Full text of Employment and Earnings : September 1989

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
September 1989




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Subscription price
per year $25 domestic and $31.25 foreign. Single copy
$8.50 domestic and $10.63 foreign. Annual supplement
$14 domestic and $17.50 foreign. Prices are subject to
change by the U.S. Government Printing Office. For
ordering information call (202) 783-3238.

Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.




Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
Documents.

ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.
Jan.

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in August 1989

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 36

No. 9 September 1989

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein
Editors' Note
With the release of data for August 1989, household survey statistics derived from the Current Population
Survey (CPS) reflect a complete reprogramming of the processing system. This reprogramming was
necessitated by modifications in the Census Bureau's computing environment and provided an opportunity
to make some refinements to all phases of CPS processing at the Census Bureau, including editing, weighting,
and tabulation of survey responses. These refinements tend to cause slight differences in estimates of levels
for the various labor force characteristics from the estimates the old system would have produced but virtually
no differences, in most cases, in percentages or rates derived from these estimates.
Third-quarter and annual averages for 1989 will be based completely on data derived from the new
processing system and thus can be expected to differ slightly from the results that would be obtained
by combining the monthly data through July, based on the old system, with the monthly data for August
forward, based on the reprogrammed system.

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, August 1989

2
4

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

6
43
79

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data

Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

9

44
61
82
104
Ill

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data

Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




36

56
101
108
117

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date..
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.. .
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship.

6
7
8
9
12
13
14
16
17
18

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-ll.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and s e x . . . . . . . . .
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment .
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment .
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .

19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex .
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex ..
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation ..
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status .
...
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status.

27
28
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
...
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

36
37
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
42

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment-National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date.
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted ..
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted .

.
.

43
44
55
56
57

.

58
59

Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry .

61

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date . .
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .

79
82
98
99
100
101
102
103

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas.

104

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted .
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates
.

108
JO9
HO

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

m

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, August 1989

Employment rose moderately and unemployment was
unchanged in August. The overall jobless rate was 5.1
percent and the civilian worker rate was 5.2 percent; both
measures were 5.2 percent in July.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the
survey of business establishments, rose by 110,000 in August
to 108.9 million. The overall increase would have been twice
as large were it not for the effects of strike activity during
the survey reference period. Total civilian employment, as
measured by the survey of households, was little changed
over the month.
Unemployment
At 6.4 million, seasonally adjusted, the number of
unemployed persons was essentially unchanged in August.
The civilian unemployment rate held at 5.2 percent over the
month and has shown little movement since April. August
jobless rates for adult men (4.4 percent), teenagers (14.5
percent), whites (4.5 percent), blacks (11.1 percent), and
Hispanics (9.0 percent) were all about the same as in the
previous month. The rate for adult women fell 0.3 percentage
point to 4.7 percent, after rising by half a point over the prior
5 months. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
At 11.3 weeks in August, mean duration of unemployment
declined over the month, as the number of long-term
unemployed—those jobless for 15 weeks or more—fell by
170,000. Median duration of unemployment was also lower
in August than in July, but that change resulted primarily
from an improved method of calculating the median. (See
table A-40.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Total civilian employment was 117.6 million, seasonally
adjusted, in August, little changed from the previous month.
The proportion of the working-age population that was
employed (the employment-population ratio) held at 63.0
percent. It has been at or near that high level since the
beginning of the year. (See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force (124.0 million) and the labor force
participation rate (66.5 percent) both were unchanged from
July, after seasonal adjustment. Over the past year, the labor
force has risen by 2.0 million. (See table A-33.)




Industry payroll employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 110,000
in August to a seasonally adjusted level of 108.9 million.
The size of the increase was reduced by a net loss of 108,000
workers from payrolls due to labor-management disputes.
Over the past year, nonfarm employment has increased by
3.0 million. (See table B-4.)
In the goods-producing sector, mining employment grew
by 20,000 in August, as workers in the coal industry returned
to work from wildcat strikes. Construction employment
increased slightly in August, following a large job gain in
the previous month.
Manufacturing employment showed little growth over the
month. In the durable goods sector, only the auto industry
posted a substantial gain, as an increase of 25,000 offset
declines in the previous 2 months. Job losses continued in
the electrical equipment industry, where employment has
declined by more than 40,000 since last November.
Employment in nondurable goods was virtually unchanged
in August. Food industry employment fell slightly after
showing gains in the previous 2 months, and printing and
publishing continued its pattern of small job gains.
In the service-producing sector, employment in
communication and public utilities fell by 130,000, due to
the strikes in the telephone communications industry. Job
growth in finance, insurance, and real estate was especially
strong—25,000. Employment in the services industry rose
by 85,000; the health services component increased by
50,000, continuing its strong growth, while employment in
business services rose by 20,000, reversing a decrease in
the previous month. Over the year, employment in services
has grown by 1.3 million. Retail and wholesale trade both
showed little job growth in August.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls declined by 0.2
hour in August to 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted, following
an increase of the same magnitude in July. The manufacturing
workweek and factory overtime both edged down 0.1 hour
to 40.9 hours and 3.8 hours, respectively. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls

declined by 0.5 percent to 128.5 (1977 = 100), after seasonal
adjustment. The manufacturing index was 96.4 for the fourth
consecutive month. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or




nonsupervisory workers were about unchanged in August,
after seasonal adjustment, while average weekly earnings
declined by 0.7 percent. Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average hourly earnings fell 3 cents to $9.60, and average
weekly earnings declined $2.01 to $336.00. Over the year,
both average hourly and average weekly earnings increased
by 3.9 percent. (See tables C-l and C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

September

October 6

December

January 5

October

November 3

January

February 2

November

December 8

February

March 9

Reference month

Release date

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutiona!
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601.
1961 .
.
19621 .
1963 .
.
1964 .
.
1965 .
.
1966 .
.
1967 .
.
1968 .
.
1969 .
.

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970 .
.
1971 .
.
19721 .
19731 .
1974 .
.
1975 .
.
1976 .
.
1977 .
.
19781 .
1979 .
.

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980 .
.
1981 .
.
1982 .
.
1983 .
.
1984 .
.
1985 .
.
1
1986 .
1987 .
.
1988 .
.

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

101,685

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1988:
August
September
October ....
November
December

186,522
186,666
186,801
186,949
187,098

123,692
123,688
123,778
124,215
124,259

66.3
66.3
66.3
66.4
66.4

116,895
117,074
117,260
117,652
117,705

1,692
1,704
1,687
1,705
1,696

115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

3,142
3,176
3,238
3,238
3,193

112,061
112,194
112,335
112,709
112,816

6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

62,830
62,978
63,023
62,734
62,839

1989:
January ..
..
February ..
.
March
April
May
June
July
August

187,340
187,461
187,581
187,708
187,854
187,995
188,149
188,286

125,124
124,865
124,948
125,343
125,283
125,768
125,622
125,706

66.8
66.6
66.6
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.8
66.8

118,407
118,537
118,820
118,797
118,888
119,207
119,125
119,285

1,696
1,684
1,684
1,684
1,673
1,666
1,666
1,688

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
117,459
117,597

3,300
3,223
3,206
3,104
3,112
3,096
3,219
3,307

113,411
113,630
113,930
114,009
114,102
114,445
114,240
114,290

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
6,497
6,421

5.4
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1

62,216
62,596
62,633
62,365
62,571
62,228
62,527
62,580

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Employed

Noninstitutional
population

Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed
Civilian

Resident
Armed
Forces

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
19781
1979

78,107
79,509

61,151
62,215

78.3
78.2

58,010
59,096

1,531
1,489

56,479
57,607

2,718
2,686

53,761
54,921

3,142
3,120

5.1
5.0

16,956
17,293

1980

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930

1981
1982
1983
1984

1985
19861
1987
1988

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
August
September
October
November
December

89,504
89,577
89,637
89,716
89,792

68,685
68,604
68,569
68,686
68,638

76.7
76.6
76.5
76.6
76.4

64,931
65,015
64,976
65,074
65,055

1,529
1,540
1,526
1,542
1,534

63,402
63,475
63,450
63,532
63,521

2,491
2,488
2,544
2,533
2,477

60,911
60,987
60,906
60,999
61,044

3,754
3,589
3,593
3,612
3,583

5.5
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2

20,819
20,973
21,068
21,030
21,154

1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August

89,914
89,973
90,032
90,094
90,167
90,237
90,315
90,384

69,032
69,113
69,190
69,360
69,114
69,507
69,245
69,337

76.8
76.8
76.9
77.0
76.7
77.0
76.7
76.7

65,322
65,572
65,920
65,767
65,713
66,110
65,961
65,934

1,532
1,521
1,521
1,521
1,511
1,501
1,499
1,519

63,790
64,051
64,399
64,246
64,202
64,609
64,462
64,415

2,501
2,509
2,497
2,440
2,447
2,455
2,552
2,622

61,289
61,542
61,902
61,806
61,755
62,154
61,909
61,792

3,710
3,540
3,270
3,593
3,401
3,397
3,284
3,403

5.4
5.1
4.7
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.9

20,882
20,860
20,842
20,734
21,053
20,730
21,070
21,047

Annual averages
WOMEN
1

1978

1979
1980
1981

1982
1983
1984
1985

19861

1987
1988

85,434
86,951

42,731
44,343

50.0
51.0

39,669
41,325

100
108

39,569
41,217

661

38,900
40,556

3,061
3,018

7.2
6.8

42,703
42,608

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
August
September
October
November
December

97,018
97,089
97,164
97,234
97,306

55,007
55,084
55,209
55,529
55,621

56.7
56.7
56.8
57.1
57.2

51,964
52,059
52,284
52,578
52,650

163
164
161
163
162

51,801
51,895
52,123
52,415
52,488

651
688
694
705
716

51,150
51,207
51,429
51,710
51,772

3,043
3,025
2,925
2,951
2,971

5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3

42,011
42,005
41,955
41,705
41,685

1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August

97,427
97,488
97,550
97,614
97,687
97,758
97,834
97,902

56,091
55,752
55,758
55,983
56,169
56,261
56,377
56,370

57.6
57.2
57.2
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.6
57.6

53,085
52,965
52,900
53,029
53,175
53,097
53,164
53,352

164
163
163
163
162
165
167
169

52,921
52,802
52,737
52,866
53,013
52,932
52,997
53,183

799
713
709
663
666
641
666
685

52,122
52,089
52,028
52,203
52,347
52,290
52,331
52,498

3,006
2,787
2,858
2,953
2,994
3,164
3,213
3,018

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.4

41,336
41,736
41,792
41,631
41,518
41,497
41,457
41,532

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




2

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian nonlnstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages
1955...
1956 ...
1957...
1958...
1959...

109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601 .
1961 ..
.
19621 .
1963 ..
.
1964...
1965...
1966...
1967 ..
.
1968...

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1975 ...
1976...
1977...
19781 .
1979...

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980...
1981 ...
1982 ...
1983 ...
1984 ...
1985...
19861 .
1987 ...
1988...

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6

1969 ...
1970
1971
19721
19731

...
...
.
.

1974 ...

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
August
September.
October
November..
December..

184,830
184,962
185,114
185,244
185,402

122,000
121,984
122,091
122,510
122,563

66.0
66.0
66.0
66.1
66.1

115,203
115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

6,797
6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3

5.6
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3

5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4

1989:
January .
.
February
March
April
May
June
July
August....

185,644
185,777
185,897
186,024
186,181
186,329
186,483
186,598

123,428
123,181
123,264
123,659
123,610
124,102
123,956
124,018

66.5
66.3
66.3
66.5
66.4
66.6
66.5
66.5

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
117,459
117,597

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
6,497
6,421

5.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.2

5.5
5.2
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
4.8
5.0

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.4

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)

August 1989
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years

25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

186,598
14,160
6,826
7,334
17,983
103,836
42,876
21,161
21,715
36,167
19,432
16,735
24,794
13,464
11,330
21,406
10,647
10,759
29,213
10,033
7,807
11,373

125,444

88,865
7,111

69,068
4,901

3,519
3,592
8,711
50,799
21,114
10,396
10,717
17,660
9,534

2,079
2,822

9,276
3,810
5,466
14,843
86,234
35,850
17,709
18,141
30,561

16,332
14,230
19,823
11,144
8,679
11,730
7,000
4,730

3,361
2,016
862
483

67.2
65.5
55.8
74.5
82.5
83.0
83.6
83.7
83.5
84.5
84.0
85.0
80.0
82.8
76.6
54.8
65.7
44.0
11.5
20.1
11.0
4.2

119,092

77.7
68.9
59.1
78.6
89.5
93.8
94.8
94.3
95.3
94.4
94.5
94.2
91.3
92.9
89.5
66.6
79.1
53.9
16.4
25.5
15.9
7.0

65,912
4,308
1,789
2,519
7,142
46,002
19,202
9,365
9,837

57.7
62.1
52.3
70.7
76.0
72.7
72.8
73.5
72.1
75.1
74.0
76.4
69.2
73.2
64.6
44.3
53.6
35.2
8.0
15.6
7.3
2.6

53,180
3,828
1,472
2,356
6,489
36,670
14,859
7,405
7,454
13,280
6,956
6,324
8,531
4,853
3,679
4,857
2,885
1,972
1,336
839
314
183

8,137

3,261
4,875
13,631
82,671

34,061
16,770

17,291
29,390
15,637
13,753
19,220
10,779

8,441
11,372
6,780

4,593
3,281
1,972
832
477

6,352
1,140
549
591
1,212
3,563
1,789
939
850
1,171
694
All
603
365
237
357
220
138
80
44
30
6

5.1
12.3
14.4
10.8
8.2
4.1
5.0
5.3
4.7
3.8
4.3
3.3
3.0
3.3
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.9
2.4
2.2
3.5
1.2

61,155
4,884
3,016
1,868
3,140
17,602
7,026
3,452
3,574
5,606
3,100
2,506
4,971
2,320
2,651
9,676
3,648
6,028
25,852
8,018
6,945
10,890

27,391
712
260
452
1,486
11,988
4,986
2,356
2,630
3,820
2,168
1,653
3,182
1,498
1,684
4,435
1,944
2,491
8,770
2,794
2,349
3,626

1,829
691
357
334
549
573
380
278
102
155
99
56
37
31
6
15
7
7
2
2

3,459
48
12
36
58
1,330
346
151
195
486
256
230
498
213
285
793
410
383
1,230
293
238

28,475
3,434
2,387
1,047
1,046
3,711
1,314
666
647
1,144
577
567
1,253
577
676
4,434
1,286
3,148
15,851
4,928
4,357
6,565

3,157
593
290
303
656
1,654
806
433
372
554
331
223
295
167
128
207
119
89
47
24
22

4.6
12.1
14.0
10.7
8.4
3.5
4.0
4.4
3.6
3.3
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.6
3.1
3.0
3.3
2.3
2.1
4.1
.
1

19,797
2,210
1,439
770
914
3,142
1,106
598
508
995
522
473
1,041
466
575
3,374
1,061
2,313
10,156
3,382
2,859
3,915

514
45
19
26
33
184
87
54
34
54
35
18
44
17
26
75
16
59
177
35
47
95

884
325
161
164
252
295
203
142
61
79
51
28
14
8
6
12
6
6

1,950
26
7
20
45
890
243
108
136
331
172
160
316
140
176
479
259
220
510
167
114
229

16,449
1,814
1,253
561
584
1,772
572
294
278
532
265
267
668
301
367
2,808
780
2,029
9,471
3,180
2,699
3,591

3,195
547
259
288
556
1,908
984
506
478
617
364
253
308
198
110
150
101
49
33
20

5.7
12.5
14.9
10.9
7.9
4.9
6.2
6.4
6.0
4.4
5.0
3.9
3.5
3.9
2.9
3.0
3.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
3.1

41,357
2,674
1,577
1,098
2,226
14,460
5,920
2,854
3,066
4,610
2,578
2,032
3,930
1,853
2,076
6,302
2,586
3,715
15,696
4,636
4,086
6,974

26,876
666
241
426
1,453
11,804
4,899
2,303
2,596
3,767
2,132
1,634
3,138
1,481
1,657
4,360
1,928
2,432
8,593
2,759
2,302
3,531

946
366
197
170
297
277
178
136
41
77
49
28
23
22
1
3
1
2
2
2
1

1,508
22
6
16
13
440
102
43
59
155
84
71
183
73
109
314
151
163
720
127
124
469

12,027
1,620
1,134
486
463
1,938
741
372
369
612
312
300
585
277
309
1,625
506
1,119
6,380
1,748
1,658
2,974

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

8,126
12,025
6,560
5,465

10,097
5,075
5,022
12,147
4,538
3,399
4,210

7,797
47,656
20,008

9,799
10,209
16,664
9,012
7,652
10,984
6,094
4,890
6,723
4,014
2,709
1,991
1,156
540
294

16,111
8,681
7,429

10,689
5,927
4,762
6,516
3,895
2,621
1,944
1,132
518
294

Women
16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years

50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




97,733
7,049
3,307
3,742

56,375
4,375
1,731
2,644
7,046

9,272
53,038

38,578

21,762
10,765
10,997
18,507
9,898
8,609

15,842
7,910
7,932
13,897
7,320
6,577

12,768

8,839
5,050

6,904
5,865
11,309
5,572
5,736

17,066
5,495
4,408
7,163

3,789
5,007
2,986

2,021
1,370
859
322
188

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

159,470
11,501
5,448
6,053
14,826
88,214
35,958
17,668
18,290
30,890
16,440
14,450
21,366
11,624
9,742
18,707
9,236
9,470
26,222
8,914
7,014
10,293

Not in labor force
Unemployed
Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Percent
of
population

Employed

107,597
7,945
3,231
4,714
12,492
73,786
30,297
14,918
15,379
26,233
13,900
12,333
17,256
9,739
7,517
10,384
6,143
4,241
2,990
1,802
747
441

67.5
69.1
59.3
77.9
84.3
83.6
84.3
84.4
84.1
84.9
84.5
85.3
80.8
83.8
77.2
55.5
66.5
44.8
11.4
20.2
10.7
4.3

102,938
7,122
2,827
4,295
11,640
71,129
29,045
14,298
14,747
25,315
13,361
11,953
16,769
9,445
7,324
10,107
5,975
4,132
2,941
1,773
733
435

4,659
823
404
419
853
2,657
1,252
620
632
918
538
380
487
294
193
277
168
109
49
29
14
6

4.3
10.4
12.5
8.9
6.8
3.6
4.1
4.2
41
.
3.5
3.9
31
.
2.8
3.0
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.6
1.7
1.6
1.9
1.4

51,872
3,556
2,217
1,339
2,333
14,429
5,662
2,750
2,912
4,657
2,540
2,117
4,110
1,885
2,225
8,322
3,093
5,230
23,232
7,112
6,267
9,852

23,683
509
183
326
1,157
10,191
4,186
1,969
2,217
3,262
1,841
1,420
2,744
1,271
1,473
3,861
1,689
2,172
7,965
2,487
2,152
3,326

1,233
441
230
211
378
399
263
196
67
110
70
40
25
19
6
12
6
7
2
2

2,631
37
8
28
43
978
239
104
136
397
203
193
342
152
190
588
301
287
985
224
197
565

24,325
2,569
1,796
773
756
2,860
973
481
492
889
425
463
999
443
556
3,861
1,097
2,764
14,279
4,400
3,918
5,962

76,537
5,803
2,787
3,015
7,254
43,678
17,910
8,768
9,142
15,296
8,170
7,126
10,472
5,713
4,760
8,885
4,437
4,448
10,918
4,073
3,047
3,798

59,970
4,204
1,744
2,460
6,632
41,334
17,119
8,342
8,776
14,533
7,789
6,744
9,683
5,374
4,309
5,999
3,555
2,443
1,801
1,057
468
276

78.4
72.5
62.6
81.6
91.4
94.6
95.6
95.1
96.0
95.0
95.3
94.6
92.5
94.1
90.5
67.5
80.1
54.9
16.5
25.9
15.4
7.3

57,638
3,771
1,543
2,228
6,162
40,090
16,530
8,038
8,492
14,108
7,537
6,572
9,451
5,253
4,198
5,841
3,470
2,372
1,775
1,039
460
276

2,331
433
201
232
470
1,244
588
304
284
424
252
172
231
120
111
158
86
72
26
18
8

3.9
10.3
11.5
9.4
71
.
3.0
3.4
3.6
3.2
2.9
3.2
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.9
1.5
1.7
1.7
.
1

16,567
1,599
1,044
555
622
2,344
791
426
365
763
381
382
790
339
451
2,886
881
2,004
9,117
3,016
2,579
3,522

409
35
18
18
12
141
60
36
24
39
23
17
42
17
25
62
9
52
158
28
42
88

593
213
109
104
174
198
136
101
35
53
34
19
8
4
5
9
4
5

1,490
19
5
14
34
668
170
75
95
276
141
135
222
99
122
360
189
171
410
128
95
187

14,074
1,331
912
419
402
1,337
425
214
211
395
183
211
518
220
299
2,455
679
1,776
8,549
2,860
2,442
3,247

82,933
5,698
2,661
3,037
7,572
44,537
18,049
8,900
9,149
15,594
8,270
7,324
10,894
5,911
4,983
9,822
4,800
5,023
15,304
4,842
3,967
6,495

47,628
3,741
1,488
2,253
5,860
32,452
13,178
6,576
6,602
11,700
6,111
5,589
7,574
4,365
3,208
4,385
2,588
1,797
1,189
746
279
165

57.4
65.7
55.9
74.2
77.4
72.9
73.0
73.9
72.2
75.0
73.9
76.3
69.5
73.9
64.4
44.6
53.9
35.8
7.8
15.4
7.0
2.5

45,300
3,352
1,284
2,067
5,477
31,039
12,514
6,260
6,255
11,206
5,824
5,382
7,318
4,192
3,126
4,266
2,505
1,760
1,166
734
273
159

2,328
389
203
186
383
1,413
664
316
348
494
286
208
255
173
82
120
82
37
23
12

4.9
10.4
13.7
8.3
6.5
4.4
5.0
4.8
5.3
4.2
4.7
3.7
3.4
4.0
2.6
2.7
3.2
2.1
1.9
1.5
2.1
3.5

35,306
1,957
1,173
784
1,711
12,085
4,871
2,324
2,546
3,894
2,159
1,735
3,320
1,546
1,775
5,437
2,212
3,225
14,115
4,096
3,688
6,330

23,274
474
165
308
1,145
10,050
4,126
1,933
2,193
3,222
1,818
1,404
2,702
1,254
1,448
3,799
1,679
2,120
7,806
2,459
2,110
3,238

639
228
121
107
204
201
127
95
32
57
36
21
17
16
1
3
1
2
3
2
1

1,141
17
3
14
9
311
70
29
41
121
63
58
120
52
68
228
112
116
576
96
102
378

10,251
1,238
884
354
354
1,523
548
267
281
494
242
252
481
224
257
1,407
419
988
5,730
1,540
1,475
2,715

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

10




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

August 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

21,060
2,173
1,150
1,023
2,475
11,831
5,318
2,677
2,641
3,951
2,207
1,744
2,562
1,344
1,217
2,122
1,100
1,022
2,459
907
1,551

Percent
of
population

Employed

13,694
1,092
488
605
1,855
9,429
4,276
2,133
2,143
3,261
1,792
1,469
1,892
1,015
877
1,013
657
356
305
169
136

65.0
50.3
42.4
59.1
74.9
79.7
80.4
79.7
81.1
82.5
81.2
84.2
73.9
75.5
72.0
47.7
59.7
34.8
12.4
18.7
88
.

12,197
801
358
444
1,541
8,627
3,798
1,851
1,947
3,036
1,652
1,383
1,793
954
839
954
619
334
275
155
120

1,497
291
130
161
314
802
478
282
196
225
139
86
99
61
38
59
38
21
30
14
16

10.9
26.6
26.7
26.6
16.9
85
.
11.2
13.2
91
.
69
.
78
.
58
.
52
.
60
.
43
.
58
.
57
.
60
.
99
.
85
.
11.8

7,366
1,081
663
418
620
2,402
1,042
544
499
691
416
275
669
329
341
1,109
443
666
2,153
738
1,415

2,842
176
69
107
280
1,284
607
293
314
366
217
150
312
159
152
441
193
248
661
247
413

399
197
104
92
103
98
64
49
15
28
17
11
7
6
1
1
1

757
7
2
5
14
319
95
44
51
84
52
31
141
54
87
180
94
86
238
68
170

3,367
702
488
214
223
700
276
157
119
213
130
84
211
110
101
487
155
332
1,255
422
832

9,457
1,073
612
461
1,128
5,304
2,409
1,212
1,197
1,745
985
760
1,150
614
536
960
500
460
991
372
619

6,850
587
291
296
913
4,662
2,169
1,076
1,093
1,558
864
694
934
507
428
535
346
188
154
76
79

72.4
54.7
47.5
64.2
81.0
87.9
90.1
88.8
91.3
89.3
87.7
91.3
81.2
82.5
79.8
55.7
69.2
40.9
15.6
20.3
12.7

6,128
442
211
231
754
4,297
1,980
963
1,017
1,439
793
646
878
464
414
501
322
179
134
69
65

722
145
80
64
159
365
190
114
76
119
72
47
57
43
13
33
24
10
20
6
14

10.5
24.6
27.6
21.8
17.4
78
.
87
.
10.6
69
.
76
.
83
.
68
.
61
.
85
.
32
.
62
.
69
.
51
.
13.1
82
.
17.8

2,607
486
321
165
215
642
239
136
104
187
121
66
216
107
108
426
154
272
837
297
540

94
6
1
5
21
39
24
18
7
13
11
2
1
_
1
13
7
6
15
4
12

179
89
43
46
40
49
30
19
11
16
8
8
4
3
1
2
2

415
7
2
5
10
200
65
31
34
51
31
20
84
38
46
101
60
42
97
38
60

1,917
385
276
109
144
354
120
68
52
107
70
37
126
66
60
310
86
224
725
255
469

11,603
1,100
538
562
1,348
6,527
2,910
1,465
1,445
2,206
1,222
984
1,411
730
681
1,162
600
562
1,467
535
932

6,844
506
197
309
942
4,767
2,107
1,057
1,050
1,703
927
776
958
509
449
478
310
168
151
94
57

59.0
46.0
36.6
55.0
69.9
73.0
72.4
72.1
72.7
77.2
75.9
78.8
67.9
69.7
65.9
41.2
51.8
29.8
10.3
17.5
61
.

6,070
359
147
212
787
4,330
1,818
888
930
1,597
860
737
915
491
425
452
297
156
141
85
55

775
146
50
97
155
437
288
169
120
106
68
39
42
18
24
26
14
12
10
8
2

11.3
28.9
25.3
31.3
16.5
92
.
13.7
15.9
11.4
62
.
73
.
50
.
44
.
35
.
54
.
54
.
45
.
71
.
67
.
86
.
(1)

4,759
594
341
253
406
1,760
803
408
395
503
295
209
454
222
232
683
289
394
1,316
441
875

2,747
170
67
102
259
1,246
582
275
307
353
205
148
310
160
151
427
186
242
645
244
402

220
108
62
46
63
49
35
30
4
11
8
3
3
3

342
_

1,450
317
212
105
79
346
156
89
67
106
60
46
84
44
41
178
69
108
530
167
363

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

4
119
30
13
17
33
21
11
56
15
41
78
34
44
141
31
110

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5.

Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex

(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Employed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

27,128
2,659
1,378
1,281
3,157
15,622
6,917
3,493
3,425
5,277
2,992
2,285
3,428
1,840
1,588
2,699
1,411
1,288
2,991
1,119
793
1,079

17,846
1,331
579
752
2,351
12,449
5,553
2,791
2,762
4,329
2,432
1,896
2,567
1,405
1,162
1,345
856
489
371
213
115
42

65.8
50.0
42.0
58.7
74.5
79.7
80.3
79.9
80.7
82.0
81.3
83.0
74.9
76.4
73.2
49.8
60.7
38.0
12.4
19.1
14.6
39
.

16,154
1,014
434
580
1,991
11,543
5,016
2,472
2,544
4,076
2,276
1,800
2,451
1,334
1,117
1,265
805
461
340
199
99
42

225
34
30
4
20
129
58
35
23
45
24
21
26
8
18
22
13
10
20
11
6
3

12,329
1,308
732
577
1,457
7,121
3,204
1,628
1,576
2,364
1,364
1,000
1,553
848
705
1,213
638
574
1,230
466
352
412

9,098
697
336
361
1,165
6,322
2,889
1,456
1,433
2,132
1,223
909
1,301
720
581
724
458
266
190
100
72
19

73.8
53.3
45.9
62.7
80.0
88.8
90.2
89.5
90.9
90.2
89.6
90.9
83.8
85.0
82.4
59.7
71.8
46.3
15.5
21.4
20.4
45
.

8,273
537
246
291
980
5,912
2,672
1,327
1,344
2,002
1,145
857
1,238
673
565
674
425
249
170
94
58
19

14,800
1,351
646
705
1,700
8,501
3,714
1,865
1,849
2,913
1,628
1,285
1,875
992
882
1,486
773
714
1,762
653
441
668

8,748
634
243
391
1,186
6,126
2,664
1,335
1,330
2,197
1,209
988
1,265
685
580
622
398
224
181
114
44
23

59.1
46.9
37.6
55.4
69.7
72.1
71.7
71.6
71.9
75.4
74.3
76.9
67.5
69.0
65.8
41.8
51.5
31.3
10.2
17.4
99
.
35
.

7,881
477
188
289
1,012
5,631
2,344
1,145
1,199
2,074
1,132
942
1,213
661
552
591
379
212
170
105
42
23

Percent
of
population

Total

Unemployed

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

15,929
981
404
576
1,971
11,414
4,958
2,437
2,521
4,031
2,252
1,779
2,425
1,326
1,099
1,243
792
451
321
188
94
39

1,692
317
145
172
359
906
537
319
218
253
156
97
116
71
44
80
52
29
30
14
16

9.5
23.8
25.0
22.9
15.3
7.3
9.7
11.4
7.9
5.8
6.4
5.1
4.5
5.1
3.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
8.2
6.7
13.9

193
33
30
3
13
110
51
32
20
38
19
19
20
6
14
17
8
9
19
10
6
3

8,081
504
216
288
966
5,802
2,620
1,296
1,325
1,964
1,125
838
1,218
667
551
657
417
240
151
83
52
16

825
159
89
70
186
410
217
129
88
129
78
51
64
47
16
49
33
17
20
6
14

22.9
26.6
19.4
15.9
6.5
7.5
8.9
6.2
6.1
6.4
5.6
4.9
6.5
2.8
6.8
7.1
6.3
10.7
6.3

33
1

7,848
476
188
288
1,005
5,612
2,337
1,141
1,196
2,067
1,127
940
1,207
658
548
586
375
211
170
105
42
23

867
157
56
102
174
495
320
190
130
123
78
45
52
24
28
31
19
12
10

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

9,282
1,328
799
529
806
3,173
1,364
702
662
948
560
388
861
435
426
1,354
555
799
2,621
905
678
1,038

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

3,230
611
396
215
292
799
315
172
143
233
141
91
252
127
124
489
180
309
1,039
366
280
393

WJomen

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12




1
7
19
7
3
3
7
4
2
6
2
4
5
4
1
1
1

9.9
24.8
22.8
26.0
14.6
8.1
12.0
14.2
9.8
5.6
6.4
4.6
4.1
3.5
4.8
4.9
4.7
5.3
5.6
7.1

6,052
717
403
314
514
2,375
1,049
530
519
716
419
297
609
308
302
865
375
490
1,581
539
397
644

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

To t f l |
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

184,830
123,396
66.8
116,737
3,455
113,282
6,659
5.4
61,434

186,598
125,444
67.2
119,092
3,633
115,460
6,352
5.1
61,155

80,669
63,396
78.6
60,594
2,438
58,156
2,803
4.4
17,273

81,754
64,167
78.5
61,603
2,529
59,074
2,564
4.0
17,587

89,670
50,637
56.5
48,003
650
47,354
2,633
5.2
39,033

90,684
52,000
57.3
49,352
682
48,670
2,648
5.1
38,683

14,491
9,363
64.6
8,140
368
7,773
1,222
13.1
5,128

14,160
9,276
65.5
8,137
422
7,715
1,140
12.3
4,884

158,340
106,146
67.0
101,213
3,210
98,003
4,933
4.6
52,194

159,470
107,597
67.5
102,938
3,407
99,531
4,659
4.3
51,872

69,968
55,233
78.9
53,094
2,240
50,854
2,139
3.9
14,735

70,734
55,766
78.8
53,868
2,370
51,498
1,898
3.4
14,968

76,539
42,884
56.0
40,985
620
40,365
1,899
4.4
33,654

77,235
43,886
56.8
41,948
650
41,298
1,938
4.4
33,348

11,833
8,028
67.8
7,134
350
6,784
894
11.1
3,805

11,501
7,945
69.1
7,122
388
6,734
823
10.4
3,556

20,736
13,481
65.0
11,962
181
11,781
1,519
11.3
7,255

21,060
13,694
65.0
12,197
184
12,013
1,497
10.9
7,366

8,235
6,212
75.4
5,644
149
5,496
568
9.1
2,023

8,384
6,263
74.7
5,686
133
5,553
578
9.2
2,120

10,318
6,166
59.8
5,516
22
5,494
650
10.5
4,152

10,503
6,338
60.3
5,710
21
5,689
628
9.9
4,165

2,183
1,103
50.5
802
11
791
302
27.3
1,079

2,173
1,092
50.3
801
30
771
291
26.6
1,081

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of

school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, y*~ars of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population
Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Looking
fr
o
full-time
work

Total

Looking
fr
o
part-time
work

Percent
o
f
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

3,588
1,812
1,776

2,132
964
1,168

59.4
53.2
65.8

1,959
881
1,078

944
335
609

1,015
546
469

173
83
90

59
18
41

114
65
49

81
.
86
.
77
.

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

956
2,632
1,896
736

413
1,719
1,107
612

43.2
65.3
58.4
83.2

353
1,606
1,021
585

123
821
449
372

230
785
572
213

60
114
86
28

13
46
29
17

47
68
57
10

14.4
66
.
78
.
45
.

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,669
858
811

967
442
525

57.9
51.5
64.7

874
399
475

477
180
298

397
219
177

93
43
50

37
8
29

56
36
20

96
.
98
.
95
.

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

533
1,136
836
301

240
727
472
255

45.0
64.0
56.5
84.7

197
676
431
246

84
393
225
168

113
284
205
78

42
51
42
9

13
24
18
6

30
26
24
3

17.7
70
.
88
.
35
.

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,919
954
965

1,166
522
644

60.7
54.7
66.7

1,085
482
603

467
155
311

619
327
292

80
40
41

22
11
12

58
29
29

69
.
76
.
63
.

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

424
1,495
1,060
435

173
992
635
358

40.9
66.4
59.9
82.2

156
929
590
339

39
428
224
204

117
501
366
135

17
63
44
19

_
22
11
11

17
41
33
8

10.0
64
.
70
.
52
.

2,797
1,396
1,401

1,782
818
964

63.7
58.6
68.8

1,671
769
902

827
303
524

844
467
377

111
49
63

41
7
34

70
42
29

62
.
59
.
65
.

Men
Women

1,331
1,467

827
955

62.1
65.1

762
909

411
416

352
493

65
47

26
15

39
31

78
.
49
.

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

689
2,108
1,486
622

319
1,463
928
535

46.3
69.4
62.5
86.0

286
1,385
870
515

96
732
399
332

191
653
471
183

33
78
58
20

7
34
23
11

26
44
35
9

10.3
53
.
63
.
37
.

567
326
241

257
113
144

45.3
34.8
59.6

205
78
128

85
24
61

120
53
67

52
36
16

14
12
2

38
24
14

20.2
31.5
11.2

Men
Women

222
345

90
167

40.8
48.2

71
134

41
44

30
90

19
33

7
8

13
25

21.0
19.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

214
354
283
70

70
188
133
55

32.6
53.1
46.9
78.1

42
164
113
51

16
69
42
27

26
95
71
24

28
24
20
4

7
8
4
4

21
16
16
1

2
()
12.8
14.9

323
197
125

151
65
87

46.9
32.8
69.0

138
56
83

54
11
43

84
45
39

13
9
4

2

11
11
-

Men
Women

140
182

73
79

51.8
43.1

60
78

21
33

40
44

12
1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

129
193
97
96

26
126
47
78

19.9
65.0
48.4
81.8

16
122
47
75

6
48
4
44

10
74
43
31

9
4

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

0

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14




4
2
_
4
_

4

5

87
.
(2)

46
.
2

10
-

()
10
.

11
_
1

2
()
31
.
2
()
48
.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
28,555
12,348
16,207

21,987
8,312
13,675

77.0
67.3
84.4

19,809
7,256
12,553

14,728
3,933
10,795

5,081
3,323
1,758

2,178
1,057
1,122

1,604
607
998

574
450
124

9.9
12.7
8.2

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

9,873
10,831

5,912
1,939

6,005
9,017
5,178
1,788

60.8
83.2
87.6
92.2

5,023
8,144
4,937
1,704

2,778
6,522
3,911
1,516

2,245
1,622
1,025
188

981
873
241
83

605
740
178
81

376
132
63
2

16.3
9.7
4.7
4.7

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

14,153
6,253
7,900

11,732
4,459
7,273

82.9
71.3
92.1

10,576
3,909
6,667

8,323
2,298
6,025

2,253
1,612
642

1,155
550
606

893
333
560

263
217
46

9.8
12.3
8.3

5,270
5,229
2,843

70.1
90.9
89.0
93.2

3,097
4,334
2,421
723

1,960
3,709
1,998
656

1,137
625
424
67

596
418
108
34

398
375
85
35

198
43
23

812

3,693
4,752
2,529
757

16.1
8.8
4.3
4.5

14,402
6,095
8,307

10,255
3,853
6,402

71.2
63.2
77.1

9,233
3,346
5,886

6,405
1,635
4,770

2,828
1,711
1,117

1,023
507
516

712
274
438

311
233
78

10.0
13.2
8.1

4,603
5,602
3,070
1,127

2,312
4,264
2,649
1,030

50.2
76.1
86.3
91.4

1,926
3,810
2,516
981

818
2,813
1,914
860

1,108
997
602
121

386
455
133
49

207
365
93
47

179
90
40
2

16.7
10.7
5.0
4.8

23,529
10,105
13,424

18,655
7,127
11,528

79.3
70.5
85.9

17,091
6,353
10,738

12,806
3,517
9,289

4,285
2,836
1,449

1,564
774
790

1,121
441
680

444
333
110

8.4
10.9
6.9

11,726
11,803

10,009
8,646

85.4
73.2

9,170
7,920

7,281
5,525

1,889
2,396

839
726

648
473

191
253

8.4
8.4

7,921
8,931
4,969
1,708

5,066
7,601
4,396
1,592

64.0
85.1
88.5
93.2

4,342
6,996
4,227
1,525

2,419
5,670
3,354
1,364

1,924
1,326
873
161

724
605
170
66

440
500
116
65

283
105
54
2

14.3
8.0
3.9
4.2

4,081
1,847
2,234

2,690
979
1,711

65.9
53.0
76.6

2,137
724
1,413

1,491
324
1,168

645
400
245

553
255
298

444
151
294

109
104
5

20.6
26.1
17.4

Men
Women

1,979
2,102

1,409
1,281

71.2
60.9

1,125
1,012

822
670

303
342

284
269

224
220

60
49

20.2
21.0

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,624

778
1,191
589
132

47.9
74.2
83.5
90.7

543
948
527
119

266
708
420
97

277
240
107
22

235
244
61
13

150
225
56
13

84
19
5
1

30.2
20.4
10.4
10.2

3,089
1,205
1,884

2,196
1,482

71.1
59.2
78.7

1,873
586
1,287

1,560
405
1,155

312
180
132

323
128
195

241
84
158

81
44
37

14.7
17.9
13.2

Men
Women

1,607
1,481

1,365
831

84.9
56.1

1,177
696

1,030
530

146
166

188
134

155
86

33
48

13.8
16.2

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,666

1,013

1,067
310
46

870
270
42

60.8
81.5
87.3

844
745
244
40

676
643
204
38

167
102
41
2

170
125
26
2

123
98
19
2

47
27
7

16.8
14.4
9.6

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,606
705

146

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

714

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Employed

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,896
5,864
655
2,106
3,103
2,032

7,927
5,449
456
1,702
3,291
2,478

7,311
5,621
612
2,007
3,002
1,690

7,250
5,178
423
1,598
3,157
2,071

7,066
5,416
576
1,935
2,905
1,650

7,036
5,018
411
1,521
3,086
2,018

245
205
36
72
97
40

214
160
12
77
72
53

3.4
3.6
5.9
3.6
3.2
2.4

2.9
3.1
2.8
4.8
2.3
2.6

20,542
9,155
6,888
4,499

21,589
9,388
7,487
4,714

19,525
8,747
6,555
4,223

20,429
8,953
7,094
4,382

18,739
8,352
6,305
4,082

19,718
8,639
6,849
4,230

786
395
250
141

712
315
245
152

4.0
4.5
3.8
3.3

3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

16




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
August 1989
Employed

Unemployed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

100,940
4,268
1,139
3,129
96,673
11,404
85,269
74,117
11,152

99,166
4,070
1,066
3,004
95,096
11,096
84,000
73,032
10,968

1,774
197
72
125
1,577
308
1,269
1,085
184

18,152
3,869
2,123
1,746
14,283
2,227
12,056
8,554
3,501

14,801
2,927
1,702
1,225
11,874
1,659
10,214
7,033
3,181

3,351
941
420
521
2,409
568
1,841
1,521
320

5,161
625
196
428
4,536
1,039
3,497
3,183
315

1,191
515
353
162
676
173
502
380
122

Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

60,210
2,477
57,733
6,323
51,410
44,362
7,048

59,210
2,336
56,874
6,133
50,741
43,795
6,946

1,001
142
859
189
669
567
102

5,701
1,831
3,871
819
3,051
1,640
1,412

4,275
1,320
2,955
573
2,383
1,089
1,294

1,427
511
915
246
669
551
118

2,733
340
2,392
589
1,803
1,601
202

424
253
171
66
105
53
52

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

40,730
1,790
38,940
5,081
33,859
29,755
4,104

39,956
1,735
38,222
4,963
33,259
29,237
4,022

774
56
718
118
600
518
82

12,450
2,038
10,412
1,408
9,004
6,915
2,090

10,526
1,608
8,919
1,087
7,832
5,944
1,887

1,924
430
1,494
322
1,172
970
202

2,428
285
2,144
449
1,694
1,581
113

767
262
505
107
397
327
71

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

52,809
2,200
50,609
5,492
45,117
38,796
6,320

51,954
2,087
49,868
5,330
44,538
38,313
6,225

855
114
741
162
579
484
95

4,829
1,571
3,259
670
2,589
1,294
1,295

3,707
1,153
2,554
473
2,080
891
1,189

1,122
417
705
197
509
402
106

2,025
261
1,765
413
1,352
1,208
144

306
173
133
57
76
36
40

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

34,385
1,620
32,765
4,321
28,444
24,869
3,575

33,721
1,566
32,155
4,226
27,930
24,431
3,498

664
53
610
96
514
438
76

10,915
1,732
9,183
1,156
8,027
6,170
1,857

9,428
1,382
8,046
925
7,121
5,424
1,697

1,487
351
1,137
231
905
746
160

1,701
188
1,514
300
1,213
1,133
80

627
202
425
82
342
280
63

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,451
218
5,233
645
4,588
4,046
542

5,319
191
5,128
619
4,510
3,974
536

132
27
105
26
79
72
7

677
224
453
109
344
251
93

422
136
286
64
222
138
85

255
88
166
45
121
113
8

621
73
548
157
390
348
42

101
71
30
2
28
17
12

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,891
130
4,761
584
4,178
3,786
392

4,796
127
4,669
563
4,106
3,718
388

95
3
93
21
72
68
4

1,178
229
949
203
746
544
202

821
153
668
131
537
373
164

357
76
281
72
209
171
38

650
90
561
138
422
393
29

125
57
68
17
51
44
6

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)

August 1989
Civilian labor force

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

Total, 16 years and over1

101,191

67.9

95,958

5,233

5.2

47,791

22,349

1,567

2,434

21,441

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40,217
25,750
1,155
13,312

78.4
92.3
96.0
60.0

39,163
25,115
1,052
12,996

1,054
635
103
316

2.6
2.5
8.9
2.4

11,074
2,138
49
8,888

192
91
102

118
58
8
52

947
333
14
600

9,818
1,656
27
8,135

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

29,092
26,168
738
2,186

56.7
66.8
70.0
19.7

27,888
25,115
635
2,138

1,204
1,052
103
49

4.1
4.0
13.9
2.2

22,200
12,996
316
8,888

17,472
11,307
264
5,901

152
128
9
15

329
113
6
210

4,247
1,447
37
2,763

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

14,709
6,083
5,102
3,524

72.4
67.4
83.9
67.6

13,442
5,486
4,711
3,245

1,267
597
391
279

8.6
9.8
7.7
7.9

5,614
2,944
980
1,690

791
231
147
413

768
415
304
49

374
26
30
318

3,681
2,272
499
910

Women who maintain families

6,874

63.2

6,298

577

8.4

4,001

2,690

85

237

990

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

6,012
1,739
1,705
2,568

64.5
57.5
80.7
61.5

5,136
1,363
1,462
2,311

876
376
243
257

14.6
21.6
14.2
10.0

3,303
1,283
409
1,611

813
204
146
463

347
211
73
63

384
19
21
344

1,760
849
169
742

Men who maintain families

2,309

78.3

2,211

98

4.3

638

36

20

99

483

Relatives in families maintained by men ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,978
385
563
1,030

67.3
63.0
86.0
61.6

1,821
341
505
975

157
44
58
55

7.9
11.5
10.3
5.3

961
226
92
643

355
44
19
292

77
18
23
36

64

465
164
48
253

Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18




2
62

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Women
Unemployment
rates

Aug.
1989

679
1,205

3,195
1,304
686
1,205

5.8
4.5
6.4
8.1

5.7
4.4
6.2
7.9

3.9
2.4
5.2
6.8

2,322
1,091
479
752

2,328
1,098
488
742

5.0
4.2
5.6
6.3

4.9
4.1
5.5
6.1

10.5
6.1
9.5
16.3

797
181
187
430

775
170
179
425

11.9
7.5
9.8
18.0

11.3
7.2
9.4

431

10.6
5.2
10.1
17.5

16.4

2,183
1,158
379
646

1,908
1,056
370
482

3.9
2.9
5.8
7.5

3.4
2.6
5.2
5.4

2,064
1,117

611
336

2,092
1,097
631
364

4.7
4.1
6.0
5.6

4.7
3.9
5.9
5.6

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,705
958
280
466

1,428
833
277
317

3.5
2.7
5.1
6.6

2.9
2.3
4.7
4.3

1,509
921
421
167

1,556
922
444
190

4.1
3.8
5.2
3.6

4.1
3.8
5.2
3.9

Black, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

401

419
183
84
153

7.6
4.9
9.2

7.8
6.0
8.4
11.8

486
148
176
162

473
143
169
161

9.2
6.7
9.5

8.8
6.5
9.1
12.0

Aug.
1989

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,450
1,252
413
1,785

3,157
1,147

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,611
1,033
302

2,331
909
314

1,276

1,109

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

722
166
99
457

722
195
96

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




150
87
164

419
1,590

Aug.
1989

5.0
3.0
6.0
9.2

Unemployment
rates
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1988

Thousands of
persons
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

4.6
2.7
5.7
8.1

3,209
1,325

4.4
2.8
5.3
7.9

13.3

13.1

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Unemployment rates
Total

Total

Men

Women

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

6,352

5.4

5.1

5.0

4.6

5.8

5.7

773
379
394

642
317
325

2.6
2.5
2.7

2.1
2.1
2.1

2.2
2.4
1.9

1.5
1.5
1.5

3.1
2.7
3.4

2.8
2.9
2.8

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,546
76
655
816

1,494
83
658
753

4.1
2.1
4.4
4.3

3.9
2.2
4.4
3.9

3.7
2.0
2.9
6.2

2.9
2.1
2.7
4.0

4.4
2.1
6.1
3.8

4.4
2.2
6.1
3.9

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,107
48
81
978

1,104
67
80

6.4
6.7
3.6
6.9

6.3

6.0

O

O

958

6.6
4.8
3.6
7.3

6.8
4.7
3.0
7.2

6.7
6.9
6.1
6.7

615
133
306
176

659
132
317
211

4.2
2.9
5.3
4.1

4.5
2.8
5.6
4.8

4.2
3.0
5.4
3.9

4.3
2.7
5.5
4.2

4.3
.3
3.9

7.0
6.1
8.8
6.9

1,506
684
288
534
140
394

1,490
682
297
512
147
366

7.6
7.7
5.5
9.1
12.3
8.4

7.5
7.6
5.7
9.1
14.8
7.9

7.0
6.5
5.0
9.5
12.7
8.6

6.8
6.0
5.7
8.8
14.5
7.4

9.2
9.5
10.9
7.4
7.6

10.0

Farming, forestry, and fishing

255

218

6.1

5.1

6.0

4.7

6.9

6.8

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

826
550
143
133

712
486
123
103

Aug.
1988
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20




Aug.
1989

6,659

3.7
7.3

3.0
7.1

4.9

O

9.5
9.7
5.8
10.4

O

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons

(
Jnemployment rates

Total

Industry

Men

Total

Women
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

6,659

6,352

54
.

51
.

50
.

46
.

58
.

57
.

4,868

4,763

52
.

51
.

51
.

46
.

54
.

56
.

48
535

43
507

62
.
81
.

56
.
78
.

63
.
84
.

58
.
78
.

56
.
48
.

48
.
74
.

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,155
640
44
34
32
46
65
112
100
156
80
76
19
32
515
121
30
145
26
105
27
50
11

1,107
616
40
27
33
45
80
102
99
146
92
54
21
23
491
127
34
115
30
63
37
62
25

52
.
49
.
58
.
46
.
51
.
55
.
46
.
41
.
47
.
57
.
63
.
51
.
25
.
69
.
56
.
64
.
40
.
11.0
33
.
55
.
21
.
61
.
28
.

49
.
47
.
51
.
41
.
47
.
50
.
58
.
37
.
48
.
54
.
72
.
37
.
33
.
43
.
53
.
64
.
45
.
91
.
38
.
33
.
29
.
70
.
58
.

44
.
43
.
55
.
35
.
34
.
56
.
46
.
37
.
34
.
48
.
46
.
50
.
27
.
58
.
46
.
36
.
54
.
18.0
24
.
52
.
17
.
42
.
41
.

40
.
39
.
59
.
29
.
40
.
51
.
43
.
28
.
38
.
42
.
56
.
29
.
43
.
14
.
43
.
58
.
27
.
90
.
26
.
30
.
23
.
59
.
53
.

67
.
64
.
74
.
72
.
11.1
51
.
47
.
52
.
66
.
85
.
12.5
52
.
22
.
82
.
70
.
11.6
23
.
86
.
56
.
59
.
32
.
92
.
-

68
.
69
.
.
5
72
.
75
.
44
.
98
.
67
.
63
.
98
.
13.2
67
.
20
.
72
.
67
.
77
.
66
.
91
.
71
.
37
.
40
.
91
.
70
.

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

228
192
36
1,437
201
1,236
254
1,212
472
740

224
172
52
1,401
189
1,212
185
1,297
490
807

36
.
52
.
14
.
61
.
44
.
65
.
34
.
47
.
34
.
63
.

35
.
45
.
19
.
58
.
43
.
62
.
25
.
49
.
34
.
67
.

38
.
52
.
16
.
56
.
40
.
62
.
29
.
48
.
30
.
60
.

33
.
46
.
12
.
47
.
35
.
50
.
20
.
47
.
28
.
61
.

29
.
48
.
10
.
66
.
54
.
68
.
37
.
47
.
36
.
66
.

38
.
43
.
33
.
71
.
60
.
72
.
27
.
50
.
36
.
72
.

188
111
826

161
716
712

96
.
28
.
_

76
.
25
.
_

91
.
23
.
_

67
.
22
.
_

11.6
34
.
_

10.9
29
.
_

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1989

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Men,
20 years
and over
Aug.
1988

Women,
20 years
and over

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

6,659
2,887
739
2,148
1,062
1,888
822

6,352
2,766
736
2,030
1,122
1,814
650

2,803
1,767
424
1,343
449
500
87

2,564
1,600
414
1,185
385
500
79

2,633
905
256
649
452
1,089
188

2,648
971
282
689
504
1,035
138

1,222
215
58
157
162
300
546

100.0
43.4
11.1
32.3
15.9
28.4
12.3

100.0
43.5
11.6
32.0
17.7
28.6
10.2

100.0
63.0
15.1
47.9
16.0
17.8
3.1

100.0
62.4
16.2
46.2
15.0
19.5
3.1

100.0
34.3
9.7
24.6
17.1
41.3
7.2

100.0
36.7
10.7
26.0
19.0
39.1
5.2

2.3
.9
1.5
.7

2.2
.9
1.4
.5

2.8
.7
.8
.
1

2.5
.6
.8
.
1

1.8
.9
2.1
.4

1.9
1.0
2.0
.3

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Black

White

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

1,140
196
39
157
233
278
433

4,933
2,195
628
1,567
840
1,400
498

4,659
2,066
606
1,460
924
1,237
433

1,519
632
96
536
191
414
282

1,497
628
114
514
167
505
197

100.0
17.5
4.7
12.8
13.2
24.5
44.7

100.0
17.2
3.4
13.8
20.4
24.4
38.0

100.0
44.5
12.7
31.8
17.0
28.4
10.1

100.0
44.3
13.0
31.3
19.8
26.5
9.3

100.0
41.6
6.3
35.3
12.6
27.3
18.6

100.0
41.9
7.6
34.3
11.1
33.8
13.2

2.3
1.7
3.2
5.8

2.1
2.5
3.0
4.7

2.1
.8
1.3
.5

1.9
.9
11
.
.4

4.7
1.4
3.1
2.1

4.6
1.2
3.7
1.4

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

22




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unempfoyment
(Percent distribution)
August 1989
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age

1£ weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

100.0

47.6

33.9

18.5

9.6

8.9

2,766
736
2,030
1,122
1,814
650

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.8
59.0
32.9
56.9
53.3
48.5

33.8
29.4
35.3
30.6
32.9
42.9

26.4
11.6
31.8
12.5
13.8
8.6

14.3
7.3
16.9
6.5
6.3
4.6

12.1
4.3
14.9
6.1
7.5
4.1

2,564

100.0

40.6

32.6

26.8

12.3

14.5

1,600
414
1,185
385
500
79

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.7
60.8
29.6
52.8
41.7
33.5

31.7
26.6
33.5
31.6
35.6
39.3

30.7
12.7
37.0
15.7
22.7
27.2

15.5
8.8
17.9
5.0
8.2
8.3

15.1
3.9
19.1
10.7
14.5
18.9

2,648

100.0

50.9

32.7

16.4

9.5

6.9

971
282
689
504
1,035
138

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.1
50.7
34.3
56.4
58.6
57.4

37.9
37.6
38.0
29.7
29.7
29.7

23.0
11.8
27.6
13.9
11.8
12.9

13.9
6.2
17.1
9.2
5.4
10.2

9.1
5.6
10.6
4.8
6.4
2.7

1,140

100.0

55.4

39.4

5.1

3.9

1.2

196
39
157
233
278
433

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

61.2

30.3

8.5

6.2

2.3

O

O

O

0

0

Thousands
of persons

6,352

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Percent

51.6
64.7
54.7
48.3

15 to 26
weeks

Total

10.9
4.3
5.4
3.9

37.5
31.0
39.9
47.8

8.1
3.0
6.1
2.1

27 weeks
and over

2.8
1.2
_
1.8

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Df
A-16. Unemployed persons by duration < unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Total, 16 years and over

6,659

6,352

100.0

100.0

5,413

5,161

100.0

100.0

Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
. . .
5 to 10 weeks ...
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over

3,095
2,094
1,506
587
1,470
669
800
285
515

3,022
2,152
1,599
554
1,178
612
566
255
311

46.5
31.4
22.6
8.8
22.1
10.1
12.0
4.3
7.7

47.6
33.9
25.2
8.7
18.5
9.6
8.9
4.0
4.9

2,320
1,719
1,227
492
1,374
626
748
270
478

2,248
1,816
1,324
491
1,097
565
532
240
292

42.9
31.8
22.7
9.1
25.4
11.6
13.8
5.0
8.8

43.6
35.2
25.7
9.5
21.3
10.9
10.3
4.7
5.7

13.5
5.9

11.3
5.0

14.9
6.8

12.5
5.9

.

Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks




23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Aug.
1988

August 1989

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,352
1,140
1,212
1,789
1,171
603
357
80

3,022
632
641
852
507
236
120
35

2,152
450
419
572
373
182
129
28

612
45
71
194
143
96
55
8

566
13
81
172
148
88
54
9

11.3
60
.
94
.
11.2
14.0
16.1
16.9
14.9

5.0
4.1
4.3
5.1
6.0
7.4
8.7
6.2

46.5
58.0
53.2
45.0
40.2
33.9
37.2
41.5

47.6
55.4
52.9
47.6
43.3
39.2
33.5
43.4

22.1
4.8
16.4
24.0
30.8
34.0
37.6
29.4

18.5
5.1
12.5
20.5
24.9
30.6
30.4
21.4

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,157
593
656
806
554
295
207
47

1,355
315
305
357
198
91
65
25

1,086
249
243
252
189
87
58
8

338
22
47
94
71
55
42
6

377
6
60
103
96
62
42
7

13.5
62
.
11.3
12.9
17.4
21.0
21.4

6.1
4.2
5.5
5.8
7.9
9.6
11.3

42.3
57.3
50.4
39.8
30.7
30.4
32.2

42.9
53.1
46.5
44.3
35.7
30.7
31.6

25.4
5.2
15.0
26.7
38.8
43.2
47.0

22.6
4.9

O

O

0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,195
547
556
984
617
308
150
33

1,666
317
336
495
309
146
54
9

1,066
200
176
320
184
94
71
20

274
22
23
99
72
41
13
2

189
7
21
70
51
27
12
2

91
.
58
.
73
.
98
.
11.0
11.5
10.7

4.3
3.9
3.7
4.5
4.5
5.3
6.9

51.0
58.7
56.1
50.7
49.3
37.2
45.6

18.5
4.4
18.0
21.1
23.1
25.5
22.0

14.5
5.4
8.0
17.2
20.0
22.0
16.5

0

O

0

52.2
58.0
60.4
50.3
50.1
47.3
36.1

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,659
2,331
2,328

2,303
1,048
1,255

1,529
765
764

442
244
199

385
274
111

10.7
13.1
84
.

4.6
5.6
4.2

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,497
722
775

626
257
369

556
295
261

152
84
68

163
86
76

12.9
14.3
11.5

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,147
419
1,590

433
155
767

357
134
595

176
59
103

181
71
125

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,304
686
1,205

742
291
633

384
265
417

101
76
96

76
54
59

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

24




0

0

0

16.4
24.5
30.3

39.6
40.5

O

0

O

47.7
42.4
53.6

49.4
45.0
53.9

20.6
25.1
15.7

17.8
22.2
13.3

6.2
7.6
4.9

42.4
41.1
43.6

41.9
35.6
47.7

26.2
27.1
25.3

21.0
23.6
18.6

16.4
17.6
10.3

7.7
8.0
4.8

32.5
50.7
47.2

37.8
37.0
48.2

36.1
27.5
17.3

31.1
31.0
14.3

84
.
11.0
87
.

4.0
6.2
4.3

53.9
41.0
53.5

56.9
42.4
52.5

18.6
26.5
14.0

13.6
19.0
12.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
than

5 weeks

5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks
weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
Aug.
1988

August 1989

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

642
1,494
1,104
659
1,490
218

253
749
566
287
669
123

235
495
343
215
500
59

89
144
115
69
154
11

66
106
80
88
167
26

12.6
99
.
95
.
14.9
13.0
12.6

6.6
4.5
4.4
6.2
6.0
4.0

43.4
43.7
52.3
43.3
45.1
52.8

39.4
50.1
51.3
43.6
44.9
56.4

24.8
25.0
17.6
28.1
25.2
21.3

24.1
16.7
17.7
24.0
21.6
17.0

161
524
1,111
618
493
249
1,409
1,803
170

92
255
451
223
228
100
671
920
72

47
150
355
224
130
79
520
595
41

9
51
160
86
73
40
128
164
21

13
68
146
84
62
31
90
125
36

10.0
13.3
14.5
14.7
14.3
15.6
96
.
96
.
18.1

3.9
4.8
6.7
7.3
5.6
7.9
5.0
4.4
7.0

58.6
52.4
43.7
38.1
50.7
43.1
47.0
45.2
36.6

57.1
48.7
40.6
36.1
46.2
40.2
47.6
51.0
42.4

20.3
23.0
27.4
31.1
22.8
30.0
21.5
21.1
28.7

13.7
22.7
27.5
27.5
27.4
28.1
15.5
15.9
32.9

712

358

293

31

31

87
.

4.5

50.5

50.3

10.2

8.7

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
August 1989
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency
8.8
5.8
8.5

O

O

O

O

40.2
34.4
41.7
42.4
43.9
39.4
45.4
O

24.2
20.2
22.5
23.5
25.6
31.3
25.3
O

4.2
3.3
3.7
4.3
3.9
9.2
2.2
O

1.74
1.53
1.66
1.79
1.94
1.90
1.85
O

71.2
78.0
69.1
70.1
70.6
66.7
73.3

42.0
33.1
43.6
45.5
41.2
49.9
36.4

15.1
14.0
15.1
14.7
17.7
15.8
12.2

0

3.9
2.1
3.2
3.2
6.5
5.5
2.6
O

1.60
1.45
1.59
1.63
1.67
1.73
1.56
O

8.6
8.9
8.3

72.2
73.0
71.4

43.0
42.5
43.6

19.3
23.9
14.9

4.4
4.6
4.1

1.68
1.77
1.60

9.6
11.1
8.3

72.4
73.2
71.7

34.9
33.3
36.3

20.0
25.2
15.5

3.0
3.2
2.8

1.64
1.69
1.60

21.3
11.8
19.5
24.3
26.7
26.7
24.2

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,157
593
656
806
554
295
207
47

2,658
547
582
652
419
243
169
44

23.1
11.8
18.7
28.5
32.3
29.8
24.0

9.4
5.2
9.1
9.4
13.0

0

O

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,195
547
556
984
617
308
150
33

2,803
524
501
864
524
250
111
29

19.6
11.9
20.5
21.1
22.3
23.6
24.6

8.2
6.4
7.9
8.7
8.8
11.4
6.6

White, 16 years and over..
Men
Women

4,659
2,331
2,328

3,917
1,922
1,995

20.6
23.7
17.6

Black, 16 years and over .
.
Men
Women

1,497
722
775

1,367
643
724

24.2
22.8
25.4

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

Other

Average
number of
methods
used
1.67
1.49
1.63
1.70
1.79
1.82
1.74

5,460
1,071
1,082
1,517
944
493
280
73

1

Friends
or
relatives

4.0
2.7
3.5
3.7
5.4
7.3
2.4

6,352
1,140
1,212
1,789
1,171
603
357
80

0

Placed
or
answered
ads

19.5
17.2
19.1
18.5
21.2
23.5
20.1
O

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

0

Employer
directly

9.0
10.7
11.3
10.7
O

11.2
13.4

0

71.9
78.0
69.6
70.3
72.7
68.0
74.4
O

41.1
33.8
42.6
44.2
42.4
44.7
41.8

72.7
78.1
70.1
70.5
75.2
69.3
75.1

0

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
August 1989
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

5,460
1,996
1,076
1,756
632

21.3
27.7
19.8
17.7
13.6

3,157
1,719
499
638
299

2,658
1,250
484
627
297

3,195
1,047
623
1,175
350

2,803
746
593
1,129
335

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,352
2,766
1,122
1,814
650

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

.

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Employer
directly

Friends
or
relatives

8.8
11.2
8.5
7.7
4.5

71.9
74.4
68.9
69.2
76.8

41.1
44.1
44.7
39.2
31.0

19.5
23.9
16.8
17.3
16.8

4.0
3.3
3.6
5.6
2.9

1.67
1.85
1.62
1.57
1.46

23.1
27.6
18.6
23.1
11.2

9.4
10.7
8.9
9.8
4.1

72.7
76.0
71.1
65.0
77.8

40.2
41.6
42.0
40.5
31.2

24.2
27.2
21.9
23.8
16.5

4.2
3.7
4.0
5.8
3.6

1.74
1.87
1.67
1.68
1.44

19.6
27.9
20.7
14.8
15.7

8.2
12.2
8.1
6.6
4.9

71.2
71.7
67.0
71.6
75.9

42.0
48.5
47.0
38.4
30.9

15.1
18.4
12.6
13.7
17.0

3.9
2.5
3.3
5.5
2.4

1.60
1.81
1.59
1.51
1.47

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26




Average
number of
methods
used

Placed
or
answered
ads

Other

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Total
Industry and age

Men

Women

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

116,737
8,140
3,370
4,771
13,839
80,247
33,536
28,228
18,483
11,395
6,936
4,459
3,116

119,092
8,137
3,261
4,875
13,631
82,671
34,061
29,390
19,220
11,372
6,780
4,593
3,281

64,876
4,282
1,804
2,478
7,324
44,736
18,807
15,650
10,279
6,611
4,001
2,610
1,922

65,912
4,308
1,789
2,519
7,142
46,002
19,202
16,111
10,689
6,516
3,895
2,621
1,944

51,861
3,858
1,566
2,292
6,515
35,511
14,729
12,578
8,203
4,784
2,935
1,849
1,193

53,180
3,828
1,472
2,356
6,489
36,670
14,859
13,280
8,531
4,857
2,885
1,972
1,336

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,455
368
176
192
413
1,887
821
630
436
460
267
194
327

3,633
422
240
182
452
1,985
861
664
460
492
260
233
282

2,742
304
147
158
354
1,456
664
467
325
350
199
151
279

2,891
362
218
144
378
1,500
683
489
327
401
205
195
251

713
63
29
34
59
432
158
163
111
111
67
43
48

741
59
21
38
74
485
178
175
133
92
54
38
31

113,282
7,773
3,194
4,579
13,426
78,360
32,715
27,598
18,047
10,935
6,669
4,266
2,789

115,460
7,715
3,022
4,693
13,179
80,686
33,199
28,727
18,760
10,880
6,520
4,360
2,999

62,134
3,978
1,658
2,320
6,970
43,280
18,143
15,183
9,954
6,261
3,802
2,459
1,644

63,020
3,946
1,571
2,375
6,764
44,502
18,519
15,622
10,362
6,115
3,690
2,425
1,693

51,148
3,795
1,536
2,258
6,456
35,079
14,571
12,415
8,093
4,674
2,868
1,806
1,145

52,439
3,769
1,451
2,318
6,416
36,184
14,681
13,105
8,399
4,765
2,831
1,934
1,306

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total

Occupation

16 years
and over
Aug.
1988

Total

Aug.
1989

16 years
and over
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Women
20 years
and over

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

16 years
and over
Aug.
1988

20 years
and over

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

116,737 119,092 64,876 65,912 60,594 61,603 51,861 53,180 48,003 49,352

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

28,980 29,909 16,069 16,557 15,963 16,459 12,911 13,352 12,800 13,193
14,575 15,024 8,787 9,084 8,744 9,038 5,788 5,941 5,738 5,859
360
625
341
341
627
360
285
265
281
263
10,115 10,622 6,494 6,800 6,453 6,775 3,622 3,822 3,586 3,753
3,833 3,777 1,952 1,923 1,950 1,903 1,881 1,854 1,870 1,842
7,473 7,219 7,421
14,405 14,885 7,282
7,123 7,412 7,062 7,334

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

35,904 36,679 12,651 12,953 11,890 12,106 23,253 23,726 21,171 21,755
3,609 3,735 1,881 2,002 1,824 1,936 1,729 1,733 1,686 1,711
1,273 1,267
220
263
258
1,054
1,004
214
1,036
1,000
1,151 1,195
908
940
906
255
874
243
227
245
1,185 1,272
753
772
474
799
737
433
423
466
14,064 14,387 7,211 7,279 6,753 6,791 6,853 7,108 5,664 5,952
3,703 3,967 2,457 2,611 2,427 2,569 1,247 1,356 1,216 1,324
2,427 2,434 1,465 1,342 1,445 1,320
1,092
962
930 1,040
1,616 1,594 1,316 1,256 1,306 1,243
339
300
291
329
6,257 6,312 1,951 2,048 1,555 1,638 4,306 4,264 3,195 3,209
60
80
57
22
23
38
21
20
32
50
18,231 18,557 3,560 3,673 3,314 3,379 14,671 14,884 13,821 14,092
337
297
737
818
480
291
440
330
478
440
283
298
898
285
585
277
883
615
575
553
105
4,889 4,673
57 4,784 4,612 4,534 4,427
61
93
238
2,476 2,431
210 2,238 2,209 2,186 2,154
222
223
569
908
589
618
949
339
331
310
543
312
2,028 2,177 1,848 1,947 6,214 6,707 5,738 6,207
8,241
8,884

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,628 16,052
947
925

1,658
3,513
1,364
166
1,623
360

9,296
907
380
8,010
3,189
1,705
1,331
1,784

9,660
888
387
8,386
3,225
1,869
1,390
1,901

7,981
720
314
6,947
2,444
1,624
1,241
1,637

8,340
733
302
7,305
2,526
1,754
1,296
1,728

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,910 14,002 12,709 12,818 12,265 12,418
4,415 4,497 4,266 4,344 4,144 4,245
5,421 5,360 5,302 5,251 5,034 5,015
4,074 4,145 3,142 3,223 3,087 3,158

1,201
149
120
932

1,184
153
108
923

1,165
145
115
904

1,128
148
102
878

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,404 18,350 13,834 13,741 12,454 12,479
8,176
8,307 4,891 4,928 4,678 4,736
6,848
6,851 4,029 3,999 3,875 3,866
3,768
3,691 2,637 2,493 2,540 2,404
3,080
1,506
3,159 1,391
1,335 1,461
1,328
1,456
863
929
870
803
4,912
4,926 4,524 4,529 4,369 4,361
3,629
3,631 3,283 3,288 3,154 3,142
1,284
1,295 1,241 1,241 1,216 1,219
5,315
5,116 4,419 4,283 3,407 3,382
1,001
845
954
703
809
821
4,314
4,271 3,465 3,462 2,598 2,680

4,569
3,285
2,820
1,131
1,689
465
389
346
43
896
47
849

4,609
3,379
2,852
1,199
1,653
527
397
342
55
833
24
808

4,328
3,191
2,748
1,115
1,633
443
378
336
42
759
39
720

4,365
3,259
2,752
1,166
1,586
507
382
331
51
724
16
708

631
198
433

649
207
442

558
197
360

572
204
369

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

28




1,828
748
420
873
2,218
504

3,126
759
3,928

2,167
12,514
5,216
1,887
3,083
2,329

3,911
1,293
2,618

1,770
856
400
864
2,209

589
3,300
798
4,100

2,146

12,981
5,390
2,057
3,200
2,334

4,100
1,378
2,722

1,684
502
317
702

339
303
802
628
2,005

6,332
40
1,787
4,504
2,027
182
1,751
544

3,280
1,095
2,185

1,624
563
280
724
354
357
856
602
2,114

6,392
37
1,759
4,595
2,165
187
1,810
434

3,451
1,171
2,280

1,680
494
315
702
338
300
795
629
1,968

5,223
29
1,704
3,490
1,314
163
1,554
459

2,798
1,078
1,721

1,623
562
277
724
353
358
841
602
2,082

5,196
26

2,945
1,154
1,790

145
246
103
171
1,879
201
2,325
131
1,923

146
293
121
140
1,855
232
2,443
196
1,986

145
246
103
170
1,877
200
2,313
131
1,877

145
293
121
140
1,849
232
2,424
196
1,935

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Men

Total
Occupation and race

Women

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

116,737
100.0

119,092
100.0

64,876
100.0

65,912
100.0

51,861
100.0

53,180
100.0

24.8
12.5
12.3
30.8

25.1

24.8
13.5
11.2
19.5

25.1

24.9

13.8

25.1
11.2
13.9
44.6
3.3
13.4
28.0
18.2
1.7
.7
15.8
2.2
8.7
6.4
.7
1.6
1.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

11.9
15.8
7.0
4.2
4.6
3.4

12.6
12.5
30.8
3.1
12.1
15.6
13.5
.8
1.8
10.9
11.8
15.4
7.0
4.1
4.3
3.4

11.1
5.5
9.8
.1
2.8
6.9
19.6
21.3
7.5
7.0
6.8
5.1

.1
2.7
7.0
19.4
20.8
7.5

6.9
6.5
5.2

11.2
13.7
44.8
3.3
13.2
28.3
17.9
1.7
.7
15.4
2.3
8.8
6.3
.8
1.7
1.2

101,213
100.0

102,938
100.0

56,827
100.0

57,638
100.0

44,386
100.0

45,300
100.0

25.9

26.1
13.2
12.9
31.1
3.1
12.6

25.8
14.3
11.5

26.3
14.6

25.9

25.9

19.7
2.8

19.8
3.0
11.7
5.2
8.5

11.6
14.3
45.5
3.2
13.8
28.5
17.0
1.4
.7
14.9
2.1
8.1
5.9
.8
1.5
1.3

3.1
12.0

15.6
13.4
.8

1.9
10.7

2.9

11.3

19.7
3.0
11.0
5.6

9.7

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

13.2
12.7
31.1
3.0
12.7
15.4
12.2
.7

1.7

2.6
6.1
20.2
20.4
7.2
6.6
6.5
5.2

2.4
6.1
20.0
19.8
7.2
6.6

6.1
5.5

11.7
14.2
45.6
3.2
13.7
28.7
16.6
1.6
.7
14.4
2.3
8.2
5.9
.7
1.7
1.3

12,197
100.0

6,072
100.0

6,128
100.0

5,890
100.0

6,070
100.0

15.2
7.2
8.0
28.3
3.2
8.0
17.2
23.3
1.9
3.1

12.4
6.5

17.8
7.7

18.4

5.9
17.2
3.0
4.9
9.3
18.5
.2
4.8

12.0
6.4
5.5

18.3
9.1
21.9
9.5
5.8
6.6
2.2

13.6
15.7
32.0
10.5
11.3
10.1
4.2

15.4
12.3
.7

9.8
12.3
15.1
6.6
4.0
4.4
3.5

1.7
9.9
12.1
14.7
6.6
4.0
4.0
3.7

11,962
100.0
15.1
7.1
8.0
28.0
3.3
7.1
17.6
23.0
1.7
3.1
18.1
9.1

11.8
5.0
8.8

0

11.8

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

22.4
9.8
6.3
6.3
2.4

17.4
2.8
5.7
8.9
19.3
.2
5.1

14.0
15.5
31.8
10.0
10.7
11.1

3.9

10.2
39.2
3.5
9.5
26.1
27.6
3.3
1.4
22.8
2.4
12.5
9.1
1.3
2.2
.5

7.9
10.4
39.3
3.5
10.3
25.5
27.2
3.6
1.0
22.7
2.6
11.9
9.1
.8
2.1
.6

Less than 0.05 percent.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
August 1989
Nonagricultural industries

Agriculture

Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

SelfWage and
employed
salary
workers
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

106,390
7,596
2,979
4,617
12,864
31,195
25,907
16,905
9,572
5,814
3,758
2,351

1,217
227
157
70
138
186
197
176
173
96
78
120

16,887
507
207
300
1,077
4,148
5,190
3,603
1,943
1,212
731
419

88,286
6,861
2,615
4,247
11,649
26,862
20,521
13,126
7,456
4,506
2,949
1,812

8,797
98
35
64
299
1,947
2,730
1,804
1,281
688
593
637

273
21
8
13
17
57
89
51
27
18
9
11

1,958
328
190
138
369
550
297
189
162
91
71
64

1,494
49
19
30
63
291
341
238
309
153
156
204

181
44
31
14
19
21
26
33
22
15
7
14

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

57,239
3,861
1,544
2,317
6,561
17,249
13,878
9,172
5,281
3,220
2,061
1,237

204
66
48
18
21
32
23
26
13
6
7
23

7,975
254
118
136
472
1,963
2,388
1,746
948
587
361
205

49,059
3,541
1,378
2,163
6,068
15,254
11,466
7,400
4,321
2,628
1,693
1,009

5,733
71
22
49
191
1,262
1,741
1,187
829
467
363
452

49
15
5
9
12
7
3
3
4
3
2
5

1,577
281
175
106
306
433
219
145
134
72
61
59

1,248
45
18
27
60
245
269
181
263
130
133
185

66
36
26
10
12
5
1
1
4
3
1
7

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,151
3,735
1,435
2,300
6,303
13,946
12,030
7,733
4,290
2,594
1,697
1,114

1,013
161
109
53
116
154
173
150
160
90
71
98

8,911
253
89
164
605
2,185
2,802
1,858
995
625
370
214

39,226
3,320
1,237
2,084
5,581
11,607
9,055
5,725
3,135
1,879
1,256
803

3,064
28
13
15
108
685
989
617
452
222
230
185

225
6
3
3
5
50
86
48
23
16
7
6

380
47
16
31
63
116
77
44
28
19

246
4
1
3
3
46
72
57
46
23
23
18

115
8
5
4
8
16
26
32
17
12
6
7

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

30




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
August 1989
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminisPrivate
trative
ployed
cians
ProfesOther
trative,
sional
Sales support, houseand
service1
and
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporators,
equipment
and
tation
craft,
cleaners,
assemfishing
and
and
helpers,
blers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

16
9
60
746
326
420

117
74
435
2,420
1,374
1,046

22
7
38
387
217
170

31
237
4,594
4,106
2,793
1,313

12
44
76
6,851
3,691
3,159

48
118
587
849
452
397

14
34
962
1,186
550
636

3,193

454
404
83
321

340
287
111 10,315
33 1,819
78 8,496

2,141
2,461
832
1,630

261
4,571
23
4,548

1,243
1,538
349
1,190

122
343
135
207

1,775
996
486
510

518
1,833
334
1,499

21
29
16
13

209
10,926
3
10,923
9,497
815

108 1,956
916
2,112
1
5
915
2,107
124
1,699
30
240

3,233
6,083
5
6,078
4,309
1,593

314
8,096
99
7,997
4,299
1,431

145
1,887
14
1,873
450
222

21
805
3
803
203
33

14
478
6
472
221
61

32
466
20
445
116
73

109
544
137
407
105
86

3,633
750
7,998
21,884
12,879
9,005

72
131
1,047
2,669
1,671

82
57
127
1,812
1,197
615

8,139
24,720
4,606
20,114

978
2,118
496
1,623

8,167
38,009
1,223
36,786
23,599
5,792

2,028
4,772
5
4,767
2,575
1,209

26
39
54
759
510
248

925
925

19
99
97
3

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Paid absences
Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989

6,688
5,846
538

4,261
2,919
693

4,321
2,824
702

11,943
9,435
1,293
46
41
1,128

11,939
9,266
1,351
26
161
1,135

11,760
9,311
1,277
36
41
1,095

11,795
9,176
1,327
17
161
1,114

6,624
5,833
500

291

304

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

5,181
3,983
674
524

5,071
3,818
699
554

5,041
3,884
662
495

4,958
3,749
680
528

3,150
2,762
265
122

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

6,762
5,452
619
691

6,868
5,449
651
768

6,719
5,427
616
677

6,837
5,427
647
763

3,473
3,069
235
169

Total, 16 years and over ....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




Unpaid absences

O
(2)

795

3,198
2,799
289
110

648
1,446
854
353
239

1,357
703
336
319

3,489
3,047
249
194

2,816
2,065
341
410

2,962
2,121
366
475

3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.

Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
August 1989
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Agriculture

Percent distribution

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

107,153

3,488

103,665

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

23,340
736
3,511
11,629
7,464

909
46
191
402
270

22,431
690
3,320
11,228
7,194

21.8
.7
3.3
10.9
7.0

26.1
1.3
5.5
11.5
7.7

21.6
.7
3.2
10.8
6.9

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

83,813
7,248
43,240
33,325
11,769
12,096
9,461

2,579
168
706
1,705
301
430
974

81,233
7,080
42,534
31,620
11,467
11,666
8,487

78.2
6.8
40.4
31.1
11.0
11.3
8.8

73.9
4.8
20.2
48.9
8.6
12.3
27.9

78.4
6.8
41.0
30.5
11.1
11.3
8.2

40.1
43.9

45.8
53.0

39.9
43.6

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

100.0

100.0

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

23,340

7,529

15,811

22,431

7,262

15,169

5,125
2,250
60
266
135
2,415

1,774
1,314
60
266
135

3,351
936

4,849
2,084
60
263
133
2,309

1,665
1,209
60
263
133

3,184
875

18,215
9,597
2,766
1,327
244

5,755

17,582
9,282
2,730
1,295
183

5,597

2,415

2,766
1,179

12,460
9,597
148

244
22
1,870
2,390

22

1,870
845

22
1,803
2,268

2,309

2,730
1,157

138

182
22
1,507

1,545

11,985
9,282

1,804
761

22.2
21.8

24.5
24.7

21.1
20.6

22.3
21.9

24.4
24.7

21.1
20.6

1,705
5,759

791
2,703

914
3,056

1,601
5,592

736
2,646

865
2,946

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989
Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or less
or more
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

103,665

4,849

11,985

86,831

55,210

11,467

20,153

39.9

43.6

95,310

4,299

10,575

80,436

52,281

10,868

17,287

39.8

43.3

656

10

11

635

292

96

247

47.3

48.2

6,162

350

245

5,567

3,570

700

1,297

41.5

43.7

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,822
11,613
8,209

521
194
327

573
226
347

18,728
11,194
7,535

11,754
6,966
4,788

- 3,041
1,778
1,263

3,933
2,450
1,484

42.2
42.7
41.6

43.4
43.5
43.3

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

6,956
21,195
6,938

158
1,501
160

361
3,938
597

6,437
15,756
6,181

3,976
9,569
4,274

822
2,272
776

1,639
3,915
1,130

43.0
38.2
40.1

44.8
43.7
42.3

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

28,241
1,150
27,091
5,339

1,541
250
1,291
57

4,594
457
4,137
255

22,106
444
21,662
5,026

15,122
281
14,840
3,724

2,606
43
2,563
556

4,379
120
4,259
747

37.8
27.1
38.3
40.9

42.6
45.3
42.5
42.1

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,081
273

540
10

1,290
120

6,251
144

2,848
81

589
10

2,814
52

41.4
36.0

48.0
48.9

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

103,665
7,294
2,784
4,510
96,370
12,459
83,911
55,554
25,714
2,643

4,849
1,069
458
611
3,780
835
2,945
1,942
906
96

11,985
2,526
1,402
1,125
9,459
1,445
8,014
4,275
2,477
1,263

86,831
3,699
924
2,775
83,132
10,179
72,953
49,337
22,331
1,284

55,210
2,872
757
2,115
52,339
7,084
45,255
29,890
14,484
881

31,620
827
167
660
30,793
3,095
27,698
19,447
7,847
403

39.9
31.0
26.6
33.7
40.6
38.8
40.9
41.5
40.7
29.6

43.6
40.6
39.6
40.9
43.7
42.5
43.9
44.0
43.7
42.2

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

58,063
3,771
1,452
2,320
54,291
6,488
47,804
31,577
14,705
1,521

2,219
592
264
328
1,627
400
1,227
849
334
43

3,460
1,101
658
442
2,359
506
1,853
637
554
662

52,384
2,079
529
1,550
50,305
5,581
44,724
30,091
13,817
816

29,716
1,578
420
1,158
28,138
3,572
24,566
15,966
8,088
512

22,668
501
109
392
22,167
2,009
20,158
14,125
5,729
304

42.8
32.2
27.5
35.2
43.6
40.7
43.9
44.7
43.7
31.4

45.1
41.1
39.7
41.5
45.3
43.7
45.5
45.8
45.1
43.4

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

45,602
3,523
1,333
2,191
42,079
5,972
36,107
23,977
11,008
1,122

2,630
477
194
284
2,153
435
1,718
1,094
571
53

8,525
1,426
743
682
7,100
939
6,161
3,638
1,922
600

34,447
1,620
395
1,225
32,827
4,598
28,229
19,245
8,515
468

25,495
1,294
337
957
24,201
3,511
20,690
13,923
6,397
369

8,952
327
58
268
8,626
1,087
7,539
5,322
2,118
99

36.3
29.6
25.6
32.1
36.9
36.8
36.9
37.4
36.8
27.0

41.3
39.9
39.3
40.1
41.3
41.0
41.4
41.3
41.5
40.0

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

89,252
50,568
38,684

3,904
1,809
2,095

10,613
3,006
7,606

74,735
45,752
28,983

46,155
25,099
21,056

28,580
20,653
7,927

40.1
43.1
36.2

43.8
45.4
41.3

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

10,832
5,531
5,301

795
352
444

1,026
340
686

9,011
4,839
4,171

6,902
3,440
3,462

2,108
1,399
709

38.5
40.6
36.4

42.0
43.2
40.5

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

35,663
6,146
16,254

779
227
1,213

1,235
288
1,937

33,648
5,631
13,104

17,987
3,092
8,636

15,661
2,539
4,468

44.3
43.8
39.2

45.7
45.8
43.5

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

23,615
9,166
12,821

1,090
544
996

4,970
1,112
2,443

17,555
7,510
9,382

13,160
5,363
6,972

4,394
2,147
2,411

35.8
38.1
36.0

41.1
41.8
41.2

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1989
O n full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

O n part
time for
economic
reasons

(Jn
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

Average

Average hours,
hours, workers
49
on fulltotal
41 to 48
hours
time
at work
hours
or more
schedules

103,229

4,779

11,908

86,543

54,923

11,480

20,139

40.0

43.6

25,056
13,780
11,276
33,672
3,458
13,385
16,829
14,579
868
1,960
11,751
12,915
17,007
7,712
4,473
4,821

492
185
307
1,322
46
748
528
1,454
171
43
1,240
541
970
378
138
455

1,972
610
1,361
5,011
328
2,305
2,378
3,396
346
152
2,898
380
1,149
316
212
622

22,593
12,985
9,608
27,339
3,084
10,332
13,923
9,729
351
1,765
7,613
11,994
14,887
7,019
4,124
3,744

12,339
6,672
5,667
18,498
2,108
5,557
10,833
7,055
231
1,085
5,738
7,350
9,682
4,905
2,101
2,676

3,004
1,725
1,279
3,542
462
1,398
1,682
1,072
36
281
754
1,776
2,086
1,047
550
489

7,250
4,589
2,662
5,300
515
3,377
1,408
1,602
84
398
1,120
2,869
3,119
1,067
1,473
579

42.6
44.5
40.3
38.6
39.9
39.9
37.4
35.4
27.4
42.8
34.7
42.4
41.0
40.6
45.0
37.9

45.0
45.9
43.8
42.7
42.0
45.4
40.8
42.6
44.3
45.0
41.9
44.0
43.6
42.3
47.0
42.5

57,542

2,148

3,344

52,050

29,414

7,148

15,489

42.9

45.2

14,722
8,366
6,356
12,168
1,889
6,851
3,428
5,953
37
1,611
4,306
11,832
12,867
4,614
4,211
4,042

223
79
144
324
23
196
104
462
6
32
424
470
669
177
116
376

616
223
394
870
86
514
270
824
20
100
704
272
762
119
169
474

13,883
8,064
5,819
10,974
1,780
6,141
3,054
4,667
11
1,479
3,177
11,090
11,436
4,318
3,926
3,192

6,691
3,675
3,016
5,831
1,123
2,608
2,100
3,182
2
868
2,311
6,696
7,013
2,799
1,965
2,249

1,762
995
767
1,541
269
852
421
541
2
230
310
1,654
1,650
710
529
411

5,430
3,394
2,036
3,602
389
2,681
532
945
7
381
556
2,740
2,773
809
1,432
532

45.2
46.5
43.5
43.2
41.8
44.9
40.6
38.9
(2)
43.9
37.1
42.8
42.0
42.0
45.5
38.4

46.7
47.4
45.8
45.6
43.1
47.7
43.0
43.6
(2)
45.8
42.5
44.2
44.5
43.3
47.2
42.7

45,687

2,631

8,564

34,493

25,510

4,332

4,651

36.3

41.3

10,335
5,415
4,920
21,504
1,569
6,534
13,401
8,626
831
350
7,445
1,083
4,139
3,098
263
778

269
106
163
998
22
552
424
992
165
12
816
71
301
201
22
78

1,356
388
968
4,141
242
1,791
2,108
2,573
326
52
2,194
108
387
196
43
147

8,710
4,921
3,789
16,365
1,305
4,191
10,870
5,061
340
286
4,436
905
3,452
2,701
198
553

5,648
2,996
2,651
12,667
985
2,949
8,733
3,873
229
217
3,428
653
2,669
2,106
136
426

1,243
730
513
2,000
193
546
1,261
531
34
52
445
122
437
337
21
79

1,820
1,195
625
1,698
126
696
876
657
71
17
564
129
346
258
41
48

38.8
41.4
36.0
36.0
37.7
34.6
36.6
32.9
27.4
37.4
33.3
37.9
38.0
38.5
37.8
35.8

42.3
43.4
40.8
40.7
40.6
42.0
40.2
41.6
44.0
41.0
41.5
41.4
40.9
40.7
43.3
41.0

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Employment status and sex
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug

186,522
123,692
66.3
116,895
62.7
1,692
115,203
3,142
112,061
6,797
5.5
62,830

186,666
123,688
66.3
117,074
62.7
1,704
115,370
3,176
112,194
6,614
5.3
62,978

186,801
123,778
66.3
117,260
62.8
1,687
115,573
3,238
112,335
6,518
5.3
63,023

186,949
124,215
66.4
117,652
62.9
1,705
115,947
3,238
112,709
6,563
5.3
62,734

187,098
124,259
66.4
117,705
62.9
1,696
116,009
3,193
112,816
6,554
5.3
62,839

187,340
125,124
66.8
118,407
63.2
1,696
116,711
3,300
113,411
6,716
5.4
62,216

187,461
124,865
66.6
118,537
63.2
1,684
116,853
3,223
113,630
6,328
5.1
62,596

187,581
124,948
66.6
118,820
63.3
1,684
117,136
3,206
113,930
6,128
4.9
62,633

187,708
125,343
66.8
118,797
63.3
1,684
117,113
3,104
114,009
6,546
5.2
62,365

187,854
125,283
66.7
118,888
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62,571

187,995
125,768
66.9
119,207
63.4
1,666
117,541
3,096
114,445
6,561
5.2
62,228

188,149
125,622
66.8
119,125
63.3
1,666
117,459
3,219
114,240
6,497
5.2
62,527

188,286
125,706
66.8
119,285
63.4
1,688
117,597
3,307
114,290
6,421
5.1
62,580

89,504
68,685
76.7
64,931
72.5
1,529
63,402
3,754
5.5
20,819

89,577
68,604
76.6
65,015
72.6
1,540
63,475
3,589
5.2
20,973

89,637
68,569
76.5
64,976
72.5
1,526
63,450
3,593
5.2
21,068

89,716
68,686
76.6
65,074
72.5
1,542
63,532
3,612
5.3
21,030

89,792
68,638
76.4
65,055
72.5
1,534
63,521
3,583
5.2
21,154

89,914
69,032
76.8
65,322
72.6
1,532
63,790
3,710
5.4
20,882

89,973
69,113
76.8
65,572
72.9
1,521
64,051
3,540
5.1
20,860

90,032
69,190
76.9
65,920
73.2
1,521
64,399
3,270
4.7
20,842

90,094
69,360
77.0
65,767
73.0
1,521
64,246
3,593
5.2
20,734

90,167
69,114
76.7
65,713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,401
4.9
21,053

90,237
69,507
77.0
66,110
73.3
1,501
64,609
3,397
4.9
20,730

90,315
69,245
76.7
65,961
73.0
1,499
64,462
3,284
4.7
21,070

90,384
69,337
76.7
65,934
72.9
1,519
64,415
3,403
4.9
21,047

97,018
55,007
56.7
51,964
53.6
163
51,801
3,043
5.5
42,011

97,089
55,084
56.7
52,059
53.6
164
51,895
3,025
5.5
42,005

97,164
55,209
56.8
52,284
53.8
161
52,123
2,925
5.3
41,955

97,234
55,529
57.1
52,578
54.1
163
52,415
2,951
5.3
41,705

97,306
55,621
57.2
52,650
54.1
162
52,488
2,971
5.3
41,685

97,427
56,091
57.6
53,085
54.5
164
52,921
3,006
5.4
41,336

97,488
55,752
57.2
52,965
54.3
163
52,802
2,787
5.0
41,736

97,550
55,758
57.2
52,900
54.2
163
52,737
2,858
5.1
41,792

97,614
55,983
57.4
53,029
54.3
163
52,866
2,953
5.3
41,631

97,687
56,169
57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3
41,518

97,758
56,261
57.6
53,097
54.3
165
52,932
3,164
5.6
41,497

97,834
56,377
57.6
53,164
54.3
167
52,997
3,213
5.7
41,457

97,902
56,370
57.6
53,352
54.5
169
53,183
3,018
5.4
41,532

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
1
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36




Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1989

1988
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

184,830 184,962 185,114 185,244 185,402 185,644 185,777 185,897 186,024 186,181 186,329 186,483 186,598
122,000 121,984 122,091 122,510 122,563 123,428 123,181 123,264 123,659 123,610 124,102 123,956 124,018
66.5
66.6
66.4
66.5
66.3
66.5
66.1
66.1
66.0
66.5
66.0
66.0
66.3
115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597
63.0
63.1
63.0
63.0
63.0
62.9
62.6
62.6
62.4
63.0
62.4
62.9
62.3
6,497 6,421
6,546 6,395 6,561
6,563 6,554 6,716
6,518
6,797 6,614
6,328 6,128
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.1
5.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

80,669
62,916
78.0
59,839
74.2
2,273
57,566
3,077
4.9
17,753

80,751
62,884
77.9
59,979
74.3
2,249
57,730
2,905
4.6
17,867

80,851
62,915
77.8
60,004
74.2
2,315
57,689
2,911
4.6
17,936

80,924
62,995
77.8
59,999
74.1
2,313
57,686
2,996
4.8
17,929

81,001
63,002
77.8
60,049
74.1
2,292
57,757
2,953
4.7
17,999

81,162
63,358
78.1
60,420
74.4
2,277
58,143
2,938
4.6
17,804

81,256
63,490
78.1
60,636
74.6
2,320
58,316
2,853
4.5
17,766

81,333
63,557
78.1
60,869
74.8
2,317
58,552
2,688
4.2
17,776

81,413
63,709
78.3
60,757
74.6
2,252
58,505
2,952
4.6
17,704

81,524
63,503
77.9
60,798
74.6
2,284
58,514
2,705
4.3
18,021

81,592
63,831
78.2
61,093
74.9
2,256
58,837
2,737
4.3
17,761

81,679
63,656
77.9
60,921
74.6
2,342
58,579
2,734
4.3
18,023

81,754
63,643
77.8
60,853
74.4
2,364
58,489
2,790
4.4
18,111

89,670
50,959
56.8
48,492
54.1
609
47,883
2,467
4.8
38,711

89,735
50,991
56.8
48,535
54.1
638
47,897
2,456
4.8
38,744

89,807
51,201
57.0
48,788
54.3
640
48,148
2,413
4.7
38,606

89,887
51,558
57.4
49,113
54.6
640
48,473
2,445
4.7
38,329

89,954
51,587
57.3
49,165
54.7
646
48,519
2,422
4.7
38,367

90,072
51,998
57.7
49,543
55.0
715
48,827
2,455
4.7
38,074

90,153
51,821
57.5
49,514
54.9
666
48,849
2,306
4.5
38,332

90,242
51,851
57.5
49,484
54.8
664
48,819
2,367
4.6
38,391

90,318
51,992
57.6
49,544
54.9
615
48,929
2,448
4.7
38,326

90,432
52,171
57.7
49,690
54.9
628
49,062
2,480
4.8
38,261

90,526
52,231
57.7
49,661
54.9
610
49,051
2,570
4.9
38,295

90,607
52,463
57.9
49,850
55.0
627
49,223
2,613
5.0
38,144

90,684
52,373
57.8
49,905
55.0
644
49,261
2,468
4.7
38,311

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,491 14,477 14,456 14,433 14,447 14,410 14,367
7,871
7,975 7,957 7,974 8,071
8,109
8,125
56.0
55.2
55.1
55.2
56.0
54.8
56.1
6,835 6,795 6,748 6,703
6,872 6,856 6,781
46.8
47.0
47.4
46.9
47.4
46.7
47.4
307
255
283
237
285
289
260
6,466
6,567 6,498 6,550 6,540 6,441
6,612
1,194
1,323
1,179
1,122
1,253
1,253
1,168
16.4
14.8
14.1
15.0
15.5
15.4
14.8
6,476 6,473 6,339 6,496
6,366 6,368 6,481

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2




14,323 14,293 14,224 14,211 14,196 14,160
7,856 7,958 7,936 8,040 7,837 8,003
55.7
55.2
54.9
56.6
55.8
56.5
6,783 6,812
6,726 6,786 6,687 6,840
47.7
47.1
47.4
47.8
47.3
48.3
237
224
249
230
200
300
6,559 6,575 6,526 6,556 6,438 6,540
1,146
1,150
1,254
1,210
1,073
1,163
14.7
14.4
13.7
14.5
15.6
15.2
6,359 6,157
6,467 6,335 6,288 6,171

NOTE: The corrected May 1989 seasonal adjustment factor for
unemployed men, 20 years and over is .962.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1989
Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug,

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

158,340 158,422 158,524 158,603 158,705 158,865 158,947 159,020 159,098 159,200 159,297 159,400 159,470
105,013 105,036 105,051 105,395 105,411 106,106 105,798 105,988 106,312 106,164 106,455 106,424 106,446
66.8
66.8
66.3
66.5
66.8
66.8
66.8
66.7
66.7
66.4
66.6
66.3
66.3
99,907 100,058 100,199 100,543 100,567 101,183 101,278 101,554 101,458 101,465 101,693 101,581 101,670
63.8
63.8
63.2
63.4
63.7
63.7
63.8
63.9
63.7
63.4
63.7
63.2
63.1
5,106 4,978 4,852 4,852 4,844 4,923 4,521 4,434 4,854 4,699 4,762 4,843 4,777
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.3
4.7
4.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,864 54,839 54,861 54,922 54,898 55,213 55,308 55,382 55,448 55,249 55,557 55,437 55,377
78.7
78.7
78.5
78.4
78.3
78.6
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.2
78.6
78.4
78.3
52,487 52,579 52,612 52,624 52,636 53,007 53,197 53,387 53,246 53,248 53,500 53,343 53,282
75.4
75.8
75.5
75.5
75.8
75.1
75.0
75.0
75.5
75.3
75.1
75.6
75.0
2,249 2,298 2,262 2,205 2,111 1,995 2,202 2,001 2,057 2,094 2,095
2,377
2,260
4.0
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.8
4.3
4.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,149 43,191 43,298 43,625 43,644 43,936 43,770 43,780 44,016 44,084 44,050 44,302 44,169
57.1
57.4
57.2
56.9
57.2
56.5
56.9
56.9
57.2
56.9
56.4
56.4
57.2
41,378 41,413 41,583 41,889 41,930 42,201 42,177 42,115 42,207 42,282 42,236 42,411 42,372
54.7
54.8
54.2
54.6
54.6
54.9
55.0
54.9
54.8
54.1
54.8
54.1
54.9
1,798
1,771 1,778 1,715 1,736 1,714 1,734 1,593 1,665 1,8 iO 1,803 1,814 1,891
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.9
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.6
4.1
4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
.Unemployment rate
Men
Women

7,000
59.2
6,042
51.1
958
13.7
13.9
13.5

7,006
59.4
6,066
51.4
940
13.4
14.5
12.3

6,892
58.5
6,004
51.0
888
12.9
14.4
11.3

6,848
58.3
6,030
51.3
818
11.9
12.6
11.3

6,869
58.6
6,001
51.2
868
12.6
13.4
11.8

6,958
59.6
5,975
51.1
983
14.1
16.4
11.7

6,720
57.7
5,904
50.7
816
12.1
14.0
10.2

6,826
58.7
6,052
52.1
774
11.3
12.3
10.2

6,848
59.0
6,005
51.8
843
12.3
13.1
11.5

6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1
14.8
11.2

6,848
59.2
5,957
51.5
891
13.0
13.4
12.6

6,685
57.9
5,827
50.5
858
12.8
12.4
13.4

6,900
60.0
6,016
52.3
884
12.8
12.9
12.7

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,736 20,762 20,786 20,811 20,842 20,877 20,905 20,930 20,956 20,986 21,012 21,038 21,060
13,236 13,201 13,290 13,330 13,405 13,477 13,476 13,425 13,287 13,444 13,600 13,555 13,448
64.1
64.1
64.4
64.7
63.4
63.9
64.3
64.6
64.1
64.5
63.6
63.9
63.8
11,733 11,758 11,807 11,831 11,856 11,860 11,873 11,961 11,846 11,968 11,982 12,082 11,958
57.4
57.1
57.0
56.5
57.0
56.8
56.8
56.8
56.9
56.8
56.8
56.6
56.6
1,503 1,443 1,483 1,499 1,549 1,617 1,603 1,464 1,442 1,476 1,618 1,473 1,490
10.8
11.0
11.2
11.6
11.9
11.1
10.9
10.9
11.9
10.9
11.2
12.0
11.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,157
74.6
5,566
67.4
591
9.6

6,146
74.3
5,545
67.1
601
9.8

6,179
74.6
5,561
67.1
618
10.0

6,226
75.0
5,576
67.2
650
10.4

6,199
74.6
5,549
66.7
650
10.5

6,230
74.8
5,620
67.5
611

9.7

6,117
74.2
5,563
67.5
554
9.1

9.8

5,554
66.6
617
10.0

6,188
60.0
5,571
54.0
617
10.0

6,174
59.8
5,575
54.0
599
9.7

6,234
60.2
5,620
54.3
614

6,280
60.6
5,663
54.6
617

6,316
60.9

9.8

9.8

6,369
61.2
5,706
54.9
663
10.4

6,349
61.0
5,697
54.7
651
10.3

6,315
60.5
5,739
55.0
576
9.1

6,227
59.6
5,677
54.3
550
8.8

6,131
74.5
5,539
67.3
592

6,171
74.0

6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
586
9.4

6,200
74.1

6,205
74.1

5,619
67.2
9.4

5,629
67.2
576
9.3

6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9
600

6,405
61.2
5,732
54.7
674
10.5

6,394
61.0
5,759
54.9
635
9.9

581

6,189
73.8
5,580
66.6
609
9.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38




5,654
54.5
662
10.5

9.5

6,359
60.5
5,762
54.9
597

9.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1989
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

917
42.0
623
28.5
294
32.1
32.1
32.0

910
41.7
620
28.4
290
31.9
31.9
31.9

904
41.5
623
28.6
281
31.1
32.1
29.9

899
41.2
621
28.5
278
30.9
32.8
28.6

910
41.7
641
29.4
269
29.6
29.8
29.3

881
40.5
577
26.5
304
34.5
36.7
32.0

928
42.7
627
28.8
301
32.4
33.1
31.6

880
40.5
602
27.7
278
31.6
28.6
34.8

897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4

889
40.9
615
28.3
274
30.8
35.5
26.2

994
45.7
631
29.0
363
36.5
33.5
40.2

956
44.0
694
31.9
262
27.4
22.1
33.1

900
41.4
616
28.3
284
31.6
30.0
33.4

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,381 13,419 13,458 13,495 13,533 13,564 13,606 13,649 13,690 13,731 13,772 13,813 13,853
8,963 9,061 9,075 9,148 9,133 9,205 9,219 9,210 9,262 9,428 9,272 9,433 9,364
67.7
68.3
67.3
68.7
67.8
67.6
67.5
67.9
67.5
67.8
67.4
67.5
67.0
8,214 8,378 8,368 8,419 8,441 8,434 8,596 8,607 8,495 8,686 8,524 8,587 8,521
61.9
62.4
62.4
61.5
62.2
63.3
62.1
63.1
63.2
62.2
62.2
62.4
61.4
846
748
742
767
603
624
771
692
729
843
707
749
683
9.0
8.1
7.9
8.3
6.8
8.4
9.0
6.5
7.6
8.0
8.4
7.8
7.5

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597
40,511 40,513 40,504 40,407 40,483 40,925 40,928 41,083 40,890 40,902 41,102 41,089 40,636
28,809 28,836 28,890 28,995 29,053 29,589 29,412 29,569 29,656 29,739 29,481 29,552 29,220
6,280 6,253 6,344 6,375 6,399 6,416 6,385 6,256 6,243 6,331
6,403 6,456 6,342

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,607
1,411
158

1,612
1,421
137

1,661
1,405
177

1,672
1,450
125

1,6
1,349
149

1,684
1,387
189

1,645
1,419
150

1,656
1,403
138

1,554
1,419
124

1,610
1,358
127

1,550
1,412
126

1,695
1,434
126

1,803
1,420
137

103,207
17,111
86,096
1,128
84,968
8,508
241

103,501
17,145
86,356
1,119
85,237
8,570
230

103,733
17,240
86,493
1,152
85,341
8,479
232

103,770
17,387
86,383
1,209
85,174
8,619
300

103,904
17,423
86,481
1,210
85,271
8,602
266

104,510
17,393
87,117
1,196
85,921
8,718
298

104,797
17,311
87,486
1,135
86,350
8,517
285

104,982
17,382
87,600
1,163
86,437
8,645
332

104,985
17,180
87,806
1,117
86,689
8,671
281

105,245
17,230
88,015
1,128
86,887
8,516
322

105,519
17,261
88,259
1,140
87,118
8,570
241

105,321
17,519
87,803
1,093
86,710
8,606
239

105,259
17,591
87,668
1,146
86,522
8,625
264

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,192 5,097 4,963 5,061 5,321 5,097 4,981 4,968 5,143 4,837 4,957 4,750 4,785
2,315 2,266 2,220 2,279 2,549 2,302 2,303 2,232 2,373 2,296 2,318 2,311 2,282
2,473 2,389 2,399 2,375 2,410 2,352 2,333 2,393 2,425 2,343 2,289 2,138 2,107
14,999 15,270 15,161 15,446 15,363 15,401 15,126 15,561 15,498 15,316 15,416 15,652 15,614

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,972 4,862 4,727 4,819 5,033 4,837 4,697 4,709 4,930 4,609 4,801 4,505 4,553
2,171 2,102 2,095 2,116 2,377 2,144 2,105 2,048 2,243 2,102 2,190 2,185 2,129
2,408 2,317 2,319 2,288 2,307 2,283 2,272 2,317 2,369 2,301 2,236 2,057 2,024
14,564 14,819 14,679 14,986 14,928 14,970 14,688 15,127 15,060 14,976 14,977 15,219 15,094

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Sex and age
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over ...,
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

115,203 115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597
20,123 20,050
6,872 6,856
2,669
2,671
4,195
4,148
13,251 13,194
95,145 95,332
80,608 80,697
14,583 14,664

19,930
6,781

2,689
4,090
13,149

95,619
80,950
14,690

19,877 19,852 19,741 19,797 19,996
6,835 6,795 6,748 6,703 6,783
2,686 2,602 2,563 2,639
2,770
4,150 4,125 4,163 4,186
4,045
13,042 13,057 12,993 13,095 13,213
96,062 96,151 96,988 97,020 97,125
81,242 81,399 82,036 82,160 82,165
14,790 14,771 14,924 14,803 14,933

19,959 19,796 19,877
6,786 6,687 6,840
2,593 2,526 2,439 2,563
4,123 4,221 4,244 4,245
13,059 13,173 13,109 13,038
97,384 97,602 97,740 97,758
82,436 82,721 82,852 83,066
14,928 14,948 14,863 14,912 14,727

19,899
6,812
2,639
4,177
13,088
97,167
82,204

19,784
6,726

63,402 63,475 63,450 63,532 63,521 63,790 64,051 64,399 64,246 64,202 64,609 64,462 64,415
10,475 10,401 10,303 10,379 10,288 10,198 10,377 10,530 10,385 10,243 10,412 10,303 10,301
3,530 3,489 3,403 3,515 3,540 3,562
3,563 3,496 3,446 3,533 3,472 3,370 3,415
1,397 1,404 1,433 1,385 1,270 1,298 1,377 1,338 1,304 1,296 1,273 1,379
1,395
2,126 2,106 2,040 2,105 2,135 2,088 2,134 2,179 2,149 2,089 2,206 2,264 2,163
6,912 6,905 6,857 6,846 6,816 6,828 6,962 7,000 6,896 6,839 6,897 6,763 6,739
52,983 53,072 53,136 53,152 53,227 53,573 53,659 53,897 53,842 53,949 54,222 54,208 54,155
44,471 44,577 44,669 44,712 44,779 45,001 45,091 45,278 45,163 45,398 45,619 45,644 45,725
8,643 8,543 8,589 8,605 8,430
8,536 8,603
8,502 8,482 8,436 8,470 8,563
8,514
51,801 51,895 52,123 52,415 52,488 52,921
9,648

3,309
1,276
2,022

6,339
42,162
36,137
6,069

9,649
3,360
1,272
2,089

9,627
3,335

9,498
3,302

9,564
3,323

1,285 1,337 1,301
2,050 1,940 2,015
6,289 6,292 6,196 6,241
42,260 42,483 42,910 42,924
36,120 36,281 36,530 36,620
6,208 6,354 6,301
6,162

52,802 52,737

52,866 53,013 52,932 52,997 53,183

9,543 9,420 9,466 9,515 9,541 9,547 9,493 9,576
3,378 3,287 3,253 3,323 3,322 3,271 3,147 3,278
1,289
1,332 1,265 1,262 1,301
1,230 1,166 1,184
2,037 2,029 2,007 2,028 2,034 2,015 1,980 2,082
6,165 6,133 6,213 6,192 6,219 6,276 6,346 6,298
43,415 43,361 43,228 43,325 43,434 43,379 43,533 43,603
37,035 37,069 36,886 37,042 37,039 37,102 37,208 37,341
6,361 6,267 6,331 6,285 6,404 6,274 6,306 6,297

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1989

1988
Sex and age
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over

40




Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

6,797

6,614

6,518

6,563

6,554

6,716

6,328

6,128

6,546

6,395

6,561

6,497

6,421

2,476
1,253
605
660
1,223
4,334
3,828
475

2,457
1,253
650
615
1,204
4,179
3,733
436

2,429
1,194
559
629
1,235
4,061
3,651
419

2,363
1,122
520
599
1,241
4,193
3,739
433

2,421
1,179
535
637
1,242
4,125
3,687
457

2,663
1,323
581
751
1,340
4,101
3,632
474

2,316
1,168
572
605
1,148
4,026
3,559
466

2,182
1,073
477
597
1,109
3,921
3,542
396

2,344
1,146
463
667
1,198
4,191
3,761
451

2,303
1,210
500
701
1,093
4,074
3,628
453

2,544
1,254
535
737
1,290
4,036
3,503
515

2,381
1,150
529
603
1,231
4,099
3,641
485

2,420
1,163
565
609
1,257
4,031
3,556
468

3,754

3,589

3,593

3,612

3,583

3,710

3,540

3,270

3,593

3,401

3,397

3,284

3,403

1,351
677
301
362
674
2,417
2,088
298

1,329
684
367
329
645
2,270
2,014
255

1,376
682
318
360
694
2,195
1,946
266

1,274
616
300
314
658
2,331
2,050
275

1,280
630
290
333
650
2,296
1,999
286

1,494
772
330
455
722
2,245
1,986
269

1,302
687
317
379
615
2,246
1,943
303

1,128
582
258
330
546
2,136
1,890
246

1,238
641
274
368
597
2,344
2,076
283

1,270
696
301
390
574
2,099
1,845
258

1,358
660
323
347
698
2,057
1,768
270

1,196
550
268
270
646
2,095
1,840
274

1,328
613
290
315
715
2,106
1,800
291

3,043

3,025

2,925

2,951

2,971

3,006

2,787

2,858

2,953

2,994

3,164

3,213

3,018

1,128
569
283
286
559
1,909
1,719
181

1,053
512
241
269
541
1,866
1,705
153

1,089
506
220
285
583
1,862
1,689
158

1,141
549
245
304
592
1,829
1,688
171

1,169
551
251
296
618
1,856
1,646
205

1,014
481
255
226
533
1,780
1,616
164

1,054
491
219
267
563
1,784
1,652
151

1,106
505
189
299
601
1,847
1,685
169

1,034
514
199
311
520
1,975
1,782
195

1,186
594
212
390
592
1,979
1,735
245

1,185
600
261
333
585
2,004
1,801
211

1,092
550
275
294
542
1,925
1,756
178

1,125
576
304
298
549
1,917
1,740
177

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1988

1989

Sex and age
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

10.9
15.0
17.2
13.3
8.6
4.1
4.3
2.8

10.6
14.1
15.8
12.9
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.8

10.9
14.8
16.6
13.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0

11.9
16.4
18.3
15.4
9.3
4.1
4.2
3.1

10.5
14.8
18.2
12.7
8.1
4.0
4.2
3.1

9.8
13.7
15.3
12.5
7.7
3.9
4.1
2.6

10.5
14.4
14.9
13.8
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

10.4
15.2
16.2
14.5
7.7
4.0
4.2
2.9

11.3
15.6
17.5
14.9
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.3

10.7
14.7
17.8
12.4
8.6
4.0
4.2
3.1

10.9
14.5
18.1
12.5
8.8
4.0
4.1
3.1

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.5

5.2

4.8

5.3

5.0

5.0

4.8

5.0

11.3
16.4
20.8
13.5
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.9

11.8
16.5
18.5
15.0
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.0

10.9
14.8
17.3
13.0
8.8
4.2
4.4
3.2

11.1
15.4
17.3
13.5
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.3

12.8
18.6
20.6
17.9
9.6
4.0
4.2
3.0

11.1
16.7
19.6
15.1
8.1
4.0
4.1
3.4

9.7
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.2
3.8
4.0
2.8

10.7
15.5
17.0
14.6
8.0
4.2
4.4
3.2

11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.9

11.5
15.8
20.0
13.6
9.2
3.7
3.7
3.0

10.4
13.4
17.4
10.7
8.7
3.7
3.9
3.1

11.4
14.7
17.4
12.7
9.6
3.7
3.8
3.3

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.3

5.6

5.7

5.4

10.4
14.8
19.2
12.8
8.0
4.3
4.6
2.8

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5.4
10.9
15.5
19.6
12.8
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.9

11.4
16.0
17.7
14.5
8.9
4.4
4.5
3.4

Men, 16 years and over ....

5.6
11.0
15.4
18.5
13.7
8.4
4.4
4.5
3.2

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

10.5
14.5
18.2
12.0
8.2
4.3
4.5
2.9

9.9
13.3
15.8
11.6
7.9
4.2
4.5
2.4

10.3
13.3
14.1
12.8
8.6
4.2
4.4
2.4

10.7
14.2
15.8
13.1
8.7
4.1
4.4
2.6

10.9
14.0
15.9
12.7
9.1
4.1
4.3
3.1

9.7
12.8
16.8
10.0
8.0
3.9
4.2
2.5

10.0
13.1
14.8
11.7
8.3
4.0
4.3
2.3

10.4
13.2
12.7
12.8
8.9
4.1
4.4
2.6

9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3
7.7
4.4
4.6
3.0

11.0
15.4
14.7
16.2
8.6
4.4
4.5
3.8

11.1
16.0
18.3
14.4
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

10.2
14.4
18.8
12.4

7.9
4.2
4.5
2.7

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1988

1989

Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

5.6
4.9
4.8
15.4

5.4
4.6
4.8
15.5

5.3
4.6
4.7
15.0

5.4
4.8
4.7
14.1

5.3
4.7
4.7
14.8

5.4
4.6
4.7
16.4

5.1
4.5
4.5

14.8

5.0
4.2
4.6
13.7

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.4

5.2
4.3
4.8
15.2

5.3
4.3
4.9
15.6

5.2
4.3
5.0
14.7

5.2
4.4
4.7
14.5

4.9
10.0
11.4
8.4

4.7
9.5
10.9
7.5

4.6
9.8
11.2
7.8

4.6
10.0
11.2
8.0

4.6
10.0
11.6
7.6

4.6
10.6
12.0
8.4

4.3
10.6
11.9
6.8

4.2
9.8
10.9
6.5

4.6
9.6
10.8
8.3

4.4
9.5
11.0
7.9

4.5
10.3
11.9
8.1

4.6
9.6
10.9
9.0

4.5
9.5
11.1
9.0

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.1
3.8
8.1

3.1
3.7
7.9

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.1
3.7
8.2

3.1
3.6
8.0

3.1
3.4
8.0

2.9
3.5
7.9

3.2
4.0
7.6

2.9
3.8
8.3

2.8
3.8
7.9

2.9
3.8
8.7

3.1
3.9
8.0

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.3
7.4
1.3
6.4

5.1
7.4
1.3
6.3

5.0
7.4
1.3
6.1

5.0
7.1
1.2
6.2

5.1
7.0
1.2
6.3

5.0
7.9
1.2
6.2

4.8
7.3
1.1
5.9

4.8
6.2
1.1
5.8

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.8
6.9
1.1
5.9

4.8
7.7
1.0
6.1

4.9
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.9
6.9
1.1
5.9

5.6
6.7
7.0
10.7
5.5
5.0
6.3
5.1
3.8
6.4
4.4
2.9
11.0

5.4
6.4
8.6
9.6
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.7
10.8

5.4
6.4
8.8
10.0
5.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.6

5.5
6.4
8.9
10.6
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.0
6.2
4.6
2.5
9.3

5.4
6.4
7.7
10.4
5.2
5.0
5.5
4.9
3.8
6.3
4.1
2.7
8.8

5.6
6.4
6.1
10.4
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.7
2.7
9.5

5.1
6.1
8.0
10.0
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
5.6
4.3
2.7
8.9

5.0
5.8
7.0
9.4
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.9

5.4
6.0
5.6
9.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.9
4.8
2.7
10.5

5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3

5.3
6.2
3.7
10.0
5.2
4.6
6.1
4.9
4.4
6.0
4.3
3.0
11.0

5.4
6.2
5.5
10.5
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.2
6.2
4.4
2.8
8.5

5.4
6.4
6.5
10.3
5.2
4.8
5.9
4.9
3.6
6.0
4.4
2.7
8.6

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over ..
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
' Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




10.2

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989

1988
Weeks of unemployment
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

3,158
1,956
1,636
831
805

3,116
1,896
1,568
775
793

3,059
1,835
1,554
788
766

3,117
1,935
1,502
787
715

3,029
2,039
1,495
758
737

3,181
2,081
1,512
757
755

3,247
1,865
1,304
665
639

3,055
1,821
1,310
648
663

3,090
2,034
1,426
689
737

3,041
2,017
1,313
702
611

3,309
1,999
1,258
659
599

3,149
1,927
1,472
846
626

3,071
2,011
1,305
737
567

13.5
5.9

13.5
5.7

13.4
5.7

12.6
5.6

12.8
5.8

12.7
5.7

12.1
5.3

12.4
5.4

12.7
5.4

11.8
5.3

11.1
5.5

12.0
5.6

11.3
5.0

100.0
46.8
29.0
24.2
12.3
11.9

100.0
47.4
28.8
23.8
11.8
12.1

100.0
47.4
28.5
24.1
12.2
11.9

100.0
47.6
29.5
22.9
12.0
10.9

100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
11.5
11.2

100.0
47.0
30.7
22.3
11.2
11.1

100.0
50.6
29.1
20.3
10.4
10.0

100.0
49.4
29.4
21.2
10.5
10.7

100.0
47.2
31.1
21.8
10.5
11.3

100.0
47.7
31.7
20.6
11.0
9.6

100.0
50.4
30.4
19.2
10.0
9.1

100.0
48.1
29.4
22.5
12.9
9.6

100.0
48.1
31.5
20.4
11.5
8.9

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks

....

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989

1988
Reasons for unemployment
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

3,112
880
2,232
986
1,843
800

3,079
833
2,246
985
1,767
761

2,951
844
2,107
984
1,747
747

3,031
814
2,217
963
1,766
799

3,066
819
2,247
998
1,725
799

3,121
827
2,294
985
1,835
780

2,876
774
2,102
985
1,740
765

2,831
808
2,023
885
1,730
713

2,984
847
2,137
978
1,894
671

2,724
790
1,934
1,114
1,852
683

2,765
806
1,958
1,023
2,051
742

2,920
822
2,097
1,010
1,934
724

2,984
873
2,111
1,040
1,768
628

100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.6
27.3
11.9

100.0
46.7
12.6
34.1
14.9
26.8
11.5

100.0
45.9
13.1
32.8
15.3
27.2
11.6

100.0
46.2
12.4
33.8
14.7
26.9
12.2

100.0
46.5
12.4
34.1
15.1
26.2
12.1

100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
14.7
27.3
11.6

100.0
45.2
12.2
33.0
15.5
27.3
12.0

100.0
46.0
13.1
32.8
14.4
28.1
11.6

100.0
45.7
13.0
32.7
15.0
29.0
10.3

100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7

100.0
42.0
12.3
29.8
15.5
31.2
11.3

100.0
44.3
12.5
31.8
15.3
29.4
11.0

100.0
46.5
13.6
32.9
16.2
27.5
9.8

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.3
.8
1.4
.6

2.3
.7
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.2
.8
1.7
.6

2.4
.8
1.6
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.5

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

42




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing
Transportation
and
public
utilities

Manufacturing

Total

10,794
9,440
10,278

18,075
17,793
18,306

3,134
2,863
2,936

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages
1937
1938
1939

31,011
29,194
30,603

27,255
25,311
26,608

12,936
11,401
12,297

1,015
891
854

1,127
1,070
1,165

1940

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,584

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,032
85,190
88,212

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,249

1,027
1,139
1,128

1941
1942
1943

1944
1945

1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951

1952
1953
1954

1955
1956
1957
1958

19592
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

1970
1971

1972
1973
1974

1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981

1982
1983
1984

1985
1986
1987
1988

952
966
927
777
717
721

1,762

O
(1)

4,664

1,417
1,410
1,447

3,503
3,458
3,502

(1)
(1)
905

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996

1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,125

20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,403

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,335

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,548

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,844
6,029

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,483
19,110

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,676

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,236
25,600

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,063

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339

V)
0

(1)
(1)

0
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
1
(1)
()
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1988:
August
September
October
November
December

105,954
106,207
106,475
106,824
107,097

88,578
88,736
88,991
89,299
89,574

25,303
25,313
25,384
25,460
25,513

725
719
717
712
711

5,153
5,163
5,162
5,191
5,213

19,425
19,431
19,505
19,557
19,589

80,651
80,894
81,091
81,364
81,584

5,572
5,581
5,596
5,616
5,634

6,051
6,071
6,086
6,104
6,125

19,182
19,188
19,229
19,282
19,328

6,686
6,695
6,710
6,726
6,744

25,784
25,888
25,986
26,111
26,230

2,967
2,985
2,986
2,983
2,981

4,079
4,088
4,081
4,085
4,085

10,330
10,398
10,417
10,457
10,457

107,442
107,711
107,888
108,101
108,310
108,607
108,791
108,901

89,897
90,124
90,291
90,475
90,623
90,884
91,030
91,083

25,626
25,629
25,646
25,671
25,672
25,648
25,683
25,724

711
711
714
720
722
715
707
729

5,267
5,270
5,252
5,279
5,283
5,283
5,317
5,325

19,648
19,648
19,680
19,672
19,667
19,650
19,659
19,670

81,816
82,082
82,242
82,430
82,638
82,959
83,108
83,177

5,654
5,667
5,666
5,682
5,700
5,716
5,741
5,619

6,146
6,171
6,197
6,206
6,222
6,230
6,240
6,246

19,407
19,460
19,488
19,489
19,528
19,551
19,582
19,601

6,746
6,763
6,774
6,776
6,790
6,808
6,812
6,836

26,318
26,434
26,520
26,651
26,711
26,931
26,972
27,057

2,978
2,982
2,982
2,982
2,999
2,995
2,999
3,004

4,084
4,095
4,102
4,111
4,119
4,136
4,161
4,176

10,483
10,510
10,513
10,533
10,569
10,592
10,601
10,638

1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July?
Augustp
1

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1985) are subject to revision.

43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989 P

530

515

510

64.4
9.8
14.2

40.6
6.8
10.4

42.1
6.9
10.7

50.2
7.9
11.2

Aug.
1989P

51.1
8.1
11.2

122.4
120.7

122.0
120.2

108.3
106.4

97.0
95.2

274.3
101.7
172.6

274.5
101.0
173.5

263.0
97.8
165.2

268.7
98.1
170.6

91.1
34.2

91.4
34.2

93.0
34.6

93.1
34.5

4,311

4,353

4,308

4,429

734

719

715

52.7
8.41
13.4

53.9
8.4
13.7

63.1
9.6
14.1

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

150.0
148.0

150.0
147.9

134.3
132.1

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

411.4
202.7
208.7

411.4
201.9
209.5

400.9
198.8
202.1

406.6
199.1
207.5

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

118.3
43.2
37.9
16.8

118.7
43.2
38.0
17.1

121.0
43.5
38.6
18.0

121.2
43.5
38.8
18.0

5,451

5,497

5,494

5,625

739

123.2
121.1

14
142
144
147

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

407.8

5,682

833.0
294.1
538.9

850.3
298.6
551.7

849.3
281.2
568.1

705.5
248.8
456.7

867.5
288.4
579.1

3,174.1 3,197.6 3,214.8 3,293.3
678.3
680.6 680.3 690.5
188.4
191.1
189.0
197.3
563.5
568.0
563.3 574.8
533.3
538.9
531.1
544.8
202.0
204.5
207.8 210.5
222.2 227.1
224.5 236.4

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

4,488

19,748

13,179

782.4
96.9
206.4
168.8
33.9
276.8
112.0
73.4
24.0
37.1
44.4
72.8
47.4
85.1

784.5
96.8
207.2
169.0
34.5
277.3
111.4
73.7
24.5
37.4
44.4
72.9
48.3
85.9

721.5
252.6
468.9

713.2
234.9
478.3

730.4
241.9
488.5

2,532.9 2,553.0 2,547.5 2,619.4
506.0
507.6 503.7 512.6
161.0
162.8
166.4
158.9
441.4
446.0 436.2 446.9
463.9
468.7 458.0 470.6
158.2
160.2
165.8
162.9
178.3
183.1
191.0
178.9

11,415 11,448

Durable goods

533

1,443.6 1,449.4 1,430.0 1,464.0 1,481.9 1,072.6 1,078.7 1,047.2 1,079.6
773.8 775.8 775.6 793.0
563.9
566.1
556.4
573.1
50.0
49.4
46.5
23.4
46.3
22.7
20.6
20.8
619.8 624.2
624.5
608.1
485.3 489.9 470.2
485.7

19,364 19,504 19,759 19,577

Manufacturing




July
1989P

528

732

Mining

44

June
1989

89,120 89,431 91,742 91,746 91,974 72,201 72,498 74,343 74,317 74,505

Total private

See footnotes at end of table.

Aug.
1988

105,560 105,729 109,534 108,562 108,680

Total

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Mill work, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

July
1988

13,320 13,487

13,302

13,475

11,631

11,493

11,550

7,591

7,628

7,760

7,620

7,682

786.3
97.0
211.4
171.9
35.9
276.8
110.5
72.8
24.9
37.6
43.9
70.9
49.7
86.3

786.8
101.3
210.8
172.5
34.9
274.4
109.3
71.9
24.5
37.5
43.9
71.9
49.9
84.5

789.0

653.5
80.7
182.0
149.0
29.8
228.4
91.2
58.8
21.0
33.5
37.8
55.3
38.6
69.3

656.0
80.8
182.4
148.7
30.5
228.8
90.6
59.2
21.4
33.7
37.9
56.0
39.9
70.1

653.6
80.0
185.0
150.5
31.5
227.0
89.1
58.2
21.6
33.9
37.2
53.9
40.4
70.5

655.0
84.1
184.5
151.2
30.5
225.0
88.1
57.5
21.2
33.9
37.1
55.3
40.9
69.0

656.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Pnrlo

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Production workers

All employees
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

519.0
297.6
132.6
98.4
24.0
30.3
70.9
33.3
79.6
37.6

526.9
304.4
137.8
99.7
23.2
30.9
70.7
33.7
79.8
38.3

531.9
308.0
137.1
102.3
24.6
30.4
70.2
34.9
80.5
38.3

522.4
299.3
134.0
100.1
22.6
29.3
70.6
33.0
81.0
38.5

529.0
_

412.1
250.5
115.3
82.6
19.0
23.5
53.3
25.9
57.3
25.1

419.9
256.5
120.4
83.5
18.1
24.1
53.2
26.3
58.2
25.7

424.0
260.2
120.0
85.6
19.6
23.4
52.5
27.3
58.1
25.9

413.8
251.8
116.8
83.6
17.6
22.5
51.9
25.5
58.5
26.1

421.1
_

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

612.4
16.0
85.4
44.4
41.0
54.9
20.2
39.5
37.4
224.7
21.4
74.8
108.4
120.4
22.2
9.0
26.5

612.7
15.9
86.2
44.5
41.7
55.4
20.2
39.5
37.4
223.6
21.1
75.0
107.7
120.1
22.1
9.1
26.5

616.0
16.4
84.6
42.9
41.7
56.2
20.0
38.7
38.9
223.0
19.9
76.8
106.3
122.2
22.9
8.9
26.7

611.9
15.3
83.6
42.6
41.0
55.3
20.1
38.4
38.6
224.3
19.9
77.0
107.5
120.9
22.7
8.8
26.6

615.2
_

478.4
12.5
73.9
40.4
33.5
41.6
15.6
30.9
29.9
174.6
14.1
57.2
87.7
88.6
15.4
6.8
-

479.3
12.5
74.7
40.5
34.2
42.1
15.5
30.8
29.8
173.9
13.8
57.6
87.1
88.7
15.4
6.9
-

480.2
13.3
73.1
38.9
34.2
43.1
15.4
30.0
30.7
172.2
13.1
58.7
85.0
90.0
16.6
6.6
-

475.9
12.1
72.0
38.6
33.4
42.3
15.5
29.8
30.6
173.3
12.9
58.9
86.1
88.6
16.3
6.5
-

480.3
_

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

770.1
279.2
209.5
25.1
137.0
83.9
9.1
29.2
44.4
26.3
177.6
22.9
28.0
74.4
86.9
53.9

772.8
277.1
208.1
25.0
137.9
85.2
8.8
29.1
44.7
26.4
180.6
23.5
28.1
76.5
87.4
54.0

790.6
277.7
208.4
25.0
144.9
87.9
9.3
31.5
46.1
27.3
183.0
23.8
28.0
111
91.9
54.8

776.4
276.9
208.2
25.0
140.1
83.1
9.4
31.3
45.9
27.2
178.4
23.0
27.7
74.6
88.5
52.1

783.4
277.2
_

588.2
216.8
164.1
18.9
109.5
68.3
6.8
22.8
32.6
19.8
126.6
17.3
19.4
53.3
69.6
44.2

591.7
215.2
163.1
19.0
110.7
69.6
6.5
23.0
33.0
20.0
129.6
18.0
19.3
55.5
70.1
44.2

605.0
214.4
162.3
18.8
116.2
72.2
7.4
24.8
34.5
21.1
131.5
18.4
18.7
56.8
73.5
44.6

591.5
213.3
161.9
18.8
111.1
67.7
6.9
24.6
34.5
21.1
127.8
17.6
18.4
54.4
70.2
42.0

597.5
213.6
_

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

1,422.1 1,430.4 1,455.8 1,430.0 1,436.8 1,057.1 1,064.9 1,080.8 1,056.9 1,064.0
_
53.2
53.4
53.2
53.8
45.8
46.2
45.9
45.9
42.6
42.7
37.0
37.2
37.2
42.3
42.8
36.8
135.4
132.4
138.7
101.4
137.8
97.1
99.8
101.8
44.9
47.1
33.8
45.8
47.0
33.3
32.5
33.9
78.3
76.4
80.7
79.9
58.6
60.3
60.4
57.0
44.0
43.8
60.2
43.4
60.3
60.6
60.0
43.3
25.7
24.8
18.2
18.0
26.2
24.8
18.8
19.5
15.1
21.8
21.8
21.8
22.5
14.8
14.8
15.8
432.4 432.9 438.8 438.3
313.5
310.0 310.1 314.3
78.2
79.1
56.7
79.1
55.8
77.0
56.8
56.8
61.8
61.7
63.4
63.7
84.6
84.6
86.3
86.0
73.3
67.0
68.6
108.2
106.8
102.5
101.2
72.1
100.5
101.0
100.7
75.7
75.6
75.3
75.7
100.3
32.4
33.2
33.5
32.5
24.2
24.0
24.0
24.3

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee .
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

1972
SIC
Code

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471

3479
348
3483
349

3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ..
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362

See footnotes at end of table.

46




3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566

3568
357
3573
358
3585

359
3592
3599

3621
3622
363

3632
3633
3634

Production workers1

All employees
July
1988

98.7
49.1
49.6

Aug.
1988

223.5
30.9
98.2
81.8

99.7
49.3
50.4
224.8
31.2
98.2
82.9

119.0
77.4
41.6
76.3
42.3
221.0
75.8
53.5

121.0
78.8
42.2
76.3
42.4
223.5
76.4
54.0

June
1989

101.4
49.9
51.5
233.7
33.1
103.7
84.1
130.6
84.8
45.8
72.1
40.0

229.4
79.3
56.3

July
1989P

99.2
48.6
50.6
221.4
32.8
96.2
79.8

Aug.
1989P

July
1988

126.3
81.1
45.2
71.7
39.8

75.4
40.4
35.0
177.3
23.6
82.4
62.0
94.9
62.2
32.7
48.2
24.0

227.3
79.2
55.8

160.6
51.1
40.7

Aug.
1988

76.5
40.6
35.9

178.5
24.0
82.2
63.0
96.9
63.6
33.3
48.4
24.3
163.0
51.5
41.3

June
1989

July
1989P

77.2
40.5
36.7
186.2
25.5
87.1
63.9
103.8
67.9
35.9
43.3
21.0

75.2
39.3
35.9
174.8
25.3
79.7
60.3
99.9
64.7
35.2
43.2
20.9

166.0
53.1
43.0

Aug.
1989P

164.1
52.9
42.6

2,082.9 2,084.1 2,161.3 2,147.7 2,145.7 1,247.6 1,247.6 1,309.1 1,295.9 1,296.9
62.5
97.8
96.9
61.6
64.0
63.2
93.0
94.1
14.6
14.4
16.6
24.7
28.3
28.4
16.6
24.9
47.9
47.2
47.4
69.5
68.5
46.6
68.3
69.2
70.6
71.7
107.9
104.7
78.0
74.6
102.0
100.3
52.2
52.0
80.4
56.9
76.3
76.0
79.6
55.8
147.6
140.7
145.4
140.2
229.3 230.3 239.9 237.3
51.6
51.6
87.4
86.2
54.6
53.7
82.8
82.8
10.2
10.1
10.4
16.8
16.4
10.1
16.5
16.5
25.5
25.6
42.6
25.0
42.3
42.4
41.9
24.5
19.1
18.9
37.1
20.2
20.0
35.3
35.7
36.9
18.7
18.7
27.1
28.6
28.6
19.6
19.6
27.3
244.4
224.8
240.5
222.8
312.0 314.3 337.6 334.5
31.2
35.7
30.9
54.3
54.3
35.5
49.0
49.3
11.8
11.8
12.7
19.6
19.7
12.6
18.5
18.5
113.4 122.1 120.0
157.8
156.0
112.3
146.8
148.2
41.3
44.4
40.8
62.2
43.8
57.6
58.1
61.9
16.4
16.0
17.0
23.9
22.9
16.1
22.6
22.2
103.3 107.5 106.7
102.3
171.2 172.4 180.0 178.7
20.9
22.0
21.0
36.4
36.4
22.1
35.1
35.0
14.0
13.7
14.0
13.8
21.2
20.8
20.6
20.9
17.8
17.5
17.3
17.3
29.6
29.5
28.8
29.0
160.2
160.6
167.5 166.9
257.9
257.8
249.7 249.4
25.7
25.7
26.8
26.8
44.6
46.1
46.0
44.3
32.1
32.6
34.5
34.2
41.7
44.2
44.1
42.2
13.1
13.2
13.1
13.1
22.6
23.0
23.1
22.7
19.6
19.8
21.6
21.7
30.6
31.9
32.2
30.8
11.7
11.7
12.3
12.3
17.1
17.7
17.6
16.9
12.4
12.2
12.8
12.9
18.9
19.0
18.2
18.3
154.3 155.0 156.7
154.2
476.9 477.9
475.6
476.6
129.0 129.7 131.4
128.3
421.4 421.8 422.2
420.0
191.6 191.0
134.3 131.8 138.7 137.7
183.7
185.9
94.0 100.6 100.2
96.4
129.8 127.6 134.7 134.6
199.4 206.4 204.2
199.9
264.2 263.0 271.7 268.9
23.7
23.8
23.7
22.8
30.2
30.0
30.1
29.1
175.7
182.7
181.4
176.1
234.0 233.0 241.6 239.8
2,059.3 2,073.2 2,043.2 2,026.1 2,032.1 1,209.8 1,223.6
105.8
107.3 105.9
75.2
76.0
105.0
52.7
38.1
38.2
52.6
52.8
51.3
37.1
37.8
53.1
52.4
54.5
54.6
187.8 187.1
184.0
184.0
128.4 128.2
90.3
89.7
91.6
90.8
70.1
70.9
61.1
61.1
35.0
34.4
59.3
59.8
137.1
135.4
136.8
140.6
109.3 112.9
24.1
29.5
29.7
28.6
28.8
23.8
18.6
22.9
22.8
22.4
21.8
18.7
30.5
35.6
38.6
37.6
36.3
27.9

198.3 1,181.6 1,189.0
74.7
75.5
36.7
37.7
38.0
37.8
131.9 130.7
71.6
72.2
35.8
36.2
109.5 108.0
23.5
23.2
17.6
17.9
28.2
29.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
uUUc

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

All employees
July
1988

Aug.
1988

192.5
26.2
76.3
15.3
26.8
84.0
61.8
567.5
112.6
454.9
636.0
38.0
264.6
256.6
152.7
27.3
67.9

197.0
26.6
77.9
16.2
27.7
86.2
63.6
565.9
111.7
454.2
638.0
38.8
265.4
256.7
156.5
29.6
68.4

June
1989

198.7
26.4
77.8
17.0
26.8
93.2
69.4
541.0
103.5
437.5
622.0
38.5
259.6
250.6
156.1
27.8
69.3

Production workers

July
1989P

194.4
26.2
75.7
16.2
26.9
93.0
69.2
539.0
101.9
437.1
618.9
38.3
259.7
249.0
152.4
26.5
68.7

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

138.6
22.3
49.7
11.1
20.2
57.9
41.0
235.9
66.0
169.9
356.8
24.5
104.1
171.5
106.9
20.4
51.9

Aug.
1989P

142.4
22.7
50.8
12.0
21.1
59.9
42.4
235.9
65.9
170.0
358.7
25.0
104.3
172.2
110.4
22.7
52.3

143.2
22.5
50.5
12.7
19.8
65.5
47.6
217.9
62.1
155.8
345.6
24.3
97.2
170.0
109.2
21.2
53.1

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

139.6
22.4
48.9
12.0
19.8
65.1
47.0
215.6
60.6
155.0
342.5
24.1
96.7
169.0
105.4
19.8
52.4

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

751.3
95.6
260.8
48.5
59.6
106.9
29.8
200.6
100.0
86.0
39.1
114.2
11.2

756.5
95.7
262.4
48.7
60.1
107.7
29.8
203.6
101.7
87.3
39.3
114.2
11.5

782.6
99.6
272.1
50.3
63.8
109.5
30.6
212.4
105.6
91.7
39.8
117.3
10.8

780.9
99.7
271.6
49.8
63.8
110.0
30.5
211.9
106.2
90.6
39.0
117.2
11.0

783.6
_

411.8
43.0
148.7
31.7
32.1
54.0
15.3
120.7
57.2
55.2
26.5
49.3
8.3

415.7
43.0
149.9
32.0
32.2
54.7
15.3
123.0
59.0
55.7
26.8
49.2
8.5

431.2
46.0
155.5
33.7
34.2
55.1
16.3
127.2
61.2
57.5
27.4
50.7
8.1

429.0
45.9
153.9
33.2
33.7
54.8
16.2
127.0
61.5
57.0
27.1
50.8
8.1

432.3
_

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

380.5
50.6
35.7
12.7
104.4
45.8
58.6
34.2
37.9
18.7
140.7
61.4

390.2
54.2
38.6
13.1
104.8
46.7
58.1
33.8
42.6
22.4
141.7
61.4

395.1
54.0
39.1
13.5
107.0
45.3
61.7
34.9
42.7
23.0
143.0
62.1

382.8
50.7
36.4
12.9
105.1
44.6
60.5
34.4
40.0
21.2
139.7
61.4

396.0

275.9
34.9
24.4
10.5
77.7
32.8
44.9
24.3
28.9
13.9
99.6
42.5

284.8
38.0
26.9
11.0
77.9
34.1
43.8
23.8
33.5
17.4
100.6
42.8

287.3
38.4
27.6
11.2
78.7
32.1
46.6
24.3
33.5
17.7
101.2
42.6

274.8
35.1
25.2
10.6
76.4
31.4
45.0
23.9
30.8
15.9
98.0
42.2

288.0

2,035.0 2,017.1 2,068.1 2,028.2 2,039.2 1,257.0 1,244.3 1,290.7 1,245.3 1,255.9
655.3 645.7 674.5 635.5 648.5
869.3 832.8 847.1
846.6 833.1
_
258.0 250.0 270.3 244.4
337.9
362.1
347.9 336.1
34.7
35.2
34.0
34.3
44.6
45.0
43.7
44.0
321.8 319.7
401.3
402.8 400.6 412.6
329.9 318.0
23.4
23.9
25.3
24.7
29.7
30.1
31.7
31.1
335.7 332.7 342.2 340.1
703.2 704.1
694.5 691.6
167.9
167.8
159.0
160.6
367.3 366.6 380.3 382.9
75.4
150.3
151.9
154.4
74.6
75.2
73.3
150.3
97.6
99.2
100.4
99.7
170.9
172.6
173.1
172.8
137.1
139.6
138.5
139.2
186.1
187.9
186.4
188.7
83.9
83.4
81.3
80.6
121.1
120.3
116.9
117.4
58.6
65.0
67.6
69.5
71.3
53.2
56.2
57.2
28.7
29.2
24.0
23.6
38.6
39.2
32.7
32.3
63.2
63.1
63.1
62.5
207.0
212.5 207.1
212.2
42.9
42.6
43.4
42.6
152.7
152.3
154.9
154.7
31.7
32.6
33.0
33.5
47.2
48.2
50.1
50.0
16.5
19.2
19.7
21.3
21.2
15.0
15.3
16.5

_

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Cnr\e>
uUUc

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

48




Production workers

All employees
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

5,692 5,727
5,588
8,084 8,198
7,949 8,056 8,128
5,682 5,793
1,661.1 1,711.9 1,668.4 1,710.4 1,755.2 1,184.3 1,232.5 1,191.0 1,230.9 1,273.1
_
_
421.9
404.1
360.0
357.8
343.3
342.4
423.8
405.1
144.1
121.0
120.2
117.6
144.5
141.4
140.8
118.3
83.7
84.1
61.8
61.9
59.8
59.8
81.2
80.9
170.4
154.9
144.8
172.2
159.8
159.8
156.3
145.0
161.4
162.0
162.6
100.5
100.6
98.5
99.2
162.0
_
43.7
42.9
33.8
33.6
32.9
32.8
43.9
43.1
75.3
76.9
38.3
38.1
38.2
38.1
75.1
77.0
221.0
291.7
252.4
266.0
244.2
206.6
256.9
304.0
16.2
24.1
23.0
24.8
23.0
17.8
16.6
18.0
113.4
95.1
97.9
66.9
110.5
80.6
80.7
125.9
47.9
46.4
54.4
52.6
47.6
51.6
54.2
58.0
86.7
127.4
125.5
124.9
87.9
89.0
87.5
126.8
15.3
23.0
21.9
22.0
15.5
15.5
15.1
22.6
27.1
27.1
42.5
42.5
42.9
26.8
26.9
42.8
123.8
204.3
204.3
125.6
125.6
125.2
203.6
203.2
89.0
159.0
158.0
158.0
91.0
90.5
89.3
157.8
34.8
45.3
46.3
34.6
35.1
35.9
45.8
45.2
70.4
90.8
70.5
71.1
77.2
92.3
93.0
98.1
18.7
17.0
12.2
14.4
12.9
16.3
16.7
12.5
54.0
57.3
43.6
44.4
47.8
42.5
54.8
51.7
31.6
23.0
23.2
23.0
23.2
31.2
31.8
31.8
204.7
90.0
203.9
208.0
205.9
87.5
87.5
88.3
_
41.9
25.7
25.7
25.7
41.9
42.5
42.7
25.6
118.7
116.3
115.6
119.0
39.3
38.8
40.3
40.6
172.4
173.3
131.7
130.9
174.2
171.8
129.6
129.3
51.7
41.1

54.9
40.8

49.4
38.8

49.6
39.0

51.7
-

37.7
30.7

40.8
30.4

35.3
28.1

35.6
28.4

37.9
-

717.3
98.8
88.1
18.3
23.0
210.3
32.9
36.4
71.1
26.0
25.4
57.6
23.7
20.7
59.8
106.5
80.3
14.7
54.9

725.5
98.7
86.4
18.8
24.2
212.7
32.9
36.5
72.0
26.5
25.7
60.3
25.1
21.4
60.3
108.1
81.0
14.9
56.0

733.0
96.3
91.2
19.7
24.9
214.2
33.4
37.6
71.5
25.4
27.4
62.3
25.9
22.1
62.9
105.5
79.5
14.6
56.0

718.2
94.2
90.2
18.6
23.6
210.8
32.3
37.8
70.4
25.3
27.3
60.4
24.8
21.5
62.4
103.0
78.1
13.7
55.0

731.5
_

621.4
89.2
78.0
14.8
19.5
185.7
30.1
32.8
63.5
21.9
22.1
47.7
19.5
16.7
48.5
95.5
72.7
12.9
42.5

628.1
89.3
75.8
15.3
20.8
187.9
30.1
32.9
64.4
22.2
22.4
49.6
20.6
17.1
48.7
96.9
73.4
13.1
43.8

633.8
86.6
80.8
15.9
21.1
188.8
30.0
34.1
63.7
21.4
23.9
51.2
21.2
17.8
51.3
94.7
71.9
13.0
43.4

619.8
84.5
79.9
14.9
19.9
185.2
28.9
34.3
62.4
21.3
23.8
49.7
20.2
17.4
50.8
92.2
70.3
12.3
42.7

631.4
_
_

885.1
48.9
253.7
63.9
42.5
78.1
268.7
35.3
56.9
30.3
146.2

911.6
50.5
258.6
64.5
42.9
79.7
280.3
36.6
63.1
31.8
148.8

932.0
49.0
262.2
65.3
43.2
81.6
285.5
35.3
64.3
33.4
152.5

891.6
46.2
252.8
63.3
39.4
79.8
268.4
34.1
55.9
32.8
145.6

924.3

1,057.8 1,084.4 1,104.2 1,063.1 1,097.3
_
54.1
57.0
58.3
56.8
294.0
303.6
299.8
294.8
_
75.9
74.7
73.9
75.5
50.1
48.8
46.1
49.5
_
89.4
91.2
93.2
91.0
340.4
324.9
322.6
337.5
41.4
42.9
44.5
43.2
68.3
77.2
76.3
69.8
39.4
36.9
39.9
38.5
180.4
175.0
173.5
178.2

_
_

-

_
_
_
_

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

234
2341
2342

236
2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396

696.4
197.5
176.1
53.7

697.3

703.5
197.0
176.5
53.8
240.5

701.7
197.3
177.0
53.7
240.8
61.1
25.8
52.8

Aug.
1989P

196.6

175.6
53.4
240.0
60.8
26.6
52.8
207.3
45.6
112.1
23.2

61.3
26.8
53.0
212.2
47.0
114.7
23.1

July
1988

703.0

526.7
150.8
133.8

527.0
149.5

530.9
150.3

133.0
40.7
176.0
37.0
20.4
41.4
160.8
36.1
84.4

134.0
41.3
174.8
35.6
20.7
41.6
164.5
37.6
86.3

528.4
150.0
133.9
41.3

19.8

19.5

872.4
169.6
46.3
61.3

892.9
168.4
48.0
64.4
39.2
25.2

40.9
175.6
37.3
20.3
40.9
159.4

209.9
46.6
113.3
23.0

35.8

83.9
20.0

601.1
67.6
49.1
117.7
49.7
47.5
102.7
82.9

104.0
27.8
24.9
51.3
32.6
85.3
18.5
66.8
32.7
58.5
108.1
79.0
22.2

295

28.9

28.9

165.7
123.8
28.8

166.1
124.3
28.8

166.5

Aug.
1989P

55.8
47.3
8.5
47.8
19.3
35.6
169.6
21.5
45.9
36.1

1,074.6 1,078.3 1,103.4 1,102.1 1,101.5
134.2 133.7 135.3 135.7
91.3
91.0
90.6
90.9
179.6 180.7 189.0 188.8
88.6
88.3
84.7
84.1
70.5
71.1
67.1
66.9
233.4 234.6 243.2 244.4
191.7 192.7 200.3 201.2
163.8 162.6
164.3
161.3
43.9
44.2
44.9
44.5
45.8
46.0
44.5
43.8
72.9
73.6
74.9
73.0
63.9
64.0
64.6
65.1
147.3 151.2 151.1
147.6
31.0
30.0
30.9
30.1
117.3 120.3 120.1
117.5
53.7
51.2
54.5
51.5
101.9 101.9 102.4 101.9
123.8

July
1989P

57.9
48.3
9.6
48.8
19.7
37.2
176.0
22.4
46.6
37.7

869.0
170.3
46.2
62.0
37.7
24.3
40.1
400.9
121.4
258.7
33.5
61.0
42.6

165.3

June
1989

58.6
49.1
9.5
48.9
19.9
36.3
164.6
21.1
45.6
34.0

1,560.7 1,563.6 1,610.4 1,606.1 1,608.9
475.2 473.9 479.0 477.3
130.0 130.2 135.4 136.2
122.3 121.7
116.1
116.2
90.1
90.5
85.9
85.8
31.6
31.8
30.3
30.3
79.3
83.0
82.8
79.3
551.4 554.0 573.6 571.1
171.4 178.0 177.1
169.9
355.2 356.2 368.2 367.2
48.7
49.2
49.3
49.1
82.1
78.5
77.4
82.1
57.7
61.0
58.0
61.2

165.3
123.8

Aug.
1988

57.6
48.8
8.8
48.7
19.7
34.2
159.7
20.5
43.6
33.4

67.7
55.2
12.5
56.8
22.1
43.2
205.7
26.0
54.9
43.3

291

29

July
1989P

70.2
56.3
13.9
58.0
22.6
45.1
211.0
26.8
55.4
44.2

61.0
26.5
52.3
205.6
45.2
111.6
23.4

279

June
1989

70.9
57.3
13.6
57.8
22.6
43.8
199.1
25.5
53.6
41.0

239.6

2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

Aug.
1988

69.9
57.0
12.9
57.9
22.6
41.8
194.6
25.0
51.9
40.7

2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

July
1988

26
261,2,6
262
263
264

27
271
272
273

Production workers1

All employees

530.2

174.3
35.4
20.0

41.2
162.8
37.2
85.4
19.5
888.7
166.1
48.0
64.1

63.9
44.9

39.2
24.9
41.4
413.6
126.8
265.4
33.1
64.1
44.6

605.2
67.1
48.9

621.6
69.8
48.3

618.9
69.9
48.3

118.9
50.3
47.9
103.3
83.4
106.5
28.0
25.4
53.1
32.6
85.4
18.5
66.9
32.5
58.9

124.0
52.1
50.9
107.5
88.7
104.1
27.5
26.0
50.6
32.8
88.4
19.1
69.3
34.0
61.0

123.2
52.1
50.3
107.6
88.8
102.5
27.4
25.3
49.8
33.1
89.0
19.1
69.9
33.0
60.6

108.4
79.0
22.5

108.9
78.9
22.6

109.2
79.2
22.6

891.8

36.9
24.4
40.2
404.0
122.9
260.0
33.7
62.0
42.8

41.8

415.3
127.9
265.4
33.4

619.4

109.4

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

656.0

644.8
61.2
9.5

661.4
64.4
9.0

646.9
64.6
8.7

19.6
77.1
473.6

19.6
77.0
477.5

20.9
77.4
489.7

20.3
74.7
478.6

142.9

113.4
10.5
67.4
28.1
24.9
7.6
12.9

120.8
11.3
71.8
29.8
26.1
8.3
13.6

119.1
12.3
69.6
29.2
25.0
8.8
12.5

111.5
11.6
64.6
27.1
23.3
8.2
11.9

119.3

5,742

5,618

4,616

4,630

4,796

4,773

4,642

3,524

3,508

3,519

241.4
108.7

239.0
109.6

300.6
118.7

252.5
118.0

26.4

26.7

26.9

26.9

825.9
84.8
11.2

828.8
83.3
11.4

846.8
86.0
11.0

831.6
86.0
10.7

303,4
306
307

26.4
100.3
603.2

26.5
100.5
607.1

27.9
100.7
621.2

27.4
98.0
609.5

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

138.4
12.7
79.8
35.3
28.4
10.8
16.7

146.4
13.7
84.1
36.9
29.5
11.6
17.5

143.6
14.5
81.7
36.0
28.1
12.1
15.9

134.6
13.8
75.8
33.0
26.3
11.4
15.1

5,561

5,574

5,753

3,322

3,337

Transportation

Aug.
1988

640.9
61.6
9.0

30
301
302

Transportation and public utilities .

July
1988

Railroad transportation.
Class I railroads2

40
4011

304.0
263.3

303.0
262.3

299.7
256.0

296.9
253.0

Local and interurban passenger transit.
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

266.1
119.5
35.5
29.3
54.7

263.7
120.3
35.2
29.7
51.3

328.1
130.9
34.2
29.7
101.2

280.1
130.1
33.8
30.1
55.9

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

184.7
31.0
101.2

180.5
31.5
97.3

184.2
32.5
100.5

190.7
34.0
104.6

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services .

45
451,2
458

649.8
562.6
87.2

655.3
566.9
88.4

678.3
581.9
96.4

695.9
597.5
98.4

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

19.1

19.1

19.2

19.5

Transportation services.
Freight forwarding

47
471

318.7
70.3

320.1
71.0

343.8
75.4

839.4

344.1
75.4

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

48
481
483
4832
4833

See footnotes at end of table.

50




2,237 2,229 2,234
2,239
1,291.6 1,290.9 1,284.3 1,286.5
904.4
887.7
906.1
889.4
240.5 245.1
240.2
245.3
120.3
122.2
120.4
122.3
120.2
122.9
119.8
123.0

1,378.8 1,391.9 1,459.3 1,469.6
1,287.7 1,297.8 1,360.5 1,369.5
94.1
100.1
98.8
91.1

13.4

13.4

13.8

14.1

975.2
664.4
197.6

974.7
663.2
198.0

977.8
656.7
202.6

979.1
657.6
202.8

751.2
350.3
134.0
162.0
81.7

751.5
350.6
133.9
161.3
82.5

746.9
347.4
133.3
158.5
83.9

749.0
347.6
134.6
157.7
85.3

2,099

50
501
5012
5013

946.9
458.4
168.6
196.7
94.1

946.3
457.6
168.6
196.1
94.7

944.4
453.3
169.2
195.0
96.8

947.1
453.2
170.7
194.8
98.2

6,077

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment .
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies

1,580.0 1,595.6 1,670.2 1,681.0
1,470.9 1,483.4 1,551.4 1,561.1
109.1
119.9
118.8
112.2

6,086

6,266

6,282

6,283

4,906

4,911

5,051

5,062

3,590
436.0
120.3
285.;

3,596
435.8
120.5
284.1

3,711
439.9
123.7
285.3

3,722
441.3
124.5
285.5

3,725

2,87;
350.7

2,877
350.2

2,968
356.4

2,976
357.8

5,065

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502
5021
5023
503
5031

5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086

Production workers1

All employees
July
1988

152.1
70.4
81.7

230.9
120.3
110.6

Aug.
1988

153.3
70.8
82.5
230.2
119.7
110.5

239.6
123.9
115.7
99.1
146.2

Aug.
1989P

July
1988

123.3

126.1

189.5

189.0

196.9

199.1

73.5
111.9
389.6

73.5
112.6
390.9

79.9
116.1
399.4

80.0
115.5
401.3

227.2

227.6

231.9

51
511
512
513

231.7

176.0
281.3

180.8
285.6

98.3

98.4

97.6

114.4

117.6

117.4
1,226.2 1,227.3 1,267.3 1,271.0

514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172

518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade

119.7

127.1

337.6

349.3

139.2
175.1
225.7
105.4

147.3
179.1
240.0
113.8

148.2
179.0
239.7

2,490
220.5
181.0
193.3
834.2
265.9
65.7
105.0
127.5
204.5
85.2
119.3
153.9

2,555
229.9
188.5
200.7
845.5
274.2
67.5
106.6
132.5
209.7
88.5
121.2
156.2
100.5
55.7
474.6
162.1

2,560
230.4
188.9
202.4
847.3
275.9
67.1
106.4
132.3
209.8
88.7
121.1
158.1
101.9
56.2
474.0
161.6
19,680

19,738 17,053

797.5
439.4
171.2

790.7
439.6
170.4

663.8
378.9
136.8

2,487
220.3
181.1
192.1
833.6
265.3
65.7
106.7
127.8
204.4
85.3
119.1
154.9
99.1
55.8
450.9
153.7

798.8
448.9
164.4

Aug.
1989P

126.4

19,240 19,312 19,727

509
5093

July
1989P

122.4

1,529.4 1,529.9 1,579.6 1,584.7
549.6 549.3 558.6 559.4
82.7
87.0
86.7
83.0

175.0
223.5
104.4

June
1989

72.9
83.4
242.3

524.9
275.8
68.3

90.2
141.4
508.1

120.3
336.8
139.0

Aug.
1988

156.3

265.9
66.2

90.0

65.9

155.8
72.4
83.4

July
1989P

125.2
117.1
99.1
145.4
528.2
278.7
68.2
181.3
285.3

141.0
506.5
264.3
176.3
281.0
98.8
113.7

June
1989

98.7
55.2
445.9
149.7

789.6
445.3
163.5

127.2
351.9

180.8

182.2

193.8

193.6

2,034
178.9
152.1
148.2
706.5

2,034
179.3
151.8
149.2
703.9

2,083
184.9
158.4
155.0
715.3

2,086
186.3
158.3
156.0
715.9

94.4
160.4

94.1
160.8

96.1
164.9

96.5
164.9

128.0

126.9

128.0

130.2

366.7

361.5

385.5

384.0

17,118 17,473

17,438

113.6
2,558

655.0
375.4
136.2

663.1
371.5
141.8

17,490

657.4
372.6
140.8

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,398.9 2,400.3 2,432.9 2,423.6 2,422.3 2,216.6 2,215.9 2,253.8 2,251.8
1,845.6 1,843.9 1,874.0 1,875.0
1,984.5 1,985.0 2,010.6 2,004.5
217.6
214.5 212.3
217.2
237.7 237.9 233.9 231.5
165.3
153.8
154.4
176.7 177.4 188.4 187.6
164.5

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,118.9 3,123.9 3,271.9 3,289.2 3,295.3 2,869.2 2,875.9 3,012.6 3,029.3
2,555.7 2,560.7 2,672.8 2,693.6
2,763.8 2,766.8 2,886.8 2,908.9
57.5
58.1
54.5
55.1
34.6
34.8
28.5
28.3
172.2 178.2 175.8
171.8
155.3 155.2 160.6 158.4

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

2,123.4 2,136.6 2,176.2 2,182.2 2,183.3 1,778.5 1,790.0 1,820.1 1,825.3
860.1
866.4 868.8 868.7
1,036.6 1,044.0 1,045.5 1,045.5
275.6 278.2
287.1 291.0
339.6 342.8 357.8 361.7
553.8
555.9 563.0 564.9
637.1 639.4 647.7 650.1

See footnotes at end of table.




51

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
PnHo
OtJCJc

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers

All employees
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

1,156.4 1,162.5 1,184.0 1,176.3
105.9
106.7
105.3
107.1
419.4
412.1
407.4 405.0
276.4
279.3
279.8
275.7
222.7
229.3
229.0
219.9
796.0
459.7
283.1
86.7
249.6
175.8
73.8

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

978.2
87.1
342.9
240.6
183.4

983.3
86.4
340.1
241.5
186.3

993.8
85.0
350.7
241.4
189.9

986.2
84.4
345.0
240.5
189.8

650.1
375.7
_
72.6
201.8
_
-

650.8
373.8
_
73.1
203.9
_
-

659.3
384.5
_
64.5
210.3
_
-

661.2
384.4
_
64.5
212.3
_
-

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places

58

6,446.8 6,491.5 6,572.0 6,535.4 6,576.8 5,880.5 5,920.7 5,986.7 5,953.2

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,402.8 2,411.6 2,488.4 2,476.0
605.5
602.3
590.6
591.1
125.7
126.6
122.1
122.7
881.8
880.0
846.1
841.9
160.7
162.4
152.6
149.8
87.3
87.0
82.2
81.0
85.1
84.4
81.7
82.1
154.9
160.7
158.2
153.5
196.3
198.2
185.8
188.2
64.0
61.3
60.8
62.3
258.5
283.4
280.6
257.3
125.5
140.8
139.5
125.6
85.5
85.3
85.3
85.3
115.5
107.8
107.3
115.2
415.4
380.0 381.8
407.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate3

794.2
461.2
283.4
86.2
246.8
173.7
73.1

804.5
473.5
291.8
77.5
253.5
176.9
76.6

806.2
472.8
291.6
77.4
256.0
178.9
77.1

_
_

_

6,773

6,878

6,910

6,920

3,317

Finance

6,769
3,309

3,343

3,355

2,015.9 2,026.4 2,083.4 2,073.3
511.0
503.5
504.1
513.6
_
_
_
_
701.7
731.9
733.1
706.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
251.0
228.4
253.2
227.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
88.8
95.1
95.9
89.2
306.0
308.7
333.6
340.4

3,361

1,753.0 1,751.7 1,783.5 1,795.4
1,571.5 1,568.2 1,581.1 1,590.4
315.2 317.6
317.5
318.3
364.4 371.1
372.7
364.7
81.3
80.2
81.2
80.5

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

903.0
403.9
232.9
165.8
256.6
58.7
160.0

901.1
402.5
232.1
165.2
257.0
59.4
159.0

909.4
405.8
234.4
166.2
266.9
67.1
147.5

62
621

451.9
355.3

447.6
351.0

438.tf
338.7

67

209.2

208.7

212.1

2,094

2,135

2,141

5,033

-

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
5,042

_
_
_

213.1

2,094

4,997

_
_

437.8
338.4

Holding and other investment offices

4,936

1,254.4 1,251.5 1,272.4 1,282.4
1,121.5 1,118.3 1,125.1 1,133.6
_
_
_
_

908.7
404.9
234.3
165.4
267.6
67.5
146.6

Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers

4,937

Aug.
1989P

Insurance
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

See footnotes at end of table.

52




1,450.1 1,448.5 1,472.8 1,477.8
578.4
578.0
579.2
578.9
219.7
233.8
235.3
218.9
541.7
543.3
548.5
550.0
59.2
58.8
59.9
59.0
643.8

645.4

662.2

663.2

675.6
307.1
_
198.7
_

673.9
306.0
_
_
199.5
_

681.7
308.1
_
_
207.6
_

682.3
307.7
_

972.0
349.4
177.1
363.0
-

973.8
346.8
177.5
366.7
-

979.7
348.0
189.1
357.1
-

985.5
350.3
190.0
358.2
-

-

-

208.6
_

2,141

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc ....

July
1988

1,362

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

66

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

1,366

June
1989
1,400

July
1989P

1,414

Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

1,418

1,352.7 1,356.9 1,391.2 1,405.1
581.2 586.0 604.9 611.5
559.8
559.7 562.7 568.7
179.8
179.3 191.0 192.1

9.6

9.5

9.0

9.1

25,922 25,955 27,146 27,215 27,246 22,671 22,700 23,716 23,770 23,770

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,675.7 1,679.3 1,690.8 1,728.2
1,600.3 1,601.1 1,619.1 1,639.2

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,150.0 1,146.6 1,181.1 1,167.4
412.4 412.6 415.1
411.6
55.9
56.8
58.1
58.0
362.5 361.9 370.9 368.0
79.7
80.5
82.1
81.0

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,635.5 5,677.1 5,827.8 5,822.1 5,864.6 4,836.2 4,873.1 4,970.4 4,962.5
238.1 241.0 259.8 258.1
176.4
178.6 192.3 191.4
173.9
171.6
188.9 187.2
92.3
92.7
96.8
97.1
208.3 211.5 241.0 243.2
794.8 806.6 817.9 815.3
730.7
718.1
740.9 737.6
1,396.9 1,408.0 1,365.4 1,350.9
223.7 225.7 217.7
216.4
1,067.5 1,076.1 1,044.2 1,031.8
682.0 688.0
760.2 771.2
531.9
535.6 590.9 601.3
310.7 313.4 351.7
358.8
257.0 258.4 284.2 287.5

739

2,211.2 2,217.9 2,273.2 2,273.1
216.8 216.5 220.0 221.8
543.2 544.8
556.7
554.6
466.9 470.2 476.2 478.3
268.5 268.3 281.3 280.1
83.0
83.6
82.2
82.1

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

7391
7392

7393
7394
7395

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

846.5
166.6
493.5

851.3
168.6
496.4

904.9
186.6
525.0

907.1
188.2
526.5

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

351.0
111.8

352.4
112.7

361.4
122.6

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

246.5
109.7
118.5

250.5
115.6
117.0

272.8
136.2
119.3

Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

1,433.7 1,433.3 1,444.9 1,465.3

367.2

366.5

369.3

366.0

323.6

323.0

331.0

328.1

702.9

705.9

744.4

746.4

408.7

410.7

429.4

430.6

364.0
124.4

287.3

288.0

296.1

299.5

279.1
137.1
124.0

206.7
85.1

211.1
91.2

231.0
109.8

237.6
111.2

79

1,081.8 1,080.6 1,122.5 1,159.1

931.6

933.8

989.8 1,024.9

80
801
802
805

7,188.1 7,210.3 7,646.4 7,688.6 7,720.8 6,391.8 6,411.6 6,796.8 6,834.3
920.8
1,115.9 1,123.4 1,204.9 1,214.4
915.9
986.4 992.3
490.4 489.1 515.3 514.2
430.5 429.6 450.4 449.4
1,326.7 1,331.8 1,388.2 1,392.7
1,199.6 1,204.1 1,254.7 1,259.7

8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

918.5 922.4 961.8 964.7
408.2 409.4 426.4 428.0
3,323.2 3,328.6 3,497.5 3,517.4
3,074.7 3,079.5 3,234.3 3,254.0
92.7
92.7
97.5
97.0
155.8 156.4 165.7 166.4
149.6 150.9 170.4 172.9
266.9

271.0

315.0

3,037.2 3,043.9 3,198.9 3,218.4

320.4

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
July
1988

871.8

Aug.
1988

868.4

June
1989

913.2

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

917.2

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

82
821
822
824
83
832
833
836
84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864
89
891
892
893

1,397.9 1,404.1 1,460.9 1,469.1
737.0 740.8 768.2 773.7
138.3 138.4 147.9 150.0
489.8 491.6 510.0 511.3

760.1

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

763.7

1,786.6 1,772.6 1,793.6 1,820.4
101.1
102.2
103.1
102.8
129.6
136.0
130.8
134.3
433.7
416.2 430.5
459.0

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

728.3

June
1989

1,607.3 1,591.9 1,733.2 1,725.3
344.2 344.0 354.4 359.8
266.5 256.5 253.1 265.3
396.2 398.4 428.7 429.8

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

731.6

Aug.
1988

1,349.1 1,345.9 1,488.0 1,419.5
348.0 345.2 393.1 358.1
796.4 791.0 857.4 819.0
89.1
92.0 104.1 102.5

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

July
1988

54.5

4

2,992

Federal Government

4

56.2

1,126.7 1,131.5 1,169.0 1,174.2
616.6
619.8 636.6 641.6
374.5

375.8

389.2

387.3

Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

2,980

3,025

3,032

3,016

2,931.5 2,920.5 2,964.4
980.2
963.6
959.0
830.6
831.5
827.3
1,136.4 1,134.2 1,153.6
39.2
39.4
38.3
21.4
21.0
21.2

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

3731

121.4
73.9

121.1
73.8

124.6
74.3

125.0
74.4

806

42.1
425.1
248.8

40.5
426.3
248.2

38.3
436.7
249.6

38.6
438.1
250.3

806
82

3,853 3,855 4,016
3,936
449.8
450.6
447.6 448.5
1,344.5 1,340.8 1,481.2 1,375.2

3,946

1,514.2 1,514.4 1,538.2 1,555.1

9,595
806
82

9,463 10,751

9,848

9,744

502.2
502.9
626.8 627.9 647.6 651.5
4,707.4 4,619.2 5,882.4 4,805.9
496.1

493.8

3,400.5 3,356.9 3,346.3 3,482.2

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to




56.2

16,440 16,298 17,792 16,816 16,706

Government

54

53.9

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
Industry

Total
Total private

May

June

Apr.

May

June

1988

1988

1989

1989

1989

49,108

49,306

50,646

50,923

51,094

39,949

40,371

41,271

41,520

41,907

6,994

7,071

7,121

7,141

7,202

Goods-producing

96

Construction
Manufacturing

97

97

97

99

545

Mining

555

568

576

584

6,353

6,419

6,456

6,468

6,519

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..,
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,059

3,085

3,104

3,104

3,116

124
164
121
105
324
460
861
400
324
178

128
163

125

126
167
124
108
327
474

128

328
477
850
410
339
184

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

123
107
326
463

168
123
108
327
473

166
125
109

868
402
328
179

854
409
338

181

849
409
338
182

3,294

3,334

3,352

3,364

3,403

505
17
353
875
168
672
308
24
288
86

523
17
355

509
17

876
171
676
314
25
291
86

83

515
16
353
877
171
706
324
26
292
84

537
16
355
879
174
709
329
27
293
84

42,114

42,235

43,525

43,782

43,892

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,590

1,605

1,628

1,640

1,653

Wholesale trade

1,786

1,805

1,867

1,880

1,897

10,082

10,193

10,182

10,342

10,449

4,147

4,194

4,239

4,257

4,301

15,350

15,503

16,234

16,260

16,405

9,159
1,059
2,011
6,089

8,935

9,375
1,063
2,086
6,226

9,403
1,073
2,065
6,265

9,187
1,082
1,974
6,131

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




1,066
1,922
5,947

353

879
170
704
320

26
292

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July1

Aug.p

105,954

106,207

106,475

106,824

107,097

107,442

107,711

107,888

108,101

108,310

108,607

108,791

108,901

88,578

88,736

88,991

89,299

89,574

89,897

90,124

90,291

90,475

90,623

90,884

91,030

91,083

25,303

25,313

25,384

25,460

25,513

25,626

25,629

25,646

25,671

25,672

25,648

25,683

25,724

725
408

719
404

717
400

712
396

711
394

711
393

711
394

714
397

720
400

722
401

715
402

707
404

729
404

5,153
1,372

5,163
1,374

5,162
1,363

5,191
1,375

5,213
1,380

5,267
1,404

5,270
1,398

5,252
1,380

5,279
1,377

5,283
1,388

5,283
1,384

5,317
1,392

5,325
1,403

19,425

19,431

19,505

19,557

19,589

19,648

19,648

19,680

19,672

19,667

19,650

19,659

19,670

11,462
761
529
600
776
277
1,435
2,094
2,073
2,052
859
755
387

11,464
763
530
600
779
277
1,436
2,098
2,072
2,044
859
756
386

11,509
770
531
603
783
277
1,442
2,110
2,073
2,055
865
758
384

11,545
775
532
605
784
277
1,445
2,120
2,075
2,060
867
762
387

11,565
780
532
607
785
276
1,449
2,126
2,067
2,063
867
767
389

11,605
784
532
607
786
276
1,458
2,134
2,065
2,079
882
770
390

11,594
778
534
608
786
276
1,458
2,138
2,062
2,067
871
772
391

11,604
777
535
607
788
276
1,457
2,143
2,060
2,071
869
776
390

11,600
772
537
606
788
275
1,454
2,144
2,058
2,073
875
777
391

11,594
771
534
604
787
276
1,452
2,150
2,050
2,076
876
778
392

11,567
769
534
603
787
276
1,449
2,151
2,041
2,062
861
779
392

11,554
767
535
602
786
276
1,446
2,156
2,038
2,051
848
781
392

11,567
766
531
603
787
277
1,443
2,156
2,032
2,074
873
782
393

7,963
1,629
55
723
1,085
694
1,568
1,071
162
832
144

7,967
1,627
55
726
1,085
693
1,573
1,072
162
830
144

7,996
1,644
55
726
1,083
695
1,577
1,074
162
836
144

8,012
1,648
56
725
1,088
695
1,581
1,075
162
839
143

8,024
1,646
56
724
1,090
696
1,588
1,079
162
840
143

8,043
1,650
56
728
1,092
696
1,595
1,084
160
839
143

8,054
1,650
56
728
1,096
696
1,595
1,085
161
843
144

8,076
1,655
56
729
1,101
697
1,600
1,088
161
845
144

8,072
1,657
54
728
1,098
696
1,601
1,090
162
843
143

8,073
1,656
53
728
1,095
697
1,603
1,094
162
843
142

8,083
1,663
52
729
1,093
697
1,607
1,096
163
841
142

8,105
1,677
53
731
1,096
700
1,609
1,094
163
842
140

8,103
1,670
52
729
1,098
700
1,614
1,094
163
843
140

80,651

80,894

81,091

81,364

81,584

81,816

82,082

82,242

82,430

82,638

82,959

83,108

83,177

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,572
3,353
2,219

5,581
3,365
2,216

5,596
3,381
2,215

5,616
3,402
2,214

5,634
3,421
2,213

5,654
3,439
2,215

5,667
3,453
2,214

5,666
3,452
2,214

5,682
3,467
2,215

5,700
3,484
2,216

5,716
3,500
2,216

5,741
3,529
2,212

5,619
3,537
2,082

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,051
3,578
2,473

6,071
3,590
2,481

6,086
3,599
2,487

6,104
3,612
2,492

6,125
3,626
2,499

6,146
3,638
2,508

6,171
3,657
2,514

6,197
3,676
2,521

6,206
3,676
2,530

6,222
3,685
2,537

6,230
3,693
2,537

6,240
3,700
2,540

6,246
3,706
2,540

19,182
2,454
3,117
2,107
6,302

19,188
2,452
3,122
2,115
6,296

19,229
2,447
3,149
2,124
6,314

19,282
2,452
3,165
2,131
6,322

19,328
2,460
3,182
2,136
6,328

19,407
2,472
3,200
2,143
6,323

19,460
2,481
3,212
2,150
6,332

19,488
2,490
3,223
2,155
6,322

19,489
2,492
3,233
2,159
6,335

19,528
2,491
3,245
2,159
6,348

19,551
2,493
3,262
2,155
6,362

19,582
2,481
3,273
2,154
6,370

19,601
2,477
3,289
2,153
6,385

6,686
3,285
2,087
1,314

6,695
3,288
2,092
1,315

6,710
3,293
2,098
1,319

6,726
3,299
2,102
1,325

6,744
3,307
2,110
1,327

6,746
3,308
2,109
1,329

6,763
3,311
2,116
1,336

6,774
3,316
2,117
1,341

6,776
3,312
2,119
1,345

6,790
3,320
2,123
1,347

6,808
3,320
2,129
1,359

6,812
3,322
2,130
1,360

6,836
3,338
2,135
1,363

Services
Business services
Health services

25,784
5,617
7,187

25,888
5,651
7,228

25,986
5,667
7,267

26,111
5,682
7,313

26,230
5,715
7,359

26,318
5,707
7,396

26,434
5,729
7,442

26,520
5,736
7,488

26,651
5,760
7,528

26,711
5,776
7,570

26,931
5,799
7,616

26,972
5,782
7,650

27,057
5,801
7,698

Government
Federal
State
Local

17,376
2,967
4,079
10,330

17,471
2,985
4,088
10,398

17,484
2,986
4,081
10,417

17,525
2,983
4,085
10,457

17,523
2,981
4,085
10,457

17,545
2,978
4,084
10,483

17,587
2,982
4,095
10,510

17,597
2,982
4,102
10,513

17,626
2,982
4,111
10,533

17,687
2,999
4,119
10,569

17,723
2,995
4,136
10,592

17,761
2,999
4,161
10,601

17,818
3,004
4,176
10,638

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988

56




benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Industry
June

Total
Total private

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

49,119 49,207 49,338 49,488 49,586 49,799 49,963 50,130 50,302 50,414 50,515 50,670 50,894
40,191 40,296 40,393 40,503 40,602 40,776 40,943 41,093 41,239 41,340 41,418 41,530 41,717
7,035

7,053

7,049

7,054

7,069

7,095

7,112

7,141

7,152

7,159

7,161

7,166

7,165

97

97

98

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

99

548

551

554

555

555

557

561

566

571

571

573

577

577

6,390

6,405

6,397

6,402

6,417

6,441

6,454

6,478

6,484

6,491

6,491

6,492

6,489

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,073
125
164
121
106
324
460
868
401
326
178

3,084
125
165
122
106
326
463
868
401
328
180

3,084
125
164
122
106
325
464
868
401
330
179

3,082
125
165
121
106
325
465
867
399
330
179

3,087
125
165
122
106
325
467
868
401
331
177

3,097
127
165
122
106
327
469
869
402
332
178

3,103
127
165
123
107
327
469
866
405
335
179

3,113
127
166
123
108
330
471
864
407
337
180

3,111
127
166
123
107
329
471
863
407
337
181

3,109
127
167
123
108
328
471
860
408
337
180

3,111
126
167
124
108
327
471
859
409
338
182

3,108
126
167
124
108
327
472
853
410
339
182

3,103
125
167
123
108
326
474
850
409
338
183

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,317
526
18
352
869
169
675
311

3,321
525
18
351
867
170
678
312

3,313
520
18
349
863
170
681
313

3,320
524
18
349
863
171
682
314

3,330
531
18
349
862
171
685
315

3,344
535
18
350
867
171
688
315

3,351
532
19
350
869
171
692
316

3,365
536
18
352
871
171
697
318

3,373
537
19
352
874
171
698
319

3,382
537
19
354
877
171
700
321

3,380
537
18
353
875
171
702
322

3,384
537
17
353
873
171
706
325

3,386
540
17
353
871
172
708
325

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

288
85

290
86

289
85

289
85

289
85

291
84

292
84

292
84

292
85

293
84

292
84

292
84

291
83

42,084 42,154 42,289 42,434 42,517 42,704 42,851 42,989 43,150 43,255 43,354 43,504 43,729

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,597

1,598

1,604

1,604

1,608

1,614

1,621

1,626

1,630

1,629

1,628

1,635

1,645

Wholesale trade

1,801

1,808

1,811

1,820

1,827

1,835

1,845

1,854

1,862

1,866

1,876

1,888

1,893

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

10,137 10,149 10,171 10,179 10,190 10,213 10,238 10,287 10,318 10,336 10,337 10,373 10,387
4,164

4,169

4,178

4,199

4,212

4,222

4,227

4,242

4,249

4,247

4,257

4,271

15,457 15,519 15,580 15,658 15,709 15,807 15,905 15,958 16,035 16,101 16,169 16,211 16,356
8,928
1,054
1,989
5,885

8,911
1,055
1,998
5,858

8,945
1,059
2,003
5,883

This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




4,188

8,985
1,065
2,015
5,905

8,984
1,067
2,009
5,908

9,023
1,066
2,013
5,944

9,020
1,065
2,013
5,942

9,037
1,063
2,012
5,962

9,063
1,064
2,017
5,982

9,074
1,064
2,020
5,990

9,097
1,064
2,023
6,010

9,140
1,070
2,034
6,036

9,177
1,070
2,043
6,064

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

(In thousands)
1989

1988
Industry
Aug.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Julyp

Aug.1

71,723 71,825 72,021 72,273 72,494 72,774 72,949 73,101 73,204 73,315 73,555 73,662 73,699
17,963 18,065 18,048 18,052

18,053

510

514

519

521

511

504

524

4,112

4,096

4,104

4,111

4,111

4,135

4,148

17,815

17,813

17,865

17,929

522

518

515

511

510

510

4,023

4,032

4,026

4,053

4,068

4,132

13,270 13,263 13,324

13,365

13,385 13,423

13,426 13,442

18,058 18,022

13,430 13,426

18,054 18,096

13,400 13,415 13,424

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,658
634
422
468
595
216
1,070
1,260
1,227
1,284
673
416
282

7,653
635
424
466
597
217
1,069
1,261
1,227
1,276
671
417
281

7,690
641
425
469
600
216
1,076
1,270
1,228
1,283
676
419
279

7,717
645
426
470
601
217
1,079
1,279
1,233
1,283
676
421
280

7,730
647
426
472
602
216
1,082
1,285
1,224
1,285
676
425
282

7,758
652
426
473
603
215
1,089
1,292
1,222
1,294
687
424
283

7,749
648
427
474
602
215
1,087
1,298
1,218
1,286
677
425
284

7,749
646
428
472
603
213
1,086
1,298
1,214
1,292
675
427
283

7,744
642
428
471
603
211
1,080
1,298
1,213
1,297
680
428
284

7,735
641
427
469
601
210
1,079
1,302
1,205
1,297
681
430
284

7,706
638
426
468
602
211
1,074
1,303
1,198
1,284
667
429
284

7,699
637
426
467
602
210
1,073
1,309
1,197
1,275
654
431
282

7,712
635
423
469
601
214
1,069
1,310
1,193
1,295
676
432
285

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,612
1,158
41
626
912
525
877
600
106
649
118

5,610
1,156
40
629
912
523
878
600
106
647
119

5,634
1,169
41
629
912
524
881
602
106
652
118

5,648
1,173
42
628
916
525
883
602
106
655
118

5,655
1,172
42
628
919
525
886
604
105
656
118

5,665
1,175
41
630
922
524
887
607
104
656
119

5,677
1,177
41
630
926
524
888
608
105
659
119

5,693
1,182
41
630
930
525
891
610
105
660
119

5,686
1,184
40
630
927
524
889
609
105
660
118

5,691
1,184
38
630
925
525
891
614
106
660
118

5,694
1,190
38
630
922
525
892
616
107
656
118

5,716
1,203
39
632
923
528
894
616
107
657
117

5,712
1,197
38
629
925
528
896
614
107
661
117

Service-producing

53,908 54,012 54,156 54,344 54,531 54,709 54,901 55,049 55,151

55,257 55,533

55,608 55,603

Transportation and public utilities

4,631

4,635

4,653

4,671

4,691

4,704

4,718

4,718

4,735

4,752

4,763

4,773

4,642

Wholesale trade

4,876

4,890

4,903

4,917

4,931

4,948

4,970

4,990

4,996

5,007

5,016

5,022

5,030

17,001

16,997

17,017

17,066 17,106

17,171

17,215

17,244

17,235

17,280

17,317

17,334

17,368

4,856

4,858

4,866

4,886

4,893

4,900

4,902

4,918

4,933

4,944

4,958

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services




4,879

22,544 22,632 22,717 22,817 22,924 23,000 23,105 23,197 23,283 23,300 23,504 23,535 23,605

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

58

4,873

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Private nonagricultura! payrolls, 349 ndustries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979

...

. .

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

63.5
62.5
63.9

60.5
64.3
61.0

70.3
70.2
64.8

67.9
70.1
52.7

68.6
64.6
61.6

63.8
67.6
61.3

64.5
61.6
55.7

61.3
62.2
53.2

65.9
62.0
50.7

61.3
64.3
61.3

67.0
70.9
54.2

67.9
66.6
53.9

54.6
58.5
37.2
55.0
67 8
58 5
55.4
55.6
60.7
68.3

53.4
52.7
47.3
47.9
70 6
52 3
53.7
59.3
63.5
60.5

49.7
54.0
40.1
60.2
65 2
60 2
53.2
61.0
63.0
61.0

37.4
64.5
41.5
65.6
67 8
53.2
56.3
61.9
62.8
58.2

40.8
57.0
49.3
66.3
63 3
58.5
55.2
58.6
61.3
55.6

38.0
53.3
38.1
66.5
67.2
51.4
50.7
59.7
67.2
59.7

42.3
57.7
42.8
67.2
59.6
57.6
54.7
65.3
63.6
P54.9

59.0
51.3
39.1
68.9
61.9
60.7
56.3
60.6
58.0
P58.5

55.7
45.8
44.7
70.1
57.2
53.6
57.9
63.0
55.4

63.8
42.3
36.2
66.6
62 9
56.3
54.6
67.8
63.9

59.3
40.3
40.1
67.6
59 3
56.6
58.0
64.5
68.2

58.6
36.0
43.6
64.6
57 7
59 7
61.7
60.7
64.6

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979

70.2
71.9
69.5

74.5
73.8
71.8

76.4
76.9
65.8

79.2
76.9
66.2

74.8
74.9
62.0

72.1
71.1
64.0

69.3
69.2
58.9

72.1
65.8
53.3

70.5
68.3
57.6

73.5
73.5
58.6

73.6
74.8
62.2

72.5
76.2
56.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

56.6
59.5
31.2
48.4
74.9
58 3
57.7
60.7
64 8
71.6

51.4
55.6
34.8
57.0
75.5
58 3
53.0
62.0
65 6
70.1

42.0
58.9
37.7
62.6
78.2
55 6
54.4
66.6
69 5
64.5

38.3
64.6
41.5
71.9
72.8
59 0
55.4
65.2
70 2
61.9

35.5
63.3
40.3
72.1
73.6
55 4
53.3
65.8
71 1
61.6

37.4
60.7
40.3
74.4
68.8
57.6
51.4
65.9
71.9
P60.7

42.8
57.0
34.8
72.6
67.8
56.6
52.9
67.8
71.2
P63.2

50.9
52.4
38.3
77.2
65.5
58.7
58.7
71.1
64.2

65.3
43.3
35.4
77.2
64.6
58.5
57.0
71.2
65.3

66.9
40.0
35.8
74.6
62.2
56.9
59.7
72.3
70 1

68.5
34.0
34.0
71.6
61.9
59 5
62.0
70.9
73 4

64.3
30.9
46.6
73.6
61.6
59 3
62.0
65.9
74 6

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

79 1
77.8
74.6

81 8
81.4
73.9

78 7
81.2
71.2

78 4
79.8
66.8

78 1
78.7
63.2

79.7
76.2
57.9

76.2
73.6
62.9

76.2
76.9
59.5

77.5
75.6
57.7

76.6
76.8
58.6

78 1
76.1
60.9

78 4
77.8
57.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
66.5
28 5
55.2
78.7
58.7
55 6
67.3
69.9
75.1

44.7
65.2
29 7
62.2
78.9
59.7
56 6
65.8
70.2
69.5

41.1
62.9
33 0
67.3
80.2
58.2
52 7
64.8
71.5
68.2

37.4
64.9
38 8
71.1
77.1
57.6
52 9
66.8
73.9
P65.3

37.1
61.3
37 2
76.4
74.4
58.6
53 4
67.6
73.9
P63.8

37.5
58.0
36.8
78.2
72.6
57.6
56.0
69.5
69.1

44.4
50.3
34.5
79.4
70.1
57.6
55.6
71.3
70.2

51.9
43.0
33.8
79.5
68.6
56.2
57.0
73.5
74.6

61.2
39.0
34.8
78.2
64.9
59.5
62.3
73.2
73.5

70.9
32.2
38 1
77.2
63.9
59.7
61.6
71.5
73.9

68.9
32.5
39 1
78.1
61.6
58.3
62.9
71.8
74.5

66.2
28.7
43 1
77.7
62.6
55.6
63 2
72.2
75.8

Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979

79.2
81 9
75.9

80.1
82 2
75.4

81.8
81 8
74.8

81.9
81 9
72.1

84.8
83 0
68.2

84.7
82.8
66.0

84.5
83.4
66.0

83.4
81.4
63.6

83.7
81.7
59.7

83.0
75.8
57.6

82.5
78 1
52.0

82.1
75 5
48.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

47.0
71 2
32.4
57 0
81.7
59.5
54 4
66.6
76.2
P73.5

46.4
68 3
31.1
61 9
79.5
59.2
54 6
68.2
76.1
P74.2

46.8
68 1
29.7
66 5
78.7
59.2
53 9
68.2
74.8

45.3
61 3
30.4
72 8
77.1
56.9
55 6
71.8
74.6

43.7
53 4
30.4
75 8
76.2
56.6
55 2
71.9
75.8

43.8
48.0
31.4
77.2
74.1
58.5
56.3
72.5
74.9

43.6
42.3
35.0
76.8
73.1
55.9
57.2
72.2
78.1

42.8
38.8
35.1
80.7
70.2
55.9
59.3
74.1
75.5

44.3
36.4
38.8
80.4
69.1
56.7
60.0
75.4
75.5

50.6
33.1
43.4
81.4
65.2
55.6
62.0
72.5
74.8

57.2
34.1
46.7
83.0
63.8
55.2
61.3
73.8
74.9

62.2
32.2
51.4
81.9
61.5
53.7
63 6
76.9
74.1

See footnotes at end of table.




59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted-Continued
(Percent)
Manufacturing payrolls, 141 industries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1 -month span
1977
1978
1979

66.0
63.1
60.3

59.9
64.5
55.0

68.4
63.8
58.9

70.9
65.6
50.4

67.0
61.0
55.7

59.6
62.4
61.7

60.3
56.0
50.0

54.3
58.5
45.0

62.1
57.1
41.1

57.4
62.8
57.4

63.1
66.3
46.8

70.2
69.1
47.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
53.2
27.0
53.2
61.7
46.5
48.9
44.3
58.5
62.4

46.1
45.0
39.4
48.6
70.6
40.4
45.0
53.9
56.0
53.5

47.5
55.0
28.0
55.3
64.5
44.0
43.6
54.3
55.0
53.2

28.4
63.1
31.9
67.0
63.8
37.6
43.6
55.7
59.9
49.6

24.8
61.3
36.2
67.4
54.6
41.5
46.5
55.3
58.5
46.8

27.0
56.7
26.6
59.9
61.0
39.4
43.3
54.3
61.7
48.6

28.7
56.0
34.4
68.8
56.0
47.9
38.7
62.8
59.6
P48.6

58.2
42.2
28.4
64.9
52.8
48.6
51.1
59.9
51.1
P 52.1

55.0
39.4
35.5
68.1
42.9
37.9
48.6
63.8
49.3

63.1
30.5
26.6
70.9
52.8
44.3
45.0
59.9
62.8

61.7
29.4
26.2
62.4
44.7
44.0
50.7
65.6
64.9

53.9
23.4
39.4
62.1
48.6
50.7
52.8
56.4
58.5

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979

70.6
77.0
64.9

77.0
72.3
62.8

78.7
72.3
59.6

78.7
69.9
59.9

72.0
69.1
58.5

66.7
62.8
59.2

62.4
61.3
50.0

64.9
58.2
36.5

62.4
62.4
44.0

67.7
67.0
43.6

69.1
70.9
52.5

76.2
73.4
42.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

44.7
51.8
17.0
46.1
71.6
43.6
45.0
52.1
63.1
67.4

40.4
50.4
19.1
53.9
71.6
37.9
40.8
51.4
61.0
63.8

28.4
56.4
21.3
61.7
75.2
32.6
38.3
59.6
62.4
55.7

20.2
64.5
22.0
71.3
65.6
33.0
38.7
61.3
64.9
51.8

18.4
66.7
22.0
70.9
65.2
31.2
39.4
58.5
67.4
49.3

19.5
64.9
22.3
73.8
58.9
37.6
37.2
62.8
67.0
P48.9

27.7
55.0
18.1
70.6
57.1
40.8
37.2
67.0
64.5
P52.5

39.7
42.6
18.8
76.2
50.7
37.9
44.0
71.6
58.2

64.2
28.0
20.6
77.0
47.5
38.3
46.5
68.4
62.1

67.7
25.5
18.4
74.1
42.9
36.5
47.5
70.6
66.7

67.4
17.7
17.7
72.0
45.7
42.9
52.5
67.7
71.3

61.3
17.4
33.3
67.4
44.7
46.8
49.3
64.5
70.9

-

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

81.6
77.7
68.4

81.9
79.8
66.3

79.1
78.0
62.1

77.3
72.3
58.2

75.2
73.0
52.1

74.8
68.8
43.6

67.7
63.5
48.2

68.4
68.1
41.5

70.9
69.9
39.7

75.2
71.3
40.1

80.5
67.0
42.6

77.7
69.9
42.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

33.0
65.2
10.3
46.8
75.2
35.5
37.6
57.4
66.3
69.5

27.0
62.8
10.6
59.6
72.3
34.8
38.7
56.7
66.3
58.5

23.4
62.8
13.5
64.9
72.7
29.4
35.5
55.3
67.7
55.7

16.7
68.1
20.6
67.0
70.2
31.9
33.3
62.4
69.5
P52.5

17.4
61.7
15.6
75.5
62.1
33.3
34.0
64.9
66.7
P52.1

19.1
55.3
15.2
76.2
58.2
33.0
38.3
67.0
64.2

26.2
40.1
12.4
78.7
54.6
31.9
37.9
67.4
66.0

39.7
29.1
12.1
77.3
52.5
32.6
41.1
70.6
70.9

52.8
22.3
14.5
76.2
48.6
38.3
45.4
71.3
68.8

70.6
17.0
18.1
73.8
44.7
40.1
49.6
69.5
69.9

67.4
18.4
21.3
75.9
39.4
38.3
50.4
69.5
71.6

65.2
12.4
27.3
74.8
41.8
37.6
51.1
68.1
74.1

Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979

77.0
75.2
67.0

77.7
77.7
64.2

75.9
76.2
62.4

76.6
77.0
57.4

81.2
77.0
51.8

82.6
77.0
48.6

84.0
75.2
48.9

81.9
70.6
47.5

83.3
70.9
42.2

80.5
65.6
36.5

78.0
69.1
29.1

77.3
64.9
24.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

20.6
72.0
12.1
43.3
77.0
31.6
30.9
55.3
73.8
P63.5

22.3
69.1
12.4
50.0
72.3
30.9
30.1
58.5
70.2
P65.6

23.8
69.1
9.2
56.0
68.1
30.1
34.8
58.5
70.9

25.2
52.8
11.3
66.0
66.0
28.4
34.8
63.5
71.6

23.0
40.4
8.2
71.6
62.4
27.7
36.2
66.3
72.0

22.3
35.1
9.9
75.5
61.0
28.4
39.0
67.4
69.9

21.3
27.7
13.5
76.2
57.8
29.1
38.3
71.6
70.9

22.7
21.6
14.2
78.4
54.6
29.8
39.7
72.7
69.1

23.8
17.7
15.2
78.0
50.4
32.6
42.9
71.6
71.6

30.5
15.2
21.6
78.7
44.0
30.9
46.1
69.1
70.2

45.7
13.8
25.5
80.1
40.1
32.6
48.6
68.4
69.9

59.6
12.4
33.7
76.2
33.7
29.8
50.0
72.3
67.0

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus onehalf of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an

60




equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1985) are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
July
1988
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

June
1989

July
1989p

1,560.5
404.0
129.7
168.2
130.8
59.6

1,575.2
409.1
134.4
166.5
128.7
61.0

1,569.8
406.6
133.9
167.4
129.5
58.8

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

11.4
4.9
.1
.7
.1
2.7

11.4
5.3
.1
.7
.1
2.7

July
1988

6.2
2.9
.1

.7
.1
.8

81.1
25.7
6.0
10.3
9.4
3.3

June
1989
74.9
25.0
6.1
10.2
8.0
3.1

July
1989?

75.0
24.7
6.2
10.2
7.8
3.1

227.9

232.0

237.8

10.1

10.8

10.9

10.6

10.0

11.0

1,376.2
916.7
237.0

1,412.2
933.7
246.3

1,395.2
923.5
240.8

12.2
.7
1.8

12.1
.8
2.1

12.0
.8
2.1

95.2
65.6
17.1

90.9
60.9
16.9

91.8
61.5
16.8

857.4
49.5
78.8
235.8
32.8

889.0
51.1
77.1
243.3
34.0

881.6
51.2
77.1
241.5
33.6

4.4

35.4
1.8
2.6
10.7
1.7

34.8
1.8
2.6
10.6
1.9

35.8
1.8
2.7
10.9
1.9

12,030.8
1,130.4
159.7
206.1
4,089.6
108.9
837.1
215.5
619.2
566.4
907.2
941.8
821.4
144.0
125.7
147.2
131.1

12,453.6
1,165.9
162.5
213.1
4,197.0
115.7
874.8
223.5
641.7
597.8
957.6
958.8
826.0
149.9
130.7
148.9
136.1

12,365.0
1,155.5
160.0
210.6
4,167.1
119.4
868.8
223.2
632.4
593.2
948.4
955.8
825.9
147.1
128.5
148.5
136.8

1.5
.7
.1
.7

42.7
1.2
14.1
.5
9.9
1
()
3.6
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.7

618.4
67.1
10.1
12.4
147.7
7.4
51.4
14.5
54.4
35.2
58.7
36.0
34.2
6.7
9.2
8.9
10.1

646.3
69.9
9.4
12.5
155.8
8.2
52.5
15.2
55.3
36.4
62.2
36.8
33.7
7.0
9.1
8.8
11.1

654.1
69.9
10.0
12.8
156.2
8.2
53.5
15.4
55.9
37.1
62.4
37.2
34.4
7.0
9.5
8.8
11.4

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,424.1
107.3
802.8

1,451.6
108.5
813.9

1,439.0
107.5
805.7

20.4
.3
12.0

20.9
.3
12.1

62.4
3.8
33.7

59.6
3.7
30.5

61.2
3.8
31.1

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,663.7
197.5
483.4
64.9
258.2
126.7
85.2

1,709.1
206.0
494.3
66.9
267.9
128.0
89.6

1,690.9
201.1
489.0
65.3
265.3
127.8
84.4

1.5

84.0

.4

21.6

78.9
9.6
22.3

5.4

4.8

.4
.4

14.6
5.9
5.0

15.2
5.7
5.3

335.5
285.2

347.9
294.5

341.6
286.3

.1
.2

.1

.2

.1
.2

23.3
20.1

21.3
18.6

21.0
18.5

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

686.2
2,183.5

692.5
2,261.9

699.3
2,263.9

.1

1.2

.1
1.2

.1
1.2

13.4
145.3

13.5
151.2

13.4
153.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,022.6
116.4
475.7
113.6
405.3
152.6
845.0
501.0
124.2
107.9
111.7
822.4
328.5

5,261.4
121.6
495.0
124.3
421.7
158.6
875.1
522.3
126.9
113.8
116.8
860.5
359.8

5,194.4
119.9
486.3
122.0
417.4
158.5
861.2
517.9
125.5
112.5
114.4
854.0
349.6

9.5

351.7
8.6
37.6
12.7
26.7
8.9
40.9
37.5
8.3
10.0
5.8
57.7
29.9

349.4
8.5
37.0
14.1
27.7
9.2
38.7
36.8

348.3

Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

4.4

4.4
(1)

0

.9
.4

1.0
.4
1

43.1
1.4
14.6
.6
9.9
3.3
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.6

3.6
2.9
1.3
.6
.8
.9
.1

21.0
.3
13.1
1.6
(1)

1.5
(1)

.4
1

(1)

(1)

9.0
(1)

(1)

9.5
(1)

(1)

(1)

.3

.3
(1)
.6

.9
.3

.3

0
.7

.6
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)

.9

0

.9
(1)
.4

.3
(1)
(1)

,7

O

()
.4
.4

.5

(1)

.8
(1)

9.8

1

( )
.4

O

(1)
.4

1

( )

0

()

42.3
1.2
14.2
.6
10.0

0

.9
.4

1

O

()

0

(1)

0
(1)

.8

8.4

10.4
5.7
56.9
29.9

80.6
9.8

22.4
5.0
15.5
6.1
5.4

8.6

36.7
14.0
27.6
9.3

38.8
36.8
8.5
10.3
5.6
57.0
29.8

See footnotes at end of table.




61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1988
Alabama
Birmingham ..
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa ..

381.0
57.3
32.9
26.6
19.0
10.0

June
1989
387.4
59.0
33.5
25.4
18.3
10.2

July
1989?
382.4
58.3
33.5
25.3
18.0
10.1

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

80.4
32.8
2.9
10.2
5.1
2.0

79.5
31.9
3.0
10.0
5.1
2.0

79.8
32.0
3.0
10.0
5.1
2.0

July
1988
339.0
98.7
24.6
44.0
29.4
12.5

June
1989
345.5
101.5
25.6
44.5
29.5
12.8

July
1989p
345.0
101.3
25.5
44.4
29.6
12.8

24.4

18.1

22.1

18.2

24.2

25.5

44.6

45.5

45.9

Arizona ...
Phoenix
Tucson..,

191.0
139.1
30.4

189.6
139.1
28.7

189.5
139.1
28.4

72.0
50.0
9.1

73.1
51.0
9.5

72.8
50.6
9.5

343.0
232.6
56.5

359.4
242.5
58.5

356.3
240.0
58.2

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff

230.3
12.8
28.5
34.5
6.6

236.2
13.1
26.8
35.3
6.7

235.2
13.2
26.7
35.2
6.6

51.1
4.6
4.2
16.8
2.5

52.2
4.8
4.3
17.7
2.6

52.3
4.8
4.3
17.7
2.6

196.2
11.7
16.0
57.2
7.1

200.9
12.0
15.5
57.7
7.4

201.1
12.1
15.4
57.7
7.4

2,153.6
258.0
10.6
22.5
901.2
24.6
109.8
30.6
81.5
42.9
127.6
79.9
276.4
22.0
19.5
24.8
13.3

2,170.9
258.9
10.4
22.4
900.6
25.5
110.4
30.4
82.4
42.3
132.4
80.7
274.7
22.0
19.8
23.6
12.3

2,177.7
257.9
10.4
22.8
893.2
30.7
111.6
30.1
82.5
43.2
132.5
81.2
278.4
22.0
20.0
25.0
13.5

591.6
34.0
7.1
11.5
204.3
4.6
56.5
11.2
30.7
25.2
35.4
77.6
21.7
5.0
5.9
9.2
4.7

597.0
34.5
7.4
11.4
205.3
4.8
59.1
11.7
30.5
26.4
35.7
77.8
21.9
5.1
5.8
9.3
4.7

601.0
34.2
7.6
11.6
206.8
5.0
59.9
11.8
30.7
27.0
35.8
78.7
22.0
5.2
5.9
9.5
4.8

2,879.5
282.7
38.9
53.6
950.2
28.5
206.9
53.1
156.7
137.7
222.7
211.1
160.7
35.2
32.9
34.4
32.1

2,946.5
290.8
38.2
54.1
975.3
29.6
213.9
55.7
158.0
141.4
231.3
214.0
160.3
35.7
33.2
34.8
33.2

2,949.4
292.9
38.4
54.2
974.0
29.5
215.3
55.5
157.0
142.5
232.0
214.4
160.9
35.7
33.5
34.6
33.5

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont...
Denver

190.4
29.9
95.3

191.5
29.1
96.2

191.9
29.4
96.1

91.6
2.3
67.3

91.2
2.3
66.3

91.5
2.3
66.8

354.5
23.2
198.3

359.6
23.4
201.2

359.8
23.3
199.9

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury

360.5
53.0
89.8
18.4
46.5
22.9
21.7

371.1
56.1
89.5
18.8
48.3
21.8
23.6

363.8
54.5
89.1
17.8
47.2
21.7
19.5

71.7
7.9
18.1
3.0
17.6
5.6
3.0

73.4
8.5
19.2
3.1
18.4
5.7
3.1

71.1
8.2
18.5
3.2
18.1
5.8
2.8

378.3
47.1
102.6
13.5
60.3
29.6
16.8

391.9
47.3
105.6
14.2
62.0
29.9
17.5

390.2
46.7
104.6
13.9
61.9
29.7
17.4

Delaware
Wilmington .

70.2
59.2

72.8
61.9

66.5
55.3

13.8
14.9

14.1
15.4

13.8
15.2

74.2
59.6

75.9
60.7

76.8
61.2

District of Columbia .
Washington MSA

16.5
88.3

16.1
86.9

16.1
86.6

25.4
107.2

25.7
113.0

25.6
113.7

64.5
430.3

67.0
442.5

66.6
443.6

536.5
11.7
45.5
5.8
38.4
29.3
92.6
57.3
11.1
8.5
4.9
96.1
34.6

544.4
11.9
46.9
6.6
39.6
30.2
92.0
56.6
11.3
8.9
4.9
98.0
33.9

540.0
11.9
45.9
6.6
39.6
30.2
90.8
56.7
11.3
8.8
4.9
97.5
33.6

259.4
3.6
22.9
5.2
27.2
5.6
69.7
25.9
6.7
3.4
2.8
39.2
12.5

259.6
3.7
23.0
5.2
27.5
6.0
64.8
26.0
6.6
3.4
2.8
39.8
13.0

259.5
3.7
23.0
5.3
27.2
6.0
64.9
26.0
6.5
3.4
2.8
39.9
13.0

1,370.5
34.8
141.7
33.4
114.1
35.8
232.1
130.3
32.0
31.3
24.1
225.5
86.9

1,437.4
36.5
148.4
36.3
117.1
37.0
240.3
134.6
32.3
34.1
25.0
238.1
98.4

1,429.2
36.4
146.3
35.9
116.6
37.3
237.6
134.6
32.4
33.7
25.0
238.5
96.0

Alaska .

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .
See footnotes at end of table.

62




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance.
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
July
1988
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

71.1
28.9
3.7
8.0
7.7
2.1

June
1989
71.6
27.7
3.9
7.8
7.6
2.2

July
1989?
71.8
27.9
3.9
7.9
7.6
2.1

July
1988
286.6
94.7
30.5
38.6
27.9
8.5

June
1989
295.1
96.9
31.7
39.1
28.7
8.9

July
1989?
297.0
97.2
31.8
38.5
29.8
8.9

July
1988
309.9
60.6
29.0
29.8
32.2
18.5

June
1989
309.8
62.2
30.5
28.8
31.4
19.1

July
1989?
312.6
62.3
29.9
30.4
31.5
19.0

Alaska

10.8

10.6

10.7

45.6

45.9

46.5

63.6

66.9

65.2

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

93.2
74.3
12.3

92.0
73.4
11.6

92.0
73.4
11.6

359.1
242.9
66.3

368.1
246.4
69.0

366.4
244.4
69.1

210.5
111.5
43.5

227.0
119.6
50.0

214.4
113.7
45.1

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

38.2
1.5
2.7
16.1
1.4

38.5
1.4
2.6
15.9
1.3

38.7
1.5
2.6
16.0
1.3

164.1
7.6
16.9
56.9
6.6

172.4
8.1
16.8
59.4
6.8

173.3
8.1
17.3
59.6
6.9

137.7
9.5
6.9
43.2
6.9

149.6
9.9
7.6
46.3
7.3

140.8
9.7
7.2
44.0
6.9

816.9
92.6
6.4
12.2
287.3
4.4
55.7
11.2
27.7
35.9
64.4
111.9
32.7
8.6
8.7
8.7
4.6

827.6
91.7
6.5
11.8
288.8
4.3
56.5
11.3
28.3
37.3
65.4
110.7
33.2
8.7
8.5
8.6
4.6

830.1
91.7
6.5
11.8
289.0
4.3
56.7
11.3
28.3
37.7
65.8
111.1
33.3
8.7
8.6
8.6
4.7

3,078.9
286.0
33.9
50.5
1,093.6
22.8
199.7
51.3
146.8
124.8
243.7
294.5
211.6
40.0
28.9
30.6
28.9

3,182.3
294.9
33.8
51.6
1,126.6
23.6
211.1
54.0
152.5
131.6
257.3
299.7
213.9
41.0
29.6
31.1
30.8

3,180.4
296.1
33.7
52.8
1,126.5
23.6
210.3
54.3
150.0
132.2
259.0
299.1
213.7
40.8
29.9
30.8
30.5

1,848.8
108.6
38.1
42.8
495.4
16.6
153.8
40.7
120.1
164.0
153.9
129.9
84.0
25.0
19.9
30.5
36.8

2,040.7
124.0
42.6
48.7
534.6
19.7
167.7
42.3
133.4
181.8
172.5
138.2
88.2
28.9
24.0
32.6
38.7

1,929.6
111.6
39.3
44.1
511.5
18.1
157.9
41.9
126.7
172.8
160.1
133.2
83.1
26.2
20.4
31.1
37.7

95.4
4.0
63.6

94.7
4.1
62.9

95.1
4.1
63.2

360.3
23.7
213.9

364.3
23.7
216.0

366.1
23.7
217.1

248.5
20.1
117.6

270.3
21.9
128.8

252.5
20.6
119.4

155.8
13.1
77.0
4.3
16.4
14.1
4.7

156.9
13.5
76.6
4.6
17.1
14.7
4.8

157.2
13.5
76.9
4.6
17.2
14.7
4.8

412.6
48.8
113.7
14.1
71.4
38.0
21.6

421.9
51.0
117.0
14.6
74.3
39.0
22.3

423.2
50.8
116.1
14.6
74.3
39.3
22.2

199.2
17.8
60.2
6.2
31.0
10.1
12.4

213.5
20.0
63.7
6.8
32.2
10.8
13.0

203.3
17.6
61.0
6.2
30.7
10.1
12.3

29.7
26.4

33.3
28.9

33.4
29.0

77.0
68.0

81.1
69.8

81.1
69.4

47.2
36.8

49.3
39.0

48.9
37.5

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

34.9
129.3

35.2
132.9

35.1
134.2

242.1
708.7

254.6
743.3

254.6
746.1

289.2
573.3

280.3
590.9

287.7
584.7

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach ..

366.7
6.4
39.7
8.0
39.2
5.7
70.8
33.4
5.6
8.4
4.9
66.0
27.9

375.3
6.3
39.8
8.9
39.5
5.7
73.1
34.1
5.6
8.5
5.0
66.6
28.8

376.5
6.3
40.1
8.8
39.8
5.8
73.3
34.3
5.6
8.6
5.0
66.7
28.7

1,397.4
33.2
130.6
32.4
104.0
45.6
230.2
164.0
32.2
33.3
23.7
239.6
97.6

1,472.6
34.1
134.2
34.7
109.5
47.9
241.5
174.1
32.8
34.4
24.1
253.1
109.0

1,467.0
34.2
133.8
34.5
109.1
47.7
239.2
174.5
32.6
34.3
24.1
252.8
107.1

731.4
18.1
57.4
16.0
55.1
21.6
107.8
52.5
28.0
12.9
45.2
97.6
39.0

813.2
20.6
65.4
18.4
60.2
22.5
123.8
59.9
29.6
14.1
49.0
107.2
46.7

764.4
18.8
60.2
16.8
56.8
22.1
115.7
54.8
28.2
13.4
46.7
100.8
41.3

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

2,885.9
64.1
1,424.0
159.4
95.2
121.6
106.1

2,938.3
65.6
1,438.6
159.2
95.8
123.8
106.1

2,932.4
66.1
1,443.1
159.2
95.6
123.5
106.5

Hawaii
Honolulu .

478.6
379.6

493.2
388.8

493.2
388.3

Idaho
Boise City

352.0
93.0

364.9
98.1

361.8
98.4

5,092.1
142.5
57.4

5,175.1
149.5

5,160.3

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins.
Savannah

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline..
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

83.6
3,133.1

61.2
87.3
3,178.4

155.6
51.7
97.7
33.0
199.6
140.4
127.7
100.6

157.9
53.0
99.5
34.7
206.5
144.4
132.0
101.6

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette ....
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,400.5
48.1

2,475.8
50.2
55.6
106.9
133.7

49.9
111.4
52.0

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls ....

51.9
103.5
130.0
190.9
231.7

147.0
60.3
86.0
3,172.2
157.6
52.4
98.4
34.2
206.2
143.3

June
1989

July
1988

9.0
.1

July
1989p

23.6
18.8

26.7
20.5

27.2
21.0

4.1

16.3
5.2

16.5
5.0

17.1
5.1

20.9

220.3
7.6
1.9
2.8
138.3
5.0
2.7
5.8
1.3
10.1
6.0
4.6
2.9

217.4
8.4
2.5
2.8
139.4
5.1
2.7
5.7
1.3
11.6
6.5
4.7
3.1

220.4
8.6
2.6
2.8
143.0
5.2
2.7
6.1
1.3
12.4
6.4
4.7
3.1

7.8

120.9

123.2

1.6
2.6
3.1
7.8

1.7
3.3

128.5
1.8
3.5
3.3
8.2

10.2

10.7
15.6
35.4
3.9
2.2
7.3
2.6

11.0
16.3
37.4

5.9
2.3

3.5

4.0

21.4

20.9

0)
(1)
0

O
2.4

10.8
5.2
5.3
6.7

1.7

O

01
()
0

10.6
5.1
5.3
6.4

V)
V)

()

0
0
1

147.0
2.4
69.2

V)

0

2.3

o
(1)
o

2.3

0

o
o1
()
o

0
()

o

127.7
101.1

2,450.3
49.0
54.0

8.7

8.4
>
)
)

105.4

63.8
51.1
118.3
54.7

1,151.5
88.0
213.8
40.8
51.6
61.3

1,201.1
91.3
222.8
41.8
53.7
64.4

1,183.4
89.9
221.2
41.7
53.0
63.5

2.5
.1

Kansas ....
Topeka ..
Wichita...

1,024.2
89.2
234.4

1,059.9
91.3
243.8

1,042.0

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette.
Louisville
Owensboro

1,363.3

1,400.1

1,384.8

189.1
454.5
33.5

195.3
461.8

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,501.0
45.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

64




July
1989?

146.2
2.4
68.5

8.8
.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1

2.2

628.7
62.3

June
1989

154.7
2.6
73.2
10.4
5.2
5.4
6.6

8.9
.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1

1.5
.5
.1
.1

133.0
197.3
240.5
644.6
63.3
50.3
117.6
54.2

198.3
241.3
649.5

July

)
)
.9

13.8
34.2
3.3
2.2

3.1
7.8

4.1
2.4
7.6
2.7

2.3
.1

2.3
.1

43.6
3.2
7.7
1.2
1.9
2.3

43.1
3.0
7.2
1.1
1.9
2.7

43.8
3.0
7.4
1.2
1.8
2.8

()

0
V)
9.9

10.0

2.2

1.9

1.9

46.8
3.6
10.7

44.0
3.0
10.2

45.3
3.2
10.3

461.0
33.8

36.6
.3
.9
.7

34.6
.2
1.2
.6

34.3
.2
1.2
.6

66.9
12.1
22.7
2.3

64.6
12.2
21.5

66.5
12.7
21.8
2.1

1,520.9
45.7
218.7
55.5

1,513.8
45.2

57.1
.2

57.1
.2
1.0
6.3

86.4
54.7
522.4

86.8
2.4
24.3
1.8
3.3
2.5

519.3
129.9

85.7
54.7
522.4
127.5

1.0
6.0
11.6

57.3
.2
1.0
6.3

23.;
6.7

90.2
2.2
24.0
1.9
3.8
2.3
23.0
6.4

89.5
2.2

219.3
55.3

526.1
39.2
130.3

534.9
41.0
136.7

531.4
39.8
136.6

38.0
2.6
9.8

35.3
2.3
9.9

36.1
2.5
10.0

217.7
54.0
86.7
54.6

34.1

90.0

241.0

V)

196.0

11.4
.4

126.3

11.6

15.3
3.0

15.2
3.4

15.3
3.1

.2
()

0

O

2.1

24.4
1.9
3.6
2.3
22.9
6.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
Dublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

575.1
14.8
184.9
36.2
20.3
19.2
17.5

564.5
15.0
172.7
36.2
21.1
19.0
17.6

564.4
15.2
175.7
35.9
21.0
19.0
17.7

183.7
1.8
121.0
4.5
3.6
5.3
9.9

182.8
2.0
117.1
4.4
3.7
5.3
10.1

184.4
2.0
118.6
4.4
3.8
5.3
10.1

739.3
14.2
401.2
35.1
21.4
28.4
26.4

761.4
14.3
411.3
34.9
20.9
28.4
25.9

762.6
14.4
413.4
35.2
20.9
28.5
26.0

Hawaii
Honolulu

22.9
17.1

22.3
16.5

22.0
16.5

37.9
31.2

39.8
32.8

40.2
33.1

129.3
100.8

130.0
101.4

131.5
102.1

Idaho
Boise City

60.1
13.3

61.9
14.6

62.3
14.8

18.7
5.2

18.8
5.3

18.8
5.3

88.6
23.6

90.2
24.7

90.7
25.3

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

972.2
38.2
6.2
8.4
561.7
32.1
13.6
19.0
5.1
43.6
33.7
42.0
4.0

986.8
39.0
8.1
9.0
568.9
32.9
13.8
19.6
5.7
44.6
35.7
45.9
3.7

978.3
38.6
8.2
8.9
562.2
32.8
13.9
19.4
5.7
44.5
35.8
42.8
3.6

299.6
3.1
2.6
2.3
188.6
8.0
5.0
8.4
1.3
7.0
7.0
5.1
4.8

304.3
2.9
2.6
2.3
190.3
8.1
5.1
8.3
1.3
7.2
7.0
5.1
5.0

301.1
2.9
2.6
2.3
189.8
8.1
5.1
8.2
1.3
7.1
7.1
5.1
4.9

1,261.2
38.6
13.1
20.0
778.8
42.8
11.4
22.9
8.3
55.3
34.3
28.8
22.4

1,294.8
40.5
13.3
20.2
787.3
43.3
11.7
23.0
8.5
59.0
34.1
28.8
22.3

1,298.8
40.1
13.2
19.8
784.7
43.4
11.6
22.9
8.5
59.2
34.0
28.7
22.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

633.7
16.5
9.7
57.1
31.3
53.1
56.5
106.4
12.3
11.0
23.3
10.2

638.6
16.7
10.6
57.9
31.8
54.1
57.8
107.7
12.4
11.1
23.5
10.3

634.9
16.4
10.7
56.9
31.5
53.4
58.6
107.9
12.5
10.9
23.4
10.3

125.6
1.4
1.7
2.8
6.5
12.8
15.6
39.7
1.9
2.4
5.3
3.0

130.1
1.5
1.8
3.0
6.7
13.4
15.9
41.3
1.9
2.4
5.4
3.3

130.1
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
13.3
16.0
41.6
2.0
2.4
5.5
3.3

578.5
11.4
12.0
19.0
33.9
47.7
55.4
163.0
13.2
12.7
30.1
15.0

592.1
11.8
12.3
19.7
34.8
49.2
58.1
168.6
13.1
13.3
31.1
15.0

590.4
11.8
12.3
19.7
34.9
49.3
58.7
168.9
13.4
13.1
31.0
15.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

229.0
23.3
25.8
12.2
9.8
14.7

236.8
24.0
26.5
12.6
10.5
15.5

236.1
24.0
26.3
12.6
10.5
15.6

55.4
5.4
12.6
1.8
3.1
1.8

56.2
5.6
12.6
1.8
3.5
1.9

56.2
5.7
12.7
1.8
3.4
1.9

298.7
21.2
55.7
9.9
13.6
14.9

308.4
22.0
58.1
10.2
13.8
15.6

309.0
21.8
58.1
10.2
13.7
15.4

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

182.7
9.2
61.5

184.4
9.5
64.4

186.0
9.4
64.0

64.8
6.8
10.8

66.0
6.7
11.7

65.8
6.7
11.6

259.1
21.5
54.9

262.3
22.2
55.2

259.1
22.2
54.9

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

275.3
31.7
88.1
5.9

283.7
34.7
87.9
6.4

282.2
34.4
87.5
6.2

73.7
8.3
28.5
2.2

75.5
8.2
29.3
2.1

75.8
8.3
29.2
2.1

327.7
42.3
113.0
8.7

334.6
43.7
111.5
8.7

335.1
43.8
111.3
8.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

170.4
3.3
19.2
4.8
7.2
6.9
43.4
18.1

173.7
3.5
19.8
4.6
7.0
7.2
43.9
17.9

172.2
3.5
19.8
4.5
6.9
7.1
43.7
17.8

107.4
2.1
10.5
6.2
6.1
2.9
44.6
8.1

108.7
2.1
10.4
6.2
5.9
2.9
44.6
8.1

109.8
2.1
10.4
6.3
6.2
2.9
44.4
8.2

360.1
11.0
52.7
14.0
23.8
14.2
134.6
32.1

364.1
10.7
53.2
14.1
23.5
13.7
135.0
31.5

364.3
10.6
53.3
14.0
23.3
13.7
135.1
31.7

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

103.3
9.4
17.3

107.7
10.1
17.5

104.5
9.1
17.0

21.6
1.5
5.5

22.0
1.4
5.5

22.1
1.4
5.6

133.2
10.0
39.5

132.5
10.4
41.0

135.6
10.5
41.6

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Sovernment

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

163.0
1.9
104.1
5.9
6.6
7.6
4.7

163.9
2.0
105.0
5.5
6.5
8.1
4.6

164.3
1.9
105.8
5.5
6.5
8.0
4.6

577.1
10.4
339.8
33.2
17.4
23.3
25.1

596.2
10.3
352.7
33.4
17.6
23.3
24.8

599.3
11.0
355.6
33.4
17.4
23.4
24.7

484.1
18.2
198.1
33.6
20.5
32.3
16.0

514.5
19.4
209.7
33.7
20.8
34.3
16.7

501.7
19.0
203.4
33.5
20.7
33.8
16.7

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.3
29.8

35.9
30.1

35.9
30.0

132.1
100.4

137.4
102.9

137.8
103.4

97.5
81.5

101.1
84.6

98.6
82.2

Idaho
Boise City

19.6
7.8

19.3
7.7

19.4
7.8

73.3
21.2

76.5
22.5

76.6
22.5

71.9
16.7

77.7
18.3

72.7
17.6

373.5
8.6
10.0
3.4
273.5
8.2
2.2
3.8
1.6
7.2
7.4
5.3
8.1

375.4
8.9
10.1
3.5
274.3
8.3
2.2
3.8
1.6
7.1
7.6
5.4
8.2

377.1
8.7
10.0
3.5
275.7
8.3
2.2
3.8
1.6
7.1
7.6
5.4
8.4

1,245.0
32.2
13.4
16.8
829.4
32.8
11.6
22.1
8.9
46.9
37.0
30.2
25.8

1,251.9
33.8
13.6
17.2
842.1
33.1
11.9
22.2
9.7
45.3
37.4
30.1
26.2

1,264.0
34.0
13.5
17.4
849.8
33.1
11.7
22.1
9.5
45.8
37.4
30.2
26.1

698.9
14.1
10.2
29.9
360.4
26.7
5.2
15.4
6.5
29.1
15.0
11.7
32.5

723.6
16.0
11.0
32.3
373.8
27.1
5.6
16.9
6.6
31.7
16.1
12.0
33.1

699.7
14.1
10.2
31.3
364.7
26.7
5.2
15.9
6.3
30.1
15.0
10.8
32.6

122.1
1.7
2.0
2.7
5.3
12.7
8.4
49.5
3.1
1.7
6.2
2.0

126.2
1.7
2.3
2.9
5.4
13.2
8.6
49.9
3.3
1.7
6.4
2.1

126.6
1.7
2.2
3.0
5.4
13.4
8.6
50.1
3.2
1.7
6.5
2.0

479.5
9.9
8.6
13.8
31.1
39.7
50.7
145.2
11.2
11.0
30.4
9.8

502.4
10.2
9.6
14.5
32.3
41.8
53.8
151.4
12.3
11.4
33.5
12.0

502.0
10.2
9.8
14.5
32.3
41.9
53.1
151.3
12.1
11.3
33.2
11.5

331.5
5.7
15.2
5.0
11.9
14.7
31.3
89.9
17.3
8.9
10.3
9.3

354.9
6.5
15.9
5.8
13.0
15.9
31.6
94.3
16.9
9.0
11.0
9.2

330.0
5.7
13.7
5.2
12.3
150
29.1
86.5
16.1
8.5
10.6
9.2

66.9
4.8
29.4
1.4
2.5
3.0

68.7
5.0
30.8
1.5
2.6
2.9

69.1
5.0
31.2
1.5
2.6
2.9

259.3
20.7
53.8
11.2
14.3
14.0

269.7
21.7
57.0
11.2
14.6
14.4

267.9
21.6
56.6
11.4
14.5
14.2

196.1
9.3
28.6
3.0
6.4
10.5

215.9
9.9
30.4
3.3
6.8
11.3

199.0
8.7
28.7
2.9
6.5
10.6

58.9
6.6
11.1

59.0
6.7
10.9

59.0
6.7
10.8

212.6
21.0
56.4

222.1
21.3
59.6

221.9
21.1
59.5

188.8
20.4
26.8

212.2
21.8
29.9

194.9
20.6
28.0

59.9
9.2
27.4
1.4

59.0
9.3
26.7
1.4

59.1
9.3
26.6
1.4

293.0
42.4
113.3
7.8

305.0
42.5
121.1
7.9

302.6
42.1
120.8
7.9

230.2
42.8
60.6
4.5

243.1
44.5
62.6
4.9

229.2
45.2
62.6
4.8

82.4
2.6
13.7
2.2
3.6
4.4
34.0
6.8

80.6
2.6
13.4
2.2
3.5
4.2
33.3
6.2

80.2
2.6
13.5
2.2
3.5
4.2
33.2
6.2

326.4
11.3
46.0
9.2
18.7
11.7
136.3
31.7

330.3
11.6
46.3
9.6
18.7
12.1
138.0
30.3

329.6
11.6
46.3
9.7
18.5
12.2
137.2
30.4

310.4
12.2
50.3
9.8
12.4
11.5
88.0
23.0

316.2
12.8
50.6
10.6
11.9
11.9
89.3
24.1

310.9
12.4
50.6
10.4
12.8
11.8
90 6
22.7

25.6
2.2
12.3

25.8
2.3
12.1

25.9
2.2
12.1

123.3
10.2
31.7

118.3
10.6
34.5

123.7
10.6
35.2

80.9
3.3
14.2

93.1
3.9
16.2

83.3
3.5
15.1

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
ChamDaian-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
DavenDort—Rock Island—Moline
Decatur
Joliet

Kankakee
Lake County
Rockford
Snrinafield
Indiana
Bloominaton
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wavne
Garv-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafavette-West Lafavette
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
Iowa
Cedar Raoids
Des Moines
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Kansas
Wichita
Kentucky
Louisville

Alexandria
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

66




•••••

•

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,104.2
1,122.3
472.6
747.0

2,140.2
1,136.8
475.4
769.5

2,131.9
1,135.0
477.8
763.6

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,114.3
1,740.5
73.6
54.2
39.9
165.4
107.4
67.2
43.2
239.2
205.3

3,174.3
1,772.7
76.6
57.4
42.8
169.5
112.2
70.3
44.3
246.2
217.7

3,137.2
1,747.7
75.1
54.8
41.6
165.3
109.4
68.2
44.3
241.2
213.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,773.2
168.5
58.2
65.7
1,882.6
160.9
328.4
52.1
105.6
204.6
58.1
155.1

3,886.3
170.4
59.9
67.4
1,954.6
169.1
339.8
54.7
110.0
216.7
58.1
158.4

3,834.3
169.6
58.6
67.0
1,932.9
167.3
337.9
54.2
108.0
208.1
58.4
158.5

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,029.5
91.4
1,323.5
60.1
70.1

2,105.1
93.7
1,371.8
63.0
74.6

2,084.3
92.2
1,359.8
62.8
74.0

890.2
179.3

914.3
184.7

905.8
183.4

6.4
1.0

2,230.3
755.0
1,141.0
110.9

2,278.4
770.6
1,158.2
112.7

2,262.5
764.6
1,157.4
112.6

Montana

276.6

288.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

686.2
115.8
308.9

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

July
1988

June
1989

1.8
.3

July
1988

July
1989?

1.7
.3

1.7
.3

June
1989

July
1989?

167.3
78.6
20.2
69.4

162.7
77.5
20.1
68.9

166.4
79.0
20.4
69.6

152.5
76.6
4.4
3.4
2.8
8.5
6.3
3.7
2.9
11.1
11.5

146.5
76.3
4.6
3.8
2.9
8.2
6.7
4.1
3.0
11.3
11.4

148.3
77.4
4.8
3.8
2.9
8.3
6.7
4.1
3.1
11.4
11.5

147.3
6.9
2.0
1.8
68.5
5.5
18.0
1.6
3.8
7.2
2.6
8.5

140.6
6.1
2.3
1.7
67.1
5.5
18.0
1.7
3.8
6.5
2J
7.6

145.9
6.7
2.4
1.8
70.4
6.1
18.4
1.8
4.0
6.7
2.7
8.1

7.9
5.2

89.4
3.7
58.5
2.3
3.8

87.3
3.6
57.4
2.3
4.3

90.5
3.7
59.6
2.3
4.3

5.8
.9

5.7
.9

38.1
8.9

34.7
8.4

34.4
8.4

5.4
.6
3.3
.1

5.4
.5
3.2
.1

5.4
.5
3.3
.1

101.0
35.5
58.4
4.9

95.2
33.6
55.5
4.7

98.1
34.7
57.5
4.8

282.0

6.3

6.4

6.6

9.5

9.6

10.2

716.7
121.1
322.1

708.0
120.2
319.7

1.8

1.9

1.9
.2

26.6
4.6
12.5

28.2
4.2
12.6

28.7
4.3
13.0

541.4
305.5
138.5

575.9
329.8
144.4

579.6
332.2
144.7

13.4
.2
1.5

38.1
23.0
8.1

44.1
28.3
8.7

44.7
28.7
8.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

530.0
84.7
94.7
112.5

540.5
86.9
96.6
115.2

532.5
84.8
92.7
112.3

.7

40.5
6.6
5.2
6.9

35.1
6.3
4.6
5.8

36.0
6.4
4.5
6.0

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

3,685.2
186.4
671.4
432.6
245.1
530.2
341.8
955.0
197.3
57.8

3,728.7
185.6
689.6
446.7
249.5
546.6
348.7
971.2
200.2
59.2

3,721.1
193.6
685.1
443.8
248.7
547.4
351.5
968.7
197.6
59.1

183.8
10.9
34.0
25.1
7.3
25.2
22.3
41.2
5.8
2.6

182.3
12.1
34.8
25.5
7.8
25.4
23.7
41.5
6.0
2.4

184.8
12.1
35.4
26.2
7.8
26.0
24.2
42.2
6.4
2.4

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

0

.6

1

0

()
.5

0
(1)
(1)
0
0

1.4
1.0
1

0
0
.2
.1
.1
.1

11.1

0
()

.5

1.4
1.0

1.7
.9

.8

(1)
(1)
(1)
( )
(1)

()

(1)

.2
.1
.1
.1

.1
.1
.2

11.2
(1)
1
()
()
.9
(1)
1
()

11.2
(1)

0

0
0

1

0
(2)
(2)

()
{)
(2)

.2

.2

11.6
.2
1.4

0

13.2
.2
1.5

.8
(2)

.7
(2)

.1
.2

C)

(2)

.2
.1
(1)

.7
.7

(1)

O

.2
.1

(1)
.7

.6

0
.7
(1)

.4

2.5

2.5
(1)

.1
.1

(1)

.1
.1

.1
.1

2.3

0

.8

(1)

7.7
5.1

(1)

0

(1)

0
(1)
1
(1)
()

7.5
4.9

0
(?)
(2)

.1

(1)

0

0
0
0

0
0

0)
(1)
(1)

0

.7

(1)
.4

.4

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore Citv
Suburban Maryland-D C

210.6
134.0
45.3
36.0

207.1
129.9
45.2
36.6

206.8
130.4
45.3
36.8

96.8
54.9
27.6
28.4

95-9
56.1
28.2
28.3

96.3
55.7
27.9
28.1

538.8
275.7
96.5
199.9

544.7
279.2
96.9
204.7

546.8
279.3
96.6
205.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchbura-Leominster
LawrencG HavGrhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

577.4
270.6
10.8
14.1
11.1
50.0
36.3
18.4
10.8
50.3
44.4

575.7
267.6
11.0
14.9
12.4
47.6
35.9
18.1
11.0
50.4
46.3

562.9
264.1
10.5
13.9
12.0
46.4
35.3
17.0
10.8
49.2
45.6

132.3
76.3
5.0
1.9
1.6
6.8
4.8
2.8
1.2
9.4
9.4

137.1
77.5
5.1
2.0
1.5
7.5
5.6
3.0
1.2
10.6
9.8

133.3
76.3
4.9
1.7
1.3
7.1
5.5
2.8
1.2
10.0
9.5

739.2
388.3
22.7
14.4
9.9
37.3
23.0
16.4
9.9
57.0
50.0

741.9
388.8
23.1
14.5
10.3
38.8
24.0
17.0
10.4
59.1
52.9

735.6
382.9
22.9
14.3
10.1
38.5
23.5
16.7
10.5
58.2
52.0

939.7
38.3
15.5
22.5
449.0
47.5
98.7
13.2
30.3
33.5
16.9
43.1

952.0
33.9
15.7
22.3
471.0
50.6
100.6
14.0
30.5
32.7
16.5
43.3

931.3
33.7
15.1
22.3
461.4
48.4
99.8
13.4
29.7
32.2
16.4
42.9

158.1
4.5
1.9
2.4
89.3
4.2
11.6
4.2
3.2
5.5
2.4
6.9

156.2
4.0
1.8
2.4
88.2
4.2
12.2
4.2
3.3
5.5
2.3
7.0

156.0
4.0
1.8
2.4
88.2
4.2
12.2
4.2
3.4
5.6
2.3
7.0

896.1
31.3
11.9
14.3
447.7
43.8
85.8
11.9
24.2
44.7
13.8
37.0

923.4
33.4
12.4
15.1
466.8
46.2
90.1
12.4
26.0
47.7
13.8
37.1

924.8
34.0
12.4
15.2
467.0
46.0
90.1
12.4
26.1
46.7
14.1
37.3

401.5
8.0
267.2
11.4
13.5

401.7
8.2
268.8
11.6
13.9

404.4
8.2
268.9
12.0
14.2

100.9
5.9
69.7
1.7
3.6

105.3
6.0
73.1
1.8
3.8

105.0
6.0
72.9
1.8
4.0

513.9
23.1
331.2
12.4
21.1

529.1
23.0
340.7
12.9
22.8

528.5
23.2
340.9
13.0
22.9

239.1
20.9

244.1
21.3

241.5
21.0

44.4
13.4

44.8
13.4

44.9
13.4

192.5
42.9

197.6
44.2

197.9
44.2

426.6
111.6
221.2
21.7

434.3
108.3
224.8
21.2

430.3
108.2
224.3
21.2

147.4
61.5
73.6
7.0

148.7
62.6
75.3
7.2

147.9
62.5
74.9
7.3

559.6
198.3
279.8
31.8

562.1
199.8
284.3
32.2

563.6
199.7
285.1
32.3

Montana

20.7

21.7

21.9

19.5

19.9

19.6

74.2

75.1

75.3

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

95.3
14.5
35.3

98.6
15.2
35.8

99.2
15.0
36.0

45.5
6.3
24.3

47.6
6.7
26.0

47.6
6.8
25.9

177.7
26.6
77.9

184.1
27.4
80.3

183.6
27.4
79.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.1
9.5
8.6

26.3
10.3
9.0

26.3
10.3
9.0

29.1
16.3
9.4

30.8
17.4
9.8

31.1
17.5
9.9

109.7
63.9
31.4

116.4
68.1
33.3

117.7
68.8
33.7

114.9
11.3
36.2
19.8

118.8
11.5
36.5
20.9

112.7
10.7
34.9
19.2

17.8
5.4
2.7
3.2

18.2
5.6
2.8
3.3

17.9
5.6
2.8
3.3

138.8
23.3
22.4
31.0

140.6
23.7
21.8
31.3

141.0
22.9
21.3
31.7

663.8
8.7
156.8
73.0
44.0
114.6
29.6
174.0
31.9
15.2

665.0
8.5
156.7
72.7
46.3
117.0
29.7
173.2
30.4
15.4

658.8
8.4
154.0
72.8
44.7
116.0
29.4
171.1
30.5
15.4

243.5
6.9
27.7
18.9
33.1
42.8
17.6
78.8
6.4
2.2

244.4
6.7
28.2
20.3
33.6
45.3
18.8
78.7
6.7
2.3

242.7
6.8
27.6
19.8
33.5
45.2
18.8
78.2
6.5
2.3

883.9
48.0
190.9
116.6
61.5
126.3
94.5
194.6
31.5
11.6

887.4
45.9
193.4
119.0
62.2
128.7
92.6
197.5
32.7
12.5

889 8
51.0
193.4
118.3
62.5
128.7
94.7
197 1
32 5
12.7

Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Hint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saainaw Bav Citv-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St Paul
Rochester
St Cloud
Mississippi
Jackson

•

Missouri
Kansas Citv
St Louis
Snrinafield

New HamDshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth—Dover—Rochester
New Jersev
Atlantic Citv

.

RprnGn—PaSScliC

C&mdGn
JGrsGv Citv
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vinplanri-Millville-Bridaeton
See footnotes at end of table.

68




•

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

131.9
78.1
46.1
44.3

133.4
78.3
46.1
45.7

134.5
78.7
46.3
46.3

572.8
297.7
143.2
223.2

585.0
305.9
146.9
224.6

586.8
306.0
147.1
226.2

384.2
203.0
93.7
145.2

409.7
209.6
92.0
160.2

392.6
205.6
94.2
151.1

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

230.3
157.7
3.4
3.3
1.7
6.8
4.0
2.6
2.1
16.1
15.1

237.3
161.2
3.5
3.6
1.7
7.2
4.2
2.6
2.0
15.9
15.9

240.1
161.9
3.5
3.7
1.7
7.3
4.2
2.6
2.1
16.1
16.4

889.3
570.9
15.7
10.8
8.4
36.3
21.0
14.1
11.7
58.2
51.8

923.7
589.4
16.8
11.5
9.2
38.7
22.0
14.7
11.6
60.4
56.7

922.1
585.0
16.5
11.1
9.2
38.7
22.0
15.0
11.9
59.5
55.2

391.6
199.2
11.6
6.3
4.4
19.7
11.8
9.2
4.5
37.0
23.0

410.7
210.9
12.5
7.1
4.8
21.5
13.6
10.8
5.0
38.4
24.6

393.5
199.1
12.0
6.3
4.4
19.0
12.1
10.0
4.6
36.7
23.0

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

187.7
4.7
3.5
2.6
111.6
5.9
15.3
2.1
4.8
12.5
1.4
6.3

189.9
5.1
3.6
2.6
110.6
6.0
15.7
2.0
5.1
13.1
1.4
6.4

190.2
5.0
3.6
2.5
110.5
6.1
15.9
2.0
5.0
13.1
1.4
6.5

860.5
36.0
11.8
13.7
485.2
32.1
68.4
9.8
24.4
40.1
12.2
33.5

887.8
38.7
12.1
14.6
499.0
33.4
70.8
10.2
25.1
42.2
12.3
36.0

895.5
38.9
12.1
14.4
501.8
33.2
70.4
10.3
25.3
42.1
12.4
36.7

572.7
46.6
11.6
8.3
230.4
21.9
30.4
9.1
14.9
60.8
8.8
19.5

625.3
49.1
12.1
8.6
251.0
23.1
32.2
9.9
16.2
68.5
9.0
20.8

579.5
47.1
11.3
8.2
232.8
23.4
30.9
9.9
14.5
61.4
9.1
19.7

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

120.7
3.1
94.0
1.5
2.3

122.9
3.2
96.3
1.5
2.3

123.3
3.2
96.7
1.6
2.3

496.5
22.9
336.6
25.4
15.2

515.7
22.9
348.9
26.3
15.4

517.2
22.9
350.0
26.7
15.4

299.2
19.8
165.6
5.3
10.5

335.4
21.7
186.0
6.6
12.2

307.6
19.8
170.2
5.5
10.9

39.3
14.7

39.5
14.8

39.5
14.8

147.7
40.1

155.8
41.8

155.9
42.7

182.7
37.5

192.0
39.9

186.0
37.8

137.8
58.6
76.8
5.1

137.4
58.3
76.0
5.3

138.2
58.4
76.4
5.3

528.8
179.4
293.7
27.7

542.2
187.7
302.4
28.5

543.7
188.8
302.1
28.7

323.7
109.5
134.2
12.6

353.1
119.8
136.7
13.5

335.3
111.8
133.8
12.9

Montana

13.5

13.6

13.6

68.8

69.5

70.0

64.1

73.1

64.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

48.1
8.4
28.8

49.5
8.4
29.9

49.3
8.4
29.9

159.5
26.0
85.6

166.7
28.2
90.6

165.3
28.1
90.7

131.7
29.4
44.3

140.1
31.0
46.7

132.4
30.2
44.5

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

24.8
15.2
7.0

26.4
16.7
7.2

26.6
16.8
7.2

240.0
146.1
57.0

249.1
153.8
57.9

251.9
155.1
58.7

63.0
31.3
15.6

69.6
35.0
17.0

67.8
34.8
16.0

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

33.2
8.3
3.8
7.2

33.6
8.6
3.7
7.1

33.8
8.6
3.7
7.4

122.2
21.6
18.8
22.7

124.4
22.3
19.7
22.5

127.2
22.5
19.4
23.0

61.8
8.2
5.5
21.5

69.1
8.9
7.4
24.2

63.2
8.1
6.0
21.6

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

241.5
7.8
40.3
25.1
13.6
38.0
19.2
80.0
9.9
3.5

244.8
7.8
41.7
26.4
13.7
39.3
19.1
81.1
10.2
3.5

246.9
7.8
42.3
26.5
14.1
39.4
19.4
81.5
10.5
3.5

921.1
78.9
154.9
105.6
43.4
113.6
97.8
251.6
55.8
10.7

939.7
79.0
162.9
108.8
44.0
116.2
99.4
257.7
58.6
10.7

945.5
81.9
162.5
109.4
43.6
118.0
102.0
259.1
56.8
10.8

545.3
25.1
66.7
68.2
42.2
69.0
60.7
134.1
56.0
11.6

562.6
25.5
71.7
73.9
41.9
74.1
65.3
140.8
55.6
12.0

550.1
25.5
69.7
70.7
42.5
73.4
62.9
138.8
54.4
11.6

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
July
1988

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque..
Las Cruces....
Santa Fe

537.1
234.1
38.8
56.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,192.2
414.1
122.5
445.5
40.0

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

2,932.9

June
1989

555.7
239.5
41.1
57.4

July
1989?

551.7

239.7
39.5
57.9

8,352.1
429.8
124.3
457.0
42.5
1,168.1
4,173.9
3,634.6
85.2

8,273.7
426.9
121.1

109.0

31.3
15.3
2.3
2.8

30.7
14.8
2.4
2.6

31.0
14.9
2.4
2.7

6.3
.5

6.2

6.2
.6

359.9
22.4
6.2
19.4

369.4
23.4
6.3
19.0

.2
1.0
.5

.2
1.0
.5

360.1
22.5
6.1
18.4
1.9
62.3
157.6
124.4
3.7
6.2

.2
.2
.2

4.9
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

170.1
4.4
37.7
25.5
22.7

163.6
4.7
37.7
24.0
21.8

164.9
4.6
37.8
24.3
22.0

259.7
38.9
73.7
29.7

4.5
.2

4.2
.2

4.1
.2

12.3
1.8
4.1
1.6

11.6
1.7
4.0
1.5

12.0
1.8
4.1
1.6

4,831.8
279.8
165.7
734.8
934.5
705.7
451.3
294.1
201.2

4,795.2
278.9
165.3
733.3
934.9
699.1
445.6
291.7
195.1

19.8
.7
.9
.5
.9
1.0
.4
.3
.7

19.8
.7
1.0
.5
1.0
.9
.5
.3
.7

17.5
.7

199.5
10.7
6.9
33.1
30.0
30.5
19.3
11.5
8.5

206.5
11.0

215.1
11.5

7.3
35.8
30.0
32.6
20.9
12.7

7.7
37.0
31.0
33.9
21.8
13.3

9.1

9.5

1,137.1

1,144.1

21.6
33.4
406.3
298.1

21.2
34.6
407.1
302.9

1,137.0
21.2
34.3
404.0
302.7

45.3
1.2
.3

43.3
1.0
.3

36.8
.7

34.6
.7

11.9
14.4

9.7
14.6

44.4
1.0
.3
10.1
14.6

1.2
13.2
10.6

1.1
11.2
8.8

35.5
.7
1.2
11.7
8.9

1,149.1
107.7
578.7
100.1

1,209.0
115.5
606.5
104.4

1,192.1
111.6
601.4
103.7

1.4
.2
.5
.1

1.6
.2
.5
.1

1.7
.2
.5
.1

41.6
3.8

45.0
4.1

22.2
3.9

23.8
4.0

5,042.9

5,139.1
285.1
53.0

5,099.4
281.2
52.7
48.7
117.5
308.2
79.8
188.3

29.0
.7

28.4

22.2
.6

250.9
14.6
2.4

.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.1

.2
.3
3.1
.4
1.0

.2
.3
2.1
.4

251.2
14.6
2.4
1.5
3.7
13.8
3.0

492.0
102.4

2,986.9

257.9
37.7
70.8
29.4

263.0
39.1
74.9
30.0

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.

4,678.8
270.6
160.6
701.8
911.2
675.0
432.3
283.1
192.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

Oregon

100.8
303.7

125.3
421.1

278.3
52.2

49.4

49.5

114.8
302.1
79.8
185.2
2,165.9
781.5
878.5

116.7
307.6
81.3

189.9
2,196.9
781.8
891.5

O
.2
1.1

84.3

3,038.1
84.5
607.6
484.2
400.7




15.5
.1
.1
.1

121.5
485.2

81.9
590.1
474.6
392.0

70

15.5
.1
.1
.1

.2
.2
.2

82.6

105.2
121.5
477.6

417.1

See footnotes at end of table.

July
1989p

.2
.2
.2

3,594.3

1,153.6
4,139.2
3,601.7

417.9

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

June
1989

1.8
64.1
157.3
122.6
3.6
6.0
7.7
20.6
5.1
16.1
4.7
27.8

1,144.3
4,135.3

310.3
128.6

Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

July
1988

15.4
.2
.1
.1

452.1
42.0

101.5
306.7
127.2

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead ....
Grand Forks

July
1989p

107.1

123.0

June
1989

July
1988

82.9
604.8

474.9
397.5

2,179.7
780.0
887.5

0

()
V)

()

0

I

1.0
.5
1.1
1.0
.5
.3
.7

1.0

12.0
112.8
18.1

3.4

43.1

)
4.6

2.1
4.0

13.9
3.2

7.8
20.6
4.9
16.3
4.6
26.5

12.3
110.0
18.0
40.2

2.0
63.4
158.9
124.8
3.8
6.4
8.2
21.6
5.1
16.7
4.8
27.4

45.8
4.3
24.6
4.3
259.1
14.8
2.5
1.5
4.1
14.1
3.1
12.5
111.8
18.1

42.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
[)ublic utilities>

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

39.7
20.3
3.7
1.6

41.4
20.8
3.6
1.6

40.9
20.6
3.6
1.7

28.1
12.3
1.3
1.1

27.8
12.6
1.2
1.0

27.8
12.7
1.2
1.0

131.6
60.8
8.7
11.1

135.9
61.8
9.2
11.6

135.7
62.2
9.0
11.6

1,200.5
47.1
38.8
77.3
8.5
167.3
442.8
359.7
23.3
15.5
31.1
137.5
15.3
53.6
24.8
66.0

1,199.1
48.3
37.0
77.7
9.5
164.0
439.7
359.7
23.8
15.3
30.5
139.1
15.4
54.2
25.2
62.9

1,185.3
48.1
35.9
77.1
9.4
162.1
431.3
351.3
23.6
15.1
30.8
138.8
15.3
53.4
24.9
63.0

406.7
16.2
4.4
21.4
1.4
46.7
242.5
216.8
3.9
5.8
3.5
14.2
4.6
18.6
4.2
20.3

417.9
17.0
4.4
21.8
1.4
49.9
243.4
217.4
4.1
6.2
3.8
14.9
4.4
18.9
4.4
20.9

409.5
16.8
4.4
21.4
1.4
47.1
239.9
214.3
4.0
5.9
3.7
14.5
4.4
19.0
4.3
20.5

1,720.1
88.3
26.0
109.7
10.6
309.4
752.5
627.7
19.4
28.3
22.4
102.2
23.6
73.2
27.3
96.7

1,754.0
93.0
27.0
114.4
10.9
313.4
766.0
639.8
20.0
29.5
23.0
104.7
24.5
74.3
27.7
97.0

1,740.0
92.4
26.8
113.2
10.7
311.7
758.5
633.1
19.8
29.3
22.6
104.2
24.4
73.7
27.5
96.4

861.9
19.1
154.8
154.2
59.1

870.4
19.2
155.4
151.0
62.4

866.4
19.1
155.2
149.8
62.7

147.8
3.9
48.8
26.7
17.7

150.5
3.9
47.7
26.7
17.4

149.9
4.0
48.1
26.8
17.3

680.8
19.7
144.7
110.1
84.0

693.7
20.0
150.4
110.6
84.4

695.3
20.0
150.7
111.0
84.4

16.5
2.2
4.8
1.7

16.3
2.3
5.2
1.6

16.2
2.3
5.2
1.3

16.8
2.7
4.7
1.6

17.3
2.7
4.9
1.6

17.3
2.7
4.9
1.6

69.3
10.0
21.4
8.5

70.1
10.4
22.1
8.9

69.9
10.4
21.9
8.9

1,100.8
66.0
45.2
144.3
200.8
102.4
104.8
63.1
48.9

1,112.5
66.2
45.9
147.4
205.0
103.1
105.0
62.0
50.2

1,100.5
66.4
45.4
147.2
203.9
103.2
104.1
61.6
44.8

213.4
13.1
5.9
38.0
41.7
29.8
16.9
13.3
7.6

216.0
13.2
6.2
40.8
41.9
30.9
17.5
13.1
7.9

216.2
13.3
6.1
40.8
41.7
31.0
17.6
13.3
7.8

1,137.2
67.9
39.8
180.5
221.9
172.9
99.9
70.6
50.3

1,175.6
71.3
41.6
188.9
227.3
180.8
102.9
74.0
52.5

1,177.5
70.9
41.6
190.1
227.9
180.8
102.8
74.0
52.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

164.1
1.6
3.5
49.3
49.3

164.9
1.5
3.7
49.3
49.7

164.3
1.6
3.7
49.6
49.7

62.3
2.2
1.3
19.3
23.4

62.8
2.1
1.4
20.1
24.3

63.0
2.1
1.4
20.1
24.5

274.8
6.4
8.5
100.5
70.6

278.6
6.1
8.5
101.2
71.7

278.3
6.1
8.4
101.0
71.8

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

218.4
20.8
100.7
16.1

221.2
20.9
102.3
15.1

224.5
20.9
103.2
16.9

60.6
4.3
35.7
2.9

63.8
4.4
36.7
3.0

63.5
4.5
36.8
2.9

295.1
27.3
152.9
22.7

307.0
28.4
160.0
23.6

309.0
28.5
161.1
23.5

1,057.6
77.3
11.1
9.5
35.4
52.6
13.5
60.6
364.9
92.7
126.4

1,060.0
76.9
10.9
9.5
35.9
51.6
13.9
59.8
365.2
91.2
127.3

1,054.3
76.3
10.9
9.3
35.9
52.1
13.8
59.2
362.7
90.4
127.9

248.8
14.4
4.5
4.9
3.7
18.3
4.8
7.2
100.9
44.7
46.9

253.3
14.2
4.6
4.9
3.5
19.1
4.9
7.6
102.0
42.7
48.1

247.9
13.8
4.5
4.8
3.5
18.8
4.8
7.4
101.6
43.0
46.9

1,154.1
60.8
13.4
11.7
25.8
67.6
17.5
45.0
499.5
151.3
224.5

1,165.2
62.0
13.8
11.4
26.6
68.1
17.8
46.3
509.3
155.9
229.4

1,158.8
61.6
13.9
11.4
27.2
68.3
18.2
46.8
503.8
154.9
228.4

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
July
1988

July
1989?

1.8
2.0

137.1
46.1
14.8
22.8

811.7
25.7
4.5
29.3

2,285.5
105.4
23.9

2,338.7
107.6
24.1

1,407.8

1,471.5

109.6
18.8

115.3

115.1
10.0
304.5

119.3

2,336.3
107.9
24.2
117.6

1,415.2
111.9
18.9
74.2
6.7
177.0
675.5

804.7
25.6
4.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

27.8
118.6
26.7

17.1
23.0
28.2
117.5
26.6

71.6
27.4
122.2

122.2

28.3
122.8

132.5
2.7
37.5
24.5
23.5

133.8
2.6
37.9
24.8
23.4

134.4
2.6
38.1
24.8
23.3

529.1
21.2
107.2
90.7
99.0

551.2
21.7
112.5
92.0
101.8

12.5
1.6
4.5
1.1

12.3
1.5
4.5
1.1

12.2
1.5
4.5
1.1

64.0
10.8
19.4
6.7

252.8
10.9

257.0
10.9
6.4

258.6

1,103.1
63.2
37.2
180.3

43.8

18.3

59.8
18.7

12.3

12.7

8.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem




28.1
119.8

2.1
4.9
5.2
23.6
5.5
20.5
7.6
29.9

59.2

72

10.3
311.1
1,296.0
1,141.1

2.1
4.8
5.2
23.4
5.5
20.5
7.6
29.8

59.1

See footnotes at end of table.

10.2
309.1
1,303.6
1,150.2
17.9
23.0

572.9
537.0

57.8

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

130.0

1.4
81.0
578.0
541.8

6.5
42.7

July
1989p

141.7
46.6
16.1
22.8

805.4
24.7
4.3
28.1
1.4
79.8
581.7
546.3
2.0
4.7
5.0
23.3
5.4
20.5
7.3
29.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren..

June
1989

133.6
44.1
14.7
22.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.,
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

1.4
80.5

July
1988

135.9
67.6
6.6
16.0

27.8
15.5

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks

July
1989?

134.9
67.4
6.7
15.7

27.8
15.4
1.8
2.0

29.1

June
1989

66.1
6.3
15.7

27.4
15.0
1.7
2.0

New Mexico ...
Albuquerque..
Las Cruces....
Santa Fe

July
1988

11.0
6.4
44.0

1,274.4
1,120.1

74.1
6.2
172.3
683.1
600.4

21.1
76.0
7.2

58.6

188.6
689.6
605.6
13.4
24.0
24.7
68.8
21.6
53.4
30.5
58.3

555.0
21.6
112.7
91.5
101.4

405.8
10.8
59.0
42.6
85.6

469.9
12.3
65.6
54.8
89.2

416.0
10.9
61.8
46.4
86.1

65.9
11.6
20.3
6.9

65.7
11.5
20.4

62.0
8.4
11.9
8.2

65.3
8.7
13.9
8.4

62.3
8.5

1,149.9
66.3
38.9
188.6
252.0
171.0

1,151.9
66.6

652.2
38.1
18.0
82.4

694.5

657.9

111.4
78.1
48.6

111.2
78.3
49.1

40.1
18.6
89.0
118.1
126.5
74.4
41.2
23.8

38.4
18.2
84.0
117.7
117.1
68.9
38.1
22.2

26.1
72.5
28.4

17.9
23.3

72.9

6.9

39.0
189.7

13.0
21.7
23.6

61.4
20.2
50.0
29.4

594.8

13.0
22.1
23.2
63.1
20.0
50.3
29.7
56.9

12.7
8.3

241.0

8.4

59.7
60.2
18.7
12.7
8.4

59.5

58.7

58.6

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.5
23.9

1.5
23.9

255.2
5.3
6.1

252.8
5.4
6.4

258.9
5.5
6.4

239.1
3.2

1.5
24.3

11.0

248.4
3.4
11.7

234.0
3.2
11.4

17.6

17.5

96.1
76.0

94.6
78.9

94.6
79.6

91.7
36.3

97.1
37.3

93.0

17.5

74.5
5.4
49.3
5.9

75.3
5.5
50.3
6.0

75.4
5.6
50.2
6.0

262.2
25.4
143.1
20.2

272.1
26.9
149.3
21.1

272.9
27.0

195.3
20.5
74.3
28.3

223.0
25.1
83.6
31.5

199.3
20.6
75.3
29.2

296.5

300.4
12.7
2.1
1.7
5.6
20.5
4.6
7.5
164.2
71.2
53.9

301.0

1,338.9

12.9

69.7

1,385.2
73.6

1,386.3
73.1

2.1

11.3

11.6

667.1
27.9
7.5

695.4
30.5
7.6

1.7
5.6
20.7
4.5
7.5

11.7
27.6
66.3
20.0
39.2

164.7

624.9
254.7
276.3

12.4
27.9
68.5
20.5
41.0
643.0

11.5
12.3
28.1
69.4
20.4
40.9

12.9
2.0

1.7
5.4
18.8
4.8
7.2

164.9
72.4
53.0

71.2
54.0

163.1
106.0
74.6
46.2

261.1
281.1

251.8
171.9

149.7
20.8

639.1
258.7
281.3

117.2
116.2
66.6
37.5
21.8

36.1

7.8

8.1

28.1
7.3
7.7

12.7
64.3
12.9
13.6

13.3
65.7

12.9
64.5

13.5
15.0
302.2

12.9
13.6
295.0

141.7
106.9

143.7

296.9
147.6

103.6

103.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

(2)

(2)

(2)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

148.6
299.8
50.9
174.6

154.7
304.7
52.4
178.7

153.3
303.3
51.6
178.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

455.4
131.0
319.7

461.7
133.5
328.2

457.2
132.3
326.0

1,440.4
190.0
225.2
310.1

1,517.7
199.4
235.0
327.3

1,496.4
198.0
234.0
321.2

0
O
(1)

266.7
36.2
68.4

273.7
37.5
70.7

268.3
37.3
68.9

(1)

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,062.8
195.8
162.3
262.7
435.2
482.2

2,085.9
199.7
166.5
261.4
440.2
481.8

2,067.9
199.0
165.8
260.1
440.2
476.4

7.0
.7
.4
1.7
.1
.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

6,645.5
48.2
77.7
344.1
132.2
58.6
68.2
47.5
123.8
1,344.3
190.6
525.8
72.9
1,435.2
71.0
38.0
66.7
92.8
91.0
44.6
42.8
35.9
495.0
37.7
43.9
60.3
27.5
77.9
50.7

6,790.6
49.0
77.6
351.3
134.1
61.5
70.1
49.3
126.7
1,351.8
196.7
539.1
73.2
1,477.3
73.2
39.7
66.6
93.4
98.7
43.9
41.9
36.3
509.1
36.6
46.1
61.4
28.3
79.2
50.4

6,779.6
48.4
76.7
346.1
134.0
60.8
70.2
49.3
127.1
1,348.3
195.4
538.7
73.2
1,474.2
72.3
40.1
66.6
94.4
96.8
43.5
41.5
36.0
505.1
36.7
45.4
60.9
27.8
78.7
50.0

186.8
2.1
1.4
.7
1.7
2.1
.1
.6
4.1
18.9
.1
3.7
.5
66.3
.1
1.9
3.8
.4
.9
10.3
6.1
.5
2.3
.1
.1
2.1
1.9
.1
1.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

654.1
78.6
453.1

690.7
85.1
474.0

681.5
84.4
469.3

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

251.3
33.9
77.3

256.8
35.4
77.6

254.7
35.1
77.2

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

.5

.5

.5

7.7
15.6
2.4
9.7

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

22.4
6.5
16.9

22.8
7.0
16.9

23.4
7.2
17.5

1.9

94.9
13.5
14.6
23.1

96.0
13.8
14.6
23.6

95.6
13.8
14.8
23.6

2.8
.3

11.2
2.1
3.0

10.9
2.1
3.1

11.4
2.1
3.3

6.5
.7
.5
1.7
.1
.7

6.3
.7
.5
1.7
.1
.7

98.1
8.6
7.2
13.1
18.9
28.7

92.7
8.7
7.3
11.5
18.9
27.7

93.5
8.9
7.4
11.5
18.8
27.6

176.6
1.9
1.4
.7
1.9
1.9
.1
.6
4.2
17.4
.1
4.0
.5
66.2
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.6
5.5
.5
2.0
.1
.1
1.9
1.2
.1
1.8

177.1
1.8
1.3
.7
1.9
2.0
.1
.6
4.2
17.3
.1
3.9
.5
66.1
.1
1.9
3.6
.4
.9
9.5
5.6
.5
2.0
.1
.1
1.9
1.2
.1
1.8

336.7
2.1
4.0
14.6
8.8
6.8
2.1
1.9
8.1
56.2
9.4
23.0
4.3
90.0
3.5
1.2
3.6
3.4
4.1
1.3
2.0
1.6
25.1
1.7
1.6
2.1
1.6
3.7
2.2

314.9
1.9
3.9
13.2
9.0
7.8
2.2
1.8
9.6
51.2
8.8
22.6
4.9
91.0
3.8
1.2
3.3
3.1
4.2
1.4
1.7
1.2
22.4
1.7
1.6
2.1
1.5
3.5
2.1

316.7
1.9
4.0
13.2
9.2
7.4
2.3
1.7
9.6
51.9
8.6
22.9
5.0
91.3
3.4
1.2
3.3
3.3
4.2
1.3
1.7
1.2
22.3
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.6
3.4
2.1

7.8

26.9
3.1
18.9

27.2
3.1
18.7

27.4
3.1
19.0

18.6
2.2
4.4

19.8
1.9
4.7

20.1
1.9
4.8

0.7
2

0.6

()

1.9

0
0
2.7
.3

(1)

1

()

7.7

8.2
(1)

(1)
2.6

(1)
2.6

2.6

.7
.2

.6
.2
()

(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

2.8
.3

1

()

()

1.8

0.6
2

2

1

()

.7
.2
1

()

7.9
15.7
2.4
10.1

8.2
16.3
2.6
10.5

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1988
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

June
1989

July
1989^

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

47.2
70.7
16.6
61.1

49.0
72.2
16.4
61.4

48.8
70.5
15.9
61.2

6.5
16.2
1.8
7.5

6.9
16.6
2.0
7.5

6.6
16.3
1.9
7.4

33.4
67.4
11.5
42.6

34.4
68.6
11.8
42.7

34.3
68.8
11.7
43.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

111.3
49.8
69.8

112.7
49.3
70.5

109.8
48.4
68.8

15.6
3.3
12.2

16.4
3.8
13.0

15.7
3.5
12.4

105.2
33.3
70.4

105.5
33.1
72.1

105.5
33.2
71.9

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

383.3
21.0
29.3
101.8

384.5
21.6
30.3
102.8

381.7
21.8
30.1
101.9

62.8
11.4
10.5
12.3

66.0
11.3
10.6
12.7

66.1
11.3
10.6
12.8

331.9
46.2
50.2
74.2

352.7
46.4
51.1
76.3

352.3
46.3
51.2
76.6

31.3
3.2
8.6

30.5
3.2
8.3

30.3
3.2
8.2

13.8
2.0
5.4

13.7
2.0
5.4

13.7
2.0
5.4

70.7
11.1
18.6

71.7
11.5
19.0

71.8
11.9
19.0

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol....
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

506.4
47.1
53.2
53.9
55.6
89.8

514.0
47.7
55.2
52.4
54.7
91.1

507.4
47.7
55.2
52.4
55.1
89.5

109.8
9.2
6.4
10.3
41.1
24.2

110.8
9.4
6.3
10.3
41.4
24.1

110.8
9.3
6.3
10.2
41.8
24.0

491.8
45.6
37.0
66.6
117.6
118.1

492.4
45.3
36.6
66.9
120.3
115.9

493.3
45.1
36.5
67.0
120.7
116.4

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

959.9
4.9
9.6
41.2
25.9
15.6
10.0
3.4
11.7
224.0
40.2
120.1
8.1
154.1
8.6
1.9
16.2
7.2
12.3
2.7
4.1
5.3
47.5
11.6
7.2
10.4
3.1
14.6
8.2

974.6
5.0
8.7
41.3
25.6
16.2
10.1
3.6
11.5
222.1
40.6
121.1
8.5
159.1
8.6
1.9
15.6
7.5
14.9
2.4
4.0
5.4
48.3
11.1
7.7
10.9
3.1
15.2
8.1

972.9
5.0
8.8
41.8
25.6
16.3
10.2
3.6
11.3
222.4
40.5
121.3
8.5
158.7
8.7
1.8
15.7
7.6
14.3
2.5
4.0
5.5
48.2
11.2
7.7
10.5
3.1
15.3
8.1

393.8
2.3
5.6
10.5
9.6
2.7
3.1
1.6
6.7
92.1
10.8
30.1
4.8
101.1
2.7
4.9
3.1
4.7
2.9
2.3
2.1
3.1
19.3
2.0
1.9
2.5
1.4
3.3
2.6

400.3
2.3
5.7
10.5
9.5
2.7
3.0
1.5
6.3
94.6
10.9
31.7
4.7
100.3
2.7
5.2
3.1
4.6
3.2
2.3
2.1
2.8
19.0
1.8
2.0
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.5

402.1
2.3
5.7
10.5
9.4
2.9
3.2
1.5
6.5
95.1
11.0
31.9
4.7
100.7
2.7
5.4
3.1
4.6
3.3
2.3
2.1
2.8
19.2
1.7
2.0
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.5

1,664.7
13.4
23.0
76.6
32.3
11.0
18.0
10.7
31.4
347.7
45.9
136.5
14.9
357.8
16.4
11.2
17.2
28.2
28.7
10.0
12.7
8.9
128.1
7.9
10.4
16.1
7.3
18.9
11.9

1,673.6
13.6
22.7
75.8
32.6
11.3
18.4
10.9
31.6
350.8
48.5
139.5
14.7
366.6
16.8
12.4
17.3
28.1
29.7
10.0
12.6
9.2
128.8
7.8
10.7
16.1
7.8
19.0
12.1

1,670.0
13.6
22.6
76.0
32.7
11.2
18.2
10.8
32.0
349.4
48.8
139.4
147
367.5
16.6
12.6
17.3
28.1
29.1
10.0
12.6
9.2
128.1
7.9
10.6
16.1
7.8
18.9
12.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

99.7
13.6
64.7

103.2
14.5
67.2

102.9
14.6
66.7

40.0
2.7
30.6

40.4
2.9
31.2

40.8
2.9
31.6

156.6
16.5
112.6

164.8
18.2
117.9

165.6
18.5
118.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

49.7
4.3
17.1

49.7
5.0
16.3

49.1
4.8
16.4

10.3
.9
3.2

10.6
.9
3.5

10.5
.9
3.5

60.8
7.4
19.0

60.6
7.7
19.0

60.8
7.7
19.1

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

74




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

8.3
13.6
2.4
4.9

8.6
13.9
2.5
5.1

8.7
13.9
2.5
5.1

30.5
75.7
10.2
31.5

31.5
75.5
10.5
33.4

31.6
77.0
10.7
33.4

15.0
39.9
6.0
16.8

16.4
41.6
6.8
18.0

15.1
39.9
6.3
16.9

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

26.7
3.9
22.5

26.7
4.0
23.2

26.8
4.1
23.8

116.8
24.0
85.6

117.0
25.8
87.2

117.7
25.7
87.8

57.2
10.0
42.2

60.4
10.3
45.2

58.1
10.0
43.7

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

66.4
8.7
18.0
12.0

68.6
9.0
18.3
12.0

69.1
8.9
18.5
12.0

259.9
39.8
45.0
54.6

278.7
44.1
46.0
57.7

277.6
43.4
45.8
57.4

239.4
49.3
57.3
31.8

269.3
53.1
63.7
41.9

252.1
52.4
62.6
36.6

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.8
1.6
6.7

15.3
1.6
6.9

15.3
1.6
6.8

66.5
9.5
19.6

67.3
9.3
20.0

66.9
9.5
19.4

55.6
6.4
6.5

61.7
7.5
7.9

56.2
6.7
6.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

105.2
12.5
5.4
9.7
24.9
34.8

107.0
12.9
5.6
10.1
26.1
34.3

106.8
12.8
5.6
10.0
26.1
34.0

436.2
38.3
29.7
58.1
107.3
122.1

445.6
40.3
32.1
59.7
109.6
119.9

444.3
40.2
32.0
59.7
110.5
119.4

308.4
33.7
23.1
49.3
69.7
63.7

316.9
34.7
22.9
48.8
69.0
68.1

305.5
34.3
22.3
47.7
67.1
64.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland

442.2
2.4
4.4
24.5
5.3
2.0
3.7
1.6
6.8
130.8
8.8
26.9
4.3
102.3
2.9
1.7
2.6
5.4
3.7
2.3
1.7
1.8
39.8
1.8
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.9
2.3

441.5
2.5
4.1
24.0
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.6
6.9
126.8
8.4
27.2
4.3
99.6
3.2
1.5
2.7
5.6
3.8
2.2
1.6
1.8
40.4
1.7
1.9
3.3
1.6
4.8
2.3

442.6
2.5
4.1
23.9
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.6
6.9
127.2
8.5
27.1
4.2
99.3
3.2
1.5
2.7
5.6
3.8
2.2
1.6
1.8
40.4
1.7
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.8
2.3

1,536.0
12.8
17.2
84.5
29.6
8.1
16.0
8.7
28.4
330.9
38.7
120.6
14.6
383.8
15.9
6.1
12.2
23.0
15.6
9.8
7.2
8.2
125.1
8.4
9.5
14.8
5.9
20.6
11.9

1,598.3
12.8
17.6
86.2
30.5
8.6
16.1
9.3
28.8
339.4
39.3
124.6
14.8
401.4
16.6
6.3
12.5
23.5
16.1
9.7
7.3
8.2
130.5
8.1
9.6
14.8
6.1
20.9
11.9

1,606.8
12.8
17.6
86.5
30.8
8.7
16.2
9.5
28.8
340.9
39.2
125.5
14.9
403.0
16.5
6.3
12.7
23.5
16.1
9.7
7.3
8.2
130.9
8.2
9.7
15.0
6.0
20.9
11.8

1,125.4
8.2
12.5
91.5
19.0
10.3
15.3
19.0
26.6
143.7
36.7
64.9
21.4
179.8
20.9
9.1
8.0
20.5
22.8
5.9
6.9
6.5
107.8
4.2
11.3
8.9
4.7
11.8
9.7

1,210.8
9.0
13.5
99.6
19.9
11.1
16.7
20.0
27.8
149.5
40.1
68.4
20.8
193.1
21.4
9.3
8.5
20.6
25.9
6.3
7.1
7.2
117.7
4.3
12.5
9.7
5.6
12.3
9.6

1,191.4
8.5
12.6
93.5
19.3
10.4
16.5
20.0
27.8
144.1
38.7
66.7
20.7
187.6
21.1
9.4
8.2
21.3
25.1
6.0
6.6
6.8
114.0
4.1
11.8
9.3
5.1
11.9
9.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.4
2.2
27.4

33.3
2.2
27.1

33.4
2.1
27.2

155.9
27.9
107.1

166.8
30.0
113.2

167.4
30.4
113.1

133.4
12.6
89.2

147.3
14.2
96.1

136.2
12.8
90.9

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.8
3.0
3.7

13.4
3.1
3.6

13.5
3.1
3.7

62.3
7.8
19.9

61.3
8.1
18.8

62.9
8.4
19.3

36.2
8.1
10.0

40.7
8.5
11.6

37.1
8.1
10.3

Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison

Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructor

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,790.2
31.6
64.6
41.2
71.1
574.0
751.3
452.3
122.8

2,920.8
33.1
67.2
43.3
74.0
580.9
799.6
466.7
125.0

2,899.7
32.6
65.8
42.6
72.9
574.5
800.7
464.3
124.2

16.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
1.0
.1

14.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
1.1
.1

14.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
1.2
.1

206.7
1.0
4.0
2.4
3.8
39.3
63.0
31.4
8.3

214.5
1.0
4.1
2.7
3.6
40.0
68.7
33.0
8.3

218.9
1.0
4.1
2.8
3.6
40.7
70.6
33.0
8.6

Washington
Seattle

1,935.8
989.9

2,053.6
1,048.1

2,027.7
1,047.6

3.4
.6

3.5
.7

3.5
.7

101.6
53.5

108.6
54.5

112.2
57.2

618.0
108.2
104.8
60.5
60.3

619.3
109.1
106.2
60.9
60.0

605.8
108.8
105.7
61.0
58.5

34.4
2.0
1.4
.7
2.7

31.8
1.9
1.5
.6
2.7

17.1
1.0
1.5
.7
.8

27.7
4.5
3.9
3.0
2.1

28.2
4.2
3.5
2.9
1.9

28.4
4.3
3.6
2.9
1.9

2,225.4
155.7
58.4
99.8
56.9
38.4
57.8
210.1
740.3
75.9
50.7

2,201.3
154.1
57.2
98.9
56.4
38.2
57.5
208.4
730.6
75.5
50.7

2.9

Wausau

2,161.1
151.0
56.2
95.9
56.8
41.6
53.8
202.3
716.6
73.0
48.4

76.7
7.4
1.8
3.4
1.5
1.4
2.2
7.0
23.5
2.1
2.0

79.8
7.8
1.6
3.5
1.3
1.6
2.6
6.3
23.9
2.2
2.2

81.5
8.0
1.5
3.8
1.4
1.6
2.7
6.4
24.4
2.4
2.4

Wyoming

185.9

196.7

189.6

18.9

18.6

18.9

11.7

11.2

11.4

Puerto Rico

840.2
54.4
58.9
53.8
510.6

854.5
53.7
61.5
58.7
519.6

850.1
53.4
61.5
58.6
516.1

.8

.8

.8

42.5

42.0

0
(1)

3.8
30.6

41.9
(1)
1
()
3.8
30.2

41.5

41.3

42.1

(1)

2.0

2.0

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire

Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine

Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

76




June
1989

July
1988

2.6

July
1989?

2.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

V)
V)
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
0)
(1)

O
(')
(1)
O
V)
(1)
O
0
(1)
(1)

O
(1)
O
O
0
0

o
(1)

(1)
.1
.4

0)

(1)

July
1988

(1)
(1)
.1
.4

.1
.4
(1)

O
(1)

3.9
31.5
2.2

June
1989

V)
V)

July
1989?

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
fpublic utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

426.3
10.7
8.7
16.7
22.7
69.0
35.8
62.2
20.0

427.3
10.8
8.8
16.6
22.7
67.5
34.1
61.3
19.4

425.3
10.8
8.8
16.7
22.6
67.1
33.9
61.5
19.0

146.3
1.2
2.3
1.0
2.7
26.8
53.3
23.6
8.5

149.2
1.1
2.4
.9
2.5
26.5
59.0
23.6
8.5

149.5
1.1
2.3
.9
2.5
26.6
59.7
23.6
8.5

638.4
8.2
13.0
9.2
16.2
143.5
166.0
109.2
33.3

665.0
8.7
13.6
10.1
17.0
143.5
170.8
112.8
34.2

667.5
8.7
13.8
10.1
16.8
144.3
171.9
113.7
34.4

Washington
Seattle

338.6
199.1

361.0
215.7

362.8
217.8

103.0
61.6

106.3
65.5

107.4
66.2

480.8
242.0

499.4
246.8

498.7
248.5

87.9
10.9
19.8
14.2
7.3

87.3
11.3
20.3
14.2
7.5

86.4
11.2
20.0
14.4
7.5

37.4
8.6
8.1
2.2
3.4

37.6
8.9
8.0
2.3
3.4

37.2
8.9
8.0
2.3
3.4

144.5
28.4
26.8
14.5
16.7

147.4
28.7
27.4
14.4
16.3

148.4
29.2
27.3
14.5
16.6

562.1
54.2
11.5
25.7
18.1
14.2
11.4
24.7
174.1
25.6
14.3

560.6
53.7
12.0
26.3
16.7
9.7
11.0
25.4
176.5
26.2
14.6

562.9
54.2
11.9
27.3
17.0
9.9
11.1
25.4
176.1
25.4
14.6

95.6
5.2
3.0
7.0
2.0
1.5
2.2
6.9
34.0
2.3
2.8

101.5
5.8
3.3
7.5
2.2
1.5
2.3
7.3
35.8
2.3
2.8

98.1
5.6
3.1
7.4
2.1
1.5
2.3
7.1
34.7
2.2
2.8

514.7
31.8
15.4
24.4
14.3
9.9
15.1
45.2
164.8
16.6
11.9

526.3
32.9
15.3
24.8
14.7
10.1
16.6
47.1
169.5
16.7
12.7

526.4
32.9
15.0
24.5
14.5
10.3
16.5
46.6
170.0
17.1
12.5

9.1

9.5

9.5

13.5

14.0

14.1

43.2

43.3

43.3

153.3
16.4
20.2
9.3
64.4

158.8
16.1
21.1
10.0
67.1

158.4
16.4
21.0
9.7
66.8

18.3
(1)
1
()
(1)
15.3

16.8
(1)
1
()
(1)
13.5

16.9

13.6

143.7
10.9
7.7
8.5
98.7

147.5
10.9
7.8
9.0
101.3

146.6
10.9
7.7
9.0
100.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

9.4

9.3

9.3

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands

0)
(1)
0

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

97.0

15.1

95.8
15.5

92.9

30.1

111.1
70.7

115.5
73.1

116.0
73.5

446.9
232.8

473.9
249.5

473.7
250.6

350.4
129.6

385.4
142.3

353.4
133.1

24.4
6.2
3.8
2.3
2.8

24.2
6.2
3.8
2.4
2.8

24.2
6.2
3.8
2.4
2.8

132.6
26.0
22.7
13.7
15.8

139.3
26.7
23.4
14.0
15.9

139.4
26.9
23.4
14.2
16.0

129.1
21.6
18.3
9.9

123.5

124.7

21.2

21.1
18.1

9.5

9.5

116.6
7.3
1.8
3.3
1.6
1.2
1.6
18.7
50.7
2.3
3.5

120.6
7.5
1.9
3.6
1.6
1.3
1.6
18.8
52.6
2.4
3.8

121.2
7.5
1.9
3.6
1.7
1.3
1.7
19.1
52.6
2.4
3.8

487.5
29.6
12.9
21.8
12.5
8.4
14.8
45.0
191.0
16.2
8.5

499.1
30.6
13.5
22.3
12.8
8.6
16.0
47.1
196.8
17.4
8.8

498.2
30.0
13.6
22.2
12.7
8.6
15.9
46.2
195.4
17.5
8.9

305.3
15.3
9.8
10.2
6.7
5.0
6.5

334.6
17.1
10.8

310.1
10.0
6.9
5.0
7.3
57.4

78.2

11.7
7.5
5.6
7.7
57.9
84.9

7.9
5.4

8.7
5.8

40.9

8.4

Washington
Seattle

78




13.2

July
1989P

98.2
30.4

39.1

Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.

13.1
6.0

725.4
4.5
13.4
6.0
13.7
145.3
265.4

June
1989

29.1

27.8
50.1

1.3
4.4
27.1
52.0

Virgin Islands

725.9
4.6

July
1988

8.6

1.3
4.0

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

681.5
4.5

July
1989P

12.6
141.3
243.6
95.8

157.4

Wyoming

June
1989

1.3
4.4
27.5
52.8
41.4
8.6

153.7
1.2
3.4

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

159.2
1.3
3.4

July
1988

521.3
4.7
20.0
4.5
9.0
126.2
139.0
90.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

July
1989^

1.3
3.3

6.2
14.2
144.4
264.0

54.6

567.0
5.5
21.7
5.4

9.5
131.7
150.4

18.3
10.1

539.2
5.1
19.9
4.7

9.2
122.8
145.8
14.9

9.6
9.5
15.6
10.2

77.1
8.5
5.7

7.2

7.3

7.3

37.2

37.4

37.6

45.1

55.4

47.5

36.2

36.4
(1)

36.2
(1)

117.6

121.5

120.8

327.8
18.6
21.2
18.9
185.8

330.6
18.4
21.6
22.1
189.1

328.6
18.1
21.5
22.4
187.7

14.2

13.4

14.2

28.7
1.9

V)
O

0
(1)

29.0
2.0

(1)

V)

28.9

9.6
85.8

10.3
88.6

2.0

8.8

9.6

10.1
88.0

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988 benchmarks.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970..
1971 ..
1972..
1973..
1974..
1975..
1976..
1977..
1978...
1979..

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980...
1981 ...
1982...
1983...
1984..
1985...
1986...
1987...
1988...

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.36

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3

Hourly
earnings

Construction
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.75

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
539.33

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.01

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
493.08

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
August
September
October
November.
December.
1989:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
Julyp
August"

35.0
34.8
34.9
34.7
34.9

$9.24
9.40
9.45
9.46
9.46

$323.40
327.12
329.81
328.26
330.15

42.0
42.2
42.6
41.9
42.8

$12.69
12.82
12.79
12.89
13.03

$532.98
541.00
544.85
540.09
557.68

38.6
38.4
39.1
37.8
37.3

$12.99
13.16
13.17
13.08
13.19

$501.41
505.34
514.95
494.42
491.99

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.8
34.5
34.8
35.1
35.0

9.54
9.55
9.56
9.62
9.59
9.58
9.63
9.60

329.13
327.57
328.86
334.78
330.86
333.38
338.01
336.00

42.2
41.7
42.0
42.8
42.0
42.6
42.8
43.2

13.20
13.22
13.15
13.19
13.13
13.03
12.97
13.11

557.04
551.27
552.30
564.53
551.46
555.08
555.12
566.35

36.5
36.2
37.4
37.9
37.7
38.0
38.9
38.9

13.26
13.21
13.26
13.30
13.28
13.24
13.33
13.31

483.99
478.20
495.92
504.07
500.66
503.12
518.54
517.76

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41 4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39 5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.18

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.72

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.40

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111 11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.32

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.18

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.60
9.94

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.76
378.71

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
August
September
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
Julyp
Augusf

40.9
41.3
41.3
41.5
41.7

$10.13
10.25
10.25
10.31
10.37

$9.67
9.75
9.76
9.82
9.88

$414.32
423.33
423.33
427.87
432.43

39.7
39.5
39.5
39.3
39.5

$12.35
12.40
12.42
12.46
12.42

$490.30
489.80
490.59
489.68
490.59

38.0
38.1
38.2
38.0
38.2

$9.91
10.04
10.10
10.07
10.14

$376.58
382.52
385.82
382.66
387.35

41.0
40.8
41.0
41.0
40.9
41.1
40.5
40.8

10.37
10.38
10.41
10.41
10.42
10.44
10.48
10.45

9.91
9.92
9.94
9.95
9.98
9.98
10.02
9.97

425.17
423.50
426.81
426.81
426.18
429.08
424.44
426.36

39.3
39.1
39.2
39.8
39.3
39.6
39.8
39.8

12.47
12.50
12.46
12.51
12.49
12.48
12.57
12.52

490.07
488.75
488.43
497.90
490.86
494.21
500.29
498.30

37.9
37.8
37.9
38.2
37.9
38.1
38.3
38.1

10.23
10.23
10.21
10.36
10.28
10.31
10.40
10.35

387.72
386.69
386.96
395.75
389.61
392.81
398.32
394.34

See footnotes at end of table.

80




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
326.33

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.91

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
290.47

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1 82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2 30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2 60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4 53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
612
6.31

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data , not seasonally adjustecI
1988:
August
September
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
Julyp
August"

29.8
29.1
29.1
28.8
29.6
.. . .

$6.26
6.38
6.39
6 43
6.43

$186.55
185.66
185.95
185.18
190.33

35.7
35.8
36.0
35.7
35.8

$9.03
9.14
9.29
9.27
9.32

$322.37
327.21
334.44
330.94
333.66

32.8
32.5
32.7
32.5
32.6

$8.81
9.00
9.09
9.11
9.16

$288.97
292.50
297.24
296.08
298.62

28.4
28.3
28.5
28.9
28.8
29.2
29.9
29.7

6.48
6.47
6.48
6.52
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49

184.03
183.10
184.68
188.43
186.91
189.51
194.05
192.75

36.1
35.8
35.8
36.3
35.6
35.8
36.3
35.8

9.46
9.47
9.43
9.59
9.48
9.48
9.58
9.50

341.51
339.03
337.59
348.12
337.49
339.38
347.75
340.10

32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.4
32.7
33.1
32.9

9.25
9.28
9.29
9.34
9.30
9.26
9.33
9.29

301.55
300.67
301.00
306.35
301.32
302.80
308.82
305.64

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1988 forward are subject to revision.

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1989P

35.1

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

0
01
02

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining ....

34.8

35.1

42.0

42.6

42.8

40.9
41.4
41.4

42.8
43.0
45.6

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

43.6
43.2
49.1

42.5
42.5

June
1989

43.2

42.9
41.6
45.3

Aug.
1988

35.0

42.4

Mining

35.0

July
1988

41.4
41.4

1,12
2

Oil and gas extraction
3
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
Oil and gas field services
38

41.7
43.5
40.7

40.4
40.0
40.7

41.8
44.2
40.4

41.5
42.1
41.1

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ....
Crushed and broken stone

46.5
48.2

46.7
48.4

46.2
47.2

47.1
48.6

38.6

38.6

38.0

38.9

4
142

Construction .

38.9

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

37.9
36.8
39.1
39.0

37.9
37.0
38.7
38.9

37.3
36.7
37.9
38.0

38.0
37.1
38.9
39.0

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

42.9
44.6
41.9

43.0
45.1
41.9

41.5
42.2
41.2

43.5
45.6
42.4

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.7
39.2
36.6
39.2
35.5
35.5
34.6

37.7
39.1
36.5
38.6
35.7
35.4
35.4

37.2
38.8
35.9
38.9
35.1
35.3
32.7

38.0
39.2
36.4
39.2
35.6
35.2
36.3

40.7

40.9

41.1

40.5

40.8

3.7

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.9
3.9

Manufacturing.
Durable goods .

41.2

41.3

41.7

40.9

41.2

3.8

4.0

3.9

3.7

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members ...
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.3
40.3
40.9
41.3
39.5
40.3
40.6
39.4
40.1
41.1
38.9
40.0
39.5
39.8

40.3
39.2
41.2
41.4
40.4
40.6
41.0
40.1
40.5
40.4
38.7
40.2
40.2
39.7

40.4
41.1
41.5
41.8
40.2
40.0
38.9
39.9
40.6
42.2
39.0
39.1
39.1
40.2

39.5
40.3
39.7
40.1
38.3
39.2
38.7
39.4
38.4
40.6
38.9
38.8
38.4
39.7

40.3

3.8
4.4
4.2
4.5
3.1
3.6
3.2
2.8
3.4
5.4
3.4
3.1
2.9
3.1

3.9
4.3
4.4
4.6
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.0

3.6
4.9
4.4
4.6
3.3
3.2
1.9
3.5
3.7
4.8
3.4
2.2
1.8
3.0

3.5
5.2
4.0
4.4
2.8
3.0
1.9
2.8
2.9
5.5
3.3
2.3
1.9
2.9

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

38.9
38.3
38.9
36.9
39.4
38.6
39.8
40.8
39.4
39.0

39.3
38.9
39.2
37.7
39.2
40.7
39.8
41.1
40.0
40.0

39.4
39.0
40.0
37.4
39.4
39.8
39.0
39.9
40.9
40.3

38.6
37.8
38.4
36.3
38.5
39.7
38.4
39.6
41.3
39.8

39.6

2.4
1.9
2.0
1.3
2.0
3.1
2.6
4.0
3.2
2.9

2.7
2.4
2.6
1.6
2.4
3.8
2.4
4.1
3.6
3.2

2.6
2.4
2.8
1.6
2.7
3.0
2.1
3.8
3.6
3.0

2.4
1.9
2.2
1.2
1.9
2.9
2.2
3.5
4.4
2.7

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

42.4
44.5
41.5

42.5
45.7
41.2

42.6
44.8
41.9

42.6
43.9
41.3

43.0

5.2
7.2
4.9

5.3
7.5
4.5

5.1
5.7
4.7

5.3
4.8
4.7

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .
See footnotes at end of table.

82




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

$9.24

Mining

$9.24

$9.58

$9.63

$9.60 $324.32 $323.40 $333.38 $338.01 $336.00

12.72

Total private

12.69

13.03

12.97

13.11

13.31
14.76
11.60

13.37
14.53
11.53

13.62
14.28
11.77

13.74
14.37
11.72

15.97
16.02

15.81
15.86

539.33

532.98

555.08

555.12

571.00
614.02
525.48

546.83
601.54
477.34

582.94
614.04
536.71

599.06
620.78
575.45

643.92
647.54

678.73
680.85

654.53
656.60

659.60
663.70

566.35

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

13
131,2
138

11.92
14.51
10.29

11.70
14.32
10.20

12.47
15.24
10.68

12.44
15.27
10.77

497.06
631.19
418.80

472.68
572.80
415.14

521.25
673.61
431.47

516.26
642.87
442.65

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

10.97
10.45

10.99
10.47

11.28
10.83

11.32
10.91

510.11
503.69

513.23
506.75

521.14
511.18

533.17
530.23

12.96

12.99

13.24

13.33

13.31 500.26

501.41

503.12

518.54

15
152
153
154

12.05
11.38
10.89
12.83

12.16
11.45
11.22
12.98

12.47
11.91
11.79
13.14

12.49
11.98
12.14
13.09

456.70
418.78
425.80
500.37

460.86
423.65
434.21
504.92

465.13
437.10
446.84
499.32

474.62
444.46
472.25
510.51

16
161
162

12.53
12.42
12.59

12.56
12.50
12.60

13.01
12.72
13.15

13.17
13.02
13.25

537.54
553.93
527.52

540.08
563.75
527.94

539.92
536.78
541.78

572.90
593.71
561.80

17

13.48
13.83
12.69
14.73
13.62
12.82
12.05

13.48
13.77
12.80
14.73
13.67
12.80
12.01

13.62
14.06
12.84
14.71
13.84
12.96
11.93

13.73
14.12
13.04
14.84
13.94
13.07
12.14

508.20
542.14
464.45
577.42
483.51
455.11
416.93

508.20
538.41
467.20
568.58
488.02
453.12
425.15

506.66
545.53
460.96
572.22
485.78
457.49
390.11

521.74
553.50
474.66
581.73
496.26
460.06
440.68

10.17

10.13

10.44

10.48

10.45 413.92

414.32

429.08

424.44

426.36

10.67

10.65

10.98

11.00

10.99 439.60

439.85

457.87

449.90

452.79

8.66
11.08
8.77
9.09
7.09
8.57
8.76
7.89
7.03
10.27
6.39
8.01
8.07
7.50

8.58
10.77
8.69
9.01
7.04
8.57
8.80
7.96
7.02
10.12
6.37
8.09
8.17
7.44

8.85
11.24
8.99
9.31
7.38
8.75
8.92
8.17
7.40
10.18
6.43
8.28
8.28
7.68

8.93
11.31
9.15
9.48
7.36
8.79
8.99
8.01
7.32
10.46
6.42
8.26
8.30
7.73

8.98 349.00
446.52
358.69
375.42
280.06
345.37
355.66
310.87
281.90
422.10
248.57
320.40
318.77
298.50

345.77
422.18
358.03
373.01
284.42
347.94
360.80
319.20
284.31
408.85
246.52
325.22
328.43
295.37

357.54
461.96
373.09
389.16
296.68
350.00
346.99
325.98
300.44
429.60
250.77
323.75
323.75
308.74

352.74
455.79
363.26
380.15
281.89
344.57
347.91
315.59
281.09
424.68
249.74
320.49
318.72
306.88

361.89

8.02
7.37
6.90
7.95
7.62
7.79
9.11
8.37
9.50
8.28

8.23
7.59
7.12
8.25
7.95
7.95
9.35
8.73
9.63
8.50

8.25
7.57
7.15
8.16
7.95
7.90
9.37
8.67
9.72
8.50

310.81
281.51
268.80
291.51
297.47
296.83
364.57
341.50
368.78
320.19

315.19
286.69
270.48
299.72
298.70
317.05
362.58
344.01
380.00
331.20

324.26
296.01
284.80
308.55
313.23
316.41
364.65
348.33
393.87
342.55

318.45
286.15
274.56
296.21
306.08
313.63
359.81
343.33
401.44
338.30

328.68

10.45
14.60
11.73

10.73
14.93
12.06

10.74
14.74
12.14

10.76 446.47

444.13
667.22
483.28

457.10
668.86
505.31

457.52
647.09
501.38

462.68

Crushed and broken stone

517.76

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

171

172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245

2451
249

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251

259

7.99
7.35
6.91
7.90
7.55
7.69
9.16
8.37
9.36
8.21

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

10.53
14.83
11.89

2511
2512
2514

2515
252
253
254

8.30

659.94
493.44

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989 P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills

Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329

3291
3292
33
331
3312

3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
341

3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
3444
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
3452
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
3471
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

84




35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

5.7
4.0
3.4
3.4
4.4
2.9
6.9
7.0
6.3
7.1
4.5
3.6
2.9

5.3
3.6
3.1
3.8
4.5
3.0
7.1
7.4
6.4
7.4
4.5
3.4
4.1

5.6
3.7
3.3
2.5
3.9
3.0
6.9
6.9
6.3
7.1
4.7
4.2
3.6

5.8
3.5
3.6
2.8
3.9
2.9
7.6
7.3
6.7
8.1
4.5
3.4
3.6

42.1
41.9

5.4
5.9
6.2
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
6.0
6.2
8.2
5.2
3.2
3.3

5.6
6.0
6.3
5.3
5.7
6.2
4.3
4.8
5.0
5.1
6.2
7.0
7.9
5.4
3.7
3.9

5.4
5.8
6.1
4.7
5.2
5.6
3.8
4.8
4.7
4.8
6.2
5.7
7.6
5.4
3.8
3.9

5.0
5.4
5.6
3.7
4.5
4.6
2.9
4.2
5.0
5.0
6.0
5.7
8.0
5.2
3.2
3.0

40.8
45.2
45.5
39.6
39.8
39.2
39.7
40.1
39.5
40.9
41.6
39.7
41.5
40.5
40.8
41.6
40.8
42.5
40.5
41.5
40.6
39.7
40.0
39.4
41.0
41.0
41.0
40.5
41.3
39.1

41.3

3.6
6.1
6.3
3.1
2.8
3.2
3.2
2.8
3.6
3.8
5.1
3.3
4.2
3.1
3.1
4.9
4.0
5.9
3.5
4.8
2.9
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.5
2.8
2.4
3.2
3.8
3.0

4.0
6.5
6.7
3.1
2.7
3.2
4.2
3.4
4.8
4.0
5.4
3.2
4.6
3.2
3.8
5.2
4.2
6.2
4.3
4.8
4.5
3.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.7
4.0
3.5

3.8
5.9
5.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.7
4.3
2.9
3.9
3.3
4.5
4.9
3.6
6.3
4.2
5.0
4.5
3.4
3.6
3.4
4.1
3.1
2.8
3.4
3.5
3.2

3.6
6.3
6.2
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.7
3.8
4.5
2.8
4.1
3.4
4.8
4.4
3.6
5.4
3.4
4.2
3.2
3.0
3.1
2.8
3.7
2.8
2.9
3.2
3.3
2.8

41.8
43.1
41.1
43.8
40.5
41.4

41.6

4.1
3.9
5.1
3.5
3.8
4.7

4.2
4.7
5.3
4.5
3.8
4.6

4.3
3.8
5.3
3.3
4.0
4.8

4.0
3.6
5.3
3.0
3.7
4.3

41.6
41.3
41.7
42.3
41.9
39.5
43.9
45.5
43.1
43.5
41.8
42.7
40.7

41.2
41.3
41.2
42.5
42.2
40.3
44.1
45.9
43.2
43.8
41.9
42.7
41.2

42.3
41.4
41.5
41.1
42.1
39.9
43.8
43.4
43.6
43.3
42.7
44.1
41.3

41.5
41.1
41.5
41.1
41.3
39.6
44.6
44.3
44.1
44.7
42.0
42.5
40.8

43.1
44.0
44.4
41.7
42.6
42.3
42.2
43.1
43.6
43.8
43.1
42.3
45.2
42.5
40.5
40.8

43.1
43.6
44.0
41.9
43.2
43.5
41.3
42.3
43.6
44.3
43.3
43.2
45.3
42.7
41.0
41.4

43.3
43.9
44.3
41.9
42.8
43.3
41.9
42.2
42.7
42.5
43.8
43.9
44.8
42.6
41.8
42.3

42.6
43.2
43.5
41.0
42.0
42.1
40.4
41.2
42.8
42.5
43.4
43.3
45.1
42.0
40.5
40.6

41.1
45.0
45.5
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.9
42.2
40.2
42.0
39.6
39.7
42.7
41.4
44.1
40.8
42.9
40.2
40.4
40.3
40.1
40.6
41.2
40.7
40.7
41.7
40.0

41.5
45.6
46.1
40.7
40.3
40.7
41.2
40.5
41.6
41.2
42.5
40.5
42.3
39.9
40.7
42.6
41.2
44.2
41.9
42.4
42.7
40.7
40.3
40.2
40.4
41.4
40.7
41.1
41.9
40.2

41.7
44.8
45.2
41.0
41.4
40.5
40.7
40.9
39.7
41.4
42.2
40.5
42.3
40.4
41.4
42.7
41.0
44.5
42.1
43.1
42.8
40.4
41.3
41.1
41.8
41.7
41.6
41.2
42.2
39.7

42.3
45.3
43.3
45.9
41.7
43.4

42.0
42.7
42.8
42.7
41.3
42.4

42.6
42.6
43.0
42.5
41.9
43.3

Aug.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$12.38 $12.21 $12.63 $12.73
11.46
11.40
11.30 11.17
9.39
9.36
8.95
9.15
13.56
13.41
13.17 13.17
9.17
9.14
8.91
8.96
9.55
9.58
9.23
9.41
10.55 10.57
10.28 10.25
9.37
9.80
9.80
9.36
9.21
9.58
9.50
9.22
11.10 11.02 11.35 11.31
10.74
10.72
10.61 10.54
9.90
10.15 10.18
9.99
11.05 11.03
10.54 10.84

Average weekly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$515.01
466.69
381.56
557.09
375.42
371.70
451.29
425.88
397.38
482.85
443.50
426.57
428.98

Aug.
1989P

$503.05
461.32
368.74
559.73
376.00
371.97
452.03
430.08
397.87
482.68
441.63
422.73
446.61

$534.25
471.96
388.44
551.15
384.79
382.24
462.09
425.32
414.20
491.46
457.74
447.62
456.37

$528.30
471.01
389.69
557.32
378.72
378.18
471.42
434.14
422.48
505.56
451.08
432.65
450.02

Aug.
1989P

12.22
14.09
14.88
10.82
10.92
11.44
12.22
10.15
13.33
13.60
11.66
10.92
14.00
11.78
9.50
9.62

12.10
13.96
14.71
10.76
10.82
11.37
11.56
10.04
13.32
13.51
11.60
10.90
14.07
11.66
9.45
9.60

12.32
14.18
14.91
11.03
11.16
11.69
12.04
10.43
13.66
13.96
11.79
11.08
14.22
11.95
9.72
9.95

12.41 $12.32 526.68
14.34
14.27 619.96
660.67
15.14
451.19
10.96
465.19
11.06
483.91
11.63
515.68
12.02
437.47
10.34
581.19
13.75
595.68
14.00
502.55
11.82
461.92
11.28
632.80
14.37
500.65
11.91
384.75
9.81
392.50
10.07

521.51
608.66
647.24
450.84
467.42
494.60
477.43
424.69
580.75
598.49
502.28
470.88
637.37
497.88
387.45
397.44

533.46
622.50
660.51
462.16
477.65
506.18
504.48
440.15
583.28
593.30
516.40
486.41
637.06
509.07
406.30
420.89

528.67
619.49
658.59
449.36
464.52
489.62
485.61
426.01
588.50
595.00
512.99
488.42
648.09
500.22
397.31
408.84

$518.67
597.91

10.20
13.42
14.21
10.03
9.19
10.41
9.38
9.01
9.13
9.61
10.25
8.10
10.34
9.92
8.86
9.96
9.31
10.66
12.10
12.97
13.79
9.44
8.26
8.23
8.32
11.30
10.94
9.50
10.41
8.39

10.21
13.38
14.17
10.01
9.18
10.39
9.31
9.01
9.14
9.58
10.29
8.04
10.21
9.91
8.84
10.00
9.29
10.75
12.17
12.94
13.91
9.46
8.25
8.21
8.33
11.35
11.01
9.53
10.44
8.49

10.51
13.86
14.78
10.39
9.66
10.74
9.48
9.04
9.39
9.92
10.46
8.26
10.58
10.35
9.33
10.29
9.64
10.96
12.50
13.30
14.09
9.74
8.50
8.47
8.56
11.57
11.23
9.78
10.48
8.62

10.51
13.91
14.81
10.42
9.54
10.84
9.51
9.07
9.30
9.96
10.42
8.34
10.59
10.44
9.36
10.30
9.69
10.93
12.39
13.36
13.99
9.73
8.53
8.50
8.58
11.60
11.35
9.84
10.62
8.61

10.50 419.22
603.90
646.56
406.22
371.28
418.48
380.83
364.91
370.68
393.05
432.55
325.62
434.28
392.83
351.74
425.29
385.43
470.11
493.68
556.41
554.36
381.38
332.88
330.02
337.79
465.56
445.26
386.65
434.10
335.60

423.72
610.13
653.24
407.41
369.95
422.87
383.57
364.91
380.22
394.70
437.33
325.62
431.88
395.41
359.79
426.00
382.75
475.15
509.92
548.66
593.96
385.02
332.48
330.04
336.53
469.89
448.11
391.68
437.44
341.30

438.27
620.93
668.06
425.99
399.92
434.97
385.84
369.74
372.78
410.69
441.41
334.53
447.53
418.14
386.26
439.38
395.24
487.72
526.25
573.23
603.05
393.50
351.05
348.12
357.81
482.47
467.17
402.94
442.26
342.21

428.81
628.73
673.86
412.63
379.69
424.93
377.55
363.71
367.35
407.36
433.47
331.10
439.49
422.82
381.89
428.48
395.35
464.53
501.80
554.44
567.99
386.28
341.20
334.90
351.78
475.60
465.35
398.52
438.61
336.65

433.65

10.98
13.71
13.90
13.66
10.30
10.91

10.97
13.65
13.88
13.58
10.29
10.79

11.32
14.01
14.13
13.97
10.62
11.39

11.36
14.10
14.29
14.04
10.57
11.29

11.33 464.45
621.06
601.87
626.99
429.51
473.49

460.74
582.86
594.06
579.87
424.98
457.50

482.23
596.83
607.59
593.73
444.98
493.19

474.85
607.71
587.32
614.95
428.09
467.41

471.33

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

86




1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585

359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622

363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369

3691
3694

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

42.9
44.2
40.8
42.4
43.9
41.3
42.9
42.2
44.9
43.7
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.8
39.5
42.5
43.7
43.0
41.9
41.1
42.1
42.0
41.5
41.5
41.5
42.2
41.8
42.7
41.7

42.8
43.6
41.6
42.6
43.2
41.3
42.9
42.6
43.7
43.7
41.2
42.1
41.5
41.9
41.7
38.4
42.3
42.8
43.1
42.8
41.4
42.9
40.1
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.7
41.5
42.7
41.4

42.9
43.3
42.5
42.6
44.0
41.1
43.6
44.3
43.9
43.9
42.6
42.8
42.5
42.7
42.6
38.9
42.6
42.9
43.6
43.7
41.7
42.4
42.0
41.7
41.6
42.3
43.1
42.2
42.2
42.1

40.6
42.0
42.1
41.9
41.6
41.5
40.5
39.3
40.2
38.3
40.9
39.6
39.7
38.2
40.9
38.1
40.5
40.2
40.8
42.2
40.2
40.2
42.0
40.1
40.4
41.7
42.3
41.6

40.8
41.7
42.3
41.2
42.1
42.0
41.7
39.4
38.2
41.3
40.4
40.0
40.2
40.0
40.4
37.9
40.4
40.0
41.0
42.2
40.5
40.2
41.0
40.0
40.6
42.2
42.6
42.5

40.1
41.4
41.0
41.9
41.4
41.5
40.8
39.4
38.1
40.9
39.7
39.0
38.6
39.7
39.0
36.4
39.4
38.6
40.7
43.2
39.7
39.5
41.3
39.0
39.9
40.6
41.6
40.2

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

4.1
3.9
4.0
5.3
5.1
3.4
5.0
4.3
5.9
5.8
4.1
3.4
4.5
4.0
3.2
5.0
4.5
4.5
5.4
4.2
3.2
5.3
4.8
2.8
2.8
3.5
3.8
4.3
4.9
4.3

42.4
43.0
40.6
41.7
44.0
40.4
42.9
42.8
43.7
43.5
41.5
42.6
41.5
41.9
42.1
38.2
41.7
40.9
42.7
41.8
40.6
42.0
42.1
40.9
40.8
41.8
43.1
41.4
40.5
41.5

40.4
41.9
41.8
42.0
41.8
41.6
41.0
39.2
38.8
40.3
39.7
39.3
40.2
38.9
39.6
38.2
40.8
40.5
40.7
42.2
40.1
39.9
41.1
40.0
39.9
41.2
40.9
41.1

Aug.
1989P

40.6

3.9
3.6
3.9
5.2
4.7
3.2
5.0
4.4
5.3
5.8
3.8
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.3
5.7
4.4
3.3
5.3
4.6
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
4.4
4.9
4.3

4.4
4.5
4.3
4.4
5.6
3.5
5.4
5.4
5.9
6.0
4.7
3.6
4.5
4.4
3.5
3.7
4.5
4.3
6.0
4.7
3.4
4.9
4.7
3.0
3.0
3.8
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.4

3.8
3.9
3.9
3.3
5.3
2.9
5.0
5.0
5.4
5.7
4.3
3.5
4.3
4.5
3.8
3.7
4.3
3.5
5.7
4.1
3.4
4.7
4.9
2.3
2.5
4.0
4.8
4.2
4.2
4.2

2.9
3.7
3.2
4.1
3.8
3.9
2.6
2.5
3.6
2.2
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.6
2.4
1.3
2.7
1.9
2.3
2.6
2.2
3.0
2.9
3.4
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.5

3.2
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.7
2.3
3.0
4.6
1.9
3.7
2.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.1
3.3
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.4
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.8
3.6
4.3

3.0
3.0
3.2
2.8
3.7
4.2
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.5
2.4
3.3
2.9
2.4
2.8
2.2
3.2
3.2
3.8
3.1
3.4
3.1
4.1

2.9
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.7
4.3
2.5
2.8
3.8
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.4
3.4
2.5
1.5
3.1
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.2
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.1
2.7
3.6
2.6

Aug.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359

3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613

362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364

3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366

3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674

3679
369
3691

3694

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$11.02 $10.98 $11.39 $11.35
12.10
12.24
12.68
12.75
11.47
11.43
11.20
11.23
10.70
10.69
11.02
11.04
10.05
9.93
10.37
10.37
9.92
9.83
10.17
10.24
11.40
11.40
11.79
11.73
11.28
11.37
11.69
11.58
11.72
11.80
12.02
12.16
12.22
12.21
12.63
12.57
10.19
10.08
10.58
10.58
9.06
9.10
9.38
9.37
11.09
11.17
11.59
11.51
10.99
10.99
11.60
11.49
9.14
9.13
9.73
9.61
12.09
12.31
12.60
12.39
10.52
10.59
10.95
10.89
11.19
11.31
11.46
11.51
10.79
10.96
11.54
11.40
10.46
10.46
10.65
10.64
9.40
9.38
9.67
9.61
10.59
10.47
11.20
11.14
10.54
10.62
10.66
10.37
10.75
10.70
11.15
11.13
10.70
10.67
11.15
11.12
10.53
10.49
10.73
10.77
10.70
10.70
10.87
10.95
10.61
10.55
11.03
10.97
12.87
12.62
13.28
13.25
10.30
10.26
10.75
10.67
10.13

10.15

9.41
9.23

9.44

9.58
10.03

9.58

9.90
10.01

10.14
11.77
11.79
7.42

9.49
10.72

9.30
10.01
9.93
9.91
10.07
11.77
11.83
7.51
9.58
10.84

9.43
9.23
7.09

9.42

9.33
9.62

9.44
9.80

12.15

12.18
11.74

11.72
12.33
9.21
11.53
11.11

8.21
10.54
10.81
11.20

9.19
7.02

12.36
9.22
11.40
11.19
8.20
10.66
11.05
11.32

10.37
9.42
9.04
9.81
10.05

10.03
9.85
10.16
11.78

11.99
7.50
9.85
10.92
9.74
9.42
7.45

9.56
10.01
12.41
11.65

12.73
9.63
12.15
11.73
8.55
11.02
11.66
11.69

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$472.76
541.01
466.34
453.26

$469.94 $488.63 $481.24
527.56 552.08 545.24

435.93

434.16

405.98
489.06
479.81
529.82
533.58
419.33
378.56

409.70
489.06
480.53
512.16

Aug.
1989P

465.79
459.38
381.63
486.25
450.08

477.15
455.82

459.53
456.28

420.86

410.87

511.43
512.99
533.82

505.79
500.33
525.27

454.72

534.01

551.82

549.41

419.83
381.43
460.24
460.48
381.14
464.26
445.00

450.71

439.07

401.04

399.59
480.99
486.04

471.28
438.27
385.52

478.93
465.05
447.69
389.16

440.79
446.04
444.05

454.31
422.65
445.05

442.81
435.34
451.54

442.98
434.89

494.25

477.28
470.30
456.28

489.18

490.62
409.39
481.97
463.91

493.78
497.04
464.97
400.74
472.34
435.54
464.12

440.99

446.19
440.32

462.59
455.57
471.95
462.93

538.87
427.84

549.55
426.42

559.15
449.21

10.43 $10.45 409.25
394.28
9.48
385.81
9.21
402.36
9.73
419.25
10.09
411.84
10.04
410.41
9.97
397.49
10.31
456.68
11.82
475.14
12.30
294.57
7.43
372.96
9.90
430.94
11.35
366.83
9.88
365.51
9.44
270.84
7.31
380.66
9.68
389.61
10.09
494.51
12.44
494.58
11.60
494.43
12.79
367.48
9.71
473.88
12.21
444.40
11.96
327.58
8.55
434.25
10.95
442.13
11.90
460.32
11.42

412.09
396.48
391.53
401.40
416.42
412.10
401.36
395.75
473.15
453.09
307.16
379.37
430.35
359.84
375.87
267.46
382.32
393.96
496.94
495.43
496.87
370.64
478.80
448.72
331.28
444.52
467.42
470.91

423.10
392.81
382.39
404.17
423.11
421.26
410.75
400.30
450.00
495.19
303.00
394.00
438.98
389.60
380.57
282.36
386.22
400.40
508.81
491.63
515.57
387.13
498.15
469.20
347.13
465.04
496.72
496.83

409.63
481.32
456.62
468.71

492.76
445.17

392.60
470.40
448.79
456.04
454.92
448.51
468.50
456.64
537.84

446.13
418.24
392.47
377.61
407.69
417.73
416.66
406.78
406.21
450.34
503.07
294.97
386.10
438.11
392.24
368.16
266.08
381.39
389.47
506.31
501.12
507.76
383.55
504.27
466.44
341.15
444.57
495.04
459.08

$424.27

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts...
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

88




382
3822
3823
3825
383
384

3841
3842
385
386
387

3949

395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011

2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204

2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

41.7
41.7
40.8
41.7
42.2
39.5
42.3
41.8
42.7
42.8
40.2
40.7
39.5
40.8
42.9
42.9
40.5
39.5

41.8
42.2
41.3
42.0
43.0
39.9
41.6
41.2
41.7
42.2
40.5
40.9
39.8
42.4
43.0
42.8
39.5
38.8

42.6
43.0
43.0
43.0
43.4
40.2
43.0
43.0
42.2
43.5
40.2
41.2
38.8
43.1
42.7
42.9
39.5
39.0

41.6
41.4
40.9
43.0
41.8
38.7
42.6
42.9
42.1
42.6
39.8
41.0
38.0
44.3
42.3
42.3
39.5
39.3

41.6
41.3

4.2
4.4
4.4
3.8
4.5
2.6
4.5
3.9
4.8
5.3
2.8
3.0
2.6
3.3
4.5
4.7
3.1
3.2

4.4
4.8
4.6
3.7
5.2
2.7
4.5
4.1
4.7
4.9
2.8
3.2
2.3
4.4
4.6
4.7
2.7
2.7

4.5
4.7
4.7
4.0
5.0
2.7
5.2
5.2
4.9
5.4
2.7
2.9
2.5
4.3
3.9
4.2
2.3
1.7

4.1
3.8
4.2
3.9
3.8
2.1
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.3
2.8
3.1
2.4
4.8
4.1
4.3
2.4
1.7

41.1
42.0
40.9
38.5
43.4
40.4
43.9
40.2
39.5
40.9
39.2
43.7
39.9

41.2
41.3
41.0
39.4
43.4
40.3
42.8
40.5
39.8
41.0
39.8
43.9
40.6

41.3
41.9
41.2
40.5
43.0
40.5
43.0
40.4
40.8
39.7
40.7
43.7
39.3

40.7
42.0
40.1
38.5
41.2
40.6
42.4
39.7
40.0
39.0
40.3
43.4
40.4

40.7

2.8
3.0
2.6
2.1
3.7
2.0
3.3
2.6
2.3
2.9
2.3
3.7
1.6

2.9
2.8
2.6
2.4
3.8
2.0
2.4
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.7

2.7
2.8
2.6
2.3
3.6
2.2
2.7
2.6
2.9
2.3
2.4
3.5
1.4

2.6
2.8
2.4
2.2
3.0
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.4
2.4
3.7
1.4

38.6
37.7
36.7
38.3
38.7
37.0
39.9
40.1
36.2
34.3
39.1
39.2

39.0
37.4
36.0
40.0
39.4
38.2
40.4
39.6
36.9
34.9
39.7
39.5

39.4
37.5
36.9
38.6
39.9
38.7
40.8
40.3
38.6
37.6
40.0
39.9

38.6
36.5
36.0
37.8
38.6
37.7
39.2
39.8
37.8
37.6
39.5
39.5

39.6

2.1
.9
.3

1.3
.7
2.5
2.8

2.4
1.6
1.0
2.2
2.2
1.7
2.7
2.6
1.8
.9
2.9
2.9

2.4
1.3
1.1
1.7
2.6
1.7
3.3
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.9

2.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
2.0
1.1
2.6
2.5
2.7
3.2
2.7
2.5

39.9
40.3
40.1
41.5
41.3
38.5
41.7
39.8
42.5
38.5
41.2
38.8
36.4
44.9
48.1
43.2
40.3
39.5
42.4

40.2
40.8
40.6
41.9
41.4
39.2
40.8
39.2
41.9
41.1
43.5
41.8
39.9
44.7
47.1
43.1
40.2
39.1
42.9

40.3
40.7
40.9
41.9
41.9
40.0
41.3
40.2
41.7
39.0
42.3
37.8
37.7
44.3
46.3
42.7
39.7
39.3
40.9

40.0
41.0
41.2
41.5
41.5
40.8
41.3
39.5
42.2
40.9
41.3
42.5
38.8
44.4
46.3
43.9
39.3
39.1
39.8

40.2
41.2

3.6
4.5
4.3
5.6
5.2
3.1
4.7
3.6
5.2
4.3
3.9
5.4
3.4
6.8
8.5
6.2
4.1
4.2
3.9

3.8
4.8
4.3
5.4
4.9
3.1
4.2
3.5
4.9
6.4
7.5
7.9
5.4
6.4
7.4
6.1
4.1
4.0
4.3

3.6
4.4
4.4
5.3
4.9
3.7
4.4
4.1
4.5
3.9
5.5
4.1
3.5
5.9
6.1
5.8
4.2
4.5
3.4

3.7
4.9
4.7
5.5
4.8
4.0
4.6
3.5
5.0
5.6
4.6
7.1
4.6
6.1
7.1
6.6
4.2
4.5
3.4

Aug.
1989 P

1.8
2.1

1.2
2.8
2.7

3.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

$13.19 $13.21 $13.65 $13.64 $13.72 $550.02
14.22
14.13
14.26 575.04
13.83
13.79
16.45
654.02
16.51
16.07
16.03
11.79
486.22
11.84
11.65
11.66
13.20
544.38
13.16
13.02
12.90
9.56
365.38
9.35
9.20
9.25
14.12
576.55
14.28
13.63
13.63
(2)
(2)
(2)
$599.51
$14.04 $13.87 $14.30 $14.62
538.85
13.00
12.59
12.59
12.98
408.83
10.69
10.18
10.17
10.57
465.61
11.70
11.49
11.68
11.44
331.41
8.96
8.82
8.26
8.39
487.56
12.67
12.67
12.06
11.95
564.14
13.75
13.65
13.20
13.15
(2)
(2)
(2)
$412.70
$10.19 $10.05 $10.30 $10.32
341.68
8.88
8.58
8.65
8.96

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

$552.18
583.63
663.69
489.30
559.86
367.08
567.01

$581.49
611.46
707.35
506.97
572.88
384.31
607.16

$567.42 $570.75
584.98 588.94
675.26
509.12
550.09
361.85
608.33

$578.38
531.30
412.29
469.94
328.75
511.34
567.60

$603.46
564.63
424.91
481.22
342.22
546.08
582.86

$615.50
553.80
425.46
479.70
340.48
561.28
581.63

$396.98 $406.85 $407.64
332.90 349.44 348.98

9.96
11.18
9.69
9.30
9.37
9.79
10.92
8.94
9.15
8.71
7.50
13.29
7.41

9.94
11.19
9.67
9.30
9.33
9.77
10.84
8.97
9.23
8.68
7.60
13.25
7.24

10.25
11.44
10.02
9.35
9.62
10.30
11.31
9.28
9.46
9.08
7.66
13.53
7.46

10.29
11.48
10.03
9.34
9.67
10.28
11.38
9.28
9.37
9.15
7.80
13.62
7.48

10.31 409.36
469.56
396.32
358.05
406.66
395.52
479.39
359.39
361.43
356.24
294.00
580.77
295.66

409.53
462.15
396.47
366.42
404.92
393.73
463.95
363.29
367.35
355.88
302.48
581.68
293.94

423.33
479.34
412.82
378.68
413.66
417.15
486.33
374.91
385.97
360.48
311.76
591.26
293.18

418.80
482.16
402.20
359.59
398.40
417.37
482.51
368.42
374.80
356.85
314.34
591.11
302.19

419.62

7.98
8.54
8.63
7.85
7.23
6.97
7.41
7.83
6.76
6.26
8.73
9.08

7.95
8.53
8.62
7.97
7.21
6.96
7.39
7.89
6.77
6.31
8.70
9.03

8.24
8.84
8.82
8.34
7.53
7.40
7.62
8.04
7.08
6.66
8.98
9.32

8.30
9.00
9.05
8.17
7.52
7.41
7.60
8.09
7.04
6.58
9.11
9.39

8.16 308.03
321.96
316.72
300.66
279.80
257.89
295.66
313.98
244.71
214.72
341.34
355.94

310.05
319.02
310.32
318.80
284.07
265.87
298.56
312.44
249.81
220.22
345.39
356.69

324.66
331.50
325.46
321.92
300.45
286.38
310.90
324.01
273.29
250.42
359.20
371.87

320.38
328.50
325.80
308.83
290.27
279.36
297.92
321.98
266.11
247.41
359.85
370.91

323.14

9.46
9.12
7.62
8.50
9.07
6.36
9.82
9.12
10.31
8.39
10.52
8.48
7.63
11.30
10.98
8.74
10.28
10.24
10.37

9.41
9.02
7.56
8.47
8.98
6.31
9.81
9.17
10.25
8.24
10.28
8.41
7.31
11.18
11.06
8.68
10.29
10.21
10.46

9.70
9.37
7.74
8.63
9.18
6.57
10.13
9.48
10.60
8.73
10.67
8.94
7.75
11.44
10.97
8.79
10.53
10.45
10.73

9.76
9.35
7.78
8.72
9.23
6.58
10.19
9.47
10.68
8.65
10.53
8.82
7.73
11.34
11.10
8.80
10.52
10.48
10.64

9.72 377.45
9.26 367.54
305.56
352.75
374.59
244.86
409.49
362.98
438.18
323.02
433.42
329.02
277.73
507.37
528.14
377.57
414.28
404.48
439.69

378.28
368.02
306.94
354.89
371.77
247.35
400.25
359.46
429.48
338.66
447.18
351.54
291.67
499.75
520.93
374.11
413.66
399.21
448.73

390.91
381.36
316.57
361.60
384.64
262.80
418.37
381.10
442.02
340.47
451.34
337.93
292.18
506.79
507.91
375.33
418.04
410.69
438.86

390.40
383.35
320.54
361.88
383.05
268.46
420.85
374.07
450.70
353.79
434.89
374.85
299.92
503.50
513.93
386.32
413.44
409.77
423.47

390.74
381.51

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average overtime hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

3.6
6.0
3.0
5.4
5.1
7.2
4.9
4.4

Aug.
1989P

3.6
5.3
3.0
5.2
4.2
5.7
4.3
4.4

3.5
5.0
2.9
5.3
4.6
6.8
4.3
4.2

3.8
5.9
3.1
5.4
4.8
7.2
4.6
4.8

208
2082
2086
209

40.2
41.5
39.0
42.9
42.2
44.8
41.7
38.5

40.8
41.5
40.0
42.0
41.0
43.0
41.3
38.5

40.9
43.6
39.5
43.6
42.2
44.4
41.6
38.8

41.1
43.9
39.8
43.1
42.3
44.7
42.1
38.9

Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes

21
211

39.3
39.5

40.1
41.3

40.1
40.3

37.8
38.2

37.7

2.9
3.0

2.6
2.9

2.4
2.5

1.3
1.3

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227

40.4
39.9
41.2
40.3
40.6
39.6
37.4
39.0
40.2
38.6
40.1
40.8
42.2
39.7
42.7
39.8
40.1
38.5
41.7

41.3
41.1
42.4
42.4
41.1
40.1
38.6
39.6
40.0
39.6
41.0
42.2
43.1
41.8
43.4
40.5
41.1
37.8
42.2

41.6
41.9
41.6
41.3
42.5
41.0
39.3
40.8
40.6
40.4
42.5
43.1
43.3
42.4
42.1
41.0
41.2
39.3
42.3

40.6
41.6
40.5
41.5
40.5
39.8
38.1
39.7
39.9
38.7
41.2
41.3
42.2
40.0
40.7
40.4
40.7
37.4
41.6

41.2

3.5
3.6
3.9
2.9
3.0
2.9
1.9
2.6
3.1
1.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.8
4.0
2.5
3.8

4.1
4.2
4.8
4.0
3.9
3.3
2.7
2.8
3.2
2.6
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.5
4.8
4.1
4.4
2.4
4.3

4.3
4.8
4.3
3.4
4.0
4.0
2.8
4.0
4.0
2.5
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.3
4.5
4.2
4.5
2.7
4.1

3.9
4.9
3.9
3.4
2.9
3.6
2.3
3.6
3.8
2.0
5.0
4.4
4.9
3.9
4.0
3.8
4.0
2.3
3.7

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327

37.0
36.4
36.5
37.0
36.6
35.2
35.8
36.1
35.3
36.9
35.6
38.5
39.4
33.9
36.7
35.7
38.2
39.1
37.0
39.2
41.5

37.4
36.4
37.8
38.8
36.6
37.1
35.7
36.1
34.8
36.4
35.8
37.7
38.3
34.8
37.3
36.0
38.1
39.4
38.0
39.3
41.3

36.7
36.2
37.2
37.6
37.3
36.9
35.1
35.2
34.5
36.7
35.0
37.4
38.1
33.3
37.4
36.6
38.1
38.1
35.3
39.4
37.5

37.0

1.5
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.1
1.1
2.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.2
1.9
2.0
.7
2.4
3.2

1.8
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.4
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.1
1.7
1.4
2.3
2.8
1.2
2.7
5.6

1.9
1.1
1.8
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.6
1.4
1.6
2.2
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.1
1.9
1.6
2.2
2.9
1.9
2.7
4.7

1.6
.9
1.5
1.3
1.8
1.5
1.3
.8
1.4
2.1
1.3
1.1
1.3

239
2391
2392
2396

36.7
37.4
36.6
37.1
36.7
36.4
35.6
36.3
34.9
36.0
35.5
36.3
36.7
33.9
37.2
35.3
37.6
38.1
36.4
38.6
39.0

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes ,
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

42.9
45.0
45.0
43.8
41.4
42.8
41.2
41.5
42.4
41.7
42.9
43.5

42.9
44.6
44.6
43.6
41.5
43.0
41.0
41.8
42.6
42.6
43.2
42.1

43.2
44.7
45.0
44.7
41.8
43.7
41.0
41.2
43.0
42.3
43.7
43.4

42.8
44.6
44.9
44.5
41.4
43.3
39.5
41.8
42.3
41.3
43.1
43.1

43.0

5.0
6.3
6.4
7.4
3.8
4.0
2.8
4.3
4.4
4.0
4.9
5.0

4.9
5.8
5.8
7.2
3.9
3.8
3.3
4.5
4.6
4.2
5.1
4.3

5.0
6.1
6.3
7.0
3.8
4.0
2.5
4.0
4.7
4.4
5.1
5.2

5.1
6.2
6.4
7.6
3.9
3.8
2.4
4.4
4.7
4.4
5.2
5.5

Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products .

See footnotes at end of table.

90




206
2061-3
2065
207

228
2281
2282

229

2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

1.9
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.2
2.8
1.8

Aug.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

$385.12
476.84
326.43
410.12
516.95
765.63
405.32
323.02

$387.19
475.18
330.80
401.10
501.02
727.99
403.91
323.79

$406.14
504.89
348.39
427.28
544.80
801.42
430.56
338.72

$411.82
511.00
355.41
432.72
547.36
807.73
435.74
343.49

600.30
718.21

660.85
751.19

616.52 $580.20
700.59

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$9.58
11.49
8.37
9.56
12.25
17.09
9.72
8.39

$9.49
11.45
8.27
9.55
12.22
16.93
9.78
8.41

$9.93 $10.02
11.58 11.64
8.82
8.93
9.80 10.04
12.91 12.94
18.05 18.07
10.35 10.35
8.73
8.83

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

15.78
17.59

14.97
17.39

16.48
18.64

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

7.31
7.62
7.87
7.95
6.80
6.62
6.52
6.39
6.36
6.40
7.37
7.72
7.71
7.99
7.66
7.01
6.99
7.17
8.31

7.37
7.66
7.92
8.02
6.84
6.68
6.57
6.44
6.42
6.49
7.45
7.83
7.88
8.12
7.76
7.05
7.01
7.32
8.35

7.65
8.00
8.24
8.56
7.18
6.90
6.78
6.76
6.49
6.86
7.75
8.13
8.16
8.43
7.94
7.37
7.38
7.35
8.57

7.65
8.00
8.26
8.47
7.13
6.91
6.73
6.72
6.56
6.87
7.75
8.03
8.09
8.34
8.04
7.36
7.35
7.52
8.54

7.70 295.32
304.04
324.24
320.39
276.08
262.15
243.85
249.21
255.67
247.04
295.54
314.98
325.36
317.20
327.08
279.00
280.30
276.05
346.53

304.38
314.83
335.81
340.05
281.12
267.87
253.60
255.02
256.80
257.00
305.45
330.43
339.63
339.42
336.78
285.53
288.11
276.70
352.37

318.24
335.20
342.78
353.53
305.15
282.90
266.45
275.81
263.49
277.14
329.38
350.40
353.33
357.43
334.27
302.17
304.06
288.86
362.51

310.59
332.80
334.53
351.51
288.77
275.02
256.41
266.78
261.74
265.87
319.30
331.64
341.40
333.60
327.23
297.34
299.15
281.25
355.26

317.24

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

6.03
6.81
5.57
5.40
5.45
5.61
5.82
5.04
6.12
6.54
5.75
5.59
5.45
6.45
5.44
5.45
5.93
7.16
5.93
6.25
10.68

6.09
6.74
5.58
5.40
5.46
5.61
5.89
5.11
6.27
6.52
5.78
5.65
5.55
6.27
5.47
5.49
6.01
7.26
5.99
6.24
11.04

6.33
7.07
5.77
5.61
5.61
5.73
6.10
5.29
6.65
6.45
5.98
5.90
5.75
6.74
5.65
5.60
6.12
7.62
6.38
6.40
11.80

6.28
7.19
5.76
5.58
5.60
5.76
6.10
5.24
6.62
6.57
6.00
5.90
5.80
6.57
5.63
5.68
6.06
7.40
6.33
6.48
11.05

6.35 221.30
254.69
203.86
200.34
200.02
204.20
207.19
182.95
213.59
235.44
204.13
202.92
200.02
218.66
202.37
192.39
222.97
272.80
215.85
241.25
416.52

225.33
245.34
203.67
199.80
199.84
197.47
210.86
184.47
221.33
240.59
205.77
217.53
218.67
212.55
200.75
195.99
229.58
283.87
221.63
244.61
458.16

236.74
257.35
218.11
217.67
205.33
212.58
217.77
190.97
231.42
234.78
214.08
222.43
220.23
234.55
210.75
201.60
233.17
300.23
242.44
251.52
487.34

230.48
260.28
214.27
209.81
208.88
212.54
214.11
184.45
228.39
241.12
210.00
220.66
220.98
218.78
210.56
207.89
230.89
281.94
223.45
255.31
414.38

234.95

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.72
14.40
14.42
14.51
10.11
11.26
9.64
9.41
10.03
10.32
10.21
9.68

11.65
14.31
14.34
14.48
10.08
11.23
9.57
9.39
9.99
10.28
10.21
9.65

11.91
14.66
14.69
14.60
10.39
11.39
9.72
9.60
10.16
10.58
10.35
9.87

12.05
14.91
14.94
14.83
10.47
11.56
9.89
9.76
10.19
10.59
10.38
9.86

11.92 502.79
648.00
648.90
635.54
418.55
481.93
397.17
390.52
425.27
430.34
438.01
421.08

499.79
638.23
639.56
631.33
418.32
482.89
392.37
392.50
425.57
437.93
441.07
406.27

514.51
655.30
661.05
652.62
434.30
497.74
398.52
395.52
436.88
447.53
452.30
428.36

515.74
664.99
670.81
659.94
433.46
500.55
390.66
407.97
431.04
437.37
447.38
424.97

512.56

Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

16.31 $15.39 620.15
18.34
694.81

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

37.8
33.2
38.1
39.1
37.7
41.4
36.2
39.1
38.9
38.9
41.9
39.0
39.3

38.1
33.5
38.3
39.6
38.1
41.9
36.3
39.6
39.6
39.4
41.7
38.9
39.0

37.4
33.0
37.0
38.0
37.6
38.6
36.2
38.8
38.5
38.8
41.9
38.3
38.2

37.4
33.1
37.3
38.7
37.9
40.0
36.1
38.6
38.7
38.6
41.3
37.6
38.6

37.9

2.9
1.3
3.0
3.3
2.1
5.1
1.9
3.2
2.9
3.3
4.6
3.1
4.8

3.2
1.4
3.3
3.7
2.4
5.7
2.0
3.7
3.4
3.8
4.4
3.3
4.7

2.5
1.2
2.2
2.3
1.9
2.9
1.7
3.0
2.7
3.0
4.0
2.7
3.6

2.6
1.2
2.4
2.9
2.2
4.0
1.8
3.1
2.8
3.1
4.0
2.6
3.9

42.0
42.8
42.7
43.5
43.6
43.6
40.4
40.0
39.7
43.6
40.4
37.3
42.2
43.7
40.8
44.5
42.4
41.8

41.9
42.5
42.7
43.0
43.6
42.9
40.3
40.2
40.3
43.3
40.8
38.5
41.5
43.3
41.4
43.8
42.5
42.0

42.5
43.1
42.7
43.2
43.8
43.5
42.1
41.8
40.2
42.9
41.3
38.2
42.4
44.4
44.8
44.3
43.1
41.8

42.2
42.8
42.3
43.4
43.7
43.6
40.7
40.2
39.4
42.4
40.6
37.2
41.5
45.1
44.0
45.4
43.3
42.4

42.1

4.0
4.3
4.2
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.8
2.8
3.2
5.4
2.9
2.1
4.0
5.2
5.1
5.2
4.5
3.6

4.0
4.2
4.3
4.7
5.2
4.3
2.9
2.9
3.4
4.9
3.0
2.8
3.7
4.9
4.7
5.0
4.6
3.8

4.3
4.4
4.3
5.1
5.3
4.8
3.7
3.6
2.9
5.3
2.8
1.7
4.0
5.7
6.3
5.5
4.5
3.9

4.3
4.5
4.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
3.3
3.2
2.8
5.3
3.0
1.3
3.9
5.9
5.4
6.1
4.5
3.9

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

45.3
45.2
47.0

44.6
44.3
47.1

44.6
44.9
44.7

44.3
44.1
46.4

44.5

5.9
5.2
9.2

5.7
5.1
8.7

5.4
5.0
7.7

5.7
5.0
8.9

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.1
44.8
39.7

41.3
45.1
40.0

41.6
44.1
40.8

40.8
42.7
42.0

41.0

4.0
6.8
1.2

4.2
7.0
2.6

3.9
5.2
2.0

3.8
4.8
2.6

303,4
306
307

45.4
40.8
40.4

44.5
41.0
40.8

43.0
40.7
41.3

41.7
40.0
40.6

5.2
3.4
3.8

4.7
3.4
4.0

3.9
3.0
3.9

4.0
2.9
3.8

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31

37.3
39.9
37.6
37.7
38.2
36.8
35.4

37.7
41.2
37.3
37.3
37.1
39.8
36.5

38.7
42.6
38.6
38.5
38.1
39.8
35.9

37.8
40.2
37.6
37.5
37.8
39.1
36.9

38.5

1.6
3.2
1.4
.9
2.2
3.3
1.2

2.1
3.8
1.9
1.1
2.8
3.6
1.7

2.1
5.3
1.7
1.3
2.1
3.3
1.7

1.9
4.3
1.5
.9
2.2
3.7
1.8

39.8

39.7

39.6

39.8

39.8

311

314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

46.3

45.1

45.0

44.5

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

36.7
39.1
40.8

36.7
39.3
40.9

34.7
38.7
39.5

36.7
39.0
40.0

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.5
38.5
39.1

38.6
38.6
39.3

38.7
38.7
38.9

38.6
38.6
39.0

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

43.5

40.0

42.0

41.5

See footnotes at end of table.

92




Aug.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2842,3
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

$10.48 $10.54 $10.75 $10.82 $10.87 $396.14
10.44 10.46 10.76 10.82
346.61
10.91 11.13 11.36 11.43
415.67
9.39
367.15
9.64
9.53
9.51
9.01
339.68
9.23
9.12
9.08
9.93 10.10 10.15 10.26
411.10
9.86
356.93
9.95 10.19 10.24
420.33
10.79 10.98 11.06
10.75
401.06
10.31 10.25 10.58 10.64
10.88 10.98 11.12 11.22
423.23
11.09 11.28 11.37
11.04
462.58
8.62
8.43
8.35
325.65
8.68
12.96 13.34 13.41
12.95
508.94

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

$401.57 $402.05 $404.67 $411.97
350.41 355.08 358.14
426.28 420.32 426.34
377.39 361.38 373.07
347.47 341.41 349.82
423.19 391.79 410.40
361.19 368.88 369.66
427.28 426.02 426.92
405.90 407.33 411.77
432.61 431.46 433.09
462.45 472.63 469.58
327.93 332.44 324.11
505.44 509.59 517.63

12.70
13.99
14.07
13.08
13.86
12.46
11.99
11.79
11.04
14.44
10.27
9.29
11.15
15.19
14.89
15.27
12.48
11.54

12.62
13.99
14.06
13.01
13.85
12.30
12.02
11.76
10.90
14.47
10.34
9.07
11.13
15.04
14.68
15.14
12.39
11.54

12.98
14.13
14.21
13.30
14.17
12.61
12.38
12.30
11.18
15.02
10.28
9.34
11.63
15.62
15.61
15.62
12.44
11.90

13.11
14.24
14.27
13.42
14.25
12.83
12.48
12.40
11.31
15.19
10.29
9.45
11.54
15.76
15.58
15.81
12.76
11.98

13.14 533.40

598.77
600.79
568.98
604.30
543.26
484.40
471.60
438.29
629.58
414.91
346.52
470.53
663.80
607.51
679.52
529.15
482.37

528.78
594.58
600.36
559.43
603.86
527.67
484.41
472.75
439.27
626.55
421.87
349.20
461.90
651.23
607.75
663.13
526.58
484.68

551.65
609.00
606.77
574.56
620.65
548.54
521.20
514.14
449.44
644.36
424.56
356.79
493.11
693.53
699.33
691.97
536.16
497.42

553.24
609.47
603.62
562.43
622.73
559.39
507.94
498.48
445.61
644.06
417.77
351.54
478.91
710.78
685.52
717.77
552.51
507.95

553.19

14.84
16.11
11.58

15.23
16.43
12.17

15.31
16.55
12.21

15.18 676.33
732.24
543.32

661.86
713.67
545.42

679.26
737.71
544.00

678.23
729.86
566.54

675.51

9.41

386.63

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
295

14.93
16.20
11.56

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

9.15
14.42
6.33

9.17
14.42
6.37

14.93
6.58

9.45
14.91
6.51

9.43 376.07
646.02
251.30

378.72
650.34
254.80

391.46
658.41
268.46

385.56
636.66
273.42

303,4
306
307

9.35
8.78
8.49

9.26
8.74
8.55

9.52
8.87
8.76

9.57
8.94
8.80

424.49
358.22
343.00

412.07
358.34
348.84

409.36
361.01
361.79

399.07
357.60
357.28

31
311

6.19
8.37
5.89
6.20
5.68
6.24
5.82

6.22
8.35
5.94
6.26
5.69
6.27
5.84

6.59
8.79
6.26
6.70
5.91
6.68
6.00

6.53
8.75
6.22
6.68
5.89
6.60
5.90

6.57 230.89

333.96
221.46
233.74
216.98
229.63
206.03

234.49
344.02
221.56
233.50
211.10
249.55
213.16

255.03
374.45
241.64
257.95
225.17
265.86
215.40

246.83
351.75
233.87
250.50
222.64
258.06
217.71

252.95

12.32

12.35

12.48

12.57

12.52 490.34

490.30

494.21

500.29

498.30

4011

15.04

14.87

15.35

15.35

696.35

670.64

690.75

683.08

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
413

8.55
9.15
11.35

8.62
9.15
11.23

8.83
9.56
11.52

9.08
9.76
11.57

313.79
357.77
463.08

316.35
359.60
459.31

306.40
369.97
455.04

333.24
380.64
462.80

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.90
11.04
8.89

10.93
11.09
8.83

11.29
11.44
9.24

11.33
11.48
9.26

419.65
425.04
347.60

421.90
428.07
347.02

436.92
442.73
359.44

437.34
443.13
361.14

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

15.47

15.42

15.91

15.85

672.95

616.80

668.22

657.78

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

291

314

3143
3144
316

317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

411

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

48
481
483

40.3
42.0
36.1

40.2
41.9
35.5

39.8
41.6
35.1

41.7
42.0
41.3
41.3
42.6

41.4
41.7
40.6
41.4
42.3

41.9
42.2
41.4
42.4
41.8

42.0
42.4
41.3
41.9
42.2

38.3

38.0

38.1

38.3

38.5
37.9
37.3
39.6
36.1
40.0
37.8
38.6
38.8
38.1

38.6
37.6
37.5
39.6
35.0
40.2
38.2
38.9
39.1
38.3

Aug.
1989P

40.2
42.0
35.6

49

Average overtime hours

38.7
37.7
37.3
39.8
35.7
40.1
38.3
39.3
39.1
37.8

491
492
493

495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

38.7
38.4
37.2
39.7
36.3
39.8
38.2
38.9
39.0
38.1

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

37.6
37.0
36.9
36.6
38.4
40.1
38.8
36.5
36.7

37.3
36.9
37.2
36.4
38.0
40.0
38.1
36.5
36.5

37.4
37.2
37.1
36.2
37.8
40.3
38.2
36.4
36.8

37.6
37.2
37.4
36.0
38.3
39.9
38.7
36.6
36.9

30.0

29.8

29.2

29.9

38.1

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

37.3
39.0
33.8

37.0
38.7
33.6

36.9
38.6
33.2

37.1
38.9
33.4

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

28.5
28.1
30.1
31.1

28.3
27.9
29.8
30.5

27.9
27.8
27.6
29.2

28.5
28.4
28.1
30.2

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

31.5
31.6
29.4

31.1
31.2
29.6

30.5
30.7
29.8

31.1
31.3
29.8

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.9
37.3
39.4
35.0

36.6
37.2
38.8
34.6

36.4
37.1
38.7
34.1

36.7
37.2
39.0
34.8

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.8
30.2
26.1
27.8
29.4

27.9
29.5
26.2
27.8
29.6

27.2
29.1
25.0
27.1
29.1

27.9
29.5
25.7
27.9
29.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

33.4
33.9
33.9
32.4

33.2
33.8
33.8
32.0

33.1
33.6
33.9
31.9

33.4
33.8
33.7
32.7

Eating and drinking places4

58

26.8

26.7

25.7

26.6

See footnotes at end of table.

94




29.7

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

June
1988

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

June
1988

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$13.93

$14.09

$14.73

$14.86

$13.51

$13.56

$14.16

$14.20

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

14.38

14.54

15.18

15.31

13.79

13.84

14.62

14.67

= preliminary.

98




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$200.08
178.35
182.39
239.77
348.04
215.68

$198.82
174.78
180.58
243.00
348.53
211.32

$202.12
176.36
182.25
255.30
345.58
219.62

$206.11
182.74
187.70
255.39
350.20
221.13

$6.54
6.22
6.08
7.50
9.10
6.73

$6.76
6.39
6.35
7.76
9.24
6.95

$6.78
6.48
6.32
7.81
9.24
7.02

9.03

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

$6.56
6.28
6.10
7.54
9.04
6.74

9.03

9.48

9.58

$9.50 325.98

322.37

339.38

347.75

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

7.85
7.54

7.84
7.52

8.21
7.80

8.28
7.89

284.96
272.95

278.32
266.96

293.10
278.46

61
612
614

8.24
7.74
7.73

8.27
7.73
7.80

8.61
8.05
8.14

8.72
8.15
8.22

301.58
279.41
283.69

299.37
276.73
281.58

313.40
290.61
295.48

322.64
297.48
302.50

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

10.18
9.66
9.75
10.71

10.23
9.71
9.81
10.77

10.67
9.99
10.25
11.39

10.68
9.95
10.41
11.40

378.70
355.49
372.45
395.20

377.49
354.42
368.86
394.18

396.92
369.63
388.48
421.43

400.50
372.13
393.50
424.08

8.80

8.81

9.26

9.33

9.29 290.40

288.97

302.80

308.82

$340.10

301.39
287.20

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

Aug.
1989P

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.32

6.23

6.58

6.53

203.50

200.61

205.30

210.27

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.36
6.84

6.35
6.79

6.57
6.88

6.62
6.94

218.15
205.20

217.17
203.02

226.67
206.40

227.07
206.12

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

9.10
12.28
6.95
13.15

9.09
12.39
6.90
13.10

9.53
12.79
7.19
13.97

9.69
13.28
7.23
14.21

308.49
456.82
206.42
498.39

308.15
453.47
203.55
495.18

322.11
470.67
214.98
526.67

326.55
495.34
215.45
538.56

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

8.13
8.82

8.19
8.92

8.38
9.25

8.39
9.25

300.00
336.04

301.39
338.96

309.22
355.20

312.95
355.20

76

9.49

9.55

9.86

9.92

365.37

367.68

375.67

377.95

78
781

10.59
14.87

10.86
15.13

11.88
15.70

11.08
15.10

312.41
562.09

314.94
550.73

356.40
590.32

341.26
557.19

79

6.74

6.62

7.25

7.08

204.90

199.26

209.53

216.65

80
801
802
805
806

9.23
8.80
8.90
6.37
10.53

9.25
8.79
8.95
6.39
10.54

9.73
9.23
9.40
6.73
11.07

9.84
9.35
9.44
6.80
11.24

301.82
274.56
251.87
205.11
361.18

299.70
275.13
252.39
201.29
359.41

315.25
289.82
269.78
213.34
376.38

323.74
296.40
269.04
223.04
385.53

81

12.75

12.70

13.39

13.65

446.25

436.88

468.65

483.21

89
891
893

12.60
13.30
11.11

12.57
13.21
11.07

13.10
13.81
11.41

13.42
14.06
11.88

480.06
521.36
409.96

475.15
517.83
399.63

495.18
539.97
414.18

305.64

507.28
549.75
427.68

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

30.5
28.4
29.9
31.8
38.5
32.0

30.4
28.1
29.7
32.4
38.3
31.4

29.9
27.6
28.7
32.9
37.4
31.6

35.7

35.8

36.3

Aug.
1989P

30.4
28.2
29.7
32.7
37.9
31.5

36.1

59
591
594
596
598
599

Average overtime hours

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

36.3
36.2

35.5
35.5

35.7
35.7

36.4
36.4

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
614

36.6
36.1
36.7

36.2
35.8
36.1

36.4
36.1
36.3

37.0
36.5
36.8

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

37.2
36.8
38.2
36.9

36.9
36.5
37.6
36.6

37.2
37.0
37.9
37.0

37.5
37.4
37.8
37.2

33.0

32.8

32.7

33.1

35.8

612

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

32.2

32.2

31.2

32.2

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.3
30.0

34.2
29.9

34.5
30.0

34.3
29.7

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.9
37.2
29.7
37.9

33.9
36.6
29.5
37.8

33.8
36.8
29.9
37.7

33.7
37.3
29.8
37.9

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

36.9
38.1

36.8
38.0

36.9
38.4

37.3
38.4

76

38.5

38.5

38.1

38.1

78
781

29.5
37.8

29.0
36.4

30.0
37.6

30.8
36.9

79

30.4

30.1

28.9

30.6

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
805
806

32.7
31.2
28.3
32.2
34.3

32.4
31.3
28.2
31.5
34.1

32.4
31.4
28.7
31.7
34.0

32.9
31.7
28.5
32.8
34.3

Legal services

81

35.0

34.4

35.0

35.4

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

89
891
893

38.1
39.2
36.9

37.8
39.2
36.1

37.8
39.1
36.3

37.8
39.1
36.0

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services

See footnotes at end of table.

96




32.9

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48
481
483

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1989P

$12.73 $12.91 $13.04 $13.04
13.65
13.71
13.70
13.42
11.41
12.00
12.03
11.35

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$513.02 $518.98 $518.99 $524.21
563.64 571.94 569.92 575.82
409.74 405.06 422.25 427.20

Wholesale trade .

14.16
14.32
13.14
16.77
11.00

14.19
14.42
13.15
16.63
11.02

14.59
14.88
13.43
17.13
11.17

14.84
15.17
13.83
17.37
11.25

590.47
601.44
542.68
692.60
468.60

587.47
601.31
533.89
688.48
466.15

611.32
627.94
556.00
726.31
466.91

623.28
643.21
571.18
727.80
474.75

9.95

49
491
492
493
495

9.91

10.31

10.40 $10.35 381.09

376.58

392.81

398.32

10.65
9.69
9.76
10.08
9.84
10.96
11.03
10.11
11.42
8.40

393.19
353.28
353.03
380.72
351.75
420.29
404.16
369.55
423.54
305.56

389.62
348.30
348.38
382.54
345.12
420.80
399.55
363.61
420.20
304.42

406.84
361.34
365.25
396.79
338.80
440.19
420.96
383.17
441.05
320.19

412.16
365.31
364.05
401.18
351.29
439.50
422.45
397.32
446.52
317.52

362.84
386.28
410.33
345.50
375.94
492.43
373.26
408.80
287.73

358.08
381.55
406.22
340.70
370.12
484.80
366.52
408.44
288.35

372.13
403.25
419.97
356.93
381.78
498.11
377.03
424.42
299.55

377.50
406.97
430.10
357.12
389.89
497.55
382.74
431.51
302.58

188.40

186.55

189.51

194.05

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

10.16
9.20
9.49
9.59
9.69
10.56
10.58
9.50
10.86
8.02

10.12
9.19
9.34
9.66
9.56
10.52
10.57
9.42
10.83
7.99

10.54
9.61
9.74
10.02
9.68
10.95
11.02
9.85
11.28
8.36

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

9.65
10.44
11.12
9.44
9.79
12.28
9.62
11.20
7.84

9.60
10.34
10.92
9.36
9.74
12.12
9.62
11.19
7.90

9.95
10.84
11.32
9.86
10.10
12.36
9.87
11.66
8.14

10.04
10.94
11.50
9.92
10.18
12.47
9.89
11.79
8.20

6.28

6.26

6.49

6.49

Retail trade.

Aug.
1989P

6.49

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ...
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.36
7.69
6.19

7.39
7.74
6.18

7.62
7.99
6.33

7.67
8.03
6.39

274.53
299.91
209.22

273.43
299.54
207.65

281.18
308.41
210.16

53
531
533
539

6.52
6.83
4.92
5.29

6.52
6.83
4.95
5.25

6.70
6.97
5.24
5.56

6.69
6.96
5.22
5.58

185.82
191.92
148.09
164.52

184.52
190.56
147.51
160.13

186.93
193.77
144.62
162.35

190.67
197.66
146.68
168.52

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .

54
541
546

6.91
7.01
5.97

6.91
7.01
5.99

7.07
7.17
6.09

7.05
7.14
6.07

217.67
221.52
175.52

214.90
218.71
177.30

215.64
220 A 2
181.48

219.26
223.48
180.89

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

8.36
10.37
7.01
5.74

8.29
10.22
7.01
5.75

8.55
10.47
7.42
5.95

8.66
10.66
7.59
5.94

308.48
386.80
276.19
200.90

303.41
380.18
271.99
198.95

311.22
388.44
287.15
202.90

317.82
396.55
296.01
206.71

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ,
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.75
6.94
5.39
5.68
5.91

5.70
6.83
5.40
5.53
5.87

5.97
7.44
5.57
5.88
6.07

5.93
7.3;
5.57
5.88
5.97

159.85
209.59
140.68
157.90
173.75

159.03
201.49
141.48
153.73
173.75

162.38
216.50
139.25
159.35
176.64

165.45
215.94
143.15
164.05
178.50

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.90
8.01
7.85
7.7,

7.85
7.99
7.80
7.61

8.19
8.14
8.39
8.2;

8.26
8.20
8.64
8.26

263.86
271.54
266.12
250.13

260.62
270.06
263.64
243.52

271.09
273.50
284.42
262.22

275.88
277.16
291.17
270.10

Eating and drinking places4 ...

58

4.55

4.56

4.73

4.71

121.94

121.75

121.56

192.75

284.56
312.37
213.43

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

$394.34

125.29

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$9.73

$9.67

$9.98

$10.02

$9.97

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.21
8.27
7.76
9.92
11.50
9.77
10.47
9.78
12.55
9.64
7.77

10.16
8.19
7.75
9.84
11.36
9.74
10.45
9.77
12.55
9.61
7.72

10.49
8.47
7.96
10.12
11.60
10.05
10.77
10.00
12.97
9.93
7.99

10.53
8.55
8.00
10.11
11.72
10.07
10.84
10.07
13.00
9.97
8.07

10.49
(2)
()
(2)
(2)
()
()

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

9.05
8.63
15.23
7.00
5.91
11.08
10.10
12.11
14.02
8.72
6.06

8.98
8.52
14.50
7.02
5.94
11.02
10.12
12.04
13.94
8.73
6.05

9.28
8.89
16.00
7.27
6.17
11.26
10.40
12.35
14.36
8.98
6.41

9.34
8.83
16.03
7.29
6.15
11.37
10.45
12.49
14.39
9.03
6.37

$9.27
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
()

Industry

Manufacturing

Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




/2\
/2\

•2\
(2)

/2\

/2\
(2)

(2)

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are
subject to revision.

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
INDUSTRY

July
1989P

Average weekly earnings

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.24
4.80

$9.24
4.78

$9.58
4.75

$9.63
4.76

$9.60

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.72
6.61

12.69
6.56

13.03
6.46

12.97
6.41

$13.11

539.33
280.32

532.98
275.73

555.08
275.34

555.12
274.40

$566.35

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.96
6.74

12.99
6.72

13.24
6.57

13.33
6.59

$13.31

500.26
260.01

501.41
259.39

503.12
249.56

518.54
256.32

$517.76

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.17
5.29

10.13
5.24

10.44
5.18

10.48
5.18

$10.45

413.92
215.14

414.32
214.34

429.08
212.84

424.44
209.81

$426.36

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.32
6.40

12.35
6.39

12.48
6.19

12.57
6.21

$12.52

490.34
254.85

490.30
253.65

494.21
245.14

500.29
247.30

$498.30

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.95
5.17

9.91
5.13

10.31
5.11

10.40
5.14

$10.35

381.09
198.07

376.58
194.82

392.81
194.85

398.32
196.90

$394.34

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

6.28
3.26

6.26
3.24

6.49
3.22

6.49
3.21

$6.49

188.40
97.92

186.55
96.51

189.51
94.00

194.05
95.92

$192.75

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.03
4.69

9.03
4.67

9.48
4.70

9.58
4.74

$9.50

325.98
169.43

322.37
166.77

339.38
168.34

347.75
171.90

$340.10

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.80
4.57

8.81
4.56

9.26
4.59

9.33
4.61

$9.29

290.40
150.94

288.97
149.49

302.80
150.20

308.82
152.65

$305.64

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

100




Aug.
1989P

0

July
1988

Aug.
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Aug.
1989P

$324.32 $323.40 $333.38 $338.01 $336.00
168.57 167.30 165.37 167.08

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1988

1989

Industry
Aug.

Total private

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Julyp

Aug

34.6

34.7

34.8

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.9

34.6

34.6

34.8

34.6

41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.1
39.2
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.9
42.7
43.6
41.5
39.3

41.1
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.1
39.6
42.3
43.9
44.5
42.0
42.7
40.9
43.0
44.1
41.6
39.2

41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.7
39.4
42.5
43.7
44.2
41.9
42.7
41.0
43.1
43.9
41.8
39.1

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.2
40.3
39.5
42.6
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.5
41.0
43.1
44.1
41.6
39.3

41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.3
39.4
42.4
43.5
43.8
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.8
43.7
41.1
39.0

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.3
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.0
41.9
42.5
40.9
42.8
43.6
41.5
39.4

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
39.6
39.7
42.2
43.4
43.8
41.9
42.6
40.9
43.1
43.9
41.5
39.5

41.0
4.0
41.7
4.1
40.0
39.8
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.6
43.1
43.9
41.1
39.5

41.3
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.5
39.9
42.5
43.3
43.5
41.9
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41.5
39.8

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
39.6

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.8
39.4
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.7
41.3
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.5
4.0
39.6
39.3
42.4
43.0
43.2
41.6
42.3
40.7
42.6
42.6
41.3
39.3

40.9
3.8
41.5
4.0
40.1
39.4
42.7
42.5
42.3
41.6
42.1
40.8
42.5
42.7
41.0
39.8

40.1
3.6
40.3

40.2
3.7
40.4
2
()
41.0

40.2
3.6
40.6
2
()
41.0
37.0

40.1
3.6
40.1
2
()
40.9
37.0
43.1
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7

40.2
3.7
40.3
2
()
40.8
37.1
43.2
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7

40.4
3.8
40.7
2
()
41.7
37.6
43.4

37.9
42.6
(2)
41.6

40.2
3.8
41.1
2
()
41.2
37.0
43.1
37.6
42.5
(2)

40.2
3.7
40.8

37.9
42.3
(2)
41.6

40.2
3.7
40.5
2
()
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1
(2)

40.3
3.6
40.7

43.1
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.7

40.0
3.6
40.2
2
()
40.5
36.8
43.2
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.4

40.1
3.8
40.4
2
()
41.1
36.9
43.3

41.6

40.2
3.7
40.3
2
()
41.0
37.1
43.2
38.1
42.3
(2)
41.7

37.5

37.5

37.8

37.3

37.7

38.0

38.6

38.0

39.3

39.4

39.4

39.3

39.4

39.6

39.4

37.9

38.1

38.1

38.0

38.1

38.1

29.0

29.1

29.2

29.0

29.1

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.5

32.7

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

0
41.0

36.9
43.2
38.0
42.2
(2)

36.9
43.2
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6

(2)
41.4

41.5

37.1
43.3
37.8
42.5
(2)
41.5

38.3

37.4

39.4

40.1

38.1

38.1

29.1

28.9

32.7

32.5

(2)
40.9
36.9
43.3
37.8
42.4

41.4

(2)
41.3

37.9

37.7

38.2

39.5

39.4

39.4

39.4

38.3

37.9

38.0

38.1

38.0

28.9

29.1

28.9

28.9

29.2

28.9

32.6

32.8

32.5

32.5

32.8

32.6

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1988

1989

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Julyp

Total private

125.1

125.6

126.3

126.3

126.8

127.4

127.2

127.6

128.7

127.6

128.1

129.2

128.5

Goods-producing

101.5

101.8

102.4

102.8

102.3

103.0

102.9

102.9

103.5

102.4

102.5

103.0

103.2

81.6

81.1

81.2

80.0

80.2

79.9

80.1

81.1

83.4

81.8

81.2

81.0

84.2

137.8

138.1

139.4

141.1

139.4

141.2

140.5

140.3

141.0

138.2

139.3

142.8

143.2

95.5

95.7

96.2

96.5

96.2

96.7

96.7

96.7

97.2

96.4

96.4

96.4

96.4

93.7

94.1
103.7
112.6

94.6

94.9
105.9

94.6

106.3
112.3

95.2
107.0
113.8
91.4
69.1
53.8

93.8
102.7

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

103.6
111.0

68.9
54.1

112.9
91.0
69.0
54.0

91.8

92.5

90.7
100.6

89.6
68.9
54.2
91.5
91.2
100.6

99.9
91.5
113.1
85.4

100.0
92.3
113.7
84.8

100.8
92.7
114.8
84.0

114.8
84.8

98.6
101.7
75.1
80.6
83.8

102.6
76.5
80.5
84.4

98.4
101.5
76.7
79.5
84.2

98.9
101.5
73.4
80.6

101.9

102.1

101.7

137.3
99.0
83.5

138.3
99.9

119.3

137.4
99.4
82.7
118.6

89.8
68.0
54.0
91.1

90.6

91.9
101.0

92.1
101.4
100.8

93.6

98.8




91.0
68.8
53.1
92.1
92.5
100.2
100.3
89.9
114.5
84.7

98.0

98.2

100.5
77.5
80.2
83.8

100.4
74.3
80.6
84.2

102.1

101.7

136.7
98.5
84.1
117.9

137.2
98.7
84.1
117.8

84.1
118.5

54.9

55.4

55.3

54.6

55.2

138.1

138.8

139.6

139.2

113.7

114.1

114.6

122.8

123.8

125.5

101.9
137.3

99.5

93.0
93.0
100.2
101.0
91.8
115.3
85.9

84.9

95.0

94.9

95.2

94.3

94.0

104.5

105.3
114.3

105.9

103.7

114.6

90.5
68.9
53.6
92.5

91.0
68.6
52.4
92.2
93.9
99.7
101.2

112.9
89.3
68.2
52.3
91.7
93.7
98.4
100.5

103.4
112.6

113.7
90.9
68.7
53.4
92.8

93.7
99.9

93.4

101.0
91.1
115.6
86.4

101.5

99.3
102.2
74.1
80.4
85.5
101.9
138.4
100.0
83.3

98.8
91.7

90.2

91.1
116.4
87.1

115.8
86.6

81.0
85.4

100.1
103.8
73.0
82.1
86.8

99.5
103.3
69.6
81.5
85.4

102.3
138.5

102.4
138.2

102.3

100.4
82.2

115.0

86.1
99.5
102.9

69.6

112.3

89.8
68.5
52.6

90.0
68.0

90.8
93.8

90.9
93.8
97.7
99.0
86.2

97.8

99.5
88.1
116.1
86.2

99.9
104.3
69.0

51.8

116.1
87.4

100.2

99.9
105.2
67.6
80.4
85.0

138.3

119.6

101.8
84.3
118.9

101.8
83.2
118.8

137.8
100.5
83.5

93.4
97.6
100.3
89.3

116.6
85.4

106.5
70.3
81.4
85.0
102.4
137.9

81.5
85.2
102.3

94.0
103.7
111.8
91.0
67.1
51.7
90.6

102.9
138.9
101.3

120.0

119.9

100.9
82.9
119.9

56.1

57.0

56.1

56.0

54.7

55.5

54.7

55.4

140.3

140.9

140.6

141.2

142.6

141.5

142.2

143.6

142.5

114.7

115.5

116.4

116.2

116.2

118.6

117.3

117.3

117.5

114.3

124.2

124.2

124.9

125.3

125.9

126.4

127.2

126.1

126.7

127.2

127.1

125.9

126.5

126.0

126.7

127.2

126.7

126.9

127.7

127.2

127.4

128.9

127.8

140.1

140.9

141.6

140.6

141.2

142.1

140.8

141.8

143.8

141.9

142.7

145.0

143.4

162.1

163.2

164.3

164.0

165.8

166.4

166.1

167.3

168.9

167.5

169.0

170.8

170.2

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

102

106.2
112.6

Aug.1

81.2
119.5

84.9
119.2

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1988

1989

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

$9.61

$9.60

June

Julyp

Aug.1

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime3
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

$9.32

$9.37

$9.43

$9.42

$9.45

$9.49

$9.52

$9.54

$9.62

$9.70

$9.69

(2)
O
(2)
(2)
0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
0
$13.03 $13.07 $13.08 $13.10 $13.15 $13.18 $13.22 $13.26 $13.33 $13.32 $13.32 $13.42 $13.35
10.21
10.49
10.45
10.42
10.40
10.40
10.37
10.33
10.31
10.30
10.29
10.25
10.53
9.75
10.01
9.99
9.97
9.92
9.92
9.89
9.87
9.85
9.83
9.80
9.78
10.05
12.60
12.54
12.54
12.52
12.50
12.48
12.45
12.36
12.39
12.41
12.37
12.37
12.53
10.44
10.33
10.28
10.36
10.21
10.18
10.19
10.11
10.06
10.14
10.03
9.95
10.39
6.33
6.54
6.52
6.49
6.51
6.47
6.45
6.44
6.43
6.40
6.38
6.36
6.56
9.09
9.67
9.53
9.45
9.54
9.36
9.35
9.40
9.35
9.26
9.35
9.18
9.57
8.95
9.46
9.34
9.33
9.32
9.24
9.19
9.15
9.10
9.05
9.07
9.00
9.43
4.82

4.83

4.84

4.82

4.82

4.81

4.81

4.80

4.80

4.77

4.77

4.80

f)

Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4 .

322.47 325.14 328.16 326.87 327.92 330.25 329.39 331.04 335.39 332.16 332.85 337.56 335.27
166.82 167.68 168.55 167.28 167.39 167.55 166.44 166.44 167.53 165.01 165.10 167.03
0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.




4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

July
1988

June
1989

41.0
41.0
39.9

41.2
40.9
41.3

40.6
39.7
41.8

$9.01
9.12
10.77

$9.09
9.24
10.72

Alaska

45.8

38.2

46.5

10.37

Arizona

40.9

40.7

40.4

9.96

Arkansas
Favetteville-SDrinadale
Fort Smith
Little Rock North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

40.9
40.7
40.7
41.5
43.4

40.3
41.8
41.1
41.1
43.5

40.7
41.1
40.5
41.8
42.4

California

(1)

(1)

39.7
40.7

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

Average weekly earnings
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

$9.07
9.25
10.91

$369.41
373.92
429.72

$374.51
377.92
442.74

$368.24
367.23
456.04

12.65

11.07

474.95

483.23

514.76

9.97

10.09

407.36

405.78

407.64

8.06
7.07
8.68
8.53
10.28

8.22
7.41
8.83
8.84
10.47

8.31
7.38
8.85
8.90
10.73

329.65
287.75
353.28
354.00
446.15

331.27
309.74
362.91
363.32
455.45

338.22
303.32
358.43
372.02
454.95

(1)

(1)

(1)

O

(1)

O

V)

40.1
40.7

40.3
39.8

10.40
10.95

10.54
10.91

10.66
11.07

412.88
445.67

422.65
444.04

429.60
440.59

41.4
41.2
41.9
41.4
40.5
40.1
40.3

42.1
42.7
42.4
42.1
40.5
42.9
42.9

41.3
41.1
42.0
41.5
40.4
41.7
41.0

10.85
11.17
11.39
11.13
10.38
12.56
9.95

11.21
11.53
11.91
11.46
10.65
12.18
10.15

11.28
11.61
11.91
11.80
10.85
12.22
10.43

449.19
460.20
477.24
460.78
420.39
503.66
400.98

471.94
492.33
504.98
482.47
431.33
522.52
435.44

456.86
477.17
500.22
489.70
438.34
509 57
427.63

Delaware
Wilmington

37.6
39.6

40.9
42.2

40.2
42.0

10.55
13.70

10.95
13.27

10.16
12.80

396.68
542.52

447.86
559.99

408.43
537.60

District of Columbia:
Washinaton MSA

38.7

39.7

39.4

11.27

12.10

12.12

436.15

480.37

477.53

Florida
Fort L auderdale—Hollvwood—PomDano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
TamDa-St Petersbura-Clearwater
\A/pcf Palm Rpach Boca Raton Delrav Bsach

40.1
41.4
40.4
39.1
39.3
41.7
39.8
40.8

40.7
41.5
41.5
39.2
41.3
42.5
40.2
41.1

40.0
40.1
41.2
38.7
41.2
41.5
39.9
41.3

8.43
8.38
9.20
7.26
8.99
10.74
8.18
9.13

8.67
8.62
9.37
7.32
9.68
10.92
8.65
9.37

8.76
8.74
9.41
7.37
9.82
10.74
8.73
9.29

338.04
346.93
371.68
283.87
353.31
447.86
325.56
372.50

352.87
357.73
388.86
286.94
399.78
464.10
347.73
385.11

350.40
350.47
387.69
285.22
404.58
445.71
348.33
383.68

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.5
41.3
48.4

41.0
41.3
47.9

40.9
41.8
48.2

8.71
10.38
11.55

8.72
10.19
11.58

8.78
10.30
11.56

361.47
428.69
559.02

357.52
420.85
554.68

359.10
430.54
557.19

Hawaii
Honolulu

40.6
40.6

39.1
39.4

39.4
39.0

9.92
10.11

10.32
10.54

10.42
10.60

402.75
410.47

403.51
415.28

410 55
413.40

Idaho

39.3

38.5

39.9

9.91

10.23

10.01

389.46

393.86

399.40

Illinois
Aurora Elain
Bloomington Normal
ChamDaion Urbana—Rantoul
ChicaQO
DavenDort—Rock Island—Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake Countv
Peoria
Rockford
Sorinafield

41.6
41.2
38.8
40.0
41.5
38.7
42.1
41.3
43.0
40.5
47.2
42.5
42.5

41.8
41.5
39.0
39.9
41.7
41.2
43.0
43.7
40.3
42.0
44.7
42.1
40.0

40.8
41.8
40.1
38.7
41.2
40.9
42.8
43.5
38.8
39.2
46.5
42.2
40.5

11.04
10.46
11.58
9.25
10.66
12.92
14.31
12.21
10.86
11.52
13.43
10.96
11.88

11.25
10.47
12.21
9.57
10.88
12.71
14.76
12.36
11.15
11.80
14.00
11.81
11.66

11.22
10.58
11.75
9.83
10.96
12.99
14.66
12.61
11.26
11.66
14.08
11.56
11.79

459.26
430.95
449.30
370.00
442.39
500.00
602.45
504.27
466.98
466.56
633.90
465.80
504.90

470.25
434.51
476.19
381.84
453.70
523.65
634.68
540.13
449.35
495.60
625 80
497.20
466.40

457.78
442.24
471.18
380.42
451.55
531.29
627.45
548 54
436.89
457.07
654 72
487 83
477.50

41.4

41.2

40.4

11.36

11.58

11.71

470.30

477.10

473.08

Alabama
Mobile

.

Colorado
Denver

.

•

.

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
N e w Britain
New Haven Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.

104




. . . .

.
.

•

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.3
39.9
41.0
40.9
33.7

41.1
39.0
41.0
41.8
37.7

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

40.0
43.3
40.3

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989^

39.7
39.2
39.9
40.6
36.5

$10.64
12.21
11.90
11.84
8.44

$10.95
12.66
11.98
11.98
8.42

40.2
42.3
40.9

39.9
43.2
41.0

10.12
11.14
10.71

40.1
38.4
41.7

40.6
39.8
41.1

39.4
39.2
39.8

Louisiana
Baton Rouoe
New Orleans
ShreveDort

42.3
43.3
41.6
41.1

42.1
43.0
40.7
42.5

Maine

40.3
35.0
40.5

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

Average weekly earnings
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

$11.00
12.81
11.85
12.28
8.65

$439.43
487.18
487.90
484.26
284.43

$450.05
493.74
491.18
500.76
317.43

$436.70
502.15
472.82
498.57
315.73

10.29
11.46
11.31

10.49
11.53
11.34

404.80
482.36
431.61

413.66
484.76
462.58

418.55
498.10
464.94

10.17
10.29
11.84

10.31
10.77
11.82

10.33
10.68
11.95

407.82
395.14
493.73

418.59
428.65
485.80

407.00
418.66
475.61

41.5
44.0
40.3
41.4

11.04
13.28
10.67
11.53

10.92
12.93
10.70
11.22

11.09
13.08
10.72
11.19

466.99
575.02
443.87
473.88

459.73
555.99
435.49
476.85

460.24
575.52
432.02
463.27

41.0
42.5
40.3

39.8
38.5
37.2

9.63
8.34
9.59

9.90
8.86
10.25

10.03
8.54
10.45

388.09
291.90
388.40

405.90
376.55
413.08

399.19
328.79
388.74

41.7
41.0

41.1
41.5

41.4
41.3

10.48
11.17

10.84
11.45

10.89
11.54

437.02
457.97

445.52
475.18

450.85
476.60

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.4
41.8
43.0
40.6

41.1
40.8
42.4
41.7

40.9
40.6
40.8
41.5

10.32
11.05
9.79
10.51

10.75
11.44
9.89
10.99

10.86
11.52
9.98
11.09

427.25
461.89
420.97
426.71

441.83
466.75
419.34
458.28

444.17
467.71
407.18
460.24

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand RaDids

41.5
43.4
42.2
42.1
41.8
40.3
41.4
41.5
37.7
40.8
42.5

42.9
44.0
41.4
43.5
45.5
41.4
40.7
42.0
40.4
40.8
43.9

41.4
42.6
41.8
41.3
43.4
40.3
40.3
41.7
39.4
40.3
42.3

13.29
14.35
14.63
14.28
16.65
11.28
9.70
12.68
15.02
11.88
15.10

13.63
13.96
14.77
14.62
17.35
11.64
10.83
13.01
14.77
12.33
15.30

13.46
13.40
14.69
14.39
17.45
11.66
11.39
12.95
14.67
12.34
15.11

551.53
622.79
617.39
601.19.
695.97
454.58
401.58
526.22
566.25
484.70
641.75

584.73
614.24
611.48
635.97
789.42
481.90
440.78
546.42
596.71
503.06
671.67

557.24
570.84
614.04
594 31
757 33
469.90
459.02
540.01
578.00
497.30
639.15

Minnesota
Duluth
MinneaDolis-St Paul
St Cloud

40.9
37.0
41.4
39.6

40.2
40.2
40.6
39.1

40.3
35.5
40.0
38.8

10.50
11.07
11.19
9.97

10.85
11.12
11.56
10.12

10.86
11.15
11.67
10.03

429.45
409.59
463.27
394.81

436.17
447.02
469.34
395.69

437.66
395.83
466.80
389 16

Mississippi
Jackson

40.0
39.6

40.2
40.0

39.1
39.2

7.75
8.68

8.00
9.06

7.97
9.03

310.00
343.73

321.60
362.40

311.63
353.98

Missouri
Kansas City
St Louis
Snrinafield

40.2
40.1
40.3
40.8

41.3
40.2
41.8
40.7

A0J2.

40.2
40.1
40.8

10.08
11.12
11.80
8.54

10.41
11.27
12.19
8.71

10.34
11.15
12.08
8.74

405.22
445.91
475.54
348.43

429.93
453.05
509.54
354.50

415.67
448.23
484.41
356.59

Montana

38.9

39.7

39.7

10.64

10.76

11.09

413.90

427.17

440.27

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

40.2
39.8
41.7

41.2
39.6
42.1

40.7
39.2
41.3

9.51
10.06
10.32

9.65
10.03
10.38

9.56
10.00
10.29

382.30
400.39
430.34

397.58
397.19
437.00

389 09
392.00
424 98

Nevada
Las Vegas

39.8
40.0

41.4
42.6

40.1
41.3

10.06
12.59

10.32
12.93

10.26
13.29

400.39
503.60

427.25
550.82

411 43
548.88

New HamDshire
Manchester
NdShllct
Portsmouth Dover Rochester

39.7
38.7
39.3
40.0

40.8
41.3
41.5
42.3

40.3
38.6
40.0
41.4

9.83
10.23
11.82
9.49

10.10
10.18
11.74
9.74

10.24
10.31
12.07
9.78

390.25
395.90
464.53
379.60

412.08
420.43
487.21
412.00

412.67
397.97
482.80
404.89

Portland

Kalamazoo
Lansino—East Lansino
Muskeoon
Saoinaw—Bav Citv—Midland

""

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

July
1988

June
1989

New Jersey

40.3

41.1

New Mexico
Albuquerque

40.4
40.4

New York
Albany-Schenectady Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau—Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niaoara Falls
Orange County
PouahkeeDsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
.
Westchester County

July
1989p

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

40.5

$10.88

$11.31

39.8
40.4

39.0
39.8

8.85
9.39

39.6
40.8
39.8
43.1
39.6
38.8
37.1
36.8
40.8
39.7
41.6
43.2
35.3
41.1
40.9
40.5

40.1
40.4
39.8
42.5
41.9
40.1
37.7
37.3
42.0
37.6
40.4
42.9
40.4
41.0
40.9
40.3

39.7
38.7
40.6
42.0
39.3
39.9
37.5
37.0
41.3
37.4
40.1
43.0
41.4
40.5
40.1
40.0

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro Winston—Salem—Hioh Point
Raleiah—Durham

40.0
41.1
40.0
39.8
41.5

40.7
41.9
40.9
39.5
40.9

North Dakota
Faroo—Moorhead

39.3
39.3

Ohio

Average weekly earnings
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

$11.37

$438.46

$464.84

$460.49

8.66
9.37

8.95
9.57

357.54
379.36

344.67
378.55

349.05
380.89

10.43
11.06
9.70
12.38
9.60
11.09
9.73
9.44
13.36
8.14
10.00
12.11
11.05
12.13
9.83
11.58

10.68
10.94
9.97
12.60
9.69
11.75
9.89
9.80
13.88
8.79
10.72
12.59
9.13
12.44
9.74
11.02

10.71
11.03
10.24
12.67
9.71
11.80
9.95
9.83
14.08
8.76
10.70
12.61
9.21
12.39
9.80
11.26

413.03
451.25
386.06
533.58
380.16
430.29
360.98
347.39
545.09
323.16
416.00
523.15
390.07
498.54
402.05
468.99

428.27
441.98
396.81
535.50
406.01
471.18
372.85
365.54
582.96
330.50
433.09
540.11
368.85
510.04
398.37
444.11

425.19
426.86
415.74
532.14
381.60
470.82
373.13
363.71
581.50
327.62
429.07
542.23
381.29
501.80
392.98
450.40

40.2
41.7
40.2
38.5
41.2

8.13
8.12
8.43
9.09
9.28

8.41
8.38
8.79
9.26
9.40

8.42
8.40
8.82
9.28
9.43

325.20
333.73
337.20
361.78
385.12

342.29
351.12
359.51
365.77
384.46

338.48
350.28
354.56
357.28
388.52

40.0
39.1

40.1
39.9

8.42
8.40

8.90
8.79

8.93
8.93

330.91
330.12

356.00
343.69

358.09
356.31

42.3
43.1
42.3
41.6
42.7
41.2
42.4
42.1
42.3

42.9
42.3
42.2
43.1
43.3
41.1
43.1
43.2
42.3

42.1
42.1
41.8
42.4
42.2
41.2
42.4
43.1
42.0

11.88
11.46
11.25
11.10
11.69
11.54
12.39
12.92
13.43

12.29
11.28
11.86
11.51
11.95
11.96
12.87
13.26
13.91

12.22
11.33
11.87
11.40
11.90
12.04
12.79
13.27
13.67

502.52
493.93
475.88
461.76
499.16
475.45
525.34
543.93
568.09

527.24
477.14
500.49
496.08
517.44
491.56
554.70
572.83
588.39

514.46
476.99
496.17
483.36
502.18
496.05
542.30
571.94
574.14

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.1
39.8
40.9

41.8
42.4
41.4

41.2
42.9
40.1

10.17
11.18
10.73

10.56
11.55
10.77

10.59
11.38
10.85

407.82
444.96
438.86

441.41
489.72
445.88

436.31
488.20
435.09

Oregon
Euaene—Sorinofield
Portland
Salem

39.0
39.2
39.3
37.4

39.7
39.6
39.7
39.3

38.7
37.4
39.5
38.2

10.69
10.83
10.73
8.96

10.81
10.82
10.93
9.45

10.98
10.87
11.17
8.95

416.91
424.54
421.69
335.10

429.16
428.47
433.92
371.39

424.93
406.54
441.22
341.89

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver Countv
Erie
Harrisbura-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburah

40.7
40.3
40.9
41.2
42.6
39.6
38.8
39.5
39.9
41.7

40.8
39.4
40.6
43.8
42.7
40.0
39.1
40.4
40.7
41.9

40.5
39.8
40.7
44.7
43.1
39.2
38.8
40.1
40.5
41.5

10.27
10.59
8.82
10.71
10.51
9.49
8.52
10.08
11.31
11.33

10.57
10.59
9.50
10.82
10.75
9.85
8.30
10.59
11.72
11.33

10.57
10.68
9.41
10.74
10.78
9.86
8.33
10.56
11.76
11.24

417.99
426.78
360.74
441.25
447.73
375.80
330.58
398.16
451.27
472.46

431.26
417.25
385.70
473.92
459.03
394.00
324.53
427.84
477.00
474.73

428.09
425.06
382.99
480.08
464.62
386.51
323.20
423.46
476.28
466.46

Canton
Cincinnati
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

See footnotes at end of table.

106




.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wiikes-Barre
Williamspoii
York
-

39.9
39.1
41.7
42.0

40.8
38.9
39.7
41.3

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

39.0
39.8
38.9

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

Average hourly earnings
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

40.5
39.0
39.8
41.6

$10.76
9.02
9.00
9.79

$11.02

$11.05

9.24
9.36

39.4
40.2
38.8

38.9
39.6
38.3

41.1
41.1
41.4
41.3

41.2
40.9
41.7
41.2

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

40.8
43.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Texas

Average weekly earnings
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

10.21

9.33
9.54
10.19

$429.32
352.68
375.30
411.18

$449.62
359.44
371.59
421.67

$447.53
363.87
379.69
423.90

8.56
8.17
8.60

9.05
8.70
8.70

9.11
8.71
8.74

333.84
325.17
334.54

356.57
349.74
337.56

354.38
344.92
334.74

40.9
40.6
41.3
41.0

8.31
9.22
8.43
8.26

8.61
9.37
8.81
8.61

8.67
9.41
8.83
8.66

341.54
378.94
349.00
341.14

354.73
383.23
367.38
354.73

354.60
382.05
364.68
355.06

41.8
42.7

40.2
44.2

7.91
8.12

8.03
8.46

8.17
8.56

322.73
356.47

335.65
361.24

328.43
378.35

41.0
42.8
44.1
41.4
41.6
40.5

41.4
41.3
42.4
39.4
42.9
42.2

40.9
41.4
43.7
38.3
43.1
41.3

8.96
8.21
9.55
9.04
9.05
10.45

9.19
8.29
9.64
8.98
9.40
10.71

9.18
8.46
9.93
8.98
9.70
10.09

367.36
351.39
421.16
374.26
376.48
423.23

380.47
342.38
408.74
353.81
403.26
451.96

375.46
350.24
433.94
343.93
418.07
416.72

Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
,
San Antonio

41.7
41.5
41.8
43.5
39.8

41.7
41.9
41.3
44.0
40.7

41.2
41.1
40.7
44.0
39.7

10.00
9.83
10.65
11.51
7.44

10.21
10.18
11.00
11.80
7.52

10.28
10.27
11.02
11.85
7.51

417.00
407.95
445.17
500.69
296.11

425.76
426.54
454.30
519.20
306.06

423.54
422.10
448.51
521.40
298.15

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.5
41.4

39.6
41.0

39.7
40.7

9.85
9.88

10.04
10.07

10.11
10.13

398.93
409.03

397.58
412.87

401.37
412.29

Vermont
Burlington

40.3
41.1

41.3
40.2

40.3
40.1

9.32
9.44

9.92
10.47

10.04
10.30

375.60
387.98

409.70
420.89

404.61
413.03

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40.7
45.1
41.4
42.2
41.3
39.4
40.2
40.6

41.1
42.1
41.9
40.6
41.4
40.4
42.3
41.3

40.5
43.0
42.1
40.2
41.2
40.2
41.1
41.0

9.30
7.83
7.65
8.62
8.79
10.41
11.91
9.38

9.56
7.83
8.09
8.55
9.19
11.07
12.54
9.62

9.59
7.79
8.14
8.58
9.10
11.13
12.50
9.88

378.51
353.13
316.71
363.76
363.03
410.15
478.78
380.83

392.92
329.64
338.97
347.13
380.47
447.23
530.44
397.31

388.40
334.97
342.69
344.92
374.92
447.43
513.75
405.08

Washington

39.4

40.8

40.2

11.99

12.16

12.46

472.41

496.13

500.89

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.3
42.0
40.5
42.1
40.3

41.5
44.3
41.3
44.4
41.0

40.5
43.2
38.8
42.6
40.0

10.90
13.73
12.31
12.38
11.83

11.22
14.40
12.65
13.28
12.44

11.25
14.61
12.57
13.42
12.71

439.27
576.66
498.56
521.20
476.75

465.63
637.92
522.45
589.63
510.04

455.63
631.15
487.72
571.69
508.40

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine

41.2
44.2
42.9
39.8
39.8
42.1
40.0
40.1
41.1
39.8
41.8

41.3
43.9
44.2
42.0
38.8
42.2
40.0
39.7
40.6
38.5
42.4

10.56
11.14
10.70
11.37
12.55
12.38
9.11
9.99
11.62
11.11
9.99

10.68
11.69
10.58
11.56
12.72
12.04
9.71
10.11
11.42
11.22
10.31

10.62
11.63
10.48
11.27
12.94
11.39
9.80
10.42
11.44
10.71
10.55

438.24
476.79
440.84
477.54
^07.02
477.87
358.93
418.58
482.23
458.84
422.58

440.02
516.70
453.88
460.09
506.26
506.88
388.40
405.41
469.36
446.56
430.96

438.61
510.56
463.22
473.34
502.07
480.66
392.00
413.67
464.46
412.34
447.32

10.13

10.58

390.78

399.12

410.50

Wausau

41.5
42.8
41.2
42.0
40.4
38.6
39.4
41.9
41.5
41.3
42.3

Wyoming

38.5

39.4

38.8

10.15

Puerto Rico

39.3

39.5

39.1

5.55

5.67

5.72

218.11

223.97

223.65

Virgin Islands

40.5

42.2

41.7

9.69

10.55

10.79

392.44

445.21

449.94

1

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p




publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988
benchmarks.

107

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Aug. 1988
to
Aug. 1989P

June 1989
to
July 1989r

July 1989
to
Aug. 1989P

201,987

2.7

0.6

-0.3

167,273

166,582

2.9

.8

-.4

1,567
10,318
41,910
24,926
16,985
11,767
12,305
29,348
12,707
46,041

1,561
10,539
41,880
24,856
17,024
11,824
12,391
29,728
12,903
46,448

1,629
10,545
41,888
24,899
16,989
11,529
12,337
29,462
12,754
46,437

3.4
4.2
1.1
.6
1.8
1.0
3.5
1.8
2.6
5.4

-.4
2.1
-.1
-.3
.2
.5
.7
1.3
1.5
.9

4.4
.1
.0
.2
-.2
-2.5
-.4
-.9
-1.2
.0

35,407

35,381

35,405

1.5

-.1

.1

June
1989r

July
1989r

Aug.
1989P

201,370

202,654

165,963

' Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
=revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

108




Percent change

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Quarterly index

Annual average

1986

Item

1987

1988

1987

1989

1988
IV

IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

111.1
133.4
120.1
191.0
101.9
171.9
166.3
170.0

113.1
140.0
123.8
200.4
102.7
177.2
170.8
174.9

109.8
128.9
117.4
187.4
102.8
170.6
160.7
167.1

109.9
130.4
118.6
188.2
101.9
171.2
162.6
168.2

110.7
132.2
119.5
189.5
101.4
171.3
166.5
169.6

111.7
134.4
120.3
191.8
101.7
171.6
168.9
170.7

112.5
136.7
121.5
195.2
102.6
173.5
167.2
171.3

113.3
138.2
122.0
196.5
102.3
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.7
139.3
123.6
199.3
102.7
176.9
168.8
174.1

113.6
140.7
123.9
202.2
102.9
178.1
171.7
175.8

113.6
141.9
124.9
204.8
103.1
180.2
173.6
177.9

113.9
143.6
126.0
207.2
103.0
181.9
174.7
179.4

114.3
144.2
126.2
210.6
103.1
184.3
175.9
181.4

108.9
133.1
122.2
189.8
101.2
174.2
167.7
172.0

111.2
140.3
126.2
198.9
101.9
178.8
172.2
176.5

107.6
128.4
119.3
186.4
102.2
173.2
161.6
169.2

107.7
130.0
120.7
187.0
101.3
173.6
164.1
170.3

108.6
132.0
121.6
188.3
100.7
173.4
167.6
171.4

109.5
134.1
122.4
190.5
101.0
173.9
170.3
172.6

110.3
136.4
123.7
193.9
101.9
175.8
168.7
173.4

111.1
138.0
124.3
195.1
101.6
175.7
170.2
173.8

110.7
139.5
126.1
197.8
101.9
178.7
169.8
175.6

111.6
141.1
126.4
200.5
102.1
179.6
172.0
177.0

112.1
142.8
127.3
203.3
102.4
181.3
176.2
179.6

111.8
143.6
128.5
205.7
102.3
184.1
174.6
180.8

112.0
144.5
129.0
208.6
102.1
186.3
176.2
182.8

132.9
130.1
97.9
189.2
100.9
142.3

137.7
138.1
100.3
197.8
101.3
143.6

130.1
125.9
96.8
187.8
103.0
144.3

131.3
127.2
96.8
188.5
102.0
143.5

133.1
128.7
96.7
188.7
101.0
141.8

134.3
131.1
97.6
190.4
100.9
141.8

135.1
133.5
98.9
192.2
101.0
142.3

136.3
135.0
99.1
195.5
101.8
143.5

137.5
136.9
99.6
197.1
101.5
143.3

139.2
139.3
100.0
199.5
101.5
143.2

140.0
141.1
100.7
202.3
101.9
144.5

140.7
142.2
101.0
203.9
101.3
144.8

141.7
143.2
101.0
205.1
100.4
144.7

139.5
136.0
97.5
187.4
100.0
134.3

144.8
145.0
100.2
195.3
100.1
134.9

136.6
131.8
96.5
186.9
102.5
136.8

138.4
133.3
96.4
187.9
101.7
135.8

140.0
134.2
95.9
187.4
100.3
133.9

141.2
136.5
96.7
189.0
100.2
133.9

142.4
139.9
98.2
190.6
100.1
133.9

143.8
141.3
98.3
194.5
101.3
135.2

145.2
144.0
99.2
195.0
100.4
134.3

146.7
146.4
99.8
197.0
100.3
134.4

147.2
148.3
100.7
200.2
100.8
135.9

147.8
149.1
100.9
201.8
100.3
136.6

149.5
150.0
100.4
202.4
99.0
135.4

123.2
121.4
98.6
192.5
102.7
156.2

127.3
127.8
100.4
202.2
103.6
158.9

120.5
117.0
97.1
189.4
103.9
157.1

121.0
118.0
97.6
189.8
102.8
156.9

123.1
120.5
97.9
191.5
102.4
155.6

124.3
123.1
99.0
193.3
102.5
155.5

124.4
124.0
99.7
195.3
102.6
157.0

125.3
125.6
100.2
197.8
103.0
157.8

126.1
126.4
100.2
200.9
103.5
159.3

128.3
128.8
100.4
203.8
103.8
158.9

129.3
130.3
100.8
206.1
103.8
159.4

130.3
131.8
101.1
207.6
103.2
159.3

130.4
133.0
102.0
210.1
102.8
161.1

112.1
135.3
120.8
186.1
99.3
171.2
166.1
186.4
123.0
165.4

114.9
143.5
124.8
194.5
99.7
174.6
169.3
190.3
128.8
169.1

110.6
130.3
117.8
183.0
100.4
170.1
165.4
183.7
120.4
164.1

110.4
131.5
119.2
183.6
99.4
171.0
166.3
185.0
118.1
164.7

111.6
133.9
120.0
184.7
98.8
170.8
165.5
186.3
122.5
165.0

113.0
136.9
121.1
186.9
99.1
170.8
165.3
186.9
129.3
165.8

113.6
138.9
122.3
189.7
99.6
172.1
167.0
187.2
122.0
166.1

114.8
141.2
123.0
191.2
99.6
171.9
166.6
187.8
127.0
166.5

115.0
142.8
124.2
193.6
99.7
173.6
168.4
188.9
129.1
168.2

115.4
144.3
125.1
196.0
99.8
175.2
169.9
191.0
127.5
169.5

115.3
145.4
126.2
198.3
99.9
177.5
172.1
193.3
131.6
172.0

114.7
145.8
127.1
200.7
99.7
180.4
174.9
196.9
119.6
173.1

114.7
146.4
127.7
203.3
99.5
183.5
177.3
202.1
112.0
175.0

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
=revised.




SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

109

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

1988

1988

1988

IV
1988

1989

1989r

1988

1988

1988

IV
1988

I
1989

1989r

2.7
4.4
1.7
2.8
-.8
.1
4.2
1.5

-2.0
3.3
5.4
5.9
1.3
8.1
-.3
5.1

3.1
4.0
.9
5.8
1.0
2.6
7.1
4.1

0.2
3.4
3.2
5.2
.7
5.0
4.6
4.8

1.0
4.8
3.8
4.8
-.6
3.7
2.4
3.3

1.3
1.9
.6
6.8
.4
5.5
2.8
4.6

3.0
5.9
2.8
4.4
.4
1.3
3.9
2.2

1.8
5.4
3.5
5.2
1.3
3.3
1.4
2.6

1.6
4.7
3.0
5.4
1.2
3.7
1.7
3.0

1.0
3.8
2.8
4.9
.5
3.9
3.9
3.9

0.6
3.9
3.3
5.4
.6
4.8
3.4
4.3

1.4
3.5
2.1
5.7
.4
4.2
4.2
4.2

3.0
4.8
1.8
2.7
-.9
-.3
3.6
1.0

-1.5
4.4
5.9
5.5
.9
7.1
-1.0
4.3

3.4
4.6
1.2
5.5
.8
2.0
5.4
3.2

1.9
4.8
2.8
5.9
1.4
3.9
10.1
5.9

-1.3
2.4
3.8
4.8
-.6
6.2
-3.7
2.8

.7
2.4
1.7
5.6
-.7
4.9
3.7
4.5

3.1
6.1
2.9
4.3
.4
1.2
3.7
2.0

1.9
5.7
3.7
5.1
1.1
3.1
1.3
2.5

1.9
5.2
3.3
5.2
1.0
3.3
1.0
2.5

1.7
4.7
2.9
4.9
.5
3.1
4.4
3.6

.6
4.1
3.4
5.4
.6
4.8
2.6
4.0

1.2
3.6
2.4
5.5
.2
4.2
3.8
4.1

3.7
4.6
.9
7.1
3.4
3.3

3.6
5.8
2.2
3.2
-1.3
-.3

5.2
7.1
1.8
4.9
.2
-.3

2.3
5.1
2.8
5.9
1.4
3.5

2.1
3.1
1.1
3.1
-2.2
1.0

2.9
2.9
.0
2.4
-3.7
-.4

3.8
6.2
2.3
3.7
-.2
-.1

3.3
6.4
3.0
4.4
.5
1.1

3.7
6.2
2.5
4.8
.6
1.0

3.7
5.6
1.9
5.3
.9
1.5

3.3
5.3
2.0
4.3
-.5
1.0

3.1
4.6
1.4
4.1
-1.1
.9

4.1
4.3
.1
8.4
4.6
4.1

3.8
7.7
3.7
1.1
-3.3
-2.6

4.1
6.8
2.6
4.2
-.5
.1

1.6
5.3
3.6
6.5
1.9
4.8

1.4
2.2
.8
3.3
-2.1
1.8

4.8
2.5
-2.2
1.3
-4.8
-3.4

4.0
6.0
2.0
3.5
-.4
-.4

3.7
7.3
3.4
4.0
.2
.3

3.9
7.2
3.2
4.3
.1
.4

3.4
6.0
2.5
5.0
.7
1.6

2.7
5.5
2.7
3.8
-1.0
1.0

3.0
4.2
1.2
3.8
-1.4
.8

3.0
5.1
2.0
5.2
1.5
2.1

2.7
2.7
.0
6.4
1.8
3.7

7.0
7.7
.7
6.0
1.2
-1.0

3.2
4.8
1.5
4.6
.2
1.4

3.2
4.7
1.4
2.9
-2.4
-.4

.2
3.6
3.3
4.9
-1.4
4.7

3.6
6.4
2.7
4.2
.2
.6

2.5
4.9
2.4
4.9
1.0
2.4

3.2
4.6
1.4
5.4
1.2
2.2

4.0
5.0
1.0
5.5
1.2
1.5

4.0
5.0
.9
5.0
.2
.9

3.4
5.2
1.7
4.6
-.6
1.2

4.3
6.8
2.3
3.3
-.3
-.4
-1.0
1.1
17.6
1.1

.6
4.6
4.0
5.2
.6
3.9
4.5
2.5
6.8
4.2

1.4
4.3
2.8
5.1
.3
3.9
3.6
4.6
-4.7
3.1

-.4
3.2
3.6
4.8
.4
5.2
5.3
4.9
13.3
5.9

-1.8
1.0
2.8
4.8
-.6
6.9
6.6
7.5
-31.7
2.8

-.2
1.7
1.9
5.3
-1.0
7.1
5.6
11.1
-23.1
4.3

4.0
7.4
3.2
4.1
.2
.5
.1
1.5
7.5
1.1

3.0
6.6
3.5
4.8
.9
1.6
1.7
1.4
5.4
2.0

2.1
5.4
3.3
4.9
.7
2.6
2.8
2.2
-1.3
2.2

1.5
4.7
3.2
4.6
.2
3.1
3.1
3.3
7.9
3.5

.0
3.2
3.3
5.0
.2
5.0
5.0
4.9
-5.8
4.0

-.3
2.5
2.8
5.0
-.2
5.7
5.3
7.0
-13.2
4.0

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
=revised.

110




SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

July
1988

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
June
1989

1,902.1
441.0
134.2
211.8
138.5
69.0

1,931.7
449.9
139.2
212.1
138.4
71.2

July
1989P

1,951.6
452.6
139.0
214.5
140.7
71.9

July
1988

142.5
27.1
7.5
18.6
8.9
3.9

June
1989

144.3
26.8
7.6
19.0
9.6
4.1

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

151.4
27.7
7.5
19.1
10.1
4.1

7.5
6.1
5.6
8.8
6.4
5.7

7.5
5.9
5.4
8.9
7.0
5.7

7.8
6.1
5.4
8.9
7.1
5.8

246.9

246.4

250.7

18.9

17.3

15.3

7.6

7.0

6.1

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,657.1
1,037.7
307.9

1,729.9
1,076.5
326.8

1,722.1
1,074.4
322.5

117.7
55.4
17.0

98.4
48.5
15.6

104.8
51.3
15.7

7.1
5.3
5.5

5.7
4.5
4.8

6.1
4.8
4.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,128.7
60.9
94.9
265.6
37.6

1,195.9
64.1
96.0
282.7
40.3

1,184.0
64.2
95.9
279.4
39.5

83.1
2.6
5.8
16.8
3.2

100.3
2.9
7.7
21.8
3.8

89.0
2.6
7.1
19.6
3.3

7.4
4.3
6.1
6.3
8.5

8.4
4.5
8.0
7.7
9.6

7.5
4.1
7.4
7.0
8.2

14,191.5
1,367.0
230.2
312.8
4,147.9
163.2
1,081.8
363.8
952.2
711.8
1,133.3
893.9
853.9
180.0
194.1
198.0
197.3

14,355.9
1,383.4
238.7
316.1
4,152.3
167.0
1,105.8
366.3
975.7
732.2
1,168.6
891.5
842.9
181.5
196.5
202.1
200.6

14,602.7
1,404.0
235.4
319.2
4,230.9
173.7
1,127.9
378.2
983.5
746.1
1,191.3
912.0
862.3
183.4
199.2
199.4
207.4

832.1
47.3
22.8
32.5
233.1
20.2
56.8
23.8
67.1
40.7
55.3
37.2
37.2
8.2
10.0
19.9
12.0

785.9
46.3
26.4
29.5
209.6
21.2
53.2
18.9
64.6
38.7
50.6
33.0
36.5
7.3
9.4
20.7
11.6

851.2
50.5
23.9
30.6
233.7
18.9
56.8
25.4
73.8
40.4
56.6
36.4
38.1
8.2
10.0
19.1
12.7

5.9
3.5
9.9
10.4
5.6
12.4
5.2
6.5
7.0
5.7
4.9
4.2
4.4
4.5
5.1
10.1
6.1

5.5
3.3
11.1
9.3
5.0
12.7
4.8
5.2
6.6
5.3
4.3
3.7
4.3
4.0
4.8
10.2
5.8

5.8
3.6
10.1
9.6
5.5
10.9
5.0
6.7
7.5
5.4
4.8
4.0
4.4
4.5
5.0
9.6
6.1

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,707.0
131.8
883.5

1,651.5
126.3
851.1

1,687.7
129.3
866.2

89.9
5.4
44.8

110.6
6.8
54.1

81.6
5.0
40.3

5.3
4.1
5.1

6.7
5.4
6.4

4.8
3.9
4.7

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,797.7
236.9
436.4
73.9
284.3
120.0
102.0

1,819.3
239.0
439.6
74.8
289.4
119.0
104.6

1,842.0
241.6
447.0
75.2
295.3
122.2
102.6

58.5
10.5
12.2
2.9
9.1
2.5
4.7

61.1
9.7
13.4
2.7
9.4
2.8
4.4

63.4
11.4
13.2
2.9
9.8
2.8
5.2

3.3
4.4
2.8
3.9
3.2
2.1
4.6

3.4
4.1
3.0
3.6
3.2
2.3
4.2

3.4
4.7
2.9
3.8
3.3
2.3
5.1

354.6
304.2

363.1
307.1

362.9
303.0

9.0
10.9

13.9
13.1

14.9
16.2

2.5
3.6

3.8
4.3

4.1
5.4

District of Columbia
Washington

350.7
2,263.2

333.3
2,297.9

330.6
2,331.7

14.8
65.4

17.6
68.9

16.1
60.6

4.2
2.9

5.3
3.0

4.9
2.6

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

6,209.8
156.1
646.0
142.2
470.7
191.1
961.0
597.4
152.5
124.5
131.8
1,012.3
407.3

6,380.5
158.5
654.2
149.3
474.5
193.3
979.8
607.1
151.2
126.8
136.1
1,030.3
437.7

6,382.6
160.0
652.5
149.6
477.7
195.7
976.5
617.0
151.2
127.3
135.0
1,035.0
432.9

313.7
6.2
25.7
5.1
24.4
8.6
50.7
27.2
8.5
4.0
5.0
44.8
24.4

386.7
8.9
35.8
6.0
28.8
10.7
67.4
31.7
10.3
4.9
6.6
53.3
31.3

385.9
9.5
33.6
6.3
28.6
10.3
63.6
35.2
9.4
4.9
6.7
54.6
29.9

5.1
4.0
4.0
3.6
5.2
4.5
5.3
4.6
5.6
3.2
3.8
4.4
6.0

6.1
5.6
5.5
4.0
6.1
5.6
6.9
5.2
6.8
3.8
4.9
5.2
7.2

6.0
5.9
5.1
4.2
6.0
5.2
6.5
5.7
6.2
3.9
4.9
5.3
6.9

Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.




Ill

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

June
1989

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

3,213.5
74.8
1,518.5
184.4
103.1
132.4
115.8

3,254.5
76.2
1,536.6
184.4
103.0
134.3
114.4

3,282.3
78.1
1,543.3
184.4
103.6
135.7
115.0

185.9
3.5
73.5
10.6
6.6
6.5
7.1

195.6
3.5
87.8
10.8
6.0
6.8
6.8

177.7
3.3
72.0
9.3
5.5
6.2
5.7

5.8
4.7
4.8
5.8
6.4
4.9
6.1

6.0
4.6
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.0
5.9

5.4
4.2
4.7
5.0
5.3
4.6
4.9

Hawaii
Honolulu

519.2
384.9

528.3
389.3

532.2
391.8

19.0
12.3

15.8
10.4

12.9
8.3

3.7
3.2

3.0
2.7

2.4
2.1

Idaho
Boise City

487.9
104.8

494.5
110.2

489.3
108.9

24.4
3.7

24.1
3.7

22.3
3.2

5.0
3.5

4.9
3.4

4.6
2.9

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,827.1
180.3
67.3
86.5
3,221.1
183.8
58.9
193.9
44.5
281.8
157.7
149.8
110.1

6,004.0
192.1
73.4
91.5
3,303.7
182.6
60.3
199.1
46.5
294.9
163.2
152.1
112.9

5,964.0
189.7
71.6
89.6
3,296.1
182.0
59.3
195.7
44.8
293.2
161.0
149.9
111.9

359.0
8.7
2.9
3.3
181.6
13.7
5.0
13.4
3.7
10.9
10.2
13.1
4.9

346.0
9.5
3.1
3.5
178.2
11.6
4.4
12.8
3.6
11.5
9.2
8.8
5.1

314.5
8.5
3.2
3.1
162.8
10.7
3.9
11.6
3.1
9.4
8.5
10.8
4.4

6.2
4.8
4.3
3.8
5.6
7.5
8.5
6.9
8.4
3.9
6.5
8.8
4.5

5.8
4.9
4.2
3.8
5.4
6.3
7.2
6.4
7.8
3.9
5.7
5.8
4.5

5.3
4.5
4.4
3.4
4.9
5.9
6.6
5.9
7.0
3.2
5.3
7.2
3.9

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,844.5
60.4
60.2
99.1
145.7
200.7
260.2
686.2
66.4
59.2
129.1
58.1

2,992.0
62.9
65.8
105.4
151.7
212.0
275.1
721.0
68.7
61.5
138.9
61.9

2,962.0
61.9
64.4
101.2
151.6
207.9
273.3
714.1
68.4
61.0
138.9
60.2

130.3
4.3
1.8
3.6
7.4
8.4
12.9
27.1
1.6
2.9
6.3
3.0

99.3
2.5
1.4
4.4
5.5
6.3
9.9
19.9
1.7
2.1
4.6
2.0

115.3
3.8
1.4
4.1
5.6
6.8
10.3
23.3
1.5
2.4
6.9
2.2

4.6
7.2
3.0
3.6
5.1
4.2
4.9
3.9
2.5
4.9
4.9
5.2

3.3
4.0
2.1
4.1
3.6
3.0
3.6
2.8
2.4
3.4
3.3
3.3

3.9
6.1
2.1
4.0
3.7
3.3
3.8
3.3
2.3
3.9
4.9
3.6

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,537.0
96.9
235.1
43.9
62.0
69.9

1,528.9
96.5
237.0
43.6
60.8
70.2

1,532.0
95.9
238.5
43.5
61.0
70.3

59.8
3.2
7.6
2.0
2.8
3.6

66.9
3.7
9.8
2.5
2.8
3.7

58.2
3.0
7.9
2.1
2.4
3.2

3.9
3.3
3.2
4.6
4.6
5.2

4.4
3.8
4.1
5.8
4.5
5.3

3.8
3.1
3.3
4.7
3.9
4.5

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,285.3
92.6
256.6

1,316.7
94.6
265.0

1,303.6
94.1
265.7

57.4
3.9
12.0

64.4
4.7
12.8

50.9
4.0
11.0

4.5
4.2
4.7

4.9
5.0
4.8

3.9
4.3
4.2

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,764.5
198.9
516.9
44.2

1,763.1
203.4
534.2
44.5

1,774.2
208.3
529.2
45.3

142.4
9.9
31.1
3.8

128.9
9.0
38.5
3.2

108.4
7.7
23.9
3.0

8.1
5.0
6.0
8.6

7.3
4.4
7.2
7.2

6.1
3.7
4.5
6.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,975.0
61.9
276.1
71.5
103.3
70.9
615.5
167.1

1,940.3
61.4
270.2
71.5
100.4
69.3
607.0
160.0

1,964.8
62.2
274.9
72.3
102.5
70.0
615.5
160.4

206.1
6.2
25.7
7.3
9.2
7.3
56.4
16.8

185.2
5.7
23.0
5.9
8.0
6.2
52.0
15.5

191.1
6.6
24.1
6.1
8.5
6.4
53.8
15.9

10.4
10.0
9.3
10.1
8.9
10.3
9.2
10.1

9.5
9.2
8.5
8.3
8.0
8.9
8.6
9.7

9.7
10.7
8.8
8.4
8.3
9.2
8.7
9.9

620.8
41.6
131.9

619.9
41.3
133.4

630.9
42.3
135.6

18.1
2.2
1.7

23.5
2.0
3.1

21.5
2.5
2.2

2.9
5.3
1.3

3.8
4.8
2.3

3.4
5.9
1.6

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Aubum
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

112




July
1988

July
1989P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

Maryland
Baltimore

2,528.3
1,211.3

2,566.8
1,223.0

2,614.1
1,246.6

117.0
59.7

111.1
58.2

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,195.5
1,570.9
100.1
76.2
46.8
190.3
152.7
86.6
41.7
253.8
223.4

3,223.1
1,572.8
102.3
77.8
48.7
193.5
157.6
89.4
41.6
255.5
233.2

3,245.0
1,582.7
102.9
78.3
48.4
192.1
158.1
90.2
42.4
256.5
233.0

115.4
48.8
4.4
4.6
2.5
8.4
5.9
4.7
2.0
9.3
7.7

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,677.9
163.4
65.8
81.1
2,246.2
196.4
365.7
65.8
118.9
243.0
69.8
186.9

4,678.4
162.2
66.1
80.9
2,247.6
189.0
368.7
67.1
119.6
249.6
69.0
186.4

4,728.0
163.2
66.0
81.3
2,260.1
195.9
373.4
66.9
120.2
245.0
69.4
189.3

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,345.1
106.7
1,401.9
61.7
94.3

2,368.3
108.7
1,409.8
62.0
95.3

Mississippi
Jackson

1,164.2
201.9

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

102.5
53.6

4.6
4.9

4.3
4.8

3.9
4.3

126.5
53.8
4.9
4.3
2.7
10.3
7.1
4.8
1.8
10.4
9.2

148.4
62.6
5.7
6.6
3.1
11.1
8.3
6.5
1.9
12.5
9.9

3.6
3.1
4.4
6.1
5.3
4.4
3.8
5.5
4.8
3.7
3.4

3.9
3.4
4.8
5.5
5.6
5.3
4.5
5.3
4.4
4.1
4.0

4.6
4.0
5.6
8.4
6.3
5.8
5.2
7.2
4.5
4.9
4.3

363.7
6.4
4.5
5.4
191.0
30.0
20.1
4.8
6.2
14.4
5.8
13.6

351.0
8.1
5.5
6.3
171.4
18.9
21.0
5.0
6.8
15.4
6.7
14.2

345.2
7.1
4.9
5.7
170.3
24.6
21.0
4.3
6.2
14.5
5.7
13.7

7.8
3.9
6.9
6.6
8.5
15.3
5.5
7.4
5.2
5.9
8.3
7.3

7.5
5.0
8.3
7.8
7.6
10.0
5.7
7.4
5.7
6.2
9.7
7.6

7.3
4.4
7.5
7.0
7.5
12.6
5.6
6.4
5.2
5.9
8.3
7.2

2,362.9
107.6
1,419.0
62.7
95.7

86.5
5.8
45.6
1.6
3.8

115.1
6.7
62.1
2.3
4.9

94.8
5.5
51.7
1.8
4.0

3.7
5.4
3.3
2.6
4.0

4.9
6.2
4.4
3.7
5.1

4.0
5.1
3.6
2.9
4.1

1,203.4
208.9

1,196.9
208.5

104.9
12.9

118.3
13.9

99.5
11.9

9.0
6.4

9.8
6.6

8.3
5.7

2,627.9
865.1
1,277.2
124.0

2,649.4
864.7
1,276.0
124.4

2,673.1
866.1
1,293.2
127.4

147.3
49.2
72.9
4.7

140.6
47.5
70.1
5.4

137.8
38.0
66.4
5.4

5.6
5.7
5.7
3.8

5.3
5.5
5.5
4.4

5.2
4.4
5.1
4.2

Montana

409.8

409.5

410.4

26.8

24.5

21.4

6.5

6.0

5.2

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

830.9
126.9
332.1

820.3
125.1
326.8

824.0
126.4
327.2

28.5
3.4
13.0

29.4
3.8
13.7

27.7
4.1
12.3

3.4
2.7
3.9

3.6
3.1
4.2

3.4
3.2
3.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

593.0
343.6
142.3

605.5
355.2
141.8

607.5
356.3
141.6

28.6
18.5
5.7

31.9
19.7
6.6

32.0
19.8
6.6

4.8
5.4
4.0

5.3
5.5
4.7

5.3
5.6
4.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

616.4
84.6
99.5
136.4

634.5
87.9
102.8
138.4

638.9
86.2
98.8
137.4

16.7
2.1
2.9
3.1

21.3
2.9
3.7
3.5

20.5
2.7
3.1
3.7

2.7
2.5
2.9
2.3

3.4
3.3
3.6
2.5

3.2
3.1
3.1
2.7

4,050.8
194.3
724.7
273.3
570.5
500.6
963.5
173.9
59.3

4,037.7
191.4
727.0
271.0
573.4
498.3
957.7
172.6
58.7

4,045.4
199.6
723.9
271.2
576.2
504.1
957.7
171.1
59.3

168.3
8.4
27.5
19.6
17.7
17.6
42.0
5.5
4.4

166.2
9.4
27.1
17.7
16.7
17.9
42.5
5.4
3.9

181.6
9.3
30.4
19.3
19.2
20.1
46.1
6.5
4.4

4.2
4.3
3.8
7.2
3.1
3.5
4.4
3.1
7.4

4.1
4.9
3.7
6.5
2.9
3.6
4.4
3.1
6.6

4.5
4.6
4.2
7.1
3.3
4.0
4.8
3.8
7.4

696.5
266.0
55.2
69.5

698.7
267.5
56.7
68.4

694.0
265.9
55.3
69.3

56.1
17.0
4.3
3.5

51.6
16.0
4.4
2.9

44.9
13.5
3.9
2.8

8.1
6.4
7.8
5.0

7.4
6.0
7.8
4.2

6.5
5.1
7.1
4.1

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.




113

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

July
1988

June
1989

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989p

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,727.9
431.1
129.1
457.9
43.1
1,465.4
4,014.9
3,306.9
136.5
132.5
512.1
321.2
138.9

8,771.5
440.5
129.9
464.4
45.1
1,473.9
3,988.6
3,292.7
140.8
132.9
519.5
323.2
140.6

8,863.9
445.9
129.3
470.5
45.3
1,488.3
4,035.0
3,327.5
141.0
134.1
522.1
324.4
141.8

365.1
14.7
4.3
22.1
1.7
49.2
183.5
162.9
4.8
2.9
19.3
13.1
6.0

411.1
17.2
5.6
25.3
1.9
58.7
199.1
174.0
6.7
4.2
20.3
14.5
6.3

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,430.2
92.3
649.9
533.6
410.5

3,489.2
93.7
666.4
538.5
416.4

3,527.7
93.7
676.5
540.8
425.5

109.3
2.2
18.7
13.8
9.3

342.2
47.1
85.1
35.5

340.7
47.7
86.5
35.3

341.4
47.7
86.9
35.4

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,365.9
324.5
191.9
772.5
945.7
713.7
467.4
310.3
221.7

5,536.9
335.7
198.4
803.5
964.9
745.7
489.0
323.3
230.2

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,551.5
29.2
50.3
509.5
351.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

114




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

July
1989p

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

410.4
16.4
5.6
27.0
1.7
61.8
200.2
175.4
6.4
4.0
19.4
12.8
5.9

4.2
3.4
3.3
4.8
4.0
3.4
4.6
4.9
3.5
2.2
3.8
4.1
4.3

4.7
3.9
4.3
5.4
4.2
4.0
5.0
5.3
4.8
3.2
3.9
4.5
4.5

4.6
3.7
4.3
5.7
3.7
4.1
5.0
5.3
4.6
3.0
3.7
4.0
4.2

130.8
2.8
24.3
19.2
11.8

118.9
2.2
20.9
18.2
11.2

3.2
2.4
2.9
2.6
2.3

3.7
2.9
3.6
3.6
2.8

3.4
2.3
3.1
3.4
2.6

15.0
2.1
2.4
1.5

15.5
2.3
2.4
1.5

13.0
1.7
2.2
1.5

4.4
4.5
2.9
4.2

4.6
4.8
2.8
4.3

3.8
3.6
2.5
4.3

5,525.6
335.5
199.5
806.9
968.6
742.4
485.1
322.2
224.7

273.5
15.5
10.2
36.8
44.6
30.5
20.8
15.8
14.3

321.0
18.7
12.4
39.8
48.6
37.6
26.5
19.9
15.3

277.1
15.3
11.7
34.2
41.3
32.0
22.6
17.4
13.6

5.1
4.8
5.3
4.8
4.7
4.3
4.5
5.1
6.5

5.8
5.6
6.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.4
6.2
6.7

5.0
4.6
5.8
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.7
5.4
6.1

1,546.6
28.6
50.0
497.4
348.2

1,568.3
29.2
51.4
508.0
358.3

106.9
1.6
3.1
29.0
25.9

87.4
1.4
2.3
23.2
20.5

86.9
1.2
2.4
23.1
19.8

6.9
5.5
6.1
5.7
7.4

5.6
4.7
4.6
4.7
5.9

5.5
4.2
4.6
4.5
5.5

1,437.0
140.3
651.0
137.5

1,475.4
147.9
669.3
140.6

1,480.9
145.6
671.6
138.2

84.9
7.9
33.2
8.0

77.8
7.8
29.3
7.0

77.3
7.8
29.1
6.2

5.9
5.6
5.1
5.8

5.3
5.3
4.4
5.0

5.2
5.3
4.3
4.5

5,912.3
332.4
61.6
61.7
133.9
329.6
97.3
225.2
2,457.2
991.6
175.2
368.9
60.3
220.4

5,981.0
339.5
61.7
60.9
134.8
333.9
99.0
229.7
2,477.0
997.5
181.5
370.7
62.3
225.6

5,960.5
336.7
61.7
60.2
135.5
336.1
99.8
228.6
2,458.7
993.0
181.1
371.9
61.8
224.9

316.2
16.3
4.4
5.8
8.3
13.9
7.2
8.9
109.6
57.9
7.9
25.3
3.1
9.6

272.2
14.6
3.5
4.4
6.9
11.6
6.9
7.6
99.1
46.9
7.0
20.5
3.5
9.2

276.8
15.6
3.6
4.6
6.5
13.0
8.0
7.8
99.7
45.4
6.9
22.2
3.4
9.2

5.3
4.9
7.1
9.4
6.2
4.2
7.4
4.0
4.5
5.8
4.5
6.9
5.2
4.4

4.6
4.3
5.6
7.2
5.1
3.5
7.0
3.3
4.0
4.7
3.9
5.5
5.6
4.1

4.6
4.6
5.9
7.6
4.8
3.9
8.0
3.4
4.1
4.6
3.8
6.0
5.6
4.1

532.7
168.4
345.5

532.2
168.3
346.1

537.7
169.3
349.7

16.2
6.9
10.2

20.1
8.0
12.8

21.1
8.0
13.3

3.0
4.1
3.0

3.8
4.7
3.7

3.9
4.7
3.8

1,690.6
232.4
237.5
334.6

1,759.4
244.5
247.2
355.5

1,736.2
239.8
243.2
347.0

74.6
9.0
7.5
11.6

87.7
11.0
9.3
13.6

78.4
9.2
7.9
13.1

4.4
3.9
3.2
3.5

5.0
4.5
3.8
3.8

4.5
3.8
3.3
3.8

366.8
40.8
74.2

373.8
40.9
74.4

371.5
41.3
73.9

13.0
1.4
2.2

15.8
1.6
2.5

14.9
1.5
2.7

3.5
3.5
3.0

4.2
3.8
3.4

4.0
3.6
3.7

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
July
1988

June
1989

July
1989P

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville

2,416.5
215.3
220.7
294.1
454.4
537.5

2,364.7
215.8
215.9
285.8
449.7
516.7

2,385.5
216.2
219.0
287.3
453.5
518.3

152.6
12.0
13.9
15.2
23.6
26.1

130.9
12.3
10.7
16.4
24.1
21.8

113.5
9.7
9.9

Texas1
Abilene
Amahllo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission .
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,448.3
53.5
102.0
426.8

8,332.9
53.2

8,427.7
53.4
99.4
421.7

559.3
3.0
5.5
24.3
15.4
6.2

587.7
3.7
5.5
25.0
15.9
6.5

614.5
3.8
5.8
26.3

12.0
2.5
14.2

13.1
3.0

92.7
57.5

2.9
4.4
5.2
2.3
6.1
3.1

12.8
2.8
14.5
83.6
26.8
40.9
8.3
104.7
7.6
5.8
7.2
6.4
23.1
3.2
4.7
2.7
48.5
3.0
4.7
5.4
2.3
5.7
3.5

165.1

83.9
99.8
57.9
160.7
1,493.7
242.5
702.4
112.8
1,656.6
97.5
47.5

81.6
116.2
147.0
50.4
54.4
45.8

98.8
421.1
162.7
84.9
100.4
58.5

159.1
1,447.8
244.0
691.7
107.7
1,648.9

97.4
48.6
79.9
113.3

164.8

84.9
102.1

59.3
160.7

1,472.4
245.7
702.5
110.1

1,672.1
98.0
49.5
81.2
116.6

July
1988

79.3
23.4
40.1
9.0
104.0
6.8
5.3
6.3
5.8
21.5
2.7
3.7
2.6
46.1

June
1989

July
1989?

13.6

18.3
17.5

July
1988

June
1989

July
1989?

6.3
5.6
6.3
5.2
5.2
4.9

5.5
5.7
5.0
5.7
5.4
4.2

4.8
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.0
3.4

7.1
7.0
5.6
5.9
9.8
7.6

27.1
42.4
8.8
108.9
7.6
5.9
7.5
7.2
25.2
3.4
4.9
2.7
49.6
3.0
4.4
5.8
2.4
5.8
3.7

5.7
5.4
5.7
9.3
7.4
12.0
4.3
8.8
5.3
9.7
5.7
8.0
6.3
7.0

12.7
4.8
9.1
5.8
11.0
5.9
7.7
6.4
7.8

7.3
7.1
5.8
6.2
9.8
7.7
12.9
5.0
8.9
6.2
11.0
6.0
8.0
6.5
7.8

11.2
7.8
5.0
14.6
5.3
6.8
5.6
7.3
5.7
7.6
6.9
6.2
6.5
5.3

11.9
9.1
5.6
14.7
6.5
9.1
6.0
7.9
6.2
8.0
7.2
6.3
6.2
6.2

11.9
9.2
6.2
16.2
7.0
9.3
6.0
8.0
6.2
7.5
7.7
6.6
6.3
6.5

16.2
6.5
14.2
91.6

58.8

157.2
49.1
52.0
45.0
611.8
47.5
58.9
75.1
36.7
92.1
56.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

761.0
103.5
498.3

779.9
107 6
510.7

788.6
109.0
516.0

37.6
4.3
23.5

31.3
3.9
19.8

31.0
4.2
19.0

4.9
4.1
4.7

4.0
3.6
3.9

3.9
3.8
3.7

Vermont
Burlington .

298.8
76.1

312.6
77.4

311.9
77.8

6.2
1.2

11.9
2.3

11.6
2.3

2.1
1.6

3.8
3.0

3.7
2.9

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,152.5
66.9
52.6
71.0
628.9
451.6
124.0

3,176.4
67.1

3,215.9
67.2

53.8
71.8
625.4
458.6

110.2
1.9
3.0
3.1

115.0
1.5
3.2
2.8

101.5
1.4
2.9
2.6

25.1

26.8

22.8

123.3

54.1
72.3
631.5
465.8
125.4

13.9
4.3

16.3
4.4

14.0
4.1

3.5
2.8
5.8
4.3
4.0
3.1
3.5

3.6
2.2
6.0
3.9
4.3
3.6
3.6

3.2
2.0
5.4
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.3

Washington .
Seattle

2,341.9
1,036.0

2,441.3
1,089.5

2,431.4
1,092.4

145.1
52.4

136.5
49.1

138.8
49.3

6.2
5.1

5.6
4.5

5.7
4.5

752.2
115.5
126.7
71.3
72.1

775.5
122.0
129.6
74.1
73.9

776.5
120.8
129.6
73.2
74.0

75.9
9.5
10.3
4.6
4.8

62.6
8.0
8.9
4.9
4.9

56.4
6.0
7.9
3.8
3.9

10.1
8.3
8.1
6.5
6.7

8.1
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.6

7.3
5.0
6.1
5.1
5.3

2,632.0
174.8
73.7
108.3

2,683.7
178.9
75.4

2,665.2
177.2
74.2

112.0
76.0
54.1
61.3

94.9
5.2
2.4
3.4
3.2
3.9
2.1
4.7
27.0
4.2
2.1

121.2
7.8
3.0
4.5
5.2
4.8
2.7
6.0
35.2
5.1
2.8

107.5
6.7
2.7
4.2
4.2
4.8
2.2
5.6
28.9
4.7
2.5

3.6
3.0
3.2
3.2
4.2
6.7
3.7
2.1
3.5
4.6
3.4

4.5
4.4
4.0
4.0
6.9
8.8
4.3
2.6
4.4
5.3
4.4

4.0
3.8
3.6
3.8
5.6
8.8
3.6
2.4
3.7
5.0
3.9

13.0

12.7

14.0

5.4

5.5

6.1

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming ....

617.1
50.3
58.2
76.0
36.9

93.7

44.9
616.6
48.0
58.5
75.8
36.7

75.1
58.2
57.7
224.2
776.5
92.1
63.3

229.9
95.0
65.1

111.7
74.8
54.4
60.8
228.8
783.2
94.6
65.3

240.1

230.4

228.4

796.6

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1988 have been




154.9
49.3
52.4

benchmarked to 1988 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1989 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.

115

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
117

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than

118




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and businessy Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the emthey were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
ployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
States are also included in the employed total.
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Cur- worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
rent Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign counThese monthly surveys of the population are conducted
tries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are inonly activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
terviewed to obtain information about the employment starepairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
tus of each member of the household 16 years of age and
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calenUnemployed persons are all civilians who had no employdar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
ment during the survey week, were available for work, exof the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
cept for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be clasare excluded from the population and labor force statistics
sified as unemployed.
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
(through the current survey week) during which persons clasforce," and "total employment." are obtained from the
sified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
Department of Defense.
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
more during which a person was employed or ceased lookinterviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
ing for work is considered to break the continuity of the
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reapresent period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
sons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
weeks of unemployment.
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be comgroups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment endmon with the same month a year earlier.
ed involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are perThe concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
sons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
as follows:
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the suras an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
vey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemown business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
ployment rate for all civilian workers.
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
119




specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
120




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

121

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD'S) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
122




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
123

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (SOC).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (Sic), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo124




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Number of sample
areas

Households eligible
Interviewed

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ..
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977.
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.

68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
1

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200

Households visited but
not eligible

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
' 'Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to




125

and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Dp*a on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
126




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
' T h e Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
127

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present . . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.

128




.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair .
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction . . .
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 ..
100 .
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
_

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
-

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104\
109
108
74

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error




Total or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
19 years
19 years

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
_

12
16
32
35
-

Tntfll nr
1 UlCll \J\
Black men
white men
only, or
only, or
women only
women only
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

129

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white

1

14
20
45
63
89
124
150
-

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184

50..
100.
500 . . .
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .

Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
-

Black, 16 to
19 years

Total or white

Black

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
_

14
20
38
41

Total or white, Black, 16 to
16 to 19 years
19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
-

14
19
37
39
-

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.

2

Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =
^ /I

am

|

| aru

|
•2(P)

Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

130




+

or about 259,000.

(221,000)2

-2(.30) (216,000)

(221,000),

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment irates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14
-

9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
_

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
_

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
_

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
_

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

30 or 70 35 or 65
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.




131

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men o n l y . . .
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Month-tomonth change
%

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

0.80
.80
.80

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

.88
.88
.88

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years) .
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.

132




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women

Men

Total
Estimated quarterly level

Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 ..
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 . .
1,000 .
1,500 .
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000
100,000




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

rart-time
workers
Total

Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
-

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
_

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64
_

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
-

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
_

133

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid,vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
134




Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span. The
overall indexes are calculated from 349 seasonally adjusted
employment series (three-digit industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. The
manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 141 three-digit
industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent, the
value which indicates that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above
50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and

values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment.
The margin between the percent that increased and the percent
that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and
its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an
index of 65 percent means that 30 percent more industries had
increasing employment than had decreasing employment
(65-(100-65)=30). However, for dispersion analysis, the
distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference
point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the time
span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of
the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless




earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
135

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a ''gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
136




group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establish-

ment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with

benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All employees.

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

137

Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been ajusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as " sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclu-

sion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1988

Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricutural employment benchmarks
and estimates for March 1988
(In thousands)
Industry

Total .
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government

138




Percent
difference

Benchmark

Estimate

103,835

104,161

-0.3

711
4,686
19,171

723
4,787
19,302

-1.7
-2.2
-.7

5,437
5,926
18,551

5,473
6,016
18,612

-.7
-1.5
-.3

6,594
25,103
17,656

6,599
24,978
17,671

-.1
.5
-.1

Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal.
State .
Local

Sample coverage1

Benchmarks
(thousands)

iNumuGr OT

103,835

262,856

38,922

37

711
4,686
19,171

3,361
24,924
49,889

276
917
9,483

39
20
49

14,091
22',810
49,015

2

2 482
1,062
3,704

46
18
20

5,437
5,926
18,551

establishments

2

Employees
Number Percent of
(thou- benchmarks
sands)

6,594
25,103

19,711
58,713

2,126
5,795

32
23

2,964
4,151
10,541

(3)
4,883
15,459

2,964
3,406
6,707

100
82
64

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count of
employment for Class I railroads.
3
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment,
are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Average
Relative
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
hours
ment1

Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3
1

error2
Average
hourly
earnings

0.2

. .

.3
2.2
1.8
.7
.7
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.3

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

The average percent revision in employment for the 1984-88 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
3
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2




relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

\ / (standard deviation)2

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000.
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000 .
2,000,000
1
2

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

139

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of-

Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Monthly
level

Industry

Month-to-month
change

Total .

88,900

89,500

Total private .

61,300

58,900

Goods-producing industries.

21,200

19,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

4,400
3,800

4,200
3,300

Construction
General building contractors.

14,400
4,900

15,100
5,100

Manufacturing.

18,200

12,300
2,000
1,600
1,500
4,300

3,300
2,400
5,700
4,900
7,700
6,500
2,100
1,800

3,100
2,200
6,800
4,900
7,000
6,600
2,200
1,800

8,500
5,600
1,500
1,800

8,400
5,600
1,400
1,700

4,500
1,600
2,100

4,000
1,400
2,000

Month-to-month
change

18,300

13,700
2,200
1,700
1,600
4,300

Monthly
level

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products . . . .
Machinery, except electrical . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products .
Petroleum and coal products .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products .

2,600
1,200

2,800
1,200

1,600
1,700

1,600
1,600

85,400

85,700

14,600
16,600

13,000
16,000

6,500

6,100

8,700
5,800
5,000

7,700
5,300
4,400

Retail trade
General merchandise stores . . .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places .

38,600
22,800
6,800

34,400
20,400
6,000

4,200
10,100

5,100
9,500

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance
Real estate .

8,700
4,100
3,700
5,000

7,600
3,900
3,100
4,000

Services
Business services.
Health services.

36,600
11,700
10,200

34,900
10,700
10,000

Government.
Federal.
State
Local .

59,700
15,900
22,000
34,600

53,500
11,300
20,000
34,500

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.

Wholesale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1983 through December 1988.

140




Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-

puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table
D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected




demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of
Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties and cities and other
small areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report
"Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published
monthly through GPO and is available in microfiche form
only, on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The
141

estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics."
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for ui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the UI claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
142




the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS tprthe
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Sub-State monthly labor force and unemployment estimates
in over 2,600 labor market areas (LMA's) are prepared in
several stages.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State ui laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA's
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical
relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment,
nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)
are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures.The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonally),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the




total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning in
June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to paralled that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are now calculated only for the first 6 months after
benchmarking. A second set of projected seasonal adjustment
factors, for use during the subsequent period, will be
computed based upon data through September and introduced
with the publication of data for October. Revisions of
historical data for the most recent 5 years will continue to
be made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions,
and published in a Supplement to Employment and Earnings.
The BLS is also working on an extension to X-ll ARIMA
to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the
presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey
reference period (as well as for the occasional effects of
Labor Day in the September survey reference period). If this
research proves successful, this extension will be introduced
for the computation of the seasonal adjustment factors to be
published in November 1989.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban

143

Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For
total private, total goods-producing, total private serviceproducing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by
summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the
1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These

144




failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census takers for the 1980
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
Revised seasonally adjusted establishment-based series
based on the experience through March 1989, new seasonal
adjustment factors for April-September, and a description
of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the
June 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

REGION I-BOSTON
Suite 1603
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617) 565-2327
REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212)337-2400
REGION III—PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215) 596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone: (404) 347-4416
REGION V-CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312) 353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and VIMKANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816)426-2481
REGIONS IX and X SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O..Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415)995-5605




BLS
Region

IV

ALABAMA

VIII MONTANA

X

ALASKA

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
IX ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
VI ARKANSAS
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, Capitol Mall, Little Rock 72203-2981
IX CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
VII COLORADO
Division of Labor and Employment, 3rd Fl.,
1330 Fox St., Denver 80204
I
CONNECTICUT
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd.
Wethersfield 06109
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
III DIST. OF COL.
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
IV GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
X IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
V ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
V INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indiarfapolis 46204
VII IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
VII KANSAS
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
VI LOUISIANA
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
I
MAINE
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
Department of Employment and Training,
III MARYLAND
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
V MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
V MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
II
NEW JERSEY
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
II
NEW YORK
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
V OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts., Harrisburg 17121
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
RHODE ISLAND
I
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
VIII UTAH
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
Jl VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprmdsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
X WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
III WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
V WISCONSIN
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
VIII WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O. Box 2760,
Casper 82602
VII NEBRASKA