Full text of Employment and Payrolls : April 1935
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Serial No. R. 247
UNITED STATES D E P A R T M E N T OF L A B O R
F ra n c e s P e rk in s ,
B U R E A U
O F
Secretary
LA B O R
Is a d o r L u h i n ,
S T A T IS T IC S
Commissioner
T re n d o f Em ploym ent
+
April 1935
+
P re p a re d b y
Division of Employment Statistics
L e w is E . T a l b e r t ,
Chief
and
Division of Construction and Public Employment
H e rm a n
B . B y e r.
Chief
U NITED STATES
G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T I N G OFFICE
W A S H I N G T O N : 1935
CONTENTS
Page
E m p l o y m e n t in April 1 9 3 5 ________________________________________________________
1
In d ustrial e m p l o y m e n t ____________________________________________________________
M a n u f a c t u r i n g industries____________________________________________________
2
L o n g - t i m e t r e n d of f a c t o r y e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls..... ......
11
12
E s t i m a t e d n u m b e r of w a g e e a r n e r s a n d w e e k l y p a y rolls_________
2
T r a d e , p u b l i c utility, m i n i n g , a n d service indust ri e s____________________
15
I n d e x e s of e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls________________________________
E m p l o y m e n t in b u i l d i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n _____________________________________
17
19
E m p l o y m e n t o n class I railroads___________________________________________
23
T r e n d of industrial e m p l o y m e n t b y S t a t e s ________________________________
24
Industrial e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls in principal cities________________
32
P u b l i c e m p l o y m e n t _________________________________________________________________
E m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls in t h e F e d e r a l se r v i c e _______________________
E m p l o y m e n t c r e a t e d b y P u b l i c W o r k s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n f u n d s _________
32
33
35
C o m p a r i s o n b y g e o g r a p h i c divisions _________________________________
37
M o n t h l y t r e n d ________ ______ ____________________________________________
V a l u e of m a t e r i a l o r d e r s p l a c e d _______________________________________
39
39
E m e r g e n c y - w o r k p r o g r a m ___________________________________________________
E m e r g e n c y c o n s e r v a t i o n w o r k ______________________________________________
42
43
S t a t e - r o a d p r o j e c t s -----------------------------------------------------------C o n s t r u c t i o n projects f i n a n c e d b y t h e R e c o n s t r u c t i o n F i n a n c e C o r
p o r a t i o n ______________________________________________________________________
44
C o n s t r u c t i o n projects f i n a n c e d f r o m r e g ular a p p r o p r i a t i o n s ___________
W a g e - r a t e c h a n g e s _________________________________________________________________
45
48
51
M a n u f a c t u r i n g industries----------------------------------------------------
51
N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries----------- -----------------------------------
54
<n>
TR E N D OF EM PLO YM EN T
E m p l o y m e n t i n A p r i l 1935
E
M P L O Y M E N T
and
losses.
d a t a for A p r i l p r e s e n t a m i x e d
In
these gains w e r e
some
partly
industries e m p l o y m e n t
nullified i n o t h e r
influences c a u s e d a curtailment.
the m o v e m e n t
118.000
was
sharply,
directions w h e r e
but
seasonal
F o r industry as a whole, h o w e v e r ,
definitely u p w a r d
over M a r c h
picture of g a i n s
rose
is i n d i c a t e d b y
and
a
net gain
of m o r e
than
reports received f r o m establish
m e n t s c a n v a s s e d b y t h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r Statistics.
Overshadowing
all o t h e r
factors
contributing
industrial e m p l o y m e n t in April w a s
workers
employed
131.000
additional
industry
creased
during
in the
workers
found
This
private
employment
in
A
in.
of
t h e retail t r a d e .
the m o n t h .
activity
E a s t e r trade.
in
increase
t h e s h a r p rise i n t h e n u m b e r
general
to
the
I t is e s t i m a t e d
employment
expansion
merchandising
substantial gain w a s
in
this
that
nearly
branch
p a r t l y reflects
due
to
the
of
the in
spring
and
also r e p o r t e d in e m p l o y m e n t
building-construction industry.
in b i t u m i n o u s - c o a l m i n i n g
O n
the
other
hand,
declined a b r u p t l y largely a s
a result of t h e s l u g g i s h n e s s t h a t u s u a l l y a t t e n d s t h e i n d u s t r y a t this
s e a s o n of t h e year.
hotels,
brokerage
Factory
S m a l l e r declines w e r e r e p o r t e d in w h o l e s a l e trade,
establishments,
employment
and
the
in Apr i l r e m a i n e d
c o m m u n i c a t i o n industry.
at the s a m e
level a s in
the
previous m o n t h .
In
addition
to
the
rise
of
industrial
employment,
a
substantial
i n c r e a s e l i k e w i s e o c c u r r e d i n v i r t u a l l y all b r a n c h e s o f p u b l i c e m p l o y
m e n t in April.
I n c r e a s e d activity o n c o nstruction projects f i n a n c e d
b y t h e P u b l i c W o r k s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n g a v e j o b s to a l m o s t 5 2 , 0 0 0 m o r e
w o r k e r s in April t h a n in M a r c h a n d n e a r l y 7 4 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s w e r e a d d e d
to
t h e rolls o f C i v i l i a n C o n s e r v a t i o n
shown
in t h e n u m b e r
Camps.
Small
gains
a n d legislative b r a n c h e s of t h e F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t a n d t h e
of w o r k e r s
employed
governmental
on
construction
projects
appropriations in April w a s
in M a r c h .
are
also
of w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y t h e e x e c u t i v e , judicial,
(1)
financed
51.9 percent
by
n u m b e r
regular
higher t h a n
2
Industrial E m p l o y m e n t
M a n u f a c t u r i n g Industries
Instead
of t h e c o n t r a c t i o n w h i c h h a s b e e n r e p o r t e d in A p r i l in 1 0 of
t h e 16 p r e c e d i n g years, f a ctory e m p l o y m e n t in Apr i l 1 9 3 5
c h a n g e o v e r t h e m o n t h interval.
did
t a k e place in th e s e p a r a t e m a n u f a c t u r i n g
m o n t h
the
were more
industries d u r i n g
p r e v a l e n t in t h e n o n d u r a b l e - g o o d s
durable-goods group
showed no
T h e r e d u c t i o n s in w o r k i n g forces t h a t
industries.
the
In
as a w h o l e e m p l o y m e n t c o n t i n u e d u p w a r d ,
b e i n g 1.1 p e r c e n t h i g h e r t h a n i n t h e m o n t h p r e c e d i n g .
A l t h o u g h t h e level of f a c t o r y e m p l o y m e n t r e m a i n e d
April, w e e k l y p a y
rolls c o n t i n u e d t o a d v a n c e ,
70.8 as c o m p a r e d w i t h 70.7 in M a r c h .
u n c h a n g e d in
the index
s t a n d i n g at
T h e r ise i n t h e p a y - r o l l i n d e x
i n A p r i l is d i s t i n c t l y c o n t r a - s e a s o n a l , h a v i n g h a p p e n e d o n o n l y 4 o t h e r
o c c a s i o n s d u r i n g t h e 1 6 y e a r s for w h i c h d a t a a r e available.
Forty-nine
of
the
90
manufacturing
industries
surveyed
showed
g a i n s in e m p l o y m e n t f r o m M a r c h to A p r i l a n d 5 0 s h o w e d i n c r e a s e s in
pay
rolls.
Of
the
14
major
g r o u p s into w h i c h
these industries are
c l assified, 7 r e p o r t e d i n c r e a s e d e m p l o y m e n t ,
6 s h o w e d decreases, a n d
1 (paper a n d
T h e
printing) s h o w e d n o c h a n g e .
largest e m p l o y m e n t
g a i n (over 13,000) o c c u r r e d in t he f o o d g r o u p , the p e r c e n t a g e e q u i v a
lent
being
2.2.
T h e
dustries i n c l u d e d
most
in
pronounced
this g r o u p
were
gains
in
seasonal
the
individual
ri s e s i n
the
b e e t s u g a r , ice c r e a m , b u t t e r , a n d b e v e r a g e i ndustries.
in c o n f e c t i o n e r y
was
also seasonal.
Approximately
w e r e r e t u r n e d to j o b s in t h e l u m b e r a n d
stantial g a i n s in
the
sawmill
and
in
canning,
T h e decrease
10,000
workers
allied p r o d u c t s g r o u p , s u b
millwork
industries h a v i n g
offset
t h e s m a l l losses in t h e f u r n i t u r e a n d t u r p e n t i n e i n d u s t r i e s sufficiently
to c a u s e a n e t g a i n of 2.2 percent.
ployment
in
the
machinery
the r e e m p l o y m e n t
i n t h e la t t e r .
of a l m o s t
and
I n c r e a s e s o f 1.2 p e r c e n t i n e m
transportation
groups
represented
9,000 w o r k e r s in th e f o r m e r a n d
7,000
Six of th e 9 industries in th e m a c h i n e r y g r o u p s h o w e d
g a i n s , t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t b e i n g electrical m a c h i n e r y , f o u n d r i e s a n d
machine
shops,
and
machine
tools.
T h e
agricultural i m p l e m e n t s w a s largely d u e
of
the
5
industries
in
the
d e c r e a s e of 4.3 p e r c e n t in
t o l a b o r difficulties.
transportation
( a u t o m o b i l e s , cars, a n d aircraft).
group
showed
Three
increases
A p p r o x i m a t e l y 6,000 w a g e earners
w e r e a d d e d t o t h e rolls o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i n t h e s t o n e , c l a y , a n d g l a s s p r o d u c t s g r o u p , a 3.3 p e r c e n t gain.
in
this g r o u p
showed
marble-slate-granite
percent a n d
ing
plants
E a c h of th e 5 industries s u r v e y e d
gai n s in n u m b e r
industries
standing
13.6 percent, respectively.
retarded
the
usual
seasonal
of w o r k e r s ,
out
with
the
cement
increases
of
and
20.3
Strikes in brick m a n u f a c t u r
expansion
in
this i n d u s t r y .
N i n e o f t h e 1 3 i n d u s t r i e s s u r v e y e d i n t h e i r o n a n d steel g r o u p s h o w e d
3
increases in employment, but the other 4 industries reported decreases.
T h e net increase for the group was 0.6 percent or 3,500 workers.
T h e nonferrous metal group showed a gain of only 0.5 percent or
1,000 wag e earners. T h e textile group showed the greatest falling-off
in n u m b e r of workers, the 2-percent decrease being equivalent to
32,600 employees. T h e subgroup, wearing apparel, showed a slight
increase, but the subgroup, fabrics, showed a mar ked decrease of 3.2
percent. Cotton goods, silk and rayon, and woolen and worsted
goods were largely responsible for this decline, the first-named in
dustry having curtailed operations in compliance with orders of the
Co d e Authority. T h e decreases in the remaining 5 groups were
small, the losses in n u m b e r of workers ranging from 1,400 in the
tobacco group to 4,100 in the chemical and petroleum refining group.
T h e leather group showed a falling-off of 3,900 workers, railroad
repair shops showred a decline of 3,400, and the rubber group lost
1,600.
Although the level of factory employment as a whole remained
unchanged, the durable-goods industries continued to take on more
workers. T h e gain of 1.1 percent in these industries brought the
April index to 71.6 w h e n compared with 100 for the 3-year average,
1923-25. This is the highest point reached since April 1931. D u r a
ble-goods pay rolls rose 2.1 percent in April, the index being 61.8,
the highest point since M a y 1931. T h e nondurable-goods industries,
on the other hand, fell off 0.8 percent in employment and 1.8 percent
in pay rolls, 94 wage earners having jobs in April 1935 for every 100
w h o had jobs in 1923-25, and $82.30 being paid out in wages in the
current m o n t h for every $100 paid out in the base period.
T h e Bureau’
s indexes of factory employment and pay rolls are
computed from data sent in by representative establishments in 90
manufacturing industries. In M a r c h and April reports were received
from 24,648 establishments employing in the latter m o n t h 3,884,987
workers with a weekly wage bill of $82,269,504. M o r e than 50 percent
of all the w^age earners in the manufacturing industries of the country
were covered by these reports.
Per capita weekly earnings are also computed from these data.
T h e y should not be confused with full-time weekly rates of pay, as
they are obtained by dividing the total n u m b e r of employees (parttime as well as full-time workers) into the total weekly pay roll. In
April the average weekly earnings for all manufacturing industries
combined were $21.18 or 0.1 percent higher than in March. Fortyfour of the ninety manufacturing industries canvassed showed higher
average weekly rates of pay in April than in March, the percentage
changes ranging from 0.1 to 11.2.
Reports of man-hour data by a smaller n u m b e r of establishments—
some firms do not report man-hours— showed a decrease of 0.5 percent
4
in average hours worked per week and a gain of 0.4 percent in average
hourly earnings. Of the industries for which man-hour data are
published, 39 showed increases in average hours worked per week
a nd 54 showed increases in average hourly earnings. Man- h o u r
data are not published for any industry for which available informa
tion covers less than 20 percent of all employees in that industry.
Detailed statistics concerning employment, pay rolls, average hours
worked per week, per capita weekly earnings, and average hourly
earnings in manufacturing industries in April are presented in table
I. Percentage changes from M a r c h of this year and April of last
year are also given in this table.
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, April 1935
Employment
Industry
All industries.....................
Durable goods..... ............
Nondurable goods...............
Durable Goods
Iron and steel and their products, not in
cluding machinery.... ...........
Blastfurnaces,steelworks, and rollingmills..
Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets........
Cast-iron pipe...................
Cutlery (not including silver and plated
cutlery), and edge tools............
Forgings, ironand steel.............
Hardware.......................
Plumbers’
supplies................
Steam and hot-water heating apparatus and
steam fittings..................
Stoves........................
Structural and ornamental metalwork....
Tin cans and othertinware...........
Tools (not including edge tools, machine
tools, files,and saws).............
Wirework......................
Machinery, not including transportation
equipment.....................
Agricultural implements............
Cash registers, adding machines, and calcu
latingmachines.................
Electricalmachinery,apparatus,and supplies.
See footnotesatend oftable.
Per capitaweekly
earnings1
Pay roll
Average hours worked
per week 2
Average hourly
earnings2
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage Index Percentage
Index change
change from—
change from—
change from—
from— April change from—
April
Aver
1935
1.935
Aver
Aver
(3-year
(3-year
age in
age in
age in
April
April
April
aver
aver
age March April age March April 1935 March April 1935 March April 1935 March April
1923-25 1935 1934 1923-25 1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
=100)
=100)
82.4 (3)
71.6 +1.1
94.0 -.8
72.2
73.7
80.1
47.3
80.3
62.8
54.4
73.9
50.2
97.4
55.3
88.3
65.4
128.9
85.1
97.0
104.6
70.9
+.6
-.3
+2.4
-2.7
+.3
+1.8
-3.6
+2.1
-.2
+6.1
+. 5
+2.2
+1.6
+3.5
+1.2
-4.3
+1.5
+2.4
(3)
+2.3
-1.9
70.8 +0.1
61.8 +2.1
82.3 -1.8
+5.2 $21.17
+7.7 23.23
+2.9 19.23
-.6 59.4 +.2 +4.6
+1.1 62.3 -1.6 +4.9
-4.4 67.6 +2.2 +4.5
-8.2 26.3 +5.0 -6.1
-2.0 60.1 -1.8 +1.2
+6.1 52.2 +1.0 +11.1
-36.2 46.3 -3.3 -34.1
+35.1 46.1 +2.8 +52.1
+9.6 33.8 +.9 +19.4
+7.2 73.7 +8.0 +15.5
-1.2 39.8 +2.7 +5.9
+ 1 85.4 +2.6 +1.4
+3.8 60.8 +.5 +14.9
-1.9 121.5 +5.5 +9.9
+6.0 67.6 +1.0 +11.7
+11.2 108.8 -4.3 +16.2
+2.5 84.9 +1.5 +10.7
+11.3 58.4 +2.0 +22.2
22.09
23.05
21.92
15.09
20.47
23.86
19.69
20.49
21.68
21.17
20.05
20.16
21.40
23.04
22.80
24.01
26.92
22.80
+0.1
+.9
-.9
+5.1
+5.2
+4.9
36.4
37.6
35.4
-0.5
+.8
-1.7
(3)
+1.5
-.9
-.4
-1.2
-.2
+7.9
-2.1
-.8
+.4
+.7
+1.0
+1.8
+2.2
+.3
-1.2
+1.9
-.1
(3)
(3)
-.4
+5.2
+4.0
+9.3
+2.1
+3 1
+4.7
+3.9
+12.6
+8.9
+7.6
+6.5
+1.3
+10.3
+12.2
+5.4
+4.4
+8.1
+10.0
35.7
34.7
38.6
30.3
37.3
38.6
36.0
37.5
36.4
37.0
34.1
37.3
39.2
38.9
37.5
39.9
39.1
36.1
-.3
-1.1
-1.0
+6.7
-2.1
-1.3
+.3
+.5
+1.1
+.3
+1.5
-.3
-1.5
+1.6
+1.4
+.3
-.3
-.3
+1.5
+.7
+8.7
+.5
-2.8
-.3
+8.4
+9.8
+2.9
-2.8
+2.3
-3.2
+. 5
+5. 2
+3.3
-2.6
+.6
+5.4
Cents
57.0 +0.4
60.7 +.5
53.8 +.4
+4.3
+3.2
+6.4
62.0 +.2
66.7 +.2
56.8 +.7
49.3 +1.4
55.0 +.2
61.8 +.5
54.8 (3)
54.6 +.2
59.5 (3)
57.2 +1.6
58.9 +.7
53.7 +.9
54.8 +.4
59.0 -.2
59.7 -1.3
60.6 -.2
68.9 +.4
62.0 -.2
+2.5
+1.9
-1.3
-.2
+5.6
+7.5
-6.3
+2.3
+4.0
+8.6
+4.8
+1.7
+11.7
+4.2
+2.8
+8.3
+6.3
+3.6
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, April 1935— Continued
Employment
Industry
Machinery, not including transportation
equipment— Continued
Engines, turbines,tractors,and waterwheels.
Foundry and machine-shop products.....
Machine tools...................
Radios and phonographs............
Textile machinery and parts..........
Typewriters and parts..............
Transportation equipment........ ...
Aircraft.......................
Automobiles.... ...............
Cars, electric-and steam-railroad.......
Locomotives....................
Shipbuilding....................
Railroad repair shops............-...
Electricrailroad..................
Steam railroad.... ..............
Nonferrous metals and their products---Aluminum manufactures............
Brass, bronze, and copper products......
Clocks and watches and time-recording
devices......................
Jewelry.................. ....
Lighting equipment...............
Silverwareand plated ware...........
Smeltingand refining— copper,lead,and zinc.
Stamped andenameled ware..........
Lumber and allied products...........
Furniture.....................
Lumber:
Millwork...................
Sawmills....................
Turpentine and rosin..............
Percentage Index
Index change
from— April
April
1935
1935
(3-year
(3-year
aver
aver
age March April age
1923-25 1935 1934 1923-25
=100)
=100)
97.5
74.3
81.8
182.4
65.8
93.6
104.8
356.1
119.9
59.1
32.3
74.6
59.9
65.6
52.0
80.9
66.6
81.8
79.9
69.4
70.1
71.7
77.1
97.6
51.7
68.6
39.7
34.8
99.2
+7.3
+1.1
+2.7
-3.5
+1.5
-2.4
+1.2
+8.2
+•4
+13.3
-.4
-.4
-1.3
-.3
-1.3
+.5
-.4
-.2
+1.3
-1.6
+•5
+3.9
+1.9
+.6
+2.2
-.7
+3.8
+3.6
-.6
Pay roll
Percentage
change from—
Per capita weekly
earnings 1
Average hours worked
perweek 2
Percentage
change from—
Average hourly
earnings 2
Percentage
change from—
Percentage
change from—
Aver
Aver
Aver
agein
agein
agein
April
April
April
March April 1935 March April 1935 March April 1935 March April
1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
+40.7 69.6 +8.3 +55.4 $25.46 +0.9 +10.1
+3.8 58.0 +.9 +6.6 22.10 -.2 +3.0
+15.5 67.8 +1.9 +17.5 24.75 -.8 +1.9
-8.9 107.0 -3.3 -1.7 18.63 +.2 +7.9
-12.3 51.6 -1.4 -15.3 21.53 -2.9 -2.4
-8.8 78.0 -2.2 -7.3 21.34 +.2 +1.7
+5.4 102.7 +4.0 +11.1 28.19 +3.4 +5.4
-10.0 291.5 +5.0 -12.2 24.86 -3.0 -2.5
+4.4 117.1 +3.9 +9.0 28.97 +3.5 +4.4
+27.9 65.1 +19.3 +45.3 23.43 +5.4 +14.1
+27.7 15.0 +2.6 +37.6 22.87 +3.1 +7.3
+4.0 62.0 -2.9 +15.0 23.89 -2.4 +10.5
-8.5 50.7 +2.2 -4.3 27.11 +3.6 +4.5
-1.1 60.4 -.4 +2.0 27.28 -.1 +3.2
-9.1 50.1 +2.5 -4.9 27.06 +3.8 +4.6
+5.2 64.4 -.3 +9.3 20.71 -.7 +3.9
-19.0 60.9 -.5 -9.1 21.33 -.2 +12.4
+3.4 64.1 +.1 +7.2 22.35 +.4 +3.9
+13.5 64.9 -1.2 +15.7 18.48 -2.5 +2.0
+4.5 51.4 -4.5 +3.6 18.78 -2.9 -.7
+7.2 59.0 +3.5 +12.8 19.97 +2.9 +5.1
-1.4 51.2 -2.6 (3) 20.10 -6.2 +1.2
+22.8 49.8 +3.0 +28.7 21.22 +1.0 +4.7
+3.8 89.6 -2.0 +10.9 19.39 -2.5 +6.7
+4.7 37.5 +3.3 +12.6 16.35 +1.1 +7.6
+12.8 49.2 -1.1 +22.1 17.11 -.5 +7.9
+.8 27.7 +7.6 +12.6 16.33 +3.7 +11.9
+1.5 23.7 +5.8 +5.3 15.88 +2.1 +3.5
-2.0 57.9 +10.6 +7.8 13.67 +11.2 +9.9
39.2
38.4
40.1
32.9
35.9
37.4
39.4
39.4
40.2
37.2
35.5
32.2
40.2
45.0
39.7
37.7
39.4
38.6
38.0
34.7
36.4
35.5
38.5
37.8
37.2
38.0
36.4
36.4
+1.0
+2.9
-.5
-.9
-2.2
(3)
+2.1
-.5
+2.0
+3.0
+2.0
+.6
-.5
-.2
-.7
-1.3
+1.0
-.5
-3.8
-2.3
+1.7
-5.3
+.5
-2.8
+1.6
-.3
+2.0
+2.2
Cents
+4.6 64.9
+2.6 57.6
-1.2 61.7
-4.7 56.7
-4.6 60.3
-5.6 57.0
+1.2 71.4
-3.9 64.7
+.8 72.1
+5.1 63.3
-.5 64.4
+4.2 73.9
+4.4 67.6
-.4 60.5
-4.9 68.3
+1.6 54.5
+43.5 54.1
+1.9 58.0
-6.0 48.7
-4.3 53.6
+.3 54.9
-4.8 56.2
-1.6 55.0
+1.1 51.0
+4.5 43.9
+7.1 45.1
+8.6 44.8
+3.0 44.0
-0.2
-3.2
-.2
+1.3
-.5
+.4
+1.0
-.2
+1.4
+2.1
+.9
-1.9
+4.2
+. 3
+4.6
+.6
-1.3
+1.0
+1.5
-.4
+1.5
-.5
+.2
+.2
+.5
+.2
+1.8
00
+5.0
+.2
+2.4
+6.8
+2.4
+8.6
+3.8
+7.8
+2.5
+6.8
+7.0
+9.5
+9.4
+5.0
+9.6
+5.4
-.6
+3.1
+9.1
+8.5
+4.7
+5.8
+6.0
+8.0
+.4
-.1
+3.7
-.6
189766— 35
Stone, clay, and glass products.........
Brick, tile,and terracotta...........
Cement.......................
Glass........................
Marble, granite, slate,and otherproducts__
Pottery.......................
Nondurable goods
Textiles and their products
Fabrics.......................
Carpets and rugs...............
Cotton goods.................
Cotton small wares.............
Dyeing and finishingtextiles.......
Hats, fur-felt.................
Knit goods..................
Silk and rayon goods............
Woolen and worsted goods........
Wearing apparel.................
Clothing, men’
s...............
Clothing, women’
s.............
Corsets and alliedgarments........
Men’
sfurnishings... ...........
Millinery...................
Shirtsand collars..............
Leather and itsmanufactures.........
Boots and shoes..................
Leather.......................
Food and kindred products...........
Baking.......................
Beverages......................
Butter........................
Canning and preserving.............
Confectionery...................
Flour........................
Icecream......................
Slaughtering and meat packing........
Sugar, beet.....................
Sugar refining,cane...............
Tobacco manufactures....... ......
Chewing and smoking tobacco and snuff..
Cigars and cigarettes...............
Paper and printing.................
Boxes, paper....................
Paper and pulp..................
Printing and publishing:
Book and job.................
Newspapers and periodicals........
See footnotesatend oftable.
53.2 +3.3
27.6
50.0
94.2
26.5
73.4
97.2
+. 1
+20.3
+. 5
+13.6
+.7
-2.0
-3.8
39.3
-1.9
82.4
16.34
15.41
21.37
12.76
(3) 16.39
19.31
+.9
19.74
+.7
16.44
+1. 3
15.40
-5.8
17.50
+20.0
19.06
+13.5
20.45
+34.4
18.50
+ 5.4
16.19
-2.7
14.26
-4.2
-.8 -9.0 23.94
+3.1
+6.6 13.12
-5.9 -3.7 18.63
17.94
-8.2
-7.0
21.04
-3. 0 +11.6
+3.0 +2.9 20.74
21.51
+2 . 0
+ 4.6
29.62
+4 . 6
+1.8
20.19
+4 . 3
-11.6
13.74
+30.3 +13.2
15.08
-11.3
+4. 7
20.52
-1.5
+2.1
25.42
+5.9
+8.0
-2.4
22.67
+1.1
+15.4
23.51
+7.1
23.35
+9 . 5
+8.2
-2.7 -6.7 13.45
-4.1
-2.1
14.68
13.24
-2.3
-7.6
+6.1 24.20
+. 1
18.54
+3.2
-1. 9
+7. 4
19.95
-1.3
27.35
+8.9
+.1
33.09
+1.5
+3. 7
-3.6
+12.7
-11.0
-2.7
-1.5
- .4
- .2
-9.4
+16.2
+1.8
+7.6
+2.0
-3.0
-1.4
-16.4
-3.7
78.0
74.2
74.0
78.7
95.7
71.2
110.3
59.6
66.5
86.4
82.5
103.9
91.3
76.7
70.0
104.4
90.8
94.5
-1.4
-1.0
-1.5
+1.4
75.1
91.4
111.8
156.0
70.4
70.7
77.6
74.2
69.1
81.5
39.5
83.8
+.9
+3.1
+3. 8
+29.3
-5.6
-1.0
+7. 6
-1.7
+12.5
+3. 5
+.5
-.4
-11.1
-1.7
+3.9
+6.5
-11.8
+5.9
-1.1
95.5
153.6
54.7
78.7
64.7
62.5
55.5
74.3
39.0
76.2
68.7
55.3
-2.8
-1.4
-13.4
-11.9
64.9
40.3
85.7
109.8
-.7
+. 1
+.5
+2.8
78.1
87.3
-.4
+2.8
77.1
90.5
94.7 +2.2
-.9
-2.6
-.4
56.8 -1.7 -12.2
96.9
87.1
99.4
(3)
+.6
19.18
15.11
19.28
20.54
22.46
18.98
+.2
+27.6
+ 1.7
+19.9
+1.9
-3.2
+5.0
-3.8
+. 1
-2.0
+1.0
-.2
-7.2
-5.9
+. 4
+■ 1
+.9
+. 1
-.3
-.8
-(*)
-1.3
+1.3
16.3
31.9
82.7
18.2
53.4
93.3
79.1
91.9
90.6
114.6
84.9
114.3
71.0
87.0
101.8
94.7
134.8
93.8
111.3
69.6
104.3
91.5
+5.1
-9.5
+4.2
-1.8
-18.0
-.7
+1.9
+.4
79.1
85.5
43.1
84.6
-5.1
-6.4
+8.6
-8.1
-1.1
-4.6
-14.4
-3.8
-9.1
-8.3
-2.4
+. 6
-6.6
- . 1
-4.6
-.6
+4. 2
+2.4
-15.3
+6.8
+3.3
-1.6
+35.6
-13.9
+L1
+5.3
+9.5
+• 1
+4.2
+2.9
+8.4
34.9
33.6
34.1
35.2
33.5
36.3
+2.0
+1.8
+7.9
+.6
+4.7
+1.1
+.6
+.8
-2.0
+.8
+.8
-1.9
-3.1
-3.2
+3.4
-4.6
-1.2
-2.6
-15.3
-3.6
-2.1
-2.5
-2.7
+.4
-7.5
-.1
-4.3
+• 1
+3.2
-4.7
-5.7
-2.0
+.9
+1.0
+1.4
+.5
+.7
-6.0
-.4
-1.5
+2.8
-4.8
+5.8
-.9
-1.3
-.9
+.1
-1.3
-1.4
+.4
+.9
+5.3
+2.1
+20.2
-3.2
+2.8
+2.8
+1.1
+1.7
+4.0
+3.4
+11.6
+24.7
+3.3
+. 8
-3.0
+9.2
+10.8
-2.8
-6.7
+10.0
+5.6
+4.1
+2.0
-1.0
+15.3
+.7
+2.7
+1.5
+10.8
+9.3
+9.5
+6.3
+13.1
+5.2
+4.2
+2.7
+4.6
+5.9
+3.1
33.6
34.1
37.1
33.3
36.6
35.7
27.2
34.2
33.9
35.5
32.5
32.7
35.2
32.6
35.9
31.7
35.0
34.3
37.5
38.6
39.9
38.6
32.9
34.2
37.5
44.5
39.9
38.4
40.0
33.2
33.9
33.1
37.4
36.8
38.1
37.2
37.1
-2.6
-3.9
+.3
-5.1
-2.1
-2.2
-17.3
-4.2
-1.7
-1.9
+.3
-.3
+.3
+• 3
+6.8
+3.6
—5.4
-6.3
-2.1
+.3
(3)
+.8
-.9
-5.3
+.3
+.2
+3.4
-1.3
+5.3
-.9
+.3
-1.2
—.8
-2.1
-1.6
-.5
+.5
-.7
-1.7
+8.0
-5.7
+2.0
+1.7
-6.4
-4.4
+4.9
+4.6
+2.1
+12.7
-2.0
-15.7
+7.3
+1.0
-7.1
-9.2
+1.2
+1.9
-1.9
+1.6
+11.1
-3.7
+.1
-1.6
+1.6
+8.7
+1.4
-4.2
+1.9
-5.3
+1.1
-1.5
+1.3
+3.2
-.5
+1.8
+• 1
+6.1
+1.2
+5.5
55.1 (3)
44.6 -2.0
56.7 -1.4
58.8 +.3
67.7 +.6
51.5 +.4
48.3
44.9
56.2
38.3
44.4
53.8
70.7
47.9
45.6
49.3
55.5
62.9
45.3
42.3
65.8
41.0
52.6
51.5
56.5
53.6
53.4
76.5
40.9
44.2
53.6
55.1
56.0
65.2
58.6
40.1
43.5
39.5
68.4
50.6
52.6
74.0
88.2
+4.2
+4.9
+2.9
+3.4
+2.5
+8.6
-.4 +5.9
+.2 +3.8
+1.3 +7.7
+ .5 -1-2.7
+.9
+.3
-.4 +2.7
+1.0 +7.8
+.2 +5.7
+1.5
(3)
-.6 -1.4
-2.3 +8.5
+1.0 +10.3
-.9 -1.9
-1.4 +14.3
+1.1 -2.5
-.2 +16.6
+.6 +3.4
+.6 +3.0
+5.3
(3)
+5.6
+1.1 +6.6
+.3 +1.5
+1.0 +6.3
+6.3
(3)
-.2 +4.0
-3.2 +3.8
-.2 +9.3
-2.2 -6.2
+1.9 +8.0
-.2 +8.9
-1.6 +9.3
+9.6
(3)
+.7 +4.6
+1.2 +4.2
+.4 +4.8
+1.0 +3.9
+.5 +5.3
Table 1.— Employment, Pay Rolls, and Earnings in Manufacturing Industries, April 1935— Continued
Employment
Industry
Chemicals and allied products, and petro
leum refining....................
Other than petroleum refining.........
Chemicals...................
Cottonseed— oil,cake, and meal.....
Druggists' preparations...........
Explosives...................
Fertilizers...................
Paintsand varnishes............
Rayon and alliedproducts.........
Soap......................
Petroleum refining................
Rubber products *.. ...............
Rubber bootsand shoes.............
Rubber goods, other than boots, shoes, tires,
and inner tubes.................
Rubber tiresand inner tubes5.........
Per capita weekly
earnings 1
Pay roll
Average hours worked
per week 2
Average hourly
earnings2
Percentage Index Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change
from— April change from—
change from—
change from—
change from—
April
1935
1935
Aver
Aver
Aver
(3-year
(3-year
age in
age in
age in
aver
aver
April
April
April
age March April age March April 1935 March April 1935 March April 1935 March April
1923-25 1935 1934 1923-25 1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
= 100)
=100)
111.5
112.3
106.9
53.6
98.9
84.6
155.3
109.2
334.9
102.7
108.3
82.5
47.1
126.7
74.9
-1.1
-1.4
+3.4
-28.5
-.1
-4.2
-7.3
+4.8
-4.0
-.6
+.4
-1.0
-9.0
+.5
-.3
-1.6 95.9 -0.2
-2.1 95.6 -.4
-3.5 96.2 +2.7
-23.9 49.4 -34.3
-1.7 97.7 +1.9
-14.7 69.3 -5.0
-14.4 119.9 -8.1
+6.4 91.9 +6.7
+5.0 242.7 -3.8
-1.7 97.0 +1.1
+.5 96.9 +.5
-8.3 71.2 +.8
-15.6 43.8 -12.1
-5.5 106.7 -.4
-8.8 65.4 +4.2
+3.9
+3.5
+.4
-21.0
+5.7
-11.8
-9.2
+10.7
+9.7
+9.2
+5.3
-3.0
-14.8
+1.5
-3.3
$22.43
20.31
24.88
9.63
20.67
23.20
11.17
23.35
19.25
22.62
27.48
23 82
18.36
19.35
27.80
+0.8
+.9
-.7
-8.1
+2.0
—.8
-.8
+1.9
+.2
+1.7
+.1
+1.8
-3.4
-.9
+4.5
+5.5
+5.6
+4.0
+3.9
+7.5
+3.7
+5.9
+4.3
+4.4
+11.1
+4.8
+5.8
+4.1
+7.7
+6.4
2
37.9
39.5
40.1
39.3
34.8
33.2
40.4
37.0
38.3
35.1
34.8
34.9
37.0
33.2
-1.1
-1.6
-.8
-8.9
+1.8
-3.6
-4.9
+2.5
-1.6
-1.3
(3)
+1.2
-4.1
-.3
+3.8
-0.1
+. 1
+4.7
+2.1
+4.3
-3.2
-4.3
-1.5
-2.3
-6.4
-.3
-.8
-6.0
+4.2
-3.2
Cents
59.7
53.3
63.0
24.0
52.8
66.6
33.6
57.8
52.0
59.1
78.7
69.0
52.7
52.8
84.6
+1.9 +6.6
+2.5 +6.4
+1.5
(3)
+.8 +3.4
+• 2 +4.7
+2.8 +6.3
+4.3 +11.6
-.7 +5.1
+ 1.6 +6.7
+3.0 +18.3
+.1 +6.0
+.7 +7.1
+1.0 +6.0
+.2
+.2
+.7 +11.3
1Per capita weekly earnings are computed from figuresfurnished by allreportingestablishments. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes. Percentage changes
over month in the groups and in “
All industries”alsocomputed from indexes.
2Computed from available man-hour data— allreportingestablishments do not furnish man-hours. Percentagechanges over yearcomputed from indexes. The average hours
and average hourly earnings in thegroups and in “
All industries”areweighted.
3No change.
* Less than Ho of1per cent.
8February 1935data revised intablebelow.
Industry
Rubber products....................
Rubber tiresand inner tubes............
Employment
Pay roll
Percentage
change from—
Index
Febru
ary
Febru
1935 Janu
ary ary
1935 1934
Percentage
change from—
Index
Febru
ary
Febru
1935 Janu
ary
ary
1935 1934
83.0 +1.5
75.3 +.8
-1.9
+.9
65.7
+5.7 +13.5
Per capita weekly
earnings
Average hours worked Averagehourlyearnings
per week
Percentage
Aver change from— Aver
age
age
Febru
Febru
ary Janu Febru ary
ary 1935
1935 ary
1935 1934
28.54 +4.8 +12.6
32.9
Percentage
Aver change from—
age
Febru
Janu Febru ary Janu Febru
ary
ary 1935 ary ary
1935 1934
1935 1934
Percentage
change from—
+0.3
+2.6
86.9 +4.3
+11.2
E mployment
Index
Numbers
e Pa y R olls » M anufacturing
3 -y e a r average 1 9 2 3 -1 9 2 ) = 1 0 0
U.S.Depart menl or Labor
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Washington
In d u s t r i e s
Index*
Numbers
11
Long-Time Trend of Factory Employment and Pay Rolls
G e n e r a l indexes of factory employment and pay rolls, based on
the 3-year average 1923-25 as 100, are presented below by months
from January 1929 through April 1935. T h e trend over this period
is illustrated graphically by the chart on the following page which
has been plotted from the indexes given in table 2.
Table %.— General Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Manufacturing
Industries— January 1929 to April 1935
[3-yearaverage, 1923-25=100]
Pay rolls
Employment
Month
January__
February...
March...
April....
May....
June....
July....
August...
September..
October..
November-.
December-.
Average._
1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935
100.8
102.9
104.1
105.3
105.3
105.6
106.1
107.9
109.0
107.7
103.6
99.8
104.8
97.3
97.4
96.9
96.3
94.8
92.9
89.5
88.8
89.6
87.7
84.6
82.3
91.5
79.6
80.3
80.7
80.7
80.1
78.4
77.0
77.1
77.4
74.4
71.8
71.0
77.4
68.7
69.5
68.4
66.1
63.4
61.2
58.9
60.1
63.3
64.4
63.4
62.1
64.1
60.2
61.1
58.8
59.9
62.6
66.9
71.5
76.4
80.0
79.6
76.2
74.4
69.0
73.3 78.7
77.7 81.2
80.8 82.4
82.4 82.4
82.5 ....
81.1 ____
78.7
79.5
75.8
78.4
76.8 ....
78.0
78.8 181.2
102.3
109.3
111.6
112.6
112.9
111.2
107.2
112.0
112.9
112.4
104.1
100.7
109.1
95.9
98.8
98.8
97.7
95.4
92.3
84.3
83.3
84.1
82.2
76.8
75.2
88.7
70.0
74.3
75.6
74.4
73.4
69.7
66.2
65.9
63.4
61.3
58.1
57.6
67.5
53.5
54.6
53.1
49.5
46.8
43.4
39.8
40.6
42.9
44.7
42.9
41.5
46.1
39.5
40.2
37.1
38.8
42.7
47.2
50.8
56.8
59.1
59.4
55.5
54.5
48.5
54.0 61.1
60.6 69.1
64.8 70.7
67.3 70.8
67.1
64.9 ____
60.5
62.2
58.0
61.0
59.5
63.2
61.9 168.7
JAverage for4 months.
Table 3 gives employment and pay-roll indexes for the durable and
nondurable goods groups by months from January 1929 through
M a r c h 1935. These indexes are likewise based on the 3-year average,
1923-25 as 100.
Table 3.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in the Durable and Nondurable
Groups, January 1929 to April 1935
[3-yearaverage 1923-25= 100]
Durable group 1
Employment
Month
Pay rolls
1929 1930 1931 1932 |1933 1934 1935 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935
January__ 99.1
February... 101.7
March... 103.5
April.... 105.3
May.... 106.5
June.... 106.4
July.... 106.3
August... 107.3
September.. 106.8
October-- 105.0
November. _ 100.3
December. _ 95.8
Average._ 103.7
93.1
93.3
93.1
92.8
91.8
89.1
84.7
82.2
81.0
79.6
77.1
74.9
86.1
71.9
72.1
72.2
72.2
71.4
69.5
66.8
65.3
64.5
61.8
60.3
59.7
67.3
See footnotes at end of table.
57.3 45.4
57.8 45.8
56.5 43.9
54.6 44.4
52.9 47.0
50.9 50.7
48.5 55.3
46.9 60.1
47.3 63.4
47.7 63.2
48.1 61.2
47.3 60.7
51.3j 53.4
59.8 66.1 100.0
63.5 69.3 109.0
67.1 70.8 112.0
70.0 71.6 114.7
71.5
115.8
70.8
112.9
67.4
107.1
66.1
112.6
64.2
111.7
62.8
111.1
62.2
101.7
64.3!--- 96.7
65.8 269.5| 108.8
90.1 59.8
94.6 64.4
95.1 65.7
95.3 65.1
93.3 64.1
89.1 59.4
78.1 54.3
75.6 52.9
74.7 49.6
73.7 48.5
68.4 46.4
66.4 45.8
82.91 56.3
41.3
42.0
40.4
38.0
37.0
33.3
29.8
28.2
27.9
29.8
30.0
29.4
33.9
27.6
27.7
25.3
26.6
30.8
34.7
38.0
43.9
44.7
45.4
42.5
42.3
35.8
41.6 52.5
47.9 58.6
52.8 60.5
57.4 61.8
58.6
56.9
49.9
50.0
45.5
46.4
46.1
50.4
50.3 258.4
12
Table 3.— Indexes ofrEmployment and Pay Rolls in the Durable and Nondurable
Groups, January 1929 to April 1935— Continued
Nondurable group 3
Pay rolls
Employment
Month
January-February...
March...
April....
May....
June....
July....
August...
September..
October..
November..
December- _
Average.-
1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935
102.7
104.3
104.9
105.4
104.1
104.7
105.8
108.6
111.4
110.6
107.1
104.0
106.1
101.8
101.7
100.9
100.1
98.0
96.9
94.7
95.9
98.9
96.5
92.7
90.1
97.4
87.8 80.9
89.0 82.2
90.0 81.2
89.8 78.5
89.3 74.8
88.0 72.4
88.2 70.1
89.8 74.2
91.1 80.4
88.0 82.3
84.2 79.9
83.0| 77.8
88.2 77.9j
76.0
77.6
74.7
76.5
79.3
84.3
88.9
93.9
97.8
97.2
92.2
89.1
85.6,
87.9 92.3
93.0 94.1
95.4 94.8
95.8 94.0
94.3 _ _ _
92.3
90.8 ...
94.0
88.2
95.1
92.4
92.7
92.7 293.8
105.3
109.8
111.0
110.2
109.3
109.1
107.3
111.3
114.4
114.2
107.4
105.8
109.6
103.2
104.1
103.5
100.8
98.3
96.5
92.3
93.2
96.0
93.0
87.4
86.5
96.2
83.0
86.9
88.3
86.3
85.2
82.7
81.3
82.5
80.8
77.6
73.0
72.5
81.7
69.1
70.7
69.2
64.0
59.3
56.2
52.6
56.3
61.8
63.6
59.2
56.9
61.6
54.5
56.2
52.1
54.4
57.9
63.1
67.0
73.3
77.6
77.3
72.1
70.1
64.6
69.7 79.0
76.9 82.5
80.1 83.8
80.0 82.3
78.1
75.1
73.9
77.8
74.0 . . . . .
79.6
76.6
79.5i. . . . .
76.8 281.9
1Includes the following groups ofmanufacturing industries: Iron and steel; machinery; transportation
fequipment; railroad repair shops; nonferrous metals; lumber and allied products; and stone, clay, and
.glassproduots.
2 Average for4 months.
sIncludes remaining groups of manufacturing industries not shown under footnote 1.
Estimated N u m b e r of W a g e Earners and Total We ek ly P ay Rolls
T h e adjustment of the Bureau's indexes of factory employment
and pay rolls to conform with the trend shown by census totals through
1931 makes possible more accurate estimates each m o n t h of the n u m
ber of wage earners and the total pay rolls in the manufacturing
industries. Thus, the general employment index of 82.4 for April
means that there were an estimated 6,906,100 workers on jobs in
factories in that month. T h e corresponding pay-roll index, 70.8,
represents an estimated weekly wage disbursement of $144,075,000.
T h e estimated n u m b e r of wage earners and a m o u n t of weekly pay
rolls in all manufacturing industries combined and in the 14 major
groups and the 2 textile subgroups into which these manufacturing
industries have been classified are shown in table 4. This table gives
the average n u m b e r of wage earners and weekly pay rolls for the
index base period, 1923-25, for the years 1929 to 1934, inclusive, and
for the months January through April 1935. These estimates have
been computed b y multiplying the weighting factors of the several
groups of industries (number employed or weekly pay roll in the
index base period, 1923-25), by the Bureau’
s index numbers of e m
ployment or pay rolls (which have been adjusted to conform with
the census trends over the period 1919-31), and dividing by 100.
D a t a are not available for all groups over the entire period shown.
T h e totals for all manufacturing industries combined have been ad
justed to include all groups. T h e estimated total employment and
weekly pay rolls combined for all manufacturing industries do not
13
include the manufactured-gas industry (which is included in the
Bureau’
s electric light and power and manufactured-gas industry) or
the motion-picture industry.
Table 4.— Estimated Number of Wage Earners and Weekly Wages in All M a n u
facturing Industries Combined and in Industry Groups
Iron and steeland
theirproducts
Total manufacturing
Year and month
Employ
ment
1923-25average..........
192 9
193 0
193 1
193 2
193 3
1934.................
1935: January...........
February..........
March............
April............
Weekly
pay rolls
Employ Weekly Employ Weekly
pay rolls ment pay rolls
ment
8.381.700 $203,476,000
8,785,600 221.937.000
7.668.400 180.507.000
6.484.300 137.256.000
5,374,200 93.757.000
5.778.400 98.623.000
6.600,100 126,012,000
6.595.700 130.503.000
6,809,000 140.618.000
6.906.300 143.927.000
6,906,100 144.075.000
Transportation
equipment
Machinery, not in
cluding transporta
tionequipment
859.100 $24,658,000 878.100 $23,655,000
881,000 26.568.000 1,105,700 31.761.000
766,200 21.126.000 918,700 24.197.000
598.400 13.562.000 687.000 15.135.000
458.100 7.164.000 494,600 8.546.000
503.400 8.925.000 517.100 8.975.000
592.800 12.074.000 682,200 13.525.000
582,500 12.798.000 699.000 14.382.000
607.400 14.548.000 720.000 15.163.000
616.800 14.622.000 738,500 15.825.000
620,300 14.647.000 747,300 15.991.000
|
; Railroad repairshops
Nonferrous metals
and their products
Year and month
Employ
ment
563.500
583.200
451.800
373.800
315.700
305.600
467.200
520.700
568.600
583.800
590.500
1923-25average..........
192 9
193 0
193 1
193 2
193 3
193 4
1935: January...........
February..........
March.......— ...
April............
Weekly
pay rolls
$17,214,000
18.136.000
12.076.000
9.008.000
7.012.000
6.799.000
11,800,000
13.668.000
16.302.000
1(5,904,000
17.679.000
Lumber and allied
products
Employ Weekly Employ Weekly
ment
pay rolls ment pay rolls
482,100 $13,563,000
398,200 12.255.000
353.800 10.316.000
309.000 8.366.000
257.400 5.793.000
250,600 5.652.000
267.400 6.528.000
248.800 5.941.000
255.000 6.510.000
258.400 6.727.000
255.000 6.876.000
Stone, clay, and glass
products
Year and month
Employ
ment
1923-25average..........
192 9
193 0
193 1
193 2
193 3
.....
193 4
1935: January...........
February..........
March............
April............
iComparable data not available.
282,600
0)
(0
209.000
164.200
175.200
210.000
214.500
223,800
227.500
228,600
$7,329,000
0)
0)
4.622.000
2.865.000
3.039.000
4.105.000
4.280.000
4.647.000
4.735.000
4.720.000
Textilesand their
products
Fabrics
■Weekly Employ Weekly Employ Weekly
pay roll's
pay rolls ment pay rolls
ment
918.400 $18,523,000
876,500 18,062,000
699.400 13,464,000
516,900 8.641.000
377.800 4.650.000
406,100 4.900.000
447.400 6,062,OCX)
432,600 5.872.000
453.700 (j,446,000
464.700 6.724.000
474.800 6.946.000
350.300
328.500
280,800
222,800
156.000
157.500
185.000
165.300
173,700
180.400
186.400
$8,878,000
8.323.000
6.828.000
4.786.000
2,588,000
2.455.000
3.153.000
2.805.000
3.090.000
3.320.000
3.489.000
1.105.600 $20,368,000
1,095,900 20.251.000
950,400 16.167.000
886,700 14.308.000
794,100 10.367.000
952,600 12.664.000
989,300 14.448.000
1,059,200 16.742.000
1.074.600 17.211.000
1,065,800 16.967.000
1,031,500 15.887.000
14
Table 4.— Estimated Number of Wage Earners and Weekly Wages in All M a n u
facturing Industries Combined and in Industry Groups— Continued
Textilesand theirproducts— Continued
Year and month
Wearing apparel
Employ
ment
1923-25average..........
192 9
193 0
193 1
193 2
193 3
1934
1935: January...........
February..........
March............
April.............
Weekly
pay rolls
Year and month
Employ
ment
1923-25average..........
192 9
193 0
193 1
193 3
1934
1935: January...........
February..........
March............
April............
Employ Weekly Employ Weekly
ment
pay rolls ment pay rolls
474.100 $10,336,000 1.629.400
536.700 11,476,000 1,706,900
497.700 9.680.000 1.513.000
472,000 8.338.000 1.421.000
401.800 5,733,000 1.250.300
418.100 5.757.000 1,432,700
432.100 6.992.000 1,485,900
423.800 6.884.000 1,551,200
458,900 8.217.000 1.603.300
480,700 9.147.000 1.616.400
482,600 8.930.000 1,583,800
Food and kindred
products
668,300
753.500
731.100
650.500
577.100
631.000
711.700
630.700
627.000
619,300
632.700
Weekly
pay rolls
$31,676,000
33.321.000
27.115.000
23.799.000
16.947.000
19.394.000
22.564.000
24.866.000
26,766,000
27.495.000
26.101.000
1923-25average
192 9
193 0
193 1
193 2
193 3
193 4
1935: January..
February.
March....
April__
323.500
318,600
295,100
272,800
255.500
269,400
284.000
285,700
296,300
299,900
296.000
$6,986,000
6.915.000
5.748.000
5.035.000
4.060.000
4.394.000
5.164.000
5.337.000
5.763.000
5.875.000
5.526.000
Tobacco manufactures Paper and printing
Employ Weekly Employ Weekly
ment
pay rolls ment pay rolls
$15,240,000
17.344.000
16.593.000
14.173.000
11.308.000
11.604.000
14.080.000
12.696.000
12.717.000
12,648,000
13.030.000
138,400
116.100
108,300
99.700
88.600
82.700
86.700
78,200
79,300
80,000
78,600
$2,225,000
1.819.000
1.617.000
1.336.000
1.052.000
944.000
1.049.000
923.000
908.000
986.000
959.000
Chemicals and allied
products
Year and month
Leather and itsman
ufactures
Group
Employ
ment
333.000
384.800
364.700
316.800
279.700
315.400
361,600
361.000
364.300
375.400
371.300
Weekly
pay rolls
$8,321,000
10,068,000
9.334.000
7.643.000
5.861.000
6.179.000
7.437.000
7.620.000
7.751.000
7.997.000
7.980.000
531.100
591,500
574.100
511,800
451.700
458,400
503.700
507.700
513.600
514.600
514.600
$14,865,000
17.771.000
17.036.000
14.461.000
U, 126.000
10.299.000
11.829.000
12.397.000
12.501.000
12.561.000
12.576.000
Rubber products
Employ
ment
134.300
149,100
115,500
99,200
87,800
99,300
111.300
109.900
111,500
111.900
110,800
Weekly
pay rolls
$3,468,000
3.986.000
2.934.000
2.165.000
1.555.000
1.740.000
2.207.000
2.407.000
2.493.000
2.448.000
2.469.000
15
Trade, Public Utility, Mining, a n d Service Industries
G a i n s in employment from M a r c h to April were show n in 11 of
the 16 trade, public-utility, mining, and service industries which are
surveyed each m o n t h by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, while in
creases in pay rolls were sh own in 8. T h e changes, for the most part,
followed the usual seasonal pattern. Reports from 54,543 retailtrade establishments employing 879,495 workers in April 1935 showed
gains over M a r c h in employment and pay rolls of 4.2 percent and 3.5
percent, respectively. These changes represent the reemployment of
more than 131,000 workers and an increase of over $1,900,000 in the
weekly wage bill. T h e general merchandising group of retail-trade
establishments showed seasonal gains of 6.5 percent in employment
and 4.6 percent in pay rolls, while the remaining 50,985 establishments
in other fields of retail trade showed smaller gains, 3.5 percent in e m
ployment and 3.1 percent in pay rolls. O n the other hand, reports
in April from 16,820 wholesale-trade establishments with 296,015
workers indicated decreases from M a r c h of 1 percent in employment
and 0.6 percent in pay rolls, this being due largely to seasonal reces
sions a m o n g wholesalers of leaf tobacco and packers and shippers of
fruit and vegetables. Expressed in concrete numbers, these percent
ages represent 12,800 fewer workers and $231,000 less in weekly wages.
Bituminous coal mines also showed a seasonal falling off in n u m b e r of
workers and weekly w^ages, the decreases being 9 percent in employ
ment, or more than 33,000 wTage earners, and 33.3 percent in pay rolls,
or nearly $2,500,000. In the aggregate, the 16 industries combined
had 97,400 more workers on their rolls in April than in March, but
their weekly pay rolls were almost $800,000 less.
Table 5 shows indexes of employment and pay rolls, per capita
weekly earnings, average hours worked per week, and average hourly
earnings in April for 13 of these industries, together with percentage
changes from M a r c h 1935 and April 1934. M an- h o u r data and in
dexes of employment and pay rolls are not available for banking,
brokerage, and insurance establishments, but the table shows per
centage changes in employment, pay rolls, and per capita weekly
earnings for these three industries.
T h e publication of figures concerning employment in real-estate
establishments has been discontinued until a considerable increase in
coverage can be effected.
1397 6 6 — 35---- 3
Table 5.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings, April 1935
Pay roll
Employment
Industry
Coal mining:
Anthracite.............. .......
Bituminous....................
Metalliferous mining.................
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining.........
Crude petroleum producing.............
Public utilities:
Telephone and telegraph............
Electric light and power and manufactured
gas.........................
Electric-railroadand motor-busoperationand
maintenance...................
Trade:
Wholesale.....................
Retail........................
General merchandising...........
Other than genenl merchandising....
Hotels (cashpayments only) 3...........
Laundries........................
Dyeing and cleaning.................
Banks..........................
Brokerage........................
Insurance......................................
Per capitaweekly
earnings1
Average hours worked Average hourlyearnings*
per week1
Percentage
Percentage Index Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
Index change
change from—
change from—
change from—
from— April change from—
April
Aver
Aver
Aver
1935
1935
age in
age in
age in
(aver
(aver
April
April
age March April age March April April
March
April
March
1
935
April
1935
1935 March April
1929= 1935 1934 1929= 1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
1935 1934
100)
100)
52.6
74.3
46.0
45.3
74.9
G9.7
82.6
71.4
83.2
83.6
94.5
80.7
85.5
80.0
79.9
(4)
(4)
(*)
+2.3
-9.0
+2.3
+11.8
+1.1
-.2
+.4
+.2
-1.0
+4.2
+6.5
+3.5
-1.1
+•4
+10.2
+.2
-1.2
+.2
-9.6
+2.9
+10.3
-7.0
+1.2
-.7
+.2
-1.1
+1.3
+1.3
+3.8
+.5
-1.3
-.6
(*)
+1.0
-24.5
+.6
49.9
45.0
31.8
28.9
56.7
73.1
79.0
63.3
64.8
62.5
77.5
59.4
67.1
65.5
61.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
+28.1 -3.5
-33.3 -12.5
+3.1 +16.9
+15.9 -3.3
+1.2 +6.2
-3.0 +6.3
-.0
+2.9
-.2 +.6
-.6 +2.7
+3.5 +2.1
+4.6 +4.7
+3.1 +1.5
-1.6 +.9
+1.4 +1.7
+15.7 +1.8
+.3 +1.1
-1.1 -27.6
-1.6 +1.5
$27.64
15.58
22.42
16.08
29.27
27.80
30.39
28.17
26.97
20.25
17.55
22.30
13.64
15.53
18.81
31.77
34.55
36.38
+25.1
-26.6
+.8
+3.6
+.1
-2.8
-1.0
-.4
+.4
-1.0
-1.7
-.3
-.6
+.9
+5.0
+.1
+.1
-1.9
+6.9
-14.9
+6.0
+3.9
+4.8
+7.0
+2.6
+1.8
+1.3
+.8
+.9
+1.0
+2.2
+2.4
+1.8
(2)
-4.1
+.9
34.0
21.4
37.8
33.5
35.5
38.1
39.4
45.3
41.1
41.1
38.2
42.0
47.8
40.5
42.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
+25.0 -0.4
-29.4 -19.1
-.8 (2)
+1.8 -1.0
+1.1 -1.7
-1.0 +2.1
-.8 +.6
-2.6
(2)
+.7
(2)
-.2 +3.0
+.3 -1.5
-.2 +4.1
-1.0 +. 6
+.2 +2.8
+2.7 +1.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
Cents
82.5
73.2
58.5
47.9
78.6
75.0
77.2
61.4
65.6
52.6
47.3
54.2
28.0
36.8
44.5
(')
(4)
(4)
+1.4
+3.0
+1.6
+1.5
-2.0
-1.8
(2)
-.2
+.6
-.4
-2.1
+.2
+.4
+.8
+2.3
(4)
(*)
(«)
+2.6
+7.0
+5.5
+4.3
+3.9
+7.8
+4.0
+3.9
-.7
+1.0
+2.3
+.7
-.1
-1.1
+1.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
1Per capitaweekly earningsarecomputed from figuresfurnishedby allreportingestablishments. Average hoursand averagehourlyearningsarecomputed fromdatafurnished
by a smallernumber ofestablishments assome firmsdo not reportman-hour information. Percentage changes over year computed from indexes.
2No change.
3The additional value ofboard, room, and tipscannot be computed.
* Not available.
17
Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls in Trade, Public Utility, Mining,
and Service Industries
In d e x e s of employment and pay rolls in 13 trade, public utility,
mining, and service industries and 2 subdivisions under retail trade
are presented b y months, January 1932 to April 1935, in table 6.
T h e indexes for wholesale and retail trade have recently been re
vised to conform with the trends indicated b y the 1929 and 1933
census averages. T h e indexes for “total retail trade” have been
computed by weighting the indexes of the two subgroups, “general
merchandising”and “other than general merchandising.”
Table 6.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1932 to April 1935
[12-month average, 1929=100]
Anthracite mining
Month
Employment
Bituminous-coal mining
Pay rolls
Employment
Pay rolls
1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935
January____
February...
March.....
April.....
May......
June......
July......
August....
September..
October....
November..
December..
Average.
76.2
71.2
73.7
70.1
66.9
53.0
44.5
49.2
55.8
63.9
62.7
62.3
62.5
52.5
58.7
54.6
51.6
43.2
39.5
43.8
47.7
56.8
56.9
61.0
54.5
51.7
64.1 62.9 61.5
63.2 64.4 57.3
67.5 51.4 61.2
58.2 52.6 72.0
63.8
58.0
57.5
37.4
53.6
34.5
41.4
49.5
56.9
47.0
58.5
66.7
51.0
60.7
56.2
61.6
!
59.6*57.8 53.7
43.2 73.2 57.5
56.8 65.8 64.3
48.8 82.4 38.9
37.4 51.7 49.9
30.0 64.0
34.3 53.3
38.2 42.3
46.6 39.7
60.7 47.0
61.6 48.3
47.8 51.2 -HI
44.3 52.3
45.8 55.9152.7
j
Metalliferousmining
January....
February...
March......
April......
May......
June......
July......
August.....
September..
October....
November..
December..
Average.
49.3 32.4 39.6 44.3
46.9 31.5 40.3 44.3
45.0 30.0 39.8 45.0
43.3 29.4 41.7 46.0
38.3 30.0 40.8
32.2 31.5 41.0
29.5 33.0 39.9
28.6 36.8 42.7
29.3 38.9 42.3
30.5 40.7 43.3
31.9 40.6 43.2 :::::
33.3 40.6 44.4
36.5 34.6 41.6144.9
29.7
27.8
26.5
25.0
23.8
20.1
16.9
16.5
17.0
18.0
18.7
18.7
21.6
54.9 57.2 73.2 74.9 46.5
54.4 57.0 72.4 74.2 46.9
51.4 56.5 72.8 74.0 43.2
54.9 56.8 74.0 74.9 44.5
47.1
54.5 56.9 76.7
54.2 58.0 80.0
44.8
55.4 59.5 81.6
44.6
57.4 60.8 82.7
42.9
56.2 66.2 81.8 .. 41.9
42.5
56.8 70.6 79.5
42.4
56.5 72.2 78.8
57.2 75.0 78.7
41.7
55.3 62.2 77.7174.5 44.1
i
i
1Average for4months.
18.1 25.4 30.1
17.8 26.0 29.9
17.4 25.9 30.9
16.4 27.2 31.8
17.0 25.6
18.3 26.7
19.0 25.1
21.9 27.0
23.9 25.9
25.9 28.2
25.6 28.5 :::::
26.2 29.4
20.6 26.7 130.7
39.9
41.7
42.5
40.1
41.6
40.6
42.2
42.5
44.4
50.1
50.3
53.2
44.1
69.8
69.3
67.6
63.7
61.2
61.3
63.2
68.6
71.8
68.0
74.8
75.4
67.9
75.8 80.0
76.1 81.1
77.8 81.6
72.2 74.3
76.7
76.7
77.0
77.1
78.2
79.3 :::::
79.8
79.7
77.2 179.3
47.0 36.1 51.3 59.6
47.0 37.2 54.6 66.1
46.8 30.7 58.9 67.5
33.9 26.6 51.4 45.0
30.7 26.9 54.4
27.3 29.2 55.1
24.4 33.6 49.7
26.4 43.3 50.4
30.2 44.1 51.4
37.8 44.1 57.6 :::::
38.0 50.7 58.3
37.7 50.8 57.0
35.6 37.8 54.2 159.6
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Crude-petrolcum producing
January....
February...
March.....
April......
Mav__
June......
July......
August....
September..
October....
November..
December..
Average.
80.8
77.4
75.2
65.5
62.6
60.5
58.6
59.4
62.4
67.0
69.4
70.0
67.4
53.0 55.5
50.5 54.9
52.5 56.0
53.4 56.7
56.4
56.9
60.0
61.2
59.7
60.8 :::::
59.0
59.5
56.9*55.8
48.9 35.1 39.7 36.9 30.2 18.1 21.3 20.8
47.4 34.8 38.8 37.3 29.6 17.4 21.0 22.2
46.0 35.1 42.0 40.5 28.7 17.8 24.1 24.9
48.6 39.3 48.7 45.3 30.0 20.2 29.9 28.9
50.6 43.4 54.3
32.3 23.8 35.0
49.5 47.3 56.6
30.0 27.5 37.0
49.5 49.5 55.6
29.1 28.4 35.0
51.1 51.6 54.7
29.7 29.9 34.0
52.4 52.6 53.3
30.5 29.3 32.4
52.4 53.2 51.8
30.1 31.2 32.1
49.4 51.1 49.5 ::::: 27.1 28.3 29.4 :::::
42.3 45.3 42.1
22.1 24.4 23.6
49.0 44.9 48.9140.0, 29.1 24.7 29.6124.2
!
Telephone and telegraph
83.0
82.0
81.7
81.2
80.6
79.9
79.1
78.1
77.4
70.2
75.5
74.8
79.1
74.6 70.2 70.5
73.9 69.8 70.0
73.2 70.0 69.8
72.3 70.2 69.7
70.1 70.2
69.2 70.4
68.5 71.0j
68.1 71.0|
68.3 70.9,
68.7 70.3j
68.9 69.91
69.4 69.7
70.4| 70.3|i70.0
89.1
89.6
88.2
83.4
82.8
82.1
79.6
79.1
75.9
75.7
74.3
73.5
81.1
71.71 69.0 73.9
71.9| 67.9 72.9
71.6 70.4 75.3
67.8 68.8 73.1
68.5 71.4
66.6 71.3
66.7 72.3
66.1 74.0
64.6 72.2
67.0 74.9
67.7 72.2
67.7 73.2
68.2 71.5 173.8
18
Table 6.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1932 to April 1935Continued
Month
Electriclightand power and manufactured Electric-railroad and motor-bus operation
gas
and maintenance2
Employment
Pay rolls
Pay rolls
Employment
1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935
January..
February.
March___
April... .
May... .
June... .
July.....
August__
September—
October..
November__
December__
Average.
80.7
79.7
78.6
77.6
76.6
75.6
75.2
74.9
75.6
76.2
76.0
75.4
76.8
82.2 82.7 88.4 73.0 73.8 78.0 79.5 70.6 70.5 71.2 75.4 60.9 59.2 62.9
81.2 82.2 86.0 71.6 74.4 78.3 78.9 70.4 71.0 71.0 74.8 60.6 60.1 63.1
81.7 82.2 85.4 71.9 75.6 79.4 77.6 69.8 71.7 71.3 73.6 59.4 62.2 63.4
82.4 82.6 82.4 69.4 76.8 79.0 78.0 69.5 72.2 71.4 71.8 58.1 62.9 63.3
83.1 __ 84.2 69.9 77.6 __ 76.9 69.1 72.6 __ 72.2 58.2 63.0 __
84.0 __ 80.5 69.9 77.8 __ 76.5 69.3 73.2
70.2 58.0 63.2 __
85.0 __ 78.7 70.0 81.1 __ 75.6 69.4 73.1
66.4 57.4 63.8 _____
85.6 __ 76.7 70.9 79.9
74.1 69.5 72.8 __ 63.8 58.2 62.8 _____
85.8 __ 74.7 71.8 79.3 __ 73.5 69.7'72.5 __ 62.5 57.8 62.4
85.8 __ 74.4 76.2 80.6 __ 72.3 70.6:72.2
61.5 59.8 63.0
85.5 __ 73.2 74.5 79.6 __ 71.8;71.0,71.8 __ 61.7 59.4 61.8 __
83.6 .. 73.2:74.4 78.3 -- 71.4 70.8 71.0-- 61.9 59.6 62.3
83.8182.4 79.8 72.0
75.5
!72.1 171.2 68.0 58.9 62.2>63.2
I77'9
i
l 1
Wholesale trade
Total retailtrade
ij iI |
i
73.6i80.6!!84.2 71.8 58.3 60.3I63.9 80.3:j72.1 79.8|79.5|71.9 54.7 59.0 59.7
72.4;81.2 84.6 70.1!55.1 61.0 64.6 78.3170.4 79.6 79.2 69.1 51.8 58.8 59.3
71.3 81.8 84.0 68.8;53.5 62.0 65.2 78.6I68.9 81.5 80.2i68.5 49.0 59.8 60.4
71.5 82.1 83.2 66.3,52.4 63.1 64.8 78.7173.3:82.5 83.6!67.7 52.0 61.2 62.5
72.2 82.8
67.1j53.8 62.6 __ 77.2 72.1 82.9
I65.5 51.3 61.5
73.9 82.3 __ 63.5!53.7 62.8 __ 76.3 73.2 82.6
62.7 52.2 61.4 __
75.1 82.2 __ 61.91 55.5 63.8 __ 73.1 71.0 79.01.. 59.2 51.0 60.1 __
77.9 82.5 __ 60.3 57.2 62.7 __ 71.8 75.4 77.8
56.9 54.9 58.4
80.3 83.5 __ 60.1 58.7 63.6 __ 74.2 80.6 81.7 __ 58.3 58.7 60.6 __
81.7 84.3 __ 60.8 62.4 64.5 __ 76.3 83.3 82.6 __ 59.7 61.6 61.9 __
81.6 85.1 __ 60.1 60.5 64.2___ 75.4 83.9 83.7
58.6 61.4 61.9
81.5 85.0 .. 59.3 60.9 64.8 .. 80.9 89.1 91.1 .. 60.4 64.0 66.2 ..
76.1 82.8»84.0 64.2 56.8 63.0164.6 76.8 76.1 82.1180.6 63.2 55.2 60.9160.5
77.7
77.4
76.9
76.9
76.9
77.3
77.5
78.1
80.3
82.2
82.6
81.8
78.8
Retail trade— general merchandising
January.... 84.8 76.4 86.6 87.3 78.1
February... 81.2 73.0 85.0 86.2 73.1
March_____ 82.6 70.7 90.1 88.7 73.1
April...... 82.7 80.7 91.0 94.5 72.3
70.5
May______ 82.1 78.5 92.0
67.6
June.. ... 80.3 79.9 90.6
July...... 74.1 74.7 83.0 ___ 61.3
58.5
August.... 71.5 78.4 81.2 ___
September.. 78.7 89.0 91.5 ___ 64.3
October.... 83.7 93.6 94.2 ___ 67.7
November.. 84.6 97.0 99.9 ___ 67.9
December.. 104.7118.9128.4 .. 79.2
Average. 82.6 84.2 92.8189.2 69.5
1
61.4
57.1
53.4
60.8
59.3
60.6
56.4
62.4
71.8
75.3
76.1
90.1
65.4
71.1 73.5
68.9 72.3
71.5 74.1
74.0 77.5
74.5
73.9
69.5 ___
66.9 ___
74.0 ___
77.3 ___
80.2 ___
99.0 ...
75.1174.4
p
o
89.3
87.2
85.5
84.8
84.0
83.2
82.3
81.5
81.0
79.9
79.1
78.4
83.0
00
January...
February..
March....
April.....
May.....
June__ ___
July......
August....
September__
October...
November__
December__
Average,
Retail trade— other than general
merchandising
79.1 71.0 78.0 77.4
77.6 69.7 78.2 77.3
77.5 68.4 79.3 78.0
77.6 71.3 80.3 80.7
75.9 70.4 80.5
75.2 71.5 80.5
72.8 70.0 77.9 ___
71.9 74.6 76.9 ___
73.0 78.4 79.1 ___
74.3 80.6 79.5 ___
73.0 80.4 79.4 ___
74.6 81.3 81.3 ..
75.2 74.0 79.2178.4
70.6
68.3
67.5
66.7
64.5
61.7
58.8
56.6
57.1
58.1
56.7
56.5
61.9
53.3
50.7
48.1
50.2
49.7
50.5
49.9
53.4
56.0
58.8
58.3
58.6
53.1
56.5 56.9
56.7 56.6
57.4 57.6
58.5 59.4
58.8
58.8
58.2 ___
56.6 ___
57.8 __
58.7 ___
58.1
59.4 ...
58.0157.6
*Average for4months.
2 Not including electric-railroad car building and repairing; see transportation equipment and railroad,
repair-shopgroups, manufacturing industries, table 1.
19
Table 6.— Indexes of Employment and Pay Rolls, January 1932 to April 1935—
Continued
Hotels
Month
Employment
Laundries
Pay rolls
Employment
Pay rolls
1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935 1932 1933 1934 1935
January....
February___
March_____
April______
May__....
June......
July......
August....
September__
October....
November..
December..
Average.
83.2
84.3
84 0
82.7
80.1
78.0
78.4
77.6
77.0
75.4
74.3
73.2
79.0
73.8
73.8
72.4
71.9
71.9
73.6
75.6
77.1
78.7
77.0
75.8
77.6
74.9
81.5 85.4 73.9
84.8 86.7 73.9
86.4 86.5 72.4
86.6 85.5 69.6
67.0
85.7
86.2
63.8
86.3
61.8
86.2
59.6
84.4
59.1
84.2
58.6
83.7
57.5
83.3
56.6
84.9;186.0 64.5
! i
55.7 60.8 66.0
55.9 65.2 67.8
53.5 66.6 68.2
51.7 66.5 67.1
51.8 65.9
52.3 66.2
53.3 65.6
54.0 64.5
55.6 64.3
56.2 65.3
55.2 64.9
57.6 64.9
54.4j65.1167.3
88.2
86.3
85.4
85.4
84.8
84.4
83.6
82.2
81.9
80.7
79.4
79.1
83.5
78.6 78.5 79.6
77.5 78.4 79.6
76.1 79.2 79.7
76.5 80.5 80.0
76.6 82.1
79.2 84.0
79.5 84.6
81.1 83.7
82.6 82.9
81.3 81.7
78.4 80.3
78.4179.5
78.8j 81.3 179.7
1 i
80.0
76.7
75.0
74.7
73.9
71.8
69.4
66.9
65.8
64.1
61.9
61.4
70.1
60.7 61.7 63.9
58.1 61.7 64.1
55.4 62.7 64.6
56.6 64.4 65.5
57.1 66.9
59.4 68.3
58.7 68.2
60.3 66.6
63.5 65.9
62.5 64.8
60.7 63.7
61.1 63.3
59.5 64.9 »64.5
1
Dyeing and cleaning
January....
February...
March.....
April......
May__... .
June......
July......
August....
September__
October....
November..
December__
Average.
75.8 67.4 68.1 70.3
74.4 65.6 68.1 69.6
74.4 65.8'72.4 72.5
76.9 74.9 79.9 79.9
78.0 75.7 84.3
78.6 79.1 84.9
76.1 76.6 80.5
73.4 76.8 78.6
76.9 81.9 80.0
76.0 81.6 80.3
72.0 76.1 75.8
69.5 70.5 72.4
75.2!74.3 77.1 173.1
!
iAverage for4 months.
62.4 44.2
59.0 40.2
58.5 38.9
62.5 51.7
63.8 51.0
62.4 53.7
56.9 50.0
53.4 50.0
57.9 57.1
55.8 57.4
49.6 52.5
45.9 47.3
57.3 49.5
46.8 50.4
46.3 49.8
51.7 53.5
60.8 61.9
65.1
64.1
58.9
56.7
59.0
59.1
53.9
51.1.. 1...
56.1153.9!1 ij__
Em ploym ent in Building C o n stru ctio n
R e p o r t s from 10,395 firms engaged on public projects not financed
from Public W o r k s Administration funds and in private building
construction show that in April 1935 employment increased 11 percent
and pay rolls increased 12.1 percent compared with the previous
month. In comparison with the corresponding m o n t h of last year,
employment in April shows a decrease of 0.6 percent and pay rolls an
increase of 1.4 percent.
In April the weekly pay roll for 77,025 workers amounted to
$1,771,815 as compared with $1,580,222 earned by 69,366 workers
employed by the same contractors in March. T h e average weekly
earnings were $23 in April and $22.78 in March. These are per
capita weekly earnings, computed by dividing the total a m o u n t of
the weekly pay roll by the total n u m b e r of employees— part-time as
well as full-time.
Reports from 10,001 firms, 96.2 percent of the 10,395 cooperating
firms, show that in April 71,318 m e n worked 2,025,584 hours and
earned $1,660,780 as compared with $1,471,900 earned in 1,775,552
hours b y 64,350 workers employed by the identical firms in March.
T h e average hours per week were 28.4 in April and 27.6 in March.
20
Average hourly earnings amounted to 82 cents in April and 82.9 cents
in March. For all localities covered in the survey these averages are
computed from the reports of those firms which included man-hour
data.
Table 7 summarizes the replies of the 10,395 firms which reported
to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in April. Workers of all trades
engaged for erecting, altering, or repairing buildings are included in
the table. W o r k on roads, bridges, and docks is omitted. This
survey covers building operations in various localities in 34 States
and the District of Columbia.
Table 7.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in the BuildingConstruction Industry, April 1935
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating Statebureaus]
Alllocalities....... 10,39577,025
Alabama: Birmingham. 79 409
California:
Los Angeles_____
20 785
San Francisco-Oakland________
827
26
20 644
Other localities...
66 2,156
The State.....
185 595
Colorado: Denver...
Connecticut:
119 413
Bridgeport_____
Hartford_______ 248 792
New Haven_____ 142 655
The State_____ 509 1,860
Delaware: Wilmington. 97 1,054
DistrictofColumbia__ 412 3,819
Florida:
39 175
Jacksonville_____
M i a m i _____ _
65 678
The State_____ 104 853
Georgia: Atlanta____ 123 820
Illinois:
Chicago....... 127 1,267
Other localities... 103 3,137
230 4,394
The State____
Dollars
Dollars
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
hourly
earnings 1
^April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
Number April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
hours per
week per
man 1
Cent*
+11.0 1,771,815 +12.1 23.00 +1.0 28.4 +2.9 82.0 -l.l
-11.7 7,327 -6.7 17.91 +5.6 27.8 -.4 64.4 +4.0
+ 3 .7
16,645
+ 8 .7
21.20
—.3
71.4 + 5 .2
+ 12.1
+ 48.2
19,794 + 15.6
10,380 +74-6
23.93 + 3.1
19.08 +17.8
27.5 - 2.6
23.7 + 12.9
87.1 + 6.0
80.5 + 4.1
+16.8
46,819 +21.9
21.72
27.3
+9.0
+ 4 .7
+ 5 .3
29.7
—.4
79.5 + 6 .9
12,366 +10.8 20.78 +1.7 27.2 +8.8 76.2 -3.8
+14.7 9,138
+13.6 17,319
+13.7 15,122
+13.9 41,579
+35.5 23,321
+8.6 95,002
+8.0
+12.9
+11.2
+11.2
+46.8
+10.2
22.13
21.87
23.09
22.35
22.13
24.88
-5.9
—.6
-2.2
-2.4
+8.4
+1.4
29.4
30.3
30.3
30.1
31.2
30,0
+3.5
+3.4
+.3
+2.4
+9.9
+5.3
75.2
71.7
76.4
74.1
71.0
82.9
+6.7
+8.1
+7.8
+6.9
+8.3
+.6
+2.0
+10.0
17.92
20.13
19.67
17.25
+1.5
-6.9
-5.4
+2.9
29.3
28.2
28.4
27.7
+4.3
-3.1
-1.7
-1.8
61.2
71.5
69.3
61.6
+37.4
31,022 +S5.8
63,550 - 12.2
24.68
+15.5
84,572
+.5
19.25
+8.5
3,136
13,645
16,781
14,141
1Averages computed from reportsfurnished by 10,001 firms.
9Data not available.
Average
weekly
earnings
Amount April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
3a
£
Pay rolls
Amount April 1935
m
<Q
O
Percentage change
from March 1935
Locality
1
g£.
Number April 1935
bO
a
Employment
17.07
—1.2 (2)
- 19.2 (2)
- 1 2 .7 (2)
(2) (2)
«
»
(!) ! «
1
,
-9.2
-4.0
-2.4
-4.6
-1.4
-3.7
-2.5
-3.9
-3.9
+3.4
(2)
(■
>
(!)
21
Table 7.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in the BuildingConstruction Industry, April 1935— Continued
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
hourly
earnings 1
April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
hours per
week per
man i
Number April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
weekly
earnings
Amount April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
Pay rolls
Amount April 1935
Percentage change !
from March 1935
Employment
Number April 1935
Locality
Number of firms reporting
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating Statebureaus!
Dollars
Dollars
Cents
Indiana:
Evansville.....
58 305 +13.8 6,584 +42.0 21.59 +24.9 29.2 +25.9 74.8 -0.1
4,314
209
+5.0
+12.3
20.64
+6.9
25.7
+2.4
80.4 +4.6
Fort Wayne.....
70
Indianapolis....
135 9-15 +5.1 21,956 +10.3 23.23 +5.0 29.7 +6.8 78.3 -1.6
2,898
+38.
7
+14.3
+24.5
21.15
+11.3
28.7
73.7 -2.5
South Bend.....
32 137
+17.4
22.40
+8.1
3
5
,
752
+8.5
29.0
+9.8
77.5 -.9
2
9
5
!
1
,
596
The State----432
+33.9I
24.05
+8.7
+4.4:
+23.
l
i
1
0
,
3
9
1
84.9
Iowa: Des Moines...
28.5
+4.7
81
Kansas: Wichita....
55 226 +6.1 4,579 +21.2; 20.26 +14.2 27.5 +8.31 73.6 +5.4
Kentucky: Louisville... 133 673 +8. 2i 13,591 + 12.8 20.19 +4.2 29.2 +3.2 68.2 +1.0
Louisiana:New Orleans. no 88S +3. 1 ]5,072 -2.9 16.97 -5.8 27.7 -2.8 61.4 -3.0
Maine: Portland....
83 270 +35. 71 5,401 +38.0 20.00 +1.7 26.5 +4.3 75.4 -2.7
Maryland: Baltimore... 107 1,410 -7 .1 I 27, m +3.8 19.49 +11.7 27.7 + 6.9 71.9 + 4.7
!
Massachusetts: All lo
calities......... j| 675 4,432 + 11.7 1 105,567 +12.9, 23.82 + 1.0 28.9 + 4.0 82.6 - 2 .7
\
Michigan:
|
Detroit...... .
471 4,210 + 12.9 109,393 +5.4 25.98 -6.6 32.4 +• 3 80.0 -7.2
Flint.........
51 213 +70.4 3,804 +69.4 17.86 -.0 26.3 +11.9 68.0-11.1
Grand Rapids... 103 368 +24.7 6,620 +23.6 17.99 -.9 28.6 +1.8 63.0 -2.3
The State... .
625 4,791 +15.4 119,817 +7.5 25.01 -6.9 31.9 +.3 78.4 -7.3
Minnesota:
Duluth........
50 184 -3.7 3,891 -2. 0 21.15 + 1.7 28.6 -2.4 74.3 +4.5
Minneapolis... .
190 907 +24.0 20,322 +35.9 22.41 +9.1 28.8 +6.7 77.7 +2.1
Si. i/aul.......
138 711 +7.9 16,136 +5.7 22.69 -2.0 28.3 -3.1 80.2 +.6
The State..... 378 1,802 +14.2 40,349 +18.0 22.39I +3.3 28.6 + 1.4 78.3 +1.6
Missouri:
i
Kansas City 3...
23-1 1,204 +3.1 30,372 +3.9 25.23 +. 8 28.9 +4.0 87.6 -3.0
St. Louis....... , 531 2,513 +4.3 65,345 +6.4 26.00 +2.0 26.7 +5.1 97.4 -2.9
The State..... 765 3,717 +3.9 05,717 +5.6 25.75 +1.6 27.4 +4.6 94.1 -2.8
Nebraska: Omaha... 157 997 +34.9 21,503 +34.2 21.57 -.5 30.5 +2.0 70.4 -2.5
New York:
New York City-- 588 9,766 +8.1 291,810 + 8.1 29.88 0) 27.8 (*) 107.5 (*)
Other localities--- SSI 6,085 +16.0 137,548 +16.2 22.60 + .1 26.7 - . 7 84.6 +.7
The State..... 918 15,851 +11.0 429,358 +10.6 27.09 -■ 4 27.4 (5) 98.9 - . 1
North Carolina: Char
lotte...........
46 311 +12.7 5,255 +27.7 16.90 -13.3 28.5; + 7.5 59.3 +5.5
Ohio:
Akron........
82 346 +35.2 7,882 +52.9 22.78 +13.1 27.6 +14.0 82.5 -1.1
Cincinnati6..... 403 2,230 +28.9 55,030 +42.3 24.68 +10.4 29.8 +10.8 82.8 -.2
Cleveland......
610 2,252 +27.5 55,460 +26.3 24.63 -.9 24.3 -1.6 101.4 +.2
Dayton.......
142 461 +17.6 9,880 +18.7 21.43 +.9 26.3 -.4 81.4 +1.2
Youngstown....
83 402 -1.7 10,463 +12.8 26.03 +14.8 26.3 +2.7 99.1+12.1
The State..... 1,320j 5,691 +25.0 138,715 +31. 7 24.37 +5.3 27.0 +4.7 90.3 +.4
--^_j--i1
!
! = i
*Averages computed from reports furnished by 10,001 firms.
*Includes both Kansas City, -Vto.,and Kansas City, Kins.
* Less than Ho of1percent increase.
*No change.
6Includes Covington and Newport, Ky.
22
Table 7.— Employment, Pay Rolls, Hours, and Earnings in the Building
Construction Industry, April 1935— Continued
[Figures in italicsare not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating State bureaus]
Dollars
Oklahoma:
Dollars
84 447 +8.0 8,984 +36.2 20.10 +26.2
Oklahoma City..
47 213 +10.4 4,193 +18.3 19.69 +7.2
Tulsa.........
The State..... 131 660 +8.7 13,177 +30.0 19.97 +19.5
Oregon: Portland.... 158 867 +1.2 20,350 +12.9 23.47 +11.5
Pennsylvania: J
221 + 33.9
2,913 +48.7 13.18 +11.0
21
Erie area.......
Philadelphia area... 349 2,722 +15.7 57.628 +21.6 21.17 +5.1
Pittsburgh area.. 191 1,245 + 2.5 30,251 + 2 .0 24.30 - . 4
226 +44.9
4,176 +51.2 18.48 +4-4
Reading area__..
40
29
4,330 +59.4 23.53 +25.6
Scranton area....
184 +26.9
Other areas..... 255 1,966 +10.8 38,519 +13.2 19.59 +2.1
The State..... 885 6,564 + 13.0 137,817 + 16.3 21.00 + 2 .9
Rhode Island: Provi
dence.......... 253 1,279 +16.4 25,942 +20.1 20.28 +3.2
Tennessee:
31 229 +10.1 2,962 +32.8 12.93 +20.5
Chattanooga....
36 372 +26.5 5,608 +19.3 15.08 -5.7
Knoxville......
72 336 +6.0 6,392 +22.4 19.02 + 15.5
Memphis......
77 549 +35.6 7,800 +31.9 14.21 -2.7
Nashville......
The State..... 216 1,486 +21.4 22,762 +26.0;, 15.32 +3.8
1
Texas*
188 835 -6.7 15,743 -5.01 18.85 +1.8
Dallas........
24 133 +. 8 2,260 +6.8 16.99 +6.0
El Paso.......
Houston....... 167 1,151 -3.2 22,785 -5.1 19.80 -1.9
81 333 -12.8 5,543 +1.6 16.65 +16.6
San Antonio....
The State..... 460 2,452 -5.6 46,331 -3.8 18.90 +2.0
Utah: SaltLake City... 67 223 +17.4 5,029 +26.3 22.55 + 7.0
Virginia:
Norfolk-Portsmouth. 66 381 -5.7 6,800 +.5 17.85 +6. 6
Richmond...... 117 781 +5.8 14.474 -.4 18.53 -5.8
The State..... 183 1,162 +1.8 21,274 -. 1 18.31 -1.8
Washington:
Seattle........ 147 646 +2.9 14,191 +. 9 21.97 -1.9
59 324 +52.1 8,174 +64.0 25.23 +7.8
Spokane.......
Tacoma.......
80 188 -20.0 3,841 -15.5 20.43ji +5.6
The State..... 286 1,158 +7.6 26,206 +11.0 22.631 +3.2
i
West Virginia: Wheel
54: 201!+15.5 4,429 +48.8 22.03! +28.8
ing............
Wisconsin:Alllocalities. 14811,9261 - 7 . 0 38,039 |
, 19.75\I + 1.S
’
Averages computed from reports furnished by 10,001 firms.
*No change.
?Each separateareaincludesfrom 2 to8 counties.
27.2
28.2
27.6
27.6
+24.2
+6.0
+17.9
+10.4
Cents
72.6
69.7
71.6
85.1
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
hourly
earnings 1
April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
hours per
week per
man 1
Number April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
Average
weekly
earnings
Amount April 1935
Percentage change
from March 1935
0
1
a3
5?
Pay rolls
Amount April 1935
a
<a
Percentage change
from March 1935
Locality
a
2
m
Employment
Number April 1935
tr.
a
+1.3
+3.1
+2.0
+.9
17.7 +22.9
80.1 + 6.4
27.0 - 1 .1
29.8 + 10.2
32.9 + 18.8
80.1 + 1.7
71.7 - . 6
72.1 + .6
92.7 + 2.1
68.2 - 5 . 0
72.7 + 6 .8
64.5 + .6
29.8
72.9
+ 4 .8
<•>
27.6 +2.6 73.1 +.3
23.0
24.9
27.2
26.8
25.8
+19.2
+4.6
0)
+13.6
+8.4
56.2 +1.1
60.5 -9.8
70.0+15.3
53.1 -14.1
59.3 -4.2
29.1
21.8
28.6
29.4
28.7
29.2
+1.7
+2.1
+. 4
+18.1
+3.2
+7.7
65.3
68.7
69.5
56.5
66.1
77.1
+.6
+4.1
-2.5
-1.4
-1.2
—.5
27.0 +5.5 66.2 +1.2
28.7 -.7 64.5 -5.3
28.1 +1.4 65.0 -3.3
23.2
28.8
23.2
24.8
+4.0
+3.2
+6.9
+6.9
94.7
87.7
88.2
91.4
-6.0
+4.2
-1.0
-3.2
30.6 +20.9 71.9i +6.4
30.4
+ 2.7
6*. 5\ - 2 . 0
23
E m p l o y m e n t o n Class I Railroads
A c c o r d i n g to reports of the Interstate C o m m e r c e Commission
there were in April 964,598 workers (preliminary), exclusive of
executives and officials employed by class I railroads— that is, roads
having operating revenues of $1,000,000 or over— as compared with
966,110 in March. This represents a decrease of 0.2 percent. In
formation concerning pay rolls in April is not yet available. T h e
total compensation of all employees except executives and officials
was $126,502,835 in M a r c h as compared with $117,928,027 in F e b
ruary. T h e increase over the m o n t h interval amounted to 7.3
percent. March, however, contained 31 days, as against 28 days in
February. O n a daily basis, pay rolls in M a r c h sho w a decrease of
3.1 percent.
Index numbers showing the monthly trend of employment by class
I railroads from January 1923 through April 1935 are given in table
8. These indexes have been compiled by the Interstate C o m m e r c e
Commission and, like the Bureau's indexes of factory employment,
the 3-year average, 1923-25, represents 100.
Table 8.— Indexes of Employment on Class I Railroads in the United States,
January 1923 to April 1935
[3-yearaverage, 1923-25=100]
Month
1923
1924 1925
1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935
January...
February..
March____
April.....
May....
June.. ...
July.....
August....
September_
October...
November__
December__
Average__
98.4
98.6
100.4
101.9
104.8
107.1
108.2
109.2
107.7
107.1
105.0
99.1
104.0
96.7
96.9
97.3
98.8
99.1
97.9
98.0
98.9
99.6
100.7
98.9
06.0
98.2
95.6
95.8
96.5
98.6
100.0
101.3
102.6
102.4
102.5
103.1
101.0
98.0
99.8
95.5
95.3
95.1
96.5
97.7
98.5
99.3
99.5
99.7
100.4
98.9
96.9
97.8
1Preliminary.
8Average for4months.
Source: InterstateCommerce Commission.
1 3 0 7 U C — 3 G ----4
95.2
95.0
95.6
97.1
99.1
100.7
100.7
99.2
98.8
98 5
95.5
91.7
97.3
89.1
88.7
89.7
91.5
94.4
95.8
95.4
95.5
95.1
95.2
92.7
89.5
92.7
88.0
88.6
89.8
91.9
94.6
95.8
96.3
97.1
96.5
96.6
92.8
88.5
93.1
86.1
85.2
85.3
86.7
88.3
86.3
84.5
83.5
82.0
80.2
76.9
74.8
83.3
73.5
72.6
72.7
73.4
73.8
72.7
72.3
71.0
69.2
67.6
64.4
62.5
70.6
.61.1
60.2
60.5
59.9
59.6
57.7
56.3
54.9
55.7
56.9
55.8
54.7
57.8
53.0
52.7
51.5
51.8
52.5
53.6
55.4
56.8
57.7
57.4
55.8
54.0
54.4
54.1 5«‘
».7
54.6 54.2
55.9 i54.7
56.9 i54.7
58.5
5‘
j.0
58.7
57.8
57.3
50.6
c>i. 6
53.8
56.5 |*54.3
24
T r e n d of Industrial E m p l o y m e n t , b y States
F l u c t u a t i o n s in employment and pay rolls in April 1935 as c o m
pared with M a r c h 1935, in certain industrial groups, are s how n by
States in table 9. These tabulations have been prepared from data
secured directly from reporting establishments and from information
supplied by cooperating State agencies. T h e combined total of all
groups does not include building-construction data, which are s ho wn
by city and State totals in the section “Building construction/7
In addition to the combined total of all groups, the trend of employ
m e n t and pay rolls in the manufacturing, public utility, hotel, whole
sale trade, retail trade, bituminous-coal mining, crude-petroleum
producing, quarrying and nonmetallic mining, metalliferous mining,
laundry, dyeing and cleaning, and banks-brokerage-insurance groups
is presented. In this State compilation the totals of the telephone
and telegraph, power and light, and electric-railroad operations
groups have been combined and are presented as one group— Public
utilities.
T h e percentage changes shown in the table, unless otherwise
noted, are unweighted; that is, the industries included in the groups
and the groups comprising the total of all groups, have not been
weighted according to their relative importance in the combined
totals.
T h e anthracite mining industry, which is confined entirely to the
State of Pennsylvania, showed increases from M a r c h to April of 2.3
percent in employment and 28.1 percent in pay rolls. These per
centages are based on reports received from 160 mines, which e m
ployed in April 73,070 workers, whose earnings in 1 week ending
nearest the 15th were $2,019,392.
W h e n the identity of any reporting c o m p a n y would be disclosed
by the publication of a State total for any industrial group, figures
for the group do not appear in the separate industrial-group tabula
tion, but are included in the State totals for “All groups.” Details
are not given for any industrial group w h e n the representation in the
State covers less than three establishments.
25
Table 9*— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish
ments in March and April 1935, by States
[ Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports Issued
b y cooperating State organizations]
State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Total-All groups
Per
Num Per
Amount cent
beron cent
age
age of
pay
r
o
l
l
(1week) change
S3 change
from
from April
1935 March
April March
1935 1935
1935
Alabama.... 1,329 76,538
Arizona... .
559 13,986
Arkansas.... 1667
California.... *1,883 & &
Colorado.... 1,339 39,050
Connecticut.. 2,203 177,076
221 12,072
Delaware....
District of Col
umbia..... 1,010 38,979
Florida..... 1,391 46,037
Georgia..... 1,764 102,994
Idaho......
508 8,301
Illinois...... *4,526 480,477
Indiana..... 2,730 166,701
Iowa....... 1,889 54,045
Kansas...... *1,798 54,670
Kentucky.... 1,552 85,565
Louisiana.... 1,053 43,621
920 49,157
Maine......
Maryland.... 1,804 108,594
Massachusetts... 18,699 438,277
Michigan.... 3,720 490,324
Minnesota... 2,401 84,294
Mississippi...
638 16,775
Missouri..... 3,605 165,761
Montana....
790 16,455
Nebraska.... 1,936 33,530
Nevada......
258 3,080
New Hampshire. 767 41,933
New Jersey... 3,989 250,416
New Mexico__
396 7,025
New York___ IS,531 783,040
North Carolina- 1,287 134,683
North Dakota—
539 4,492
Ohio....... 8,860 546,877
Oklahoma.... 1,606 37,709
Oregon...... 1,497 44,119
Pennsylvania_ 9,748 778,737
Rhode Island__ 1,308 86,469
South Carolina.. 711 64,734
South Dakota.~
588 7,398
Tennessee.... 1,336 84,166
Texas....... 1,297 68,264
Utah.......
576 16,237
Vermont.....
550 15,631
Virginia..... 2,203 90,025
Washington... 3,429 83,539
West Virginia... 1,335 144,179
Wisconsin.... "1,020 168,835
Wyoming____
372 7,530
-1.5
+.2
-.4
+ 6.1
-.7
-.1
4-2.3
+3.1
-10.6
-1.8
+1.3
+ 1 .2
+.6
-.2
+ .8
$1,106,437 -7.6
294,680 +1.7
869,218
6,819,057
+ 2 .6
+ 3 .8
1,198,127
+ 4.1
853,119
3,654,152
258,254
925,788
751,023
1,520,529
170,006
10,907,841
3,564,286
1,100,434
-1.3
-1.5
+.4
+2.9
-9.1
-2.4
+3.1
+.1
+.5
-2.9
-1.6 1,540,377 -7.4
+.3 758,177 +1.3
-1.5 906,713 -3.0
+ 1 .8 2,238,109 +1.1
-.6
9,402,094
- .4
+.8 13,269,060 +2.5
+2.9 1,907,032 +4.6
-3.7 240,644 -1.7
+.8 3,540,965 -.7
+1.4 417,548 -.1
+2.0 713,105 +.6
80,883 +2.0
+2.1
-7.3 760,076 -8.3
-.2 5,772,174 -1.6
+.7 133,349 -3.1
+1.6 20,069,101 +.2
-1.9 1,851,470 -4.6
+.4
99,275 -.6
+.2 12,583,246 -(10)
-.2 778,481 -.9
+3.6 964,163 +2.8
-.4 16,561,514 -1.5
-1.9 1,692,882 -2.7
-4.7 798,114 -11.4
+.7 181,445 +2.5
+.1 1,356,800 -1.4
-.5
+ .6 1,459,772
+1.3 357,572 -.5
+1.8 310,941 +1.0
-.5 1,635,194 -3.1
+1.6 1,901,822 +1.8
-1.9 2,733,689 -15.0
-.4 8,468,259 - . 1
-.6 182,654 -7.4
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Manufacturing
Per
Num Per- IAmount cent
beron centage
age
change
change
from week) from
April March
1935 1935 April 1935 March
1935
240 50,883
47 2,637
271 16,846
1,024 160,600
183
689
66
48
213
392
63
2,028
667
404
-1.6 $709,270 -2.1
+5.9 50,046 +9.9
+ .5
233,694
+10.7 3,649,343
26,562
+ 2.5
303 33,681
229 22,782
270 39,923
-1.2
+.1
-2.8
«+1.0
-.8
898
608 69,689
1,658 244,068
800 374,521
404 35,289
101 10,002
833 82,054
89 4,174
170 10,488
33
895
200 35,147
*768 217,342
32 1,048
9 1,915 398,205
572
48
2,466
139
282
2,178
423
207
25
325
858
108
138
423
510
247
766
49
+ .4
+ 6 .3
11,703 -2.0 263,302 +.5
143,021 +. 1 2,818,458 -1.9
7,801 +2.1 155,571 +1.7
3,634 (•)
119,143 +. 1
18,529 -9.7 254,238 -8.7
76,987 -2.9 1,012,034 -3.8
2,494 +6.8 50,101 +12.9
295,081
+ 1.8 6,474,423
+ 1 .0
121,411 +.6 2.656,929 +2.8
26,763 +1.0 542,024 -.6
123,866
855
389,533
10,160
23,118
425,794
65,224
57,069
1,593
58,114
88,881
4,571
9,609
58,835
40,188
54,230
181, S49
1,651
-.2
+4.0
-5.6
+.9
+1.8
+1.2
+.1
-8.9
-.5
+.7
599,786
+ 6 .8
651,813 -.7
336,319 +2.9
701,903 -4.6
1,369,188 1 + 2 .6
- 2.2
4,895,244
10,141,425
4*2.6
787,991 +8.0
124,013 -3.3
1,668,044 -.6
96,205 -.2
228,480 +1.3
24,245 +4.8
607,089 -10.5
4,804,008
-1.1
15,565 -4.9
+ .8 9,578,227
-2.3 1,672,159
+1.2 19,829
-.4 9,172,616
+.7 201,381
+5.2 454,603
- . 9 8,506,698
-3.6 1,175,099
-5.1 670,392
-.5 31,398
-.4 896,120
-.2
754,561
+2.2 94,869
+1.5 182,095
-.8 1,022,306
+2.0 851,177
-1.2 1,182,811
O+4.8
(4) 2,786,578
46.106
-5.2
+5.3
+.4
+.7
+6.3
-.8
-4.8
-12.9
-.2
+.4
-.1
+1.4
-.7
-2.9
+4.3
+1.0
1 + 1 .4
+4.9
*Includes automobile dealersand garages, and sand, gravel,and buildingstone.
2Includes banks, insurance, and officeemployment.
3No change.
4Includes buildingand contracting.
•Includes construction, miscellaneousservices (theaters),and restaurants.
•Weighted percentagechange.
?Includes construction, municipal, agricultural, and office employment, amusement and recreation,
professional,and truckingand handling.
8Includeslaundries.
*Includeslaunderingand cleaning,but does notinclude food,canning, and preserving,
i*Less than Ho of1percent.
11Includes construction, but doesnot include hotelsand restaurants, and publicworks.
26
Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish
ments in March and April 1935, by States— Continued
[Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating State organizations]
Retail trade
Wholesale trade
State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
113
Alabama..
70
Arizona..
m
Arkansas..
103
California.
180
Colorado..
Connecticut.. 211
14
Delaware....
District of Co
lumbia....
61
222
Florida.....
111
Georgia.....
72
Idaho.
381
Illinois..
37.*)
Indiana.
208
lowa__
166
Kansas..
Kentucky....
Louisiana....
Maine...... 105
Maryland.... m
Massachusetts... 879
Michigan...
337
419
Minnesota..
GO
Mississippi.
Missouri.__
750
100
Montana_
496
Nebraska.. .
51
Nevada... .
New Hampshire.; 37
New Jersey... . 245
New Mexico__ ! 37
New York... 3,678
North Carolina.. 57
North Dakota... 180
Ohio....... 1,075
Oklahoma.... 177
Oregon.....
281
Pennsylvania_ 1,24S
96
Rhode Island__
South Carolina..
South Dakota...
Tennessee-... 145
188
Texas......
79
Utah........
30
Vermont....
Virginia..... 207
Washington.. 750
West Virginia... 127
45
Wisconsin....
Wyoming....
23
Per
Num Per
cent
ber on cent
age oAmount
age
fpay roll change
pay change
roll from (1week) from
April March
April 1935 March
1935 1935
1935
2,334 -0.2
1,154 -.6
+.3
1,500
+ .5
5,802
3,419 -.6
3,990 -18.7
504 +1.2
1,120 -2.0
8,961
1,603
669
18, 206
5,846
3,422
-5.7
+.4
-16.1
+.3
+4.1
+. 3
3,063
+ 1.2
2,764
2,976
1,555
-7.7
+.8
+.4
A, 088
17,422
+1.6
-1.2
6,520
8,488
1,192
15,393
1,109
4,043
335
355
4,377
307
66,895
700
710
16,917
2,805
3,558
20,309
1,767
951
750
2,705
4,405
1,266
527
3,239
9,856
1,874
1,787
167
+2.0
i°Less than M o of 1 percent.
-.G
-1.7
+.2
+1. 4
+0°)
+2.4
-1.7
+.2
+7.7
-.2
-2.0
+1.0
-.2
+.1
+ 1.2
-1.1
-.8
-. 3
+.1
+.3
+1.8
+1.1
+1.3
+2. 5
+1 . 9
— .5
-.2
+3.1
$57,125
22,007
38,387
162,510
— 5.1
+3.2
+ 1 .3
-.4
87,447 +.5
96,559 -8.3
11,740 + 4. 9
34,481 + 2. 3
141,886 -.1
40,106 -1.1
15,975 -6.9
360,907 - 1 .4
143,665 + 2 . 3
89,257 +.3
74,660
+1.0
59,145 -4.7
-.4
71,585 -(10)
38,101
102,895
+ .4
468,083
-.6
173,893 +2.2
225,935 - 1.4
25,196 +1.1
396,056 -. 7
31,087 +.6
105,226 + . 4
11,116 -2.5
8,951 - . 6
126,079 -. 1
7,896 +2.0
2,057,671 -.2
20,183 -2.3
18,204 -1.1
441,926 — .7
6i>,381 -1.2
99,858 -1.7
558,985 -.8
45,961 -1.5
22,531 -1.2
20,898
61,649 -.4
U lt872 + 1 .7
35,065 -.5
12,158 +.4
78,708 +1.7
275,365 +1.0
49,595 -.8
41,675
-.7
4,653 +.3
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber on
pay
roll
April
1935
Per
Per
cent Amount cent
age
age ofpay
change roll (1 change
from week) from
March April 1935 March
1935
1935
728 6,974 + 0 . 9 $122,829
284 3,422 +1.6 68,596
156
128
549
992
81
750
533
905
2,313
81,509
+?.0
+3.1
8,609 +4.1
14,841 +3.3
I,445 + 5 . 2
14,872 +6.0
7,411 -2.8
10,223 + 1. 9
2,026 + 1 . 9
+ 5.0
1,878 72,735
1,232 18,413 + 5 . 9
619 8,449 + 5 . 9
820
9,924
465 8,643
441 7,762
277 2,816
642
4,838
1,655
1,082
193
1,352
355
105
303
2,146
215
10,301
437
44
3,989
776
624
3,642
621
288
226
467
371
235
165
1,184
1,766
320
58
176
16,678
67,329
33,041
16,399
2,042
30,948
2,941
9,468
774
2,966
21,453
1,515
179,527
4,750
307
66,218
7,988
8,958
69,508
10,268
3,441
1,307
9.147
9, M0
2,754
1,544
II,599
16,995
4,093
11,077
1,112
+ 2.4
6,454
618,768
167,078
312,390
30,526
310,576
142,180
173,042
41,678
1,472,528
344,124
152,665
182,866
+2.2
155,236
130,988
56,331
+ 5.9
314,394
1,350,025
+5. 4
+5.4
+2.1
+5.5
+5.5
+2.8
+5.4
+2.2
+4.5
+4.0
+5.6
+ 4.1
+1.8
+5.5
+8.1
+9.6
+6.6
+2. 5
+2.7
+7.5
+6.6
+3.0
+2.4
+4.0
+ 4.8
+11.5
+1.4
+2 . 7
+2.7
+7.6
+11.9
+1.6
702,507
303,429
31,095
608,649
68,618
174,085
20,176
57,826
482,204
33,309
4,012,557
70,539
6,036
1,256,382
144,640
186,434
1,377,956
195,847
49,069
24,606
160,058
170,819
56,308
33,769
213,999
355,515
75,442
163,700
25,901
-0.6
+2.0
+1.2
+ .4
+1.5
+3.3
+5.0
+6.5
-2.8
+1.5
+2.2
+ 5 .2
+4.6
+2.7
+4.3
+4.3
+2.1
+3.4
+ 4.2
+ 2 .5
+3.5
+2.0
+2.7
+2.0
+2.1
+1.0
+4.5
+3.2
+4.7
+4.2
+6.9
+5.6
+.7
+2.9
+5.2
+4.8
+1.8
-.9
+1.4
+8.6
+5.1
+4.6
+2.2
+3.1
+3.9
+ 9 .0
+2.9
27
Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish
ments in March and April 1935, by States— Continued
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating State organizations]
Quarrying and nonmetallic mining
Metalliferousmining
i
State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Alabama..
Arizona_
Arkansas..
California.
Colorado..
Connecticut__
Delaware....
District of Co
lumbia....
Florida.....
Georgia.....
Idaho...
Illinois..
Indiana.
Iowa__
Kansas..
Kentucky...
Louisiana...
Maine.....
Maryland...
Massachusetts..
Michigan—
Minnesota..
Mississippi..
Missouri__
Montana_
Nebraska....
Nevada......
New Hampshire.
New Jersey....
New Mexico..
New York...
North Carolina.
North Dakota..
Ohio......
Oklahoma...
Oregon.....
Pennsylvania...
Rhode IslandSouth Carolina.
South Dakota..
Tennessee.
Texas...
Utah...
Vermont...
Virginia_
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin..
Wyoming...
Per
Num Per
cent
beron cent
age
age oAmount
fpay roll changc
pay change
roll from (1week) from
April 1935 Maieh
April March
11)35 1935
1035
17
582 +0.!
117 +13. 0
1,111 +0.3
22 +37.5
2G7 +09.0
$0,950; -3.3
1,282 +21.5
22,325 + 1i.3
884
1,603
1
+.1)
11,0b9i +1.8
542 +30.0
1,378 +10.0
350 +19.
10,110 +30.5
22,781 +9.3
0,401 +22.7
1,805
10
+ 4-2
784 +2.0
704 -1.5
373 +410.0
291 + 19.8
435 +17.9
1,040 +10.0
210 +7.1
110 -44.8
1,277 -.2
81 +20. 0
205 +1.1
-33.7
+15.4
2,285 +38.9
283
120 2,973 +13.7
153 +3.4
14
3
+20.0
158 5,110 +21.2
12Not available.
112 -2.0
87 +102. 3
074 -.0
790 +22.1
95 +2.2
1,735 +4.0
1,011 + 1.2
238
703
155
-15.0
+8.5j
+44•9\
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Per
Nuin- j Ter- Amount cent
beron!
age
pay change oroflpay
l (1 change
roll from week)
from
April March
1935 1935 April 1935 March
1935
1,102
$20,0G9 -11.0
90,108 +3.0
+3.6'
75,549
+4-4
+3. 9 29,247 +.5
1,594
+2.8
35,300
+.6
+1.8
24,800
+ 7 .6
9 1,:
20 3,712
2,831
+1.0
+1.2
+.'
5,101 +80.1
18,202j +8.4
26,163
+12.5
7,173 +0.1
10,131 +14.7
0,031 +427.4
3,861 +43.3
8,994 +29.7
19,220 +27.0
3,050 +4.4
1,222 -44.4
18,802 +9.1
1,415 +23.0
3,132 +10.5
i,234 -32.1
10,3G1 +13.1
25
4,788 +4.2
1,193 +12.7
1,804 -.2
3,797 +1.9
82,593 +4.5
23,443 +22.5
20,124 +2.3
112,092 +2.9
+3.8
14,320 +4.3
-1.3
47,511 +30.8
3,955 -1.0
49,840 +20.3
1,242 -1.8 19,854 -4.8
1,900 +4.9
1,752 +17.9
84 +23.5
091 +15.G
78,930 +12.0
1,487 -4.2
1,207 +98.3
7,3
302 -1.4
-1.7
7.032
17.681 +34.7
1,721 -11.3
13 2,159 +.4 48,341 -1.0
33,708 +10. 0
12,028 +7.7|
3,71o! -0.5!
11,575i +7.7 (12)
2,063\ +10.3
744| + 3 .2 1 16,054 +3.8
I
28
Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish
ments in March and April 1935, by States— Continued
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating State organizations]
Bituminous-coal mining
State
Crude-petroleum producing
Per
Per
Num cent
cent
Num ber
ber of payon age ofAmount
roll age
estab roll cnange (1pay
week) change
lish April from April
from
1935 March
ments 1935 March
Per
* PerNum cent
Amount centNum ber
ber of payon age
of pay | age
estab roll change roll (1 | change
lish
from week) ! from
April 1935! March
ments April
1935 March
! 1935
1935
1935
1935
Alabama.........
53 10.675 - 2.8
...............,............. !
Arizona..........
Arkansas.........
9 3H9'i\ - 21.0'
California........
Colorado.........
49 4.300! - 8.8
Connecticut.....
_______ 1______
Delaware....... .
District of Co
_______
lumbia.........
i
Florida...........
1
Georgia...........
Idaho............. .............|.........
Illinois............
29\ 5,252 - 43.1
Indiana..........
46; 3,762 - 28.7
221 1.130 - 47.3
Iowa..............
Kansas...........
»4\ 1,066 - 48.5
134 27.978 - 4.8
Kentucky........
Louisiana........
Maine........... .
7.9
A-2.1
Maryland
j '
Massachusetts
Michigan........
3; 700! - 27.9
:..............
Minnesota____ ______ ______
|Mississippi____
39! 884': - 49. 2
Missouri........
11\ 933: - 3.1
Montana.........
Nebraska...__
Nevada...........
.........j........
New Hampshire.
New Jersey. .
12! 1. 691! -.3
New Mexico.....
__ 1__ __
New York ...
1
North Carolina
490- - 5.2
North Dakota...
7
Ohio..............
73 12.634 - 15.8
18; 306i - 57.1
Oklahoma.......
Oregon........... .............i................i..............
450; 78,0251 - 6.9
Pennsylvania__
Rhode Island
South Carolina
1
1
i
South Dakota
18 3,148 - 5.3[
Tennessee
5 3541 - 4.3
Texas.............
Utah
17 1,873| - 13. 2!i
Vermont.........
23 4, 383! _ ii. 5|
Virginia...... . .
Washington . .
17! 1. 311i - 1. 1,
3731 73,3211 - 3. 5j
West Virginia...
Wisconsin___
331 3. 645! —4. 7;
Wyomine........
i
* N o ciiange.
*191.648 - 35.0
...........
|
........... i.........
n.RRR - 7.1
75,110 - 13.5
6
291
$7,101* - 4.1
42 10, 521 (»)
+ 2.1 343,989, + 2. 4
92,710
51.119
11,737
25,M3
432,380
‘
206
11
4
22
27 1, 575
229
6
11
945
- 58.3
- 61.1
- 75.2
- 38.1
- 22.0
4,230j - 4. 8
342! -.3
39. 382 -I-. 6
3, 260 - 16.5
26,126 + 1.1
+• 5
+ 10.0
+ 3.8
- 5.8
+ 4.2
20,608 - 23.9
6.186 - 77.2
14, 290 - 43.1
21,934 - 7.1
7
85;
30 + 7.1
!
-4-7. 8
1
30.465i - 10.9
8,645 - 17.7
178.163 - 40.6
5,763 - 36.5
1, 103,121 - 36.1
38,335 - 35.8
6,188 -.1
46,944 - 10.3
73,C00j - 26.0
31,7971 - 11.2
1, 189,7781 - 29.4
*>2.361 —IS. 0
6
5
256 + 12.8
242 +.8
______ i_____
6, 6901 + 17.5
5,291 - 2.5
11
235 + 4.9
4. 256 - 6.4
73 5,463 + (10) 134,851 - 2.8
20
20,404
+.1
5 6,295 - 4.6 201,531
- 9.6
13
6
863
+.3
484 + 1.0
165 + 17.Oj
Iajss than H o of 1 percent.
10,149 - 8.2
4,667; + 9.8
29
Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish
ments in March and April 1935, by States— Continued
{Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating State organizations]
Public utilities
State
Hotels
Per
Per
Per
Per
Num cent
Num cent
cent
Num ber
cent Nuni- : ber
on age Amount
her
of
|
ber of payon age ofAmount
age
of
pay
age
roll
roll (1 change
estab roll change (Lpay
csrab- i pay
week) change
roll change
week)
iishi
from
lish April from April
from
from
IS/35 March ments y April March April 1935 March
ments 1935 March
i 935
1935
1935
1935
1«35
119 1,885 + 0.2 $40,548 - 2.7
Alabama.........
21i 1,076 + 1.0
75 1,600 - 3.1
18' 589 - 17.9
Arizona..........
38,393 - 6.2
26 1,259 -.5
27,998 +.3
Arkansas.........
24] 985 - 11.1
178\ 10,658 -.6
California........
47 44,151 +.5 1,278,298 - 1.8
225 5,853 -.6 149,921 - 2.3
47] 1,129 +.1
Colorado.........
152 9,858 -.4 304,590 - 1.3
281 1, 268 + 1.2
Connecticut.....
30 1,130 +.9
31,754 - 11.0
Delaware.........
5! 288j1 -.7
District of Co
54 10,399 +.8 288,270 +.7
45! 4,689; + 4.9
lumbia.........
258 5,139 - 2.7 126,901 - 9.6
Florida...........
98 2,891! - 45.3
234 7,431 +.9 199,008 - 1.0
36 1,709| + 2.5
Georgia...........
63
15,282 - 4.0
757 - 2.3
Idaho.............
18 355j + 2.6
85 70,819 + .5 2,099,002 +.4 13 270 13,875\ - 1.6
Illinois............
62 2,9141 + 9.4
160 9,326 + 1.3 236,672 +.2
Indiana..........
54 2,347' - 4.0
Iowa..............
507 9,536 + 1.5I 227,774 +. 6
182,200 +6.1
615,I +.7
Kansas........... u 164 7,875 + J .7
24
32 2,1171 + 8.0
Kentucky........
310 6,542 -.2 152,697 - 1.0
188 5,849 + •7 ; 143,049 - 1.6
17 1,824 - 7.4
Louisiana........
188 2,876 —1. 6i: 77,946 - 1.8
16 6111| - 1.8j
Maine............
98 12,220 +.6\ 852,494 - 2.0
19 716\! -i-o !
Maryland........
Masvsachusetts... h 125 45,020 +.81 1,356,733 +2.8
63\ 5,510' +.9
452 29,328 +.2 895,638 - 1.1
8911 5.138 +.2
Michigan........
264 12,661 - 1.1i 348,866 + 1.4
67|! 3;386 + 1.1
Minnesota____
219 2,048 + 1.0i 43,804 +.5
Mississippi......
171I 769 +.4
340 20,338 - 1.6 569,039 - 3.1
Missouri........
87 5,097 +.5
118 2,145 +.3
62,321 - 5.4
Montana.........
33>j 560 + 1.1
310 5,851i +•<> 148,167 - 2.3
Nebraska........
37]! 1,742 + 2.2
33
208 + 3.0'
Nevada..........
15 244 -.4
6.250 -.2
147 2,329 +.51 65,425 + 2.2
10!i 255 + 2.8
New Hampshire296 20, 779 +.2' 614,492 - 3.3
76 3,951 + 3.3
New Jersey......
54
621 - 3.4
New Mexico___
12,619 - 4.9
17 421 (3)
New York....... 1,152 122.016 +. 1j 3,943,807 - 1.9
216 30,010 -.2
120 2,093 +.6i 43,795 - 1.2
32 1,616 + 4.5
North Carolina183 1,334 +.2! 33,195 +.5
North Dakota...
20
285 )
572 35,232 +.5! 979,010 -.3
Ohio--...........
125 9,049! (3+•
6
288 6,547 +.3 155,769 -.5
Oklahoma........
37 1,437! + 2.1
192 5,541 + 1.2 157,359 - 2.7
59 1,301' +.1!
Oregon...........
785 52,245 + (10) 1,520,133 -.5
149 9,565 +.2
Pennsylvania__
53 5,547 +.2 169,246 +. 4
10 377 + 3.6
Rhode Island__
91 2,121 - 6.4 41,812 - 6.6
17 429i - 19.2i
South Carolina..
129 1,070 +.8
18
260■ +.4|
South Dakota...
26,005 - 2.8
275 5,111 + 1.2 115,769 - 3.4
35 2,494i +1.0!
Tennessee........
826 5,988 +.* 171,769 +1.7
Texas.............
84 2,455 +2.0\
Utah..............
69 1,825 + 2.0 38,796 -.9
13
552j + 9.1
14 360 + 2.3
131 1,496 <»)
37,837 - 1.3
Vermont.........
202 5,835 +.6 143,675 - 3.3
34 2,016 + 10.6
Virginia..........
83 2,536 -.4
Washington.....
225 10,092 -.7 289,054 - 3.3
36 1,259 -.9
West Virginia...
129 6,655 + 2.5 169,464 -.9
Wisconsin........ is 41 10,826 - 1.0 888,980 - 2.6
42 1,438 +1.6
Wyoming........
11
53 477 -.2
11,578 + 1.3
97 - 1.0
3No change.
10Less than Mo of 1percent.
12Not available.
13Includes restaurants.
14Includes steamrailways.
15Includes railways and express.
$9,406
9,047
8,653
170,318
15,258
17,165
3,931
75,574
32,889
14,869
4,244
213,902
31,199
22,954
6,867
21,615
21,021
7,739
8,941
82,824
64,355
42,540
6,469
63,754
7,884
18,461
3,587
2,962
49,815
4,142
492,703
14,589
3,055
117,553
15,949
17,015
131,916
5,360
3,791
3,Oil
21,611
31,539
7,370
3,389
21,738
30,453
13,771
(12)
1,288
-1.0
-15.1
-8.8
+.7
-1.2
-2.4
-1.7
+5.2
-40.0
+.1
-1.5
-8.6
+8.2
-3.3
-.2
+4.6
-6.5
-.4
-.6
+1.0
-1.9
+1.6
-2.0
-.6
-4.7
-1.3
-.1
+.4
+1.8
-2.6
+.4
+3.1
-6.6
+.5
-4.8
-4.5
-1.7
+2.2
- 21. 5
+2.1
-1.2
+8.0
+ 1.3
+8.8
-.5
-1.1
- 3.2
30
Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments
in March and April 1935, by States— Continued
[Figures in italics are not compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
by cooperating State organizations]
Laundries
State
Dyeing and cleaning
Per
Per
Num cent
Num ber
cent
ber of payon age ofAmount
roll age
estab roll change (1pay
week) change
lish April from April
from
1935 March
ments 11)35 March
1935
Alabama..
Arizona__
Arkansas__
California..
Colorado..
Connecticut___
Delaware........
District of Co
lumbia.........
Florida...........
Georgia.........
Idaho.
Illinois..
Indiana.
Iowa__
Kansas..
Kentucky...... .
Louisiana........
Maine........... .
Maryland.......
Massachusetts...
Michigan...
Minnesota..
Mississippi..
Missouri__
Montana__
Nebraska........
Nevada..........
New Hampshire.
New Jersey......
New Mexico__
New York.......
North CarolinaNorth Dakota...
Ohio.............
Oklahoma.......
Oregon...........
Pennsylvania. _.
Rhode Island__
South Carolina..
South Dakota...
Tennessee.
Texas___
Utah......
Vermont. _
Virginia...
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin..... .
Wyoming..... .
12
12
16
i*69
451 -25.7
479 -4.2
617
4,961
31 1,436
40 1,652
4
21 2,872
22 1,306
21 2,055
13 282
ia66 3,322
39 1,849
25 878
UJ6
-3 .2
-.6
+.5
+.6
-1.7
+1.4
-10.1
+1.4
-.4
+11
+1.9
+1.4
1935
6,244
89,609
19.909
26,901
4.991
46,873
14,814
23,944
4,
67,216
26,837
11,913
+.6
+.9
+6.8
+ 3.2
+ 3.8
23,158 + 3.7
3,530 +. 6
7,“ " + 1.3
1,821
-.4
+.2
3,397 +1.6
1,653 +3.4
366 -2.4
2,731 +1.6
371 +1.1
15 926 +.9
18
-.7
45
+.1
4
210 +.5
74 7,021 + 1.4
11
642 (»)
11
224 -2.6
79 3,966 +1.0
21
925 +.7
10
307 + 1.7
39 2,814 -.5
20 1,048 (3)
8
408 +2.0
5
111 +.9
15 1,395 +.3
25 1,549 +.8
9
532 -2.0
104 3)
6
26 1,229 (+.3
14 618 +4.2
17 634 +1.0
ie$7
973 +6.2
10
196 +3.2
*No change.
28,409
96,187
-6.0
+1.8
+1.6
-1.2
+1.4
- 20.5
+2.2
34 1,743 +2.1
6
339 +1.2
27
559 +1.3
26
+ 3.0
- 4.7
11,122 +6.6
140
1935
$4,061 - 32.2
6,953 - 3.9
+ 4 .7
844
Per
Per
Num cent
Num ber
Amount cent
ber of payon age
of pay
age
estab roll change roll (1 change
lish April from week)
from
ments 1935 March April 1935 March
+1.0
+ 1 .3
53,372 + 3.8
27,756 +8.2
3,912 + 2.9
36,579 +2.0
6,762 +2.1
13,172 + 1.4
4,245 -1.6
77,950 +1.8
3,342 + 4.9
127,246 + 1.7
7, f +.3
3,419 -.8
66,158 + 3.3
11,616 + 2.3
4,1 + 3.2
43,844 +2.0
18,083 +.6
4,059 +2.6
1,348 -1.2
14,070
18,752 + 1.9
8,276 + 3.1
i,r
+.6
14,697 -.1
10,903 + 5.2
9,532! - 3.7
14,64Q\ + 10.6
3,110 + 1.1
16
267
379
62
76
135
183
27
664
191
+ 12.7
+ 15.2
+ 24.0
1935
$935
948
-2.0
+1.1
+ 11.4
+ 13.7
4,861 + 13.4
7,939 +20.2
1,111 + 13. a
1,392 + 8.9
1,921 - 4.1
2,399 + 5.3
545 + 17.0
11,599 + 16.5
3,687 + 13.5
257 +6.2
125 +6.8
194 + 7.8
3,831 + 8.7
1,784 + 9.2
3,517 + 5.9
216
2,195
+11.8
- 5.6
+ 8.3
+8.0
+ 4 .9
+13.7
1,156
524
59
1,251
64
13 228
S,
40,527
+ 15.1
+ 16.2
+ 5.4
+ 7.0
+ 10.3
+ 7.5
102 + 15.9
331 + 8.9
13 + 18.2
25,370
10,009
827
19,595
1,326
3,919
1,
7,416
485 +10.2
121 + 2.5
31 + 6.9
2,106 + 10.4
220 + 4.8
91 + 16.7
1,608 +12.6
420 + 23.9
94 +2.2
9,875
1,
537
44,223
2,840
1,715
30,789
8,116
1,250
961
2,255
8,645
2,598
1,697
6,824
4,031
4,514
+6.1
+ 3.1
501 +6.8
+8.6
106 + 14.0
441 +2.6
202 + 7.4
+1.1
(»)
10Includes dyeing and cleaning.
+1.0
+18.7
+ 30.8
+22.0
+1.8
+.2
+ 17.9
+ 10.7
+22.2
+ 13.1
+17.a
+ 23.9
+6.0
+ 3.1
+20.2
+ 4.1
+
+
+
1 5 .a
2 0 .3
3 7 .2
-.6
- 5.6
+ 3.5
+ 3.1
+ 20.9
+22.2
+2.7
+ 15.5
+12.1
+ 1.3
31
Table 9.— Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establish
ments in March and April 1935, by States— Continued
[ Figures in italics are not compiled b y the Bu r e a u of Labor Statistics, but are taken from reports issued
b y cooperating State organizations]
Banks, brokerage, a n d insurance
State
N u m b e r of N u m b e r
establish on p a y roll
men t s
April 1935
Percent
A m o u n t of
age
Percentage
change
p a y roll
(1 week) change from
from
M
a r c h 1935
April 1935
March
1935
A l a b a m a ...................................
Arizona....................................
A r k a n sas ..................................
California..................................
Colorado...................................
12
25
21
1,140
30
447
281
258
23,309
1, 210
- 0.9
+ 1.1
+2.0
+.7
-.7
$13,590
8.049
6,469
704, G09
40,683
-0.9
+.3
+ 1.1
+1.2
-2.7
Connecticut...............................
D e l a w a r e ..................................
District of C o l u m b i a .......................
Florida....................................
Georgia....................................
50
15
28
18
29
1,800
488
1,317
781
1,200
+.1
-.8
+.5
-2.7
-1.4
65,049
17,410
49,479
25,095
36,865
-.9
-.2
-1.1
-5.1
+1.1
I d a h o ......................................
Illinois.....................................
Indiana....................................
I o w a .......................................
K a n s a s ....................................
9
87
40
13
i? 47
93
11,499
1,116
967
(3)
+. 5
+.3
+.9
2,471
409,949
39,019
32,022
+2.7
+.9
-1.1
-.4
43,836
+ 1.7
K e n t u c k y ! ................................
Louisiana..................................
M a i n e .....................................
M a r y l a n d . ................................
Massachusetts.............................
22
12
14
27
827
315
250
888
30,063
13,644
6,682
36,818
1,405
-.6
m
7,746
-K6
+.3
-.4
+. 1
+0°)
230,874
— (io)
-1.6
+1.8
+.3
+. 3
M i c h i g a n ..................................
Minne s o t a .................................
Mississippi................................
Missouri...................................
M o n t a n a ..................................
1S3
57
13
75
23
6,658
4,491
181
3,984
250
-.4
+1. 6
-.5
+.3
(3)
218,456
133,413
4,106
125,973
7,050
+0°)
+3.6
-.4
-(«)'
+.1
N e b r a s k a ..................................
N e v a d a ....................................
N e w H a m p s h i r e ...........................
N e w Jersey................................
N e w M e x i c o .............. ................
16
3
32
120
11
519
15
427
13,785
115
+. 8
(3)
(3)
+.4
(’
)
18,463
483
10,458
438,311
3,102
+.9
-.6
-11.8
-5.4
+.2
N e w Y o r k .................................
N o r t h Carolina............................
N o r t h D a k o t a .............................
655
30
36
274
21
50,114
612
251
8,014
403
-.2
-1.0
+. 4
_(10)
+.7
1,775,975
17,464
6,255
273,113
14,471
-1.8
+5.4
+.4
-.9
+.4
17
O k l a h o m a .................................
O r e g o n . ...................................
Pennsylvania..............................
R h o d e Island..............................
South Carolina................ ...........
S o u t h D a k o t a .......................... .
30
661
70
8
13
1,125
+.4
39,837
1,770
109
97
-1.0
+ 1.9
(3)
+ .3
663,246
74,477
3,723
2,318
+ (!0)
+. 9
+.8
+ 1.7
+ (10)
20,300
Tennessee.................................
T e x a s ......................................
U t a h . . ....................................
V e r m o n t ...................................
Virginia...................................
21
36
16
19
43 j
848
1,151
484
150
1,437
+4.0
-.1
-.4
+.7
-.5
32,502
33,401
17,281
4,892
47,619
+3 . 8
+.2
-1.0
4-. 3
+.8
W a s h i n g t o n ...............................
W e s t Virginia..............................
W i sconsin.................................
W y o m i n g ..................................
32 |
40
29 :
0
1,489
583
i, 130
55
+.5
+.5
+. 8 j
(3)
49,573
17,058
40,239
1,5S3
-2.4
-.2
-1.5
-.3
3 N o change.
1
10 Less than M o of 1 percent.
!
17 Does not include brokerage.
32
Industrial E m p l o y m e n t a n d P a y Rolls in Principal Cities
F l u c t u a t i o n s in e m p l o y m e n t a n d pay-roll totals in April 1935 as
c o m p a r e d w i t h M a r c h 1935 in 13 cities of the U n i t e d States h a v i n g a
population of 500,000 or over are presented in table 10. T h e s e
changes are c o m p u t e d f r o m reports received f r o m identical establish
m e n t s in e a ch of the m o n t h s considered.
I n addition to reports received f r o m establishments in the several
industrial groups regularly covered in the survey of the B u r e a u
reports, excluding building construction, h a v e also b e e n secured f r o m
establishments in other industries for inclusion in these city totals.
Information concerning e m p l o y m e n t in building construction is n ot
available for all cities at this time a n d therefore h as not b e e n included.
Table 10.— Fluctuations in Emplo ym e n t and P a y Rolls in April 1935 as C o m
pared With M a r c h 1935
Cities
N e w Y o r k City ........
Chicago, 111.............
Philadelphia, P a ........
Detroit, M i c h ..........
L os Angeles, Calif......
Cleveland, Ohi o ........
St. Louis, M o ..........
Baltimore, M d .........
Boston, M a s s ...........
Pittsburgh, P a ..........
S a n Francisco, Calif....
Buffalo, N . Y ..........
Milwaukee, W i s ........
Number
of estab
lishments
reporting
in both
months
14,122
3,719
2,906
1,623
2,495
2,039
1,899
1,457
3,586
1,530
1,675
1,078
798
N u m b e r on p a y roll
March
1935
609,100
353,968
225,923
333,606
132,621
133,008
123,310
82,157
160, 292
126, 646
77,310
60,895
64,343
April
1935
614,806
359,555
226,679
334,888
130,598
135,079
125,339
85,182
160,948
127,541
79,949
62,172
65,789
Per
centage
change
from
March
1935
+0.9
+1.6
+.3
+.4
-1.5
+1.6
+1.6
+3.7
+.4
+. 7
+3.4
+2.1
+2.2
A m o u n t of p a y roll
(1 week)
March
1935
April
1935
16,158,337
8,758,705
5, 265,275
9,280,933
3,207,848
3,193,822
2,735,612
1, 775,808
3,788, 265
2,869,666
1,961,440
1,414,336
1, 467,512
16,100,327
8,895,124
5, 272,651
9,499,886
3,162,409
3, 264,181
2,760,098
1,829,695
3,770,868
2,892,332
1,995,903
1,447,994
1,503,545
Per
centage
change
from
March
1935
-0.4
+1.6
+. 1
+2.4
-1.4
+2.2
+.9
+3.0
-.5
+. 8
+1.8
+2.4
+2.5
Public Em ploym ent
A p r i l registered a sharp pick-up in Federal e m p l o y m e n t .
T h e gain
w a s especially p r o n o u n c e d in construction w o rk. T h e r e w a s a n in
crease of m o r e t h a n 50,000 in the n u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s w o r k i n g at
the site of Public W o r k s Administration construction projects. C o n
struction w o r k financed f r o m direct g o v e r n m e n t a l appropriations
provided nearly 8,000 m o r e jobs t h a n during M a r c h . T h e r e w e r e
increases also in the executive, legislative, a n d judicial services.
A s u m m a r y of Federal e m p l o y m e n t a n d pay-roll statistics in April
is given in table 11.
33
Table 11.— Summary of Federal Employment and Pay Rolls, April 1935
[Preliminary figures]
Employment
Class
April
Federal service:
Executive.......................
Judicial.........................
Legislative......................
Military........................
Construction projects financed b y
P. W . A ..........................
Construction projects financed b y
R. F. C ................... .......
Construction projects financed b y
regular governmental appropria
..............................
Relief work:
E m e r g e n c y w o r k p r o g r a m.......
E m e r g e n c y conservation w o r k . ..
i 709,977
1,859
4,830
256,491
March
2
699,708
1,831
4,759
258,650
P a y roll
Per
centage
change
April
March
+1 . 5 $106,744,129 2$100,484,610
454,664
475,804
+1 . 5
1,086,807
1,153,325
+1.5
19,977,791
-.8
19,898,971
Per
centage
change
+6.2
+4.6
+6.1
-.4
333,045
281,461
+18.3
20,939,741
17,400,798
+2 0.3
10,300
9, 586
+7.4
1,007,424
890,333
+13.2
tions
22,270
14,659
+51.9
1,378,616
862,886
+59.8
2,416,639
3 368,537
2 2,401,579
* < 294,952
-.6
+24.9
62,892,027
316,401,114
2 62,596,378
2 414,187,741
-.5
+15.6
1 Includes 1,572 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions
for April.
* Revised.
3 34,444 employees a n d a p a y roll of $4,427,852 included in executive service.
4 34,557 employees a n d a p a y roll of $4,489,706 included in executive service.
E m p l o y m e n t a n d P a y Rolls in t h e Federal Service
R e p o r t s for April indicate that there w e r e increases in e m p l o y m e n t
a n d p a y rolls in the executive, judicial, a n d legislative services of the
U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t . A decrease w a s s h o w n for the military
service. Total disbursements for p a y rolls for the m o n t h of April
a m o u n t e d to over $128,000,000.
Information concerning e m p l o y m e n t in the executive de p a r t m e n t s
is collected b y the Civil Service C o m m i s s i o n f r o m the various depart
m e n t s a n d offices of the U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t . T h e figures
are tabulated b y the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics. D a t a for the legis
lative, judicial, a n d military services are collected b y the B u r e a u of
L a b o r Statistics.
T h e n u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s in the executive d e p a r t m e n t s of the
Federal G o v e r n m e n t is s h o w n in table 12. D a t a for e m pl o y e e s w o r k
ing in the District of C o l u m b i a are s h o w n separately. A p p r o x i m a t e l y
14 percent of the e m p l o y e e s in the executive d e p a r t m e n t s w o r k in the
city of W a s h i n g t o n .
34
Table 12.— Employees in the Executive Service of the United States, April 1934,
M a rch 1935, and April 1935
District of Colu m b i a
Outside District of
Columbia
Entire service
Per
Tem
m a n e n t porary 1 Total
Per
Tem
m a n e n t porary 1 Total
Item
Tem
Per
m a n e n t porary
N u m b e r of employees:
April 1934.............
75,512
M a r c h 1935 2..........
89,956
April 1935.............
92,000
Gai n or loss:
April 1934 to April 1935. +16,488
M a r c h 1935 to April 1935 +2,044
Percentage change:
April 1934 to April 1935. +21.83
M a r c h 1935 to April 1935 +2. 27
L a b o r turn-over, April 1935:
2,328
Additions *............
977
Separations 4..........
Turn-over rate per 100.....
1.08
Total
8,338 83,850 488,362
8,606 98,562 509,444
8,949 100,949 512,794
71,896 560,258 563,874 80,234 644,108
91,702 601,146 599,400 100,308 699,708
96,234 609,028 604,794 105,183 3 709,977
+611 +17,099 +24,432 +24,338 +48,770 +40,920 +24,949 +65,869
+ 3 4 3 +2,387 , +3,350 +4,532 +7,882 +5,394 +4,875 +10,269
i
+7.33 +20.39; +5.00 +33.85 +8.70 +7.26 +13.11 +10.23
+3.99 +2.42
+.6 6 +4.94 +1.31
+ . 9 0 +4.86 + 1.47
1,933
1,180
13.80
4,261 . 10,279
2.157.
6,388
2.18
1.26
j
16,381
13,679
15. 31
26,660
20,067
3.35
12,607
7,365
1.23
18,314
14,859
15.17
30,921
22,224
3.19
1 N o t including field employees of the Post Office D e p a r t m e n t or 25,541 employees hired under letters
of authorization b y the D e p a r t m e n t of Agriculture with a p a y roll of $874,046.
* Revised.
* 1,572 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual additions for
April.
* N o t including employees transferred within the G o v e r n m e n t service as such transfers should not be
regarded as labor turn-over.
I n c o m p a r i s o n w it h the previous m o n t h a n increase of 10,000 or
1.5 percent is s h o w n in the n u m b e r of w orkers in the executive service
in April. T h e increase over the corresponding m o n t h of last year
a m o u n t e d to nearly 66,000, or 10.2 percent. E m p l o y m e n t in the
District of C o l u m b i a increased 2.4 percent c o m p a r i n g April w i t h
M a r c h a n d 20.4 percent c o m p a r i n g April 1935 w i t h the corresponding
m o n t h of the preceding year.
T a b l e 13 s h o w s e m p l o y m e n t in the executive d e p a r t m e n t s of the
U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t , b y m o n t h s , f r o m J a n u a r y 1934 to April
1935, inclusive.
Table 13.— Employment in the Executive Departments of the United States by
Months from January 1934 to April 1935
Months
District Outside
District
of
C o l u m b i a C o l uof
mbia
Total
District
of
Columbia
Outside
District
of
Columbia
Total
1934— Continued
1934
J a n u a r y..........
Febru a ry.........
M a r c h ............
April.............
M a y .............
J u n e ..............
July..............
A u g u s t ...........
Se ptember........
October..........
Months
78,045
79,913
81, 569
83,850
85,939
87,196
87,978
91, 065
92, 557
93,322
530,094
531,839
541,990
560,258
573,147
573,898
583, 531
585,772
589,280
590,183
608,139
611,752
623,559
644,108
659,086
661,094
671, 509
676.837
681.837
683, 505
N o v e m b e r ........
D e c e m b e r ........
93,827
94,050
581,615
578,223
675,442
672, 273
94,389
95,517
98,562
100,949
580,608
585,029
601,146
609,028
674,997
680, 546
* 699,708
2 709,977
1935
Jan u a r y ..........
February.........
M a r c h ............
April.............
i Revised.
3 Includes 1,572 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfer, not actual addi
tions for April.
35
In April for the first time in 5 years, e m p l o y m e n t in the executive
service exceeded 700,000.
D a t a concerning e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls for all branches of the
U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t is given in table 14, b y m o n t h s , f r o m
J a n u a r y 1934 to April 1935, inclusive.
Table 14.— Employment and Pay Roll for the United States Government, by
Months, January 1934 to April 1935
Executive service
Month
Military service
Judicial
service
Legislative
service 1
Num
Num
Num
Num
ber
A m o u n t ber
Amount
ber of A m o u n t
ber of A m o u n t
of
of
of
p
a
y
pay
e m of p a y roll e m
e m of p a y roll
em- ofroll
roll
ployees
ployees
ployploy-
Total i
E m
ployees
P a y roll
1934
January ___
February..
M a r c h ____
April......
M a y ......
J u n e ..... .
July.......
A u g u s t ___
September.
October___
November.
December-
450,498
524,296
837,493
090,283
577,479
540,629
184,175
518,203
848,540
632,505
787,487
736,351
253,097
253,599
254,634
255,211
254,982
255,227
256,350
256,625
257,355
258,187
260,300
259,968
382,945
365,135
240,513
454,878
397,551
739,952
587,571
689,866
986,672
102,969
945,771
125,003
January.... 674,997 97,614,242
F e b r u a r y . . 680,546 98,218,485
M a r c h ____ 2699,708 2100,484,610
April..... . 3709,977 106,744,129
261,254
260,478
258,650
256,491
20,362,067
20,102,126
19,977,791
19,898,971
608,139
611,752
623,559
644,108
659,086
661,094
671,509
676.837
681.837
683,505
675,442
672,273
1,780 $417,000 4,777 $966,193 867,793
1,742 430,843 4,784 1,020,803 871,877
1,854 443,505 4,799 1,022,808 884,846
1,904 432,401 4,797 1,020,924 906,020
1, ‘ 442,896 4,794 1,035,106 920,775
1,881 439,170 4,810 1,039,198 923,012
1,750 434,736 4,645 1,073,348 934,254
1,
439,014 4,655 1,072,406 939,807
1,777 486,410 4,653 1,070,956 945,622
1,846 453,217 4,632 1,070,290 948,170
1,"“ 451,653 4,630 1,070,881 942,257
938.750
1,861 446,130 4,648 1,057,
$97,216,636
104,341,077
104,544,319
104,998,486
109,453,032
111,758,949
116,279,830
119,719,489
120,392,578
122,258,981
123,255,792
122,365,480
1935
1.830
1,812
1.831
1,859
462,895
452,717
454,664
475,804
4,722
4,735
4,759
4,830
1,077,401 942,803 119,516,605
1,080,686 947,571 119,854,014
1,086,807 2964,948 2122,003,872
1,153,325.3973,157 128,272,229
1 Subject to further revision.
2 Revised.
3 Includes 1,572 employees b y transfer, previously reported as separations b y transfers, not actual addi
tions for April.
E m p l o y m e n t C r e a t e d b y t h e Public W o r k s A d m i n i s t r a t i o n F u n d
A n i n c r e a s e of m o r e t h a n 50,000 is s h o w n in the n u m b e r of w a g e
earners e m p l o y e d at the site of Public W o r k s Administration c o n
struction projects, c o m p a r i n g the current w it h the previous m o n t h .
D u r i n g April1 333,045 e m p l o y e e s w o r k e d at the site of these projects.
Pay-roll expenditures for April a m o u n t e d to nearly $21,000,000.
Orders w e r e placed for material valued at $30,000,000.
T a b l e 15 s u m marizes, b y type of project, the dat a concerning
e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls, a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d during April o n c o n
struction projects financed b y the Public W o r k s Administration fund.
1 Unless otherwise expressly stated, w h e n April is referred to in this study it m a y be accepted as m e a n i n g
the m o n t h ending Apr. 15.
36
Table 15.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public Works Funds, April 1935
[Subject to revision]
W a g e iearners
T y p e of project
Maxi
mum
number
em
ployed 1
Weekly
average
N u m b e r of
A m o u n t of m an-hours Average
earnings
p a y rolls
worked
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
Federal projects
All projects.......................
* 217,071
Building construction.............
Forestry..........................
N a v a l vessels.....................
Public roads3.....................
Reclamation......................
River, harbor, a n d flood control___
Streets a n d roads..................
W a t e r a n d sewerage...............
Miscellaneous.....................
14,405
1,576
23,514
(0
24,978
25,308
5,388
546
8,337
208,842 $13,186,273
20,939,339
$0.630
$19,174,185
12,049
1,557
23,176
113,019
23,805
21,839
4,876
486
8,035
851,350
114,197
3,075,043
3,731,500
2,471,191
1,969,398
216,129
36,937
720,528
1,113,403
142,418
3,711,755
7,765,000
3,686,655
2,800,178
423,478
54,979
1,241,473
.765
.802
.828
.481
.670
.703
.510
.672
.580
1,864,493
81,265
2,487,778
8,154,000
2,757,858
2,858,886
210,412
49,601
709,892
All projects.......................
101,873
85,076
$6,530,379
Building construction.............
Railroad construction.............
Streets a n d roads..................
W a t e r a n d sewerage...............
Miscellaneous.....................
8,656,280
$0.754
$12,079,193
43,774
9,615
11,044
35,090
2,350
36,150
9,069
8,870
29,080
1,907
2,907,162
1,010,169
459,564
1,990,111
163,370
3,302,890
1,609,906
666,256
2,864,941
212,287
.880
.627
.690
.695
.770
6,123,052
1,376,368
735,130
3,285,807
558,836
N o n - F e d e r a l projects
1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r em p l o y e d during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor a n d G o v e r n m e n t
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
* Estimated b y B u reau of Public Roads.
* N o t available; average n u m b e r included in total.
Federal construction projects are financed entirely b y allotments
m a d e b y the Public W o r k s Administration to the various d ep a r t m e n t s
a n d agencies of the Federal G o v e r n m e n t . T h e w o r k is pe r f o r m e d
either b y c o m m e r c i a l firms to w h i c h contracts h a v e b e e n a w a r d e d or
b y d a y labor hired directly b y the Federal agencies.
N o n - F e d e r a l projects are financed b y allotments m a d e b y the
Public W o r k s Administration to a State or political subdivision
thereof, or in s o m e cases to c o m me r c i a l firms. I n allotting funds to
States or their political subdivisions, the Public W o r k s A d mi n i s t r a
tion m a k e s a direct grant of not m o r e t h a n 30 percent of the total
construction cost. T h e recipient finances the remaining 70 percent.
F o r m a n y projects the additional financing is obtained as a loan f r o m
the Public W o r k s Administration. F o r other w o r k the loan is pr o
cured f r o m outside sources.
I n instances w h e r e the Public W o r k s Administration m a k e s a loan,
interest is charged a n d a time is specified during w h i c h the loan m u s t
be repaid in full.
N o grants are m a d e to c o m m e rc i a l firms. F o r the m o s t part c o m
mercial allotments h a v e b e e n m a d e to railroads. Railroad w o r k
financed b y Public W o r k s Administration loans falls u n d e r three
headings: First, construction w o r k s uch as electrification, the laying
of rails a n d ties, repairs to buildings, etc.; second, the building a n d
37
repairing of locomotives a n d passenger a n d freight cars in railroad
shops; third, the building of locomotives a n d passenger a n d freight
cars in c o m m e r c i a l shops.
D a t a concerning e m p l o y m e n t created b y railroad construction are
s h o w n in table 15, p a g e 36. E m p l o y m e n t in railway car a n d loco
m o t i v e shops is s h o w n in a separate table. (See table 17, p a g e 38.)
Increases in e m p l o y m e n t over the previous m o n t h are s h o w n o n all
types of Federal construction projects with the exception of river,
harbor, a n d flood-control work, a n d wa t e r a n d sewerage construction.
Railroad construction is the only type of non-Federal project o n w h i c h
e m p l o y m e n t failed to register a m a r k e d increase. H o u r l y earnings
o n Federal projects w e r e s o m e w h a t lower tha n o n non-Federal work.
W o r k e r s o n naval vessels d r e w the highest hourly p a y o n Federal
projects, a n d street a n d road workers the lowest. O n non-Federal
projects the highest hourly earnings occurred in building construction
a n d the lowest in railroad construction.
Comparison
T
able
by
G e o g r a p h i c Divisions
16 s h o w s , b y g e o g r a p h i c division, e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls,
a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d d u r i n g A p r i l 1935 o n F e d e r a l a n d n o n - F e d e r a l
c o n s t r u c t i o n projec ts f i n a n c e d f r o m p u b l i c w o r k s f u nds.
Table 16.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Construction Projects Financed from
Public Works Funds, April 1935
[Subject to revision]
W a g e <garners
Geographic division
Maxi
mum
number
em
ployed 1
Weekly
average
N u m b e r of Average
A m o u n t of man-hours earnings
p a y rolls
worked
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
Federal projects
All divisions *....................
N e w E n g l a n d ....................
M i d d l e Atlantic..................
East N o r t h Central..............
W e s t N o r t h Central..............
Sou t h Atlantic...................
East South Central..............
W e s t South Central..............
M o u n t a i n ........................
Pacific...........................
Outside continental United States.
217,071
9,944
18,745
16,184
37,548
40,898
27,410
27,035
19,194
14,814
5,073
208,842 $13,186,273
9,672
908,077
1,490,136
18,103
14,950
834,815
36,203
1,352,777
2,824,508
39,399
26,464
1,515,209
1,011,467
26,723
1,594,113
18,427
14,075
1,415,578
4,600
217,171
20,939,339
1,199,823
2,019,405
1,225,312
2,575,068
4,364,247
2,704,118
2,286,044
2,369,444
1,706,343
454,640
$0.630
.757
.738
.681
.525
.647
.560
.442
.673
.830
.478
* $19,174,185
663,329
1,630,551
404,652
799,423
2,118,388
1,436,914
237,240
1,999,378
1,334,006
394,742
$0.754
$12,079,193
1.125.037
3,358,735
1,838,849
1,507,238
1.434.037
573,608
1,000,956
295,580
882,425
62,728
N o n - F e d e r a l projects
All divisions.....................
N e w E n g l a n d ....................
M i d d l e Atlantic..................
East N o r t h Central..............
W e s t N o rth Central..............
South Atlantic...................
East South Central...............
W e s t South Central..............
M o u n t a i n ........................
Pacific...........................
Outside continental United States.
101,873
10,673
19,958
12,965
11,986
19,297
5,114
9,201
2,047
9,840
792
85,076
8,593
16, 599
10,847
9,893
17,182
4,162
7,238
1,604
8,341
617
$6,530,379 ! 8,656,280
825,142
658,329
1,752,303
1,546,525
1,028,024
914,250
690,367
982,449
2,215,778
1,394,193
339,569
212,820
384,570
634,391
112,890
141,958
586,225
683,038
53,628
30,210
.798
.883
.889
.703
.629
.627
.606
.795
.858
.563
i M a x i m u m n u m b e r em p l o y e d during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor a n d G o v e r n m e n t
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
* Includes data for 226 w a g e earners which cannot be charged to a n y specific geographic division.
* Includes $8,15 4,000 estimated value of material orders placed for public-road projects w h i c h cannot b e
charged to a n y specific geographic division.
38
O f the total of 319,000 workers e n g a g e d at the site of construction
projects, m o r e t h a n 60,000 w e r e e m p l o y e d in the S o u t h Atlantic
States. N e a r l y 50,000 w e r e w o r k i n g in the W e s t N o r t h Central
States. T h e W e s t S o u t h Central States s h o w e d the lowest aver a g e
earnings per h o u r o n b o t h Federal a n d non-Federal projects. T h e
highest hourly earnings o n Federal projects occurred in the Pacific
States, a n d o n non-Federal construction in the E a s t N o r t h Central
States.
T a b l e 17 shows, b y geographic divisions, e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls,
a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d in railway car a n d locomotive shops o n w o r k
financed f r o m the Public W o r k s Administration f u n d during April
1935.
Table 17.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Railway Car and Locomotive Shops
on W o r k Financed F r o m Public Works Funds, April 1935
[Subject to revision]
W a g e «jarncrs
Geographic division
Total, railroad a n d commercial
shops...........................
Maxi
mum
Semi
n u m b e r mon t h l y
em
average
ployed 1
14.101
(2)
u m b e r of Average
A m o u n t of Nman-hours
earnings
p a y rolls
per hour
worked
$1, 223,089
1,792,093
V a l u e of
material
orders
placed
$0.682
$391,788
Ra ilroad s h o p s
All divisions......................
5,713
5,201
$333,807
463,455
$0. 720
$391, 788
N e w E n g l a n d ................... .
M i d d l e Atlantic. ..................
East N o r t h Central...............
W e s t N o r t h Central..............
South Atlantic....................
M o u n t a i n ...................... ..
Pacific............................
491
3,026
460
1,007
149
221
359
491
2,716
422
918
138
211
305
56,931
150,821
21,745
64,807
10,540
10,799
18,158
81, 270
200,700
31,351
90,831
16,651
16,305
26, 281
.700
.751
.694
.713
.633
.600
.691
14, 276
65,250
19,746
56,317
211,516
10,377
14,306
Com m e r c i a l shops
All divisions......................
8,388
(2)
$889, 282
1,328,638
$0. 669
(2)
N e w E n g l a n d .....................
M i d d l e Atlantic..................
East N o rth Central...............
W e s t N orth Central..............
South Atlantic....................
382
7,016
209
690
1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
38,179
748,330
3S, 358
64,323
86
65,255
1,084,714
49,857
128,698
114
.585
.690
.769
.500
.754
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
* M a x i m u m n u m b e r e m p l o y e d during either semimonthly period b y each shop.
2 D a t a not available.
A s c o m p a r e d w i t h the previous m o n t h , there w a s a n increase in the
n u m b e r of workers e n g a g e d in the building a n d repairing of l o c o m o
tives a n d passenger a n d freight cars.
39
M o nthly
Trend
T a b l e 18 s h o w s e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls, a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d
o n public w o r k s projects since the inception of the p r o g r a m in July
1933 to April 1935, inclusive.
Table 18,— Employment and P a y Rolls, July 1933 to April 1935, Inclusive, on
Projects Financed from Public Works Funds
[Subject to revision]
Maximum
n u m b e r of
wage
earners»
M o n t h a n d year
July 1933 to April 1935, inclusive.......
A m o u n t of
p a y rolls
N u m b e r of
man-hours
wo r k e d
$408,469,811
686,399,099
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
$0.595 $800,913,844
1933
July...................................
A u g u s t ................................
S e p t ember.............................
October................................
N o v e m b e r .............................
D e c e m b e r .............................
267
4,719
39,535
146,747
255,512
300,758
26,433
131,937
1,784,996
6,353,835
11,552,547
13,091,587
35,217
206,990
3,296,162
12,029,751
21,759,245
24,391, 546
.751
.637
.542
.528
.531
.537
202,100
1,628, 537
2 23,351,150
24, 568, 577
25, 702, 7.50
1934
January...............................
F e b ruary..............................
M a r c h .................................
April..................................
M a y ...................................
J u n e ...................................
July...................................
A u g u s t ................................
September.............................
October................................
N o v e m b e r .............................
D e c e m b e r .............................
298,069
311,381
307,274
382,220
506,056
610,752
644,729
602,360
549,624
507,886
470,467
382,594
12,646,241
14,348,094
14,113,247
18,785,405
25,942,387
33,808,429
34,845,461
35,126,409
31,688,655
29,289,216
28,791,297
22,443,944
23,409,908
26, 544,346
25, 501,446
32,937,649
46,052,698
59,873,309
60, 736, 768
59,911,341
51,652,890
46,632, 214
46,454,108
34,955,156
.540
.541
.553
.570
.563
.565
.574
.586
.613
.628
.620
.642
24,206,352
25,269, 537
3 69,766, 559
3 68,526, 223
3 50,468,427
3 60,797,939
3 53,377,997
3 53,282,956
3 50,685,634
3 50, 234,495
54, 228,457
3 45,683,081
1935
J a n u a r y...............................
F e b ruary..............................
M a r c h .................................
April..................................
304,723
272, 273
281,461
333,045
18,462,677
16,896,475
17,400,798
20,939,741
27,478,022
25,144,558
26,008,063
31, 387, 712
.672
.672
.669
.667
3 30,746,857
29,264,484
27, 276, 566
31,645,166
1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r employed during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor an d G o v e r n m e n t
agency doing force-account work. Includes weekly average for public-road projects.
2 Includes orders placed for material for naval vessels prior to October 1933.
3 Includes orders placed b y railroads for n e w equipment.
Since the beginning of the p r o g r a m e m ployees o n Public W o r k s
Administration construction projects h a v e b e e n paid m o r e than $408,000,000. Their earnings h a v e averaged nearly 60 cents per hour.
D u r i n g this period practically $800,000,000 has b e e n e x p e n d e d for
materials.
V a l u e of Material O rde r s Placed
T h e value of materials for w h i c h orders h a v e b e e n placed f r o m the
beginning of the public w o r k s p r o g r a m to April 1935, b y type of
material, is s h o w n in table 19.
40
Table 19.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Public Works Projects, by Type
of Material
[Subject to revision]
Value of material orders
placed—
T y p e of material
All materials...........................................................
Aircraft (new)......................................................... .
Airplane parts..... ........ ... ............ ... ..................... .
A l u m i n u m manufactures........................ ..................... .
A m m u n i t i o n a n d related products......................................
Asbestos products, not elsewhere classified............................. .
Awnings, tents, canvas, etc............................................ .
Belting, miscellaneous........ ........................................ .
Boats, steel a n d w o o d e n (small)....................................... .
Bolts, nuts, washers, etc..... ............................... ......... .
Brick, hollow' tile, a n d other clay products................ ...... .....
Carpets a n d rugs...................................................... .
Carriages a n d w^agons......................................... .........
Cast-iron pipe a n d fittings.................................. ..... .....
C e m e n t .......................................................... .....
Chemicals...................................... ......................
Coal...................................................................
C o m p r e ssed a n d liquefied gases..................................... —
Concrete products............................................... ......
Co p p e r products.......................................................
Cordage a n d twine...................... ............ ................ .
C o r k products, not elsewhere classified............... ................ .
Cotton goods............................................... ............
Creosote............................... ...... ............. — ....... .
C r u shed stone--------- ------------------------- ---------------- ---- Doors, shutters, an d wi n d o w ’sash a n d frames, molding a n d trim (metal)
Electric wiring a n d fixtures........ ............................... ....
Electrical machinery, apparatus, a n d supplies......................... .
Elevators a n d parts.....................................................
Engines, turbines, tractors, a n d water wheels.......................... .
Explosives..............................................................
Felt goods............................................................. .
Firearms...............................................................
Forgings, iron, a n d steel................................................
F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products, not elsewThare classified...........
Furniture, including store a n d office fixtures............................
Glass..................................................................
Hardware, miscellaneous...............................................
Keating a n d ventilating e q u i p m e n t ....................................
Instruments, professional a n d scientific.................................
Jute goods.............................................................
L e a d products.........................................................
L i m e .............................. — ..... ............................
L i n o l e u m ..............................................................
Locomotives, other than s t e a m .........................................
Locomotives, steam ....................................................
L u m b e r a n d timber products, not elsewhere classified..................
M a c h i n e tools.... .................................... ................
Marble, granite, slate, a n d other stone products........................
Mattresses a n d bed springs.............................................
Meters (gas, water, etc.) a n d gas generators.............................
Minerals a n d earths, ground or otherwise treated.......................
M o d e l s a n d patterns......... ..........................................
Motorcycles an d parts....... ..........................................
M o t o r vehicles, passenger............... ...............................
M o t o r vehicles, trucks..................................................
Nails a n d spikes.... ...................................................
Nonferrous-metal alloys a n d products, not elsewhere classified... ......
Paints a n d varnishes...................................................
Paper products.........................................................
Paving materials a n d mixtures, not elsewhere classified.................
Petroleum products....................................................
Photographic apparatus a n d materials..................................
Planing-mill products..................................................
P l u m b i n g supplies, not elsewhere classified.............................
P u m p s an d p u m p i n g e q u i p m e n t .......................................
Rad i o apparatus an d supplies..........................................
Rail fastenings, excluding spikes........................................
Rails, steel.............................................................
Railway cars, freight...................................................
Railway cars, mail a n d express.........................................
Railway cars, passenger................................................
Refrigerators, a n d refrigerating a n d ice-making machinery..............
F r o m begin
Dur i n g
ning of pro m o n t h ending
g r a m to M ar.
Apr. 15, 1935
15, 1935
$769, 268,678
$31,645,166
5, 755, 768
5,080,571
232, 390
12, 327
772, 270
30,097
65,567
460
183, 786
21,184
28, 982
1, 651
1, 281, 973
5, 262
2,383,359
89, 365
789,850
9, 644,135
44, 786
325
28,893
145
14, 514, 552
1,112,613
3,353,892
101, 884,305
236, 232
21,855
1, 248,336
52,154
236, 517
fi,683
827, 581
14, 643,325
517,655
24, 528
225,368
7, 697
76,983
3, 623
79, 661
6, 627
511,215
27,152
28,037,683
1.166,079
3, 628,172
291. 493
3,961,402
503,685
38, 626, 299
1,084,048
506,800
185,219
8,419,803
717,535
3, 137, 748
162,125
168, 654
327
772,981
3,824,925
165,435
80, 607,185
2,964,758
1,725,397
140,339
663,068
60,345
3, 750,416
274,125
6,888,155
622,169
1,656,988
27,077
54,340
3,484
169,723
18,614
169,904
1,836
56,114
14,369
11,813,333
6,837,064
36,584,919 .... i,’
439,‘
959
4, 789, 569
221,813
12,520,195
457,545
15,805
248
298, 284
24,499
102,823
146
14,094
688
274,395
483,588
3,657
8, 573, 200
15,021
751, 248
69,992
1,139,056
62. 205
1, 720, 709
86,082
45,903
1,576
11,969,447
386,924
22,693,459
1,062,180
158,646
470
4,386,377
191,393
7,472,616
393,760
8,686,181
481,052
8,848
658,878
5,202,501
399,488
18,013,011
770,831
35,392,551
2,373
429,443
7,527,435
603,736
8,496
41
Table 19.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Public Works Projects, by Type
of Material— Continued
Value of material orders
placed—
T y p e of material
F r o m begin
Dur i n g
ning of pro
g r a m to Mar . m o n t h ending
Apr.
15, 1935
15, 1935
Roofing materials, not elsewhere classified................... ............. '! $2,286,370
R u b b e r goods........................................... .................
356,431
Sacks a n d bags.............................. .......................... .
20,593
S a n d a n d gravel
... .................. .................
.........
48,133,886
Sheet-metal w o r k .... .... .................. ....... .....................
2,237,003
Springs, steel ... .............. ..... ...................................
587,917
S t e a m a n d other packing, pipe a n d boiler covering, a n d gaskets....... .....
669, 316
Steel-works an d rolling-mill products, other than steel rails, including struc
111,276,583
tural and ornamental metal w o r k ........................... ....... ....
204,505
Stoves an d ranges, other than electric........................... ..........
549,910
Switches, railway.............. .......................... ..... ...... ...
36,897
Theatrical scenery an d stage e q u i p m e n t ...................................
1,000,718
Tiling, floor and wall, a n d terrazzo.. ....... ..................... ......
3,993,738
Tools, other than machine tools...........................................
110, 710
Upholstering materials, not elsewhere classified............................
1,940. 743
W all plaster, wall board, insulating board, an d floor composition..........
24,010
W a s t e ....... ........... ...............................................
82, 224
W i n d o w and door screens a n d weatherstrip................................
77,983
Window' shades an d fixtures...............................................
4, 333,049
Wire products, not elsewhere classified....................................
694, 249
W r o u g h t pipe.....
...... .................................................
27,103
Zinc products.......... .................... ............. ................
34,345, 222
Other materials........ ........... .......................................
$159,804
14,347
519
1,886,834
70,286
695
42,441
6,558,977
394
25,789
2,308
156,600
116,753
732
163,147
66
2,443
6,906
230,553
116,676
25,910
1,169,607
Since the inception of the public w o r k s p r o g r a m orders h a v e bee n
placed for materials valued at over $800,000,000. It is estimated
that in fabricating this material approximately 2,625,000 m a n - m o n t h s
of labor h a v e b e e n or will be created.
A p p r o x i m a t e l y 100,000 m a n - m o n t h s of labor will be created in the
m a n u f a c t u r e of material for w h i c h purchase orders w e r e placed d u r
ing April 1935. This accounts only for labor required in the fabrica
tion of material in the f o r m in w h i c h it is to be used. In the m a n u
facture of brick, for example, only the labor e m p l o y e d in the m a n u
facturing process is included. N o estimate is m a d e of the labor
required in taking the clay f r o m the pits or in transporting the clay
a n d other materials used in the brick plant. I n fabricating steel
rails only labor in the rolling mills is c o u n t ed — not labor created in
mining, smelting, a n d transporting the ore, nor labor in the blast
furnaces, the open-hearth furnaces, nor the b l o o m i n g mills.
In obtaining data concerning the m a n - m o n t h s of labor created in
fabricating material, blanks are sent to each firm receiving a material
order f r o m the U n i t e d States G o v e r n m e n t or f r o m State g o v e r n m e n t s
or political subdivisions thereof, to b e financed f r o m the public w o r k s
fund, asking t h e m to estimate the n u m b e r of m a n - h o u r s of labor
created in their plant in m a n u f a c t u r in g the material specified in the
contract. F o r materials purchased directly b y contractors o n the
job, the B u r e a u estimates the m a n - m o n t h s of labor created. This
estimate is m a d e b y using the experience of the m a n u f a c t ur i n g plants
as s h o w n b y the C e n s u s of Manufactures, 1933.
42
Emergency-Work Program
T h e b e w a s a gain of 9,000 in the n u m b e r of w orkers e m p l o y e d b y
the e m e r g e n c y - w o r k p r o g r a m of the Federal E m e r g e n c y Relief
Administration, c o m p a r i n g the last w e e k in April wi t h the last w e e k
in M a r c h . C o m p a r i n g the s a m e t w o periods, p a y rolls increased
b y $250,000.
T h e n u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s a n d the a m o u n t s of p a y rolls for workers
o n the e m e r g e n c y - w o r k p r o g r a m for w e e k s ending M a r c h 2 8 a n d
April 25 are s h o w n in table 20.
Table 30.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work Pro
gram, Weeks Ending M a r c h 28 and April 25, 1935
[Subject to revision]
N u m b e r of employees w e e k
ending—
A m o u n t of p a y roll w e e k
ending—
Geographic division
Apr. 25
All divisions..................................
Percentage change____________________________
M a r . 28
1,741,196
+. 51
N e w E n g l a n d ................................
162,503
M i d d l e Atlantic..............................
228,768
East North Central..........................
277,047
W e s t North Central..........................
283,683
South Atlantic...............................
237,188
East South Central— .......................
159, 350
W e s t South Central..........................
185, 254
M o u n t a i n ..................... ..............
61,192
_____________________
Pacific__________________
146,211
Apr. 25
1,732,386
$15,951,399
+1.66
157,494
221,996
258,603
302,809
230,855
145.904
191,989
66,425
156,311
2,027,587
3,657,037
2,730,023
2,024,194
1,209,838
804, 604
1,047,768
608,242
1,842,106
M a r . 28
$15,691,155
1,892,778’
3,473,0862,573,128
2,232,3961, 249,868
703,987
1,073,011
677,834
1,815,067
Increases in the n u m b e r of w o r kers e m p l o y e d o n e m e r g e n c y - w o r k
projects w e r e s h o w n in five geographic divisions, a n d decreases in
four.
T a b l e 21 s h o w s the n u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s a n d the a m o u n t s of p a y
rolls o n the e m e r g e n c y - w o r k p r og r a m , b y m o n t h s , f r o m the inception
of the w o r k in M a r c h 1934 to April 1935, inclusive.
Table 21.- -Employment and P a y Rolls for Workers on Emergency-Work
Program, March 1934 to April 1935
Month
N u m b e r of A m o u n t of
employees > p a y roll *
1934
M a r c h .......
April.........
M a y .........
J u n e .........
July..........
A u g u s t .......
S e p t e m ber ____
October......
1 Revised.
22,934
1,176,818
1,362,764
1,504,908
1,725,517
1,924,173
1,950, 227
1,996, 716
$842,000
38,970,679
42,711,283
42,419, 720
47,367,349
54,921,432
50, 290,050
53,904,948
Month
N u m b e r of A m o u n t of
employees t p a y roll1
1934— Continued.
N o v e m b e r ..........
D e c e m b e r ...........
2,159,145
2,325, 753
$62,849,772'
62,369,648
1935
January.............
February ...........
M a r c h ..............
April................
2,472,091
2,459,717
2,401, 579
2,416, 639
71,685,663
63,906, 282
62, 596,378
62,892,027
43
T h e r e w e r e fewer people e m p l o y e d o n this p r o g r a m in April tha n
during the previous m o n t h s of 1934. It is estimated that there w e r e
2.400.000 people e m p l o y e d o n the e m e r g e n c y - w o r k p r o g r a m of the
Federal E m e r g e n c y Relief Administration during April. This does
no t m e a n , however, that at a n y given w e e k this total w a s reached.
B e c a u s e of the fact that a limit is placed o n the earnings of employees,
not m o r e t h a n 70 percent of this n u m b e r are w o r k i n g at a n y o n e time.
E m e r g e n c y Conservation W o r k
T h e n u m b e r of m e n in Civilian Conservation C a m p s increased b y
70.000 during the m o n t h of April. O n April 30 there w e r e over
368.000 m e n w o r k i n g o n e m e r g e n c y conservation work. T h e s e m e n
w e r e paid over $16,000,000 for their m o n t h ’
s work.
I n addition to their pay, the enrolled personnel received free board,
clothing, a n d medical attention.
D a t a concerning e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls for each type of w o r k e r
e n g a g e d in e m e r g e n c y conservation w o r k during the m o n t h s of
M a r c h a n d April 1935 are s h o w n in table 22.
Table 22.— Employment and Pay Rolls in Emergency Conservation Work,
March and April 1935
[Revised]
N u m b e r of employees
A m o u n t of p a y rolls
Group
April
March
April
March
All groups........ ...........................
368,537
294,952
$16,401,114
$14,187,741
Enrolled personnel....... ....................
Reserve oflBcers........ ......................
Educational advisers 1........................
Supervisory a n d technical2...................
325,790
6,687
1,451
3 34,609
251,707
6,660
1,483
«35,102
10,174,422
1,669,062
241,550
3 4,316,080
7,860,807
1,660,386
236,808
< 4,429,740
1 Included in executive service table.
2 Includes carpenters, electricians, a n d laborers.
3 32,993 employees a n d p a y roll of $4,186,302 included in executive service table.
4 33,074 employees a n d p a y roll of $4,252,898 included in executive service table.
I n addition to the increase in the enrolled personnel, there w a s a
gain also in the n u m b e r of reserve officers. T h e r e w a s a slight
decrease in the n u m b e r of educational advisers, a n d of the super
visory a n d technical employees, c o m p a r i n g April with M a r c h .
Information concerning e m p l o y m e n t a n d p a y rolls for e m e r g e n c y
conservation w o r k is collected b y the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics
f r o m the W a r D e p a r t m e n t , D e p a r t m e n t of Agriculture, T r ea s u r y
D e p a r t m e n t , a n d the D e p a r t m e n t of the Interior. T h e p a y of the
enrolled personnel is figured as follows: 5 percent are paid $45 per
m o n t h ; 8 percent, $3 6 per m o n t h ; a n d the remaining 87 percent,
$ 3 0 per m o n t h .
44
T h e n u m b e r of em p l o y e e s a n d the a m o u n t s of p a y rolls for each
m o n t h , J a n u a r y 1934 to April 1935, inclusive, are presented in
table 23.
Table 33.- -Monthly Totals of Employees and Pay Rolls in Emergency C o n
servation Work, January 1934 to April 1935
N u m b e r of
employees
Month
1934
January...... .
Fe b r u a ry.... .
M a r c h ....... .
April......... .
M a y .........
J u n e __________
July..........
A u g u s t .......
S e p t e m b e r ____
331,594
321,829
247, 591
314,664
335,871
280,271
389,104
385,340
335, 785
A m o u n t of
pay roll
$13,581,
13,081,
10,792,
13,214,
14,047,
12,641,
16,032,
16,363,
15,022,
N u m b e r of A m o u n t of
employees
p a y roll
Month
1934— Continued
October............ .
N o v e m b e r ......... .
D e c e m b e r .......... .
391,894
387,329
350,028
$16,939, 595
10,622,110
15,414,634
1935
January ............ .
February ..........
M a r c h ............. .
April............... .
398,717
373,847
i 294,952
368,537
16,761,696
16,320,028
i 14,187,741
16,401,114
1 Revised.
State R o a d Projects
E m p l o y m e n t o n State roads during April increased b y approxi
m a t e l y 35,000, a gain of nearly 30 percent as c o m p a r e d w i t h the
preceding m o n t h . April p a y rolls a m o u n t e d to over $5,000,000.
T h e n u m b e r of e mp l o y e e s e n g a g e d in building a n d maintaining
State roads during M a r c h a n d April 1935 is sh o w n , b y geographic
divisions, in table 24.
Table 24.- -Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads by
Geographic Divisions, M arch and April 1935 1
New
N u m b e r of
employees
Geographic division
Mainte n a n c e
A m o u n t of pay roll
April
March
April
All divisions...........
Percentage change.....
24,193
+31.5
18,391
$774,380
+20.3
N e w E n g l a n d ..........
M i d d l e Atlantic.......
East N or t h Central
W e s t N or t h Central___
South Atlantic.........
East South Central....
W e s t South Central___
M o u n t a i n .............
Pacific.................
O u t s i d e continental
United States........
1,008
1,510
3,631
2,563
7,702
1,553
2,004
1,383
2,839
542
750
1,772
1,622
6,424
1,367
1,722
1,350
2,842
47,124
71,130
102,8(53
73,591
105,330
35,553
76,006
69,777
132,994
March
N u m b e r of
employees
April
$643,618 135,484
+25.3
28,258
47,189
87,230
52,398
93,173
36,244
65,177
85,031
148,312
March
A m o u n t of p a y roll
April
j March
!
108,149 $4,280,478 $4, 252, 707
+.8
5,903
35,199
23,263
12, 291
26,377
11,329
9,870
5,152
5,906
5,693
22,645
18,872
11,385
21,820
7,692
9,192
4,315
6,416
257,915
807,205
083,005
414, 591
699,622
203,256
512,988
287,745
350, 759
317,645
728,676
743.390
426.837
669,348
215, 584
429,183
286,724
429,013
134
119
9,392
6, 307
i Excluding e m p l o y m e n t furnished b y projects financed from public works fund.
O f those e m p l o y e d o n State road projects, 24,000 or 15.2 percent
w e r e w o r k i n g in building n e w roads a n d 135,000 or 84.8 percent in
repairing a n d maintaining existing roads.
In table 25 is s h o w n the n u m b e r of e m p l o y e e s e n g a g e d in the c o n
struction a n d m a i n t e n a n c e of State roads during the m o n t h s , J a n u a r y
1934
to April 1935, inclusive.
45
Table 25.— Employment on Construction and Maintenance of State Roads,
January 1934 to April 1935 1
N u m b e r of employees working o n —
Total p a y
roll
Month
N e w roads
Maintenance
Total
1934
J a nuary......................................
February.....................................
M a r c h ........................................
April.........................................
M a y ............... .........................
J u n e ................................... ......
July..........................................
A u g u s t .......................................
September........ ..........................
October.................................... .
N o v e m b e r ...................................
D e c e m b e r ... ................................
25,345
22,311
19,985
21,510
27,161
37,642
45,478
53,540
61,865
71,008
66,106
41,919
136,440
126,904
132,144
136,038
167,274
170,879
168,428
180,270
188,323
169,235
159,451
134,680
161,785
149,215
152,129
157,548
194,435
208,521
213,900
233,810
250,188
240,243
225,557
176,599
$8,684,109
7,131,604
7,989,765
8,407,644
10,275,139
11,221,299
11,255,685
12,435.163
13,012,305
12, 439,738
11,919,683
6,756,087
1935
Jan u a r y .......... ...........................
February............. .......................
M a r c h ......................... ..... .......
April.......................... .......... ...
23,537
17,940
18,391
24,193
120,283
122,209
108,149
135,484
143,820
140,149
126,540
159,677
4,864,899
4,575,171
4,896,325
5,060,858
i Excluding e m p l o y m e n t furnished b y projects financed from public works fund.
T h e various State g o v e r n m e n t s e m p l o y e d m o r e people during April
1935 in building n e w roads a n d in maintaining existing roads than
w e r e e m p l o y e d o n either type of w o r k during a n y of the previous
m o n t h s of 1935.
R e c o n s t r u c t i o n F i n a n c e C o r p o r a t i o n C o n s t r u c t i o n Projects
M o r e than 10,000 w a g e earners are still e m p l o y e d at the site of
Reconstruction F i na n c e Corporation construction projects. T h e
n u m b e r e m p l o y e d o n this p r o g r a m in April totaled 800 m o r e than
w e r e e m p l o y e d in M a r c h . T h e 10,300 workers w e r e paid over
$1,000,000 during April.
In table 26 are presented data concerning e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls,
a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n construction projects financed b y the
Reconstruction F i n a n ce Corporation during April 1935, b y type of
project.
Table 26.— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Reconstruc
tion Finance Corporation, by Type of Project, April 1935
[Subject to revision]
T y p e of project
Number
of w a g e
earners
Amount
of p a y
rolls
N u m b e r of
man-hours
worked
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
All projects...................... .......
10,300
$1,007,424
1,389,072
$0.725
$2,517,175
Bridges..................................
Building construction....................
Railroad construction____________________
Reclamation.............................
W a t e r a n d sewerage.....................
Miscellaneous............... ...........
2,807
349
56
967
5,030
1,091
265,207
25,193
4,611
42,901
546,446
123,066
309,593
26,860
6,835
107,214
753,646
184,924
.857
.938
.675
.400
.725
.665
1,134,977
114,329
3,485
12,624
881,679
370,081
46
D u r i n g April hourly earnings averaged 7 2 y2 cents, ranging f r o m a
l o w of 40 cents per h o u r o n reclamation projects to a high of 94 cents
per h o u r for building construction. M o r e t h a n $2,500,000 w o r t h of
construction materials w^ere pu r ch a s e d during the m o n t h .
T h e n u m b e r of employees, the a m o u n t s of p a y rolls, a n d the n u m
ber of m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n construction projects financed b y the
Reconstruction F i n a n c e Corporation during April are given, b y
geographic divisions, in table 27.
Table 27.— Employment and Pay Rolls for Projects Financed by the Recon
struction Finance Corporation, by Geographic Division, April 1935
[Subject to revision]
Geographic division
N u m b e r of
N u m b e r of A m o u n t of man-hours
employees
p a y rolls
worked
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
10,300
$1,007,424
1,389,072
$0.725
$2,517,175
571
M i d d l e Atlantic.............. ..........
East N or t h Central......................
457
East South Central......................
23
142
W e s t South Central.....................
M o u n t a i n ________
____ _____ _____ _
967
...................................
Pacific 8,140
37,474
42,833
1,807
19, 262
42,901
863,147
42,196
39,620
2,418
20,004
107, 214
1,177,620
.888
1.081
.747
.963
.400
.733
1,084,472
24,711
1,985
All divisions.............................
12,624
1,393,383
F o u r of the six geographic divisions in w h i c h these construction
projects are located s h o w e d increases in e m p l o y m e n t , c o m p a r i n g
April with M a r c h .
T a b l e 28 s h o w s data concerning e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls, a n d m a n hours w o r k e d during the m o n t h s of April 1934 to April 1935, inclusive,
o n construction projects financed b y the Reconstruction F i n a n c e
Corporation.
Table 28*— Employment and Pay Rolls on Projects Financed by the Recon
struction Finance Corporation, April 1934 to April 1935
[Subject to revision]
Month
N u m b e r o f :iA m o u n t of N u m b e r of
w a g e earn-1 pa y rolls man-hours
worked
ers
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
1934
April....................................
M a y .....................................
J u n e .....................................
Ju l y .....................................
A u c u s t ..................................
■September...............................
October..................................
N o v e m b e r ....................... .......
D e c e m b e r ..................... .........
18,731
19,429
19,022
17,475
17,221
16,809
17,482
16,502
14,321
$1,516,915
1,649,920
1,676,075
1,612,848
1,697,161
1,637,047
1, 596,996
1,621,468
1,337,719
2,308,580
2,358,966
2,314,136
2,141,945
2,282,181
2,203,881
2,181,846
2,233,928
1,859,226
$0.657
.699
.724
.753
.744
.743
.732
.726
.720
$2,357,408
2,143,864
2,230,065
2,402,174
2,381,887
2,579,969
2,274,174
2,856,371
2,440,620
1935
J a n u a r y .................................
F e b r u a ry................................
M a r c h ...................................
April....................................
11,180
10,373
9,586
10,300
1.054,708
1,048,593
890,333
1,007,424
1,484,190
1,457,662
1, 253,493
1,389,072
.711
.719
.710
.725
3,966,718
5,028,547
1,072,886
2,517,175
47
A l t h o u g h there w a s a gain of approximately 80 0 in the n u m b e r of
e m p l o ye e s in April as c o m p a r e d with the preceding m o n t h , there w a s
a decrease of m o r e than 8,000 as c o m p a r e d with April 1934.
T h e value of materials for w h i c h orders h a v e b e e n placed since
M a r c h 15, 1934, b y contractors w o r k i n g o n Reconstruction F i n a n c e
Corporation construction projects is given in table 29, b y type of
material.
Table 29.— Value of Material Orders Placed for Projects Financed by the Recon
struction Finance Corporation, by Type of Material
Value of material orders
placed—
T y p e of material
All material................................................................
Asphalt an d paving materials....................... ...... ...............
Bolts, nuts, rivets, etc.....................................................
Cast-iron pipe a n d fittings.................................................
C e m e n t ....................................................................
C lay products.............................................................
Coal.......................................................................
Compressed a n d liquefied gases............................................
Concrete products.........................................................
Copp e r products...........................................................
Cordage a n d twine........................................................
Cotton goods..............................................................
Crushed stone.............................................................
Electrical machinery a n d supplies.........................................
Explosives.................................................................
Felt goods, etc......... .... ..............................................
F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified..............
Fuel oil..................................................................
Gasoline...................................................................
Glass....................................................................
Hardware, miscellaneous..................................................
Insulation materials.......................................................
L i m e ....................................................................
Lubricating oils a n d greases................................................
L u m b e r a n d timber products..............................................
Marble, granite, slate, a n d other stone products........ ........ ........
M o t o r vehicles a n d supplies...... ...................... ..............
Paints a n d varnishes.................................................... .
P l u m b i n g supplies___ ____ ______________ _________________ _____________ .
P u m p s a n d p u m p i n g e q u i p m e n t ...................... ..................
Rails, railway.............................................................
Roofing....................................................................
R u b b e r goods............................ ............. .............. ....
S a n d a n d gravel .
. . _ .......... ................................. ....
Sheet-metal wo r k s .... ............................................... .....
S t e a m a n d hot-water heating apparatus_
. . ______ ________________ .
Steel-works a n d rolling-mill products
- - - . - - - __ _____
Tools..................... ................................................
W i r e a n d wirework, not elsewhere classified______ __________ ______________
Other.... ......... .......................................................
F r o m Mar.
1934 to M a r .
15, 1935
During period
M a r . 15 to
Apr. 15, 1935
$31,737,683
$2,517,175
31,453
9,115
388,074
1,490,368
328,601
52,689
46,861
1, 489,514
1,750,622
6,819
51,522
37,477
940.836
998.836
4,447
2,389,830
49, 241
358,938
3,157
472,543
67,437
8,850
36,101
1,279,745
102,402
132,834
30,060
232,530
12,844
30,318
4,516
38,790
451,112
54, 518
69,619
16,687, 784
82,393
267,722
1,247,165
14,278
86,938
20,926
5,098
78,428
207,625
........ 3,"175
....... 30,'993
48,059
...... 251,'927
20,001
106,035
2,045
52,965
2,137
1,230
9,231
2,157
....... "2."439
19,449
21,833
1,443,863
5,717
3,680
76,946
Purchase orders h a v e be e n placed for materials valued at m o r e
than $34,000,000 during the 1 3 - m o n t h period ending April 15. O f
this a m o u n t m o r e than half has been spent for steel-works a n d rollingmill products.
48
E m p l o y m e n t o n C o n s t r u c t i o n Projects F i n a n c e d f r o m R e g u l a r
G o v e r n m e n t a l Appropriations
T h e n u m b e r of em pl o y e e s w o r k i n g at the site of construction proj
ects financed f r o m g o v e r n m e n t a l appropriations m a d e b y the C o n
gress direct to the various executive d e p a r t m e nt s s h o w e d a gain of
nearly 8,000 in April. D u r i n g this m o n t h nearly 22,300 work e r s
w e r e e m p l o y e d at the site of these construction projects. T h e s e
m e n we r e paid nearly $1,400,000.
Increases w e r e s h o w n in the n u m b e r of workers e m p l o y e d o n all
types of construction except w a te r a n d sewerage systems. T h e
pick-up w a s especially p r o n o u n c e d in river, harbor, a n d flood-control
w o r k a n d building construction.
W h e n e v e r a construction contract is a w a r d e d or force-account
w o r k is started b y a d e p a r t m e n t or unit of the Federal G o v e r n m e n t ,
the B u r e a u of L a b o r Statistics is i m m e d i a te l y notified, o n for m s
supplied b y the Bureau, of the n a m e a n d address of the contractor,
the a m o u n t of the contract, a n d the type of w o r k to be performed.
B l a n k s are then mailed to the contractor or the G o v e r n m e n t a g e n c y
doing force-account work, w h o returns the report to the B u r e a u s h o w
ing the n u m b e r of m e n o n the p a y rolls, the a m o u n t of the p a y rolls,
the n u m b e r of m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n the job, a n d the value of different
kinds of material for w h i c h orders h a v e b e e n placed.
T h e following tables s h o w data concerning such construction w o r k
o n w h i c h w o r k started s ubsequent to July 1, 1934. T h e B u r e a u
has n o information concerning projects w h i c h w e r e u n d e r w a y previous
to that date.
T a b l e 30 gives, for the m o n t h of April 1935, e m p l o y m e n t , p a y
rolls, a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n construction projects started since
July 1, 1934, w h i c h are financed f r o m direct appropriations m a d e to
the various Federal d e p a r t m e n t s a n d agencies, b y type of project.
Table 30.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, by Type of Project, April 1935
[Subject to revision]
W a g e earners
T y p e of project
All projects............................
Building construction..................
Public roads 3...... ....................
River, harbor, a n d flood control........
Streets a n d roads.......................
Na val vessels..........................
W a t e r a n d sewerage....................
Miscellaneous..........................
Maxi
mum
number
em
ployed 1
2 22,270
5,139
0)
8,275
2,214
3,324
158
1,199
Weekly
average
Number
A m o u n t of of m a n hours
pa y rolls
worked
20,099 $1,378,616 2,194,452
4,143
265,323
353,497
1,961
97,448
156,245
7,820
992,711
528,708
1,978
71,513
164,807
3,083
358,806
434,908
127
11,177
16,140
45,641
987
76,144
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
$0.628 $2,562,404
.751
419,157
.621
212,955
.533
372,781
.434
45,624
.825 1,420,648
.693
5,250
.599
85,989
1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r e m p l o y e d during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor a n d G o v e r n m e n t
agency doing force-account work.
2 Includes weekly average for public roads.
3 Estimated b y the Bu r e a u of Public Roads.
4 N o t available; average n u m b e r included in total.
49
D u r i n g the m o n t h of April earnings per h o u r in this construction
w o r k averaged 63 cents. I n the construction of naval vessels workers
averaged 8 2 % cents, a n d in street a n d road w o rk 4 3 cents.
T a b l e 31 s h o w s b y geographic divisions, for the m o n t h of April, e m
ployment, p a y rolls, a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d o n construction projects
started since July 1, w h i c h are financed f r o m regular g o v e r n m e n t a l
appropriations.
Table 31.— Employment on Construction Projects Financed from Regular G o v
ernmental Appropriations by Geographic Division, April 1935
[Subject to revision]
W a g e earners
Geographic division
All divisions.................. .......
M a x i m u m Weekly
number
aver
empl o y e d 1
age
22,270
Amount
of pa y
rolls
20,000 $1,37S, 010
1,510
N e w E n g l a n d ....................... ..
1,386
2, (595
2,256
M i d d l e Atlantic___________ __________
1,321
1,520
East North Central. ....... .........
2,351
W e s t North Central........... ......
2,568
South Atlantic ......................
4,078
4,545
002
....... ............ East South
!, 105 Central
3, (577
3,316
W e s t South Central...................
1,007
M o u n t a i n . ______ _______ _____________
1,773
1,833
1,751
Pacific________________________________
484
Outside continental United States_____
515
110,203
187,003
87,900
83,050
380,440
00,071
210,042
75,001
125,120
20,801
Number
of m a n hours
worked
A vcrage
earn
ings
per
hour
2,104,452
$0.028
144,478
244,050
122,090
140,845
587,844
143,145
402, (505
133,343
171,002
35,042
.825
.770
.720
.554
.662
.487
.475
.567
.731
.579
Value of
material
orders
placed
2
$2,562,404
520,605
498,404
131,858
103,680
001,770
89,023
147,484
17,885
178,060
080
1 M a x i m u m n u m b e r e m p l o y e d during a n y 1 w e e k of the m o n t h b y each contractor an d G o v e r n m e n t
agency doing force-account, work.
2 Includes $212,055 estimate.'! value of orders placed for public-roads projects which cannot be charged to
an y specific geographic division.
All nine of the geographic divisions in continental U n i t e d States
s h o w e d decided increases in e m p l o y m e n t , c o m p a r i n g April with
M a r c h . T h e pick-up w a s especially p r o n o u n c e d in the S o u t h Atlantic
a n d the W e s t S o u t h Central States. T h e highest hourly w a g e w a s
paid in the N e w E n g l a n d States a n d the lowest in the W e s t S o u t h
Central States.
D a t a concerning e m p l o y m e n t , p a y rolls, a n d m a n - h o u r s w o r k e d
o n construction projects starting since July 1, 1934, w h i c h are financed
f r o m appropriations m a d e b y the Congress direct to the Federal
d e p a r t m e n t s a n d agencies, are s h o w n in table 32 for the m o n t h s of
A u g u s t 1934 to April 1935, inclusive.
50
Table 32.— Employment on Construction Projects, Financed from Regular
Governmental Appropriations, August 1934 to April 1935
[Subject to revision]
Number
of wage
earners
Month
A m o u n t of N u m b e r of
p ay rolls man-hours
wo r k e d
Average
earnings
per hour
Value of
material
orders
placed
1934
A u c u s t ................................ .
Sept e m ber.... ..........................
October.................................
N o v e m b e r ...............................
D e c e m b e r ...............................
5,001
9,800
13,593
18,211
10.270
$329,440
493,303
089,004
1,014,945
859,998
557,747
773,085
1,103,523
1,090,48S
1,408, 741
$0,591
.038
.025
.000
.580
$150,500
842, 292
982,835
3, 334, 048
1,900,441
1935
J a n u a r y .................................
F e b r u a ry................................
M a r c h .................. ................
April. ..................................
12, 784
13,100
14,059
22.270
009,199
704,190
802,880
1,378,010
1,002,118
1,102,804
1,359,043
2,194,452
.030
.039
.035
.028
3,103,940
1,902,087
2, 709,912
2, 502, 404
l
D u r i n g this 9 - m o n t h period purchase orders h a v e b e e n placed for
material valued at over $17,000,000. Orders for various types of
steel continued to m a k e u p the largest single i tem in the list.
T h e following table 33 s h o w s the value of material orders placed
during the period, July 1,1934, to M a r c h 15,1935, for use o n construc
tion projects financed f r o m direct g o v e r n m e n t a l appropriations, b y
type of material.
Table 33.— Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects Financed
from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by T y pe of Material
Value of material orders
placed—
T y p e of material
All material.................................................
Bolts, nuts, rivets, etc.......................................
Brick a n d hollow tile........................................
Cast-iron pipe a n d fittings...................................
C e m e n t an d lime............................................
Coal.........................................................
Concrete products...........................................
Co p p e r products.............................................
Cordage a n d twine..........................................
Crushed stone...............................................
Electric wiring a n d fixtures..................................
Electrical machinery a n d supplies...........................
Elevators a n d parts.........................................
Engines, turbines, tractors, etc... ...........................
Explosives.................................................. .
Forgings.................................................... .
F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop products, not elsewhere classified.
Glass....................................................... .
H a r d w a r e ....................................................
Heating a n d ventilating e q u i p m e n t ......................... .
L u m b e r an d timber products............................... .
M a c h i n e tools.............................................. .
Marble, granite, slate, a n d other stone products..............
F r o m July Dur i n g period.
2934 to Mar .
M a r . 15 to
Apr. 15, 1935
15, 1935
$14,902,, 101
$2,502,404
31,018
97,085
43,853
435,358
151,912
97,279
54,972
8,324
129,340
185,907
907,413
91,402
2,220,750
18,870
313,080
1,224,448
13,082
93, 354
231,999
838, 714
23,090
283, 741
7,733
28,222
13,490
134,132
32,229
14,704
7,419
1,258
28,014
14,003
211,700
0,055
214,003
2,520
121,428
209,972
2,423
18,108
35,828
128,000
3.072T
31, 500
51
Table 33.— Material Orders Placed for Use on Construction Projects Financed
from Regular Governmental Appropriations, by Typ e of Material— Continued
Value of material orders
placed—
T y p e of material
Metal doors, etc... ....... ....... .............. ....... ............ ....
M o t o r vehicles.................. ................... .... .................
Nails a nd spikes...........................................................
Paints a n d varnishes......................................................
Paving mixtures............. ........................ ....................
Petroleum products....... ..... ................... ............ .........
Planing mill products_______________________ ______________________________
P l u m b i n g supplies___ ____ ________________________________________________
P u m p s an d p u m p i n g eq u i p m e n t .... ..... ............................ ...
Rails......................................................................
Refrigerating equ i p m e n t.......... ................................. ......
Roofing materials........... .......................................... ...
R u b b e r ..____ ____________ __________ ____________________ _______ ________
S a n d a n d gravel.............................. ............................
Sheet-metal w o r k ................................. .................. .....
Steel-works a n d rolling-mill products..................................... .
Steel, structural a n d reinforcing...... .....................................
Tiling, floor a n d wall, a n d terrazzo________________ _________ ______________
Tools, other than m a chine tools............. ..............................
Wall plaster, wall board, a n d insulating board.............................
Waterproofing materials...................................................
W i r e products, not elsewhere classified.............. ......................
Other......................................................................
F r o m July D uring period
1934 to Mar .
Mar. 15 to
15, 1935
Apr. 15, 1935
$146,188
8,262
15,134
108,326
61,984
413,267
58,586
151,060
621,876
4,409
36,143
69,613
1,231
240,545
85.302
1,495,416
3,073,790
9,192
18.303
68,513
6,678
112,528
592,888
$10, 685
1, 576
2,131
11,862
8,544
141,632
20,822
20,801
28,345
1,705
14,408
70.302
3,600
338,332
415,702
1,523
10,448
4,126
1,771
28.303
98,515
W age-Rate Changes in A m erican In d u stry
M a n u f a c t u r i n g Industries
T h e following table presents information concerning wage-rate
adjustments occurring b e t w e e n M a r c h 15 a n d April 15, 1935, as
s h o w n b y reports f r o m 24,648 establishments e m p l o y i n g 3,884,987
workers in April.
Six h u n d r e d a n d twenty-six establishments in 37 industries reported
wage-rate increases averaging 5.3 percent a n d affecting 98,231 e m
ployees.
T h e outstanding wage-rate a d j u st m e n t w a s a 5-percent increase
given to 80,083 w a g e earners in s t e a m railroad repair shops. This
w a s the third increase given since the 10-percent w a g e cut of F e b rurary 1932 a n d c om p l e t e d the return to the w a g e rates w h i c h w e r e
in effect prior to that date. O t h e r industries w h i c h reported w a g e rate increases affecting m o r e t h a n 1,000 workers each were: Cars,
electric a n d s t e a m railroad (6,205), carpets a n d rugs (3,935), r a y o n
a n d allied products (1,190), a n d dyeing a n d finishing textiles (1,004).
Decreases in w a g e rates w e r e reported b y 12 establishments in 6
industries. T h e average decrease w a s 16.7 percent a n d only 47 0
w o rk e r s w e r e affected.
52
Table 34.— Wage-Rate Changes in Manufacturing Industries During Month
Ending April 15, 1935
Industry
All manufacturing industries....
Percent of total............
Iron a n d steel a n d their prod
ucts, not including m a
chinery:
Blast furnaces, steel works,
a n d rolling mills.........
Bolts, nuts, washers, a n d
rivets....................
Cast-iron pipe.............
Cutlery (not including silver
a n d plated cutlery) a n d
edge tools........ ........
Forgings, iron a n d steel....
H a r d w a r e .................
P l u mbers’supplies........
S t e a m a n d hot-water heat
ing apparatus a n d steam
fittings..................
Stoves.....................
Structural a n d ornamental
metal w o r k ..............
T i n cans an d other tinware.
Tools (not including edge
tools, machine tools, files,
a n d saws)................
W i r e w o r k ........... -.....
Machinery, not including trans
portation equipment:
Agricultural implements—
C a s h registers, adding m a
chines, a n d calculating
machines................
Electrical machinery, app a
ratus, an d supplies.......
Engines, turbines, tractors,
a n d water wheels........
F o u n d r y a n d machine-shop
products.................
M a c h i n e tools..............
Radios a n d phonographs—
Textile machinery a n d parts.
Typewriters a n d parts.....
Transportation equipment:
Aircraft....................
Automobiles...............
Cars, electric- a n d steamrail......................
Locomotives...............
Shipbuilding...............
Railroad repair shops:
Electric railroad...........
S t e a m railroad.............
Nonferrous metals a n d their
products:
A l u m i n u m manufactures...
Brass, bronze, a n d copper
products.................
Clocks a n d watches a n d
time-recording devices--Jewelry....................
Lighting e q u i p m e n t .......
Silverware a n d plated ware.
Smelting a n d refiningcopper, lead, a n d zinc....
Stamped
a n d enameled
w a r e .....................
L u m b e r an d allied products:
Furniture..................
Lumber:
Millwork..............
Sawmills...............
Turpentine a n d rosin......
1 Less than H o of 1 percent.
Estab
Total
lish
m e nts n u m b e r
of
em
report
ployees
ing
N u m b e r of establish
men t s reporting—
No
Wagerate
wagein
rate
changes creases
24,648 3,884,987 24,010
97.4
100.0
100.0
254 281,043
626
2.5
Wagerate
de-
N u m b e r of employees
having—
N o wagerate
changes
12 3,786,286 98,231
97.5
2.5
0)
281,043
8,823
8,789
254
8,789
167
94
103
95
14,054
11,566
32,993
14,342
166
93
103
95
14,038
11,471
32,993
14,342
84
19,379
26,533
21,303
18,324
84
208
312
96
19,379
26,476
21,303
18,324
143
112
11,356
14,697
110
141
11,321
14,476
76
25,323
210
312
7,559
45,097
11,841
10,526
4.008
9.009
17,809
24,698
57,034
26,648
73,932
2,798
Wagerate
d e
creases
470
0)
15
57
35
221
25,323
25 15,181
389 127,507
108
108 48,099
1,562 151,286 1,554
194
197 24,589
48
48 30,499
151
151 16,730
10,142
12
12
7,553
31
31
315
316 384,632
65 21,511
4,656
14
14
113
113 33,803
370
378 20,523
530 80,083
34
270
28
202
71
45
40
199
567
573
600
35
Wagerate
in
creases
34
202
71
45
193
563
570
597
35
530
15,181
127,413
48,099
150,903
383
24,393
196
30,499
16,730
10,142
7,553
384,612
20
15,306 6,205
4,656
33,803
20,131
392
80,083
7,559
45,079
11,841
10,526
4.008
9.009
17,688
24,582
56,492
26,489
73,789
2,798
18
526
.....
50
16
159
137
53
Table 34. -Wage-Rate Changes in Manufacturing Industries During Month
Ending April 15, 1935— Continued
Industry
Stone, clay, an d glass products:
Brick, tile, and terra cotta. _
C e m e n t ...................
Glass..... ............ ...
Marble, granite, slate, a n d
other products...........
Pottery.......... .........
Textiles a n d their products:
Fabrics:
Carpets an d rugs......
Cotton goods..........
Cotton small wares____
D y eing a n d finishing
textiles______________
Hats, fur-felt...........
Knit goods............
Silk a n d rayon goods___
W o o l e n a n d worsted
goods..... ........ .
W e aring apparel:
Clothing, m e n ’
s________
Clothing, w o m e n ’
s.....
Corsets a n d allied gar
m e n t s _______________
Men’
s furnishings......
Millinery..............
Shirts a n d collars......
Leather a n d its manufactures:
Boots an d shoes............
Leather.......... .........
F o o d a n d kindred products:
B a k i n g ....................
Beverages..................
Butter.....................
C a n ning an d preserving___
Confectionery..............
Flour......................
Ice cr e a m ..................
Slaughtering an d m e a t pack
ing......................
Sugar, beet................
Sugar refining, cane........
T o b acco manufactures:
C h e w i n g a n d smoking to
bacco a n d snuff..........
Cigars a n d cigarettes.......
Paper a n d printing:
Boxes, paper..... .........
Paper an d pulp............
Printing a n d publishing:
B o o k an d job..........
Newspapers a n d peri
odicals...............
Chemicals a n d allied products,
a n d petroleum refining:
Other than petroleum re
fining:
Chemicals.............
Cottonseed— oil, cake,
a n d m e a l ............
Druggists’preparations.
Explosives.............
Fertilizers.............
Paints a n d varnishes___
R a y o n a n d allied prod
ucts..................
Soap ...................
Petroleum refining.........
R u b b e r products:
R u b b e r boots a n d shoes___
R u b b e r goods, other than
boots, shoes, tires, a n d in
ner tubes................
R u b b e r tires an d inner
tubes....................
N u m b e r of establish
me nts reporting—
N u m b e r of employees
having—
Estab
lish
ments
report
ing
Total
number
of e m
ployees
520
140
160
20,200
18,200
51,753
520
140
160
20,200
18,200
51,753
225
124
4,199
19,744
225
123
4,199
19, 557
31
19,183
279,093
11,467
30
601
127
15.248
279,093
11,467
477
273
45,605
8,500
109.503
48,239
170
61
476
272
44, 601
8, 500
109,485
48,229
538
137,440
536
137,352
130,140
50,346
1,653
130,140
50.248
7,770
23,138
42
84
119
163
6,988
6,999
7, 770
23,138
353
173
124,968
35,295
353
173
124,968
35,295
1,110
530
333
737
303
380
322
69, 242
27,789
4,747
51,059
32,884
15,072
9,336
1,107
526
329
736
303
380
321
69,179
27,089
4,683
51,030
32,884
15,072
9,306
301
67
14
89,230
3,423
9,429
300
67
13
89,129
3,423
36
224
7, 762
46,062
36
224
7, 762
46,062
726
432
35,345
112,403
725
429
35,337
112,252
151
58,546
1,347
58,419
127
612
55,404
602
54,521
147
32,509
147
32,509
97
77
31
350
3,404
9,431
4,087
20,141
22,438
97
77
31
349
3,404
9,431
4,087
20,103
22,136
28
115
46,854
16,307
65,271
27
115
45,664
16,307
65, 271
661
127
171
61
42
84
119
No
W a g e - W a g e - N o wage- W a g e - W a g e rate
wagerate
rate
rate
rate
in
in
rate
de
de
changes creases creases changes creases creases
12, 768
201
12
188
30, 743
188
30,743
41
58,238
41
58, 238
201
12
12,768
187
3,935
1,004
"""is
700
64
30
101
"764"
302
1,190
10
54
Trade, Public Utility, Mining, a n d Service Industries
T a b l e 35 presents data concerning wage-rate changes occurring b e
t w e e n M a r c h 15 a n d April 15, w h i c h w e r e reported b y cooperating es
tablishments in 16 trade, public utility, mining, a n d service industries.
Seventy-six electric light a n d p o w e r establishments reported in
creases w h i c h averaged 5.3 percent a n d affected 4,714 workers, a n d 8
electric-railroad a n d m o t o r - b u s c o m p a n i e s g a v e increases averaging
4.8 percent to 2,240 employees. A t 12 metalliferous m i n e s 1,377
w a g e earners received wage-rate increments w h i c h averaged 9.7 per
cent a n d a 5-percent increase w a s reported for 1,015 w orkers in 4
bituminous-coal mines.
Table 35.— Wage-Rate Changes in Nonmanufacturing Industries During M o n t h
Ending Apr. 15, 1935
Industrial group
Anthracite m i ning ............ .
Percentage of total........ .
Bituminous-coal min i n g . . ......
Percentage of total........ .
Metalliferous mining ..........
Percentage of total. .........
Quarrying a n d
nonmetallic
mining.......................
Percentage of total........ .
Crude-petroleum producing....
Percentage of total.........
Telephone a n d telegraph...... .
Percentage of total........ .
Electric light a n d p o w e r a n d
manufactured gas........... .
Percentage of total.........
Electric-railroad a n d motor-bus
operation a n d maintenance...
Percentage of total........ .
Wholesale trade............... .
Percentage of total........ .
Retail trade...................
Percentage of total........
Hotels........................
Percentage of total........
Laundries....................
Percentage of total........
D y e i n g a n d cleaning..........
Percentage of total........
B a n k s ........................
Percentage of total........
Brokerage....................
Percentage of total........
Insurance.....................
Percentage of total........
Estab
Total
lish
m e nts n u m b e r
of
em
report
ployees
ing
N u m b e r of establish
m e nts reporting—
No
No
Wage- Wagewage- W a g e - W a g e rate in- rate de- wage-rate rate in- rate derate
changes
160
100.0
1,459
100.0
259
100.0
73,070
100.0
237,894
100.0
30,470
100.0
160
100.0
1,455
99.7
247
95.4
1,127
100.0
301
100.0
9,760
100.0
30,549
100.0
30,314
100.0
259,747
100.0
1,123
99.6
301
100.0
9,760
100.0
4
0.4
2,760
100.0
242,729
100.0
2,684
97.2
76
2.8
479
100.0
16,820
100.0
54,543
100.0
2,416
100.0
1,339
100.0
726
100.0
2,962
100.0
364
100.0
1,126
100.0
134, 711
100.0
296,015
100.0
879,495
100.0
143,834
100.0
73,613
100.0
17,767
100.0
95,294
100.0
10, 246
100.0
71,011
100.0
471
98.3
16,735
99.5
54,485
99.9
2,416
100.0
1,327
99.1
723
99.6
2,960
99.9
360
98.9
1,120
99.5
8
1.7
82
0.5
50
0.1
* Less than H o of 1 percent.
N u m b e r of employees
having-
o
73,070
100.0
4
0.3
12
4.6
236,879
99.6
29,093
95.5
1,015
0.4
1,377
4.5
30,346
99.3
30,314
203
0.7
100.0
100.0
259,747
11
0.8
2
0.3
2
0.1
2
0.5
6
0.5
3
0)
8
0)
238,015
98.1
4,714
1.9
132,471
98.3
295,628
99.9
879,271
2,240
1.7
357
100.0
100.0
143,834
1
0.1
1
0.1
73,247
99.5
17,733
99.8
95,266
2
10,177
99.3
70,907
99.9
0.5
100.0
0.1
189
0)
248
0.3
23
0.1
28
0)
32
0.3
104
0.1
30
0))
35
0) '
118
0.2
11
0.1
37
0.4
@FedFRASER