Full text of Employment and Earnings : September 1998

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
September 1998




Alexis M. Herman, Secretary

September 1998
Vol. 45 No. 9

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner

Calendar of Features

U-S- DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

EE—Employment
and Earnings (ISSN 0013-6840;
USPS 485-010), is published monthly and prepared in the
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Household data:
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In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.
H o u s e h o l d data
Annual averages

Jan,

Union affiliation

Jan.

Earnings by detailed occupation

Jan.

Employee absences

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Jan.

Quarteriy averages: Seasonally adjusted data,
persons of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, and weekly earnings data

Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail

March, June

Women employees

March, June

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks
and new seasonal adjustment factors

June

State and area annual revisions

March

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

Region, State, a n d area labor force data
Annual revisions

March

Annual averages

May

Employment and Eamings
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Eugene H. Becker

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Contents to the explanatory notes and estimates of error
Employment and unemployment developments, August 1998
Summary tables and charts
Explanatory notes and estimates of error
Index to statistical tables

ii
iv
1
3
139
176

Statistical tables

Source

Historical

Seasonally
adjusted

19

Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State
Area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
Local area labor force data:
Region
State
Area




Not
seasonally
adjusted

45

46

49
54

66

62

98
121

125
127

79
79

132
132

Monthly Household Data

Historical
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1964 to date

6

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1986 to date

7

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment
A-6. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

8
9
11
12

Characteristics of the Employed
A-7. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-8. Employed persons by age and sex

13
14

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-9.
A-10.
A-11.
A-12.
A-13.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic chsiracteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

15
16
17
18
18

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-16. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment,
educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-17. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over by educational attainment,
sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-18. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

19
22
23
25
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-25. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-26. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-27. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
33
34

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

35
36
37
38
39
39
40
41

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

41

Multiple Jobholders
A-37. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-38. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




42

43

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1947 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

45
46

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

49
51
52
53

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

54

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-l 1. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry

62
63
64
65

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-l2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

66

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

78

States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

79

Hours and Earnings
National
B-l5. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

98
118
119
120
121

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Labor force status by census region and division
C-2. Labor force status by State

125
127

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area




132

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

139
139
140

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

141
141
141
143
143
145

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts




140

147
147
148
148
149
149
150
150
150
150
150
150
151
151
151
151
152
159
159
159

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

162
162
162
162
162
162
163
164
164
165
165
165
165
166
166
166
169
169

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

172
172
172
172
172
173
173

Seasonal adjustment

174

173
173
173
173

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, August 1998

Payroll employment rose, and unemployment was unchanged in August. Nonfarm payroll employment increased
by 365,000, in part because workers who were off payrolls
in July due to strikes and plant shutdowns in automobilerelated manufacturing returned to their jobs. The jobless
rate remained at 4.5 percent.

Unemployment
Since June, the number of unemployed persons has remained essentially unchanged at 6.2 million, and the unemployment rate has held at 4.5 percent. Among the major
demographic groups, the jobless rates for adult men
(3.7 percent), adult women (4.1 percent), teenagers
(15.0 percent), whites (4.0 percent), blacks (9.0 percent),
and Hispanics (7.5 percent) were little changed in August.
(See tables A-3 and A-4.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic
reasons declined by 320,000 to 3.5 million. (See table A-7.)

Total employment and the labor force
Total employment was about unchanged over the month
at 131.2 million. The employment-population ratio—the
proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs—
was 63.8 percent, likewise little changed from the previous
month. (See table A-3.)
About 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job in August. These multiple jobholders
comprised 5.6 percent of the total employed, compared with
5.8 percent a year earlier. (See table A-37.)
The civilian labor force, 137.4 million in August, has remained about unchanged since April. The labor force participation rate—66.9 percent in August—also has remained
little changed over this period. (See table A-3.)

Persons not in the labor force
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in August. These were
people who wanted and were available for work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were
not counted as unemployed because they had not searched
for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
The number of discouraged workers—a subset of the
marginally attached who were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for




them—totaled 280,000 in August, essentially unchanged
from a year earlier. (See table A-36.)

Industry payroll employment
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 365,000 in August
to 126.2 million, seasonally adjusted, following a gain of
only 68,000 in July. Part of the August rebound reflected
the return of workers to their jobs after strikes and associated plant shutdowns in auto-related manufacturing industries. The average monthly increase in payroll employment
in July and August was 217,000. (See table B-3.)
Manufacturing employment rose by 95,000 in August,
following a loss of 200,000 in July, much of which was strike
related. (Persons on strike or on layoff for the entire reference period are not on payrolls and, thus, are not counted as
employed in the establishment survey.) In August, employment in motor vehicles and equipment was up by 117,000,
largely representing a return to work of persons who were
either on strike or on layoff due to strike-related plant shutdowns. Other over-the-month gains at least partly attributable to the settlement of strikes occurred in primary metals
(11,000), fabricated metals (7,000), and rubber and miscellaneous plastics (8,000). Despite the return of nearly all of
the workers in autos and related industries, manufacturing
employment overall was down by 105,000 from its June level.
In August, employment in apparel and other textile products declined by 18,000. Other manufacturing industries
that experienced over-the-month job losses included electronic components (-6,000), food and kindred products
(-4,000), and textile mill products (-3,000).
Construction employment continued to grow in August
(up 16,000); the industry has added 261,000 jobs since
last October.
Employment in services rose by 135,000 in August. Help
supply services increased by 42,000 jobs, following a decrease of similar magnitude in July. At least some of this
movement was attributable to the strikes in auto-related industries. After showing no growth in July, health services
rebounded in August with a gain of 24,000 jobs. Nevertheless, average monthly growth in the industry this year has
been sharply lower than in 1997. Social services employment increased by 15,000, and the industry has added 75,000
jobs since April. In August, computer and data processing
services had a job gain (11,000) that was below the monthly

average (17,000) this year. Employment in engineering and
management services was little changed, following 3 months
of strong gains.
Transportation and public utilities added 24,000 jobs in
August. Most of the gain was in transportation (23,000),
with about half of that increase (12,000) in trucking and warehousing. Employment growth in communications has slowed
since April.
Employment in retail trade, and in eating and drinking
places in particular, was little changed in August, following
a substantial gain in July. Employment in wholesale trade
increased by 11,000, entirely in durable goods.
Employment growth in finance, insurance, and real estate
in August (13,000) was well below the average (23,000) for
the prior 12 months. Almost all of the August gain was in
finance (12,000), led by mortgage brokerages (5,000) and
security brokerages (3,000). Employment in real estate did
not grow for only the second time this year, and growth in
insurance was sluggish, following 4 months of strong gains.
Government added 57,000 jobs in August, nearly all in
local government (55,000). Local government education increased by 38,000. In contrast, employment in the Federal
Government continued to decline.




Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in
August at 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. It has been at this
level since June. The manufacturing workweek also was unchanged at 41.7 hours. Factory overtime decreased over the
month by 0.3 hour to 4.4 hours. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was little
changed in August at 145.3 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted.
The manufacturing index rose by 0.6 percent to 107.9, reflecting the returns from strikes and layoffs in auto-related
industries. The manufacturing index in August was 1.0 percent lower than in June. (See table B-9.)

Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents in
August to $12.86, seasonally adjusted. This follows increases
of 3 cents an hour in each of the prior 3 months. Average
weekly earnings rose by 0.5 percent in August to $444.96.
Over the year, average hourly and weekly earnings have risen
by 4.2 and 3.9 percent, respectively. (See table B-11.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

September

October 2

December

January 8

October

November 6

January

February 5

November

December 4

February

March 5

Summary table A. Major tabor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Mar.

Feb.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Labor force status
Civilian nonlnstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547
136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523
67.1
67.0
67.1
67.2
66.9
67.3
67.2
67.3
129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994
63.7
64.1
63.8
63.8
64.0
64.2
64.2
64.0
6,657
6,678
6,392
6,496
6,289
6,409
6,393
6,529
66,960
67,131
67,077
67,361
66,929
66,844
67,024
66,745

204,731
137,242
67.0
131,383
64.2
5,859
67,489

204,899 205,085 205,270 205,479
137,364 137,447 137,296 137,415
67.0
66.9
67.0
66.9
131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168
64.2
64.0
63.9
63.8
6,237
5,910
6,230
6,247
67,535
67,639
67,973
68,064

Unemployment rates
All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

NOTE:

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2
4.2
9.5
7.3

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4
4.2
9.6
7.6

4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5
4.1
9.6
7.8

4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3
3.9
9.9
7.5

4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2
3.9
9.7
6.9

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1
4.0
9.3
6.9

4.6
3.8
4.3
14.7
3.9
9.7
6.8

4.7
3.9
4.3
15.0
4.1
9.2
6.9

4.3
3.4
4.1
13.1
3.6
8.9
6.5

4.3
3.5
3.9
14.2
3.7
9.0
6.8

4.5
3.7
4.1
14.6
4.0
8.2
7.6

4.5
3.9
4.0
13.8
3.8
9.7
7.2

4.5
3.7
4.1
15.0
4.0
9.0
7.5

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

122,894
103,285
24,972
592
5,699
18,681
97,922
6,264
6,671
22,043
7,110
36,225
19,609

123,280
103,673
24,993
594
5,713
18,686
98,287
6,435
6,679
22,078
7,125
36,363
19,607

123,568
103,922
25,032
592
5,722
18,718
98,536
6,453
6,697
22,105
7,151
36,484
19,646

123,944
104,282
25,099
591
5,750
18,758
98,845
6,456
6,711
22,206
7,172
36,638
19,662

124,289
104,609
25,193
592
5,810
18,791
99,096
6,451
6,731
22,245
7,194
36,795
19,680

124,640
104,954
25,297
592
5,881
18,824
99,343
6,473
6,759
22,280
7,213
36,932
19,686

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Aug.P

124,914
105,186
25,276
587
5,860
18,829
99,638
6,504
6,783
22,259
7,258
37,106
19,728

125,234
105,470
25,339
582
5,930
18,827
99,895
6,513
6,798
22,335
7,289
37,196
19,764

125,562
105,734
25,301
579
5,917
18,805
100,261
6,534
6,815
22,423
7,311
37,350
19,828

125,751
105,938
25,304
578
5,946
18,780
100,447
6,538
6,821
22,448
7,333
37,494
19,813

125,819
105,992
25,118
571
5,967
18,580
100,701
6,556
6,825
22,545
7,368
37,580
19,827

126,184
106,300
25,227
569
5,983
18,675
100,957
6,580
6,836
22,561
7,381
37,715
19,884

82
74
-38
-3
-42
7
120
10
14
-24
26
86
8

320
284
63
-5
70
-2
257
9
15
76
31
90
36

328
264
-38
-3
-13
-22
366
21
17
88
22
154
64

189
204
3
-1
29
-25
188
4
6
25
22
144
-15

68
54
-186
-7
21
-200
254
18
4
97
35
86
14

365
308
109
-2
16
95
256
24
11
16
13
135
57

34.6
41.8
4.8

34.5
41.4
4.5

34.7
41.8
4.6

34.6
41.8
4.6

34.6
41.7
4.7

34.6
41.7
4.4

144.9
109.4

144.8
109.0

145.2
107.3

145.3
107.9

$12.73
7.73
441.73

$12.76
7.75
441.50

$12.79
7.75
442.53

Emptoyment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

124,832
105,112
25,314
590
5,902
18,822
99,518
6,494
6,769
22,283
7,232
37,020
19,720

Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing .
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government

83
66
49
-1
17
33
34
-147
16
56
15
77
17

386
388
21
2
14
5
365
171
8
35
15
138
-2

288
249
39
-2
9
32
249
18
18
27
26
121
39

376
360
67
-1
28
40
309
3
14
101
21
154
16

345
327
94
1
60
33
251
-5
20
39
22
157
18

351
345
104
0
71
33
247
22
28
35
19
137
6

192
158
17
-2
21
-2
175
21
10
3
19
88
34
Hours of work'

Total private
Manufacturing .
Overtime

34.7
41.9
4.8

34.6
41.9
4.7

34.6
42.0
4.8

34.7
42.1
4.9

34.7
42.2
4.9

Total private
Manufacturing .

141.7
109.2

142.1
109.2

142.6
109.8

143.2
110.1

143.6
110.6

34.8
42.1
4.9

34.7
42.0
4.8

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982-100)'
144.6
110.6

144.4
110.3

143.8
109.7

144.0
108.7

Earnings'
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars^
Average weekly earnings, total private

$12.34
7.58
428.20

$12.37
7.58
428.00

$12.43
7.60
430.08

$12.47
7.62
432.71

' Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used
to deflate these series.




$12.50
7.63
433.75

$12.54
7.66
436.39

$12.59
7.69
436.87

N.A. • not available.
" - preliminary,

$12.63
7.72
437.00

$12.70
7.74
438.15

$12.86
N.A.
444.96

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
1994-98
Thousands

Thousands

128,000

128,000

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1994-98
Percent




8.0

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

NOTE: Beginning in 1990, data reflect 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current
Population Sun/ey. Beginning in 1997, data incorporate revisions in the population controls. Beginning in
1998, data incorporate new composite estimation procedures and updated population controls. These
changes affect comparability with data for prior periods.

(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
1972^
I973I
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

19901
1991
1992
1993
I994I
1995
1996
I997I

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440
3,443
3,399

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^

1997:
August
September....
October
November
December
1998:
January^
February
March
April
May
June
July
August

203,364
203,570
203,767
203,941
204,098

136,404
136,439
136,406
136,864
137,169

67.1
67.0
66.9
67.1
67.2

129,747
129,761
129,910
130,575
130,777

63.8
63.7
63.8
64.0
64.1

3,379
3,422
3,327
3,384
3,385

126,368
126,339
126,583
127,191
127,392

6,657
6,678
6,496
6,289
6,392

4.9
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.7

66,960
67,131
67,361
67,077
66,929

204,238
204,400
204,547
204,731
204,899
205,085
205,270
205,479

137,493
137,557
137,523
137,242
137,364
137,447
137,296
137,415

67.3
67.3
67.2
67.0
67.0
67.0
66.9
66.9

131,083
131,163
130,994
131,383
131,453
131,209
131,067
131,168

64.2
64.2
64.0
64.2
64.2
64.Q
63.9
63.8

3,319
3,335
3,132
3,350
3,335
3,343
3,441
3,529

127,764
127,829
127,862
128,033
128,118
127,867
127,626
127,640

6,409
6,393
6,529
5,859
5,910
6,237
6,230
6,247

4.7
4.6
4.7
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.5
4.5

66,745
66,844
67,024
67,489
67,535
67,639
67,973
68,064

^ Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3 Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data




for 1997 and earlier years because of the introduction of new composite
estimation procedures and revisions in the population controls used in the
household survey. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Effective January 1998" in the February 1998 issue of
this publication.

Civilian labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
19861
198 7
198 8
198 9

85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762

65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840

76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4

60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5

2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525

6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

19901
1991
1992
199 3
19941
199 5
1996
19971

90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715

69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0

65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3

2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559
2,573
2,552

62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133

3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9

21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^

1997:
August
September
October....
November
December

97,838
97,946
98,050
98,141
98,225

73,265
73,192
73,311
73,682
73,662

74.9
74.7
74.8
75.1
75.0

69.748
69,656
69,785
70,352
70,195

71.3
71.1
71.2
71.7
71.5

2,504
2,552
2,468
2,503
2,497

67,244
67,104
67,317
67,849
67,698

3,517
3,536
3,526
3,330
3,467

4.8
4.8
4.8
4.5
4.7

24,573
24,754
24,739
24,459
24,563

98,241
98,331
98,405
98,503
98,591
98,691
98,785
98,892

73,852
73,780
73,695
73,799
73,783
73,818
74,027
73,695

75.2
75.0
74.9
74.9
74.8
74.8
74.9
74.5

70,518
70,459
70,297
70,831
70,685
70,570
70,605
70,441

71.8
71.7
71.4
71.9
71.7
71.5
71.5
71.2

2,463
2,458
2,356
2,584
2,492
2,535
2,596
2,654

68,056
68,001
67,941
68,246
68,193
68,035
68,009
67,787

3,333
3,320
3,399
2,969
3,098
3,249
3,422
3,253

4.5
4.5
4.6
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.4

24,389
24,551
24,710
24,704
24,808
24,873
24,759
25,198

1998:
January^ ..
February ..
March
April
May
June
July
August

Annual averages
WOMEN
19861
1987
1988
1989

94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630

52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030

55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4

48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3

652
666
676
687

48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341

3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

19901
1991
1992
1993
19941
1995
1996
19971

98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418

56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8

53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8

678
680
672
637
855
881
871
847

53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026

3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0

41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted^

1997:
August
September
October
November
December

105,527
105,623
105,718
105,799
105,873

63,139
63,247
63,095
63,182
63,507

59.8
59.9
59.7
59.7
60.0

59,999
60,105
60,125
60,223
60,582

56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
57.2

875
870
859
881
888

59,124
59,235
59,266
59,342
59,694

3,140
3,142
2,970
2,959
2,925

5.0
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.6

42,388
42,376
42,623
42,617
42.366

105,997
106,070
106,141
106,228
106,308
106,394
106,484
106,587

63,641
63,777
63,827
63,443
63,581
63,628
63,270
63,721

60.0
60.1
60.1
59.7
59.8
59.8
59.4
59.8

60,565
60,704
60,697
60,553
60,768
60,640
60,462
60,727

57.1
57.2
57.2
57.0
57.2
57.0
56.8
57.0

856
876
776
766
844
808
845
874

59,709
59,827
59,921
59,787
59,924
59,832
59,617
59,853

3,076
3,073
3,130
2,890
2,813
2,989
2,808
2,994

4.8
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.7
4.4
4.7

42,356
42,293
42,314
42,785
42,727
42,766
43,215
42,866

1998:
Januarys
February
March
April
May
June
July
August

^ Not strictly comparable with prior years.
For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and Estimates
of Error.
2 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
3 Beginning in January 1998, data are not strictly comparable with data for 1997 and




earlier years because of the introduction of new composite estimation procedures and
revisions in the population controls used in the household survey. For additional
information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998" in
the February 1998 issue of this publication.

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1997
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1998
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population^ . 203,364 203,570 203,767 203,941 204,098 204,238 204,400 204,547 204,731 204,899 205,085 205,270 205,479
136,404 136,439 136,406 136,864 137,169 137,493 137,557 137,523 137,242 137,364 137,447 137,296 137,415
Civilian labor force
67.1
67.3
66.9
67.1
67.0
67.2
67.3
67.2
67.0
67.0
67.0
66.9
66.9
Percent of population
129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168
Employed
64.0
64.2
63.8
63.8
64.2
64.0
64.2
64.1
63.7
64.0
64.2
63.8
63.9
Employment-population ratio
6,289
6,393
6,496
6,657
5,859
6,529
6,409
6,392
6,678
6,237
5,910
6,247
6,230
Unemployed
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.3
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.5
4.3
4.5
4.5
Unemployment rate
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

97,838
73,265
74.9
69,748
71.3
2,504
67,244
3,517
4.8
24,573

97,946
73,192
74.7
69,656
71.1
2,552
67,104
3,536
4.8
24,754

98,050
73,311
74.8
69,785
71.2
2,468
67,317
3,526
4.8
24,739

98,141
73,682
75.1
70,352
71.7
2,503
67,849
3,330
4.5
24,459

98,225
73,662
75.0
70,195
71.5
2,497
67,698
3,467
4.7
24,563

98,241
73,852
75.2
70,518
71.8
2,463
68,056
3,333
4.5
24,389

98,331
73,780
75.0
70,459
71.7
2,458
68,001
3,320
4.5
24,551

98,405
73,695
74.9
70,297
71.4
2,356
67,941
3,399
4.6
24,710

98,503
73,799
74.9
70,831
71.9
2,584
68,246
2,969
4.0
24,704

98,591
73,783
74.8
70,685
71.7
2,492
68,193
3,098
4.2
24,808

98,691
73,818
74.8
70,570
71.5
2,535
68,035
3,249
4.4
24,873

98,785
74,027
74.9
70,605
71.5
2,596
68,009
3,422
4.6
24,759

98,892
73,695
74.5
70,441
71.2
2,654
67,787
3,253
4.4
25,198

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population"" .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

89,982
69,198
76.9
66,386
73.8
2,311
64,075
2,812
4.1
20,784

90,068
69,136
76.8
66,298
73.6
2,383
63,915
2,838
4.1
20,932

90,140
69,193
76.8
66,337
73.6
2,298
64,039
2,856
4.1
20,947

90,251
69.500
77.0
66,824
74.0
2,323
64.501
2,676
3.9
20,751

90,339
69,561
77.0
66,676
73.8
2,314
64,362
2,885
4.1
20,778

90,391
69,652
77.1
67,008
74.1
2,282
64,726
2,644
3.8
20,738

90,476
69,601
76.9
66,990
74.0
2,264
64,726
2,611
3.8
20,875

90,502
69,451
76.7
66,753
73.8
2,168
64,585
2,699
3.9
21,051

90,580
69,697
76.9
67,301
74.3
2,420
64,881
2,396
3.4
20,883

90,622
69,624
76.8
67,190
74.1
2,324
64,866
2,434
3.5
20,998

90,700
69,545
76.7
66,950
73.8
2,333
64,617
2,595
3.7
21,154

90,802
69,790
76.9
67,040
73.8
2,394
64,646
2,750
3.9
21,012

90,889
69,490
76.5
66,901
73.6
2,443
64,457
2,589
3.7
21,399

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population^ . 105,527 105,623 105,718 105,799 105,873 105,997 106,070 106,141 106,228 106,308 106,394 106,484 106,587
63,721
63,628 63,270
63,443
63,581
63,139
63,247 63,095 63,182 63,507 63,641 63,777 63,827
Civilian labor force
59.8
59.8
59.7
59.4
60.1
60.1
60.0
59.8
60.0
59.7
59.7
59.9
59.8
Percent of population
60,727
60,640 60,462
60,553
60,565 60,704 60,697
60,768
60,223 60,582
60,125
60,105
59,999
Employed
57.0
57.0
57.0
56.8
57.2
57.2
57.1
57.2
57.2
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.9
Employment-population ratio
874
808
766
845
776
876
856
844
888
881
859
870
875
Agriculture
59,853
59,832
59,787
59,617
59,709 59,827 59,921
59,924
59,342 59,694
59,266
59,235
59,124
Nonagricultural industries
2,994
2,989
2,890
2,808
3,130
3,073
3,076
2,813
2,925
2,959
2,970
3,142
3,140
Unemployed
4.7
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.7
5.0
5.0
Unemployment rate
42,785
42,356 42,293 42,314
42,727 42,766 43,215 42,866
42,617 42,366
42,623
42,376
42,388
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population"^ .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

98,000
59,362
60.6
56,789
57.9
824
55,965
2,573
4.3
38,638

98,082
59,432
60.6
56,883
58.0
826
56,057
2,549
4.3
38,650

98,144
59,338
60.5
56,919
58.0
814
56,105
2,419
4.1
38,806

98,212
59,348
60.4
56,953
58.0
833
56,120
2,395
4.0
38,864

98,300
59,624
60.7
57,255
58.2
845
56,410
2,369
4.0
38,676

98,420
59,652
60.6
57,040
58.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population"" ,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

15,382
7,844
51.0
6,572
42.7
244
6,328
1,272
16.2
7,538

15,420
7,871
51.0
6,580
42.7
213
6,367
1,291
16.4
7,549

15,483
7,875
50.9
6,654
43.0
215
6,439
1,221
15.5
7,608

15,478
8,016
51.8
6,798
43.9
228
6,570
1,218
15.2
7,462

15,459
7,984
51.6
6,846
44.3
226
6,620
1,138
14.3
7,475

^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3 through
A-13 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal




56,229
2,612
4.4
38,768

98,471
59,721
60.6
57,146
58.0
801
56,345
2,575
4.3
38,750

98,534
59,771
60.7
57,186
58.0
717
56,470
2,585
4.3
38,762

98,583
59,486
60.3
57,075
57.9
705
56,370
2,411
4.1
39,097

98,668
59,573
60.4
57,253
58.0
755
56,499
2,320
3.9
39,095

98,735
59,599
60.4
57,172
57.9
747
56,424
2,427
4.1
39,136

98,778
59,359
60.1
57,000
57.7
793
56,207
2,359
4.0
39,419

98,901
59,712
60.4
57,286
57.9
819
56,468
2,426
4.1
39,189

15,427
8,189
53.1
7,035
45.6
227
6,809
1,154
14.1
7,238

15,453
8,235
53.3
7,028
45.5
270
6,758
1,207
14.7
7,218

15,511
8,300
53.5
7,055
45.5
247
6,808
1,245
15.0
7,210

15,569
8,059
51.8
7,007
45.0
225
6,782
1,052
13.1
7,510

15,609
8,166
52.3
7,010
44.9
256
6,754
1,156
14.2
7,442

15,651
8,302
53.0
7,088
45.3
262
6,826
1,215
14.6
7,349

15,690
8,147
51.9
7,027
44.8
254
6,773
1,120
13.8
7,542

15,689
8,213
52.4
6,981
44.5
267
6,715
1,232
15.0
7,476

811

adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new
composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the
household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1998

1997
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population""
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

170,148 170,290 170,427 170,545 170,649 170,810 170,917 171,016 171,141 171,257 171,387 171,513 171,655
114,669 114,758 114,784 115,073 115,263 115,253 115,392 115,297 115,057 115,309 115,137 114,975 115,275
67.4
67.2
67.2
67.2
67.5
67.3
67.0
67.5
67.5
67.4
67.4
67.5
67.4
109,832 109,904 110,063 110,604 110,729 110,698 110,842 110,605 110,859 111,025 110,535 110,630 110,708
64.7
64.9
64.8
64.8
64.5
64.5
64.5
64.9
64.8
64.9
64.6
64.5
64.6
4,284
4,567
4,534
4,692
4,602
4,346
4,550
4,198
4,555
4,854
4,721
4,469
4,837
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.6
4.0
3.8
4.0
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.1
3.9
4.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

59,118
77.4
57,011
74.6
2,107
3.6

59,110
77.3
56,989
74.5
2,121
3.6

59,098
77.2
56,966
74.4
2,132
3.6

59,355
77.5
57,363
74.9
1,992
3.4

59,389
77.5
57,272
74.7
2,117
3.6

59,262
77.3
57,336
74.8
1,926
3.3

59,372
77.4
57,456
74.9
1,916
3.2

59,201
77.1
57,209
74.5
1,992
3.4

59,307
77.2
57,562
74.9
1,745
2.9

59,366
77.2
57,516
74.8
1,850
3.1

59,257
77.0
57,302
74.5
1,955
3.3

59,403
77.2
57,436
74.6
1,967
3.3

59,314
77.0
57,385
74.5
1,929
3.3

48,910
60.0
47,122
57.8
1,788
3.7

48,955
60.0
47,165
57.8
1,790
3.7

48,976
60.0
47,284
57.9
1,692
3.5

48,906
59.9
47,265
57.8
1,641
3.4

49,134
60.1
47,474
58.1
1,660
3.4

49,077
60.0
47,250
57.7
1,827
3.7

49,057
59.9
47,279
57.7
1,778
3.6

49,077
59.9
47,276
57.7
1,801
3.7

48,955
59.7
47,300
57.7
1,654
3.4

49,019
59.8
47,416
57.8
1,603
3.3

48,886
59.6
47,197
57.5
1,688
3.5

48,705
59.3
47,087
57.4
1,618
3.3

49,013
59.7
47,287
57.6
1,726
3.5

6,641
54.4
5,699
46.7
942
14.2
15.1
13.1

6,693
54.8
5,750
47.0
943
14.1
14.4
13.7

6,710
54.9
5,813
47.5
897
13.4
14.3
12.3

6,812
55.6
5,976
48.8
836
12.3
12.8
11.6

6,740
55.0
5,983
48.8
757
11.2
11.3
11.1

6,914
56.3
6,113
49.8
802
11.6
14.2
8.8

6,963
56.6
6,107
49.6
857
12.3
14.7
9.8

7,019
56.9
6,120
49.6
899
12.8
14.9
10.6

6,795
54.9
5,996
48.5
799
11.8
12.7
10.7

6,924
55.8
6,093
49.1
831
12.0
14.0
9.8

6,994
56.2
6,036
48.5
958
13.7
14.7
12.6

6,867
55.1
6,107
49.0
760
11.1
13.1
8.9

6,949
55.6
6,036
48.3
913
13.1
14.3
11.9

24,043
15,728
65.4
14,237
59.2
1,491
9.5

24,081
15,691
65.2
14,180
58.9
1,511
9.6

24,117
15,555
64.5
14,067
58.3
1,488
9.6

24,149
15,638
64.8
14,128
58.5
1,510
9.7

24,180
15,709
65.0
14,149
58.5
1,560
9.9

24,196
15,788
65.3
14,316
59.2
1,472
9.3

24,229
15,885
65.6
14,349
59.2
1,535
9.7

24,257
15,971
65.8
14,498
59.8
1,473
9.2

24,289
15,907
65.5
14,499
59.7
1,408
8.9

24,317
15,756
64.8
14,344
59.0
1,412
9.0

24,349
16,013
65.8
14,700
60.4
1,313
8.2

24,381
16,059
65.9
14,508
59.5
1,551
9.7

24,418
15,907
65.1
14,476
59.3
1,431
9.0

7,035
73.3
6,480
67.5
555
7.9

6,978
72.6
6,424
66.8
554
7.9

6,945
72.3
6,367
66.3
578
8.3

6,965
72.1
6,420
66.5
545
7.8

6,957
72.0
6,356
65.8
601
8.6

7,012
72.6
6,456
66.9
556
7.9

6,974
72.1
6,428
66.5
546
7.8

7,044
72.8
6,511
67.3
533
7.6

7,097
73.2
6,573
67.8
524
7.4

7,009
72.2
6,536
67.4
473
6.7

7,088
73.0
6,599
67.9
489
6.9

7,120
73.2
6,485
66.7
635
8.9

7,017
72.0
6,470
66.4
547
7.8

7,771
64.6
7,115
59.1
656
8.4

7,790
64.6
7,135
59.2
655
8.4

7,680
63.6
7,044
58.3
636
8.3

7,731
63.9
7,080
58.6
651
8.4

7,791
64.4
7,163
59.2
628
8.1

7,799
64.3
7,178
59.2
621
8.0

7,952
65.5
7,265
59.8
687
8.6

7,935
65.3
7,284
60.0
651
8.2

7,822
64.3
7,182
59.0
640
8.2

7,787
64.0
7,130
58.6
657
8.4

7,866
64.5
7,256
59.5
609
7.7

7,921
64.9
7,296
59.8
625
7.9

7,894
64.6
7,296
59.7
597
7.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate




(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1997
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1998
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

BLACK-Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

922
38.3
642
26.6
280
30.4
33.9
27.2

923
38.3
621
25.8
302
32.7
37.6
28.6

930
38.2
656
26.9
274
29.5
30.1
28.8

942
39.2
628
26.1
314
33.3
35.0
31.9

961
39.8
630
26.1
331
34.4
36.2
33.1

977
40.5
683
28.3
294
30.1
31.8
28.5

959
39.6
656
27.1
302
31.5
34.7
28.4

992
40.9
703
29.0
289
29.1
27.8
30.3

988
40.6
744
30.6
244
24.7
23.9
25.3

960
39.4
678
27.8
283
29.4
30.2
28.8

1,060
43.4
846
34.6
214
20.2
20.4
20.1

1,018
41.6
727
29.7
291
28.6
30.6
26.4

996
40.6
709
28.9
287
28.8
29.7
28.1

Civilian noninstitutional populationi .. 20,407
iJivilian labor force
13,886
68.0
Percent of population
12,867
Employed
63.1
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
1,019
7.3
Unemployment rate

20,464
13,861
67.7
12,807
62.6
1,054
7.6

20,519
13,896
67.7
12,806
62.4
1,090
7.8

20,575
13,880
67.5
12,921
62.8
959
6.9

20,629
13,973
67.7
12,921
62.6
1,052
7.5

20,741
13,954
67.3
12,988
62.6
966
6.9

20,798
14,149
68.0
13,181
63.4
968
6.8

20,851
14,298
68.6
13,305
63.8
993
6.9

20,915
14,369
68.7
13,434
64.2
935
6.5

20,975
14,458
68.9
13,480
64.3
978
6.8

21,036
14,420
68.5
13,328
63.4
1,092
7.6

21,097
14,240
67.5
13,219
62.7
1,022
7.2

21,159
14,277
67.5
13,203
62.4
1,074
7.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN

^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics




are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Educational attainment
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

29,314 29,350 29,046 29,505 29,566 29,981 29,228 29,251 29,638 29,931 30,064 29,027 29,204
12,534 12,555 12,468 12,511 12,555 12,682 12,555 12,392 12,664 12,690 12,888 12,548 12,450
42.4
42.4
43.0
42.7
43.2
42.9
42.4
42.5
42.3
42.9
42.6
42.8
42.8
11,573 11,548 11,502 11,575 11,606 11,771 11,676 11,500 11,773 11,839 11,963 11,648 11,567
39.9
39.7
39.6
39.6
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.3
40.1
39.8
39.6
39.5
39.3
879
851
1,007
966
949
911
891
891
901
936
925
883
961
7.7
7.2
7.0
7.2
6.7
7.6
7.0
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.7
8.0
7.5

High school graduates, no college^
Civilian noninstitutional population"i
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,607 57,483 57,459 57,310 57,631 57,606 57,418 57,885 57,484 57,706 57,446 57,374 57,729
37,842 37,585 37,759 37,641 37,827 37,787 37,807 37,931 37,340 37,496 37,096 37,219 37,381
65.7
65.8
65.5
65.0
65.7
65.4
65.7
65.6
65.6
65.0
64.6
64.9
64.8
36,225 36,003 36,179 36,193 36,287 36,303 36,302 36,331 35,885 36,114 35,602 35,694 35,898
62.4
62.6
63.2
63.0
63.0
63.2
62.8
62.2
62.2
63.0
62.0
62.9
62.6
1,505
1,600 1,454 1,383 1,494 1,525 1,483
1,617
1,582 1,580 1,448 1,540 1,485
3.7
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.9
4.1
4.2
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.8
4.3

Less than a bachelor's degree^
Civilian noninstitutional population^
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,401 42,075 42,613 42,417 42,085 41,718 42,527 42,313 42,303 42,024 41,880 42,293 41,842
31,445 31,401 31,328 31,544 31,506 31,440 31,505 31,515 31,517 31,408 31,227 31,174 30,863
75.4
74.1
74.7
74.4
74.9
74.5
74.5
73.7
74.2
73.5
74.6
74.6
73.8
30,438 30,382 30,410 30,574 30,484 30,429 30,538 30,471 30,669 30,437 30,333 30,224 29,987
72.4
71.4
72.4
71.8
72.0
72.4
72.1
72.9
72.5
71.5
71.7
72.2
71.8
971
967
918
1,043
848
894
1,007
970 1,022 1,011
950
876
1,019
2.7
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.2
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.8

College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population""
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

41,232 41,769 41,696 41,739 41,822 41,974 42,238 42,085 42,197 42,090 42,464 43,309 43,431
33,290 33,577 33,510 33,505 33,678 33,685 33,672 33,777 33,989 33,920 34,274 34,721 34,847
80.4
80.5
80.3
79.7
80.3
80.6
80.7
80.2
80.4
80.5
80.2
80.7
80.3
32,592 32,891 32,868 32,916 33,083 33,040 33,029 33,145 33,419 33,364 33,674 34,146 34,236
78.7
78.7
78.8
79.1
78.2
78.8
79.2
79.3
78.9
78.8
79.0
79.3
78.8
571
642
595
632
589
645
643
556
698
686
600
575
611
1.7
1.9
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.1
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.8

^ The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
^ Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1997
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1998
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

EMPLOYED
Full-time wori<ers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time wori<ers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

106,672 106,926 106,824 107,491 107,452 107,777 107,788 107,696 108,107 108,155 107,607 107,737 108,136
62,376 62,487 62,439 63,014 62,829 62,909 62,810 62,740 63,092 63,098 63,098 63,117 63,164
61,101 61,197 61,142 61,672 61,505 61,652 61,534 61,434 61,810 61,742 61,680 61,682 61,789
44,375 44,436 44,369 44,452 44,589 44,741 44,869 44,855 44,957 44,983 44,599 44,794 45,124
43,468 43,518 43,479 43,546 43,691 43,856 43,898 43,810 43,997 44,017 43,694 43,749 44,012
2,103
2,211
2,203
2,273
2,256
2,268
2,452
2,356
2,300
2,396
2,233
2,306
2,335
23,061
7,436
5,355
15,623
13,291
4,415

23,004
7,348
5,278
15,652
13,366
4,360

23,163
7,401
5,255
15,766
13,432
4,476

23,244
7,432
5,226
15,802
13,447
4,571

23,422
7,459
5,257
16,014
13,559
4,606

23,373
7,469
5,273
15,833
13,258
4,842

23,249
7,547
5,319
15,704
13,175
4,755

23,428
7,550
5,305
15,901
13,382
4,742

23,201
7,641
5,404
15,580
13,099
4,698

23,222
7,424
5,296
15,770
13,232
4,694

23,494
7,466
5,236
16,045
13,468
4,790

23,187
7,488
5,337
15,699
13,257
4,593

22,875
7,315
5,139
15,594
13,227
4,509

Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5,305
2,958
2,568
2,369
2,116
621

5,309
2,984
2,571
2,361
2,069
669

5,215
2,991
2,600
2,254
1,979
636

4,987
2,834
2,466
2,205
1,905
616

5,203
2,994
2,689
2,220
1,914
600

5,075
2,645
2,438
2,296
2,102
536

5,070
2,610
2,386
2,369
2,137
547

5,126
2,725
2,462
2,322
2,050
613

4,690
2,461
2,167
2,252
1,993
530

4,784
2,662
2,250
2,160
1,916
617

4,905
2,769
2,409
2,224
1,920
576

4,957
2,876
2,515
2,041
1,892
550

4,941
2,752
2,368
2,219
1,976
597

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,346
577
233
752
459
654

1,328
561
245
751
458
625

1,288
570
263
705
440
585

1,329
551
226
779
499
604

1,238
502
220
753
462
556

1,339
549
206
760
505
627

1,279
583
220
708
443
615

1,409
582
234
806
536
640

1,170
504
228
686
426
516

1,157
494
180
679
415
562

1,300
566
182
757
490
628

1,285
545
224
751
494
568

1,301
530
202
748
461
638

Full-time wori<ers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

4.7
4.5
4.0
5.1
4.6
22.8

4.7
4.6
4.0
5.0
4.5
23.2

4.7
4.6
4.1
4.8
4.4
22.4

4.4
4.3
3.8
4.7
4.2
21.3

4.6
4.5
4.2
4.7
4.2
21.0

4.5
4.0
3.8
4.9
4.6
19.1

4.5
4.0
3.7
5.0
4.6
18.8

4.5
4.2
3.9
4.9
4.5
20.0

4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
4.3
18.7

4.2
4.0
3.5
4.6
4.2
20.5

4.4
4.2
3.8
4.8
4.2
20.5

4.4
4.4
3.9
4.4
4.1
19.3

4.4
4.2
3.7
4.7
4.3
20.4

Part-time wori<ers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.5
7.2
4.2
4.6
3.3
12.9

5.5
7.1
4.4
4.6
3.3
12.5

5.3
7.2
4.8
4.3
3.2
11.6

5.4
6.9
4.1
4.7
3.6
11.7

5.0
6.3
4.0
4.5
3.3
10.8

5.4
6.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
11.5

5.2
7.2
4.0
4.3
3.3
11.5

5.7
7.2
4.2
4.8
3.8
11.9

4.8
6.2
4.0
4.2
3.2
9.9

4.7
6.2
3.3
4.1
3.0
10.7

5.2
7.0
3.4
4.5
3.5
11.6

5.3
6.8
4.0
4.6
3.6
11.0

5.4
6.8
3.8
4.6
3.4
12.4

UNEMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES^

^ These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor force
and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication prior to 1994.




NOTE: Beginning In January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used In the household sun^ey.

(In thousands)
1997

1998

Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

MARITAL STATUS
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168
42,680 42,648 42,771 42,967 42,952 42,977 42,915 42,779 42,865 42,471 42,539 42,837 42,833
32,861 32,846 32,978 32,840 32,975 32,793 32,821 32,872 32,973 32,805 32,805 32,658 32,597
7,784
7,822
7,884
7,876
7,865
7,726
7,776
7,892
7,813
7,848
7,922
7,846
7,932

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty .
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair..
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Famning, forestry, and fishing

37,765

37,860

37,844

37,986

38,205

38,099

38,164

38,454

38,643

38,641

38,732

39,011

38,916

38,334
17,713
14,038
18,452
3,442

38,535
17,746
13,859
18,302
3,483

38,537
17,723
14,051
18,385
3,438

38,540
17,827
14,191
18,467
3,512

38,562
17,890
14,299
18,394
3,472

38,382
18,162
14,285
18,622
3,355

38,491
17,950
14,456
18,632
3,436

38,693
17,752
14,656
18,179
3,269

38,585
17,478
14,673
18,447
3,495

38,401
17,749
14,853
18,322
3,479

38,567
17,873
14,509
18,120
3,503

38,500
17,584
14,312
18,145
3,503

38,889
17,727
14,079
17,866
3,618

1,853
1,477
50

1,889
1,495
44

1,815
1,475
55

1,855
1,493
49

1,844
1,496
54

1,949
1,348
44

1,928
1,324
41

1,866
1,242
32

1,987
1,324
28

1,871
1,395
51

1,841
1,470
48

2,018
1,383
30

2,165
1,345
28

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary wori<ers
Self-employed wori<ers
Unpaid family wori<ers
Nonagricultural Industries:
Wage and salary wori<ers
Private Industries
Private households
Other Industries
Government
Self-employed wori<ers
Unpaid family wori<ers

117,372 117,303 117,635 118,083 118,403 118,529 118,961 119,131 118,774 119,013 118,654 118,543 118,676
99,169 99,194 99,560 99,913 100,155 100,108 100,583 101,058 100,571 100,979 100,157 100,179 100,419
1,022
877
985
1,035
1,014
974
877
910
946
1,015
961
853
935
98,234 98,317 98,683 99,003 99,209 99,123 99,547 100,037 99,557 99,964 99,195 99,205 99,566
18,202
18,034 18,497 18,364 18,257
18,170 18,248 18,421 18,378 18,072
18,109
18,075
18,203
8,964
8,784
9,004
8,886
8,761
9,069
9,023
9,094
8,949
8,930
8,969
8,947
8,955
97
131
117
102
124
97
92
99
83
100
91
126
83

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME^
All Industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack wori< or business conditions ..
Could only find part-time wori<
Part time for noneconomic reasons ...

3,988
2,164
1,487
18,096

3,928
2,187
1,455
17,901

3,913
2,211
1,406
18,113

3,890
2,221
1,386
18,083

3,855
2,230
1,323
18,386

4,082
2,282
1,400
18,515

3,882
2,123
1,455
18,407

3,902
2,188
1,445
18,448

3,735
2,074
1,300
18,084

3,772
2,104
1,344
18,662

3,837
2,230
1,246
18,665

3,783
2,372
1,192
18,584

3,463
1,989
1,175
18,648

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack wori< or business conditions ..
Could only find part-time wori<
Part time for noneconomic reasons ...

3,832
2,066
1,455
17,521

3,739
2,067
1,417
17,381

3,732
2,103
1,378
17,537

3,689
2,100
1,346
17,486

3,654
2,113
1,291
17,791

3,865
2,162
1,373
17,898

3,743
2,025
1,433
17,786

3,726
2,057
1,416
17,929

3,608
1,998
1,276
17,470

3,630
2,024
1,315
18,067

3,676
2,151
1,199
18,019

3,632
2,261
1,162
17,972

3,307
1,900
1,143
18,001

^ Persons at wori< excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs
during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation. Illness, or Industrial
dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually wori< full
time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as




holidays, Illness, and bad weather.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

(In thousands)
1997

1998

Age and sex
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

129,747 129,761 129,910 130,575 130,777 131,083 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 131,067 131,168
18,855 19,013 19,002 19,257 19,304 19,574 19,587 19,563 19,691 19,597 19,587 19,412 19,383
6,572
6,580
6,654
6,798
6,846
7,035
7,028
7,055
7,007
7,010
7,088
7,027
6,981
2,567
2,640
2,680
2,680
2,676
2,843
2,803
2,840
2,823
2,741
2,685
2,755
2,699
3,976
3,936
3,976
4,118
4,176
4,193
4,224
4,215
4,173
4,287
4,421
4,293
4,255
12,283 12,433 12,348 12,459 12,458 12,539 12,560 12,508 12,684 12,587 12,499 12,385 12,402
110,858 110,831 110,964 111,251 111,445 111,463 111,505 111,398 111,755 111,855 111,635 111,680 111,722
94,910 94,772 94,707 94,859 94,941 95,125 95,099 95,055 95,148 95,217 95,124 95,087 95,207
16,063 16,104 16,220 16,417 16,523 16,367 16,401 16,388 16,475 16,562 16,442 16,620 16,574
69,748

69,656

69,785

70,352

70,195

70,518

70,459

70,297

70,831

70,685

70,570

70,605

70,441

9,895
3,362
1,339
1,996
6,533
59,850
50,906
9,007

9,880
3,358
1,360
1,980
6,522
59,877
50,871
9,009

9,889
3,448
1,398
2,075
6,441
59,952
50,867
9,060

10,070
3,528
1,401
2,128
6,542
60,234
51,125
9,152

10,010
3,519
1,377
2,151
6,491
60,168
51,034
9,151

10,178
3,510
1,472
2,041
6,668
60,288
51,235
9,048

10,132
3,470
1,397
2,080
6,662
60,315
51,201
9,087

10,167
3,544
1,452
2,093
6,622
60,117
51,144
8,991

10,263
3,529
1,444
2,088
6,733
60,520
51,357
9,114

10,126
3,495
1,375
2,121
6,631
60,543
51,315
9,226

10,236
3,620
1,368
2,263
6,616
60,346
51,161
9,122

10,075
3,565
1,402
2,175
6,510
60,542
51,203
9,336

10,085
3,541
1,360
2,160
6,544
60,364
51,135
9,223

59,999

60,105

60,125

60,223

60,582

60,565

60,704

60,697

60,553

60,768

60,640

60,462

60,727

8,960
3,210
1,228
1,980
5,750
51,008
44,004
7,056

9,133
3,222
1,280
1,956
5,911
50,954
43,901
7,095

9,113
3,206
1,282
1,901
5,907
51,012
43,840
7,160

9,187
3,270
1,279
1,990
5,917
51,017
43,734
7,265

9,294
3,327
1,299
2,025
5,967
51,277
43,907
7,372

9,396
3,525
1,371
2,152
5,871
51,175
43,890
7,319

9,455
3,558
1,406
2,144
5,898
51,190
43,898
7,314

9,397
3,511
1,388
2,122
5,886
51,281
43,910
7,397

9,429
3,478
1,380
2,086
5,951
51,235
43,791
7,361

9,471
3,515
1,366
2,166
5,956
51,311
43,902
7,336

9,351
3,468
1,317
2,158
5,883
51,289
43,963
7,320

9,337
3,462
1,353
2,119
5,875
51,138
43,884
7,284

9,299
3,441
1,339
2,095
5,858
51,358
44,072
7,351

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Jan.

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(in thousands)
1997

1998

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

6,657

6,678

6,496

6,289

6,392

6,409

6,393

6,529

5,859

5,910

6,237

6,230

6,247

2,393
1,272
559
722
1,121
4,296
3,778
504

2,408
1,291
631
669
1,117
4,304
3,791
512

2,375
1,221
568
654
1,154
4,122
3,636
472

2,360
1,218
574
646
1,142
3,923
3,461
472

2,300
1,138
576
555
1,162
4,149
3,659
480

2,371
1,154
596
549
1,218
4,019
3,588
459

2,378
1,207
638
538
1,171
4,018
3,571
450

2,335
1,245
579
670
1,090
4,184
3,712
486

2,063
1,052
506
546
1,011
3,751
3,293
426

2,184
1,156
514
650
1,028
3,758
3,372
407

2,318
1,215
597
618
1,103
3,901
3,480
427

2,230
1,120
494
637
1,109
3,940
3,460
479

2,417
1,232
557
678
1,185
3,853
3,391
450

3,517

3,536

3,526

3,330

3,467

3,333

3,320

3,399

2,969

3,098

3,249

3,422

3,253

1,334
705
295
417
629
2,220
1,921
284

1,347
698
314
381
649
2,182
1,901
276

1,350
670
311
360
680
2,176
1,887
277

1,325
654
312
349
671
2,005
1,727
278

1,250
582
310
268
668
2,213
1,896
325

1,278
689
330
357
588
2,050
1,785
289

1,348
709
371
313
639
1,975
1,718
268

1,282
700
330
374
582
2,102
1,828
285

1,105
573
253
320
532
1,854
1,602
244

1,250
664
300
370
586
1,875
1,639
225

1,246
653
363
303
592
1,991
1,762
231

1,293
672
294
371
621
2,104
1,816
283

1,301
664
311
357
637
1,979
1,729
241

3,140

3,142

2,970

2,959

2,925

3,076

3,073

3,130

2,890

2,813

2,989

2,808

2,994

1,059
567
264
305
492
2,076
1,857
220

1,061
593
317
288
468
2,122
1,890
236

1,025
551
257
294
474
1,946
1,749
195

1,035
564
262
297
471
1,918
1,734
194

1,050
556
266
287
494
1,936
1,763
155

1,094
464
266
191
629
1,969
1,802
170

1,030
498
267
225
532
2,043
1,853
181

1,053
545
249
296
508
2,082
1,884
201

958
479
253
226
479
1,897
1,692
182

935
493
214
280
442
1,883
1,733
182

1,073
562
235
315
511
1,910
1,718
196

937
448
200
266
489
1,836
1,644
196

1,116
568
246
322
548
1,874
1,663
209

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Percent)
1997

1998

Age and sex
Aug.

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.7

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.5

4.5

11.3
16.2
17.9
15.4
8.4
3.7
3.8
3.0

11.2
16.4
19.3
14.5
8.2
3.7
3.8
3.1

11.1
15.5
17.5
14.1
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8

10.9
15.2
17.6
13.6
8.4
3.4
3.5
2.8

10.6
14.3
17.7
11.7
8.5
3.6
3.7
2.8

10.8
14.1
17.3
11.6
8.9
3.5
3.6
2.7

10.8
14.7
18.5
11.3
8.5
3.5
3.6
2.7

10.7
15.0
16.9
13.7
8.0
3.6
3.8
2.9

9.5
13.1
15.2
11.6
7.4
3.2
3.3
2.5

10.0
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.6
3.3
3.4
2.4

10.6
14.6
18.2
12.3
8.1
3.4
3.5
2.5

10.3
13.8
15.2
12.9
8.2
3.4
3.5
2.8

11.1
15.0
17.1
13.8
8.7
3.3
3.4
2.6

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.5

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.4

11.9
17.3
18.1
17.3
8.8
3.6
3.6
3.1

12.0
17.2
18.8
16.1
9.1
3.5
3.6
3.0

12.0
16.3
18.2
14.8
9.5
3.5
3.6
3.0

11.6
15.6
18.2
14.1
9.3
3.2
3.3
2.9

11.1
14.2
18.4
11.1
9.3
3.5
3.6
3.4

11.2
16.4
18.3
14.9
8.1
3.3
3.4
3.1

11.7
17.0
21.0
13.1
8.7
3.2
3.2
2.9

11.2
16.5
18.5
15.2
8.1
3.4
3.5
3.1

9.7
14.0
14.9
13.3
7.3
3.0
3.0
2.6

11.0
16.0
17.9
14.8
8.1
3.0
3.1
2.4

10.8
15.3
21.0
11.8
8.2
3.2
3.3
2.5

11.4
15.9
17.3
14.6
8.7
3.4
3.4
2.9

11.4
15.8
18.6
14.2
8.9
3.2
3.3
2.5

5.0

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.4

4.7

10.6
15.0
17.7
13.3
7.9
3.9
4.0
3.0

10.4
15.5
19.8
12.8
7.3
4.0
4.1
3.2

10.1
14.7
16.7
13.4
7.4
3.7
3.8
2.7

10.1
14.7
17.0
13.0
7.4
3.6
3.8
2.6

10.2
14.3
17.0
12.4
7.6
3.6
3.9
2.1

10.4
11.6
16.3
8.2
9.7
3.7
3.9
2.3

9.8
12.3
16.0
9.5
8.3
3.8
4.1
2.4

10.1
13.4
15.2
12.2
7.9
3.9
4.1
2.6

9.2
12.1
15.5
9.8
7.5
3.6
3.7
2.4

9.0
12.3
13.5
11.4
6.9
3.5
3.8
2.4

10.3
13.9
15.1
12.7
8.0
3.6
3.8
2.6

9.1
11.5
12.9
11.2
7.7
3.5
3.6
2.6

10.7
14.2
15.5
13.3
8.6
3.5
3.6
2.8

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Jan.

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Percent)
1997

1998

Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.2

4.9
4.1
4.3
16.4

4.8
4.1
4.1
15.5

4.6
3.9
4.0
15.2

4.7
4.1
4.0
14.3

4.7
3.8
4.4
14.1

4.6
3.8
4.3
14.7

4.7
3.9
4.3
15.0

4.3
3.4
4.1
13.1

4.3
3.5
3.9
14.2

4.5
3.7
4.1
14.6

4.5
3.9
4.0
13.8

4.5
3.7
4.1
15.0

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

4.2
8.4
9.5
7.3

4.2
8.4
9.6
7.6

4.1
8.2
9.6
7.8

3.9
8.4
9.7
6.9

3.9
8.6
9.9
7.5

4.0
8.3
9.3
6.9

3.9
8.3
9.7
6.8

4.1
8.2
9.2
6.9

3.6
7.5
8.9
6.5

3.7
7.6
9.0
6.8

4.0
7.3
8.2
7.6

3.8
8.3
9.7
7.2

4.0
7.6
9.0
7.5

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

2.6
3.0
8.0

2.6
3.1
7.8

2.6
2.8
7.8

2.4
2.8
8.1

2.6
2.8
7.7

2.6
3.1
7.6

2.5
3.1
7.6

2.5
3.3
7.6

2.2
2.8
7.6

2.4
2.8
7.7

2.2
2.9
6.9

2.3
2.8
6.8

2.4
3.2
6.8

2.0
4.1
4.7
7.6
7.2

2.0
4.0
4.8
7.8
6.7

1.8
3.9
5.3
7.1
7.3

1.7
3.9
4.5
7.1
6.6

1.9
4.0
4.7
7.0
7.2

2.0
4.2
4.6
5.9
6.8

2.0
4.0
4.1
6.5
6.3

1.8
4.1
4.5
6.9
7.1

1.9
3.7
3.7
6.1
5.8

1.7
3.9
4.4
6.5
6.4

1.7
3.9
4.3
6.9
6.5

1.7
3.8
4.4
6.9
7.0

1.9
3.7
4.6
6.7
5.5

5.0
5.3
4.9
9.0
4.1
3.5
5.0
4.9
3.7
6.2
3.0
4.5
2.6
8.9

5.0
5.2
3.4
8.7
4.1
3.3
5.3
4.9
3.8
6.2
3.0
4.6
2.6
9.0

4.8
5.0
4.5
8.7
3.8
3.1
4.8
4.7
3.3
6.1
2.9
4.3
2.4
9.6

4.7
4.6
3.3
7.9
3.6
3.1
4.4
4.7
3.1
6.2
2.4
4.4
2.3
8.6

4.8
5.0
3.3
8.9
3.8
3.1
4.9
4.7
3.3
5.8
2.8
4.5
2.1
9.7

4.7
4.8
4.0
7.9
3.9
3.4
4.5
4.7
3.8
5.9
2.6
4.3
2.4
10.6

4.7
4.7
2.6
7.8
3.7
2.9
5.0
4.7
3.2
5.8
2.6
4.7
2.3
8.6

4.7
5.0
3.7
8.6
3.8
3.6
4.2
4.6
3.3
5.4
2.6
4.7
2.9
9.7

4.3
4.4
2.3
6.3
3.9
3.5
4.4
4.3
3.1
5.2
2.2
4.3
2.0
8.0

4.5
4.6
1.3
8.0
3.6
3.0
4.6
4.5
3.0
5.1
2.0
4.8
2.4
7.9

4.7
4.7
3.9
8.0
3.6
2.9
4.6
4.7
3.6
5.7
2.1
4.7
2.0
8.1

4.6
4.9
3.7
6.7
4.4
4.3
4.5
4.5
3.4
5.6
2.0
4.5
2.5
8.2

4.7
4.8
3.9
7.4
3.9
3.7
4.4
4.7
3.7
5.6
2.7
4.7
2.2
7.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

OCCUPATION 1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ...
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available because
the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular
components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

1997

1998

Reason
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .... 3,010
On temporary layoff
891
Not on temporary layoff
2,119
Job leavers
894
Reentrants
2,173
New entrants
554

3,007
893
2,114
853
2,263
560

2,934
963
1,971
732
2,247
555

2,886
815
2,071
655
2,229
560

2,991
961
2,030
692
2,170
552

2,807
860
1,947
808
2,229
518

2,795
821
1,975
786
2,266
543

2,980
980
2,000
744
2,215
549

2,631
696
1,935
625
2,096
511

2,772
786
1,986
748
2,033
493

2,819
841
1,978
766
2,096
532

2,908
966
1,941
799
2,042
463

2,852
978
1,874
740
2,132
503

45.4
13.4
32.0
13.5
32.8
8.4

45.0
13.4
31.6
12.8
33.9
8.4

45.4
14.9
30.5
11.3
34.7
8.6

45.6
12.9
32.7
10.3
35.2
8.8

46.7
15.0
31.7
10.8
33.9
8.6

44.1
13.5
30.6
12.7
35.0
8.1

43.7
12.8
30.9
12.3
35.5
8.5

45.9
15.1
30.8
11.5
34.1
8.5

44.9
11.9
33.0
10.7
35.7
8.7

45.8
13.0
32.8
12.4
33.6
8.2

45.4
13.5
31.8
12.3
33.7
8.6

46.8
15.6
31.3
12.9
32.9
7.5

45.8
15.7
30.1
11.9
34.2
8.1

2.2
.7
1.6
.4

2.2
.6
1.7
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

2.0
.6
1.6
.4

2.0
.6
1.6
.4

2.2
.5
1.6
.4

1.9
.5
1.5
.4

2.0
.5
1.5
.4

2.1
.6
1.5
.4

2.1
.6
1.5
.3

2.1
.5
1.6
.4

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ....
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE:

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

A-13. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

uuraiion
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

2,564
2,121
2,027
950
1,077

2,484
2,115
2,109
1,031
1,078

2,558
1,912
1,990
919
1,071

2,423
2,048
1,865
899
966

2,531
1,922
1,964
936
1,028

2,488
1,971
1,811
773
1,038

2,622
1,909
1,830
855
974

2,858
1,979
1,731
841
891

2,632
1,901
1,417
584
833

2,634
1,954
1,462
656
806

2,519
2,084
1,621
852
769

2,625
1,983
1,600
793
807

2,675
1,960
1,647
820
827

15.8
7.9

15.9
8.1

16.3
7.7

15.6
7.8

16.3
7.7

15.6
7.4

15.6
7.2

14.3
6.8

14.3
6.4

14.6
5.9

13.8
6.6

14.3
6.6

13.5
6.9

100.0
38.2
31.6
30.2
14.2
16.0

100.0
37.0
31.5
31.4
15.4
16.1

100.0
39.6
29.6
30.8
14.2
16.6

100.0
38.2
32.3
29.4
14.2
15.2

100.0
39.4
30.0
30.6
14.6
16.0

100.0
39.7
31.4
28.9
12.3
16.6

100.0
41.2
30.0
28.8
13.4
15.3

100.0
43.5
30.1
26.4
12.8
13.6

100.0
44.2
31.9
23.8
9.8
14.0

100.0
43.5
32.3
24.2
10.8
13.3

100.0
40.5
33.5
26.0
13.7
12.4

100.0
42.3
31.9
25.8
12.8
13.0

100.0
42.6
31.2
26.2
13.0
13.2

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
NOTE:

Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

August 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagrlcultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.

205,479
15,689
7,899
7,790
17,585
117,487
38,653
18,519
20,134
44,433
22,532
21,901
34,401
18,907
15,494
22,432
12,296
10,136
32,287
9,384
8,555
14,347

138,379
9,130
3,758
5,372
13,932
98,454
32,628
15,715
16,913
37,556
18,933
18,623
28,270
15,926
12,344
13,170
8,507
4,663
3,692
2,005
1,037
650

67.3
58.2
47.6
69.0
79.2
83.8
84.4
84.9
84.0
84.5
84.0
85.0
82.2
84.2
79.7
58.7
69.2
46.0
11.4
21.4
12.1
4.5

132,206
7,955
3,226
4,729
12,766
95,098
31,259
14,935
16,323
36,322
18,253
18,069
27,517
15,488
12,028
12,819
8,286
4,533
3,568
1,935
1,002
631

64.3
50.7
40.8
60.7
72.6
80.9
80.9
80.6
81.1
81.7
81.0
82.5
80.0
81.9
77.6
57.1
67.4
44.7
11.1
20.6
11.7
4.4

3,818
379
188
190
407
2,297
740
393
348
935
508
427
622
359
262
450
240
210
285
117
91
78

128,388
7,577
3,038
4,539
12,360
92,800
30,519
14,543
15,976
35,387
17,745
17,641
26,895
15,129
11,766
12,369
8,046
4,323
3,283
1,819
911
553

6,173
1,175
531
643
1,166
3,357
1,369
779
590
1,234
680
554
753
438
315
352
222
130
124
70
35
19

4.5
12.9
14.1
12.0
8.4
3.4
4.2
5.0
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.0

67,100
6,559
4,141
2,417
3,652
19,033
6,025
2,805
3,221
6,877
3,599
3,278
6,131
2,980
3,150
9,261
3,788
5,473
28,595
7,379
7,519
13,697

98,892
8,003
4,065
3,938
8,817
57,729
18,995
9,078
9,918
21,933
11,149
10,784
16,800
9,282
7,518
10,691
5,906
4,784
13,653
4,284
3,822
5,546

74,540
4,717
1,953
2,764
7,440
52,997
17,671
8,385
9,286
20,377
10,447
9,930
14,949
8,396
6,553
7,246
4,619
2,627
2,140
1,133
621
386

75.4
58.9
48.0
70.2
84.4
91.8
93.0
92.4
93.6
92.9
93.7
92.1
89.0
90.5
87.2
67.8
78.2
54.9
15.7
26.4
16.2
7.0

71,537
4,073
1,654
2,419
6,853
51,456
17,049
8,032
9,016
19,808
10,146
9,662
14,600
8,208
6,392
7,076
4,525
2,551
2,079
1,105
602
372

72.3
50.9
40.7
61.4
77.7
89.1
89.8
88.5
90.9
90.3
91.0
89.6
86.9
88.4
85.0
66.2
76.6
53.3
15.2
25.8
15.8
6.7

2,852
296
142
154
334
1,673
557
275
281
670
359
312
446
264
181
319
171
147
231
96
73
61

68,685
3,777
1,512
2,264
6,519
49,784
16,492
7,757
8,735
19,137
9,787
9,350
14,155
7,944
6,210
6,758
4,354
2,404
1,848
1,009
529
311

3,003
644
299
345
588
1,541
623
353
270
569
301
268
349
188
162
169
93
76
61
28
19
14

4.0
13.6
15.3
12.5
7.9
2.9
3.5
4.2
2.9
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.3
2.0
2.9
2.9
2.5
3.1
3.7

24,352
3,286
2,112
1,175
1,376
4,731
1,324
692
632
1,556
702
854
1,851
886
965
3,445
1,287
2,158
11,513
3,152
3,201
5,160

106,587
7,686
3,834
3,852
8,768
59,759
19,658
9,442
10,216
22,500
11,383
11,117
17,600
9,625
7,976
11,741
6,389
5,352
18,634
5,100
4,733
8,801

63,839
4,413
1,805
2,609
6,492
45,457
14,957
7,329
7,627
17,179
8,487
8,693
13,321
7,530
5,791
5,925
3,888
2,036
1,552
873
416
263

59.9
57.4
47.1
67.7
74.0
76.1
76.1
77.6
74.7
76.4
74.6
78.2
75.7
78.2
72.6
50.5
60.9
38.1
8.3
17.1
8.8
3.0

60,669
3,882
1,572
2,310
5,914
43,641
14,210
6,903
7,307
16,514
8,107
8,407
12,917
7,280
5,637
5,742
3,760
1,982
1,490
831
400
259

56.9
50.5
41.0
60.0
67.4
73.0
72.3
73.1
71.5
73.4
71.2
75.6
73.4
75.6
70.7
48.9
58.9
37.0
8.0
16.3
8.5
2.9

966
82
46
36
72
625
184
117
66
265
149
116
176
95
81
131
68
63
55
21
17
17

59,703
3,800
1,526
2,274
5,841
43,016
14,026
6,785
7,241
16,249
7,958
8,291
12,740
7,184
5,556
5,611
3,692
1,919
1,435
810
383
242

3,170
531
232
299
578
1,816
747
427
320
665
379
286
404
251
154
183
128
54
62
42
16
5

5.0
12.0
12.9
11.4
8.9
4.0
5.0
5.8
4.2
3.9
4.5
3.3
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.1
3.3
2.7
4.0
4.8
3.8
1.9

42,748
3,272
2,029
1,243
2,276
14,302
4,701
2,112
2,589
5,321
2,896
2,424
4,280
2,094
2,185
5,816
2,501
3,315
17,082
4,227
4.318
8,537

Men
16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years ...
18 to 19 years ...
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years .
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over...
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over.




August 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagrlcultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not
in
labor
force

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

171,655
12,497
6,274
6,224
14,151
97,044
31,195
14,962
16,233
36,644
18,509
18,134
29,205
15,836
13,368
19,312
10,592
8,719
28,651
8,137
7,601
12,913

115,959
7,681
3,189
4,492
11,512
81,918
26,553
12,886
13,667
31,116
15,594
15,522
24,249
13,489
10,760
11,507
7,453
4,055
3,341
1,800
957
584

67.6
61.5
50.8
72.2
81.3
84.4
85.1
86.1
84.2
84.9
84.3
85.6
83.0
85.2
80.5
59.6
70.4
46.5
11.7
22.1
12.6
4.5

111,511
6,863
2,809
4,053
10,722
79,469
25,612
12,351
13,262
30,234
15,123
15,111
23,622
13,144
10,479
11,226
7,279
3,947
3,231
1,737
926
568

65.0
54.9
44.8
65.1
75.8
81.9
82.1
82.5
81.7
82.5
81.7
83.3
80.9
83.0
78.4
58.1
68.7
45.3
11.3
21.3
12.2
4.4

3,529
345
170
175
376
2,105
690
362
328
850
446
403
566
321
244
421
218
203
282
116
90
76

107,982
6,518
2,640
3,878
10,346
77,364
24,923
11,989
12,934
29,384
14,676
14,708
23,057
12,822
10,234
10,805
7,061
3,744
2,949
1,621
836
492

4,448
818
379
439
789
2,450
941
535
405
882
472
411
627
345
281
281
174
108
110
63
31
16

3.8
10.7
11.9
9.8
6.9
3.0
3.5
4.2
3.0
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.7
3.3
3.5
3.2
2.8

55,696
4,816
3,085
1,731
2,640
15,125
4,642
2,076
2,566
5,528
2,915
2,612
4,956
2,347
2,609
7,804
3,140
4,664
25,311
6,338
6,644
12,329

83,448
6,418
3,238
3,180
7,175
48,363
15,599
7,477
8,122
18,327
9,264
9,062
14,437
7,861
6,576
9,325
5,149
4,176
12,167
3,779
3,381
5,008

63,510
3,995
1,662
2,333
6,286
44,888
14,686
7,021
7,666
17,186
8,742
8,444
13,015
7,200
5,816
6,399
4,087
2,312
1,942
1,015
575
352

76.1
62.2
51.3
73.4
87.6
92.8
94.1
93.9
94.4
93.8
94.4
93.2
90.2
91.6
88.4
68.6
79.4
55.4
16.0
26.9
17.0
7.0

61,328
3,541
1,453
2,088
5,891
43,741
14,236
6,755
7,481
16,785
8,543
8,242
12,720
7,058
5,662
6,273
4,020
2,254
1,881
987
556
339

73.5
55.2
44.9
65.7
82.1
90.4
91.3
90.3
92.1
91.6
92.2
90.9
88.1
89.8
86.1
67.3
78.1
54.0
15.5
26.1
16.5
6.8

2,618
269
126
143
310
1,515
518
255
263
600
305
294
398
234
163
296
156
140
228
95
73
59

58,710
3,272
1,328
1,945
5,581
42,226
13,718
6,500
7,219
16,185
8,238
7,947
12,323
6,824
5,499
5,977
3,864
2,113
1,653
891
483
279

2,182
454
208
245
394
1,147
450
266
184
402
200
202
295
142
153
126
68
58
61
28
19
14

3.4
11.4
12.5
10.5
6.3
2.6
3.1
3.8
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.0
2.6
2.0
1.7
2.5
3.1
2.8
3.3
3.9

19,939
2,423
1,576
847
890
3,475
913
457
456
1,140
522
618
1,422
661
761
2,926
1,062
1,864
10,225
2,764
2,805
4,655

88,207
6,079
3,036
3,044
6,976
48,680
15,596
7,485
8,111
18,317
9,245
9,072
14,768
7,976
6,792
9,986
5,443
4,544
16,484
4,359
4,220
7,905

52,449
3,686
1,527
2,159
5,226
37,030
11,867
5,865
6,002
13,930
6,852
7,078
11,234
6,289
4,944
5,108
3,365
1,743
1,398
785
382
232

59.5
60.6
50.3
70.9
74.9
76.1
76.1
78.4
74.0
76.0
74.1
78.0
76.1
78.9
72.8
51.2
61.8
38.4
8.5
18.0
9.0
2.9

50,183
3,322
1,356
1,965
4,831
35,727
11,376
5,596
5,781
13,449
6,580
6,869
10,902
6,086
4,816
4,953
3,260
1,694
1,349
751
370
229

56.9
54.6
44.7
64.6
69.3
73.4
72.9
74.8
71.3
73.4
71.2
75.7
73.8
76.3
70.9
49.6
59.9
37.3
8.2
17.2
8.8
2.9

911
76
44
32
67
590
172
107
65
250
141
109
168
87
81
125
62
63
54
21
16
17

49,272
3,246
1,312
1,933
4,765
35,138
11,204
5,489
5,715
13,199
6,439
6,760
10,734
5,999
4,735
4,828
3,198
1,631
1,296
730
353
212

2,266
364
171
194
395
1,303
490
269
221
480
272
208
332
204
128
155
106
49
49
35
12
3

4.3
9.9
11.2
9.0
7.6
3.5
4.1
4.6
3.7
3.4
4.0
2.9
3.0
3.2
2.6
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.5
4.4
3.1
1.2

35,758
2,393
1,509
885
1,750
11,650
3,729
1,619
2,110
4,387
2,393
1,994
3,534
1,686
1,848
4,878
2,077
2,801
15,086
3,574
3,839
7,673

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




August 1998
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutionai
population

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Total

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Agriculture

Not
in
labor
force

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

14,488
832
306
526
1,488
10,851
3,938
1,846
2,092
4,212
2,152
2,060
2,701
1,596
1,105
1,081
687
395
235
127
55
53

1,466
313
118
195
331
756
350
198
151
303
180
123
103
80
23
56
38
19
10
7

9.1
27.0
27.0
27.0
18.0
6.4
8.1
9.6
6.7
6.6
7.6
5.6
3.6
4.7
2.0
4.9
5.1
4.5
4.0
5.4

8,289
1,292
803
489
710
2,758
890
479
411
951
470
481
917
500
417
1,091
506
584
2,438
749
638
1,052

6,795
387
133
254
664
5,101
1,869
876
993
1,977
1,020
957
1,255
744
511
510
333
177
134
72
31
31

670
162
66
96
162
313
128
60
67
142
87
55
43
39
4
32
17
15
1

8.8
28.8
31.3
27.2
19.3
5.7
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.6
7.6
5.3
3.3
4.9
.7
5.7
4.7
7.4
.4

3,329
641
410
231
325
1,025
303
173
131
356
150
206
365
195
170
402
177
225
936
284
292
359

Nonagricultural
industries

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

24,418
2,453
1,240
1,213
2,548
14,483
5,215
2,545
2,670
5,520
2,845
2,675
3,748
2,197
1,551
2,248
1,244
1,004
2,686
883
693
1,110

16,129
1,161
437
724
1,838
11,725
4,325
2,066
2,259
4,570
2,375
2,194
2,831
1,697
1,134
1,157
737
419
247
134
55
58

66.1
47.3
35.2
59.7
72.1
81.0
82.9
81.2
84.6
82.8
83.5
82.0
75.5
77.3
73.1
51.5
59.3
41.8
9.2
15.2
7.9
5.2

14,663
848
319
529
1,508
10,970
3,975
1,867
2,108
4,266
2,195
2,071
2,729
1,617
1,111
1,101
700
401
237
127
55
55

60.1
34.6
25.7
43.6
59.2
75.7
76.2
73.4
78.9
77.3
77.1
77.4
72.8
73.6
71.6
49.0
56.3
39.9
8.8
14.4
7.9
5.0

10,948
1,206
622
584
1,167
6,543
2,332
1,125
1,207
2,524
1,295
1,229
1,687
996
691
961
537
423
1,072
357
323
392

7,620
565
212
353
842
5,518
2,029
952
1,076
2,168
1,145
1,023
1,322
801
521
559
360
198
136
72
31
33

69.6
46.8
34.1
60.4
72.2
84.3
87.0
84.6
89.2
85.9
88.4
83.2
78.3
80.4
75.4
58.2
67.1
46.9
12.7
20.2
9.5
8.4

6,950
402
146
257
680
5,205
1,901
892
1,009
2,026
1,058
968
1,279
761
517
527
343
184
135
72
31
32

63.5
33.4
23.4
44.0
58.3
79.6
81.5
79.3
83.6
80.3
81.7
78.8
75.8
76.5
74.8
54.9
63.9
43.4
12.6
20.2
9.5
8.3

13,469
1,247
618
629
1,381
7,940
2,883
1,420
1,463
2,996
1,550
1,446
2,061
1,201
860
1,287
706
581
1,614
527
370
718

8,509
597
225
372
996
6,207
2,296
1,113
1,183
2,402
1,230
1,171
1,510
896
613
598
377
221
111
62
24
25

63.2
47.8
36.4
59.1
72.1
78.2
79.6
78.4
80.8
80.2
79.4
81.0
73.2
74.6
71.3
46.5
53.4
38.1
6.9
11.8
6.5
3.5

7,713
446
173
272
828
5,764
2,074
975
1,099
2,240
1,137
1,103
1,450
856
594
574
357
217
102
55
24
23

57.3
35.7
28.1
43.2
59.9
72.6
71.9
68.7
75.1
74.8
73.4
76.3
70.3
71.3
69.1
44.6
50.5
37.4
6.3
10.4
6.5
3.2

175
16
13
3
20
119
37
21
16
54
43
11
28
21
7
19
13
6
2
-

2

-

3

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

155
16
13
3
16
105
32
16
16
49
38
11
24
17
49
17
10
6
2
—

2

-

O

—

1

(M
(M

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures




20
—
-

3
14
5
5
-

5
5
—

4
4
—

2
2
-

7,693
446
173
272
824
5,750
2,069
970
1,099
2,235
1,133
1,103
1,446
852
594
571
354
217
102
55
24
23

796
151
51
100
168
443
222
138
84
161
93
68
60
41
19
24
21
4
9
7
-

2

and revised population controls used in the household survey.

9.4
25.3
22.9
26.8
16.9
7.1
9.7
12.4
7.1
6.7
7.5
5.8
4.0
4.5
3.1
4.1
5.5
1.8
8.5

O

(M

4,960
651
393
258
385
1,733
587
307
280
594
320
275
552
305
247
689
329
360
1,503
464
345
693

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

203,364
137,460
67.6
130,865
3,661
127,205
6,594
4.8
65,904

205,479
138,379
67.3
132,206
3,818
128,388
6,173
4.5
67,100

89,982
69,571
77.3
67,000
2,424
64,576
2,571
3.7
20,410

90,889
69,823
76.8
67,464
2,556
64,908
2,359
3.4
21,066

98,000
59,123
60.3
56,311
888
55,423
2,811
4.8
38,877

98,901
59,426
60.1
56,786
883
55,903
2,639
4.4
39,476

15,382
8,765
57.0
7,554
348
7,205
1,212
13.8
6,617

15,689
9,130
58.2
7,955
379
7,577
1,175
12.9
6,559

170,148
115,365
67.8
110,654
3,426
107,228
4,711
4.1
54,783

171,655
115,959
67.6
111,511
3,529
107,982
4,448
3.8
55,696

76,391
59,307
77.6
57,418
2,237
55,180
1,889
3.2
17,085

77,030
59,515
77.3
57,787
2,349
55,438
1,728
2.9
17,516

81,550
48,677
59.7
46,699
857
45,841
1,978
4.1
32,873

82,127
48,763
59.4
46,861
835
46,026
1,902
3.9
33,364

12,207
7,382
60.5
6,538
332
6,206
843
11.4
4,825

12,497
7,681
61.5
6,863
345
6,518
818
10.7
4,816

24,043
15,953
66.4
14,409
130
14,280
1,544
9.7
8,089

24,418
16,129
66.1
14,663
175
14,488
1,466
9.1
8,289

9,599
7,077
73.7
6,554
115
6,439
523
7.4
2,521

9,743
7,055
72.4
6,548
139
6,409
507
7.2
2,687

12,034
7,793
64.8
7,081
14
7,068
712
9.1
4,241

12,222
7,912
64.7
7,267
20
7,247
645
8.2
4,310

2,410
1,083
44.9
774
1
773
309
28.5
1,327

2,453
1,161
47.3
848
16
832
313
27.0
1,292

White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
NOTE:

Beginning In January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
August 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Unemployed

Total

Full
time

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

9,585
6,217
3,368

4,873
2,806
2,067

50.8
45.1
61.4

4,432
2,481
1,950

1,797
747
1,050

2,635
1,735
900

441
325
116

167
104
63

274
221
53

9.1
11.6
5.6

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,219
5 366
4,379
987

1,682
3,191
2,365
826

39.9
59.5
54.0
83.7

1,418
3,014
2,225
789

293
1,504
970
534

1,125
1,510
1,255
255

265
177
140
37

72
95
74
21

192
82
66
16

15.7
5.5
5.9
4.5

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

4,713
3,129
1,584

2,355
1,412
943

50.0
45.1
59.5

2,129
1,243
886

908
388
520

1,221
855
367

226
169
57

80
48
32

146
121
25

9.6
12.0
6.0

2,203
2,510
2,041
469

883
1,471
1,079
393

40.1
58.6
52.8
83.7

752
1,378
1,003
374

171
736
481
255

580
641
522
119

132
94
75
19

35
45
39
6

97
49
36
13

14.9
6.4
7.0
4.8

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

4,872
3,088
1,784

2,518
1,394
1,124

51.7
45.2
63.0

2,302
1,238
1,064

889
359
531

1,413
880
534

216
156
59

87
56
31

129
100
28

8.6
11.2
5.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

2,016
2,856
2,338
518

799
1,719
1,286
433

39.6
60.2
55.0
83.7

666
1,636
1,221
415

121
768
489
279

545
868
732
136

133
83
65
18

37
50
35
15

95
33
30
3

16.6
4.8
5.0
4.2

7,390
4,798
2,593

4,050
2,374
1,676

54.8
49.5
64.7

3,757
2,149
1,607

1,539
666
873

2,217
1,483
734

294
225
69

115
72
43

179
153
26

7.2
9.5
4.1

Men
Women

3,676
3,715

2,022
2,028

55.0
54.6

1,861
1,896

804
735

1,057
1,161

162
132

62
53

100
79

8.0
6.5

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,169
4,221
3,408
813

1,383
2,667
1,967
700

43.6
63.2
57.7
86.1

1,215
2,542
1,864
678

245
1,295
845
449

970
1,247
1,018
229

168
125
103
23

47
67
50
18

121
58
53
5

12.2
4.7
5.2
3.2

1,547
1,058
488

590
337
253

38.1
31.8
51.8

472
253
219

186
52
134

286
202
85

118
83
34

49
30
18

69
53
16

19.9
24.8
13.5

Men
Women

703
843

225
365

31.9
43.3

181
291

70
116

111
175

44
74

16
33

28
41

19.4
20.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

829
717
609
108

242
348
268
80

29.2
48.5
43.9
74.4

163
309
236
73

27
159
93
66

135
151
143
7

79
38
32
7

24
25
21
3

55
14
10
3

32.7
11.0
11.8
8.5

1,197
846
351

468
281
187

39.1
33.3
53.2

391
219
172

157
64
93

233
154
79

77
63
15

44
33
11

34
30
4

16.5
22.2
7.9

Men
Women

638
559

276
193

43.2
34.4

237
154

95
62

141
92

39
38

21
23

18
16

14.1
20.0

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

665
532
370
162

183
285
158
127

27.6
53.5
42.6
78.4

134
257
138
119

37
120
57
63

97
137
81
56

50
28
20
8

23
21
13
8

26
7
7

27.0
9.8
12.7
6.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years




-

(Numbers in thousands)
August 1998
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Tfttal
1 Oiai

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Unemployed

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
23,689
9,472
14,217

18,189
6,324
11,866

76.8
66.8
83.5

16,290
5,474
10,816

12,016
2,862
9,154

4,274
2,613
1,662

1,899
850
1,049

1,518
556
962

381
293
87

10.4
13.4
8.8

8,113
8,097
5,900
1,580

4,955
6,640
5,120
1,474

61.1
82.0
86.8
93.3

4,154
5,948
4,827
1,362

2,334
4,742
3,689
1,251

1,820
1,206
1,138
111

801
693
293
112

580
601
235
103

221
92
59
9

16.2
10.4
5.7
7.6

12,107
4,874
7,233

9,802
3,305
6,497

81.0
67.8
89.8

8,797
2,830
5,967

7,015
1,659
5,356

1,781
1,171
610

1,006
475
531

836
331
505

169
144
26

10.3
14.4
8.2

4,377
4,278
2,752
700

2,942
3,754
2,445
662

67.2
87.7
88.8
94.5

2,497
3,366
2,318
616

1,612
2,908
1,905
590

885
458
412
25

445
388
127
46

346
342
105
43

100
46
22
2

15.1
10.3
5.2
6.9

11,582
4,598
6,984

8,387
3,019
5,368

72.4
65.7
76.9

7,493
2,644
4,849

5,001
1,202
3,798

2,493
1,442
1,051

894
375
519

682
225
457

212
150
62

10.7
12.4
9.7

3,735
3,819
3,148
879

2,013
2,886
2,675
813

53.9
75.6
85.0
92.4

1,657
2,582
2,509
746

722
1,834
1,784
661

935
748
725
85

356
305
166
66

234
259
129
60

122
46
37
7

17.7
10.6
6.2
8.2

19,258
7,700
11,559

15,142
5,307
9,835

78.6
68.9
85.1

13,829
4,713
9,115

10,242
2,498
7,744

3,586
2,215
1,371

1,314
594
720

995
359
636

319
235
84

8.7
11.2
7.3

Men
Women .

9,918
9,341

8,258
6,884

83.3
73.7

7,571
6,257

6,086
4,156

1,485
2,101

687
627

548
447

139
180

8.3
9.1

Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

6,450
6,509
4,939
1,359

4,065
5,421
4,375
1,281

63.0
83.3
88.6
94.2

3,523
4,958
4,158
1,190

1,996
3,970
3,183
1,093

1,527
987
975
97

542
463
217
92

365
382
165
83

176
81
53
9

13.3
8.5
5.0
7.1

3,455
1,395
2,060

2,410
824
1,585

69.8
59.1
77.0

1,883
595
1,289

1,331
274
1,058

552
321
231

526
230
296

479
184
295

47
45
1

21.8
27.9
18.7

Men
Women .

1,670
1,785

1,182
1,227

70.8
68.8

901
982

671
660

230
322

281
245

260
219

21
26

23.8
20.0

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,327
1,300
722
105

741
1,007
573
88

55.8
77.5
79.4
84.0

508
792
502
81

264
598
392
77

244
194
110
4

233
215
72
7

201
204
68
7

32
11
4

31.4
21.3
12.5
7.8

3,809
1,369
2,440

2,733
786
1,947

71.8
57.4
79.8

2,379
629
1,750

1,881
384
1,497

498
245
253

354
157
197

278
95
184

76
63
13

13.0
20.0
10.1

Men
Women .

2,004
1,805

1,660
1,073

82.8
59.4

1,475
904

1,249
631

225
273

185
169

154
124

31
45

11.2
15.7

Less than a high school diploma ...
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

1,887
1,257
610
56

1,161
1,005
511
56

61.5
80.0
83.8
(M

962
894
469
53

766
702
365
48

195
192
105
5

199
111
42
3

146
88
42
3

53
23

17.2
11.0
8.2
(M

Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college ,
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Men, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years ,
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma ....
High school graduates, no college .
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups




-

will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Educational attainment

Aug.
1997

Men
Aug.
1998

Women

White

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

172,205
115,317
67.0
111,484
64.7
3,833
3.3

81,290
62,150
76.5
60,161
74.0
1,990
3.2

82,072
62,383
76.0
60,611
73.9
1,771
2.8

89,265
52,783
59.1
50,498
56.6
2,285
4.3

90,133
52,934
58.7
50,873
56.4
2,061
3.9

143,950
96,625
67.1
93,532
65.0
3,092
3.2

29,314
12,460
42.5
11,589
39.5
872
7.0

29,204
12,402
42.5
11,602
39.7
800
6.5

13,873
7,658
55.2
7,225
52.1
433
5.6

13,914
7,697
55.3
7,282
52.3
414
5.4

15,441
4,802
31.1
4,363
28.3
439
9.1

15,291
4,705
30.8
4,320
28.2
386
8.2

57,607
37,798
65.6
36,262
62.9
1,535
4.1

57,729
37,305
64.6
35,898
62.2
1,407
3.8

26,201
20,059
76.6
19,334
73.8
724
3.6

26,490
20,046
75.7
19,373
73.1
673
3.4

31,405
17,739
56.5
16,928
53.9
811
4.6

42,401
31,689
74.7
30,673
72.3
1,016
3.2

41,842
31,106
74.3
30,227
72.2
879
2.8

19,630
16,153
82.3
15,703
80.0
450
2.8

19,024
15,585
81.9
15,211
80.0
374
2.4

29,819
21,841
73.2
21,093
70.7
748
3.4

29,152
21,170
72.6
20,510
70.4
660
3.1

14,245
11,524
80.9
11,197
78.6
328
2.8

12,582
9,848
78.3
9,580
76.1
268
2.7

12,689
9,936
78.3
9,717
76.6
219
2.2

41,232
32,986
80.0
32,135
77.9
852
2.6

43,431
34,504
79.4
33,757
77.7
747
2.2

Black
Aug.
1998

Hispanic origin

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

145,006
96,766
66.7
93,926
64.8
2,841
2.9

19,115
13,088
68.5
12,122
63.4
966
7.4

19,417
13,129
67.6
12,307
63.4
822
6.3

15,623
11,016
70.5
10,404
66.6
612
5.6

16,153
11,219
69.5
10,579
65.5
640
5.7

23,377
10,001
42.8
9,403
40.2
598
6.0

23,382
10,084
43.1
9,486
40.6
598
5.9

4,557
1,836
40.3
1,616
35.5
220
12.0

4,333
1,661
38.3
1,500
34.6
161
9.7

6,951
4,107
59.1
3,814
54.9
293
7.1

7,259
4,331
59.7
4,023
55.4
308
7.1

31,239
17,259
55.3
16,525
52.9
734
4.3

48,906
31,668
64.8
30,626
62.6
1,041
3.3

48,825
31,072
63.6
30,096
61.6
976
3.1

6,802
4,856
71.4
4,424
65.0
432
8.9

7,029
4,984
70.9
4,600
65.4
384
7.7

4,230
3,219
76.1
3,056
72.3
163
5.1

4,151
3,049
73.5
2,892
69.7
158
5.2

22,771
15,536
68.2
14,970
65.7
566
3.6

22,817
15,521
68.0
15,016
65.8
505
3.3

35,934
26,538
73.9
25,772
71.7
766
2.9

35,269
26,017
73.8
25,366
71.9
651
2.5

4,939
3,971
80.4
3,761
76.1
211
5.3

5,014
3,875
77.3
3,695
73.7
180
4.7

2,846
2,337
82.1
2,235
78.5
102
4.4

3,051
2,438
79.9
2,344
76.8
94
3.9

13,433
10,768
80.2
10,472
78.0
297
2.8

15,574
10,317
66.2
9,896
63.5
420
4.1

15,719
10,401
66.2
10,038
63.9
363
3.5

25,143
18,139
72.1
17,564
69.9
575
3.2

24,387
17,532
71.9
17,046
69.9
486
2.8

3,698
2,957
80.0
2,798
75.7
159
5.4

3,758
2,876
76.5
2,724
72.5
151
5.3

2,106
1,737
82.5
1,661
78.9
76
4.4

2,168
1,716
79.1
1,641
75.7
75
4.4

5,385
4,629
86.0
4,506
83.7
122
2.6

5,591
4,816
86.1
4,739
84.8
77
1.6

7,197
5,219
72.5
5,074
70.5
145
2.8

7,098
5,120
72.1
4,978
70.1
142
2.8

10,791
8,400
77.8
8,209
76.1
191
2.3

10,882
8,485
78.0
8,320
76.5
166
2.0

1,241
1,014
81.7
963
77.6
52
5.1

1,255
1,000
79.6
971
77.3
29
2.9

740
600
81.1
574
77.6
26
4.3

883
723
81.9
703
79.7
20
2.7

21,585
18,281
84.7
17,898
82.9
382
2.1

22,644
19,056
84.2
18,745
82.8
310
1.6

19,648
14,706
74.8
14,236
72.5
469
3.2

20,787
15,448
74.3
15,012
72.2
437
2.8

35,734
28,417
79.5
27,731
77.6
687
2.4

37,531
29,593
78.9
28,978
77.2
615
2.1

2,817
2,424
86.0
2,321
82.4
103
4.3

3,041
2,609
85.8
2,512
82.6
96
3.7

1,596
1,353
84.8
1,299
81.4
54
4.0

1,692
1,401
82.8
1,321
78.1
80
5.7

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population ... 170,555
Civilian labor force
114,933
67.4
Percent of population
110,658
Employed
Employment-population ratio
64.9
4,275
Unemployed
3.7
Unemployment rate
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
High school graduates, no college
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Less than a bachelor's degree^
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Some college, no degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Associate degree
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are




included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1998,
data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.

August 1998
Employed^
Part-time workers

At work

Atwork2

Age, sex, and race
Total

Unemployed

Full-time workers

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time for
economic
reasons

Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

110,900
3,608
815
2,793
107,292
10,205
97,087
84,796
12,291

93,548
3,009
652
2,357
90,539
8,766
81,773
71,548
10,226

9,972
467
146
321
9,505
1,073
8,432
7,324
1,108

7,379
132
17
115
7,247
366
6,881
5,923
958

21,306
4,347
2,411
1,936
16,959
2,562
14,397
10,302
4,095

2,278
367
77
290
1,911
423
1,488
1,278
210

16,618
3,702
2,162
1,540
12,916
1,971
10,945
7,536
3,410

2,410
278
172
105
2,132
168
1,964
1,489
475

4,932
660
174
486
4,272
1,025
3,246
2,928
319

1,241
515
357
157
727
140
586
429
157

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

64,887
2,047
62,839
5,876
56,964
49,458
7,506

56,537
1,771
54,766
5,256
49,509
43,076
6,433

4,958
206
4,751
461
4,290
3,699
591

3,392
69
3,322
159
3,164
2,682
482

6,651
2,026
4,625
977
3,648
1,998
1,649

981
154
827
195
632
532
100

5,175
1,735
3,440
736
2,704
1,286
1,419

495
137
358
46
311
180
131

2,536
379
2,157
537
1,620
1,441
179

466
265
201
50
151
100
52

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

46,013
1,561
44,452
4,329
40,123
35,338
4,786

37,011
1,238
35,774
3,510
32,264
28,471
3,793

5,015
261
4,754
612
4,142
3,625
517

3,987
63
3,925
207
3,718
3,241
476

14,655
2,321
12,334
1,585
10,749
8,303
2,446

1,297
213
1,083
228
856
745
110

11,443
1,967
9,476
1,235
8,241
6,250
1,991

1,915
141
1,774
122
1,653
1,308
344

2,395
281
2,114
488
1,626
1,487
140

775
250
525
90
435
329
106

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

55,679
1,811
53,868
5,080
48,789
42,129
6,659

48,370
1,565
46,805
4,541
42,264
36,586
5,678

4,289
189
4,101
391
3,710
3,165
545

3,020
57
2,963
148
2,815
2,379
436

5,649
1,730
3,918
811
3,107
1,612
1,495

769
112
656
152
504
414
90

4,446
1,499
2,947
620
2,327
1,044
1,284

434
119
315
40
275
154
121

1,834
251
1,583
358
1,224
1,084
141

348
203
145
36
109
63
46

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

37,318
1,353
35,964
3,538
32,427
28,315
4,112

29,807
1,057
28,750
2,884
25,866
22,615
3,251

4,158
234
3,924
489
3,435
2,985
450

3,352
63
3,290
164
3,126
2,715
411

12,865
1,968
10,897
1,294
9,603
7,413
2,191

1,018
176
842
185
658
581
77

10,115
1,667
8,448
1,009
7,440
5,638
1,802

1,732
125
1,606
101
1,506
1,194
312

1,640
179
1,460
320
1,140
1,029
111

626
185
441
74
367
274
93

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,271
177
6,094
564
5,529
4,981
549

5,558
160
5,398
510
4,888
4,404
484

454
12
443
44
398
369
30

259
5
253
10
243
208
35

679
225
454
116
338
225
114

161
36
124
36
89
80
8

484
179
306
77
229
131
98

35
10
25
3
21
14
8

585
119
466
158
309
282
27

85
44
41
5
36
31
5

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

6,447
148
6,299
628
5,671
5,190
480

5,264
129
5,136
484
4,651
4,263
388

664
20
645
107
538
503
35

519

1,266
297
969
200
769
574
195

209
24
185
37
148
122
26

930
258
672
145
527
382
145

127
15
112
18
94
71
23

678
96
582
156
427
400
27

118
55
63
13
50
43
7

White

Black

1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified
according to their usual status.




-

519
37
482
425
57

2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation

16 years
and over
Aug.
1997

Total

Aug.
1998

130,865 132,206

16 years
and over

Women
20 years
and (over

20 years
and'over

16 years
and over

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

70,890

71,537

67,000

67,464

59,976

60,669

56,311

56,786

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

37,407
18,649
704
13,206
4,739
18,758
2,031
1,455
521
1,059
2,824
742
4,486
939
4,700

38,558
19,235
672
13,882
4,681
19,323
2,011
1,919
554
1,167
2,764
815
4,450
998
4,644

19,311
10,417
369
7,952
2,096
8,894
1,853
1,032
352
767
414
438
1,084
695
2,260

19,969
10,808
324
8,417
2,068
9,161
1,802
1,337
399
826
402
483
1,075
724
2,113

19,175
10,365
369
7,912
2,084
8,811
1,852
1,029
352
767
414
437
1,057
692
2,210

19,783
10,738
324
8,363
2,051
9,046
1,795
1,319
398
826
402
479
1,058
715
2,053

18,096
8,232
334
5,254
2,644
9,864
178
423
169
292
2,411
304
3,402
244
2,441

18,589
8,427
348
5,465
2,614
10,162
209
581
155
341
2,362
332
3,375
274
2,531

17,916
8,165
335
5,198
2,632
9,751
178
423
170
293
2,409
301
3,359
244
2,375

18,341
8,339
348
5,391
2,601
10,002
209
570
155
341
2,351
328
3,301
274
2,472

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

38,475
4,323
1,703
1,336
1,285
15,841
4,709
2,620
1,481
6,956
75
18,312
693
349
3,730
2,202
968
10,369

39,045
4,326
1,716
1,278
1,331
16,079
4,781
2,740
1,694
6,781
83
18,640
679
367
3,678
2,274
1,009
10,633

13,822
2,053
335
982
736
7,933
2,895
1,478
1,078
2,451
31
3,836
264
145
69
169
617
2,574

14,136
2,076
313
971
792
7,995
2,851
1,583
1,228
2,303
30
4,065
243
162
71
199
659
2,731

12,984
1,995
333
941
721
7,404
2,877
1,466
1,069
1,965
28
3,585
262
146
64
156
595
2,361

13,211
2,041
310
954
777
7,377
2,822
1,534
1,215
1,778
28
3,793
239
156
69
192
649
2,488

24,654
2,270
1,368
354
548
7,908
1,814
1,142
403
4,505
44
14,476
429
205
3,661
2,034
352
7,795

24,909
2,250
1,404
307
539
8,084
1,930
1,157
466
4,478
54
14,575
437
204
3,607
2,075
350
7,902

22,860
2,235
1,349
344
542
6,746
1,795
1,117
395
3,395
44
13,878
422
199
3,587
2,011
340
7,318

23,015
2,216
1,382
301
532
6,869
1,901
1,110
460
3,344
53
13,930
437
200
3,505
2,048
340
7,402

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

18,041
856
2,492
14,692
6,128
2,424
3,216
2,924

18,081
808
2,556
14,718
6,091
2,666
3,141
2,821

7,490
30
2,012
5,448
2,696
281
1,842
629

7,311
44
2,078
5,189
2,642
283
1,678
586

6,361
31
1,932
4,398
1,952
267
1,677
503

6,274
35
2,010
4,229
1,966
265
1,519
478

10,550
826
480
9,244
3,433
2,143
1,373
2,295

10,770
764
477
9,529
3,449
2,383
1,463
2,234

9,235
699
381
8,154
2,709
2,045
1,312
2,088

9,396
622
374
8,400
2,689
2,266
1,390
2,055

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

14,349
4,820
5,451
4,079

14,360
4,710
5,686
3,965

13,073
4,627
5,321
3,124

13,177
4,485
5,591
3,101

12,711
4,518
5,148
3,045

12,807
4,386
5,374
3,048

1,277
193
129
955

1,183
225
95
863

1,248
192
126
929

1,160
223
94
843

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,754
8,141
5,370
4,057
1,313
5,243
906
4,337

18,138
7,769
5,185
3,901
1,285
5,184
895
4,290

14,116
5,083
4,866
3,605
1,260
4,167
862
3,305

13,707
4,892
4,699
3,506
1,192
4,117
855
3,261

13,062
4,882
4,764
3,516
1,249
3,416
744
2,672

12,556
4,687
4,561
3,402
1,159
3,308
737
2,572

4,638
3,058
504
451
53
1,076
44
1,032

4,431
2,876
487
395
92
1,068
40
1,028

4,372
2,962
478
425
53
933
40
893

4,176
2,781
474
383
91
922
34
888

3,839
1,379
2,460

4,023
1,243
2,780

3,078
1,065
2,014

3,236
958
2,278

2,707
1,050
1,657

2,832
947
1,885

761
314
447

786
285
501

681
313
368

698
280
417

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

A-20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

130,865
100.0

132,206
100.0

70,890
100.0

71,537
100.0

59,976
100.0

60,669
100.0

28.6
14.3
14.3
29.4
3.3
12.1
14.0
13.8
.7
1.9
11.2
11.0
14.3
6.2
4.1
4.0
2.9

29.2
14.5
14.6
29.5
3.3
12.2
14.1
13.7
.6
1.9
11.1
10.9
13.7
5.9
3.9
3.9
3.0

27.2
14.7
12.5
19.5
2.9
11.2
5.4
10.6
(M
2.8
7.7
18.4
19.9
7.2
6.9
5.9
4.3

27.9
15.1
12.8
19.8
2.9
11.2
5.7
10.2
.1
2.9
7.3
18.4
19.2
6.8
6.6
5.8
4.5

30.2
13.7
16.4
41.1
3.8
13.2
24.1
17.6
1.4
.8
15.4
2.1
7.7
5.1
.8
1.8
1.3

30.6
13.9
16.7
41.1
3.7
13.3
24.0
17.8
1.3
.8
15.7
2.0
7.3
4.7
.8
1.8
1.3

110,654
100.0

111,511
100.0

60,822
100.0

61,328
100.0

49,832
100.0

50,183
100.0

29.6
14.9
14.7
29.6
3.3
12.4
13.9
12.5
.6
1.7
10.2
11.4
13.6
5.9
4.0
3.8
3.2

30.3
15.3
15.0
29.6
3.2
12.5
13.9
12.4
.6
1.8
10.0
11.3
13.1
5.5
3.8
3.8
3.3

28.1
15.4
12.7
19.7
2.9
11.7
5.1
9.4
(M
2.6
6.8
19.1
19.0
6.9
6.6
5.5
4.6

29.0
16.0
13.0
19.8
2.8
11.7
5.3
9.0
.1
2.7
6.3
19.1
18.3
6.6
6.3
5.5
4.8

31.4
14.3
17.0
41.8
3.8
13.3
24.6
16.3
1.4
.7
14.2
2.1
7.1
4.6
.8
1.7
1.5

32.0
14.5
17.4
41.5
3.7
13.4
24.4
16.5
1.3
.7
14.5
1.9
6.7
4.2
.7
1.7
1.5

14,409
100.0

14,663
100.0

6,918
100.0

6,950
100.0

7,492
100.0

7,713
100.0

19.7
9.5
10.2
27.8
3.0
9.0
15.8
23.4
.9
3.4
19.2
8.0
19.8
8.2
5.9
5.7
1.3

19.2
9.6
9.6
29.3
3.3
9.8
16.1
22.9
.5
3.6
18.8
7.9
19.1
7.9
5.9
5.4
1.5

16.7
8.9
7.9
16.6
2.5
6.2
7.9
19.8
.1
5.3
14.4
14.6
29.7
9.5
10.9
9.4
2.5

15.8
8.5
7.3
18.3
3.1
7.1
8.0
19.7
.1
5.8
13.8
14.7
28.7
9.0
10.7
8.9
2.9

22.4
10.0
12.4
38.1
3.5
11.5
23.1
26.7
1.6
1.6
23.5
1.9
10.6
7.0
1.3
2.3
.2

22.3
10.6
11.7
39.3
3.5
12.3
23.4
25.9
.9
1.6
23.3
1.8
10.5
6.8
1.5
2.1
.3

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1 Less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(In thousands)
August 1998
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Sen/ices
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
Techniemadminiscians
Profesployed
trative,
and
sional
and
specialty related
manasupport
gerial

Precision
production,
Adminiscraft,
trative
Private
Other
and
Sales support, houseservice 1
repair
including
hold
clerical

3,818
614
8,860
20,994
12,707
8,287

113
86
1,463
3,138
1,872
1,266

132
71
158
2,020
1,397
624

55
24
62
659
431
228

38
19
62
736
333
403

139
66
449
2,118
1,215
903

9,101
27,458
5,338
22,120

1,253
2,645
682
1,963

543
598
132
465

324
186
44
141

281
11514
2,208
9,305

2,328
2,250
783
1,467

-

8,530
46,970
921
46,049
30,557
5,863

2,425
6,826
12
6,814
4,158
1,286

415
14,391

151
2,636
2
2,633
2,164
229

2,171
1,230
2
1,227
206
29

2,798
7,204
18
7.186
5,125
1,288

-

-

14,391
12,406
995

^ Includes protective service, not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

-

-

808
808
—

Machine
operators,
assemblers,
and
Inspectors

Transportation
and
material
moving

Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers

Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing

32
8
40
294
151
143

44
193
5,001
3,862
2,713
1,149

14
32
79
6,195
3,579
2,617

42
94
525
788
415
373

27
19
1,003
1,101
528
573

3,180
1
17
83
74
9

260
5,307
53
5,254

1,258
1,493
360
1,133

128
381
155
225

2,192
1,036
498
538

513
1,940
339
1,601

22
110
83
27

310
9,276
39
9,238
5,427
1,747

169
2,160
4
2,156
460
179

13
453

19
542
1
541
113
20

52
527
34
494
107
30

5
916
-

-

916
178
18

453
213
41

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

August 1998
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex
Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Private industries
Total
Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,315
316
155
162
358
550
566
282
188
55

1,466
47
31
17
42
184
363
340
259
230

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,738
244
116
128
296
414
398
199
141
47

1,096
39
24
15
36
140
273
247
177
184

576
73
39
34
62
137
168
83
47
8

370
8
7
1
6
44
90
94
81
47

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

NOTE:

37
15
3
12
6
5
7
-

3
-

18
14
2
11
2
3
-

19
1
1
-

5
3
7
-

3
-

Other
private
industries

Government

119,366
7,509
2,998
4,511
12,099
28,934
32,666
24,482
10,995
2,681

101,584
7,082
2,819
4,262
11,204
25,353
27,624
19,084
8,923
2,315

914
162
84
78
81
158
197
187
86
43

100,670
6,920
2,736
4,184
11,123
25,195
27,427
18,897
8,837
2,272

17,782
427
179
248
895
3,581
5,042
5,398
2,072
366

8,938
64
36
28
251
1,571
2,701
2,394
1,362
596

63,245
3,748
1,491
2,257
6,370
15,613
17,528
12,597
5,919
1,469

55,233
3,530
1,397
2,134
5,989
13,985
15,286
10,185
4,953
1,304

84
20
8
12
6
20
26
8
4

55,149
3,510
1,389
2,121
5,984
13,965
15,260
10,177
4,953
1,299

8,012
218
94
123
381
1,628
2,242
2,413
966
166

5,417
25
17
8
145
875
1,605
1,553
838
376

56,121
3,761
1,507
2,254
5,728
13,321
15,138
11,884
5,076
1,212

46,351
3,551
1,423
2,129
5,215
11,368
12,338
8,899
3,970
1,011

830
142
76
66
75
138
171
179
86
38

45,521
3,409
1,346
2,063
5,139
11,230
12,166
8,720
3,884
973

9,769
210
85
125
514
1,953
2,800
2,986
1,106
200

3,521
39
19
20
106
695
1,096
841
524
219

Beginning in J a n u a r y 1 9 9 8 , d a t a reflect n e w composite estimation




Private
household
workers

Selfemployed
workers

-

Unpaid
family
workers

procedures a n d revised population controls used in the household survey.

_

84
4
4
10
14
19
19
12
6

_

23
4
4
4
4
4
5
2
2
61

-

_
_
6
10
16
15
11
4

August 1998
Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Percent distribution

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

122,417

3,667

118,750

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

27,962
1,573
3,951
13,787
8,651

1,003
70
233
427
273

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

94,455
8,322
46,097
40,036
14,637
14,685
10,714
39.9
43.3

Total, 16 years and over

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

100.0

100.0

100.0

26,959
1,503
3,718
13,360
8,378

22.8
1.3
3.2
11.3
7.1

27.4
1.9
6.4
11.6
7.5

22.7
1.3
3.1
11.3
7.1

2,664
214
907
1,542
348
464
730

91,791
8,108
45,189
38,494
14,290
14,221
9,984

77.2
6.8
37.7
32.7
12.0
12.0
8.8

72.6
5.8
24.7
42.1
9.5
12.7
19.9

77.3
6.8
38.1
32.4
12.0
12.0
8.4

42.5
48.4

39.9
43.2

-

-

-

procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

A-24. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1998
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons

Total

Usually
wori<
full time

Usually
wori<
part time

Total

Usually
wori<
full time

Usually
wori<
part time

27,962

9,972

17,990

26,959

9,669

17,289

3,508
1,908
1,201
124
275

1,369
1,018

2,139
889
1,201
49

3,350
1,813
1,164
100
273

1,289
952

2,061
861
1,164
36

24,454
848
4,906
706
4,779
1,695
5,170
74
98
6,178

8,603
85
690

8,380
85
673

5,170
74
98
2,378

3,800

23,609
844
4,734
658
4,625
1,591
5,058
71
75
5,953

5,058
71
75
2,312

3,641

22.4
21.5

23.2
23.6

21.9
20.3

22.5
21.6

23.1
23.6

22.1
20.4

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




-

76
275

-

108
-

-

15,851
763
4,216
706
4,671
1,695
-

-

64
273

-

107
-

-

15,229
759
4,062
658
4,518
1,591
-

procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

August 1998
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

For
economic
reasons

Total, 16 years and over

118,750

26,959

Wage and salary workers

110,466

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,350

8,380

15,229

91,791

39.9

43.2

24,239

3,000

7,777

13,463

86,226

39.9

42.9

560

54

7

30

17

506

46.6

47.7

7,043

1,084

262

492

331

5,959

41.8

43.2

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,508
11,821
7,687

2,080
1,162
918

279
144
135

1,204
773
431

597
245
352

17,428
10,660
6,769

43.0
43.3
42.5

43.8
43.8
43.7

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

8,099
24,463
7,521

1,102
7,493
1,260

148
973
62

508
1,289
540

446
5,231
658

6,997
16,970
6,261

43.0
37.9
40.7

44.5
43.3
42.6

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

37,781
862
36,919
5,490

10,309
462
9,848
857

1,234
84
1,150
36

3,127
60
3,067
587

5,948
317
5,630
234

27,472
400
27,072
4,634

38.1
31.1
38.3
40.9

41.9
42.2
41.9
42.0

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,200
84

2,662
58

349
1

598
5

1,714
52

5,538
27

39.9
29.9

46.6
(M

Mining
Construction

^ Data not shown where base Is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
August 1998
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

118,750
7,173
2,852
4,321
111,577
11,839
99,738
85,475
14,263

26,959
4,185
2,203
1,982
22,774
3,252
19,522
15,186
4,336

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

64,878
3,576
1,416
2,159
61,302
6,320
54,982
46,968
8,014

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Age, sex, race, and marital status

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,350
423
86
337
2,927
570
2,357
2,034
322

8,380
339
122
217
8,041
877
7,164
6,255
909

15,229
3,422
1,994
1,428
11,806
1,805
10,001
6,896
3,105

91,791
2,989
650
2,339
88,803
8,586
80,216
70,290
9,927

39.9
29.6
24.2
33.2
40.5
37.7
40.9
41.4
37.4

43.2
39.9
37.6
40.5
43.3
41.2
43.5
43.6
43.0

10,174
1,878
1,033
844
8,296
1,301
6,995
5,127
1,867

1,512
170
46
124
1,342
262
1,080
929
152

4,068
134
49
84
3,934
365
3,569
3,097
472

4,594
1,574
938
636
3,020
674
2,346
1,102
1,244

54,704
1,698
383
1,315
53,006
5,019
47,987
41,841
6,146

42.7
31.2
25.3
35.0
43.4
40.1
43.8
44.4
40.2

44.7
41.0
38.7
41.7
44.9
42.7
45.1
45.2
44.5

53,872
3,598
1,436
2,161
50,275
5,518
44,756
38,507
6,249

16,785
2,307
1,169
1,137
14,478
1,951
12,527
10,059
2,469

1,838
253
40
213
1,585
309
1,276
1,105
171

4,312
206
73
132
4,107
511
3,595
3,159
437

10,635
1,848
1,057
792
8,786
1,131
7,656
5,794
1,861

37,087
1,291
267
1,024
35,797
3,567
32,229
28,449
3,780

36.4
28.1
23.1
31.5
37.0
34.9
37.3
37.9
33.9

40.9
38.4
36.2
39.0
41.0
39.1
41.2
41.3
40.7

99,584
55,327
44,257

23,066
8,670
14,396

2,694
1,233
1,460

7,059
3,496
3,563

13,314
3,941
9,373

76,518
46,657
29,861

39.9
42.9
36.2

43.4
45.0
40.9

13,557
6,510
7,047

2,789
1,021
1,768

496
213
283

965
376
589

1,327
431
897

10,769
5,489
5,279

39.2
41.1
37.4

41.8
43.1
40.5

38,736
7,682
18,459

4,665
1,096
4,413

602
224
685

2,542
510
1,016

1,521
362
2,711

34,071
6,586
14,047

44.2
43.3
39.3

45.4
44.8
43.1

27,727
11,053
15,092

8,721
2,734
5,330

669
376
793

2,222
924
1,167

5,830
1,434
3,370

19,006
8,319
9,763

36.2
38.5
35.4

40.8
41.6
40.6

TOTAL

Race
White, 16 years and over
Women
Black, 16 years and over

Marital status
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
August 1998
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over^
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over*"
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over"*
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Sen/ice, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

^ Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000




Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

118,552

26,893

34,318
18,051
16,267
36,562
4,088
15,198
17,277
16,757
761
2,384
13,612
13,712
17,203
7,407
4,849
4,946

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
wori<
part
time

3,329

8,350

15,214

91,659

39.9

43.2

6,436
2,607
3,828
9,695
764
4,414
4,518
6,051
416
384
5,251
1,837
2,874
913
698
1,263

569
166
403
911
77
508
326
849
64
21
765
407
593
190
145
258

2,920
1,346
1,574
2,589
306
893
1,390
1,020
58
167
795
946
876
398
238
240

2,947
1,095
1,852
6,195
380
3,013
2,803
4,182
294
196
3,692
485
1,406
326
315
765

27,882
15,444
12,438
26,867
3,324
10,784
12,758
10,706
345
2,001
8,361
11,875
14,329
6,494
4,152
3,683

41.8
43.7
39.7
38.2
40.5
39.1
37.0
35.7
31.1
42.5
34.8
42.5
41.3
41.8
44.3
37.7

44.1
45.4
42.7
42.3
42.5
44.5
40.5
41.8
42.4
44.5
41.2
43.6
43.5
42.9
46.2
41.6

64,509

10,027

1,481

4,026

4,520

54,481

42.8

44.8

18,450
10,198
8,253
13,454
1,968
7,658
3,827
6,891
44
1,939
4,907
12,615
13,099
4,701
4,451
3,947

2,450
1,111
1,339
2,231
231
1,324
676
1,778
17
263
1,499
1,584
1,984
461
593
930

221
89
132
215
34
121
60
263
3
16
243
363
420
104
126
189

1,360
666
694
792
123
383
286
370
3
140
228
862
642
240
221
181

869
355
514
1,223
74
819
330
1,146
11
107
1,028
359
923
117
246
559

16,001
9,087
6,914
11,223
1,738
6,335
3,151
5,112
27
1,676
3,409
11,031
11,115
4,240
3,858
3,018

44.7
46.1
43.0
42.6
43.4
43.7
40.1
38.9
(2)
43.7
37.1
42.9
42.1
42.8
44.8
38.2

46.1
47.1
44.8
45.1
44.5
46.9
42.1
43.3
(2)
45.1
42.5
43.8
44.1
43.6
46.4
41.8

54,043

16,866

1,848

4,324

10,695

37,177

36.4

40.9

15,867
7,853
8,014
23,108
2,120
7,539
13,450
9,867
717
445
8,705
1,097
4,103
2,706
398
999

3,986
1,497
2,489
7,465
533
3,090
3,842
4,272
399
121
3,753
253
890
452
105
333

348
77
271
696
44
387
265
587
61
5
521
44
173
86
19
69

1,560
680
880
1,796
183
510
1,104
649
55
27
567
84
234
158
17
59

2,078
740
1,339
4,972
306
2,193
2,473
3,036
283
89
2,664
125
483
208
69
206

11,881
6,357
5,525
15,644
1,586
4,449
9,608
5,594
318
324
4,952
844
3,213
2,255
293
665

38.5
40.7
36.4
35.7
37.8
34.4
36.1
33.5
31.0
37.3
33.5
38.5
38.8
40.0
38.3
36.1

41.6
42.9
40.2
40.4
40.4
41.2
39.9
40.5
42.6
41.2
40.4
41.2
41.6
41.7
42.7
40.7

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

A-28. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,259
1,012
451
1,796

3,003
915
378
1,711

4.4
2.3
5.2
8.3

White, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,358
810
348
1,200

2,182
746
278
1,157

Black, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

700
131
83
485

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Unemployment
rates

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

4.0
2.1
4.3
7.8

3,335
1,118
694
1,523

3,170
1,167
589
1,414

5.3
3.3
5.4
9.0

5.0
3.5
4.6
8.0

3.7
2.1
4.9
6.8

3.4
1.9
3.9
6.5

2,352
934
497
922

2,266
983
426
856

4.5
3.2
4.9
7.3

4.3
3.4
4.2
6.5

670
125
78
466

9.2
3.8
6.8
16.3

8.8
3.8
6.3
15.3

844
126
177
541

796
132
153
512

10.1
4.9
7.9
15.5

9.4
5.0
6.8
14.0

1,990
946
432
611

1,771
879
352
540

3.2
2.2
5.1
5.4

2.8
2.1
4.1
4.8

2,285
1,031
653
602

2,061
1,038
542
480

4.3
3.2
5.3
7.3

3.9
3.3
4.4
5.5

White, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,484
756
331
397

1,334
718
257
359

2.8
2.0
4.8
4.4

2.5
1.9
3.7
4.1

1,608
859
459
290

1,507
867
388
252

3.7
3.1
4.7
5.1

3.5
3.1
4.0
4.2

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

382
123
84
175

345
119
75
151

6.1
3.7
6.9
10.3

5.6
3.7
6.1
8.7

584
119
174
292

477
124
144
209

8.5
4.7
7.9
13.5

6.9
4.9
6.6
9.4

NOTE:

Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Aug.
1997

Thousands of
persons

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

A-29. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Men

Women

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

6,594

6,173

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.0

5.3

5.0

872
350
522

858
356
503

2.3
1.8
2.7

2.2
1.8
2.5

1.8
1.5
2.2

1.6
1.5
1.7

2.7
2.2
3.2

2.8
2.3
3.3

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,674
95
771
807

1,509
76
748
684

4.2
2.2
4.6
4.2

3.7
1.7
4.4
3.5

3.2
1.8
3.6
3.3

2.9
1.2
3.1
3.5

4.7
2.5
5.7
4.5

4.2
2.2
5.8
3.5

Service occupations
Private household
Protective sen/ice
Service, except private household and protective

1,204
80
84
1,040

1,306
89
60
1,157

6.3
8.5
3.3
6.6

6.7
10.0
2.3
7.3

5.6
(2)
3.1
6.5

5.8
(2)
1.4
7.5

6.7
8.7
3.8
6.6

7.4
10.5
5.8
7.2

620
144
309
167

606
159
268
178

4.1
2.9
5.4
3.9

4.1
3.3
4.5
4.3

3.9
2.9
5.3
3.1

3.9
3.2
4.4
4.1

6.2
3.7
7.8
6.5

5.6
5.3
10.1
5.1

1,420
546
311
563
133
430

1,215
415
269
531
139
392

7.0
6.3
5.5
9.7
12.8
9.0

6.3
5.1
4.9
9.3
13.5
8.4

6.5
4.6
5.1
10.3
12.5
9.7

6.0
4.5
4.4
9.5
13.6
8.3

8.6
8.9
8.9
7.5
(2)
6.9

7.1
6.0
9.8
8.5
(2)
8.4

Farming, forestry, and fishing

209

162

5.2

3.9

5.1

4.0

5.3

3.4

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

561
393
82
85

506
340
81
85

Total, 16 years and over^
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

^ Includes a small number of persons whose last job was In the Armed
Forces.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000




Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

_

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

_

NOTE: Beginning In January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Total
Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1998

6,594

6,173

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.0

5.3

5.0

5,032

4,851

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

5.3

5.0

Mining
Construction

31
485

23
407

4.6
6.8

3.7
5.6

4.0
6.9

3.9
5.8

7.8
6.5

2.7
4.3

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries

830
419
29
26
20
32
37
82
64
60
46
14
24
45

797
453
46
36
17
46
52
78
63
62
32
30
15
38

3.9
3.4
3.7
4.3
3.3
4.3
2.8
3.1
3.3
2.6
3.4
1.4
3.3
6.2

3.7
3.5
5.7
4.8
2.7
5.7
3.4
3.1
3.3
2.6
2.5
2.7
1.9
5.1

3.2
2.7
3.5
3.5
3.1
3.4
2.6
2.4
2.6
2.3
3.6
.6
3.2
2.7

3.4
3.5
6.2
4.5
2.7
6.4
3.9
3.3
2.8
2.3
2.5
2.1
.8
5.0

5.3
5.1
4.3
6.5
4.2
8.3
3.5
5.4
4.3
3.4
2.7
4.3
3.5
11.2

4.4
3.5
3.0
5.6
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.4
4.2
3.5
2.3
4.9
3.5
5.2

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

412
121
19
96
36
55
49
24
13

344
87
18
70
16
60
17
54
21

4.6
6.7
2.7
9.1
4.5
3.0
3.4
2.5
3.3

4.1
5.0
2.6
9.0
2.3
3.5
1.2
5.2
5.7

3.9
7.0
1.9
7.7
2.6
3.3
2.5
2.7
3.0

3.2
4.7
1.6
6.1
1.5
3.4
1.8
2.5
5.4

5.5
6.2
3.8
9.6
9.7
2.6
4.8
2.1
4.4

5.4
5.8
4.0
10.4
4.4
3.5
.1
10.6
6.3

282
213
69
1,615
191
1,424
234
1,555
613
942

274
196
77
1,483
188
1,296
210
1,658
667
991

3.8
4.6
2.4
6.0
3.9
6.5
2.9
4.6
3.1
6.7

3.7
4.3
2.8
5.5
3.6
5.9
2.6
4.8
3.3
6.9

3.2
4.0
1.5
5.2
3.2
5.9
3.0
4.3
2.7
5.6

3.5
3.9
2.6
4.7
3.0
5.3
2.2
4.3
2.5
5.8

5.3
6.4
4.1
6.9
5.5
7.0
2.9
4.8
3.3
7.8

4.3
5.4
3.1
6.3
4.9
6.5
3.0
5.0
3.6
8.0

144
858
561

120
696
506

6.7
2.9

4.9
2.4

6.8
2.6

4.4
1.9

6.5
3.3

6.3
3.0

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Sen/ice industries
Professional sen/ices
Other sen/ice industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




—

Aug.
1998

Women

Aug.
1997
Total, 16 years and over

Aug.
1997

Men

—

—

—

Aug.
1997

-

Aug.
1998

—

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Total.
16 years
and over

Black

White

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

6,594
2,859
716
2,143
1,438
705
958
2,217
561

6,173
2,715
782
1,932
1,342
590
795
2,157
506

2,571
1,530
339
1,191
826
364
389
595
57

2,359
1,399
320
1,079
776
303
292
588
80

2,811
1,149
335
814
540
274
412
1,140
110

2,639
1,135
421
714
514
199
383
1,036
86

1,212
180
43
138
71
66
157
481
393

1,175 4,711 4,448 1,544 1,466
608
586
181 2,114 2,026
622
42
548
138
135
452
140 1,567 1,404
469
988
293
278
51 1,081
417
159
485
191
88
617
144
120
739
168
534 1,539 1,487
585
579
318
151
340
319
189

43.4
10.9
32.5
14.5
33.6
8.5

44.0
12.7
31.3
12.9
34.9
8.2

59.5
13.2
46.3
15.1
23.1
2.2

59.3
13.6
45.8
12.4
24.9
3.4

40.9
11.9
29.0
14.7
40.6
3.9

43.0
16.0
27.0
14.5
39.3
3.3

14.9
3.5
11.4
13.0
39.7
32.4

15.4
3.5
11.9
10.2
45.4
29.0

44.9
11.6
33.3
15.7
32.7
6.8

45.6
14.0
31.6
13.9
33.4
7.1

39.4
9.0
30.4
10.9
37.5
12.2

40.0
9.2
30.8
9.8
39.9
10.3

2.1
.7
1.6
.4

2.0
.6
1.6
.4

2.2
.6
.9
.1

2.0
.4
.8
.1

1.9
.7
1.9
.2

1.9
.6
1.7
.1

2.1
1.8
5.5
4.5

2.0
1.3
5.8
3.7

1.8
.6
1.3
.3

1.7
.5
1.3
.3

3.8
1.1
3.6
1.2

3.6
.9
3.6
.9

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent lob losers
Persons who comoleted temoorarv iobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temoorarv lavoff
Not on temoorarv lavoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

(Percent distribution)
August 1998
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,173
2,715
782
1,932
1,342
590
795
2,157
506

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.6
38.6
46.8
35.2
32.7
40.9
51.7
42.0
28.8

34.8
36.1
43.5
33.2
30.8
38.7
34.0
31.7
42.2

24.5
25.3
9.7
31.6
36.5
20.4
14.3
26.3
28.9

11.0
12.4
5.2
15.3
19.0
7.1
9.1
11.1
5.7

13.5
12.9
4.5
16.3
17.6
13.3
5.1
15.2
23.3

Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,359
1,399
320
1,079
776
303
292
588
80

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

35.9
37.1
54.4
32.0
31.6
33.2
38.6
34.8
12.1

33.5
32.9
33.5
32.7
29.9
40.0
40.5
30.7
39.0

30.6
30.0
12.1
35.3
38.5
26.8
20.9
34.6
48.9

13.0
13.6
5.6
16.0
19.8
6.3
11.3
13.7
4.9

17.6
16.4
6.6
19.3
18.7
20.6
9.6
20.9
44.0

Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,639
1,135
421
714
514
199
383
1,036
86

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

41.5
35.0
39.2
32.6
29.9
39.4
55.2
44.6
29.5

34.7
42.0
52.0
36.1
33.6
42.5
31.6
28.1
30.7

23.8
23.0
8.8
31.4
36.5
18.1
13.2
27.3
39.9

11.6
12.6
5.5
16.8
19.4
10.2
10.1
11.2
8.1

12.3
10.4
3.3
14.5
17.1
7.9
3.1
16.1
31.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

1,175
181
42
140
51
88
120
534
340

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

48.3
71.8
(M
73.4
C)
70.7
72.8
44.9
32.6

37.9
24.5
(M
21.8
(M
25.6
25.6
40.0
45.9

13.8
3.7
(M
4.8
(M
3.7
1.5
15.1
21.5

5.6
2.0
(M
2.6
(M
3.0
.7
8.2
5.2

8.2
1.7
(M
2.2
(M
.7
.8
6.9
16.2

"I Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

employment

A-33. Unemployed total and full-time worl<

Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of persons

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

6,594
2,409
2,322
1,582
740
1,863
780
1,084
501
583

6,173
2,509
2,150
1,477
673
1,514
679
835
397
438

100.0
36.5
35.2
24.0
11.2
28.3
11.8
16.4
7.6
8.8

100.0
40.6
34.8
23.9
10.9
24.5
11.0
13.5
6.4
7.1

5,300
1,765
1,877
1,246
631
1,658
696
962
466
497

4,932
1,849
1,751
1,180
571
1,331
582
749
374
375

100.0
33.3
35.4
23.5
11.9
31.3
13.1
18.2
8.8
9.4

100.0
37.5
35.5
23.9
11.6
27.0
11.8
15.2
7.6
7.6

16.0
8.0

13.7
7.0

17.1
8.9

14.6
7.7

NOTE: Beginning In January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation




Percent distribution

-

-

-

-

procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

August 1998
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total

Weeks
15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,173
1,175
1,166
1,369
1,234
753
352
124

2,509
568
498
570
449
263
111
50

2,150
445
403
479
427
260
106
30

1,514
162
264
320
358
231
135
44

679
66
108
138
177
122
43
24

835
96
156
181
181
109
92
19

13.7
9.4
13.1
12.8
15.0
15.4
23.0
18.7

7.0
4.9
6.2
6.6
8.4
8.5
9.4
10.9

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,003
644
588
623
569
349
169
61

1,149
303
236
235
174
116
61
23

1,045
254
202
237
201
91
44
14

810
87
149
150
195
142
64
23

341
33
49
65
87
75
18
14

469
54
99
86
108
67
46
9

14.7
9.3
14.4
14.0
17.2
18.5
22.2
(M

7.7
5.4
6.9
7.2
9.9
10.2
9.4
(M

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,170
531
578
747
665
404
183
62

1,361
265
262
335
276
146
50
26

1,105
191
201
242
226
168
61
16

704
75
115
169
163
90
71
20

338
33
58
74
90
47
25
10

366
42
57
96
73
42
46
10

12.7
9.6
11.8
11.8
13.1
12.7
23.7
(M

6.4
4.5
5.6
5.8
7.2
7.7
9.4
(M

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,448
2,182
2,266

1,939
915
1,024

1,513
715
798

996
552
444

468
256
212

528
296
232

12.8
13.6
12.0

6.4
6.9
5.9

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,466
670
796

472
184
287

562
286
276

432
199
233

177
65
112

255
134
121

15.6
16.9
14.5

8.6
9.3
7.8

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

915
378
1,711

316
121
712

297
118
630

301
139
369

124
73
144

177
66
225

17.2
17.6
12.8

8.8
10.0
6.7

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,167
589
1,414

541
211
609

399
206
501

227
172
304

113
71
154

114
102
151

11.6
16.8
11.9

5.7
8.1
6.2

Race

Marital status

^ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflects new composite estimation




procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey.

August 1998
Weeks

Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

15 weeks and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Less
than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

858
1,509
1,306
606
1,215
162

328
652
558
266
476
77

318
525
432
162
457
42

212
331
316
179
283
44

108
138
171
79
135
17

103
193
145
99
148
27

13.5
12.4
13.0
14.5
13.7
14.5

7.3
6.4
6.4
6.5
7.7
5.9

120
418
797
453
344
888
4,496
649
3,662
261

53
182
340
194
146
137
675
85
759
31

37
147
245
143
101
91
503
59
789
18

30
89
212
116
97
76
319
71
456
38

13
42
98
64
34
24
144
41
240
14

17
47
114
52
63
53
175
30
216
25

14.6
12.7
13.1
11.8
14.8
15.8
12.0
16.1
12.8
22.1

6.9
6.0
7.0
6.4
7.8
6.3
5.7
7.9
7.6
11.9

506

146

214

146

29

118

18.4

8.8

Total

27 weeks
and over

15 to 26
weeks

Total

Median
duration

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY^
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience

procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

^ Includes wage and salary workers only.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation

A-36. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)

Category
Aug.
1997

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now""
Want a job^
Did not search for work in previous year
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects^
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other^

Aug.
1998

16 to 24
years
Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

25 to 54
years
Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

55 years
and over
Aug.
1997

Women

Men

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

65,904 67,100 10,283 10,211 18,423 19,033 37,199 37,856 23,688 24,352 42,216 42,748
60,874 61,920 8,503 8,447 15,943 16,512 36,428 36,961 21,790 22,360 39,085 39,560
771
895 1,899 1,992 3,132 3,188
5,030 5,180 1,780 1,765 2,479 2,521
687 1,077 1,216 1,946 2,058
561
3,023 3,274 1,009 1,039 1,452 1,547
974
207
777 1,185 1,130
770
725 1,027
210
822
2,007 1,907
37
247
197
655
298
259
375
355
42
459
463
710
472
652
466
619
173
671
166
575
580
1,298 1,251
723
311
987
110
167
85
625

280
971
166
147
95
563

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
2 Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3 Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
discrimination.




Sex

Age

Total

98
375
15
113
10
238

99
368
42
115
20
191

172
480
80
54
38
307

130
489
114
32
54
289

41
132
15
-

51
115
11
-

37
80

21
82

175
400
5
76
27
292

168
412
22
59
52
280

136
586
104
91
58
333

112
559
145
88
43
283

^ Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.
NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation
procedures and revised population controls used in the household sun/ey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Both sexes
Characteristic

Men
Ratei

Number

Women

Number

Number

Rate^

Ratei

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

7,583
423
7,160
712
6,448
5,741
707
592
115

7,462
431
7,031
756
6,275
5,537
738
648
90

5.8
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.8
6.1
4.5
4.8
3.2

5.6
5.4
5.7
5.9
5.6
5.8
4.5
5.1
2.5

4,123
161
3,962
379
3,583
3,181
402
329
73

4,015
173
3,842
378
3,464
3,043
421
359
63

5.8
4.1
5.9
5.5
6.0
6.2
4.5
4.8
3.4

5.6
4.2
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.9
4.6
5.1
3.0

3,460
262
3,198
333
2,865
2,560
305
263
42

3,447
258
3,189
378
2,812
2,494
317
290
27

5.8
7.2
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.9
4.4
4.8
2.9

5.7
6.6
5.6
6.4
5.5
5.7
4.4
5.0
1.8

6,554
754
452

6,386
783
451

5.9
5.2
3.5

5.7
5.3
3.4

3,541
438
277

3,484
380
269

5.8
6.3
3.5

5.7
5.5
3.3

3,013
315
175

2,903
403
181

6.0
4.2
3.4

5.8
5.2
3.4

4,172
1,290
2,122

3,945
1,332
2,184

5.5
6.4
6.0

5.3
6.5
6.0

2,596
460
1,068

2,444
495
1,076

6.1
5.6
5.4

5.7
5.9
5.3

1,576
830
1,054

1,501
837
1,109

4.9
6.9
6.8

4.7
6.9
6.8

4,313
1,437
258
1,528

4,344
1,408
271
1,384

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,803
939
87
588

-

-

1,730
990
97
618

-

-

-

2,541
469
184
796

-

-

2,584
447
161
909

-

-

-

-

AGE
Total, 16 years and over^
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

^ Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to




totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics
are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in
January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised
population controls used in the household survey.

(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Unemployed

Employed

Percent of
labor force

Number
Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1998

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,773
6,226
965
2,644
2,617
1,547

7,804
5,924
700
2,175
3,049
1,880

6,575
5,590
878
2,374
2,338
985

6,537
5,301
632
1,940
2,729
1,236

6,378
5,410
836
2,305
2,268
969

6,366
5,152
607
1,877
2,667
1,215

197
180
41
69
70
16

171
149
25
63
61
22

3.0
3.2
4.7
2.9
3.0
1.7

2.6
2.8
4.0
3.2
2.3
1.8

19,596
9,036
6,251
4,309

20,343
9,217
6,923
4,203

17,788
8,361
5,680
3,748

18,373
8,484
6,281
3,609

17,334
8,133
5,531
3,670

17,935
8,258
6,164
3,512

454
228
148
78

439
226
117
96

2.6
2.7
2.6
2.1

2.4
2.7
1.9
2.7

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men wlio served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who
have never served in the Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1998, data




reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls
used in the household survey.

Service-producing

Gtoods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construc- Manufacturing
tion

Transportation
and
publk:
utilities

Total

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
real
estate

Gove
Servkses
Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
2,009
2,198
2,194

15,545
15,582
14,441

25,348
26,092
26,189

4,166
4,189
4,001

2,478
2,612
2,610

6,477
6,659
6,654

1,728
1,800
1,828

5,025
5,181
5,239

1,892
1,863
1,908

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

1947
1948
1949

43,857
44,866
43,754

38,382
39,216
37,897

18,509
18,774
17,565

955
994
930

1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53.270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,X2
2,420
2,X5
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,230
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3,608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10,785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3.541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9.633

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,209
107,884

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,823
90,105

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380
4,668
4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821
69,690
72,544
74,811
77,284
80,084
82,630

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,512
5,614

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19.023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20,746
21,927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26,907

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4.182

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9.482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10.609

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

109,403
108,249
108,601
110,713
114,163
117,191
119,608
122,690

91,098
89,847
89,956
91,872
95,036
97,885
100,189
103,120

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,265
24,493
24.934

709
689
635
610
601
581
580
592

5,120
4,650
4,492
4,668
4,986
5,160
5,418
5,686

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,524
18,495
18,657

84,497
84,504
85,370
87,361
90,256
92,925
95,115
97,756

5,777
5,755
5,718
5,811
5,984
6,132
6,253
6,395

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,378
6,482
6,648

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,187
21,597
22,011

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,806
6,911
7,091

27,934
28,336
29,052
30,197
31,579
33,117
34,454
36,040

3,085
2,966
2,969
2.915
2,870
2.822
2,757
2,699

4,305
4,355
4,408
4.488
4,576
4,635
4,606
4,594

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11,849
12,056
12,276

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
•7:
August
September....
October
November
December

Aft*
V
O>

January
February
March
April
May
June
JulyP
AugustP

122,894
123.280
123,568
123,944
124,289

103,285
103,673
103,922
104,282
104,609

24,972
24,993
25,032
25,099
25,193

592
594
592
591
592

5,699
5,713
5,722
5,750
5,810

18,681
18,686
18,718
18,758
18,791

97,922
98,287
98,536
98,845
99,096

6,264
6,435
6,453
6,456
6,451

6,671
6,679
6,697
6,711
6,731

22,043
22,078
22,105
22,206
22,245

7,110
7,125
7,151
7,172
7,194

36,225
36,363
36.484
36,638
36,795

2,691
2,6M
2,690
2,689
2,688

4,602
4.604
4.609
4,613
4,611

12.316
12,319
12,347
12,360
12,381

124,640
124,832
124,914
125,234
125,562
125,751
125,819
126,184

104,954
105,112
105,186
105,470
105,734
105,938
105,992
106,300

25,297
25,314
25,276
25,339
25,301
25,304
25,118
25,227

592
590
587
582
579
578
571
569

5,881
5,902
5,860
5,930
5,917
5,946
5,967
5,983

18,824
18,822
18,829
18,827
18,805
18,780
18,580
18,675

99,343
99,518
99,638
99,895
100,261
100,447
100,701
100,957

6,473
6,494
6,504
6,513
6,534
6,538
6,556
6,580

6,759
6,769
6,783
6,798
6,815
6,821
6,825
6,836

22,280
22,283
22,259
22,335
22,423
22,448
22,545
22,561

7,213
7,232
7,258
7,289
7,311
7,333
7,368
7,381

36,932
37,020
37,106
37,196
37,350
37,494
37,580
37,715

2,670
2,676
2,671
2,674
2,671
2,674
2,677
2,672

4.613
4,613
4,619
4,620
4,637
4,632
4.653
4.660

12,403
12.431
12,438
12,470
12,520
12,507
12,497
12,552

1 Not available.
2 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
Increase of 2 1 2 , 0 0 0 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P - preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1997) and all seasoruilly adjusted data (beginning January 1994) are
subject to revision.

Mining

Total private"!
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Construction

Hourly
eamings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
eamings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5
34.4
34.6

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.43
11.82
12.28

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.34
406.61
424.89

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7
45.3
45.4

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30
15.62
16.17

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91
707.59
734.12

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.9
39.0
38.9

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.09
15.47
16.03

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
587.00
603.33
623.57

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
February
March
April
May
June
JulyP
AugustP

35.0
34.8
34.7
34.8
34.8

$12.22
12.40
12.45
12.53
12.53

$427.70
431.52
432.02
436.04
436.04

45.6
45.5
45.3
45.6
45.2

$15.98
16.26
16.23
16.41
16.52

$728.69
739.83
735.22
748.30
746.70

39.7
40.1
39.8
37.8
38.5

$16.12
16.30
16.33
16.28
16.37

$639.96
653.63
649.93
615.38
630.25

34.2
34.6
34.5
34.2
34.6
34.7
34.8
35.2

12.60
12.65
12.68
12.69
12.70
12.66
12.66
12.75

430.92
437.69
437.46
434.00
439.42
439.30
440.57
448.80

45.0
44.0
43.4
43.4
44.4
44.0
44.1
44.2

16.65
16.89
16.89
16.84
16.73
16.73
16,77
16.93

749.25
743.16
733.03
730.86
742.81
736.12
739.56
748.31

37.4
37.9
37.9
38.0
39.2
39.1
40.1
40.1

16.25
16.21
16.29
16.34
16.42
16.44
16.63
16.76

607.75
614.36
617.39
620.92
643.66
642.80
666.86
672.08

See footnotes at end of table.




Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
eamings

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.2
38.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.24
12.57

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
467.57
481.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6
41.6
42.0

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37
12.77
13.17

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74
12.12
12.45

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59
531.23
553.14

38.4
38.1
38.3
39.3
39.7
39.4
39.6
39.7

12.92
13.20
13.43
13.55
13.78
14.13
14.45
14.93

496.13
502.92
514.37
532.52
547.07
556.72
572.22
592.72

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43
12.87
13.44

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07
492.92
516.10

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
February
March
April
May
June
JulyP
AugustP

42.0
42.4
42.2
42.6
43.0

$13.14
13.23
13.28
13.36
13.47

$12.41
12.46
12.53
12.60
12.68

$551.88
560.95
560.42
569.14
579.21

40.5
40.3
39.8
40.4
39.8

$15.04
15.06
15.09
15.19
15.17

$609.12
606.92
600.58
613.68
603.77

38.5
38.4
38.4
38.7
38.4

$13.48
13.53
13.57
13.76
13.72

$518.98
519.55
521.09
532.51
526.85

41.9
41.7
41.7
40.8
41.8
41.8
41.1
41.7

13.40
13.41
13.47
13.46
13.47
13.43
13.38
13.46

12.70
12.72
12.76
12.83
12.78
12.74
12.71
12.76

561.46
559.20
561.70
549.17
563.05
561.37
549.92
561.28

39.3
39.9
39.4
39.1
39.5
39.6
39.7
40.2

15.27
15.29
15.24
15.27
15.21
15.22
15.34
15.32

600.11
610.07
600.46
597.06
600.80
602.71
609.00
615.86

38.1
38.5
38.4
38.1
38.4
38.3
38.4
38.7

13.77
13.85
13.86
13.90
13.96
13.89
13.99
14.12

524.64
533.23
532.22
529.59
536.06
531.99
537.22
546.44

See footnotes at end of table.




Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Services

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967
196B
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8
28.8
28.9

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69
7.99
8.34

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47
230.11
241.03

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9
35.9
36.1

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.32
12.80
13.33

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.29
459.52
481.21

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.6

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39
11.79
12.28

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04
382.00
400.33

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1997:
August
September
October
November
December
1998:
January
February
March
April
May
June
JulyP
AugustP

29.7
29.0
28.8
28.8
29.2

$8.30
8.45
8.47
8.51
8.51

$246.51
245.05
243.94
245.09
248.49

36.1
35.8
35.9
36.7
35.9

$13.38
13.48
13.56
13.72
13.64

$483.02
482.58
486.80
503.52
489.68

32.9
32.5
32.6
32.8
32.6

$12.12
12.36
12.41
12.57
12.61

$398.75
401.70
404.57
412.30
411.09

28.1
28.7
28.7
28.7
29.0
29.3
29.8
29.9

8.63
8.62
8.67
8.70
8.71
8.70
8.71
8.73

242.50
247.39
248.83
249.69
252.59
254.91
259.56
261.03

36.1
37.1
36.8
36.1
36.1
36.0
36.1
36.9

13.70
13.95
13.97
13.98
13.99
13.93
13.93
14.14

494.57
517.55
514.10
504.68
505.04
501.48
502.87
521.77

32.4
32.8
32.7
32.4
32.5
32.7
32.9
33.2

12.66
12.75
12.77
12.77
12.75
12.70
12.67
12.76

410.18
418.20
417.58
413.75
414.38
415.29
416.84
423.63

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services,
p = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment sun/ey estimates are currently projectec
from March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmarldata are introduced, ail unadjusted data from April 1997 forward ar€
subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1998

1997
Industry
Aug.
Total
Total orivate

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Aug.P

122,894 123,280 123,568 123,944 124,289 124,640 124,832 124,914 125,234 125,562 125,751 125,819 126,184
103,285 103,673 103,922 104,282 104,609 104,954 105,112 105,186 105,470 105,734 105,938 105,992 106,300
24,972

24,993

25,032

25,099

25,193

25,297

25,314

25,276

25,339

25,301

25,304

25,118

25,227

592
54
95
336
107

594
53
95
338
108

592
53
95
337
107

591
53
94
337
107

592
52
94
338
108

592
52
94
338
108

590
52
93
338
107

587
51
93
336
107

582
51
92
332
107

579
51
92
329
107

578
51
90
330
107

571
50
89
325
107

569
50
88
323
108

5,699
1,318
791
3,590

5,713
1,320
792
3,601

5,722
1,326
789
3,607

5,750
1,335
788
3,627

5,810
1,351
805
3,654

5,881
1,365
817
3,699

5,902
1,371
813
3,718

5,860
1,373
805
3,682

5,930
1,385
819
3,726

5,917
1,388
819
3,710

5,946
1,401
821
3,724

5,967
1,406
828
3,733

5,983
1,409
829
3,745

18,681

18,686

18,718

18,758

18,791

18,824

18,822

18,829

18,827

18,805

18,780

18,580

18,675

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment...
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
equipment
Electronic components and
accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11,028
794
509
552
712
1,478
2,172
379

11,030
794
510
553
714
1,480
2,175
379

11,060
794
511
554
714
1,485
2,185
380

11,094
795
513
554
715
1,488
2,191
379

11,118
798
515
555
716
1,491
2,196
381

11,154
800
517
562
719
1,496
2,200
381

11,159
800
519
561
718
1,497
2,202
381

11,166
801
520
558
719
1,497
2,205
381

11,170
802
524
561
718
1,498
2,201
377

11,156
803
526
559
716
1,495
2,201
376

11,144
801
524
562
717
1,490
2,202
375

10,978
802
527
562
705
1,478
2,191
374

11,095
803
524
564
716
1,485
2,190
372

1,694

1,698

1,702

1,707

1,712

1,719

1,720

1,722

1,720

1,716

1,714

1,699

1,694

660
1,862
998
508
865
390

664
1,852
986
510
865
389

669
1,861
990
513
866
388

672
1,878
1,005
516
867
386

676
1,878
1,001
519
869
388

680
1,882
1,002
521
870
389

680
1,886
1,004
523
866
390

681
1,887
1,002
525
868
389

678
1,890
1,004
525
867
389

677
1,886
998
524
866
388

672
1,882
993
524
864
388

667
1,765
872
526
861
388

661
1,876
989
526
858
385

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products....
Leather and leather products

7,653
1,682
41
613
822
684
1,556
1,032
139
995
89

7,656
1,688
40
613
817
685
1,556
1,033
139
997
88

7,658
1,689
41
612
814
685
1,558
1,034
139
998
88

7,664
1,696
42
611
810
686
1,560
1,035
138
999
87

7,673
1,702
41
611
808
686
1,561
1,036
139
1,002
87

7,670
1,702
40
608
805
688
1,564
1,035
136
1,006
86

7,663
1,703
41
606
796
688
1,564
1,036
136
1,007
86

7,663
1,704
41
604
796
688
1,564
1,036
136
1,009
85

7,657
1,708
42
605
787
686
1,565
1,035
137
1,008
84

7,649
1,710
41
603
780
685
1,566
1,039
136
1,006
83

7,636
1,706
40
599
776
682
1,570
1,037
137
1,006
83

7,602
1,696
40
592
772
680
1,571
1,038
135
997
81

7,580
1,692
39
589
754
680
1,569
1,037
135
1,005
80

97,922

98,287

98,536

98,845

99,096

99,343

99,518

99,638

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....

6,264
3,973
225

6,435
4,141
227

6,453
4,149
227

6,456
4,147
228

6,451
4,135
230

6,473
4,148
231

6,494
4,164
231

6,504
4,170
231

6,513
4,173
231

6,534
4,191
232

6,538
4,196
232

6,556
4,214
232

6,580
4,237
233

455
1,675
181
981
14
442
2,291
1,430
861

451
1,680
180
1,147
14
442
2,294
1,432
862

452
1,680
180
1,154
14
442
2,304
1,443
861

453
1,678
180
1,151
14
443
2,309
1,449
860

455
1,676
179
1,138
14
443
2,316
1,457
859

456
1,684
177
1,142
14
444
2,325
1,466
859

459
1,688
181
1,145
14
446
2,330
1,471
859

460
1,690
183
1,146
14
446
2,334
1,475
859

453
1,702
181
1,147
14
445
2,340
1,484
856

459
1,703
185
1,151
14
447
2,343
1,486
857

458
1,709
183
1,154
14
446
2,342
1,488
854

467
1,712
188
1,155
14
446
2,342
1,488
854

466
1,724
191
1,160
14
449
2,343
1,490
853

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,671
3,959
2,712

6,679
3,964
2,715

6,697
3,977
2,720

6,711
3,989
2,722

6,731
4,002
2,729

6,759
4,017
2,742

6,769
4,030
2,739

6,783
4,039
2,744

6,798
4,050
2,748

6,815
4,059
2,756

6,821
4,067
2,754

6,825
4,071
2,754

6,836
4,082
2,754

Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing

Service-producing




99,895 100,261 100,447 100,701 100,957

(In thousands)
1997

1998

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

22,043
940
2,723
2,393
3,503

22,078
939
2,726
2,397
3,506

22,105
938
2,738
2,409
3,512

22,206
944
2,761
2,433
3,516

22,245
946
2,771
2,434
3,517

22,280
954
2,771
2,439
3,528

22,283
959
2,756
2,427
3,533

2,317
1,052
1,098
1,013
7,633
2,816

2,321
1,053
1,100
1,019
7,641
2,826

2,325
1,055
1,103
1,023
7,630
2,836

2,328
1,056
1,105
1,029
7,666
2,857

2,329
1,056
1,103
1,035
7,682
2,862

2,331
1,056
1,108
1,039
7,685
2,864

Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

7,110
3,423
2,028
1,460
261
571
253
602
222
2,265
1,538

7,125
3,434
2,027
1,459
261
576
256
606
225
2,267
1,540

7,151
3,451
2,032
1,462
261
581
260
611
227
2,275
1,546

7,172
3,463
2,035
1,464
261
582
261
616
230
2,281
1,550

7,194
3,478
2,040
1,466
263
586
262
620
232
2,291
1,558

727
1,422

727
1,424

729
1,425

731
1,428

Services^
Agricultrual services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business sen/ices
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services ....
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities ....
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal sen^ices
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations

36,225
685
1,740
1,180
8,055
937
2,991
2,657

36,363
690
1,745
1,180
8,112
947
3,013
2,686

36,484
692
1,754
1,181
8,147
948
3,030
2,694

1,433
1,127
378
554
1,580
9,749
1,747
1,757
3,878
716
949
2,128
2,532
578
720

1,448
1,131
378
556
1,593
9,766
1,754
1,757
3,885
716
953
2,136
2,541
572
726

90
2,252
3,032
873
959

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,609
2,691
1,833
4,602
1,917
2,685
12,316
6,933
5,383

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Aug.P

966
2,759
2,428
3,536

22,335
971
2,784
2,447
3,533

22,423
972
2,788
2,462
3,542

22,448
975
2,784
2,457
3,538

22,545
976
2,791
2,455
3,550

22,561
978
2,796
2,469
3,557

2,331
1,056
1,100
1,043
7,694
2,867

2,333
1,056
1,098
1,048
7,645
2,874

2,337
1,058
1,105
1,045
7,681
2.879

2,345
1,060
1,106
1,055
7,714
2,901

2,351
1,064
1,108
1,058
7,726
2,908

2,353
1,066
1,113
1,064
7,780
2,918

2,355
1,065
1,113
1,072
7,775
2,915

7,213
3,485
2,037
1,463
262
589
264
625
234
2,293
1,558

7,232
3,496
2,039
1,464
262
593
270
629
235
2,297
1,560

7,258
3,512
2,041
1,465
262
602
276
633
236
2,302
1,566

7,289
3,521
2,041
1,463
263
605
278
636
239
2,312
1,574

7,311
3,536
2,044
1,463
264
611
281
641
240
2,320
1,579

7,333
3,547
2,042
1,459
264
616
284
648
241
2,328
1,586

7,368
3,566
2,044
1,460
265
623
290
655
244
2,336
1,593

7,381
3,578
2,046
1,461
264
628
295
658
246
2,338
1,595

733
1,425

735
1,435

737
1,439

736
1,444

738
1,456

741
1,455

742
1,458

743
1,466

743
1,465

36,638
694
1,754
1,185
8,226
947
3,074
2,741

36,795
694
1,754
1,178
8,294
955
3,111
2,783

36,932
696
1,762
1,176
8,351
960
3,139
2,804

37,020
696
1,756
1,177
8,384
961
3,152
2,820

37,106
695
1,755
1,178
8,412
966
3,149
2,819

37,196
706
1,767
1,186
8,422
965
3,140
2,806

37,350
700
1,769
1,190
8,491
975
3,156
2,818

37,494
706
1,773
1,186
8,556
975
3,189
2,853

37,580
713
1,781
1,184
8,560
980
3,152
2,816

37,715
719
1,785
1,185
8,624
976
3,188
2,858

1,462
1,134
378
556
1,597
9,789
1,764
1,759
3,894
715
956
2,146
2,546
572
728

1,475
1,138
379
557
1,610
9,807
1,772
1,760
3,901
714
959
2,155
2,552
571
730

1,493
1,143
380
564
1,625
9,827
1,779
1,761
3,908
713
963
2,160
2,561
572
736

1,507
1,147
381
563
1,633
9,837
1,784
1,759
3,916
706
964
2,169
2,570
575
736

1,522
1,144
382
569
1,641
9,852
1,788
1,761
3,920
702
967
2,179
2,577
574
741

1,538
1,145
382
565
1,647
9,867
1,796
1,761
3,925
698
970
2,189
2,587
575
744

1,561
1,146
383
563
1,660
9,873
1,801
1,760
3,938
687
972
2,192
2,595
577
746

1,578
1,153
385
567
1,662
9,887
1,806
1,762
3,945
684
977
2,195
2,609
575
749

1,601
1,159
387
554
1,670
9,905
1,813
1,761
3,953
683
980
2,200
2,627
581
747

1,619
1,162
385
553
1,691
9,904
1,818
1,756
3,963
672
983
2,189
2,655
582
749

1,630
1,166
386
558
1,689
9,928
1,826
1,758
3,968
671
985
2,199
2,670
583
752

90
2,250
3,048
876
962

91
2,252
3,070
881
970

91
2,247
3,089
885
975

91
2,255
3,111
892
988

91
2,260
3,137
897
1,004

92
2,261
3,148
899
1,007

92
2,263
3,164
904
1,012

92
2,265
3,178
910
1,011

91
2,266
3,212
913
1,029

91
2,270
3,234
921
1,037

91
2,275
3,258
927
1,050

92
2,271
3,262
928
1,052

19,607
2,684
1,827
4,604
1,921
2,683
12,319
6,941
5,378

19,646
2,690
1,829
4,609
1,922
2,687
12,347
6,947
5,400

19,662
2,689
1,826
4,613
1,923
2,690
12,360
6,959
5,401

19,680
2,688
1,819
4,611
1,924
2,687
12,381
6,965
5,416

19,686
2,670
1,822
4,613
1,924
2,689
12,403
6,980
5,423

19,720
2,676
1,819
4,613
1,924
2,689
12,431
6,999
5,432

19,728
2,671
1,815
4,619
1,928
2,691
12,438
7,003
5,435

19,764
2,674
1,814
4,620
1,925
2,695
12,470
7,023
5,447

19,828
2,671
1,810
4,637
1,932
2,705
12,520
7,053
5,467

19,813
2,674
1,813
4,632
1,933
2,699
12,507
7,045
5,462

19,827
2,677
1,811
4,653
1,943
2,710
12,497
7,067
5,430

19,884
2,672
1,804
4,660
1,944
2,716
12,552
7,105
5,447

^ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997




Mar.
PP,?59

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1998

1997
industry
June
Total
Total private

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

59,335 59,506 59,564 59,663 59,810 59,974 60,114 60,220 60,308 60,380 60,460 60,689 60,791
48,485 48,621 48,614 48,763 48,884 49,026 49,142 49,239 49.306 49.369 49,446 49,626 49,725
6,703

6,705

6,711

6,717

6,732

6,741

6,759

6,766

6,767

6,770

6,759

6,762

6,763

82

82

83

82

82

82

83

83

83

83

82

82

82

632

634

636

639

643

645

648

650

654

655

656

662

669

5,989

5,989

5,992

5,996

6,007

6,014

6,028

6,033

6,030

6.032

6,021

6,018

6,012

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,909
137
160
104
103
327
473
695
387
(1)
172

2,915
138
160
104
103
326
475
697
387
(1)
173

2,926
138
160
105
103
328
477
698
393
(1)
172

2,932
138
160
105
103
329
478
702
394
(1)
171

2,945
138
161
105
103
330
481
706
397
(1)
171

2,952
139
161
106
104
330
482
708
399
(1)
169

2,962
139
162
105
104
331
484
712
401
(1)
170

2,973
140
163
107
104
333
485
714
400
(1)
171

2,979
141
164
107
104
334
486
716
401
(1)
171

2.982
141
165
107
104
334
485
716
402
(1)
171

2,980
141
166
106
105
334
485
712
404
(1)
171

2,976
141
166
107
103
334
482
710
406
(1)
171

2,976
142
167
107
105
334
482
708
406
(1)
170

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied oroducts
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,080
557
13
287
612
166
703
330
25
339
48

3,074
555
13
288
609
166
704
329
25
337
48

3,066
554
12
284
608
166
703
329
24
339
47

3,064
554
13
285
602
167
703
330
24
340
46

3,062
555
13
284
598
167
704
330
24
341
46

3,062
557
13
283
594
168
705
330
24
342
46

3,066
558
13
283
594
168
705
331
25
343
46

3,060
559
13
281
589
168
706
330
24
345
45

3,051
559
13
280
582
168
705
331
24
344
45

3.050
559
13
278
583
168
706
330
24
344
45

3,041
560
14
279
575
167
705
330
24
343
44

3,042
562
13
279
571
167
707
332
24
343
44

3,036
560
13
277
567
167
710
331
24
343
44

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

52,632 52,801 52,853 52,946 53,078 53,233 53,355 53,454 53,541 53.610 53,701 53,927 54,028

Transportation and public utilities

1,945

1,943

1,900

1,943

1,944

1,944

1,939

1,946

1,948

1,949

1,951

1,960

1,963

Wholesale trade

2,054

2,059

2,060

2,058

2,066

2,066

2,067

2,078

2,077

2,078

2,082

2,089

2,090

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,576 11,580 11,602 11,614 11,632 11,677 11,700 11,713 11,712 11.707 11,720 11,786 11,819
4,459

4,469

4,478

4,486

4,498

4,511

4,526

4,539

4,546

4.563

4,582

4,593

4,604

Services

21,748 21,865 21,863 21,945 22,012 22,087 22,151 22,197 22,256 22,302 22,352 22,436 22,486

Government
Federal
State
Local

10,850 10,885 10,950 10,900 10,926 10,948 10,972 10,981 11,002 11,011 11,014 11,063 11,066
1,145 1,143 1,143 1,135 1,142 1,144 1,154 1,141 1,140 1,137 1,136 1,136 1,142
2,339 2,357 2,354 2,351 2,360 2,365 2,363 2,365 2,367 2,371 2,369 2,375 2,377
7,366 7,385 7,453 7,414 7,424 7,439 7,455 7,475 7,495 7,503 7,509 7,552 7,547

1 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

(In thousands)
1998

1997
Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Aug.P

Total private

84,567 84,966 85,176 85,441 85,705 85,947 86,073 86,113 86,282 86,526 86,698 86,747 86,898

Goods-producing

17,773 17,787 17,818 17,870 17,947 18,039 18,037 17,996 18,043 17,989 17,984 17,806 17,882

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

447

448

448

449

449

450

450

445

440

440

438

434

430

4,418

4,424

4,425

4,451

4,497

4,566

4,563

4,538

4,596

4,578

4,603

4,619

4,622

12,908 12,915 12,945 12,970 13,001 13,023 13,024 13,013 13,007 12,971 12,943 12,753 12,830

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,573
653
405
431
558
1,116
1,369
1,072
1,270
792
(2)
274

7,573
653
405
431
559
1,117
1,370
1,075
1,264
784
(2)
272

7,598
654
406
433
559
1,120
1,379
1,078
1,270
786
(2)
272

7,621
655
408
434
560
1,122
1,382
1,080
1,283
791
(2)
270

7,644
658
410
436
562
1,125
1,386
1,086
1,280
790
(2)
272

7,669
660
412
441
564
1,130
1,389
1,089
1,279
787
(2)
273

7,676
660
413
441
564
1,132
1,391
1,087
1,283
788
(2)
273

7,669
659
415
436
565
1,131
1,391
1,085
1,281
784
(2)
273

7,666
660
418
436
563
1,132
1,389
1,081
1,279
784
(2)
274

7,642
660
419
436
561
1,127
1,389
1,079
1,267
774
(2)
271

7,626
658
417
438
561
1,122
1,392
1,075
1,262
768
(2)
270

7,476
660
420
439
550
1,113
1,383
1,061
1,148
651
(2)
271

7,580
661
417
440
561
1,116
1,383
1,058
1,245
752
(2)
269

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,335
1,248
30
518
670
520
849
570
92
771
67

5,342
1,254
31
519
665
521
847
573
92
773
67

5,347
1,255
32
520
663
522
849
575
91
773
67

5,349
1,260
33
518
659
523
849
576
91
774
66

5,357
1,263
32
519
656
524
850
578
92
777
66

5,354
1,265
32
516
652
525
850
580
89
780
65

5,348
1,267
32
514
645
525
848
582
89
781
65

5,344
1,267
32
513
643
525
845
583
89
783
64

5,341
1,271
33
513
633
524
846
583
90
784
64

5,329
1,273
32
511
627
522
847
584
89
781
63

5,317
1,270
31
509
624
520
848
584
89
780
62

5,277
1,255
30
502
622
516
845
585
89
771
62

5,250
1,248
30
497
604
518
844
580
89
779
61

Service-producing

66,794 67,179 67,358 67,571 67,758 67,908 68,036 68,117 68,239 68,537 68,714 68,941 69,016

Transportation and public utilities

5,199

5,373

5,375

5,370

5,367

5,374

5,372

5,375

5,373

5,402

5,401

5,425

5,464

Wholesale trade

5,369

5,371

5,382

5,392

5,407

5,426

5,431

5,436

5,448

5,457

5,464

5,471

5,465

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

19,398 19,422 19,463 19,539 19,570 19,585 19,605 19,582 19,596 19,710 19,719 19,815 19,799
5,191

5,202

5,223

5,245

5,287

5,307

5,329

5,353

5,367

5,391

5,412

5,417

31,637 31,811 31,915 32,025 32,150 32,236 32,321 32,395 32,469 32,601 32,739 32,818 32,871

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
^ This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,




5,264

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Jun.

Jul.

Aug.

1 Sept. 1 Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries^
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

59.3
62.5
50.8
58.0
63.8

60.5
60.0
64.6
61.4
58.7

67.0
54.9
59.6
59.8
59.6

64.5
55.6
56.6
63.6
56.9

58.6
47.8
62.8
60.1
56.6

63.3
55.6
61.0
54.6
59.0

63.8
54.8
57.3
61.1
P53.5

61.7
59.0
61.5
59.1
P54.8

61.5
58.0
56.0
60.0

60.4
55.8
62.5
64.3

64.0
54.5
62.2
62.4

61.7
58.8
60.7
64.9

Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

64.5
63.6
61.9
64.9
68.4

69.2
61.4
62.8
63.3
67.3

69.9
59.4
64.0
65.6
64.2

68.4
53.1
63.8
66.2
61.7

66.6
55.2
63.5
63.9
60.4

67.1
53.2
64.9
61.2
P57.7

69.0
59.7
64.2
60.1
P58.0

69.5
60.1
61.5
65.9

66.2
59.1
63.9
67.4

65.6
58.0
64.2
68.1

66.6
56.6
67.0
70.8

66.3
54.6
66.6
71.9

Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

70.9
66.4
62.8
67.6
72.1

69.9
60.1
65.4
67.0
70.9

69.7
59.1
64.7
65.3
69.4

71.2
57.3
65.7
64.9
P63.6

70.2
59.0
66.2
65.6
P63.5

69.8
60.1
65.0
67.3

69.8
57.6
66.4
68.0

70.2
60.4
66.0
67.3

68.7
59.7
66.2
70.6

67.4
59.3
67.6
72.3

66.7
61.1
66.9
73.3

65.4
63.2
66.3
72.6

Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

70.2
63.6
64.5
69.8
P70.9

71.6
62.4
66.7
67.6
P70.5

71.8
62.6
64.5
69.2

71.8
63.3
65.6
70.1

72.1
61.7
68.5
69.8

71.8
61.9
67.3
69.8

71.5
58.7
67.7
71.2

72.1
62.2
66.4
71.2

70.1
62.2
68.0
71.1

69.5
61.5
69.9
73.0

66.6
63.5
69.1
72.9

65.0
65.4
68.3
72.3

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries^
Over 1-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

56.8
54.7
42.8
49.3
55.8

56.5
54.3
54.7
54.3
51.8

60.1
46.4
48.2
50.0
52.5

59.0
53.2
42.1
56.8
48.6

53.6
42.4
55.4
51.4
45.0

58.3
44.2
50.7
52.2
47.8

59.0
46.4
47.1
50.4
P39.6

55.8
49.6
55.4
48.9
P47.1

53.6
48.6
47.8
56.5

56.5
52.2
52.9
57.2

58.3
45.3
54.3
56.1

56.8
48.2
55.4
60.8

Over 3-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

60.4
56.8
43.9
54.3
60.1

63.7
50.0
46.8
49.3
59.0

63.7
47.8
46.0
54.3
50.7

60.4
42.1
47.5
54.0
46.4

57.6
43.2
46.4
55.4
43.2

59.7
38.8
49.3
50.4
P38.8

61.9
40.6
51.4
47.5
P37.8

56.8
43.5
50.0
52.2

54.3
48.2
53.6
57.9

55.4
47.1
51.1
62.6

60.8
45.3
57.6
64.7

59.0
39.9
54.7
65.5

Over 6-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

60.4
55.4
42.1
54.3
61.5

62.9
46.4
45.3
54.3
56.8

61.2
42.8
46.4
51.4
52.2

62.6
40.3
47.1
52.9
P40.6

59.4
41.4
48.2
51.4
P41.4

57.2
42.4
48.6
55.0

57.6
41.0
51.1
56.8

58.6
41.0
50.4
57.6

58.6
43.9
52.9
60.4

54.7
43.2
52.9
64.4

57.2
43.2
53.2
67.6

55.0
45.3
52.2
65.8

Over 12-month span:
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998

57.9
46.0
43.5
57.2
P51.1

58.6
44.2
47.5
52.5
P54.0

60.8
46.0
45.3
54.7

60.8
47.8
45.3
56.5

60.8
41.0
50.4
57.9

63.3
41.7
49.6
57.6

59.4
38.5
50.4
58.6

60.1
38.8
48.6
58.6

57.2
36.3
51.1
60.4

56.5
38.5
55.0
60.4

50.4
39.9
54.0
59.4

49.6
44.6
51.8
58.3

^ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans
and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within
the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
ncreasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment,




where 50 percent Indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Establishment survey
estimates are currently projected from March 1997 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1997) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning
January 1994) are subject to revision.

(in thousands)
1998

1997

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

1

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

TotaP
1,869.5 1,870.7 1,871.0 1,871.9 1,876.0 1,877.2 1,879.4 1,878.2 1,882.3 1,884.4 1,882.7
274.1
268.8
270.2
273.1
273.8
274.1
276.2
268.1
268.3
273.7
269.0
1,994.0 2,000.5 2,011.8 2,021.9 2,031.5 2,037.9 2,045.6 2,048.3 2,060.0 2,073.8 2,060.4
1,106.1 1,107.2 1,110.6 1,111.6 1,110.5 1,113.1 1,118.9 1,124.0 1,125.8 1,125.5 1,125.8
13,277.7 13,318.5 13,367.0 13,398.3 13,401.2 13,439.9 13,485.6 13,512.4 13,556.0 13,5826 13,582.1

1,869.9
270.2
1,972.4
1,103.4
13,203.2

1,869.5
269.5
1,983.3
1,106.8
13,224.5

Coterado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Ftorida

1,989.2
1,611.9
388.1
619.1
6,439.7

1,985.8
1,616.1
390.1
614.7
6,458.7

1,996.8
1,621.7
391.4
614.8
6,487.4

2,001.8
1,627.2
392.5
612.9
6,508.8

2,003.3
1,634.6
393.6
610.8
6,534.1

2,009.5
1,642.6
395.5
610.4
6,551.6

2,017.8
1,639.6
394.6
613.1
6,566.0

2,019.9
1,641.2
396.6
609.4
6,577.9

2,023.9
1,639.6
398.0
610.9
6,604.1

2,022.0
1,641.9
398.3
609.7
6,610.3

2,038.1
1,641.8
400.3
610.3
6,645.5

2,045.3
1,644.9
399.7
610.6
6,667.0

2,051.4
1,643.7
399.1
604.8
6,697.7

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,613.6
531.3
512.6
5,784.6
2,861.8

3,626.1
533.0
511.5
5,783.4
2,862.4

3,649.9
534.6
510.2
5,795.4
2,866.2

3,664.2
533.4
512.9
5,816.0
2,868.9

3,674.8
532.8
513.5
5,823.5
2,873.9

3,690.0
530.5
514.0
5,833.8
2,884.0

3,690.7
528.6
515.1
5,837.8
2,874.6

3,707.4
528.4
516.1
5,833.2
2,878.8

3,714.9
529.0
516.7
5,834.5
2,880.0

3,718.2
527.8
516.6
5,852.9
2,891.4

3,729.2
527.7
516.1
5,863.7
2,898.7

3,727.7
525.6
516.9
5,877.4
2,885.8

3,726.3
522.6
517.5
5,880.7
2,862.5

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,407.8
1,270.8
1,717.1
1,854.0
554.6

1,404.7
1,274.3
1,718.6
1,855.1
555.2

1,406.4
1,275.6
1,722.5
1,858.5
557.1

1,419.1
1,281.9
1,720.3
1,863.9
558.5

1,416.9
1,282.8
1,726.2
1,867.7
560.8

1,419.2
1,287.4
1,732.0
1,869.8
561.4

1,423.0
1,291.5
1,738.5
1,870.5
558.1

1,426.1
1,294.4
1,735.4
1,875.8
560.8

1,429.2
1,294.4
1,738.0
1,879.5
561.0

1,436.7
1,297.7
1,745.1
1,879.4
561.0

1,439.0
1,305.7
1,749.3
1,884.5
560.9

1,439.9
1,304.2
1,751.9
1,890.0
562.3

1,450.2
1,305.9
1,748.4
1,887.6
564.1

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,258.9
3,121.3
4,447.0
2,491.9
1,109.4

2,255.5
3,125.8
4,451.3
2,496.0
1,111.0

2,258.2
3,134.4
4,462.8
2,498.1
1,110.5

2,263.3
3,144.8
4,473.4
2,504.5
1,112.7

2,272.1
3,157.6
4,471.1
2,512.6
1,113.1

2,273.8
3,168.4
4,489.6
2,518.5
1,112.6

2,282.0
3,173.0
4,495.7
2,514.1
1,117.6

2,282.4
3,185.5
4,506.7
2,522.3
1,120.9

2,277.2
3,190.6
4,503.3
2,530.1
1,117.2

2,272.8
3,196.7
4,525.7
2,528.3
1,120.7

2,272.0
3,207.5
4,541.4
2,541.8
1,122.9

2,275.3
3,205.1
4,541.2
2,551.7
1,121.4

2,277.2
3,210.7
4,480.5
2,557.5
1,128.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

2,637.9
367.5
861.0
891.9
573.8

2,643.2
367.9
859.3
893.8
572.4

2,645.0
368.2
861.8
898.7
570.5

2,649.5
368.6
864.0
901.9
573.4

2,652.0
369.0
866.4
904.2
572.5

2,658.9
370.3
868.6
907.2
570.0

2,664.4
368.7
874.0
907.0
572.7

2,662.9
370.6
878.5
912.8
572.6

2,651.6
370.2
873.0
916.0
570.7

2,663.3
370.6
878.2
920.9
573.8

2,675.3
373.0
876.5
921.8
574.2

2,677.7
368.4
876.2
927.8
573.9

2,673.4
370.6
880.2
933.0
576.0

New Jersey
New Mexkjo
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,728.0
709.1
8,030.1
3,681.5
313.6

3,724.1
709.5
8,032.9
3,694.9
313.6

3,746.9
709.1
8,057.7
3,697.4
314.1

3,748.4
712.2
8,075.7
3,704.2
314.4

3,758.2
713.3
8,083.4
3,716.8
315.1

3,766.5
713.9
8,095.6
3,715.4
316.2

3,771.3
712.7
8,082.4
3,719.6
317.4

3,784.2
713.1
8,098.6
3,734.1
319.0

3,788.0
714.4
8,117.5
3,735.5
318.1

3,785.2
713.0
8,124.9
3,739.3
318.0

3,796.8
715.2
8,140.0
3,746.2
318.6

3,801.8
719.2
8,146.4
3,739.5
320.0

3,794.6
719.7
8,138.8
3,725.9
319.5

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,384.3
1,384.9
1,528.6
5,396.8
449.8

5,394.1
1,388.7
1,527.0
5,395.4
449.7

5,405.7
1,397.7
1,532.2
5,421.7
452.3

5,409.0
1,397.3
1,537.8
5,425.9
451.9

5,417.1
1,403.4
1,536.9
5,434.4
451.1

5,421.7
1,405.1
1,551.0
5,446.5
453.4

5,439.2
1,405.7
1,551.8
5,453.9
452.7

5,436.3
1,410.7
1,557.3
5,448.0
454.1

5,445.3
1,415.9
1,561.9
5,447.2
453.7

5,448.6
1,418.4
1,563.9
5,455.7
455.3

5,460.4
1,427.8
1,564.6
5,457.8
456.8

5,459.1
1,423.5
1,563.6
5,444.0
455.0

5,429.5
1,421.4
1,565.5
5,452.2
454.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,724.1
356.5
2,589.3
8,626.0
997.1

1,725.9
355.6
2,587.3
8,655.9
997.4

1,727.8
355.8
2,590.4
8,682.6
1,002.1

1,730.6
356.3
2,595.9
8,703.4
1,003.7

1,735.0
355.7
2,603.0
8,732.1
1,010.6

1,749.1
356.1
2,605.3
8,760.7
1,014.3

1,763.5
354.9
2,618.6
8,755.4
1,015.6

1,767.8
357.0
2,620.7
8,801.2
1,018.2

1,775.6
357.3
2,623.6
8,824.5
1,024.3

1,784.8
358.0
2,623.5
8,855.0
1,024.4

1,788.2
360.3
2,621.3
8,873.9
1,026.3

1,804.1
358.5
2,623.5
8,877.8
1,024.1

1,794.9
360.2
2,623.8
8,893.0
1,021.4

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

279.7
3,225.6
2,526.0
706.1
2,657.7
226.5

279.2
3,232.5
2,522.8
706.9
2,662.5
226.7

279.4
3,240.2
2,525.5
708.7
2,668.0
223.2

279.5
3,259.8
2,529.9
716.9
2,674.5
223.4

279.7
3,267.2
2,534.5
717.7
2,679.4
223.2

281.4
3,278.7
2,543.6
717.1
2,684.9
223.0

279.3
3,280.0
2,546.0
715.3
2,691.4
222.8

280.0
3,291.1
2,558.5
715.6
2,694.1
222.4

280.1
3,303.6
2,566.4
715.2
2,696.5
223.9

281.5
3,306.9
2,576.5
715.1
2,702.6
224.3

282.6
3,314.1
2,587.9
724.2
2,709.6
225.8

283.8
3,322.2
2,593.4
714.2
2,713.1
224.4

282.7
3,333.2
2,605.1
712.1
2,708.6
227.7

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

See footnotes at end of table.




1998

1997

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

97.3
12.9
131.9
48.0
557.2

96.9
12.8
131.2
47.9
562.1

97.0
12.5
131.4
47.4
566.1

96.6
12.4
131.8
48.0
570.2

96.5
127
131.4
48.0
573.1

96.2
128
131.6
48.1
577.9

97.1
12.8
134.5
47.5
583.4

97.9
128
133.5
47.5
582.3

97.0
128
134.5
47.7
591.9

98.7
13.0
133.3
48.8
591.6

100.2
13.0
135.2
49.4
593.1

100.8
13.2
136.7
49.3
604.6

100.9
13.2
137.0
49.5
6122

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

119.6
56.3
21.1
9.0
335.4

120.0
56.3
21.3
8.9
335.7

121.2
57.2
21.6
8.8
335.4

121.6
57.7
21.9
8.8
337.6

118.0
58.1
22.2
8.4
339.3

122.1
58.9
22.5
8.8
339.9

127.3
60.1
23.1
8.7
340.5

128.0
60.1
22.8
8.8
340.6

127.9
59.8
22.2
8.9
342.6

126.5
59.6
221
8.7
344.5

127.1
59.0
21.7
8.6
347.0

126.8
58.4
22.1
8.8
348.1

127.3
58.4
225
8.8
349.3

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

169.0
22.2
32.2
234.8
139.8

170.9
22.0
32.4
237.2
139.7

171.9
22.0
32.7
238.2
139.8

172.2
22.0
32.6
238.2
140.6

173.3
21.9
32.5
239.3
1423

175.2
21.8
32.3
239.1
1429

177.2
21.9
32.7
239.8
143.3

177.2
21.9
33.2
240.8
143.8

178.2
221
32.6
235.9
140.6

178.5
21.8
32.9
241.4
144.5

179.7
21.9
31.9
238.8
143.2

180.0
21.6
32.4
239.5
138.6

179.5
20.9
327
237.6
140.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

61.0
58.9
81.6
118.0
23.9

60.6
59.2
83.3
118.7
24.0

60.3
59.1
82.1
117.8
24.0

60.2
59.3
82.1
117.8
24.2

60.5
59.4
81.6
117.4
24.4

61.0
59.3
82.3
117.1
24.4

60.1
60.7
85.2
117.9
24.4

60.3
60.8
83.3
118.0
24.4

60.6
58.5
85.4
118.4
24.2

62.3
60.2
86.3
118.6
24.1

62.6
61.7
86.4
119.8
24.2

62.5
62.0
86.1
122.2
24.4

63.4
623
85.6
123.5
24.6

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

137.6
100.2
181.2
93.4
51.5

137.6
100.7
182.7
93.9
51.6

137.2
99.0
182.5
94.2
51.7

138.5
99.7
183.7
94.5
524

139.7
1025
184.1
95.7
51.6

140.3
104.4
186.1
96.3
51.5

140.6
107.9
184.8
97.6
527

140.1
108.8
187.3
99.4
526

137.4
108.3
184.6
99.2
51.9

136.6
108.2
190.3
99.7
52.4

134.4
107.8
188.0
100.4
52.2

134.6
107.4
189.0
99.7
53.5

136.3
109.1
189.4
99.1
55.3

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

121.6
18.4
38.9
82.0
21.1

123.5
19.0
38.8
82.5
21.3

124.6
18.5
38.9
82.8
21.5

124.6
18.5
39.2
83.4
21.2

125.2
18.6
39.2
83.7
21.0

124.9
18.9
40.9
84.0
21.4

123.1
18.9
428
85.1
21.8

124.8
18.7
42.4
85.2
22.0

118.5
18.2
40.8
86.1
22.2

123.6
18.0
40.9
87.0
22.4

124.0
18.2
40.7
87.6
22.4

122.8
17.8
39.9
89.6
21.9

128.0
18.2
39.8
90.2
22.0

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

131.3
42.5
262.1
204.4
15.5

131.5
42.8
264.1
205.5
14.9

131.5
42.6
265.3
206.7
14.7

131.2
42.3
267.9
207.2
14.7

131.8
42.2
267.8
207.9
14.8

131.9
42.2
268.1
208.7
14.9

135.6
421
265.6
211.7
15.1

137.1
421
268.5
208.7
15.2

136.4
42.2
270.6
209.5
15.1

136.2
42.6
271.8
210.3
15.3

135.4
429
273.5
210.6
15.5

135.8
43.2
275.8
210.6
16.2

136.6
43.3
280.5
209.9
16.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

222.6
50.5
81.9
212.3
14.4

224.6
50.5
82.5
213.0
14.6

224.9
50.8
83.0
213.9
14.9

225.0
50.6
82.7
214.7
14.9

225.4
50.9
83.1
216.4
14.9

225.3
50.8
84.6
217.1
15.1

226.7
51.8
82.3
218.4
15.4

228.4
521
84.3
219.4
15.5

228.1
52.3
84.9
220.6
16.1

232.9
525
85.7
2222
16.9

233.5
53.0
83.0
223.2
16.6

233.4
53.0
82.0
222.9
16.4

231.8
529
81.8
220.4
16.3

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

99.7
15.5
116.0
459.6
65.5

100.4
15.6
116.6
462.5
65.4

100.7
15.5
116.9
463.2
65.1

101.1
15.6
117.4
4624
64.7

101.6
15.7
117.8
464.5
65.8

103.3
15.9
118.1
467.0
66.5

104.9
15.9
117.0
468.1
65.7

106.0
16.0
117.7
476.7
66.5

106.7
15.6
119.2
477.8
67.3

107.9
15.9
120.3
480.3
67.7

108.8
15.9
120.7
484.7
68.6

109.7
15.8
119.4
484.6
67.9

109.4
15.7
121.0
487.6
68.2

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

13.2
185.1
136.9
34.3
109.5
15.5

13.3
185.7
137.0
34.5
109.3
15.6

13.1
185.1
136.3
34.6
108.8
15.4

129
187.3
136.1
35.4
108.9
14.9

12.8
188.3
136.8
35.6
109.4
15.2

13.3
189.0
136.6
35.5
110.0
14.9

127
190.2
137.7
36.2
110.2
14.9

126
191.5
138.2
35.4
111.6
15.0

125
1929
138.9
34.3
110.9
15.1

13.0
193.4
140.1
35.5
111.9
15.3

13.2
194.9
141.5
33.9
113.3
15.9

13.3
195.5
141.9
35.2
112.8
15.2

13.2
196.8
143.6
35.1
113.9
16.0

See footnotes at end of table.




1997

1998

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Manufacturing
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

381.2
15.4
206.9
253.0
1,925.8

382.2
14.8
208.1
253.4
1,925.8

380.0
14.7
209.3
252.9
1,927.4

378.7
15.0
210.1
253.5
1,935.0

378.7
15.5
211.6
253.3
1,936.5

378.6
13.9
212.9
254.0
1,941.6

380.2
15.5
214.7
255.5
1,943.2

379.2
16.4
215.0
255.3
1,945.2

378.0
16.3
215.1
255.1
1,947.1

377.1
15.5
215.5
255.6
1,944.3

376.6
14.1
215.1
255.3
1,947.4

375.0
14.8
215.7
255.8
1,944.9

372.7
15.8
215.3
253.5
1,932.6

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

204.0
278.2
56.6
12.5
492.3

204.6
277.2
57.5
12.6
492.3

205.1
276.6
57.9
12.5
491.9

205.8
276.5
58.3
12.6
491.7

206.6
276.0
58.4
12.6
491.5

207.7
276.3
58.7
12.6
491.9

206.9
277.1
56.7
12.8
491.8

208.4
276.9
57.3
12.7
491.7

208.8
277.0
58.8
12.8
491.3

208.4
277.6
58.8
12.8
491.9

208.0
276.7
59.1
12.8
492.1

208.3
276.4
59.4
12.7
490.6

208.2
277.3
57.0
128
491.3

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

588.9
16.8
74.1
975.9
676.8

587.8
16.7
74.5
977.7
677.5

587.5
16.4
74.8
978.8
675.2

588.1
16.4
75.2
983.3
678.0

589.3
16.5
75.5
979.5
678.4

590.0
16.5
75.8
980.9
679.6

589.1
16.5
76.4
981.3
678.6

587.1
16.4
76.7
980.2
680.1

589.9
16.4
76.3
980.5
682.9

590.4
16.3
76.3
981.8
681.4

591.4
16.2
76.2
980.1
682.0

591.3
16.1
75.7
980.2
681.8

586.8
16.0
75.2
978.2
667.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

253.9
206.3
318.6
191.3
87.3

255.2
206.9
319.5
191.0
87.9

254.4
207.3
320.2
190.7
87.6

256.3
207.1
315.6
190.0
87.5

256.1
208.4
315.9
190.7
87.8

256.3
208.9
316.7
190.8
88.1

256.5
209.7
318.6
190.8
88.1

257.0
210.2
317.9
190.4
88.2

258.4
210.4
314.9
190.5
87.4

258.3
210.8
315.7
189.9
87.3

259.1
211.8
316.1
190.2
87.0

259.2
210.6
316.0
189.0
86.8

263.7
209.2
315.0
187.6
86.5

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

175.3
448.9
964.1
434.5
242.5

176.0
448.7
967.8
435.1
240.4

173.5
448.2
963.3
434.9
239.3

173.6
450.2
969.8
437.5
240.3

176.6
451.6
970.7
439.3
241.2

176.7
452.9
969.3
440.4
241.1

176.6
455.8
970.9
440.7
241.8

177.1
456.9
973.2
438.7
242.6

176.8
456.3
973.8
442.4
241.5

176.1
454.5
981.3
441.6
241.8

175.8
453.3
978.8
442.5
242.2

175.8
452.3
972.8
444.8
240.6

172.9
455.1
913.1
443.7
240.3

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
NewHanpshire

416.4
24.1
118.0
40.4
107.4

422.1
24.3
116.0
40.7
107.3

418.6
24.3
116.2
40.9
107.7

420.8
24.4
116.5
40.9
107.7

419.8
24.5
116.8
41.2
107.7

420.2
24.3
117.0
41.4
108.1

426.7
24.4
117.7
41.7
108.8

420.0
24.6
118.7
41.9
108.5

421.6
24.5
118.2
42.4
108.7

421.4
24.7
119.8
42.3
108.2

421.7
24.9
119.8
42.5
108.0

421.7
24.3
119.6
42.9
106.7

417.4
24.1
120.6
42.9
105.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

481.9
46.4
921.3
835.6
23.5

482.4
46.9
921.7
831.4
23.8

482.0
46.9
921.6
834.0
23.4

481.6
47.1
922.3
834.2
23.6

483.5
47.3
923.3
834.7
23.7

484.4
47.3
925.1
833.5
23.6

486.0
46.9
923.0
833.1
24.0

485.5
46.3
920.3
833.7
23.9

485.2
45.6
920.4
833.1
23.9

483.3
45.2
918.2
831.2
23.8

482.0
45.1
916.9
830.8
24.1

481.7
45.2
917.2
827.1
23.6

477.0
44.8
901.6
824.8
23.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,082.2
181.2
244.3
936.4
79.8

1,090.0
181.1
242.1
935.4
79.3

1,090.1
181.6
243.7
938.7
79.7

1,090.5
18Z2
245.6
939.3
79.3

1,090.8
183.2
246.2
938.6
78.8

1,093.8
183.7
246.7
938.6
80.1

1,095.3
184.2
247.0
943.0
79.4

1,096.9
184.4
247.5
941.6
79.4

1,097.8
184.4
247.7
939.7
79.3

1,094.9
183.7
246.7
938.5
78.8

1,091.2
185.1
247.4
937.3
79.1

1,088.9
185.3
246.0
935.0
78.9

1,054.0
184.6
246.8
936.4
79.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

362.3
50.2
517.3
1,085.2
133.3

362.2
49.3
517.1
1,086.3
133.4

361.5
49.3
515.3
1,087.8
133.7

361.8
49.7
516.0
1,089.0
133.6

362.1
49.7
517.5
1,091.8
134.0

362.2
49.9
517.7
1,093.9
134.0

362.2
49.0
517.8
1,093.3
135.1

361.4
49.6
518.2
1,093.4
135.3

362.5
49.6
518.5
1,095.9
135.4

364.2
49.2
516.4
1,097.2
135.4

364.2
49.0
514.2
1,098.0
135.7

364.1
48.9
514.2
1,098.0
135.0

367.5
49.7
511.9
1,096.7
134.3

46.5
403.8
372.0
80.8
610.3
10.8

46.5
404.1
373.2
81.6
612.3
10.8

46.7
403.9
374.2
81.1
612.6
11.0

46.9
405.3
373.8
82.2
614.4
10.9

46.9
405.3
375.1
82.4
615.8
10.9

47.2
405.8
376.0
82.7
617.4
10.9

47.3
406.4
376.5
83.0
620.8
10.9

47.4
406.6
377.4
83.1
619.4
10.8

47.3
407.6
377.8
82.9
620.0
11.0

47.9
407.5
376.9
83.1
620.1
11.0

48.0
405.7
378.2
83.0
619.3
11.0

48.1
405.5
379.5
82.9
621.3
11.1

48.3
404.6
379.6
82.4
613.9
11.0

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




1998

1997
State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

1 June

JulyP

Transportation and public utilities
Alabanra
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

91.3
24.0
95.4
65.9
665.5

89.6
24.2
92.5
64.7
642.8

91.5
24.3
96.4
66.1
669.1

91.4
24.3
96.0
66.6
672.7

90.7
24.0
97.0
66.9
675.4

91.0
24.4
97.8
67.2
675.1

91.6
24.4
98.2
67.1
675.6

91.7
24.7
97.0
67.5
676.5

91.8
24.6
97.5
67.7
679.0

91.5
25.0
97.7
67.7
680.1

91.7
25.7
98.5
68.0
680.1

91.3
25.2
98.8
67.8
680.2

91.4
25.4
98.6
67.8
680.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

121.8
74.2
16.0
17.7
328.8

118.7
71.9
15.9
17.7
321.8

121.7
74.8
15.7
17.5
330.3

122.0
75.0
15.8
17.5
330.3

121.8
75.3
15.7
17.5
330.9

121.2
75.7
15.8
17.5
332.2

122.5
75.3
15.5
17.7
335.6

122.5
75.8
15.6
17.3
336.2

122.0
76.1
15.6
17.2
338.1

122.7
76.0
15.6
17.1
336.6

123.3
76.7
15.7
17.0
338.9

124.7
76.4
15.6
16.8
339.9

125.0
76.3
15.9
17.0
340.8

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

231.3
41.7
24.0
336.1
138.8

226.5
41.5
23.9
323.3
136.1

233.6
41.4
24.0
338.9
140.2

234.8
41.4
23.9
340.3
140.4

235.7
41.5
24.1
340.8
140.7

236.4
41.0
24.2
342.0
141.5

236.3
41.1
24.7
342.0
142.3

237.5
41.2
24.4
341.3
142.6

238.4
40.9
25.8
342.1
142.8

238.4
40.2
24.4
343.7
142.9

238.6
40.4
24.3
345.7
142.5

239.7
40.6
24.4
344.5
140.7

240.9
40.6
24.4
343.4
139.8

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

65.3
71.9
97.1
111.2
23.5

62.9
72.5
90.9
109.7
22.5

65.4
72.8
97.7
111.5
23.5

66.2
73.0
98.5
111.8
23.4

66.5
73.0
98.6
111.8
23.4

66.7
72.9
99.4
112.1
23.5

66.9
72.9
99.5
111.7
23.5

67.0
73.0
99.7
112.5
23.9

67.2
73.3
100.0
112.8
23.8

68.1
73.5
101.5
113.4
23.8

68.2
73.9
101.7
113.8
24.0

68.4
74.1
102.4
114.2
24.1

68.7
73.4
1021
114.0
24.1

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

106.7
134.9
173.8
123.8
52.9

102.5
131.3
169.6
120.8
51.5

106.6
135.7
174.4
124.8
53.0

105.7
137.0
174.7
125.2
53.4

105.9
136.0
175.1
125.3
53.6

106.3
135.3
175.3
126.0
53.5

105.3
136.8
175.4
125.9
54.1

106.2
137.5
175.0
125.4
53.9

105.5
137.6
174.0
125.6
53.7

105.4
138.6
174.4
125.6
53.9

105.9
138.4
176.3
126.0
53.8

106.0
138.6
175.9
126.1
53.3

106.0
138.3
175.2
127.3
53.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hanpshire

165.3
20.9
53.7
46.0
19.8

162.0
20.4
53.8
44.9
19.7

164.6
21.1
54.8
46.4
19.4

164.0
21.2
54.2
46.6
19.3

163.6
21.4
54.4
46.7
19.4

164.3
21.3
54.6
46.7
19.4

165.9
21.5
54.9
46.7
19.7

165.4
21.6
55.0
46.9
19.4

165.6
21.5
54.8
46.9
19.3

166.4
21.6
55.1
47.0
19.8

166.0
21.5
54.9
47.3
19.3

165.5
21.3
55.6
47.5
19.0

165.3
21.2
55.7
47.5
19.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

258.3
32.0
408.2
170.3
18.1

248.1
31.8
395.2
164.1
18.1

258.5
32.1
410.5
169.8
18.0

259.9
32.7
411.3
170.8
18.0

259.4
32.6
410.6
171.0
18.0

260.4
32.5
410.7
170.9
18.0

260.4
32.5
411.7
171.0
18.3

261.9
32.5
410.6
171.3
18.2

261.9
32.7
411.1
170.7
18.3

262.0
33.0
409.8
169.8
18.4

263.0
33.3
409.8
169.2
18.6

263.8
33.3
410.2
169.8
18.5

263.7
33.4
409.8
171.6
18.5

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

233.8
79.5
74.1
278.3
15.6

226.0
78.6
71.2
267.1
14.8

234.5
79.9
74.6
279.9
15.5

234.6
80.3
74.5
279.3
15.5

233.8
80.7
74.6
278.4
15.7

233.3
80.9
74.4
278.2
15.9

235.4
80.7
74.5
281.0
15.4

235.4
81.1
74.6
280.8
15.9

235.2
81.6
74.7
280.4
16.0

234.9
81.7
75.6
281.5
15.8

234.9
82.3
75.7
280.7
15.8

234.4
82.4
75.5
280.3
15.8

233.3
827
76.4
280.9
16.0

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

75.9
16.4
150.7
517.2
56.5

73.8
15.7
146.4
510.0
54.4

76.0
16.2
150.6
519.9
56.8

76.2
16.1
150.6
522.4
56.9

76.5
15.9
150.4
524.7
57.3

76.9
15.8
150.1
526.0
57.7

75.8
16.1
153.1
527.8
57.4

76.3
16.0
153.0
531.2
57.5

77.2
15.9
152.4
532.4
57.8

77.5
16.1
153.3
538.0
58.2

77.3
16.1
152.6
540.1
58.1

77.3
15.8
151.9
540.7
58.1

78.7
15.6
1525
540.9
58.2

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.3
168.2
133.9
38.8
123.4
13.9

11.9
164.8
131.0
38.1
119.1
13.8

12.2
168.8
133.6
39.0
123.1
13.9

123
170.4
133.7
39.0
123.1
13.9

12.3
170.7
133.9
39.2
123.0
14.0

12.3
171.3
133.9
38.8
122.5
13.9

12.4
170.9
135.6
39.2
124.0
13.7

12.5
171.6
136.3
38.7
124.4
13.8

12.5
172.0
136.7
38.5
123.8
13.9

12.6
173.1
136.9
38.6
124.1
13.9

12.4
172.3
137.5
38.6
123.6
14.0

12.4
172.0
137.0
38.7
124.1
13.9

124
1722
137.7
38.8
123.9
13.9

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

1 June

JulyP

Trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

428.0
56.5
478.4
251.5
3,066.6

428.1
56.4
480.8
251.9
3,070.3

428.0
55.7
480.9
252.4
3,073.8

428.8
55.0
483.3
252.2
3,081.6

429.2
54.9
487.8
253.7
3,100.1

429.4
55.4
491.3
252.7
3,106.6

430.3
55.9
496.7
251.6
3,091.3

431.4
56.4
497.6
251.2
3,107.1

432.9
56.9
499.0
254.4
3,114.7

432.2
56.6
498.8
255.1
3,117.4

434.5
57.2
500.0
256.3
3,129.0

435.5
57.5
500.4
256.5
3,129.1

436.1
57.2
497.2
256.0
3,132.1

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Ftorida

483.8
352.7
85.1
48.5
1,648.4

484.4
353.9
85.3
48.4
1,656.8

483.0
355.0
85.4
48.4
1,663.4

484.3
356.6
85.7
48.6
1,670.0

486.6
359.6
85.9
48.6
1,675.7

486.5
362.3
86.1
48.8
1,680.9

489.5
360.2
86.7
48.6
1,678.4

490.7
359.9
87.7
48.2
1,681.8

491.9
359.0
87.7
48.7
1,687.8

492.2
357.9
87.2
48.1
1,686.9

496.3
358.8
87.3
48.1
1,690.5

499.7
358.4
86.4
48.3
1,696.4

501.4
359.2
86.9
48.7
1,697.7

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

912.0
134.2
128.9
1,323.8
683.7

919.2
134.3
128.1
1,323.8
684.7

923.2
134.7
128.4
1,323.4
682.7

926.0
134.9
128.7
1,330.1
6827

929.1
134.7
129.4
1,331.7
682.9

932.4
134.4
129.7
1,336.8
681.9

931.9
133.8
129.6
1,339.7
676.9

936.9
133.7
130.1
1,335.1
682.5

936.5
133.3
129.2
1,337.3
683.8

936.8
132.5
130.1
1,340.0
684.6

941.9
132.6
131.1
1,343.3
684.7

937.0
131.9
131.2
1,344.4
684.3

936.6
130.4
130.7
1,337.5
685.6

345.3
310.8
409.0
430.1
140.2

344.4
311.8
411.8
430.6
140.6

344.5
311.3
409.7
429.6
141.2

348.7
313.3
410.2
433.1
141.7

348.5
313.6
414.4
434.7
142.8

347.7
314.4
416.1
436.2
142.4

347.8
314.7
416.2
434.7
140.4

348.0
316.1
416.4
436.8
139.9

348.5
316.4
415.6
436.7
140.8

349.5
317.3
417.4
436.0
141.0

350.2
318.6
419.0
438.1
140.6

350.0
318.6
417.2
437.3
141.2

349.4
319.3
416.5
439.4
141.6

533.4
709.9
1,049.1
602.6
237.7

534.1
713.4
1,047.2
603.6
238.5

533.6
715.6
1,048.6
603.6
238.5

536.2
717.4
1,049.7
605.0
238.2

539.1
722.0
1,047.9
607.0
238.0

539.1
723.6
1,050.9
608.6
237.8

543.2
727.4
1,050.2
605.1
238.7

541.0
729.4
1,056.0
605.5
238.6

541.6
729.2
1,055.3
606.2
238.1

538.9
728.6
1,059.1
604.1
239.9

539.4
732.1
1,066.6
608.0
239.6

539.2
729.1
1,061.8
610.5
238.5

539.6
729.9
1,061.9
616.0
240.7

623.4
100.0
210.9
179.8
149.5

623.3
99.9
210.8
180.4
149.1

624.2
99.7
211.4
181.1
149.3

625.0
99.2
211.5
181.6
150.9

625.4
99.3
212.0
182.4
150.1

626.4
99.4
211.7
183.1
150.2

625.4
98.8
214.5
183.1
149.8

626.5
99.4
214.2
184.3
149.3

628.4
99.4
213.2
185.9
148.8

631.5
99.2
214.8
186.2
149.5

632.8
99.7
214.3
186.6
149.7

632.7
99.0
214.7
186.7
150.5

634.5
98.8
215.2
187.5
150.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

871.5
167.4
1,642.5
842.5
80.5

873.5
167.3
1,645.8
840.6
80.9

875.6
166.9
1,646.6
841.2
80.7

876.1
168.1
1,646.6
839.8
81.4

877.8
168.8
1,651.6
845.1
81.5

880.1
169.1
1,655.5
840.5
82.0

879.5
168.7
1,654.3
841.8
81.3

885.9
169.2
1,650.1
846.6
81.9

886.6
169.9
1,654.3
847.2
81.5

884.3
169.7
1,657.3
847.1
80.9

890.7
170.8
1,660.4
845.9
80.8

891.1
171.0
1,662.6
845.9
80.6

890.9
1721
1,665.8
850.5
80.8

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,308.0
323.4
378.7
1,214.4
98.4

1,311.2
324.2
378.8
1,216.2
98.4

1,313.3
323.6
378.0
1,220.6
98.7

1,314.6
324.4
380.9
1,222.6
98.8

1,318.5
326.6
381.9
1,223.9
98.7

1,321.3
327.3
384.8
1,228.0
98.6

1,317.1
326.4
383.0
1,216.7
98.5

1,317.6
327.0
384.5
1,221.3
99.2

1,318.1
327.9
387.0
1,224.1
99.0

1,316.5
328.3
386.5
1,227.9
98.6

1,318.7
328.3
388.1
1,230.4
99.1

1,320.5
327.7
387.0
1,229.9
98.8

1,317.6
327.4
388.6
1.229.3
98.2

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

413.2
88.5
607.0
2,053.3
238.7

413.3
88.9
607.8
2,057.8
239.3

414.2
88.0
608.5
2,058.9
239.8

415.8
88.2
610.7
2,063.2
240.2

426.5
88.3
614.8
2,071.0
241.2

427.6
88.1
618.4
2,081.5
242.7

430.0
87.2
618.1
2,084.5
242.7

431.0
87.5
619.5
2,086.0
243.9

433.2
87.3
620.1
2,091.1
245.0

436.2
87.9
624.6
2,092.0
244.2

437.7
89.3
621.5
2,097.2
244.6

439.8
89.5
617.6
2,097.4
242.9

440.9
88.9
618.2
2,099.5
243.4

65.4
721.3
611.0
161.2
605.2
52.3

65.0
723.3
609.0
160.9
608.9
52.1

65.0
724.3
608.2
161.0
607.4
51.9

65.0
730.0
610.1
164.1
607.8
525

65.1
732.3
611.9
164.3
608.5
52.3

65.3
734.4
612.8
164.5
609.5
52.3

64.8
730.9
615.4
163.4
608.6
52.5

65.0
735.3
618.1
163.6
611.7
51.9

65.4
737.5
621.3
164.7
613.4
52.3

65.2
735.4
621.4
163.9
613.0
52.4

65.5
736.6
625.6
163.1
615.3
52.3

65.9
739.5
626.6
163.3
614.5
52.5

65.8
740.9
628.5
1629
616.2
524

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




1998

1997

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

1 June

JulyP

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabanfia
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

84.7
12.3
127.3
44.1
759.3

84.7
12.4
127.6
44.2
760.0

84.7
12.3
128.0
44.2
761.2

84.9
12.2
129.2
44.3
763.5

84.9
12.2
130.0
44.4
764.7

85.1
12.2
130.3
44.5
765.1

85.1
12.1
130.5
44.3
765.8

85.3
12.1
131.4
44.4
769.9

85.6
12.2
132.4
44.8
772.7

85.8
12.3
132.9
44.8
776.1

86.2
12.4
133.4
44.8
780.0

86.4
12.5
134.7
44.7
782.2

86.4
1^6
135.4
44.5
785.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

128.3
130.9
47.3
28.5
410.1

128.7
131.1
47.6
28.5
411.4

128.7
131.4
48.3
28.5
413.1

129.0
131.8
48.5
28.4
416.8

129.5
132.8
48.2
28.3
419.3

130.0
133.6
48.6
28.4
419.2

130.0
133.7
48.4
28.9
418.8

130.9
133.8
48.6
28.4
419.9

131.2
134.7
48.9
28.5
422.8

130.7
134.5
49.5
28.4
424.5

131.5
135.5
49.7
28.4
426.3

132.5
135.6
49.3
28.5
427.4

134.2
135.7
49.4
28.9
427.5

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

187.0
36.1
25.7
399.1
139.0

188.5
36.1
25.7
400.9
139.3

189.2
36.0
25.8
401.0
139.6

190.6
35.9
25.7
402.9
139.9

190.8
35.8
25.6
404.3
140.1

191.7
35.7
25.6
405.2
140.4

191.8
35.6
25.7
406.3
140.2

192.8
35.3
26.0
406.5
140.0

193.8
35.3
26.2
406.8
140.2

194.5
35.3
26.5
407.9
140.6

195.1
35.1
26.6
409.2
140.8

195.3
34.9
26.7
410.4
140.6

194.9
35.1
26.9
41Z1
141.2

79.5
60.5
69.9
85.9
28.7

79.6
60.7
70.2
86.0
28.7

79.8
60.7
70.1
86.0
28.6

80.5
60.7
70.2
86.1
28.8

80.7
60.8
70.4
86.5
29.0

80.9
60.9
70.6
86.8
29.2

81.3
60.8
70.5
86.5
29.4

81.0
61.1
70.7
86.6
29.7

81.1
61.0
70.8
86.8
30.2

81.3
61.4
71.1
86.5
30.2

81.8
61.2
71.2
86.6
30.4

81.9
61.2
71.0
87.1
30.1

81.8
61.1
70.9
87.0
30.6

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

130.4
212.3
205.5
146.2
41.4

130.7
213.2
204.9
146.4
40.6

130.8
213.9
205.7
146.7
40.8

130.7
214.6
206.2
147.9
41.1

130.9
215.2
206.6
148.5
41.1

131.3
215.7
207.1
149.1
41.1

131.5
215.9
207.9
149.2
41.2

131.8
216.1
208.9
149.8
41.5

131.1
216.5
209.4
149.9
41.3

131.9
216.3
209.7
150.9
41.5

132.3
216.7
209.0
151.3
41.5

132.8
217.4
207.9
151.4
41.5

13^7
217.9
208.4
1524
41.6

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

154.4
16.4
54.7
40.4
29.6

153.7
16.5
54.8
40.4
29.6

154.1
16.6
55.0
40.5
29.4

154.7
16.6
55.3
40.9
29.5

154.8
16.6
55.4
41.1
29.4

155.5
16.6
55.9
41.2
29.2

155.8
16.7
55.8
41.4
29.3

156.0
16.8
56.4
41.5
29.3

156.7
16.7
56.5
41.7
29.4

156.8
16.9
56.9
41.8
29.8

157.7
16.8
57.1
42.2
29.5

158.2
16.6
57.5
42.6
29.2

159.4
16.8
57.8
42.7
29.3

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

237.9
31.4
720.3
167.6
14.9

238.2
31.4
720.7
168.0
14.9

238.8
31.2
721.3
168.3
14.9

239.9
31.2
721.3
168.5
15.0

240.9
31.3
721.5
168.9
15.0

242.2
31.4
722.1
169.3
15.2

243.3
31.5
721.3
170.6
15.3

244.1
31.5
724.1
172.5
15.4

244.0
31.6
725.8
173.4
15.3

244.6
31.5
726.3
173.0
15.4

244.2
31.5
727.6
174.2
15.4

244.0
31.6
728.7
174.8
15.5

244.7
31.7
730.1
175.2
15.7

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

286.7
69.3
95.4
312.4
26.7

287.5
69.3
95.5
312.5
26.6

287.9
69.5
95.2
313.3
26.6

288.4
69.9
95.7
314.4
26.6

288.7
70.2
96.1
315.3
26.7

288.9
70.2
96.0
317.6
26.6

290.0
70.3
96.4
317.5
26.9

289.8
70.5
96.0
318.5
27.0

290.5
70.7
96.7
318.5
26.8

291.9
70.9
96.5
319.3
27.0

292.1
71.1
97.0
320.2
27.2

292.0
71.0
97.4
320.6
27.7

2926
71.3
97.3
321.4
27.4

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

75.1
21.1
120.7
465.2
52.8

75.2
21.1
120.8
466.7
52.9

75.2
21.2
121.6
467.9
53.2

75.3
21.4
122.0
469.0
53.6

75.3
21.6
121.7
469.7
54.0

75.8
21.7
121.7
471.2
53.9

76.0
21.7
123.4
473.5
53.7

76.6
21.6
123.5
475.6
53.8

76.9
21.6
123.2
477.4
53.7

77.6
21.7
122.7
478.5
53.7

78.1
22.0
122.8
479.8
53.5

78.5
22.3
122.8
481.8
54.1

78.9
222
1229
483.4
54.3

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.4
168.1
129.2
28.3
140.5
8.2

12.4
168.1
129.6
28.3
140.4
8.2

12.4
167.6
129.8
28.3
140.5
8.2

12.3
168.6
130.3
28.5
141.1
8.2

12.3
169.1
130.4
28.5
141.8
8.2

12.2
169.5
131.0
28.6
141.9
8.2

12.2
170.6
131.5
28.4
141.8
8.2

12.1
170.7
132.0
28.3
142.2
8.3

12.1
170.7
132.5
28.4
142.3
8.3

12.2
170.6
133.7
28.4
142.6
8.3

12.3
171.1
134.5
28.2
143.0
8.2

12.2
170.9
134.4
28.1
144.2
8.2

123
1725
135.4
28.0
144.9
8.3

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

See footnotes at end of table.




(In thousands)
1997

1998

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

1

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

1 JulyP

Services
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

432.0
65.6
600.1
253.4
4,072.4

432.0
65.8
603.3
255.6
4,089.0

432.0
66.0
607.2
255.8
4,098.9

433.2
66.1
608.8
256.3
4,110.9

433.9
66.1
6125
257.3
4,124.2

434.3
66.0
616.3
257.7
4,1420

435.1
66.5
617.3
257.2
4,154.9

435.6
67.0
619.9
259.6
4,168.6

438.0
67.1
621.1
260.9
4,180.9

437.8
67.4
624.3
263.0
4,198.7

438.4
67.8
630.9
263.2
4,217.7

439.6
67.4
633.0
262.4
4,226.9

439.2
68.0
6325
260.7
4,240.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Fterida

602.2
495.4
108.5
267.7
2,279.2

600.3
500.8
108.7
265.6
2,291.8

606.7
500.7
108.5
267.6
2,302.2

608.7
503.5
108.8
267.0
2,311.0

610.4
506.4
109.5
266.0
2,321.5

610.8
508.7
109.9
265.6
2,330.5

609.5
506.6
110.2
266.3
2,337.5

607.4
506.9
110.7
266.0
2,347.9

609.8
505.4
111.0
267.5
2,363.5

609.0
509.3
110.9
265.7
2,370.1

617.0
509.0
111.9
266.2
2,389.7

620.6
5129
1122
268.7
2,403.3

620.9
510.9
1121
269.6
2,420.1

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

936.8
169.7
124.9
1,695.2
683.5

945.1
169.7
123.7
1,699.9
686.3

955.2
169.7
121.7
1,695.1
689.0

963.1
170.1
124.0
1,701.8
691.2

967.4
170.3
123.9
1,709.9
696.7

973.2
169.5
123.9
1,714.0
700.7

972.3
168.4
121.8
1,713.4
691.3

981.5
169.1
121.4
1,716.7
692.1

982.8
169.7
121.5
1,717.1
693.1

983.4
170.3
121.2
1,722.6
699.4

983.3
169.5
121.4
1,732.7
702.9

986.9
169.4
121.7
1,740.0
697.5

990.1
168.4
121.7
1,748.3
696.2

366.3
318.4
426.2
501.3
158.0

365.4
319.8
429.0
500.2
158.5

364.9
321.4
429.7
502.5
159.2

368.3
323.2
430.7
503.8
159.7

369.1
324.1
431.7
504.6
160.5

369.9
325.0
433.3
506.0
160.7

371.6
324.9
432.0
507.4
160.6

373.0
325.8
432.3
507.7
161.6

373.9
326.9
434.5
511.0
1620

376.6
329.5
437.5
511.6
162.4

377.0
329.1
441.5
5126
163.2

378.5
330.3
442.8
515.2
163.0

381.5
331.5
441.9
516.0
164.3

754.1
1,106.6
1,220.1
703.2
258.7

755.6
1,109.6
1,226.9
705.4
259.9

756.8
1,113.4
1,228.2
706.1
261.0

760.4
1,117.6
1,234.5
706.8
261.1

762.7
1,121.6
1,235.2
708.9
261.5

764.0
1,126.1
1,243.2
710.5
261.3

763.1
1,119.3
1,244.1
708.1
262.7

764.5
1,126.2
1,243.7
714.6
263.7

763.7
1,133.6
1,246.3
716.3
263.7

762.3
1,140.3
1,247.9
718.2
263.8

763.4
1,148.0
1,259.8
724.9
265.3

763.2
1,147.1
1,260.8
729.3
264.9

769.1
1,150.9
1,262.5
729.3
264.1

737.5
105.5
230.0
381.8
166.4

738.2
105.6
230.6
383.2
166.1

738.6
105.5
232.0
385.1
164.9

740.3
105.9
2328
386.1
166.1

744.3
106.0
233.4
386.7
166.0

746.5
106.6
233.3
387.2
165.7

746.2
106.1
234.3
386.5
165.2

747.0
107.1
236.8
389.6
165.3

740.7
107.0
235.6
390.0
164.0

7421
107.1
236.1
392.2
164.2

749.0
107.5
236.4
392.3
165.7

744.1
107.8
236.4
393.1
167.4

748.0
107.7
238.1
394.2
167.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,176.4
194.9
2,698.1
878.2
87.5

1,180.2
195.2
2,705.8
882.1
87.1

1,182.7
196.0
2,713.2
886.5
87.1

1,187.1
197.2
2,722.0
891.3
87.2

1,1929
197.4
2,729.4
896.2
87.5

1,195.1
197.2
2,736.5
899.5
87.8

1,194.6
196.8
2,734.3
899.8
88.4

1,198.2
197.7
2,750.1
904.2
89.1

1,203.7
197.7
2,759.4
905.4
89.0

1,206.3
197.7
2,769.0
909.5
89.1

1,2125
198.5
2,774.6
916.3
89.4

1,217.7
199.8
2,777.9
916.7
89.1

1,218.2
199.1
2,785.3
907.1
89.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,473.2
378.7
403.7
1,710.8
151.2

1,477.1
380.7
403.8
1,717.2
151.7

1,478.5
382.0
404.2
1,719.8
152.3

1,481.9
381.7
404.5
1,721.6
1525

1,485.0
382.6
404.2
1,728.8
1523

1,484.7
383.0
408.7
1,7329
1521

1,497.6
3829
4120
1,739.0
151.9

1,494.3
385.2
4129
1,733.9
151.7

1,500.5
386.2
4127
1,7326
151.6

1,501.6
389.7
414.7
1,733.4
1522

1,510.4
394.2
413.9
1,733.4
1526

1,511.6
393.1
415.6
1,738.1
151.4

1,513.8
3928
415.7
1,743.2
151.6

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

396.3
92.7
687.7
2,401.8
270.0

399.1
92.7
689.3
2,419.1
271.7

398.5
92.8
688.2
2,425.1
272.5

398.6
927
690.6
2,436.5
273.6

400.2
922
692.6
2,447.2
275.6

401.4
92.5
691.1
2,457.1
276.4

409.3
92.9
699.0
2,448.9
277.7

410.9
94.4
698.7
2,473.4
277.1

413.0
94.5
700.4
2,479.6
279.1

415.4
95.0
696.6
2,492.8
278.7

416.3
95.6
700.0
2,498.8
279.5

417.9
94.4
698.7
2,506.9
279.6

418.8
95.0
7025
2,512.4
278.0

83.8
976.8
677.5
199.3
683.0
49.0

84.1
981.3
680.2
199.8
684.8
48.8

84.0
984.9
680.8
200.6
687.5
48.6

84.0
989.3
683.3
2028
688.8
48.9

84.3
991.9
686.6
202.9
690.7
48.9

84.7
999.2
689.4
2025
692.3
49.0

83.9
1,004.5
689.5
202.5
693.5
48.8

84.2
1,007.8
695.6
203.4
691.0
48.5

84.4
1,014.7
698.8
203.7
693.6
48.8

84.8
1,018.1
704.6
202.7
696.0
48.7

85.9
1,024.6
709.5
203.5
700.9
49.6

85.9
1,028.3
710.2
204.4
703.0
48.8

85.7
1,032.7
711.9
205.9
7023
49.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




1998

1997

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

1

Apr.

1

May

1 June

1 JulyP

Government
345.3
73.5
318.2
184.0
2,127.0

346.0
73.0
325.7
185.6
2,145.2

346.2
72.8
326.6
183.7
2,151.8

347.0
72.9
327.0
182.8
2,155.2

347.1
73.3
327.3
183.5
2,163.6

347.3
73.5
327.5
183.9
2,160.5

346.7
73.1
325.4
183.7
2,157.5

346.2
73.3
329.5
184.0
2,161.0

346.3
73.2
332.6
184.7
2.170.2

345.2
73.6
332.3
185.3
2,175.6

344.9
73.4
333.5
185.1
2,180.2

346.3
73.1
341.2
185.5
2,186.0

346.6
73.5
331.1
190.2
2,171.1

Coterado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Fterida

315.6
223.5
53.4
235.1
938.8

315.3
224.2
53.7
232.9
942.2

316.4
225.2
53.9
231.4
944.4

316.2
225.3
53.4
229.9
944.8

316.2
225.6
53.6
229.3
949.3

317.0
226.3
53.8
228.6
950.5

318.2
225.8
53.9
230.0
956.9

317.8
227.0
53.8
227.9
953.2

318.0
226.8
53.7
227.2
951.3

318.3
226.2
54.1
228.8
949.1

320.7
225.3
54.8
229.1
954.2

318.9
226.0
54.6
226.7
954.6

320.7
225.1
55.2
218.9
964.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

578.4
110.6
99.7
808.1
393.4

580.0
112.7
100.1
808.8
392.1

581.1
114.4
99.7
808.3
393.0

581.3
1127
99.7
807.5
389.4

581.1
112.1
99.6
806.2
386.1

582.9
111.6
99.4
804.1
390.4

584.0
111.3
101.1
803.8
395.2

586.2
110.8
101.4
801.2
391.0

587.1
111.3
102.1
803.4
389.9

588.0
111.4
102.1
804.1
391.4

590.8
112.0
101.4
802.4
396.1

588.9
111.1
101.5
806.8
395.8

588.9
111.2
102.7
811.8
385.4

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

234.5
235.8
291.5
361.9
92.9

234.5
235.2
291.1
364.5
92.9

235.0
234.7
290.3
365.3
92.9

236.8
237.0
290.2
365.9
93.1

233.4
235.2
291.0
366.5
92.8

234.6
237.8
291.1
365.2
93.0

236.8
239.4
294.1
365.4
91.6

237.8
239.0
292.5
367.7
93.0

237.5
239.7
294.3
367.0
92.5

238.6
236.8
293.1
367.4
92.1

238.0
241.2
291.1
367.9
91.4

237.4
239.3
294.1
369.3
92.6

239.6
240.9
293.8
364.5
923

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

420.1
407.2
646.1
380.3
218.8

417.7
407.5
644.6
382.9
222.3

418.4
407.3
652.6
379.9
220.3

416.9
406.9
647.3
379.8
220.3

416.0
407.3
643.9
380.1
220.3

414.8
409.0
650.0
379.9
220.3

420.4
408.5
654.7
379.7
220.2

420.4
409.3
655.1
381.1
221.7

419.8
407.7
652.3
382.6
220.7

420.3
408.8
655.5
380.2
221.3

419.5
409.8
655.5
380.9
222.2

422.4
411.8
665.3
382.0
223.1

419.4
408.0
6625
381.9
227.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

414.6
76.5
153.6
106.9
79.5

415.7
76.7
153.3
107.2
78.8

415.6
77.0
152.3
107.4
77.8

415.4
77.3
153.3
108.0
78.2

414.1
77.3
153.9
108.0
78.4

416.4
77.9
154.0
109.2
75.6

416.4
77.0
152.8
108.4
77.8

418.3
77.0
153.6
109.5
78.4

415.3
77.6
152.7
109.3
77.9

416.5
77.8
153.3
110.5
79.5

419.1
79.0
152.0
109.5
79.1

427.9
76.3
151.2
111.6
78.7

416.0
78.6
151.6
114.1
81.3

568.8
178.8
1,373.2
578.9
69.4

568.3
178.4
1,375.1
599.2
69.7

575.9
177.8
1,374.7
586.9
71.1

570.7
178.0
1,379.8
588.4
70.3

570.0
178.2
1,374.7
589.0
70.4

570.5
178.6
1,373.3
589.0
70.5

570.0
178.7
1,368.3
587.5
70.9

569.6
178.3
1,370.6
593.0
71.1

568.4
179.1
1,371.4
592.3
70.9

566.6
177.6
1,368.0
594.5
70.9

567.2
177.4
1,372.8
595.2
70.7

565.9
179.4
1,369.6
590.7
72.4

561.7
179.9
1,361.2
5828
71.9

764.3
270.7
248.7
711.6
63.5

764.2
272.6
251.2
713.5
64.1

763.0
278.7
251.7
715.2
64.4

760.5
276.8
2521
713.7
64.1

761.4
277.6
248.9
712.7
63.8

760.9
277.3
253.9
713.8
64.8

763.4
277.6
254.7
717.8
65.1

760.6
278.7
255.6
712.2
65.3

761.7
280.4
256.3
711.2
64.7

762.7
280.1
256.3
712.6
65.8

766.3
282.0
257.7
712.4
66.2

765.0
279.3
258.2
697.2
65.8

773.2
277.9
257.1
700.3
65.2

299.7
69.9
385.4
1,477.0
171.8

300.0
70.1
384.8
1,486.5
172.0

299.8
70.5
384.7
1,492.6
172.7

299.9
70.4
384.0
1,493.9
1727

290.9
70.1
383.9
1,495.8
174.3

300.0
70.1
383.6
1,496.7
174.8

303.4
69.9
385.6
1,490.8
175.0

303.7
69.8
385.6
1,495.1
175.7

304.2
70.7
385.4
1,502.0
177.5

304.1
70.5
385.1
1,507.7
178.2

303.9
70.7
385.0
1,507.2
178.1

314.9
70.1
394.5
1,500.3
178.1

298.8
71.3
390.4
1,505.4
177.0

45.6
591.0
462.0
138.9
383.2
59.9

45.4
594.0
459.3
139.2
385.2
60.3

45.4
594.4
459.1
139.6
385.6
57.3

45.5
597.8
459.0
140.5
387.9
57.0

45.4
598.6
456.3
140.9
387.7
56.9

45.7
598.5
460.3
140.8
388.7
57.1

45.4
595.7
456.3
139.3
390.0
56.9

45.6
596.7
457.5
140.2
391.3
57.0

45.4
597.2
457.0
139.9
390.0
57.3

45.4
597.8
459.5
139.8
392.5
57.5

44.8
597.9
457.7
150.8
391.8
57.8

45.5
599.7
460.3
138.5
391.1
57.4

44.6
6028
465.0
136.1
391.2
59.7

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

New Jersey
New Mexkjo
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

^ includes mining, not shown separately.
^ Mining is combined with construction.
P - preliminary.




NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchnnarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.

1997

1998

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Aug.P

34.7

34.6

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.7

34.6

34.5

34.7

34.6

34.6

34.6

41.3

41.3

41.3

41.2

41.4

41.6

41.4

41.0

40.8

41.1

41.0

41.1

41.1

Mining

45.6

45.1

45.2

45.2

44.9

45.4

44.4

43.8

44.1

44.6

43.8

44.9

44.0

Construction

38.B

39.1

38.9

38.2

39.0

39.8

39.2

38.5

38.7

38.6

38.4

39.2

39.1

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.9
4.8

41.9
4.7

42.0
4.8

42.1
4.9

42.2
4.9

42.1
4.9

42.0
4.8

41.8
4.8

41.4
4.5

41.8
4.6

41.8
4.6

41.7
4.7

41.7
4.4

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

42.8
5.1
41.0
40.2
43.1
45.0
45.1
42.5
43.5
41.9
44.4
44.9
42.2
40.2

42.7
5.0
40.9
40.4
43.2
45.0
45.0
42.5
43.5
41.8
44.0
44.3
42.0
40.3

42.8
5.1
41.0
40.4
43.2
45.2
45.4
42.6
43.6
41.9
44.3
44.6
42.0
40.4

42.9
5.2
41.1
40.6
42.9
45.2
45.3
42.7
43.7
42.0
44.1
44.5
42.2
40.5

43.0
5.2
41.0
40.7
43.6
45.2
45.4
42.9
43.7
42.0
44.5
44.9
41.9
40.6

42.8
5.2
41.2
41.0
43.7
45.2
46.0
42.7
43.6
41.8
43.9
43.9
41.9
40.4

42.8
5.1
41.1
41.0
43.6
44.8
45.4
42.7
43.4
41.9
43.8
43.8
42.0
40.4

42.5
5.0
41.2
40.7
43.2
44.6
45.3
42.4
43.3
41.4
43.4
43.5
41.5
40.5

41.9
4.6
41.2
40.7
43.3
43.9
44.9
41.8
42.6
41.1
42.1
42.0
41.3
40.1

42.4
4.8
41.2
40.7
43.5
44.5
45.6
42.6
43.0
41.4
43.3
43.3
41.4
40.0

42.3
4.8
41.3
41.0
43.2
44.4
45.1
42.5
43.2
41.4
42.7
42.4
41.3
40.0

42.2
4.8
41.2
40.6
43.5
43.7
43.8
42.3
42.9
41.4
42.6
41.9
41.5
40.0

42.2
4.6
41.3
40.7
43.7
43.8
44.1
42.3
43.0
41.7
42.4
41.8
41.4
39.9

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.7
4.3
41.2
38.0
41.3
37.1
43.5
38.3
43.3
(2)
41.8
38.1

40.8
4.3
41.2
38.2
41.5
37.3
43.6
38.6
43.3
(2)
41.7
38.4

40.9
4.4
41.3
39.1
41.5
37.3
43.7
38.6
43.4
(2)
42.1
38.3

41.0
4.5
41.5
39.0
41.5
37.2
44.0
38.8
43.4
(2)
42.0
38.2

41.0
4.4
41.6
38.8
41.7
37.5
43.7
38.6
43.2
(2)
42.1
38.4

41.1
4.4
41.8
38.3
41.8
37.4
43.6
38.5
43.5
(2)
42.0
38.3

40.9
4.4
41.5
38.5
41.5
37.4
43.4
38.5
43.4
(2)
41.8
38.8

40.8
4.4
41.5
37.7
41.2
37.2
43.4
38.4
43.4
(2)
41.5
37.9

40.7
4.2
41.3
38.2
41.0
37.7
43.0
38.2
43.1
(2)
41.7
37.3

41.0
4.4
41.8
39.3
41.3
37.4
43.5
38.4
43.1
(2)
42.1
37.3

40.9
4.4
41.7
39.0
41.1
37.4
43.6
38.2
43.2
(2)
42.0
37.6

41.0
4.4
42.1
40.5
41.0
37.3
43.4
38.4
43.0
(2)
42.1
36.6

40.9
4.3
41.8
39.7
40.9
37.4
43.2
38.5
43.3
(2)
41.6
37.8

32.9

32.8

32.9

32.9

32.9

33.0

33.0

32.8

32.9

33.0

32.9

33.0

32.9

Transportation and public utilities

40.1

39.9

39.8

39.9

39.9

40.0

39.9

39.8

39.6

39.8

39.5

39.6

39.6

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.3

38.5

38.5

38.3

38.3

38.5

38.2

38.4

38.4

Retail trade

29.0

28.9

29.0

29.0

28.9

29.0

29.0

28.9

29.0

29.1

29.0

29.1

29.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.7

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.7

Total private
Goods-producing

Service-producing

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment sun^ey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

(1982=100)
1998

1997
Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Aug.P

141.7

142.1

142.6

143.2

143.6

144.6

144.4

143.8

144.0

144.9

144.8

145.2

145.3

114.4

114.6

114.9

114.9

116.0

117.1

116.4

115.1

114.9

115.3

114.9

114.2

114.6

58.1

57.6

57.8

57.9

57.5

58.3

57.0

55.6

55.4

56.0

54.7

55.6

54.0

Construction

155.7

157.1

156.3

154.4

159.3

165.0

162.4

158.7

161.5

160.5

160.5

164.4

164.1

Manufacturing

109.2

109.2

109.8

110.1

110.6

110.6

110.3

109.7

108.7

109.4

109.0

107.3

107.9

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, day, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

113.0
141.6
128.0
112.3
95.2
73.3
117.8
109.8
111.3
130.5
171.6
76.7
103.7

112.8
141.2
128.6
112.6
95.4
73.5
117.9
109.9
111.3
128.7
167.6
76.7
103.2

113.5
141.8
128.9
113.1
95.8
73.8
118.5
110.9
111.9
130.2
169.2
76.7
103.4

113.9
142.3
130.2
112.6
95.9
74.0
119.0
111.4
112.4
131.0
169.9
77.0
102.9

114.6
142.6
131.1
114.9
96.3
73.8
119.9
111.7
113.0
131.8
171.2
76.9
103.9

114.6
143.8
132.8
116.5
96.6
75.6
119.8
111.7
112.8
130.0
166.8
77.4
103.8

114.5
143.4
133.1
116.2
95.8
74.6
120.1
111.3
112.8
130.1
166.6
77.6
103.8

113.7
143.6
132.7
113.9
95.5
74.4
119.1
111.1
111.3
128.7
164.6
76.8
104.1

112.2
143.8
133.7
114.1
93.7
73.4
117.5
109.1
110.1
124.6
158.9
76.6
103.4

113.1
143.8
134.0
114.7
94.6
74.5
119.2
110.1
110.7
127.0
161.8
76.6
102.0

112.7
143.7
134.4
114.4
94.4
73.7
118.4
110.9
110.3
124.7
157.2
76.1
101.6

110.0
143.8
134.0
115.4
91.1
71.6
116.9
109.4
108.8
113.2
131.7
76.5
102.0

111.7
144.3
133.4
116.2
93.1
72.0
117.2
109.7
109.3
122.2
151.7
76.1
101.0

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

103.9
115.9
56.5
88.9
73.0
110.3
125.5
100.8
75.6
146.0
39.2

104.3
116.4
58.6
89.5
72.8
110.8
126.2
101.4
75.0
146.0
39.5

104.6
116.8
62.0
89.7
72.6
111.2
126.5
102.0
74.0
147.4
39.4

104.9
117.8
63.7
89.3
72.0
112.2
127.2
102.1
74.4
147.2
38.7

105.1
118.4
61.5
89.9
72.2
111.6
126.7
102.0
74.2
148.2
38.9

105.2
119.2
60.7
89.6
71.6
111.6
126.3
103.1
75.0
148.4
38.3

104.6
118.5
61.0
88.6
70.8
111.1
126.0
103.2
71.9
147.9
38.7

104.3
118.5
59.7
87.8
70.2
111.1
125.3
103.4
73.6
147.2
37.3

104.0
118.3
62.5
87.4
70.0
109.9
124.7
102.7
73.1
148.1
36.7

104.4
119.9
62.3
87.7
68.8
110.7
125.6
102.8
73.9
148.9
36.1

104.0
119.3
59.9
86.9
68.5
110.5
125.0
103.1
73.1
148.4
35.8

103.5
119.1
60.2
85.5
68.1
109.2
125.3
102.8
75.1
147.0
34.9

102.6
117.6
59.0
84.5
66.3
109.1
125.4
102.6
72.2
146.8
35.4

154.0

154.5

155.0

155.9

156.0

156.9

157.0

156.7

157.0

158.2

158.2

159.1

159.1

Transportation and public utilities

127.5

131.2

130.9

131.1

131.0

131.5

131.1

130.9

130.2

131.5

130.5

131.4

132.4

Wholesale trade

126.4

126.4

126.7

127.2

126.9

128.0

128.2

127.6

127.9

128.8

127.9

128.8

128.6

Retail trade

138.4

138.1

138.9

139.4

139.2

139.8

139.9

139.3

139.8

141.1

140.7

141.9

141.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate

129.8

129.3

130.2

131.5

130.9

132.5

133.4

133.6

134.2

134.9

134.8

136.0

136.2

Services

187.9

188.4

189.0

190.3

191.0

192.1

192.0

191.9

192.3

193.7

194.5

195.0

195.3

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

Service-producing

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.




P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

Millions of hours (annual rate)^

Percent change

industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

June 1998
to
July 1998'

July 1998
To
Aug.1998P

July
1998^

Aug.
1998P

230,093

230,968

232,076

2.5

0.4

0.5

192,996

193,737

194,145

2.7

.4

.2

1,313
11,873
40,780
24,489
16,291
13,503
13,549
33,852
13,796
64,330

1,327
12,163
40,305
24,060
16,245
13,516
13,628
34,115
13,950
64,733

1,300
12,165
40,505
24,341
16,165
13,611
13,650
34,022
13,989
64,903

-7.1
5.8
-.4
-.3
-.7
3.4
2.5
2.3
4.3
4.1

1.1
2.4
-1.2
-1.8
-.3
.1
.6
.8
1.1
.6

-2.0
.0
.5
1.2
-.5
.7
.2
-.3
.3
.3

37,098

37,231

37,931

1.6

.4

1.9

^ Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
P = preliminary.
^ = revised.
NOTE:
Data
refer
to
hours of
all employees—production
workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based




Aug. 1997
to
Aug. 1998P

June
1998^

largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS
Bulletin 2490, chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and
Major Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202-606-5606).
Historical data for this series also are available on the Internet at the
following address: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/opt/tableb10

1997

1998

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

Aug.P

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)^
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$12.34 $12.37 $12.43 $12.47 $12.50 $12.54 $12.59 $12.63 $12.70 $12.73 $12.76 $12.79 $12.86
13.95

13.98

14.05

14.10

14.15

14.16

14.21

14.25

14.25

14.27

14.28

14.31

14.41

16.16
16.06
13.20
12.49

16.24
16.10
13.22
12.50

16.37
16.17
13.30
12.58

16.48
16.24
13.34
12.61

16.46
16.34
13.37
12.63

16.47
16.27
13.38
12.66

16.76
16.34
13.42
12.69

16.82
16.40
13.46
12.73

16.72
16.45
13.44
12.76

16.77
16.46
13.47
12.78

16.73
16.51
13.46
12.76

16.84
16.64
13.43
12.72

17.09
16.69
13.54
12.84

11.80

11.83

11.88

11.93

11.95

12.00

12.06

12.10

12.19

12.23

12.26

12.30

12.36

15.02
13.56
8.37
13.51
12.35

15.01
13.54
8.42
13.53
12.38

15.05
13.63
8.46
13.60
12.43

15.10
13.72
8.49
13.65
12.48

15.16
13.71
8.51
13.66
12.50

15.21
13.75
8.56
13.72
12.54

15.25
13.81
8.59
13.83
12.60

15.27
13.84
8.64
13.85
12.65

15.32
13.88
8.70
14.00
12.76

15.31
14.00
8.72
14.03
12.81

15.29
13.98
8.73
14.07
12.87

15.36
14.07
8.78
14.09
12.90

15.34
14.15
8.82
14.19
12.96

7.58
8.56
7.24

7.58
8.56
7.24

7.60
8.59
7.26

7.62
8.61
7.29

7.63
8.64
7.30

7.66
8.64
7.33

7.69
8.68
7.36

7.72
8.70
7.39

7.74
8.68
7.43

7.73
8.67
7.43

7.75
8.67
7.44

7.75
8.67
7.45

(4)
(4)
(4)

Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)

428.20 428.00 430.08 432.71 433.75 436.39 436.87 437.00 438.15 441.73 441.50 442.53 444.96

Goods-producing

576.14 577.37 580.27 580.92 585.81 589.06 588.29 584.25 581.40 586.50 585.48 588.14 592.25

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

736.90 732.42 739.92 744.90 739.05 747.74 744.14 736.72 737.35 747.94 732.77 756.12 751.96
623.13 629.51 629.01 620.37 637.26 647.55 640.53 631.40 636.62 635.36 633.98 652.29 652.58
553.08 553.92 558.60 561.61 564.21 563.30 563.64 562.63 556.42 563.05 562.63 560.03 564.62

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)^
Goods-producing
Service-producing

388.22 388.02 390.85 392.50 393.16 396.00 397.98 396.88 401.05 403.59 403.35 405.90 406.64
602.30
520.70
242.73
(5)
403.85

598.90
519.94
243.34
(5)
403.59

598.99
523.39
245.34
(5)
405.22

602.49
528.22
246.21
(5)
408.10

608.40
529.38
248.24
(5)
411.31

608.48
531.69
249.11
(5)
412.02

607.75
530.07
249.70
(5)
412.39

606.67
531.60
252.30
(5)
415.98

609.34
539.00
253.75
(5)
418.89

603.96
534.04
253.17
(5)
420.85

608.26
540.29
255.50
(5)
421.83

262.86 262.09 262.89 264.33 264.80 266.42 266.71 266.95 267.00 268.37 268.06 268.20
353.68 353.56 354.69 354.87 357.64 359.62 359.15 356.90 354.30 356.32 355.48 356.45
238.32 237.61 238.91 239.77 240.02 241.76 242.97 242.44 244.39 245.19 244.90 246.00

^ Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
2 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and
one-half.
3 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wager Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




604.88
525.09
245.94
(5)
408.75

607.46
543.36
255.78
(5)
423.79
(4)
(4)
(4)

4 Not available.
5 This series is not computed because the average weekly hours'
component is not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1994 forward are subject to revision.

B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers^

All employees
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

Total

122,660 122,711 126,873 125,795 125,998

Total private

104,125 104,292 106,982 106,994 107,308

Mining

603

602

585

583

July
1997
-

Aug.
1997

June
1998

-

-

-

July
1998P

-

85,480

85,568

87,669

87,659

87,882

581

457

456

445

444

441

51.4

42.3
7.0
12.2

41.9
7.2
12.1

39.4
7.2
11.3

39.2
7.1
11.2

-

78.7
73.8

78.1
73.3

74.4
69.5

73.6
68.6

-

250.3
82.9
163.2

250.8
83.0
163.6

245.7
81.0
160.3

245.5
80.9
160.2

-

85.5
33.8

85.6
33.8

85.0
33.3

85.3
33.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

55.1
8.5
16.2

54.8
8.7
16.1

51.7
8.7
15.1

51.4
8.6
15.1

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

96.0
90.2

95.5
89.9

91.2
85.5

89.4
83.7

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

339.9
143.7
191.0

340.0
143.2
191.6

331.0
136.8
189.1

330.6
136.7
189.0

328.5

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

14
142
144
147

112.1
43.1
38.2
11.7

112.0
42.9
38.3
11.7

111.4
42.6
37.9
11.7

111.8
42.8
38.5
11.5

112.1

6.005

6,039

6,175

6,301

6,335

4,706

4,740

4,812

4,929

983.5
492.8
11.6
479.1

986.8
495.1
11.5
480.2

1,018.4
522.1
11.6
484.7

1,043.2
531.5
12.0
499.7

721.1
240.2
480.9

731.1
243.2
487.9

742.3
238.6
503.7

757.4
248.7
508.7

3,001.0
609.9
185.5
555.7
423.3
207.7
209.4

3,022.2
608.8
186.7
561.1
427.9
208.6
211.7

3,051.6
607.5
183.3
574.4
447.2
207.0
206.1

3,128.8
622.8
188.8
588.4
458.3
217.3
216.1

Construction

-

88.5
-

—

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

1,377.7
715.6
28.0
634.1

1,379.9
716.5
28.0
635.4

1,442.2
762.5
29.0
650.7

1,471.3
774.1
29.9
667.3

1,473.9

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

855.6
286.0
569.6

865.8
289.2
576.6

878.3
285.8
592.5

895.3
296.0
599.3

904.5

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

3,854.0 3,934.7
826.4
841.5
224.1
218.4
726.4
742.1
526.9
515.5
283.6
272.5
267.9
257.7

3,956.1

Durable goods

3,771.5 3,793.4
818.0
818.9
221.8
220.1
705.7
700.1
489.4
494.3
267.6
268.3
259.4
261.3

—

-

—

-

-

-

-

4,956
—
—

—

18,596

18,796

18,872

18,552

18,780

12,810

13,005

13,014

12,698

12,916

10,934

11,046

11,205

10,931

11,105

7,472

7,579

7,681

7,417

7,579

660.9
67.6
160.2
127.3
31.3
239.6
92.1
66.3
23.5
27.5
46.5
75.0
58.7
72.0

667.2
69.2
161.1
127.0
32.5
240.3
91.4
66.6
24.4
27.2
46.7
76.9
60.8
73.0

667.7
62.7
158.6
124.2
32.7
249.0
95.5
69.9
24.8
26.5
45.5
78.2
62.2
73.7

670.8
65.2
158.1
124.3
32.1
250.7
96.8
70.2
23.9
26.8
45.3
78.5
62.6
73.0

674.6

397.5
226.8
106.8
71.3
13.5
25.5

404.0
229.5
107.2
72.3
14.1
26.0

418.8
238.8
109.3
75.7
16.5
27.3

412.4
233.5
107.8
74.5
14.1
27.2

415.6

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

802.8
84.6
183.3
146.2
35.3
298.4
119.7
82.0
27.8
29.7
54.3
93.5
69.9
88.7

809.5
86.0
184.8
146.2
36.7
299.1
119.1
82.2
28.6
29.5
54.4
95.6
72.1
89.6

811.3
79.6
181.8
143.0
36.8
308.7
122.7
86.1
29.2
29.1
53.2
97.7
74.2
90.3

814.1
81.5
181.2
143.0
36.2
310.9
124.2
86.4
28.3
29.2
53.1
97.9
74.5
89.5

818.6

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

502.2
269.2
123.0
84.6
16.8
33.2

508.1
272.3
123.5
85.9
17.4
33.7

526.3
282.6
126.6
89.2
19.8
35.2

519.2
276.7
124.6
87.7
17.4
35.3

522.4




Aug.
1998P

—
-

-

—
—

-

(in thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers^

All employees
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

252
253
254
259

63.7
41.4
87.9
40.0

64.1
43.6
88.4
39.7

66.8
45.8
89.9
41.2

66.5
44.3
90.2
41.5

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

561.0
16.6
71.0
26.1
44.9
61.7
17.9
34.2
39.5
226.2
19.1
74.6
114.6
79.1
20.1
2.5
24.4

564.0
16.8
72.1
25.9
46.2
63.8
17.7
34.5
39.1
226.1
19.0
74.9
114.3
78.9
20.1
2.5
24.3

573.2
16.7
71.7
25.9
45.8
63.8
18.1
33.5
38.3
230.7
18.7
76.0
117.9
81.0
20.8
2.6
24.9

570.0
15.8
70.5
25.7
44.8
62.7
18.2
33.3
37.4
232.4
19.2
76.7
118.2
80.5
20.6
2.6
24.9

575.2

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

702.4
234.8
163.0
27.8
127.7
77.8
4.7
27.1
39.4
22.2
166.9
22.0
21.5
71.6
87.8
24.1

710.5
234.8
162.7
27.9
130.8
81.0
4.7
26.9
39.5
22.3
168.3
22.3
21.2
72.5
91.2
25.2

718.9
236.0
162.4
29.1
133.1
81.0
4.8
28.7
38.9
22.4
169.4
22.2
21.1
72.8
93.5
26.3

696.9
234.1
160.9
29.2
126.7
76.1
4.2
27.7
38.8
22.4
164.4
22.0
21.0
68.2
85.3
23.9

713.2
234.0

1,457.4
38.0
30.5
123.0
42.2
68.1
57.7
23.4
20.3
452.0
77.9
79.4
100.4
121.1
30.6
102.4
52.8
49.6
244.3
31.6
105.3
94.6

1,478.2
38.0
30.4
125.4
43.0
69.3
57.9
23.3
20.8
453.8
78.5
79.5
100.7
121.7
30.5
104.3
54.2
50.1
254.5
32.3
112.4
96.8

1,497.0
37.1
29.7
126.9
43.5
70.3
59.3
24.6
20.3
458.2
80.1
79.9
100.0
122.9
31.8
108.5
56.8
51.7
256.2
33.8
112.1
96.8

1,463.3
36.6
29.4
123.9
42.4
68.5
59.1
24.3
20.5
457.1
80.6
80.0
98.2
123.0
31.9
105.8
55.0
50.8
238.2
33.4
95.6
95.8

1,483.0

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nec
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
3451
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
3452
346
Metal forging s and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
3462
Automotive stampings
3465
3469
Metal stampings, nec




-

-

-

-

_
-

-

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

47.1
32.3
65.1
26.2

47.4
34.5
66.4
26.2

49.0
35.9
67.2
27.9

48.7
34.5
67.4
28.3

438.4
13.2
58.9
23.4
35.5
47.8
13.8
26.8
31.2
174.8
12.3
56.8
91.5
61.0
16.1
2.1

441.5
13.5
60.0
23.3
36.7
50.0
13.6
26.7
30.8
175.0
12.4
57.1
91.4
60.8
16.0
2.1

448.2
13.4
58.8
22.9
35.9
49.2
13.7
26.0
29.9
178.9
11.9
58.5
94.2
62.9
16.6
2.2

445.0
12.2
57.9
22.8
35.1
47.9
13.8
25.8
29.1
180.5
12.3
59.4
94.4
62.6
16.5
2.2

-

-

-

-

Aug.
1998P

-

450.5
-

547.1
180.9
126.7
20.9
104.4
64.3
3.6
22.1
30.2
17.8
127.5
17.2
15.9
54.3
70.6
19.5

555.6
181.0
126.5
21.0
107.4
67.4
3.6
22.0
30.3
17.9
128.9
17.5
15.7
55.2
74.3
20.7

563.6
182.9
126.9
22.0
109.0
66.8
3.7
23.6
30.3
18.3
129.9
18.0
15.7
54.9
75.6
21.5

543.0
181.3
125.7
22.0
102.9
62.4
3.0
22.6
30.3
18.3
124.7
17.8
15.7
50.0
68.3
19.3

558.2
181.3

1,094.6
32.6
26.5
93.2
32.5
51.4
41.0
16.7
13.7
331.3
57.3
59.0
72.2
92.9
22.0
80.2
42.9
37.3
192.8
24.1
85.5
73.7

1,115.0
32.3
26.2
95.6
33.3
52.6
41.3
16.8
14.2
332.9
57.6
59.1
72.4
93.5
22.1
81.7
43.9
37.8
202.9
24.7
92.9
75.6

1,128.6
31.3
25.6
97.5
33.8
53.8
41.9
17.9
13.2
335.3
58.5
58.6
72.2
94.4
23.3
85.0
46.3
38.7
201.8
25.9
91.5
74.1

1,097.3
31.1
25.5
94.5
32.7
51.9
41.8
17.6
13.3
334.8
58.8
59.4
71.1
94.3
23.4
82.6
44.7
37.9
184.7
25.5
75.7
73.3

1,115.6

-

-

_
-

_
—

(In thousands)
1987
SIC
nnrift
ouue

Industry

All employees

Production workers^

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

136.8
83.7
53.1
42.6
22.7
260.6
25.8
56.0

139.0
85.0
54.0
42.5
22.7
262.8
25.7
57.2

142.4
86.2
56.2
40.5
21.4
267.9
25.2
57.5

136.3
83.4
52.9
40.0
21.3
266.3
25.1
56.9

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Soeed chancers drives and aears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec....

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564

2,159.5
80.2
24.2
56.0
102.6
77.6
244.9
90.0
17.2
47.1
40.6
31.2
346.2
42.2
17.9
164.5
52.9
21.5
179.1
14.6
22.6
25.2
260.8
30.5
39.0
26.2
35.1
17.7
21.8
379.3
197.1

2,166.1
82.7
24.3
58.4
102.0
77.5
244.0
88.3
17.1
47.8
40.8
31.3
347.7
41.8
17.9
166.1
53.1
21.4
180.2
14.7
22.5
25.0
263.0
30.9
39.9
26.4
35.3
17.9
21.8
380.6
197.5

2,213.5
83.2
23.3
59.9
105.6
79.4
256.2
93.4
16.8
51.9
42.3
32.2
352.0
42.7
18.3
168.7
54.4
20.7
184.5
15.4
23.6
24.8
267.6
30.7
41.3
27.0
35.8
18.5
22.5
377.2
196.7

2,185.1
79.8
23.0
56.8
98.7
77.1
255.9
93.1
16.8
51.5
42.2
32.6
348.5
42.5
17.9
166.6
53.9
20.7
182.6
15.0
23.4
24.7
265.7
30.3
40.6
26.9
36.0
18.4
22.2
375.7
195.9

61.5
201.1
139.1
365.3
23.1
295.1

61.8
199.3
137.3
366.6
22.8
296.5

62.5
207.1
143.1
380.1
23.6
307.3

61.8
202.4
138.4
375.8
23.1
303.4

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundrv eauioment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

1,683.6
82.0
38.5
43.5
153.6
75.6
57.9
112.6
22.7
16.4
25.9

1,693.2
82.2
38.7
43.5
151.8
74.7
56.9
113.7
22.5
17.1
26.7

1,716.3
83.5
39.1
44.4
154.9
77.0
57.0
115.0
23.5
17.7
25.8

1,694.8
83.3
38.8
44.5
151.8
74.6
56.5
111.7
23.5
17.5
24.5

Durable goods-—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products




. .

3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

-

2,179.6
-

_
-

_
_

372.8
-

-

1,692.9
-

_
-

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

109.9
68.0
41.9
22.5
9.6
191.1
19.0
42.3

112.2
69.5
42.7
22.9
9.9
193.2
19.2
43.0

115.4
70.5
44.9
23.1
9.8
197.3
18.4
43.3

109.7
68.2
41.5
22.8
9.7
195.3
18.3
42.8

1,353.4
50.5
13.4
37.1
73.9
55.9
159.2
61.6
10.2
31.6
22.8
21.5
245.4
26.3
11.3
125.3
37.1
15.0
99.0
9.8
12.8
14.8
165.1
17.2
30.1
15.2
23.6
12.6
15.1
142.3
65.0

1,359.5
52.2
13.4
38.8
73.5
55.9
158.7
60.2
10.2
32.4
22.9
21.6
247.9
26.2
11.3
127.2
37.4
15.0
99.3
9.8
12.8
14.6
167.6
17.7
31.1
15.3
23.8
12.9
15.2
143.0
65.5

1,399.6
52.5
13.0
39.5
76.2
57.4
167.2
63.9
9.9
35.1
23.1
22.4
251.2
26.8
11.4
128.8
38.9
14.7
99.2
10.0
13.3
14.8
170.9
18.0
31.9
15.3
24.5
13.4
15.8
146.2
70.8

1,370.8
49.8
12.9
36.9
69.4
54.8
166.5
63.6
9.8
34.7
22.9
22.6
247.7
26.8
11.2
126.2
38.6
14.7
97.8
9.7
13.2
14.7
168.1
17.5
31.0
15.1
24.6
13.3
15.6
144.2
70.7

24.9
144.6
106.1
273.4
18.2
226.0

25.3
142.4
103.5
274.9
18.2
227.4

24.7
150.2
109.7
286.0
19.0
236.2

23.4
145.9
105.2
281.4
18.5
232.2

1,058.0
55.9
27.1
28.8
106.6
58.5
33.6
87.4
16.8
12.8
19.6

1,069.4
55.8
26.8
29.0
105.5
57.9
32.9
88.7
17.1
13.5
2O!3

1,075.6
55.7
25.8
29.9
107.9
59.7
33.2
91.1
18.6
14.2
19!2

1,053.1
54.9
25.1
29.8
105.1
57.5
32.7
87.7
18.7
14.1
17J

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

-

_

-

_
-

1,368.6

_
-

-

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
-

_
_
-

-

1,055.4
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
uooe

Production workers^

All employees
Aug.
1997

June
1998

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

178.5
21.6
61.8
17.9
20.4
77.5
51.7
278.1
119.9
656.5
22.2
282.3
146.1
144.8
26.0
61.9

180.2
21.8
62.0
18.0
21.1
78.1
52.3
277.6
120.3
661.1
22.5
284.5
146.8
148.5
26.9
64.8

183.6
21.0
64.6
18.0
21.3
77.8
52.5
281.2
128.2
674.4
22.6
291.7
147.9
145.9
25.3
65.6

181.9
21.2
64.1
17.8
20.2
77.3
51.9
279.4
127.4
667.8
22.1
290.1
145.2
141.6
25.0
62.0

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment...
Motor vehicles and car bodies .
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories ,
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts ....
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec ....
Ship and boat building and repairing .
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

1,814.9
957.5
333.1
41.6
530.2
32.9
503.0
264.2
100.4
138.4
155.6
98.5
57.1
32.9
90.8
62.8
52.3
21.7

1,858.5
997.1
361.3
41.4
540.9
33.8
506.7
266.1
100.6
140.0
154.5
97.6
56.9
32.9
90.8
62.9
53.2
22.0

1,892.0
1,002.0
354.7
42.9
545.1
38.5
523.7
273.9
103.9
145.9
163.4
101.6
61.8
34.4
90.4
62.8
55.4
23.5

1,741.9
852.4
274.1
40.9
479.6
37.4
524.0
273.1
104.8
146.1
163.3
101.0
62.3
34.3
89.8
62.6
55.2
23.6

1,873.3
988.2

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment ...
Measuring and controlling devices ..
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity .
Medical instruments and supplies ...
Surgical and medical instruments ..
Surgical appliances and supplies ..
Ophthalmic goods.
Photographic equipment and supplies ....
Watches, docks, watchcases, and parts .

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

865.0
161.7
299.3
40.8
65.9
76.2
276.3
108.5
94.5
34.9
85.0
7.8

865.9
161.3
300.1
41.8
65.7
75.9
276.9
108.9
94.5
35.5
84.2
7.9

866.6
161.4
302.6
40.7
66.3
77.7
280.4
109.7
97.6
37.1
77.5
7.6

861.5
160.4
301.8
40.2
65.7
77.8
279.4
109.2
96.9
36.8
76.7
6.4

860.2

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

385.2
47.5
35.7
15.5
107.7
36.1
71.6
31.1
23.0
12.9
160.4
69.3

391.8
48.7
36.4
16.0
108.7
37.5
71.2
31.0
24.1
13.9
163.3
69.4

389.4
48.6
36.5
16.6
104.2
33.8
70.4
31.3
23.3
13.1
165.4
73.3

384.6
48.2
36.4
16.5
101.2
33.2
68.0
31.0
22.6
12.6
165.1
73.7

386.8

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential ing fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

-

662.3
-

-

522.7
-

_
-

-

—

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

127.2
16.7
40.6
13.5
14.8
49.6
30.0
131.5
58.8
397.0
15.9
129.6
99.3
102.8
19.8
48.1

128.9
16.9
40.9
13.6
15.6
50.3
30.7
131.3
58.9
402.2
16.3
131.8
100.2
106.7
20.7
50.9

130.5
16.1
42.1
13.4
16.1
50.2
31.1
129.5
59.1
406.7
16.4
131.3
102.0
104.0
19.5
50.0

129.0
16.4
41.7
13.4
15.0
49.2
30.2
126.5
57.5
399.5
15.9
129.9
99.1
101.2
19.2
48.2

1,228.2
754.6
256.8
32.9
422.1
26.4
252.1
110.7
53.7
87.7
117.2
69.6
47.6
24.7
24.3
15.3
38.3
18.2

1,265.7
789.7
281.3
33.0
431.8
27.4
255.6
112.4
54.1
89.1
115.9
68.5
47.4
24.5
24.2
15.3
38.6
18.4

1,273.8
777.3
263.2
34.0
431.9
31.0
264.6
115.6
54.4
94.6
124.3
72.8
51.5
25.7
24.4
15.4
41.2
19.9

1,127.0
632.4
189.3
32.2
363.7
30.1
263.5
115.2
53.8
94.5
124.3
72.8
51.5
25.0
24.1
15.3
41.0
20.0

1,241.4
750.3

424.3
43.7
152.5
27.3
33.6
32.3
160.6
68.2
58.1
21.0
40.1
6.4

425.4
43.2
153.4
28.2
33.6
32.2
160.3
68.6
57.8
21.9
40.0
6.6

433.1
43.5
155.1
27.8
33.9
32.4
166.5
70.9
60.8
25.6
36.1
6.3

430.0
43.6
153.9
27.4
33.6
31.9
166.2
70.7
60.1
25.6
35.5
5.2

430.2

269.1
32.5
24.0
11.8
74.3
23.7
50.6
21.0
15.8
8.7
113.7
45.5

275.2
33.5
24.7
12.7
74.5
24.9
49.6
21.1
16.9
9.7
116.5
45.6

272.1
33.5
24.7
13.1
71.0
21.3
49.7
21.8
16.6
9.6
116.1
47.8

267.4
32.9
24.3
13.0
68.0
20.7
47.3
21.8
16.0
9.1
115.7
48.0

269.2

-

-

-

-

_
—

(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

All employees

Production workers^

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

7,662
1,715.5
489.8
148.7
96.2
244.9
144.2
40.8
61.7
252.8
17.9
89.4
52.1
124.4
19.0
38.9
206.4
147.1

7,750
1,758.4
490.6
149.3
96.8
244.5
144.1
40.6
62.0
286.8
19.7
115.5
57.1
125.3
19.1
39.8
206.7
147.2

7,667
1,703.9
499.4
153.8
99.7
245.9
145.0
40.6
62.1
227.6
18.1
64.5
52.1
124.8
19.2
39.9
208.7
151.5

7,621
1,728.0
501.7
154.0
100.3
247.4
144.6
40.7
61.7
246.0
17.7
78.4
53.9
123.9
19.4
39.9
208.0
152.1

7,675
1,766.2

5,338
1,275.1
415.6
123.5
74.4
217.7
95.7
33.4
35.1
214.8
13.9
76.7
45.5
88.8
11.7
25.0
138.6
89.4

5,426
1,318.7
416.2
124.5
74.9
216.8
95.9
33.2
35.3
249.5
15.9
102.9
50.9
89.4
11.8
25.7
139.4
89.6

5,333
1,262.9
423.9
127.6
78.1
218.2
98.8
32.8
36.4
191.3
14.2
53.1
45.5
88.0
11.6
25.4
141.4
92.9

5,281
1,280.9
423.7
127.6
78.4
217.7
98.7
33.1
36.1
207.9
13.8
65.7
47.0
87.1
11.7
25.5
140.3
93.0

5,337
1,318.3

59.3
89.0
2.5
4.4
6.7
50.0
33.3
184.6
34.3
97.1
191.0

59.5
95.7
4.3
4.3
6.7
54.4
33.9
184.7
34.3
96.3
190.6

57.2
93.0
4.6
4.1
7.1
51.8
34.6
185.5
34.0
97.9
185.3

55.9
92.7
3.4
4.1
7.1
52.3
35.1
186.6
34.0
98.4
189.4

-

49.2
68.9
1.8
3.3
5.7
39.4
22.7
89.2
21.9
40.3
140.8

49.8
75.3
3.1
3.2
5.7
44.0
23.4
89.9
21.9
39.9
139.7

48.5
71.6
3.3
3.0
6.0
40.3
23.0
90.6
21.4
40.9
134.3

47.3
71.2
2.3
3.1
6.0
40.4
23.6
89.9
21.3
40.1
138.5

-

28.1
21.0

30.9
20.6

27.3
20.0

27.0
20.1

517.5
63.8
52.9
12.1
17.0
148.6
17.3
33.5
44.6
14.9
20.6
53.2
25.0
16.1
52.1
75.6
55.2
14.1
42.2

521.4
64.0
53.8
11.8
17.9
148.4
17.2
33.6
44.2
14.3
21.1
53.9
25.0
16.7
52.9
75.9
55.7
13.9
42.8

512.4
62.4
55.1
11.2
17.2
140.3
15.2
32.3
42.3
11.5
21.9
52.1
23.5
16.1
55.7
75.8
56.0
13.9
42.6

498.7
59.9
53.6
10.3
16.3
138.1
14.9
32.2
41.9
11.2
21.2
50.2
22.7
15.3
53.5
75.0
55.3
13.9
41.8

498.5

655.8
22.4
172.2
37.0
59.4
24.4
196.0
17.8
30.5
19.5
128.2

671.4
23.3
174.1
36.5
59.9
26.2
204.2
17.8
31.5
20.8
134.1

630.1
22.9
161.1
33.9
57.0
25.0
185.2
15.7
29.5
18.7
121.3

607.9
22.3
154.8
33.2
55.4
24.2
181.4
15.4
28.7
18.8
118.5

607.8

-

_
-

-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

38.0
28.3

40.7
28.0

36.7
26.9

36.5
27.1

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

611.6
71.7
63.1
14.3
20.6
173.3
19.7
38.4
52.1
16.7
24.8
65.6
30.9
20.3
63.2
85.7
62.2
16.5
54.1

616.2
71.8
64.3
14.0
21.6
173.6
19.6
38.6
51.7
16.4
25.3
66.4
31.0
20.9
63.9
85.9
62.7
16.2
54.7

603.0
69.8
64.8
13.3
20.9
164.1
17.4
37.0
49.3
13.0
25.7
63.5
28.7
20.1
66.5
85.4
62.3
16.4
54.7

590.3
67.1
63.2
12.8
20.0
162.1
17.2
36.8
49.1
12.6
25.0
61.1
27.7
18.9
65.2
84.8
61.9
16.4
54.0

590.3

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work dothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outenwear, nec

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

806.4
27.7
203.1
42.6
69.2
28.8
243.9
22.9
39.1
25.1
156.8

824.5
28.9
206.5
42.9
69.6
30.5
252.2
23.0
39.7
26.7
162.8

783.1
28.4
190.5
39.0
65.6
28.9
235.1
20.4
37.9
24.4
152.4

759.1
27.6
183.5
38.3
64.0
28.2
230.4
20.1
36.9
24.6
148.8

760.1




39.7

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

—

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
-

30.8
-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

-

_
-

_
_
_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers'"

All employees
July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

34.5
25.0
9.5
30.3
12.4
32.6
216.9
19.9
54.5
60.6

35.0
25.4
9.6
30.5
12.4
34.5
219.5
20.0
55.7
60.7

32.3
23.4
8.9
26.8
10.0
33.1
220.1
18.8
55.9
61.4

31.2
22.4
8.8
26.3
10.0
32.2
211.7
17.8
55.0
56.5

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

687.1
161.2
50.5
218.9
132.7
17.5
46.9
244.7
47.6
39.8
25.0

688.6
160.5
50.4
220.8
133.1
17.4
47.6
245.1
47.7
40.4
25.2

687.4
157.2
50.3
219.2
132.8
17.0
46.9
249.0
48.9
40.1
25.3

682.7
156.5
50.2
216.6
131.3
17.0
46.1
247.5
48.7
39.8
25.2

682.7

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

1,555.9
442.5
137.2
128.7
90.5
38.2
89.2
570.4
369.9
180.9
42.7
67.0
49.7

1,554.7
442.5
136.9
127.2
88.9
38.3
88.8
571.4
371.0
180.8
42.7
67.1
49.6

1,572.2
444.8
139.9
128.7
89.9
38.8
91.6
579.5
378.3
182.2
42.6
66.6
49.7

1,570.8
444.4
140.8
129.1
89.8
39.3
92.2
576.5
376.4
181.0
42.5
66.6
49.3

1,567.7

1,035.8
117.3
71.0
158.1
80.6
44.8
268.7
211.6
155.7
42.1
39.1
74.5
52.4
138.8
23.2
113.1
50.9
93.9

1,037.0
117.0
70.7
158.5
80.7
45.1
268.3
211.5
157.8
42.2
39.1
76.5
52.3
138.3
23.1
112.7
50.4
94.4

1,043.7
117.0
70.4
155.6
81.1
44.1
275.4
218.5
157.3
41.7
41.3
74.3
52.8
138.5
23.4
112.6
51.7
95.4

1,043.3
116.6
70.3
154.4
81.2
42.9
276.3
219.4
158.6
41.7
41.6
75.3
53.1
138.9
23.3
113.1
51.0
94.4

1,042.6

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
2819
Plastics materials and synthetics
282
Plastics materials and resins
2821
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
2824
Drugs
283
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
284
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .... 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
286
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2865
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
2869
Agricultural chemicals
287
Miscellaneous chemical products
289

-

-

-

-

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

142.7
97.4
31.1

142.8
97.5
31.0

139.2
94.7
29.8

138.9
93.9
30.4

138.6

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

982.5
76.9
6.6
69.4
28.0
109.2
720.4

997.7
77.2
6.3
69.8
28.0
111.3
733.1

1,014.0
81.0
6.7
72.5
29.7
112.2
741.6

992.0
81.3
5.5
71.6
29.3
108.8
724.8

1,006.5




_

-

—

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

27.1
20.2
6.9
24.8
10.5
25.8
173.7
15.6
46.3
48.0

27.7
20.6
7.1
25.0
10.5
27.8
175.7
15.7
47.4
47.7

25.1
18.5
6.6
22.0
8.7
26.5
174.0
14.6
46.8
47.6

24.0
17.3
6.7
21.3
8.6
25.6
165.7
13.7
46.1
42.7

524.0
125.8
38.7
169.3
99.2
15.6
37.9
180.7
24.9
31.3
19.5

525.3
125.2
38.9
171.1
99.7
15.6
38.3
180.7
24.6
31.8
19.7

523.8
123.2
38.7
169.9
99.4
15.3
37.9
182.6
25.2
31.5
19.5

519.3
122.6
38.5
167.6
98.0
15.3
37.2
181.1
25.0
31.2
19.4

520.7

849.2
147.7
46.7
68.1
37.9
30.2
41.5
407.8
263.3
129.1
29.9
51.6
33.9

848.3
147.7
47.3
65.4
35.1
30.3
40.9
409.5
265.1
128.7
30.1
51.6
33.8

847.5
147.6
44.5
64.0
33.4
30.6
43.2
412.7
269.3
128.8
29.7
50.8
33.4

844.9
146.5
44.8
63.3
32.3
31.0
44.1
410.1
267.5
127.8
29.5
51.0
33.3

843.9

570.2
56.5
35.3
105.2
50.3
34.7
119.8
96.5
95.5
22.5
21.8
51.2
28.0
78.0
13.9
62.2
30.8
56.4

573.2
57.6
35.4
105.3
50.2
35.0
119.6
96.3
97.2
22.6
21.6
53.0
27.9
78.1
14.0
62.2
30.4
57.1

586.8
62.4
35.8
103.0
49.8
34.9
125.8
101.9
97.7
22.7
23.4
51.6
27.9
80.8
14.2
64.8
31.2
58.0

584.5
62.6
36.0
101.9
49.7
33.7
125.5
101.7
98.4
22.5
23.8
52.1
28.0
80.5
14.1
64.6
30.7
56.9

583.6

94.8
63.5
23.7

95.0
63.9
23.5

92.0
61.6
22.4

92.2
61.2
23.1

758.6
56.5
5.1
53.2
21.7
83.0
560.8

773.5
57.4
4.7
53.4
21.8
84.8
573.2

786.8
59.8
5.2
55.8
23.1
85.9
580.1

765.4
59.8
3.7
54.5
22.7
82.6
564.8

-

-

-

_
-

-

_
_
-

_
-

_
-

92.4

_
-

779.8

_
_
_
_
-

(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods--Contlnued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

Production workers'*

All employees
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

80.8

86.0
11.5
38.7
21.2
10.9
10.1
9.4

89.5
12.5
40.4
21.4
11.3
10.4
9.4

83.3
12.9
35.6
19.3
9.3
9.9
9.2

79.5
11.9
33.8
18.4
8.6
9.4
9.0

6,395

6,255

6,572

6,545

6,564

4,090

3,946

4,218

4,187

4,205

-

Railroad transportation
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^

40
4011

230.0
204.9

226.7
201.6

233.2
206.1

234.4
207.1

235.6

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

390.3
230.5
30.2
20.9
76.5

391.8
230.2
30.1
21.1
78.4

459.0
238.6
31.2
22.7
131.2

403.9
237.8
31.3
22.6
78.6

401.3

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

1,685.5
1,526.2
154.1

1,702.1
1,541.6
155.2

1,722.9
1,561.2
156.7

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nec
Water transportation services

44
444
449

190.9
14.0
128.7

190.2
14.2
128.1

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

1,137.2
973.6
513.2
120

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
fs/lotor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings




50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

-

-

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

64.3
9.2
30.8
16.7
8.5
7.2
5.4

67.9
10.3
32.4
16.9
8.8
7.6
5.5

63.2
10.7
28.3
14.9
7.3
7.0
5.5

59.7
9.7
26.9
14.2
6.7
6.6
5.2

5,366

5,189

5,438

5,420

-

-

-

—

5,445

-

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

352.3
209.2

353.0
209.1

418.5
215.3
-

-

363.5
215.0

-

-

-

19.0

19.1

20.5

20.4

—

—

—

—

1,733.9
1,571.8
157.1

1,749.7

1,477.2
1,344.7
127.9

1,493.8
1,359.9
129.2

1,509.1
1,374.9
129.7

1,520.7
1,386.2
130.0

190.3
14.2
129.7

197.5
14.7
135.7

197.7

976.9
813.6
515.2
119

1,150.2
973.4
527.3
131

1,154.5
976.0
530.6
133

1,156.0

14.6

14.6

14.5

441.8
218.1
171.9
175.9

443.9
218.1
172.0
176.9

2,305

—

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

61.4
-

-

-

-

Aug.
1998P

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

114.6

114.0

114.5

120.5

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

14.6

14.5

12.0

12.0

11.8

11.9

-

447.7
217.2
173.0
181.2

447.9
217.9
173.5
181.9

450.6

360.7
182.5
144.3
138.5

361.4
183.0
144.6
137.3

364.5
182.6
145.7
140.8

365.8
183.4
146.3
142.4

2,309

2,354

2,358

2,359

1,431.3
983.9
832.3
241.6
113.8
127.8
174.3

1,439.9
990.5
835.1
241.2
113.9
127.3
176.0

1,493.6
1,029.5
867.2
246.8
117.7
129.1
184.3

1,495.5
1,029.5
867.3
245.0
116.9
128.1
187.5

1,499.3

874.0
372.1
144.2
160.8
163.5

869.0
369.7
143.1
160.2
162.7

860.8
367.1
141.2
156.4
162.9

862.6
368.2
142.0
155.8
163.2

859.9

6,698

6,700

6,864

6.875

3,966
517.9
144.5
294.4
156.6
75.1
81.5

3,975
519.1
146.0
294.1
158.2
75.6
82.6

4,093
522.6
148.7
293.6
163.5
80.0
83.5

4,101
524.5
150.5
293.7
164.0
80.1
83.9

-

-

-

1,103.9
742.5
619.3
201.1
-

-

1,103.9
740.9
614.3
200.6
-

-

1,081.6
714.0
594.2
202.8
-

-

1,089.6
721.4
600.5
201.0

695.8
297.4
111.8
125.0
135.2

692.8
296.2
110.8
124.6
134.8

690.1
297.2
110.0
122.3
134.4

692.1
297.5
110.4
122.8
134.7

6,868

5,403

5,403

5,505

5,515

4,096

3,157
423.4

3,164
423.5

3,229
415.8

3,234
417.1

-

-

-

124.7
-

-

126.0
-

-

130.0
-

-

-

153.6

-

-

-

150.9

-

—

-

147.3

-

-

-

146.0

—

-

—

—

5,500

_
-

-

-

-

-

130.2
-

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade-Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nec
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nec
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
code

Production workers^

All employees
Aug.
1998P

Aug.
1997

June
1998

216.5

216.3

225.5

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

Aug.
1997

June
1998

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

261.4
132.4
38.8
867.9
198.9
348.8
181.6
147.2
540.7
225.4
49.8
265.5
302.5
107.4
119.6
825.7
89.0
125.0
332.2
153.5
346.2
130.0

262.2
132.9
39.0
871.6
200.3
350.7
181.5
148.0
542.4
226.4
49.7
266.3
302.2
106.9
119.6
825.3
88.8
124.3
333.0
153.8
346.3
132.2

271.1
137.9
39.9
909.2
212.7
363.6
188.7
152.2
555.0
234.1
49.4
271.5
305.1
109.8
118.9
850.2
92.9
127.4
341.3
160.2
364.0
132.4

273.0
138.5
40.2
912.1
212.7
363.0
190.6
151.7
557.5
234.7
49.9
272.9
304.4
109.9
119.1
851.2
93.5
128.6
339.9
160.5
362.2
132.2

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,732
266.6
154.4
212.4
223.8
910.8
286.8
55.5
105.5
106.0
151.4
158.1
65.1
93.0
156.4
100.7
55.7
546.6
168.8

2,725
265.6
153.8
212.4
222.4
909.2
289.5
54.9
101.8
107.5
151.6
157.7
64.5
93.2
155.4
100.7
54.7
543.4
166.7

2,771
269.0
156.1
216.2
223.4
911.9
288.6
55.0
101.6
106.8
152.0
159.6
66.8
92.8
156.3
101.3
55.0
575.6
177.6

2,774
269.3
157.2
216.4
227.6
910.9
288.3
55.4
100.6
106.1
152.2
160.0
67.5
92.5
157.2
101.7
55.5
574.1
176.1

2,772

22,104

22,209

22,643

22,662

22,715

19,463

19,557

19,912

19,920

19,946

817.7
505.4
53.3
136.8
86.9

802.6
498.0
54.1
134.6
79.9

859.3
524.8
55.0
139.9
100.0

849.8
524.1
55.4
139.9
90.6

_

2,469.4
2,193.7
115.8
159.9

2,496.4
2,216.2
117.7
162.5

2,525.2
2,249.5
116.3
159.4

2,538.5
2,262.0
116.7
159.8

_

3,193.8
2,829.5

3,192.7
2,824.5

3,227.4
2,839.6

3,240.1
2,851.4

_
_

Retail trade

July
1998P

-

-

681.6

-

686.4

-

707.2

227.3
-

709.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

147.0
118.8
403.6

147.1
119.5
404.8

151.3
122.8
403.0

153.7
122.1
405.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

246.6

-

245.4

-

249.5

249.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

661.3

_

-

-

-

280.9
-

2,246
224.8
-

177.0
181.8
765.8

660.9

_

678.6
—

679.2
—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

281.0
-

2,239
223.5
-

176.6
180.5
765.1

--

296.2
—

2,276
225.7
-

181.5
180.8
767.5

294.2
-

2,281
225.8
-

181.7
186.0
766.6

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

85.2
111.2
131.2
-

127.3

86.9
111.3
130.7
-

126.2

86.2
111.5
131.7
-

127.1

85.6
111.5
132.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

52
521
523
525
526

975.9
593.7
68.5
165.6
103.4

961.8
587.3
69.3
163.2
96.3

1,023.7
616.5
70.6
169.6
117.4

1,013.6
615.8
70.8
169.1
107.8

1,000.1

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,658.7
2,337.5
136.1
185.1

2,688.3
2,361.6
138.9
187.8

2.724.2
2,401.6
137.1
185.5

2,735.3
2,411.7
137.1
186.5

2,760.1
2,433.7

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,523.5
3,097.3
48.2
15.0
209.6

3,520.8
3,090.7
48.0
15.7
211.5

3,558.0
3,105.4
48.9
14.1
228.4

3,571.8
3,118.2
49.1
15.0
226.2

3,572.3

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,339.7
1,054.8

2,343.2
1,056.2

2,371.9
1,065.4

2,383.5
1,069.7

2,385.2
1,069.3

-

-

-

—

438.1
—

464.4
—

-

-

128.2

-

441.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores




July
1997

July
1997

462.9
—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

182.7

184.2

198.1

196.2

-

1,958.2
885.4

1,960.9
887.1

1,970.0
893.9

1,978.3
898.3

-

(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

1987
SIC
Pnrlp
OUUo

553
554
559

Production workers^

All employees
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

400.8
678.6
10.0

402.6
680.1
10.0

411.9
681.0
9.8

July
1998P

414.1
685.9
9.9

Aug.
1998P

-

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family dothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

1,082.9
79.7
278.2
340.5
197.0

1,095.8
79.0
277.0
347.4
202.9

1,095.8
79.7
269.9
351.7
202.4

1,104.4
79.1
270.3
358.1
202.6

1,112.3

Fumiture and home fumishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

1,000.2
514.7
301.5
71.2
414.3
181.9
77.4

1,003.5
514.6
300.7
71.1
417.8
183.5
77.1

1,047.4
537.8
318.1
69.1
440.5
190.8
83.1

1,055.5
540.2
319.9
69.1
446.2
194.2
84.2

1,060.6

Eating and drinking places

58

7,775.1

7,825.3

7,962.7

7,939.9

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandisina machine ooerators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

2,747.5
59
624.4
591
111.6
592
114.7
593
956.8
594
188.6
5941
115.7
5942
86.9
5943
140.6
5944
232.0
5947
49.8
5949
327.6
596
205.2
5961
67.3
5962
94.9
598
517.5
599
145.7
5992,3,4
67.4
5995
RQQQ
304.4

2,770.1
626.1
112.1
116.8
967.8
190.5
120.0
88.9
141.4
232.2
48.9
334.1
211.9
67.7
95.5
517.7
146.3
68.4
303.0

2,859.5
647.7
115.2
121.4
985.9
199.5
117.0
91.9
141.9
236.8
49.6
343.3
219.5
68.5
95.1
550.9
158.5
74.9
317.5

7,188

7,192

3,439

Finance, insurance, and real estate^
Finance

-

-

Aug.
1997

June
1998

319.8
588.6
8.3

319.4
591.1
8.3

315.0
589.3
8.1

314.6
593.8
8.1

902.2
63.1
231.7
301.3
155.4

913.0
62.2
229.8
308.1
160.7

914.9
64.5
224.8
313.9
159.1

923.6
64.4
224.7
319.7
159.7

819.0
418.5

822.9
419.3

860.1
437.3

867.9
439.9

-

-

-

July
1998P

-

Aug.
1998P

-

-

-

57.7
342.8
151.0
63.1

57.6
346.0
152.3
63.1

55.9
366.9
158.4
70.3

56.0
372.0
162.0
71.3

7,959.4

7,014.3

7,059.5

7,177.8

7,146.6

-

2,857.9
645.5
113.2
122.8
988.5
197.2
117.7
93.0
142.6
241.4
48.1
341.7
218.7
68.0
94.7
551.5
155.2
75.5
320.8

2,864.8

2,287.9
518.9

2,309.0
520.6

2,377.6
541.1

2,375.3
540.1

-

7,402

7,457

7,464

3,446

3,567

3,592

3,598

2,044.1
1,472.8
595.6
877.2
263.9
146.5
117.4
173.3

2,043.7
1,472.2
596.2
876.0
263.1
146.1
117.0
173.8

2,054.6
1,468.9
606.1
862.8
266.1
147.5
118.6
179.4

2,060.6
1,472.8
609.1
863.7
267.0
148.0
119.0
180.2

2,057.9
1,470.8

-

-

-

-

-

95.4
798.8

-

-

97.5
809.9

-

101.1
818.8

—

-

-

102.6
822.1
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

277.1

-

_
-

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

569.2
180.4
115.6
252.4

572.8
181.7
116.4
253.9

619.4
186.9
122.6
287.8

626.0
187.8
123.4
292.2

630.5

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exhanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

603.2
449.7

606.5
452.4

651.1
478.5

660.6
484.6

663.4

622,3
628

25.6
127.9

25.3
128.8

25.9
146.7

26.1
149.9

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

222.5
106.3

222.7
106.8

242.2
111.0

245.1
111.7




July
1997

-

265.6
-

-

297.0

-

281.9
-

—

78.1
428.8
-

78.7
428.6
-

290.1

287.6

-

-

-

—

—

—

78.4
454.2
-

78.1
453.3
-

57.2
247.2

60.5
259.6

60.2
261.7

5,270

5,269

5,457

5,501

-

1,473.5
1,047.1
426.5
620.6

-

-

1,472.2
1,046.0
426.9
619.1

1,481.6
1,044.9
435.2
609.7

-

56.6
248.4

-

—

-

1,488.9
1,050.2
438.6
611.6

—

5,495
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

137.9

137.9

142.7

143.5

405.8
125.9

406.3
125.3

428.2
111.5

429.1
109.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

85.4

86.0

98.7

-

-

-

245.8

—

101.6
-

—

-

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

—

—

1,125.5
339.3
277.6
230.1
394.4

1,204.8
354.9
286.7
239.2
437.5

1,212.6
354.5
287.7
240.1
442.5

1,591.1
530.8
355.1
291.2
549.3
82.3

1,600.8
532.2
356.6
292.7
553.9
83.9

1,601.7

728.5

727.9

745.0

745.9

745.0

1,477
598.8
719.4
125.2

1,475
599.3
718.7
123.6

1,499
595.9
736.4
128.0

1,518
599.9
750.4
127.9

1,519

36,536

36,499

37,869

38,019

38,001

32,005

31,949

33,086

33,232

758.3
185.7
519.2

749.7
185.7
510.2

788.4
193.6
542.9

792.3
196.1
543.8

786.7

647.4
156.5
446.6

639.2
156.6
438.1

674.2
163.6
467.4

677.7
165.9
467.9

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
6324
633
636

1,543.5
521.8
339.7
277.3
540.7
72.0

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64
65
651
653
655

—

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

1,878.4
1,799.7

1,877.5
1,801.0

1,874.6
1,802.8

1,921.5
1,837.4

1,914.7

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal sen/ices

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,137.8
439.9
65.8
392.2
97.8
126.8

1,138.3
440.4
67.8
392.5
97.9
124.3

1,158.2
444.9
56.0
402.7
100.9
138.4

1,142.0
442.5
53.9
400.3
101.1
129.1

1,142.0

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736
7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

8,074.2 8,129.1
257.3
256.8
169.3
169.0
135.7
135.5
305.8
304.3
76.4
76.5
944.3
944.9
90.6
91.4
853.7
853.5
258.3
257.6
41.0
40.8
44.8
44.9
172.5
171.9
3,018.7 3,055.6
327.0
328.1
2,691.7 2,727.5
1,417.7 1,434.6
331.1
322.9
232.9
231.9
164.9
164.1
249.2
249.3
82.9
82.0
57.6
58.1
1,738.7 1,737.5
573.4
584.2
58.5
57.2
76.4
75.4

8,592.7 8,602.9
269.1
270.2
175.9
176.7
139.3
139.1
314.8
313.3
79.3
78.5
985.9
986.8
98.9
99.4
887.4
887.0
269.9
270.8
40.6
40.7
47.5
48.1
181.8
182.0
3,197.4 3,168.9
340.8
334.8
2,856.6 2,834.1
1,598.9 1,617.9
369.6
372.6
269.6
276.3
183.1
181.5
272.8
272.9
91.8
93.4
57.6
58.4
1,817.4 1,835.9
604.0
606.9
59.7
60.0
80.9
81.2

8,712.2

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

1,133.6
201.9
133.8
72.1
626.3
216.9
265.7

1,166.5
209.5
140.4
77.5
638.0
222.5
271.1

1,172.5

1,169.4
210.3
141.4
76.8
639.8
222.8
271.4

-

-

70
701

1,132.9
202.8
134.1
72.9
625.0
216.4
266.0

1,123.5
338.9
278.1
230.0
392.8

-

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels




—

1,543.5
522.0
341.0
278.1
538.7
72.5

2,271

07
074
078

—

2,347

2,272

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Aug.
1998P

2,347

63,64

Services

July
1998P

2,336

June
1998

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

June
1998

Aug.
1998P

Aug.
1997

July
1997

Aug.
1997

July
1998P

July
1997

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

Production workers"*

All employees

-

-

-

_

_

1,593.6

1,594.5

—

_

387.3
-

349.1
-

387.1
-

348.6
-

-

1,588.0
-

392.0
-

356.0
-

-

33,183
—

-

1,621.6

—

_

_

390.0
-

353.6
-

104.4

102.1

114.6

106.9

7,185.6
186.6

7,228.2
186.7

7,626.3
193.4

7,630.4
194.5

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

987.3
-

3,268.0
-

2,925.2
1,628.7
-

-

-

—

64.9
845.3
73.6
771.7
208.2
31.2
38.0
139.0

64.7
843.8
73.0
770.8
208.4
31.3
38.1
139.0

67.5
882.9
80.9
802.0
215.6
29.4
40.2
146.0

66.9
883.7
81.5
802.2
216.5
29.9
40.8
145.8

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2,620.7
1,133.1
275.2
-

115.7
-

59.5
40.9
1,516.9
530.2
49.1
-

934.1
166.2
111.7
63.6
504.3
177.8
213.9

2,654.8
1,145.0
281.3
-

116.5
-

60.3
40.1
1,513.1
540.2
50.2
-

933.3
167.2
112.0
63.8
503.7
177.6
214.4

2,774.5
1,280.0
315.0
-

128.7
-

66.9
41.1
1,582.2
556.0
48.4
-

948.4
172.0
116.6
67.3
503.1
181.6
207.8

2,748.4
1,297.5
318.2

-

-

-

128.6
-

68.3
41.9
1,600.2
559.0
48.5
-

949.9
172.7
117.3
66.8
503.5
181.3
207.6

-

-

-

-

_
-

—

(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers^

All employees
July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

754
7542

233.3
123.1

232.2
120.5

241.5
127.4

242.5
127.8

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

381.5
118.1

381.8
117.5

390.5
119.6

390.8
120.2

390.4

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

555.7
228.7
146.8
160.3

567.2
242.6
142.2
162.8

558.7
224.8
142.9
171.3

562.4
228.7
144.6
169.6

568.3

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and reaeation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,873.9
69.4
1,422.2
165.2
427.8

1,839.7
71.6
1,396.3
165.8
415.2

1,935.8
69.0
1,453.6
182.3
451.4

2,011.5
66.9
1,506.9
182.7
470.9

1,961.6

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and dinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nec
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

9,759.8
1,751.4
629.2
439.2
166.5
1,761.9
1,334.7
208.4
218.8
3,883.9
3,581.4
84.2
218.3
200.9
716.5

9,769.1
1,753.4
631.9
444.4
167.9
1,765.0
1,337.7
208.8
218.5
3,882.0
3,579.5
83.9
218.6
200.5
715.4

9,926.8
1,818.1
644.7
467.0
171.3
1,762.3
1,336.0
209.2
217.1
3,959.5
3,648.6
85.2
225.7
202.7
684.7

9,943.1
1,827.2
645.8
466.3
170.9
1,762.9
1,337.5
209.4
216.0
3,977.0
3,664.2
85.5
227.3
204.2
672.0

9,946.2
1,832.3

Legal services

81

963.7

955.8

994.9

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

-

—

-

July
1997

-

-

-

206.9
113.3

—

312.0

312.4

320.3

319.2

_

468.3
189.8

-

—

468.8
191.4

483.3
209.0
-

463.5
184.2
-

-

136.5

135.0

1,673.3
60.8
1,274.7
147.2
385.5

1,641.3
62.8
1,252.0
147.8
373.2

1,719.9
60.5
1,296.1
162.5
406.7

1,797.5
58.5
1,349.2
162.5
424.9

8,652.9
1,439.3
550.8
365.5

8,660.1
1,439.8
551.9
371.4

8,799.4
1,497.9
562.1
389.0

8,814.4
1,507.8
562.6
389.2

-

-

1,585.2

1,587.8
-

-

3,559.0

1,585.5
-

187.5

188.3
-

3,558.6

3,630.0

-

1,586.3
-

188.5
-

3,645.1

-

—

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

668.6

660.7

658.7

630.5

617.8

—

999.6

992.6

771.6

764.4

796.6

802.1

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

1,853.5
581.8
1,005.7
78.8

1,831.6
576.1
989.0
80.9

2,004.5
643.4
1,083.3
84.5

1,912.8
604.0
1,032.0
82.2

1,892.8

—

—

—

—

—

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related sen/ices
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,516.1
679.5
392.1
518.1
727.0
199.4

2,497.2
680.9
359.8
528.0
727.7
200.8

2,622.8
708.9
392.8
567.0
753.9
200.2

2,651.6
717.6
443.0
532.1
757.2
201.7

2,642.7

2,192.7
589.8
343.0
456.1
632.3
171.5

2,170.8
590.6
311.4
464.0
632.4
172.4

2,269.0
614.6
340.5
499.8
653.0
161.1

2,303.9
622.6
395.4
466.8
656.7
162.4

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

98.4

96.7

98.4

99.8

98.9

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,322.1
109.9
58.8
137.3
511.9

2,291.0
109.7
59.2
139.0
477.3

2,306.3
110.3
61.8
143.0
487.6

2,344.6
112.2
61.5
137.0
527.6

2,310.0

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering sen^ices
Architectural services
Sun/eying sen^ices
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

3,035.0 3,046.9
886.7
882.6
675.4
680.0
148.9
148.6
58.3
58.1
588.8
590.2

3,253.8
932.6
712.6
158.6
61.4
636.4

3,278.4
939.2
716.2
160.9
62.1
634.9

3,273.7
940.5




-

—

131.5

-

3,973.5

—

130.0

186.9

-

Aug.
1998P

206.0
112.9

-

-

July
1998P

198.6
106.1

-

1,764.7

June
1998

200.0
108.8

-

-

Aug.
1997

-

533.8
758.0
-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

42.4

42.6

44.7

44.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

2,326.2
728.0
562.8
117.2
48.0
411.2

2,332.3
730.9
566.6
116.6
47.7
412.5

2,496.8
768.7
593.5
124.6
50.6
454.4

2,516.6
775.4
597.6
126.6
51.2
451.0

-

(In thousands)
Production workers^

All employees
Industry

SIC
Code

Aug.
1997

June
1998

463.7
159.2
114.5
113.1
723.3
235.6
257.7
26.0

462.5
159.5
112.8
113.1
726.4
237.5
259.7
26.0

491.9
165.6
126.1
119.5
781.8
259.5
279.3
29.1

499.2
167.2
129.1
121.6
791.0
261.8
285.4
29.2

40.3

40.1

41.7

41.7

-

18,690

-

-

-

-

-

2.683

-

-

-

-

-

July
1998P

605.2
229.3
136.5
144.7
964.8
319.9
342.6
39.1

638.3
238.3
150.1
151.6
1,046.5
346.9
378.3
42.8

645.6
239.5
153.0
154.2
1,058.7
350.4
385.0
43.5

1,058.0

50.5

50.4

52.6

52.8

52.1

18,535

18,419

19,891

18,801

2,713

2,705

2,695

2,693

Executive, by agency*
Department of Defense
Postal Service®
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,650.4
705.6
845.2
1,099.6
32.4
29.9

2,643.8
699.4
853.3
1,091.1
31.3
29.9

2,633.0
673.0
855.7
1,104.3
31.3
31.0

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,867.5

1,851.7

3731

49.9
22.2

806

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commerdal nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting sen/ices
Public relations services
Services, nec

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Government
Federal Government^

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Sen^ices
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Services, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Sen^ices
Hospitals
Education
Social services
Sen^ices, except hospitals, education,
and social services
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judidal functions
Local government, except education

806
82

806
82

Aug.
1997

605.0
228.4
137.9
144.4
958.6
316.4
339.7
39.5

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1,839.6

1,834.7

1,821.6

-

-

49.5
22.0

47.6
22.2

47.5
22.2

14.0
366.4
224.4

13.9
366.6
223.5

12.3
361.0
221.9

12.3
362.6
222.2

4,382
91.2
53.2
2,371.7
365.1
1,645.5
211.3

4,361
91.0
53.2
2,368.8
365.3
1,640.4
210.2

4,493
90.3
46.9
2,482.6
364.5
1,759.0
208.6

4,431
90.6
52.3
2,392.6
365.6
1,661.1
211.3

149.8

152.9

150.5

154.6

1,865.4
2,736.0

1,848.1
2,720.7

1,872.9
2,733.7

1,895.4
2,769.8

11,440
458.3
6,973.9
638.5
5,770.7
154.7

11,353
457.5
6,943.2
639.6
5,763.4
142.1

12,703
459.6
8,275.1
652.1
7,078.6
143.2

11,677
459.6
7,149.0
654.8
5,928.0
148.2

410.0

398.1

401.2

418.0

4,007.9
5,669.4

3,952.1
5,589.4

3,967.9
5,624.0

4,068.8
5,749.4

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance
and real estate; and services.
^ Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million
or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
^ Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
^ Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian




-

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1998P

June
1998

July
1997

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

4,412

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,656.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—
-

-

2,755.0

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

11,595

5,918.9

-

5,676.1

employment only and exclude the Central intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency.
5 Includes rural mail carriers.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment sun^ey estimates are currently projected from March
1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to revision.

(In thousands)
May
1997

June
1997

Apr.
1998

May
1998

June
1998

59,519

59,593

60,558

60,971

61,055

48,410

48,734

49,249

49,623

49,979

6,676

6,739

6,716

6,744

6,794

81

83

82

82

83

630

641

648

661

678

5,965

6,015

5,986

6,001

6,033

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products ,
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manfacturing

2,901
138
161
104
102
326
473
691
383
351
172

2,924
139
161
105
104
329
476
696
388
353
173

2,975
140
166
106
104
333
486
710
404
356
170

2,978
141
167
107
104
334
485
709
406
355
171

2,989
144
168
108
106
336
485
708
408
356
170

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products .
Petroleum and coal products .
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

3,064
538
11
289
619
166
700
329
24
339
49

3,091
551
11
289
617
168
705
333
25
342
49

3,011
536
12
279
575
165
705
328
24
343
44

3,023
544
11
279
573
166
707
331
24
343
44

3,044
554
11
279
572
168
712
334
24
346
44

52,843

52,854

53,842

54,227

54,261

Transportation and public utilities .

1,949

1,949

1,946

1,964

1,968

Wholesale trade

2,051

2,059

2,071

2,083

2,095

11,524

11,645

11,536

11,746

11,890

4,448

4,491

4,570

4,589

4,638

Services .

21,762

21,851

22,410

22,497

22,594

Government
Federal
State
Local

11,109
1,148
2,365
7,596

10,859
1,154
2,263
7,442

11,309
1,136
2,438
7,735

11,348
1,141
2,410
7,797

11,076
1,151
2,300
7,625

Industry

Total
Total private ...
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing .

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to
revision.

Mining

Total

Construction

State and area

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Alaska
Anchorage

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Boulder-Long mont
Cotorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

Rorida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleanwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton




July
1998P

June
1998

July
1997

June
1998

1,860.6
464.5
170.9
221.5
156.6
77.5

1,883.2
472.8
175.0
225.5
156.9
80.2

1,879.5
473.4
173.7
226.8
156.8
80.6

289.0
127.4

287.2
130.6

294.2
131.2

10.4
2.5

1,932.2
1,358.7
299.6

2,051.1
1,449.8
320.2

2,020.1
1,429.9
312.2

14.3
6.7
2.5

1,096.8
137.3
95.8
301.8
35.3

1,131.0
139.6
96.6
307.4
35.6

1,115.9
138.7
95.7
304.6
34.9

(M

13,165.6
178.5
280.6
3,851.2
138.1
950.1
1,230.9
836.0
626.0
119.5
1,047.5
991.9
937.6
150.7
163.1
169.8
151.6
240.4

13,632.7
183.9
281.1
3,976.3
136.1
979.2
1,283.6
883.3
640.5
121.1
1,086.7
1,005.3
960.3
155.0
171.5
169.3
157.6
252.6

13,559.3
179.8
281.0
3,950.5
138.7
970.9
1,277.0
873.8
639.1
121.2
1,078.0
1,006.6
960.4
153.0
167.2
170.2
157.0
251.4

29.8
10.8
.6
5.8
(2)
2.3
.9
1.2
.2
.1
.4
.6
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.5
1.7

1,985.8
157.6
216.5
1,061.0

2,055.4
161.9
223.9
1,100.8

2,047.3
161.1
223.8
1,094.6

14.1

1,605.8
181.7
85.4
5921
248.3
139.2
205.6
86.2

1,658.9
185.7
87.6
601.6
250.5
141.3
211.1
89.5

1,637.7
182.7
86.7
595.1
247.7
141.3
210.8
88.2

391.8
50.9
301.4

406.6
54.8
315.5

403.3
54.7
311.9

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1

630.2
2,501.4

612.7
2,561.6

619.9
2,558.3

.1
1.0

.1
1.1

6,335.3
147.4
617.6
147.0
108.0
515.7
164.9
176.7
950.6
787.2
148.4
245.9
143.5
1,053.9
425.6

6,666.9
154.0
647.8
153.0
112.6
542.2
172.6
181.2
977.6
835.9
155.6
268.7
146.6
1,112.4
453.6

6,584.8
151.8
638.2
150.4
112.2
538.0
169.5
180.8
969.0
825.6
154.3
265.9
146.5
1,102.3
445.3

2.7

26

101.7
29.6
6.5
16.6
8.2
6.4

10.5
26

10.8
27

15.7
7.9

15.3
7.8

16.4
8.4

13.4
6.0
23

13.4
6.0
23

133.2
94.8
19.8

137.2
99.7
20.9

137.7
99.8
21.0

3.6
.8

(M

(M

49.9
6.0
4.1
15.0
.9

50.8
5.6
4.3
15.2
1.0

51.4
5.7
4.4
15.4
1.0

29.0
10.8
.5
5.7
(2)
23
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.2
1.0
.4
.1
.5
1.4

28.7
10.7
.5
5.6
(2)
23
.9
1.1
.2
.1
.4
.5
.2
1.0
.5
.1
.5
1.4

570.1
8.9
13.9
110.9
7.5
51.7
58.9
52.9
34.5
4.6
54.0
35.8
38.8
6.7
10.0
8.3
10.5
11.5

609.6
8.2
14.9
114.0
7.3
56.0
64.3
58.3
36.6
5.0
55.3
37.9
41.5
6.5
9.6
8.3
11.1
11.3

624.1
8.3
15.2
114.9
7.4
58.3
64.9
58.8
37.0
5.1
56.1
38.7
421
6.6
9.6
8.7
11.1
11.5

13.9

14.0

125.3
6.8
127
64.0

131.3
7.0
13.7
67.8

133.4
7.1
13.9
68.6

60.9
6.9
3.7
21.2
9.9
4.7
6.1
3.4

62.4
7.0
4.0
20.7
9.6
4.8
5.9
3.6

63.4
7.1
4.0
20.7
9.9
4.9
6.0
3.6

.1
.1

22.0
2.4
16.6

22.8
25
17.1

23.2
26
17.3

.1
1.1

9.2
129.4

8.9
134.6

8.9
137.2

335.1
7.8
33.2
126
4.4
28.1
8.5
9.2
34.0
42.8
10.6
126
6.1
51.8
25.6

348.8
7.9
34.9
129
4.7
28.8
8.3
9.7
34.1
46.0
11.1
129
5.8
55.0
26.2

349.4
8.0
34.8
13.1
4.8
28.7
8.3
9.7
34.3
45.9
11.1
13.0
5.8
54.8
26.6

0)

27

(M
6.5

6.6

.8

.8

.8

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( )

O

O
(2)

(2)

(2)

6.7
(2)

6.7
(2)

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(2)

(2)
.1

.3

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(2)
3.1

(2)
,

O
(2)

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O
(2)

(2)
.4

.3

.3

(2)

o
(2)

3.1
(2)

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(2)

.1

o
o

(2)
3.1

(2)

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7.0

O
O
O

(2)
,

C)

.8

(M

(M

9.4
26

3.6
(M

.9

O

July
1998P

101.6
29.2
6.4
17.2
8.3
6.5

3.6
(M

June
1998

98.2
27.7
6.2
16.6
8.5
6.1

9.5
26

10.1
3.1

(M

July
1997

July
1998P

July
1997

.4
(2)

.4
(2)

(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

state and area
July
1997
Alabama
Birnninghann
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

377.1
51.3
37.7
27.4
17.7
11.7

375.8
50.3
39.5
27.8
17.7
12.4

372.1
49.9
38.4
27.7
17.7
12.5

91.5
30.1
3.8
13.3
6.6
2.4

91.8
30.3
3.4
13.5
6.6
2.6

91.7
30.6
3.4
13.5
6.7
2.6

428.2
112.2
34.6
59.0
37.0
18.1

435.5
116.2
35.3
60.0
36.7
18.5

436.0
116.3
35.2
60.1
36.6
18.6

24.0
2.1

17.1
2.2

23.2
2.2

26.0
12.6

27.0
13.2

27.4
13.2

60.6
31.7

60.9
32.1

61.4
32.1

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

207.3
161.3
28.2

216.3
169.8
29.5

216.0
169.7
29.4

95.6
70.1
13.2

99.3
74.3
13.5

99.0
73.8
13.3

471.6
331.5
66.7

496.0
352.3
69.2

491.1
348.7
68.5

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

253.4
33.9
27.2
33.9
8.2

256.5
33.6
26.9
33.7
8.1

254.3
33.5
26.7
33.4
7.9

66.0
9.4
6.7
21.1
1.8

67.7
9.5
6.5
21.1
1.8

67.8
9.6
6.5
21.2
1.8

252.8
38.9
20.0
70.0
7.2

258.5
39.7
20.0
71.2
7.2

256.5
39.8
19.7
71.0
7.2

1,937.8
10.2
32.6
663.7
30.8
120.7
222.6
105.4
46.1
9.3
123.2
76.9
258.8
16.9
25.6
26.7
18.5
32.8

1,944.1
10.5
29.3
680.4
25.9
121.3
233.1
111.9
46.7
8.7
124.8
76.4
259.7
17.5
26.1
22.8
18.6
34.6

1,951.6
10.7
29.6
678.1
29.6
121.2
233.9
112.5
47.2
9.1
125.0
76.8
260.0
17.4
26.0
24.8
19.1
34.6

671.7
10.3
14.4
210.4
5.5
61.1
45.4
43.4
25.3
5.7
41.5
80.2
27.8
5.8
6.2
11.4
6.2
9.6

680.9
10.6
14.6
217.2
5.6
60.9
47.9
45.6
25.8
5.7
41.8
80.1
28.8
6.0
6.8
10.8
6.3
10.2

684.9
10.8
14.7
217.8
5.6
61.1
48.2
45.7
25.8
5.7
41.9
80.6
29.0
6.0
6.8
11.4
6.5
10.3

3,065.5
42.8
68.2
856.2
34.4
215.9
308.8
216.5
138.6
31.6
241.6
209.4
184.9
36.7
41.9
40.6
39.6
60.4

3,126.4
42.8
68.8
875.9
34.7
218.0
319.6
225.7
139.4
32.1
246.0
207.9
189.0
36.5
43.3
40.4
40.1
61.2

3,129.2
42.6
68.6
875.0
34.8
217.9
320.0
225.2
139.9
31.9
246.8
208.6
189.9
36.6
43.0
40.7
40.3
61.0

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

204.5
31.8
25.8
93.2

208.5
33.0
27.2
94.0

208.2
33.0
27.3
93.9

121.6
3.7
11.8
85.0

124.6
4.0
11.7
87.4

125.0
4.0
11.7
87.7

484.6
35.1
48.5
258.6

499.1
34.8
50.0
268.8

501.6
35.2
50.5
266.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Nonwalk
Waterbury

274.6
38.9
18.7
91.6
38.7
24.8
28.2
18.6

278.0
39.9
18.8
95.1
39.3
24.4
27.3
19.3

274.5
39.2
18.5
93.7
38.5
24.1
26.7
18.8

72.9
7.0
2.6
25.9
15.7
6.4
10.1
3.5

77.5
7.2
2.5
27.3
16.4
6.8
10.0
3.7

75.0
7.1
2.5
26.4
16.1
6.7
10.0
3.7

353.0
40.7
22.0
123.7
52.7
28.8
46.0
17.3

361.8
41.5
22.0
124.0
53.4
28.9
47.1
18.9

359.7
40.8
21.8
123.3
52.7
29.0
47.0
18.6

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

56.9
6.0
42.3

59.6
6.2
45.8

57.4
6.2
43.4

15.8
1.7
13.6

15.8
2.0
13.8

15.7
1.9
14.0

87.8
12.5
61.4

89.3
13.0
63.1

90.0
12.9
63.2

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

12.5
100.0

12.9
102.5

12.9
102.1

17.9
113.3

17.1
113.6

17.2
114.5

48.7
473.2

48.9
478.2

48.8
479.7

Rorida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clean^^ater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

488.5
14.1
40.2
6.7
5.4
37.4
20.5
27.6
75.2
52.0
10.9
20.5
5.2
88.0
29.5

490.7
14.5
40.6
6.9
5.3
38.9
20.3
28.3
72.6
53.2
10.8
21.7
5.1
87.4
30.8

488.0
14.4
40.2
6.9
5.2
39.0
20.1
28.4
72.4
53.0
10.8
21.7
5.2
86.9
30.2

327.5
4.3
30.9
7.0
2.4
35.7
8.8
5.2
83.5
41.2
7.2
5.4
4.0
48.4
15.9

339.9
4.5
31.6
7.1
26
37.5
9.1
5.7
85.3
43.3
7.7
5.5
4.2
49.6
16.9

340.1
4.6
31.5
7.1
2.7
36.9
9.0
5.8
85.9
43.3
7.8
5.5
4.2
49.6
16.9

1,621.8
42.2
174.2
41.2
22.9
129.0
46.7
40.9
251.3
196.6
38.7
57.5
28.8
254.6
107.5

1,688.8
43.5
181.5
42.8
24.1
132.4
49.7
42.4
259.1
205.4
40.8
60.8
29.7
262.1
115.8

1,670.3
43.5
179.5
42.2
23.8
133.0
49.4
42.1
257.3
205.2
40.9
60.0
29.5
259.7
112.1

Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura




State and area
July
1997

June
1998

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

85.4
34.8
4.8
10.1
9.3
2.6

86.9
35.5
4.8
10.2
9.5
2.6

87.3
36.2
4.8
10.2
9.5
2.7

432.0
138.3
46.4
61.0
41.0
13.6

438.7
140.7
47.6
61.3
41.6
14.2

439.6
141.6
47.5
62.0
41.8
14.3

338.1
67.0
37.4
34.1
36.5
20.4

343.4
68.0
38.0
35.5
36.5
20.7

341.7
66.6
37.9
36.7
36.3
20.9

12.7
7.4

12.8
7.4

12.9
7.5

69.9
36.1

71.1
37.2

72.4
37.3

69.7
27.1

725
28.1

69.7
27.8

127.1
107.0
11.8

134.7
115.6
12.6

135.1
116.2
12.6

596.6
434.2
97.8

6324
462.0
100.6

629.3
459.7
99.9

286.5
153.1
59.6

321.8
170.1
71.6

298.5
156.0
65.2

44.6
4.9
3.2
17.5
1.3

45.1
5.0
3.1
17.4
1.3

45.0
5.0
3.1
17.2
1.3

254.8
26.4
25.0
88.3
8.7

264.5
27.3
25.8
90.3
8.6

263.0
26.9
25.9
90.1
8.7

171.7
17.8
8.7
56.0
7.2

184.3
18.9
9.2
58.5
7.6

174.3
18.2
8.6
56.3
7.0

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

761.2
6.7
13.8
220.1
4.5
55.0
92.6
30.3
42.0
6.0
61.7
103.1
31.1
7.3
9.4
8.7
6.2
12.9

784.2
7.3
13.7
225.0
4.4
55.9
95.0
31.6
43.7
5.9
62.7
105.4
31.4
7.4
9.8
8.6
6.4
14.0

786.9
7.3
13.6
225.0
4.4
56.1
95.3
31.7
44.0
5.9
63.1
105.7
31.5
7.6
9.9
8.6
6.4
14.2

4,079.3
43.2
74.1
1,263.0
32.5
283.4
375.7
220.8
174.5
33.7
342.6
363.6
308.3
47.0
48.5
41.8
40.0
72.8

4,239.6
43.3
721
1,303.2
33.1
291.9
383.6
231.4
176.5
34.0
356.4
3727
319.4
47.8
50.0
42.7
42.6
75.8

4,2527
43.3
74.4
1,300.9
33.3
292.3
384.6
230.7
177.9
34.2
359.3
374.7
318.7
48.0
49.5
42.8
42.3
75.7

2,050.2
45.6
63.0
521.1
22.9
160.0
126.0
165.5
164.8
28.5
1825
122.3
87.8
29.2
21.0
32.2
30.1
38.7

2,218.9
50.4
67.2
554.9
25.1
1729
139.2
177.7
171.6
29.6
199.3
124.4
90.3
32.3
25.5
35.6
32.0
44.1

2,101.2
46.1
64.4
533.2
23.6
161.7
129.2
168.1
167.1
29.2
185.4
121.0
89.0
29.8
21.9
33.1
30.8
427

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

128.8
5.7
11.9
85.0

133.0
5.6
12.1
88.7

134.5
5.6
12.2
89.3

609.0
50.7
72.4
330.8

626.2
51.9
73.9
340.9

627.1
520
74.3
342.0

297.9
23.8
33.4
137.4

318.8
25.6
35.3
146.7

303.5
24.2
33.9
139.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwaik
Waterbury

1320
10.4
4.5
69.0
13.1
3.8
23.6
4.4

136.4
10.3
4.9
68.5
13.0
3.9
26.7
4.3

136.7
10.3
4.9
69.1
13.0
4.0
26.7
4.2

500.3
58.1
24.8
172.1
87.8
35.1
74.2
26.8

517.0
58.8
25.7
173.5
87.7
36.0
76.1
27.2

515.5
58.1
25.9
1729
87.5
36.0
76.8
27.1

211.3
19.7
9.1
88.6
30.4
35.6
17.4
122

225.0
21.0
9.7
925
31.1
36.5
18.0
125

2121
20.1
9.1
89.0
30.0
36.6
17.6
122

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

47.8
2.0
41.9

49.9
2.5
43.3

49.9
2.5
43.4

109.6
11.6
88.9

114.1
12.6
93.5

113.6
125
93.1

51.8
14.7
36.5

55.0
16.0
38.7

53.4
16.1
37.3

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

28.6
134.9

28.6
135.3

28.8
136.0

266.8
962.1

268.4
999.4

268.5
1,001.6

246.4
587.5

227.8
596.9

234.7
586.1

Rorida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleanwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

411.0
6.4
45.0
9.0
5.1
53.2
7.7
5.8
67.8
46.4
6.1
11.5
5.7
76.1
30.6

427.7
6.5
46.2
9.3
5.3
54.0
8.1
6.0
67.7
48.4
6.4
11.7
5.9
80.2
31.4

428.2
6.5
46.5
9.2
5.3
54.3
8.1
6.1
68.0
48.8
6.5
11.7
5.9
80.4
31.4

2,265.7
51.8
215.7
47.4
32.3
171.4
46.2
63.5
309.3
332.0
48.5
117.0
38.3
411.3
166.8

2,408.1
53.6
227.0
48.3
34.1
184.0
47.9
63.7
3223
353.0
50.3
1329
39.2
444.2
177.9

2,405.6
53.5
226.3
48.1
34.0
184.6
47.9
63.8
319.6
350.6
51.0
1329
39.0
444.7
177.8

879.0
20.8
78.3
23.1
35.5
60.5
23.4
24.5
129.2
75.8
26.1
21.3
55.2
123.3
49.7

956.2
23.5
85.9
25.6
36.5
66.2
26.1
25.4
136.2
86.2
28.3
23.1
56.5
133.5
54.6

896.4
21.3
79.3
23.7
36.4
61.1
23.6
24.9
131.2
78.4
26.0
21.0
56.7
125.8
50.3

Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff




(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Colunnbus
Macon
Savannah

Haweii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

3,611.1
60.0
70.0
1,962.2
192.2
114.6
148.2
130.7

3,739.4
59.8
75.0
2,033.3
195.5
117.4
151.6
133.6

3,720.8
59.9
72.4
2,023.5
194.9
116.4
150.8
132.1

528.8
399.3

527.5
398.7

514.5
194.2

July
1998P

June
1998

July
1997

8.2

July
1997

8.6

8.6

1.8
.4

1.7
.4

June
1998

July
1998P

181.3
3.9
2.6
101.6
11.2
5.5
6.9
7.5

182.7
3.7
2.7
102.4
11.2
5.5
6.8
7.7

(M

(M

(M

172.1
3.6
2.7
96.1
11.7
5.5
6.4
7.9

521.7
392.0

(M
(M

(M

(M

22.3
17.4

21.3
16.4

21.3
16.4

523.1
199.9

520.3
199.3

3.3

(M

34.6
14.3

34.1
13.0

35.0
13.6

5,788.8
76.8
94.5
4,069.9
179.4
57.2
43.8
172.4
175.8
112.7

5,911.6
79.9
95.9
4,130.0
184.6
57.5
44.6
175.3
180.0
114.2

5,879.7
79.5
95.7
4,118.6
181.7
57.5
44.1
174.3
178.8
113.2

11.8

251.6
2.8
3.5
170.4
10.2
4.1
2.2
8.7
7.2
5.3

250.2
2.9
3.4
167.0
10.4
4.1
2.0
8.2
7.2
5.0

253.9
3.0
3.5
169.7
10.4
4.2
2.1
8.6
7.2
5.1

2,833.6
60.8
116.2
153.1
267.1
262.6
824.9
50.7
87.5
55.7
134.0
65.7

2,890.9
62.1
117.4
153.2
275.2
268.2
851.6
53.3
91.2
58.5
136.8
66.0

2,840.5
61.4
116.2
153.4
265.8
264.2
842.8
51.0
90.7
56.2
135.0
65.3

151.3
3.4
5.0
10.2
13.8
18.2
48.3
2.4
4.2
2.6
8.2
3.3

147.6
3.4
5.0
10.3
14.5
18.0
50.0
2.6
4.4
2.6
7.6
3.4

150.5
3.6
5.0
10.5
14.7
17.9
51.3
2.8
4.5
2.5
7.6
3.5

1,400.1
110.2
270.5
50.6
61.9
65.0
69.9

1,459.7
114.6
274.9
51.9
67.1
66.4
71.6

1,433.0
113.0
272.2
51.3
63.8
65.7
70.9

2.2

68.1
5.7
13.3
2.1
2.4
4.2
3.0

68.2
6.5
12.4
2.1
2.8
4.2
3.0

69.4
6.6
12.9
2.2
2.8
4.4
3.0

1,261.3
44.1
99.2
273.1

1,312.7
45.8
102.0
283.4

1,292.4
45.3
100.8
279.7

8.3

65.0
2.3
5.1
15.0

65.8
2.2
5.2
15.0

1,712.9
265.0
555.2
42.9

1,761.0
276.7
575.3
44.1

1,845.4
53.6
280.4
74.9
161.2
84.9
67.5
617.2
171.8
560.2
40.6
140.2

(M

(M
1.6
.4

(M

(M

(M
1.3

1.2

3.3

3.3

(M

11.8

(M

11.8

(M

(M

1.3

1.7

(M
1.8

( )

1.8

^ )

o
(M

(M

(M

(M

(M
6.7

6.9

(M

(M

0)
1.3

1.3

(M
(M

(M
(M

(M

^^
(M

^^
(M

(M

(M

.9

^^
< )
(M

.3

.2
2.2

.3

2.1

(M

(M

1.3

(M
.8

.9

(M

(M

6.5

(M

( )
( )

(M

0)

(M

(M

8.3

( )
8.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

63.5
2.2
4.8
14.8

1,746.4
272.5
573.3
44.1

23.2
.3
.6
.3

22.4
.3
.6
.3

22.6
.3
.6
.3

85.9
13.7
30.7
3.3

88.1
14.5
31.3
3.6

90.3
14.6
32.3
3.6

1,890.5
54.8
289.6
78.6
164.3
86.0
68.3
620.2
173.9

1,882.5
54.6
289.0
78.1
164.8
86.2
67.9
623.5
173.1

54.6
.1
.9
7.4
15.4
1.3
.2
15.2
2.5

55.9
.1
1.0

56.0
.1
1.0
7.3
15.7
1.4
.2
15.5
2.7

117.7
3.3
30.6
3.6
9.4
10.1
3.6
31.0
10.0

122.4
3.5
33.8
3.9
10.7
11.0
3.7
31.2
10.6

123.1
3.5
34.4
3.9
10.7
11.0
3.7
31.3
10.8

574.7
42.5
141.3

569.9
41.2
141.2

.1

26.1
1.9
6.8

25.7
1.8
7.1

26.8
1.8
7.1

(M

(M

7A
15.8
1.4
.2
15.3

ze

.1

O

(2)

(M

.1
(2)

(2)

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

587.1
9.0
11.7
218.6
41.0
21.2
20.8
17.3

591.7
8.6
11.8
221.2
41.6
21.2
20.3
18.3

585.0
8.6
11.9
217.4
41.6
20.5
20.5
17.5

232.1
3.0
1.8
165.2
6.7
4.0
5.3
9.6

240.2
3.2
1.9
171.0
6.7
4.2
5.4
9.7

241.6
3.2
1.9
171.1
6.7
4.1
5.4
9.8

914.7
13.8
17.8
522.3
41.7
26.4
33.9
33.0

935.0
14.1
18.5
533.1
43.1
27.0
33.9
34.2

938.7
14.1
18.5
533.8
43.2
27.2
33.8
34.1

17.1
12.9

16.2
12.2

16.3
12.3

41.8
33.7

40.6
32.6

40.6
326

134.6
99.8

131.7
97.2

131.2
96.7

75.3
34.4

76.3
37.0

76.7
37.1

24.0
9.3

24.3
9.9

24.3
10.0

130.2
46.9

132.2
46.9

132.3
46.9

973.6
8.6
11.9
655.5
30.7
13.6
8.3
32.5
50.6
4.5

982.7
8.9
11.8
662.2
31.7
13.4
8.3
33.1
53.7
4.7

978.9
8.8
11.7
659.2
31.7
13.5
8.3
33.0
53.4
4.7

334.3
3.0
2.7
248.4
9.9
5.0
2.0
9.6
9.0
4.8

344.9
2.9
27
254.2
10.0
4.9
2.1
9.9
9.2
4.9

341.5
29
27
253.5
10.0
4.9
20
9.8
9.2
4.7

1,325.7
16.9
20.3
918.5
47.8
123
11.1
41.5
37.1
24.1

1,347.3
17.4
20.7
934.4
47.9
124
11.0
42.4
37.7
24.6

1,340.4
17.4
20.9
928.1
47.8
12.3
11.0
42.4
37.6
24.4

676.2
9.8
58.8
32.1
74.8
50.2
127.2
19.9
22.2
10.7
22.2
12.0

686.8
10.4
59.7
31.9
76.2
49.6
130.0
21.1
22.1
9.6
23.0
12.1

666.8
10.3
58.7
31.8
72.1
49.4
126.9
18.7
22.0
9.3
22.8
12.1

140.0
1.9
3.0
6.9
12.9
15.5
51.1
1.2
2.2
3.2
5.5
2.9

142.4
1.8
27
7.1
12.8
15.5
52.3
1.2
23
3.3
5.7
28

140.9
1.8
28
7.1
127
15.4
52.5
1.2
22
3.4
5.9
27

685.4
14.1
22.5
36.1
64.3
64.2
216.0
11.3
18.4
13.4
34.9
19.0

688.1
15.0
22.5
38.0
65.3
65.3
219.7
11.2
18.8
13.8
34.6
19.2

686.1
14.9
22.3
38.1
64.6
65.4
219.4
11.3
18.6
13.4
34.7
19.2

255.3
21.8
25.3
12.1
4.8
12.6
15.1

260.8
22.9
25.2
12.0
4.8
13.3
15.1

261.3
23.1
25.2
12.2
5.0
13.3
15.2

65.7
8.2
13.7
2.1
2.1
3.9
2.4

68.5
7.9
13.7
21
22
3.9
24

68.6
7.8
13.7
21
23
3.9
2.4

348.6
25.2
70.6
123
127
16.0
16.5

353.9
25.6
71.1
127
129
15.6
16.8

3525
25.5
70.5
127
128
15.5
16.9

Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

206.8
5.4
10.0
69.7

211.6
5.5
10.0
73.9

209.9
5.5
9.9
74.1

71.6
1.2
6.2
10.6

74.4
1.2
6.2
10.7

73.7
1.3
6.1
10.6

311.6
11.3
21.4
61.9

320.5
11.8
21.4
63.3

320.5
11.6
21.4
63.0

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

318.3
47.2
88.8
6.9

317.2
48.7
89.0
7.1

315.4
48.6
89.4
7.1

97.7
10.6
40.5
2.2

1026
10.9
44.4
24

1027
10.7
44.3
2.4

410.2
60.7
135.6
10.8

420.5
63.0
140.9
11.0

418.2
62.4
139.7
11.0

Louisiana

191.8
3.4
24.7
7.2
16.5
11.8
7.9
49.2
19.0

189.7
3.5
25.3
7.9
14.7
12.1
8.0
49.9
17.5

188.5
3.6
25.1
7.8
14.6
12.0
7.6
49.6
17.2

111.5
2.7
12.5
8.0
9.9
4.4
3.7
42.6
8.4

114.5
27
12.6
9.0
10.3
4.1
3.6
42.8
8.6

114.5
27
126
8.9
10.4
4.3
3.6
42.6
8.4

429.3
122
65.5
17.3
41.4
18.2
16.8
150.2
38.9

437.6
12.4
68.1
17.7
42.2
18.5
17.0
150.7
40.2

438.2
12.4
68.3
17.6
42.1
18.5
17.1
150.6
40.4

86.1
7.7
14.8

87.5
7.9
14.7

85.3
7.7
14.6

23.9
1.7
6.5

24.4
1.7
6.7

24.5
1.7
6.6

148.1
10.5
41.7

146.2
10.6
41.0

149.6
10.9
41.7

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawai
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

liiinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas

Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Servkses

Government

State and area
July
1997

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Boise City

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

Indiena
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokonfio
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland




June
1998

Ju^
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

188.0
2.2
2.2
128.4
6.0
8.1
8.4
4.4

195.4
2.1
2.2
132.2
5.9
8.4
9.4
4.3

196.1
2.1
2.2
132.4
5.9
8.5
9.7
4.3

947.0
15.6
15.9
584.2
46.2
29.9
40.0
38.5

994.8
15.1
15.4
6126
47.0
30.5
40.9
39.0

998.0
15.5
15.5
614.1
47.3
30.8
40.8
38.8

561.9
12.8
17.9
245.8
38.5
19.5
32.2
20.0

592.4
12.8
22.6
259.8
39.6
20.6
33.6
20.6

570.1
12.7
19.7
250.6
38.6
19.8
32.5
19.9

36.2
29.0

35.0
28.0

35.2
28.1

170.3
121.8

169.0
120.8

169.8
120.7

106.5
84.7

113.7
91.5

107.3
85.2

25.7
11.0

26.7
11.9

27.0
11.9

127.1
50.2

123.6
50.3

124.6
50.5

94.3
28.1

102.6
30.9

97.1
29.3

402.9
14.1
3.7
314.8
8.2
2.0
1.7
7.9
7.5
8.0

413.6
15.2
3.7
323.7
8.4
2.1
1.7
8.0
7.6
7.8

415.4
15.5
3.8
325.0
8.4
2.1
1.7
8.0
7.6
7.9

1,716.8
20.2
21.4
1,278.8
47.9
13.7
11.6
53.7
47.2
33.1

1,759.1
20.8
21.8
1,299.7
48.9
13.9
12.1
54.3
46.8
33.6

1,765.8
20.7
21.8
1,308.3
47.9
14.0
12.0
54.3
46.8
33.5

772.1
11.2
31.0
481.8
24.7
6.5
6.9
18.5
17.2
32.9

802.0
11.8
31.8
487.0
27.3
6.7
7.4
19.4
17.8
33.6

772.0
11.2
31.3
473.0
25.5
6.5
7.0
18.2
17.0
32.9

141.0
2.5
3.0
7.4
15.1
9.4
63.2
1.5
3.9
1.8
6.7
2.3

142.8
2.3
3.2
7.5
14.6
9.6
66.8
1.5
4.4
1.9
6.6
2.3

143.2
2.2
3.2
7.5
14.7
9.7
67.2
1.5
4.4
1.8
6.5
2.3

680.3
12.5
17.9
43.5
62.3
72.7
223.1
8.3
17.2
16.6
43.9
16.2

696.1
12.7
18.1
43.3
63.6
72.7
229.9
9.1
19.6
17.2
45.4
16.1

692.7
12.8
17.9
43.7
62.7
72.7
229.8
9.2
19.2
17.4
45.3
16.0

352.5
16.6
6.0
13.6
23.9
32.4
95.1
6.1
19.4
7.4
12.6
9.8

380.4
16.6
6.2
13.8
28.2
37.6
102.1
6.6
19.6
10.1
13.9
9.8

353.8
15.8
6.3
13.4
24.3
33.7
94.8
6.3
19.8
8.4
12.2
9.2

80.5
6.0
37.8
1.8
1.9
2.6
3.3

82.7
6.4
38.9
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.2

82.9
6.4
39.1
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.2

363.6
34.3
77.1
17.0
14.0
18.7
19.3

380.4
35.0
79.6
17.3
15.2
19.0
20.0

376.9
34.6
79.5
17.1
14.5
19.0
19.6

216.1
9.0
32.7
3.2
24.0
7.0
10.3

243.1
10.3
34.0
3.8
27.1
7.8
11.1

219.2
9.0
31.3
3.1
24.3
7.0
10.6

61.3
2.1
6.8
11.1

61.7
2.1
6.8
11.3

61.8
2.1
6.8
11.4

321.3
10.6
28.9
73.9

332.2
11.4
29.7
75.2

332.9
11.2
29.7
74.9

216.9
11.3
21.1
29.7

239.1
11.6
22.8
32.6

219.5
11.4
21.7
29.3

70.5
10.2
29.5
1.7

71.5
10.4
29.7
1.8

71.3
10.3
30.0
1.8

429.3
72.6
162.0
10.9

447.2
75.5
169.2
10.9

445.9
75.5
169.4
11.1

277.8
49.7
67.5
6.8

291.6
53.4
70.2
7.0

280.0
50.1
67.6
6.8

86.1
2.3
17.6
2.3
6.2
2.6
4.9
31.8
6.7

87.2
2.3
17.8
2.3
6.3
2.6
4.9
31.5
6.6

87.2
2.3
17.8
2.3
6.3
2.6
4.9
31.4
6.7

500.7
16.7
73.1
16.2
40.1
23.4
18.1
190.8
53.4

514.2
16.9
74.8
16.5
41.1
23.4
18.1
190.3
54.2

516.5
16.9
75.0
16.5
41.3
23.3
18.0
193.2
54.3

353.7
12.9
55.5
12.9
22.3
13.1
12.3
106.4
32.9

369.0
13.4
56.2
13.9
23.2
12.9
12.8
108.5
33.6

358.5
13.1
54.8
13.8
23.7
13.1
12.8
109.3
32.6

29.1
2.2
12.5

30.6
2.3
12.9

31.1
2.3
13.1

165.2
12.7
41.7

166.4
12.9
41.0

171.5
12.8
41.2

81.6
3.9
16.2

93.8
5.3
17.9

81.0
4.0
16.9

June
1998

July
1998P

2,271.6
1,167.5
408.5
835.1

2,303.9
1,189.7
411.6
851.6

2,288.2
1,182.4
408.4
844.6

3,113.4
65.4
1,911.2
93.6
52.7
148.0
114.8
63.2
42.8
247.3
220.9

3,239.7
63.5
1,981.6
97.9
54.5
153.0
121.4
65.8
44.0
259.2
229.3

3,205.1
67.0
1,966.0
96.6
53.2
148.9
118.1
64.8
43.8
252.9
224.7

4,401.9
260.4
71.1
2,055.5
175.6
549.1
60.6
206.6
225.3
178.9

4,576.7
272.3
72.6
2,151.0
178.7
574.3
62.7
212.1
231.4
184.8

4,434.6
263.3
71.1
2,068.1
158.4
560.0
61.4
206.9
218.2
175.2

Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,491.8
111.2
1,613.6
73.9
82.5

2,585.8
114.6
1,671.1
77.4
86.6

2,557.5
113.5
1,658.6
77.1
84.3

O
O
0)

Jackson

1,099.4
219.2

1,123.3
229.2

1,112.5
225.8

(2)

2,627.8
919.3
1,286.7
156.1

2,697.0
951.6
1,313.7
163.4

2,662.6
943.0
1,301.8
159.8

369.2

374.9

372.2

6.0

856.5
145.0
399.0

883.3
146.8
415.8

874.8
146.8
413.2

1.3

890.2
627.3
178.6

930.3
661.5
182.0

929.3
658.8
183.4

15.0
2.2
.7

573.8
95.1
91.9
115.2

580.4
96.8
94.9
114.0

573.7
94.1
91.9
112.6

.5

3,751.7
198.1
636.2
466.2
240.4
606.3
377.0
952.5
195.2
58.1

3,855.9
194.5
657.5
487.7
244.4
631.6
381.9
975.7
199.3
60.9

3,823.3
200.5
644.0
481.8
242.2
626.8
379.9
962.1
195.4
59.3

707.2
333.2
49.1
72.8

723.0
341.5
51.6
74.4

718.0
338.8
50.5
74.4

Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor ,
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota

Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Louis
Springfield....

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester..

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




1.3
.2

1.4

o
('J

107.4
2.7
60.0
3.6
1.9
6.0
5.3
2.4
1.8
8.4
7.8

113.4
2.8
64.7
3.6
1.9
6.2
5.4
2.3
1.9
8.2
7.4

117.9
2.8
67.6
3.8
2.1
6.3
5.4
2.4
2.0
8.4
7.5

197.1
11.1
2.7
84.3
7.6
27.8
2.7
9.1
9.5
10.4

200.2
11.5
2.6
88.3
8.2
28.0
2.7
9.4
9.9
9.6

203.8
11.7
2.8
90.0
8.8
28.5
2.8
9.8
10.2
9.8

8.4
5.1

107.0
4.5
66.3
3.2
4.5

110.8
4.6
68.2
3.4
4.8

113.8
4.9
70.0
3.4
4.9

6.1

52.9
11.4

55.2
12.4

55.8
12.7

5.0

128.8
49.2
70.7
6.8

126.2
50.3
68.4
6.8

134.0
51.6
72.5
6.9

5.5

20.4

19.0

19.9

1.4

41.8
7.0
20.1

42.2
7.3
20.8

43.1
7.4
21.5

14.2
2.1
.6

83.1
64.9
12.5

90.8
70.9
13.9

90.9
70.3
14.3

.5

22.5
4.5
3.0
3.4

23.0
4.7
3.1
3.1

23.4
4.7
3.2
3.2

1.9

138.8
7.6
23.4
22.5
4.7
20.1
19.1
33.8
4.8
2.3

141.9
7.5
23.9
22.9
5.1
20.4
19.4
34.7
5.0
2.2

143.9
7.3
23.3
23.8
5.0
21.0
19.7
34.6
5.0
2.4

43.7
22.5
3.2
3.8

44.4
22.1
3.3
4.0

44.5
22.4
3.3
4.1

.5

(?)

.1
.1
.2

(i)
(2)
.1
.1
.2

7.6

.1
.2
.2
7.9

8.1

O
0)
.8

(1)
(M
.8

.9

(!)

0)
o
(O )

( )

(^

( )
( )

( )

O

0)

(M
8.5
5.2

(M
8.4
5.1

((?))

O

(M

(M
6.0

6.0

(2)

(2)
4.9

(M

O

(M

(!)

5.0

(!)

( )

( )

(M

(M
5.5
1.4

0 )
(M

0)

O

(M

(1)
(M

14.1
21
.6
.5
(1)

( )

(])
( )

(M

(M

2.0
(M
t

1.5

.5

(2)

(I)
(M

141.7
66.9
13.6
62.3

0)

O

(2)

139.0
66.0
13.2
60.9

1.5

.4

1.9
(M

(M

(!)

( )
(M

)

0)

(M
(M

0)
.5

(M

.5
(M

.8
(M

.5
(M

.9

.9

0)

(M

July
1998P

142.7
66.7
13.1
61.5

0 )
(M

(M

June
1998

1.3
.2

1.3
.2
(M

(M

July
1997

July
1998P

June
1998

July
1997

July
1997

Maryland

Construction

Mining

Total
State and area

.3

.3

.2

15.7
(M

15.7
(M

15.6
(M

(M

(M

(M

(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1997

Maryland

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

176.3
99.8
31.2
38.8

177.1
100.0
31.2
39.5

173.3
97.0
28.2
38.9

106.7
58.2
20.3
34.1

107.0
60.2
21.0
34.5

105.5
60.1
21.1
34.2

541.1
268.8
65.3
198.0

546.8
275.9
64.8
198.5

546.4
274.2
64.6
197.2

444.9
2.0
221.9
10.2
13.6
38.2
28.7
12.9
7.5
38.9
41.1

456.0
2.1
227.3
10.7
14.0
38.4
30.3
13.7
7.5
39.4
42.7

449.9
2.1
224.8
10.1
13.7
37.8
29.8
13.1
7.5
39.4
41.7

131.7
3.2
82.2
4.8
2.0
4.5
6.4
3.3
1.2
9.6
9.1

140.1
3.0
85.9
4.9
2.1
5.0
7.1
3.8
1.3
10.3
9.5

135.4
3.1
84.0
4.6
2.0
4.5
6.8
3.6
1.2
10.4
9.1

716.1
24.5
412.9
31.4
12.3
34.7
24.6
16.3
10.4
57.9
49.2

739.9
22.5
428.0
31.9
12.5
35.0
25.6
16.5
10.6
58.7
51.5

736.5
25.0
423.4
32.3
12.4
34.8
25.3
16.5
10.6
58.1
50.9

945.8
52.3
19.7
430.4
40.6
154.7
12.9
49.1
30.0
39.6

977.3
53.6
20.2
443.5
35.1
160.2
13.0
50.3
29.6
40.7

893.9
49.8
18.9
393.8
20.1
151.4
12.6
47.7
19.6
33.8

174.5
6.5
3.0
93.6
5.5
18.9
3.5
7.1
6.1
7.3

177.4
6.6
3.0
96.0
5.5
19.0
3.5
7.2
6.1
7.3

176.2
6.6
2.9
96.1
5.2
19.2
3.5
7.3
6.2
6.8

1,057.8
53.3
16.5
486.3
45.1
137.4
15.6
46.8
50.7
45.7

1,071.4
54.7
16.5
498.7
46.5
142.1
16.2
47.3
52.1
46.8

1,072.0
54.5
16.7
497.8
46.0
141.7
16.0
47.2
51.9
46.7

439.3
8.3
276.5
12.0
15.5

447.2
8.8
278.3
13.5
16.1

449.7
8.6
279.0
13.7
15.9

122.5
7.3
87.3
2.1
2.9

126.7
7.5
90.5
3.1

125.3
7.5
89.2
2.1
3.0

604.2
28.1
387.4
14.7
25.2

616.3
28.7
395.0
15.0
25.7

616.2
28.6
395.7
15.1
25.5

241.2
20.9

242.0
21.2

238.5
20.6

53.3
15.4

53.4
15.7

53.4
15.5

237.5
53.3

239.4
54.5

239.6
54.4

411.8
108.0
190.7
23.6

423.9
108.7
197.2
23.7

415.0
107.1
189.7
23.6

164.4
74.0
82.6
10.5

166.6
79.2
83.9
10.5

164.7
78.3
82.5
10.4

625.8
226.4
308.5
44.1

637.3
231.9
312.4
45.8

635.2
232.1
313.7
45.5

Montana

24.6

24.5

24.6

20.9

21.5

21.2

102.7

101.2

102.1

Nebraska

117.2
17.0
39.6

120.1
17.7
41.9

119.6
17.7
42.1

53.6
9.4
27.9

55.9
9.7
29.4

55.6
9.8
29.2

210.2
30.5
95.5

214.7
30.3
98.3

213.8
30.0
98.3

40.6
22.0
13.3

42.9
23.1
14.1

43.0
23.0
14.3

46.2
33.1
11.5

47.6
34.2
11.3

47.7
34.3
11.3

179.8
128.2
41.0

186.5
134.7
41.0

187.3
135.1
41.1

105.8
14.1
27.7
18.9

107.5
13.7
27.5
19.7

104.5
13.4
27.1
18.8

19.4
5.7
2.2
4.1

19.4
5.8
2.3
4.0

18.9
5.6
2.1
3.5

153.7
23.5
22.8
31.7

152.7
23.7
23.7
31.5

154.0
23.4
23.4
31.7

479.1
6.0
104.3
54.9
28.7
92.5
21.1
134.3
19.8
13.2

485.1
6.6
107.2
55.7
29.4
93.6
20.5
136.5
18.7
13.5

474.7
6.4
103.8
55.8
28.2
92.6
20.4
132.1
18.3
13.3

254.0
7.2
34.7
21.1
28.0
49.3
20.2
80.3
7.1
2.9

265.9
7.3
36.4
22.3
28.5
51.8
21.3
83.7
7.4
3.0

259.7
7.1
36.2
19.5
28.2
50.7
20.1
81.2
7.1
2.8

880.5
46.4
174.2
123.6
55.2
141.5
105.1
187.6
32.1
11.1

903.7
44.1
180.3
127.6
55.7
147.3
105.9
193.8
33.2
11.8

900.6
47.5
178.2
127.4
55.0
145.6
106.6
190.2
32.5
11.8

46.2
29.8
2.6
2.0

45.2
29.3
2.7
2.1

44.8
29.1
2.7
2.1

30.9
15.0
1.6
1.2

32.7
16.0
1.6
1.2

32.4
15.8
1.7
1.2

168.9
80.8
10.8
15.5

172.9
83.8
11.4
15.6

173.3
83.4
11.2
15.8

Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

Masaachiisetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

IMcMgan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detrort
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Mnnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Missisaippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsnnouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Abuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




Z1

Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

131.6
72.8
33.6
49.3

133.6
73.4
34.4
50.5

133.9
73.2
34.5
50.3

767.3
394.4
156.1
292.1

775.4
4020
155.0
295.7

781.4
403.5
156.4
296.4

404.6
206.6
88.9
161.3

423.7
212.0
92.0
172.0

404.7
207.3
90.0
165.3

214.6
3.7
159.1
3.2
1.6
4.5
3.8
1.8
1.9
12.7
15.1

219.6
3.5
163.3
3.4
1.7
4.3
3.8
1.8
2.0
13.3
14.9

219.9
3.7
163.9
3.5
1.7
4.4
3.8
1.8
2.0
13.2
14.8

1,112.9
22.1
755.0
25.3
14.2
44.0
32.7
17.0
15.1
78.6
65.1

1,151.9
21.8
779.2
26.6
13.9
45.5
33.6
17.7
14.9
82.2
67.0

1,154.8
22.8
781.0
26.7
13.8
44.6
33.3
18.0
15.3
81.1
66.2

384.4
7.2
219.7
15.1
7.1
16.1
13.3
9.5
4.8
41.1
33.3

417.3
7.8
232.7
16.8
8.4
18.6
15.6
10.0
5.7
47.0
36.1

389.2
7.5
220.8
15.6
7.5
16.5
13.7
9.4
5.1
42.1
34.3

209.1
10.1
2.6
112.9
6.6
22.6
1.9
10.9
13.8
7.1

210.5
10.3
2.4
113.4
6.6
23.3
1.9
10.8
14.3
7.0

211.8
10.4
2.4
114.4
6.6
23.3
1.9
10.9
14.3
7.1

1,225.5
65.5
19.0
640.1
49.6
141.0
14.8
53.4
56.8
49.0

1,278.5
67.7
19.3
674.8
52.4
147.7
15.3
54.5
58.7
50.8

1,270.1
67.5
19.4
667.0
51.4
148.6
15.1
53.9
57.7
50.3

584.5
61.5
7.7
207.1
20.6
46.7
9.2
30.1
58.4
19.8

653.3
67.9
8.6
235.4
24.4
54.0
10.1
32.6
60.7
22.6

598.9
62.8
8.0
208.2
20.3
47.3
9.5
30.1
58.3
20.7

147.5
3.5
115.6
2.3
3.0

152.6
3.6
117.7
2.4
3.2

153.9
3.6
118.2
2.4
3.2

707.9
32.2
474.7
33.1
20.3

734.9
33.1
491.1
33.9
21.5

733.1
33.3
490.5
34.0
20.7

354.9
22.1
205.2
6.5
11.1

388.9
23.2
229.7
7.1
12.2

357.1
21.9
215.4
6.4
11.1

41.9
15.8

42.0
16.5

42.2
16.5

259.2
59.7

266.1
62.0

263.4
60.9

207.4
41.8

219.2
45.9

213.5
44.2

156.6
65.3
80.4
6.8

159.9
68.7
82.0
7.2

161.1
69.0
82.5
7.2

747.2
271.1
410.5
47.3

754.5
276.3
419.0
48.8

757.0
276.6
418.8
48.7

388.3
125.3
143.3
17.0

423.6
136.5
150.8
20.6

390.6
128.3
142.1
17.5

Montana

16.7

16.9

17.1

109.0

110.6

111.7

68.9

75.7

70.1

Nebraska

55.0
9.4
35.1

57.8
10.0
37.4

58.0
10.2
37.7

230.6
37.1
131.6

238.4
37.6
137.1

238.5
37.4
137.0

146.8
34.6
49.2

152.8
34.2
50.9

144.8
34.3
47.4

40.4
30.5
8.0

42.7
32.1
8.5

42.8
32.2
8.5

384.4
285.6
69.8

395.3
295.9
69.5

396.6
296.1
70.2

100.7
60.8
21.8

110.4
68.5
23.1

106.8
65.7
23.1

30.2
7.5
4.6
6.3

29.6
7.1
4.5
6.4

30.0
7.1
4.7
6.4

170.2
30.3
24.5
30.2

169.2
30.5
24.9
29.5

170.6
29.9
23.8
30.1

71.5
9.5
7.1
20.6

78.5
11.3
8.9
19.8

71.8
10.0
7.6
18.9

242.1
6.6
34.8
22.6
25.9
46.1
18.4
72.4
11.6
3.2

247.4
6.5
35.7
24.3
26.9
46.2
18.2
73.7
11.6
3.1

249.0
6.7
35.9
24.5
27.1
46.8
18.3
74.2
11.9
3.0

1,198.9
95.4
195.2
148.5
58.1
183.1
129.2
302.1
69.5
12.8

1,235.6
93.2
203.0
154.8
60.5
195.5
130.7
307.9
72.5
13.0

1,240.8
96.5
198.7
156.4
60.1
196.6
132.5
310.1
72.3
12.9

556.3
28.9
69.6
73.0
39.8
73.2
63.9
141.2
50.3
12.3

574.4
29.3
71.0
80.1
38.3
76.3
65.9
144.5
50.9
14.0

552.7
29.0
67.9
74.4
38.6
73.0
62.3
138.8
48.3
12.9

31.7
16.9
2.0
3.3

31.9
17.1
2.0
3.4

32.1
17.1
2.0
3.4

197.2
105.5
10.9
21.8

202.2
107.5
11.6
22.7

201.7
107.3
11.7
22.3

172.9
62.7
18.0
25.2

178.0
65.7
19.0
25.4

173.6
63.7
17.9
25.5

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

Lincoln
Omaha

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

New Honpshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe




(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-M ass il Ion
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




;

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

8,026.8
426.5
111.6
543.2
105.8
42.0
53.3
1,117.2
3,917.2
3,405.1
121.8
528.7
100.8
334.4
128.4
390.6

8,236.2
438.0
115.8
551.9
109.8
43.3
53.6
1,161.7
4,032.3
3,503.3
123.5
534.6
106.9
339.7
130.0
400.7

8,140.9
430.7
113.3
535.0
108.0
42.5
54.1
1,141.7
4,010.9
3,486.8
122.5
521.0
106.0
334.4
130.7
396.4

3,629.7
106.6
748.6
622.5
607.7

3,758.8
110.7
767.3
638.4
637.9

3,690.0
108.3
756.5
623.7
629.8

313.1
49.0
95.1
46.4

322.5
50.4
98.2
48.1

318.4
49.8
97.2
47.9

5,378.1
320.0
182.4
847.9
1,143.7
820.1
469.5
114.8
77.5
80.4
48.2
307.4
246.5

5,516.3
326.0
186.7
877.1
1,177.5
846.3
477.7
118.3
78.8
79.8
52.0
314.8
252.3

5,421.0
324.6
186.2
871.6
1,164.9
838.9
465.9
115.7
78.1
78.4
51.1
304.1
239.7

1,377.1
24.4
36.2
4922
373.0

1,428.1
25.5
37.7
511.2
386.6

1,523.6
135.0
67.4
917.8
131.9
5,377.2
264.4
58.1
128.5
349.0
87.4
212.2
2,247.9
663.6
1,069.8
163.0
273.9
46.7
65.2
53.0
161.8

July
1997

June
1998

4.8
.6

(M
O
('J
(M
(M
(M

4.8
.5

O
O
(M
(M

296.9
17.0
4.5
23.0
4.9
1.9
2.1
54.6
127.4
101.2
4.8
18.7
4.0
14.6
4.4
19.9

4.0

208.6
6.0
47.4
31.9
35.2

213.5
5.9
47.3
32.3
35.9

214.3
6.0
47.4
32.5
36.0

4.3

17.9
2.9
6.3
3.4

18.0
2.8
6.5
3.1

18.4
2.8
6.6
3.2

13.5
.5
.5
.8
.7
.7
.4

244.8
14.0
9.3
43.0
49.1
39.0
18.6
7.5
3.8
2.6
1.7
15.5
10.8

251.2
14.2
9.6
43.8
50.6
40.1
18.9
7.8
3.9
2.6
1.8
16.0
11.0

(M
(M
.3
.4

( )
4.0

.3

(M
.4

(M
(M

(M
4.0

(M

(M

(M

0)

o
0)

(M
(M

4.4

O
(M

4.3

(M

(M

.4
.2
.5

.4
.1
.6

.4
.1
.5

241.1
13.9
9.2
41.2
47.9
37.3
18.3
7.5
4.0
2.7
1.6
15.9
10.9

1,413.1
25.1
36.7
502.3
386.3

32.0
1.2
.1
7.5
7.8

32.0
1.2
.1
7.6
7.7

31.8
1.2
.1
7.5
7.7

51.7
1.0
1.1
18.8
14.9

53.9
1.1
1.0
19.2
16.6

54.0
1.1
1.0
19.3
16.7

1,576.4
141.6
70.1
947.9
134.6

1,561.0
137.6
69.2
941.5
133.9

1.9
.2
.1
1.2
.3

1.9
.2
.1
1.1
.3

1.9
.2
.1
1.1
.3

86.3
7.7
3.5
56.7
8.0

83.9
7.9
3.5
53.5
8.0

87.8
8.4
3.7
55.5
8.4

5,479.8
268.3
59.3
130.1
358.5
89.3
217.7
2,284.0
663.7
1,081.5
166.5
279.3
48.4
66.3
53.7
164.4

5,440.5
265.3
59.1
129.9
355.8
88.0
215.7
2,280.1
670.2
1,073.9
162.0
277.2
48.0
66.4
53.8
162.5

20.4

228.1
11.1
2.7
5.0
13.8
4.9
12.5
91.3
11.6
52.6
7.7
11.4
1.7
2.6
2.4
8.9

232.0
10.4
2.7
4.8
13.8
4.7
13.0
93.7
11.9
52.0
7.7
11.7
1.7
2.4
2.5
9.0

235.8
10.6
2.7
5.2
13.9
4.7
13.2
95.5
12.2
53.1
7.9
12.3
1.7
2.6
2.5
9.3

13.8
.5
.5
.7
.9
.7
.4

O
(M
(M

13.5
.5
.5
.8
.7
.7
.4

July
1998P

289.6
16.3
4.3
22.2
4.7
1.8
2.1
53.9
126.6
101.2
4.6
17.9
3.9
13.9
4.1
19.3

(M
(M
(M
(M

(M

June
1998

281.0
16.3
4.5
22.6
4.5
1.9
2.1
50.6
120.1
94.9
4.6
19.3
3.9
14.6
4.2
19.4

(M

.5

July
1997

4.9
.5

(M

.3

(M

July
1998P

O
( )
(M

21.0

( )
(M

20.4

(M

(M

(M

(M

< )

(M

(M

(M

(M
.4

.4

(M
4.7

(M

4.9

(M
.4

0
(M

5.0

(M
.4

(M
.4

.4

0)
(M

O
0)

.4

(M
.4

.4

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
July
1997

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

920.8
39.1
24.8
89.9
17.7
9.4
8.4
111.8
315.7
263.3
11.9
127.9
12.1
49.3
19.4
38.4

925.1
39.4
25.6
90.4
18.6
9.8
8.6
112.9
319.5
266.9
11.9
122.3
12.4
50.2
19.3
38.2

903.8
38.8
25.3
81.3
18.6
9.8
8.6
112.0
315.4
263.2
11.8
117.7
12.4
49.5
19.3
37.9

402.9
17.0
4.7
25.0
3.7
1.5
1.8
50.5
229.1
203.7
6.4
16.2
6.0
19.5
4.0
18.8

416.1
17.3
4.8
26.1
3.6
1.5
1.8
54.5
238.0
210.8
6.9
17.1
6.6
19.9
3.7
20.0

404.2
16.8
4.8
25.2
3.6
1.5
1.9
52.0
233.2
207.4
6.5
16.3
6.1
19.7
3.6
19.1

1,646.4
91.8
23.5
129.9
20.2
10.3
127
289.2
684.5
573.9
33.8
113.0
22.2
79.3
27.1
84.2

1,6827
93.5
24.0
131.5
20.8
10.4
12.4
298.0
715.5
598.3
33.9
114.7
25.6
80.8
27.2
87.3

1,668.3
92.8
23.9
129.8
20.5
10.3
13.0
294.2
706.8
591.0
34.1
113.2
25.7
80.0
27.5
85.9

832.8
19.7
143.7
165.0
83.4

827.9
19.7
143.4
165.1
85.7

823.0
19.6
143.0
164.8
85.2

170.6
4.6
53.2
33.1
27.0

170.8
4.7
53.1
31.9
27.6

171.7
4.7
53.2
31.6
28.0

843.6
27.5
184.2
1425
130.1

848.3
27.9
186.4
142.2
1329

851.5
27.8
185.5
141.5
134.1

23.6
2.9
8.0
3.4

23.8
3.0
8.2
3.5

23.7
3.0
8.2
3.4

18.0
3.2
5.2
2.2

18.5
3.2
5.5
23

18.3
3.2
5.5
23

81.0
12.4
27.1
121

81.2
125
27.6
12.6

81.1
125
27.4
126

1,077.1
62.7
46.2
140.3
223.8
92.6
98.5
20.9
19.4
22.7
11.5
55.8
59.4

1,094.7
64.1
47.3
142.6
224.8
94.6
98.3
20.9
19.7
22.7
14.0
61.2
59.0

1,053.0
62.7
47.2
141.5
221.4
90.5
91.6
20.7
19.3
21.6
13.8
54.0
49.0

235.2
14.7
5.2
44.2
46.0
36.3
20.8
4.8
3.0
3.5
2.8
13.8
10.2

235.4
14.9
5.1
44.5
46.3
36.4
21.1
5.0
3.2
3.2
26
14.6
10.5

234.3
14.8
5.0
44.3
46.3
36.3
21.3
5.0
3.2
3.3
26
14.7
10.3

1,315.7
80.5
45.8
219.5
273.8
213.7
109.9
31.9
18.3
18.6
11.0
78.8
62.8

1,3324
82.4
47.0
221.1
279.4
216.9
112.2
31.5
18.6
18.6
10.7
77.6
63.9

1,324.5
82.7
46.9
2221
279.6
216.3
1121
31.5
18.6
18.7
10.8
77.8
64.4

181.3
2.2
3.6
54.6
56.6

186.5
2.4
3.6
56.5
57.5

183.6
2.4
3.6
54.4
57.1

80.2
2.1
1.8
24.4
29.7

82.9
2.1
1.8
25.6
31.0

83.5
21
1.8
25.6
31.4

325.4
6.1
9.1
118.8
87.8

329.8
6.3
9.0
120.6
88.2

329.3
6.2
9.1
120.7
88.4

251.0
21.4
9.6
149.6
19.7

248.2
21.8
9.1
152.1
18.3

251.6
21.8
9.2
152.3
20.0

73.8
4.5
3.3
52.1
3.5

75.5
4.3
3.4
54.4
3.6

76.0
4.4
3.4
54.3
3.6

381.9
35.0
19.5
229.9
28.2

387.8
35.7
19.8
235.7
28.5

392.3
35.8
19.9
237.9
28.6

937.0
56.3
9.9
34.1
45.6
13.2
57.1
304.3
58.2
138.4
43.2
54.1
10.9
8.7
13.4
48.0

941.8
56.3
10.1
34.3
45.7
13.0
56.8
303.7
57.4
139.2
42.7
55.4
11.2
8.9
13.4
47.2

936.2
55.1
10.1
34.3
45.5
12.9
56.6
302.7
57.2
139.9
41.0
54.8
11.2
9.0
13.5
47.0

271.8
15.0
4.3
5.0
22.6
4.9
8.2
105.0
33.8
64.8
7.8
14.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
7.3

2820
15.5
4.2
4.9
23.4
5.1
8.6
110.9
34.9
65.1
8.4
15.7
20
22
20
7.4

273.6
15.4
4.4
4.9
23.1
4.8
8.3
108.9
34.7
64.3
7.9
15.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
7.2

1,215.2
56.6
15.8
28.9
78.5
20.7
53.6
493.3
109.5
256.2
38.5
66.3
123
13.0
13.0
39.0

1,238.2
56.6
16.2
29.5
80.9
21.0
55.0
504.8
111.6
259.7
39.1
66.3
126
13.2
13.4
40.4

1,231.6
56.3
16.3
29.9
80.8
20.9
55.1
498.8
111.5
259.1
39.0
66.1
125
13.1
13.4
40.2

(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Sen^ices

Govemment

State and area
July
1997

NewYork
Abany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghannton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utk»-Rome
Westchester County

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Colunnbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Car lisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

728.8
25.9
3.8
29.6
4.8
1.3
2.1
79.4
509.8
476.4
5.9
21.9
5.1
18.4
7.8
26.9

735.9
25.9
3.8
29.8
4.9
1.3
2.1
80.8
515.4
481.6
5.7
21.8
5.2
18.1
7.7
27.1

738.1
25.9
3.9
29.8
5.0
1.3
2.1
81.3
517.5
483.6
5.9
21.9
5.2
18.1
7.8
27.1

2,702.0
131.3
31.1
162.9
34.0
10.6
17.4
367.2
1,442.9
1,258.4
33.1
159.5
33.0
95.9
39.2
144.8

2,797.3
135.6
31.4
165.1
33.8
10.7
16.2
378.5
1,513.6
1,325.4
32.4
161.5
32.9
95.8
40.1
148.7

2,788.1
134.0
31.4
163.3
34.4
10.6
17.4
378.8
1,499.3
1,310.1
33.4
161.9
34.0
95.8
41.0
148.1

1,340.3
104.6
19.0
83.2
21.0
7.0
8.9
168.6
615.0
534.2
26.1
70.3
18.6
57.5
26.8
58.1

1,384.7
109.5
21.8
86.7
23.4
7.9
10.4
183.0
603.6
518.7
28.0
78.8
20.3
61.1
27.8
60.1

1,336.7
105.0
19.6
82.6
21.0
7.1
9.0
168.7
611.2
530.1
26.1
70.6
18.6
56.8
27.1
58.4

169.7
3.3
53.8
32.9
29.5

176.4
3.1
55.3
33.0
30.7

177.5
3.1
55.7
33.1
30.6

885.7
31.8
188.1
162.0
191.1

923.1
33.4
190.5
166.2
198.1

917.1
33.3
191.0
165.3
198.2

514.7
13.7
78.2
55.1
111.4

594.8
16.0
91.3
67.7
127.0

530.9
13.8
80.7
54.9
117.7

15.0
2.3
6.1
1.6

15.7
2.4
6.6
1.6

15.8
2.4
6.6
1.6

88.1
15.7
30.1
12.7

90.1
15.8
30.4
12.8

89.5
15.8
30.4
12.9

65.1
9.6
12.3
11.0

70.9
10.7
13.4
12.2

67.3
10.1
12.5
11.9

289.9
13.0
6.1
53.4
75.4
71.8
18.0
6.5
2.1
2.9
1.5
11.0
9.6

294.8
13.4
6.1
55.5
75.9
73.8
17.8
6.7
2.2
2.5
1.6
11.0
9.4

295.6
13.6
6.2
56.0
76.5
73.8
17.9
6.7
2.2
2.5
1.6
10.9
9.5

1,488.0
92.3
50.5
254.7
337.7
233.5
136.6
26.9
20.6
19.5
13.1
90.9
64.9

1,532.6
93.4
52.1
266.5
352.1
245.1
137.5
27.9
20.6
19.2
14.3
91.2
65.7

1,527.5
93.3
52.5
266.8
350.2
246.6
137.3
27.7
20.8
19.1
13.8
91.2
65.5

717.3
42.4
18.9
93.9
138.2
134.2
67.0
16.3
10.1
10.5
6.3
41.0
28.2

768.1
43.3
19.3
103.1
149.2
139.8
71.8
18.8
10.7
11.0
6.7
43.6
32.4

721.4
42.8
18.3
96.3
139.6
134.6
66.4
16.3
10.1
10.6
6.3
39.4
29.5

69.9
1.0
1.7
29.2
20.2

71.7
1.0
1.7
30.0
20.9

71.7
1.0
1.7
30.2
21.0

380.9
6.9
8.0
146.0
117.0

396.2
7.3
8.4
150.5
122.7

394.6
7.2
8.3
149.5
123.9

255.7
3.9
10.8
92.9
39.0

275.1
4.1
12.1
101.2
42.0

264.6
3.9
11.1
95.1
40.1

96.3
7.4
3.1
67.3
6.7

97.8
7.6
3.2
67.5
6.7

98.4
7.6
3.2
67.5
6.7

404.4
37.2
18.8
252.9
30.8

415.6
38.1
20.0
262.3
31.4

415.7
37.9
20.1
260.8
31.2

228.0
21.6
9.5
108.1
34.7

265.7
26.0
11.0
121.3
37.9

237.3
21.5
9.6
112.1
35.1

316.9
13.4
1.9
5.6
26.0
4.3
9.5
159.3
53.9
62.7
8.7
14.2
1.5
2.0
2.2
5.2

323.8
13.4
2.0
5.5
26.1
4.2
10.0
162.0
55.2
62.4
8.9
14.6
1.7
2.0
2.2
5.3

325.3
13.6
2.0
5.6
26.1
4.2
10.0
162.7
55.2
62.7
8.8
14.6
1.7
2.0
2.2
5.3

1,715.7
83.7
16.1
36.1
97.2
26.3
54.8
809.8
275.9
372.4
40.9
79.1
13.2
14.6
14.3
38.7

1,745.1
84.5
16.4
36.0
1020
27.2
56.1
8223
281.2
371.8
41.5
80.9
13.5
14.7
14.2
39.0

1,746.7
84.9
16.2
36.0
102.5
27.1
55.6
826.8
280.4
370.5
41.2
80.8
13.6
14.7
14.4
38.5

671.5
28.3
7.4
13.8
65.3
13.1
16.1
284.9
120.7
118.0
16.2
33.6
5.2
22.4
5.8
14.3

696.5
31.6
7.7
15.1
66.6
14.1
17.8
286.6
111.5
126.4
18.2
34.3
5.7
22.9
6.0
15.7

670.9
29.4
7.4
14.0
63.9
13.4
16.5
284.7
119.0
119.3
16.2
33.1
5.4
23.1
5.9
14.6

Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
July
1997

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wanwick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson ..

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knox vi He
Mennphis
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall....
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vemiont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett...
Spokane
Tacoma




June
1998

July
1998P

443.8
496.5

459.2
511.3

449.0
497.8

1,720.2
221.7
279.4
455.2

1,821.2
236.5
293.3
477.5

1,789.1
233.0
290.2
469.3

359.4
48.8
103.2

367.5
48.7
109.1

363.0
48.6
107.5

2,575.5
220.6
199.7
319.0
552.3
623.7

2,628.3
222.0
200.4
322.6
558.3
638.9

2,608.4
222.5
198.6
318.4
555.8
633.4

8,608.6
54.6
92.9
560.7
155.5
72.6
97.3
65.8
153.5
1,764.6
244.0
706.4
88.0
1,892.9
97.2
59.9
88.3
11Z1
132.3
102.7
42.6
66^1
43.3
51.0
77.1
35.4
94.6
58.6

8,892.1
56.2
95.1
587.8
160.5
74.5
100.9
65.9
158.2
1,841.5
250.5
734.4
90.6
1,975.1
101.4
62.2
90.4
116.4
140.6
106.4
43.4
687.4
43.9
52.1
80.0
36.7
97.4
60.4

8,878.6
56.0
94.8
586.9
159.2
73.9
99.7
66.8
157.6
1,840.9
250.5
730.2
90.0
1,974.5
100.0
61.0
89.8
115.6
138.2
106.1
43.2
685.0
43.4
51.8
79.2
36.5
96.7
59.9

989.6
130.9
669.2

1,031.5
136.6
695.7

1,016.2
134.7
687.8

274.9
29.1
96.5

282.9
31.5
100.1

279.2
30.7
100.0

3,2225
36.5
80.0
44.1
95.6
664.2
1,002.6
521.1
138.6

3,347.3
36.7
84.1
46.0
96.9
681.7
1,049.7
540.3
141.8

3,325.4
36.1
82.0
44.6
95.8
673.6
1,046.8
533.8
140.4

2,524.6
1,301.9
183.8
228.7

2,620.0
1,367.9
190.4
237.7

2,601.1
1,365.1
186.2
236.8

July
1997

July
1997

July
1998P

June
1998

June
1998

July
1998P

.2
.2

.2
.2

.2
.2

15.8
18.2

17.4
19.5

17.4
19.5

1.9

1.9

1.9

101.1
16.3
15.6
30.5

110.6
18.1
16.5
31.8

111.4
18.1
16.6
32.1

1.8

17.6
3.4
5.4

17.6
3.3
5.9

18.0
3.4
6.0

4.5

120.2
9.9
11.2
15.8
24.9
32.2

123.2
10.5
11.6
15.8
24.9
34.5

125.1
10.5
11.6
16.1
25.0
34.9

465.0
2.3
4.9
30.3
14.7
9.2
3.5
3.1
11.5
83.9
12.1
36.0
4.5
127.9
4.2
2.2
4.5
4.4
7.1
5.6
1.9
35.1
2.1
2.2
3.0
2.4
4.6
2.3

490.1
2.4
5.0
33.5
15.7
8.6
3.5
3.4
10.8
86.9
12.7
37.1
4.1
137.4
4.5
2.4
4.7
4.9
7.4
7.0
1.9
37.1
2.3
2.1
3.2
2.6
5.0
2.5

492.1
2.5
5.1
34.0
15.6
8.7
3.5
3.5
10.8
87.6
12.7
37.3
4.2
137.6
4.4
2.4
4.7
4.8
7.4
7.2
1.9
37.6
2.3
2.3
3.3
2.6
5.0
2.5

68.5
10.0
45.6

70.4
9.3
46.5

71.1
9.6
46.8

.5

14.6
1.5
5.4

13.9
1.6
4.5

14.6
1.6
4.5

10.9

190.8
1.5
4.6
2.5
6.1
41.3
57.3
34.0
8.4

199.6
1.4
4.6
2.4
5.9
41.0
59.5
35.1
8.9

202.7
1.5
4.6
2.5
6.1
41.5
60.8
35.4
8.9

143.7
69.3
12.0
13.3

144.9
69.9
11.4
14.6

149.7
72.2
11.6
15.3

O
O

O
0)

0)

(M

2.3

O
(M

1.8

0)

(M
4.5

4.6
(M

(M

(M

.6

.6

.6

0)

0)

0)

167.5
1.7
.7
1.2
.8
1.4
(M
.9
2.4
11.7
(M
4.4
.7
68.9
(M
3.2
3.4
.1
1.1
13.6
.7
1.9

168.4
1.6
.6
1.3
.9
1.3
(M
.8
11.5
(M
4.3
.7
70.4
(M
2.0
3.3
.1
1.2
12.9
.7
2.0

168.1
1.6
.6
1.3
.9
1.3
(M
.8
2.5
11.4
(M
4.3
.7
70.0
(M
1.5
3.3
.1
1.2
12.8
.7
2.0

O
(M

(M

(M

Z5

1.6
1.7
(M

(M
1.2

(M

(M
2.8

.6

11.2

(M
11.0

O

O

^ )
(M

< )
(M

(M
.7
.7

(M

(M

(M
3.5
.7

(M
.2

.7
.7

.8
.7

3.6
.7
(M

2.8

.6

O
0)

O
O

8.1

8.2
(M

3.0

(M

1.1

1.1

8.6
(M

1.6
1.8

1.6
1.8

3.5
.7
(M

.2

.2

(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1997

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wanwick

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Menphis
Nashville

Ttotas
Abilene
Amarilto
Austin-San Marcos
BeaunrK>nt-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Ariington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angeto
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vennont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everetl
Spokane
Tacoma




June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

74.1
95.4

79.2
102.4

74.5
96.6

15.4
16.7

16.2
18.2

15.8
17.0

100.3
115.3

100.4
115.1

100.6
114.2

361.3
21.3
25.7
123.4

364.8
22.0
26.7
123.9

363.6
22.0
26.5
123.2

76.4
12.1
13.1
20.6

77.8
13.0
12.9
21.1

78.7
13.1
13.0
21.2

418.9
56.2
65.3
116.7

447.1
58.0
68.4
121.7

446.1
57.9
68.5
121.4

50.9
4.5
14.1

49.8
4.7
14.6

50.4
4.8
14.8

16.3
2.0
6.4

15.8
1.8
6.2

15.6
1.8
6.2

90.4
15.1
26.2

91.4
15.1
27.2

91.0
15.3
27.1

512.8
42.8
52.5
48.3
63.7
96.0

516.3
41.7
50.7
49.5
63.1
95.6

508.4
43.0
50.3
47.4
63.3
94.7

151.1
11.9
7.9
14.6
60.6
31.2

1524
12.1
7.5
14.4
62.8
31.7

1527
121
7.5
14.4
62.9
31.7

608.7
53.1
45.4
84.3
140.4
151.0

620.0
53.4
45.4
85.2
1420
156.1

620.2
53.4
45.4
85.7
141.7
155.6

1,086.0
3.2
9.3
76.4
25.0
16.6
11.8
4.1
13.2
246.0
43.5
110.0
8.0
210.8
9.2
1.5
18.9
7.6
13.0
7.6
5.0
50.3
10.6
6.0
11.3
3.3
16.5
8.0

1,101.2
3.4
9.4
78.0
25.5
16.9
12.0
4.4
13.5
249.8
41.1
111.0
8.0
216.5
9.5
1.5
19.2
8.0
13.3
7.5
4.7
50.5
10.3
5.9
10.9
3.3
16.5
8.5

1,097.1
3.4
9.4
77.6
25.5
16.7
12.0
4.5
13.5
250.8
41.1
109.5
8.0
217.1
9.5
1.5
19.3
8.0
13.1
7.5
4.7
50.2
10.0
5.9
10.0
3.3
16.4
8.3

518.1
2.4
5.8
18.8
8.2
2.7
4.4
1.5
6.5
122.2
13.6
65.0
4.2
134.4
3.6
10.2
4.1
5.6
4.6
4.2
2.3
30.8
1.7
2.2
3.7
1.5
3.6
2.9

541.2
24
5.6
19.8
8.0
27
4.7
1.5
6.5
129.4
14.4
68.2
4.3
138.9
3.7
11.2
4.2
5.5
4.8
4.2
23
31.0
1.7
23
3.9
1.6
3.9
28

543.1
2.4
5.7
19.9
7.9
28
4.6
1.5
6.5
129.6
14.5
68.4
4.3
139.9
3.7
11.1
4.2
5.5
4.7
4.1
23
31.2
1.7
23
4.0
1.6
3.9
28

2,056.1
14.4
26.3
121.2
35.8
14.7
23.8
14.3
36.5
430.7
58.0
179.0
19.7
435.5
22.9
16.3
22.4
31.9
36.6
27.6
10.1
161.8
9.7
13.3
19.6
9.4
21.9
13.8

2,102.8
14.8
26.8
127.3
36.5
15.2
24.3
14.6
36.8
442.6
59.2
187.9
20.4
451.7
23.5
17.0
23.0
32.8
39.2
27.7
10.4
165.5
9.8
13.5
20.4
9.6
22.6
13.6

2,106.2
14.7
26.6
127.5
36.7
15.2
24.4
14.6
36.9
442.7
59.2
187.9
20.3
454.4
23.4
16.9
23.0
32.6
38.4
27.8
10.4
166.6
9.8
13.6
20.6
9.7
22.6
13.7

133.0
19.8
82.1

134.9
20.5
83.1

134.4
20.3
82.5

56.7
2.3
44.7

58.0
23
46.3

58.1
23
46.2

239.8
30.3
163.4

244.1
31.0
167.1

244.2
31.1
167.8

46.4
3.2
18.0

48.4
3.5
19.0

48.3
3.3
19.1

12.3
1.0
4.9

12.7
1.1
4.7

12.4
1.0
4.8

66.1
7.0
22.3

66.2
6.9
22.3

66.5
6.9
22.4

403.9
9.6
8.2
14.9
25.3
68.0
43.8
61.2
18.5

406.1
9.0
8.4
15.1
25.1
68.9
45.3
61.1
19.0

402.8
8.8
8.4
14.7
25.1
66.8
45.5
61.0
18.8

168.6
1.3
2.4
1.0
3.6
32.4
61.0
26.9
8.6

1722
1.3
24
1.0
3.6
32.8
61.8
27.9
8.4

1727
1.3
24
1.0
3.6
33.0
62.2
28.0
8.4

723.3
10.2
16.2
9.7
20.0
156.7
214.4
123.4
36.2

742.8
10.3
16.7
9.9
19.9
158.7
219.2
128.3
36.2

743.5
10.3
16.5
9.9
19.6
159.4
218.9
126.8
36.2

374.5
220.1
23.2
25.9

380.3
228.4
22.8
25.9

380.2
229.0
22.5
25.8

134.5
78.3
7.9
9.5

137.8
81.8
8.1
10.2

138.8
82.3
8.2
10.5

617.1
308.6
46.9
57.8

631.5
317.3
48.4
61.5

635.4
320.5
48.3
61.4

Gtovemment

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

26.9
29.4

27.8
29.4

27.7
29.5

151.2
160.0

151.9
160.2

151.9
159.7

59.9
61.3

66.1
66.3

60.9
61.1

76.2
8.5
20.1
15.6

79.5
8.7
20.7
15.9

80.0
8.7
20.8
16.0

401.6
60.3
69.9
97.1

425.8
65.7
72.2
101.9

424.7
65.2
72.4
100.9

282.8
47.0
69.7
51.3

313.7
51.0
75.9
61.2

282.7
48.0
72.4
54.5

21.4
1.9
11.7

22.5
1.9
12.7

22.5
1.9
12.8

95.6
15.4
30.7

97.1
14.6
31.6

97.8
14.9
31.4

64.9
6.5
8.7

71.5
7.3
10.9

65.9
6.5
9.2

121.6
15.6
6.1
14.0
27.6
39.3

123.7
15.5
6.2
14.2
28.0
39.8

123.8
15.5
6.2
14.2
28.1
39.7

693.9
55.0
49.7
89.4
161.3
199.7

705.0
55.6
50.5
89.7
160.6
200.7

707.7
55.4
50.5
89.8
160.9
200.8

362.6
32.3
26.9
52.0
73.8
74.3

383.2
33.2
28.5
53.2
76.9
80.5

366.0
32.6
27.1
50.2
73.9
76.0

467.7
2.4
4.8
30.1
5.1
1.8
3.7
2.4
6.7
140.1
9.6
31.9
5.5
101.0
4.0
2.3
3.2
5.5
4.9
3.6
1.7
44.2
2.2
1.7
4.0
1.6
5.7
2.1

484.1
2.5
5.1
30.7
5.4
1.8
3.8
2.3
6.6
145.9
10.3
33.2
5.5
104.2
4.3
2.4
3.3
5.7
5.0
3.6
1.6
45.3
2.1
1.8
4.1
1.3
5.9
2.3

486.4
2.5
5.1
30.8
5.4
1.8
3.9
2.3
6.6
146.8
10.3
33.4
5.6
105.1
4.3
2.5
3.3
5.7
5.0
3.5
1.6
45.6
2.1
1.8
4.1
1.3
6.0
2.2

2,424.4
18.7
25.9
163.0
41.6
13.6
28.9
14.8
47.4
542.5
55.6
194.9
19.3
577.7
27.2
10.8
21.1
34.0
31.2
24.8
12.7
211.9
11.8
14.3
23.6
9.7
27.8
16.3

2,527.6
19.1
26.9
171.4
42.5
14.0
30.1
15.3
50.4
575.4
58.9
201.8
20.0
606.7
28.2
11.5
21.3
35.8
31.9
25.8
13.1
224.3
12.2
15.0
24.8
10.1
28.2
16.9

2,535.7
19.2
27.0
172.9
42.4
14.1
29.7
15.2
50.7
577.7
58.9
203.0
20.0
609.6
28.1
11.5
21.4
35.9
31.9
25.9
13.1
226.3
12.2
14.9
25.1
10.1
28.1
16.9

1,423.8
9.5
15.2
119.7
24.3
12.6
21.2
24.7
29.3
187.5
51.6
85.2
26.1
236.7
26.1
13.4
10.7
23.0
33.8
15.7
8.2
126.1
5.2
11.3
10.3
5.8
14.5
12.0

1,476.7
10.0
15.7
125.8
26.0
14.0
22.5
23.6
31.1
200.0
53.9
90.9
27.6
249.3
27.7
14.2
11.4
23.6
37.8
17.7
8.7
131.7
5.5
11.5
11.1
6.4
15.3
12.7

1,449.9
9.7
15.3
122.9
24.8
13.3
21.6
24.4
30.1
194.3
53.8
86.4
26.9
240.8
26.6
13.6
10.6
23.0
36.5
17.3
8.5
125.5
5.3
11.0
10.5
6.1
14.7
12.4

Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

52.6
4.0
43.4

54.2
4.2
44.3

54.1
4.2
44.2

270.6
49.7
181.5

280.6
50.3
189.4

280.5
50.7
189.9

159.8
14.8
105.5

181.1
19.0
116.2

165.7
16.5
107.6

Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington

12.6
2.7
5.0

12.3
2.5
5.1

12.5
2.6
5.1

84.3
7.8
29.2

83.4
8.5
30.1

86.5
8.6
30.9

38.0
5.9
11.7

45.4
7.4
14.4

37.9
6.7
13.2

170.0
1.2
4.3
1.4
4.4
31.3
55.5
44.3
9.3

173.0
1.3
4.3
1.5
4.2
32.8
56.9
44.5
9.3

174.2
1.3
4.4
1.5
4.2
33.3
57.4
44.8
9.2

987.1
7.5
19.9
9.4
23.5
197.8
394.6
139.7
40.7

1,042.9
7.8
20.6
10.2
25.5
203.8
424.3
147.1
42.1

1,040.5
7.7
20.0
9.8
24.9
201.7
425.1
144.7
41.7

567.6
5.2
24.4
5.2
12.7
136.7
175.3
90.9
16.9

599.7
5.6
27.1
5.9
12.7
143.7
181.9
95.6
17.9

578.1
5.2
25.7
5.2
12.3
137.9
176.2
92.4
17.2

130.3
78.9
10.9
11.8

135.2
82.4
11.1
12.3

136.8
83.1
11.2
12.3

681.1
373.0
55.8
63.3

715.9
401.3
56.3
64.2

714.0
400.0
56.3
64.6

439.8
173.0
27.1
46.9

470.9
186.1
32.3
48.8

442.7
177.3
28.1
46.7

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

South Carolina
Charieston-North Charleston....
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

South Dakota
R ^ i d City ....
Sioux Falls ...

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Taxaa
Abilene..
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur...
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-Cdlege Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angek)
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

Utah

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.
Spokane
Tacoma




Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
July
1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland ...
Parkersburg-Marietta .
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah .
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Bebit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper..

Puerto Rico .
Caguas
Mayaguez .
Ponce .
San Juan-Bayamon .

Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.




June
1998

July
1998P

June
1998

July
1997

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

721.0
134.5
122.0
70.4
67.1

721.6
135.1
120.3
69.1
68.3

24.5
1.9
1.5
.3
1.6

23.1
1.8
1.3
.3
1.5

22.9
1.8
1.3
.3
1.5

36.7
7.5
6.3
4.9
2.7

37.0
7.4
5.9
3.9
2.8

38.0
7.8
5.9

2.667.5
194.2
71.9
133.8
69.6
49.1
67.0
267.2
826.5
81.4
69.2
65.1

2,751.0
201.9
74.0
136.5
70.3
52.0
69.0
274.8
856.4
84.8
59.8

2,719.9
199.8
73.4
135.8
64.8
50.3
68.1
273.9
846.4
83.6
58.8
66.3

2.9

25

2.6

120.0
11.4
3.5
7.2
2.9
2.3
3.2
13.5
32.5
3.5
2.5
3.2

121.8
11.7
3.6
6.9
3.0
2.2
3.2
13.8
33.0
3.8
2.6
3.2

125.0
12.2
3.7
7.1
3.0
2.3
3.3
14.1
33.8
3.8
2.6
3.3

231.2
30.1

235.3
31.2

232.8
30.7

17.4
2.1

17.4
22

17.8
2.3

17.4
1.9

17.0
2.0

17.7
2.1

712.8
132.4
120.0
70.0

I!

(2)

(2)

55.9
3.1
4.1
4.6
38.6

0)

(M

1.9

1.1

987.5
64.9
69.6
77.5
615.2

O
(2)

42.4

(2)

O
O

(M

(2)
(2)

(M

o

O

3.0

(?)

O
(2)

(2)

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
July
1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.




June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

164.5
32.3
31.1
17.7
17.2

Z2
Z9
9.7
40.4
Z4
1.8
3.5

121.1
7.4
3.4
10.0
2.4
2.1
2.9
9.7
39.3
2.2
1.8
3.5

612.0
40.5
19.9
31.5
16.5
12.3
18.0
56.9
181.0
16.6
11.1
16.0

623.4
43.6
20.1
31.6
16.0
12.3
18.4
56.6
185.2
16.9
11.1
16.3

623.7
43.3
20.0
31.4
15.8
12.3
18.1
56.6
185.2
16.7
11.0
16.5

14.1
1.6

14.1
1.6

55.6
8.5

55.0
8.5

55.6
8.6

39.1
9.6
6.9
2.6
2.7

39.0
9.0
6.7

618.6
60.4
12.5
29.2
21.9
10.2
11.3
30.6
175.3
25.4
24.7
19.0

627.2
60.1
13.1
29.4
22.0
11.6
11.9
30.6
180.1
26.3
24.2
19.2

622.1
58.8
13.3
29.9
17.7
10.5
11.4
30.7
179.2
25.4
24.0
19.4

121.0
7.2
3.4
9.7
2.4
1.9
2.9
9.2
38.6
2.4
1.7
3.2

125.3
7.5
3.4
10.1

10.9
1.5

11.0
1.5

11.1
1.5

14.1
1.7

(2)

O
O
O
(2)

25.9
.7
.7
2.4
19.5

(2)

(2)

2.3

2.3

(?)
(2)

July
1998P

165.1
32.5
31.2
17.6
16.9

82.7
10.3
16.4
13.4
6.2

O

June
1998

162.1
31.2
31.7
17.7
17.3

83.1
10.3
16.6
13.4
6.1

(2)

July
1997

39.1
9.0
6.7
2.6
2.7

81.3
10.1
17.0
13.4
5.8

147.8
15.5
16.2
10.4
68.5

July
1998P

ze

^8

ze

O
O
(2)

O
O
(2)

194.3
14.3
11.8
13.2
128.4

(2)

(2)

9.2

^^

O
O
(2)
(2)

^^
O
O

(2)
(2)

(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
July
1997

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming
Casper

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

Virgin Islands
^ Combined with construction.
2 Not available.
P -preliminary.




June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

28.5
7.6
3.8
2.6
2.9

28.4
7.9
3.9
2.6
2.9

28.3
8.0
4.0
2.6
2.9

201.2
40.6
33.5
19.5
23.3

206.6
41.4
35.7
19.2
23.1

206.5
41.5
35.5
19.5
23.7

139.4
23.9
19.3
9.0
10.5

138.7
24.2
20.7
10.8
11.0

139.6
24.4
19.4
9.0
11.1

142.0
9.7
2.6
9.2
1.9
1.7
2.4
21.5
58.2
2.2
2.1
4.7

145.5
10.1
2.6
9.5
1.9
1.8
2.6
22.4
59.3
2.3
2.2
4.9

146.4
10.2
2.7
9.5
1.9
1.8
2.7
22.5
60.0
2.3
2.3
4.9

691.1
44.4
19.6
32.5
15.7
13.1
20.2
68.5
258.2
22.0
11.4
12.2

711.4
45.7
20.1
32.8
16.0
13.5
21.0
71.0
265.3
23.6
11.4
12.3

712.8
45.6
20.0
33.0
15.5
13.8
20.8
71.5
265.3
23.6
11.4
12.3

359.9
20.5
10.6
14.5
8.2
7.7
9.0
67.0
82.7
9.2
5.7
6.7

393.8
23.2
11.2
16.2
8.8
8.4
8.9
70.8
93.1
9.6
6.5
7.3

366.2
22.4
10.3
14.9
8.5
7.5
8.9
68.9
83.7
9.6
5.7
6.5

8.4
1.2

8.4
1.2

8.5
1.2

55.3
8.4

53.7
8.7

55.6
8.8

52.1
4.8

58.7
5.5

52.4
4.6

47.0
1.6
2.0
2.3
37.1

O
O
O
(2)

1.9

(2)

^^

(2)

186.0
11.4
11.3
16.0
125.9

(2)

(2)

9.9

(2)

O

(2)

329.5
18.3
23.5
28.6
196.6

O
(2)

O
(2)

(2)

14.9

(2)

(2)

O

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

July
1998P

Aug
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

34.8

35.0

34.7

34.8

35.2

-

-

-

-

-

41.0

41.5

41.2

40.9

41.3

-

-

-

-

-

45.1

45.6

44.0

44.1

44.2

43.8
44.7
44.9

44.2
44.3
46.6

45.3
44.1
48.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

44.0
44.1

45.0
45.0

45.0
45.0

42.7
42.5

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field sen^ices

13
131
138

44.4
41.4
45.9

45.1
40.7
47.4

42.5
40.5
43.3

43.0
42.5
43.2

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

48.8
50.9

48.5
50.6

47.5
49.3

48.1
50.2

40.1

39.7

39.1

40.1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

40.1

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

38.8
37.2
38.8
40.4

38.6
37.3
38.7
39.9

38.0
36.7
38.1
39.5

38.6
37.2
38.7
40.1

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

44.6
47.0
43.4

44.1
46.2
43.0

42.8
43.9
42.3

44.6
46.7
43.5

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

39.5
40.2
38.2
40.4
36.9
36.1
37.2

39.1
40.0
38.5
40.4
36.5
36.0
35.9

38.6
39.8
36.8
40.2
36.1
36.7
34.4

39.4
40.3
38.2
40.4
37.0
36.8
36.8

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

41.2
41.9
40.8
41.2
41.8
42.5
39.5
41.1
41.0
40.0
40.5
43.2
38.9
39.0
39.4
40.5

42.0
42.7
41.3
41.6
42.7
43.2
40.9
41.5
40.8
40.9
41.6
43.8
39.4
39.3
39.3
40.6

41.8
42.4
41.6
42.0
42.4
42.7
41.3
42.0
41.7
41.6
42.2
42.5
39.3
41.1
41.3
40.3

41.1
41.5
41.2
41.7
42.1
42.4
41.0
41.5
41.2
41.4
39.6
42.0
38.7
41.0
41.2
39.6

41.7
42.2
41.7

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.5
37.7
37.6
36.8
39.0
39.7
41.7
40.6
43.5
39.4

40.5
39.4
40.2
37.9
38.7
40.7
41.9
42.1
42.7
40.4

40.8
39.7
40.1
38.6
41.0
39.8
41.9
42.6
43.1
40.4

40.2
38.9
38.6
38.7
37.8
40.9
41.4
41.3
43.7
39.8

41.0




June
1998

June
1998

44.3
44.0
47.1

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Aug.
1997

Aug.
1997

10
101
102

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

July
1997

July
1997

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

Construction

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

—

4.5
4.7
4.4
6.0
5.1
5.7
3.0
4.4
3.7
4.4
4.7
5.9
3.3
3.0
2.9
3.6

4.9
5.2
4.6
6.5
5.4
6.0
3.2
4.3
3.4
4.2
4.3
5.9
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.8

4.6
4.8
4.8
6.0
5.0
5.4
3.6
5.2
4.2
6.1
5.4
5.6
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.6

4.4
4.4
4.7
5.6
5.0
5.5
3.3
5.2
4.1
6.1
5.0
5.5
3.1
4.2
4.2
3.2

4.1
4.1

3.4
2.5
2.4
1.7
3.3
4.9
4.4
4.7
5.3
3.3

3.8
3.0
3.0
2.1
3.5
4.9
4.6
5.5
4.9
3.6

3.6
2.9
3.0
2.2
4.0
3.4
4.2
5.1
4.9
4.2

3.8
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.7
4.9
4.4
5.5
5.5
4.1

-

-

—
—

—

_
-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

10
101
102
12
122

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly eamings
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

$12.17

$12.22

$12.66

$12.66

$12.75

$423.52

$427.70

$439.30

$440.57

$448.80

13.93

13.96

14.27

14.34

14.42

571.13

579.34

587.92

586.51

595.55

16.07

15.98

16.73

16.77

16.93

724.76

728.69

736.12

739.56

748.31

17.70
19.19
16.10

17.70
18.93
16.41

18.22
19.61
16.25

18.03
19.78
15.94

784.11
844.36
758.31

775.26
846.17
736.81

805.32
868.72
757.25

816.76
872.30
768.31

18.97
19.29

18.84
19.12

19.14
19.39

18.96
19.25

-

_
-

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

15.54
21.03
12.98

15.42
20.73
13.05

16.47
22.30
13.63

16.63
22.34
13.72

_

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone

14
142

14.31
13.66

14.30
13.72

14.75
14.19

14.88
14.15

_

16.03

16.12

16.44

16.63

Construction

-

-

16.76

_

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

15.03
13.86
15.00
16.14

15.15
14.04
14.95
16.22

15.63
14.57
15.25
16.69

15.79
14.65
14.69
16.94

Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

15.78
16.07
15.63

15.81
16.20
15.61

16.09
16.29
15.99

16.48
16.81
16.31

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

16.41
16.83
14.55
17.82
16.22
15.95
14.36

16.51
16.84
14.77
17.95
16.40
16.33
14.30

16.80
17.10
15.01
18.37
16.73
16.32
14.51

16.95
17.21
15.00
18.52
16.83
16.44
14.98

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

13.10
13.61
10.83
12.36
10.86
11.27
9.12
10.94
11.01
10.72
9.52
13.20
8.24
11.02
11.23
10.34

13.14
13.70
10.81
12.34
10.86
11.31
9.07
10.90
11.01
10.57
9.53
13.26
8.37
10.95
11.13
10.25

13.43
13.94
11.10
12.58
11.03
11.48
9.38
11.25
11.23
11.33
9.95
13.40
8.83
11.38
11.55
10.47

13.38
13.79
11.20
12.63
11.11
11.58
9.35
11.41
11.39
11.46
10.13
13.50
8.83
11.43
11.58
10.52

13.46
13.95
11.24

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

10.53
9.94
9.49
10.48
9.58
10.79
11.59
11.20
11.31
10.42

10.59
9.99
9.54
10.58
9.61
10.73
11.71
11.31
11.39
10.57

10.81
10.19
9.78
10.90
9.69
10.54
11.68
11.82
11.60
11.13

10.93
10.35
9.92
10.98
9.86
10.96
11.78
11.76
11.71
11.03

10.98

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures




-

_
-

_
-

-

-

-

_

834.68
850.69

847.80
860.40

861.30
872.55

809.59
818.13

689.98
870.64
595.78

695.44
843.71
618.57

699.98
903.15
590.18

715.09
949.45
592.70

698.33
695.29

693.55
694.23

700.63
699.57

715.73
710.33

642.80

639.96

642.80

666.86

583.16
515.59
582.00
652.06

584.79
523.69
578.57
647.18

593.94
534.72
581.03
659.26

609.49
544.98
568.50
679.29

703.79
755.29
678.34

697.22
748.44
671.23

688.65
715.13
676.38

735.01
785.03
709.49

648.20
676.57
555.81
719.93
598.52
575.80
534.19

645.54
673.60
568.65
725.18
598.60
587.88
513.37

648.48
680.58
552.37
738.47
603.95
598.94
499.14

667.83
693.56
573.00
748.21
622.71
604.99
551.26

539.72
570.26
441.86
509.23
453.95
478.98
360.24
449.63
451.41
428.80
385.56
570.24
320.54
429.78
442.46
418.77

551.88
584.99
446.45
513.34
463.72
488.59
370.96
452.35
449.21
432.31
396.45
580.79
329.78
430.34
437.41
416.15

561.37
591.06
461.76
528.36
467.67
490.20
387.39
472.50
468.29
471.33
419.89
569.50
347.02
467.72
477.02
421.94

549.92
572.29
461.44
526.67
467.73
490.99
383.35
473.52
469.27
474.44
401.15
567.00
341.72
468.63
477.10
416.59

561.28
588.69
468.71

415.94
374.74
356.82
385.66
373.62
428.36
483.30
454.72
491.99
410.55

428.90
393.61
383.51
400.98
371.91
436.71
490.65
476.15
486.35
427.03

441.05
404.54
392.18
420.74
397.29
419.49
489.39
503.53
499.96
449.65

439.39
402.62
382.91
424.93
372.71
448.26
487.69
485.69
511.73
438.99

450.18

-

—

—

672.08
-

--

—

-

-

-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural day products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

43.3
43.2
42.1
44.4
40.6
39.9
44.8
42.1
38.7
46.3
47.2
44.4
47.0
41.7
41.1
44.9

43.8
46.8
42.2
45.0
40.4
41.7
44.3
42.4
40.2
46.0
47.8
44.6
46.4
42.5
42.6
45.6

43.8
45.8
42.6
44.9
41.2
41.5
45.1
41.9
40.6
46.0
47.7
45.0
46.0
43.0
42.1
46.8

43.7
42.8
41.9
44.4
40.3
40.5
45.5
42.0
40.3
46.9
48.2
45.5
47.5
42.1
40.4
49.5

44.2

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

43.9
44.3
45.1
41.4
44.7
44.9
50.7
42.9
43.7
43.4
44.2
41.9
45.8
44.3
42.0
41.5

44.7
44.8
45.5
44.4
45.6
46.1
54.9
43.6
43.8
43.9
45.1
43.2
45.8
45.8
43.3
43.6

44.4
45.0
45.4
45.0
45.0
45.9
50.3
42.6
43.8
44.7
44.6
43.5
44.9
44.4
42.8
42.8

43.2
43.9
44.7
42.0
43.0
43.3
44.4
41.7
42.9
43.7
43.9
42.7
44.7
42.9
40.3
40.4

43.5
43.8

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

41.6
43.5
43.7
41.2
41.0
41.3
39.7
40.9
39.5
41.9
42.1
41.4
42.7
41.1
41.4
42.7
41.8
43.7
41.7
43.5
41.1
40.7
40.8
39.8
42.4
39.2
39.8
41.4
41.6
39.6

42.5
44.2
44.5
42.3
42.3
42.3
41.1
40.5
41.9
42.5
42.5
41.7
43.4
42.0
42.2
43.9
42.5
45.6
43.0
43.9
43.6
41.4
41.4
40.4
43.0
40.3
41.1
42.4
42.3
40.6

42.6
45.2
45.1
42.9
43.6
43.0
41.8
41.5
40.9
42.7
43.8
42.6
43.3
41.2
42.5
43.9
42.4
45.7
42.9
44.0
43.0
41.8
41.4
40.7
42.6
40.6
41.4
42.1
42.1
40.5

41.5
43.5
43.1
41.1
41.7
41.3
40.8
40.9
41.4
42.5
43.6
41.6
43.0
41.7
42.1
41.5
41.5
41.6
40.2
41.6
38.8
40.2
41.3
40.9
41.9
39.8
41.9
41.3
41.5
39.9

42.2




-

_
-

_

-

-

_
-

_
-

-

_
_
—

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

6.2
6.1
4.7
6.4
3.5
3.2
5.2
5.1
4.2
8.6
9.5
6.9
9.6
5.0
3.7
6.8

6.5
8.1
4.9
7.0
3.6
4.4
5.2
4.9
4.6
8.6
10.1
7.2
9.2
5.2
3.7
7.8

6.5
7.4
4.8
6.7
3.6
4.7
5.7
4.8
4.9
8.6
9.9
7.4
9.1
5.2
3.3
8.1

6.6
6.1
4.7
6.9
3.3
3.8
6.2
4.9
5.2
9.3
9.8
7.9
10.1
5.1
2.5
11.1

6.3
6.2
6.6
5.7
6.7
7.4
8.7
5.1
5.9
5.8
7.3
7.4
8.1
7.2
4.5
4.6

6.9
7.1
7.6
6.5
6.8
7.8
9.8
4.7
6.3
6.3
7.9
7.1
9.6
8.0
5.2
5.4

6.3
6.3
6.5
6.5
6.1
6.8
7.0
5.0
5.8
6.2
7.5
7.4
10.0
6.8
4.9
5.6

6.0
6.2
6.7
5.6
5.5
6.2
3.1
4.9
5.8
6.1
7.3
7.0
9.9
6.3
4.1
4.7

4.6
7.1
7.1
3.9
3.8
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.4
4.7
5.6
4.1
5.2
3.8
4.4
5.2
4.5
6.0
4.6
6.7
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.1
5.2
2.6
2.5
4.3
4.4
3.5

5.1
7.2
7.2
4.7
4.9
4.5
4.3
3.2
4.8
5.0
5.6
4.1
5.6
4.4
4.9
6.0
5.0
7.1
5.6
6.4
5.9
4.4
5.0
4.5
5.7
3.6
3.4
4.6
4.4
3.8

4.9
7.3
6.9
4.3
4.7
4.4
3.5
3.7
3.5
5.1
6.5
4.4
5.4
4.2
4.9
5.6
5.0
6.3
5.3
6.4
5.0
4.5
5.1
5.1
5.0
3.5
3.2
4.1
4.3
3.6

4.5
7.1
6.6
3.9
4.1
4.0
3.6
3.4
3.9
5.2
6.6
4.5
5.5
4.4
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.6
3.7
5.7
2.0
4.0
4.8
4.7
4.9
3.4
3.6
3.9
4.4
3.6

Aug.
1998P

-

_
-

_
_
-

_
-

_
_
_
_
-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

_
_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
—

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

$571.56
802.22
632.34
696.64
590.32
467.23
769.66
488.36
442.34
588.47
589.53
501.28
632.62
572.54
489.50
701.79

$578.60
890.60
635.95
708.75
589.44
491.23
767.28
488.02
462.70
584.66
591.29
503.98
625.47
574.18
501.40
718.20

$594.80
836.77
664.13
737.26
618.41
496.76
815.86
497.77
487.20
605.36
604.84
527.85
642.62
587.38
511.52
736.63

$595.19
763.98
656.99
735.71
606.52
473.85
830.38
499.38
486.42
622.36
610.69
536.45
672.13
581.40
494.90
782.10

$602.45

670.79
803.16
888.92
583.74
616.41
660.93
793.96
539.25
733.72
726.52
637.36
617.19
762.57
637.03
498.96
485.14

677.65
806.40
891.80
618.05
627.46
675.37
827.34
550.23
731.90
733.13
649.44
627.26
764.86
659.52
513.54
501.84

689.53
833.85
917.99
644.85
626.85
670.14
792.73
556.78
745.48
757.67
654.73
660.77
757.46
659.34
528.15
511.46

673.06
813.91
902.05
598.92
592.54
623.52
701.52
556.28
737.45
748.58
641.38
642.21
763.92
632.78
494.88
476.32

672.51
803.73

526.66
713.40
763.00
510.88
486.67
520.79
469.25
469.94
460.57
504.48
508.99
428.49
570.90
506.76
476.51
546.13
511.21
586.02
604.65
627.27
675.27
496.95
438.19
421.08
465.55
602.90
646.75
505.91
520.00
433.22

541.88
731.51
785.43
522.41
509.29
526.64
484.16
462.11
505.73
514.25
518.50
433.68
583.73
518.28
486.14
564.55
520.20
616.97
635.97
629.53
735.10
506.74
447.53
429.05
476.87
617.80
660.89
518.13
527.06
441.73

553.80
756.20
805.04
525.53
528.87
535.78
494.08
477.25
496.53
532.47
558.89
451.13
593.21
529.42
498.53
582.55
535.09
639.34
648.22
639.32
741.75
528.35
462.02
450.96
480.53
587.89
580.43
524.99
540.56
452.39

534.52
730.37
774.51
505.53
511.24
516.25
483.89
469.94
505.49
530.83
559.82
443.87
589.96
534.18
492.15
548.22
522.90
579.90
582.50
602.37
632.83
507.32
460.50
446.63
482.69
587.45
608.39
517.49
535.77
448.48

550.71

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nec
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural day products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nec
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

$13.20
18.57
15.02
15.69
14.54
11.71
17.18
11.60
11.43
12.71
12.49
11.29
13.46
13.73
11.91
15.63

$13.21
19.03
15.07
15.75
14.59
11.78
17.32
11.51
11.51
12.71
12.37
11.30
13.48
13.51
11.77
15.75

$13.58
18.27
15.59
16.42
15.01
11.97
18.09
11.88
12.00
13.16
12.68
11.73
13.97
13.66
12.15
15.74

$13.62
17.85
15.68
16.57
15.05
11.70
18.25
11.89
12.07
13.27
12.67
11.79
14.15
13.81
12.25
15.80

$13.63

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nec
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonfen-ous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

15.28
18.13
19.71
14.10
13.79
14.72
15.66
12.57
16.79
16.74
14.42
14.73
16.65
14.38
11.88
11.69

15.16
18.00
19.60
13.92
13.76
14.65
15.07
12.62
16.71
16.70
14.40
14.52
16.70
14.40
11.86
11.51

15.53
18.53
20.22
14.33
13.93
14.60
15.76
13.07
17.02
16.95
14.68
15.19
16.87
14.85
12.34
11.95

15.58
18.54
20.18
14.26
13.78
14.40
15.80
13.34
17.19
17.13
14.61
15.04
17.09
14.75
12.28
11.79

15.46
18.35

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nec
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nec
Metal services, nec
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nec
Ammunition, except for small arms, nec
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nec
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

12.66
16.40
17.46
12.40
11.87
12.61
11.82
11.49
11.66
12.04
12.09
10.35
13.37
12.33
11.51
12.79
12.23
13.41
14.50
14.42
16.43
12.21
10.74
10.58
10.98
15.38
16.25
12.22
12.50
10.94

12.75
16.55
17.65
12.35
12.04
12.45
11.78
11.41
12.07
12.10
12.20
10.40
13.45
12.34
11.52
12.86
12.24
13.53
14.79
14.34
16.86
12.24
10.81
10.62
11.09
15.33
16.08
12.22
12.46
10.88

13.00
16.73
17.85
12.25
12.13
12.46
11.82
11.50
12.14
12.47
12.76
10.59
13.70
12.85
11.73
13.27
12.62
13.99
15.11
14.53
17.25
12.64
11.16
11.08
11.28
14.48
14.02
12.47
12.84
11.17

12.88
16.79
17.97
12.30
12.26
12.50
11.86
11.49
12.21
12.49
12.84
10.67
13.72
12.81
11.69
13.21
12.60
13.94
14.49
14.48
16.31
12.62
11.15
10.92
11.52
14.76
14.52
12.53
12.91
11.24

13.05




-

-

-

-

-

—

-

_
-

_
_
-

_
-

Industry

Durable goods-~Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. Industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

42.8
44.7
43.9
45.0
41.7
42.0
44.2
43.1
41.5
50.0
42.5
40.8
43.1
43.6
44.1
43.3
42.5
41.6
42.3
41.1
41.4
41.1
42.4
40.8
42.7
42.2
43.5
43.5
41.5
41.8
41.8

43.1
43.4
41.7
44.0
42.2
42.7
44.4
42.9
42.3
50.2
42.5
41.6
43.6
44.2
44.5
43.7
42.7
41.7
42.9
41.7
41.6
42.3
42.9
42.4
44.1
42.4
43.6
44.4
41.4
41.3
41.3

43.2
45.0
42.9
45.7
41.2
41.7
44.3
43.9
41.2
48.1
42.9
41.9
43.2
43.7
44.2
43.5
42.1
42.2
42.4
41.0
42.4
42.1
43.0
42.1
44.2
43.1
43.4
42.6
42.3
40.7
40.7

42.2
42.2
42.0
42.3
39.0
40.4
43.6
42.6
41.0
47.8
42.1
41.4
42.6
43.4
43.5
42.7
41.9
42.7
41.4
40.1
40.8
41.3
41.6
40.4
41.8
42.1
42.8
41.1
41.7
40.8
41.4

42.5

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

42.5
43.0
43.6
42.4
38.4
42.5

41.6
43.7
44.0
43.1
40.1
43.1

41.6
45.8
47.2
42.8
41.2
42.9

41.1
45.2
46.7
41.7
38.7
41.8

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

41.2
41.0
41.8
40.2
40.8
40.6
40.3
38.8
40.4
38.2
40.1
40.8
42.8
40.6
40.3
38.3
41.3
41.1
42.2
44.6
41.9
39.6
43.9
40.7
40.7
39.9
40.9

41.7
41.1
42.1
40.1
41.3
41.4
40.6
38.9
38.7
34.1
41.0
41.9
42.4
41.1
42.2
39.5
42.0
41.2
42.1
43.5
42.1
39.5
43.4
41.2
42.9
43.0
43.6

41.4
40.8
41.5
40.1
41.9
42.0
40.8
40.3
42.0
38.5
40.9
41.4
41.3
40.8
43.0
39.7
40.5
39.7
42.6
45.4
41.0
44.0
41.8
41.4
42.3
43.4
42.8

40.7
39.9
40.7
39.3
41.2
41.6
39.8
40.3
42.9
37.4
40.2
40.2
38.5
40.4
41.9
39.2
39.2
38.2
42.7
45.5
40.5
41.6
42.0
40.9
40.5
41.8
40.6

-

-

41.5
-

_
—

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

5.1
5.4
4.0
5.9
4.5
5.4
5.8
4.8
3.7
9.6
5.1
4.2
5.9
5.7
6.0
6.4
4.7
4.1
4.8
3.9
4.6
4.2
4.7
4.0
6.1
4.2
4.5
5.6
4.5
3.3
2.2

5.5
5.7
4.3
6.2
5.0
5.8
6.2
5.2
4.6
9.9
5.3
4.4
6.1
6.1
5.8
6.6
4.8
3.9
5.2
4.0
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.9
6.3
4.7
4.6
6.1
4.4
3.8
3.6

5.2
6.3
4.6
6.9
3.4
3.7
6.2
5.7
4.2
9.3
5.5
4.4
5.7
5.5
5.6
6.2
4.5
4.2
4.8
3.8
5.2
4.5
5.1
5.1
6.9
4.7
4.4
5.6
4.9
3.4
3.7

4.8
4.8
3.3
5.3
2.8
3.2
5.7
4.8
3.9
8.9
5.0
4.2
5.3
4.9
5.4
5.8
4.1
5.1
4.2
3.2
4.2
4.1
4.4
4.0
5.4
3.9
4.3
4.6
4.8
3.6
4.4

4.8
5.0
5.5
5.4
3.6
5.5

4.6
5.3
5.8
5.8
4.3
5.9

3.5
5.9
6.6
5.5
5.4
5.5

3.3
6.1
6.9
4.8
3.9
4.9

3.9
4.1
3.8
4.3
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.0
3.1
1.9
2.4
3.9
4.4
4.3
3.0
1.6
4.5
3.2
3.8
4.6
4.4
4.4
5.6
3.1
3.5
4.4
3.1

4.2
4.1
4.4
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.2
2.7
2.2
1.2
3.4
4.5
4.9
4.4
3.5
2.9
5.3
3.4
3.9
4.6
4.5
4.5
5.3
3.5
4.7
4.7
5.3

3.8
4.2
3.6
4.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
2.2
1.9
1.2
2.2
3.9
3.7
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.6
3.4
3.4
4.7
3.9
3.8
4.6
3.8
4.3
5.0
4.6

3.4
3.6
2.9
4.2
3.6
3.8
2.9
2.6
3.3
1.3
2.3
3.4
3.0
3.5
3.3
2.6
4.0
3.1
3.5
4.7
3.6
3.5
4.6
3.4
2.9
4.5
2.4

Aug.
1998P

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

_
_
—

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nec
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nec
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nec
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nec ..
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nec
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment




1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly eamings
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

$14.02
17.27
19.16
16.60
13.98
14.91
13.60
13.96
14.38
13.34
13.68
12.47
14.79
14.54
15.23
15.51
13.05
12.16
14.68
12.80
15.50
14.55
13.65
14.37
14.84
14.55
11.45
14.59
12.93
14.18
15.47

$14.03
16.59
19.45
15.65
13.90
14.68
13.54
13.88
14.71
13.30
13.68
12.36
14.82
14.58
15.15
15.55
13.08
12.10
14.74
12.78
15.93
14.59
13.72
14.47
14.77
14.53
11.52
14.64
13.03
14.25
15.65

$14.40
17.16
20.16
16.23
13.76
14.52
13.72
14.07
14.65
13.62
13.72
12.66
15.27
15.12
15.63
15.96
13.36
12.43
15.07
13.15
16.27
14.63
14.07
14.67
15.35
14.70
11.73
15.07
13.57
15.10
16.35

$14.42
17.56
19.28
16.96
13.88
14.22
13.62
13.90
14.53
13.64
13.60
12.67
15.32
15.09
15.70
16.07
13.38
12.61
15.02
13.04
16.19
14.75
13.99
14.57
14.96
14.81
11.77
14.85
13.60
15.40
16.79

$14.39

$600.06
771.97
841.12
747.00
582.97
626.22
601.12
601.68
596.77
667.00
581.40
508.78
637.45
633.94
671.64
671.58
554.63
505.86
620.96
526.08
641.70
598.01
578.76
586.30
633.67
614.01
498.08
634.67
536.60
592.72
646.65

$604.69
720.01
811.07
688.60
586.58
626.84
601.18
595.45
622.23
667.66
581.40
514.18
646.15
644.44
674.18
679.54
558.52
504.57
632.35
532.93
662.69
617.16
588.59
613.53
651.36
616.07
502.27
650.02
539.44
588.53
646.35

$622.08
772.20
864.86
741.71
566.91
605.48
607.80
617.67
603.58
655.12
588.59
530.45
659.66
660.74
690.85
694.26
562.46
524.55
638.97
539.15
689.85
615.92
605.01
617.61
678.47
633.57
509.08
641.98
574.01
614.57
665.45

$608.52
741.03
809.76
717.41
541.32
574.49
593.83
592.14
595.73
651.99
572.56
524.54
652.63
654.91
682.95
686.19
560.62
538.45
621.83
522.90
660.55
609.18
581.98
588.63
625.33
623.50
503.76
610.34
567.12
628.32
695.11

$611.58

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

13.33
12.75
13.08
13.56
14.05
13.39

13.27
12.81
13.15
13.60
14.22
13.41

13.88
13.08
13.40
14.06
14.65
13.91

13.87
12.89
13.19
14.07
14.41
13.94

566.53
548.25
570.29
574.94
539.52
569.08

552.03
559.80
578.60
586.16
570.22
577.97

577.41
599.06
632.48
601.77
603.58
596.74

570.06
582.63
615.97
586.72
557.67
582.69

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

12.69
12.70
11.77
13.61
12.15
11.31
13.67
12.30
13.14
14.88
10.40
12.60
15.61
13.13
11.22
9.04
11.25
10.79
14.15
15.50
12.51
14.77
15.88
10.41
13.13
14.59
12.81

12.75
12.75
11.95
13.53
12.10
11.25
13.69
12.03
13.12
13.85
10.59
12.65
15.84
12.93
11.31
9.07
11.52
10.84
13.95
15.17
12.62
15.03
16.11
10.43
13.60
14.83
13.69

13.08
13.09
12.10
13.97
12.39
11.50
14.13
12.31
13.24
14.02
10.57
12.72
16.49
13.09
11.74
9.36
12.13
11.63
13.87
14.59
13.22
14.62
17.49
10.69
13.74
15.14
14.02

13.16
13.10
12.14
13.93
12.40
11.49
14.16
12.49
13.49
14.21
11.12
12.75
17.01
13.04
11.73
9.41
12.31
11.59
13.95
14.57
13.41
14.89
17.68
10.76
13.44
14.97
13.41

522.83
520.70
491.99
547.12
495.72
459.19
550.90
477.24
530.86
568.42
417.04
514.08
668.11
533.08
452.17
346.23
464.63
443.47
597.13
691.30
524.17
584.89
697.13
423.69
534.39
582.14
523.93

531.68
524.03
503.10
542.55
499.73
465.75
555.81
467.97
507.74
472.29
434.19
530.04
671.62
531.42
477.28
358.27
483.84
446.61
587.30
659.90
531.30
593.69
699.17
429.72
583.44
637.69
596.88

541.51
534.07
502.15
560.20
519.14
483.00
576.50
496.09
556.08
539.77
432.31
526.61
681.04
534.07
504.82
371.59
491.27
461.71
590.86
662.39
542.02
643.28
731.08
442.57
581.20
657.08
600.06

535.61
522.69
494.10
547.45
510.88
477.98
563.57
503.35
578.72
531.45
447.02
512.55
654.89
526.82
491.49
368.87
482.55
442.74
595.67
662.94
543.11
619.42
742.56
440.08
544.32
625.75
544.45

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

-

-

-

-

13.23
—

-

-

549.05
--

_
-

_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

42.4
42.1
43.4
44.2
41.2
43.9
43.4
41.4
46.3
44.1
42.1
43.8
39.6
44.3
42.5
42.7
38.8
36.7

44.3
44.7
45.1
43.5
44.8
43.1
44.4
44.4
44.2
44.7
42.4
44.4
39.5
45.5
43.3
43.5
40.1
38.5

42.9
42.7
41.4
44.7
43.3
43.6
44.3
44.2
44.6
44.3
41.7
41.8
41.5
43.3
42.2
41.4
41.2
39.5

41.0
39.7
39.0
41.8
39.7
41.4
43.5
43.4
44.0
43.3
42.3
43.7
40.3
42.2
41.7
40.9
41.0
40.2

42.5
42.0

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.2
42.6
41.0
39.2
41.5
41.0
40.7
41.3
40.0
39.6
43.0
39.5

42.1
43.2
41.6
40.9
42.2
41.2
42.1
42.9
41.3
41.2
43.1
41.1

41.3
42.0
41.1
40.6
41.2
41.4
41.2
41.1
41.1
40.5
42.9
39.4

40.7
41.5
40.4
38.1
40.7
41.0
40.5
41.0
39.9
39.5
42.4
39.6

41.1

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

39.5
38.9
38.3
38.8
39.2
38.1
39.7
40.5
38.5
38.8
39.9
41.2

40.3
40.0
39.7
40.8
39.9
39.8
39.9
39.8
38.7
38.4
40.9
41.5

39.9
39.6
38.7
41.0
39.6
38.8
40.0
39.1
38.6
37.7
40.5
41.3

39.2
37.8
37.1
40.4
39.5
39.0
39.7
37.8
36.8
36.6
39.9
40.7

39.7

40.3

40.9

40.9

40.6

41.1
40.1
40.9
42.1
38.9
42.8
41.9
42.6
40.8
40.5
41.8
38.7
45.6
46.8
43.7

41.8
40.6
41.9
42.2
39.3
42.1
41.9
42.5
43.0
42.6
45.0
41.0
45.6
46.0
43.7

41.5
41.0
42.3
42.2
39.9
42.6
42.1
41.3
41.0
43.1
39.1
39.5
45.1
45.6
44.2

41.7
40.9
43.3
42.7
38.9
42.2
41.5
41.4
41.5
42.2
41.2
39.9
46.7
46.6
44.9

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec




20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

5.0
4.8
4.7
5.4
4.8
4.3
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.9
3.8
4.7
2.6
3.9
4.1
4.3
3.5
1.9

6.1
6.4
6.4
5.2
6.7
3.8
7.0
7.1
6.3
7.3
4.3
5.2
3.0
5.2
4.8
5.0
3.6
2.2

5.2
5.1
4.9
5.8
5.2
5.3
6.1
6.1
6.0
6.2
4.6
5.0
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.7
3.7
2.3

4.0
3.3
2.7
4.8
3.4
3.4
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.8
4.3
5.0
3.3
3.9
3.4
3.4
3.7
2.5

3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.2
2.9
2.4
7.4
3.0

4.0
3.8
3.4
3.7
3.3
3.0
3.8
4.2
3.7
3.2
7.6
3.2

3.3
3.4
3.0
3.9
2.9
1.6
3.4
3.3
3.6
2.3
4.5
2.1

2.9
3.2
2.6
3.2
2.8
1.4
3.1
3.1
3.2
1.9
4.1
2.3

2.8
1.4
1.3
2.2
2.5
2.0
2.7
3.4
2.3
2.1
3.3
4.2

3.3
2.3
2.0
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.3
2.9
3.1
3.9
4.7

2.9
2.2
2.0
2.8
2.3
1.5
2.6
3.4
1.9
1.1
3.5
4.2

2.6
1.5
1.5
3.3
2.0
1.6
2.2
3.4
1.6
1.1
3.2
3.9

_

41.0

4.3

4.6

4.3

4.3

4.5

42.2

5.3
4.5
5.2
6.0
3.6
5.4
4.4
4.9
6.1
4.6
7.5
5.2
7.3
7.9
6.3

5.7
4.5
5.0
6.0
3.6
5.3
4.8
5.1
7.6
7.2
9.7
6.4
7.4
7.5
6.3

5.0
4.6
4.7
6.1
3.9
5.5
4.9
4.7
5.1
6.0
4.6
4.4
6.6
6.7
6.1

5.4
4.8
5.7
6.4
3.7
5.3
4.5
4.8
5.9
5.6
7.1
4.8
8.3
8.2
7.5

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
-

—

Aug.
1998P

-

-

-

_
_
-

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
—

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

$17.20
17.52
21.02
14.63
16.17
11.04
18.86
(2)
18.44
16.69
13.20
14.60
10.93
16.72
19.60
(2)
11.25
10.91

$17.43
17.83
21.14
14.67
16.50
11.17
18.84
(2)
18.64
16.72
13.16
14.50
10.99
16.94
19.67
(2)
11.54
11.49

$17.45
17.84
21.90
15.13
16.36
11.49
18.98
(2)
18.90
16.72
13.24
14.60
11.29
16.98
20.07
(2)
11.78
11.92

$16.92
16.96
21.57
15.17
15.47
11.20
19.08
(2)
18.99
16.81
13.32
14.59
11.37
17.01
19.88
(2)
11.77
11.74

$17.39
17.72

$729.28
737.59
912.27
646.65
666.20
484.66
818.52

$772.15
797.00
953.41
638.15
739.20
481.43
836.50

$748.61
761.77
906.66
676.31
708.39
500.96
840.81

$693.72
673.31
841.23
634.11
614.16
463.68
829.98

$739.08
744.24

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control Instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instrument
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

13.50
16.89
13.50
11.70
13.06
15.45
12.46
11.79
11.55
10.10
15.90
10.02

13.48
16.85
13.50
11.62
13.13
15.52
12.50
11.81
11.57
10.00
15.95
9.95

13.71
17.13
13.74
11.81
13.68
15.90
12.81
12.04
11.90
10.19
16.45
10.41

13.74
17.36
13.81
12.10
13.75
16.00
12.72
11.94
11.85
10.19
16.47
10.80

13.77

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nec
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

10.51
10.84
10.91
10.72
9.93
9.49
10.13
11.15
9.47
8.41
10.79
11.28

10.57
10.96
11.04
10.67
10.04
9.54
10.29
11.16
9.38
8.31
10.84
11.47

10.82
11.38
11.49
10.91
10.36
10.07
10.47
11.34
9.70
8.87
10.98
11.58

10.84
11.29
11.35
11.06
10.51
10.18
10.65
11.48
9.66
8.68
10.92
11.52

10.84

12.36

12.33

12.69

12.79

12.75

11.51
9.35
9.95
10.71
8.47
13.29
12.04
13.91
11.02
14.52
11.58
10.33
14.37
12.74
11.35

11.76
9.61
10.20
10.92
8.74
13.46
12.35
14.16
11.25
15.10
12.31
10.35
14.80
13.01
11.65

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nec
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nec




20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

11.52
9.38
10.08
10.82
8.44
13.20
12.11
13.90
11.12
14.60
12.15
10.23
14.32
12.48
11.24

11.77
9.71
10.26
10.99
8.85
13.52
12.43
14.12
11.06
14.65
11.62
10.48
15.06
13.04
11.73

-

-

-

11.76
-

-

-

853.77
736.03
555.72
639.48
432.83
740.70
833.00
-

-

823.89
747.38
557.98
643.80
434.11
770.77
851.71

-

842.94
740.70
552.11
610.28
468.54
735.23
846.95

-

835.56
727.87
563.44
637.58
458.21
717.82
829.00
-

-

-

436.50
400.40

462.75
442.37

485.34
470.84

482.57
471.95

556.20
719.51
553.50
458.64
541.99
633.45
507.12
486.93
462.00
399.96
683.70
395.79

567.51
727.92
561.60
475.26
554.09
639.42
526.25
506.65
477.84
412.00
687.45
408.95

566.22
719.46
564.71
479.49
563.62
658.26
527.77
494.84
489.09
412.70
705.71
410.15

559.22
720.44
557.92
461.01
559.63
656.00
515.16
489.54
472.82
402.51
698.33
427.68

565.95

415.15
421.68
417.85
415.94
389.26
361.57
402.16
451.58
364.60
326.31
430.52
464.74

425.97
438.40
438.29
435.34
400.60
379.69
410.57
444.17
363.01
319.10
443.36
476.01

431.72
450.65
444.66
447.31
410.26
390.72
418.80
443.39
374.42
334.40
444.69
478.25

424.93
426.76
421.09
446.82
415.15
397.02
422.81
433.94
355.49
317.69
435.71
468.86

430.35

498.11

504.30

519.02

519.27

522.75

488.04
394.01
431.46
460.82
348.73
573.40
519.94
584.81
461.25
650.81
481.32
408.83
667.48
593.26
514.93

490.81
397.14
444.26
469.27
344.27
570.54
515.85
584.57
458.99
618.23
478.74
418.15
703.30
607.66
526.68

496.27

473.47
376.14
412.27
455.52
328.32
564.96
507.41
592.14
453.70
591.30
507.87
395.90
652.99
584.06
491.19

481.12
379.61
416.91
451.96
332.87
559.51
504.48
591.18
473.86
618.55
521.10
423.53
655.27
586.04
496.00

-

—

-

-

-

_
—

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Average overtime hours

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

205
2051

40.1
40.1

40.6
40.1

41.0
40.9

41.0
40.6

_

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

40.1
39.1
41.5
46.2
41.7
37.8
42.4
44.3
47.1
45.0
40.7

41.5
40.7
41.1
48.6
42.9
39.7
42.1
44.2
47.3
43.7
40.4

41.1
40.6
45.8
49.7
41.3
40.3
43.0
44.9
48.2
45.8
39.0

41.8
40.1
50.9
48.1
42.0
39.3
42.5
44.2
47.3
45.2
40.6

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

35.3
35.0

37.8
38.5

39.9
39.6

39.2
38.9

39.4

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit undenwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yam spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

40.6
41.8
40.6
41.1
39.8
39.5
37.6
37.7
40.4
38.4
39.8
41.9
42.3
41.2
40.8
40.6
41.7
35.8
41.4

41.6
42.5
41.5
42.2
40.1
40.4
39.2
38.3
40.9
39.0
41.2
42.4
42.9
42.4
42.0
42.3
42.8
39.3
42.6

41.5
41.9
41.6
39.4
40.6
40.9
38.6
38.8
42.4
39.3
41.3
41.9
41.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
42.3
36.6
42.5

40.4
40.8
40.9
39.6
40.5
39.9
38.5
38.9
42.0
36.7
38.1
41.0
43.0
38.9
40.6
40.5
41.8
35.6
40.2

41.1

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work dothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's undenwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

36.6
37.6
35.5
34.1
35.1
36.7
35.6
35.5
37.1
36.7
35.1
36.5
36.7
36.1
36.8
36.7
36.8
38.5
36.6
39.6
37.5

37.4
36.7
37.0
36.4
36.3
37.4
36.0
36.3
37.8
39.0
35.1
37.6
37.4
38.1
37.4
37.9
37.7
39.2
35.1
39.9
40.3

37.8
38.3
37.5
36.7
36.9
37.6
36.6
35.6
36.8
38.3
36.3
37.5
37.3
37.9
37.6
38.7
36.6
39.5
36.0
40.1
39.9

36.9
38.2
36.9
35.5
36.5
36.0
35.7
35.4
36.4
37.0
35.4
36.3
36.7
35.1
36.5
39.2
36.1
38.2
34.0
39.8
37.0

37.5

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

26
262
263

43.3
44.7
44.3

43.4
44.2
43.3

43.5
44.4
45.4

42.9
43.3
44.3

43.0

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, aackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products




-

-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

_
_
_
-

_
-

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

-

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

4.7
4.9

5.0
5.1

5.1
5.6

5.4
5.4

4.4
3.7
4.0
9.5
3.0
3.3
6.2
6.6
8.2
7.6
5.4

4.8
4.2
3.9
10.8
3.9
3.8
6.7
6.4
8.2
6.6
5.7

4.1
3.7
6.0
9.6
2.3
3.7
5.8
6.3
8.4
7.2
4.1

5.4
3.8
7.7
9.2
3.0
3.7
6.1
6.2
8.0
7.0
5.4

2.8
3.1

2.9
3.5

2.7
2.7

3.0
3.0

_

4.4
5.8
4.6
5.8
2.8
3.5
2.6
3.2
3.2
2.8
4.9
5.2
5.7
4.2
4.5
4.4
4.7
2.6
4.5

4.8
5.9
5.2
6.0
2.6
3.7
2.8
3.2
3.6
2.5
5.3
5.6
6.2
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.4
3.2
5.0

4.7
5.5
5.1
4.2
2.9
3.9
2.5
3.3
3.8
2.0
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.6
5.6
4.4
4.7
3.2
5.0

4.4
5.3
4.9
3.9
2.9
3.6
2.5
3.6
3.6
1.5
4.7
5.2
5.6
4.9
5.3
4.4
4.8
3.1
4.2

_

2.0
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.7
3.0
2.7
2.8
1.2
3.0
1.0
4.0
2.2

2.2
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.7
2.8
2.5
1.5
1.9
1.7
2.6
3.4
3.3
1.7
3.5
1.0
4.0
3.8

2.2
1.1
1.8
1.4
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.5
2.1
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.5
2.3
3.5
4.3
0.8
3.5
1.2
4.1
3.6

1.9
1.0
1.7
1.1
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.6
2.1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.4
2.2
2.8
4.4
0.9
2.8
1.0
4.1
1.7

5.9
6.7
7.4

5.8
6.3
7.0

5.5
6.1
7.0

5.6
6.4
7.4

Aug.
1998P

-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

-

-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

_

-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
PoHo
OOUo

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly eamings
Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

$12.48
12.69

$12.67
12.77

$12.81
12.90

$12.77
12.83

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

12.09
13.27
11.54
17.63
14.04
12.42
12.90
16.01
22.12
13.40
10.12

12.51
13.06
11.92
17.86
14.39
12.04
12.68
15.88
22.01
13.33
10.29

12.64
13.37
11.05
17.88
14.27
12.64
12.78
15.85
21.99
13.31
10.60

12.64
13.39
9.98
18.38
14.59
12.53
12.88
15.90
22.13
13.36
10.58

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

20.96
24.78

19.86
24.83

20.89
24.76

20.69
24.22

$18.98

Textile mill products
Broad woven fabric mills, cotton
Broad woven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nec
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

10.02
10.51
10.95
10.64
9.06
9.11
8.51
9.11
8.50
9.30
9.84
10.27
10.21
10.72
10.03
9.75
9.74
9.78
11.59

10.02
10.46
10.96
10.53
9.12
9.10
8.48
9.12
8.54
9.18
9.81
10.29
10.21
10.84
10.07
9.77
9.79
9.92
11.51

10.36
10.87
11.27
10.96
9.48
9.45
8.90
9.53
8.74
9.86
10.24
10.57
10.34
11.18
10.30
10.03
10.02
10.08
11.88

10.36
10.92
11.29
11.00
9.64
9.47
8.86
9.55
8.77
10.06
10.15
10.63
10.49
11.20
10.17
10.05
10.03
10.18
11.87

10.41

8.54

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products.
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

205
2051

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nec
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's undenwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nec
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

8.19
8.41
7.71
7.57
7.92
7.43
7.79
6.96
8.68
7.98
7.66
7.89
7.77
8.24
7.56
7.34
7.74
9.16
8.12
8.80
10.75

8.23
8.31
7.73
7.59
7.91
7.54
7.92
7.02
8.89
8.02
7.78
7.79
7.59
8.36
7.54
7.12
7.78
9.17
8.16
8.78
10.63

8.50
8.67
7.96
7.81
8.17
7.81
8.18
7.38
9.39
8.14
7.99
8.15
8.02
8.50
8.23
8.12
8.13
9.33
8.24
8.98
10.74

8.48
8.69
7.95
7.77
8.19
7.72
8.24
7.48
9.48
8.08
8.05
8.16
7.92
8.80
8.25
8.07
8.13
9.24
8.22
9.02
10.63

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills

26
262
263

15.16
19.27
18.54

15.11
19.20
18.77

15.45
19.77
19.26

15.62
20.10
19.53




-

-

-

-

-

_
-

15.57
-

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

$500.45
508.87

$514.40
512.08

$525.21
527.61

$523.57
520.90

484.81
518.86
478.91
814.51
585.47
469.48
546.96
709.24
1,041.85
603.00
411.88

519.17
531.54
489.91
868.00
617.33
477.99
533.83
701.90
1,041.07
582.52
415.72

519.50
542.82
506.09
888.64
589.35
509.39
549.54
711.67
1,059.92
609.60
413.40

528.35
536.94
507.98
884.08
612.78
492.43
547.40
702.78
1,046.75
603.87
429.55

739.89
867.30

750.71
955.96

833.51
980.50

811.05
942.16

$747.81

406.81
439.32
444.57
437.30
360.59
359.85
319.98
343.45
343.40
357.12
391.63
430.31
431.88
441.66
409.22
395.85
406.16
350.12
479.83

416.83
444.55
454.84
444.37
365.71
367.64
332.42
349.30
349.29
358.02
404.17
436.30
438.01
459.62
422.94
413.27
419.01
389.86
490.33

429.94
455.45
468.83
431.82
384.89
386.51
343.54
369.76
370.58
387.50
422.91
442.88
431.18
475.15
440.84
412.23
423.85
368.93
504.90

418.54
445.54
461.76
435.60
390.42
377.85
341.11
371.50
368.34
369.20
386.72
435.83
451.07
435.68
412.90
407.03
419.25
362.41
477.17

427.85

299.75
316.22
273.71
258.14
277.99
272.68
277.32
247.08
322.03
292.87
268.87
287.99
285.16
297.46
278.21
269.38
284.83
352.66
297.19
348.48
403.13

307.80
304.98
286.01
276.28
287.13
282.00
285.12
254.83
336.04
312.78
273.08
292.90
283.87
318.52
282.00
269.85
293.31
359.46
286.42
350.32
428.39

321.30
332.06
298.50
286.63
301.47
293.66
299.39
262.73
345.55
311.76
290.04
305.63
299.15
322.15
309.45
314.24
297.56
368.54
296.64
360.10
428.53

312.91
331.96
293.36
275.84
298.94
277.92
294.17
264.79
345.07
298.96
284.97
296.21
290.66
308.88
301.13
316.34
293.49
352.97
279.48
359.00
393.31

320.25

656.43
861.37
821.32

655.77
848.64
812.74

672.08
877.79
874.40

670.10
870.33
865.18

669.51

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

_
-

-

industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.1
43.4
43.2
42.8
42.2
43.3
42.5
40.6

43.8
44.2
42.6
43.6
42.4
43.8
42.1
41.5

43.2
43.9
43.0
42.5
42.6
44.0
43.0
40.5

42.7
43.3
42.4
42.3
42.5
43.2
42.6
39.7

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

38.1
32.9
36.3
39.1
36.7
42.2
36.2
39.6
39.4
39.7
41.6
39.6
39.9

38.6
33.2
36.8
40.6
37.4
44.4
36.9
40.1
40.0
39.8
41.7
39.6
39.4

37.9
33.1
35.7
38.3
36.8
39.9
36.6
39.4
39.1
40.0
41.7
39.6
40.7

38.1
32.8
35.8
38.9
37.0
40.9
36.8
39.6
39.4
39.8
41.4
39.9
40.0

38.5

42.7
46.0
45.6
43.3
44.4
42.4
40.6
40.7
40.5
43.2
41.8
38.8
42.4
44.1
44.3
44.1
44.6
43.1

43.0
46.3
45.7
43.5
44.7
42.4
41.1
41.4
41.5
43.1
41.8
40.7
43.4
43.9
44.5
43.8
43.9
43.3

43.2
45.0
44.9
43.3
44.0
42.8
42.1
42.2
41.7
44.1
42.1
40.4
43.2
44.6
44.7
44.5
44.5
43.2

42.7
45.1
44.9
43.2
44.0
42.9
41.4
41.2
40.3
43.5
40.1
39.1
42.2
44.6
43.8
44.8
44.8
42.3

43.0

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .. 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic audes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Aug.
1998P

-

_
-

_

-

-

_
-

-

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

5.9
6.3
5.6
5.7
4.9
4.6
5.4
3.8

6.2
6.6
4.9
6.2
4.9
4.6
5.1
4.3

5.5
5.9
5.7
5.5
4.7
4.6
5.6
3.2

5.6
5.8
5.7
5.9
4.8
4.2
5.4
3.1

3.1
1.3
2.7
3.8
2.1
5.9
2.1
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.9
2.7
4.3

3.5
1.4
3.0
4.6
2.7
6.7
2.7
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.5

2.9
1.4
2.0
2.9
2.3
3.6
2.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.9
3.1
4.4

3.1
1.3
2.1
3.9
2.8
5.2
2.1
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.2
3.2
4.3

5.0
6.1
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.2
4.2
4.0
3.3
4.4
3.8
2.7
5.0
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.0
4.8

5.2
6.1
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.1
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.7
4.3
3.9
5.1
6.1
6.3
6.0
5.8
5.1

5.1
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.1
5.2
4.7
4.6
3.7
5.2
4.2
2.7
5.2
6.2
6.4
6.1
6.4
4.8

5.0
6.1
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.1
4.1
3.7
3.7
5.4
3.7
2.9
4.6
6.2
5.7
6.3
6.5
4.6

6.4
5.1
10.3

6.9
5.9
10.1

6.5
5.5
9.6

7.1
6.0
10.6

4.2
6.4
2.9
4.8
5.6
3.8
4.0

4.6
6.3
2.8
5.0
6.1
4.5
4.4

4.6
5.5
2.7
4.7
6.5
4.5
4.5

4.2
5.2
3.0
4.0
5.9
3.4
4.3

1.9
4.3
1.2
1.0
1.2
3.3
0.9

1.9
4.5
1.5
1.5
1.1
2.1
1.8

2.2
4.9
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.1
1.8

1.7
3.2
1.5
1.2
2.1
1.4
1.3

Aug.
1998P

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

42.8
42.0
45.5

43.0
42.2
45.6

43.2
42.2
45.8

44.6
44.3
46.0

42.5

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

41.0
43.4
41.6
41.6
42.3
40.9
40.7

41.7
43.5
39.4
42.4
43.2
42.2
41.4

42.0
42.9
39.2
42.4
45.2
42.6
41.8

41.1
42.8
43.0
40.9
43.2
39.9
41.2

41.4

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

37.8
38.4
37.2
37.6
37.9
40.8
37.2

38.4
42.3
37.4
37.7
36.5
38.8
38.5

38.1
40.7
37.5
37.5
37.0
36.6
37.3

36.5
34.6
36.9
36.7
38.2
36.1
37.3

38.0

33.1

33.3

33.0

33.2

33.5

-

-

-

-

-

39.5

40.5

39.6

39.7

40.2

-

-

-

-

-

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities




-

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nec
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nec
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

265
2663
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

$12.98
12.96
12.98
13.73
13.18
14.92
11.88
11.93

$12.94
12.95
12.81
13.79
13.21
14.96
11.94
12.03

$13.12
13.07
13.62
13.87
13.49
15.44
12.33
12.60

$13.21
13.18
13.43
14.07
13.61
15.64
12.35
12.57

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

13.01
12.90
14.27
12.23
11.54
12.98
12.91
13.24
13.52
12.53
13.94
10.12
16.06

13.07
12.86
14.43
12.35
11.61
13.07
12.79
13.32
13.56
12.62
13.83
10.17
16.41

13.33
13.10
14.68
12.59
12.07
13.11
12.81
13.58
13.86
12.82
14.22
10.48
16.57

13.43
13.23
14.84
12.75
12.09
13.37
12.73
13.72
13.98
12.96
14.54
10.48
16.65

$13.44

16.59
18.64
18.95
17.40
19.31
14.87
16.30
16.03
13.27
16.60
12.63
11.94
14.04
19.88
20.57
19.85
16.75
15.20

16.57
18.60
18.94
17.47
19.46
14.90
16.45
16.28
13.20
16.55
12.84
11.83
14.13
19.70
19.99
19.75
16.93
15.14

17.05
19.04
19.64
17.89
19.80
14.95
16.99
16.84
13.82
17.21
13.58
12.31
14.41
20.37
20.30
20.52
16.88
15.26

17.22
19.12
19.58
18.03
19.79
15.18
17.11
16.91
13.93
17.68
13.47
12.34
14.46
20.63
20.34
20.83
17.16
15.52

17.18

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations .. 2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
2869
Industrial organic chemicals, nec
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Aug.
1998P

-

_
-

-

_
-

-

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

$559.44
562.46
560.74
587.64
556.20
846.04
504.90
484.36

$566.77
572.39
545.71
601.24
560.10
655.25
502.67
499.25

$566.78
573.77
585.66
589.48
574.67
679.36
530.19
510.30

$564.07
570.69
569.43
595.16
578.43
675.65
526.11
499.03

495.68
424.41
518.00
478.19
423.52
547.76
467.34
524.30
532.69
497.44
579.90
400.75
640.79

504.50
426.95
531.02
501.41
434.21
580.31
471.95
534.13
542.40
502.28
576.71
402.73
646.55

505.21
433.61
524.08
482.20
444.18
523.09
468.85
535.05
541.93
512.80
592.97
415.01
674.40

511.68
433.94
531.27
495.98
447.33
546.83
468.46
543.31
550.81
515.81
601.96
418.15
666.00

$517.44

708.39
857.44
864.12
753.42
857.36
630.49
661.78
652.42
537.44
717.12
527.93
463.27
595.30
876.71
911.25
875.39
747.05
655.12

712.51
861.18
865.56
759.95
869.86
631.76
676.10
673.99
547.80
713.31
536.71
481.48
613.24
864.83
889.56
865.05
743.23
655.56

736.56
856.80
881.84
774.64
871.20
639.86
715.28
710.65
576.29
758.96
571.72
497.32
622.51
908.50
907.41
913.14
751.16
659.23

735.29
862.31
879.14
778.90
870.76
651.22
708.35
696.69
561.38
769.08
540.15
462.49
610.21
920.10
890.89
933.18
768.77
656.50

738.74

856.00
947.10
686.60

858.71
947.81
688.56

894.67
988.75
714.94

929.46
1,039.72
728.64

880.18

474.37
801.16
392.29
485.89
505.49
460.53
442.82

482.47
808.67
390.06
497.35
513.65
476.02
450.02

496.02
796.22
398.27
502.44
541.50
495.44
465.65

489.50
793.94
435.59
486.30
526.61
460.45
463.50

489.76

331.88
456.96
306.90
334.26
278.57
365.98
289.04

341.76
495.33
312.66
338.92
271.20
342.60
303.00

356.24
497.35
332.63
356.63
286.38
339.28
307.35

337.63
420.39
325.09
348.28
294.90
336.81
306.98

358.34

-

-

-

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

20.00
22.55
15.09

19.97
22.46
15.10

20.71
23.43
15.61

20.84
23.47
15.84

20.71

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nec
Miscellaneous plastics products, nec

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

11.57
18.46
9.43
11.68
11.95
11.26
10.88

11.57
18.59
9.90
11.73
11.89
11.28
10.87

11.81
18.56
10.16
11.85
11.98
11.63
11.14

11.91
18.55
10.13
11.89
12.19
11.54
11.25

11.83

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

8.78
11.90
8.25
8.89
7.35
8.97
7.77

8.90
11.71
8.36
8.99
7.43
8.83
7.87

9.35
12.22
8.87
9.51
7.74
9.27
8.24

9.25
12.15
8.81
9.49
7.72
9.33
8.23

11.58

11.64

12.13

12.13

12.21

383.30

387.61

400.29

402.72

409.04

14.99

15.04

15.22

15.34

15.32

592.11

609.12

602.71

609.00

615.86

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities




-

-

9.43
-

_
-

-

-

-

_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

4011

48.5

48.8

46.7

46.2

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

35.4
38.3
38.2

35.2
38.5
38.3

34.6
39.0
37.7

35.7
39.0
38.9

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

40.3
40.3
39.8

41.2
41.2
40.3

40.4
40.4
40.1

40.4
40.4
40.2

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

38.1

37.8

37.2

37.0

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

43.2

42.7

43.2

43.7

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

37.4
36.9
36.8
37.7

37.9
36.9
36.9
38.9

37.8
37.3
37.6
37.8

37.5
37.1
37.3
37.6

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.5
42.2
42.8
35.2
39.3

40.5
42.2
42.7
35.5
39.3

41.0
42.7
43.3
35.6
40.6

41.3
43.3
43.9
35.7
39.3

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility sen/ices
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

42.0
42.0
41.9
42.5
42.0

42.1
41.9
42.6
42.6
41.9

42.2
42.3
41.7
42.3
42.6

42.2
41.8
42.3
42.7
42.7

38.3

38.5

38.3

38.4

Transportation and public utilitles--Contlniiad
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Fumiture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

60
601
602
503
504
6047
505
506
507
508
509

39.0
37.7
37.4
40.4
39.4
39.1
41.4
38.7
39.3
39.1
37.9

39.2
38.0
37.9
40.4
39.8
39.6
41.9
38.8
39.4
39.4
37.9

38.9
37.4
37.0
40.0
39.4
39.0
41.0
39.0
39.2
39.6
37.3

38.9
37.8
37.6
40.1
39.4
39.1
40.9
38.9
38.9
39.6
37.0

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
616
517
518
519

37.5
36.3
35.7
36.4
38.8
35.1
39.8
37.9
38.1
36.4

37.4
36.3
35.9
37.3
38.5
36.1
40.2
37.9
37.9
36.3

37.5
36.6
36.3
36.9
38.7
34.3
40.4
37.5
37.7
36.5

37.6
36.7
36.3
36.7
38.6
34.2
39.9
38.1
38.2
36.7

29.6

29.7

29.3

29.8

35.6
37.1
36.2
32.0
32.1

35.4
36.9
36.0
31.7
31.6

35.1
36.4
35.7
31.6
32.3

35.7
37.2
35.8
31.9
32.4

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores




52
521
523
525
526

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

38.7

29.9

Industry

Transportation and public utilities-Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class 1 railroads plus Amtrak^

1987
SIC
uoae

4011

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

$18.05

$18.06

$17.89

$17.91

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

-

$875.43

$881.33

$835.46

$827.44

-

390.11
438.15
514.17

389.31
438.90
520.11

385.10
449.28
483.69

405.20
458.64
508.03

547.96
557.02
434.03

549.04
558.33
445.11

549.04
557.92
447.43

—

Aug.
1998P

Aug.
1998P

-

_

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

11.02
11.44
13.46

11.06
11.40
13.58

11.13
11.52
12.83

11.35
11.76
13.06

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.16
13.34
11.07

13.30
13.52
10.77

13.59
13.82
11.10

13.59
13.81
11.13

-

530.35
537.60
440.59

Water transportation:
Water transportation sen^ices

449

19.24

19.22

19.70

20.37

-

733.04

726.52

732.84

753.69

-

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

20.05

20.44

20.62

20.28

-

866.16

872.79

890.78

886.24

-

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

13.26
13.49
13.81
13.31

13.27
13.62
13.85
13.23

13.38
13.68
13.92
13.39

13.56
13.94
14.22
13.44

495.92
497.78
508.21
501.79

502.93
502.58
511.07
514.65

505.76
510.26
523.39
506.14

508.50
517.17
530.41
505.34

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television sen/ices

48
481
4813
483
484

17.04
17.57
18.09
17.25
13.72

17.14
17.83
18.40
16.88
13.57

17.14
17.55
18.01
17.90
14.07

17.19
17.54
18.00
17.83
14.45

690.12
741.45
774.25
607.20
539.20

694.17
752.43
785.68
599.24
533.30

702.74
749.39
779.83
637.24
571.24

709.95
759.48
790.20
636.53
567.89

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

19.03
19.95
17.62
23.43
14.79

19.06
19.96
17.70
23.30
15.01

19.76
20.68
18.35
24.26
15.62

19.83
20.92
18.26
24.03
15.73

799.26
837.90
738.28
995.78
621.18

802.43
836.32
754.02
992.58
628.92

833.87
874.76
765.20
1,026.20
665.41

836.83
874.46
772.40
1,026.08
671.67

13.38

13.48

13.89

13.99

$14.12

512.45

518.98

531.99

537.22

_

544.05
456.55
465.63
514.70
651.28
628.34
552.69
584.37
519.55
548.18
411.97

550.76
460.94
472.99
519.14
664.66
648.25
561.88
592.48
529.14
554.75
412.73

563.27
483.96
477.67
523.60
672.56
661.83
576.46
606.45
533.12
573.41
423.73

568.33
493.29
492.18
529.72
678.47
669.78
570.56
609.17
538.77
579.86
419.58

-

470.63
458.11
577.98
453.18
499.36
334.85
565.96
433.58
563.88
375.65

471.99
466.82
598.81
460.66
498.58
330.99
573.25
435.09
558.27
372.80

488.63
497.03
622.18
469.00
510.45
343.00
601.56
447.38
576.81
391.65

490.13
500.96
617.46
466.82
511.06
342.34
602.09
454.91
584.84
396.73

8.73

244.79

246.51

254.91

259.56

-

347.81
377.68
373.95
260.80
277.99

348.69
378.23
371.88
259.94
279.03

355.21
384.38
377.35
268.92
286.82

365.93
398.41
378.41
270.83
291.60

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinerv eauioment and suDolies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

13.95
12.11
12.45
12.74
16.53
16.07
13.35
15.10
13.22
14.02
10.87

14.05
12.13
12.48
12.85
16.70
16.37
13.41
15.27
13.43
14.08
10.89

14.48
12.94
12.91
13.09
17.07
16.97
14.06
15.55
13.60
14.48
11.36

14.61
13.05
13.09
13.21
17.22
17.13
13.95
15.66
13.85
14.68
11.34

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

12.55
12.62
16.19
12.45
12.87
9.54
14.22
11.44
14.80
10.32

12.62
12.86
16.68
12.35
12.95
9.43
14.26
11.48
14.73
10.27

13.03
13.58
17.14
12.71
13.19
10.00
14.89
11.93
15.30
10.73

13.07
13.65
17.01
12.72
13.24
10.01
15.09
11.94
15.31
10.81

8.27

8.30

8.70

8.71

9.77
10.18
10.33
8.15
8.66

9.85
10.25
10.33
8.20
8.83

10.12
10.56
10.57
8.51
8.88

10.25
10.71
10.57
8.49
9.00

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores




52
521
523
525
526

Ill

-

_
-

-

_
-

-

-

_
-

—

-

_
-

-

-

_
—

$546.44

_
-

_

-

-

261.03

_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

53
531
533
539

30.2
30.2
28.4
30.9

30.2
30.3
28.5
30.7

30.2
30.3
27.6
30.9

31.3
31.4
28.9
31.0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

30.9
31.0
29.3

30.6
30.7
29.7

30.5
30.7
29.2

30.8
31.0
29.5

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

—

—

—

—

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

55
551
553
554
559

36.0
37.0
38.4
32.9
35.3

36.2
37.3
38.5
33.0
35.3

35.7
37.1
38.4
32.1
36.0

35.9
37.1
38.7
32.5
35.8

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.5
29.3
25.9
28.3
27.4

28.0
29.9
26.0
28.8
27.6

26.8
28.5
24.4
27.7
26.7

27.4
28.7
24.9
28.3
27.5

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

33.3
33.2
34.7
33.1
33.4
26.5

33.4
33.2
34.7
33.4
33.8
26.7

33.3
33.1
34.5
33.4
33.1
26.7

33.6
33.3
34.7
33.8
33.4
27.3

Eating and drinking places'^

58

26.0

26.3

25.7

26.3

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

30.0
29.4
30.3
28.9
32.0
36.6
30.7
33.3
31.4

30.1
29.4
30.7
29.1
32.1
36.7
30.7
33.4
31.2

29.8
29.1
30.1
28.3
33.0
36.7
30.7
33.6
31.3

30.2
29.6
30.2
28.9
32.7
36.9
31.1
33.9
31.8

35.9

36.1

36.0

36.1

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

Finance, Insurance, and real estate^

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

--

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

36.9

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

35.3
34.9
35.4
34.6
36.1

35.3
35.1
35.2
35.1
35.8

35.4
35.1
35.4
35.0
35.9

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

37.9
38.5

37.7
38.2

37.9
37.9

38.1
38.2

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

37.4

38.0

37.9

37.9

63
631
632
6324
633

38.0
37.6
38.5
38.8
38.0

38.5
37.7
38.7
39.1
39.2

38.6
38.6
38.7
39.3
38.6

38.6
38.5
38.7
39.2
38.8

32.8

32.9

32.7

32.9

35.9

35.3

35.7

35.9




-

-

-

35.2
34.8
35.2
34.6
35.9

07

-

-

-

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

Agricultural services

-

-

-

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions

Services

-

-

-

-

Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

33.2
-

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nec

1987
SIC
Code

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

53
631
533
539

$8.10
8.15
7.35
7.93

$8.10
8.14
7.38
7.97

$8.59
8.65
7.70
8.28

$8.53
8.58
7.66
8.35

54
541
546

8.61
8.73
7.65

8.59
8.71
7.58

8.97
9.05
8.05

8.98
9.07
8.05

55
551
553
554
559

11.45
14.59
9.45
7.38
12.62

11.56
14.74
9.55
7.41
13.78

12.20
15.47
9.95
7.81
13.53

12.23
15.50
10.07
7.87
13.84

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

7.97
9.87
7.79
7.70
7.89

7.94
9.69
7.90
7.64
7.80

8.47
10.51
8.27
8.31
8.23

8.36
10.28
8.24
8.18
8.12

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

11.25
10.44
10.60
12.36
11.16
6.90

11.36
10.60
10.74
12.40
11.33
6.86

11.66
11.05
11.16
12.45
11.58
7.20

11.79
11.20
11.32
12.55
11.51
7.19

Eating and drinking places'^

58

5.98

6.04

6.33

6.34

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nec
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nec

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

9.07
9.68
7.59
8.33
9.75
12.19
9.19
11.35
9.42

9.07
9.68
7.53
8.36
9.68
12.25
9.21
11.44
9.41

9.42
9.99
7.89
8.73
9.97
12.43
9.55
10.90
9.93

9.43
10.00
7.92
8.72
10.06
12.54
9.60
11.16
9.92

13.21

13.38

13.93

13.93

Finance, insurance, and real estate®

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly eamings
Aug.
1998P

-

_
-

_
-

_

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

$244.62
246.13
208.74
245.04

$244.62
246.64
210.33
244.68

$259.42
262.10
212.52
255.85

$266.99
269.41
221.37
258.85

266.05
270.63
224.15

262.85
267.40
225.13

273.59
277.84
235.06

276.58
281.17
237.48

412.20
539.83
362.88
242.80
445.49

418.47
549.80
367.68
244.53
486.43

435.54
573.94
382.08
250.70
487.08

439.06
575.05
389.71
255.78
495.47

Aug.
1998P

—

-

_
-

-

_

219.18
289.19
201.76
217.91
216.19

222.32
289.73
205.40
220.03
215.28

227.00
299.54
201.79
230.19
219.74

229.06
295.04
205.18
231.49
223.30

-

374.63
346.61
367.82
409.12
372.74
182.85

379.42
351.92
372.68
414.16
382.95
183.16

388.28
365.76
385.02
415.83
383.30
192.24

396.14
372.96
392.80
424.19
384.43
196.29

-

-

155.48

158.85

162.68

166.74

-

272.10
284.59
229.98
240.74
312.00
446.15
282.13
377.96
295.79

273.01
284.59
231.17
243.28
310.73
449.58
282.75
382.10
293.59

280.72
290.71
237.49
247.06
329.01
456.18
293.19
366.24
310.81

284.79
296.00
239.18
252.01
328.96
462.73
298.56
378.32
315.46

$14.14

474.24

483.02

501.48

502.87

$521.77

_

364.30
343.42
342.32
344.62
365.69

379.12
362.23
353.76
368.90
377.33

379.84
362.58
356.12
368.20
377.67

_

-

358.34
337.21
339.33
336.66
362.95

-

_
-

-

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nec
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

10.18
9.69
9.64
9.73
10.11

10.32
9.84
9.67
9.96
10.13

10.74
10.32
10.05
10.51
10.54

10.73
10.33
10.06
10.52
10.52

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

13.79
11.76

13.90
11.76

14.42
12.28

14.52
12.29

-

522.64
452.76

524.03
449.23

546.52
465.41

553.21
469.48

-

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

19.10

19.21

20.78

20.98

-

714.34

729.98

787.56

795.14

-

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

15.75
14.31
14.74
15.01
17.31

16.02
14.47
14.85
15.15
17.76

16.61
15.04
15.68
16.00
18.06

16.60
15.04
15.61
15.95
18.06

598.50
538.06
567.49
582.39
657.78

616.77
545.52
574.70
592.37
696.19

641.15
580.54
606.82
628.80
697.12

640.76
579.04
604.11
625.24
700.73

12.06

12.12

12.70

12.67

395.57

398.75

415.29

416.84

9.34

9.40

9.82

9.87

335.31

331.82

350.57

354.33

Services
Agricultural services




07

-

_
-

12.76
-

•

-

-

-

—

_
-

_
_
-

423.63
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

074
078

29.8
38.4

29.8
37.6

29.4
38.3

29.5
38.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels'^

701

31.3

31.8

31.4

32.0

—

—

—

—

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops^
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

34.2
27.5
27.1

34.4
27.9
28.0

34.5
28.1
27.4

34.1
27.9
27.3

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

73
731

33.3
36.3

33.7
36.4

33.7
36.7

33.6
36.3

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

35.5
28.5
36.6
27.7
39.4
36.3
41.1
39.6

36.1
28.7
37.3
27.9
39.3
36.4
41.2
39.5

36.5
28.6
37.6
27.7
39.2
36.5
41.3
39.1

37.1
28.4
37.4
27.5
38.7
34.7
41.8
38.6

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

32.4
37.9
37.9
38.5
38.2
38.5
32.8
34.2
35.9

32.9
38.3
38.6
38.7
38.3
38.3
33.1
34.3
36.7

32.8
38.5
38.0
39.6
37.9
39.5
33.1
34.6
36.5

32.6
38.3
37.9
39.6
38.4
39.5
33.2
34.8
37.1

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

36.6
36.8
37.0
33.7
38.4
37.9
38.0
33.1
31.5

36.7
36.7
37.0
33.7
38.6
38.2
38.2
32.9
30.7

35.9
36.9
37.1
32.4
38.0
38.0
38.0
31.1
27.8

36.5
37.6
37.7
32.5
38.3
38.3
38.2
32.7
30.1

38.5

38.7

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

—

—

-

-

—

—

—

—

—

—

-

-

-

-

-

-

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.6

38.9

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

30.5
38.9
24.7

30.6
39.4
24.5

29.6
39.1
24.0

30.6
38.7
25.0

Amusement and reaeation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

28.4
24.5
28.7
19.1
30.0

28.2
25.1
28.4
19.4
29.1

26.8
24.5
26.8
19.6
28.0

28.2
24.9
28.9
19.8
29.6

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

—

—

—

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

33.1
33.1
28.3
30.2
32.9
32.5
34.9

33.1
33.2
28.0
30.2
32.5
32.1
35.0

33.0
32.9
28.2
30.1
32.5
31.8
34.9

33.1
32.5
28.3
30.0
32.9
32.0
34.9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-




—

Industry

1987
SIC
ooae

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

$284.59
358.66

$283.99
353.82

$287.83
377.64

$291.76
380.93

—

262.92

266.46

277.89

278.72

—

-

277.70
254.93
233.06

277.26
257.52
238.56

288.42
268.36
251.26

288.15
266.72
250.61

-

389.94
604.40

396.65
613.70

420.24
638.58

421.01
633.44

389.44
226.58
395.28
210.24
463.74
401.12
651.85
426.10

397.82
227.02
400.60
210.65
469.64
419.69
656.73
430.16

406.25
235.66
426.76
216.34
489.61
447.86
675.26
446.13

414.04
236.57
429.73
217.25
487.62
431.32
693.88
440.81

309.42
755.35
865.64
790.02
587.52
573.27
317.83
270.18
443.01

314.52
770.21
885.48
797.22
585.99
574.12
321.07
268.57
451.04

333.25
810.81
927.96
819.72
590.48
652.15
336.30
284.07
479.25

332.52
806.60
923.62
822.49
604.80
647.80
336.98
288.49
499.00

-

383.93
369.10
334.48
258.48
453.89
469.96
448.78
262.48
217.98

389.02
370.30
335.96
264.88
460.50
479.03
455.73
263.53
213.37

395.62
385.24
352.82
263.09
471.96
494.00
470.44
261.55
204.61

403.69
394.42
359.66
267.48
479.13
499.82
476.35
274.35
223.94

074
078

$9.55
9.34

$9.53
9.41

$9.79
9.86

$9.89
9.92

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels^

701

8.40

8.38

8.85

8.71

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops^
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

8.12
9.27
8.60

8.06
9.23
8.52

8.36
9.55
9.17

8.45
9.56
9.18

-

73
731

11.71
16.65

11.77
16.86

12.47
17.40

12.53
17.45

-

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

10.97
7.95
10.80
7.59
11.77
11.05
15.86
10.76

11.02
7.91
10.74
7.55
11.95
11.53
15.94
10.89

11.13
8.24
11.35
7.81
12.49
12.27
16.35
11.41

11.16
8.33
11.49
7.90
12.60
12.43
16.60
11.42

7383
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

9.55
19.93
22.84
20.52
15.38
14.89
9.69
7.90
12.34

9.56
20.11
22.94
20.60
15.30
14.99
9.70
7.83
12.29

10.16
21.06
24.42
20.70
15.58
16.51
10.16
8.21
13.13

10.20
21.06
24.37
20.77
15.75
16.40
10.15
8.29
13.45

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating sen/ices
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nec
Miscellaneous eauioment rental and leasinc
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nec
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming sen/ices
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

_
-

_
-

_
_
-

-

_

,

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

10.49
10.03
9.04
7.67
11.82
12.40
11.81
7.93
6.92

10.60
10.09
9.08
7.86
11.93
12.54
11.93
8.01
6.95

11.02
10.44
9.51
8.12
12.42
13.00
12.38
8.41
7.36

11.06
10.49
9.54
8.23
12.51
13.05
12.47
8.39
7.44

Miscellaneous repair services

76

12.67

12.72

13.20

13.29

-

489.06

494.81

508.20

514.32

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

13.03
18.76
6.46

13.97
19.62
6.43

14.12
20.02
7.28

13.81
19.81
7.23

-

397.42
729.76
159.56

427.48
773.03
157.54

417.95
782.78
174.72

422.59
766.65
180.75

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation sen/ices
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

8.50
7.62
7.98
8.36
8.44

8.63
7.43
8.10
8.28
8.47

9.26
7.77
8.54
8.68
9.06

9.14
7.84
8.36
8.68
8.92

241.40
186.69
229.03
159.68
253.20

243.37
186.49
230.04
160.63
246.48

248.17
190.37
228.87
170.13
253.68

257.75
195.22
241.60
171.86
264.03

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

13.25
13.73
13.60
12.41
9.38
8.90
15.03

13.25
13.79
13.59
12.53
9.36
8.84
15.00

13.66
14.21
14.09
13.20
9.72
9.23
15.36

13.70
14.18
14.07
13.22
9.77
9.33
15.45

438.58
454.46
384.88
374.78
308.60
289.25
524.55

438.58
457.83
380.52
378.41
304.20
283.76
525.00

450.78
467.51
397.34
397.32
315.90
293.51
536.06

453.47
460.85
398.18
396.60
321.43
298.56
539.21




Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1998P

Aug.
1997

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

-

-

-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

-

-

_
-

-

_
_
-

-

_
-

-

_
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1996

July
1998P

808

28.9

29.1

28.9

29.1

Legal services

81

34.6

34.9

34.8

34.7

Social sen^ices
Individual and family sen^ices
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.3
31.2
30.8
30.5
32.4
30.9

31.4
31.3
31.3
30.5
32.2
31.5

31.2
31.1
30.6
30.3
32.1
31.5

31.3
31.2
30.5
30.7
32.4
31.6

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

34.8

35.1

35.0

35.0

Engineering and management services ...
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural sen/ices
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

37.1
39.2
39.5
38.5
38.4
35.6
36.9
40.1
31.0
36.8
35.9
35.1
36.2
35.5

37.3
39.5
39.7
38.8
39.0
35.9
37.1
40.1
31.6
37.0
36.2
35.3
36.6
34.6

37.2
39.5
39.8
38.4
38.8
35.7
36.6
40.1
30.6
36.2
36.3
35.6
36.8
35.8

37.1
39.3
39.5
38.2
38.7
35.7
36.4
39.9
30.5
36.0
36.4
35.9
36.4
35.1

34.7

35.1

34.3

34.4

Services—Continued
Health sen^ices—Continued
Home health care sen/ices

Services, nec

See footnotes at end of table.




Average overtime hours
Aug.
1996P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care sen^ices ,
Legal sen^ices.

1987
SIC
Pnrifl
ouud

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

808

$11.33

$11.31

$11.48

$11.53

81

17.24

17.16

18.02

18.02

Social services
Individual and family sen^ices
Job training and related services .
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nec

83
832
833
835
836
839

8.73
9.29
8.30
7.32
8.90
10.65

8.79
9.29
8.56
7.31
8.93
10.76

9.13
9.65
8.87
7.76
9.25
11.27

9.14
9.67
8.88
7.65
9.33
11.15

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

17.52

17.74

18.01

18.23

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural sen^ices
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

16.96
18.66
19.55
16.53
13.19
14.66
17.35
19.26
13.56
20.50
16.12
14.67
18.09
14.75

17.01
18.76
19.64
16.64
13.27
14.65
17.50
19.57
13.54
20.57
16.09
14.65
17.92
14.90

17.66
19.31
20.18
17.34
13.69
15.20
18.22
20.09
14.91
21.42
16.94
15.17
19.08
15.88

17.71
19.26
20.15
17.17
13.66
15.34
18.14
19.92
14.99
21.40
17.11
15.54
19.26
15.96

Services, nec .

89

16.57

16.78

17.65

17.79

^ Data relate to production workers In mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisoiy workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance and real estate; and services.
^ See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided
missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3 Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7 million or
more in 1993 and to Amtrak.




Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1998P

-

_

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

$327.44

$329.12

$331.77

$335.52

596.50

598.88

627.10

625.29

Aug.
1998P

-

_

—

273.25
289.85
255.64
223.26
288.36
329.09

276.01
290.78
267.93
222.96
287.55
338.94

284.86
300.12
271.42
235.13
296.93
355.01

286.08
301.70
270.84
234.86
302.29
352.34

—

-

609.70

622.67

630.35

638.05

-

-

629.22
731.47
772.23
636.41
506.50
521.90
640.22
772.33
420.36
754.40
578.71
514.92
654.86
523.63

634.47
741.02
779.71
645.63
517.53
525.94
649.25
784.76
427.86
761.09
582.46
517.15
655.87
515.54

656.95
762.75
803.16
665.86
531.17
542.64
666.85
805.61
456.25
775.40
614.92
540.05
702.14
568.50

657.04
756.92
795.93
655.89
528.64
547.64
660.30
794.81
457.20
770.40
622.80
557.89
701.06
560.20

-

-

574.98

588.98

605.40

611.98

-

-

_
_
_
-

_
-

_
-

_
-

-

_
-

_
_
-

^ Money payments only; tips, not included.
^ Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
~ Data not available.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to revision.

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to escalate
labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and
their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition
take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not
capture "lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general
wage increases" which were negotiated in aerospace
manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in
late 1983.

Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry,
BLS has calculated average hourly earnings series for SIC
3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum payments. These
series, beginning in October 1983, the effective date of the
first aerospace bargaining agreement using lump-sum
payments, were published in the June 1988 issue of Employment
and Earnings. Current and year earlier data are presented in
table B-15a along with the average hourly earnings series
produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics
program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

June
1997

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

June
1997

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$20.68

$20.92

$20.88

$20.97

$20.51

$20.87

$21.66

$21.31

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

20.98

21.24

20.95

21.06

20.51

20.87

21.86

21.49

P = preliminary.




July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

$12.42

$12.41

$12.74

$12.71

$12.76

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

12.89
10.27
10.09
12.32
14.26
11.99
13.23
12.11
16.24
12.95
10.15

12.91
10.24
10.13
12.30
14.08
12.03
13.19
12.13
16.30
12.87
10.15

13.19
10.50
10.35
12.65
14.51
12.29
13.58
12.51
16.46
13.19
10.44

13.10
10.60
10.44
12.67
14.57
12.22
13.64
12.62
16.13
13.27
10.49

13.22
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

11.74
10.83
20.15
9.51
7.97
14.20
12.49
15.67
18.62
11.00
8.57

11.68
10.78
19.11
9.48
7.99
14.16
12.49
15.63
18.49
10.96
8.68

12.06
11.10
20.22
9.80
8.26
14.54
12.83
16.10
19.26
11.20
9.09

12.14
11.05
19.92
9.82
8.27
14.66
12.90
16.27
19.30
11.33
9.04

$12.08
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

Industry
Manufacturing

^ Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
2 Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1997 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1997 forward are subject to
revision.

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

July
1997

Aug.
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Aug.
1998P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$12.17
7.49

$12.22
7.51

$12.66
7.68

$12.66
7.68

$12.75 $423.52 $427.70 $439.30 $440.57 $448.80
267.17
262.71 266.57
260.63
(2)
(2)

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.07
9.89

15.98
9.82

16.73
10.15

16.77
10.17

$16.93
(2)

724.76
446.01

728.69
447.60

736.12
446.67

739.56 $748.31
448.49
(2)

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

16.03
9.86

16.12
9.90

16.44
9.98

16.63
10.08

$16.76
(2)

642.80
395.57

639.96
393.10

642.80
390.05

666.86 $672.08
404.40
(2)

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.10
8.06

13.14
8.07

13.43
8.15

13.38
8.11

$13.46
(2)

539.72
332.14

551.88
338.99

561.37
340.64

549.92 $561.28
333.49
(2)

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.99
9.22

15.04
9.24

15.22
9.24

15.34
9.30

$15.32
(2)

592.11
364.38

609.12
374.15

602.71
365.72

609.00 $615.86
369.31
(2)

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.38
8.23

13.48
8.28

13.89
8.43

13.99
8.48

$14.12
(2)

512.45
315.35

518.98
318.78

531.99
322.81

537.22 $546.44
325.79
(2)

Retail trade
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

8.27
5.09

8.30
5.10

8.70
5.28

8.71
5.28

$8.73
(2)

244.79
150.64

246.51
151.42

254.91
154.68

259.56 $261.03
157.40
(2)

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

13.21
8.13

13.38
8.22

13.93
8.45

13.93
8.45

$14.14
(2)

474.24
291.84

483.02
296.70

501.48
304.30

502.87 $521.77
304.95
(2)

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.06
7.42

12.12
7.44

12.70
7.71

12.67
7.68

$12.76
(2)

395.57
243.43

398.75
244.93

415.29
252.00

416.84 $423.63
252.78
(2)

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance and real estate; and services.
2 Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series. Establishment
survey estimates are currently projected from March 1997 benchmark levels.
When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from
April 1997 forward are subject to revision.

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

June
1998

July
1998P

$487.81
530.46
603.64

$513.83
551.68
602.97

$504.99
548.10
609.34

543.44

531.95

510.35

479.85

496.00

494.80

448.62
411.43
456.04
495.85
522.07

459.12
450.32
487.29
496.40
537.34

462.02
447.01
494.80
475.45
526.16

550.29
572.46
485.28
524.12
570.02
659.46
535.46
494.15
590.13
528.69
534.80
587.71
686.80
557.60
588.64
567.43
624.59
522.50

567.75
583.65
486.02
538.06
572.98
644.69
572.44
514.61
596.50
584.32
543.10
608.19
705.16
591.18
603.69
557.02
657.62
537.46

564.40
580.32
486.41
538.88
569.80
644.69
565.90
518.31
603.11
591.16
539.45
602.94
706.41
588.93
597.64
571.05
641.47
530.40

13.80
12.87

560.12
551.55

576.66
558.14

569.94
555.98

14.79
15.34
14.90
15.52
14.71
15.34
13.69
13.99

14.87
15.52
14.77
15.68
14.70
15.57
13.88
14.08

610.90
633.29
638.58
653.96
608.60
632.76
548.44
579.79

635.97
653.48
645.17
672.02
628.12
647.35
551.71
612.76

630.49
634.77
646.93
677.38
617.40
652.38
555.20
595.58

14.71
13.44
17.63

15.28
13.75
18.62

15.06
13.85
18.48

616.35
544.32
743.99

643.29
565.13
804.38

624.99
576.16
792.79

40.3

13.99

14.05

14.33

556.80

556.38

577.50

41.4

11.01

11.31

11.47

453.61

475.02

474.86

42.1
41.6
48.4

42.1
42.3
47.7

11.55
12.47
13.96

12.01
12.83
14.88

11.91
12.44
15.09

485.10
529.98
654.72

505.62
533.73
720.19

501.41
526.21
719.79

36.6
39.8

36.6
40.1

12.69
12.77

13.26
13.27

1Z76
1Z86

464.45
487.81

485.32
528.15

467.02
515.69

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

41.2
42.0
42.6

42.5
43.1
43.1

41.7
42.0
43.4

$11.84
12.63
14.17

$12.09
12.80
13.99

$12.11
13.05
14.04

Alaska

50.6

45.7

49.5

10.74

11.64

10.31

Arizona

40.7

40.0

40.0

11.79

12.40

12.37

41.5
40.1
42.7
42.2
41.5

41.7
41.2
43.9
42.5
40.1

41.4
40.6
44.1
41.2
39.8

10.81
10.26
10.68
11.75
12.58

11.01
10.93
11.10
11.68
13.40

11.16
11.01
11.22
11.54
13.22

41.5
42.0
41.3
42.2
40.6
42.3
41.8
41.7
41.5
38.2
40.0
40.7
41.7
41.0
39.4
42.6
41.2
41.8

41.9
41.6
40.3
42.4
41.4
41.3
44.0
42.6
40.8
41.5
40.2
41.6
42.2
42.5
39.9
41.6
42.4
43.1

41.5
41.6
40.1
42.1
40.7
41.3
43.8
42.8
41.0
42.9
39.9
41.1
42.3
42.8
39.5
42.3
41.6
42.5

13.26
13.63
11.75
12.42
14.04
15.59
12.81
11.85
14.22
13.84
13.37
14.44
16.47
13.60
14.94
13.32
15.16
12.50

13.55
14.03
12.06
12.69
13.84
15.61
13.01
12.08
14.62
14.08
13.51
14.62
16.71
13.91
15.13
13.39
15.51
12.47

13.60
13.95
12.13
12.80
14.00
15.61
12.92
12.11
14.71
13.78
13.52
14.67
16.70
13.76
15.13
13.50
15.42
12.48

41.8
42.2

42.0
43.3

41.3
43.2

13.40
13.07

13.73
12.89

41.9
41.5
42.8
42.3
42.5
42.1
39.8
42.6

43.0
42.6
43.3
43.3
42.7
42.2
40.3
43.8

42.4
40.9
43.8
43.2
42.0
41.9
40.0
42.3

14.58
15.26
14.92
15.46
14.32
15.03
13.78
13.61

41.9
40.5
42.2

42.1
41.1
43.2

41.5
41.6
42.9

39.8

39.6

Rorida

41.2

42.0

Georgia

42.0
42.5
46.9
36.6
38.2

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Colorado
Denver

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

July
1997

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA

Atlanta
Savannah

Hawaii
Honolulu

Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield




41.4

38.2

38.3

12.26

12.75

13.07

507.56

487.05

500.58

42.1
41.3
41.8
41.9
42.8
42.5
41.4
42.1
42.6
40.3

42.0
41.4
42.1
41.9
43.3
42.2
42.4
43.0
43.1
40.1

41.8
41.0
40.5
41.7
43.3
42.6
41.2
42.1
42.9
40.1

13.30
17.59
11.04
13.26
15.41
16.65
14.69
16.50
14.52
12.02

13.71
17.96
11.40
13.55
15.64
16.83
14.94
16.45
15.73
12.38

13.74
17.99
11.42
13.57
15.72
16.81
15.01
16.43
15.66
12.55

559.93
726.47
461.47
555.59
659.55
707.63
608.17
694.65
618.55
484.41

575.82
743.54
479.94
567.75
677.21
710.23
633.46
707.35
677.96
496.44

574.33
737.59
462.51
565.87
680.68
716.11
618.41
691.70
671.81
503.26

Average weekly hours
State and area

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson.
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis ....
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute ....

Iowa
Cedar Rapids.
Des Moines....
Dubuque
Sioux City

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

Kentucky ....
Lexington .
Louisville ..

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City.

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

Massachusetts.
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

Mississippi
Jackson

Missouri
Kansas City ,
St. Louis
Springfield....

Nebraska
Lincoln ..
Omaha..

Nevada
Las Vegas




July
1997

June
1998

42.3
41.5
38.4
43.1
41.4
41.4
44.3
51.3
43.0
44.7
41.4
43.2

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

42.9
40.2
40.5
42.9
41.8
43.7
44.2
49.8
44.3
45.0
40.5
46.9

41.8
40.4
40.0
42.7
41.6
42.3
43.4
51.3
45.4
44.8
40.5
46.8

$14.68
12.43
12.35
14.44
14.87
18.42
15.61
19.67
15.58
15.08
13.03
14.59

$14.88
12.01
12.39
14.51
14.67
18.84
15.51
21.42
16.05
14.34
12.72
14.66

$14.71
11.99
12.32
14.31
14.03
19.08
15.11
20.03
16.34
14.12
1261
14.27

$620.96
515.85
474.24
622.36
615.62
762.59
691.52
1,009.07
669.94
674.08
539.44
630.29

$638.35
482.80
501.80
62248
613.21
823.31
685.54
1,066.72
711.02
645.30
515.16
687.55

$614.88
484.40
492.80
611.04
583.65
807.08
655.77
1,027.54
741.84
632.58
510.71
667.84

42.1
43.5
42.0
41.7
39.5

42.1
41.9
41.0
41.6
38.2

41.6
41.6
41.6
41.3
39.4

13.65
16.66
13.63
15.09
11.78

13.79
17.44
14.07
15.24
11.69

13.82
17.71
14.27
15.28
11.93

574.67
724.71
572.46
629.25
465.31

580.56
730.74
576.87
633.98
446.56

574.91
736.74
593.63
631.06
470.04

40.5
39.9
40.5

41.8
42.7
43.2

41.4
40.8
42.0

13.44
14.90
15.70

13.56
16.03
15.92

13.45
16.19
15.71

544.32
594.51
635.85

566.81
684.48
687.74

556.83
660.55
659.82

40.7
40.9
40.2

41.3
42.2
41.5

41.0
41.9
41.6

12.92
13.80
14.53

13.81
13.95
15.17

13.76
13.99
15.18

525.84
564.42
584.11

570.35
588.69
629.56

564.16
586.18
631.49

43.7
42.5
43.9
42.8

44.3
43.4
42.8
41.6

44.3
43.0
43.1
40.9

14.24
16.99
14.14
13.71

14.55
17.67
14.41
13.27

14.57
17.71
14.34
12.93

622.29
722.08
620.75
586.79

644.57
766.88
616.75
552.03

645.45
761.53
618.05
528.84

39.8
42.4
37.3

41.1
41.1
42.7

39.3
39.1
40.7

13.22
11.27
10.90

13.24
11.62
11.47

13.76
12.18
11.41

526.16
477.85
406.57

544.16
477.58
489.77

540.77
476.24
464.39

40.9
41.0

41.7
42.2

41.5
41.2

14.29
14.98

14.45
14.93

14.31
15.00

584.46
614.18

602.57
630.05

593.87
618.00

42.2
41.2
40.2
43.3

42.3
41.9
41.8
41.7

41.7
41.0
41.2
41.3

13.48
14.53
13.06
13.45

13.75
14.94
13.41
13.93

13.76
14.96
13.48
13.93

568.86
598.64
525.01
582.39

581.63
625.99
560.54
580.88

573.79
613.36
555.38
575.31

42.6
43.1
42.9
46.4
41.1
41.1
43.7
43.4
47.5

42.9
43.9
43.8
33.6
42.1
43.9
44.7
41.6
43.7

41.1
43.4
41.4
40.3
41.4
38.4
42.7
40.8
43.3

16.78
17.13
18.15
22.73
14.70
13.04
14.98
18.54
20.55

17.21
18.94
19.31
23.16
14.37
12.67
15.70
19.12
20.95

16.44
18.17
18.62
20.58
14.28
12.61
15.24
15.56
19.77

714.83
738.30
778.63
1,054.67
604.17
535.94
654.63
804.64
976.12

738.31
831.47
845.78
778.18
604.98
556.21
701.79
795.39
915.52

675.68
788.58
770.87
829.37
591.19
484.22
650.75
634.85
856.04

41.5
39.0
41.2
41.6

41.6
40.3
42.4
43.0

41.3
40.3
42.0
42.2

13.51
12.68
14.45
12.58

13.86
12.78
14.79
13.11

13.82
12.68
14.72
13.23

560.67
494.52
595.34
523.33

576.58
515.03
627.10
563.73

570.77
511.00
618.24
558.31

40.5
41.1

41.5
41.5

41.0
40.4

10.41
11.98

10.68
11.86

10.69
11.76

421.61
492.38

443.22
492.19

438.29
475.10

40.8
43.0
42.3
41.2

42.0
43.3
41.6
41.1

41.2
42.7
41.7
39.9

12.82
14.25
14.82
11.00

13.22
14.06
15.44
11.48

13.15
13.89
15.19
11.60

523.06
612.75
626.89
453.20

555.24
608.80
642.30
471.83

541.78
593.10
633.42
462.84

37.9

40.1

38.4

13.43

13.58

13.89

509.00

544.56

533.38

40.7
45.7
40.9

41.9
44.6
42.9

41.8
42.9
43.1

12.20
13.60
13.53

12.03
14.03
13.23

12.24
14.02
13.83

496.54
621.52
553.38

504.06
625.74
567.57

511.63
601.46
596.07

42.6
41.3

43.3
41.5

42.9
41.0

14.23
15.27

14.81
17.09

14.74
16.97

606.20
630.65

641.27
709.24

632.35
695.77

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

Average weekly earnings

Average weekly hours

Average hourly earnings

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

40.5
40.3
39.3
37.9

41.3
40.9
42.3
40.0

40.2
39.8
41.9
37.5

$12.78
13.75
14.81
11.73

$12.79
13.91
14.40
12.14

$1288
13.26
14.44
1275

New Jersey

41.4

41.6

41.2

14.25

14.53

14.58

589.95

604.45

600.70

New Mexico

39.7
39.0

38.0
37.9

38.9
40.4

12.17
14.88

12.77
13.86

1272
14.64

483.15
580.32

485.26
525.29

494.81
591.46

40.3
42.2
40.1
41.6
38.4
41.7
39.1
38.4
38.0
41.2
42.0
41.1
41.8
39.5
40.6

41.3
42.2
41.3
43.0
41.0
40.6
40.6
39.6
39.4
40.1
42.4
42.9
43.5
40.0
40.7

40.6
42.1
39.9
42.7
40.3
42.2
39.7
39.1
38.9
39.9
41.9
42.3
42.0
38.8
40.1

13.17
14.61
10.56
16.38
12.29
12.27
12.44
11.81
11.53
11.46
14.94
16.17
14.29
11.42
12.44

13.49
14.53
10.57
17.32
12.08
12.56
12.48
12.31
12.07
11.13
15.02
15.59
14.45
11.73
13.07

13.29
14.45
10.70
16.09
1203
1235
1256
1229
1203
11.47
14.93
15.82
14.29
11.75
laOii

530.75
616.54
423.46
681.41
471.94
511.66
486.40
453.50
438.14
47215
627.48
664.59
597.32
451.09
505.06

557.14
613.17
436.54
744.76
495.28
509.94
506.69
487.48
475.56
446.31
636.85
668.81
628.58
469.20
531.95

539.57
608.35
426.93
687.04
484.81
521.17
498.63
480.54
467.97
457.65
625.57
669.19
600.18
455.90
522.10

40.6
40.9
40.5
40.2
41.9

41.2
42.1
41.7
40.4
41.4

40.7
42.1
40.8
39.6
41.6

11.43
11.03
12.41
11.72
12.45

11.80
11.34
12.80
11.93
12.88

11.84
11.38
1274
1203
1296

464.06
451.13
502.61
471.14
521.66

486.16
477.41
533.76
481.97
533.23

481.89
479.10
519.79
476.39
539.14

40.3
42.3

40.4
40.9

39.9
41.1

11.16
11.27

11.32
10.77

11.22
10.73

449.75
476.72

457.33
440.49

447.68
441.00

41.5
42.1
40.5
42.6
42.5
42.2
43.7
45.5
42.1
41.8
40.4
42.6
41.3

42.8
43.0
41.7
42.9
43.1
42.3
41.8
45.3
43.6
41.8
40.9
43.6
41.2

41.9
42.4
40.8
43.1
42.3
41.0
41.7
46.1
42.7
41.1
40.1
42.7
41.7

15.11
12.67
13.54
14.50
14.91
14.33
16.36
17.16
16.19
15.32
16.47
15.67
16.73

15.65
13.08
13.94
15.23
15.26
14.77
16.41
17.53
16.25
16.33
18.41
16.59
17.36

15.29
13.18
13.85
15.24
14.98
14.59
15.97
17.55
16.16
16.35
18.20
16.43
15.76

627.07
533.41
548.37
617.70
633.68
604.73
714.93
780.78
681.60
640.38
665.39
667.54
690.95

669.82
56244
581.30
653.37
657.71
624.77
685.94
794.11
708.50
68259
75297
723.32
715.23

640.65
558.83
565.08
656.84
633.65
598.19
665.95
809.06
690.03
671.99
729.82
701.56
657.19

42.5
44.7
41.1

41.3
42.7
42.9

41.2
41.5
41.9

12.55
14.34
12.63

12.64
13.56
13.14

1237
1292
13.28

533.38
641.00
519.09

52203
579.01
563.71

509.64
536.18
556.43

40.4
37.3
38.9
41.7
39.0

40.4
40.2
39.4
40.7
38.5

40.3
39.1
39.5
40.2
39.4

13.32
12.71
12.61
13.25
11.70

14.01
13.46
12.81
14.30
12.08

13.92
13.26
13.40
14.41
11.61

538.13
474.08
490.53
552.53
456.30

566.00
541.09
504.71
58201
465.08

560.98
518.47
529.30
579.28
457.43

41.4
41.5
39.8
43.1
39.3
39.2
39.4
41.2
42.6
41.4
41.0
41.2
42.8
40.1
41.7

41.8
41.8
40.1
43.6
40.1
41.1
40.7
41.2
42.2
42.3
41.0
43.5
41.3
40.1
43.1

41.4
42.2
39.7
42.6
39.4
39.8
40.4
41.3
41.3
42.8
40.4
41.6
41.7
40.3
42.5

13.82
13.99
11.68
14.13
13.49
10.29
12.89
14.89
14.73
14.96
12.44
14.71
11.87
11.32
14.14

13.98
14.18
12.14
13.91
13.60
10.23
12.85
15.32
14.89
14.97
12.65
14.92
12.03
11.52
14.27

14.04
14.34
1212
13.92
13.74
10.22
1283
15.36
14.98
14.86
1284
14.76
1222
11.56
14.13

57215
580.59
464.86
609.00
530.16
403.37
507.87
613.47
627.50
619.34
510.04
606.05
508.04
453.93
589.64

584.36
592.72
486.81
606.48
545.36
420.45
523.00
631.18
628.36
633.23
518.65
649.02
496.84
461.95
615.04

581.26
605.15
481.16
592.99
541.36
406.76
518.33
634.37
618.67
636.01
518.74
614.02
509.57
465.87
600.53

State and area

NewHonpshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.

Abuquerque

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy .
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County .
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk ....
New York PMSA..
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County .
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County .

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point.
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

North Dalcota
Fargo-Moorhead .

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Oldahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton.
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York




July
1997

$517.59
554.13
582.03
444.57

June
1998

July
1998P

$528.23
568.92
609.12
485.60

$517.78
527.75
605.04
478.13

Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

39.3
39.9

41.5
41.9

40.9
40.8

$11.30
11.60

$11.60
11.82

$11.63
11.90

South Carolina

42.0

42.5

42.4

10.34

10.51

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

41.9
40.6
41.8

42.6
41.0
43.9

42.6
40.9
44.0

9.99
9.81
10.37

10.19
10.44
10.63

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

40.3
41.6
38.3
40.0
41.3
40.6

41.1
42.9
39.4
40.5
41.8
41.8

40.2
41.5
38.3
40.4
41.5
41.1

11.73
10.72
12.72
11.27
12.44
12.90

11.98
11.12
12.75
11.87
12.71
13.05

43.1
42.8
43.1
45.5
41.0

44.0
42.8
43.9
45.5
42.7

43.5
42.4
43.5
45.2
42.2

12.02
12.13
12.80
14.06
9.70

40.0
39.4

40.2
40.1

40.5
40.1

39.8
43.5

40.0
43.4

41.8
39.0
45.8
43.7
41.2
41.3
42.2
39.7

42.8
39.4
46.5
42.9
47.1
41.0
42.2
40.6

Washington

40.3

West Virginia

41.1
44.9
42.5
43.3
38.8

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wanwick

T^xas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Vennont
Burlington

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Rk)hmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janes ville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Wyoming

July
1997

June
1998

July
1998P

$444.09
462.84

$481.40
495.26

$475.67
485.52

10.52

434.28

446.68

446.05

10.25
10.45
10.68

418.58
398.29
433.47

434.09
428.04
466.66

436.65
427.41
469.92

1209
11.23
1267
1203
13.52
13.08

472.72
445.95
487.18
450.80
513.77
523.74

49238
477.05
50235
480.74
531.28
545.49

486.02
466.05
485.26
486.01
561.08
537.59

12.14
12.31
12.96
14.30
9.73

1213
1230
1271
14.11
9.73

518.06
519.16
551.68
639.73
397.70

534.16
526.87
568.94
650.65
415.47

527.66
521.52
552.89
637.77
410.61

12.77
12.74

13.02
12.99

13.08
13.07

510.80
501.96

523.40
520.90

529.74
524.11

39.4
45.8

12.64
13.09

13.02
13.86

1286
13.47

503.07
569.42

520.80
601.52

506.68
616.93

42.2
37.4
44.8
40.2
40.6
40.4
41.7
37.6

12.50
10.79
10.32
13.27
12.12
12.72
15.54
12.90

12.85
10.39
10.56
12.76
12.54
13.20
16.14
13.97

1296
10.82
10.05
13.15
1260
13.40
16.40
13.34

522.50
420.81
472.66
579.90
499.34
525.34
655.79
51213

549.98
409.37
491.04
547.40
590.63
541.20
681.11
567.18

546.91
404.67
450.24
528.63
511.56
541.36
683.88
501.58

41.2

40.4

15.17

15.67

15.91

611.35

645.60

642.76

41.7
47.2
43.6
41.4
40.3

40.6
45.1
43.8
42.8
38.6

13.13
14.45
14.59
16.71
15.31

13.70
15.64
15.36
17.25
16.94

13.65
15.55
15.54
16.99
16.90

539.64
648.81
620.08
723.54
594.03

571.29
738.21
669.70
714.15
68268

554.19
701.31
680.65
727.17
652.34

41.7
43.6
40.8
40.8
45.0
37.1
41.0
40.8
40.6
42.1
39.6
42.3

41.6
43.7
41.8
40.7
42.6
38.7
43.1
39.8
40.7
41.6
43.8
43.3

40.8
42.7
41.6
40.6
45.3
37.9
41.6
38.9
40.1
36.1
41.2
43.4

13.56
14.91
12.80
15.17
16.67
13.02
11.80
12.69
14.90
14.39
13.08
13.42

13.95
15.16
12.86
15.47
17.50
15.14
12.07
13.02
14.81
14.60
13.60
13.53

13.71
15.61
1273
15.63
15.50
13.59
1251
13.16
14.77
13.79
13.96
13.59

565.45
650.08
522.24
618.94
750.15
483.04
483.80
517.75
604.94
605.82
517.97
567.67

580.32
66249
537.55
629.63
745.50
585.92
520.22
518.20
60277
607.36
595.68
585.85

559.37
666.55
529.57
634.58
702.15
515.06
520.42
511.92
592.28
497.82
575.15
589.81

40.2

41.5

40.6

14.55

12.47

16.99

584.91

517.51

689.79

Puerto Rico

39.7

(M

(M

8.03

(M

(M

318.79

(M

(M

Virgin Islands

42.4

(M

(M

17.91

(M

(M

759.38

0)

(M

1 Not available.
P - preliminary.




NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publwation. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1997 benchmarks.

1997

1998

Census region and division
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

NORTHEAST
Civilian labor force
Employed.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

26,159.5 26,153.9 26,142.6 26.140.0 26,114.2 26,078.5 26,077.0 26,097.5 26,105.9 26,045.2 26,062.1 26.044.0 26,034.0
24,744.0 24,748.0 24,749.8 24.771.1 24,769.1 24,758.5 24,799.0 24,806.3 24,797.5 24,826.0 24,832.4 24.848.1 24,843.6
1,415.5 1,405.9 1,392.8 1,368.8 1,345.1 1,320.0 1,278.0 1,291.1 1,308.4 1,219.2 1,229.7 1,196.0 1,190.4
5.1
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.6
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.2
4.9
4.6
5.0
5.3

New England
Civilian labor force...,
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Middle Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,128.7
6,815.2
313.5
4.4

7,130.7
6,819.0
311.7
4.4

7,131.3
6,822.6
308.7
4.3

7,140.9
6,837.6
303.3
4.2

7,137.9
6,839.4
298.5
4.2

7,132.8
6,840.1
292.7
4.1

7,130.7
6,861.1
269.7
3.8

7,123.0
6,864.6
258.4
3.6

7,139.0
6,862.8
276.2
3.9

7,103.1
6,860.0
243.1
3.4

7,125.0
6,860.7
264.3
3.7

7,106.9
6,854.4
252.4
3.6

7,100.4
6,862.4
238.0
3.4

19,030.8 19,023.2 19,011.3 18,999.1 18,976.3 18,945.7 18,946.3 18,974.5 18,966.9 18,942.1 18,937.2 18,937.2 18,933.6
17,928.8 17,929.0 17,927.2 17,933.5 17,929.8 17,918.4 17,937.9 17,941.7 17,934.7 17,966.0 17,971.7 17,993.6 17,981.2
976.1
965.5
943.5
1,102.0 1,094.2
1,084.1 1,065.5 1,046.5 1,027.3 1,008.3 1,032.7 1,032.2
952.4
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.1
5.0
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.0

SOUTH
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

47,215.1 47,278.9 47,364.2 47,490.8 47,600.5 47,694.8 47,816.2 47,818.3 47,879.6 47,935.3 47,977.2 47,985.4 48.064.3
44,861.3 44,961.2 45,063.7 45,245.0 45,387.7 45,523.3 45,689.9 45,752.0 45,761.0 45,865.9 45,924.5 45,916.9 45.989.4
2,353.9 2,317.7 2,300.6 2,245.9 2,212.8 2,171.5 2,126.3 2,066.4 2,118.6 2,069.5 2,052.7 2,068.5 2,074.9
4.6
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.9
4.4
4.3
4.3
5.0
4.9

South Atlantic
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

24,413.3 24,456.8 24,502.9 24,569.1 24.635.4 24,677.1 24,738.2 24,765.7 24,763.1 24,800.5 24,788.8 24,783.2 24,828.2
23,301.7 23,355.7 23,410.1 23,503.8 23.575.5 23,630.4 23,695.5 23,724.7 23,720.6 23,786.9 23,785.3 23,784.1 23,831.2
1,111.6 1,101.1
999.0
1,092.8 1,065.2 1,060.0 1,046.7 1,042.6 1,041.0 1,042.5 1,013.6 1,003.4
997.0
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.5
4.1
4.0
4.5
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0

East South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,092.5
7,646.7
445.8
5.5

8,085.8
7,654.0
431.7
5.3

8,097.1
7,663.0
434.1
5.4

8,118.6
7,700.9
417.7
5.1

8,135.3
7,725.7
409.7
5.0

8,145.8
7,748.2
397.5
4.9

8,144.8
7,775.6
369.1
4.5

8,136.3
7,785.3
351.0
4.3

8.167.0
7.784.1
382.8
4.7

8,148.8
7,791.0
357.7
4.4

8,146.5
7,791.4
355.0
4.4

8,127.4
7,794.2
333.2
4.1

8,137.3
7,809.1
328.2
4.0

West South Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate.
See footnotes at end of table.




14,709.3 14.736.4 14,764.3 14.803.2 14,829.8 14,871.9 14,933.3 14,916.3 14,949.5 14,986.1 15,041.9 15,074.9 15,098.8
13,912.9 13.951.5 13,990.6 14.040.3 14,086.6 14,144.7 14,218.8 14,241.9 14,256.2 14,288.0 14,347.7 14,338.6 14,349.1
727.2
773.7
743.2
714.5
674.4
796.4
693.3
698.1
784.9
762.9
694.2
736.3
749.7
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.5
5.2
5.4
4.6
4.7
5.2
4.6
4.9
5.0
5.3

(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

Census region and division
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

MIDWEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

32,923.9 32,955.3 33,007.1 33,106.2 33,170.2 33,246.3 33,363.0 33,376.7 33,383.1 33,299.7 33,302.6 33,302.1 33,334.4
31,608.1 31,651.0 31,697.0 31,803.8 31,877.5 31,959.7 32,117.0 32,147.6 32,126.5 32,167.9 32,129.1 32,090.8 32,087.2
1,315.7
1,304.3
1,310.2
1,286.6
1,246.0
1,229.1
1,256.6
1,173.4
1,302.5
1,292.6
1,131.8
1,247.2
1,211.3
3.7
4.0
3.7
3.8
3.4
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.5
3.6

East North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

22,843.0 22,859.6 2P.R85.1 22,949.1 22,987.8 23,027.2 23,113.2 23,114.8 23,134.0 23,025.2 23,014.4 23,031.4 23,059.0
21,872.6 21,898.4 21,918.7 21,982.3 22,024.9 22,068.0 22,182.4 22,197.5 22,209.7 22,214.2 22,170.8 22,135.9 22,124.4
961.2
966.4
966.8
930.8
924.3
970.5
962.9
959.3
917.3
811.1
843.6
895.4
934.6
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.0
3.7
3.5
4.1
3.9

West North Central
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,080.8
9,735.6
345.3
3.4

10,095.7 10,122.0 10,157.1
9,821.4
9,752.6
9,778.2
335.7
343.1
343.8
3.4
3.4
3.3

10,182.3 10,219.1 10,249.8 10,262.0 10,249.1 10,274.4 10,288.1 10,270.8
9,891.7
9,934.6 9,950.1 9,916.8
9,953.7
9,958.4
9,852.6
9,954.9
327.4
315.2
332.3
320.7
329.7
311.8
329.8
315.9
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.1

10,275.4
9,962.8
312.5
3.0

WEST
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

30,058.3 30,127.4 30,185.9 30,265.7 30,323.8 30,425.5 30,478.9 30,513.8 30,617.8 30,604.4 30,693.6 30,674.8 30,750.7
28,404.9 28,478.0 28,532.5 28,634.1 28,713.7 28,819.0 28,893.5 28,944.5 29,004.2 29,000.4 29,091.3 29,072.9 29,188.1
1,649.4
1,653.4
1,585.4
1,613.7
1,653.4
1,631.6
1,610.2
1,604.0
1,606.5
1,569.3
1,602.3
1,562.5
1,601.9
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.1

Mountain
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,400.4
8,046.1
354.3
4.2

8,420.9
8,069.8
351.1
4.2

8,458.2
8,107.6
350.6
4.1

8,507.1
8,159.7
347.5
4.1

8,550.2
8,201.2
349.0
4.1

8,599.7
8,250.1
349.7
4.1

8,633.8
8,298.2
335.6
3.9

8,672.2
8,323.7
348.5
4.0

8,685.1
8,317.0
368.1
4.2

8,711.3
8,336.5
374.8
4.3

8,714.1
8,351.7
362.3
4.2

8,717.9
8,350.0
367.9
4.2

8,740.9
8,383.4
357.5
4.1

Pacific
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21,657.9 21,706.5 21,727.7 21,758.6 21,773.6 21,825.8 21,845.1 21,841.6 21,932.8 21,893.1 21,979.6 21,956.9 22,009.8
20,358.8 20,408.2 20,424.9 20,474.5 20,512.5 20,569.0 20,595.3 20,620.8 20,687.2 20,663.9 20,739.6 20,722.9 20,804.7
1,284.2
1,245.6
1,229.2
1,298.3
1,302.8
1,261.1
1,256.8
1,249.8
1,220.8
1,240.0
1,234.0
1,205.0
1,299.1
5.7
5.7
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
6.0
5.8
5.6
6.0

P = preliminary.
These estimates are obtained from summing offical State estimates produced
and published through the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York,
and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,




Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South
Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central:
Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana,
Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona,
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.

(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997
State
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

2,172.7
2,067.0
105.7
4.9

2,164.6
2,061.9
102.7
4.7

2,154.1
2,055.0
99.1
4.6

2,146.3
2,057.3
89.1
4.1

2,141.6
2,059.8
81.8
3.8

2,149.9
2,060.0
89.9
4.2

2,137.4
2,058.8
78.7
3.7

2,144.7
2,057.9
86.7
4.0

2,142.5
2,060.7
81.8
3.8

2,146.9
2,068.8
78.1
3.6

316.7
292.1
24.5
7.7

317.0
293.0
24.0
7.6

317.4
294.4
23.1
7.3

318.5
295.9
22.6
7.1

317.6
297.8
19.8
6.2

318.0
297.9
20.1
6.3

317.4
298.5
19.0
6.0

316.3
298.3
18.1
5.7

318.5
299.6
18.9
5.9

319.6
299.3
20.3
6.4

317.8
298.0
19.8
6.2

2,157.2
2,061.6
95.5
4.4

2,170.8
2,076.2
94.6
4.4

2,188.9
2,095.7
93.3
4.3

2,211.5
2,116.8
94.7
4.3

2,237.7
2,144.7
93.0
4.2

2,243.0
2,159.2
83.8
3.7

2,252.4
2,163.0
89.3
4.0

2.263.3
2.164.4
99.0
4.4

2,269.5
2,169.8
99.6
4.4

2,262.2
2,169.8
92.5
4.1

2,254.4
2,164.1
90.3
4.0

2,265.3
2,180.7
84.6
3.7

1,205.2
1,139.6
65.6
5.4

1,210.2
1,145.8
64.4
5.3

1,213.3
1,150.3
63.0
5.2

1,219.8
1,158.2
61.6
5.0

1,229.7
1,167.9
61.7
5.0

1,240.6
1,178.5
62.1
5.0

1,245.8
1,180.2
65.6
5.3

1,243.9
1,178.5
65.4
5.3

1,248.9
1,178.8
70.1
5.6

1,249.5
1,184.4
65.1
5.2

1,247.1
1,182.3
64.8
5.2

1,243.1
1,182.9
60.2
4.8

1,240.8
1,183.0
57.7
4.7

16,014.3
15,019.5
994.8
6.2

16,050.6
15,054.3
996.3
6.2

16,058.0
15,058.7
999.4
6.2

16,073.4
15,084.1
989.3
6.2

16,086.1
15,112.5
973.6
6.1

16,122.8
15,151.8
971.0
6.0

16,114.0
15,145.7
968.3
6.0

16,147.0
15,189.0
958.0
5.9

16,218.2
15,238.2
980.0
6.0

16,215.1
15,251.1
964.0
5.9

16,247.1
15,286.6
960.4
5.9

16,262.2
15,319.7
942.5
5.8

16,307.9
15,394.2
913.7
5.6

2,166.3
2,097.7
68.6
3.2

2,166.9
2,098.1
68.8
3.2

2,177.5
2,108.9
68.6
3.1

2,189.1
2,122.6
66.5
3.0

2,196.4
2,129.0
67.4
3.1

2.199.7
2.132.8
66.9
3.0

2,216.2
2,153.1
63.1
2.8

2,232.9
2,165.7
67.2
3.0

2.231.4
2.161.5
69.9
3.1

2,240.5
2,165.1
75.3
3.4

2,245.3
2,173.9
71.4
3.2

2,246.9
2,170.4
76.5
3.4

2,248.9
2,174.2
74.7
3.3

1,722.0
1,634.9
87.1
5.1

1,722.9
1,637.8
85.1
4.9

1,723.9
1,639.7
84.2
4.9

1,725.7
1,643.1
82.6
4.8

1,726.6
1,646.6
80.0
4.6

1,728.2
1,650.7
77.5
4.5

1,720.0
1,654.7
65.3
3.8

1,716.8
1,651.8
65.0
3.8

1,722.4
1,653.0
69.4
4.0

1,714.9
1,647.7
67.1
3.9

1,721.1
1,655.8
65.3
3.8

1,718.0
1,652.7
65.3
3.8

1,709.1
1,650.3
58.8
3.4

378.6
363.3
15.3
4.0

379.7
365.1
14.6
3.8

380.5
366.7
13.8
3.6

381.9
368.7
13.3
3.5

383.9
371.2
12.7
3.3

387.0
374.0
13.0
3.4

387.9
374.6
13.3
3.4

388.7
375.0
13.6
3.5

393.2
379.6
13.6
3.5

393.2
378.3
14.9
3.8

393.9
377.7
16.2
4.1

394.4
378.5
15.9
4.0

395.5
379.4
16.1
4.1

255.0
234.9
20.1
7.9

256.2
235.6
20.6
8.0

256.1
235.0
21.1
8.2

255.7
234.6
21.1
8.3

255.6
234.8
20.8
8.1

255.7
234.9
20.8
8.1

258.5
236.7
21.8
8.4

260.6
237.0
23.6
9.1

260.6
236.3
24.2
9.3

268.4
244.6
23.8
8.9

267.1
245.3
21.8
8.2

265.3
243.6
21.7
8.2

261.4
239.8
21.6
8.3

7,106.1
6,774.0
332.1
4.7

7,129.9
6,796.1
333.8
4.7

7,152.5
6,817.0
335.5
4.7

7,189.9
6,856.0
333.9
4.6

7.221.2
6.884.3
337.0
4.7

7,253.6
6,916.0
337.7
4.7

7.265.1
6.927.2
337.8
4.7

7,258.3
6,922.1
336.1
4.6

7,269.7
6,923.3
346.4
4.8

7,302.6
6,959.8
342.9
4.7

7,299.6
6,970.9
328.7
4.5

7,316.7
6,985.5
331.1
4.5

7.325.2
7.013.3
312.0
4.3

July

Aug.

Sept.

2,189.7
2,074.4
115.3
5.3

2,182.2
2,070.3
111.9
5.1

2,178.1
2,067.4
110.7
5.1

315.6
290.5
25.1
8.0

316.1
291.0
25.1
7.9

2,147.8
2,050.2
97.6
4.5

Oct.

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian lat>or force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




1998

1997

State
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

3,932.2
3,765.3
166.9
4.2

3,928.5
3,764.4
164.2
4.2

3,918.0
3,759.1
158.9
4.1

592.8
555.2
37.6
6.3

592.4
556.3
36.1
6.1

592.5
557.1
35.4
6.0

634.9
600.8
34.1
5.4

636.2
602.5
33.7
5.3

638.0
604.2
33.7
5.3

6,132.1
5,847.1
284.9
4.6

6,135.3
5,852.1
283.2
4.6

6,133.2
5,849.2
284.0
4.6

3,098.4
2,989.6
108.9
3.5

3,104.6
2,991.5
113.0
3.6

1,572.2
1,522.7
49.5
3.1

July

Aug.

Sept.

3,915.2
3,734.3
180.9
4.6

3,928.8
3,751.6
177.2
4.5

3,930.3
3,757.2
173.0
4.4

592.4
553.6
38.8
6.5

592.1
554.4
37.7
6.4

634.8
601.4
33.4
5.3

Oct.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

3,928.7
3,771.7
157.0
4.0

3,950.0
3,786.3
163.6
4.1

3,931.6
3,772.5
159.1
4.0

3,960.4
3,802.7
157.7
4.0

593.1
557.7
35.4
6.0

593.4
560.4
33.0
5.6

592.8
558.7
34.1
5.7

592.9
558.6
34.4
5.8

638.4
605.8
32.6
5.1

641.0
607.4
33.6
5.2

640.1
608.1
32.0
5.0

641.7
609.5
32.2
5.0

6,149.5
5,862.0
287.6
4.7

6,156.7
5,861.9
294.8
4.8

6,162.1
5,867.0
295.1
4.8

6,190.5
5,887.8
302.7
4.9

3,103.6
2,990.9
112.7
3.6

3,111.2
2,997.7
113.5
3.6

3,113.8
3,004.6
109.2
3.5

3,113.0
3,003.9
109.1
3.5

1,568.3
1,519.1
49.2
3.1

1,571.5
1,523.4
48.1
3.1

1,574.0
1,528.4
45.7
2.9

1,573.9
1,528.6
45.3
2.9

1,365.8
1,315.9
49.9
3.7

1,372.2
1,322.6
49.7
3.6

1,377.5
1,326.9
50.6
3.7

1,386.2
1,335.9
50.4
3.6

1,935.3
1,831.0
104.3
5.4

1,936.5
1,834.8
101.7
5.2

1,934.4
1,834.4
100.0
5.2

2,021.3
1,895.9
125.4
6.2

2,024.5
1,901.8
122.7
6.1

655.1
620.0
35.1
5.4

655.6
620.6
35.0
5.3

June

JulyP

3,951.7
3,791.2
160.5
4.1

3,963.4
3,801.1
162.2
4.1

3,966.8
3,807.7
159.1
4.0

592.3
561.0
31.3
5.3

593.4
559.0
34.5
5.8

592.4
556.9
35.5
6.0

596.2
561.4
34.8
5.8

644.8
611.2
33.5
5.2

646.7
613.5
33.2
5.1

647.2
616.4
30.9
4.8

645.1
612.8
32.3
5.0

646.4
614.9
31.5
4.9

6,186.3
5,902.8
283.6
4.6

6,189.1
5,909.1
280.0
4.5

6,142.1
5,886.2
255.9
4.2

6,131.4
5,889.7
241.8
3.9

6,156.8
5,878.7
278.1
4.5

6,175.2
5,900.6
274.6
4.4

3,115.4
3,013.6
101.8
3.3

3,111.1
3,010.6
100.5
3.2

3,133.9
3,027.0
106.9
3.4

3,117.3
3,030.1
87.2
2.8

3,092.6
3,003.7
88.9
2.9

3,081.6
2,993.9
87.7
2.8

3,080.2
3,000.5
79.6
2.6

1,581.7
1,535.7
46.0
2.9

1,589.9
1,545.4
44.5
2.8

1,594.3
1,552.9
41.4
2.6

1,588.6
1,547.1
41.5
2.6

1,582.9
1,544.7
38.2
2.4

1,581.9
1,545.3
36.7
2.3

1,574.5
1,534.7
39.8
2.5

1,566.5
1,526.9
39.6
2.5

1,394.0
1,343.4
50.6
3.6

1,404.4
1,351.6
52.7
3.8

1,407.7
1,358.9
48.8
3.5

1,409.7
1,362.0
47.7
3.4

1,409.8
1,360.3
49.5
3.5

1,414.6
1,366.9
47.7
3.4

1,418.9
1,368.6
50.3
3.5

1,413.2
1,363.2
50.0
3.5

1,418.7
1,366.6
52.1
3.7

1,936.8
1,839.8
97.0
5.0

1,938.7
1,843.8
94.9
4.9

1,937.2
1,844.9
92.3
4.8

1,931.3
1,842.9
88.4
4.6

1,936.3
1,856.5
79.9
4.1

1,945.8
1,858.9
86.9
4.5

1,938.9
1,861.0
77.8
4.0

1,938.9
1,857.3
81.6
4.2

1,944.6
1,858.7
85.8
4.4

1,936.8
1,856.0
80.8
4.2

2,024.5
1,904.3
120.2
5.9

2,034.1
1,914.4
119.7
5.9

2,037.2
1,917.8
119.4
5.9

2,043.8
1,926.5
117.3
5.7

2,067.6
1,962.3
105.3
5.1

2,038.0
1,949.8
88.2
4.3

2,033.2
1,937.4
95.8
4.7

2,054.4
1,940.7
113.8
5.5

2,080.2
1,970.5
109.7
5.3

2,083.7
1,975.0
108.7
5.2

2,073.8
1,951.5
122.2
5.9

656.4
621.1
35.3
5.4

657.8
622.5
35.3
5.4

659.0
624.0
35.0
5.3

661.1
626.3
34.9
5.3

660.9
627.7
33.1
5.0

657.9
627.6
30.3
4.6

655.0
626.6
28.4
4.3

653.3
627.1
26.2
4.0

654.1
629.0
25.1
3.8

650.6
624.4
26.1
4.0

651.3
622.0
29.3
4.5

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Hawaii
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




(Numbers in thousands)
1998

1997
State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

2,787.0
2,641.7
145.3
5.2

2,781.4
2,638.5
142.9
5.1

2,783.8
2,637.7
146.1
5.2

2,784.1
2,644.5
139.6
5.0

2,789.1
2,651.8
137.4
4.9

2,790.8
2,657.1
133.7
4.8

3,269.7
3,138.4
131.4
4.0

3,271.2
3,138.3
132.9
4.1

3,269.1
3,138.0
131.2
4.0

3,268.5
3,141.2
127.3
3.9

3,263.2
3,136.8
126.4
3.9

4,987.3
4,774.1
213.2
4.3

4,971.2
4,770.5
200.7
4.0

4,982.3
4,779.0
203.2
4.1

4,999.9
4,798.9
200.9
4.0

2,623.3
2,538.9
84.4
3.2

2,632.5
2,548.6
83.9
3.2

2,640.3
2,557.0
83.2
3.2

1,266.1
1,193.6
72.5
5.7

1,267.7
1,193.8
74.0
5.8

2,876.6
2,759.1
117.5
4.1

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

2,803.7
2,668.8
134.9
4.8

2,802.1
2,667.2
134.9
4.8

2,796.9
2,666.5
130.4
4.7

2,793.0
2,668.0
125.0
4.5

2,783.7
2,657.0
126.7
4.6

2,776.5
2,652.8
123.7
4.5

2,785.4
2,655.1
130.3
4.7

3,254.5
3,130.3
124.3
3.8

3,258.8
3,141.8
116.9
3.6

3,258.3
3,149.4
108.9
3.3

3,268.4
3,146.5
121.9
3.7

3,244.7
3,148.8
95.8
3.0

3,263.7
3,144.1
119.6
3.7

3,255.7
3,144.5
111.2
3.4

3,253.6
3,152.8
100.8
3.1

5,003.4
4.804.4
199.0
4.0

5,013.0
4,815.7
197.3
3.9

5,047.2
4,849.4
197.7
3.9

5,051.1
4,846.1
205.0
4.1

5,047.6
4,848.8
198.8
3.9

5,033.7
4,857.2
176.6
3.5

5,038.8
4,850.9
187.9
3.7

5,033.4
4,852.3
181.2
3.6

5,020.5
4,811.3
209.2
4.2

2,650.1
2,568.8
81.3
3.1

2,660.8
2,581.2
79.6
3.0

2,670.8
2,593.5
77.3
2.9

2,672.5
2,600.0
72.6
2.7

2,675.4
2,606.3
69.1
2.6

2,684.1
2,607.0
77.1
2.9

2,693.6
2,624.2
69.4
2.6

2,698.3
2,623.8
74.5
2.8

2,699.5
2,630.0
69.5
2.6

2,698.9
2,637.7
61.2
2.3

1,272.6
1,196.1
76.5
6.0

1,277.6
1,204.4
73.2
5.7

1,278.4
1,208.8
69.6
5.4

1,279.3
1,213.7
65.6
5.1

1,284.8
1,214.9
69.8
5.4

1,281.5
1,212.4
69.1
5.4

1,289.9
1,214.5
75.4
5.8

1,282.4
1,214.1
68.3
5.3

1,283.5
1,217.4
66.0
5.1

1,273.6
1,215.0
58.7
4.6

1,279.8
1,217.0
62.8
4.9

2,877.2
2,759.9
117.3
4.1

2,883.0
2,762.8
120.3
4.2

2,892.3
2,772.5
119.9
4.1

2,892.5
2,775.6
116.9
4.0

2,895.0
2,779.2
115.7
4.0

2,911.3
2,796.3
115.0
4.0

2,911.7
2,793.0
118.7
4.1

2,894.8
2,770.2
124.7
4.3

2,911.4
2,781.9
129.6
4.4

2,915.7
2,783.9
131.8
4.5

2,908.5
2,786.0
122.5
4.2

2,911.1
2,790.2
120.9
4.2

454.2
429.6
24.6
5.4

455.2
430.8
24.4
5.4

455.7
431.4
24.3
5.3

458.0
433.3
24.7
5.4

459.0
434.2
24.8
5.4

460.6
435.9
24.7
5.4

462.2
437.1
25.1
5.4

462.5
438.2
24.3
5.3

461.8
436.8
25.0
5.4

462.6
437.2
25.4
5.5

464.4
438.5
25.8
5.6

464.4
439.5
24.9
5.4

464.9
441.1
23.7
5.1

903.9
880.2
23.7
2.6

906.5
883.2
23.3
2.6

910.6
888.3
22.3
2.5

913.9
893.4
20.5
2.2

919.0
899.9
19.1
2.1

923.6
905.9
17.7
1.9

924.2
907.6
16.6
1.8

926.2
908.4
17.9
1.9

926.8
906.3
20.5
2.2

928.7
910.5
18.2
2.0

927.2
908.8
18.4
2.0

927.2
911.6
15.6
1.7

932.1
912.1
20.0
2.1

885.9
850.5
35.4
4.0

888.3
853.5
34.8
3.9

892.1
856.6
35.6
4.0

895.1
859.7
35.4
4.0

897.1
861.7
35.4
3.9

900.6
864.8
35.8
4.0

905.7
866.7
39.0
4.3

911.4
869.7
41.8
4.6

909.6
867.2
42.4
4.7

914.5
870.4
44.1
4.8

915.8
872.9
42.9
4.7

920.6
880.4
40.2
4.4

925.0
886.0
39.0
4.2

650.9
630.8
20.1
3.1

649.1
629.5
19.5
3.0

648.3
629.1
19.2
3.0

652.8
633.3
19.5
3.0

653.2
633.7
19.5
3.0

651.2
632.1
19.1
2.9

653.3
635.4
17.9
2.7

652.7
634.6
18.1
2.8

652.0
632.7
19.3
3.0

653.5
634.9
18.6
2.8

655.2
635.5
19.6
3.0

653.8
636.0
17.8
2.7

653.6
638.2
15.4
2.4

July
Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




1997

1998

State
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

4,203.0
3,990.4
212.6
5.1

4,200.5
3,988.7
211.8
5.0

4,197.0
3,984.2
212.8
5.1

4,194.1
3,983.9
210.1
5.0

4,186.2
3,979.3
206.9
4.9

4,178.1
3,971.6
206.6
4.9

4,181.8
3,977.1
204.7
4.9

4,185.9
3,975.3
210.6
5.0

4,192.5
3,978.5
214.0
5.1

4,188.9
3,974.9
214.1
5.1

823.1
773.5
49.5
6.0

824.1
775.8
48.4
5.9

825.7
776.2
49.6
6.0

829.8
779.8
50.0
6.0

832.8
781.3
51.5
6.2

835.5
782.2
53.3
6.4

836.1
784.9
51.2
6.1

837.7
785.1
52.5
6.3

841.7
787.7
54.0
6.4

8,841.6
8,269.8
571.8
6.5

8,834.9
8,266.2
568.7
6.4

8,825.2
8,261.8
563.4
6.4

8,818.5
8,261.5
557.0
6.3

8,799.5
8,252.7
546.7
6.2

8,775.9
8,241.8
534.0
6.1

8,786.7
8,259.4
527.2
6.0

8,810.2
8,267.9
542.3
6.2

3,850.6
3,710.2
140.4
3.6

3,842.2
3,702.1
140.1
3.6

3,844.3
3,706.3
138.0
3.6

3,842.4
3,705.7
136.7
3.6

3,843.3
3,704.0
139.4
3.6

3,828.0
3,688.2
139.8
3.7

3,842.0
3,703.7
138.4
3.6

347.6
339.1
8.5
2.5

346.9
339.0
7.9
2.3

346.7
338.9
7.7
2.2

346.1
339.5
6.6
1.9

346.3
339.2
7.1
2.0

346.1
339.1
7.0
2.0

5,697.4
5,444.0
253.4
4.4

5,718.4
5,463.1
255.3
4.5

5,732.3
5,473.2
259.0
4.5

5,746.7
5,487.0
259.7
4.5

5,767.0
5,510.9
256.1
4.4

1,598.9
1,531.6
67.3
4.2

1,600.0
1,534.0
66.0
4.1

1,603.9
1,538.4
65.6
4.1

1,605.0
1,542.2
62.8
3.9

1,720.4
1,620.2
100.2
5.8

1,738.1
1,638.6
99.5
5.7

1,751.3
1,651.3
99.9
5.7

5,986.2
5,668.6
317.6
5.3

5,987.8
5,674.1
313.8
5.2

505.5
478.4
27.1
5.4

506.0
479.5
26.5
5.2

July

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

JulyP

4,185.0
3,975.7
209.3
5.0

4,193.9
3,991.8
202.1
4.8

4,185.4
3,982.8
202.7
4.8

842.7
790.7
52.1
6.2

842.7
788.1
54.5
6.5

846.9
790.2
56.7
6.7

847.2
793.4
53.8
6.4

8,795.3
8,261.8
533.5
6.1

8,773.0
8,267.5
505.4
5.8

8,788.3
8,287.8
500.5
5.7

8,781.1
8,301.5
479.7
5.5

8,769.2
8,289.6
479.6
5.5

3,847.8
3,706.5
141.3
3.7

3,846.9
3,698.0
148.8
3.9

3,823.1
3,683.1
140.1
3.7

3,807.1
3,680.8
126.3
3.3

3,776.3
3,661.0
115.3
3.1

3,790.1
3,667.0
123.2
3.2

346.2
339.8
6.4
1.8

346.0
339.4
6.6
1.9

346.4
338.0
8.4
2.4

344.9
338.2
6.7
1.9

346.4
339.1
7.3
2.1

347.3
339.5
7.8
2.2

346.9
339.4
7.5
2.2

5,786.2
5,531.5
254.6
4.4

5,796.7
5,561.9
234.7
4.0

5,803.6
5,562.7
240.9
4.2

5,805.8
5,558.4
247.5
4.3

5,784.3
5,562.3
222.0
3.8

5,802.3
5,555.7
246.7
4.3

5,805.1
5,544.0
261.1
4.5

5,810.1
5,539.9
270.1
4.6

1,607.7
1,546.9
60.8
3.8

1,607.5
1,550.2
57.3
3.6

1,608.2
1,555.4
52.7
3.3

1,612.4
1,555.6
56.9
3.5

1,616.2
1,558.7
57.5
3.6

1,611.6
1,551.0
60.5
3.8

1,614.2
1,554.8
59.5
3.7

1,614.8
1,550.0
64.8
4.0

1,622.3
1,551.6
70.6
4.4

1,764.7
1,665.7
99.0
5.6

1,767.3
1,670.8
96.5
5.5

1,775.4
1,681.2
94.2
5.3

1,807.9
1,713.8
94.1
5.2

1,774.4
1,690.5
83.9
4.7

1,778.5
1,691.3
87.2
4.9

1,769.2
1,679.3
89.9
5.1

1,775.0
1,682.7
92.2
5.2

1,755.1
1,660.2
94.9
5.4

1,765.6
1,670.0
95.6
5.4

5,989.1
5,681.3
307.8
5.1

5,986.5
5,688.1
298.4
5.0

5,990.7
5,697.7
292.9
4.9

5,991.7
5,705.0
286.7
4.8

5,977.8
5,701.4
276.4
4.6

5,978.3
5,698.5
279.8
47

5,979.1
5,694.3
284.8
4.8

5,980.2
5,723.6
256.6
4.3

5,963.8
5,708.3
255.6
4.3

5,962.1
5,700.4
261.7
4.4

5,979.0
5,708.8
270.1
4.5

507.1
480.9
26.2
5.2

507.7
481.6
26.0
5.1

506.7
481.4
25.2
5.0

507.5
482.9
24.6
4.9

508.6
484.1
24.5
4.8

506.5
481.9
24.6
4.9

509.5
483.7
25.8
5.1

506.6
481.9
24.7
4.9

501.8
478.4
23.4
4.7

498.4
477.9
20.5
4.1

499.8
477.7
22.1
4.4

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




(Numbers in thousands)
1997

1998

State
July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

IVIar.

Apr.

1,928.0
1,842.5
85.5
4.4

1,925.4
1,842.9
82.5
4.3

1,918.6
1,839.6
79.0
4.1

1,912.2
1,839.4
72.8
3.8

1,907.7
1,836.9
70.8
3.7

1,902.9
1,832.9
70.0
3.7

1,908.4
1,834.5
73.8
3.9

1,910.4
1,844.5
65.8
3.4

1,902.6
1,856.3
46.2
2.4

1,913.3
1,856.8
56.6
3.0

391.5
379.8
11.7
3.0

392.1
380.3
11.8
3.0

392.5
380.9
11.6
2.9

394.4
383.0
11.3
2.9

395.9
384.8
11.2
2.8

397.5
386.7
10.8
2.7

398.0
386.7
11.3
2.8

398.7
388.2
10.5
2.6

398.6
387.8
10.8
2.7

2,701.5
2,547.8
153.7
5.7

2,699.4
2,555.2
144.2
5.3

2,712.0
2,565.0
146.9
5.4

2,731.5
2,589.6
141.9
5.2

2,753.6
2,611.2
142.5
5.2

2,775.2
2,634.7
140.6
5.1

2,782.4
2,660.5
121.9
4.4

2,776.9
2,656.6
120.3
4.3

9,883.9
9,345.7
538.2
5.4

9,901.6
9,369.9
531.7
5.4

9,922.5
9,397.6
524.9
5.3

9,944.2
9,425.5
518.8
5.2

9,955.2
9,454.0
501.3
5.0

9,979.9
9,489.4
490.5
4.9

10,011.7
9,520.9
490.9
4.9

1,038.7
1,006.4
32.3
3.1

1,044.2
1,011.7
32.5
3.1

1,049.7
1,017.6
32.1
3.1

1,056.1
1,024.2
31.9
3.0

1,061.9
1,030.9
31.1
2.9

1,069.7
1,038.8
30.9
2.9

325.4
312.7
12.7
3.9

325.9
313.3
12.7
3.9

326.4
313.8
12.6
3.9

328.5
315.9
12.6
3.8

329.3
316.9
12.4
3.8

3,389.4
3,252.9
136.6
4.0

3,411.1
3,276.3
134.7
4.0

3,435.0
3,302.9
132.1
3.8

3,465.9
3,338.8
127.1
3.7

3,015.2
2,875.0
140.2
4.7

3,009.7
2,869.9
139.7
4.6

3,008.9
2,867.6
141.3
4.7

803.4
747.9
55.5
6.9

802.2
747.4
54.7
6.8

2,927.8
2,817.8
110.1
3.8

249.7
236.9
12.8
5.1

May

June

JulyP

1,919.4
1,854.3
65.0
3.4

1,929.2
1,867.3
61.9
3.2

1,941.5
1,868.0
73.5
3.8

398.4
387.4
11.0
2.8

399.8
388.9
10.9
2.7

400.6
390.0
10.7
2.7

401.2
389.9
11.3
2.8

2,781.4
2,650.8
130.7
4.7

2,790.0
2,657.2
132.9
4.8

2,779.4
2,658.8
120.7
4.3

2,766.6
2,659.7
106.9
3.9

2,773.8
2,667.4
106.5
3.8

10,022.0
9,558.1
463.9
4.6

10,051.2
9,581.3
469.9
4.7

10,070.5
9,611.9
458.7
4.6

10,100.4
9,640.1
460.3
4.6

10,133.4
9,630.8
502.6
5.0

10,162.0
9,662.9
499.1
4.9

1,076.5
1,045.6
30.9
2.9

1,079.5
1,048.4
31.1
2.9

1,077.5
1,043.9
33.6
3.1

1,080.1
1,045.5
34.6
3.2

1,080.2
1,047.2
33.0
3.1

1,081.4
1,046.6
34.8
3.2

1,084.5
1,046.2
38.3
3.5

330.3
318.0
12.3
3.7

329.2
317.2
12.0
3.6

330.8
319.3
11.5
3.5

331.8
320.4
11.4
3.4

330.2
319.6
10.6
3.2

329.1
317.9
11.2
3.4

330.4
318.9
11.5
3.5

333.1
321.3
11.8
3.5

3,500.9
3,376.1
124.8
3.6

3,538.4
3,417.2
121.2
3.4

3,541.0
3,424.7
116.4
3.3

3,547.6
3,431.8
115.8
3.3

3,554.8
3,436.2
118.6
3.3

3,540.2
3,440.8
99.4
2.8

3,555.0
3,448.8
106.2
3.0

3,554.9
3,443.8
111.2
3.1

3,555.7
3,449.5
106.1
3.0

3,011.2
2,875.3
135.8
4.5

3,010.2
2,877.7
132.6
4.4

3,016.0
2,882.4
133.6
4.4

3,012.2
2,877.6
134.6
4.5

3,009.4
2,884.7
124.6
4.1

3,025.7
2,900.7
125.0
4.1

3,000.0
2,874.2
125.9
4.2

3,045.6
2,911.6
134.0
4.4

3,027.6
2,886.8
140.8
4.7

3,022.3
2,881.1
141.2
4.7

801.7
747.6
54.1
6.7

804.6
750.8
53.8
6.7

805.0
752.1
52.9
6.6

802.7
751.0
51.6
6.4

802.9
753.7
49.2
6.1

800.4
754.2
46.2
5.8

807.0
752.0
55.1
6.8

806.2
752.9
53.4
6.6

811.3
759.3
52.0
6.4

806.4
750.5
55.9
6.9

806.7
751.5
55.2
6.8

2,930.1
2,821.2
108.9
3.7

2,933.8
2,826.4
107.4
3.7

2,941.9
2,836.7
105.1
3.6

2,947.0
2,843.1
103.8
3.5

2,953.0
2,849.8
103.2
3.5

2,963.4
2,869.6
93.8
3.2

2,962.7
2,875.3
87.3
2.9

2,957.6
2,866.5
91.1
3.1

2,947.9
2,878.4
69.4
2.4

2,949.3
2,870.9
78.4
2.7

2,954.5
2,867.2
87.3
3.0

2,973.0
2,872.1
100.9
3.4

250.1
237.5
12.6
5.0

250.5
238.2
12.3
4.9

252.1
240.1
12.1
4.8

253.0
241.4
11.6
4.6

254.9
243.5
11.4
4.5

254.0
243.5
10.6
4.2

254.2
244.0
10.2
4.0

255.0
244.3
10.7
4.2

254.8
244.2
10.5
4.1

256.3
245.0
11.3
4.4

258.1
245.9
12.1
4.7

258.7
246.8
11.8
4.6

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be




revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
June

June

July
1997

July
1998

1997

1998

1997

1998P

90.3
2.5
13.4
3.9
2.2
4.6
2.3
5.4
10.2
5.0
2.5

6.2
6.9
4.2
6.4
6.0
8.3
6.2
3.6
6.1
5.3
4.4

4.8
5.2
3.2
4.4
3.8
7.6
5.1
3.2
4.5
3.8
3.3

5.8
6.8
3.7
6.4
5.3
7.0
5.5
4.9
5.3
4.7
3.8

4.2
4.6
2.8
5.3
3.2
6.6
4.5
3.2
3.7
3.1
3.0

21.9
7.2

17.3
5.8

7.6
5.7

6.0
4.5

6.7
5.2

5.2
4.1

100.0
4.7
40.6
10.4
22.5

114.2
5.8
45.7
12.6
24.1

101.3
4.8
41.3
10.2
23.0

5.0
9.8
3.1
3.5
32.4

4.4
8.1
2.7
2.8
32.0

5.3
9.7
3.2
3.6
36.3

4.4
7.7
2.7
2.8
33.0

66.8
4.7
5.0
1.8
12.8
3.2

62.3
4.5
4.5
1.7
11.7
3.1

72.8
5.0
5.4
2.0
13.3
3.4

64.2
4.7
4.5
1.7
11.5
3.1

5.5
3.4
5.2
4.5
4.3
8.7

4.9
3.1
4.6
4.1
3.8
8.3

5.9
3.6
5.6
4.9
4.5
9.3

5.1
3.3
4.6
3.9
3.7
8.2

16,481.1
296.5
87.8
452.2
4,654.5
85.1
211.7
1,202.1
1,434.3
72.7
1,401.9
758.7
185.6
1,312.0
960.3
979.0
109.3
196.1
149.9
244.2
250.1
249.4
392.4
167.0
88.4
59.2

1,005.7
34.3
8.0
54.3
304.8
12.5
27.7
53.7
47.2
6.5
96.7
42.1
13.6
57.6
33.3
29.6
4.9
8.3
8.6
9.2
27.3
14.9
23.2
22.9
4.4
8.1

942.9
31.4
7.6
58.9
293.0
12.8
26.7
47.8
42.7
6.5
86.0
38.0
13.9
47.4
29.4
30.1
4.5
7.3
7.9
8.3
26.2
12.8
19.1
22.1
4.1
8.5

1,076.3
32.6
7.8
53.6
339.0
11.8
25.7
57.7
51.3
6.5
111.0
43.1
13.5
60.4
36.1
31.8
5.2
9.0
8.8
9.9
25.5
15.8
29.4
23.5
4.4
7.1

992.9
35.0
7.3
57.1
320.5
11.9
24.5
49.8
44.5
6.0
94.0
38.3
12.7
49.9
30.8
32.5
4.5
7.1
7.7
8.2
26.2
12.5
22.1
26.9
4.0
7.6

6.3
11.9
9.4
12.6
6.8
14.6
13.4
4.6
3.4
8.7
7.1
5.7
7.4
4.5
3.6
3.2
4.6
4.2
5.8
3.9
10.9
6.1
6.1
14.1
5.0
14.2

5.8
10.9
8.8
13.2
6.5
14.8
12.9
4.0
3.0
8.8
6.1
5.1
7.6
3.6
3.1
3.1
4.1
3.7
5.2
3.4
10.5
5.2
4.9
13.5
4.6
14.6

6.6
11.0
9.0
12.1
7.5
13.6
12.1
4.9
3.7
8.8
8.1
5.7
7.2
4.7
3.8
3.3
4.9
4.6
6.1
4.1
10.2
6.4
7.7
14.4
5.1
12.3

6.0
11.8
8.3
12.6
6.9
14.0
11.6
4.1
3.1
8.2
6.7
5.0
6.9
3.8
3.2
3.3
4.1
3.6
5.1
3.4
10.5
5.0
5.6
16.1
4.6
12.8

2,195.1
169.2
249.4
1,106.4
136.8
57.3
82.4
61.1

2,277.7
173.2
258.2
1,151.8
139.9
60.4
85.5
64.5

83.2
5.7
11.0
35.7
5.1
2.8
3.8
3.2

90.3
6.2
12.2
36.7
5.4
3.1
4.0
5.6

69.0
4.9
9.4
29.8
4.1
2.4
3.1
2.8

75.8
5.3
10.3
32.1
4.5
2.6
3.4
4.1

3.8
3.4
4.4
3.2
3.7
4.9
4.6
5.2

4.0
3.6
4.7
3.2
3.8
5.1
4.6
8.6

3.1
2.9
3.8
2.7
3.0
4.1
3.8
4.6

3.3
3.1
4.0
2.8
3.3
4.2
4.0
6.4

1,746.2
221.6
111.0
589.8
271.6
158.7
201.0
122.0

1,774.8
224.4
111.6
601.1
280.6
162.6
202.4
121.8

1,762.8
222.5
112.3
594.6
274.0
161.5
204.3
122.6

94.7
14.3
3.9
33.8
15.5
9.3
6.6
7.3

70.4
10.8
3.0
24.6
10.7
7.1
5.3
5.6

97.6
14.5
4.5
34.6
16.0
9.3
6.8
7.6

69.6
10.7
3.2
24.0
11.0
7.1
5.2
5.6

5.4
6.4
3.5
5.7
5.6
5.9
3.4
6.1

4.0
4.9
2.7
4.2
4.0
4.5
2.6
4.6

5.5
6.5
4.0
5.8
5.7
5.7
3.3
6.3

4.0
4.8
2.9
4.0
4.0
4.4
2.5
4.6

398.0
70.0
297.2

384.0
66.0
287.6

400.8
70.7
297.7

16.2
3.2
14.4

16.1
3.3
14.3

15.6
3.1
13.5

16.4
2.8
15.7

4.2
4.9
5.0

4.1
4.7
4.8

4.1
4.7
4.7

4.1
4.0
5.3

1998

1997

1998P

2,218.4
56.8
478.4
73.6
68.5
73.5
51.6
172.5
278.2
164.5
83.3

2,173.2
54.2
475.7
72.8
67.6
71.7
51.5
171.7
273.5
160.2
84.2

2,202.9
56.2
477.1
73.4
68.1
72.9
51.2
173.2
275.0
163.9
83.3

2,161.2
54.2
473.9
73.5
67.3
70.8
50.6
170.5
272.9
159.1
84.0

138.2
3.9
20.1
4.7
4.1
6.1
3.2
6.2
17.0
8.8
3.7

104.1
2.8
15.3
3.2
2.5
5.5
2.7
5.6
12.3
6.1
2.8

127.7
3.8
17.7
4.7
3.6
5.1
2.8
8.5
14.5
7.7
3.2

322.3
137.8

327.5
141.9

328.9
138.3

332.0
142.2

24.5
7.9

19.8
6.4

Arizona
Flagstaff
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Yuma

2,163.7
58.7
1,416.1
357.8
64.6

2,277.1
57.7
1,505.0
368.6
70.4

2,170.6
60.2
1,425.2
350.0
66.4

2,286.4
61.9
1,510.3
365.8
69.7

108.1
5.7
43.9
12.4
20.9

Arkansas
Fayettevllle-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Jonesboro
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,221.4
137.5
95.3
40.4
297.2
36.5

1,264.6
143.6
98.1
42.2
308.2
37.4

1,230.3
139.2
97.2
40.7
299.0
36.8

1,263.6
144.1
98.3
42.5
308.2
37.3

15,976.3
288.1
84.8
432.0
4,454.0
85.4
206.4
1.176.5
1,381.9
74.6
1,363.1
740.8
184.4
1,284.6
930.7
938.3
107.4
197.5
148.0
239.3
249.4
241.9
382.4
162.1
87.2
57.3

16,274.6
286.4
86.0
444.8
4,539.9
86.6
207.4
1,195.6
1,423.0
73.7
1,403.4
750.4
183.7
1,304.0
943.0
964.2
111.3
196.0
151.9
246.6
249.0
247.7
389.5
164.1
89.0
58.1

16,185.3
296.2
86.5
443.7
4,548.8
86.9
212.4
1,188.8
1,394.2
73.3
1,366.0
750.3
187.2
1,292.7
944.8
957.2
105.8
197.3
146.2
237.9
249.2
244.8
383.3
162.9
86.8
57.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver
Fort Collins-Loveland
Grand Junction
Greeley
Pueblo

2,188.1
167.7
250.5
1,101.2
136.3
57.1
82.1
60.8

2,281.3
173.8
258.6
1,150.5
140.9
60.4
85.8
65.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Nonwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

1,750.1
223.6
109.5
594.6
276.5
158.0
197.6
120.3
381.2
66.1
287.1

Alaska
Anchorage

California
Bakersfield
Chico-Paradise
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Merced
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Redding
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
San Luis Obispo-Atascadero-Paso Robles
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Cruz-Watsonville
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville
Yolo
Yuba City

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark




July

1997

1997
Alabama
Anniston
Birmingham
Decatur
Dothan
Florence
Gadsden
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

June
1998P

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
June

July

June

July
1997

1998

1997

1998P

24.3
82.5

8.6
4.0

9.0
3.4

8.6
3.7

8.9
3.1

359.6
7.2
36.0
5.9
13.7
2.6
3.0
19.7
16.7
9.1
75.8
5.6
4.3
29.7
3.7
7.0
1.8
7.6
4.6
40.3
33.9

337.2
6.3
34.5
5.4
14.7
2.4
2.8
17.9
15.7
8.5
67.8
5.4
4.4
26.9
3.2
7.1
1.6
7.1
4.7
371
33.5

5.1
3.9
5.1
3.5
9.7
3.5
3.3
3.9
7.3
4.6
7.7
5.8
4.8
3.6
5.6
4.4
3.8
2.6
3.6
3.7
6.8

4.8
3.7
5.0
3.3
10.1
3.4
3.1
3.5
6.6
4.8
7.2
5.0
4.8
3.4
5.3
4.6
3.4
2.5
3.7
3.4
6.4

5.0
3.8
4.7
3.4
11.3
3.2
3.0
3.6
8.5
4.4
72
6.6
4.6
3.6
5.4
4.1
3.9
2.9
3.2
3.5
7.0

4.5
3.3
4.4
3.1
11.7
2.8
2.6
3.2
78
4.0
6.4
6.1
4.6
3.1
4.6
3.9
3.4
2.5
3.2
3.1
6.6

183.9
5.3
2.3
76.0
12.8
6.4
8.9
6.7

198.5
4.1
2.5
84.1
14.6
6.8
7.8
7.2

177.8
4.7
2.2
77.7
11.9
6.3
7.8
6.0

5.2
7.5
3.1
4.3
7.3
5.4
5.5
5.9

4.6
9.0
3.1
3.6
6.2
5.2
5.7
5.0

5.0
7.0
3.5
4.0
7.0
5.5
5.1
5.3

4.4
8.0
3.0
3.7
5.8
5.1
5.0
4.5

42.9
24.7

39.3
23.5

41.8
24.3

37.9
23.0

7.2
5.8

6.6
5.5

7.0
5.7

6.3
5.3

658.5
219.3
39.0

30.5
7.8
2.2

28.8
7.7
1.7

30.2
7.9
2.1

28.1
7.5
1.7

4.7
3.6
5.7

4.4
3.5
4.4

4.7
3.7
5.5

4.3
3.4
4.3

6,217.2
80.0
92.1
4,147.7
187.4
59.8
52.6
184.7
199.1
107.3

6,258.4
82.3
92.8
4,184.4
187.6
58.9
53.3
185.2
198.8
107.1

291.2
2.1
2.7
182.1
6.7
4.6
2.9
7.9
12.2
4.7

287.9
2.1
2.8
182.3
6.1
3.7
3.2
6.7
8.3
4.4

284.5
1.9
3.1
178.3
6.4
4.3
2.7
73
11.7
4.4

275.2
1.9
3.0
174.4
5.3
3.4
3.0
6.4
11.4
4.0

4.7
2.6
3.0
4.4
3.6
7.6
5.5
4.3
6.1
4.3

4.6
2.6
3.1
4.4
3.2
6.3
6.0
3.6
4.2
4.1

4.6
2.4
3.3
4.3
3.4
73
5.2
4.0
5.9
4.1

4.4
2.3
3.2
4.2
2.8
5.8
5.6
3.4
5.7
3.7

3,130.5
59.8
93.9
157.1
270.5
305.3
844.3
52.8
88.5
61.5
138.0
69.4

3,153.2
59.8
96.4
163.0
272.1
308.5
846.6
52.0
874
60.5
140.0
71.6

3,129.1
59.6
93.8
158.0
267.1
303.0
849.6
53.1
88.7
60.2
138.2
68.7

106.1
1.5
2.8
6.8
7.7
12.2
22.9
1.7
2.1
2.3
4.3
4.2

86.9
1.7
2.1
6.0
6.3
10.3
19.3
1.5
2.0
2.4
3.3
3.2

113.3
1.4
3.1
8.3
8.4
12.7
23.6
1.7
2.0
2.5
4.4
4.1

83.6
1.3
1.6
4.7
7.8
7.9
20.6
3.3
1.4
2.4
3.2
2.2

3.4
2.6
2.9
4.3
2.8
4.0
2.7
3.3
2.5
3.8
3.1
5.8

2.8
2.9
2.2
3.8
2.3
3.4
2.3
2.8
2.2
4.0
2.4
4.6

3.6
2.4
3.2
5.1
3.1
4.1
2.8
3.4
2.3
4.2
3.1
5.7

2.7
2.2
1.7
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.4
6.1
1.5
4.0
2.3
3.3

1,598.1
110.1
254.8
49.6
66.6
66.1
68.5

1,590.4
108.2
256.8
49.9
62.5
66.3
68.2

1,584.1
109.8
254.6
49.3
63.6
65.9
68.3

51.1
2.8
6.7
1.9
1.9
2.5
2.7

39.6
1.9
4.8
1.4
1.5
1.9
2.2

44.0
2.3
5.6
1.5
1.6
2.2
2.4

35.2
1.7
4.0
1.2
1.6
1.7
1.9

3.2
2.6
2.6
3.8
2.9
3.8
4.0

2.5
1.8
1.9
2.8
2.3
2.9
3.2

2.8
2.1
2.2
3.0
2.6
3.3
3.5

2.2
1.5
1.6
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.8

1997

1998

1997

1997

1998

1997

1998P

District of Columbia
Washington

258.9
2,538.4

269.7
2,621.2

266.4
2,579.6

272.7
2,654.4

22.3
102.8

24.3
90.1

22.9
95.4

Florida.
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Fort Pierce-Port St. Lucie ..
Fort Walton Beach
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Tltusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Naples
Ocala
Orlando
Panama City
Pensacola
Punta Gorda
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Cleanwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

7,145.0
188.0
753.6
169.7
120.9
81.9
100.2
536.4
198.0
203.9
1,049.9
85.4
93.8
819.6
68.7
170.5
45.6
262.5
141.8
1,135.2
481.5

7,382.8
192.8
777.8
172.9
125.5
85.0
103.4
556.4
200.5
208.8
1,060.9
88.5
97.1
856.7
70.0
177.3
46.6
283.1
144.4
1,181.0
500.7

7,198.8
189.9
758.2
170.1
121.7
81.5
101.5
543.1
197.7
207.5
1,059.3
85.1
94.4
827.9
69.4
172.2
45.4
266.1
143.4
1,146.5
484.3

7413.6
193.4
778.5
173.4
126.4
84.5
104.6
562.1
201.6
211.0
1,066.4
88.6
96.9
861.3
69.6
178.6
45.6
285.2
146.1
1,190.3
503.4

364.2
7.4
38.5
6.0
11.7
2.8
3.3
20.8
14.5
9.4
81.1
4.9
4.5
29.6
3.9
7.6
1.7
6.9
5.1
41.8
32.7

355.3
7.1
38.6
5.7
12.6
2.9
3.2
19.6
13.2
10.1
76.6
4.4
4.7
29.1
3.7
8.2
1.6
7.2
5.4
39.9
32.0

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken .
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

3,950.0
58.6
73.8
2,084.0
208.8
123.9
154.0
134.7

3,996.4
58.8
75.3
2,106.1
206.3
124.0
155.4
134.2

3,948.5
58.7
71.9
2,082.8
209.1
123.6
153.5
133.9

3,996.9
58.7
73.2
2,107.0
206.8
123.2
154.1
132.3

205.4
4.4
2.3
88.8
15.2
6.7
8.5
79

Hawaii
Honolulu ....

595.3
428.4

596.2
426.8

599.7
428.5

603.2
429.1

Idaho
Boise City ..
Pocatello....

645.8
213.3
38.6

657.2
218.6
39.1

6470
213.1
38.3

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champalgn-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,207.6
80.1
91.8
4,130.3
186.9
60.0
52.7
184.2
199.5
108.0

6,248.9
82.4
92.3
4,165.1
189.6
59.0
53.7
184.9
198.2
107.7

Indiana
Bloom ington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,142.3
59.9
95.6
160.7
271.0
308.7
838.9
51.8
87.0
60.9
139.2
71.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids.
Des Moines.
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,598.3
109.1
256.0
49.5
64.8




66.1
67.5

July

June
1998P

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
June

July

June

1997

July
1998

1997

June
1997

1998

1997

1998P

50.3
2.4
3.3
8.0

3.9
4.8
4.8
3.5

3.7
5.0
3.8
3.1

3.5
4.2
4.2
3.3

3.5
4.5
3.5
2.8

105.7
6.4
25.3
3.4

82.4
5.0
16.2
2.1

5.6
2.9
4.3
6.7

4.5
2.1
3.3
4.5

5.4
2.5
4.5
6.6

4.2
1.9
2.8
4.1

131.7
3.8
15.5
3.3
10.7
5.1
4.4
34.0
17.7

137.6
4.4
18.3
3.5
9.6
6.4
5.0
38.7
13.5

135.7
4.0
15.3
3.3
10.4
5.3
5.1
34.1
18.7

7.3
7.3
6.7
4.2
6.1
7.8
7.9
6.6
7.9

6.2
6.2
5.1
3.4
5.8
5.4
6.1
5.3
8.9

6.7
7.4
6.2
3.8
5.4
6.9
7.0
6.1
7.1

6.4
6.6
5.0
3.4
5.6
5.7
7.0
5.3
9.4

35.4
2.0
2.9
3.8

25.8
1.4
2.2
3.0

29.2
1.6
2.8
3.2

22.9
1.2
2.1
2.4

5.3
4.1
5.7
2.9

3.9
2.7
4.3
2.3

4.3
3.3
5.4
2.4

3.4
2.4
4.2
1.8

2,856.3
1,349.9
46.5
72.3

158.3
84.1
4.2
3.7

135.9
73.3
3.4
2.9

146.2
79.6
4.0
3.2

131.0
76.0
3.8
2.6

5.6
6.3
8.9
5.2

4.8
5.5
7.3
4.0

5.1
5.9
8.6
4.5

4.6
5.6
8.1
3.6

3,323.7
83.8
1,838.0
132.9
71.9
199.7
164.7
83.4
41.8
283.8
251.6

3,308.1
82.7
1,840.0
131.9
70.4
197.1
165.2
81.9
41.2
282.6
249.8

138.2
3.2
67.3
7.0
3.8
11.1
6.6
6.1
2.1
12.3
9.8

116.8
2.7
55.4
5.6
2.9
9.8
5.9
5.1
1.8
11.8
9.1

134.8
2.9
64.6
6.7
3.9
10.3
6.7
6.5
1.9
12.0
9.5

104.8
2.2
49.5
5.1
2.8
8.4
5.5
5.0
1.6
10.3
8.3

4.2
4.1
3.7
5.2
5.4
5.5
4.0
7.3
5.1
4.3
3.9

3.5
3.4
3.0
4.2
4.0
4.9
3.5
6.2
4.4
4.1
3.6

4.1
3.4
3.5
5.0
5.4
5.2
4.0
7.8
4.5
4.2
3.8

3.2
2.6
2.7
3.9
4.0
4.3
3.4
6.1
3.8
3.6
3.3

5,112.4
294.8
84.4
2,297.4
210.0
604.7
78.0
232.0
240.6
205.3

5,072.6
292.0
84.8
2,283.0
206.3
594.2
77.5
233.2
240.5
203.9

5,098.9
295.0
84.2
2,274.7
209.9
604.7
78.3
232.1
240.3
204.0

222.3
7.4
5.4
92.4
12.2
21.9
3.9
11.5
7.3
9.3

197.1
6.0
4.1
84.9
14.8
18.8
2.9
8.1
6.6
7.9

250.1
9.5
4.2
121.3
14.8
22.5
3.4
10.1
7.6
8.6

244.3
9.2
3.4
103.7
25.9
21.0
2.8
8.5
14.6
12.5

4.4
2.6
6.3
4.1
5.9
3.7
5.0
4.9
3.0
4.5

3.9
2.0
4.9
3.7
7.1
3.1
3.7
3.5
2.7
3.8

4.9
3.2
5.0
5.3
7.2
3.8
4.4
4.3
3.2
4.2

4.8
3.1
4.1
4.6
12.3
3.5
3.6
3.7
6.1
6.1

2,654.9
125.3
1,647.3
67.0
91.0

2,740.2
128.9
1,707.2
70.4
94.1

2,657.0
125.5
1,663.7
67.9
91.4

2,732.2
128.6
1,717.7
71.3
93.3

97.5
7.1
48.3
1.7
3.9

81.9
6.1
41.2
1.5
3.1

79.7
5.7
40.5
1.4
3.0

56.6
4.4
28.7
1.0
2.2

3.7
5.7
2.9
2.5
4.3

3.0
4.8
2.4
2.2
3.3

3.0
4.5
2.4
2.0
3.3

2.1
3.4
1.7
1.4
2.4

Mississippi
Biloxi-Gulfport-Pascagoula
Hattiesburg
Jackson

1,276.6
160.2
50.7
225.1

1,291.6
164.0
51.7
233.6

1,280.3
161.7
51.7
225.5

1,292.2
163.7
51.9
231.9

87.7
9.5
2.0
9.7

74.1
7.3
1.8
8.6

77.7
7.8
1.9
8.6

66.9
6.3
1.8
7.7

6.9
5.9
4.0
4.3

5.7
4.4
3.5
3.7

6.1
4.8
3.7
3.8

5.2
3.8
3.5
3.3

Missouri
Columbia
Joplin
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,928.6
82.1
81.2
971.1
49.2
1,360.5
169.5

2,956.6
82.3
82.2
1,004.5
49.7
1,372.4
171.1

2,925.7
79.3
79.5
983.8
48.4
1,373.3
167.8

2,959.0
79.5
80.4
1,019.4
49.1
1,385.3
170.0

123.4
1.4
3.1
35.9
2.5
56.4
5.8

127.5
1.4
3.6
40.0
2.2
62.9
5.4

126.6
1.2
3.0
35.3
2.1
63.5
5.0

130.3
1.3
3.3
43.4
2.0
65.9
4.6

4.2
1.7
3.8
3.7
5.2
4.1
3.4

4.3
1.8
4.4
4.0
4.4
4.6
3.2

4.3
1.5
3.8
3.6
4.3
4.6
3.0

4.4
1.7
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.8
2.7

458.3
68.5
38.1

470.5
70.2
38.2

466.5
70.5
38.7

477.1
72.3
38.7

24.2
3.3
2.1

24.7
3.2
2.0

23.2
3.3
1.9

22.3
3.0
1.9

5.3
4.8
5.5

5.2
4.6
5.3

5.0
4.7
4.9

4.7
4.1
4.8

1997

1998

1997

1998P

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,379.0
51.0
89.9
277.2

1,439.6
53.6
92.1
288.6

1,388.9
51.4
90.3
279.8

1,441.4
54.1
92.7
290.3

53.2
2.5
4.3
9.7

53.3
2.7
3.5
8.9

48.2
2.2
3.8
9.2

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,970.9
255.8
559.1
51.0

1,983.0
262.5
571.9
51.1

1,974.3
255.8
567.8
51.5

1,976.1
260.2
573.0
51.3

110.7
7.4
24.0
3.4

89.6
5.6
18.9
2.3

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

2,063.7
60.1
294.2
90.3
176.7
90.8
70.8
628.4
190.0

2,127.6
61.9
306.0
97.5
185.3
93.5
72.1
640.2
199.4

2,066.2
60.0
294.4
91.7
177.7
91.7
70.7
632.2
190.0

2,119.7
61.5
302.8
96.5
184.8
93.2
72.3
640.3
198.7

151.5
4.4
19.8
3.8
10.7
7.1
5.6
41.8
15.0

671.7
49.6
51.4
132.0

665.9
50.6
51.4
131.4

675.2
49.9
51.4
133.9

670.5
50.3
51.3
133.1

Maryland
Baltimore
Cumberland
Hagerstown

2,835.7
1,342.2
46.6
70.9

2,824.3
1,332.9
47.0
72.9

2,858.1
1,348.8
46.6
71.7

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yannouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,316.0
79.1
1,829.8
133.6
71.6
201.3
164.4
83.2
41.3
286.9
252.4

3,305.3
78.0
1,830.6
132.4
70.9
200.3
167.2
81.7
41.1
286.5
251.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,053.5
289.8
85.7
2,265.3
207.1
591.4
78.0
234.5
240.1
204.6

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

Maine
Bangor
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland

Montana
Billings
Great Falls




1998P

July

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

NurTiber

State and area
1997

June

July

June
1998

1997

Percent of labor force

1998P

1997

July
1998

1997

June
1998P

July

1997

1998

1997

1998P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

914.7
140.5
384.5

941.4
142.9
402.3

922.2
142.0
388.8

949.6
144.7
404.7

29.7
4.0
12.8

20.5
2.3
8.5

26.7
3.7
11.5

23.0
2.4
8.7

3.2
2.9
3.3

2.2
1.6
2.1

2.9
2.6
2.9

2.4
1.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

889.6
669.1
172.4

927.9
702.8
176.1

899.0
675.3
174.2

937.7
709.7
178.9

40.3
30.5
6.6

44.9
33.1
7.2

39.4
30.5
6.1

42.8
32.7
6.3

4.5
4.6
3.8

4.8
4.7
4.1

4.4
4.5
3.5

4.6
4.6
3.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

656.0
102.1
103.1
123.7

662.9
102.3
106.3
123.5

664.5
102.4
107.0
127.9

667.1
101.6
104.9
125.6

21.5
3.1
3.2
3.5

18.4
2.6
2.8
2.9

19.2
2.7
2.9
3.8

14.4
2.0
2.1
2.7

3.3
3.0
3.1
2.8

2.8
2.5
2.6
2.3

2.9
2.6
2.7
3.0

2.2
2.0
2.0
2.2

4,264.3
184.5
689.6
288.4
644.0
543.1
1,036.0
172.1
66.5

4,252.7
185.9
684.0
287.4
651.6
539.0
1,031.2
169.5
68.2

4,274.7
191.5
685.0
288.9
645.0
547.4
1,039.7
170.8
65.8

4,257.5
192.0
677.5
287.2
654.2
541.7
1,028.5
168.0
67.3

224.1
13.4
37.7
24.4
23.9
25.2
56.1
7.8
5.7

208.4
14.6
32.1
23.6
22.3
23.2
49.4
7.5
6.4

235.5
13.3
39.1
24.4
26.8
27.0
58.5
8.6
5.5

225.3
14.5
34.9
23.9
25.7
25.9
54.1
8.3
6.6

5.3
7.2
5.5
8.5
3.7
4.6
5.4
4.5
8.6

4.9
7.9
4.7
8.2
3.4
4.3
4.8
4.4
9.3

5.5
7.0
5.7
8.4
4.2
4.9
5.6
5.1
8.4

5.3
7.6
5.2
8.3
3.9
4.8
5.3
4.9
9.8

829.3
361.3
66.6
74.8

857.1
373.7
70.1
78.2

830.5
363.6
66.1
76.3

855.2
373.2
68.7
78.9

58.2
18.1
6.1
3.1

65.9
22.0
7.3
3.2

53.2
17.0
5.5
2.9

57.8
19.8
6.0
2.8

7.0
5.0
9.2
4.2

7.7
5.9
10.4
4.1

6.4
4.7
8.3
3.7

6.8
5.3
8.8
3.5

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Jamestown
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,909.3
458.2
126.1
588.7
120.5
45.3
65.7
69.1
1,415.7
4,036.9
3,385.4
177.7
587.6
372.2
145.7

8,865.5
456.0
126.8
589.0
121.2
45.1
65.2
66.8
1,432.3
4,002.2
3,339.2
176.5
578.6
367.6
144.9

9,032.0
460.7
126.7
599.3
121.3
45.4
67.6
70.0
1,435.1
4,095.8
3,431.3
181.3
592.9
375.9
148.6

8,958.2
455.7
126.4
593.0
121.2
44.8
66.7
67.4
1,432.1
4,072.6
3,405.1
177.8
579.4
368.5
147.6

562.8
17.3
4.9
29.8
4.7
2.0
3.4
3.8
55.1
348.8
324.2
7.8
22.4
16.1
7.2

470.9
16.0
4.7
31.1
4.0
2.0
2.9
3.5
47.5
270.5
247.2
6.8
22.7
14.5
6.5

597.1
18.7
5.0
33.8
4.9
2.3
3.3
3.8
63.9
364.6
337.0
8.5
24.6
16.7
7.2

501.9
14.5
4.3
42.2
3.7
1.7
2.4
3.2
47.1
297.3
275.2
6.2
25.8
13.5
5.5

6.3
3.8
3.9
5.1
3.9
4.5
5.1
5.5
3.9
8.6
9.6
4.4
3.8
4.3
4.9

5.3
3.5
3.7
5.3
3.3
4.4
4.5
5.3
3.3
6.8
7.4
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.5

6.6
4.1
4.0
5.6
4.0
5.0
4.9
5.4
4.5
8.9
9.8
4.7
4.1
4.4
4.9

5.6
3.2
3.4
7.1
3.0
3.9
3.6
4.8
3.3
7.3
8.1
3.5
4.5
3.7
3.7

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Fayetteville
Goldsboro
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Greenville
Hickory-Morganton-Lenoir
Jacksonville
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill
Rocky Mount
Wilmington

3,907.1
113.6
762.3
117.7
49.2
650.1
65.5
177.9
45.0
614.5
73.9
112.2

3,836.2
111.8
745.5
115.5
49.3
632.2
62.7
171.4
45.9
617.7
68.1
109.3

3,937.4
113.7
769.9
117.8
49.8
653.0
65.6
181.6
45.7
621.9
75.1
113.0

3,871.6
112.5
754.2
114.9
49.0
634.2
64.0
173.2
46.7
626.2
68.9
109.7

156.2
3.5
27.2
5.6
2.1
20.2
4.0
7.5
1.5
13.7
6.1
5.1

131.3
2.9
20.9
5.0
2.1
16.7
3.3
4.5
1.5
11.1
5.1
4.2

154.0
2.9
26.1
5.3
3.0
20.1
3.5
10.0
1.4
12.4
5.8
5.0

135.0
3.0
21.7
4.8
2.2
17.1
3.5
4.3
1.5
11.6
5.0
4.3

4.0
3.1
3.6
4.7
4.3
3.1
6.1
4.2
3.3
2.2
8.2
4.5

3.4
2.6
2.8
4.4
4.2
2.6
5.2
2.6
3.3
1.8
7.5
3.8

3.9
2.6
3.4
4.5
5.9
3.1
5.3
5.5
3.2
2.0
7.7
4.5

3.5
2.6
2.9
4.2
4.5
2.7
5.4
2.5
3.3
1.9
7.3
3.9

361.5
56.4
103.0
54.6

360.4
56.0
104.7
54.9

359.2
55.5
103.5
54.3

358.8
55.7
104.9
55.0

11.0
1.5
2.1
3.1

9.3
1.3
1.6
1.6

8.2
1.1
1.8
2.2

7.4
1.0
1.2
1.3

3.0
2.6
2.1
5.7

2.6
2.3
1.6
3.0

2.3
2.0
1.7
4.0

2.1
1.7
1.1
2.3

5,758.4
361.7
203.6
847.2
1,123.8
813.1
478.6
172.5
76.5
84.8
59.3
316.8
289.6

5,878.2
368.6
209.6
875.5
1,153.9
841.2
485.5
176.1
76.8
84.7
59.2
319.3
295.4

5,798.7
365.0
206.3
854.4
1,133.7
822.5
480.0
172.0
77.0
85.9
57.9
317.7
290.6

5,911.0
373.1
211.6
876.7
1,162.2
846.8
489.0
175.1
77.5
87.1
58.3
316.3
300.2

254.1
14.9
9.2
32.0
49.9
23.2
19.4
6.0
3.9
4.7
7.3
14.8
16.0

262.1
14.7
9.0
33.1
50.0
24.6
22.2
6.3
3.4
5.1
4.0
17.4
17.2

253.2
14.3
8.6
29.1
48.6
21.2
19.1
5.5
4.0
4.8
6.2
19.8
16.4

271.4
13.2
7.5
25.9
50.0
20.1
28.9
5.6
3.5
7.4
3.1
19.8
30.5

4.4
4.1
4.5
3.8
4.4
2.9
4.1
3.5
5.1
5.5
12.3
4.7
5.5

4.5
4.0
4.3
3.8
4.3
2.9
4.6
3.6
4.4
6.0
6.8
5.4
5.8

4.4
3.9
4.2
3.4
4.3
2.6
4.0
3.2
5.2
5.6
10.7
6.2
5.6

4.6
3.5
3.5
3.0
4.3
2.4
5.9
3.2
4.5
8.5
5.4
6.3
10.1

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
LasCruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren




2.1

C-3. Labor force status by State and metropolitan area—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number

Percent of labor force

State and area
June

July

June

July
1997

1998

1997

1998

1997

1998P

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

1,608.8
28.5
41.3
529.5
402.9

1,627.1
29.1
40.6
532.1
408.9

1,620.8
28.9
41.0
532.3
411.1

1,644.9
29.3
40.5
547.5
419.0

70.1

66.3

1.1

1.1

2.3
18.5
14.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield ..
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver.
Salem

1.739.6
157.4
86.2
1,024.4
171.0

1,782.8
160.0
87.0
1,053.9
172.5

1,748.0
155.4
85.8
1,038.5
168.0

1,791.0
158.8
87.5
1,064.3
170.2

100.6
8.7
6.9
44.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton .
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle ..
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading .
Scranton—Wilkes-Barre—Hazleton ,
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

6,048.7
314.1
63.9
141.2
354.0
109.0
244.2
2,520.6
1,175.6
187.3
317.1
57.8
63.3
58.2
196.2

6,028.3
310.8
64.3
140.1
358.1
107.2
250.2
2,506.8
1,160.6
187.4
314.8
57.3
65.2
57.9
196.1

6,093.1
316.2
64.6
142.8
357.0
108.9
248.3
2,536.7
1,179.9
187.8
321.3
57.6
65.8
58.9
197.6

6,084.8
312.2
65.1
142.3
360.6
107.5
251.9
2,538.5
1,170.7
186.7
318.3
58.2
66.4
58.6
196.5

507.5
578.6

500.6
569.2

508.7
578.0

1,961.0
261.6
274.1
64.9
493.2
105.6
48.0

1,967.4
267.3
280.0
63.7
500.3
105.3
47.8

401.9
47.7
98.1

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Wanwick
South Carolina .
Charleston-North Charleston .
Columbia
Florence..
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson .
Myrtle Beach
Sumter
South Dakota
Rapid City ...
Sioux Falls ..
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Clarksville-Hopkinsville .
Jackson
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
Texas
Abilene..
Amarillo.
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur.
Brazoria .
Brownsville-Harlingen-San
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison




1997

June
1998P

July

1997

1998

1997

1998P

1.8
17.9
13.3

65.7
1.0
2.1
17.2
13.9

70.0
0.9
1.7
24.8
11.9

4.4
3.7
5.5
3.5
3.7

4.1
3.7
4.5
3.4
3.2

4.1
3.3
5.2
3.2
3.4

4.3
3.2
4.1
4.5
2.8

96.7
8.3
6.1
44.5
9.3

95.7
8.3
6.6
43.5
9.3

91.0
8.0
5.7
44.0
8.4

5.8
5.5
8.0
4.3
5.9

5.4
5.2
7.0
4.2
5.4

5.5
5.4
7.7
4.2
5.5

5.1
5.0
6.5
4.1
4.9

322.0
16.2
3.5
8.5
12.3
8.4
7.7
125.1
60.9
8.6
23.1
3.4
1.8
3.8
8.9

263.9
13.5
3.1
6.9
6.7
7.4
108.4
49.9
7.9
17.8
2.4
1.6
3.1
7.5

332.0
17.0
3.6
8.4
12.8
8.3
7.8
133.7
60.7
9.0
24.8
3.4
2.2
3.6
8.7

285.1
15.1
3.2
7.4
10.6
6.8
7.3
118.6
52.5
9.2
19.2
2.7
1.8
3.0
7.4

5.3
5.2
5.5
6.0
3.5
7.7
3.2
5.0
5.2
4.6
7.3
5.9
2.9
6.5
4.5

4.4
4.3
4.9
4.9
2.9
6.3
2.9
4.3
4.3
4.2
5.7
4.2
2.5
5.3
3.8

5.4
5.4
5.6
5.9
3.6
7.7
3.2
5.3
5.1
4.8
7.7
5.9
3.3
6.1
4.4

4.7
4.8
5.0
5.2
3.0
6.3
2.9
4.7
4.5
4.9
6.0
4.7
2.6
5.1
3.8

502.6
568.0

26.3
31.7

18.8
23.0

25.8
32.2

20.6
24.2

5.2
5.5

3.8
4.0

5.1
5.6

4.1
4.3

1,970.2
263.1
277.3
64.3
498.0
105.6
46.9

1,983.9
271.3
283.4
63.1
504.9
106.5
46.9

96.4
12.9
8.1
4.1
17.1
3.3
2.9

69.0
7.8
5.8
2.9
12.9
2.5
2.1

98.1
11.4
7.7
4.1
18.1
3.1
3.0

87.0
10.1
6.7
3.3
16.5
2.8
2.5

4.9
4.9
2.9
6.4
3.5
3.2
6.0

3.5
2.9
2.1
4.6
2.6
2.4
4.5

5.0
4.3
2.8
6.4
3.6
3.0
6.4

4.4
3.7
2.4
5.2
3.3
2.7
5.3

411.7
47.9
103.5

404.2
48.4
98.5

413.9
48.7
103.8

12.7
1.4
1.9

11.3
1.1
1.6

10.9
1.2
1.6

10.4
0.9
1.3

3.2
2.8
1.9

2.7
2.2
1.5

2.7
2.4
1.6

2.5
1.9
1.3

2,723.1
224.4
81.4
54.7
228.0
340.4
529.3
619.4

2,800.1
227.5
84.5
57.1
234.9
348.9
546.9
648.9

2,736.7
224.5
83.2
55.2
232.4
341.3
532.7
622.3

2,808.1
228.2
85.4
57.9
235.6
351.2
550.2
652.1

169.4
14.1
4.1
3.1
13.7
16.3
28.9
26.0

125.7
10.1
3.5
2.4
11.1
11.5
23.1
20.4

168.8
11.9
4.9
2.7
14.3
14.8
25.3
24.0

121.9
8.6
3.4
2.1
10.6
12.1
20.8
18.0

6.2
6.3
5.1
5.6
6.0
4.8
5.5
4.2

4.5
4.5
4.1
4.2
4.7
3.3
4.2
3.1

6.2
5.3
5.9
4.9
6.1
4.3
4.8
3.8

4.3
3.8
3.9
3.6
4.5
3.4
3.8
2.8

10,007.2
60.2
111.4
652.7
184.1
106.7
129.7
67.6
180.9
1,834.5
294.7
859.3
128.3
2,079.4
115.9
71.9
106.0
123.7
192.7
125.1
52.4
754.6
50.7

10,269.6
61.5
113.7
674.7
186.2
107.3
133.3
68.8
182.5
1,896.6
299.2
883.5
129.0
2,144.1
118.4
72.9
106.7
127.1
199.5
128.7
51.4
776.1
50.6

10,035.6
60.2
111.6
655.2
183.2
106.3
130.5
69.7
180.3
1,849.4
296.3
861.9
128.1
2,086.3
115.7
71.2
105.8
124.0
190.1
125.1
52.4
755.6
50.7

10,310.7
61.8
114.6
679.8
185.4
106.9
131.9
70.3
182.5
1,911.6
302.5
889.3
128.2
2,161.6
117.5
71.4
106.7
126.6
193.8
129.9
52.8
780.5
51.1

625.6
2.9
5.2
23.1
17.0
9.6
18.7
1.8
17.1
79.9
36.0
36.7
12.3
125.6
7.0
8.7
9.1
6.9
36.2
7.9
2.2
38.1
2.8

581.0
2.6
5.0
21.2
15.6
8.1
19.1
1.6
15.0
74.1
33.2
34.5
10.2
106.3
6.1
7.8
8.4
6.2
36.4
7.9
2.1
35.6
2.6

582.6
2.7
4.6
21.4
15.3
8.6
18.7
1.7
15.3
74.7
35.0
34.1
11.4
113.3
6.4
7.9
8.5
6.3
35.0
6.9
3.1
34.8
2.6

541.5
2.4
4.8
19.4
14.3
7.4
18.0
1.4
13.6
67.7
33.3
36.4
9.1
97.4
5.3
7.0
8.0
5.6
32.6
7.5
2.8
32.4
3.2

6.3
4.9
4.7
3.5
9.3
9.0
14.4
2.7
9.4
4.4
12.2
4.3
9.6
6.0
6.0
12.1
8.6
5.6
18.8
6.3
4.1
5.0
5.5

5.7
4.3
4.4
3.1
8.4
7.5
14.3
2.3
8.2
3.9
11.1
3.9
7.9
5.0
5.2
10.7
7.9
4.9
18.2
6.2
4.0
4.6
5.2

5.8
4.4
4.2
3.3
8.4
8.1
14.3
2.5
8.5
4.0
11.8
4.0
8.9
5.4
5.6
11.1
8.0
5.1
18.4
5.6
5.9
4.6
5.2

5.3
3.9
4.2
2.9
7.7
6.9
13.7
2.1
7.5
3.5
11.0
4.1
7.1
4.5
4.5
9.8
7.5
4.4
16.8
5.8
5.4
4.1
6.2

10.1

10.6

(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of labor force

Number
State and area
June
1997

Texas—Continued
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

1998

1997

1998P

1997

June

July

June

July

1998

1997

1998P

July

1997

1998

1997

1998P

58.0
89.9
43.7
101.1
66.6

58.9
91.8
45.0
103.3
67.4

57.8
90.9
44.0
101.5
66.2

58.8
92.1
45.0
102.9
67.2

4.9
5.8
2.7
5.6
3.4

4.8
5.4
2.6
5.7
3.8

4.3
5.8
2.4
5.6
3.6

4.4
5.1
2.3
5.0
3.5

8.4
6.4
6.2
5.6
5.1

8.2
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.6

7.5
6.4
5.5
5.5
5.4

7.4
5.6
5.1
4.9
5.3

1,046.5
151.3
674.2

1,094.8
157.9
705.1

1,051.4
151.6
680.7

1,096.5
156.8
714.2

37.5
4.7
23.0

39.8
4.9
24.4

31.5
3.9
19.5

37.7
4.4
23.6

3.6
3.1
3.4

3.6
3.1
3.5

3.0
2.5
2.9

3.4
2.8
3.3

327.2
97.3

333.0
100.4

326.8
97.3

334.3
100.2

11.7
2.4

10.5
2.2

11.4
2.4

10.6
2.3

3.6
2.4

3.1
2.2

3.5
2.5

3.2
2.3

VlrginJa
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,435.8
72.1
57.2
100.2
734.6
498.5
126.9

3,613.3
77.5
59.7
103.8
760.4
526.5
130.6

3,463.6
72.5
56.9
101.0
736.2
500.8
126.3

3,627.9
76.6
58.4
104.4
760.5
527.8
131.5

159.8
1.9
4.8
4.7
44.2
20.7
5.0

128.2
1.4
4.4
3.3
33.2
17.2
3.6

144.4
1.5
4.9
3.7
38.3
17.4
4.3

112.8
1.1
4.0
3.4
28.1
14.9
3.3

4.7
2.7
8.4
4.6
6.0
4.2
3.9

3.5
1.8
7.4
3.2
4.4
3.3
2.8

4.2
2.0
8.6
3.7
5.2
3.5
3.4

3.1
1.4
6.8
3.2
3.7
2.8
2.5

Washington
Bellingham
Bremerton
Olympia
Richland-Kennewick-Pasco
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma
Yakima

3,017.3
79.2
93.2
97.5
102.5
1,343.6
206.2
328.2
126.9

3,049.6
79.4
90.0
99.7
101.2
1,375.3
206.0
329.6
124.2

3,065.1
82.3
94.4
98.4
97.5
1,368.8
207.2
332.4
124.9

3,084.1
82.4
91.3
100.1
97.0
1,396.9
204.5
332.2
123.2

134.4
4.5
5.0
4.8
6.4
43.8
8.6
14.6
10.2

133.6
4.2
4.6
4.6
6.7
40.4
8.6
14.6
10.4

135.0
4.4
4.9
5.0
6.2
44.4
8.5
14.7
9.9

136.9
4.4
4.6
4.9
6.5
42.0
8.8
14.8
10.6

4.5
5.6
5.4
4.9
6.3
3.3
4.2
4.4
8.0

4.4
5.3
5.1
4.6
6.6
2.9
4.2
4.4
8.4

4.4
5.3
5.2
5.0
6.4
3.2
4.1
4.4
7.9

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.9
6.7
3.0
4.3
4.5
8.6

816.2
132.6
140.4
78.7
75.4

818.9
135.4
140.0
79.0
75.5

818.9
134.2
139.3
78.7
76.2

822.4
136.9
137.5
78.1
77.0

53.3
6.2
10.3
4.1
5.4

53.7
6.2
9.3
4.8
4.1

53.9
6.1
3.8
4.5

54.0
6.0
7.5
4.4
3.5

6.5
4.6
7.3
5.2
7.2

6.6
4.6
6.6
6.1
5.5

6.6
4.5
6.5
4.9
5.9

6.6
4.4
5.5
5.6
4.6

2,991.0
226.2
83.3
134.3
82.9
78.9
70.6
260.8
821.6
95.9
62.7
74.0

3,023.6
231.5
83.6
133.7
81.3
80.3
71.5
265.2
833.1
98.4
62.1
74.6

2,995.2
226.8
83.4
133.7
83.1
78.9
70.7
262.4
821.9
97.4
62.8
74.5

3,039.6
232.4
83.9
134.1
88.3
80.1
71.3
267.2
834.5
98.8
62.4
75.1

118.7
7.4
3.2
5.0
4.8
3.4
2.1
4.9
34.1
4.5
2.0
2.7

96.3
6.3
2.5
3.8
3.1
2.8
2.0
4.0
27.5
3.7
1.4
2.5

110.3
6.6
2.7
4.3
4.3
4.8
2.0
4.4
33.1
5.4
1.8
2.4

101.5
5.3
2.2
3.4
10.9
4.1
1.7
4.0
28.6
4.6
1.9
2.2

4.0
3.3
3.8
3.7
5.8
4.4
3.0
1.9
4.2
4.7
3.2
3.6

3.2
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.9
3.5
2.8
1.5
3.3
3.7
2.3
3.3

3.7
2.9
3.2
3.2
5.2
6.1
2.9
1.7
4.0
5.5
2.9
3.2

3.3
2.3
2.6
2.5
12.3
5.2
2.4
1.5
3.4
4.7
3.0
2.9

253.4
31.9
38.0

263.0
33.4
39.8

254.8
32.3
38.8

263.8
33.7
40.7

11.8
1.9
1.3

11.1
1.6
1.2

11.5
1.9
1.3

10.6
1.6
1.2

4.7
5.8
3.4

4.2
4.7
3.1

4.5
5.8
3.4

4.0
4.7
3.0

1,324.8
51.1
54.3
117.6
95.1
115.7
712.2

1,341.0
51.5
52.8
136.4
94.5
114.9
721.4

1,322.5
52.7
54.3
114.8
96.4
113.0
713.8

1,316.9
51.2
51.7
115.9
92.8
113.5
724.2

194.0
10.3
9.5
16.2
15.5
21.9
83.9

183.5
9.9
8.9
15.4
14.8
19.5
81.7

192.2
11.5
9.0
15.6
18.8
20.9
80.9

178.3
9.7
8.8
15.1
14.0
19.4
78.2

14.6
20.1
17.5
13.8
16.3
19.0
11.8

13.7
19.2
16.8
11.3
15.6
17.0
11.3

14.5
21.8
16.6
13.6
19.5
18.5
11.3

13.5
18.9
17.0
13.0
15.1
17.1
10.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Cheyenne
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla
Arecibo
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be revised




9.1

when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing about
48 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of




information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.

Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay-

roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-




ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS). This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference
week." Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week, referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions
(e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and
who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers
in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity
or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training,
oi other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.




Each employed person is counted only once, even if he
or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs,
who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the
labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New
entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a proportion
of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the four rates
thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
(For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers" and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined into a
single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed
for the separate categories.)

Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) ''help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4-week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in
the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.
The unemployed are classified according to their last job.
The occupational and industrial classificafion of CPS data
is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.




The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and
salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class
of worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond
that their businesses are incorporated are included among
wage and salary workers, because technically, they are
paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers
are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week
or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member
of the household to whom they are related by birth or
marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held
a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. Excluded are self-em
ployed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday.
For persons working in more than one job, the published
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each
job and for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to
individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to
34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand.
Those who usually work part time must also indicate that
they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.

Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this contexU full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work
less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the
number of hours worked in the reference week. This may
include some individuals who actually worked more than
34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are
temporarily absent from work. Tht full-time labor force includes all employed persons who usually work full time and
unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time
work or are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of employed persons who usually work
part time and unemployed persons who are seeking or are
on layoff from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for fulland part-time workers are calculated using the concepts of
the/w//-and part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data
for "other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic
origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than




half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding all
employed persons regardless of whether or not
business's were incorporated) who usually work full
on their sole or primary job.

Data
selftheir
time

Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price In
dex for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living
apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on
duty with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is
one in which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with

the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.
• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The
new system provided some year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thereby improving measurement over time.
• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.
• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slighdy
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they
were waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30
days of interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the
unemployed classification. The only exception was the small
subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to
start new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.
• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a
result of the recommendations of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics
(the Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were
as follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the quesfionnaire was ambiguous as to the dme period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job search
methods.
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the ''not in the labor force"
category.
c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.




d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.
f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.
• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addifion, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the Nafional Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:
a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS quesfionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant
information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the
definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none
for which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must also have looked for a
job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct quesdon on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other quesfions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definifion of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the idendfication of persons employed part
dme for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was dghtened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually
work part time: They must want and be available for fulldme work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Per-

sons who usually work full time but worked part time for an
economic reason during the reference week are assumed to
meet these criteria.)
d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff.
To be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.
For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions,
and methods made over the years, other changes have also
affected the comparability of the labor force data.
• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment.




which affected the white and black-and-other groups but
had little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000.
Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional
population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but
had little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years
and over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February
1974 issue of this publication.
• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the
refugees increased the black-and-other population by less
than 1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes
being confined to the "other" component of the population.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the difference^)
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind

the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.
• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor




force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for
1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
• Beginning in January 1997, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants to, and emigrants from, the United
States. As a result, the civilian noninstitutional population
16 years and over was raised by about 470,000. The labor
force and employment levels were increased by about
320,000, and 290,000, respectively. The Hispanic-origin
population and labor force estimates were raised by about
450,000 and 250,000 respectively, and Hispanic employment by 325,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment rates
and other percentages of labor market participation were
not affected. An explanation of the changes and their effect
on national labor force estimates appear in "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey Effective January 1997" in
the February 1997 issue of this publication.
Effective with data for January 1998, new composite estimation procedures and minor revisions in the population
controls were introduced into the household survey. The
new composite estimation procedures simplify processing
of the monthly labor force data at BLS, allow users of the

survey microdata to replicate more easily the official estimates released by BLS, and increase the reliability of the
employment and labor force estimates. The new procedures
also produce somewhat lower estimates of the civilian labor
force and employment and slightly higher estimates of
unemployment. For example, based on 1997 annual average data, using old and new composite weights, the differences were as follows: Civilian labor force (-229,000),
total employed (-256,000), and total unemployed (+27,000).
Unemployment rates were not significantly affected.
The population controls used in the survey were revised
to reflect new estimates of legal immigration to the U.S.
and a change in the method for projecting the emigration of
foreign-born legal residents. As a result, the Hispanic-origin population was raised by about 57,000; however, the
total civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over
was essentially unchanged. More detailed information on
these changes and their effect on the estimates of labor force
change and composition appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1998," in the February 1998 issue of this publication.

Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the
new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical




comparability than did the new occupational system. The
most notable changes fron. the 1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale"
trade, postal service from "public administration" to "transportation," and some interchange between "professional and
related services" and "public administration." Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial
classification systems appears in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based
on the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry tides
were changed as well, with no change in content.

Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by lOo
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample

were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792
selected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate,
expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a
6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas and
maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of
unemployment level. This translates into a change of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a
90-percent confidence level. For each of the fifty States and
for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at
most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to
the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large
States are substantially more reliable than the State design
criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates
for California, Florida, New York, and Texas, for example,
carry a CV of less than 4 percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous coun-




ties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes
urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassea
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and
depends on State population size as well as both national
and State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in
every 3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is
modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively
constant given the overall growth of the population. The
sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the
probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio
for the State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in 10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a withinPSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of
1 in 3,000 for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.

For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected
independently from each stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included

in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,
the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.
Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month,
and so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is
common from month to month and 50 percent from year to
year for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the sample, thus providing better estimates of change
and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without
burdening any specific group of households with an unduly
long period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a
description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in
use since 1947. A more detailed account of the history of
the CPS sample design appears in The Current Population
Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40,
Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in
Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the 1990 census-based sample design appears in
"Redesign of the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May 1994 issue of this publication.

Table 1 -A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995^^
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Number of sample
areas
68
230
1330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

1 Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2 Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.




Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

3 The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4 Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by ''central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's




that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.

The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.

Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.

Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates




varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in 'The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate v/ould include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two

standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.
1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.
2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.
3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.
More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.




Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Monthly
level

Consecutivemonth change

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

78
71
43

69
72
50

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

98
97
44

73
74
51

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Category
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

Table 1-C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Biack workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

Monthly Consecutivemonth change
level

.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

.24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial ..
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry and fishing
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, "Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.
Use of tables 1-D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.
Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment. Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
2 7 4 , 0 0 0 , and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.

246,000 +

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in
levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.




120,000,000-116,150,000
1,120,000,000-100,000,000 J

(274,000 - 246,000) = 251,000

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.
Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.

Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1.000
2,000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
30,000
40.000
50,000
60.000
70.000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18
41
62
96
157
216
273
330

Black

13
18
39
55
76

Total or
white

Black

12
17
38
54
76
107
131
150
167
201
228

13
18
39
54
74
96
106
108
101

Hispanic
origin

13
19
42
59
82
113

Total

White

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
151
168
202
229
271
302
324
340
350
354
349
322
267

12
17
39
54
77
108
131
150
167
201
227
267
296
315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Black

13
18
39
55
76
103
120
131
137
137
113

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

14
20
44
61
83
111
126
134
135
110

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000
2.000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

Black

14
20
46
64
89
124
148
166
180
204
215

15
21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

Hispanic
origin

16
22
50
69
95
127

Total

White

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

10
14
32
45
63
88
108
123
137
165
187
221
245
262
274
281
283
274
246
188

Black

10
15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37
51
70
93
105
110
110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s^, of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.

Sx = V ax^-f bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.
a = -0.000017962

Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater than 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, Sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.

y p(lOO-p)

Illustration.
For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

Sy,p

-

2529.99
(32)(100-32) = 1.0 percent
5,600,000

b = 2957.13

Sx = V ( - 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 7 9 6 2 , ) ( 6 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) ^ + ( 2 9 5 7 . 1 3 ) ( 6 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 )

=131,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white. Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
a = -0.000093662

-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.

Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white. Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.

b = 4191.84
2690.59
Sy,p

Sx =

^J-{0.0000

93662 )(6,100,000)^ + (4191.84)(6,100,000) =

149,000

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from




-

5,650,000

(33)(100-33) = 1.0 percent

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.

Table 1-F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels
Characteristic

a

b

Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
TotaP
Meni
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

Whitei
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ....

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19 years

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.
Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in averages from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin

or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for Sx to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed women;
thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would
have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.
Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly




b = 3139.26

Sx = 7 ( - 0 . 0 0 0 1 2 5 3 0 0 ) ( 1 1 , 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) ^ + ( 3 1 3 9 . 2 6 ) ( l 1 , 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) = 1 4 0 , 0 0 0

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.
Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.

Table 1-G. Parameters for c o m p u t a t i o n of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month c h a n g e in levels
Characteristic

a

b

Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics^
Low correlation characteristics^

-0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000156363
-.002311407

1860.78
5420.13

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.001288452

3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
W o m e n or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or w o m e n
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or w o m e n
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, w o m e n
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years a n d low correlation characteristics

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, w o m e n , a n d both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, w o m e n
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force a n d not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over; 20 years a n d over; and both sexes,
1 6 t o 19 years
W o m e n , 16 years and over and 20 years a n d over
Agricultural e m p l o y m e n t :

Self-employed
Unemployment:^

^ High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




2 High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s^ to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
Sx = 7 ( - 0 . 0 0 0 1 2 5 3 0 0 ) ( 1 1 , 4 0 0 , O O O f + ( 3 1 3 9 . 2 6 ) ( 1 1 , 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) =

140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table

1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment. Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
,70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
.90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics are available on the Internet
at: http:\\stats.bls.gov
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted
interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the
respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to
the respondent for use again the following month.
The technical characteristics of the shutde schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle
design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the
relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correcdy reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information
provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.
It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geo-




CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States
and areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and
Budget.

Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they per
formed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff,
on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or
who were hired but have not yet reported during the
period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span.

Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-(100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.
Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs
(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed




by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants,
line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and
other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees
listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig-

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.

ESTIMATING METHODS
The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,698 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage informadon to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark
accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputadon of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the esdmates generated by the monthly




sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment esdmates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series, usually for the previous 5 years, are reseasonally adjusted, prior
to full publicadon of all revised data in June of each year.

Monthly estimation
Esdmates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nadonwide. A current
month's esdmate is derived as the product of the previous
month's esdmate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.
Stratification. The sample is stradfied into 1,698 basic esdmadon cells for purposes of compudng nadonal employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mosdy within the
construcdon division, geographic stradficadon is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most esdmadon cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stradficadon pattern allows for the producdon and publicadon of esdmates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stradficadon by size is important because major stadsdcs which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significandy between establishments of different size. Stradfication reduces the variance of the published industry level
esdmates.
Link relative technique. A rado of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments repordng for both months—this rado is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link reladve
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's esdmate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through applicadon of monthly link reladves.
Basic cell esdmates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard esdmation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and eamings

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)
Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months J

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.^

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

A v e r a g e , w e i g h t e d by p r o d u c t i o n or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.^

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.

Average hourly earnings.

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data

All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours ,

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average hourly earnings.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

^ The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias a d j u s t m e n t s f a c t o r s , w h i c h c o m p e n s a t e for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-baseo
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1987-97
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1997 is listed as 130,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1996 through March 1997. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.

THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years age, predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling propor
tionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari-

Reliability

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

The establishment survey, like other sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.3 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1987-97
Benchmark

Average monthly bias

Employment^

Revision^

Added^

Required^

Over-the-year
employment
change®

1987
1988
1989

83,173
86,180
89,015

21
-310
-93

98
114
131

99
88
123

1,969
3,007
2,835

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175
98,158
101,040

-261
-583
-130
288
688
511
72
518

85
61
33
83
115
144
129
130

63
12
22
107
171
187
135
173

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445
1,983
2,882

Year

i

Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2 Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3 The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4 The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
^ March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic
estimating cells do not have universe data sources available and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions,
although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment
estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also
subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of
the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings
were computed using the method of random groups and
are expressed as relative standard errors (standard error
divided by the estimate). Relative standard errors for
individual industries with the specified number of employees are presented in table 2-E and for major industries
in table 2-F. Multiplying the relative standard error by its
estimated value gives the estimate of the standard error.
The errors presented here are based on averages observed
from sample data over the March 1994 through March 1995
period.
Standard errors for differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S,^ and S 2

of selecting a sample from the population were repeated
many times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for each sample, then approximately 68 percent of
the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to
one standard error above the estimate would include the
true population value.
Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial
Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1997
Sample coverage^

Industry

Benchmarks
(thousands)

Employees
Number of
establishments

Number
(thousands)

Percent
of
benchmarks

S difference
Total

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The
covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.

S change

=

Vsf

+

s^

-

2pSjS2

If Si = S2, then:
S change

=

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of
values that include the true population value. If the process




Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade ..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

120,903

316,992

44,036

36

580
5,260
18,519

3,057
25,915
56,104

225
1,010
8,654

39
19
47

6,331
6,567
21,467

216,398
25,215
60,605

2,263
1,148
5,086

36
17
24

6,988
35,328

21,824
75,482

2,005
8,333

29
24

2,700
4,692
12,471

35,145
6,880
20,367

2,700
3,848
8,764

100
82
70

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment
estimates.
2 The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
^Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of reports covering about 51 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Table 2-D. Current (March 1997) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)

Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision^

March 1997
benchmark revision

Actual

Absolute

Level

Percent

431

0.4

0.1

0.3

518

.5

.1

.4

196

.8

.1

.8

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

18
-1
4
14
0

3.1
-1.9
4.2
4.3
0

-.6
-1.7
-1.0
-.4
-.4

1.7
3.3
2.6
2.4
1.6

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

56
10
24
22

1.1
.8
3.4
.7

-.4
-.6
.6
-.6

1.3
2.3
2.1
1.2

122

.7

.2

.7

73

.7

.3

.8

-4
2
10
0
-1
3
9
-4
30
22
14
14
-5
6
3

-.5
.4
1.9
0
-.4
.2
.4
-1.1
1.8
3.5
.8
1.4
-1.0
.7
.8

.2
.3
.5
-.1
.6
.2
-.6
-.2
.1
.9
1.3
.8
.3
.3

1.7
1.1
.9
.8
1.2
.7
1.2
2.0
.9
1.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.4

49

.6

.2

.7

-2
0
8
12
9
9
6
0
6
0

-.1
0
1.3
1.4
1.3
.6
.6
0
.6
0

.2
.4
.1
.3
.5
-.2

-.5
.5
-.1

.9
4.0
.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
1.7
1.5
2.1

235

.2

.1

.3

-22
-61
-1
-7
-13
3
-46
0
2
39
42
-3

-.3
-1.5
-.4
-1.5
-.8
1.7
-4.1
0
.5
1.7
3.0
-.3

-.3
-.6
-1.1
-.5
-1.7
.4
2.0
.6
-1.3
.1
.2
-.1

1
1.4
1.1
2.1
2.9
3.5
5.3
5.2
3.0
1.2
1.9
.7

-4
5
-9

-.1
1
-.3

-.5
-.5
-.5

1.2
1.5
1.0

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blastfurnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods




e)

Table 2-D. Current (March 1997) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1997
benchmark revision

10-year average
mean percent revision^

Industry
Level

Percent

Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies ...
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores....
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

-27
6
-76
-65
2
-9
-6
-7
-32
118
-27

-.1
.7
-2.9
-2.8
.1
-.4
-.6
-.7
-3.3
1.6
-1.0

.4
.1
1.8
2.4
-.2
-1.1
-.7
1.1
-.7
.8
.1

.6
1.5
2.9
3.7
.7
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.4
1.2
.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions^
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers .
Security and commodity brokers ,
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service.
Real estate

37
9
-15
-24
8
20
6
4
1
27
23
4
1

.5
.3
-.7
-1.7
3.1
3.6
2.4
.7
.5
1.2
1.5
.6
.1

-.3
-.7
-1.1
-.6
-3.6
1.2
1.1
.1
-3.7
.4
.3
.5
-.4

1.2
1.3
1.4
.9
6.1
2.5
5.0
1.2
5.0
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.5

Services ^
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services^^
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services ^
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens .
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services^
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations^
Services, nec

338
8
-4
-13
218
31
118
130
64
-12
-9
7
33
29
-1
-5
-6
29
-8
31
31
-15
16
3
53
-7
-9
-12
0

1.0
1.4
-.2
-1.0
2.8
3.4
4.2
5.2
4.7
-1.1
-2.4
1.3
2.3
.3
-.1
-.3
-.2
4.1
-.9
1.4
1.2
-2.6
2.3
3.6
2.4
-.2
-1.1
-1.3
0

.2
2.0
.5
.5
.7
1.3
1.7
2.0
n
-1.2
-.8
-1.8
.8
-.7
-.9
-.6
-.8
1.5
-.5
1.2
-.3
-2.8
.1
1.9
2.6
.1
-.8
.9
.3

.6
2.2
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.7
3.8
3.1
3.3
1.5
4.8
4.0
2.8
.8
1.6
.8
.8
2.8
1.2
2.8
1.6
4.8
1.6
2.5
3.3
1.4
1.3
3.3
.7

-87
0
0
-56
-41
-15
-31
1
-33

-.4
0
0
-1.2
-2.0
-.6
-.2
0
-.6

n
0
0
.2
.3
.2

.2
0
0
.6
1.2
.5
.3
.3
.4

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service ,
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government
^ Data relate to the 1988-97 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.




-.1
0

3 Data relate to 1989-97.
^ Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors^ for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

1.9
1.5
1.2
.9
.7
.6

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors^ for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance.
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary

and final data. First pre-

liminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-




based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier. State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the in
side back cover of each issue.
Caution in aggregating State data. The national estima-

tion procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates

Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly leveP

Mean percent revision
Actual

Total

57,900

Total private

49,000

0

13,200

0

Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

Absolute

1,800

0

300

-.1

800
1,800

.1
0
0

.2
.4
.6
.4
.2

300

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

8,000

.1

.1

4,000
3,500
4,800

.1
0
.1

.3
.4

Manufacturing

9,000

.1

.1

0
0
0
0
0
0

.2
.2
.2
.4

.2

.3

0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1

.1

-.1
.5

.1

0
.1
0

.1

.1
-.1

.1

0
0

.4

0

.4

-.1
-.1
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.3
-.1
-.3
-.1

.1

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods




.1

6,400
1,300
1,200

1,100
1,700
1,400
2,000
2,500
1,500
2,400
1,400
4,200
3,700

1,600
1,600
1,100

.1
.1

.2

.2
.3
.2
.1

.2

4,700

2,800
500

1,100
2,500

1,200
1,600
1,700
900
1,500

600

.9
.2

.1
.1
.1

53,500

10,000
9,000

2,200
3,700
5,800
1,500
4,700

200
1,200
4,300
3,800
1,700
7,300
4,200
4,800

.1

.2
.7
.6
.2
.8
.4
.7
.2
.1
.2

0

.1

0

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued

Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly leveP

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other Investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

33,100
2,500
18,700
17,300
6,100
2,900

1,200
5,900
3,500
11,700
8,600
5,900
3,400
2,400

1,800
1,200
1,400

1,000
1,000
1,600
2,800
2,600

1,100
2,600
29,600
2,800
6,200
7,900
12,600
2,600
11,100
10,700
2,500
2,100
1,100
5,700
9,000
5,300
2,600
1,700
3,100
2,000
1,400
13,200
8,300
4,600
1,400
700
3,400
4,900
2,300
3,300
400

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,700
9,400
8,500
11,200




Actual

Absolute

.1

.1

0
.1

.2
.5
.5

.1

.1

-.1
-.1
.2

.1
.4

.1

Services ^
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nec

^The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.

Mean percent revision

10,100
5,200
16,200
13,600

11,000

.1

,1
.1

.3

.2

.3

0
0
0
0
-.1
.1
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.3
.2
.5
.1
.1

0

.1
.4

.1
.1
-.1
.1

0
.1
.1
.1

0
0
0
.2

.1

.1
.2

.3

.4

.1
.2
.3
.3
.2
.2
.2
.7
.5

0

0
0
0
0

.1

.1

.3

0

.1

.1
.1

.6
.3
.6
.2
.6

.2

0
.2

0
0
0
.1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0

.1
.1

.1

.1
.2
.3
.7

.1
.2
.3
.2

.4
.2

.1
.1
.1

2 Includes other industries, not shown separately
NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1993
through December 1997.

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient
regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a pro-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and 334 areas shown
in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data classified
by selected demographic, social, and economic characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400
LMAs, counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or
more. Regional aggregations are derived by summing the
State estimates. The estimation methods are described
below for States (and the District of Columbia) and for subState areas. At the sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared using disaggregation techniques based
on decennial and annual population estimates and current
unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description
of the estimation procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment
Statistics.




cedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.




Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMAs other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and other
measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations
due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced
or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal
events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their
influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments
make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal
movements in the series. In evaluating changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin
of possible error than the original data on which they are
based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings.

Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-11 ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-11 method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-11 ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-11 ARIMA to allow it to
adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal adjustment factors are calculated for use during the
January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on
the experience through June. Revisions of historical data,
usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the
beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the
revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population




Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls, and seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990. Subsequent revisions are only carried back to 1994.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups (men
and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately
adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive
seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted
figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components,
and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data
for selected labor force series based on the experience through
December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to
calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6
months of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Establishment data
Beginning in June 1997, with the release of the March
1996 benchmark revisions, BLS began using an updated
version of the X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of the Census to seasonally adjust national establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings series.
The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs.-5 week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal adjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes

and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks between
the February and March surveys.
Effective with the release of the March 1997 benchmarks,
seasonally adjusted series for employment, hours, indexes
of aggregate hours, and earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers from 1989 forward incorporate refinements to the seasonal adjustment process to correct for
distortions related to the method of accounting for the varying length of payroll periods across months—the calendar
effect.
REGARIMA modeling also is used to identify, measure,
and remove the calendar effect for the publication level seasonally adjusted hours and earnings series.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data (usually the most recent 5 years) are made
once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using multiplicative models in
X-12. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant
dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing the
average weekly earnings series by the seasonally adjusted
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual average base. For
total private, total goods-producing, total private serviceproducing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of
aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by summing the aggregate weekly hours for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
series, however, are used in the aggregation to broader level
seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include




Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward,
these adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process. The special adjustment made in November each year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment
series also is incorporated into the X-12 process from 1988
forward.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1998, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1998, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1998 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1998-April 1999 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to
the employment estimates at the division level (component
series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to
the State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and
historical revisions are made coincident with the annual
benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted) data for each individual State. BLS independently
develops a national employment series; State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each State
series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors
than the national series, summing them cumulates individual
State level errors and can cause significant distortions at an
aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS
does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and
cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively
large and volatile error structure.

Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-1 and C-2). Beginning in 1998, regional aggregations are
derived by summing the State estimates. Using the X-11
ARIMA procedure, seasonal adjustment factors are computed
and applied independently to the component employment
and unemployment levels and then aggregated to regional
or State totals. Current seasonal adjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods twice a year. Historical revisions
usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year.
Because of the separate processing procedures, totals for the
Nation, as a whole, differ from the results obtained by aggregating regional or State data.

INDEX TO STATISTICAL TABLES

and labor force data in the May issue. For additional information see the isting on the inside front cover of this publication.
Quarterly averages

Monthly
Topic
Seasonally
adjusted

Absences from work
Aggregate weekly hours (Index)
Agricultural industries

Not
seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally
adjusted

44-45
B-9
A-1-3, 7, 11

A-15, 21-22,
30, 35

D-1,5, 9

D-12-15

A-23-27
A-22

D-5
D-5

D-14-15

At work
Class of worker
Diffusion index
Discouraged workers
Earnings, hourly
Earnings, weekly

A-7
A-7
B-6
B-11
B-11

A-36
B-2,15-18
B-2.15,17-18

Educational attainment
Employment by:
Age
Hispanic origin
Industry
Occupation
Race

A-5

A-16-17

D-3

A-3-4, 6, 8 '
A-4
B-3-5, 7
A-7
A-4

A-14-16. 18-19, 22
A-16-17
A-21; B-12-14
A-19-21
A-14-18, 20

D-1-2, 4 , 6
D-2

D-12-13.16
D-12-16

D-5
D-2

D-14-15
D-12, 14, 16

A-2-4, 6-8; B-4

A-14-20. 22: B-13

D-1-2. 4-6

D-12-16

A-6

A-18, 33

D-4

D-14-15

B-8-10

A-23-27; B-2,
15, 18

A-7, 11
A-1-3, 7

A-26, 28, 34
A-37
A-15, 22

A-6

A-36
A-18

Sex
Full-time workers
Historical data
Hours of work
Jobsearch methods
Marital status
Multiple jobholders
Nonagricultural industries
'Not in the labor force
Part-time workers
Production or nonsupervisory
workers
School enrollment
State, region, and area data
Unemployment by:
Age

B-5, 8-9, 11
B-7: C-1-2
A-3-4. 6, 9-10

Duration
Hispanic origin
Industry of last job
Occupation of last job
Race

A-13
A-4
A-11
A-11
A-4

Reason
Sex

A-12
A-2-4, 6, 9-10

Union affiliation
Veterans, Vietnam-era




Annual
averages

Not
seasonally
adjusted

D-20-22

D-5, 9
D-1,5

D-4

D-14-15

B-12, 15-18
A-16
B-14, 18; C-3
A-14-16.18, 28,
31-32, 34
A-32-35
A-16-17
A-30, 35
A-29, 35
A-14-18, 28,
31,34
A-31-32
A-14-18, 28-32,
34
A-38

A-1-2; 1-2, 5-6,
12-13,15,17-18,
26,32
19-23
12-13, 15-16
35
B-2,15-17: 5 0 : 2
B-2.15.17;
37-39, 50: 2
7
3-6, 8-9,14-15
4-7.11-13,18
B-1,12-13: 16-18, 48: 1
9-13, 17
3, 5, 7-8,10-12,14,
17-18
B-13: 2-18
8,12-13, 30
A-1-2: B - l - 2 ; 1-2
B-15:19-23, 50: 2
33-34
24, 31
36
A-1-2; 1-2, 5-6,
12-13, 15
35
8, 12-13
B-12,15-17; 49-50
1-3

D-1-2, 7-8

D-12-13, 17

D-11
D-2
D-9
D-9
D-2

D-19
D-12-13,17-19

D-12, 17-21

D-10
D-1-2, 7-8

D-18
D-12-13, 17

D-23-24

3-6, 8, 24, 27, 29,
33
29-32
4-7, 28
26, 32
25, 32
3,5, 7-8, 24, 28,
31,33
27-29
2-8,24, 25-27, 29,
31,33-35
40-43
46-47

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Cument Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS

REGION I—BOSTON
JFK Federal Buildina
Rm E310
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-2327

IV
X
IX
VI

REGION l l - N E W YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York. NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION MI-PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Room 7T50
61 Forsyth Street. SW.
Atlanta, GA 30303
Phone: (404) 331-3415
REGION V - C H I C A G O
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880

IX

VIII
I

III

III

IV

IV

IX
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970

X
V
V

REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
City Center Square
1100 Main. Suite 600
KansasCity. MO 64105-2112
Phone:(816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P O Box 193766
San Francisco. CA 94119
Phone: (415)975-4384




VII
VII
IV

VI

I

III

I

V

V

IV

VII

Department of Industrial Relations. Room 427.
Industrial Relations BIdg., Montgomery 36130
Department of Latx)r, Research and Analysis
ALASKA
Section. 1111 West 8th St.. Juneau 99802-5501
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
ARIZONA
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
Employment Security Department •
ARKANSAS
P.O. Box 2981. Little Rock 72203-2981
Employment Development Department, EmployCALIFORNIA
ment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., BIdg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
Department of Lalx)r and Employment, Suite
COLORADO
801, 1120 Lincoln Street, Denver 80203
Labor Department, Employment Security
CONNECTICUT
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
Department of Latx)r, Office of Occupational
DELAWARE
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
Department of Employment Services, Division
DIST. OF COL.
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
FLORIDA
Security, Bureau of Latx>r Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
Department of Latx>r, Labor Information
GEORGIA
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE,,
Atlanta 30303
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
HAWAII
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
IDAHO
Boise 83735
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
ILLINOIS
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
Department of Employment and Training
INDIANA
Services. Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
IOWA
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
KANSAS
Avenue. Topeka 66603
Department for Employment Services, Labor
KENTUCKY
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
Department of Labor. Research and Statistics
LOUISIANA
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
Department of Employment and Training,
MARYLAND
Research and Analysis Division. 1100 North
Eutaw St.. Baltimore 21201
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley BIdg.,
Boston 02114
Employment Security Commission, Research
MICHIGAN
and Statistics Division. Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
MINNESOTA
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
Employment Security Commission. Labor
MISSISSIPPI
Market Information Division. P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
MISSOURI
Jefferson City 65104

ALABAMA

BLS
Region
VIII MONTANA

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
VII NEBRASKA
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA BIdg., Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics. State Campus, Room 400, BIdg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
^
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service. P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
V OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X
OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Bureau of R e s e a r c h a n d Statistics
3 0 0 Capitol Associates Building
Harrisburg, PA 1 7 1 2 0 - 0 0 3 4
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
I
RHODE ISLAND
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA
Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center. P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security. Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
BIdg.. Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission. Room 208-T. 1117
Trinity St.. Austin 78778
VIII UTAH
Department of Employment Security. Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249.
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training. Office
of Policy and Putjiic Information. P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission. Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358. Richmond 23211
II
VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
X WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr, Olympia 98503
III WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security. Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
V
WISCONSIN
Department of Industry. Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
VIII WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602