ 3.2
-.4
+ .5
+ 3.4
+ 1 .3
+ .5
+ 6 .5
- 5 .8
+ 3.4
+ 5 .3
- 1 .3
-.5
+ 1 .0
+ 3 .1
+ 3 .7
+ 1.1
+ 1 .8
919
223
209
120
367
560
85
53
42
172
30
39
111
28
3,057
482
258
1,317
Dollars
86,847 + 1 .3 1,768,771 + 3 .8
15,955 + 1 .6
249,945 + 5 A
334,186
21, 251 + 1 .3
-.8
+
3.1
210, 981 + 4 .2
9, 700
973,659 + 5.0
39,941
+•8
791,974 + 4 .1
33, 644 + 4 .5
-.2
4,350
-.7
107,149
59,938 +21.7
2, 561 +15.4
47,804 - 2 .9
1,713 + 3.1
342, 283 + 7 .4
13,492 + 5. 8
13, 767 - 8 .0
860 - 3 . 8
2, 641 + 4.3
60, 562
+ .6
6,241 + 3 .4
138,217
+ .1
22,254 - 2 . 5
786 + 1 .7
336,076 + 7 .3 5,736,656 + 4 .8
48,916 + 4 .1 1,210,819 + 6 .9
22, 519 + 3 .3
523, 552 + 4.1
154, 641 + 8 .9 4,002,285 + 4 .3
9 Includes automobile dealers and garages, and sand, gravel, and building stone.
10 Includes banks, insurance, and office employment.
Private Employment and Pay Rolls in Principal Cities
A c o m p a r i s o n of April employment and pay rolls with the March
totals in 13 cities of the United States having a population of 500,000
or over is made in table 6. The changes are computed from reports
received from identical establishments in both months.
In addition to reports included in the several industrial groups
regularly covered in the survey of the Bureau, reports have also been
secured from establishments in other industries for inclusion in these
city totals. As information concerning employment in building
construction is not available for all cities at this time, figures for this
industry have not been included in these city totals.
Table 6.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish
ments in March and April 1936, by Principal Cities
C ity
New York, N . Y ______________________
Chicago, 111. ________________ ________
Philadelphia, Pa........... .............. ................
Detroit, M ich_ _______________________
Los Angeles, Calif___ _________________
Cleveland, O h io ..._____ _ ____________
St. Louis, M o ...................................... ...
Baltimore, M d _____________
________
Boston, M ass____________ _____________
Pittsburgh, P a ....... ...................................
San Francisco, Calif___________________
Buffalo, N. Y ___ ____ _________________
Milwaukee, W is___________ ___________
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
Number
of estab
lishments
16,795
4,063
2,639
1,564
2, 757
1,819
1, 615
1, 332
4, 271
1,522
1,545
1,074
707
Percent
Number
age change
on pay roll from
March
April 1936
1936
655,229
382,249
225,903
337,955
136,997
136, 767
131, 250
102,155
172,178
189,572
89,980
83, 396
72, 642
+ 0 .6
+ 1 .2
+ 1 .3
+ 2 .7
+ 1 .1
+ 2 .8
+ 2 .2
+ 3 .9
+ 1 .2
+ 2 .9
+ 3 .8
+ 5 .1
+ 1.1
Am ount of
of pay roll
(1 week')
April 1936
$17,064,292
9,843, 240
5,456, 341
10,193. 078
3, 522,691
3, 480, 773
2, 979,021
2,380,915
4,119,833
4, 839,161
2,382,232
2,085, 500
1, 759, 098
Percent
age change
from March
1936
-1 .2
-.3
- 1 .3
+11.8
+ 1 .1
+ 2 .6
+• 6
+ 3 .8
+ 1 .2
+ 6 .9
+ 1 .3
+ 7 .9
+0)
20
Public Employment
E m p l o y m e n t created by the Federal Government includes employ
ment in the regular agencies of the Government, employment on the
various construction programs wholly or partially financed by Federal
funds, and employment on relief-work projects.
Construction projects financed by the Public Works Administration
are those projects authorized by Title II of theNational IndustrialRecovery Act of June 16,1933. This program of public works was extended
to June 30, 1937, by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
The Works Program was inaugurated by the President in a series of
Executive orders by authority of Public Resolution No. 11, approved
April 8,1935. Employment created by this program includes employ
ment on Federal projects and employment on projects operated by the
Works Progress Administration. Federal proj ects are those conducted
by Federal agencies which have received allotments from The Works
Program fund. Projects operated by the Works Progress Administra
tion are those projects conducted under the supervision of the W . P. A.
The emergency conservation program (Civilian Conservation
Corps) created in April 1933 has been further extended under author
ity of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
Exccutivc Service o f the Federal Government
S t a t i s t i c s of employment in the executive branches of the Federal
Government in April 1935, March 1936, and April 1936 are given in
table 7.
Table 7.— Employees in the Executive Service of the U. S. Government, April
1935, March and April 1936 i
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of employees:
April 1935_______________________
March 1936_____________
April 1936.........................................
Percentage change:
April 1935 to April 1936.................
M arch 1936 to April 1936________
Labor turn-over, April 1936:
Additions 5......... .......... ...................
Separations a ___________________
Turn-over rate per 100-----------------------
Total
T em porary3
Entire service 2
Permanent
Total
T em porary3
Permanent
Total
Tem porary
Item
Permanent
District of Columbia2 Outside District of
Columbia
92,480 8,949 101,429 512,794 96,233 609,027 605,274 105,182 710,456
105, 524 7,215 112, 739 598,953 94,712 693, 665 704, 477 101,927 806,404
107, 222 8, 200 115, 422 599,268 96,077 695,345 706, 490 104, 277 4810, 767
+15. 94 - 8 . 37 +13.80 +16. 86 - .1 6 +14.17 +16. 72 - . 8 6
+ . 24 + . 29 +2.31
+1.61 +13.65 + 2. 38 + .10 +1.44
+14.12
+ .5 4
4, 714 10,841 18, 471 29, 312 13,490 20, 536
2,037 12,544 15,124 27, 668 13,918 15, 787
1.79
3.98
1.91 15.31
1.81 15.85
34,026
29, 705
3. 67
2,649 2,065
663
1, 374
1. 29 8. 60
1This table shows employment on last day of month specified.
2Includes employees of Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Howard University.
3Not including field employees of Post Office Department or 12,357 employees hired under letters of author
ization b y the Department of Agriculture with a pay roll of $749,731.
I * Includes 42 employees by transfer previously reported as separations b y transfer not actual additions for
April.
s Not including employees transferred within the Government service, as such transfers should n ot be
regarded as labor turn-over.
21
The monthly record of employment in the executive departments of
the United States Government from January 1935 to April 1936,
inclusive, is shown in table 8.
Table 8.— Employment in the Executive Departments of the U. S. Government
by Months, January 1935 to April 1936
[Subject to revision]
M onth
Outside
District
of Colum District
of Colum
bia
bia
Total
M onth
1935
Outside
District
of Colum ofDistrict
Colum
bia
bia
Total
1935—Contd.
January___________
February__________
M arch____ ________
A pril______________
M a y ______________
96,081
97,251
99,133
101, 429
103, 019
592,140
597, 769
600,484
609, 027
609, 573
688, 221
695, 020
699,617
710, 456
712, 592
October_________ _
Novem ber_________
December_________
June_______________
July_________ _____
August____ _______
September_________
103, 977
104, 747
107, 037
109,195
614, 259
631,134
663,086
678, 229
718, 236
735,881
770,123
787, 424
January___ _______
February__________
M arch.......................
A pril___ ____ _____
110, 583
111, 196
112,088
687,115
690,202
704,135
797, 698
801, 398
816,223
111, 797
112, 697
112,739
115, 422
689,499
687, 626
693,665
695, 345
801, 296
800, 323
806,404
810, 767
1936
Construction Projects Financed by the Public Works Administration
D e t a il s concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked
during April1 on construction projects financed by Public Works
Administration funds are given in table 9, by type of project.
Table 9.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public Works Administration Funds, Month Ending Apr. 15, 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T ype of project
Maximum
number
em ployed i
W eekly
average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number of Aver
man-hours
age
earn
worked
ings per
during
hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A. funds
All projects 2______________________
393,099
87,293
$8,197, 583
11,078,687
$0. 740
$9,292,024
Building construction 2____________
Forestry__________________________
Naval vessels_____________________
Public roads 4___________________
14, 872
34
27, 515
(5)
12,124
26
27,067
21,454
1,053, 605
2, 556
3, 529, 584
989,554
1, 372,003
3,448
4,389, 531
1,841, 800
.768
.741
.804
.537
1, 697, 989
3,377
2,905. 857
1,260,000
Reclam ation__________ ____________
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads_____ ____________
Water and sewerage_______________
Miscellaneous____________ ________
12,107
13,827
1,807
23
1,460
11, 608
12,008
1, 594
20
1,392
1,173,897
1, 256, 981
97, 330
1,344
92, 732
1,578,960
1,592,004
164,876
1, 551
134, 514
.743
.790
.590
.867
.689
1,149, 864
2,097, 776
55,392
66, 731
55,038
i Maxim um number em ployed during any 1 month by each contractor and Government agency doing
force-account work.
3 Includes a maximum of 4,467 and an average of 3,468 employees working on low-cost housing projects
financed from E. R. A. A. funds, who were paid $249,557 for 424,144 man-hours of labor. Material orders
in the amount of $209,224 were placed for these projects. These data are also included in separate tables
covering projects financed b y The W orks Program.
3 Includes weekly average for public roads.
* Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
8 N ot available; average included in total.
1Data concerning P. W. A. employment are based on the month ending Apr. 15.
22
Table 9.—Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public Works Administration Funds, Month Ending Apr. 15, 1936— Con.
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T yp e of project
Maximum
number
em ployed
W eekly
average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N um ber of A ver
man-hours
age
earn
worked
during
ings per
m onth
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth
Non-Federal projects—Financed from N . I. R . A . funds
A ll projects................................ ..........
60,793
49,638
$4,327,372
4,945,351
$0.875
$6,703,793
Building construction.................... .
Railroad con struction............... .......
Streets and roads................................
W ater and sewerage......... _........ .......
Miscellaneous________ ________ ____
31,411
2,952
6.143
17, 505
2, 782
25,783
2, 450
4, 789
14,345
2, 271
2,475,446
69,380
335, 269
1,281, 486
165, 791
2,582,140
136,073
455,153
1, 506,175
265,810
.959
.510
.737
.851
.624
3,882, 288
224,989
720, 363
1, 596,025
280,12&
Non-Federal projects—Financed from E . R . A . A . 1935 funds 6
All projects....................................... .
107,878
86,858
$6,096, 876
8,787,535
$0. 694
$14, 516,502
Building construction______ ______
Electrification_____________________
H eavy engineering________________
Reclam ation.......... ..............................
River, harbor, and flood control___
Streets and roads________ _________
W ater and sewerage.........................
Miscellaneous......................................
71,930
336
1, 676
909
133
7,822
24, 514
558
57,822
280
1,389
769
89
6,108
19,950
451
4,019, 779
13, 798
196,230
52,324
9,630
335,226
1,442,756
27,133
5, 671,811
17, 756
201, 427
95,140
9,858
563,115
2,177,964
50,464
.709
.777
.974
.550
.977
.595
.662
.538
10, 220,830
95, 728
151, 545
70, 282
33,131
664, 815
3,172,920
107, 251
• These data are also included in separate tables covering projects financed b y The W orks Program.
Federal construction projects are financed by allotments made by
the Public Works Administration to the various agencies and depart
ments of the Federal Government from funds provided under the
National Industrial Recovery Act. The major portion of the lowcost housing program now under way, however, is financed by funds
provided under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
The work is performed either by commercial firms, which have been
awarded contracts, or by day labor hired directly by the Federal
agencies.
Non-Federal projects are financed by allotments made by the Public
Works Administration from funds available under either the National
Industrial Recovery Act or the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
of 1935. Most of the allotments have been made to the States and
their political subdivisions, but occasionally allotments have been made
to commercial firms. In financing projects for the States or their
political subdivisions from funds appropriated under the National
Industrial Recovery Act, the Public Works Administration makes a
direct grant of not more than 30 percent of the total labor and material
cost. When funds provided under the Emergency Relief Appro
priation Act of 1935 are used to finance a non-Federal project, as
much as 45 percent of the total labor and material cost may be fur
nished in the form of a grant. The remaining 55 percent or more of
the cost is financed by the recipient. When circumstances justify
23
such action, the Public Works Administration may provide the
grantee with the additional funds by means of a loan. Allotments to
commercial enterprises are made only as loans. All loans made by
the Public Works Administration carry interest charges and have a
definite date of maturity. Collateral posted with the Public Works
Administration to secure loans may be offered for sale to the public.
In this way a revolving fund is provided which enlarges the scope of
the activities of the Public Works Administration.
Commercial loans have been made, for the most part, to railroads.
Railroad work financed by loans made by the Public Works Adminis
tration falls under three headings: First, construction work in the
form of electrification, the laying of rails and ties, repairs to buildings,
bridges, etc.; second, the building and repairing of locomotives and
passenger and freight cars in shops operated by the railroads; and
third, locomotive and passenger- and freight-car building in com
mercial shops.
Information concerning the first type of railroad work, i. e., con
struction, is shown in table 9, page 22. Employment in car and
locomotive shops owned by the railroads and in commercial car and
locomotive shops is shown in a separate table. (See table 10 below.)
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked during April in
railway-car and locomotive shops on projects financed by the Public
Works Administration fund are shown in table 10.
Table 10,— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway-Car and Locomotive Shops
on Work Financed from Public Works Administration Funds, April 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
Geographic division
All divisions___ _______ ___________
M axi
Semi
mum
number m onthly
em
average
ployed 1
2,657
(2)
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
$293,832
Number
of manhours
worked
during
month
391,437
Average
earnings
per hour
$0.751
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
(2)
Railroad shops
All divisions______________ ______
2,295
2,153
$194,403
277,322
$0. 701
$1,493,074
N ew E n g la n d ....................................
M iddle A tla n tic --____ ____________
East North C en tra l..____ _________
East South C e n t r a l.... .....................
113
198
542
1,442
113
159
510
1,371
4, 615
5, 469
49, 574
134, 745
6,182
8,470
71, 718
190,952
.747
.646
.691
.706
92
1,377, 260
35,411
80,311
Commercial shops
All divisions______________________
362
M iddle Atlantic .............................
East North Central________ _______
W est South Central______ _________
5
349
8
(2)
$99,429
114,115
$0. 871
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
571
98,432
426
862
112,378
875
.662
.876
.487
(2)
(2)
(2)
1 Maxim um number em ployed during either semimonthly period b y each shop.
2 Data not available.
24
Monthly Trend
A summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
projects financed from Public Works Administration funds from July
1933 to April 1936 is given in table 11.
Table 11.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1933 to April 1936, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed From Public Works Funds
[Subject to revision]
Year and month
Maximum
number
of wage
earners i
M onthly
pay-roll dis
bursements
Number of
man-hours
worked dur
ing month
$654,945, 295 1,035,956,094
July 1933 to April 1936, inclusive 2.......
July 1933 to December 1934, inclusive.
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of ma
terial orders
placed dur
ing m onth
$0. 632 $1,209,306,001
341, 252,478
585, 280, 577
.583
3 685, 504, 204
1935
January ............................ ............. .......
February............................. ....................
M arch.................... .................. ...............
A p ril_____________ ______ ____ _____ _
M a y ...........................................................
June...................................... ....................
304,723
272,273
281,461
333,045
394,875
414,306
18,462,677
16,896,475
17,400,798
20,939,741
24,490,087
25,386,962
27,478,022
25,144,558
26,008,063
31,387,712
36,763,164
38,800,178
.672
.672
.669
.667
.667
.654
3 30, 746,857
29,264,484
27, 276,566
31,645,166
3 36,893,840
3 42,017,642
J u l y . .......................................— ............
A ugust..................... ..................................
Septem ber2....... .......................................
O ctob er2....................................................
N o vem b er2.................................... ..........
D ecem b er2...... .............................. ..........
405,332
394,509
344, 520
308,632
271, 111
231,692
24,968,785
25,292,656
22,772,317
21,692,439
19, 512,866
16,360,315
37,845,047
37,133,989
32,478,773
30,358,351
26,317, 564
21,637,131
.660
.681
.701
.715
.741
.756
41,936,424
46,954,714
3 40,988,896
35,042,853
29,046, 684
25,507,315
1936
J an uary2.................................................
February 2........................... ............. .......
M a rc h 2.................. ..................................
A p r il2............... ....................... ............. ...
197,820
176,764
202,236
264,427
14,399,381
12,220,479
13,981,176
18,915,663
19,195,535
16,404,771
18,519, 649
25,203,010
.750
.745
.755
.751
« 22,796,818
< 23,460, 743
28,217,402
32,005,393
1 M axim um number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Governm ent
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
2 Includes wage earners employed on projects under the jurisdiction of P. W . A . which are financed from
E. R . A . A . 1935 funds. These data are also included in tables covering projects financed b y The W orks
Program.
s Includes orders placed b y railroads for new equipment.
* Revised.
♦
T h e W orks Program
A d e t a i l e d record of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on projects financed by The Works Program in April1 is
shown in table 12, by type of project.
i Data concerning The W orks Program are based on month ending Apr. 15*
25
Table 12.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by The Works
Program, April 1936
[Subject to revision]
Wage earners
T yp e of project
Maximum
Weekly
number
em ployed 1 average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
m onth
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
Federal projects
All projects_______________________
375,865
335,122
$16, 563,885
38,563, 300
$0.430
$12,903,903
Building construction_____________
Electrification_____________ . . . ___
Forestry________ ______________
Grade-crossing elimination________
H eavy engineering_________ ______
Hydroelectric power plants________
Plant, crop, and livestock conserva
tion___________________________ .
Professional, technical, and clerical.
Public r o a d s ...___________________
Reclam ation______________________
River, harbor, and flood control.
Streets and roads__________________
W ater and sewerage_______________
Miscellaneous___________ ________
36,168
820
15, 716
17, 282
247
2, 468
32, 704
705
15, 092
14,348
198
1, 718
1, 824, 488
37,505
869, 589
829,194
14, 333
31, 078
3, 472,547
70, 545
2,188,149
1,454,802
28, 645
132, 602
.525
.532
.397
.570
.500
.234
2,005, 283
198,668
44, 702
38, 784
71,443
83, 270
46, 786
8, 250
837
9,092
35,488
38, 772
57, 502
78,974
43,043
7,575
717
8,286
1,148,497
1,986, 061
3, 073,391
2,831,093
3, 041,499
349, 568
44, 056
483, 533
5,067,787
3, 640, 257
6, 721, 691
8,030, 281
5, 769,183
870,885
105,061
1,010,865
.227
.546
.457
.353
.527
.401
.419
.478
40,915
152, 798
2, 795,322
1,239, 473
4,123,956
255,620
20,375
564, 441
1, 403, 010
32,094
71,948
P. W . A . projects financed from E. R . A. A. 1935 funds *
All projects 3_____ _____ ___________
112, 345
90, 326
$6,346, 433
9, 211, 679
$0. 689
$14, 725, 726
Building construction 3_______ _____
Electrification____________ . . . ___
H eavy engineering________________
Reclam ation______________________
River, harbor, and flood co n tr o l.. .
Streets and roads_______________ . . .
Water and sewerage_____ __________
Miscellaneous________ _________ .
76,397
336
1,676
909
133
7,822
24, 514
558
61, 290
280
1,389
769
89
6,108
19,950
451
4, 269,336
13,798
196,230
52,324
9, 630
335, 226
1, 442, 756
27,133
6,095, 955
17,756
201, 427
95,140
9,858
563,115
-2,177,964
50,464
.700
.777
.974
.550
.977
.595
.662
.538
10, 430,054
95, 728
151,545
70, 282
33,131
664,815
3,172,920
107, 251
Projects operated b y Works Progress Administration
All projects 3............................... ......... 4 ®2, 856, 508
Conservation___________________ _
Highway, road, and street_________
Housing 3__ ______ ______
_ _
Professional, technical, and clerical.
Public b u ild in g.. ________________
Publicly owned or operated utili
ties 7 . ______ __ ________
Recreational facilities 8____________
Rural electrification and electric
utilities_____________ __
Sanitation and health_______ __ __
Sewing, canning, gardening, etc___
Transportation_______ ___________
N ot elsewhere classified__________
$143,492,350 330, 771, 776
$0. 434 6$19, 586, 594
9, 715,973 24,960,933
46, 393, 550 119,857,912
373,851
627, 762
18, 046, 728 30, 646, 097
13, 724, 419 25, 570, 066
. 389
. 387
. 596
.589
.537
1,027, 300
5,930,944
477
554, 730
4, 328, 269
252,990
302,123
12,829,079
16, 766,321
28, 633,063
33,161, 775
. 448
.506
3,025,329
2, 606, 405
3, 580
98, 635
336,151
55, 707
61, 602
185, 346
4, 412,773
15,064, 519
2,898, 822
3,080,969
402,958
12, 080,157
41,169, 665
6, 207,912
7,453,476
.460
.365
.366
.467
.413
74,157
637, 659
703, 673
636,850
60, 801
233*108
1,017,992
5, 679
256, 743
235, 762
1 Maximum number em ployed during any 1 week of the month by each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 These data are also included in separate tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the Public
W orks Administration.
3 Data for a maximum of 125 and an average of 83 employees who were paid $4,650 for 9,526 man-hours
on demolition work at the site of low-cost housing projects are included both under P. W . A. projects
financed from E. R. A. A. 1935 funds and under projects operated b y the W orks Progress Administration.
4 This total differs from the sum of the individual items, since 3,564 employees worked on more than one
type of project.
5 Includes data for 30,876 transient camp workers who were paid $690,964 and subsistence for 3,781,592
man-hours on conservation work, etc.
6 Value of material orders placed during month ending A pr. 30, 1936.
7 Exclusive of electric utilities.
8 Exclusive of buildings.
26
Monthly Trend
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on projects financed
by The Works Program from the beginning of the program in July
1935
to April 1936 are given in table 13.
Table 13.— Employment and Pay Rolls, July 1935 to April 1936, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed by The Works Program
[Subject to revision]
M onth and year
M on th ly
Maximum
number
pay-roll dis
em p loyed 1 bursements
N um ber of
man-hours
worked dur
ing m onth
Value of
material
Average
earnings
orders
per hour placed dur
ing m onth
Federal projects
$84,782,165
194,852, 529
$0.435
$71,722, 344
5,131
32,672
76,524
129,064
168,234
217,027
276,839
1,215,990
3,754,773
6, 243,023
8,391, 581
10,195,537
607,318
2, 791,802
7,815,795
13,669,524
18,870,799
22,160, 371
.456
.436
.480
.457
.445
.460
164,004
1,684, 347
4,071,945
9, 723, 568
9,214,916
7,258,162
248,929
298, 589
325, 505
375,865
11,179, 541
12, 529,207
14,431,789
16,563,885
25,955,820
29,173,914
35,243,886
38,563,300
.431
.429
.409
.430
8,988,622
9,684, 578
8,028, 299
12,903,903
July 1935 to April 1936, inclusive.............
1935
J u ly.................................................................
August.......... ............................. .................
September............. .......................................
October..........................................................
N ovem ber.....................................................
December..................... ................................
1936
January..........................................................
February........ ..............................................
M arch........................ ...................................
A pril............................................................. .
P. W . A . projects financed from E . R . A . A . 1935 funds 2
$12,963,497
18,963,935
$0. 684
$39,543, 658
317
1,184
3,422
9,203
10,575
54,380
149,545
446,783
17,493
78,928
223,363
676,307
.605
.689
.670
.661
28, 573
159,568
444, 588
1,392, 765
23,740
39,848
64, 223
112,345
1,128,635
1,794,866
3,032,280
6, 346,433
1,621,349
2, 609,270
4, 525,546
9,211,679
.696
.688
.670
.689
3, 632,378
8, 611,717
10, 548, 343
14,725,726
September 1935 to April 1936, inclusive
1935
S ep tem b er..._____ ____________________
October....... ................................................
N ovem ber....................................................
D ecem ber......................................................
1936
January..........................................................
February........................ ..............................
M arch................................................. .........
A p r il............ .......................... ....................
Projects operated b y W orks Progress Administration
$720,561,851 1,679, 509,737
August 1935 to April 1936, inclusive........
$0. 429 $120,978,953
1935
A u g u s t .........................................................
September.....................................................
October............................................. ...........
N ovem ber____ _______________ _________
D ecem ber......................................................
73,153
258,830
516,581
1, 202,471
2, 335, 610
1,199,936
10,303,491
23,357,955
44,497,604
91, 552, 345
2, 581,988
17, 790,436
50,739, 568
94,677,998
201,799,051
.465
.579
.460
.470
.454
3,202,136
2,089,324
8, 236, 283
14, 836,346
17,678,214
1936
January..........................................................
February.......................................................
M arch.................... ............... ....................
A p ril.............................................. ...............
2, 755, 802
2,900,645
3.044, 685
2,856, 508
127,054,184
136, 276, 680
142,827, 306
143,492,350
310,755,226
331,916,478
338,477, 216
330,771,776
.409
.411
.422
.434
19,860,772
17,896, 597
17, 592,687
19,586,594
1 M axim um number em ployed during any 1 week of the m onth b y each contractor and Governm ent
agency doing force-account work.
2 These data are also included in tables covering projects under the jurisdiction of the P ublic W orks
Administration.
27
Emergency Conservation W ork
S t a t is t ic s concerning employment and pay rolls in emergency
conservation work in March and April 1936 are presented in table 14.
Table 14.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work,
March and April 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of em
ployees
Amount of pay rolls
Group
April
March
A ll groups_____ ____ _______ _________________________
388,656
353, 471
$18,021, 978
$17,213,224
E nrolled personnel___ ______________ ________________
Reserve officers........................................ ............. ...............
Educational advisers 2_______________________ _______
Supervisory and technical3___________________________
338, 025
6,992
1,970
4 41, 669
301,177
8,078
1,886
5 42, 330
10, 556, 517
1,457,001
339, 242
4 5, 669, 218
9,405,759
1,683, 296
324,912
5 5, 799, 257
April
March
1 Data on number of employees refer to employment on last day of month. Amounts of pay rolls are for
entire month.
2 Included in executive service table.
3 Includes carpenters, electricians, and laborers.
4 40,250 employees and pay roll of $5,560,783 included in executive service table.
5 40,879 employees and pay roll of $5,691,067 included in executive service table.
Employment and pay-roll data for emergency conservation workers
are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the War Depart
ment, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce,
the Treasury Department, and the Department of the Interior.
The monthly pay of the enrolled personnel is distributed as follows:
5 percent are paid $45; 8 percent, $36; and the remaining 87 percent,
$30. The enrolled men, in addition to their pay, are provided with
board, clothing, and medical services.
Monthly statistics of employment and pay rolls on the emergency
conservation program from January 1935 to April 1936, inclusive,
are given in table 15.
Table 15.— Monthly Totals of Employees and Pay Rolls in Emergency Con
servation Work, January 1935 to April 1936
Number
of em
ployees
M onthly
pay-roll dis
bursements
1935
January--------- ------- --------February_______________
M a r c h ..............................
A pril___________________
398,692
373,850
294,955
368, 537
$16,757,883
16, 320,803
14,188,097
16, 401,114
M ay __ .
. ________
J u n e.. _________________
July ______ ___________
August .. __ _____
September___ ____ ______
385,192
427, 556
480, 586
590,362
534,057
17, 719,018
19,766, 881
22,070, 577
26, 235, 863
24, 404,708
M onth
M onth
Number
of em
ployees
M onthly
pay-roll dis
bursements
1935—Continued
O cto b e r........................ .
Novem ber______________
December_______ ______ _
550, 650
543,958
506, 605
$24, 830, 752
23, 957, 751
21,905, 516
1936
J a n u a r y ..__ ___________
February_______ ________
M a rch .. _____ _________
April____________________
476, 609
452,165
353,471
338, 656
21, 387, 521
20, 448, 752
17, 213, 224
18, 021,978
28
Construction Projects Financed by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation
S t a t is t ic s of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed by the Reconstruction Finance Cor
poration in April 1 a>re presented in table 16, by type of project.
Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, April 1936
[Subject to revision]
Num ber of
man-hours Average
worked
earnings
during
per hour
month
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
m onth
Number
of wage
earners
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
A ll projects............. ................... ...........................
10,021
$1,133,880
1,479,182
$0. 767
$1,292,06a
Bridges_________________________________ _____
Building construction 1____ __________________
Reclamation_________________________________
Water and sewerage__ ______ ________________
Miscellaneous_____________ __________________
1,271
430
84
6,737
1,499
201,200
37,848
1,914
720, 662
172, 256
174,192
46,243
3,035
1,021,909
233,803
1.155
.818
.631
.705
.737
46,735
78,974
T yp e of project
1,123,17a
43,181
i Includes 131 employees; pay-roll disbursements of $8,531; 8,293 man-hours worked; and material orders
placed during the month amounting to $45,935 on projects financed b y R . F. C. Mortgage Co.
A monthly summary of employment, pay rolls, and man-hours
worked on construction projects financed by the Reconstruction
Finance Corporation from January 1935 to April 1936, inclusive, is
given in table 17.
Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation, January 1935 to April 1936
[Subject to revision]
M onth
Num ber
of wage
earners
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
Number of
man-hours
worked
during
m onth
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
during
month
1985
January___________________ ___________
February_____________ ______ __________
M arch____ _____________________________
A pril__________ ________________________
M a y............................... _ i.............................
June............................... .......... .....................
11,180
10,373
9,586
10,300
10,506
11,901
$1,054,708
1,048,593
890,333
1,007,424
1,100,977
1,191,336
1,484,190
1, 457,662
1, 253,493
1, 389,072
1, 522,959
1,592, 744
$0. 711
.719
.710
.725
.723
.748
$3,966,718
5,028,547
1,072,886
2, 517,175
2, 287,090
3,998, 576
J uly______ ________________ ____________
August----- ------------- ------- ------- --------------September_______________ ______________
October _______________________________
N ovem ber_____ ______________ _______
D ecem ber______________________________
9,581
9,415
9, 301
9,192
9,793
7, 786
1,001,653
1,020, 208
957,846
952, 790
1,001,408
869,459
1,349,064
1,367,071
1, 271,475
1, 269, 273
1,344, 234
1,160,845
.742
.746
.753
.751
.745
.749
1,495,108
965,174
1,016, 202
1, 228, 928
1,411,338
1,383,293
1986
January__________________ _____________
F ebruary______________ ____ ___________
M a rch ___________ ____ _________________
A p ril.......... ........................................... .......
7,560
7,961
8,134
10, 021
850, 271
905,455
916, 059
1,133,880
1,093,350
1,179,431
1,193,145
1,479,182
.778
.768
.768
.767
1,355, 520
1,436,119
1,385, 640
1, 292, 063
i Data concerning employment on R. F. C. projects refer to the month ending Apr. 15.
29
Construction Projects Financed From Regular Governmental
Appropriations
W h e n e v e r a construction contract is awarded or force-account
work is started by a department or agency of the Federal Govern
ment, the Bureau of Labor Statistics is immediately notified on forms
supplied by the Bureau, of the name and address of the contractor,
the amount of the contract, and the type of work to be performed.
Blanks are then mailed by the Bureau to the contractor or Govern
ment agency doing the work. These reports are returned to the
Bureau and show the number of men on pay rolls, the amounts dis
bursed for pay, the number of man-hours worked on the project, and
the value of the different types of materials for which orders were
placed during the month.
The following tables present data concerning construction projects
on which work has started since July 1, 1934. The Bureau does not
have statistics covering projects which were under way previous to
that date.
Data concerning employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on
construction projects financed from regular governmental appropria
tions during April1 are given in table 18, by type of project.
Table 18.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, April 1936
[Subject to revision]
Number of wage
earmers
T yp e of project
Maximum W eekly
number
employed 1 average
M onthly
pay-roll
disburse
ments
N umber of
man-hours
worked
during
month
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed dur
ing month
2 60,107
57,112
$5, 205, 353
8,375,190
$0. 622
$9,861,378
Building construction___________
Electrification______ ____________
Naval vessels______ ____________
Public roads 3__________ ________
Reclam ation______ ______ _______
9, 546
58
14, 510
(4)
943
7, 964
38
14,115
23,069
666
657, 570
2, 211
1, 720, 318
1,882,819
103, 251
982, 922
5, 324
2,109,919
3, 518,867
123,952
.669
.415
.815
.535
.833
1,786, 524
966
4,935, 894
2,397, 386
2,415
River, harbor, and flood control—
Streets and roads________________
W ater and sewerage...... ..................
Miscellaneous_________ _________
8,624
2, 308
73
976
8,264
2,120
47
829
688,878
99, 357
2,692
48, 257
1,312,193
239,028
5,637
77, 348
.525
.416
.478
.624
586, 940
51, 709
181
99, 363
All projects_______ _____________
1 Maximum number employed during any 1 week of the month b y each contractor and Government
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Estimated b y the Bureau of Public Roads.
4 N ot available; average number included in total.
Employment, pay rolls, and man-hours worked on construction
projects financed from regular governmental appropriations from
January 1935 to April 1936 are shown, by months, in table 19.
1 Data concerning projects financed from regular governmental appropriations are based on the month
ending Apr. 15.
30
Table 19.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, January 1935 to April 1936
[Subject to revision]
Number
of wage
earners
M onthly
pay-roll dis
bursements
N um ber of
man-hours
worked dur
ing month
Average
earnings
per hour
1985
January..........................................................
February................................................ .......
M arch...................... ......................................
April..............................................................
M a y ................................................................
June__________ ____________ ____________
12,784
13.106
14,659
22,270
23,057
26,191
$669,199
704,190
862,886
1,389, 583
1,599,937
1,904,454
1,062,118
1,102,864
1,359,043
2,210,893
2,370,925
2,842,470
$0.630
.639
.635
.629
.675
.670
$3,163,946
1,962,087
2,709,912
2, 562,404
2,704,333
2,960,270
J uly............................ ..................... .............
A ugust..........................................................
September....................................................
October__________ ______________________
N ovem ber_______ ______________________
D ecem ber.................................................... .
25,788
36, 491
45, 592
59,091
63, 912
56, 780
1,890,209
2,694,822
3,199, 785
4,193,129
4,077, 395
3,707,963
2,752,801
4,137,008
5,066,873
6,716,798
6, 559, 665
5, 980,118
.687
.651
.632
.624
.622
.620
3,079, 618
4, 459,551
5, 801,445
7,181,155
6, 690,405
6,155,840
1986
January.........................................................
February............. .............................. ...........
M arch__________________________ _______
A p ril...... ............................. ......... ...........
46,895
43,915
47,538
60,107
3,990, 725
3,619,025
3,674,896
5,205, 353
6, 246,418
5, 545,115
5, 814,569
8, 375,190
.639
.653
.632
.622
5, 584,611
6,669,016
7,185,019
9,861,378
M onth
Value of ma
terial orders
placed^during m onth
State-Road Projects
A r e c o r d of employment and pay-roll disbursements in the con
struction and maintenance of State roads from January 1935 to April
1936, inclusive, is presented in table 20.
Table 20.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
January 1935 to April 1936 1
[Subject to revision]
Number of employees working on—
Total pay
roll
M onth
New roads
1935
January______ _____________ _______________________
F ebru ary..______ __________ _________________________
M arch____________________ ________ _________________
A pril----------------- --------------- -------------------------- --------------M a y .......... ....................... ................... ............ .......................
M ainte
nance
Total
23, 537
17,940
18,391
24,193
27,924
30, 823
120,283
122,209
108,149
135, 484
135, 541
138, 253
143,820
140,149
126, 540
159, 677
163,465
169,076
$4,864,899
4, 575,171
4,896, 325
5, 501,076
6,008,348
7,079, 793
July______ _____________________ _____________________
August______ ______________ __________ ______________
S eptem b er....................................................... ...................
October.......... ............................................... .......... ..............
N ovem ber............................................................... ........ .
Decem ber........................ ........ ...................... ............ ........ .
35,826
40,130
40, 431
40,390
32,487
27,046
148,575
163,960
156,187
147, 324
139,138
121,690
184,401
204,090
196, 618
187, 714
171, 625
148, 736
8, 232,589
9,063,104
8,435,225
8,150, 29»
7,156,025
6,139,581
1936
January___ ____________ ____ _______________________ _
February_______ ______________ ______________________
M arch_____________________ _________________________
A pril............................... .................... ............ .......... ......... •
14,358
10, 256
8,150
11,339
105, 795
119, 777
133, 386
143, 305
120,153
130,033
141, 536
154,644
7, 481, 502:
7, 572,614
7, 689, 770
8,918,024
1 Excluding employment furnished b y projects financed from^Public Works Adm inistration funds.
O
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