Full text of Employment and Earnings : September 1988
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
September 1988
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ann McLaughlin. Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
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in most of the issues as shown below
Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)
Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.
Jan.
Industry detail (final)
Mar.
Women employees (final)
Mar.
National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors
Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
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Jan., Feb.
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin.
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.
Communications on material in this publication should
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ISSN 0013-6840
Jan.
Jan.
June
Revised historical national data
Supplement 1
State and area annual averages
May
Area definitions
May
State and area labor force data
Annual averages
1
The latest supplement was published in August 1988.
May
Employment and Earnings
Vol. 35 No. 9 September 1988
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein
Contents
Page
List of statistical tables .
Employment and unemployment developments, August 1988 . .
2
4
..
Statistical tables:
HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Not seasonally adjusted—
Household data
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data
. .
.
...
...
...
6
.
43
79
..
.
...
...
9
44
60
...
.
82
104
112
Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes
.,. .
.
36
....
...
56
101
109
117
MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status
AAAAAAA-
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date .
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race .
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin .
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full-and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship .
6
7
8
9
12
13
14
16
17
\%
Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-l5.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.
Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex .
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment.
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .
^
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26
..
...
Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
....
.
Employed civilians by industry and occupation
...
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status.
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status .
...
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time
status.........
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status . . .
27
28
29
30
31
31
32
.
....
32
33
34
35
Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed
in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,
and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally a d j u s t e d . . . .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
.
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . .
....
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
...
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally a d j u s t e d . .
....
36
. .
37
.
38
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Employment—National
BBBB-
1.
2.
3.
4.
B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.
Employees on nonagrieultural payrolls by major industry. 1936 to date .
Employees on nonagrieultural payrolls by detailed industry ..
Women employees on nonagrieultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagrieultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagrieultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
...
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagrieultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted .
43
44
55
^
5-7
5g
59
Employment—States and Areas
B- 8.
Employees on nonagrieultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
59
Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1.
C- 2.
C- 2a.
C- 3.
C- 4.
C- 5.
C- 6.
C- 7.
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagrieultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date .
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagrieultural
payrolls by detailed industry
Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. o\' production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagrieultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .
79
82
98
99
100
101
102
103
Hours and Earnings—States and Areas
C- 8.
Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas .
104
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates .
109
HO
Ill
MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.
Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .
112
Employment and Unemployment
Developments, August 1988
The number of nonfarm payroll jobs grew moderately in
August, and unemployment edged up. The overall jobless
rate was 5.5 percent and the civilian worker rate 5.6 percent,
compared with 5.4 percent for both measures in July.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the
monthly survey of business establishments, increased by
220,000 in August to 106.5 million, substantially less than
the average monthly gain so far this year. Total civilian
employment, as measured by the monthly survey of
households, was about unchanged at 115.2 million in August.
Unemployment
Both the number of unemployed persons and the
unemployment rate edged up in August. About 6.9 million
persons were unemployed, and the civilian worker jobless
rate was 5.6 percent, seasonally adjusted. Since March, the
rate has moved within the narrow range of 5.3 to 5.6 percent.
(See table A-33.)
Most of the over-the-month increase in joblessness
occurred among adult men, whose unemployment rate rose
0.4 percentage point to 4.9 percent. In contrast, the rate for
adult women edged down to 4.8 percent. The incidence of
joblessness rose slightly for whites to 4.9 percent, while it
was little changed for blacks (11.3 percent), teenagers (15.8
percent), and Hispanics (8.4 percent). (See tables A-33 and
A-34.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Civilian employment was about unchanged at 115.2 million
in August, and the employment-population ratio remained
at its high of 62.3 percent. The civilian labor force rose
substantially—by almost 350,000—as the labor force
participation rate edged up to 66.0 percent, matching the high
reached in February. (See table A-33.)
Industry payroll employment
Employment in nonagricultural establishments increased
moderately in August, as payroll jobs rose by 220,000 to
a level of 106.5 million, seasonally adjusted. This gain, and
July's increase of 200,000, followed larger increases during
the first half of the year. Employment in private nonfarm
industries rose only modestly (155,000), and the goods-
producing sector did not increase for the first time since
January. (See table B-4.)
After 4 months of fairly strong growth, factory
employment was unchanged in August, on a seasonally
adjusted basis. Although job gains were registered in the
machinery, electrical equipment, and printing and publishing
industries, these were offset by a drop in textile employment
and smaller declines in 11 other industries. Elsewhere in the
goods-producing sector, employment in the oil and gas
component of the mining industry edged down. Construction
industry employment, which has risen rather vigorously over
the past year, was unchanged in August.
In the service-producing sector, the services industry rose
by 95,000 in August, about in line with the recent average
for that industry. Both business and health services, however,
posted below-average increases. Wholesale trade added
20,000 jobs, nearly all in its durable goods component. Over
the year, employment in that industry has risen by 300,000,
more than three-fourths of which was in durable-goods
distribution. After 2 months of strong growth, employment
in retail trade showed little over-the-month movement, as
only food stores posted a substantial job increase. Similarly,
employment in the other private service sector industriestransportation and public utilities and finance, insurance, and
real estate—was little changed in August.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls dropped by 0.3
hour to 34.6 hours in August, seasonally adjusted. The
factory workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 41.0 hours, and
manufacturing overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 3.8 hours.
The average workweek in manufacturing has been at or above
41 hours throughout most of 1987 and 1988, quite high by
historical standards. (See table C-5.)
As a result of the August drop in the workweek, the index
of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 125.5
(1977 = 100), declined 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted. The
index for manufacturing was also down, by 0.5 percent to
96.1. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers were unchanged in August,
seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings fell 0.9 percent, reflecting the decline in the average workweek. Prior
to seasonal adjustment, average weekly earnings dropped 92
cents to $323.40, while average hourly earnings were unchanged at $9.24. (See tables C-l and C-7.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 179.4 (1977 = 100) in
August, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.1 percent from
July. For the 12 months ended in August, the increase was
3.1 percent. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI
decreased 0.5 percent during the 12-month period ended in
July. The HEI is computed so as to exclude the effects of two
types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index will no longer be published in this
publication.) (See table C-7.)
Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month
Release date
Reference month
Release date
September
October 7
December
January 6
October
November 4
January
February 3
November
December 2
February
March 10
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month
Noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Resident
Armed
Forces
Unemployed
Civilian
Number
Total
Agricu.ure 1 " " f f l T
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
...
...
...
...
...
...
110,463
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117
65,785
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157
59.6
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9
62,251
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418
2,142
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
5.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960
I9601 ..
1961 ...
19621 ..
1963 ...
1964 ...
1965 ...
1966 ...
1967 ...
1968 ...
1969 ...
119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573
71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972
60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8
67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140
1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970 ..
1977 ..
19781 .
1979 ..
139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460
84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559
61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0
80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421
2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980 ...
1981 ...
1982 ...
1983 ...
1984 ...
1985 ...
19861 ..
1987 ...
169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1971 ..
19721 .
19731 .
1974 ..
1975 ..
1976 ..
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
August
September .
October
November ..
December ..
1988:
January ..
February .
March
April
May
June
July
August ....
184,738
184,904
185,052
185,225
185,370
122,042
121,706
122,128
122,349
122,472
66.1
65.8
66.0
66.1
66.1
114,786
114,615
114,951
115,259
115,494
1,736
1,743
1,741
1,755
1,750
113,050
112,872
113,210
113,504
113,744
3,143
3,184
3,249
3,172
3,215
109,907
109,688
109,961
110,332
110,529
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
62,696
63,198
62,924
62,876
62,898
185,571
185,705
185,847
185,964
186,088
186,247
186,402
186,522
122,924
123,084
122,639
123,055
122,692
123,157
123,357
123,723
66.2
66.3
66.0
66.2
65.9
66.1
66.2
66.3
115,878
116,145
115,839
116,445
115,909
116,703
116,732
116,872
1,749
1,736
1,736
1,732
1,714
1,685
1,673
1,692
114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
115,180
3,293
3,228
3,204
3,228
3,035
3,085
3,046
3,151
110,836
111,182
110,899
111,485
111,160
111,933
112,014
112,029
7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
6,851
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.5
62,647
62,621
63,208
62,909
63,396
63,090
63,045
62,799
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1977 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Sex, year,
and month
Noninstitutional
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
population
Total
Resident
Armed
Forces
Unemployed
Civilian
Total
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Annual averages
MEN
1977
19781
1979
76,756
78,107
79,509
59,959
61,151
62,215
78.1
78.3
78.2
56,291
58,010
59,096
1,563
1,531
1,489
54,728
56,479
57,607
2,671
2,718
2,686
52,057
53,761
54,921
3,667
3,142
3,120
6.1
5.1
5.0
16,797
16,956
17,293
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
59,852
59,821
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
20,661
20,907
20,809
20,830
20,894
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
August
September
October
November
December
88,598
88,683
88,756
88,849
88,924
67,937
67,776
67,947
68,019
68,030
76.7
76.4
76.6
76.6
76.5
63,916
63,949
64,048
64,174
64,245
1,575
1,581
1,580
1,593
1,589
62,341
62,368
62,468
62,581
62,656
2,489
2,547
2,569
2,491
2,523
60,090
60,133
4,021
3,827
3,899
3,845
3,785
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
89,033
89,099
89,168
89,225
89,287
89,367
89,445
89,504
68,243
68,343
68,148
68,445
68,318
68,429
68,521
68,723
76.6
76.7
76.4
76.7
76.5
76.6
76.6
76.8
64,396
64,636
64,332
64,892
64,583
64,934
65,002
64,954
1,588
1,577
1,573
1,569
1,553
1,523
1,512
1,529
62,808
63,059
62,759
63,323
63,030
63,411
63,490
63,425
2,593
2,510
2,474
2,467
2,391
2,422
2,471
2,526
60,216
60,548
60,285
60,856
60,639
60,988
61,019
60,899
3,847
3,707
3,816
3,553
3,736
3,495
3,519
3,768
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.1
5.1
5.5
20,790
20,756
21,020
20,780
20,969
20,938
20,924
20,781
Annual averages
WOMEN
1977
19781
1979
83,932
85,434
86,951
40,705
42,731
44,343
48.5
50.0
51.0
37,381
39,669
41,325
92
100
108
37,289
39,569
41,217
612
669
661
36,677
38,900
40,556
3,324
3,061
3,018
8.2
7.2
6.8
43,227
42,703
42,608
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
August
September ..
October
November...
December ...
96,140
96,221
96,295
96,376
96,446
54,105
53,930
54,181
54,330
54,442
56.3
56.0
56.3
56.4
56.4
50,870
50,666
50,903
51,085
51,249
161
162
161
162
161
50,709
50,504
50,742
50,923
51,088
654
637
680
681
692
50,055
49,867
50,062
50,242
50,396
3,235
3,264
3,278
3,245
3,193
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
42,035
42,291
42,114
42,046
42,004
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
96,538
96,606
96,679
96,739
96,801
96,880
96,957
97,018
54,681
54,740
54,491
54,610
54,374
54,728
54,836
55,000
56.6
56.7
56.4
56.5
56.2
56.5
56.6
56.7
51,482
51,509
51,507
51,553
51,327
51,769
51,730
51,918
161
159
163
163
161
162
161
163
51,321
51,350
51,344
51,390
51,166
51,607
51,569
51,755
700
717
730
761
645
662
575
625
50,621
50,633
50,614
50,629
50,521
50,944
50,994
51,130
3,200
3,231
2,985
3,057
3,047
2,960
3,106
3,083
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
41,857
41,866
42,188
42,129
42,427
42,152
42,121
42,018
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1954 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Total
Percent of
population
Employed
Unemployment rates
Unemployed
Total
Men
Women
Annual averages
1954 ...
1955..,
1956..
1957 ...
1958...
1959...
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
I9601 .
1961 ...
19621
1963 ...
1964..
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..
117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
1970 ..
1971 ..
19721
19731
1974 ..
1975..
1976..
1977..
19781
1979 ..
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
1980..
1981 ..
1982..
1983 ..
1984 ..
1985 ..
19861
1987 ..
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1987:
August
September
October
November
December
183,002
183,161
183,311
183,470
183,620
120,306
119,963
120,387
120,594
120,722
65.7
65.5
65.7
65.7
65.7
113,050
112,872
113,210
113,504
113,744
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.8
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
1988:
January
February ..
March
April
May
June
July
August
183,822
183,969
184,111
184,232
184,374
184,562
184,729
184,830
121,175
121,348
120,903
121,323
120,978
121,472
121,684
122,031
65.9
66.0
65.7
65.9
65.6
65.8
65.9
66.0
114,129
114,409
114,103
114,713
114,195
115,018
115,059
115,180
7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
6,851
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Not in labor force
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Unemployed
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
184,830
14,491
7,237
7,254
18,375
101,700
42,691
21,306
21,385
34,890
18,925
15,965
24,120
12,999
11,121
21,636
10,846
10,791
28,627
9,812
7,691
11,123
Percent
of
population
Employed
123,396
9,363
3,954
5,409
15,028
84,054
35,528
17,784
17,744
29,419
15,857
13,563
19,106
10,591
8,515
11,756
7,141
4,615
3,195
1,931
801
464
66.8
64.6
54.6
74.6
81.8
82.6
83.2
83.5
83.0
84.3
83.8
85.0
79.2
81.5
76.6
54.3
65.8
42.8
11.2
19.7
10.4
4.2
116,737
8,140
3,370
4,771
13,839
80,247
33,536
16,687
16,849
28,228
15,147
13,081
18,483
10,223
8,260
11,395
6,936
4,459
3,116
1,885
781
449
6,659
1,222
584
638
1,189
3,807
1,992
1,097
895
1,191
708
482
624
368
256
361
205
156
80
46
19
14
5.4
13.1
14.8
11.8
7.9
4.5
5.6
6.2
5.0
4.0
4.5
3.6
3.3
3.5
3.0
3.1
2.9
3.4
2.5
2.4
2.4
3.0
61,434
5,128
3,283
1,845
3,347
17,647
7,162
3,522
3,640
5,471
3,068
2,402
5,013
2,408
2,605
9,880
3,705
6,176
25,431
7,881
6,889
10,661
28,426
735
320
415
1,534
12,207
5,079
2,406
2,673
3,890
2,216
1,682
3,239
1,658
1,581
4,787
2,085
2,702
9,163
2,949
2,543
3,670
1,798
699
346
353
568
503
322
216
106
147
95
52
34
25
9
24
19
5
4
87,975
7,306
3,698
3,607
8,886
49,726
20,982
10,461
10,522
17,063
9,266
7,797
11,681
6,311
5,370
10,197
5,173
5,024
11,860
4,443
3,322
4,095
68,326
4,929
2,101
2,828
7,944
46,656
19,846
9,825
10,020
16,231
8,821
7,411
10,579
5,855
4,724
6,837
4,125
2,712
1,959
1,160
489
311
77.7
67.5
56.8
78.4
89.4
93.8
94.6
93.9
95.2
95.1
95.2
95.0
90.6
92.8
88.0
67.0
79.7
54.0
16.5
26.1
14.7
7.6
64,876
4,282
1,804
2,478
7,324
44,736
18,807
9,263
9,544
15,650
8,493
7,157
10,279
5,693
4,586
6,611
4,001
2,610
1,922
1,143
474
305
3,450
647
297
350
620
1,920
1,039
563
476
581
327
254
300
162
138
226
124
102
37
17
14
6
5.0
13.1
14.1
12.4
7.8
4.1
5.2
5.7
4.8
3.6
3.7
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.0
3.8
1.9
1.5
2.9
1.9
19,649
2,376
1,597
779
942
3,070
1,137
635
501
832
445
386
1,101
456
645
3,360
1,048
2,312
9,901
3,283
2,832
3,785
658
90
51
39
43
212
95
49
46
61
37
24
56
25
31
127
54
73
185
55
48
82
96,855
7,185
3,539
3,647
9,490
51,974
21,708
10,845
10,863
17,827
9,659
8,168
12,439
6,688
5,751
11,440
5,673
5,767
16,766
5,369
4,369
7,028
55,070
4,434
1,853
2,581
7,084
37,398
15,682
7,959
7,724
13,188
7,036
6,152
8,527
4,736
3,791
4,919
3,016
1,903
1,236
771
312
153
56.9
61.7
52.4
70.8
74.7
72.0
72.2
73.4
71.1
74.0
72.8
75.3
68.6
70.8
65.9
43.0
53.2
33.0
7.4
14.4
7.1
2.2
51,861
3,858
1,566
2,292
6,515
35,511
14,729
7,424
7,305
12,578
6,654
5,924
8,203
4,530
3,674
4,784
2,935
1,849
1,193
742
307
144
3,209
576
287
288
570
1,887
953
534
419
609
381
228
324
206
118
135
81
54
43
29
5
5.8
13.0
15.5
11.2
8.0
5.0
6.1
6.7
5.4
4.6
5.4
3.7
3.8
4.3
3.1
2.7
2.7
2.8
3.4
3.8
1.6
5.6
41,785
2,752
1,686
1,066
2,405
14,577
6,026
2,887
3,139
4,639
2,623
2,016
3,912
1,952
1,960
6,520
2,657
3,864
15,531
4,598
4,057
6,876
27,768
645
269
376
1,490
11,995
4,984
2,357
2,627
3,828
2,170
1,658
3,183
1,633
1,550
4,660
2,031
2,629
8,978
2,894
2,495
3,588
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
3,310
41
19
22
93
1,200
351
159
191
348
183
165
502
196
305
765
366
399
1,211
299
227
686
27,900
3,653
2,598
1,056
1,153
3,736
1,410
741
669
1,087
583
503
1,239
529
710
4,304
1,235
3,069
15,053
4,634
4,121
6,298
833
341
180
161
280
205
146
106
40
48
36
12
11
9
2
8
9
1,833
21
8
13
50
811
258
116
142
238
130
108
314
123
191
488
239
249
463
161
88
215
16,325
1,925
1,358
566
568
1,842
637
365
273
484
242
242
720
299
421
2,737
746
1,991
9,253
3,068
2,698
3,487
966
358
166
192
288
298
176
110
66
99
59
40
23
16
7
16
10
6
5
1,477
20
12
9
42
389
93
43
49
109
53
57
187
73
114
277
127
150
748
138
139
471
11,575
1,729
1,240
489
584
1,894
773
376
396
603
341
261
519
230
289
1,567
489
1,078
5,800
1,566
1,423
2,811
6
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
_
6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
158,340
11,833
5,867
5,966
15,210
86,558
35,908
17,854
18,053
29,902
16,063
13,840
20,748
11,193
9,555
18,966
9,407
9,558
25,773
8,779
6,938
10,056
Percent
of
population
Employed
106,146
8,028
3,395
4,633
12,782
72,099
30,165
15,100
15,066
25,296
13,494
11,802
16,637
9,245
7,393
10,368
6,270
4,098
2,869
1,734
711
424
67.0
67.8
57.9
111
84.0
83.3
84.0
84.6
83.5
84.6
84.0
85.3
80.2
82.6
77.4
54.7
66.6
42.9
11.1
19.8
10.2
4.2
101,213
7,134
2,963
4,171
11,957
69,246
28,718
14,312
14,406
24,388
12,969
11,418
16,141
8,953
7,187
10,065
6,101
3,965
2,811
1,692
701
418
4,933
894
432
463
825
2,852
1,447
788
659
908
525
384
497
291
206
303
169
134
59
42
11
5
4.6
11.1
12.7
10.0
6.5
4.0
4.8
5.2
4.4
3.6
6.2
3.3
3.0
3.1
3.9
2.9
2.7
3.3
2.0
2.4
1.5
1.2
52,194
3,805
2,472
1,333
2,428
14,459
5,743
2,755
2,987
4,606
2,569
2,037
4,111
1,949
2,163
8,598
3,138
5,460
22,904
7,045
6,225
9,634
24,566
508
211
297
1,206
10,327
4,222
1,989
2,234
3,387
1,944
1,499
2,718
1,382
1,391
4,170
1,789
2,381
8,355
2,677
2,310
3,368
1,209
507
247
260
360
323
199
124
75
104
62
42
20
12
7
15
8
6
5
75,937
5,968
3,002
2,967
7,442
42,835
17,886
8,865
9,020
14,787
7,972
6,816
10,162
5,498
4,664
8,989
4,514
4,475
10,702
4,006
3,000
3,696
59,438
4,205
1,800
2,404
6,777
40,592
17,101
8,454
8,648
14,177
7,639
6,538
9,313
5,153
4,161
6,072
3,650
2,422
1,793
1,069
438
286
78.3
70.4
60.0
81.0
91.1
94.8
95.6
95.4
95.9
95.9
95.8
95.9
91.6
93.7
89.2
67.6
80.9
54.1
16.8
26.7
14.6
7.7
56,827
3,733
1,588
2,145
6,342
39,112
16,321
8,045
8,276
13,719
7,381
6,338
9,071
5,032
4,039
5,877
3,544
2,333
1,763
1,053
429
282
2,611
471
212
259
435
1,480
780
409
371
458
258
200
242
120
122
195
106
89
30
16
10
3
4.4
11.2
11.8
10.8
6.4
3.6
4.6
4.8
4.3
3.2
3.4
3.1
2.6
2.3
2.9
3.2
2.9
3.7
1.6
1.5
2.3
1.1
16,499
1,764
1,202
562
665
2,243
784
412
372
610
333
278
849
346
503
2,917
864
2,053
8,909
2,937
2,561
3,411
503
63
34
29
31
161
67
35
32
54
33
22
40
17
22
88
39
49
160
52
31
77
558
242
119
124
195
118
84
53
32
32
22
10
2
1
82,403
5,865
2,865
3,000
7,767
43,723
18,022
8,989
9,033
15,115
8,091
7,024
10,586
5,695
4,891
9,977
4,894
5,083
15,071
4,773
3,938
6,360
46,708
3,824
1,595
2,229
6,005
31,507
13,064
6,646
6,418
11,119
5,855
5,264
7,324
4,092
3,232
4,296
2,620
1,676
1,077
665
273
138
56.7
65.2
55.7
74.3
77.3
72.1
72.5
73.9
71.1
73.6
72.4
74.9
69.2
71.9
66.1
43.1
53.5
33.0
7.1
13.9
6.9
2.2
44,386
3,401
1,375
2,026
5,615
30,134
12,397
6,267
6,130
10,668
5,588
5,080
7,069
3,921
3,148
4,188
2,557
1,632
1,047
639
272
136
2,322
423
220
203
390
1,372
667
379
288
451
267
184
255
171
84
107
63
44
29
26
1
2
5.0
11.1
13.8
9.1
6.5
4.4
5.1
5.7
4.5
4.1
4.6
3.5
3.5
4.2
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.7
2.7
3.9
.4
1.2
35,695
2,041
1,270
771
1,762
12,216
4,958
2,343
2,615
3,995
2,236
1,759
3,262
1,603
1,660
5,681
2,274
3,407
13,995
4,108
3,664
6,223
24,063
445
177
268
1,175
10,166
4,155
1,954
2,202
3,333
1,885
1,447
2,678
1,354
1,324
4,082
1,750
2,332
8,195
2,625
2,279
3,291
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....
6
2,542
36
14
22
50
892
267
115
151
274
136
138
352
128
224
598
279
320
965
238
177
551
23,877
2,753
1,999
754
811
2,919
1,056
528
528
841
453
388
1,021
436
585
3,815
1,062
2,753
13,579
4,131
3,738
5,710
1,389
21
8
13
18
614
195
83
112
188
104
84
231
87
144
373
176
198
362
130
74
159
14,049
1,438
1,041
397
421
1,351
438
242
197
336
174
161
577
240
337
2,453
647
1,806
8,387
2,756
2,456
3,175
1,153
15
6
9
33
278
71
32
39
85
32
54
121
41
80
225
103
122
602
108
103
392
9,828
1,316
958
357
390
1,568
617
286
331
506
279
227
445
196
248
1,362
415
947
5,192
1,375
1,282
2,535
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over ....
2
2
-
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
.....
75 years and over ....
10
652
265
128
137
164
205
115
71
43
72
40
32
18
11
7
13
6
6
5
_
6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
T
August 1988
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Number
Percent
of
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
20,736
2,183
1,133
1,050
2,521
11,514
5,248
2,674
2,574
3,734
2,132
1,603
2,532
1,348
1,185
2,111
1,100
1,011
2,406
882
1,524
13,481
1,103
475
629
1,829
9,190
4,204
2,085
2,120
3,139
1,810
1,329
1,847
1,007
840
1,088
674
414
270
164
106
65.0
50.5
41.9
59.9
72.5
79.8
80.1
78.0
82.4
84.1
84.9
82.9
72.9
74.7
70.9
51.5
61.3
40.9
11.2
18.6
7.0
11,962
802
335
467
1,499
8,352
3,707
1,809
1,897
2,896
1,652
1,244
1,749
958
791
1,053
653
399
257
161
1,519
302
140
161
330
838
497
274
222
243
158
85
98
48
50
35
21
15
13
4
10
11.3
27.3
29.5
25.7
18.0
9.1
11.8
13.1
10.5
7.7
8.7
6.4
5.3
4.8
6.0
3.3
3.1
3.5
5.0
2.4
9.4
7,255
1,079
658
421
692
2,325
1,044
589
454
595
321
274
686
342
345
1,023
426
597
2,135
718
1,417
2,920
201
92
109
262
1,308
613
328
284
322
171
152
373
203
171
470
217
253
679
220
459
395
134
71
63
143
117
82
60
23
28
19
10
7
5
2
1
1
9,313
1,078
571
506
1,149
5,163
2,375
1,210
1,165
1,664
951
713
1,124
599
526
951
498
454
971
385
586
6,794
582
255
327
957
4,521
2,109
1,048
1,062
1,498
873
625
914
511
403
596
363
233
137
76
61
73.0
54.0
44.6
64.7
83.3
87.6
88.8
86.6
91.1
90.0
91.8
87.6
81.2
85.2
76.7
62.7
72.9
51.4
14.1
19.9
10.4
6,072
428
178
250
791
4,137
1,873
911
961
1,395
812
583
869
482
387
583
354
228
134
77
58
722
154
77
77
166
384
237
136
100
103
61
42
45
28
17
14
9
5
3
10.6
26.5
30.2
23.6
17.4
8.5
11.2
13.0
9.4
6.9
7.0
6.8
4.9
5.5
4.1
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.0
2,519
495
317
179
192
643
265
162
103
166
78
88
211
89
123
355
135
220
834
309
525
120
24
13
11
11
36
16
13
3
6
5
2
14
7
7
30
9
21
19
4
15
161
72
45
27
43
45
33
26
402
11,423
1,105
562
544
1,372
6,351
2,873
1,464
1,409
2,070
1,181
890
1,408
749
659
1,160
602
557
1,435
497
938
6,687
521
220
301
872
4,669
2,095
1,037
1,058
1,641
937
704
933
496
437
492
311
180
133
88
45
58.5
47.1
39.2
55.4
63.5
73.5
72.9
70.8
75.1
79.3
79.4
79.1
66.3
66.3
66.3
42.4
51.7
32.4
9.3
17.7
4.8
5,890
374
157
217
708
4,215
1,834
898
936
1,501
840
661
880
476
404
470
299
171
123
84
38
797
148
63
84
164
454
261
138
122
140
97
43
53
20
33
21
12
9
11
4
7
4,736
584
342
243
500
1,682
778
427
351
429
243
186
475
253
222
668
291
377
1,302
409
892
2,801
177
79
98
251
1,272
597
315
281
316
166
150
359
196
164
440
208
232
660
216
444
234
62
26
36
100
72
49
34
15
20
13
7
3
3
299
5
5
702
4
5
42
279
80
44
36
67
42
24
132
60
72
142
67
75
235
57
177
3,238
741
491
250
246
619
268
157
111
178
90
88
173
74
99
410
141
270
1,222
441
780
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
V)
32
181
61
33
29
44
22
21
76
34
42
92
44
48
98
30
67
1,836
401
259
142
107
378
154
90
64
107
45
62
117
46
71
232
81
152
718
275
442
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
11.9
28.3
28.8
27.9
18.8
9.7
12.4
13.3
11.5
8.5
10.4
6.1
5.7
4.1
7.5
4.4
3.9
5.1
8.0
4.3
19
11
7
23
20
3
56
26
30
50
23
27
137
27
110
1,402
340
232
108
139
241
114
67
47
71
45
26
56
28
28
178
60
118
504
166
338
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
11
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Civilian labor force
Age and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
26,490
2,658
1,370
1,288
3,166
15,144
6,782
3,451
3,330
4,988
2,863
2,126
3,371
1,806
1,566
2,671
1,438
1,232
2,854
1,034
753
1,067
17,250
1,335
559
776
2,246
11,955
5,363
2,685
1,444
4,123
2,363
1,761
2,469
1,346
1,124
1,388
871
517
326
197
89
40
65.1
50.2
40.8
60.2
70.9
78.9
79.1
77.8
43.4
82.7
82.5
82.8
73.2
74.5
71.8
52.0
60.6
41.9
11.4
19.1
11.8
3.7
15,524
1,007
407
600
1,882
11,000
4,818
2,376
2,442
3,841
2,178
1,662
2,342
1,270
1,073
1,330
835
495
305
192
82
30
12,038
1,337
696
641
1,444
6,892
3,097
1,595
1,501
2,276
1,295
981
1,519
813
706
1,208
659
549
1,158
438
322
399
8,888
725
301
424
1,167
6,065
2,744
1,372
1,373
2,055
1,182
873
1,266
702
73.8
54.2
43.2
66.2
80.8
88.0
88.6
86.0
91.4
90.3
91.3
88.9
83.4
86.4
8,049
549
216
333
982
5,624
2,486
1,218
1,268
1,931
1,112
819
1,208
661
564
79.8
63.3
72.0
52.8
14.4
20.8
15.8
547
14,452
1,321
674
647
1,722
8,252
3,686
1,856
1,829
2,713
1,568
1,145
1,853
993
860
1,463
779
684
1,695
596
431
668
8,362
610
258
352
1,079
5,890
2,618
1,313
1,305
2,068
1,181
888
1,203
644
560
624
397
227
159
106
38
15
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries
Number
245
18
7
11
23
151
71
45
26
41
24
17
39
17
22
33
18
14
20
12
7
1
15,279
989
400
589
1,859
10,850
4,746
2,330
2,417
3,799
2,155
1,645
2,304
1,253
1,051
1,297
817
480
285
181
75
29
1,726
328
152
176
364
954
545
310
236
282
184
99
127
76
51
58
36
22
21
5
7
10
212
14
7
8
18
134
67
42
25
32
17
15
35
13
22
27
13
14
18
11
6
1
7,836
535
209
325
964
5,490
2,418
1,176
1,243
1,899
1,095
804
1,173
648
525
707
444
263
141
80
41
21
839
176
85
91
185
440
259
154
105
124
70
54
58
41
17
30
18
13
7
1
4
3
33
3
7,443
454
191
263
895
5,360
2,328
1,154
1,174
1,901
1,060
841
1,131
605
526
591
373
218
143
101
34
8
887
153
68
85
179
514
286
156
131
159
114
45
69
35
34
28
18
9
14
4
3
7
Agriculture
Percent
of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
10.0
24.6
27.3
22.7
16.2
8.0
10.2
11.5
16.3
6.8
7.8
5.6
5.1
5.6
4.5
4.2
4.2
4.2
6.5
2.5
7.9
V)
9,240
1,323
811
512
920
3,186
1,420
767
653
865
500
366
902
459
442
1,283
567
716
2,528
837
664
1,027
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
764
475
290
167
91
51
25
6.3
734
457
277
159
90
47
22
9.4
24.2
28.2
21.4
15.9
7.3
9.4
11.2
7.6
6.0
5.9
6.2
4.6
5.9
3.0
4.0
3.8
4.3
4.5
.7
O
3,150
612
396
217
277
826
352
224
129
221
113
109
253
110
142
444
184
259
992
347
271
374
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
12
57.9
46.2
38.4
54.3
62.7
71.4
71.0
70.7
71.4
76.3
75.3
77.6
64.9
64.8
65.1
42.6
50.9
33.2
9.4
17.8
8.8
2.2
7,475
457
191
267
900
5,376
2,332
1,158
1,174
1,910
1,066
843
1,134
609
526
596
379
218
146
102
35
8
3
5
17
4
3
1
9
7
2
4
4
6
6
2
1
1
10.6
25.0
26.2
24.2
16.6
8.7
10.9
11.8
10.0
7.7
9.7
5.0
5.7
5.5
6.0
4.4
4.6
4.1
8.5
3.4
6,090
711
415
295
643
2,360
1,067
543
524
644
387
257
649
349
300
839
383
457
1,536
490
393
653
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over
Total
Employment status and
race
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
183,002
121,614
66.5
184,830
123,396
66.8
116,737
3,455
113,282
6,659
5.4
61,434
Women, 20 years and
over
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
79,668
80,669
63,396
78.6
60,594
2,438
58,156
2,803
4.4
17,273
88,685
49,683
56.0
46,840
680
46,161
2,843
5.7
39,002
89,670
50,637
56.5
48,003
650
47,354
14,649
9,415
64.3
39,033
356
7,785
1,274
13.5
5,233
14,491
9,363
64.6
8,140
368
7,773
75,925
76,539
42,884
56.0
40,985
620
40,365
1,899
4.4
33,654
11,959
8,012
67.0
7,098
333
6,765
913
11.4
3,948
11,833
8,028
67.8
7,134
350
6,784
894
10,318
6,166
59.8
5,516
22
2,169
1,154
53.2
852
20
832
302
26.2
1,016
2,183
1,103
50.5
802
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
114,527
3,452
111,075
7,088
5.8
61,388
62,516
78.5
59,546
2,416
57,130
2,970
4.8
17,152
2,633
5.2
8,141
1,222
13.1
5,128
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
157,134
104,631
66.6
99,482
3,187
96,295
5,149
4.9
52,503
158,340
106,146
67.0
101,213
3,210
20,396
20,736
13,481
65.0
11,962
181
11,781
1,519
11.3
7,255
98,003
4,933
4.6
52,194
14,692
69,968
55,233
78.9
53,094
2,240
50,854
2,139
3.9
14,735
8,080
6,121
75.8
5,491
163
5,328
630
10.3
1,959
8,235
6,212
75.4
5,644
149
5,496
568
9.1
2,023
69,250
54,558
78.8
52,335
2,207
50,128
2,224
4.1
42,061
55.4
40,049
647
39,401
2,012
4.8
33,864
11.1
3,805
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
13,393
65.7
11,721
205
11,516
1,671
12.5
7,003
10,147
6,118
60.3
5,379
23
5,356
739
5,494
650
12.1
4,028
10.5
4,152
11
791
302
27.3
1,079
13
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time1
Unemployed
Part
time1
Looking
for
full-time
work
Total
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
3,328
1,616
1,712
1,919
834
1,085
57.7
51.6
63.4
1,776
744
1,032
853
292
562
923
453
470
143
90
54
29
9
20
114
81
33
7.5
10.8
4.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
818
2,510
1,829
681
348
1,571
1,016
555
42.6
62.6
55.5
81.5
292
1,484
952
532
92
762
457
304
200
722
495
227
56
87
63
23
8
22
10
12
49
65
53
11
16.2
5.5
6.2
4.2
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1,637
792
845
930
407
523
56.8
51.4
62.0
870
367
503
444
165
280
425
202
223
60
40
21
13
7
6
47
33
14
6.5
9.8
3.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
459
1,178
874
304
210
720
463
257
45.7
61.2
53.0
84.7
172
698
445
253
69
376
244
132
103
322
201
121
38
23
18
4
7
7
6
1
31
16
13
3
18.1
3.1
4.0
1.7
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1,691
824
867
989
427
562
58.5
51.8
64.8
906
377
529
409
127
282
497
250
247
83
50
33
16
2
14
67
48
19
8.4
11.6
5.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
359
1,332
955
377
139
850
553
298
38.6
63.8
57.9
78.9
120
786
508
279
23
386
213
172
97
400
294
106
19
64
45
19
1
15
4
11
18
49
41
9
13.4
7.5
8.1
6.4
2,628
1,264
1,364
1,638
718
920
62.3
56.8
67.5
1,527
651
876
758
259
499
769
392
377
111
66
45
21
7
14
90
59
31
6.8
9.3
4.8
Men
Women
1,284
1,344
786
852
61.2
63.4
742
785
393
364
349
421
44
67
9
12
35
55
5.5
7.9
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
591
2,037
1,489
548
293
1,345
876
469
49.6
66.0
58.8
85.7
252
1,275
824
450
73
685
420
264
179
590
404
186
41
70
51
19
5
16
8
7
36
54
43
12
13.9
5.2
5.9
4.0
522
268
254
224
91
133
42.9
34.1
52.2
192
69
123
80
28
52
112
41
71
32
22
9
6
7
26
23
3
14.2
24.6
7.0
Men
Women
252
269
111
113
43.9
42.0
94
98
48
31
46
67
17
15
3
4
14
12
15.0
13.4
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
182
340
249
91
51
173
113
60
28.1
50.8
45.5
65.4
37
155
101
54
19
61
27
34
18
94
74
21
14
18
12
5
15
11
11
(2)
10.3
11.1
(2)
284
146
138
119
39
80
41.8
26.8
57.8
103
32
72
42
10
32
61
22
40
16
8
8
1
1
1
14
7
7
13.1
(2)
10.0
Men
Women
130
154
55
64
42.3
41.4
46
58
20
22
26
36
9
6
2
8
6
(2)
(2)
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
117
168
116
52
37
82
45
37
32.0
48.7
38.8
70.5
22
81
42
39
11
30
8
22
11
51
34
17
15
1
1
2
14
(2)
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
-
_
7
2
5
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
See footnotes at end of table.
14
-
2
-
.6
(2)
(2)
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Full
time1
Unemployed
Part
time1
Total
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
Percent
of
labor
force
TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
29,538
12,875
16,663
22,472
8,529
13,943
76.1
66.2
83.7
20,203
7,396
12,807
14,863
3,862
11,001
5,341
3,535
1,806
2,269
1,133
1,136
1,663
657
1,007
605
476
129
10.1
13.3
8.1
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
10,359
11,305
5,953
1,921
6,259
9,280
5,150
1,784
60.4
82.1
86.5
92.9
5,235
8,370
4,921
1,677
2,829
6,727
3,784
1,522
2,406
1,643
1,137
155
1,023
909
229
107
621
772
167
104
402
138
62
3
16.3
9.8
4.4
6.0
Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
14,555
6,514
8,041
11,943
4,523
7,420
82.1
69.4
92.3
10,737
3,916
6,821
8,346
2,240
6,106
2,391
1,676
715
1,206
607
599
928
370
559
278
237
41
10.1
13.4
8.1
5,537
5,397
2,791
829
3,816
4,863
2,478
787
68.9
90.1
88.8
94.8
3,228
4,388
2,376
745
1,978
3,768
1,904
696
1,249
620
473
49
588
475
102
42
400
412
74
42
188
63
27
15.4
9.8
4.1
5.3
14,984
6,361
8,622
10,529
4,007
6,523
70.3
63.0
75.6
9,467
3,481
5,986
6,517
1,621
4,896
2,950
1,859
1,090
1,062
526
536
735
287
448
327
239
89
10.1
13.1
8.2
4,822
5,908
3,162
1,092
2,443
4,417
2,672
997
50.7
74.8
84.5
91.4
2,008
3,983
2,544
932
851
2,960
1,880
826
1,157
1,023
664
106
435
434
127
66
220
360
92
62
215
74
35
4
17.8
9.8
4.8
6.6
24,415
10,569
13,846
19,172
7,311
11,862
78.5
69.2
85.7
17,564
6,483
11,081
13,028
3,434
9,594
4,536
3,049
1,487
1,608
828
781
1,168
490
678
440
338
102
8.4
11.3
6.6
12,127
12,288
10,196
8,977
84.1
73.1
9,333
8,231
7,329
5,699
2,004
2,532
862
746
656
512
206
234
8.5
8.3
8,310
9,380
5,037
1,688
5,281
7,903
4,398
1,590
63.6
84.3
87.3
94.2
4,528
7,286
4,248
1,502
2,495
5,906
3,259
1,368
2,033
1,380
989
133
753
617
149
89
459
524
99
86
294
93
51
3
14.3
7.8
3.4
5.6
4,183
1,915
2,268
2,709
1,012
1,697
64.8
52.8
74.8
2,109
733
1,376
1,460
330
1,130
649
402
246
600
279
321
450
156
294
150
123
27
22.1
27.6
18.9
Men
Women
1,974
2,208
1,428
1,280
72.4
58.0
1,124
984
814
646
310
338
304
296
248
202
56
94
21.3
23.1
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
1,719
1,652
700
112
822
1,193
588
105
47.8
72.2
84.1
93.6
576
914
517
101
258
696
413
93
319
218
104
8
246
279
71
4
149
239
58
4
97
40
12
29.9
23.4
12.0
4.1
3,079
1,207
1,871
2,143
684
1,459
69.6
56.6
78.0
1,873
561
1,312
1,460
321
1,139
412
239
173
270
123
147
206
79
127
64
44
20
12.6
18.0
10.1
Men
Women
1,581
1,498
1,279
864
80.9
57.7
1,118
754
930
530
188
225
161
110
125
81
36
29
12.6
12.7
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
1,626
1,011
381
61
975
790
323
55
60.0
78.1
84.9
804
710
309
50
608
589
221
42
196
121
88
8
172
80
14
5
126
62
12
5
45
17
2
17.6
10.1
4.4
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.
15
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Total
Veteran status
and age
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Unemployed
Percent of
labor force
Number
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
7,847
6,184
895
2,552
2,737
1,663
7,896
5,864
655
2,106
3,103
2,032
7,241
5,904
839
2,428
2,637
1,337
7,311
5,621
612
2,007
3,002
1,690
6,934
5,655
111
2,310
2,568
1,279
7,066
5,416
576
1,935
2,905
1,650
307
249
62
118
69
58
245
205
36
72
97
40
4.2
4.2
7.4
4.9
2.6
4.3
3.4
3.6
5.9
3.6
3.2
2.4
19,585
8,910
6,252
4,423
20,542
9,155
6,888
4,499
18,601
8,549
5,921
4,131
19,525
8,747
6,555
4,223
17,788
8,132
5,692
3,964
18,739
8,352
6,305
4,082
813
417
229
167
786
395
250
141
4.4
4.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.5
3.8
3.3
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data
16
are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
August 1988
Unemployed
Employed
Part time
Full time
Sex, age, and race
Total
Full-time
schedules1
Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time
Total
Voluntary1
Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time
Looking
for
full-time
work
Looking
for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
98,481
4,153
1,169
2,984
94,328
11,563
82,766
71,831
10,936
96,718
3,957
1,095
2,862
92,761
11,256
81,505
70,736
10,770
1,763
196
74
122
1,567
307
1,261
1,095
166
18,256
3,987
2,201
1,786
14,269
2,276
11,993
8,417
3,575
14,460
2,894
1,659
1,235
11,566
1,537
10,029
6,830
3,198
3,796
1,093
542
551
2,703
739
1,964
1,587
377
5,413
666
207
458
4,747
1,027
3,720
3,396
324
1,246
557
377
180
689
162
527
411
116
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
58,973
2,405
56,568
6,385
50,182
43,190
6,992
58,026
2,293
55,733
6,217
49,515
42,605
6,910
947
112
835
168
667
585
82
5,903
1,877
4,026
939
3,086
1,546
1,541
4,210
1,330
2,880
581
2,299
936
1,364
1,693
547
1,146
358
787
610
177
3,017
377
2,640
565
2,074
1,867
207
433
270
163
55
109
53
56
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
39,509
1,748
37,761
5,178
32,583
28,639
3,943
38,692
1,664
37,028
5,039
31,989
28,130
3,859
817
84
733
139
594
509
84
12,352
2,110
10,242
1,337
8,905
6,871
2,035
10,249
1,564
8,685
957
7,728
5,894
1,835
2,103
546
1,557
380
1,177
977
200
2,396
289
2,107
462
1,645
1,529
117
813
287
526
107
419
358
60
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
51,856
2,120
49,736
5,602
44,134
37,888
6,246
51,069
2,033
49,036
5,472
43,564
37,391
6,173
787
87
700
130
570
497
73
4,971
1,613
3,358
740
2,618
1,225
1,393
3,633
1,146
2,487
465
2,022
786
1,236
1,338
467
871
275
596
439
157
2,280
283
1,997
381
1,616
1,441
175
330
188
142
54
88
38
50
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
33,414
1,572
31,842
4,491
27,350
23,923
3,427
32,761
1,502
31,259
4,380
26,879
23,523
3,356
653
70
583
111
471
400
71
10,973
1,828
9,144
1,124
8,021
6,212
1,808
9,238
1,364
7,874
827
7,048
5,408
1,640
1,735
464
1,270
297
973
804
168
1,688
214
1,474
311
1,163
1,075
89
634
209
425
80
346
298
48
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
5,338
219
5,118
643
4,473
3,882
591
5,207
202
5,004
606
4,397
3,810
587
131
17
114
37
76
72
4
735
208
526
147
379
253
126
426
137
289
79
210
103
107
309
71
237
68
169
150
19
636
85
551
165
387
375
12
86
69
17
2
16
11
5
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,807
139
4,668
539
4,129
3,730
398
4,683
130
4,553
518
4,034
3,647
387
124
9
115
21
95
83
11
1,083
235
848
170
678
485
193
780
166
614
108
506
339
167
303
69
234
62
172
146
26
627
70
556
136
421
399
22
1.71
77
93
28
66
56
10
White
Black
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according
to whether they usually work full or part time.
17
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Civilian labor force
Not in labor force
Unemployed
Family relationship
Total
Percent
of
population
Employed
Percent
of
Number
labor
force
Total
Keeping
house
Going
to
school
Unable
to
work
Other
reasons
Total, 16 years and over1
100,334
67.4
94,855
5,479
5.5
48,502
23,148
1,585
2,355
21,414
Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force
40,014
25,285
1,110
13,619
78.5
92.3
91.4
60.8
38,899
24,644
1,019
13,236
1,115
641
91
383
2.8
2.5
8.2
2.8
10,978
2,097
104
8,778
225
102
3
120
89
39
6
44
909
295
21
593
9,756
1,661
74
8,021
Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force
28,596
25,663
732
2,201
56.1
66.0
65.7
20.0
27,381
24,644
641
2,097
1,214
1,019
91
104
4.2
4.0
12.4
4.7
22,397
13,236
383
8,778
17,949
11,575
337
6,037
162
135
3
24
358
105
9
244
3,928
1,421
34
2,473
Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
15,166
6,327
5,321
3,518
71.5
66.9
82.9
66.0
13,865
5,700
4,973
3,192
1,301
627
348
326
8.6
9.9
6.5
9.3
6,041
3,129
1,101
1,811
915
251
151
513
811
446
310
55
343
28
40
275
3,973
2,404
600
969
Women who maintain families
6,679
62.3
6,152
526
7.9
4,037
2,766
127
214
930
Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
5,824
1,686
1,624
2,516
63.1
55.7
78.4
60.8
4,859
1,297
1,378
2,184
965
388
245
332
16.6
23.0
15.1
13.2
3,409
1,340
447
1,622
875
196
165
514
312
183
87
42
323
10
26
287
1,900
950
169
781
Men who maintain families
2,186
76.3
2,048
137
6.3
679
50
15
94
520
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
....
25 years and over
1,869
402
498
968
66.1
66.5
79.7
60.5
1,649
321
429
899
220
81
70
69
11.8
20.1
14.0
7.1
960
202
127
631
368
31
39
298
114
29
26
14
409
142
52
215
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women
18
10
104
who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Men
Marital status, race, and age
Thousands of
persons
Women
Unemployment
rates
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
3,696
3,450
1,252
5.5
3.2
6.6
10.0
White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,737
1,133
282
1,322
2,611
1,033
302
Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
804
187
134
482
722
166
Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
2,286
1,240
408
639
2,183
1,158
White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,736
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
464
168
128
166
1,361
433
1,901
1,031
262
442
Thousands of
persons
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
5.0
3.0
6.0
9.2
3,392
1,362
769
3,209
1,260
1,205
4.7
3.0
5.2
8.3
4.4
2.8
5.3
7.9
2,412
2,322
1,091
11.9
5.8
14.0
10.6
5.2
10.1
18.8
17.5
867
191
217
460
3.9
2.9
5.8
7.5
2,161
1,115
379
646
4.2
3.1
6.5
7.9
1,705
958
280
466
3.7
2.9
5.0
6.7
401
150
87
164
413
1,785
1,276
99
457
Unemployment
rates
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
6.3
4.7
7.4
8.5
5.8
4.5
6.4
8.1
5.3
4.4
6.5
6.3
5.0
4.2
5.6
6.3
797
181
187
430
13.0
8.0
11.6
19.2
11.9
7.5
9.8
18.0
712
334
2,064
1,117
611
336
5.1
4.2
7.2
5.7
4.7
4.1
6.0
5.6
3.5
2.7
5.1
6.6
1,550
911
492
147
1,509
921
421
167
4.3
3.9
6.3
3.3
4.1
3.8
5.2
3.6
8.9
5.5
13.6
7.6
4.9
13.3
486
148
176
162
10.3
14.0
537
156
202
178
9.2
6.7
9.5
13.1
9.2
1,121
535
757
1,325
679
479
752
7.1
11.2
14.9
19
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation
Total
Unemployment rates
Total
Men
Women
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
6,659
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.0
6.3
5.8
672
312
360
773
379
394
2.4
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.7
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
1.9
2.7
2.6
2.8
3.1
2.7
3.4
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
1,622
112
696
813
1,546
76
655
816
4.4
3.1
4.8
4.3
4.1
2.1
4.4
4.3
3.6
2.7
3.1
5.0
3.7
2.0
2.9
6.2
4.8
3.6
6.6
4.1
4.4
2.1
6.1
3.8
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
1,257
63
75
1,119
1,107
48
6.6
4.8
3.6
7.3
7.1
O
6.3
81
978
7.6
6.2
3.7
8.3
O
4.0
8.3
3.7
7.3
7.9
6.4
2.4
8.3
6.8
4.7
3.0
7.2
770
188
360
222
615
133
306
176
5.2
3.9
6.3
5.1
4.2
2.9
5.3
4.1
4.9
3.9
6.0
4.6
4.2
3.0
5.4
3.9
8.1
4.3
.3
3.9
4.9
1,609
709
306
594
120
474
1,506
684
288
534
140
394
8.1
7.8
7.9
7.2
6.0
10.3
7.6
7.7
5.5
9.1
12.3
8.4
10.4
7.0
6.5
5.0
9.5
12.7
8.6
8.8
8.7
6.6
9.9
O
Farming, forestry, and fishing
242
255
5.7
6.1
5.7
6.0
5.9
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
890
582
185
124
826
550
143
133
Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
20
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
7,088
6.1
10.5
11.3
10.6
11.2
2.8
22.8
7.0
9.7
9.2
9.5
10.9
7.4
O
7.6
6.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry
Unemployment rates
Men
Total
Total
Women
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
6,659
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.0
6.3
5.8
5,112
4,868
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.1
5.7
5.4
71
556
48
535
7.9
8.4
6.2
8.1
8.4
8.4
6.3
8.4
5.0
9.0
5.6
4.8
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
1,169
703
38
33
35
1,155
640
44
34
32
46
65
112
145
26
105
21
50
11
5.2
4.9
5.8
4.6
5.1
5.5
4.6
4.1
4.7
5.7
6.3
5.1
2.5
6.9
5.6
6.4
4.0
11.0
3.3
5.5
2.1
6.1
2.8
5.0
5.5
4.8
6.3
6.6
5.7
5.9
4.9
5.0
6.3
9.4
3.6
1.0
10.1
3.9
5.5
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.0
3.1
4.5
4.8
4.4
4.3
5.5
3.5
3.4
5.6
4.6
3.7
3.4
4.8
4.6
5.0
2.7
5.8
4.6
3.6
5.4
18.0
2.4
5.2
1.7
4.2
4.1
5.9
5.0
5.9
2.1
1.2
5.5
4.5
5.0
4.8
8.1
16.8
1.5
4.0
4.0
6.8
8.7
5.7
9.0
6.1
4.2
4.5
4.6
12.2
6.7
6.4
7.4
7.2
11.1
5.1
4.7
5.2
6.6
8.5
99
30
64
45
39
32
5.3
5.4
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.6
5.5
4.9
4.9
6.7
10.8
3.2
2.3
7.4
5.1
6.6
4.4
7.7
3.9
3.5
3.5
4.5
7.6
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
258
185
73
1,534
204
1,330
197
1,328
531
797
228
192
36
1,437
201
1,236
254
1,212
472
740
4.1
5.0
2.8
6.6
4.5
7.1
2.7
5.4
4.0
7.0
3.6
5.2
1.4
6.1
4.4
6.5
3.4
4.7
3.4
6.3
4.1
5.1
2.5
5.9
4.1
6.5
2.9
5.5
3.7
6.8
3.8
5.2
1.6
5.6
4.0
6.2
2.9
4.8
3.0
6.0
4.1
4.7
3.4
7.3
5.5
7.6
2.5
5.3
4.1
7.2
2.9
4.8
1.0
6.6
5.4
6.8
3.7
4.7
3.6
6.6
175
911
890
188
111
826
8.9
3.3
9.6
2.8
7.8
2.7
9.1
2.3
12.7
4.2
11.6
3.4
Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
7,088
46
74
126
110
187
139
48
17
37
466
127
32
100
156
80
76
19
32
515
121
30
12.5
5.2
2.2
8.2
7.0
11.6
2.3
8.6
5.6
5.9
3.2
9.2
21
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment
Women,
20 years
and over
Men,
20 years
and over
Aug.
1987
Both sexes,
16 to 19
years
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1988
1,222
215
58
157
162
300
546
5,149
2,325
587
1,738
871
1,404
549
4,933
2,195
628
1,567
840
1,400
498
1,671
744
133
611
162
493
272
1,519
632
96
536
191
414
282
100.0
14.7
2.4
12.3
14.4
25.3
45.6
100.0
17.5
4.7
12.8
13.2
24.5
44.7
100.0
45.2
11.4
33.8
16.9
27.3
10.7
100.0
44.5
12.7
31.8
17.0
28.4
10.1
100.0
44.5
8.0
36.5
9.7
29.5
16.3
100.0
41.6
6.3
35.3
12.6
27.3
18.6
2.0
2.0
3.4
6.2
2.3
1.7
3.2
5.8
2.3
.8
1.3
.5
2.1
5.6
1.2
3.7
2.0
4.7
1.4
3.1
2.1
Aug.
1988
7,088
3,145
730
2,415
1,062
1,991
890
6,659
2,887
739
2,148
1,062
1,888
822
2,970
1,937
429
1,508
422
518
94
2,803
1,767
424
1,343
449
500
87
2,843
1,021
270
751
456
1,152
214
2,633
905
256
649
452
1,089
188
1,274
187
30
157
184
322
581
100.0
44.4
10.3
34.1
15.0
28.1
12.6
100.0
43.4
11.1
32.3
15.9
28.4
12.3
100.0
65.3
14.5
50.8
14.2
17.4
3.2
100.0
63.0
15.1
47.9
16.0
17.8
3.1
100.0
35.9
9.5
26.4
16.1
40.5
7.5
100.0
34.3
9.7
24.6
17.1
41.3
7.2
2.6
.9
1.6
.7
2.3
.9
1.5
.7
3.1
.7
.8
.2
2.8
.7
.8
.1
2.0
.9
2.3
.4
1.8
.9
2.1
.4
Aug.
1987
Black
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
White
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
,
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
22
1.3
.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
August 1988
Duration of unemployment
Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age
15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons
Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Percent
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27 weeks
and over
6,659
100.0
46.5
31.4
22.1
10.1
12.0
2,887
739
2,148
1,062
1,888
822
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.7
59.4
31.6
54.9
52.0
50.4
29.8
26.1
31.0
29.8
31.5
39.3
31.6
14.6
37.4
15.3
16.5
10.3
13.5
8.9
15.1
8.0
8.5
4.1
18.1
5.7
22.3
7.3
8.0
6.2
2,803
100.0
38.8
31.1
30.0
12.2
17.8
1,767
424
1,343
449
500
87
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.9
61.5
26.4
48.2
44.4
39.1
31.1
24.4
33.3
31.7
31.1
28.0
34.0
14.1
40.3
20.0
24.4
32.9
13.0
9.1
14.3
9.3
10.4
20.0
21.0
5.0
26.0
10.7
14.0
12.9
2,633
100.0
49.3
29.1
21.6
11.7
9.9
905
256
649
452
1,089
188
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.5
52.0
34.6
54.7
53.7
57.7
28.8
29.4
28.6
30.4
29.9
22.6
31.7
18.6
36.9
14.9
16.4
19.7
16.6
10.5
15.1
8.1
17.8
6.1
6.5
1,222
100.0
58.0
37.2
4.8
1.6
215
58
157
162
300
546
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
66.4
22.6
11.1
4.4
6.7
0
0
0
0
0
62.8
74.0
58.4
49.7
22.1
22.6
38.0
46.9
15.1
3.4
3.5
3.4
5.9
2.3
.4
.8
19.0
8.8
9.9
6.2
13.6
3.3
9.2
1.1
3.1
2.6
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
A-16. Unemployed persons by duration <of unemployment
Full-time workers
Total
Thousands of persons
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks. ...
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks
;..
Percent distribution
Thousands of persons
Percent distribution
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
7,088
6,659
100.0
100.0
5,735
5,413
100.0
100.0
3,101
2,305
1,683
622
1,682
642
1,040
471
569
3,095
2,094
1,506
587
1,470
669
800
285
515
43.8
32.5
23.7
8.8
23.7
9.1
14.7
6.6
8.0
46.5
31.4
22.6
8.8
22.1
10.1
12.0
4.3
7.7
2,315
1,880
1,356
524
1,539
566
973
447
526
2,320
1,719
1,227
492
1,374
626
748
270
478
40.4
32.8
23.6
9.1
26.8
9.9
17.0
7.8
9.2
42.9
31.8
22.7
9.1
25.4
11.6
13.8
50
8.8
14.2
6.4
13.5
5.9
15.6
7.1
14.9
6.8
23
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.
Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status
Total
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks
Percent of unemployed
in group
Weeks
27
weeks
and
over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
August 1988
Unemployed
less than
5 weeks
Unemployed
15 weeks
and over
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years ,
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,659
1,222
1,189
1,992
1,191
624
361
80
3,095
709
632
897
479
211
134
33
2,094
455
362
617
346
200
91
23
669
19
105
236
165
91
42
12
800
40
91
242
202
121
94
11
13.5
6.4
9.7
13.7
17.9
19.3
24.5
16.4
5.9
4.3
4.7
6.4
7.7
9.2
9.5
7.6
43.8
54.0
50.1
40.5
39.8
36.1
30.4
44.3
46.5
58.0
53.2
45.0
40.2
33.9
37.2
41.5
23.7
7.0
18.9
24.9
29.9
37.8
43.2
36.3
22.1
4.8
16.4
24.0
30.8
34.0
37.6
29.4
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,450
647
620
1,039
581
300
226
37
1,459
371
313
414
179
91
73
20
1,115
243
214
348
177
79
47
7
352
10
44
115
98
51
30
4
523
23
49
162
128
79
77
6
15.8
6.8
9.4
16.2
22.1
25.2
29.3
6.9
4.4
5.0
7.3
11.1
10.2
12.9
39.0
50.8
43.0
38.9
30.3
30.6
21.9
42.3
57.3
50.4
39.8
30.7
30.4
32.2
28.6
8.3
23.9
29.1
39.1
45.4
51.2
25.4
5.2
15.0
26.7
38.8
43.2
47.0
O
O
0
O
O
O
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,209
576
570
953
609
324
135
43
1,636
338
320
483
300
120
62
13
978
212
148
269
169
121
44
16
318
9
61
121
67
40
12
8
277
16
41
80
74
42
18
5
11.1
6.0
10.1
11.0
13.9
13.7
16.3
48.9
58.2
57.2
42.3
48.8
41.7
42.4
O
51.0
58.7
56.1
50.7
49.3
37.2
45.6
18.4
5.3
13.9
20.3
21.1
30.0
32.0
18.5
4.4
18.0
21.1
23.1
25.5
22.0
O
4.9
4.3
4.5
4.9
5.2
8.4
6.0
O
O
0
O
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
4,933
2,611
2,322
2,352
1,107
1,245
1,562
850
713
495
279
216
523
375
148
12.5
15.3
9.4
5.6
6.6
4.7
45.5
40.6
51.1
47.7
42.4
53.6
23.2
28.7
17.0
20.6
25.1
15.7
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
1,519
722
797
644
297
347
478
229
248
159
61
98
238
135
104
16.5
18.2
14.9
7.6
8.1
7.2
36.9
31.6
41.7
42.4
41.1
43.6
25.7
29.2
22.5
26.2
27.1
25.3
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,252
413
1,785
407
209
843
393
90
633
169
35
148
283
79
161
20.4
19.7
11.7
9.2
4.9
5.6
32.8
32.6
44.9
32.5
50.7
47.2
37.1
40.0
19.9
36.1
27.5
17.3
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
1,325
679
1,205
714
278
644
365
221
392
139
99
79
107
81
89
10.6
14.3
9.8
4.6
7.4
4.7
48.6
44.8
51.7
53.9
41.0
53.5
18.9
24.9
14.0
18.6
26.5
14.0
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
24
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry
Total
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks
weeks
5 weeks
Percent of unemployed
in group
Weeks
27
weeks
and
over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
August 1988
Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
773
1,546
1,107
615
1,506
255
335
676
579
267
679
135
246
484
334
176
448
66
108
195
63
71
168
26
84
191
131
102
211
28
13.3
14.5
12.3
15.9
15.5
10.7
6.7
6.8
4.8
6.3
6.2
4.7
37.7
43.9
48.6
40.8
41.1
50.0
43.4 28.6
43.7 ,-23.0
52.3 20.8
43.3 32.6
45.1 28.0
52.8 18.0
24.8
25.0
17.6
28.1
25.2
21.3
188
556
1,159
644
515
275
1,444
1,805
193
110
291
506
245
261
119
679
816
71
39
137
335
198
136
74
455
608
67
21
43
147
81
66
42
132
202
24
17
85
171
119
52
40
178
179
32
9.9
14.0
16.0
18.2
13.2
16.7
13.1
12.9
16.7
4.3
4.8
7.1
8.5
4.9
7.5
5.6
6.3
9.6
58.0
44.7
38.8
38.9
38.7
36.4
42.5
46.3
40.2
58.6
52.4
43.7
38.1
50.7
43.1
47.0
45.2
36.6
10.8
24.8
32.4
32.3
32.4
27.8
24.3
21.2
30.7
20.3
23.0
27.4
31.1
22.8
30.0
21.5
21.1
28.7
826
417
324
34
51
9.2
4.9
46.6
50.5
11.7
10.2
INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
Includes wage and salary workers only.
25
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19.
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
August 1988
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency
Private
employment
agency
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6,659
1,222
1,189
1,992
1,191
624
361
80
5,727
1,135
1,033
1,710
983
510
285
70
22.1
12.4
22.3
24.8
24.3
30.4
22.8
17.1
8.2
3.7
9.4
9.2
7.9
12.4
7.7
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
2,898
588
533
853
478
235
179
31
25.4
12.9
25.1
28.6
28.7
36.2
29.1
8.0
1.5
9.6
10.3
8.2
65 years and over
3,450
647
620
1,039
581
300
226
37
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,209
576
570
953
609
324
135
43
2,829
546
500
857
505
275
107
39
18.8
11.9
19.4
21.0
20.2
25.5
12.1
White, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women
4,933
2,611
2,322
4,129
2,148
1,981
21.9
26.2
17.2
Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women
1,519
722
797
1,421
656
764
21.6
20.9
22.3
55 to 64 years
0
10.6
7.3
Employer
directly
Friends
or
relatives
Other
74.8
80.4
77.6
72.2
72.4
73.9
69.1
68.6
36.1
24.6
34.2
40.1
42.8
40.0
35.8
30.0
19.9
19.1
21.0
19.2
20.5
20.4
20.4
18.6
4.5
3.3
4.2
4.4
5.5
6.1
3.9
10.0
1.66
1.44
1.69
1.70
1.74
1.83
1.60
1.57
74.7
78.1
78.6
73.9
75.1
68.1
65.4
34.7
22.3
32.3
36.5
43.7
42.1
41.3
23.4
24.3
24.4
22.0
23.0
27.7
22.9
4.3
3.2
3.4
3.6
7.1
6.8
3.4
1.70
1.42
1.73
1.75
1.86
1.91
1.69
0
O
4.7
3.3
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.5
5.6
1.61
1.45
1.64
1.65
1.62
1.76
1.41
O
O
74.9
83.2
76.6
70.6
69.9
78.9
73.8
37.5
27.1
36.2
43.5
42.0
38.2
26.2
O
0
8.5
8.4
8.5
74.4
74.2
74.5
7.3
6.7
7.9
76.8
78.0
75.8
0
8.3
5.9
9.2
8.3
7.5
13.8
7.5
O
1
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within
A-20.
12.9
Average
number of
methods
used
Placed
or
answered
ads
O
16.3
13.6
17.4
16.3
18.2
14.2
15.9
O
O
o
38.3
36.6
40.1
19.9
22.5
17.1
4.2
4.1
4.3
1.67
1.72
1.62
30.6
29.6
31.5
20.8
26.4
16.0
5.1
4.1
5.9
1.62
1.66
1.59
30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
August 1988
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason
Total 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
IM@vv entrants
Women 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
.
New entrants
. . .
. . ..
. .
.
.
.. ..
. ..
. ..
.
. ..
Total
unemployed
Total
jobseekers
6,659
2,887
1,062
1,888
5,727
2,150
1,046
1 728
822
803
3,450
1,907
2,898
1,439
559
645
338
547
580
332
3,209
979
2,829
711
503
499
1,244
1 149
483
470
Public
employment
agency
22.1
28.1
24.1
17.7
13.0
8.2
9.3
9.3
25.4
29.2
26.0
22.1
13.9
8.0
9.2
18.8
26.0
22.0
15.7
12.1
8.3
9.4
11.8
1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within
26
Private
employment
agency
7.9
4.4
6.9
8.4
3.6
7.6
4.9
Employer
directly
Placed
or
answered
ads
Friends
or
relatives
74.8
74.4
79.3
71.7
76.8
36.1
39.7
35.6
38.0
22.9
19.9
22.5
19.0
18.3
17.4
4.5
5.4
2.7
74.7
73.6
80.1
73.8
72.3
34.7
37.7
31.4
38.4
20.2
23.4
24.9
20.7
22.1
23.5
4.3
5.1
74.9
75.9
78.4
70.6
80.2
37.5
43.7
40.1
37.7
24.9
16.3
17.4
17.4
16.4
13.0
4.7
5.9
Other
4.3
5.0
2.2
4.0
5.1
3.2
4.4
4.9
Average
number of
methods
used
1.66
1.79
1.70
1.58
1.39
1.70
1.80
1.67
1.69
1.39
1.61
1.78
1.73
1.52
1.40
30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Men
Total
Industry and age
Women
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
114,527
8,141
116,737
8,140
3,370
4,771
13,839
80,247
33,536
63,730
4,184
64,876
4,282
1,804
2,478
7,324
44,736
50,797
3,956
1,744
2,213
6,652
34,247
2,924
51,861
3,858
1,566
2,292
6,515
35,511
14,729
12,578
8,203
4,784
2,935
Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Nonagricultural industries..
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
3,566
4,575
14,132
77,806
33,281
1,822
2,362
7,480
43,559
3,094
4,459
3,116
18,701
15,067
9,791
6,606
4,013
2,593
1,901
3,452
356
213
143
398
3,455
368
176
192
413
2,700
284
168
116
327
1,865
810
595
461
507
250
258
325
1,887
821
630
436
460
267
194
327
1,424
646
442
335
388
186
202
277
111,075
7,785
3,353
4,432
13,735
113,282
7,773
3,194
4,579
13,426
78,360
32,715
61,030
3,900
1,654
2,246
7,153
27,598
18,047
10,935
6,669
4,266
2,789
14,625
9,455
6,218
3,827
27,115
17,410
11,353
6,937
4,417
75,941
32,471
26,520
16,949
10,846
6,687
4,159
2,769
28,228
18,483
11,395
6,936
42,135
18,054
2,391
1,624
18,807
14,580
15,650
12,048
10,279
6,611
4,001
2,610
7,619
4,748
1,824
1,849
1,922
1,194
1,193
2,742
304
147
158
354
1,456
664
467
325
350
199
151
279
752
72
45
27
71
441
713
63
29
34
62,134
50,045
3,884
1,698
3,978
1,658
2,320
6,970
43,280
18,143
15,183
9,954
6,261
3,802
2,459
1,644
164
152
125
120
64
56
48
2,186
6,582
33,806
14,417
11,896
7,494
4,628
2,860
1,768
1,145
59
432
158
163
111
111
67
43
48
51,148
3,795
1,536
2,258
6,456
35,079
14,571
12,415
8,093
4,674
2,868
1,806
1,145
27
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men
Total
Occupation
16 years
and over
Aug.
1987
Total
Aug.
1988
16 years
and over
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Women
20 years
and over
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
16 years
and over
Aug.
1987
20 years
and over
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
114,527 116,737 63,730 64,876 59,546 60,594 50,797 51,861 46,840 48,003
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
27,750 28,980 15,524 16,069 15,415 15,963 12,225 12,911 12,088 12,800
13,791 14,575 8,514 8,787 8,468 8,744 5,277 5,788 5,218 5,738
285
341
299
341
195
281
300
627
195
495
9,529 10,115 6,305 6,494 6,260 6,453 3,225 3,622 3,178 3,586
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical
35,285 35,904 12,528 12,651 11,772 11,890 22,757 23,253 20,809 21,171
1,881
1,792
1,822
1,824 1,648 1,729 1,628
3,470 3,609
1,686
1,273
966
220
209
214
1,190
1,036
975 1,054
215
1,151
204
243
889
874
1,112
227
209
903
908
1,185
694
1,167
423
459
433
464
704
753
737
13,708 14,064
6,618 6,753 6,648 6,853 5,533 5,664
7,060 7,211
3,598 3,703 2,442
1,247
1,130
2,457 2,417 2,427 1,156
1,216
2,427
2,363
930
901
962
935
1,428 1,465 1,404 1,445
1,616
1,619
291
292
300
1,316
1,305
1,318
300
1,306
6,060 6,257
1,853 1,951 1,473 1,555 4,207 4,306 3,165 3,195
60
68
19
44
38
22
20
32
19
50
18,107 18,231
3,646 3,560 3,362 3,314 14,461 14,671 13,648 13,821
480
337
278
701
478
420
281
421
330
818
283
299
575
609
615
328
648
277
898
976
105
109
119
93 4,948 4,784 4,675 4,534
5,068 4,889
238
219
2,186
219
223 2,183 2,238 2,131
2,402 2,476
569
598
310
300
339
640
310
543
908
949
8,241 2,059 2,028 1,859 1,848 5,952 6,214 5,511 5,738
8,011
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service
15,277
5,223
29
1,704
3,490
1,314
163
1,554
459
9,364
911
304
8,149
3,268
1,698
1,288
1,894
9,296
907
380
8,010
3,189
1,705
1,331
1,784
7,879
647
237
6,995
2,481
1,619
1,200
1,695
7,981
720
314
6,947
2,444
1,624
1,241
1,637
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
14,073 13,910 12,919 12,709 12,522 12,265
4,627 4,415 4,495 4,266 4,373 4,144
5,323 5,421 5,225 5,302 4,995 5,034
4,122 4,074 3,199 3,142 3,154 3,087
1,154
133
99
923
1,201
149
120
932
1,125
131
95
899
1,165
145
115
904
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,161 18,404 13,522 13,834 12,166 12,454
4,891
4,924
4,693 4,678
8,346 8,176
4,029
3,906 3,875
7,007 6,848 4,076
2,637
2,573 2,540
3,873 3,768 2,671
1,391
1,405
1,333 1,335
3,134
3,080
1,328
1,339
848
863
787
803
4,912
4,750
4,403
4,524
4,249
4,369
3,459 3,629 3,159
3,283 3,036 3,154
1,284
1,291
1,244
1,241
1,213
1,216
5,065 5,315
4,195
4,419
3,224 3,407
1,001
935
954
734
896
809
4,314
4,130
3,299 3,465 2,490 2,598
4,639
3,422
2,931
1,203
1,728
491
347
300
46
870
40
830
4,569
3,285
2,820
1,131
1,689
465
389
346
43
896
47
849
4,370
3,293
2,833
1,166
1,667
460
336
289
47
742
33
709
4,328
3,191
2,748
1,115
1,633
443
378
336
42
759
39
720
657
196
461
631
198
433
568
191
378
558
197
360
Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
28
3,767 3,833
13,958 14,405
1,750 1,828
748
667
420
422
873
807
2,156 2,218
504
503
3,074
730
3,126
759
3,849
3,928
15,628
947
956
2,167
1,932
12,389 12,514
5,216
5,247
1,887
1,871
3,083
2,928
2,329
2,344
3,981
1,319
2,663
3,911
1,293
2,618
1,910
7,010
1,624
466
311
670
293
294
764
582
2,007
5,913
45
1,627
4,240
1,979
172
1,640
449
3,324
1,123
2,201
1,952
7,282
1,684
502
317
702
339
303
802
628
2,005
6,332
40
1,787
4,504
2,027
182
1,751
544
3,280
1,095
2,185
1,908
6,947
1,624
464
310
670
289
294
749
583
1,965
4,834
34
1,550
3,250
1,274
157
1,458
361
2,836
1,117
1,720
1,950
7,219
1,680
494
315
702
338
300
795
629
1,968
2,798
1,078
1,721
1,857
6,948
125
201
111
137
1,863
209
2,311
148
1,843
1,881
7,123
145
246
103
171
1,879
201
2,325
131
1,923
1,844
6,871
125
200
110
137
1,863
207
2,281
147
1,800
1,870
7,062
145
246
103
170
1,877
200
2,313
131
1,877
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race
Men
Women
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
114,527
100.0
116,737
100.0
63,730
100.0
64,876
100.0
50,797
100.0
51,861
100.0
24.2
12.0
12.2
30.8
3.0
12.0
15.8
13.3
.8
24.8
24.4
13.4
11.0
19.7
24.8
13.5
24.1
24.9
10.4
11.2
11.2
19.5
2.9
11.1
5.5
9.8
.1
2.8
13.7
44.8
3.2
13.1
13.7
44.8
3.3
6.9
7.7
6.9
6.6
5.2
19.6
21.3
7.5
7.0
6.8
5.1
16.0
2.3
9.1
6.7
.7
1.7
1.3
17.9
1.7
.7
15.4
2.3
8.8
6.3
.8
1.7
1.2
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
12.5
12.3
30.8
3.1
12.0
15.6
2.9
11.1
5.7
9.3
28.5
18.4
1.8
.6
13.2
28.3
1.7
10.8
12.3
15.9
7.3
4.1
4.4
3.5
13.4
.8
1.9
10.7
11.9
15.8
7.0
4.2
4.6
3.4
99,482
100.0
101,213
100.0
55,986
100.0
56,827
100.0
43,496
100.0
44,386
100.0
25.2
12.7
12.5
31.3
3.0
12.5
15.8
25.9
13.2
12.7
31.1
3.0
12.7
15.4
25.4
14.1
11.2
20.0
25.8
14.3
11.5
24.9
10.8
14.1
45.8
3.2
25.9
11.7
13.6
29.1
12.1
.7
1.6
12.2
.7
1.7
9.9
12.8
9.8
12.3
14.9
6.8
4.0
4.1
3.6
15.1
6.6
4.0
4.4
3.5
.1
2.4
5.8
21.0
20.0
7.4
6.5
6.1
5.3
11,721
100.0
11,962
100.0
15.3
6.7
8.5
26.6
2.8
7.3
16.4
15.1
7.1
8.0
.1
2.6
6.7
20.3
21.2
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
,
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
2.9
19.7
2.8
11.8
5.0
8.8
14.2
45.6
3.2
2.6
6.1
20.2
20.4
7.2
6.6
6.5
5.2
1.6
.5
15.0
2.3
8.4
6.1
.7
1.6
1.4
13.7
28.7
16.6
1.6
.7
14.4
2.3
8.2
5.9
.7
1.7
1.3
5,937
100.0
6,072
100.0
5,784
100.0
5,890
100.0
13.2
6.5
6.7
15.1
12.4
6.5
5.9
17.2
3.0
4.9
17.4
7.0
10.4
38.3
3.5
9.6
25.2
28.5
3.6
1.2
23.7
17.8
7.7
10.2
39.2
3.5
9.5
26.1
11.7
5.5
8.3
O
17.1
Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
23.1
1.8
3.0
18.3
8.5
23.8
10.6
6.0
7.2
2.7
28.0
3.3
7.1
17.6
23.0
1.7
3.1
18.1
9.1
22.4
9.8
6.3
6.3
2.4
2.1
5.1
7.9
17.9
.1
4.7
13.1
15.1
33.9
10.9
11.1
11.9
4.7
9.3
18.5
.2
4.8
13.6
15.7
32.0
10.5
11.3
10.1
4.2
1.8
13.4
10.3
.8
2.3
.6
27.6
3.3
1.4
22.8
2.4
12.5
9.1
1.3
2.2
.5
Less than 0.05 percent.
29
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
August 1988
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
T
Wage and salary workers
Age and sex
Total
Private
household Government
workers
Other
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
Wage and
salary
workers
Selfemployed
workers
Unpaid
family
workers
104,334
7,669
3,142
4,527
13,113
30,613
24,913
16,153
9,609
5,900
3,709
2,263
1,202
288
192
96
143
189
162
159
174
92
82
87
16,462
460
193
268
1,011
4,109
4,959
3,547
1,979
1,297
682
397
86,670
6,921
2,757
4,164
11,958
26,315
19,793
12,448
7,456
4,511
2,944
1,780
8,695
77
35
42
299
2,047
2,620
1,839
1,296
752
544
517
252
26
17
9
14
54
65
54
30
17
13
1,758
285
126
159
333
511
288
155
115
58
57
71
1,490
40
24
16
61
278
317
260
299
177
122
235
207
43
26
17
19
32
25
21
46
31
15
21
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
56,389
3,907
1,626
2,281
6,774
16,841
13,472
8,756
5,378
3,288
2,090
1,262
187
97
75
22
27
16
17
8
14
8
8,100
248
103
146
495
2,022
2,353
1,790
986
643
343
205
48,103
3,562
1,448
2,114
6,251
14,803
11,103
6,958
4,378
2,637
1,741
1,047
5,695
47
18
29
186
1,297
1,711
1,198
880
511
369
377
50
24
14
10
11
6
1
1
3
2
1,400
234
104
130
281
413
210
109
94
48
46
61
1,266
38
23
14
56
244
255
216
246
144
102
212
77
33
20
14
17
7
2
1
10
7
3
6
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
47,945
3,762
1,516
2,246
6,339
13,773
11,441
7,398
4,230
2,612
1,619
1,001
1,015
191
117
74
116
174
145
151
160
84
77
77
8,363
212
90
122
517
2,087
2,606
1,757
993
654
339
192
38,568
3,359
1,309
2,050
5,707
11,512
8,690
5,490
3,077
1,874
1,203
732
3,001
30
17
13
113
750
909
642
416
241
175
140
203
2
3
358
51
22
29
52
99
78
46
21
10
11
10
225
3
1
2
6
34
62
45
53
33
19
23
130
10
7
3
1
25
23
20
36
24
12
15
Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
30
3
49
65
53
27
15
12
3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
August 1988
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries
Professional services
Public administration
Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadminisPrivate
cians
trative
ployed
ProfesOther
trative,
and
Sales support, house- service1
sional
and
specialty related
including hold
manasupport
clerical
gerial
3,455
754
8,167
21,685
12,899
8,787
96
122
990
2,513
1,504
1,009
72
86
133
1,857
1,266
591
8,075
24,271
4,734
19,538
2,064
536
1,527
423
465
110
355
8,052
36,721
1,210
35,511
22,634
5,557
2,004
4,555
4,555
2,432
1,243
Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
operTransportion,
equipment
ators,
and
tation
craft,
cleaners,
assemfishing
and
and
helpers,
blers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors
15
17
64
782
371
411
15
2
52
354
208
147
40
221
4,567
4,040
2,795
1,245
5
24
83
6,848
3,768
3,080
71
114
548
793
409
384
2
47
1,103
1,252
603
649
3,031
95
523
2,425
1,386
1,039
287
224
119 10,016
39 1,794
80 8,222
2,116
2,398
875
1,523
250
4,503
78
4,425
1,266
1,525
297
1,227
100
302
130
172
1,863
989
481
508
538
1,834
354
1,480
18
58
41
17
1,941
926
1
926
127
15
3,190
5,965
18
5,947
4,194
1,422
252
7,882
79
7,803
4,072
1,372
164
1,830
8
1,822
409
257
18
760
1
759
192
37
11
448
3
445
248
75
27
462
32
430
128
50
70
500
102
398
110
96
13
26
66
719
499
219
166
2,019
12
2,008
1,641
257
210
10,425
7
10,418
9,080
733
Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers
Service
occupations
947
947
36
101
89
12
Includes protective service, not shown separately.
A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1
Total
Reason not working and sex
Aug.
1987
Total, 16 years and over ....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons
11,522
9,113
1,267
35
32
1,074
Aug.
1988
11,943
9,435
1,293
46
41
1,128
Paid absences
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
11,346
11,760
9,025
9,311
1,228
1,277
36
19
32
1,042
41
1,095
Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
4,985
3,843
686
456
5,181
3,983
674
524
4,859
5,041
3,779
651
428
3,884
662
495
Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3
6,537
5,270
581
686
6,762
5,452
619
6,487
5,245
577
664
6,719
5,427
616
677
691
Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2
Unpaid absences
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
6,482
5,758
479
6,624
4,109
5,833
500
2,782
667
4,261
2,919
693
()
659
648
1,291
743
336
212
1,446
854
353
239
2,818
2,039
2,816
2,065
341
410
()
245
291
3,186
2,818
268
3,150
2,762
265
101
122
3,294
3,473
3,069
235
2,941
210
144
169
331
448
3
Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.
31
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27.
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
August 1988
Thousands of persons
Hours of work
All
industries
Agriculture
Percent distribution
Nonagricultural
industries
All
industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
104,794
3,272
101,522
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours
23,012
632
3,463
11,654
7,263
859
38
197
405
219
22,154
595
3,266
11,249
7,044
22.0
.6
3.3
11.1
6.9
26.3
1.2
6.0
12.4
6.7
21.8
.6
3.2
11.1
6.9
35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over
81,782
7,071
43,080
31,631
11,391
11,397
8,843
2,412
149
707
1,556
260
433
863
79,368
6,921
42,373
30,074
11,130
10,964
7,980
78.0
6.7
41.1
30.2
10.9
10.9
8.4
73.7
4.6
21.6
47.6
7.9
13.2
26.4
78.2
6.8
41.7
29.6
11.0
10.8
7.9
39.9
43.7
45.4
52.3
39.7
43.5
Total, 16 years and over
Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules
A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
Augus t 1988
Nonagricultural industries
All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
32
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
Total
Usually
work
full time
Usually
work
part time
23,012
7,260
15,752
22,154
7,000
15,153
5,559
2,274
66
268
114
2,837
1,763
1,316
66
268
114
-
3,796
958
-
5,291
2,117
61
263
109
2,742
1,675
1,243
61
263
109
3,616
874
-
17,452
9,584
2,487
1,221
259
12
70
1,516
2,303
5,495
2,487
1,055
259
12
70
_
1,613
11,957
9,584
166
_
5,325
2,451
1,046
186
11
68
_
1,562
11,537
9,270
158
-
_
1,516
690
16,862
9,270
2,451
1,204
186
11
68
1,484
2,186
22.1
22.1
24.1
25.5
21.2
20.5
22.2
22.2
24.2
25.6
21.3
20.6
1,718
5,545
778
2,723
940
2,822
1,639
5,405
744
2,660
895
2,745
2,837
2,742
_
1,484
624
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Industry
Total
at
work
On part
time
for
economic
reasons
On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or more
or less
hours
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
101,522
5,291
11,537
84,694
54,620
11,130
18,944
39.7
43.5
93,372
4,727
10,170
78,475
51,860
10,549
16,066
39.6
43.1
666
10
647
370
100
177
44.2
44.8
6,285
409
247
5,629
3,633
778
1,218
41.0
43.2
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
19,603
11,661
7,942
520
168
352
537
226
311
18,546
11,267
7,279
11,794
7,094
4,700
3,019
1,783
1,236
3,733
2,390
1,343
42.2
42.7
41.4
43.2
43.4
43.1
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
6,981
20,694
6,990
221
1,767
154
349
3,975
628
6,411
14,952
6,208
4,082
9,283
4,260
857
2,155
751
1,472
3,514
1,197
42.3
37.6
40.2
44.2
43.6
42.6
Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration
27,046
1,132
25,914
5,107
1,581
257
1,324
66
4,225
444
3,781
201
21,240
431
20,809
4,840
14,862
275
14,587
3,572
2,375
39
2,336
513
4,003
117
3,886
755
37.8
26.6
38.3
41.1
42.6
45.5
42.5
42.2
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
7,898
252
558
8
1,279
88
6,061
156
2,682
78
574
7
2,805
71
41.2
38.5
48.1
48.6
Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
33
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Sex, age, race, and marital status
Total
at
work
On part
time for
economic
reasons
On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time
Total
40 hours
or less
41 hours
or more
Average
hours,
total
at work
Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules
TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
101,522
7,310
2,972
4,338
94,212
12,694
81,518
53,860
25,182
2,477
5,291
1,232
590
642
4,059
982
3,077
1,998
956
124
11,537
2,533
1,448
1,085
9,004
1,348
7,657
4,025
2,482
1,150
84,694
3,545
934
2,611
81,149
10,364
70,784
47,837
21,744
1,203
54,620
2,811
792
2,020
51,808
7,313
44,495
29,551
14,125
817
30,074
734
142
591
29,341
3,051
26,289
18,286
7,619
386
39.7
30.5
26.1
33.4
40.5
38.6
40.7
41.3
40.5
30.0
43.5
40.3
39.3
40.7
43.6
42.2
43.8
43.8
43.7
43.1
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
57,093
3,745
1,558
2,186
53,348
6,681
46,668
30,649
14,540
1,479
2,436
608
327
281
1,827
478
1,347
899
378
71
3,371
1,144
695
449
2,227
506
1,720
538
553
630
51,286
1,993
536
1,456
49,294
5,697
43,601
29,212
13,609
778
29,586
1,512
454
1,057
28,074
3,674
24,405
15,871
8,041
491
21,700
481
82
399
21,220
2,023
19,196
13,341
5,568
287
42.5
31.8
27.2
35.0
43.2
40.4
43.6
44.3
43.3
31.6
44.8
40.9
39.7
41.3
45.0
43.5
45.2
45.4
44.8
43.9
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
44,429
3,566
1,414
2,152
40,863
6,013
34,850
23,211
10,641
998
2,856
624
263
361
2,232
504
1,729
1,098
578
53
8,166
1,389
753
636
6,777
841
5,936
3,486
1,930
520
33,407
1,553
398
1,155
31,854
4,668
27,185
18,627
8,133
425
25,034
1,300
338
962
23,733
3,640
20,092
13,683
6,083
325
8,373
253
60
193
8,121
1,028
7,093
4,944
2,050
100
36.3
29.1
24.9
31.8
36.9
36.5
37.0
37.5
36.8
27.6
41.3
39.6
38.7
39.9
41.4
40.7
41.5
41.4
41.7
41.6
White, 16 years and over
Men
Women
87,756
49,871
37,884
4,303
1,973
2,331
10,252
2,908
7,344
73,201
44,990
28,209
45,767
25,047
20,718
27,434
19,943
7,491
39.9
42.8
36.2
43.7
45.1
41.4
Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women
10,548
5,440
5,108
822
400
422
969
338
632
8,757
4,702
4,054
6,893
3,478
3,413
1,864
1,224
641
38.1
39.5
36.5
41.5
42.3
40.5
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
35,488
5,734
15,871
892
239
1,305
1,229
230
1,912
33,367
5,265
12,654
18,236
2,969
8,382
15,131
2,296
4,272
44.0
43.2
38.9
45.4
45.1
43.2
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
23,283
8,742
12,404
1,142
523
1,190
4,901
1,037
2,228
17,240
7,182
8,986
13,014
5,187
6,835
4,226
1,995
2,151
35.8
38.2
35.8
41.1
41.9
41.2
RACE
MARITAL STATUS
34
HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1988
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules
On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex
Total, 16 years and over1
Total
at
work
101,099
On part
time for
economic
reasons
On
voluntary
part
time
Total
40
hours
or less
5,208
11,449
84,443
54,359
11,100
18,984
39.8
43.5
486
190
296
1,875
638
21,941
1,237
4,796
307
2,248
2,242
9,424
26,554
12,289
6,525
5,765
3,296
341
134
2,822
415
1,067
268
9,408
347
3,789
18,293
2,114
5,302
10,877
6,795
224
1,070
5,501
7,381
9,601
4,828
2,032
2,741
2,811
1,652
1,159
3,211
388
1,300
1,522
1,021
31
275
714
1,874
2,183
1,116
569
498
6,841
4,341
2,501
5,050
497
3,269
1,284
1,592
92
425
1,075
2,641
2,860
933
1,377
550
42.4
44.3
40.2
38.5
40.2
39.6
37.3
35.1
27.2
42.8
34.5
42.1
40.7
40.6
44.5
37.3
44.8
45.8
43.4
42.6
42.4
45.4
40.7
42.6
45.1
45.0
41.9
43.8
43.4
42.2
46.8
42.0
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
24,302
13,345
10,957
32,845
3,350
12,985
16,510
14,221
885
1,956
11,381
12,873
16,858
7,535
4,376
4,946
1,495
45
866
584
1,517
197
51
1,269
563
1,146
390
229
527
1
56,594
2,350
3,264
50,979
29,284
7,155
14,540
42.6
44.9
14,274
8,127
6,147
11,810
1,775
6,724
3,311
5,911
40
553
244
309
808
13,532
7,805
5,727
1,644
975
669
1,468
230
843
396
568
1,639
4,232
189
78
111
336
20
207
108
508
15
33
460
11,823
12,776
4,524
4,137
4,115
250
318
1,739
1,737
759
555
423
5,204
3,314
1,890
3,326
353
2,518
455
912
7
391
513
2,538
2,560
733
1,336
491
44.8
46.2
43.1
43.1
42.4
44.8
40.0
38.7
(2)
43.8
36.8
42.4
41.6
42.1
44.9
37.6
46.2
47.3
44.8
45.4
43.6
47.4
42.2
44.0
(2)
45.7
43.1
44.0
44.1
43.1
46.9
42.3
Men, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
169
630
12,517
2,999
9,871
13,684
1,770
7,290
11,896
14,644
6,877
3,978
518
799
149
196
455
71
489
248
882
11
99
772
316
705
82
141
482
10,988
11,272
4,293
3,800
3,179
6,684
3,516
3,168
5,871
1,101
2,667
2,104
3,042
7
866
2,169
6,711
6,976
2,802
1,909
2,264
44,506
2,857
8,185
33,463
25,075
3,945
4,444
36.3
41.3
10,028
5,218
4,810
297
1,322
112
394
185
1,159
24
659
476
928
3,988
236
8,409
4,712
3,697
1,010
2,414
329
35
2,050
15,888
1,315
3,844
10,729
4,886
333
264
4,289
98
362
186
28
908
3,372
2,584
178
148
610
5,605
3,008
2,596
12,422
1,013
2,635
8,773
3,753
217
204
3,332
670
2,625
2,026
123
476
1,167
677
490
1,743
159
457
1,127
453
31
26
396
136
446
357
14
74
1,637
1,027
610
1,724
143
751
829
680 |
84
34
561
102
301
200
41
59
39.0
41.3
36.5
36.0
37.8
34.1
36.6
32.6
27.2
37.2
33.1
39.1
37.8
38.4
37.3
35.6
42.4
43.3
41.3
40.8
40.9
42.2
40.3
41.3
45.0
40.9
41.1
41.7
40.9
40.7
43.7
40.7
21,035
1,575
6,261
13,199
8,310
845
317
7,148
1,050
4,082
3,012
239
831
183
18
809
44
347
242
33
72
1,758
1,994
10,666
1,684
6,027
2,955
4,521
14
1,506
3,001
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988
1987
Employment status and sex
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug
185,571
122,924
66.2
115,878
62.4
1,749
114,129
3,293
110,836
7,046
5.7
62,647
185,705
123,084
66.3
116,145
62.5
1,736
114,409
3,228
111,182
6,938
5.6
62,621
185,847
122,639
66.0
115,839
62.3
1,736
114,103
3,204
110,899
6,801
5.5
63,208
185,964
123,055
66.2
116,445
62.6
1,732
114,713
3,228
111,485
6,610
5.4
62,909
186,088
122,692
65.9
115,909
62.3
1,714
114,195
3,035
111,160
6,783
5.5
63,396
186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115,018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090
186,402
123,357
66.2
116,732
62.6
1,673
115,059
3,046
112,014
6,625
5.4
63,045
186,522
123,723
66.3
116,872
62.7
1,692
115,180
3,151
112,029
6,851
5.5
62,799
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
184,738
122,042
66.1
114,786
62.1
1,736
113,050
3,143
109,907
7,256
5.9
62,696
184,904 185,052 185,225 185,370
121,706 122,128 122,349 122,472
66.1
66.1
66.0
65.8
114,615 114,951 115,259 115,494
62.3
62.2
62.1
62.0
1,755 1,750
1,743 1,741
112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744
3,249 3,172 3,215
3,184
109,688 109,961 110,332 110,529
7,091 7,177 7,090 6,978
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.8
63,198 62,924 62,876 62,898
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
88,598 88,683
67,937 67,776
76.4
76.7
63,916 63,949
72.1
72.1
1,575 1,581
62,341 62,368
4,021 3,827
5.6
5.9
20,661 20,907
88,756 88,849 88,924 89,033 89,099 89,168 89,225 89,287 89,367 89,445 89,504
67,947 68,019 68,030 68,243 68,343 68,148 68,445 68,318 68,429 68,521 68,723
76.6
76.5
76.6
76.8
76.6
76.6
76.5
76.7
76.4
76.7
76.6
64,048 64,174 64,245 64,396 64,636 64,332 64,892 64,583 64,934 65,002 64,954
72.3
72.2
72.2
72.6
72.7
72.7
72.3
72.7
72.1
72.5
72.2
1,580 1,593 1,589 1,588 1,577 1,573 1,569 1,553 1,523 1,512 1,529
62,468 62,581 62,656 62,808 63,059 62,759 63,323 63,030 63,411 63,490 63,425
3,899 3,845 3,785 3,847 3,707 3,816 3,553 3,736 3,495 3,519 3,768
5.6
5.5
5.1
5.2
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.1
5.5
20,809 20,830 20,894 20,790 20,756 21,020 20,780 20,969 20,938 20,924 20,781
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
96,140 96,221 96,295 96,376
54,105 53,930 54,181 54,330
56.4
56.3
56.0
56.3
50,870 50,666 50,903 51,085
52.7
52.9
53.0
52.9
162
161
162
161
50,709 50,504 50,742 50,923
3,235 3,264 3,278 3,245
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.1
42,035 42,291 42,114 42,046
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
1
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
36
96,446
54,442
56.4
51,249
53.1
161
51,088
3,193
96,679
54,491
56.4
51,507
53.3
163
51,344
2,985
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.9
42,004 41,857 41,866 42,188
96,538
54,681
56.6
51,482
53.3
161
51,321
3,200
96,606
54,740
56.7
51,509
53.3
159
51,350
3,231
96,739
54,610
56.5
51,553
53.3
163
51,390
3,057
5.6
42,129
96,801
54,374
56.2
51,327
53.0
161
51,166
3,047
5.6
42,427
96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
2,960 3,106
5.7
5.4
42,152 42,121
96,880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
97,018
55,000
56.7
51,918
53.5
163
51,755
3,083
5.6
42,018
Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1987
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
1988
Nov.
Dec,
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
183,002 183,161 183,311 183,470 183,620 183,822 183,969 184,111 184,232 184,374 184,562 184,729 184,830
120,306 119,963 120,387 120,594 120,722 121,175 121,348 120,903 121,323 120,978 121,472 121,684 122,031
66.0
65.9
65.8
65.6
65.7
65.7
65.7
65.9
65.7
66.0
65.9
65.5
65.7
113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180
62.3
62.3
62.3
61.9
61.9
61.9
61.8
62.3
62.0
62.2
62.1
61.6
61.8
7,256 7,091 7,177 7,090 6,978 7,046 6,938 6,801 6,610 6,783 6,455 6,625 6,851
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
79,668 79,740 79,807 79,885 80,002 80,120 80,203
62,083 62,085 62,211 62,299 62,248 62,440 62,696
77.8
78.0
78.0
77.9
78.2
77.9
77.9
58,825 58,967 59,037 59,164 59,185 59,287 59,625
74.3
74.0
74.1
74.0
73.9
74.0
73.8
2,289 2,345 2,343 2,297 2,298 2,323 2,280
56,536 56,622 56,694 56,867 56,887 56,964 57,344
3,258 3,118 3,174 3,135 3,063 3,154
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.2
17,585 17,655 17,596 17,586 17,754 17,680
80,260 80,326 80,402 80,526
62,497 62,791 62,662 62,667
77.8
77.9
77.9
78.2
59,407 59,883 59,590 59,797
74.0
74.3
74.5
74.1
2,253 2,255 2,181 2,208
57,154 57,627 57,409 57,588
3,071 3,089 2,909 3,072 2,870
4.9
4.9
4.6
4.6
4.9
17,507 17,763 17,535 17,740 17,859
80,608 80,669
62,769 62,925
78.0
77.9
59,954 59,834
74.2
74.4
2,247 2,311
57,706 57,523
2,815 3,090
4.9
4.5
17,839 17,744
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
88,685
49,969
56.3
47,308
53.3
609
46,699
2,661
5.3
38,716
88,785
49,922
56.2
47,251
53.2
600
46,651
2,671
5.4
38,863
88,843
50,095
56.4
47,480
53.4
636
46,844
2,615
5.2
38,748
89,010
50,361
56.6
47,750
53.6
643
47,107
2,611
5.2
38,669 38,649
88,923
50,254
56.5
47,634
53.6
636
46,998
2,620
5.2
89,110 89,178 89,261 89,307
50,558 50,640 50,542 50,612
56.7
56.6
56.8
56.7
47,977 48,005 48,132 48,170
53.9
53.9
53.8
53.8
692
656
654
646
47,331 47,351 47,476 47,478
2,581 2,635 2,411 2,442
4.8
4.8
5.2
5.1
38,552 38,538 38,719 38,695
89,382
50,441
56.4
47,960
53.7
587
47,373
2,481
4.9
38,941
89,502 89,588 89,670
50,642 50,775 50,934
56.8
56.7
56.6
48,169 48,199 48,466
54.0
53.8
53.8
586
542
616
47,553 47,657 47,881
2,473 2,576 2,468
4.8
4.9
5.1
38,860 38,813 38,736
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
14,649 14,637 14,661 14,663 14,609 14,592 14,588 14,591 14,598 14,590 14,534 14,533 14,491
8,254 7,956 8,081 8,041 8,113 8,177 8,011 7,865 7,919 7,875 8,163 8,141 8,172
56.4
56.2
56.0
54.0
53.9
54.2
54.9
56.0
55.5
54.8
55.1
54.4
56.3
6,917 6,654 6,693 6,706 6,809 6,865 6,779 6,564 6,660 6,645 7,051 6,907 6,879
47.5
48.5
47.5
45.5
45.6
45.0
46.5
46.6
45.7
45.7
47.0
45.5
47.2
254
257
260
267
295
274
270
280
293
323
239
239
245
6,672 6,415 6,423 6,467 6,535 6,542 6,486 6,269 6,380 6,378 6,791 6,650 6,625
1,337 1,302 1,388 1,335 1,304 1,312 1,232 1,301 1,259 1,230 1,112 1,234 1,293
13.6
15.8
15.2
15.6
15.9
16.5
15.4
16.1
17.2
16.4
16.0
16.6
16.2
6,395 6,681 6,580 6,622 6,496 6,415 6,577 6,726 6,679 6,715 6,371 6,392 6,319
I
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
37
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987
Employment status,
1988
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
157,134 157,242 157,342 157,449 157,552 157,676 157,773 157,868 157,943 158,034 158,166 158,279 158,340
103,516 103,357 103,669 103,731 103,907 104,252 104,530 104,171 104,574 104,209 104,691 104,603 105,007
65.9
66.2
66.0
66.3
66.1
66.2
66.0
66.3
66.1
65.9
65.9
65.7
65.9
98,181 98,069 98,317 98,492 98,779 99,044 99,474 99,274 99,751 99,297 99,932 99,725 99,901
62.7
63.1
63.0
63.2
62.8
63.2
62.9
62.8
62.6
62.5
62.4
63.0
62.5
5,335 5,288 5,352 5,239 5,128 5,208 5,056 4,897 4,824 4,913 4,759 4,878 5,106
4.7
5.0
4.9
4.7
4.6
4.9
5.1
5.2
4.5
4.7
4.8
5.1
5.2
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
54,183 54,213 54,375 54,381 54,368 54,455 54,650 54,522 54,699 54,618 54,662 54,732 54,825
78.2
78.3
78.5
78.3
78.3
78.4
78.2
78.4
78.2
78.2
78.5
78.3
78.2
51,715 51,803 51,864 51,969 52,046 52,053 52,389 52,245 52,538 52,314 52,491 52,603 52,464
75.4
74.9
74.8
74.9
74.7
75.0
75.2
74.8
75.0
75.2
75.1
75.0
74.7
2,468 2,410 2,511 2,412 2,322 2,402 2,260 2,277 2,161 2,304 2,171 2,129 2,361
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.6
4.4
4.3
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
42,332 42,308 42,379 42,464 42,569 42,710 42,915 42,841 42,986 42,827 42,921 42,887 43,177
55.8
55.7
55.8
56.4
56.1
56.2
56.1
56.2
56.3
56.1
56.3
55.9
55.7
40,449 40,409 40,538 40,606 40,712 40,896 40,985 41,183 41,297 41,104 41,183 41,040 41,399
53.4
53.2
53.8
53.7
53.3
54.1
53.7
54.1
54.0
53.8
53.5
53.3
53.9
1,883 1,899 1,841 1,858 1,857 1,813 1,930 1,658 1,689 1,723 1,738 1,847 1,778
4.4
4.5
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.1
4.3
3.9
3.9
4.5
4.4
4.3
4.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
7,001
58.5
6,017
50.3
984
14.1
15.2
12.9
6,836
57.2
5,857
49.0
979
14.3
15.1
13.4
6,915
57.9
5,915
49.5
1,000
14.5
15.1
13.8
6,886
57.7
5,917
49.6
969
14.1
14.8
13.3
6,970
58.6
6,021
50.6
949
13.6
14.9
12.3
7,087
59.6
6,095
51.2
992
14.0
14.4
13.6
6,965
58.6
6,100
51.3
865
12.4
12.2
12.7
6,807
57.2
5,845
49.1
962
14.1
15.7
12.4
58.0
5,916
49.8
973
14.1
14.5
13.7
6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
885
13.1
13.8
12.4
7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1
6,983
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1
7,005
59.2
6,038
51.0
967
13.8
13.8
13.8
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20,396 20,426 20,453 20,482 20,508 20,539 20,569 20,596 20,622 20,650 20,683 20,715 20,736
13,150 13,028 13,152 13,193 13,215 13,222 13,168 13,098 13,078 13,069 12,989 13,293 13,262
64.5
63.3
63.4
64.4
64.4
64.4
64.3
63.8
64.0
64.2
62.8
63.6
64.0
11,513 11,421 11,556 11,589 11,605 11,608 11,504 11,420 11,482 11,452 11,489 11,774 11,764
56.4
55.5
55.7
56.5
56.6
56.6
56.5
55.9
56.7
56.8
55.5
55.4
55.9
1,637 1,607 1,596 1,604 1,610 1,614 1,663 1,678 1,597 1,617 1,500 1,519 1,498
12.4
12.4
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.3
11.4
11.5
12.2
11.3
12.8
12.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,472
67.1
694
11.3
6,127
75.0
5,429
66.4
699
11.4
6,163
75.3
5,511
67.3
652
10.6
6,107
74.5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8
6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0
6,070
73.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5
6,154
74.7
5,566
67.6
588
9.6
6,131
59.9
5,495
53.7
636
10.4
6,136
59.9
5,465
53.3
671
10.9
6,093
59.4
5,407
52.7
686
11.3
6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6
6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7
6,307
61.2
5,650
54.8
657
10.4
6,182
59.9
5,572
54.0
610
9.9
6,054
74.9
5,407
66.9
647
10.7
6,032
74.5
5,421
67.0
611
10.1
6,023
74.3
5,431
67.0
592
9.8
6,045
74.5
5,430
66.9
615
10.2
6,043
74.3
5,430
66.8
613
10.1
6,115
75.0
5,497
67.5
618
10.1
6,166
75.6
6,122
60.3
5,430
53.5
692
11.3
6,067
59.7
5,357
52.7
710
11.7
6,177
60.7
5,495
54.0
682
11.0
6,207
60.9
5,537
54.3
670
10.8
6,224
61.0
5,544
54.3
680
10.9
6,244
61.1
5,550
54.3
694
11.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
38
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
1988
1987
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
May
Apr.
June
July
Aug.
BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of DODulation
pmnioved
EmDlovment-DODulation ratio2
Unemployed
UnemDlovment rate
Men
Women
974
929
952
941
948
863
870
44.9
42.8
43.8
43.3
43.7
39.8
40.0
676
643
630
622
631
561
537
31.2
298
30.6
33.7
27.1
29.6
286
30.8
31.5
30.0
29.0
322
33.8
32.5
35.2
28.6
319
33.9
32.2
35.8
29.1
317
33.4
33.5
33.4
25.8
302
35.0
35.1
34.9
24.7
333
38.3
42.0
34.7
834
38.3
526
24.2
308
36.9
39.0
35.0
903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6
822
37.7
564
25.9
258
31.4
27.6
35.5
852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9
917
42.0
632
28.9
285
31.1
30.4
31.8
926
42.4
626
28.7
300
32.4
32.2
32.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional DODulation1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Pmnioved
EmDlovment-DODulation ratio2
Unemployed ..
UnemDlovment rate
12,925 12,965 13,003 13,043 13,082 13,115 13,153 13,192 13,230 13,268 13,306 13,344 13,381
8,549 8,581 8,654 8,763 8,772 8,879 9,017 8,803 8,828 8,859 9,027 8,984 8,935
66.8
67.3
67.8
66.8
66.7
66.7
68.6
67.7
67.1
67.2
66.6
66.2
66.1
7,856 7,877 7,935 7,978 8,058 8,238 8,268 8,079 8,010 8,058 8,219 8,264 8,185
61.9
61.8
60.5
61.2
60.7
62.9
61.2
62.8
61.6
61.2
61.0
60.8
60.8
724
750
720
809
818
749
801
642
714
785
719
704
693
8.3
7.2
8.4
8.0
9.0
9.0
9.3
8.2
8.1
9.0
8.3
8.2
8.1
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
' Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988
1987
Category
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug
CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180
40,308 40,404 40,556 40,645 40,711 40,404 40,475 40,481 40,459 40,267 40,485 40,535 40,505
28,189 28,069 28,099 28,175 28,249 28,441 28,707 28,805 28,859 28,567 28,713 28,654 28,832
6,107 6,151
6,178 6,237 6,227 6,168 6,157 6,160 6,055 5,957 6,085 6,145 6,282
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,591
1,393
155
1,624
1,415
139
1,705
1,430
140
1,595
1,407
155
1,599
1,450
156
1,666
1,454
138
1,677
1,414
114
1,648
1,423
142
1,678
1,385
155
1,526
1,346
159
1,562
1,359
167
1,539
1,346
148
1,580
1,416
163
101,241
16,794
84,447
1,175
83,272
8,214
248
101,282
16,928
84,354
1,100
83,254
8,204
297
101,522
17,033
84,489
1,222
83,267
8,274
242
101,943
17,118
84,825
1,286
83,539
8,222
235
101,997
17,064
84,933
1,200
83,733
8,280
248
102,507
17,197
85,310
1,147
84,163
8,150
237
102,683
16,948
85,735
1,170
84,565
8,312
228
102,279
16,908
85,371
1,175
84,196
8,366
248
102,538
17,015
85,523
1,092
84,431
8,637
281
101,927
16,887
85,040
1,156
83,884
8,917
307
103,000
17,064
85,935
1,150
84,786
8,577
301
103,133
16,959
86,174
1,123
85,051
8,528
255
103,097
17,112
85,984
1,108
84,877
8,491
243
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,283 5,261
5,353 5,534 5,262 5,367 5,566 5,343 5,194 4,844 5,317 5,382 5,181
2,468 2,213 2,377 2,408 2,284 2,396 2,478 2,520 2,236 2,227 2,364 2,490 2,318
2,526 2,683 2,655 2,696 2,638 2,640 2,598 2,535 2,502 2,315 2,637 2,581 2,491
14,573 14,415 14,488 14,523 14,711 14,571 14,572 14,603 15,016 14,790 14,507 15,070 15,021
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,016 4,986 5,067 5,241
5,004 5,145 5,254 5,106 4,924 4,623 5,076 5,185 4,959
2,265 2,034 2,196 2,209 2,111 2,260 2,327 2,325 2,121 2,120 2,199 2,351 2,178
2,463 2,603 2,557 2,597 2,552 2,566 2,457 2,475 2,397 2,236 2,566 2,545 2,429
14,099 13,987 14,011 14,064 14,222 14,096 14,123 14,141 14,592 14,338 14,083 14,669 14,585
' Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
39
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987
Sex and age
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Sept.
Oct.
1988
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
113,050 112,872 113,210 113,504 113,744 114,129 114,409 114,103 114,713 114,195 115,018 115,059 115,180
20,475 20,116 20,096 20,065 20,112
6,917 6,654 6,693 6,706 6,809
2,849 2,754 2,768 2,734 2,826
3,996 3,911 3,936 3,985 3,994
13,558 13,462 13,403 13,359 13,303
92,606 92,735 93,071 93,424 93,625
78,202 78,307 78,477 78,731 78,916
14,498 14,491 14,641 14,663 14,716
20,312 20,271 19,916
6,865 6,779 6,564
2,776 2,752 2,657
4,061 4,045 3,906
13,447 13,491 13,353
93,778 94,118 94,239
79,170 79,351 79,588
14,581 14,673 14,566
19,990 19,773 20,404
6,660 6,645 7,051
2,682 2,649 2,820
3,967 3,995 4,227
13,330 13,128 13,353
94,686 94,359 94,592
79,946 79,920 80,088
14,712 14,438 14,542
20,159 20,153
6,907 6,879
2,691 2,645
4,210 4,170
13,253 13,273
95,016 95,119
80,481 80,657
14,469 14,553
62,341 62,368 62,468 62,581 62,656 62,808 63,059 62,759 63,323 63,030 63,411 63,490 63,425
10,586 10,448 10,403 10,370 10,369 10,456 10,444 10,349 10,427 10,351 10,591 10,446 10,508
3,516 3,401 3,431 3,417 3,471 3,521 3,434 3,352 3,440 3,439 3,614 3,537 3,591
1,410 1,391 1,409 1,390 1,451 1,444 1,406 1,376 1,397 1,369 1,418 1,388 1,392
2,046 2,021 2,034 2,040 2,035 2,053 2,046 1,982 2,042 2,068 2,184 2,150 2,149
7,070 7,047 6,972 6,953 6,898 6,935 7,010 6,998 6,987 6,912 6,977 6,910 6,917
51,781 51,900 52,047 52,210 52,299 52,338 52,623 52,469 52,862 52,654 52,793 53,064 52,972
43,289 43,408 43,488 43,592 43,690 43,848 43,992 43,975 44,336 44,175 44,278 44,541 44,463
8,503 8,514 8,580 8,605 8,629 8,470 8,567 8,467 8,530 8,466 8,542 8,534 8,529
50,709 50,504 50,742 50,923 51,088 51,321 51,350 51,344 51,390 51,166 51,607 51,569 51,755
9,889
3,401
1,439
1,950
9,668
3,253
1,363
1,890
6,415
6,488
40,825 40,835
34,913 34,899
5,995
5,977
9,693 9,695 9,743 9,857 9,826 9,567 9,563 9,422 9,814 9,713 9,645
3,262 3,289 3,338 3,344 3,345 3,212 3,220 3,206 3,438 3,370 3,288
1,359 1,344 1,375 1,332 1,346 1,281 1,285 1,280 1,402 1,303 1,253
1,902 1,945 1,959 2,008 1,999 1,924 1,925 1,927 2,043 2,060 2,021
6,431 6,406 6,405 6,513 6,481 6,355 6,343 6,216 6,376 6,343 6,357
41,024 41,214 41,326 41,440 41,495 41,770 41,824 41,705 41,798 41,953 42,147
34,989 35,139 35,226 35,322 35,359 35,613 35,610 35,745 35,809 35,939 36,194
6,061 6,058 6,087 6,111 6,106 6,099 6,182 5,972 5,999 5,935 6,024
A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
40
1988
1987
Sex and age
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
7,256
7,091
7,177
7,090
6,978
7,046
6,938
6,801
6,610
6,783
6,455
6,625
6,851
2,736
1,337
638
688
1,399
4,544
4,050
483
2,692
1,302
618
701
1,390
4,445
3,931
499
2,689
1,388
710
679
1,301
4,482
3,993
474
2,641
1,335
649
691
1,306
4,442
3,909
513
2,547
1,304
613
688
1,243
4,412
3,939
488
2,659
1,312
638
689
1,347
4,393
3,896
527
2,525
1,232
580
655
1,293
4,416
3,926
499
2,637
1,301
568
732
1,336
4,161
3,730
441
2,532
1,259
580
658
1,273
4,082
3,625
446
2,519
1,230
509
720
1,289
4,251
3,744
520
2,341
1,112
512
627
1,229
4,077
3,654
442
2,468
1,234
569
630
1,234
4,150
3,691
461
2,513
1,293
607
671
1,220
4,358
3,871
476
4,021
3,827
3,899
3,845
3,785
3,847
3,707
3,816
3,553
3,736
3,495
3,519
3,768
1,518
763
363
387
755
2,528
2,215
302
1,435
709
341
382
726
2,427
2,139
283
1,432
725
372
354
707
2,462
2,182
277
1,414
710
356
355
704
2,419
2,109
313
1,378
722
347
367
656
2,390
2,112
282
1,456
693
348
360
763
2,391
2,070
351
1,333
636
285
354
697
2,390
2,095
305
1,423
727
313
414
696
2,385
2,089
299
1,315
644
291
352
671
2,243
1,951
276
1,354
664
275
388
690
2,363
2,051
323
1,247
625
290
360
622
2,235
1,940
279
1,334
704
302
370
630
2,174
1,906
275
1,359
678
297
371
681
2,426
2,118
301
3,235
3,264
3,278
3,245
3,193
3,200
3,231
2,985
3,057
3,047
2,960
3,106
3,083
1,218
574
275
301
644
2,016
1,835
181
1,257
593
277
319
664
2,018
1,792
216
1,257
663
338
325
594
2,020
1,811
197
1,227
625
293
336
602
2,023
1,800
200
1,169
582
266
321
587
2,022
1,827
206
1,203
619
290
329
584
2,002
1,826
175
1,192
596
295
301
596
2,026
1,831
194
1,214
574
255
318
640
1,776
1,641
142
1,217
615
289
306
602
1,838
1,674
170
1,166
566
234
332
600
1,888
1,693
197
1,094
487
222
267
607
1,842
1,714
163
1,134
530
267
260
604
1,976
1,785
186
1,154
615
310
300
539
1,933
1,753
175
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1987
1988
Sex and age
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Dec.
Jan.
Mar.
Feb.
Apr.
June
May
July
Aug.
6.0
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.6
11.8
11.8
11.2
17.2
20.4
14.7
8.8
4.6
4.8
3.1
15.9
17.8
14.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
11.3
15.6
16.1
15.3
9.1
4.5
4.7
3.5
13.9
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.3
11.7
16.5
17.6
15.8
9.1
4.2
4.5
2.9
10.3
13.6
15.4
14.8
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.4
17.8
14.7
8.5
4.5
4.8
3.2
11.1
15.4
17.4
4.1
4.4
2.9
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5
10.9
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
11.1
15.8
19.2
11.6
16.0
18.7
14.5
11.2
16.4
18.3
15.2
9.4
4.6
4.8
3.3
11.6
16.6
2.9
3.1
18.7
13.9
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2
6.1
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.6
12.5
12.1
17.3
12.1
17.4
12.2
16.4
11.3
15.6
16.9
14.7
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4
12.1
17.8
18.5
17.3
11.2
15.8
20.9
14.8
12.0
17.2
20.4
14.8
9.2
4.4
4.6
3.5
11.7
19.7
11.6
16.2
16.7
15.8
10.5
14.7
17.0
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2
11.3
16.6
17.9
14.7
8.4
11.5
15.9
17.6
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.5
3.4
16.1
17.2
19.3
15.3
8.7
4.4
4.6
3.2
19.4
14.9
9.9
4.4
4.5
4.0
17.2
12.9
8.4
4.9
3.4
15.9
9.3
4.5
4.7
3.2
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
5.6
11.0
14.4
16.0
13.4
9.0
4.7
5.0
2.9
11.5
15.4
11.5
16.9
10.8
15.1
18.0
11.3
15.2
16.6
14.2
9.1
4.1
4.4
2.3
11.3
11.0
15.0
15.5
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2
10.0
12.4
13.7
10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.0
10.7
15.8
19.9
14.6
8.5
4.7
4.9
3.1
10.7
14.8
16.2
14.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.3
10.9
16.9
14.4
11.2
16.0
17.9
14.7
8.6
4.7
4.9
3.2
15.9
9.6
4.7
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Nov.
Oct.
11.8
16.2
18.3
14.7
9.4
4.7
4.9
3.2
17.8
20.5
Women, 16 years and over
Sept.
9.4
4.7
4.9
3.5
9.2
4.5
4.8
3.1
15.6
17.9
14.1
8.2
4.6
4.9
2.8
9.1
4.3
4.5
3.4
13.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.1
14.7
8.8
4.1
4.2
3.1
16.0
18.4
13.7
8.7
4.2
4.5
2.7
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.1
11.6
8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6
19.8
12.9
7.8
4.4
4.6
2.8
A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1987
1988
Category
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug
6.0
5.2
5.3
16.2
5.9
5.0
5.4
5.9
5.0
5.2
5.8
4.9
5.2
5.8
5.1
5.1
16.0
16.5
5.4
4.6
4.8
15.9
5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6
5.3
4.6
4.9
16.6 I 16.1
5.7
4.9
5.2
15.4
5.6
4.9
4.8
16.4
6.0
5.1
5.2
17.2
13.6
5.4
4.5
5.1
15.2
5.6
4.9
4.8
15.8
5.2
10.8
12.1
8.3
5.1
11.0
12.2
4.7
11.5
12.8
8.2
4.6
10.7
12.2
9.3
4.5
10.3
11.5
9.0
4.9
10.9
12.2
8.1
4.8
11.3
12.6
8.3
4.7
11.3
12.4
8.1
5.1
10.9
12.3
8.2
5.0
10.9
12.2
7.2
9.0
9.0
4.7
10.0
11.4
8.0
4.9
10.0
11.3
8.4
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present..
Women who maintain families
3.7
4.3
9.0
3.7
4.2
8.8
3.7
4.2
8.9
3.5
4.2
8.5
3.4
4.3
8.4
3.6
4.2
8.9
3.4
4.1
8.3
3.4
4.0
7.5
3.0
3.8
8.7
3.3
3.9
8.4
3.1
3.7
7.8
3.0
4.1
8.6
3.4
4.1
7.4
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2
5.6
8.2
1.6
6.9
5.5
8.4
1.6
6.8
5.6
8.3
1.5
6.8
5.5
8.2
1.5
6.8
5.4
8.0
1.5
6.6
5.4
8.3
1.4
6.6
5.3
7.9
1.4
6.6
5.3
7.7
1.4
6.5
5.1
7.4
1.3
6.2
5.2
7.7
1.3
6.4
4.9
7.8
1.2
6.3
5.0
8.1
1.3
6.4
5.3
7.4
1.4
6.5
6.0
6.9
8.6
5.9
7.0
7.4
11.9
5.6
5.4
5.9
5.3
4.1
6.4
4.8
3.4
8.6
5.9
7.0
8.3
11.2
5.7
5.2
6.5
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3
10.6
5.8
6.5
7.0
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
5.5
4.5
6.8
4.8
3.4
5.7
6.4
8.0
10.6
5.1
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.2
10.9
5.8
7.1
7.7
12.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.3
3.6
6.1
4.9
3.0
5.7
6.9
7.8
11.0
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.5
2.8
5.3
6.5
8.4
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.8
5.9
4.1
3.0
5.7
6.6
10.4
10.5
5.4
4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6
10.2
10.6
13.9
5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7
5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1
1.0.8
5.6
6.8
6.8
11.5
5.6
6.5
7.9
10.7
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
4.2
6.8
4.2
2.8
11.0
CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over ..
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..
5.2
11.3
12.4
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
11.3
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.7
3.7
10.6
i
1
?
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time
11.1
2.9
11.0
5.6
5.0
6.4
5.1
3.8
6.5
4.4
3.1
11.4
I
for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.
41
HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987
1988
Weeks of unemployment
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
3,203
2,142
1,896
834
1,062
3,220
1,949
1,904
917
987
3,223
2,093
1,801
844
957
3,218
2,029
1,834
899
935
3,229
1,968
1,791
892
899
3,089
2,263
1,733
839
894
3,084
2,145
1,740
841
899
3,009
2,101
1,722
887
835
3,125
1,956
1,540
725
816
3,075
2,110
1,609
784
825
3,066
1,890
1,512
727
785
2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791
3,197
1,957
1,676
859
817
14.3
6.4
14.2
5.8
14.1
6.2
14.0
6.1
14.2
6.0
14.4
6.4
14.4
6.4
13.7
6.6
13.4
5.6
13.8
5.9
12.9
6.0
13.6
6.3
13.7
5.9
100.0
44.2
29.6
26.2
11.5
14.7
100.0
45.5
27.6
26.9
13.0
14.0
100.0
45.3
29.4
25.3
11.9
13.4
100.0
45.4
28.7
25.9
12.7
13.2
100.0
46.2
28.2
25.6
12.8
12.9
100.0
43.6
31.9
24.5
11.8
12.6
100.0
44.3
30.8
25.0
12.1
12.9
100.0
44.0
30.8
25.2
13.0
12.2
100.0
47.2
29.5
23.3
10.9
12.3
100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1
100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1
100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9
100.0
46.8
28.7
24.5
12.6
12.0
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1987
1988
Reasons for unemployment
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
3,389
874
2,515
992
1,969
855
3,313
820
2,493
981
1,908
882
3,388
944
2,444
960
1,845
914
3,307
878
2,429
926
1,974
855
3,200
856
2,344
946
1,945
909
3,209
888
2,320
1,082
1,917
885
3,207
884
2,323
961
1,951
864
3,139
899
2,240
1,075
1,756
887
2,916
821
2,095
993
1,784
915
3,236
793
2,443
926
1,789
807
3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
111
3,087
852
2,235
904
1,901
776
3,138
891
2,247
997
1,869
793
100.0
100.0
46.8
47.0
12.1
11.6
35.2
34.9
13.8
13.8
27.32 6.026.9
11.9
12.5
100.0
47.7
13.3
34.4
13.5
12.9
100.0
46.8
12.4
34.4
13.1
28.0
12.1
100.0
45.7
12.2
33.5
13.5
27.8
13.0
100.0
45.2
12.5
32.7
15.3
27.0
12.5
100.0
45.9
12.7
33.3
13.8
27.9
12.4
100.0
45.8
13.1
32.7
15.7
25.6
12.9
100.0
44.1
12.4
31.7
15.0
27.0
13.8
100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9
100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9
100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6
100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.7
27.5
11.7
2.8
.8
1.6
.7
2.8
.8
1.5
.8
2.7
.8
1.6
.7
2.7
.8
1.6
.8
2.6
~.9
1.6
.7
2.6
.8
1.6
.7
2.6
.9
1.5
.7
2.4
.8
1.5
.8
2.7
.8
1.5
.7
2.5
.8
1.4
.6
2.5
.7
1.6
.6
2.6
.8
1.5
.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
42
2.8
.8
1.6
.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1936 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month
Total
Total
private
Total
Mining
Construction
Service-producing
Manufacturing
Total
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate
Government
Federal
State
Local
o
Annual averages
9,827
10,794
891
854
1,160
1,127
1,070
1,165
13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565
925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930
39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186
18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411
1966
1967
1968
1969
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
1980
90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,519
99,525
102,310
1936
9,440
10,278
17,135
18,075
17,793
18,306
2,973
3,134
2,863
2,936
1,762
1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194
10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441
19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189
3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001
901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732
2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004
15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675
26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,295
25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,784
1,027
1,139
1,128
4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,998
1937
1938
1939
29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603
25,400
27,255
25,311
26,608
11,933
12,936
11,401
12,297
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754
28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897
1950
1951
1952
1953
45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19592
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
946
1,015
952
966
927
in
721
4,664
1,373
1,417
1,410
1,447
3,312
3,503
3,458
3,502
(1)
(1)
(1)
905
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602
4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662
1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828
3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240
996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908
4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082
6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045
1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233
O
(11)
(1)
()
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
0
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484
3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907
8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798
2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533
4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204
11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541
7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633
20,285
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,065
64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,525
5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,385
5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,872
15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,509
5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,549
17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,196
2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,963
9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,109
Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1987:
August
September
October
November
December
102,672
102,906
103,371
103,678
104,001
85,656
85,851
86,241
86,520
86,794
24,851
24,902
25,025
25,123
25,201
728
734
740
736
735
5,012
5,012
5,060
5,090
5,118
19,111
19,156
19,225
19,297
19,348
77,821
78,004
78,346
78,555
78,800
5,394
5,427
5,448
5,466
5,481
5,892
5,914
5,935
5,958
5,984
18,569
18,605
18,705
18,761
18,784
6,581
6,588
6,604
6,608
6,619
24,369
24,415
24,524
24,604
24,725
2,943
2,962
2,966
2,974
2,980
3,971
3,973
3,985
3,988
4,001
10,102
10,120
10,179
10,196
10,226
104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,057
106,257
106,476
87,044
87,475
87,700
87,973
88,139
88,678
88,927
89,080
25,180
25,271
25,330
25,435
25,466
25,592
25,655
25,647
728
731
733
737
739
740
741
735
5,083
5,150
5,192
5,238
5,237
5,308
5,325
5,328
19,369
19,390
19,405
19,460
19,490
19,544
19,589
19,584
79,082
79,458
79,690
79,846
80,023
80,465
80,602
80,829
5,499
5,513
5,530
5,543
5,556
5,582
5,597
5,609
6,010
6,035
6,061
6,089
6,115
6,148
6,171
6,190
18,927
19,045
19,050
19,093
19,130
19,205
19,267
19,290
6,633
6,636
6,651
6,650
6,656
6,679
6,686
6,696
24,795
24,975
25,078
25,163
25,216
25,472
25,551
25,648
2,973
2,972
2,970
2,963
2,957
2,951
2,955
2,972
4,006
4,014
4,031
4,041
4,050
4,049
4,069
4,073
10,239
10,268
10,319
10,304
10,343
10,379
10,306
10,351
1988:
January
February
March
April
May
June
Julyp
Augustp
1
2
Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1987) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1984) are subject to revision.
43
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Mining
July
1988P
537
540
50.5
7.4
14.2
33.5
4.9
10.7
33.4
5.2
10.6
38.2
5.9
10.9
38.9
6.0
11.0
131.4
129.6
133.5
131.8
125.3
123.6
124.7
123.1
265.7
101.6
164.1
271.2
101.5
169.7
283.9
101.2
182.7
286.1
103.0
183.1
88.9
33.6
88.8
33.4
89.7
34.1
90.2
34.3
4,168
4,233
4,340
4,456
742
745
44.3
6.5
13.4
44.1
6.7
13.4
49.6
7.3
14.1
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
161.2
159.1
163.3
161.3
154.2
152.2
152.9
151.0
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
13
131,2
138
406.7
205.6
201.1
412.4
205.1
207.3
421.3
200.3
221.0
424.0
202.6
221.4
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals
14
142
144
147
114.8
41.9
36.4
16.8
114.5
41.8
36.4
16.7
116.5
43.0
36.7
17.1
117.1
43.2
36.9
17.2
5,288
5,352
5,510
5,634
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
15
152
153
154
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
16
161
162
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
Manufacturing
Durable goods
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
742
527
734
10
101
102
June
1988
520
727
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
44
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988P
86,057 86,478 89,478 89,605 89,944 69,706 70,085 72,446 72,526 72,839
Total private
See footnotes at end of table.
July
1987
102,212 102,471 106,920 106,055 106,287
Total
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Aug.
1988P
419.9
5,690
535
4,504
1,392.9 1,403.2 1,453.2 1,475.9 1,479.2 1,029.2 1,038.7 1,074.5 1,095.5
738.5 738.5
791.6
799.0
532.2
575.1
582.7
532.0
58.1
57.5
54.9
55.3
29.4
26.0
26.1
28.7
596.3 607.2
606.7 621.6
467.6 478.0 473.3 486.8
829.8
320.6
509.2
843.2
325.5
517.7
834.3
322.2
512.1
843.6
325.6
518.0
702.0
273.4
428.6
3,064.9 3,105.9 3,222.6 3,314.4
655.0 659.6 674.9
691.8
191.0
189.9
191.3
197.3
542.6 554.2
577.1
594.6
507.2 513.5
538.6
563.5
198.4
197.3
195.3
198.1
222.2 226.5
219.2
227.3
714.8
277.7
437.1
706.6
272.4
434.2
715.1
275.5
439.6
2,437.2 2,479.4 2,558.6 2,645.5
487.4
492.3
499.6
515.9
163.2
162.2
162.3
168.8
421.0 433.7
448.3
465.2
435.1
442.2 465.9
489.7
155.6
154.1
153.1
155.3
180.1
183.9
174.3
182.0
18,982
19,198
19,651
19,500
11,127
11,232
11,582
11,496! 11,552
7,352
7,453
7,728
7,636
7,696
759.5
90.9
203.6
166.9
33.2
268.3
104.7
71.4
23.9
38.5
42.8
72.3
48.0
81.6
763.3
91.3
204.0
166.6
33.9
269.0
105.0
71.5
24.5
38.3
42.7
73.3
48.5
83.0
775.4
91.5
206.0
168.4
34.2
272.2
107.8
71.3
24.7
38.1
45.1
75.1
50.4
85.5
779.9
637.4
76.5
180.1
147.6
29.3
222.2
85.8
57.3
20.8
35.1
36.5
55.0
39.0
67.1
640.4
76.9
180.5
147.5
29.8
222.7
85.5
57.6
21.4
34.9
36.4
55.9
39.5
68.0
648.8
76.4
181.7
148.5
30.2
224.8
87.4
57.2
21.7
34.5
38.6
57.1
41.1
70.2
649.0
79.6
180.5
148.3
29.1
225.6
88.0
57.4
21.3
34.4
37.8
57.5
41.0
68.0
652.4
776.4
94.9
205.1
168.4
33.1
273.3
108.1
71.7
24.4
38.1
44.4
75.2
50.3
83.5
19,668 12,893
13,098
13,424 13,266 13,434
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
1972
SIC
Code
Allemployees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
Production workers
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
510.0
300.2
135.7
97.5
23.6
28.1
66.4
28.8
75.6
39.0
521.8
306.5
139.1
99.8
22.9
29.0
68.8
29.3
77.2
40.0
534.9
315.9
144.1
102.9
26.2
30.0
68.0
30.7
111
42.6
526.5
306.1
138.0
100.7
23.9
30.3
68.5
30.7
78.3
42.9
535.3
_
406.9
253.3
118.6
81.5
18.9
21.3
50.0
22.0
54.4
27.2
417.4
258.8
121.8
83.6
18.1
22.1
52.0
22.5
56.0
28.1
426.9
267.2
125.9
86.2
21.0
23.3
51.2
23.8
56.2
28.5
418.2
257.8
119.9
84.5
19.1
23.5
51.5
23.8
56.4
28.7
426.8
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool
32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296
589.2
15.2
86.2
45.2
41.0
50.5
21.4
37.9
36.1
218.7
20.7
71.7
106.7
110.8
21.5
8.7
25.0
593.1
14.7
87.0
45.1
41.9
51.0
21.4
38.4
36.7
219.7
20.7
72.3
107.2
111.3
21.5
8.7
25.0
599.9
15.0
87.0
44.5
42.5
52.4
20.7
39.4
38.5
219.3
21.0
73.8
105.5
114.1
22.1
8.9
24.3
598.0
15.2
84.9
43.3
41.6
52.2
20.9
39.4
37.9
219.9
21.2
73.8
105.8
114.3
22.1
8.9
24.4
597.3
_
456.1
11.9
73.9
40.7
33.2
35.6
16.7
29.6
28.7
170.6
14.0
55.0
86.6
79.6
14.6
6.7
-
460.2
11.4
74.8
40.7
34.1
36.2
16.6
30.3
29.4
171.1
13.8
55.5
86.9
80.2
14.6
6.7
-
468.7
11.8
75.3
40.4
34.9
39.2
15.9
30.9
30.9
170.1
13.8
56.1
85.4
84.0
15.3
6.7
-
466.3
11.9
73.3
39.3
34.0
39.3
16.0
30.7
30.2
170.4
13.9
56.4
85.3
84.1
15.3
6.7
-
466.3
_
_
_
_
_
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
741.5
272.3
206.7
23.4
128.2
78.7
8.7
27.0
39.8
21.1
178.5
23.1
28.2
75.7
81.1
50.0
752.8
273.7
207.5
23.8
130.0
80.7
8.9
26.6
40.0
21.3
181.6
23.5
28.2
77.7
85.5
52.9
786.1
282.8
212.8
25.5
140.5
85.8
9.5
30.9
41.6
22.3
186.1
24.6
27.7
81.2
90.2
55.6
777.4
281.9
212.0
25.1
138.4
83.8
8.9
31.4
42.0
22.6
182.6
23.8
27.7
78.3
88.2
54.6
783.3
282.2
_
555.5
205.8
157.6
16.9
100.2
63.4
6.1
20.2
28.2
14.9
126.6
17.9
20.5
52.5
64.2
40.2
568.4
208.0
159.2
17.4
102.2
65.3
6.4
19.9
28.6
15.2
130.1
18.4
20.5
54.8
68.7
43.2
602.1
219.4
166.4
19.4
112.8
70.4
7.1
24.1
30.8
16.8
133.7
18.8
19.3
58.7
72.4
45.5
593.6
218.8
166.0
18.9
110.8
68.4
6.7
24.5
30.9
17.0
129.8
18.0
19.1
55.8
70.7
44.8
599.7
219.7
_
Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
_
1,387.9 1,403.9 1,462.6 1,448.1 1,457.1 1,025.8 1,041.0 1,091.1 1,077.4 1,087.5
47.5
47.6
48.3
48.1
55.3
55.6
56.6
56.3
38.5
38.6
39.7
39.5
44.3
44.5
45.8
45.5
97.8
100.1
96.3
95.1
132.1
134.6
130.2 131.3
33.6
33.2
32.8
46.0
34.0
46.5
45.2
44.9
56.8
58.5
55.8
55.3
75.2
77.0
75.1
74.7
45.7
43.4
63.3
62.9
45.3
42.6
60.9
59.9
18.7
18.9
18.0
17.9
25.8
25.9
24.7
24.7
17.7
17.0
17.4
16.4
25.5
25.5
24.9
24.3
305.9 309.1
319.2 320.1
428.3 431.6 443.2 445.0
79.4
77.6
77.1
57.5
57.1
55.5
55.0
79.1
71.4
70.7
96.7
95.9
95.4
94.2
70.9
71.5
61.1
61.4
55.0
53.7
91.4
91.7
84.6
85.6
82.5
113.8
109.6 110.0 113.0
85.5
85.1
83.1
30.4
31.2
30.6
23.2
22.3
22.3
31.3
22.9
See footnotes at end of table.
45
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ..
Machinery, except electrical, nee
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
259
3592
3599
2,011.9 2,019.7 2,144.5 2,141.8 2,148.8 1,185.5 1,194.3 1,280.8 1,273.9 1,277.8
86.1
87.3
87.5
87.1
55.2
54.4
58.3
57.6
12.7
12.6
13.0
13.0
24.6
24.2
22.3
22.4
42.5
41.8
45.3
44.6
62.7
61.9
65.2
64.7
61.3
62.1
74.4
72.3
92.3
92.6
105.0
102.6
44.4
44.7
52.0
52.1
69.4
69.1
76.3
76.3
212.5 215.5
128.4
143.3
142.9
235.1
233.9
126.2
47.6
52.6
51.8
78.7
79.4
47.2
85.6
83.8
10.4
11.2
11.3
10.3
17.0
17.2
18.4
18.3
22.4
26.9
26.9
21.4
36.4
37.8
44.3
44.5
17.1
18.1
18.3
16.9
32.5
32.8
33.6
34.2
17.3
18.5
18.4
16.9
24.4
24.6
26.8
26.5
284.7 285.6 299.0 298.1
203.0 203.9 213.9 213.2
44.8
44.6
29.1
46.0
46.1
27.9
27.9
29.1
11.2
16.4
10.3
10.2
11.2
16.6
17.5
17.5
135.0
135.5
140.8
140.7
107.7
103.2
103.5
107.7
51.8
39.6
51.1
55.8
36.1
36.6
39.4
55.6
15.0
14.8
14.9
14.6
20.2
20.2
20.6
20.1
95.2
96.3
160.8
161.6
172.5
172.7
103.8
103.7
22.7
23.0
24.4
37.7
38.0
24.5
40.3
40.6
12.8
13.3
14.1
13.8
19.4
19.9
21.1
20.8
15.7
15.6
17.4
17.5
28.7
26.8
26.6
28.8
156.0
245.6 244.6 257.8 258.6
156.1
166.4
166.3
45.5
25.0
43.4
43.5
24.8
26.7
45.9
26.9
42.9
31.3
40.9
40.5
31.3
33.3
42.3
32.8
21.1
11.5
20.5
20.1
11.6
12.4
21.1
12.3
30.4
19.1
29.7
29.7
19.1
19.5
30.4
19.5
20.3
13.0
19.2
19.1
12.9
13.9
20.5
14.0
17.7
10.4
16.1
16.1
10.6
11.9
17.4
11.6
484.9 489.6 513.9
162.2
165.7
168.3
516.0
166.3
431.9
436.7 459.1
137.1
140.9
142.2
461.5
141.1
175.1
174.8
183.2
124.6
124.6
132.4
182.6
131.9
125.0
124.4
131.4
91.3
90.9
97.4
131.2
97.0
268.7
269.3 290.5
201.8
202.8
290.2
220.0 219.7
30.2
24.1
24.7
24.8
31.0
25.7
32.2
31.3
238.5
238.3 258.3
177.7
258.9
178.1
194.3
194.9
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
2,064.3 2,080.6 2,126.5 2,110.7 2,128.8 1,204.4 1,219.5 1,250.8 1,238.0 1,258.8
77.2
106.9
107.5
77.5
78.5
78.8
109.7
109.9
35.3
48.4
48.9
35.6
35.6
36.1
49.6
49.8
41.9
58.5
58.6
41.9
42.9
42.7
60.1
60.1
180.1
180.9
122.9
124.0
188.4
187.4
131.1
130.0
86.0
65.7
65.6
85.8
90.6
70.9
70.3
89.6
33.8
34.5
59.8
36.2
35.8
60.2
62.2
62.1
134.5
135.4
106.8
107.7
135.6
134.3
107.5
108.6
23.4
24.0
28.8
29.0
23.5
24.1
29.4
29.6
17.7
18.6
22.5
22.0
17.3
18.4
22.7
22.8
26.3
27.4
34.4
27.2
28.0
35.3
35.7
34.7
See footnotes at end of table.
46
90.7
45.5
45.2
223.3
29.0
90.2
93.2
110.3
71.1
39.2
76.3
42.0
212.6
78.6
51.5
91.5
45.6
45.9
227.4
28.8
91.8
95.7
112.5
73.3
39.2
76.5
42.0
215.6
80.0
52.0
98.3
50.9
47.4
238.4
30.5
96.7
99.7
119.6
77.5
42.1
78.7
43.2
231.3
87.0
55.1
96.5
49.8
46.7
232.0
29.7
92.1
98.9
116.3
75.6
40.7
111
42.6
229.9
87.5
54.7
68.8
37.0
31.8
176.1
22.1
76.2
70.0
87.9
57.0
30.9
47.5
24.3
153.8
52.5
39.1
69.8
37.2
32.6
179.4
21.9
77.2
72.4
90.3
59.2
31.1
47.9
24.4
156.5
53.6
39.6
75.4
41.7
33.7
190.1
23.5
82.4
75.7
96.0
62.7
33.3
49.1
24.0
168.3
58.8
42.3
74.0
41.0
33.0
183.6
22.8
77.4
75.0
92.8
60.7
32.1
49.1
24.3
166.8
59.2
41.7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
„
1972
SIC
Code
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
188.1
25.6
75.1
14.6
25.6
79.0
58.9
605.1
116.8
488.3
624.3
37.7
246.7
268.1
146.3
26.3
64.7
Aug.
1987
189.6
25.2
74.9
15.2
26.2
84.4
63.8
606.2
117.3
488.9
628.5
38.2
247.7
270.2
148.1
27.9
65.0
June
1988
192.9
25.7
75.5
15.8
26.9
81.8
61.5
600.1
118.1
482.0
665.7
39.1
266.3
281.9
152.3
29.2
67.1
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
136.0
21.9
49.6
10.5
19.1
52.8
38.2
253.3
67.3
186.0
353.7
23.8
94.8
181.2
101.7
20.4
48.9
187.6
25.3
72.6
15.1
26.8
81.9
61.8
597.2
117.7
479.5
661.9
37.8
266.9
279.5
150.5
29.1
66.1
Aug.
1987
137.5
21.5
49.8
11.0
19.8
58.0
42.8
253.2
66.4
186.8
358.5
24.3
96.1
183.5
103.3
21.8
49.0
June
1988
139.9
22.0
49.6
11.7
20.2
55.9
40.4
252.3
70.6
181.7
377.2
25.0
105.1
189.2
107.3
22.1
51.3
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
135.3
21.6
47.2
10.9
20.3
56.3
41.0
251.6
71.1
180.5
372.5
23.9
104.3
186.8
105.8
21.9
50.4
2,006.6 2,026.2 2,051.0 2,026.2 2,015.5 1,242.7 1,260.2 1,281.5 1,252.9 1,245.4
840.6 829.7 633.0 650.2 668.0 651.2 644.2
826.0 844.3 857.2
269.9 258.3
348.3
350.3 364.8 360.1
254.9 269.1
43.6
43.6
34.0
34.3
34.4
44.0
34.7
43.9
395.2
321.8 316.4
304.6 307.8
382.4 386.3 400.2
26.0
32.8
32.9
24.7
31.6
31.6
26.2
24.9
697.8
702.4 700.3 698.5
340.2 338.0
346.7 344.8
368.7
162.2
157.9
359.3 360.8 368.6
161.1
159.5
149.6
150.1
78.7
154.3
156.5
73.0
76.2
73.6
179.8
179.5
110.1
185.2
186.6
103.9
109.1
104.4
196.4
188.8
137.1
185.8
184.3
139.0
138.9
148.6
124.4
92.7
128.3
122.2
122.1
84.3
89.5
86.8
61.4
66.6
62.2
54.7
49.4
55.9
50.3
68.1
26.7
22.7
31.8
27.6
23.2
19.1
18.2
31.1
204.1
60.4
59.7
65.0
205.0 205.7
204.8
64.6
153.8
154.9
42.6
48.0
41.8
47.7
153.1
155.2
50.7
33.8
34.8
34.6
51.8
51.9
51.5
34.6
15.4
20.3
16.0
15.6
16.2
20.6
20.5
19.9
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
694.4
82.8
236.9
40.8
52.9
102.3
33.7
185.5
92.0
79.6
36.6
107.7
11.2
696.3
83.1
237.0
41.7
53.1
102.0
33.5
187.2
93.2
80.0
36.8
107.3
11.4
715.5
86.0
235.7
41.4
53.3
100.9
34.8
199.8
97.6
87.2
38.8
109.7
10.7
714.1
86.7
235.3
41.4
53.6
100.5
35.0
198.3
97.7
85.6
38.1
110.1
10.6
718.5
375.4
37.3
131.8
26.0
27.4
50.6
16.7
110.0
52.3
49.8
25.0
46.6
8.0
377.2
37.4
132.0
26.8
27.6
50.4
16.1
111.7
53.6
50.2
25.3
46.4
8.3
396.0
40.0
134.4
27.3
28.8
50.9
17.7
121.8
56.8
56.4
26.6
47.6
7.9
393.8
40.1
133.6
27.4
28.8
50.3
17.9
120.7
56.9
55.3
25.8
47.9
7.8
398.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles ...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
361.2
50.5
35.0
11.8
95.4
43.1
52.3
32.4
38.7
19.6
132.4
57.6
374.5
53.9
38.1
12.7
99.1
46.5
52.6
32.9
42.7
22.4
133.2
58.6
385.1
55.4
39.1
12.5
105.6
47.1
58.5
34.1
39.9
20.8
137.6
59.9
376.7
52.4
36.7
12.0
105.4
47.6
57.8
33.8
36.1
17.7
137.0
60.0
387.5
262.6
34.8
23.9
9.7
71.5
31.7
39.8
22.6
29.7
14.9
94.3
39.9
273.9
37.3
26.1
10.7
74.8
34.7
40.1
22.8
33.2
17.4
95.1
40.6
281.7
39.0
27.4
10.5
79.1
34.2
44.9
24.3
31.1
16.1
97.7
41.4
273.2
36.1
25.1
10.0
78.6
34.3
44.3
24.0
27.5
13.2
97.0
41.5
283.6
See footnotes at end of table.
47
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Industry
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes
21
211
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yam mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
,
,
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
See footnotes at end of table.
48
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
5,696 5,630
5,541
7,855 7,966 8,069 8,004 8,116
5,738
5,645
1,667.4 1,712.9 1,648.4 1,670.6 1,714.5 1,186.8 1,231.7 1,166.8 1,187.5 1,229.2
_
336.4
396.9 400.8
338.9
327.5
389.1
387.2
329.5
118.4
141.5
134.2
118.8
112.2
142.1
135.8
113.8
59.4
59.5
59.0
80.4
80.6
80.3
80.5
59.0
154.3
151.9
151.3
142.2
140.2
137.0
157.6
137.5
102.8
103.0
103.0
168.8
168.9
166.3
167.2
101.8
42.7
43.9
42.6
33.5
33.6
32.8
32.8
43.8
81.9
81.5
81.8
40.6
40.6
41.0
41.3
81.6
307.4
273.7
240.5 257.7
213.7
196.4
262.7
229.2
23.7
26.7
17.1
16.4
19.4
16.5
24.1
23.3
75.7
129.6
77.5
61.7
91.3
102.1
114.6
87.2
41.4
47.1
49.0
54.6
54.4
49.0
48.5
43.3
127.5
124.7
85.4
132.2
132.1
92.0
87.6
91.8
24.0
22.7
22.7
16.8
24.2
16.6
15.3
15.2
42.4
44.3
44.3
28.0
26.6
26.5
42.0
28.0
210.2
210.1
207.5
207.9
126.1
126.7
128.5
128.1
163.7
161.6
162.2
164.3
90.8
91.5
91.2
91.2
45.7
46.5
45.8
35.3
37.3
36.9
45.9
35.2
90.7
90.8
92.8
70.7
72.9
85.3
70.5
65.6
18.9
19.0
14.7
17.3
17.1
13.0
14.3
12.8
52.4
44.2
44.3
53.4
53.5
43.1
39.4
48.3
34.1
33.9
25.2
25.0
23.9
23.6
34.0
33.5
85.7
208.2
86.2
90.1
202.7
202.8
208.9
90.6
39.9
40.8
24.1
24.3
25.8
40.3
41.3
26.1
122.2
123.4
41.5
40.4
41.1
120.7
40.8
121.5
174.4
177.5
132.4
134.7
176.8
130.8
133.8
176.2
51.4
40.4
54.3
40.3
49.7
38.5
48.9
38.4
51.1
-
38.2
30.3
40.9
30.2
36.6
29.0
35.7
28.7
37.4
-
717.1
100.2
86.8
16.4
22.3
213.2
35.7
35.6
71.7
25.6
25.8
58.7
23.0
21.8
57.7
109.3
81.1
15.4
52.5
731.8
100.8
88.4
18.7
23.4
215.2
35.7
35.8
72.5
25.9
26.1
60.7
24.1
22.5
58.7
112.0
82.5
15.5
53.9
731.1
99.4
92.6
19.6
24.7
210.3
33.6
35.4
70.5
25.7
25.7
58.7
24.0
21.1
58.8
111.9
83.0
15.1
55.1
716.4
98.4
91.5
18.8
23.5
206.8
32.6
35.1
69.7
25.2
25.3
56.1
22.5
20.5
58.5
109.1
81.5
14.8
53.7
724.2
_
622.6
90.6
77.4
13.3
19.2
187.1
31.9
32.0
63.9
21.6
22.5
49.2
19.4
17.7
46.8
98.1
73.5
13.7
40.9
635.2
91.2
78.6
15.3
20.3
189.0
31.9
32.2
64.7
21.9
22.6
50.8
20.4
18.2
47.6
100.4
74.8
13.7
42.0
634.1
90.0
81.9
16.1
21.1
185.6
30.9
31.8
62.8
21.6
22.4
48.9
19.9
17.1
47.5
100.1
75.1
13.3
42.9
620.6
89.0
81.0
15.2
19.9
182.7
29.9
31.6
62.2
21.3
22.0
46.5
18.5
16.6
47.1
97.6
73.8
13.0
41.6
627.2
_
906.2
49.4
263.6
73.6
42.0
82.8
284.0
38.5
64.5
34.7
146.3
922.7
49.2
266.3
74.2
42.8
83.4
293.7
38.7
69.0
36.0
150.0
932.6
51.1
271.5
73.5
43.7
85.0
292.9
37.4
69.0
34.7
151.8
885.9
49.1
262.4
70.9
41.7
82.9
265.6
33.9
59.9
33.5
138.3
919.4
_
_
1,081.0 1,099.4 1,107.9 1,057.7 1,092.2
_
59.1
57.6
57.1
57.3
314.6 304.5
308.9
305.6
_
85.6
86.5
85.7
82.6
50.1
48.9
48.0
47.9
97.4
94.7
95.6
94.8
341.7 352.6 350.8 321.8
45.3
46.7
46.4
41.7
83.0
77.6
82.6
73.5
42.0
42.4
43.3
40.8
175.7
180.1
180.0
165.8
-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
59.0
49.9
9.1
48.2
20.6
35.4
160.3
20.7
45.2
32.9
57.2
49.1
8.1
46.9
20.3
34.1
156.6
20.1
44.7
31.2
695.6
-
515.6
144.9
126.5
40.9
172.8
38.2
20.3
40.8
157.0
34.7
83.3
19.8
518.2
145.3
127.1
40.7
173.5
38.0
20.5
41.0
158.7
35.2
83.9
19.8
528.6
149.8
130.8
41.2
174.2
36.3
21.0
41.9
163.4
36.6
85.4
20.6
524.1
148.6
129.9
41.5
173.2
36.4
20.3
41.5
160.8
35.8
84.4
20.7
527.4
-
1,506.3 1,509.7 1,566.1 1,564.2 1,566.8
469.8 470.2 479.3 477.7
128.0
123.0
126.9
122.0
113.4
114.3
110.6
110.4
85.1
84.3
82.4
82.1
29.1
29.2
28.2
28.3
82.6
82.6
78.2
78.5
551.3
552.9
527.5
526.0
171.0
171.1
164.0
163.1
335.9 352.2 351.1
335.5
51.4
51.3
49.4
49.2
79.4
78.9
73.4
73.2
56.2
55.9
53.4
53.1
837.7
170.3
45.3
58.6
36.4
22.2
42.0
380.4
117.1
241.4
33.9
58.8
39.7
841.7
170.9
45.8
58.8
36.8
22.0
41.5
382.1
117.9
242.1
34.0
58.8
40.0
876.0
172.0
45.6
61.7
38.2
23.5
42.6
403.3
122.8
256.8
35.2
62.5
41.2
871.5
171.5
45.4
60.6
37.2
23.4
41.8
400.8
122.1
255.6
35.0
62.6
41.5
873.4
-
1,031.6 1,035.3 1,071.6 1,075.0 1,079.5
_
134.2
130.4
129.7
133.9
89.7
86.8
89.9
86.0
171.5
171.0
168.0
168.0
79.4
79.8
76.8
76.7
64.3
64.2
64.3
64.0
216.7 216.9 230.4 231.8
183.3
182.8
171.3
171.3
165.4
164.7
157.4
153.9
45.7
45.4
44.8
44.6
43.3
41.4
41.1
43.1
76.4
71.2
76.2
68.2
63.4
62.8
63.3
63.5
157.6
151.7
156.3
151.5
30.2
28.9
29.1
29.9
126.4
127.4
122.4
122.8
52.0
53.2
50.5
50.9
99.1
97.3
99.3
97.2
578.7
67.0
47.8
110.3
45.2
45.0
99.5
77.0
98.1
28.1
22.9
47.1
31.6
85.4
18.7
66.7
31.7
55.1
582.5
67.6
48.6
110.2
45.2
45.2
99.1
76.6
101.4
28.2
23.2
50.0
31.3
86.2
18.8
67.4
31.4
55.3
604.1
67.6
48.7
112.2
46.7
45.6
103.7
80.3
107.4
28.3
25.0
54.1
31.4
90.2
18.4
71.8
34.2
57.4
604.7
67.5
48.5
112.8
47.2
45.7
103.8
80.1
107.4
28.6
24.8
54.0
31.8
91.4
18.6
72.8
33.0
57.0
609.1
-
110.4
81.7
21.6
110.7
81.8
21.8
110.5
82.1
21.3
112.2
83.6
21.4
113.5
-
72.4
59.4
13.0
58.6
24.7
41.9
190.0
25.6
53.0
38.5
71.4
58.3
13.1
57.0
23.6
42.8
194.2
25.2
53.2
39.7
69.3
57.3
12.0
55.7
23.3
41.1
190.4
24.5
53.1
38.0
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
679.1
190.5
167.1
54.5
232.4
58.9
26.5
51.7
201.7
44.0
109.5
23.0
682.8
191.4
168.2
54.0
233.9
59.2
26.6
52.1
203.5
44.7
110.1
22.9
697.2
195.8
171.9
54.3
237.2
59.0
27.5
53.5
209.9
46.0
113.3
24.0
692.1
194.7
171.1
54.4
236.0
59.5
26.6
53.0
207.0
45.1
112.2
24.2
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
29
291
295
Aug.
1987
59.3
50.4
8.9
48.9
21.7
35.2
156.1
20.8
45.1
32.1
71.8
58.7
13.1
59.3
25.1
40.7
186.3
25.1
51.8
37.8
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
July
1987
58.6
49.6
9.0
49.5
22.0
34.0
152.8
20.4
43.8
31.5
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
2819
Plastics materials and synthetics
282
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ... 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products
289
Aug.
1988P
168.1
127.8
27.9
168.4
127.8
28.2
169.6
128.7
27.8
170.7
129.6
27.9
170.9
-
See footnotes at end of table.
49
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
1972
SIC
Code
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
18.3
84.3
508.4
18.2
82.6
499.5
149.4
117.4
11.3
72.4
30.2
26.8
7.2
12.7
124.0
12.0
76.2
31.2
28.6
7.6
13.4
122.3
12.0
75.1
31.5
26.8
8.2
12.1
114.7
11.3
69.2
29.1
25.4
7.9
12.1
123.6
5,597
5,614
4,456
4,475
4,664
4,641
4,660
3,352
3,325
3,338
221.4
98.7
220.9
98.7
283.5
105.5
235.3
104.6
28.6
29.3
28.6
29.0
22.1
101.8
592.0
22.3
103.2
601.0
24.5
109.4
645.6
24.7
107.8
636.7
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
139.9
13.7
83.7
36.8
30.4
10.3
15.4
147.5
14.4
87.9
38.0
32.3
10.8
16.3
148.1
14.5
88.2
39.2
30.4
11.7
15.6
140.0
13.5
82.3
36.6
29.0
11.2
15.5
5,377
5,398
5,616
3,134
3,158
Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2
40
4011
314.5
276.2
314.7
276.4
306.3
264.4
305.4
263.3
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses
41
411
412
413
415
243.9
108.2
33.2
31.5
49.3
243.1
108.1
32.9
32.2
48.0
307.9
115.6
32.6
31.8
103.0
259.9
115.2
32.6
32.2
56.2
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services
44
445
446
180.6
28.6
98.4
178.6
28.8
95.0
188.2
28.4
106.8
192.5
29.3
109.8
Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services
45
451,2
458
607.6
534.1
73.5
613.0
538.9
74.1
650.3
571.0
79.3
655.2
575.7
79.5
Pipe lines, except natural gas
46
18.7
18.7
16.7
17.2
Transportation services
Freight forwarding
47
471
300.5
63.1
303.4
64.2
332.6
68.0
335.1
69.3
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.
50
50
501
5012
5013
677.7
16.0
78.7
471.5
303,4
306
307
49
491
492
493
495
Aug.
1988P
15.8
77.4
464.2
868.7
87.6
11.9
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
July
1988P
673.1
63.3
9.5
879.5
87.3
12.7
48
481
483
4832
4833
June
1988
684.5
63.0
10.5
824.0
85.9
11.6
Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting
Aug.
1987
636.9
61.1
9.6
812.6
85.8
10.9
Transportation
July
1987
627.5
61.2
8.9
30
301
302
Transportation and public utilities
Aug.
1988P
872.2
1,468.5 1,486.8 1,550.0 1,559.4
1,364.7 1,379.4 1,439.4 1,448.5
110.9
107.4
110.6
103.8
2,272
2,264
2,240
2,243
1,303.7 1,301.7 1,317.6 1,322.9
916.8
913.2
916.5
914.6
245.8
245.1
233.5
234.0
118.6
117.3
115.8
116.0
127.2
127.8
117.7
118.0
1,278.8 1,295.2 1,351.1 1,360.2
1,192.1 1,205.2 1,258.6 1,267.7
86.7
90.0
92.5
92.5
13.7
13.6
11.6
12.1
990.1
678.6
192.3
987.9
676.9
191.7
995.2
669.9
201.8
997.7
670.7
202.4
745.5
344.6
134.2
171.5
72.9
745.6
344.8
134.1
170.7
73.8
750.4
343.9
134.6
168.0
81.6
753.3
345.1
135.7
167.9
82.1
2,276
938.8
450.6
168.9
207.6
84.1
938.1
450.2
168.5
206.8
85.2
946.4
450.0
169.7
204.5
94.0
948.9
450.7
170.8
204.5
94.6
5,908
5,926
6,181
6,206
6,225
4,739
4,752
4,986
5,008
3,467
438.6
113.0
295.0
3,480
438.9
113.0
294.9
3,678
455.7
119.7
305.2
3,697
457.3
119.8
306.4
3,713
2,751
352.1
2,760
352.3
2,941
365.7
2,958
367.2
5,028
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies ....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies
1972
SIC
Code
502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191
Retail trade
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
144.4
144.8
144.7
143.0
63.6
65.4
65.3
63.0
80.8
79.4
79.4
80.0
243.5 274.5 279.5
240.9
111.1
127.5
124.9
109.9
132.4
152.0
149.6
131.0
84.0
88.9
88.6
84.3
135.4
146.9
145.9
135.0
527.7
523.0
496.5 497.9
274.1
289.8 294.1
273.1
68.4
68.9
68.3
68.6
155.4
164.3
155.1
165.0
267.7
273.7
267.1
273.9
91.8
94.2
94.1
91.9
109.5
112.6
112.5
109.6
1,463.2 1,467.4 1,557.9 1,564.4
546.4
544.8
578.8
578.3
79.4
82.1
78.7
83.3
117.2
125.1
117.8
124.8
303.7 304.8 325.7
327.7
130.1
137.2
130.1
138.4
175.8
189.8
177.6
191.2
198.2 200.5 213.9 214.0
90.4
89.6
99.8
99.6
2,441
203.8
167.5
199.6
796.1
251.2
66.0
102.0
130.8
199.6
84.1
115.5
154.3
98.0
56.3
465.9
153.1
2,446
204.9
168.4
200.9
797.2
251.5
66.2
102.0
131.0
200.1
84.4
115.7
154.2
97.6
56.6
463.0
149.7
2,503
212.8
174.9
202.2
807.3
256.2
64.7
105.3
133.9
204.4
87.7
116.7
157.4
100.0
57.4
486.3
162.8
2,509
213.2
175.8
202.6
811.0
259.3
65.1
104.5
134.3
206.7
89.0
117.7
159.3
100.9
58.4
484.5
162.4
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
115.6
117.1
116.8
116.9
199.1
201.1
225.1
229.2
69.9
105.4
377.4
69.4
106.2
379.0
73.0
115.7
401.7
72.8
116.5
407.0
215.5
216.9
221.4
221.6
1,157.1 1,157.2 1,248.5 1,253.9
2,512
158.8
160.9
172.8
173.1
1,988
166.2
139.7
150.5
674.1
1,992
166.8
140.1
152.2
675.4
2,045
172.4
146.7
155.4
685.9
2,050
173.0
147.7
156.0
687.6
96.2
155.8
96.6
155.8
99.6
159.9
99.4
162.2
127.1
127.0
129.7
131.5
377.6
375.2
395.1
394.4
16,618 17,164
17,160
18,636 18,694 19,359 19,363 19,425 16,570
634.6
360.8
131.9
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
52
521
525
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
2,379.7 2,397.9 2,484.8 2,485.2 2,492.1 2,228.8 2,241.6 2,297.5 2,295.8
1,986.6 2,000.5 2,067.2 2,066.0
1,876.6 1,885.7 1,923.8 1,920.6
235.7 237.9 242.8 243.1
215.3 217.4 221.5 222.1
157.4
152.2
153.1
138.5
159.5
136.9
176.1
174.8
Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
542
545
546
2,973.8 2,968.2 3,089.0 3,110.2 3,124.2 2,740.0 2,732.9 2,840.6 2,859.4
2,621.1 2,617.1 2,725.6 2,748.0
2,425.9 2,420.4 2,520.4 2,539.8
58.9
57.6
57.7
59.5
25.8
29.2
30.1
26.5
171.1
177.4
178.8
171.3
160.7
155.2
161.5
155.7
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
2,031.8 2,034.7 2,099.0 2,114.2 2,118.6 1,708.7 1,710.6 1,756.1 1,770.1
986.2 1,014.5 1,020.4
984.0
819.0 820.9 841.0 845.8
324.6 327.0 333.4
263.6 265.2 270.5 273.5
336.6
618.2 618.0 636.8 642.0
540.5 540.5 552.2 558.0
768.4
426.7
158.9
762.3
424.8
158.7
798.4
432.8
168.1
790.0
432.8
168.0
Aug.
1988P
641.3
363.3
132.1
665.0
365.4
140.0
17,207
656.3
365.6
139.8
See footnotes at end of table.
51
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
1972
SIC
Code
56
561
562
565
566
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
1,094.2 1,099.2 1,094.1 1,092.4
103.2
104.1
103.8
105.9
379.7
380.9 382.8
381.7
260.5
258.8 257.7
256.4
217.0
224.0 217.6
220.1
925.1
87.1
323.2
222.7
180.6
930.6
85.5
323.2
225.5
184.2
925.4
84.6
323.3
224.4
181.2
923.1
83.9
319.6
227.2
181.2
820.5
459.8
285.0
90.5
270.2
193.5
76.7
658.2
367.2
661.6
368.3
671.0
373.0
671.9
374.7
73.8
217.2
74.1
219.2
77.1
220.9
76.5
220.7
795.0
445.8
275.4
87.0
262.2
191.3
70.9
819.0
458.0
284.4
90.8
270.2
193.2
77.0
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores
57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733
Eating and drinking places
58
6,296.7 6,333.3 6,561.5 6,540.5 6,574.4 5,734.6 5,770.5 5,985.9 5,965.0
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599
2,296.8 2,300.6 2,413.2 2,410.3
576.6
591.4
577.1
587.8
123.3
125.6
124.0
124.8
765.7
797.5
759.1
802.2
135.0
140.2
130.7
142.1
75.0
73.0
71.5
76.1
75.0
74.8
76.9
76.9
147.0
146.1
153.0
151.7
159.1
160.6
173.4
171.5
60.0
60.4
60.1
59.1
270.2
274.1 272.6
273.5
126.8
126.4
129.8
125.9
86.4
90.6
86.6
89.0
104.4
110.7
105.4
110.9
375.8
423.6
370.1
420.2
Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance
797.8
447.2
276.3
87.0
263.6
191.9
71.7
6,661
6,743
6,779
6,778
3,321
3,315
3,324
3,335
3,333
1,751.7 1,748.4 1,746.4 1,752.3
1,580.4 1,577.3 1,570.2 1,575.2
346.6 346.8 348.3
346.6
375.9 376.0 378.0
379.0
85.5
85.7
86.6
86.9
60
602
6022
6023,4
603
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616
902.9
399.8
221.9
172.9
238.3
56.1
183.7
902.3
400.9
222.6
173.3
238.5
56.7
181.3
897.5
394.8
222.6
167.4
248.8
64.8
166.2
899.3
395.2
223.2
167.4
249.4
66.5
165.4
Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers
62
621
457.1
358.0
456.6
357.2
462.8
357.1
463.41
356.9!
Holding and other investment offices
67
209.1
208.1
216.8
220.4
2,034
2,036
2,080
2,086
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance
63
631
632
633
636
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
64
See footnotes at end of table.
52
1,933.3 1,935.5 2,022.4 2,018.5
492.4 490.4
500.0
503.6
6,660
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks
1,428.0 1,428.6 1,455.2 1,458.3
585.4
584.7
595.2 596.5
198.9
199.1
203.8 203.9
535.2 552.2
534.0
553.7
62.9
61.7
57.3
56.8
606.0
607.5
624.9
628.1
Aug.
1988P
634.3
639.9
664.7
669.8
242.7
246.5
244.8
242.6
86.3
306.0
87.1
300.2
91.8
341.3
91.8
338.1
4,904
4,898
4,900
4,937
1,266.7 1,264.5 1,251.5 1,256.3
1,138.9 1,137.0 1,121.6 1,125.7
676.6
305.8
675.2
306.4
667.4
299.6
671.3
299.9
183.8
183.8
192.7
192.8
967.8
362.2
160.4
360.4
964.2
360.2
160.1
360.3
971.1
357.8
164.8
369.5
975.9
358.4
165.3
373.2
2,085
4,941
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc ....
Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers
65
651
653
655
Combined real estate, insurance, etc
66
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
1,305
Aug.
1987
1,310
June
1988
1,339
July
1988P
1,358
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
1,360
1,294.7 1,299.4 1,329.3 1,348.3
549.7
551.5
564.2
559.7
543.6
545.8
578.7
567.6
166.8
167.5
172.0
168.8
10.3
10.3
10.0
9.9
24,479 24,515 25,676 25,781 25,802 21,456 21,484 22,431 22,518 22,530
Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts
70
701
1,602.3 1,612.5 1,681.6 1,725.7
1,527.4 1,536.1 1,615.1 1,640.9
Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
72
721
722
723
726
1,127.5 1,126.6 1,196.1 1,182.9
405.8
406.2 418.9 416.3
52.4
52.2
55.5
52.5
353.1
355.9
359.6
351.6
77.6
78.4
78.9
77.6
Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services
73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374
5,214.8 5,269.7 5,507.1 5,539.7 5,578.0 4,464.7 4,519.2 4,709.9 4,739.3
214.3 216.2
212.0 212.2
158.1
158.4
159.8
160.2
157.9
156.3
156.0
159.4
96.3
100.2
99.8
96.4
233.9 234.0
210.4
211.3
725.4
719.3
720.7
724.7
650.7 651.6
656.9
654.9
1,213.5 1,253.3 1,312.5 1,318.1
180.5
182.5
189.5
193.3
955.3
991.6 1,039.0 1,039.7
652.6
657.7
725.3
736.0
516.1
567.7
512.1
578.8
244.2 247.7
283.1
279.9
301.2
302.2
331.9
326.3
739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395
2,097.7 2,105.6 2,189.6 2,204.5
197.1
201.5 203.3
196.0
589.2
619.3 622.2
589.6
453.9 453.7
468.7 471.0
247.7 250.8
262.5 262.9
81.7
79.3
82.9
80.1
Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories
Aug.
1988P
1,369.6 1,378.3 1,447.1 1,470.8
361.8
361.9
372.9
370.6
317.5
316.3
320.6
317.5
Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops
75
751
753
804.2
163.7
481.6
804.1
164.2
481.6
838.3
170.2
504.6
838.9
169.9
508.0
670.7
669.7
693.5
694.9
397.8
397.5
416.4
420.1
Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops
76
762
322.4
103.9
322.1
104.4
340.6
112.1
344.2
115.0
268.5
267.1
279.0
281.8
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
78
781
783
235.4
107.7
114.3
242.1
115.0
113.4
245.2
112.6
116.3
241.3
110.5
115.5
197.4
84.8
203.3
91.4
205.1
87.3
200.9
84.8
Amusement and recreation services
79
1,053.1 1,052.4 1,059.1 1,097.0
942.5
940.9
904.7
939.7
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities
80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808
6,870.9
1,055.4
471.3
1,297.9
869.9
428.0
3,176.0
2,960.2
76.0
139.8
135.5
266.7
6,900.7
1,064.5
475.7
1,300.8
871.6
429.2
3,184.6
2,969.4
75.7
139.5
137.2
266.3
7,232.1
1,138.1
492.2
1,329.2
889.1
440.1
3,341.1
3,113.1
82.5
145.5
148.0
287.8
7,274.9 7,290.2 6,114.4 6,138.8 6,428.8 6,467.4
1,143.6
870.2 875.5 935.3
939.3
495.7
415.3 419.9 432.0
435.7
1,335.9
1,173.7 1,176.8 1,200.2 1,206.9
894.2
441.7
3,361.4
2,898.1 2,906.2 3,053.6 3,072.6
3,131.9
82.8
146.7
149.1
289.2
See footnotes at end of table.
53
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry
Services—Continued
Legal services
1972
SIC
Code
81
Production workers1
All employees
July
1987
815.9
Aug.
1987
810.3
June
1988
843.7
July
1988P
82
821
822
824
1,224.1 1,216.9 1,360.9 1,285.9
323.7 318.3
367.6
330.7
735.2 733.1
818.8
775.8
74.1
74.8
79.8
77.0
Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care
83
832
833
836
1,494.3 1,470.4 1,580.2 1,573.7
307.7 304.4
307.3 312.3
249.9 233.2
241.7
246.3
376.7 378.1
352.9 354.0
Museums, botanical and zoological gardens
84
Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations
86
861
863
864
1,630.6 1,611.3 1,626.3 1,659.9
93.5
93.5
95.4
95.2
129.0 127.8
134.5
131.1
413.3 395.1
398.2
433.9
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
89
891
892
893
1,333.0 1,335.0 1,395.3 1,407.1
730.8
732.4
766.4
773.6
125.1
123.9
128.6
130.6
451.0
452.4
471.8 473.4
Government
4
Federal Government
4
Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
52.2
Aug.
1987
680.5
June
1988
708.4
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
709.0
52.4
1,083.5 1,085.4 1,127.6 1,135.8
616.2
640.9 647.0
618.2
347.9
16,156
15,993
17,442
16,450
16,343
2,983
2,966
2,986
2,996
2,996
349.0
362.9
362.2
2,923.3 2,906.9 2,925.6
1,001.2 996.7
967.1
810.0
801.6
829.8
1,112.1 1,108.6 1,128.7
39.5
38.9
39.4
19.7
19.7
20.9
3731
125.9
76.4
125.9
76.6
121.8
74.0
121.5
73.9
806
42.9
435.2
254.2
43.3
434.8
253.3
42.8
426.1
248.8
42.1
424.7
249.2
806
82
3,752 3,749 3,932 3,849
442.0
441.0 445.5
448.1
1,326.5 1,317.0 1,468.3 1,365.7
3,845
1,428.5 1,434.5 1,457.5 1,473.6
806
82
9,421
9,278 10,524
9,605
497.2
497.6 498.0
501.4
614.0 615.4
637.5 639.3
4,625.5 4,530.2 5,773.6 4,714.4
9,502
3,303.0 3,264.5 3,249.4 3,365.0
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
54
50.7
July
1987
686.3
845.1
Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools
50.9
Aug.
1988P
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
May
1987
June
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
47,304
47,400
48,985
49,245
49,453
38,429
38,730
39,822
40,068
40,502
6,823
6,891
7,021
7,057
7,140
95
95
97
97
99
523
534
553
564
576
6,205
6,262
6,371
6,396
6,465
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,981
117
161
114
101
318
448
861
396
300
167
3,000
120
161
116
101
320
450
865
397
301
170
3,073
121
167
116
106
327
473
882
395
308
177
3,084
123
167
117
106
330
475
883
396
309
177
3,111
126
165
119
108
333
480
891
398
313
179
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3,224
492
17
350
877
163
643
291
24
282
85
3,262
510
16
353
883
166
645
294
24
285
86
3,298
499
16
350
879
166
674
306
24
300
85
3,312
504
16
351
880
167
673
307
25
303
86
3,354
522
16
353
882
170
678
314
26
306
87
40,481
40,509
41,964
42,188
42,313
Transportation and public utilities ...
1,537
1,545
1,604
1,615
1,630
Wholesale trade
1,717
1,734
1,806
1,819
1,840
Retail trade
9,708
9,833
9,968
10,120
10,233
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
4,077
4,117
4,137
4,147
4,193
14,567
14,610
15,286
15,310
15,466
8,875
1,050
1,936
5,889
8,672
1,061
1,848
5,763
9,163
1,057
2,029
6,077
9,177
1,059
2,001
6,117
8,951
1,066
1,911
5,974
Industry
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.
55
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987
1988
Industry
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julyp
Aug.p
102,672
102,906
103,371
103,678
104,001
104,262
104,729
105,020
105,281
105,489
106,057
106,257
106,476
85,656
85,851
86,241
86,520
86,794
87,044
87,475
87,700
87,973
88,139
88,678
88,927
89,080
24,851
24,902
25,025
25,123
25,201
25,180
25,271
25,330
25,435
25,466
25,592
25,655
25,647
728
412
734
417
740
421
736
418
735
417
728
414
731
415
733
419
737
421
739
425
740
425
741
424
735
419
5,012
1,326
5,012
1,328
5,060
1,340
5,090
1,348
5,118
1,352
5,083
1,365
5,150
1,377
5,192
1,383
5,238
1,400
5,237
1,394
5,308
1,412
5,325
1,400
5,328
1,398
19,111
19,156
19,225
19,297
19,348
19,369
19,390
19,405
19,460
19,490
19,544
19,589
19,584
11,246
739
524
580
755
274
1,405
2,031
2,081
2,063
874
696
372
11,269
744
526
580
761
276
1,412
2,039
2,085
2,052
860
696
374
11,315
744
529
583
766
278
1,421
2,049
2,094
2,052
859
700
377
11,355
750
531
585
768
279
1,429
2,062
2,100
2,047
854
704
379
11,390
754
533
588
769
279
1,433
2,074
2,110
2,046
851
704
379
11,393
754
536
583
768
279
1,435
2,085
2,112
2,036
839
704
380
11,404
756
535
584
770
280
1,438
2,091
2,112
2,031
837
705
382
11,411
755
534
585
772
281
1,439
2,099
2,115
2,025
835
705
382
11,459
758
535
587
773
281
1,444
2,111
2,117
2,045
848
706
383
11,477
757
537
585
776
281
1,448
2,121
2,115
2,048
851
709
381
11,515
757
537
587
781
281
1,457
2,134
2,120
2,047
850
713
382
11,563
757
541
588
788
281
1,464
2,150
2,121
2,053
858
715
386
11,565
755
537
584
786
282
1,459
2,160
2,129
2,052
859
718
385
7,865
1,625
54
728
1,098
680
1,514
1,029
165
827
145
7,887
1,627
53
730
1,104
682
1,518
1,032
166
830
145
7,910
1,630
52
731
1,106
682
1,522
1,036
167
839
145
7,942
1,636
54
733
1,110
683
1,528
1,041
167
845
145
7,958
1,638
54
733
1,106
684
1,532
1,047
167
851
146
7,976
1,647
55
732
1,105
685
1,538
1,047
166
854
147
7,986
1,649
54
732
1,104
686
1,544
1,049
165
856
147
7,994
1,647
54
729
1,106
687
1,548
1,052
164
860
147
8,001
1,648
54
727
1,100
687
1,554
1,056
165
864
146
8,013
1,643
52
728
1,100
689
1,559
1,060
166
870
146
8,029
1,645
53
727
1,097
691
1,565
1,065
167
873
146
8,026
1,631
52
729
1,092
691
1,567
1,069
167
881
147
8,019
1,627
51
721
1,091
693
1,572
1,073
168
876
147
77,821
78,004
78,346
78,555
78,800
79,082
79,458
79,690
79,846
80,023
80,465
80,602
80,829
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
5,394
3,171
2,223
5,427
3,201
2,226
5,448
3,214
2,234
5,466
3,231
2,235
5,481
3,244
2,237
5,499
3,261
2,238
5,513
3,272
2,241
5,530
3,285
2,245
5,543
3,298
2,245
5,556
3,308
2,248
5,582
3,332
2,250
5,597
3,345
2,252
5,609
3,351
2,258
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
5,892
3,463
2,429
5,914
3,478
2,436
5,935
3,498
2,437
5,958
3,514
2,444
5,984
3,536
2,448
6,010
3,555
2,455
6,035
3,573
2,462
6,061
3,591
2,470
6,089
3,610
2,479
6,115
3,635
2,480
6,148
3,660
2,488
6,171
3,679
2,492
6,190
3,695
2,495
18,569
2,449
2,961
2,010
6,143
18,605
2,457
2,958
2,015
6,152
18,705
2,489
2,971
2,026
6,191
18,761
2,495
2,979
2,026
6,216
18,784
2,494
2,988
2,033
6,232
18,927
2,526
3,014
2,038
6,260
19,045
2,561
3,029
2,047
6,291
19,050
2,543
3,044
2,055
6,319
19,093
2,546
3,049
2,064
6,326
19,130
2,541
3,053
2,070
6,336
19,205
2,549
3,080
2,076
6,352
19,267
2,546
3,098
2,089
6,369
19,290
2,546
3,115
2,093
6,377
6,581
3,289
2,029
1,263
6,588
3,292
2,032
1,264
6,604
3,295
2,043
1,266
6,608
3,299
2,042
1,267
6,619
3,301
2,049
1,269
6,633
3,308
2,052
1,273
6,636
3,305
2,053
1,278
6,651
3,306
2,060
1,285
6,650
3,302
2,065
1,283
6,656
3,299
2,067
1,290
6,679
3,304
2,074
1,301
6,686
3,302
2,076
1,308
6,696
3,307
2,079
1,310
Services
Business services
Health services
24,369
5,212
6,875
24,415
5,233
6,894
24,524
5,282
6,928
24,604
5,287
6,962
24,725
5,306
6,995
24,795
5,321
7,019
24,975
5,385
7,056
25,078
5,405
7,088
25,163
5,420
7,126
25,216
5,443
7,153
25,472
5,480
7,203
25,551
5,501
7,239
25,648
5,517
7,261
Government
Federal
State
Local
17,016
2,943
3,971
10,102
17,055
2,962
3,973
10,120
17,130
2,966
3,985
10,179
17,158
2,974
3,988
10,196
17,207
2,980
4,001
10,226
17,218
2,973
4,006
10,239
17,254
2,972
4,014
10,268
17,320
2,970
4,031
10,319
17,308
2,963
4,041
10,304
17,350
2,957
4,050
10,343
17,379
2,951
4,049
10,379
17,330
2,955
4,069
10,306
17,396
2,972
4,073
10,351
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1987
56
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987
1988
Industry
June
Total
Total private
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
47,254 47,458 47,582 47,700 47,941 48,072 48,240 48,396 48,615 48,772 48,865 48,999 49,306
38,581 38,776 38,893 38,985 39,170 39,295 39,425 39,573 39,767 39,881 39,969 40,075 40,357
6,859
6,909
6,905
6,931
6,963
6,990
7,007
7,022
7,028
7,040
7,058
7,082
7,103
95
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
97
97
99
528
531
533
536
538
542
543
546
549
552
558
566
569
6,236
6,282
6,276
6,299
6,329
6,352
6,368
6,380
6,383
6,392
6,403
6,419
6,435
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
2,987
117
162
114
101
318
447
863
396
300
169
2,997
119
165
114
101
319
450
867
391
301
170
3,011
118
164
114
103
320
454
870
396
301
171
3,024
119
165
114
103
321
456
873
398
303
172
3,038
120
166
115
104
322
458
877
398
304
174
3,045
120
166
115
104
323
460
878
398
306
175
3,056
121
166
116
105
324
463
881
399
306
175
3,059
122
167
116
104
325
466
882
396
306
175
3,062
122
166
116
105
325
467
882
393
308
178
3,067
122
166
116
104
326
469
885
393
308
178
3,077
123
166
117
105
327
471
886
396
308
178
3,085
123
167
118
106
329
473
885
397
309
178
3,096
123
166
117
108
331
476
890
397
311
177
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
3,249
514
18
351
876
163
645
291
3,285
520
17
354
892
163
647
295
3,265
514
16
353
876
164
650
296
3,275
515
17
353
880
165
651
297
3,291
518
17
353
883
165
654
299
3,307
521
17
354
886
166
658
301
3,312
521
18
354
883
167
660
303
3,321
528
18
353
881
167
664
303
3,334
526
17
351
877
167
673
309
3,339
526
17
351
874
168
677
311
(D
(D
0)
(D
(D
(D
(D
285
88
286
86
287
86
291
87
293
87
296
86
296
87
3,325
526
17
352
880
167
669
305
(1)
298
87
3,326
528
17
350
875
167
672
307
282
85
3,321
528
18
353
879
167
666
304
(1)
296
86
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing
(D
(D
(D
(D
300
86
303
86
304
86
40,395 40,549 40,677 40,769 40,978 41,082 41,233 41,374 41,587 41,732 41,807 41,917 42,203
Transportation and public utilities
1,540
1,542
1,551
1,559
1,568
1,572
1,576
1,580
1,588
1,599
1,602
1,610
1,625
Wholesale trade
1,731
1,739
1,749
1,756
1,762
1,774
1,785
1,795
1,802
1,813
1,813
1,826
1,838
Retail trade
9,789
9,827
9,856
9,876
9,925
9,955
9,972 10,056 10,127 10,123 10,130 10,161 10,192
Finance, insurance, and real estate ..
4,088
4,101
4,105
4,108
4,120
4,126
4,131
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
4,139
4,147
4,141
4,147
4,164
14,574 14,658 14,727 14,755 14,832 14,878 14,954 14,981 15,083 15,159 15,225 15,249 15,435
8,673
1,045
1,913
5,715
8,682
1,045
1,925
5,712
8,689
1,049
1,929
5,711
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4,139
8,715
1,056
1,927
5,732
8,771
1,057
1,935
5,779
8,777
1,060
1,937
5,780
8,815
1,062
1,945
5,808
8,823
1,060
1,947
5,816
8,848
1,061
1,952
5,835
8,891
1,061
1,960
5,870
8,896
1,057
1,968
5,871
8,924
1,054
1,971
5,899
8,949
1,050
1,978
5,921
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
57
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted
1
on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
(In thousands)
1988
1987
Industry
Aug.
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julyp
69,343 69,463 69,766 69,988 70,234 70,405 70,787 70,961 71,170 71,260 71,736 71,941
17,468
17,506 17,601
17,678
17,743
17,698
17,798
17,839
17,909
17,925 18,025 18,080
Aug.1
72,070
18,066
522
528
534
531
530
524
527
529
533
535
535
536
530
3,908
3,903
3,949
3,972
3,998
3,949
4,022
4,059
4,096
4,088
4,149
4,164
4,159
13,075 13,118
13,175
13,215
13,225
13,249
13,251
13,280
13,302
13,341
13,380
13,377
13,038
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
7,483
617
419
448
571
207
1,043
1,207
1,224
1,305
684
378
271
7,499
621
420
449
577
210
1,050
1,213
1,225
1,292
670
380
272
7,532
621
424
451
580
212
1,055
1,221
1,233
1,290
669
383
274
7,564
627
425
453
584
213
1,063
1,230
1,235
1,285
665
385
277
7,590
630
427
457
584
213
1,068
1,238
1,241
1,283
661
385
277
7,582
629
428
453
583
214
1,068
1,244
1,240
1,273
651
387
277
7,599
631
427
454
586
216
1,071
1,250
1,241
1,271
649
388
280
7,598
631
426
455
588
217
1,071
1,256
1,242
1,261
648
388
280
7,632
633
427
457
591
219
1,073
1,262
1,244
1,276
658
389
280
7,649
632
429
455
594
218
1,079
1,269
1,244
1,278
660
391
278
7,676
634
429
457
599
219
1,085
1,273
1,250
1,276
660
394
279
7,720
630
432
458
604
219
1,093
1,285
1,256
1,285
671
396
281
7,728
629
429
454
602
219
1,090
1,291
1,264
1,291
678
398
280
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
5,555
1,149
41
632
922
516
846
579
108
641
121
5,576
1,151
39
634
927
520
849
582
109
644
121
5,586
1,153
39
634
929
518
851
582
109
650
121
5,611
1,159
40
636
932
518
856
585
109
655
121
5,625
1,161
41
636
930
519
858
589
109
661
121
5,643
1,169
42
636
929
520
863
589
109
664
122
5,650
1,172
41
636
928
521
867
589
108
666
122
5,653
1,168
41
634
930
521
870
592
107
669
121
5,648
1,169
40
632
926
520
871
593
107
670
120
5,653
1,164
39
632
925
521
872
596
108
676
120
5,665
1,168
40
630
923
523
875
599
108
679
120
5,660
1,153
39
633
918
524
876
602
109
685
121
5,649
1,148
37
623
918
526
878
605
111
682
121
Service-producing
51,875 51,957 52,165 52,310 52,491
52,707 52,989 53,122 53,261 53,335 53,711
53,861 54,004
Transportation and public utilities
4,477
4,502
4,517
4,533
4,545
4,560
4,574
4,587
4,600
4,611
4,632
4,646
4,665
Wholesale trade
4,720
4,736
4,752
4,777
4,802
4,825
4,848
4,881
4,902
4,924
4,956
4,973
4,993
16,520 16,610
16,651
16,671
16,795 16,902
16,897
16,949
16,949
17,028
4,818
4,824
4,825
4,823
4,828
4,842
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
16,508
4,822
4,821
4,822
4,827
4,850
4,863
21,348 21,378 21,464 21,531 21,649 21,696 21,838 21,932 21,987 22,023 22,253 22,317 22,396
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
58
4,831
17,075 17,087
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
54.1
62.2
56.5
51.4
68.1
53.0
67.3
58.9
67.8
58.9
68.4
48.1
73.8
p
70.8
51.9
76.8
50.5
74.1
55.9
76.5
59.7
78.1
59.2
73.0
47.0
77.3
46.5
78.4
50.0
79.7
55.9
82.7
53.2
77.8
55.9
77.0
58.4
76.5
48.6
76.8
46.8
78.9
48.6
78.9
51.6
79.7
53.8
78.4
56.5
77.8
57.8
81.9
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Over
1-month
span
1986
1987
1988
57.0
50.8
61.6
47.3
59.2
61.6
49.5
61.1
62.2
50.8
62.4
63.8
51.9
62.4
58.1
46.8
61.6
68.9
Over
3-month
span
1986
1987
1988
50.0
57.6
71.6
47.6
57.0
66.8
45.7
65.1
67.0
46.2
69.2
66.8
46.2
68.1
71.4
46.2
71.9
P
68.4
Over
6-month
span
1986
1987
1988
48.1
64.6
73.5
47.3
64.3
70.3
43.8
63.0
70.3
42.7
70.3
P
72.4
43.2
72.4
71.1
Over
12-month
span
1986
1987
1988
42.2
63.8
P
78.4
41.6
67.3
P
78.9
43.8
69.5
44.9
73.5
45.7
76.8
Time
span
p
Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
July
p
51.9
70.8
60.8
p
rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimates
are currently projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When
more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted
data from January 1984 forward are subject to revision.
59
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
July
1987
June
1988
1,509.9
393.7
123.7
162.5
126.3
56.4
1,541.3
408.4
128.2
163.8
127.3
58.3
July
1988p
July
1987
1,534.5
408.0
128.3
166.1
127.9
58.6
June
1988
10.5
5.3
.1
.5
.2
2.1
July
1988?
11.3
5.8
.1
.5
.2
2.5
July
1987
11.5
5.8
.1
.6
.2
2.5
76.4
24.7
5.7
9.6
8.0
3.2
June
1988
76.7
27.0
5.7
9.1
8.7
3.2
July
1988?
77.1
27.6
6.0
9.4
8.8
3.4
225.6
216.6
223.7
8.9
9.1
9.3
12.5
10.6
11.5
1,357.6
900.5
237.8
1,390.1
919.3
243.7
1,376.2
914.2
238.8
11.5
.6
1.6
12.1
.6
1.7
12.2
.6
1.8
104.6
70.1
20.0
95.9
64.3
18.7
96.2
64.4
18.8
831.6
46.8
76.0
228.1
31.7
863.5
49.5
78.8
236.5
32.9
858.1
49.1
78.5
234.9
32.3
4.4
36.7
2.1
3.0
11.6
1.7
35.6
2.0
2.8
11.8
1.6
36.1
2.0
2.8
12.2
1.5
11,605.3
1,086.8
154.8
204.1
3,985.9
105.7
807.6
203.3
598.6
544.5
857.3
927.9
783.3
144.6
123.5
142.3
125.0
12,119.1
1,120.1
160.9
208.5
4,102.0
109.6
836.9
214.2
638.6
578.5
905.9
949.0
803.3
148.9
130.7
145.2
131.9
12,013.8
1,114.0
159.1
208.6
4,078.1
112.0
832.5
214.2
629.4
574.0
898.3
946.4
799.9
146.4
128.5
144.2
131.1
40.7
1.9
12.6
.6
9.4
1
()
3.2
2.6
1.2
.8
.8
.9
.2
1.2
.7
.1
.3
3.3
2.8
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3
41.6
1.4
13.7
.6
9.5
1
()
3.3
2.8
1.2
.7
.8
.9
.2
1.3
.8
.1
.3
595.4
63.6
9.5
13.1
148.0
7.2
48.6
12.8
52.9
34.4
57.6
35.1
33.1
6.4
8.8
8.7
9.3
640.3
65.3
9.1
12.9
157.0
6.8
51.9
13.5
55.6
36.8
60.4
35.5
32.1
6.5
9.3
8.4
10.2
647.7
64.8
8.9
13.4
156.2
6.9
52.2
13.8
56.7
37.5
61.2
36.2
32.7
6.7
9.5
8.6
10.4
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont.
Denver
1,389.9
102.8
788.3
1,400.8
104.6
796.7
1,387.8
104.2
787.8
21.7
.3
14.3
20.9
.3
13.6
21.1
.3
13.7
71.6
3.7
39.1
62.8
3.2
35.9
62.6
3.3
35.6
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden ..
Stamford
Waterbury
1,637.6
195.0
474.8
249.4
126.7
84.9
1,686.3
202.0
491.3
258.6
130.9
89.5
1,661.8
196.4
485.9
256.1
129.3
87.9
1.7
81.6
9.3
21.1
13.5
5.9
4.6
82.2
9.8
21.9
13.9
5.8
4.9
84.1
9.9
22.0
14.5
6.1
5.1
322.3
271.3
337.6
283.9
338.3
284.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
20.8
17.0
22.1
17.7
23.1
18.5
District of Columbia .
Washington MSA
675.5
2,109.3
673.9
2,159.0
685.8
2,169.0
.1
1.3
.1
1.2
.1
1.2
15.6
137.2
15.9
137.7
15.5
140.2
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .
4,802.4
111.5
459.3
104.9
392.5
143.3
823.4
475.2
124.1
103.0
107.3
789.1
317.4
5,082.9
117.6
485.6
115.0
416.5
149.2
836.3
503.3
127.3
108.9
111.0
818.2
340.0
5,027.2
116.2
480.5
113.4
414.1
150.0
824.7
498.2
125.6
107.2
110.4
812.3
334.0
8.8
344.7
8.5
35.5
12.1
28.2
8.8
42.8
33.8
9.4
10.6
5.9
59.4
28.0
350.6
8.4
35.5
12.9
27.5
8.3
40.8
35.8
9.2
10.6
6.0
59.4
28.0
353.2
8.5
35.9
13.1
27.9
8.3
40.7
36.1
9.0
10.6
6.1
59.6
28.4
Alaska .
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Delaware
Wilmington
See footnotes at end of table.
60
4.1
(1)
.9
.4
V)
4.3
O
.3
.3
.6
(1)
1.7
0
8.7
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
.3
.7
.3
0
O
(1)
.4
.4
(1)
.9
1.0
.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
O
.4
.5
(1)
.4
.4
8.9
.4
(1)
(1)
.4
.4
.5
(1)
(1)
O
()
41.5
1.3
13.7
.7
9.5
O
1.0
.4
1
(1)
(1)
0
1.0
.4
O
1.7
0
(1)
.9
0
3
(1)
(1)
.6
.6
(1)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
July
1987
Alabama
Birmingham ..
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery .
Tuscaloosa ..
369.9
53.4
31.0
26.7
19.0
9.5
June
1988
377.8
57.0
32.0
26.5
19.4
9.9
July
1988P
376.1
56.9
32.2
26.9
19.3
9.8
July
1987
73.1
28.0
2.8
9.2
5.0
1.9
June
1988
73.3
28.2
2.9
9.4
5.1
1.9
July
1988P
74.1
28.4
3.0
9.4
5.0
1.9
July
1987
333.4
98.7
23.5
43.8
28.5
12.0
June
1988
339.4
100.8
24.0
44.2
29.0
12.3
July
1988P
338.6
101.1
24.1
44.3
29.2
12.2
Alaska .
22.4
16.7
22.6
19.4
18.7
19.0
43.9
43.0
43.5
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
186.8
135.4
31.0
189.7
138.7
30.2
189.6
138.8
30.1
72.6
49.9
9.5
73.2
50.3
9.6
73.0
50.1
9.5
335.8
228.5
54.3
344.3
232.2
57.0
342.6
231.0
57.0
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff
221.2
11.8
26.6
32.3
6.3
228.6
12.3
27.8
33.6
6.6
229.7
12.3
27.9
33.8
6.6
50.9
4.4
3.9
16.5
2.5
51.3
5.2
4.1
16.9
2.4
51.8
5.2
4.1
17.0
2.4
191.0
10.9
15.9
55.3
6.9
196.5
11.5
16.1
56.7
7.0
196.7
11.5
15.8
56.6
7.0
2,115.5
249.0
11.1
22.7
904.9
25.1
104.4
29.3
80.6
41.1
121.9
79.0
264.1
22.6
18.5
24.0
12.7
2,144.0
256.3
11.1
23.5
910.9
24.6
106.0
30.7
85.5
43.1
123.4
79.9
265.3
22.6
18.7
23.3
12.4
2,145.9
257.1
11.2
23.7
904.2
26.1
107.3
30.8
84.9
44.2
124.1
79.0
267.8
22.3
19.0
24.1
12.8
587.3
34.7
8.1
11.0
208.6
4.4
56.5
10.3
30.9
25.4
33.9
77.3
21.5
5.1
6.4
9.3
4.6
584.0
34.5
8.2
11.4
209.4
4.3
56.9
10.1
32.1
26.1
34.3
76.4
21.6
5.0
6.2
8.5
4.6
589.8
34.6
8.3
11.6
212.0
4.4
57.4
10.1
32.0
26.5
34.5
76.7
21.8
5.1
6.2
9.1
4.7
2,758.3
272.1
38.0
53.4
914.3
26.9
200.6
50.6
151.3
133.8
206.5
210.2
150.2
35.4
32.4
33.3
30.0
2,885.0
280.1
38.4
53.2
929.0
28.6
204.5
53.3
161.1
139.2
218.9
213.6
154.6
36.1
34.4
34.0
31.9
2,897.8
284.0
39.0
53.5
930.9
29.0
205.8
53.2
161.3
140.6
220.7
214.5
154.3
36.3
34.4
34.1
32.2
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
185.3
28.2
95.5
187.0
28.5
95.9
187.9
28.6
96.3
83.6
2.3
60.4
82.7
2.3
59.9
82.8
2.3
59.9
349.0
22.6
197.3
353.2
23.0
200.6
353.8
23.2
200.2
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury
377.6
56.4
90.8
45.9
23.4
22.5
378.8
55.3
93.2
46.3
24.2
23.9
363.1
52.9
92.3
45.3
23.3
22.2
71.0
8.5
17.4
18.0
5.2
2.9
74.3
9.6
18.3
18.6
5.5
3.3
72.2
9.1
17.8
18.4
5.5
3.0
367.4
45.2
100.1
57.3
30.6
17.1
384.6
47.1
103.9
59.7
31.4
17.5
383.2
46.8
102.8
59.4
31.1
17.5
Delaware
Wilmington
66.8
55.8
69.3
58.1
69.2
57.6
13.3
14.4
14.4
15.1
14.1
15.3
72.6
58.2
73.6
59.2
73.9
59.3
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
16.2
86.7
16.4
87.9
16.6
88.3
25.0
102.6
25.3
106.4
25.3
107.4
62.8
414.4
64.9
428.9
64.4
429.6
526.6
11.6
45.1
5.4
38.1
28.1
95.1
54.2
11.7
8.8
4.6
91.6
34.8
539.7
11.7
46.6
5.6
39.9
29.8
95.9
55.1
11.5
9.2
4.6
94.8
35.8
535.9
11.6
46.0
5.5
39.8
30.0
95.1
55.0
11.3
9.3
4.6
94.3
35.3
256.3
3.4
22.7
4.8
27.9
5.8
69.0
24.8
6.1
3.5
3.1
38.4
12.0
262.2
3.5
23.2
4.9
28.7
6.1
68.1
26.2
6.3
3.6
3.2
39.1
12.3
260.9
3.5
23.2
5.0
28.2
6.1
68.0
25.9
6.3
3.6
3.2
39.5
12.2
1,304.1
32.8
138.0
30.7
106.6
33.0
220.8
124.8
32.8
30.4
22.9
219.1
84.3
1,384.5
35.0
145.0
33.8
111.9
34.7
221.7
131.5
33.8
31.9
23.3
228.3
92.1
1,376.5
34.8
144.2
33.4
112.5
34.3
221.0
131.0
33.9
31.4
23.3
227.5
90.8
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ..
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .
See footnotes at end of table.
•61
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
July
1987
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
71.6
29.4
3.6
8.2
7.6
2.1
June
1988
70.9
29.6
3.8
7.8
7.7
2.1
July
1988?
71.4
29.7
3.8
7.9
7.8
2.2
July
1987
277.5
93.9
28.2
36.8
26.0
7.9
June
1988
283.3
96.4
29.8
37.4
25.4
8.1
July
1988P
283.3
96.2
30.0
37.4
25.7
8.1
July
1987
297.5
60.3
28.8
27.7
32.0
17.7
June
1988
308.6
63.6
29.9
28.9
31.8
18.3
July
1988?
302.4
62.3
29.1
30.2
31.9
18.5
Alaska
11.3
10.9
10.9
44.3
43.4
43.9
62.9
64.2
63.0
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
95.5
75.6
12.9
93.1
73.9
12.4
92.7
73.7
12.3
343.7
230.9
64.2
357.9
241.8
66.3
355.9
240.7
66.1
207.1
109.5
44.3
223.9
117.5
47.8
214.0
114.9
43.2
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
38.2
1.5
2.7
15.9
1.4
38.3
1.5
2.7
16.2
1.5
38.2
1.4
2.7
16.3
1.5
155.4
7.0
16.6
52.9
6.2
162.0
7.4
16.8
55.3
6.4
162.7
7.3
17.3
55.0
6.4
134.1
9.1
6.4
43.2
6.7
146.9
9.6
7.5
45.6
7.4
138.5
9.4
6.9
43.6
6.9
809.5
91.6
6.3
13.6
285.7
4.5
54.8
10.4
26.6
33.8
61.3
113.1
34.8
8.8
8.5
8.7
4.6
821.6
90.2
6.3
12.6
293.2
4.5
56.4
11.0
27.6
34.7
62.6
113.9
34.9
8.7
8.7
8.6
4.4
826.3
90.0
6.3
12.8
294.8
4.6
56.6
10.9
28.0
35.1
63.0
113.8
34.9
8.7
8.8
8.4
4.4
2,899.1
267.6
32.6
49.0
1,038.8
21.3
186.0
47.9
140.1
117.2
229.1
282.8
197.2
39.6
28.4
29.6
27.7
3,011.2
272.2
33.0
48.4
1,072.9
22.3
193.3
51.1
148.3
125.7
239.9
293.0
205.3
40.6
29.4
30.3
30.2
3,009.3
273.3
33.3
49.8
1,070.6
22.4
193.6
51.3
146.5
125.7
241.1
294.4
204.8
40.5
29.2
30.4
30.0
1,799.5
106.3
36.6
40.7
476.2
16.3
153.5
39.4
115.0
158.0
146.2
129.5
82.2
25.5
19.8
28.6
35.8
1,991.5
120.2
41.1
45.8
520.1
18.5
164.6
41.7
127.1
172.2
165.6
135.8
89.3
28.1
23.2
32.0
37.9
1,855.4
108.8
38.4
43.2
499.9
18.6
156.3
41.3
118.8
163.7
152.9
130.9
83.4
25.5
20.6
29.4
36.3
99.1
4.1
67.4
97.2
4.1
66.7
97.2
4.1
66.5
336.0
21.6
198.5
334.3
21.9
198.8
335.9
22.0
198.6
243.6
20.0
115.8
262.7
21.3
125.3
246.5
20.4
117.0
152.0
11.8
78.3
15.3
13.1
4.5
153.5
12.6
80.4
15.9
13.6
4.5
154.8
12.7
80.6
15.9
13.6
4.8
391.4
46.0
107.8
68.4
37.7
21.1
402.9
46.6
111.4
71.6
39.1
22.3
403.4
46.7
110.9
71.4
39.2
22.2
194.9
17.8
59.0
30.7
10.2
12.2
208.3
21.0
61.8
32.2
10.8
13.1
199.3
18.3
59.1
30.8
10.0
13.1
27.2
24.1
28.7
25.5
28.8
25.6
74.9
65.5
80.9
70.0
81.0
69.9
46.6
36.1
48.5
38.2
48.1
37.9
District of Columbia
Washington MSA
37.7
127.0
38.0
130.5
37.9
131.9
229.9
670.3
243.4
700.5
242.0
701.3
288.3
570.0
269.9
565.9
284.0
569.1
Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
364.5
6.5
39.9
8.1
37.8
5.5
68.5
33.7
5.7
8.5
5.1
66.3
28.8
370.8
6.6
41.7
8.3
39.7
5.9
67.9
36.0
5.8
8.8
5.1
67.0
28.2
371.7
6.6
41.8
8.3
39.9
5.9
68.1
36.2
5.8
8.7
5.0
67.0
28.2
1,305.3
31.8
123.7
29.5
99.8
41.6
222.2
155.0
30.9
30.0
21.9
218.8
93.3
1,395.1
32.4
131.0
32.7
109.0
43.5
227.7
161.8
31.4
32.2
22.7
225.9
101.7
1,390.8
32.8
131.5
32.7
109.2
44.1
226.5
161.8
31.4
32.0
22.5
226.0
100.6
692.2
16.9
54.0
14.2
53.6
20.4
104.0
48.8
27.2
11.2
43.6
94.8
36.1
771.1
20.0
62.2
16.7
59.4
20.8
113.3
56.8
29.0
12.5
45.8
103.1
41.8
729.4
18.4
57.5
15.3
56.2
21.2
104.4
52.1
27.6
11.6
45.4
97.8
38.4
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington
See footnotes at end of table.
62
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Constructior
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
2,770.2
61.9
1,374.2
156.8
92.2
118.3
102.7
2,801.7
62.4
1,392.1
157.9
92.8
118.5
102.3
2,794.8
62.1
1,390.5
158.1
92.6
118.2
102.2
(1)
(1)
Hawaii
Honolulu
459.7
367.1
469.0
374.4
469.1
374.0
01
()
0
O
Idaho
Boise City
336.2
86.9
346.2
90.3
343.8
90.1
(2)
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
4,908.2
133.8
53.8
81.9
3,035.8
155.7
50.0
95.6
187.7
133.4
124.2
98.3
5,029.8
142.5
55.7
83.0
3,111.1
155.4
50.8
97.1
197.9
138.5
128.2
99.3
5,031.3
140.6
55.1
81.6
3,115.3
155.3
50.4
96.2
196.6
138.1
125.2
99.1
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
2,308.5
47.9
48.6
98.4
126.4
184.8
224.0
607.0
61.0
48.7
109.4
51.7
2,410.9
48.6
51.7
104.6
129.8
196.1
229.5
631.0
63.0
50.7
113.8
53.3
2,397.7
47.6
52.3
103.6
130.0
195.7
230.8
631.2
63.4
50.0
112.5
52.8
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
1,103.7
85.9
206.0
41.6
50.6
59.7
1,148.4
90.6
217.7
42.5
53.3
62.2
1,126.9
90.1
216.4
42.4
53.5
61.5
989.4
85.8
226.9
1,024.4
89.9
233.5
1,009.1
88.1
231.7
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
1,305.8
170.8
439.9
32.9
1,359.5
180.6
458.6
33.9
1,351.3
177.4
459.5
33.5
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,477.5
45.6
209.3
52.2
81.0
55.5
510.6
132.2
1,498.1
45.7
210.2
53.5
82.8
53.6
517.8
132.0
1,496.7
45.4
209.7
53.2
83.8
53.7
517.8
130.8
506.3
39.0
124.7
534.7
41.3
128.7
530.1
40.0
129.0
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
July
1987
June
1988
8.3
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1
July
1988?
8.5
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1
2.7
24.5
(1)
0
0
2.5
(1)
(1)
24.3
O
O
(1)
2.5
01
(1)
()
01
(1)
()
9.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(11)
()
21.6
17.0
20.8
16.6
21.0
16.9
3.2
15.1
4.7
14.9
4.5
16.1
4.7
24.1
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.5
(1)
1
()
203.3
6.7
1.8
2.5
125.7
4.9
2.0
5.5
9.3
5.4
4.8
3.3
215.4
7.2
1.8
2.5
129.4
4.7
1.9
5.2
9.9
5.4
4.7
3.2
222.0
7.4
1.8
2.5
134.7
4.8
1.9
5.4
10.2
5.4
4.7
3.2
108.4
1.5
2.4
2.9
7.8
9.9
12.6
32.2
2.8
2.2
5.4
2.1
117.1
1.5
2.5
3.0
7.3
11.3
13.6
34.0
3.5
2.2
6.0
2.4
119.8
1.5
2.7
3.1
7.6
11.9
13.8
34.9
3.7
2.3
6.3
2.4
2.4
.1
37.8
3.0
8.0
1.4
1.9
2.3
39.4
3.2
8.4
1.4
1.9
2.4
8.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.1
(2)
(2)
.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
O
152.1
2.4
73.1
10.0
5.3
5.0
6.8
8.4
2.3
(2)
(2)
2.1
(2)
(2)
.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
.3
.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
.3
.3
2.5
.2
July
1988?
150.5
2.3
71.9
9.7
5.4
4.8
6.7
01
()
(11)
(1)
()
(2)
(2)
(2)
June
1988
154.0
2.6
74.7
9.6
5.4
5.1
6.7
(2)
(1)
01
()
(11)
(1)
()
8.5
.2
1.4
.5
.1
.1
3.2
(2)
July
1987
(1)
(1)
01
()
(1)
O
(1)
(1)
40.2
3.5
8.4
1.5
2.2
2.1
2.4
11.6
(1)
2.5
47.9
3.9
10.4
45.2
3.6
10.2
46.3
3.6
10.4
39.2
.7
.5
.9
36.3
.6
.4
.8
36.3
.5
.4
.8
61.9
11.0
23.7
2.2
65.6
9.6
25.3
2.4
67.3
9.7
26.0
2.4
55.2
.2
.8
5.8
10.3
.4
14.7
3.4
55.0
.2
.8
6.2
10.7
.4
15.1
3.0
55.1
.2
.8
6.2
10.6
.4
15.1
3.0
79.7
2.6
18.9
1.5
3.1
2.9
21.8
7.1
82.2
2.4
21.1
1.6
2.9
2.7
22.5
7.6
83.5
2.5
20.5
1.6
3.0
2.7
22.8
7.8
.1
34.2
2.4
10.0
36.6
2.4
10.0
37.9
2.6
10.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
2.4
.1
11.4
11.6
0
2.3
0
.1
(1)
(1)
.1
01
()
(1)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
63
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
568.7
15.3
186.5
35.5
20.0
18.7
17.3
570.5
15.3
187.6
36.4
20.1
18.1
16.6
567.2
15.1
185.9
36.4
20.0
18.3
16.6
176.3
1.8
116.4
5.3
3.7
4.9
9.5
177.6
1.8
119.7
5.2
3.6
4.9
8.8
177.9
1.8
120.2
5.2
3.6
4.9
9.0
697.1
12.9
379.9
34.4
20.5
26.9
25.4
694.6
12.9
377.5
33.5
20.0
26.9
25.0
697.9
13.0
379.6
33.6
20.2
27.0
25.2
Hawaii
Honolulu
22.8
16.8
22.2
16.6
22.7
16.6
36.9
30.3
36.8
30.4
36.6
30.5
124.4
97.5
125.7
98.6
126.9
99.4
Idaho
Boise City
56.4
11.0
57.6
12.6
57.6
12.9
18.0
5.2
18.1
5.2
18.3
5.2
86.5
23.0
86.0
23.0
86.4
23.3
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul .
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Molim
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
931.8
36.0
5.1
7.9
548.2
33.5
13.4
19.5
42.1
31.0
41.7
4.0
949.7
37.9
6.1
8.0
555.6
32.6
13.4
19.9
44.4
35.6
44.7
3.9
947.0
38.1
6.1
8.0
550.3
32.6
13.4
19.8
44.7
35.4
41.7
3.9
294.7
3.0
2.6
2.3
193.2
8.2
4.9
8.4
6.7
6.7
4.3
4.8
303.2
3.2
2.6
2.3
194.0
8.3
4.8
8.2
7.3
6.7
4.3
4.9
300.2
3.1
2.6
2.3
194.1
8.3
4.8
8.2
7.2
6.7
4.3
4.9
1,228.7
37.8
12.7
19.2
757.4
42.3
11.1
22.7
50.3
33.5
29.0
22.0
1,261.2
39.8
12.8
19.1
787.4
42.3
11.4
22.8
53.3
33.1
28.9
22.0
1,269.6
39.3
12.8
19.0
785.2
42.5
11.5
22.9
53.2
33.6
29.0
22.1
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
616.1
16.9
8.7
53.6
30.6
51.3
55.6
106.9
12.0
10.8
23.2
10.4
636.9
16.6
9.5
57.3
30.9
52.2
56.8
105.8
12.3
10.7
23.9
10.1
634.1
16.0
9.6
57.0
31.1
52.2
56.6
105.7
12.3
10.7
22.7
10.0
121.9
1.5
1.7
2.8
6.6
12.2
15.1
37.4
2.0
2.3
5.0
2.8
130.1
1.6
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.7
15.0
39.0
2.0
2.5
5.1
3.0
130.7
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
12.8
15.2
39.2
2.0
2.5
5.2
2.9
554.2
11.4
11.3
18.5
33.1
46.4
53.4
157.7
12.9
12.6
29.5
14.7
575.4
11.6
11.9
19.2
34.4
49.5
55.0
165.6
12.9
13.1
30.9
15.1
576.5
11.5
11.9
19.1
34.5
49.3
55.4
165.4
12.9
12.9
30.8
15.3
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
215.6
22.3
23.7
12.6
9.2
14.0
226.9
23.8
26.4
12.9
10.6
15.0
225.7
23.9
26.1
13.1
10.7
15.0
53.6
5.5
12.1
1.7
3.1
1.7
55.0
6.4
12.6
1.8
3.2
1.8
54.9
6.5
12.7
1.9
3.2
1.8
285.0
21.1
54.4
9.7
13.4
14.7
292.2
22.1
57.4
9.9
13.9
15.2
292.7
21.8
57.4
10.0
14.2
15.2
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
177.1
9.0
60.6
181.5
9.2
60.3
181.5
9.0
60.5
61.4
6.7
10.7
61.5
6.5
10.8
61.1
6.5
10.7
251.8
19.5
52.8
258.9
20.9
54.3
257.0
20.6
54.2
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
260.2
27.5
85.8
5.6
272.7
30.3
88.1
6.0
272.7
30.2
87.9
5.9
67.7
7.6
27.5
2.2
68.8
8.0
30.0
2.2
68.5
8.0
29.8
2.2
315.0
41.7
107.8
8.5
330.5
44.1
116.1
8.5
331.0
44.0
115.0
8.5
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
163.2
3.5
18.5
4.3
5.8
6.9
41.5
17.6
168.7
3.5
18.7
4.3
6.2
7.1
43.8
17.4
168.9
3.5
18.8
4.3
6.1
6.8
43.8
17.4
104.8
2.2
10.3
5.5
5.7
2.9
43.2
8.4
104.5
2.2
10.4
6.1
6.0
2.6
44.0
8.1
104.9
2.2
10.3
6.2
6.0
2.7
44.3
8.0
364.9
11.2
50.8
13.9
21.9
14.6
134.6
32.6
363.5
11.2
51.3
13.7
22.8
14.1
134.7
32.2
364.2
11.2
51.5
13.8
23.3
14.1
133.9
32.2
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
99.2
10.3
15.4
108.6
10.5
16.4
103.1
9.9
16.7
20.7
1.4
6.1
21.5
1.5
6.0
21.7
1.5
5.9
130.8
9.7
37.1
135.2
10.1
37.4
137.0
10.1
38.0
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah
See footnotes at end of table.
64
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
4.3
158.1
1.9
100.5
6.2
6.1
7.8
4.3
541.3
9.8
324.1
32.3
15.9
22.2
24.0
555.6
9.7
331.8
32.7
16.8
22.5
24.4
557.5
9.9
333.1
32.9
16.6
22.6
24.2
466.3
17.6
191.5
32.8
20.3
32.8
15.2
487.0
18.4
202.3
33.6
20.7
33.4
16.5
475.5
17.9
196.7
33.3
20.8
32.7
16.2
34.6
29.0
34.9
29.2
126.1
98.3
130.4
100.5
130.4
100.6
93.7
78.5
98.5
82.7
96.6
80.8
19.4
7.6
19.2
7.5
19.4
7.6
68.9
18.9
71.5
19.8
71.6
19.9
69.2
16.4
75.7
17.7
71.2
16.5
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
363.2
6.5
9.4
3.3
261.6
8.0
2.7
3.8
7.0
7.0
5.3
8.0
366.2
6.7
9.6
3.4
265.7
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.9
7.0
5.3
8.1
367.7
6.7
9.6
3.4
267.4
8.2
2.7
3.8
6.9
7.0
5.4
8.1
1,167.4
30.1
12.0
16.4
791.6
31.4
10.7
20.3
43.2
34.6
27.1
24.4
1,195.1
32.1
12.0
16.6
811.8
31.6
10.9
20.3
44.7
34.8
27.6
24.1
1,209.3
32.4
12.1
16.7
822.4
31.6
10.8
20.3
45.2
34.8
27.6
24.2
694.6
13.6
10.2
30.3
355.6
27.4
5.2
15.1
28.5
15.2
12.0
31.7
714.7
15.5
10.8
31.1
364.7
27.7
5.7
16.6
30.8
15.9
12.7
33.0
691.4
13.5
10.1
29.7
358.7
27.3
5.3
15.5
28.6
15.2
12.5
32.6
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
118.3
1.6
1.8
2.5 .
5.2
12.3
8.5
47.0
3.1
1.7
6.4
2.0
121.7
1.7
2.0
2.7
5.4
12.3
8.5
49.3
3.2
1.7
6.5
2.1
122.2
1.7
2.0
2.7
5.4
12.3
8.6
49.7
3.2
1.7
6.6
2.1
453.5
9.4
7.9
12.8
29.5
37.8
48.0
137.2
11.3
10.5
29.5
10.7
478.2
9.7
8.5
13.7
30.4
40.9
49.6
146.1
11.6
11.1
30.9
10.9
480.0
9.6
8.4
13.7
31.0
40.5
49.7
146.2
11.6
11.0
30.8
10.9
327.2
5.7
14.8
5.2
11.3
14.9
30.8
87.9
16.9
8.8
10.5
8.6
343.1
6.1
15.6
5.7
12.5
17.2
30.9
90.2
17.5
9.4
10.4
9.5
325.8
5.7
15.9
5.0
11.7
16.7
31.6
89.3
17.6
8.9
10.2
8.9
65.6
5.0
27.4
1.4
2.7
3.0
67.2
4.9
29.4
1.5
2.6
2.8
67.5
5.0
29.8
1.5
2.6
2.8
243.9
19.0
51.7
11.4
13.6
13.5
250.5
20.1
54.0
11.4
14.5
13.7
248.3
19.8
53.9
11.4
14.4
13.7
197.3
9.3
28.1
3.2
6.4
10.6
216.4
10.2
29.7
3.5
6.6
11.3
196.0
9.8
27.9
3.0
6.5
10.5
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
57.4
6.3
11.6
57.8
6.7
11.4
57.6
6.7
11.4
201.0
20.7
52.9
209.3
21.3
55.9
208.5
21.3
55.9
181.2
19.6
25.6
198.8
21.6
28.2
185.5
20.3
26.1
Kentucky
62.1
9.2
29.4
1.4
62.6
9.3
30.0
1.5
62.8
9.3
30.2
1.5
274.6
40.1
103.9
7.6
286.7
41.5
108.7
7.9
284.4
40.9
108.6
7.9
225.1
33.0
61.3
4.5
236.3
37.2
60.0
4.6
228.3
34.8
61.6
4.3
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
85.4
2.6
13.7
2.4
3.8
4.7
34.4
7.4
84.7
2.6
13.6
2.2
3.6
4.6
33.9
7.2
84.4
2.6
13.4
2.1
3.6
4.5
33.5
7.3
318.5
11.2
43.4
8.5
18.1
11.8
130.9
32.7
328.9
11.3
44.2
9.0
18.8
11.6
135.7
33.1
328.9
11.3
44.0
9.1
18.6
11.7
135.7
33.2
305.8
12.1
52.9
10.3
12.3
11.3
89.5
23.0
310.6
12.3
50.1
10.4
11.8
10.5
88.1
23.4
306.8
11.9
50.4
9.9
12.6
10.8
88.7
21.9
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
25.5
2.2
12.6
25.6
2.5
12.8
25.7
2.5
12.9
116.3
9.6
29.6
116.9
10.4
31.2
123.7
10.0
31.3
79.5
3.4
13.9
90.2
3.9
14.9
80.9
3.4
14.0
158.0
1.9
99.8
6.4
6.3
7.5
4.6
157.4
1.9
100.0
6.2
6.1
Hawaii
Honolulu
34.2
28.7
Idaho
Boise City
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
in
See footnotes at end of table.
65
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
2,035.7
1,092.0
461.6
715.8
2,049.5
1,095.7
460.2
727.0
2,037.3
1,090.5
462.2
720.4
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
3,050.9
1,696.0
71.7
54.0
38.4
160.0
103.8
65.4
235.5
195.9
3,156.2
1,754.3
75.1
56.3
41.1
167.5
108.2
69.7
244.4
208.0
3,118.0
1,728.2
74.1
54.4
38.8
162.6
106.1
67.6
238.5
203.8
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
3,658.4
157.6
57.3
63.3
1,833.2
169.9
308.9
100.0
191.7
56.7
152.9
3,775.8
168.0
58.3
65.0
1,882.1
167.5
323.9
105.3
205.3
57.0
158.0
3,733.6
164.3
57.9
64.8
1,867.6
165.6
322.3
103.5
200.2
57.1
157.4
1,965.4
88.6
1,282.5
57.1
67.1
2,044.5
90.6
1,329.6
59.1
71.7
2,025.6
89.5
1,318.2
58.6
71.1
856.1
174.8
884.3
182.0
876.8
179.6
6.1
.9
2,180.7
727.6
1,124.7
104.8
2,228.3
742.1
1,145.5
110.6
2,203.6
735.7
1,139.2
111.1
5.8
Montana
274.3
278.8
272.3
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
656.1
109.4
299.4
673.5
111.4
308.9
664.4
110.6
306.0
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
504.4
284.0
133.8
532.0
301.7
138.7
535.4
301.9
140.5
8.2
.3
.9
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester,NH-ME
519.9
92.8
111.3
541.0
97.4
116.3
538.7
95.3
115.1
.7
.1
.1
3,628.7
180.3
668.0
422.1
239.7
518.6
337.1
962.2
192.8
3,721.1
177.3
689.5
442.1
248.0
537.0
345.6
978.9
202.2
3,706.3
184.0
684.1
439.3
246.7
535.9
347.7
975.9
198.7
Kalamazoo
:
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
See footnotes at end of table.
66
July
1987
June
1988
1.9
.3
0
1.9
.3
1.9
.3
155.3
76.3
20.1
64.0
147.0
72.5
4.0
2.5
2.7
8.6
5.9
3.3
10.6
10.1
158.6
77.2
4.4
2.8
2.9
8.8
6.7
3.6
10.6
11.0
162.3
78.0
4.6
2.8
3.0
8.8
6.7
3.8
11.0
11.0
130.3
6.2
2.1
1.6
63.1
4.7
15.3
3.4
5.6
2.3
6.3
137.8
6.6
2.2
1.6
64.7
4.5
15.5
3.2
5.9
2.2
7.2
143.5
7.0
2.3
1.6
67.7
4.6
16.2
3.4
6.2
2.4
7.7
7.5
4.8
92.9
5.1
59.3
2.1
4.4
85.8
3.4
56.8
2.1
4.0
89.0
3.7
59.0
2.1
4.3
6.3
1.1
6.4
1.2
35.6
9.0
34.7
8.8
34.9
8.9
5.6
3.6
.1
5.7
.5
3.5
.1
3.5
.1
103.7
38.1
58.4
5.3
103.6
37.3
59.1
5.8
105.6
38.6
60.5
6.0
6.1
6.1
6.1
9.9
9.8
9.7
1.9
.2
25.9
4.5
12.9
25.4
4.5
12.5
25.7
4.6
12.8
10.6
.3
1.1
10.9
.3
1.1
31.4
19.3
7.3
34.4
20.8
8.2
35.2
21.0
8.7
.8
.1
.1
.7
.1
.1
40.4
5.5
6.5
41.3
6.0
6.6
42.9
6.1
7.0
2.5
176.9
10.5
32.5
25.7
7.0
23.9
22.4
39.8
5.6
188.7
11.3
33.9
28.9
8.3
25.1
25.4
44.0
5.7
192.8
11.2
33.8
29.1
8.2
25.4
26.0
44.8
6.0
1
0
.6
.2
0
.6
2.0
1.1
2.0
1.1
1
0
()
(1)
(1)
( )
()
(1)
(1)
()
9
.1
.1
1
(1)
()
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
10.4
10.5
(1)
1
()
10.5
(1)
9
(1) .8
(1)
(1)
0
9
.9
.9
(1)
(1)
0
0
(11)
()
(11)
()
6.7
4.0
9
(1)
9
(1)
7.4
4.7
1
()
1
()
()
(2)
(2)
(2)
2
2
(2)
( )
1
( )
c
1.8
(1)
.2
•
2.4
.1
.1
1
()
.6
(1)
.8
c
1.9
(1)
(1)
0
July
1988?
153.0
75.2
20.0
62.7
1.9
.9
0
June
1988
157.5
76.0
20.1
65.9
.7
0
July
1987
July
1988?
2
2.5
0
0
0
(1)
(1)
.1
.1
.1
.1
1
()
7
.7
(1)
.7
(1)
7
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
207.1
131.3
44.2
35.0
207.2
131.4
44.9
35.8
207.9
130.9
44.6
35.9
93.7
53.7
28.5
27.3
92.6
53.4
27.9
27.2
92.3
52.9
27.8
27.1
524.8
270.0
98.4
190.9
525.3
270.5
98.4
194.4
526.7
270.7
98.4
194.6
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
587.3
276.5
11.1
16.1
11.2
50.2
35.8
18.4
50.8
45.5
586.2
277.1
11.5
15.7
11.5
49.9
36.2
19.0
51.4
46.5
571.8
272.9
11.1
14.2
10.8
49.0
35.8
17.9
50.2
45.5
128.5
74.5
4.9
1.7
1.5
6.5
3.5
2.7
9.1
8.5
133.0
76.4
5.2
1.9
1.7
6.7
3.4
3.2
10.1
8.6
128.0
74.7
4.9
1.9
1.6
6.2
3.2
3.1
9.5
8.5
723.7
382.3
21.9
14.6
9.8
36.4
21.7
16.3
55.4
47.0
744.6
388.4
23.4
15.4
10.2
38.4
22.7
17.2
58.0
48.9
738.3
384.9
23.4
15.6
9.8
38.1
22.3
17.0
56.9
48.0
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
925.3
38.4
15.6
21.6
441.3
54.6
94.3
28.0
31.3
17.4
42.7
945.2
39.1
15.5
21.1
447.7
48.8
99.2
30.4
33.7
17.3
43.6
927.1
38.5
15.4
21.2
438.9
47.4
98.9
30.0
32.9
16.9
42.9
151.6
4.0
1.9
2.3
84.6
4.7
11.3
3.2
5.8
2.4
6.9
154.6
4.5
1.8
2.5
87.9
4.5
11.3
3.4
5.6
2.4
7.1
155.7
4.5
1.9
2.5
88.3
4.7
11.3
3.4
5.6
2.4
7.1
859.0
28.1
11.5
13.4
439.1
44.7
80.4
23.1
40.9
12.7
36.6
887.4
30.5
12.0
14.0
452.8
47.3
84.0
24.0
43.7
12.9
37.6
886.9
30.1
11.9
14.1
452.9
47.2
84.0
23.6
43.5
13.1
37.7
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
379.2
7.6
255.4
10.9
11.8
391.7
7.9
262.6
11.4
12.6
394.6
7.9
264.0
11.7
12.7
99.9
5.8
69.6
1.7
3.3
101.2
6.0
70.7
1.7
3.6
100.6
6.0
69.8
1.7
3.6
493.2
22.3
316.5
11.7
20.8
509.8
22.2
325.0
11.5
22.5
509.4
22.2
324.8
11.6
22.4
Mississippi
Jackson
226.4
20.5
235.1
21.3
233.4
21.0
42.4
12.6
43.3
13.1
43.5
13.1
187.4
42.4
191.2
43.3
191.3
43.4
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
419.3
108.5
218.7
20.0
421.9
109.5
221.3
21.5
419.0
109.4
219.6
21.5
142.4
55.5
72.3
6.9
144.1
55.7
74.9
7.2
143.3
55.0
74.3
7.3
545.1
192.8
276.6
30.1
555.4
192.6
280.0
31.6
557.0
193.1
280.4
31.5
Montana
21.6
20.4
20.5
19.7
19.3
19.2
74.7
74.2
74.3
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
89.3
13.5
34.3
93.1
13.9
35.9
92.9
14.1
36.0
42.7
5.8
22.7
43.9
5.9
23.9
44.2
5.9
24.0
170.2
25.6
76.8
171.4
25.2
78.0
170.7
25.0
77.4
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
23.6
8.8
8.4
24.5
8.9
8.3
24.5
8.9
8.2
28.0
15.8
9.1
28.6
16.2
9.3
28.5
16.2
9.2
103.2
60.4
30.0
108.4
64.2
31.1
109.2
64.5
31.3
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester,NH-ME
116.2
36.8
20.1
121.9
37.4
21.2
116.7
36.9
19.9
17.0
2.1
2.9
17.8
2.2
3.2
17.2
2.2
3.2
133.3
21.0
32.1
137.1
21.7
31.8
138.1
21.3
32.9
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
672.4
8.1
158.6
71.4
48.4
113.0
30.3
181.1
30.8
673.8
8.5
161.9
72.0
49.2
116.7
30.0
179.3
31.5
665.9
8.5
158.9
72.1
47.1
116.0
29.8
176.5
31.4
237.0
6.2
28.4
18.1
30.5
43.0
16.2
80.6
6.3
245.3
6.2
28.6
19.1
30.9
44.8
16.7
80.5
6.8
244.3
6.3
28.4
19.0
30.8
44.3
16.7
79.3
6.6
871.3
44.6
192.5
113.8
58.5
124.2
94.7
196.0
31.2
889.1
42.9
195.3
119.3
61.2
129.0
93.7
199.5
32.4
887.6
47.7
195.4
118.5
61.0
128.7
95.2
199.1
32.2
See footnotes at end of table.
67
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Sovernment
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C
126.4
76.1
44.3
42.0
128.0
75.3
44.7
42.9
128.2
75.6
44.9
43.3
549.2
288.5
138.9
213.5
551.5
288.6
139.5
213.3
553.7
289.8
139.8
214.5
375.1
196.0
87.2
140.4
390.0
201.0
84.7
150.1
371.3
194.0
86.5
140.4
Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
223.2
152.4
3.2
3.0
1.9
6.5
4.3
2.5
16.5
14.2
231.5
157.2
3.2
3.2
1.9
6.7
4.3
2.7
16.9
15.2
233.9
157.4
3.3
3.2
1.9
6.7
4.3
2.7
17.0
15.5
847.8
541.2
14.9
10.3
7.7
33.4
20.1
13.1
55.9
47.5
888.6
565.7
15.7
10.8
8.6
35.9
20.8
13.5
58.7
52.3
886.3
559.4
15.6
10.9
8.4
35.2
20.9
13.7
57.3
51.0
391.5
195.7
11.7
5.8
3.6
18.4
12.3
9.1
37.1
23.0
411.7
211.2
11.7
6.5
4.3
21.1
14.0
10.5
38.6
25.3
395.4
199.8
11.2
5.8
3.3
18.6
12.8
9.4
36.5
24.1
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
183.7
4.8
3.4
2.6
107.4
5.9
13.8
4.7
11.6
1.4
6.1
186.6
4.7
3.3
2.7
109.3
5.9
14.1
5.0
12.2
1.4
6.3
187.5
4.7
3.3
2.7
109.8
5.9
14.1
5.0
12.3
1.4
6.3
824.0
32.6
11.7
13.7
466.0
30.6
64.0
23.6
36.8
11.8
33.1
843.0
34,9
11.9
14.4
474.9
31.8
68.2
23.7
39.7
12.0
34.9
843.8
35.0
11.9
14.2
477.9
31.6
67.6
23.7
39.3
12.1
34.8
574.1
43.4
11.1
7.9
231.0
24.7
29.5
14.1
59.3
8.7
21.0
610.8
47.4
11.5
8.6
243.8
24.6
31.3
15.7
64.3
8.9
21.2
578.6
44.3
11.2
8.3
231.3
24.3
29.9
14.4
60.1
8.8
20.6
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud
121.3
3.2
94.2
1.6
2.3
124.5
3.3
96.6
1.7
2.4
124.9
3.2
97.0
1.7
2.4
479.1
20.8
326.6
24.2
13.8
498.4
21.4
337.5
24.5
14.3
500.4
21.6
337.5
24.7
14.2
293.1
19.9
160.3
5.1
10.6
325.6
21.7
179.8
6.1
12.3
299.1
20.1
165.3
5.2
11.4
38.9
14.4
39.4
14.5
39.4
14.5
140.7
38.3
144.8
39.9
144.3
40.0
178.6
36.6
189.4
39.9
183.7
37.6
137.0
58.6
75.1
4.8
137.2
58.7
74.6
4.8
137.6
58.7
74.6
4.7
510.4
169.8
288.0
26.2
517.8
173.5
292.7
27.4
518.2
173.9
295.6
27.5
317.0
103.8
132.0
11.4
342.6
114.3
139.4
12.2
317.3
106.5
130.7
12.5
Montana
13.5
12.6
12.7
65.9
65.8
66.1
62.9
70.6
63.7
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
48.3
8.1
29.2
48.3
8.8
28.7
48.1
8.9
28.6
147.9
22.7
80.0
151.4
23.4
84.3
150.7
23.0
83.8
130.0
29.2
43.3
138.1
29.7
45.4
130.2
29.1
43.2
Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno
23.7
14.3
7.0
25.1
15.4
7.1
25.3
15.6
7.1
225.9
134.9
56.1
235.4
143.4
57.1
238.3
143.8
58.8
60.4
30.2
15.0
65.0
32.5
16.5
63.5
31.6
16.1
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester.NH-ME
32.4
4.0
6.7
34.2
4.2
6.8
34.5
4.2
7.0
119.2
17.6
21.4
121.0
18.9
22.9
125.5
18.5
23.6
60.7
5.7
21.5
66.9
6.9
23.7
63.1
6.0
21.4
232.1
7.7
38.7
24.9
12.7
36.1
18.4
78.5
9.6
238.3
7.5
40.5
26.3
13.5
36.7
18.7
80.6
9.6
241.2
7.6
41.1
26.6
13.9
36.8
18.8
81.0
9.8
900.2
78.6
151.9
100.1
41.6
108.1
95.8
250.5
54.5
924.9
75.8
160.2
103.7
43.2
112.6
97.2
258.6
59.1
929.1
78.6
160.2
103.9
43.0
114.6
100.0
260.2
56.8
536.4
24.5
65.3
68.0
41.0
69.7
59.1
134.9
54.8
558.5
25.0
69.0
72.7
41.7
71.4
63.7
135.7
57.1
542.9
24.0
66.2
70.0
42.7
69.4
61.0
134.3
55.9
Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
See footnotes at end of table.
68
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Construction
Mining
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
530.1
230.9
38.7
55.7
541.6
236.8
39.7
57.1
539.2
235.9
39.8
57.3
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
8,064.1
405.2
119.4
434.2
38.5
1,133.4
4,082.3
3,547.3
80.3
101.8
115.9
459.8
98.1
297.9
121.5
417.4
8,275.6
416.3
124.0
450.1
40.7
1,167.6
4,174.2
3,633.6
83.1
107.0
122.3
476.2
100.7
307.1
126.0
420.6
8,223.1
413.1
122.2
445.7
40.3
1,155.3
4,154.6
3,613.8
82.2
105.4
122.0
469.7
99.0
303.6
125.0
422.3
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-Htgh Point ....
Raleigh-Durham
2,825.6
78.2
572.4
458.6
379.1
2,960.4
80.7
602.8
471.8
390.6
253.9
36.8
69.2
29.6
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
July
1987
15.0
.2
.1
.1
15.5
.2
.1
.1
6.3
.4
July
1987
July
1988?
June
1988
June
1988
July
1988P
15.2
.2
.1
.1
33.2
16.2
2.3
2.8
31.1
15.8
2.3
2.6
31.1
15.9
2.3
2.7
6.3
.4
359.9
21.5
5.4
18.8
1.7
64.7
162.5
126.8
3.5
6.7
7.1
20.3
5.7
18.1
4.5
28.0
369.5
21.8
5.7
19.8
1.8
65.9
163.7
127.2
3.7
6.8
7.3
21.0
5.7
18.4
4.7
28.7
6.3
.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
350.5
21.7
5.6
19.1
1.6
63.3
155.6
119.9
3.6
6.1
7.0
20.4
5.7
16.4
4.6
28.4
2,910.9
80.5
598.4
465.2
388.5
5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3
5.0
.1
.4
.3
.4
5.1
.1
.4
.3
.4
163.9
4.3
35.0
25.1
22.3
171.4
4.5
39.0
25.7
22.6
172.7
4.5
39.4
26.0
22.8
259.6
37.5
72.7
29.5
257.0
37.2
71.5
29.6
4.4
.2
4.4
.2
13.1
1.9
4.1
2.2
11.7
1.7
4.1
1.5
12.2
1.8
4.2
1.7
4,572.3
262.1
679.4
900.7
652.9
423.8
277.2
183.4
4,728.6
269.6
702.7
918.5
685.0
439.0
290.7
197.5
4,696.2
269.2
700.1
921.1
678.1
433.3
288.9
193.6
21.1
.5
.4
1.0
1.0
.4
.3
.7
20.3
.6
.6
.9
1.0
.4
.3
.6
20.6
.6
.6
.9
1.0
.4
.3
.6
192.7
9.7
31.2
30.9
29.3
17.7
11.3
8.3
200.1
10.0
33.4
30.9
30.4
18.9
12.7
8.9
209.6
10.6
34.5
32.0
31.7
19.8
13.3
9.2
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,100.0
21.8
33.1
397.6
288.6
1,107.9
21.9
33.5
399.4
290.6
1,100.7
21.6
33.2
396.4
291.0
45.8
1.0
.2
11.2
15.5
43.4
.9
.2
11.0
15.0
44.0
.9
.2
10.9
14.9
35.0
.7
1.2
13.0
10.6
33,2
.7
1.1
12.9
9.9
33.5
.6
1.1
12.9
10.1
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
1,096.5
103.2
555.7
99.3
1,147.9
109.8
578.2
99.3
1,134.6
105.2
573.5
97.7
1.5
.2
.5
.1
1.4
.2
.5
.1
1.5
.2
.5
.1
37.8
3.6
21.0
3.5
38.9
3.4
20.8
3.5
39.9
3.6
21.3
3.7
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
4,930.0
271.4
52.1
50.3
110.0
296.4
78.6
180.6
2,149.2
773.5
856.7
5,074.1
279.1
52.7
52.6
112.5
303.4
80.7
186.6
2,195.4
775.3
879.5
5,050.4
276.2
52.9
52.1
112.5
302.1
79.8
185.6
2,188.9
777.8
867.9
30.8
.6
()
2
()
.3
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
2
()
5.5
30.0
.6
()
2
()
.3
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
2
()
5.6
29.9
.6
()
2
()
.3
.3
3.7
.4
1.1
2
()
5.6
242.9
14.1
2.9
3.9
3.7
12.8
3.3
11.3
108.6
18.3
45.2
246.2
14.9
2.7
4.5
3.7
13.6
3.1
11.8
114.8
17.8
44.3
256.8
15.4
2.8
4.7
3.9
13.5
3.4
12.1
118.9
17.8
44.3
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
1
1
()
()
.4
(1)
()
(1)
(')
(2)
(1)
.8
O
(2)
.6
(2)
O
(12)
()
4.4
.2
1
()
()
(1)
O
2
.6
(2)
1
(')
(1)
.2
1.3
.7
.2
1.3
.7
(1)
(2)
.4
.4
(1)
.2
1.3
.7
2
1
2
See footnotes at end of table.
69
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
38.8
20.0
4.1
1.7
40.4
20.4
3.9
1.8
40.8
20.5
4.0
1.8
28.1
12.1
1.2
1.2
28.1
12.3
1.1
1.3
27.8
12.1
1.1
1.3
129.6
60.2
8.0
10.8
132.8
62.0
8.7
11.5
133.3
62.2
8.7
11.5
1,209.9
48.9
37.7
76.5
8.0
174.3
453.9
369.9
23.4
14.6
30.2
132.3
14.9
52.8
23.9
67.2
1,229.5
48.1
38.7
77.1
8.5
174.0
461.2
377.2
23.9
15.3
30.4
136.4
14.8
53.1
24.7
67.3
1,211.4
47.5
38.8
77.0
8.8
170.0
452.5
368.3
23.1
15.2
30.6
137.0
14.6
52.6
24.3
67.6
399.4
16.4
4.5
21.3
1.4
46.8
237.1
211.5
3.7
5.7
3.3
14.5
3.9
18.0
4.3
21.1
411.4
16.7
4.6
22.0
1.5
50.2
242.0
215.9
4.0
6.0
3.3
14.8
4.1
18.2
4.7
21.3
403.0
16.6
4.7
21.5
1.5
47.1
239.1
213.3
3.9
5.8
3.3
14.4
4.1
18.2
4.6
21.0
1,708.4
85.1
26.3
108.2
10.6
308.7
758.7
633.6
18.9
27.4
21.9
99.9
23.3
70.9
27.1
97.5
1,726.2
88.5
27.2
112.8
10.9
314.6
764.7
638.8
19.9
28.8
24.9
102.3
23.8
73.4
28.1
97.6
1,716.4
88.3
27.0
111.5
10.8
312.7
757.6
631.8
19.9
28.6
24.8
101.4
23.7
73.3
27.7
97.6
852.9
18.9
152.9
153.0
57.8
864.3
19.3
155.3
151.8
58.3
860.0
19.3
154.4
151.1
58.5
142.5
3.7
48.5
27.4
17.3
148.7
3.8
50.0
27.8
16.6
148.9
3.8
49.9
27.8
16.6
644.7
18.7
138.6
104.5
81.2
665.9
18.7
144.8
105.5
83.2
669.4
18.9
145.6
105.7
83.3
16.0
2.0
5.0
1.7
16.5
2.1
4.9
1.8
16.6
2.1
4.8
1.8
16.3
2.6
4.5
1.5
16.6
2.7
4.9
1.5
16.6
2.7
5.0
1.5
68.4
9.8
21.0
8.3
69.4
9.8
21.6
8.3
69.2
9.8
21.5
8.4
1,084.3
66.0
144.9
199.7
102.5
103.6
61.6
43.8
1,106.7
67.5
143.7
203.9
103.2
103.5
63.6
50.6
1,101.8
67.1
143.9
202.6
102.8
103.6
63.4
48.5
208.6
13.1
35.5
41.5
27.9
15.6
13.9
7.5
210.9
13.0
36.7
41.2
28.5
15.8
13.8
7.7
210.9
13.0
36.8
41.2
28.7
15.8
14.0
7.6
1,103.4
65.5
170.9
216.2
166.4
96.9
69.3
48.6
1,135.0
67.0
175.9
222.1
174.1
100.8
72.8
51.3
1,137.2
67.0
177.1
222.7
174.5
101.1
72.7
51.3
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
154.2
1.7
3.4
47.1
46.9
157.6
1.6
3.5
47.4
48.0
158.3
1.7
3.5
48.1
48.2
63.2
2.2
1.4
19.7
23.2
61.4
2.2
1.2
19.1
24.0
61.6
2.2
1.3
19.3
24.0
270.0
6.4
8.4
100.6
70.4
267.2
6.5
8.6
99.3
70.2
265.0
6.4
8.5
98.6
69.8
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
215.0
20.2
96.4
19.0
211.2
20.0
98.8
14.5
216.4
19.9
99.7
15.5
58.6
4.1
34.7
2.9
59.7
4.4
35.5
3.0
59.4
4.4
35.5
3.0
279.0
26.7
146.0
21.9
293.1
27.2
151.0
22.3
296.5
27.1
152.6
22.2
1,041.7
76.6
11.5
9.8
34.5
52.5
13.1
60.8
373.8
95.1
123.0
1,058.8
76.7
11.4
9.7
34.7
52.6
13.3
60.1
373.7
94.7
127.0
1,051.8
75.9
11.4
9.4
34.6
53.2
13.2
60.2
372.1
94.0
127.4
240.8
14.0
4.6
5.1
4.0
17.7
4.7
7.0
98.1
45.6
44.9
247.0
14.0
4.6
5.2
3.7
18.4
4.9
7.2
97.7
45.4
44.2
243.1
13.8
4.6
5.1
3.7
17.9
4.7
7.1
96.3
46.0
42.4
1,127.6
59.4
13.0
11.2
23.5
67.5
16.6
43.8
495.2
147.3
215.6
1,150.1
61.3
13.3
11.2
24.0
68.1
17.0
45.7
508.5
152.2
219.8
1,148.3
61.1
13.4
11.3
23.9
68.0
17.0
45.8
507.9
151.3
218.8
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.
70
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
27.4
15.0
1.7
2.1
27.8
15.1
1.7
2.0
27.9
15.2
1.8
2.0
125.1
64.4
6.3
15.3
127.9
65.0
6.7
15.5
128.7
65.3
6.7
15.7
132.9
42.8
15.0
21.7
138.0
46.0
15.2
22.3
134.4
44.5
15.1
22.2
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
802.7
23.3
4.1
26.7
1.4
76.6
589.5
555.8
1.9
4.1
4.6
22.4
5.1
19.5
6.8
27.7
802.4
23.5
4.1
27.8
1.4
78.6
579.5
544.5
1.9
4.1
4.9
22.7
5.5
19.6
7.1
28.7
807.9
23.7
4.1
27.8
1.4
79.1
582.4
547.1
2.0
4.2
5.0
22.8
5.5
19.7
7.1
28.9
2,218.0
102.4
22.5
110.6
9.7
294.7
1,251.1
1,102.9
15.9
22.7
25.7
110.6
25.2
71.2
26.3
117.5
2,296.4
105.4
22.9
116.1
10.2
299.8
1,289.6
1,140.9
16.8
22.9
26.0
113.6
24.8
72.1
27.0
118.4
2,302.2
106.0
23.0
114.9
10.2
303.9
1,284.9
1,133.9
16.7
23.2
26.4
112.6
25.8
72.0
27.0
119.6
1,368.8
107.0
18.8
71.5
5.7
168.8
635.0
553.0
12.7
21.1
23.2
58.9
20.0
48.9
28.3
57.8
1,443.7
112.1
21.0
75.2
6.6
185.4
673.5
588.8
13.0
23.0
25.7
65.6
21.9
52.4
29.9
58.9
1,406.6
109.0
18.9
72.9
5.8
176.3
673.2
591.6
12.8
21.5
24.4
59.9
19.4
49.2
29.4
58.5
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
129.4
2.8
37.0
23.0
23.1
133.7
2.5
37.2
23.7
23.8
134.2
2.6
37.3
23.9
23.7
491.6
19.1
104.5
81.8
94.5
514.9
19.7
112.6
84.1
98.8
518.0
20.3
112.1
85.2
99.3
395.7
10.5
55.4
43.6
82.7
456.5
12.1
63.5
52.9
86.9
402.6
11.0
59.3
45.2
83.9
12.7
1.7
4.5
1.2
12.6
1.6
4.6
1.2
12.6
1.6
4.6
1.2
61.3
10.3
18.3
6.6
63.8
10.7
19.0
6.9
64.1
10.7
19.1
6.8
61.7
8.3
11.8
8.1
64.6
8.7
13.6
8.3
61.3
8.3
12.3
8.2
246.8
10.7
40.8
55.2
57.8
18.2
11.5
8.3
252.5
10.9
42.4
56.8
59.3
18.4
11.3
8.5
254.1
11.0
42.7
57.5
60.1
18.5
11.3
8.6
1,068.2
59.3
173.7
236.0
155.9
103.9
72.0
44.7
1,109.4
62.4
182.1
244.8
164.4
108.6
76.2
45.8
1,108.6
62.5
182.3
245.5
164.9
107.9
76.3
46.0
647.1
37.3
81.8
120.2
112.2
67.4
37.4
21.4
693.7
38.3
88.1
118.0
124.1
72.5
40.0
24.1
653.6
37.4
82.2
118.8
114.4
66.1
37.6
21.8
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
59.5
1.0
1.7
24.9
17.6
57.1
1.0
1.5
24.1
17.3
57.2
1.0
1.5
23.9
17.3
234.7
5.6
5.8
88.6
70.4
239.8
5.5
5.8
90.8
70.8
241.4
5.5
5.9
91.3
71.6
237.6
3.2
11.0
92.5
34.0
248.2
3.5
11.6
94.8
35.4
239.7
3.3
11.2
91.4
35.1
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
73.1
4.9
48.1
5.5
74.6
4.9
48.8
5.8
75.0
4.9
49.2
5.8
243.6
23.8
136.8
18.6
253.0
25.5
141.9
19.9
254.5
25.3
142.3
19.7
187.9
19.7
72.2
27.8
216.0
24.2
80.9
30.2
191.4
19.8
72.4
111
297.1
11.7
1.7
1.8
5.4
17.5
4.8
6.9
166.1
74.0
54.5
300.1
11.8
1.8
1.8
5.4
18.0
4.8
7.2
165.6
73.8
54.3
301.8
11.9
1.9
1.9
5.4
18.1
4.8
7.2
166.2
74.1
54.7
1,284.4
67.0
11.1
11.1
26.4
63.6
19.4
36.5
611.3
246.0
264.2
1,345.4
69.7
11.3
11.9
27.8
66.0
20.4
38.4
630.2
248.7
276.6
1,351.9
70.3
11.5
11.9
27.9
66.2
20.1
38.7
630.1
247.6
275.6
664.7
28.0
7.3
7.4
12.2
64.5
13.0
13.9
295.0
147.2
103.8
696.5
30.1
7.6
8.3
12.9
66.4
13.5
15.8
303.8
142.7
107.7
666.8
27.2
7.3
7.8
12.8
64.9
12.9
14.1
296.3
147.0
99.1
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.
71
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining
Total
Construction
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988^
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
(2)
(2)
(2)
July
1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ...
Williamsport
York
144.9
290.3
50.3
168.3
154.0
298.2
53.4
176.2
151.4
296.5
53.2
174.5
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence
449.8
132.1
315.6
460.3
135.0
325.4
454.6
133.1
321.1
1,388.4
187.8
225.7
306.0
1,453.0
194.6
231.7
317.2
1,432.6
194.9
232.7
311.0
257.1
35.6
65.0
266.3
37.2
67.7
261.3
36.9
66.6
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol .
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
2,006.0
184.6
157.3
247.7
422.2
468.3
2,068.4
193.7
164.6
251.0
435.5
461.7
2,052.8
191.8
163.9
251.1
433.6
459.5
6.8
.8
.3
1.9
.1
.7
6.6
.8
.3
1.9
.6
1.8
.2
.6
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission ....
Midland
6,468.8
47.4
76.8
343.4
127.9
56.0
65.5
46.3
122.6
1,329.0
184.1
515.6
70.9
1,384.0
69.4
35.1
63.9
89.5
84.5
42.5
41.3
35.6
498.2
37.2
45.3
61.5
27.1
76.3
49.9
6,595.6
49.3
78.8
343.4
129.5
58.6
67.6
45.7
124.5
1,333.7
189.2
516.8
71.8
1,415.0
71.3
36.9
66.0
91.9
89.5
45.0
43.8
36.4
509.4
38.3
45.4
61.7
27.6
77.3
51.0
6,556.9
49.0
78.0
340.7
128.9
57.6
66.9
46.1
123.5
1,331.5
185.5
509.1
72.0
1,411.4
71.0
36.8
65.8
92.2
87.2
44.7
43.0
35.9
505.3
37.9
44.5
61.3
27.5
77.3
50.9
182.2
182.2
182.5
2.0
1.3
.8
1.5
1.8
.1
.7
4.3
2.1
2.1
1.2
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden .
634.0
71.9
443.1
657.2
78.7
455.7
648.4
77.9
451.8
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier.
Burlington
245.1
33.5
73.6
249.5
35.6
78.4
249.8
35.5
77.9
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
See footnotes at end of table.
72
.4
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
20.7
5.2
15.4
20.9
5.2
15.5
21.1
5.3
15.6
1.6
88.1
13.6
13.8
21.9
91.9
14.2
14.5
23.0
93.0
14.5
15.2
22.7
2.7
11.8
2.4
3.2
11.6
2.4
3.5
12.0
2.4
3.5
101.8
8.5
6.7
12.2
20.3
29.9
101.7
9.6
102.9
9.5
350.7
2.1
3.6
17.0
7.4
5.6
2.2
2.0
2
(2)
()
1.6
1.7
o1
()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
2.6
.3
2.6
.3
1
O
0.7
2
()
.3
1
()
()
6.6
.9
.3
.2
1.2
.7
1.5
.7
1.5
18.7
3.9
18.3
1.7
.1
.6
3.9
18.4
.1
3.6
.1
3.6
3.6
.6
62.5
.6
64.1
64.1
.1
.1
1.9
3.7
.4
c
3.7
.4
g
1.7
.1
.6
2.0
3.5
.4
.9
9.4
5.8
.4
2.6
.1
.1
1.9
1.6
.1
1.9
.1
7.7
14.4
2.0
11.3
6.8
6.8
10.8
20.2
27.2
11.1
20.4
27.1
326.6
2.2
4.0
15.4
8.0
6.6
2.2
2.3
6.2
51.8
328.0
2.3
4.0
15.6
8.0
6.6
2.2
2.3
6.4
51.0
9.4
9.5
19.6
2.9
86.7
3.6
9.8
9.9
1.3
6.1
.4
6.1
.4
2.1
1.7
2.1
1.6
2.0
1.6
2.6
.1
.1
2.0
1.6
.1
2.4
.1
.1
2.0
1.7
.1
1.9
30.3
26.9
1.7
2.1
2.2
1.8
3.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
2.3
1.8
3.7
2.1
26.8
1.7
1.7
8.5
28.5
25.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.7
19.8
17.6
18.0
7
18.5
2.4
4.9
18.5
2.6
5.3
18.9
2.8
5.3
.1
1.9
8.5
(1)
(1)
2.6
2.7
5
.2
.8
.2
.4
o
6.4
63.5
10.0
25.4
3.7
84.8
3.6
1.4
2.9
3.5
7.5
13.5
2.0
11.4
19.6
2.9
85.4
3.6
1.3
3.3
3.6
4.2
1.2
c
1.9
7.9
(1)
July
1988?
7.1
13.5
2.1
10.2
0.6
0.7
O
June
1988
0
3.9
1.3
3.4
3.6
4.0
1.2
2.4
1.8
3.9
2.2
25.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities
Manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
July
1987
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
June
1988
July
1988p
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
46.7
71.0
16.5
57.9
49.1
71.4
16.8
60.6
48.3
69.8
16.9
60.4
6.2
15.1
1.8
7.2
7.2
16.0
1.9
8.0
6.8
15.6
1.9
7.9
32.6
66.1
11.7
41.4
33.8
67.8
12.6
42.0
33.7
67.7
12.7
42.1
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
113.2
52.8
71.7
115.9
53.5
72.3
112.1
51.7
69.4
15.5
3.4
11.8
16.4
3.6
12.7
15.8
3.4
12.3
104.5
32.2
70.0
106.6
33.6
72.5
106.5
33.5
72.7
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
374.4
19.5
29.2
100.5
379.7
20.4
30.1
101.8
377.6
20.3
30.3
100.6
59.0
9.9
10.3
11.2
61.1
10.2
10.6
11.8
61.3
10.3
10.6
11.9
318.3
47.2
49.7
71.3
333.8
47.1
51.1
73.1
335.6
47.4
51.7
73.5
29.1
3.2
8.7
30.3
3.1
8.7
30.3
3.2
8.7
12.2
1.7
4.6
12.5
1.9
4.7
12.5
1.9
4.6
68.6
10.7
17.5
69.5
11.0
17.8
69.7
11.2
17.9
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
492.4
44.1
53.2
47.9
52.9
89.8
501.5
46.6
55.0
50.3
53.9
86.9
496.7
45.6
54.5
50.7
53.9
87.2
104.5
8.6
6.0
9.9
39.0
22.9
107.4
8.5
6.2
10.2
40.3
24.4
107.7
8.5
6.2
10.2
40.9
24.3
480.2
43.6
36.2
64.9
117.5
116.4
486.5
45.0
36.1
64.7
120.7
111.0
488.9
45.1
36.1
65.2
120.8
110.8
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
,
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
926.8
4.6
9.9
39.4
24.8
15.4
10.2
3.1
11.5
222.1
36.6
113.2
8.7
145.5
8.1
1.8
15.5
7.1
11.9
2.8
3.7
5.7
46.5
11.2
7.4
10.9
2.7
14.8
8.5
949.9
4.7
10.0
39.3
25.6
15.6
10.5
3.2
11.1
222.7
37.8
118.6
8.6
151.0
8.5
1.8
16.1
7.5
12.3
2.9
3.8
5.5
46.9
11.4
7.3
10.4
3.1
15.0
8.1
942.8
4.8
9.5
39.5
25.5
15.6
10.5
3.2
11.2
222.2
36.3
112.7
8.4
151.2
8.5
1.7
16.0
7.5
11.8
2.9
3.8
5.4
46.5
11.4
7.2
10.4
3.1
14.9
8.3
385.8
2.4
5.8
10.7
9.9
2.3
3.2
1.6
7.1
89.9
10.2
30.2
5.1
98.5
2.7
4.5
3.1
4.7
2.8
2.0
2.1
3.0
18.4
2.0
1.8
2.9
1.5
3.3
2.6
390.1
2.4
5.9
10.7
9.8
2.3
3.1
1.6
6.9
92.2
10.8
31.0
4.5
99.1
2.8
5.0
3.2
5.0
2.7
2.2
2.2
3.1
18.3
2.0
1.8
2.7
1.5
3.3
2.6
392.6
2.4
5.9
10.7
9.8
2.3
3.1
1.6
7.0
92.9
11.0
31.2
4.6
99.5
2.8
5.0
3.2
5.0
2.7
2.2
2.1
3.0
18.4
2.1
1.9
2.7
1.5
3.3
2.6
1,642.2
13.4
22.2
79.2
32.2
11.0
17.9
9.6
32.0
345.7
46.4
138.2
14.7
350.3
16.0
10.1
16.7
26.6
25.1
10.2
12.4
9.3
131.4
8.4
10.7
16.6
7.9
19.0
12.1
1,670.1
13.8
23.4
77.2
31.5
11.1
17.6
9.6
32.7
350.9
47.3
133.8
15.3
359.4
16.6
10.6
16.9
27.8
26.7
10.5
12.9
9.4
133.5
8.5
10.9
16.8
7.7
19.1
12.2
1,668.0
13.8
23.6
76.9
31.6
10.9
17.7
9.5
32.6
352.7
47.2
132.4
15.4
359.5
16.5
10.7
16.9
27.8
26.3
10.5
12.9
9.3
134.4
8.3
10.7
16.8
7.6
19.2
12.2
92.9
10.4
61.9
97.0
13.2
63.2
97.0
13.4
63.6
37.7
2.9
28.6
39.1
3.1
29.4
39.1
3.1
29.3
152.1
15.9
110.9
153.5
16.5
112.4
153.9
16.4
112.1
48.6
4.3
16.4
50.3
4.9
17.3
49.4
4.3
17.2
10.2
.9
3.0
10.8
.9
3.0
10.7
.9
3.0
57.6
7.1
17.3
58.4
7.6
18.3
58.7
7.5
18.2
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Waco
Wichita Falls
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
....
See footnotes at end of table.
73
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
3overnment
Services
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
7.6
13.0
2.3
5.1
8.2
13.0
2.4
5.3
8.2
13.2
2.4
5.3
29.5
71.4
9.8
29.5
31.5
74.5
10.6
30.9
31.6
75.5
10.9
30.7
15.2
39.5
6.1
16.6
16.7
41.4
7.1
17.5
15.1
39.6
6.4
16.3
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
25.9
3.7
21.5
26.2
3.7
21.8
26.4
3.8
22.0
113.4
24.4
82.7
115.4
25.0
85.7
115.8
25.0
86.0
56.5
10.3
42.4
58.8
10.3
44.8
56.8
10.3
43.0
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
66.1
8.7
18.4
11.9
67.6
9.0
19.2
12.1
67.7
8.9
19.3
12.1
247.1
40.0
43.6
52.9
260.9
40.9
44.8
55.9
258.9
41.1
44.9
55.9
233.7
48.8
60.3
36.0
256.4
52.7
61.0
39.2
236.9
52.3
60.3
34.0
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
14.6
1.8
6.2
14.8
1.7
6.5
14.8
1.7
6.6
62.7
9.6
18.1
63.9
9.6
18.7
64.0
9.9
18.7
55.6
5.9
6.7
61.2
7.1
7.8
55.3
6.2
6.4
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
104.3
12.0
5.4
9.7
24.5
33.6
103.6
11.6
5.5
9.7
25.0
33.5
103.9
11.6
5.6
9.5
25.0
33.5
411.4
36.7
27.8
52.3
99.3
113.1
428.0
37.9
30.9
51.9
101.3
111.7
428.0
37.5
31.1
52.2
101.5
112.0
304.7
30.2
21.8
48.9
68.6
61.8
333.1
33.7
23.8
51.5
73.9
66.4
318.1
33.1
23.3
50.4
70.9
64.0
Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls
445.4
2.6
4.5
25.2
5.3
2.1
3.5
1.8
7.0
133.7
9.6
28.4
4.4
102.8
3.0
1.6
2.7
5.5
3.9
2.5
1.6
1.8
40.1
1.7
1.9
3.7
1.5
4.8
2.4
441.3
2.6
4.4
24.8
5.3
2.0
3.5
1.6
7.0
128.5
9.6
26.8
4.2
97.0
2.9
1.7
2.7
5.5
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.5
1.8
1.9
3.6
1.6
4.7
2.4
442.7
2.6
4.4
24.7
5.3
2.0
3.5
1.6
6.9
129.3
9.6
26.7
4.2
97.1
2.9
1.7
2.7
5.5
3.8
2.5
1.7
1.8
40.9
1.8
1.9
3.6
1.6
4.7
2.3
1,440.4
12.5
16.7
84.4
28.0
7.7
14.3
8.7
27.6
313.5
35.2
113.7
14.4
361.6
15.1
5.8
11.5
21.4
14.4
8.5
6.9
7.6
120.5
8.0
9.4
14.7
5.7
19.1
11.4
1,495.1
12.6
16.8
83.6
28.2
8.1
15.0
8.5
29.1
322.7
36.2
116.8
15.2
372.4
15.7
6.1
11.6
22.2
14.4
8.9
7.4
7.9
126.2
8.5
9.6
14.8
5.9
19.7
11.5
1,500.3
12.6
17.0
83.4
28.2
8.1
15.2
8.4
28.9
321.7
35.8
117.5
15.3
374.9
15.6
6.0
11.5
22.4
14.4
8.9
7.4
8.0
126.6
8.4
9.7
14.7
5.7
19.8
11.6
1,095.3
7.8
12.8
86.7
18.8
10.1
14.2
18.8
26.7
141.9
36.1
62.9
19.3
178.0
20.8
7.9
8.0
20.3
21.6
5.8
6.7
6.1
108.4
4.1
11.9
8.6
4.4
11.5
9.2
1,140.3
8.9
13.1
91.7
19.6
11.2
15.6
18.3
27.6
146.6
38.0
66.6
20.5
186.6
21.1
8.5
8.5
19.9
24.5
7.0
7.6
6.7
114.5
4.3
12.0
9.1
4.4
11.7
10.2
1,100.0
8.4
12.4
89.2
19.0
10.4
14.6
18.9
26.6
143.3
36.0
65.4
20.7
178.4
21.0
8.5
8.4
20.0
23.3
6.6
7.0
6.4
109.3
4.1
11.3
8.7
4.5
11.4
9.8
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
34.7
2.4
28.5
33.9
2.3
28.2
34.2
2.3
28.1
148.2
25.2
102.5
156.1
26.7
108.2
156.5
27.0
109.6
132.0
12.4
88.2
143.3
14.0
94.0
133.4
12.7
88.4
Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
12.2
3.1
3.7
12.5
2.9
3.7
12.7
3.0
3.8
61.7
7.7
18.7
60.3
8.0
19.8
62.7
8.6
20.5
35.8
7.8
9.6
37.9
8.5
11.0
36.0
8.2
9.9
See footnotes at end of table.
74
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total
Mining
Construction
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
2,695.9
30.8
64.0
39.6
70.5
557.6
718.0
438.1
121.8
2,816.4
33.5
65.8
41.4
73.7
578.9
758.3
454.4
120.6
2,805.5
33.0
66.2
40.9
71.2
575.3
763.0
454.7
118.1
15.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.5
.2
15.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2
15.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
.6
.2
193.0
1.0
3.9
1.8
3.5
41.5
55.7
30.3
8.0
200.6
1.0
3.7
2.1
3.5
40.3
59.0
31.7
7.9
206.0
1.0
3.9
2.2
3.6
41.4
60.8
32.2
8.1
Washington
Seattle
1,842.8
934.2
1,943.8
986.6
1,923.5
985.5
3.0
.6
3.4
.7
3.4
.7
92.0
48.1
101.7
52.9
105.0
53.8
601.3
107.5
102.7
60.0
59.2
607.4
107.2
104.1
60.6
59.3
611.1
108.0
104.1
60.9
59.3
35.9
2.2
1.4
.6
2.4
33.9
2.0
1.3
.6
2.2
33.7
2.0
1.3
.6
2.2
25.9
4.6
4.6
3.1
2.2
26.8
4.5
4.7
3.1
2.3
27.1
4.5
4.7
3.2
2.4
2,087.8
144.9
53.8
94.2
54.2
40.7
50.0
196.5
693.7
69.4
45.7
2,179.1
151.9
58.0
99.4
57.1
41.7
53.9
204.4
723.0
72.2
48.2
2,159.3
151.2
57.3
98.5
56.0
41.6
54.1
202.6
715.3
72.0
47.4
2.6
72.0
6.9
1.6
3.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
7.5
21.9
2.0
1.4
75.6
6.7
1.7
3.6
1.2
.7
2.0
7.9
22.5
1.8
1.6
77.2
7.1
1.8
3.6
1.2
.8
2.1
7.9
22.7
2.1
1.6
Wyoming
183.2
183.9
181.0
17.8
17.8
12.0
9.4
9.7
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
773.1
49.6
55.9
50.6
476.2
820.6
52.4
56.1
51.9
495.6
822.1
52.7
57.7
51.4
495.5
.8
.8
34.9
39.7
40.1
40.1
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Virgin Islands
July
1987
June
1988
2.4
0
(1)
O
(1)
(1)
O
2.5
0
17.5
0
July
1988?
July
1987
O
(1)
O
(1)
(1)
(1)
O
June
1988
38.2
0
0
0
2.9
26.0
O
July
1988^
0
0
3.5
28.4
3.6
28.5
1.5
See footnotes at end of table.
75
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing3
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
429.8
10.1
8.7
16.9
23.8
67.7
35.5
62.1
19.8
429.0
11.4
8.7
16.7
23.4
70.6
35.7
62.1
19.4
426.0
11.5
8.6
17.0
23.0
70.3
35.5
62.2
19.2
143.9
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.9
26.6
50.3
22.9
8.9
147.5
1.1
2.3
1.0
2.9
26.5
54.1
23.6
8.7
148.1
1.1
2.3
1.1
2.8
26.4
55.1
23.5
8.7
615.8
7.9
13.2
8.5
14.3
137.8
160.7
105.0
34.3
647.0
8.4
14.2
9.3
15.6
141.6
169.7
110.9
32.1
649.7
8.5
14.4
9.2
15.5
142.7
170.8
111.2
32.3
Washington ....
Seattle
318.8
184.3
333.3
194.6
331.3
195.7
100.3
59.8
104.1
61.0
105.2
61.1
460.5
230.0
478.5
238.6
480.2
242.1
85.5
11.0
19.3
14.1
7.0
86.7
10.8
19.4
14.5
7.2
86.8
10.8
19.5
14.5
7.2
36.6
8.4
7.9
2.2
3.2
37.0
8.5
7.7
2.2
3.3
37.1
8.6
7.7
2.2
3.3
140.2
28.0
26.5
14.6
16.2
144.1
28.5
27.0
14.6
16.2
145.1
28.6
26.8
14.7
16.1
537.4
51.7
10.3
25.6
17.8
13.4
10.9
22.9
168.3
23.7
13.4
555.8
54.1
11.0
25.8
17.8
14.3
11.4
23.5
175.6
24.8
14.3
557.5
54.4
11.0
26.3
17.7
14.5
11.3
23.8
175.1
24.8
14.3
92.3
5.1
3.3
6.4
2.1
1.3
2.5
6.9
34.0
2.2
2.6
97.9
5.3
3.7
6.3
2.5
1.3
2.6
7.4
35.7
2.3
2.9
95.7
5.3
3.5
6.3
2.1
1.2
2.6
7.3
34.6
2.2
2.7
502.3
30.8
15.7
25.0
13.5
9.1
14.0
43.9
162.7
16.6
11.3
523.3
32.2
16.8
26.0
14.0
9.4
14.4
45.8
168.2
17.5
11.6
524.3
32.4
16.6
26.0
14.1
9.4
14.6
45.7
168.7
17.4
11.6
8.1
8.1
8.3
12.8
12.7
12.8
41.7
40.9
40.8
149.9
15.6
19.5
9.3
64.5
151.0
14.7
18.1
8.7
66.1
152.8
15.1
19.7
8.7
65.8
16.3
(1)
1
()
15.2
(1)
15.3
(1)
V)
C)
O
O
12.9
133.7
9.1
7.6
7.8
92.8
139.5
9.7
7.9
8.2
98.4
139.3
9.8
7.7
8.2
98.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.6
9.0
9.3
9.2
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta....
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah ....
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming ....
Puerto Rico .
Caguas
Mayaguez ...
Ponce
San Juan ....
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.
76
2.2
0
12.8
12.7
2.6
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services
Government
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
148.1
1.2
3.6
1.2
3.8
27.7
47.3
36.5
8.2
150.9
1.4
3.6
1.3
4.1
28.5
49.5
36.7
8.6
152.2
1.4
3.6
1.3
4.1
28.7
50.7
37.0
8.5
639.9
4.6
12.0
5.7
13.3
134.5
227.0
94.0
27.6
686.7
5.0
12.3
5.6
14.2
143.1
243.9
97.8
28.2
688.6
5.0
12.3
5.6
13.1
143.6
244.9
98.0
27.7
509.7
4.8
20.2
4.4
8.9
121.8
141.2
86.8
14.8
539.5
5.1
20.9
5.3
9.9
128.2
145.9
91.0
15.5
519.8
4.4
21.0
4.4
9.0
122.1
144.7
90.0
13.4
Washington
Seattle
108.5
68.5
109.1
68.9
109.6
69.3
420.8
218.4
446.5
237,1
445.8
236.8
338.9
124.5
367.2
132.8
343.0
126.0
24.5
6.1
3.9
2.3
2.7
24.5
6.1
3.9
2.3
2.7
24.6
6.1
3.9
2.3
2.7
125.4
25.8
20.5
13.5
15.9
125.4
25.5
21.8
13.4
15.6
125.0
25.6
21.7
13.3
15.6
127.3
21.4
18.6
9.6
9.6
129.0
21.3
18.3
9.9
9.8
131.7
21.8
18.5
10.1
9.8
114.3
7.2
2.0
3.5
1.7
1.3
1.5
17.9
49.6
2.3
3.4
115.3
7.6
2.0
3.6
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.4
49.3
2.3
3.5
115.8
7.6
2.0
3.7
1.7
1.4
1.5
18.7
49.3
2.3
3.4
462.1
27.8
12.1
20.4
11.7
8.2
13.8
42.3
181.5
14.3
8.1
475.7
28.6
12.5
22.5
12.7
8.1
14.4
44.5
187.4
14.9
8.3
476.4
28.4
12.6
22.3
12.6
8.1
14.6
44.0
187.3
15.1
8.4
305.0
15.1
8.7
10.0
5.9
6.1
5.9
54.9
75.5
8.2
5.4
333.0
17.0
10.3
11.5
7.1
6.5
7.6
56.7
84.0
8.5
6.0
309.8
15.7
9.8
10.2
6.5
6.2
7.4
55.0
77.3
8.0
5.4
7.5
7.2
7.2
35.4
35.9
36.1
48.2
51.9
48.3
35.1
36.2
36.3
104.5
112.5
327.2
18.4
20.8
18.9
179.0
327.4
18.2
20.9
18.6
179.6
13.2
13.8
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.
28.7
29.3
29.4
9.2
74.7
9.1
81.3
9.0
80.7
297.8
16.5
19.7
18.3
176.2
1.7
1.7
1.7
8.8
9.2
8.7
13.9
0
O
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987 benchmarks except
Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December 1986 benchmarks.
77
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month
Mining
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
Construction
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99
9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.52
397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
530.85
37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.69
367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
479.68
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
August
September
October
November.
December,
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
Julyp
August"
35.2
34.7
34.9
34.8
34.8
$8.94
9.05
9.08
9.13
9.13
$314.69
314.04
316.89
317.72
317.72
42.7
42.3
42.9
42.6
43.1
$12.40
12.50
12.42
12.54
12.60
$529.48
528.75
532.82
534.20
543.06
38.6
36.5
38.8
37.1
37.6
$12.68
12.79
12.82
12.83
12.81
$489.45
466.84
497.42
475.99
481.66
34.4
34.5
34.4
34.7
34.6
34.9
35.1
35.0
9.18
9.17
9.18
9.23
9.26
9.23
9.24
9.24
315.79
316.37
315.79
320.28
320.40
322.13
324.32
323.40
42.1
41.8
41.9
42.8
42.2
42.5
42.5
42.5
12.77
12.71
12.59
12.60
12.54
12.55
12.67
12.63
537.62
531.28
527.52
539.28
529.19
533.38
538.48
536.78
35.9
36.1
37.4
37.9
38.2
38.7
38.6
38.6
12.99
12.82
12.87
12.88
12.87
12.85
12.90
12.93
466.34
462.80
481.34
488.15
491.63
497.30
497.94
499.10
See footnotes at end of table.
79
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities
Manufacturing
Year and
month
Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime
Weekly
earnings
$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34
39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Wholesale trade
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23
$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58
39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39
137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93
39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.59
267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.38
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
August
September
October
November.
December.
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July"
August"
$403.27
407.59
410.94
414.41
420.93
39.7
39.2
39.4
39.3
39.2
$12.06
12.11
12.12
12.21
12.24
$478.78
474.71
477.53
479.85
479.81
38.3
38.0
38.3
38.2
38.2
$9.60
9.64
9.65
9.72
9.73
$367.68
366.32
369.60
371.30
371.69
10.07
10.05
10.07
10.12
10.14
10.16
10.16
10.11
9.62
9.63
9.64
9.68
9.70
9.70
9.72
9.65
412.87
409.04
411.86
414.92
414.73
418.59
413.51
412.49
39.0
38.9
38.6
39.2
39.2
39.5
39.7
39.6
12.16
12.23
12.19
12.27
12.28
12.27
12.30
12.36
474.24
475.75
470.53
480.98
481.38
484.67
488.31
489.46
37.9
37.9
37.9
38.2
38.0
38.1
38.3
38.0
9.78
9.78
9.78
9.88
9.87
9.85
9.93
9.89
370.66
370.66
370.66
377.42
375.06
375.29
380.32
375.82
$9.86
9.99
9.95
41.0
40.7
40.9
41.0
40.9
41.2
40.7
40.8
See footnotes at end of table.
80
10.01
10.07
$9.42
9.53
9.48
9.54
9.59
40.9
40.8
41.3
41.4
41.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Retail trade
Year and
month
Services
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.48
190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.60
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
Weekly
earnings
Weekly
hours
Hourly
earnings
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.11
147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.41
36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
Weekly
earnings
Annual averages
Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1987:
August
September
October....
November
December
1988:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
Julyp
Augusf
30.2
29.5
29.1
29.0
29.3
$6.07
6.20
6.16
6.18
6.19
$183.31
182.90
179.26
179.22
181.37
36.4
36.0
36.2
36.3
36.0
$8.74
8.73
8.76
8.89
8.81
$318.14
314.28
317.11
322.71
317.16
32.9
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.4
$8.40
8.54
8.61
8.71
8.73
$276.36
276.70
279.83
283.08
282.85
28.3
28.5
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.4
30.0
29.8
6.24
6.23
6.24
6.26
6.28
6.26
6.28
6.25
176.59
177.56
178.46
180.91
181.49
184.04
188.40
186.25
36.2
36.4
35.8
36.2
35.8
35.8
36.2
35.5
8.96
9.02
8.97
9.03
9.09
8.98
9.02
9.04
324.35
328.33
321.13
326.89
325.42
321.48
326.52
320.92
32.4
32.6
32.3
32.6
32.4
32.7
33.0
32.8
8.81
8.81
8.80
8.82
8.84
8.78
8.79
8.78
285.44
287.21
284.24
287.53
286.42
287.11
290.07
287.98
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1987 forward are subject to revision.
81
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Total private
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Average overtime hours
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
35.0
35.2
34.9
35.1
35.0
42.0
42.7
42.5
42.5
42.5
42.0
40.0
43.6
42.3
41.3
43.6
42.3
41.4
43.1
43.0
41.7
45.4
42.2
42.2
42.1
42.1
42.1
42.5
41.8
41.8
40.6
42.4
41.4
41.5
41.3
41.9
44.0
40.8
46.3
48.6
46.7
49.0
46.8
48.4
46.6
48.3
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.6
15
152
153
154
37.8
37.1
38.0
38.5
37.8
37.0
38.4
38.6
37.9
37.0
38.5
39.0
37.9
36.9
39.0
39.0
16
161
162
42.8
44.9
41.5
43.1
44.6
42.1
43.4
45.2
42.2
42.9
44.4
41.9
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
37.8
38.7
36.4
39.2
35.8
36.1
35.2
37.7
38.6
36.3
39.0
35.8
36.0
35.5
37.7
39.0
36.7
38.7
35.6
35.6
35.6
37.7
39.2
36.5
39.1
35.5
35.6
34.4
40.6
40.9
41.2
40.7
40.8
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.9
41.0
41.3
42.0
41.2
41.3
3.6
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.9
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Average weekly hours
14
142
Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
38.6
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
40.4
39.6
41.2
41.4
41.0
40.5
41.2
40.0
39.8
40.0
38.9
40.3
40.1
39.9
40.8
39.7
42.0
42.2
41.5
41.0
41.5
39.9
41.2
41.8
38.8
39.8
39.6
40.5
40.9
41.0
41.6
42.0
40.1
40.6
40.9
39.8
41.0
41.6
39.4
40.6
40.1
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.9
41.2
39.4
40.3
40.4
39.5
40.1
41.5
39.0
40.1
39.6
39.8
40.5
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.7
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.3
3.1
3.5
3.0
3.0
4.1
4.8
4.9
5.2
4.0
3.9
3.5
3.3
3.9
5.2
3.0
3.3
2.8
3.2
3.9
4.2
4.4
4.6
3.5
3.8
3.3
3.4
3.8
5.1
3.6
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.5
4.2
4.5
3.1
3.7
3.3
2.8
3.5
5.5
3.4
3.1
2.9
3.1
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
39.3
38.9
39.3
37.9
40.3
39.2
39.3
41.2
40.0
39.5
40.3
39.9
40.0
39.1
40.3
40.7
41.5
40.3
41.1
40.8
39.4
39.0
39.3
37.9
40.3
40.6
39.9
41.4
39.7
39.5
38.8
38.2
38.8
36.7
38.7
38.7
40.0
41.1
39.3
40.0
39.3
2.5
2.3
2.3
1.7
3.0
3.4
2.5
3.8
3.3
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.3
3.2
4.1
3.7
3.6
4.2
3.5
2.6
2.3
2.4
1.8
2.7
3.5
2.4
4.7
3.0
2.8
2.4
1.9
2.1
1.2
2.4
3.1
2.7
4.1
3.2
3.0
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
32
321
322
42.6
44.3
40.9
42.6
45.3
41.4
42.8
45.4
41.0
42.5
46.6
41.4
43.0
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.4
6.2
4.9
5.3
7.5
4.4
5.2
7.1
5.0
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.
82
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
1972
SIC
Code
Total private
Mining
Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores
10
101
102
Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining
11,12
12
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
$8.90
$8.94
$9.23
$9.24
$9.24 $311.50 $314.69 $322.13 $324.32 $323.40
12.41
12.40
12.55
12.67
12.63
12.92
14.84
11.25
12.94
14.68
11.33
13.17
14.55
11.68
13.18
14.76
11.46
15.64
15.69
15.83
15.88
521.22
529.48
533.38
538.48
542.64
593.60
490.50
547.36
606.28
493.99
557.09
602.37
503.41
566.74
615.49
520.28
614.26
618.19
660.01
662.12
666.44
668.55
642.65
644.69
536.78
13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services
11.50
14.03
9.91
11.35
13.91
9.89
11.58
14.32
10.05
11.85
14.46
10.26
484.15
596.28
414.24
474.43
564.75
419.34
479.41
594.28
415.07
496.52
636.24
418.61
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
10.60
10.04
10.69
10.18
10.94
10.40
11.03
10.46
490.78
487.94
499.22
498.82
511.99
503.36
514.00
505.22
12.60
12.68
12.85
12.90
486.36
489.45
497.30
497.94
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
15
152
153
154
11.59
10.77
10.22
12.57
11.73
10.96
10.43
12.64
11.98
11.30
11.04
12.83
11.96
11.28
10.87
12.80
438.10
399.57
388.36
483.95
443.39
405.52
400.51
487.90
454.04
418.10
425.04
500.37
453.28
416.23
423.93
499.20
16
161
162
12.11
12.09
12.12
12.13
12.17
12.10
12.38
12.46
12.32
12.53
12.58
12.50
518.31
542.84
502.98
522.80
542.78
509.41
537.29
563.19
519.90
537.54
558.55
523.75
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
13.18
13.39
12.56
14.70
13.44
12.41
11.58
13.25
13.44
12.57
14.68
13.49
12.57
11.74
13.37
13.67
12.52
14.71
13.63
12.77
11.84
13.41
13.75
12.68
14.67
13.54
12.72
12.05
498.20
518.19
457.18
576.24
481.15
448.00
407.62
499.53
518.78
456.29
572.52
482.94
452.52
416.77
504.05
533.13
459.48
569.28
485.23
454.61
421.50
505.56
539.00
462.82
573.60
480.67
452.83
414.52
9.87
9.86
10.16
10.16
10.11
400.72
403.27
418.59
413.51
412.49
10.38
10.39
10.69
10.67
10.62
425.58
429.11
448.98
439.60
438.61
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249
8.45
10.79
8.60
8.95
6.78
8.35
8.65
7.61
6.89
9.77
6.21
7.97
8.04
7.32
8.48
10.92
8.60
8.94
6.83
8.39
8.68
7.71
6.87
9.80
6.26
7.92
8.00
7.30
8.60
10.83
8.71
9.04
7.03
8.62
8.79
8.04
6.99
10.20
6.34
8.09
8.22
7.42
8.64
11.07
8.72
9.03
7.07
8.59
8.76
7.89
7.02
10.29
6.40
8.03
8.09
7.48
8.60
341.38
427.28
354.32
370.53
277.98
338.18
356.38
304.40
274.22
390.80
241.57
321.19
322.40
292.07
345.98
433.52
361.20
377.27
283.45
343.99
360.22
307.63
283.04
409.64
242.89
315.22
316.80
295.65
351.74
444.03
362.34
379.68
281.90
349.97
359.51
319.99
286.59
424.32
249.80
328.45
329.62
300.51
348.19
445.01
356.65
372.04
278.56
346.18
353.90
311.66
281.50
427.04
249.60
322.00
320.36
297.70
348.30
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259
7.66
7.05
6.53
7.69
7.21
7.63
8.66
8.06
9.18
8.09
7.74
7.10
6.55
7.76
7.34
7.66
8.93
8.08
9.09
8.25
7.91
7.29
6.81
7.91
7.37
7.76
9.01
8.48
9.32
8.33
7.97
7.34
6.90
7.91
7.64
7.69
9.22
8.37
9.34
8.17
8.01
301.04
274.25
256.63
291.45
290.56
299.10
340.34
332.07
367.20
319.56
311.92
283.29
262.00
303.42
295.80
311.76
370.60
325.62
373.60
336.60
311.65
284.31
267.63
299.79
297.01
315.06
359.50
351.07
370.00
329.04
309.24
280.39
267.72
290.30
295.67
297.60
368.80
344.01
367.06
326.80
314.79
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
32
321
322
10.30
14.05
11.62
10.28
14.27
11.48
10.48
15.02
11.69
10.60
14.84
11.90
10.54
438.78
622.42
475.26
437.93
646.43
475.27
448.54
681.91
479.29
450.50
691.54
492.66
453.22
14
142
Crushed and broken stone
12.93
499.10
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
See footnotes at end of table.
83
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
1972
SIC
Code
See footnotes at end of table.
84
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
329
3291
3292
40.6
41.2
41.3
42.0
42.0
39.3
44.7
45.3
43.7
45.0
41.6
42.7
40.3
41.7
41.0
41.1
41.9
42.3
39.9
44.3
45.4
43.6
44.0
41.7
42.6
41.3
40.8
41.2
41.9
42.5
42.1
40.1
44.7
46.7
43.4
44.7
42.6
43.8
42.5
41.5
41.3
41.9
42.4
42.0
39.6
44.0
45.6
43.1
43.6
42.0
42.7
39.9
33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
42.8
43.7
44.2
41.7
42.2
42.3
41.4
41.9
43.3
44.0
42.9
41.6
44.3
42.7
40.5
41.3
42.9
43.3
43.4
42.1
42.5
42.7
42.1
42.4
43.3
44.3
43.2
43.6
44.2
42.9
41.6
42.3
43.7
44.5
44.7
44.0
43.5
43.9
42.0
43.1
43.4
43.8
43.7
43.7
45.3
43.3
42.0
42.8
43.1
44.1
44.6
41.4
42.5
42.3
41.7
42.7
43.7
43.8
43.0
42.5
45.3
42.4
40.7
41.0
40.8
44.4
44.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.4
40.4
39.9
40.6
41.2
40.4
41.3
39.5
40.5
41.6
40.7
42.7
40.5
40.9
41.0
39.7
40.8
40.4
41.5
40.6
39.4
40.5
40.7
40.8
41.3
44.9
45.1
40.7
41.1
40.2
41.0
41.4
40.1
41.0
42.2
40.4
42.1
39.8
40.5
42.1
41.0
43.5
41.6
41.6
42.3
40.6
40.7
40.5
41.0
40.7
39.5
40.8
41.5
40.2
42.1
44.8
45.1
41.9
41.4
41.8
40.9
40.7
40.5
41.2
42.3
40.6
42.9
39.8
40.3
43.3
42.2
44.7
43.6
43.4
46.2
40.8
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.7
40.4
42.2
42.9
41.5
41.8
42.9
38.7
44.2
41.7
43.0
41.9
42.3
38.7
43.4
41.2
42.3
42.6
44.2
44.0
44.2
42.3
43.4
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
Hardware, nee
3429
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Average weekly hours
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
Average overtime hours
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
5.9
3.8
3.5
3.3
4.3
2.9
7.3
8.5
6.2
7.7
4.3
3.5
4.1
5.9
3.8
3.9
3.6
4.7
2.8
7.3
8.3
6.5
7.4
4.5
3.6
3.8
5.3
3.3
3.5
3.3
4.4
2.9
7.3
8.0
6.3
8.0
4.7
3.8
3.9
5.8
4.0
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.0
6.9
7.0
6.3
7.1
4.6
3.5
2.4
42.7
43.0
4.9
5.2
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.8
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.7
5.6
5.9
7.4
4.9
3.1
3.4
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.7
3.9
4.0
4.4
4.8
5.8
6.2
7.5
5.5
3.7
3.8
5.6
5.9
6.0
5.9
5.7
6.2
4.2
5.7
4.6
4.8
6.2
6.7
7.7
5.8
4.1
4.5
5.3
5.9
6.1
4.9
5.1
5.2
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.1
6.0
6.0
8.3
5.1
3.2
3.4
41.1
44.7
45.3
40.6
40.6
40.3
40.7
40.4
40.8
40.9
42.4
40.3
42.0
39.7
40.4
42.7
41.4
44.3
40.8
43.2
40.1
40.4
40.3
40.2
40.4
41.1
40.6
40.7
41.6
40.3
41.5
3.5
6.3
6.4
3.0
2.7
3.1
3.0
2.3
2.9
3.4
3.7
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.5
4.2
3.3
5.3
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.6
2.1
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.9
6.6
6.7
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.0
2.9
3.7
4.3
3.4
4.0
3.2
3.7
4.6
3.6
5.8
4.2
4.2
4.4
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.2
2.7
3.5
3.6
3.3
4.2
5.8
6.0
3.6
3.1
3.8
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.8
5.0
3.3
4.4
3.0
3.5
5.3
4.4
6.5
5.5
5.1
7.2
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.3
2.5
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.7
5.9
6.1
3.1
2.7
3.2
3.3
2.7
3.7
3.8
5.2
3.3
4.2
3.0
3.7
4.9
4.0
5.9
3.5
5.2
2.9
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.5
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.8
3.0
42.3
45.3
43.3
45.9
41.9
43.7
42.0
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.5
4.4
4.0
5.4
4.1
5.8
3.1
3.9
4.4
4.7
5.2
4.6
3.8
4.7
4.1
3.8
5.1
3.4
3.7
4.7
Aug.
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
1972
SIC
Code
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
;..
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
,
,
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
$12.14
10.99
8.83
13.24
8.52
8.88
10.10
$11.92
10.94
$12.18
$12.41
11.30
9.16
9.04
9.02
9.00
8.76
13.43
8.56
8.88
10.10
11.12
9.13
13.03
8.87
9.36
10.25
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
$492.88 $497.06 $496.94 $515.02
452.79 448.54 458.14 466.69
364.68 360.04 382.55 383.80
556.08 562.72 553.78 558.41
357.84
362.09 373.43 374.64
375.34
348.98
375.01
354.31
451.47 447.43 458.18 458.92
409.51
409.51 436.18 427.73
391.55 392.40 398.85 420.23
492.75 480.48 493.94 482.22
432.64 433.68 451.13 446.88
415.47 411.94 436.69 427.85
426.78 420.85 445.40
419.35
13.17
8.92
9.47
10.43
9.38
10.92
10.40
3291
8.96
10.95
10.40
9.73
3292
10.59
10.19
9.34
9.19
11.05
10.59
9.97
10.48
33
331
3312
3317
332
11.93
13.63
14.25
10.93
10.70
11.15
11.65
10.04
13.02
13.42
11.43
10.62
13.70
11.44
9.48
9.70
11.
13.74
14.44
10.92
10.71
11.19
11.53
9.89
13.01
13.44
11.43
10.70
13.99
11.43
9.43
9.67
12.15
13.96
14.70
11.03
11.00
11.55
11.75
10.22
13.12
13.57
11.70
10.96
14.02
11.97
9.60
9.81
12.21
14.07
14.84
10.81
10.93
11.47
12.14
10.16
13.26
13.60
11.65
10.90
14.02
11.80
9.55
9.68
$12.12
14.01
510.60
595.63
629.85
455.78
451.54
471.65
482.31
420.68
563.77
590.48
490.35
441.79
606.91
488.49
383.94
400.61
511.80
594.94
626.70
459.73
455.18
477.81
485.41
419.34
563.33
595.39
493.78
466.52
618.36
490.35
392.29
409.04
530.96
621.22
657.09
485.32
478.50
507.05
493.50
440.48
569.41
594.37
511.29
478.95
635.11
518.30
403.20
419.87
526.25
620.49
661.86
447.53
464.53
485.18
506.24
433.83
579.46
595.68
500.95
463.25
635.11
500.32
388.69
396.88
$517.52
602.43
9.93
13.30
14.04
9.94
13.34
10.26
13.50
10.18
13.45
10.16
14.14
9.79
14.32
10.23
9.28
10.69
14.24
10.03
9.19
10.44
9.33
9.33
8.93
9.12
9.54
9.00
410.52
598.97
637.71
398.45
373.60
407.63
376.38
359.35
370.52
380.48
417.36
305.83
433.63
387.25
356.81
413.42
374.33
459.36
482.56
514.59
569.36
376.36
324.79
322.79
328.41
443.63
412.38
380.26
415.83
336.07
431.95
604.80
645.83
428.64
384.19
446.84
381.60
363.45
369.36
393.05
434.42
326.42
441.44
394.02
359.88
431.70
390.35
482.76
538.46
561.60
669.90
385.97
338.66
337.01
341.14
470.79
442.78
399.21
441.01
347.77
418.40
601.22
645.07
407.22
373.11
420.73
379.73
363.60
370.87
391.00
434.18
326.03
433.44
393.82
359.56
424.01
386.26
470.47
487.56
558.14
563.00
380.97
333.28
330.85
337.34
466.49
444.57
388.28
432.22
338.92
421.64
9.70
9.03
405.14
590.52
627.59
390.91
362.10
400.79
370.47
346.63
367.08
375.96
408.70
306.64
417.54
387.50
360.45
403.94
368.34
446.22
472.64
510.84
554.73
370.40
328.85
326.43
332.83
445.79
410.94
376.25
404.15
339.86
10.92
446.01
571.43
494.20
594.93
413.25
453.22
448.33
566.82
517.03
581.99
405.41
439.92
465.62
605.10
605.00
604.21
421.73
459.61
462.34
621.97
601.44
627.91
427.80
472.40
458.64
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades . 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
8.06
8.08
8.02
10.98
10.43
9.29
9.93
8.33
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
10.67
13.32
12.77
13.46
9.91
10.54
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
9.67
9.17
8.58
9.09
10.14
9.18
8.68
9.20
9.24
9.26
9.92
9.28
9.89
7.57
10.30
9.73
8.81
9.82
9.13
10.56
11.60
12.37
13.46
9.97
7.59
10.11
9.81
8.90
9.71
9.05
10.45
11.67
12.49
13.53
9.33
9.27
7.98
7.97
10.27
8.04
10.29
9.90
8.93
9.97
9.25
10.80
12.35
12.94
14.50
9.46
8.20
10.44
8.16
8.28
11.29
10.96
9.32
9.46
10.02
8.36
10.28
8.38
10.70
13.40
13.36
13.41
9.84
10.40
10.93
13.69
13.75
13.67
9.97
10.59
8.01
10.90
9.75
11.06
10.64
10.02
10.51
9.09
9.56
10.24
8.09
10.32
9.92
8.90
9.93
9.33
10.62
11.95
12.92
14.04
9.43
8.27
8.23
8.35
11.35
10.95
9.54
10.39
8.41
10.93
13.73
13.89
13.68
10.21
10.81
See footnotes at end of table.
85
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.
86
1972
SIC
Code
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Average weekly hours
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
42.1
42.6
42.2
43.7
42.0
39.6
41.9
41.1
41.3
42.4
41.1
41.9
41.3
41.5
41.9
39.7
41.6
41.4
43.3
41.1
41.1
41.1
41.7
41.9
41.5
41.9
42.6
41.4
40.5
41.5
42.7
43.6
42.7
43.3
42.8
40.1
42.1
41.6
42.6
42.7
41.1
41.6
41.6
41.7
42.6
39.7
41.8
42.9
42.2
41.3
41.8
41.3
41.4
42.9
42.6
41.4
41.7
41.3
41.3
41.3
43.4
44.7
41.1
44.3
43.0
41.2
43.2
42.8
44.1
43.8
42.2
42.4
42.3
42.0
42.6
40.2
42.9
43.6
44.1
41.9
42.0
43.4
41.8
41.5
41.6
42.4
43.0
42.0
43.2
41.9
43.0
44.0
40.7
43.0
43.9
41.4
42.8
42.2
44.9
43.5
41.4
41.5
41.6
41.8
41.7
39.4
42.5
43.6
42.9
42.4
40.9
42.1
42.0
41.3
41.3
41.8
42.4
41.8
42.7
41.7
40.3
40.5
40.8
40.2
40.8
40.9
39.9
39.3
39.2
41.3
38.6
39.3
39.4
39.5
39.5
37.4
40.2
39.8
40.9
41.7
40.6
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.7
40.6
40.3
41.2
40.7
40.8
41.7
40.1
41.1
40.8
40.7
39.8
40.2
40.8
40.1
40.0
39.8
40.2
40.5
38.9
40.6
40.1
40.9
42.0
40.5
40.6
40.4
40.3
41.0
41.5
41.1
42.4
41.1
42.3
42.5
42.1
42.6
42.5
42.1
39.7
39.8
39.9
39.3
40.4
41.0
39.8
41.0
38.7
41.3
40.9
41.0
42.7
40.3
40.5
41.6
40.1
40.8
42.6
41.8
43.7
40.4
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.0
39.0
38.8
40.1
39.5
39.3
40.3
38.8
39.6
38.1
41.0
40.8
40.6
42.2
39.9
40.0
41.4
40.4
40.1
41.2
41.0
41.2
Average overtime hours
Aug.
1988P
40.5
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
3.4
3.1
4.0
4.9
3.7
2.6
4.3
3.6
4.3
5.0
3.7
3.2
3.9
3.3
4.0
4.2
3.8
3.4
4.8
3.0
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.2
3.2
3.9
4.4
3.8
3.4
3.8
3.9
3.4
4.5
5.5
4.6
3.4
4.5
3.8
4.9
5.2
4.0
3.4
4.1
3.7
4.1
4.3
3.9
4.4
4.4
3.6
4.0
4.3
4.2
3.4
3.3
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.9
4.4
4.2
3.7
6.3
4.5
3.5
5.0
4.3
5.3
5.7
4.3
3.3
4.8
4.1
3.8
5.1
4.8
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.2
5.7
5.1
3.2
3.2
4.1
4.3
4.4
5.1
4.3
4.2
4.1
3.8
5.5
5.1
3.4
4.9
4.3
5.9
5.7
4.0
3.2
4.4
4.0
3.3
4.7
4.5
4.4
5.3
4.8
3.1
5.1
4.8
2.7
2.8
3.3
3.6
4.3
4.9
4.2
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.2
3.0
3.4
1.7
2.5
3.2
3.7
1.9
2.2
2.4
2.5
1.5
1.1
2.1
1.5
2.5
2.4
2.5
3.2
2.1
4.0
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.6
2.2
1.9
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.0
3.0
2.5
1.6
2.7
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.5
3.3
2.1
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.8
3.9
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.6
4.4
5.1
2.8
2.9
4.5
2.0
2.8
3.2
3.6
2.9
2.7
1.7
3.3
2.8
2.5
3.0
2.4
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.3
4.2
3.3
5.3
2.9
3.6
3.2
4.0
3.7
3.9
2.6
2.4
3.6
2.1
2.4
2.5
2.8
2.6
2.5
1.3
2.7
1.9
2.3
2.7
2.1
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.0
3.2
2.8
3.6
Aug.
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings
1972
Industry
SIC
July
1987
Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
$10.96 $10.99 $11.09 $11.04
12.16 12.17 12.36 12.32
11.61 11.27 11.40 11.53
10.78 10.91 10.76 10.66
9.93
9.65
9.96
9.78
9.81
9.63
9.87
9.63
11.04 11.06 11.30 11.40
11.11 11.04 11.30 11.37
11.47 11.51 11.74 11.77
11.78 11.81 12.06 12.21
9.91
9.94 10.10 10.07
9.12
8.92
8.59
8.40
10.64 10.63 11.09 11.13
10.57 10.66 11.05 10.96
9.09
8.76
8.80
9.13
11.53 11.58 12.15 12.16
10.33 10.37 10.60 10.55
11.02 10.94 11.25 11.20
10.83 10.89 11.17 10.88
10.25 10.34 10.51 10.41
9.26
9.14
9.34
9.38
10.24 10.22 10.60 10.47
10.52 10.46 10.54 10.68
10.29 10.34 10.71 10.68
10.28 10.32 10.68 10.66
10.35 10.44 10.64 10.44
10.60 10.61 10.84 10.60
10.35 10.40 10.55 10.53
12.69 12.66 12.83 12.61
10.04 10.09 10.24 10.26
9.86
9.19
9.02
9.33
9.84
9.70
9.83
9.90
11.33
11.81
7.27
9.09
10.46
8.65
9.21
6.85
9.11
9.43
11.77
11.31
11.95
8.91
11.23
10.68
8.08
10.29
11.05
10.69
9.88
9.33
9.20
9.44
9.81
9.68
9.77
9.87
11.34
11.83
7.31
9.07
10.44
8.64
9.25
6.73
8.97
9.23
11.81
11.38
11.97
8.93
11.26
10.71
8.11
10.48
11.16
11.05
10.15
9.42
9.19
9.61
10.08
10.08
9.93
10.09
11.75
11.71
7.37
9.57
10.63
9.29
9.25
7.08
9.48
9.94
12.09
11.71
12.25
9.15
11.37
11.19
8.20
10.82
11.05
11.64
Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
$461.42
518.02
489.94
471.09
405.30
381.35
462.58
456.62
473.71
499.47
407.30
351.96
439.43
438.66
368.72
457.74
429.73
456.23
468.94
421.28
375.65
420.86
438.68
431.15
426.62
433.67
451.56
428.49
513.95
416.66
$469.27
530.61
481.23
472.40
418.58
386.16
465.63
459.26
490.33
504.29
408.53
357.34
442.21
444.52
373.18
459.73
433.47
469.33
459.56
427.04
387.07
422.09
433.04
443.59
439.63
432.22
442.44
429.52
522.86
416.72
$481.31
552.49
468.54
476.67
428.28
406.64
488.16
483.64
517.73
528.23
426.22
378.21
469.11
464.10
387.23
488.43
454.74
490.50
492.60
440.37
393.96
460.04
440.57
444.47
444.29
451.14
466.12
443.10
554.26
429.06
$474.72
542.08
469.27
458.38
435.93
406.13
487.92
479.81
528.47
531.14
416.90
378.48
463.01
458.13
380.72
479.10
448.38
488.32
466.75
441.38
382.01
440.79
448.56
441.08
440.26
436.39
449.44
440.15
538.45
427.84
402.12
380.66
383.64
378.54
403.19
394.94
397.64
392.83
455.87
482.66
293.13
362.80
415.51
347.33
374.63
261.80
364.18
370.12
483.03
477.96
484.79
362.56
454.90
431.61
332.51
434.92
458.68
468.52
417.17
398.47
390.58
404.58
429.41
428.40
418.05
400.57
467.65
467.23
289.64
386.63
435.83
369.74
379.25
274.00
391.52
406.55
495.69
500.02
493.68
370.58
472.99
448.72
334.56
460.93
461.89
508.67
408.85 $409.86
396.37
387.16
403.92
421.10
414.81
412.87
394.68
456.68
470.77
289.93
373.35
431.61
367.44
365.90
270.51
385.40
394.94
490.85
495.01
487.98
366.00
471.96
450.46
327.22
437.13
444.03
467.21
10.12 $10.12 397.36
372.20
9.46
368.02
9.24
375.07
9.64
401.47
10.05
396.73
9.90
392.22
10.07
389.07
10.12
444.14
11.77
487.75
11.74
280.62
7.34
357.24
9.50
412.12
10.71
341.68
9.47
363.80
9.24
256.19
7.10
366.22
9.40
375.31
9.68
481.39
12.09
471.63
11.73
485.17
12.23
360.86
9.15
449.20
11.40
435.74
11.15
328.86
8.16
417.77
10.61
445.32
10.83
440.43
11.34
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
See footnotes at end of table.
87
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment ........
Travel trailers and campers
1972
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.
88
386
387
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
Average weekly hours
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Average overtime hours
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
41.0
40.9
40.3
42.7
41.3
40.5
41.6
41.5
41.5
41.9
39.9
40.1
39.7
40.1
41.4
41.2
39.4
38.4
41.0
40.7
38.6
42.3
42.2
41.2
42.0
41.9
42.5
41.9
39.9
40.0
39.8
41.2
42.3
42.2
39.7
38.3
43.0
44.2
44.0
43.0
44.8
41.5
42.2
41.8
42.0
43.1
40.6
40.9
40.1
42.7
42.6
42.4
39.9
38.8
41.7
41.6
41.0
41.5
41.9
39.8
42.3
41.8
42.7
42.8
40.4
40.6
40.1
41.4
42.9
43.0
40.3
38.9
41.5
41.4
3.7
3.5
3.1
4.6
3.8
3.5
4.7
4.4
4.4
5.4
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
3.6
3.6
3.8
2.4
3.9
3.8
3.0
4.2
4.5
3.6
4.8
4.3
5.3
5.3
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.3
4.1
4.1
3.6
2.2
4.9
5.8
5.9
4.1
6.2
3.8
4.4
3.8
4.5
5.2
3.0
3.1
2.7
4.0
4.2
4.2
2.6
2.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
3.7
4.4
2.5
4.5
3.9
4.8
5.2
2.8
3.0
2.7
3.5
4.5
4.7
2.9
2.9
40.8
41.3
40.6
39.5
41.1
39.8
41.2
40.2
40.4
40.1
40.1
42.8
41.5
41.3
41.9
41.0
39.9
42.0
40.8
41.9
40.6
40.6
40.5
40.6
43.3
41.0
41.4
41.4
41.6
39.8
44.2
40.6
43.6
40.9
41.1
40.4
39.7
42.6
40.3
41.1
41.9
40.9
38.4
43.6
40.2
43.9
40.2
39.5
40.7
39.0
43.9
39.6
41.3
2.5
3.0
2.2
2.3
2.8
1.9
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.6
3.1
2.3
2.9
3.2
2.6
2.9
3.4
2.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.5
3.7
2.2
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.0
3.9
2.6
3.7
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.7
4.0
2.2
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.0
3.8
1.9
3.3
2.6
2.3
2.9
2.2
3.7
1.5
38.8
37.2
36.3
41.2
38.6
37.8
39.2
40.6
36.0
34.1
39.8
39.4
39.5
38.2
37.6
41.7
39.7
39.0
40.3
40.5
37.2
34.5
40.1
39.7
39.3
37.2
35.9
39.9
39.4
37.7
40.7
40.5
38.7
37.3
39.9
39.9
38.6
38.0
36.8
38.2
38.6
37.0
39.8
40.2
36.3
34.3
39.0
39.2
39.0
2.2
1.4
1.0
2.4
2.0
1.5
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.7
2.0
1.7
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.2
3.3
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.5
1.8
1.4
2.3
2.2
1.2
3.0
3.2
2.4
2.1
2.8
2.8
2.1
1.1
.5
1.7
2.1
1.2
2.8
2.6
1.3
.7
2.5
2.8
40.0
40.0
39.6
40.9
40.9
38.4
41.6
39.5
42.3
38.2
39.9
36.8
37.7
44.5
47.0
44.2
39.5
39.1
40.5
40.4
40.6
39.8
41.5
41.1
38.1
41.5
39.7
42.4
40.7
40.5
41.1
40.1
44.0
46.9
43.8
39.8
39.0
41.8
40.2
40.3
40.5
41.4
41.7
39.4
41.4
39.9
42.0
38.6
40.1
38.7
37.4
44.2
46.3
43.2
40.2
39.2
42.8
39.9
40.4
40.0
41.4
41.2
38.4
41.7
39.7
42.6
38.5
40.4
38.6
36.3
45.0
48.1
43.3
40.4
39.5
42.8
40.2
40.8
3.6
4.2
3.6
4.1
4.0
3.1
4.8
4.0
5.2
4.6
5.0
4.9
4.5
6.3
6.7
6.6
3.9
4.2
3.3
3.9
4.6
4.0
4.8
4.1
3.4
4.5
3.8
5.0
5.8
5.6
6.8
5.6
6.1
6.7
6.3
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.6
4.2
4.4
5.2
5.0
3.5
4.5
3.7
4.7
3.7
4.3
4.2
3.5
5.8
6.6
5.8
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.6
4.6
4.4
5.6
5.0
3.3
4.7
3.6
5.2
4.3
3.8
5.4
3.3
6.8
8.5
6.3
4.2
4.3
3.8
Aug.
1988P
3.8
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers
1972
SIC
Code
37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792
Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays
39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
$12.82 $12.88 $13.35 $13.23 $13.15 $525.62
13.35 13.40 14.16 13.86 13.69 546.02
614.98
15.26 15.33 16.23 16.02
492.33
11.53 11.29 11.77 11.73
518.73
12.56 12.63 13.32 13.04
378.68
9.22
9.24
9.35
9.34
547.04
13.15 13.22 13.46 13.61
(2)
(2)
(2)
$550.29
$13.26 $13.48 $13.74 $14.03
516.63
12.33 12.26 12.54 12.58
411.77
10.32 10.30 10.34 10.23
465.56
11.61 11.56 11.56 11.47
320.38
8.01
8.07
8.29
8.29
473.18
11.80 11.85 11.94 11.99
523.30
12.64 12.80 13.09 13.24
(2)
(2)
(2)
$416.46
$10.57 $10.54 $10.19 $10.35
8.67
332.16
8.65
8.61
8.65
9.71
10.68
9.56
8.83
9.45
9.80
10.61
8.64
9.74
10.72
9.60
9.05
9.44
9.88
10.48
8.63
8.73
9.88
10.93
9.68
9.95
11.01
9.18
9.22
9.35
9.33
9.93
9.83
10.75
8.82
9.72
10.93
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
$528.08 $574.05 $551.69 $545.73
545.38 625.87 576.58 566.77
591.74
477.57
384.81
555.24
714.12
506.11
596.74
383.46
568.01
656.82
486.80
546.38
366.96
575.70
$572.90
513.69
410.97
462.40
318.80
488.22
541.44
$577.08
540.47
419.80
472.80
332.43
509.84
557.63
$599.08
538.42
413.29
465.68
332.43
496.39
568.00
532.99
$418.44 $406.58 $417.11
332.06 335.62 334.93
9.91 396.17
441.08
388.14
348.79
388.40
390.04
437.13
347.33
355.92
338.85
298.75
554.26
300.05
402.26
449.17
393.60
361.10
396.48
403.10
439.11
350.38
354.44
344.66
301.66
571.13
293.15
409.03
452.50
402.69
365.36
413.27
399.10
468.70
360.74
374.01
343.40
296.56
574.25
292.98
408.95
461.32
397.55
354.05
406.79
399.19
479.83
358.99
362.22
352.46
291.33
581.68
293.44
409.28
12.95
7.23
8.51
7.43
13.19
7.15
13.48
7.27
8.93
9.17
8.66
7.47
13.25
7.41
7.72
8.24
8.31
7.55
7.11
6.86
7.31
7.62
6.38
5.80
8.42
8.78
7.72
8.26
8.36
7.50
7.16
6.95
7.33
7.62
6.37
5.80
8.43
8.85
7.93
8.60
8.75
7.94
7.14
6.93
7.30
7.81
6.71
6.22
8.70
9.03
7.94
8.54
8.67
7.86
7.18
6.92
7.36
7.87
6.76
6.26
8.68
9.00
7.96 299.54
306.53
301.65
311.06
274.45
259.31
286.55
309.37
229.68
197.78
335.12
345.93
304.94
315.53
314.34
312.75
284.25
271.05
295.40
308.61
236.96
200.10
338.04
351.35
311.65
319.92
314.13
316.81
281.32
261.26
297.11
316.31
259.68
232.01
347.13
360.30
306.48
324.52
319.06
300.25
277.15
256.04
292.93
316.37
245.39
214.72
338.52
352.80
310.44
9.18
8.88
7.41
8.35
8.90
6.08
9.58
9.01
10.11
8.11
9.14
8.82
7.45
8.44
8.81
6.11
9.56
8.85
10.09
7.96
9.96
7.98
7.08
9.39
9.45
9.13
7.64
9.40 367.20
9.01 355.20
369.26
358.09
296.51
350.26
362.09
232.79
396.74
351.35
427.82
323.97
403.38
327.98
283.91
476.52
488.23
367.48
396.41
387.27
418.84
377.48
367.54
309.42
353.14
379.89
249.80
405.31
367.08
429.24
325.40
424.66
326.63
282.00
491.95
501.43
368.93
412.85
402.19
441.70
377.06
368.85
305.60
351.49
372.45
245.76
411.16
360.48
442.19
324.17
424.60
326.94
278.42
505.35
528.62
376.28
414.50
403.30
444.26
377.88
367.61
8.81
8.45
7.45
10.27
8.06
7.36
10.92
10.59
8.38
9.97
9.94
10.03
10.83
10.41
8.39
9.96
9.93
10.02
9.10
8.50
7.47
9.12
7.64
8.53
9.11
6.34
9.79
9.20
10.22
8.43
10.59
8.44
7.54
11.13
10.83
8.54
10.27
10.26
10.32
8.49
9.04
6.40
9.86
9.08
10.38
8.42
10.51
8.47
7.67
11.23
10.99
8.69
10.26
10.21
10.38
293.44
341.52
364.01
233.47
398.53
355.90
427.65
309.80
409.77
296.61
277.47
485.94
497.73
370.40
393.82
388.65
406.22
See footnotes at end of table.
89
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly hours
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
209
39.1
40.9
37.5
41.7
41.4
43.3
41.5
39.1
40.4
41.2
39.6
41.4
41.2
42.7
41.4
39.7
39.9
40.4
39.0
43.0
41.4
43.0
41.3
38.1
40.2
42.8
38.7
43.0
42.0
44.2
41.7
39.0
Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes
21
211
37.3
36.9
37.8
38.4
39.8
40.0
39.2
39.5
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
41.6
42.8
42.3
41.2
40.3
39.9
38.8
39.1
40.0
38.4
42.0
41.7
42.8
40.6
43.3
42.5
43.3
37.4
42.4
42.2
43.7
42.5
41.5
40.8
40.5
39.1
40.2
40.1
39.6
42.8
42.9
43.4
42.6
44.1
42.8
43.7
39.0
42.4
41.0
40.2
41.9
41.2
41.5
40.1
37.7
39.3
40.3
40.0
40.7
41.6
41.8
42.0
42.9
40.3
40.6
38.6
43.1
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
36.9
36.1
37.4
37.7
36.8
37.1
35.6
35.3
35.7
36.3
35.5
37.2
37.9
33.4
37.8
36.1
38.1
38.1
37.6
38.5
38.8
37.3
35.8
37.9
38.1
37.5
37.6
35.8
36.0
35.4
36.6
35.8
38.1
38.4
36.5
36.2
35.0
38.6
39.2
38.4
39.6
40.3
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
26
261,2,6
43.2
45.6
45.8
43.6
42.2
44.2
41.7
42.0
42.0
41.6
42.5
42.0
43.2
45.0
45.1
43.6
42.0
43.9
41.4
41.7
42.9
42.2
43.5
42.0
See footnotes at end of table.
90
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
Average overtime hours
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
2.4
4.4
1.8
5.1
4.3
5.3
4.5
4.3
3.2
4.5
2.8
5.1
4.2
5.0
4.4
4.6
2.9
4.5
2.3
5.0
4.6
6.5
4.5
3.8
3.7
6.1
3.0
5.2
5.0
7.1
4.8
4.3
39.2
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.3
2.8
3.1
2.9
3.0
40.4
39.7
41.3
40.4
40.6
39.7
37.5
39.2
40.2
38.7
40.1
40.8
42.2
39.6
42.4
39.9
40.1
38.7
41.6
41.1
4.4
6.1
4.7
1.9
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.0
2.9
2.4
4.9
4.4
4.5
3.8
3.9
5.2
5.7
3.0
4.1
4.6
6.5
4.7
1.4
3.8
3.5
3.3
2.9
3.3
2.1
4.7
5.3
5.4
4.8
4.9
5.3
5.8
3.3
4.6
3.8
4.0
4.5
3.4
3.4
3.0
2.0
2.4
2.9
2.4
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.9
4.5
3.9
4.1
2.9
4.7
3.5
3.6
3.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
1.9
2.6
3.1
1.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.3
4.6
3.8
4.0
2.5
3.7
37.2
37.3
37.4
37.8
37.0
36.6
35.6
36.7
35.0
36.9
35.3
37.9
38.3
35.8
37.8
36.3
38.4
39.1
36.3
38.2
42.6
36.6
37.6
36.5
37.1
36.7
36.3
35.6
36.6
34.8
35.9
35.6
36.2
36.5
34.4
37.1
35.5
37.7
38.0
36.2
38.6
38.7
36.9
1.7
1.0
1.5
1.5
.8
1.7
1.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.1
2.0
1.5
1.8
2.4
1.4
3.1
3.2
1.9
1.2
1.9
1.9
1.5
2.0
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.5
2.1
1.8
1.2
1.9
2.9
1.9
3.3
4.4
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
1.3
1.9
2.8
1.5
2.1
6.2
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.1
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.2
1.9
1.9
.7
2.3
3.1
43.1
45.0
45.2
44.5
41.6
43.0
40.6
41.2
42.6
42.0
43.1
43.8
43.0
45.1
45.1
43.9
41.5
42.8
41.2
41.6
42.4
41.8
42.9
43.7
43.1
5.2
6.7
6.9
7.3
4.0
4.5
3.1
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.8
4.7
5.2
6.3
6.5
7.3
3.9
4.4
3.1
4.2
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.2
4.9
6.2
6.4
7.6
3.7
4.0
2.5
4.0
4.4
4.2
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.3
6.4
7.3
3.8
4.0
2.8
4.2
4.4
4.1
4.8
5.0
Aug.
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products
1972
SIC
Code
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
$367.54
451.54
309.75
397.40
491.42
717.05
393.01
321.01
$374.91
455.67
321.95
394.13
490.28
704.98
390.82
328.32
$377.85 $385.92
455.71 496.48
324.09 324.69
401.62 406.35
500.11 510.30
733.58 754.49
398.55 404.49
324.61 326.43
Aug.
1988P
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209
$9.40
11.04
8.26
9.53
11.87
16.56
9.47
8.21
$9.28
11.06
8.13
9.52
11.90
16.51
9.44
8.27
$9.47
11.28
8.31
9.34
12.08
17.06
9.65
8.52
$9.60
11.60
8.39
9.45
12.15
17.07
9.70
8.37
Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes
21
211
15.17
17.26
14.55
17.01
15.78
17.97
15.66 $14.82 565.84
636.89
17.59
549.99
653.18
628.04
718.80
613.87 $580.94
694.81
Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods
22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229
7.13
7.52
7.70
7.57
6.73
6.52
6.48
6.19
6.45
6.13
7.13
7.40
7.43
7.60
7.42
6.78
6.76
6.92
8.05
7.16
7.56
7.70
7.55
6.75
6.54
6.49
6.20
6.49
6.11
7.11
7.44
7.50
7.64
7.45
6.84
6.83
6.99
8.04
7.33
7.64
7.98
8.04
6.79
6.61
6.46
6.35
6.33
6.39
7.43
7.77
7.78
8.07
7.65
6.99
6.98
7.13
8.33
7.31
7.62
7.87
7.95
6.82
6.63
6.53
6.40
6.37
6.41
7.37
7.72
7.70
7.97
7.64
7.02
6.99
7.18
8.24
7.38 296.61
321.86
325.71
311.88
271.22
260.15
251.42
242.03
258.00
235.39
299.46
308.58
318.00
308.56
321.29
288.15
292.71
258.81
341.32
302.15
330.37
327.25
313.33
275.40
264.87
253.76
249.24
260.25
241.96
304.31
319.18
325.50
325.46
328.55
292.75
298.47
272.61
340.90
300.53
307.13
334.36
331.25
281.79
265.06
243.54
249.56
255.10
255.60
302.40
323.23
325.20
338.94
328.19
281.70
283.39
275.22
359.02
295.32
302.51
325.03
321.18
276.89
263.21
244.88
250.88
256.07
248.07
295.54
314.98
324.94
315.61
323.94
280.10
280.30
277.87
342.78
303.32
Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings
23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396
5.87
6.62
5.43
5.21
5.28
5.56
5.71
5.05
6.10
6.57
5.50
5.49
5.33
6.47
5.27
5.12
5.64
6.98
5.73
6.08
10.47
5.88
6.56
5.44
5.24
5.27
5.52
5.68
5.01
6.05
6.41
5.50
5.53
5.37
6.45
5.29
5.13
5.70
7.05
5.71
6.09
10.69
6.08
6.80
5.55
5.39
5.42
5.59
5.87
5.11
6.22
6.55
5.74
5.67
5.53
6.48
5.42
5.41
5.91
7.40
5.98
6.23
11.50
6.00
6.85
5.55
5.38
5.45
5.62
5.80
4.96
6.14
6.56
5.69
5.57
5.43
6.49
5.45
5.44
5.91
7.08
5.94
6.24
10.53
6.08 216.60
238.98
203.08
196.42
194.30
206.28
203.28
178.27
217.77
238.49
195.25
204.23
202.01
216.10
199.21
184.83
214.88
265.94
215.45
234.08
406.24
219.32
234.85
206.18
199.64
197.63
207.55
203.34
180.36
214.17
234.61
196.90
210.69
206.21
235.43
191.50
179.55
220.02
276.36
219.26
241.16
430.81
226.18
253.64
207.57
203.74
200.54
204.59
208.97
187.54
217.70
241.70
202.62
214.89
211.80
231.98
204.88
196.38
226.94
289.34
217.07
237.99
489.90
219.60
257.56
202.58
199.60
200.02
204.01
206.48
181.54
213.67
235.50
202.56
201.63
198.20
223.26
202.20
193.12
222.81
269.04
215.03
240.86
407.51
224.35
Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654
11.49
14.08
14.16
14.36
9.97
11.00
9.25
9.29
9.80
10.19
10.01
9.32
11.41
13.95
14.03
14.29
9.91
11.07
9.27
9.28
9.81
10.18
10.02
9.32
11.65
14.34
14.41
14.37
10.07
11.23
9.53
9.38
9.97
10.34
10.14
9.70
11.73
14.42
14.44
14.50
10.13
11.24
9.60
9.43
10.02
10.33
10.21
9.72
11.64 496.37
642.05
648.53
626.10
420.73
486.20
385.73
390.18
411.60
423.90
425.43
391.44
492.91
627.75
632.75
623.04
416.22
485.97
383.78
386.98
420.85
429.60
435.87
391.44
502.12
645.30
651.33
639.47
418.91
482.89
386.92
386.46
424.72
434.28
437.03
424.86
504.39
650.34
651.24
636.55
420.40
481.07
395.52
392.29
424.85
431.79
438.01
424.76
501.68
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
See footnotes at end of table.
91
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
1972
SIC
Code
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
28
Chemicals and allied products
281
Industrial inorganic chemicals
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
282
Plastics materials and synthetics
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988"
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
37.9
33.4
38.1
38.8
38.4
39.4
36.5
39.4
39.2
39.3
41.8
38.4
38.6
38.2
33.7
39.1
38.8
37.4
41.2
36.7
39.8
39.5
39.7
41.4
38.4
38.8
37.6
33.6
37.7
38.6
38.1
39.3
35.6
38.7
38.7
38.5
42.1
38.7
38.9
37.9
33.2
38.0
39.1
37.6
41.6
36.2
39.2
39.0
39.1
41.9
39.0
39.6
38.3
2.9
1.4
2.8
3.5
3.1
4.2
2.2
3.4
2.8
3.5
4.2
2.4
4.0
3.3
1.5
4.0
3.6
2.9
4.8
2.6
3.9
3.1
4.1
4.0
2.7
4.4
2.7
1.4
2.9
2.9
2.3
3.8
1.7
2.9
2.7
2.9
4.5
2.7
4.3
2.9
1.3
2.9
3.3
2.1
5.2
1.9
3.3
2.9
3.4
4.5
3.2
4.9
41.9
42.1
42.7
42.5
43.0
42.5
41.1
40.9
41.0
44.5
41.7
38.6
42.2
43.7
42.8
43.9
42.0
41.0
42.1
42.2
42.9
43.0
42.9
43.5
41.2
40.9
41.2
43.7
41.5
39.6
41.9
43.4
43.1
43.5
41.9
41.4
42.4
43.1
43.3
43.5
43.9
43.0
41.3
41.1
40.4
44.2
41.5
37.8
42.3
43.7
42.4
44.1
43.8
42.0
42.0
42.8
42.8
43.5
43.5
43.6
40.6
40.1
39.6
43.7
40.6
37.0
42.1
43.8
41.0
44.5
42.5
41.6
41.8
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.0
2.7
2.7
3.5
5.9
3.4
2.1
4.3
5.3
5.7
5.2
3.8
3.4
4.0
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.4
4.1
2.8
2.8
3.6
5.5
3.4
2.6
4.0
5.4
5.8
5.3
3.7
3.7
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.9
5.1
4.6
2.9
3.0
3.6
5.0
3.6
2.9
4.2
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.6
3.7
4.1
4.4
4.2
5.1
5.0
5.1
2.8
2.8
3.3
5.5
2.9
2.3
4.0
5.2
4.7
5.3
4.8
3.5
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
44.9
44.7
47.2
43.6
43.1
46.7
45.1
45.0
46.9
45.5
45.5
46.8
45.4
5.2
4.4
9.1
5.0
4.0
9.4
5.9
5.3
9.1
6.0
5.4
9.1
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
30
301
302
41.0
44.2
41.8
41.4
43.9
41.4
41.7
44.7
39.3
41.0
44.7
39.7
41.4
3.9
6.2
3.1
4.2
6.2
2.9
4.2
6.3
1.4
4.0
6.6
1.2
303,4
306
307
41.7
40.5
40.6
43.1
41.4
41.0
44.3
42.0
41.3
45.3
40.9
40.4
4.1
3.3
3.7
4.9
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.0
4.1
5.2
3.4
3.8
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
38.7
40.8
39.2
38.9
39.9
38.2
36.1
39.0
42.4
38.7
38.5
39.1
41.1
37.8
37.9
41.3
37.8
37.4
38.2
39.8
36.0
37.4
39.6
37.7
37.9
38.3
37.5
35.5
37.8
2.3
3.1
2.4
2.0
3.3
2.6
2.1
2.6
4.5
2.4
2.1
2.9
3.6
3.1
2.1
4.1
1.9
1.1
2.8
3.5
1.5
1.6
2.9
1.4
.9
2.2
3.3
1.2
39.6
39.7
39.5
39.7
39.6
3144
316
317
Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
4011
44.1
45.5
45.1
45.1
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
41
411
413
36.3
38.6
39.9
36.5
38.8
39.5
34.6
38.8
40.9
36.5
39.0
40.8
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
38.8
38.7
39.1
38.9
38.9
39.1
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.5
38.5
39.0
Pipe lines, except natural gas
46
43.4
42.3
41.9
43.5
See footnotes at end of table.
92
Aug.
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services
1972
SIC
Code
27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279
Chemicals and allied products
28
Industrial inorganic chemicals
281
2819
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
282
2821
Plastics materials and resins
2824
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
283
Drugs
2834
Pharmaceutical preparations
284
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
2841
Soap and other detergents
2842,3
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
2844
Toilet preparations
285
Paints and allied products
286
Industrial organic chemicals
2865
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee . 2861,9
287
Agricultural chemicals
289
Miscellaneous chemical products
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
$10.24 $10.32 $10.43 $10.48 $10.55 $388.10
342.68
10.26 10.19 10.47 10.44
403.48
10.59 10.89 10.88 10.85
364.33
9.38
9.31
9.38
9.39
342.91
9.01
8.96
9.00
8.93
398.73
9.90
9.87
9.96
10.12
342.01
9.91
9.84
9.51
9.37
413.31
10.49 10.61 10.68 10.77
394.35
10.06 10.09 10.32 10.31
417.37
10.62 10.76 10.76 10.91
451.86
10.81 10.72 11.14 11.03
310.27
8.35
8.30
8.19
8.08
483.27
12.52 12.63 12.82 12.87
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
$394.22
343.40
425.80
363.94
336.60
410.35
349.02
422.28
398.56
427.17
443.81
314.50
490.04
$392.17
351.79
410.18
359.37
341.38
387.89
350.30
413.32
399.38
414.26
468.99
321.21
498.70
$397.19 $404.07
346.61
412.30
366.76
338.78
411.84
358.74
422.18
402.09
426.58
462.16
325.65
509.65
Aug.
1988P
12.37
13.60
13.73
12.58
13.51
12.02
11.59
11.31
10.88
13.96
10.07
9.19
10.81
14.93
14.69
14.99
11.93
11.38
12.33
13.67
13.76
12.55
13.54
11.97
11.57
11.32
10.72
13.93
10.03
9.07
10.77
14.90
14.58
14.99
12.00
11.37
12.60
13.82
13.86
13.01
13.78
12.48
11.93
11.70
10.98
14.37
10.32
9.23
11.18
15.03
14.93
15.05
12.21
11.49
12.70
14.01
14.08
13.06
13.89
12.47
11.94
11.72
11.03
14.43
10.29
9.27
11.17
15.18
14.81
15.27
12.42
11.52
12.64 518.30
572.56
586.27
534.65
580.93
510.85
476.35
462.58
446.08
621.22
419.92
354.73
456.18
652.44
628.73
658.06
501.06
466.58
519.09
576.87
590.30
539.65
580.87
520.70
476.68
462.99
441.66
608.74
416.25
359.17
451.26
646.66
628.40
652.07
502.80
470.72
534.24
595.64
600.14
565.94
604.94
536.64
492.71
480.87
443.59
635.15
428.28
348.89
472.91
656.81
633.03
663.71
534.80
482.58
533.40
599.63
602.62
568.11
604.22
543.69
484.76
469.97
436.79
630.59
417.77
342.99
470.26
664.88
607.21
679.52
527.85
479.23
528.35
15.03
16.23
11.57
14.74 651.50
701.34
537.14
633.94
678.39
537.52
678.30
731.70
544.04
683.87
738.47
541.48
669.20
378.81
Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
29
291
295
14.51
15.69
11.38
14.54
15.74
11.51
15.04
16.26
11.60
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
30
301
302
8.96
14.39
6.04
8.93
14.29
6.07
9.07
9.11
14.24
6.38
14.39
6.33
9.15 367.36
636.04
252.47
369.70
627.33
251.30
378.22
636.53
250.73
373.51
643.23
251.30
303,4
306
307
8.96
8.69
8.29
8.95
8.69
8.28
9.17
8.79
8.47
9.28
8.80
8.47
373.63
351.95
336.57
385.75
359.77
339.48
406.23
369.18
349.81
420.38
359.92
342.19
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317
5.99
8.05
5.70
6.17
5.34
6.21
5.82
6.04
8.20
5.69
6.11
5.34
6.51
5.81
6.27
8.44
5.96
6.28
5.69
6.34
5.99
6.21
8.39
5.91
6.21
5.69
6.24
5.79
6.24 231.81
328.44
223.44
240.01
213.07
237.22
210.10
235.56
347.68
220.20
235.24
208.79
267.56
219.62
237.63
348.57
225.29
234.87
217.36
252.33
215.64
232.25
332.24
222.81
235.36
217.93
234.00
205.55
235.87
12.00
12.06
12.27
12.30
12.36 475.20
478.78
484.67
488.31
489.46
4011
14.11
14.27
15.06
15.06
622.25
649.29
679.21
679.21
41
8.59
9.06
309.28
351.26
459.65
310.62
346.87
460.57
292.37
348.42
457.67
313.54
353.34
463.08
8.84
415.94
421.44
330.00
417.40
424.01
329.22
421.51
427.69
340.95
417.73
423.12
344.76
15.39
649.70
641.69
652.80
669.47
Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3
Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation
411
413
8.52
9.10
11.52
8.51
8.94
11.66
8.45
8.98
11.19
Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing
42
421,3
422
10.72
10.89
8.44
10.73
10.92
10.90
8.42
11.08
8.81
Pipe lines, except natural gas
46
14.97
15.17
15.58
11.35
10.85
10.99
See footnotes at end of table.
93
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
1972
SIC
Code
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
48
481
483
40.4
42.0
35.9
40.4
41.9
36.2
39.9
41.4
35.8
40.4
42.0
36.3
49
491
41.5
41.3
40.5
42.5
43.1
41.4
41.1
40.6
42.2
42.9
41.5
41.4
41.1
42.0
42.2
41.7
42.0
41.3
41.4
42.4
38.2
38.3
38.1
38.3
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
38.6
38.5
36.8
39.5
36.4
40.4
38.3
38.6
38.9
37.7
38.8
38.5
37.2
39.7
36.5
40.8
38.3
38.6
39.1
37.8
38.6
38.1
37.3
40.0
35.7
40.4
38.0
38.7
38.9
37.9
38.7
38.4
37.2
39.8
36.2
39.9
38.2
38.9
39.0
38.0
51
37.6
36.9
37.6
36.5
38.2
39.2
39.1
36.3
37.0
37.6
37.2
37.6
37.1
37.9
39.6
38.9
36.2
37.1
37.5
37.0
36.8
36.7
37.9
40.0
38.4
36.3
36.9
37.6
37.1
37.0
36.7
38.4
39.8
39.0
36.4
36.7
30.0
30.2
29.4
30.0
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Average weekly hours
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
52
521
525
37.4
39.3
33.8
37.4
39.2
34.1
37.0
39.0
33.3
37.3
39.2
33.8
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
53
531
533
539
29.1
28.8
30.1
31.7
29.2
28.9
29.9
31.4
28.0
27.6
29.3
30.1
28.4
28.1
29.8
30.9
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
31.0
31.2
28.1
30.8
31.1
28.1
30.7
30.9
28.9
31.5
31.6
29.4
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
36.9
37.4
39.6
34.7
37.1
37.5
40.0
35.0
36.8
37.5
38.8
34.7
36.8
37.3
39.3
34.9
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
27.8
30.6
26.4
27.7
29.1
28.0
30.5
26.6
28.3
29.1
27.2
29.3
25.3
27.3
28.7
27.8
29.6
26.0
27.7
29.5
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
57
571
572
573
33.3
33.4
34.4
32.9
33.6
33.7
34.6
33.0
32.8
33.4
33.8
31.6
33.5
33.9
34.1
32.5
Eating and drinking places4
58
26.7
27.2
26.0
26.8
See footnotes at end of table.
94
Average overtime hours
Aug.
1988P
38.0
29.8
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
SIC
Pnrlp
vUUc
Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services
48
481
483
.....
49
491
492
493
495
Wholesale trade
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
1972
Industry
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
$12.42 $12.56 $12.65 $12.70
13.16 13.35 13.31 13.43
10.72 10.80 11.59 11.38
13.67
13.81
12.90
15.93
10.10
13.76
13.84
12.97
16.15
10.15
14.10
14.22
13.17
16.56
10.90
14.12
14.28
13.12
16.60
10.95
9.56
9.60
9.85
9.93
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
-
$501.77 $507.42 $504.74 $513.08
552.72 559.37 551.03 564.06
384.85 390.96 414.92 413.09
-
-
567.31
570.35
522.45
677.03
435.31
569.66
568.82
526.58
681.53
435.44
585.15
588.71
541.29
695.52
459.98
588.80
599.76
541.86
687.24
464.28
_
_
-
$9.89 365.19
367.68
375.29
380.32 $375.82
374.42
333.03
328.62
364.59
354.17
418.54
382.23
355.89
402.62
294.06
378.69
336.88
330.71
372.39
355.88
427.18
387.60
358.98
405.86
295.97
388.70
346.33
352.86
384.40
350.22
426.62
396.34
366.88
417.79
302.06
392.81
352.13
354.14
383.67
354.04
422.14
402.63
370.72
422.37
305.14
_
_
_
_
_
-
351.94
368.26
405.70
333.61
362.90
474.32
371.06
400.03
283.42
352.69
376.09
411.34
337.24
359.29
477.18
368.77
403.27
285.30
357.38
378.14
406.27
346.45
366.49
486.40
370.94
402.93
286.71
360.96
389.18
409.96
344.98
374.78
485.16
373.62
407.32
286.99
_
_
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment....
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
9.70
8.65
8.93
9.23
9.73
10.36
9.98
9.22
10.35
7.80
9.76
8.75
8.89
9.38
9.75
10.47
10.12
9.30
10.38
7.83
10.07
9.09
9.46
9.61
9.81
10.56
10.43
9.48
10.74
7.97
10.15
9.17
9.52
9.64
9.78
10.58
10.54
9.53
10.83
8.03
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519
9.36
9.98
10.79
9.14
9.50
12.10
9.49
11.02
7.66
9.38
10.11
10.94
9.09
9.48
12.05
9.48
11.14
7.69
9.53
10.22
11.04
9.44
9.67
12.16
9.66
11.10
7.77
9.60
10.49
11.08
9.40
9.76
12.19
9.58
11.19
7.82
6.07
6.07
6.26
6.28
6.25 182.10
183.31
184.04
188.40
186.25
52
521
525
6.97
7.30
5.94
7.03
7.36
5.95
7.31
7.69
6.18
7.33
7.71
6.17
_
-
260.68
286.89
200.77
262.92
288.51
202.90
270.47
299.91
205.79
273.41
302.23
208.55
_
_
-
53
531
533
539
6.42
6.73
4.82
4.91
6.42
6.74
4.79
4.96
6.53
6.83
4.93
5.25
6.56
6.87
4.93
5.30
_
_
_
-
186.82
193.82
145.08
155.65
187.46
194.79
143.22
155.74
182.84
188.51
144.45
158.03
186.30
193.05
146.91
163.77
_
_
_
-
Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries
54
541
546
6.89
7.03
5.57
6.82
6.96
5.60
6.94
7.05
5.98
6.90
7.00
5.97
_
-
213.59
219.34
156.52
210.06
216.46
157.36
213.06
217.85
172.82
217.35
221.20
175.52
_
-
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
55
551,2
553
554
7.87
9.67
6.68
5.54
7.95
9.83
6.70
5.54
8.26
10.19
7.01
5.72
8.33
10.34
7.04
5.74
_
-
290.40
361.66
264.53
192.24
294.95
368.63
268.00
193.90
303.97
382.13
271.99
198.48
306.54
385.68
276.67
200.33
_
-
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores
56
561
562
565
566
5.53
6.54
5.13
5.53
5.58
5.51
6.49
5.15
5.49
5.57
5.78
7.05
5.45
5.65
5.92
5.75
6.98
5.40
5.66
5.88
_
_
_
-
153.73
200.12
135.43
153.18
162.38
154.28
197.95
136.99
155.37
162.09
157.22
206.57
137.89
154.25
169.90
159.85
206.61
140.40
156.78
173.46
_
_
_
-
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
57
571
572
573
7.50
7.64
7.51
7.27
7.52
7.63
7.43
7.37
7.81
7.92
7.83
7.59
7.90
8.02
7.89
7.68
_
_
_
-
249.75
255.18
258.34
239.18
252.67
257.13
257.08
243.21
256.17
264.53
264.65
239.84
264.65
271.88
269.05
249.60
_
_
_
-
Eating and drinking places4
58
4.39
4.39
4.53
4.55
-
117.21
119.41
117.78
121.94
Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores
,
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
See footnotes at end of table.
95
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
1972
SIC
Code
59
591
594
596
598
599
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
30.7
28.9
29.5
33.0
37.8
31.8
31.0
29.1
29.7
33.7
38.2
32.2
30.1
27.7
29.0
32.1
38.1
31.9
30.6
28.3
30.0
31.7
38.5
31.9
36.2
36.4
35.8
36.2
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
60
602
36.2
36.2
36.6
36.6
35.6
35.5
36.2
36.2
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
61
612
614
36.4
35.9
36.6
36.9
36.4
36.7
36.3
35.9
36.4
36.7
36.1
36.9
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
633
37.1
36.8
37.6
36.9
37.3
36.9
37.3
37.3
37.1
36.6
37.6
37.1
37.2
36.9
38.2
36.9
32.8
32.9
32.7
33.0
Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4
701
31.1
32.1
31.6
32.4
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
721
723
34.2
29.5
34.4
29.8
34.4
30.1
34.2
30.0
Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
73
731
734
737
33.6
36.8
28.7
37.6
33.8
36.8
28.9
37.7
34.1
36.9
29.4
37.6
34.0
37.1
29.6
37.7
Auto repair, services, and garages
75
753
37.1
38.6
37.2
38.5
36.7
38.1
37.1
38.1
76
38.1
38.3
38.4
38.5
78
781
30.5
39.0
31.2
39.2
28.5
36.8
29.4
37.4
79
30.5
30.5
28.7
30.2
80
801
802
805
806
32.6
30.8
28.3
32.0
34.4
32.6
31.2
28.4
32.0
34.3
32.4
31.1
28.4
31.6
34.1
32.6
31.2
28.3
32.2
34.3
81
34.7
34.9
34.7
35.0
89
38.3
39.5
36.8
38.2
39.5
36.5
38.0
39.3
36.4
38.2
39.2
37.0
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
See footnotes at end of table.
96
891
893
Average overtime hours
Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988P
35.5
32.8
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued
Industry
Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee
1972
SIC
Code
59
591
594
596
598
599
Finance, insurance, and real estate5
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
$193.72
170.51
172.28
240.24
335.66
207.65
$195.92
170.82
174.93
242.64
337.69
210.91
$196.85
172.57
177.48
239.47
342.90
212.77
$200.74
176.59
183.30
237.75
347.66
215.96
$6.31
5.90
5.84
7.28
8.88
6.53
$6.32
5.87
5.89
7.20
8.84
6.55
$6.54
6.23
6.12
7.46
9.00
6.67
$6.56
6.24
6.11
7.50
9.03
6.77
8.63
8.74
8.98
9.02
$9.04 312.41
318.14
321.48
326.52
Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
60
602
7.42
7.19
7.52
7.29
7.78
7.52
7.79
7.52
268.60
260.28
275.23
266.81
276.97
266.96
282.00
272.22
Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions
61
612
614
7.91
7.42
7.44
8.02
7.53
7.52
8.19
7.64
7.70
8.24
7.70
7.71
287.92
266.38
272.30
295.94
274.09
275.98
297.30
274.28
280.28
302.41
277.97
284.50
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
63
631
632
633
9.53
8.88
9.48
9.95
9.63
8.98
9.56
10.06
10.12
9.56
9.80
10.66
10.14
9.56
9.72
10.70
353.56
326.78
356.45
367.16
359.20
331.36
356.59
375.24
375.45
349.90
368.48
395.49
377.21
352.76
371.30
394.83
8.34
8.40
8.78
8.79
8.78 273.55
276.36
287.11
290.07
Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4
701
6.01
5.98
6.37
6.29
186.91
191.96
201.29
203.80
Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4
721
723
6.18
6.44
6.17
6.43
6.32
6.92
6.36
6.88
211.36
189.98
212.25
191.61
217.41
208.29
217.51
206.40
Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services
73
731
734
737
8.71
11.69
6.74
12.12
8.76
12.14
6.76
12.28
9.05
12.19
6.92
12.69
9.12
12.19
6.93
12.82
292.66
430.19
193.44
455.71
296.09
446.75
195.36
462.96
308.61
449.81
203.45
477.14
310.08
452.25
205.13
483.31
Auto repair, services, and garages
75
753
7.78
8.40
7.81
8.42
8.12
8.78
8.18
8.80
288.64
324.24
290.53
324.17
298.00
334.52
303.48
335.28
76
9.16
9.17
9.51
9.48
351.74
353.05
365.18
364.98
78
781
10.73
15.15
11.64
16.53
11.09
15.52
10.76
15.23
327.27
590.85
363.17
647.98
316.07
571.14
316.34
569.60
79
6.23
6.17
6.84
6.68
190.02
188.19
196.31
201.74
80
801
802
805
806
8.68
8.39
8.41
6.01
9.82
8.72
8.50
8.49
6.00
9.86
9.16
8.72
8.84
6.28
10.43
9.23
8.81
8.90
6.34
10.53
282.97
258.41
238.00
192.32
337.81
284.27
265.20
241.12
192.00
338.20
296.78
271.19
251.06
198.45
355.66
300.90
274.87
251.87
204.15
361.18
81
11.89
12.08
12.65
12.71
412.58
421.59
438.96
444.85
89
891
893
11.99
12.80
10.36
12.20
12.94
10.67
12.42
13.12
10.79
12.57
13.24
11.06
459.22
505.60
381.25
466.04
511.13
389.46
471.96
515.62
392.76
480.17
519.01
409.22
Aug.
1988P
$320.92
287.98
Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.
5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.
97
A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing
ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-
C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
June
1987
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
June
1987
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments
$13.71
$13.67
$13.93
$14.10
$12.83
$12.92
$13.51
$13.62
Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments
14.37
14.37
14.38
14.55
13.13
13.23
13.79
13.89
preliminary.
98
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
July
1987
Aug.
1987
June
1988
$9.45
$9.42
$9.70
$9.72
$9.65
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
9.95
8.07
7.42
9.70
11.29
9.52
10.21
9.54
10.19
8.21
7.66
9.86
11.42
9.78
10.40
9.76
12.63
9.53
7.69
10.20
8.25
7.74
9.99
11.50
9.75
10.43
9.77
12.60
9.62
7.74
10.14
12.26
9.41
7.51
9.93
8.07
7.44
9.66
11.27
9.49
10.21
9.53
12.29
9.41
7.46
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
8.78
8.44
14.65
6.78
5.74
10.84
9.87
11.82
13.71
8.56
5.82
8.72
8.35
13.98
6.79
5.73
10.76
9.89
11.77
13.76
8.50
5.84
8.99
8.67
15.23
7.00
5.93
11.02
9.05
8.64
$8.98
Industry
Manufacturing
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
10.08
12.01
14.12
8.63
6.10
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
15.11
7.00
5.88
11.08
10.09
12.11
14.11
8.69
6.08
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are
subject to revision.
99
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Industry
July
1987
Aug.
1987
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
Aug.
1987
June
1988
Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
$8.90
4.81
$8.94
4.81
$9.23
4.82
$9.24
4.80
$9.24
Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
12.41
6.71
12.40
6.67
12.55
6.55
12.67
6.59
$12.63
521.22
281.89
529.48
284.82
533.38
278.38
538.48
279.88
$536.78
Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
12.60
6.81
12.68
6.82
12.85
6.71
12.90
6.70
$12.93
486.36
263.04
489.45
263.29
497.30
259.55
497.94
258.80
$499.10
Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
9.87
5.34
9.86
5.30
10.16
5.30
10.16
5.28
$10.11
400.72
216.72
403.27
216.93
418.59
218.47
413.51
214.92
$412.49
12.00
6.49
12.06
6.49
12.27
6.40
12.30
6.39
$12.36
475.20
257.00
478.78
257.55
484.67
252.96
488.31
253.80
$489.46
Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
9.56
5.17
9.60
5.16
9.85
5.14
9.93
5.16
$9.89
365.19
197.51
367.68
197.78
375.29
195.87
380.32
197.67
$375.82
Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
6.07
3.28
6.07
3.27
6.26
3.27
6.28
3.26
$6.25
182.10
98.49
183.31
98.61
184.04
96.05
188.40
97.92
$186.25
Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
8.63
4.67
8.74
4.70
8.98
4.69
9.02
4.69
$9.04
312.41
168.96
318.14
171.14
321.48
167.79
326.52
169.71
$320.92
Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
8.34
4.51
8.40
4.52
8.78
4.58
8.79
4.57
$8.78
273.55
147.94
276.36
148.66
287.11
149.85
290.07
150.76
$287.98
Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
100
July
1988P
Aug.
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
$311.50 $314.69 $322.13 $324.32 $323.40
168.47 169.28 168.13 168.57
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1987 forward are subject to
revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1987
1988
Industry
Aug.
Total private
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julyp
Aug.1
34.8
34.6
34.9
34.8
34.6
34.7
34.8
34.6
34.9
34.7
34.7
34.9
34.6
41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.5
40.0
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.3
40.9
41.8
41.9
41.6
39.7
40.6
3.7
41.0
3.7
39.6
39.5
42.0
43.2
44.6
40.9
41.7
40.4
41.4
41.5
41.0
38.9
41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.4
40.1
42.5
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
42.4
42.8
41.9
39.5
41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.7
40.2
42.4
43.5
43.8
42.1
42.7
41.0
42.3
42.9
41.4
39.2
41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.4
39.8
42.5
43.4
44.0
41.7
42.6
40.9
41.5
41.4
41.2
39.2
41.1
3.9
41.6
4.0
40.2
39.6
42.0
43.4
44.0
41.8
42.7
41.1
42.0
42.1
41.8
39.1
41.0
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.3
39.5
42.3
43.1
43.8
41.6
42.6
40.9
42.0
42.3
41.3
39.3
40.9
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.1
39.3
42.3
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.9
42.1
42.3
41.4
39.2
41.2
3.9
42.0
4.2
40.6
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44.1
41.8
39.4
41.0
3.9
41.8
4.2
40.1
39.5
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2
41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.3
39.3
41.2
3.9
41.8
4.0
40.5
39.6
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
43.0
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.8
39.3
41.0
3.8
41.6
4.0
40.2
39.0
42.6
43.1
43.4
41.8
42.4
40.7
42.3
42.6
41.6
39.2
40.3
3.7
40.2
2
()
42.0
37.2
43.4
38.1
42.4
40.1
3.6
40.2
(2)
41.4
36.4
43.7
40.4
3.8
40.4
2
()
41.8
37.3
43.6
38.1
42.5
(2)
40.3
3.7
40.5
2
()
41.5
37.1
43.3
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6
40.3
3.8
40.6
2
()
41.5
36.8
43.4
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.7
40.2
3.6
40.3
2
()
41.6
37.0
43.3
38.1
42.4
(2)
41.6
40.1
3.6
40.1
2
()
41.2
37.0
43.2
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.7
40.3
3.6
40.1
2
()
40.0
3.6
41.6
37.4
43.3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0
36.9
43.3
40.2
3.6
40.4
2
()
40.9
36.8
43.4
()
41.7
40.1
3.6
40.3
(2)
40.7
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.4
(2)
41.6
40.2
3.7
40.5
(2)
41.1
41.8
38.8
40.3
3.7
40.4
2
()
41.6
37.1
43.5
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.8
38.3
38.1
42.3
(2)
41.6
42.1
(2)
41.6
38.0
38.0
37.8
37.9
37.3
37.3
36.9
37.1
37.7
39.3
39.2
39.1
39.5
39.1
38.8
39.5
39.3
39.4
39.2
38.2
38.2
38.0
38.1
38.2
38.1
38.3
37.9
38.2
37.8
29.2
29.2
28.8
29.0
29.1
29.0
29.2
29.0
29.1
29.3
29.0
32.5
32.6
32.7
32.4
32.7
32.5
32.5
32.7
32.4
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
,
2
()
41.6
38.9
39.3
38.2
38.1
42.5
2
()
41.3
37.8
39.1
38.0
29.4
29.5
32.5
32.5
40.1
(2)
40.8
36.8
43.3
37.7
42.0
2
39.4
38.0
38.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
32.6
32.6
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.
101
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1987
1988
Industry
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julyp
Total private
121.6
121.1
122.5
122.8
122.5
123.0
123.9
123.6
125.1
124.4
125.4
126.4
125.5
Goods-producing
99.6
98.0
101.0
101.2
101.3
100.5
101.1
101.6
102.7
102.1
103.2
103.4
102.8
82.9
82.7
85.0
84.1
84.0
81.7
82.5
83.2
85.9
84.4
85.0
86.1
83.6
133.9
127.0
136.7
136.4
137.7
132.1
136.0
139.1
141.1
139.3
144.0
142.6
142.1
93.8
93.2
94.8
95.1
95.0
95.2
95.2
95.2
96.1
95.7
96.1
96.6
96.1
92.9
103.9
114.6
87.3
66.8
54.1
92.5
92.7
103.0
92.7
103.6
113.2
87.3
66.4
92.7
103.1
94.0
104.7
93.9
103.2
113.7
87.5
68.1
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
91.3
90.3
92.5
101.8
112.4
100.2
111.3
85.7
102.2
114.1
87.1
66.5
85.9
65.0
51.8
88.2
86.5
100.4
99.4
88.5
103.0
65.5
54.0
87.5
85.7
99.3
53.9
90.1
88.1
101.4
97.5
85.7
102.1
81.5
99.7
88.9
105.2
97.5
97.3
99.5
73.2
83.0
85.4
100.8
99.7
98.3
100.3
71.7
82.9
70.9
132.2
82.1
84.0
102.3
132.7
95.5
83.7
96.2
84.7
116.5
58.4
83.4
82.9
86.3
91.2
89.0
101.5
99.1
88.7
104.4
83.6
66.6
54.1
90.7
89.3
101.8
97.1
84.6
103.9
83.6
113.7
86.5
66.5
53.9
53.9
112.3
87.5
66.9
54.1
90.8
90.4
90.9
90.0
90.8
102.2
97.5
84.7
106.0
83.4
101.8
97.3
85.7
105.0
84.8
101.9
99.0
101.7
75.8
82.7
85.5
101.5
98.8
100.9
74.8
98.5
98.7
99.0
100.9
73.8
82.7
86.1
101.4
133.4
101.3
76.4
82.5
102.2
77.2
82.5
85.9
101.2
133.7
97.4
86.3
90.2
96.8
84.8
105.2
84.5
97.1
84.5
121.0
81.7
85.7
101.3
136.0
97.9
83.5
121.8
113.2
88.3
67.6
54.8
91.8
91.5
102.8
100.0
89.8
106.5
85.0
54.6
92.1
91.6
102.3
100.2
89.9
106.1
83.9
94.3
94.8
94.3
103.8
113.4
88.1
68.6
55.4
103.9
114.8
87.9
69.0
103.0
112.3
92.8
91.6
103.0
100.0
90.3
106.6
84.5
55.1
93.1
93.6
103.3
99.8
88.2
108.5
85.1
103.2
98.8
99.9
68.6
79.7
99.1
98.4
98.9
99.1
101.0
73.8
82.2
86.2
101.4
136.5
97.1
100.5
101.4
71.0
71.4
80.2
84.8
100.6
73.7
81.3
84.3
102.1
80.6
84.7
101.5
134.9
87.9
68.2
54.3
92.8
92.7
99.5
89.4
108.5
84.5
116.2
85.1
118.7
96.7
85.3
119.6
120.1
85.1
101.6
134.9
97.4
86.3
120.9
122.9
97.4
85.3
123.1
123.4
124.4
84.1
102.8
137.2
99.1
89.8
123.9
56.7
58.2
57.5
57.0
57.5
57.2
56.9
55.5
55.5
54.9
55.7
56.6
133.8
133.9
134.3
134.7
134.2
135.5
136.4
135.8
137.4
136.8
137.8
139.1
138.0
109.9
110.0
110.9
111.0
111.0
112.6
111.8
111.2
113.5
113.5
113.8
114.4
114.3
119.8
119.6
120.7
121.3
121.3
122.2
123.1
123.6
124.8
124.4
124.9
126.3
125.5
123.6
124.1
123.5
123.8
122.2
124.0
125.2
124.8
126.0
125.1
126.2
127.4
126.2
141.8
140.6
141.1
141.3
139.6
141.3
141.6
139.6
141.1
140.1
140.1
142.3
139.5
153.5
153.7
154.8
155.3
155.6
156.5
158.0
157.2
159.0
158.3
160.0
161.4
160.5
101.7
133.0
96.2
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.
102
103.7
114.0
88.3
Aug.1
135.5
84.9
101.7
136.4
98.8
86.8
136.9
99.0
87.8
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are
subject to revision.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1987
1988
Industry
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
Julyp
| Aug.1
Hourly Earnings lndex2(1977 = 100)
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4
175.6
175.7
176.6
176.7
177.0
178.0
178.7
178.6
179.3
179.4
155.2
176.1
177.5
156.5
176.4
177.6
155.4
176.6
178.2
157.6
176.8
178.3
156.8
177.0
179.1
157.5
177.3
179.4
157.8
177.9
180.6
157.5
178.4
181.6
157.8
178.8
181.0
158.8
178.8
181.5
162.3
162.1
162.4
162.7
163.4
163.4
163.8
164.8
165.4
165.7
166.8
182.5
183.9
184.9
185.2
186.5
186.3
186.9
188.3
189.9
189.4
190.8
158.3
179.1
182.2
(3)
166.6
(3)
191.0
93.8
93.7
93.5
93.8
93.7
93.6
93.7
93.5
93.6
93.6
93.2
93.2
$9.01
$9.02
$9.07
$9.10
174.1
174.6
174.9
(3)
155.1
175.3
177.0
(3)
154.8
176.3
176.8
161.5
(3)
182.4
0
Average hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities .,
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
$12.72 $12.70 $12.72 $12.81
9.99
10.00
9.94
10.00
12.09
12.07 12.12 12.13
9.70
9.65
9.71
9.64
6.16
6.13
6.17
6.18
8.82
8.79
8.89
8.76
8.60
8.53
8.65
8.55
$9.11
$9.14
$9.13
$9.16 $9.23
$9.27 $9.27
$9.31
$9.31
(
)
)
$12.74 $12.91 $12.82 $12.90 $12.93 $12.91 $12.93 $13.02 $12.97
10.05
10.15
10.02
10.03
10.11
10.18
10.19
10.17
10.01
12.21
12.35 12.33 12.34 12.40
12.14
12.19
12.29
12.16
9.88
9.76
9.86
9.75
9.72
9.88
9.94
9.97
9.69
6.22
6.28
6.29
6.20
6.20
6.25
6.31
6.33
6.19
9.08
8.90
8.99
9.00
8.92
8.91
9.09
9.09
8.84
8.88
8.75
8.81
8.86
8.72
8.72
8.92
8.92
8.67
Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars4 .
313.55 312.09 316.54 316.68 315.21 317.16 317.72 316.94 322.13 321.67 321.67 324.92 322.13
168.85 167.52 169.27 169.08 168.02 168.43 168.46 167.43 169.36 168.41 167.89 168.88
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1987 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1984 forward are subject to
revision. Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index series will no longer
be published in Employment and Earnings. For further information, see
"Employment Cost Index Series to Replace Hourly Earnings Index," Monthly
Labor Review, July 1988, pp. 32-35.
103
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile
41.3
41.0
41.8
41.5
41.3
40.5
40.9
40.7
40.5
$8.76
9.09
10.11
$9.00
9.15
10.66
Alaska
47.0
44.3
44.8
9.76
Arizona
40.8
41.2
40.8
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
41.0
42.2
40.3
40.7
43.7
41.0
41.9
40.2
40.9
43.3
40.8
41.4
40.3
41.1
43.4
California
40.0
V)
0
10.79
Colorado
Denver
39.7
39.2
40.7
41.1
39.9
40.4
10.11
10.39
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
42.0
41.4
41.8
40.5
42.9
41.8
41.7
41.8
42.5
40.8
40.4
43.3
41.6
41.2
41.9
40.5
40.1
40.3
10.52
10.85
10.70
10.11
11.30
9.04
Delaware
Wilmington
39.6
40.3
40.3
41.0
37.3
37.9
District of Columbia:
Washington MSA
39.0
39.8
Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
40.2
41.9
40.9
38.2
40.9
42.1
39.2
40.8
41.0
41.7
41.5
39.9
40.4
42.5
41.2
40.2
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
42.1
42.1
46.2
Hawaii
,
July
1987
Average weekly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
$9.02
9.05
10.77
$361.79
372.69
422.60
$373.50
377.90
431.73
$368.92
368.34
436.18
11.32
10.33
458.72
501.48
462.78
9.98
9.87
9.91
407.18
406.64
404.33
7.92
7.07
8.52
8.59
10.62
8.09
7.22
8.60
8.51
10.45
8.11
7.16
8.68
8.60
10.32
324.72
298.35
343.36
349.61
464.09
331.69
302.52
345.72
348.06
452.49
330.89
296.42
349.80
353.46
447.89
0
V)
431.60
10.30
10.74
10.50
10.99
401.37
407.29
419.21
441.41
418.95
444.00
10.77
11.10
11.21
10.29
12.10
9.62
10.74
11.17
11.39
10.38
12.56
9.94
441.84
449.19
447.26
409.46
484.77
377.87
449.11
463.98
476.43
419.83
488.84
416.55
446.78
460.20
477.24
420.39
503.66
400.58
10.31
12.49
10.73
13.40
10.65
13.71
408.28
503.35
432.42
549.40
397.25
519.61
39.3
10.60
11.19
11.30
413.40
445.36
444.09
39.9
40.6
39.8
38.9
40.0
41.7
39.7
40.8
8.16
8.03
8.63
7.10
8.57
10.70
7.54
8.36
8.38
9.03
7.16
8.84
10.74
8.10
9.14
8.42
8.40
9.17
7.26
8.97
10.77
8.18
9.04
328.03
336.46
352.97
271.22
350.51
450.47
295.57
362.71
342.76
349.45
374.75
285.68
357.14
456.45
333.72
367.43
335.96
341.04
364.97
282.41
358.80
449.11
324.75
368.83
41.5
41.7
48.9
41.4
41.2
48.2
8.50
10.00
10.94
8.65
10.31
11.28
8.65
10.31
11.40
357.85
421.00
505.43
358.98
429.93
551.59
358.11
424.77
549.48
38.7
38.3
39.4
39.5
40.1
40.7
9.26
9.46
9.95
10.08
9.89
10.05
358.36
362.32
392.03
398.16
396.59
409.04
36.9
39.2
39.4
9.65
9.77
356.09
386.51
384.94
41.5
41.2
40.6
39.8
41.3
40.8
41.4
41.7
39.2
43.4
40.5
42.5
41.9
41.9
43.1
39.8
42.4
39.4
42.1
42.4
41.1
47.3
43.2
42.8
41.6
41.7
38.8
40.4
41.8
39.3
42.5
41.8
40.6
44.1
42.6
43.3
10.86
10.49
10.71
9.12
10.61
12.90
14.06
11.82
10.89
13.09
11.16
11.71
11.09
10.69
11.53
8.99
10.86
12.81
14.25
11.91
11.37
13.57
11.59
11.61
11.11
10.67
11.59
9.24
10.74
12.92
14.34
11.97
11.31
13.59
11.06
11.77
450.69
432.19
434.83
362.98
438.19
526.32
582.08
492.89
426.89
568.11
451.98
497.68
464.67
447.91
496.94
357.80
460.46
504.71
599.93
504.98
467.31
641.86
500.69
496.91
462.18
444.94
449.69
373.30
448.93
507.76
609.45
500.35
459.19
599.32
471.16
509.64
41.5
42.3
41.5
11.01
11.37
11.35
456.92
480.95
471.03
Honolulu
July
1988?
June
1988
July
1988?
O
Idaho
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.
104
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
40.9
40.1
41.4
42.0
38.6
41.4
39.9
42.1
40.6
33.4
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
40.5
40.6
40.0
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
41.3
39.8
41.0
40.9
30.5
$10.72
12.30
11.70
12.66
7.99
$10.58
12.16
11.93
11.88
8.39
41.2
43.4
41.2
40.2
42.8
40.5
9.87
11.32
10.87
39.8
39.8
40.5
41.0
40.5
42.2
40.2
39.1
41.8
Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport
41.1
43.4
40.0
40.0
42.9
42.5
41.0
42.5
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
40.8
40.1
38.9
Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Average weekly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
July
$10.57
12.15
11.88
11.90
8.18
$438.45
493.23
484.38
531.72
308.41
$438.01
485.18
502.25
482.33
280.23
$436.54
483.57
487.08
486.71
249.49
10.15
11.25
10.63
10.15
11.28
10.72
399.74
459.59
434.80
418.18
488.25
437.96
408.03
482.78
434.16
10.05
10.53
11.42
10.23
10.36
11.83
10.23
10.23
11.90
399.99
419.09
462.51
419.43
419.58
499.23
411.25
399.99
497.42
42.3
43.1
41.1
41.5
10.97
11.90
10.66
11.59
11.04
12.78
10.43
11.98
11.08
13.17
10.60
11.61
450.87
516.46
426.40
463.60
473.62
543.15
427.63
509.15
468.68
567.63
435.66
481.82
40.2
39.9
41.2
39.7
35.0
40.5
8.80
7.32
9.10
9.03
7.97
9.37
9.37
8.34
9.59
359.04
293.53
353.99
363.01
318.00
386.04
371.99
291.90
388.40
40.7
41.8
41.6
42.1
41.4
42.0
10.08
10.93
10.44
11.17
10.35
11.17
410.26
456.87
434.30
470.26
428.49
469.14
Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester
40.9
40.0
42.5
40.3
41.5
41.8
43.0
40.4
41.4
42.1
43.0
40.4
9.73
10.67
9.17
9.88
10.23
10.90
9.70
10.41
10.37
11.05
9.81
10.50
397.96
426.80
389.73
398.16
424.55
455.62
417.10
420.56
429.32
465.21
421.83
424.20
Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland
40.8
41.1
42.7
41.5
41.9
38.9
41.1
43.7
39.8
42.1
43.8
46.7
41.9
45.3
43.9
41.7
43.3
43.6
40.7
44.0
41.7
43.4
42.1
42.2
42.3
40.9
41.4
37.7
41.0
42.5
12.82
13.59
14.03
13.58
15.50
10.92
11.84
13.98
12.05
14.40
13.45
14.86
14.27
14.49
16.52
11.38
12.40
15.49
12.17
15.25
13.22
14.41
14.94
14.18
16.62
11.43
12.73
15.13
11.94
15.10
523.06
558.55
599.08
563.57
649.45
424.79
486.62
610.93
479.59
606.24
589.11
693.96
597.91
656.40
725.23
474.55
536.92
675.36
495.32
671.00
551.27
625.39
628.97
598.40
703.03
467.49
527.02
570.40
489.54
641.75
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud
40.6
36.8
40.4
38.5
40.8
43.0
41.2
39.5
40.7
33.7
41.2
38.9
10.32
10.84
11.16
9.35
10.53
10.92
11.26
9.89
10.51
10.87
11.22
9.93
418.99
398.91
450.86
359.98
429.62
469.56
463.91
390.66
427.76
366.32
462.26
386.28
Mississippi
Jackson
39.9
39.4
40.7
40.4
40.1
39.6
7.54
8.45
7.82
8.94
7.74
8.69
300.85
332.93
318.27
361.18
310.37
344.12
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
39.8
39.7
40.6
39.4
41.0
41.7
41.2
41.1
40.2
40.0
40.4
41.1
9.90
10.84
11.64
8.62
10.14
11.41
11.77
8.56
10.07
11.17
11.80
8.56
394.02
430.35
472.58
339.63
415.74
475.80
484.92
351.82
404.81
446.80
476.72
351.82
Montana
38.4
39.0
37.8
10.75
10.82
10.76
412.80
421.98
406.73
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha
39.7
40.3
40.1
40.5
39.8
40.9
40.4
40.1
41.8
9.27
9.69
10.10
9.52
9.86
10.32
9.60
10.02
10.52
368.02
390.51
405.01
385.56
392.43
422.09
387.84
401.80
439.74
Nevada
Las Vegas
39.4
39.7
39.0
39.8
39.9
39.9
9.79
12.13
10.01
12.47
10.04
12.58
385.73
481.56
390.39
496.31
400.60
501.94
New Hampshire
Nashua
40.1
40.5
40.6
40.1
39.2
38.2
9.39
11.25
9.60
11.76
9.74
11.82
376.54
455.63
389.76
471.58
381.81
451.52
:
See footnotes at end of table.
105
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
New Jersey ....
40.6
41.1
New Mexico ...
Albuquerque.
39.4
39.5
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
40.7
$10.44
$10.85
39.9
40.5
40.3
40.3
8.89
9.07
39.4
39.7
40.2
40.8
40.4
40.3
37.0
36.7
39.7
37.4
41.9
41.4
38.9
40.3
41.4
39.2
40.0
41.0
39.9
43.5
41.4
39.3
37.1
36.9
42.2
39.8
41.1
43.1
35.4
42.0
41.2
40.3
39.7
40.4
40.4
43.6
40.1
39.0
37.0
36.6
41.0
39.5
41.4
42.4
34.9
40.9
41.1
40.7
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham
40.6
42.0
42.1
39.6
41.5
40.5
41.4
40.4
40.1
41.7
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead .
38.4
35.9
Ohio
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.,
Average weekly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
July
$10.87
$423.86
$445.94
$442.41
8.90
9.28
8.94
9.44
350.27
358.27
355.11
375.84
360.28
380.43
10.09
10.50
9.24
11.92
9.47
10.94
9.58
9.44
12.38
7.88
9.50
11.83
10.83
11.11
9.64
10.25
10.41
10.89
9.48
12.41
9.72
11.01
9.77
9.49
13.36
8.19
9.88
12.36
11.19
11.92
9.62
11.53
10.46
10.95
9.59
12.50
9.71
11.18
9.77
9.47
13.24
8.25
9.99
12.26
11.37
12.23
9.71
11.57
397.55
416.85
371.45
486.34
382.59
440.88
354.46
346.45
491.49
294.71
398.05
489.76
421.29
447.73
399.10
401.80
416.40
446.49
378.25
539.84
402.41
432.69
362.47
350.18
563.79
325.96
406.07
532.72
396.13
500.64
396.34
464.66
415.26
442.38
387.44
545.00
389.37
436.02
361.49
346.60
542.84
325.88
413.59
519.82
396.81
500.21
399.08
470.90
40.1
41.2
40.1
39.3
41.2
7.83
7.90
8.02
8.68
8.99
8.11
8.18
8.34
9.00
9.19
8.13
8.14
8.36
8.96
9.26
317.90
331.80
337.64
343.73
373.09
328.46
338.65
336.94
360.90
383.22
326.01
335.37
335.24
352.13
381.51
39.1
40.3
38.8
40.5
8.35
8.48
8.38
8.35
8.36
8.36
320.64
304.43
327.66
336.51
324.37
338.58
41.9
42.1
42.1
41.8
41.3
41.5
41.3
42.0
43.3
44.1
42.0
43.7
41.5
44.0
43.4
42.8
42.4
43.0
41.6
42.7
41.4
42.9
42.2
42.2
11.58
11.15
10.73
11.40
11.48
11.86
12.67
12.90
12.05
11.76
11.11
11.86
11.57
12.71
13.17
13.60
11.90
11.51
11.10
11.68
11.56
12.54
12.93
13.48
485.20
469.42
451.73
476.52
474.12
492.19
523.27
541.80
521.77
518.62
466.62
518.28
480.16
559.24
571.58
582.08
504.56
494.93
461.76
498.74
478.58
537.97
545.65
568.86
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa
40.9
40.2
41.2
41.2
42.0
40.5
40.1
39.8
40.9
10.23
11.00
10.72
10.29
11.49
10.74
10.23
11.37
10.66
418.41
442.20
441.66
423.95
482.58
434.97
410.22
452.53
435.99
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem
38.6
37.5
39.7
38.6
39.4
40.3
39.2
38.2
39.0
39.0
39.4
37.6
10.44
10.61
10.65
8.05
10.65
10.70
10.74
8.86
10.75
10.82
10.71
8.95
402.98
397.88
422.81
310.73
419.61
431.21
421.01
338.45
419.25
421.98
421.97
336.52
See footnotes at end of table.
106
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
Average weekly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
$10.27
10.42
8.78
10.77
10.51
9.60
8.48
10.10
11.30
11.34
10.69
9.01
8.84
9.84
$405.32
420.80
341.60
451.55
430.12
369.34
326.14
384.40
437.94
456.25
407.95
341.15
345.26
403.42
$421.48
411.77
363.03
458.34
444.74
380.25
331.57
405.02
455.53
472.08
441.50
346.99
373.43
422.86
$419.02
419.93
361.74
442.65
444.57
383.04
337.50
399.96
450.87
475.15
427.60
354.09
374.82
417.22
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg- Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
40.9
40.0
39.4
41.2
41.8
39.8
39.2
40.0
40.4
40.7
41.0
38.9
41.2
43.1
41.2
39.9
41.3
42.4
42.6
39.9
39.9
40.3
40.6
42.0
41.3
38.9
42.1
42.8
40.8
40.3
41.2
41.1
42.3
39.9
39.8
39.6
39.9
41.9
40.0
39.3
42.4
42.4
$9.91
10.52
8.67
10.96
10.29
9.28
8.32
9.61
9.36
$10.23
10.32
8.79
10.81
10.44
9.53
8.31
10.05
11.22
11.24
10.69
8.92
8.87
9.88
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
40.0
40.1
39.9
39.6
40.0
39.6
39.4
39.7
39.5
8.23
7.71
8.22
8.50
8.08
8.44
8.53
8.12
8.46
329.20
309.17
327.98
336.60
323.20
334.22
336.08
322.36
334.17
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
41.6
41.5
40.9
41.8
41.4
40.8
41.4
41.4
41.1
41.0
41.5
41.2
8.10
9.06
7.91
7.98
8.30
9.16
8.34
8.24
8.32
9.20
8.43
8.24
336.96
375.99
323.52
333.56
343.62
373.73
345.28
341.14
341.95
377.20
349.84
339.49
South Dakota
Sioux Falls
41.2
41.6
42.2
45.1
41.0
43.7
7.86
7.64
7.92
8.13
7.92
8.12
323.83
317.82
334.22
366.66
324.72
354.84
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville
41.2
41.9
43.6
40.5
42.9
41.7
41.9
41.1
42.7
42.4
42.3
42.0
40.8
41.6
42.2
41.2
41.2
41.1
8.81
7.87
9.31
9.04
8.76
10.36
8.93
8.15
9.57
9.01
8.95
10.28
8.97
8.27
9.62
9.05
8.94
10.37
362.97
329.75
405.92
366.12
375.80
432.01
374.17
334.97
408.64
382.02
378.59
431.76
365.98
344.03
405.96
372.86
368.33
426.21
Texas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio
41.2
41.3
40.8
43.2
39.0
41.9
41.5
42.6
43.6
40.3
41.8
41.3
41.8
43.3
39.5
9.83
9.83
9.73
11.28
7.58
9.97
9.73
10.63
11.27
7.58
10.02
9.77
10.50
11.38
7.54
405.00
405.98
396.98
487.30
295.62
417.74
403.80
452.84
491.37
305.47
418.84
403.50
438.90
492.75
297.83
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden
39.5
40.4
40.1
41.0
40.6
41.2
9.92
9.85
9.96
9.92
9.96
9.94
391.84
397.94
399.40
406.72
404.38
409.53
Vermont
Burlington
39.6
39.7
41.5
39.7
40.8
41.2
9.14
10.06
9.46
9.66
9.97
10.03
361.94
399.38
392.59
383.50
406.78
413.24
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
40.7
42.1
40.5
41.8
40.9
39.3
41.0
41.2
41.1
42.5
41.4
42.1
41.2
39.5
41.7
39.9
41.0
46.4
40.8
42.0
41.3
39.5
41.3
40.4
9.16
8.06
7.38
8.40
8.55
9.71
12.01
8.72
9.37
7.78
7.71
8.58
8.86
10.55
11.95
9.24
9.38
7.45
7.68
8.65
8.82
10.72
11.81
9.39
372.81
339.33
298.89
351.12
349.70
381.60
492.41
359.26
385.11
330.65
319.19
361.22
365.03
416.73
498.32
368.68
384.58
345.68
313.34
363.30
364.27
423.44
487.75
379.36
Washington
40.0
40.0
39.4
11.78
11.72
11.91
471.20
468.80
469.25
Dallas
10.84
11.21
9.95
8.77
8.38
See footnotes at end of table.
107
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland..
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
40.0
41.4
39.6
42.0
41.3
41.3
43.1
41.3
41.2
42.4
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh ....
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
41.1
41.8
41.7
42.0
38.9
39.0
38.1
40.9
41.2
39.3
43.0
Wyoming
Average hourly earnings
July
1987
June
1988
41.0
42.2
41.1
40.9
41.1
$10.67
13.38
11.87
12.02
13.06
$10.88
13.43
12.19
12.85
12.02
41.6
43.3
40.5
42.7
42.3
39.2
39.2
41.8
41.4
40.5
42.7
41.2
43.2
40.3
42.3
40.6
38.5
39.7
42.1
40.8
40.9
42.7
10.43
10.82
10.85
39.9
38.7
38.9
Puerto Rico
38.5
38.9
39.2
Virgin Islands
42.8
40.4
40.5
1
108
12.11
9.21
9.74
11.73
10.94
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
$11.10
13.78
12.27
12.47
12.04
$426.80
553.93
470.05
504.84
539.38
$449.34
578.83
503.45
529.42
509.65
$455.10
581.52
504.30
510.02
494.84
10.56
11.08
10.54
11.46
12.80
12.78
9.05
10.05
11.51
10.97
10.04
10.57
11.10
10.58
11.36
12.31
12.24
8.97
10.15
11.59
11.17
9.98
428.67
452.28
452.45
459.48
476.91
472.29
350.90
398.37
483.28
429.94
424.84
439.30
479.76
426.87
489.34
541.44
500.98
354.76
420.09
476.51
444.29
428.71
435.48
479.52
426.37
480.53
499.79
471.24
356.11
427.32
472.87
456.85
426.15
10.13
10.32
397.01
392.03
401.45
5.52
5.54
208.29
214.73
217.17
9.42
9.56
396.33
380.57
387.18
9.88
Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this
p
10.94
12.26
9.95
5.41
9.26
July
1988P
Average weekly earnings
publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1987
benchmarks.except Colorado. Data for Colorado have been adjusted to December
1986 benchmarks.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry
Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Aug. 1987
to
Aug. 1988P
June 1988
to
July 1988r
July 1988
to
Aug. 1988P
197,685
3.3
0.6
-0.3
163,541
162,665
3.3
1,644
10,565
41,657
24,861
16,796
11,431
12,130
28,979
12,465
43,541
1,641
10,462
41,782
24,943
16,839
11,515
12,250
29,362
12,611
43,918
1,638
10,478
41,655
24,866
16,789
11,479
12,188
29,118
12,397
43,713
.6
6.4
2.4
2.9
1.7
3.7
4.2
2.5
-.7
4.9
34,731
34,694
35,020
3.3
June
1988r
July
1988r
Aug.
1988P
197,142
198,234
162,411
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,
Percent change
-.5
-.2
-1.0
.3
.3
.3
.7
1.0
1.3
1.2
.9
-.2
.2
-.3
-.3
-.3
-.3
-.5
-.8
-1.7
-.5
nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
109
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977=100)
Quarterly index
Annual average
Item
1985
1986
1987
1986
1988
1987
IV
IV
IV
Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
110.1
128.6
116.8
183.1
101.2
166.3
165.0
165.8
111.0
133.3
120.1
190.4
101.5
171.5
168.7
170.5
108.5
125.9
116.1
178.8
99.4
164.8
161.6
163.7
110.5
128.4
116.2
180.4
100.0
163.3
164.5
163.7
110.4
128.2
116.1
182.0
101.2
164.9
165.2
165.0
110.0
128.5
116.8
184.0
101.7
167.3
166.6
167.0
109.8
129.3
117.8
186.2
102.2
169.6
163.7
167.5
109.9
130.5
118.8
187.3
101.5
170.5
165.6
168.7
110.6
132.2
119.5
189.0
101.2
170.8
168.7
170.1
111.7
134.3
120.3
191.1
101.4
171.1
171.5
171.2
111.8
136.2
121.8
194.0
102.0
173.5
168.9
171.9
112.8
138.0
122.3
195.8
102.1
173.5
170.0
172.3
112.1
139.2
124.2
198 0
102.1
176.7
170.2
174.4
108.2
128.2
118.5
182.3
100.8
168.6
166.4
167.8
109.0
133.0
122.1
189.4
101.0
173.8
170.2
172.5
106.5
125.5
117.9
177.9
99.0
167.1
162.7
165.5
108.6
128.1
117.9
179.8
99.6
165.5
166.1
165.7
108.4
127.8
117.9
181.2
100.7
167.1
166.6
167.0
108.0
128.1
118.6
183.1
101.2
169.5
168.1
169.0
107.8
128.8
119.5
185.4
101.8
172.1
164.9
169.5
107.8
130.1
120.7
186.4
101.0
172.9
167.2
170.9
108.6
131.9
121.5
187.9
100.6
173.0
169.8
171.9
109.6
134.1
122.3
190.0
100.8
173.3
173.0
173.2
109.9
136.0
123.8
192.9
101.4
175.6
170.9
174.0
110.8
137.9
124.4
194.6
101.5
175.7
171.6
174.2
110.4
139.6
126.5
196.6
101.3
178.1
171.6
175.8
127.7
124.7
97.7
183.0
101.2
143.3
132.0
130.1
98.6
186.9
125.3
123.3
99.8
143.2
127.2
124.1
97.6
182.0
101.2
143.2
128.0
124.8
97.4
183.6
101.5
143.4
128.8
125.9
97.7
185.3
101.7
143.8
130.0
127.2
97.8
185.9
100.8
143.1
131.7
128.7
99.7
141.7
126.6
124.2
98.1
181.1
100.3
143.0
132.8
131.1
98.8
187.2
99.3
141.0
133.2
133.5
100.2
188.2
99.0
141.3
134.3
135.0
100.6
190.7
99.4
142.1
135.5
136.9
101.1
192.1
99.0
141.9
133.5
130.8
98.0
181.9
100.6
136.3
138.5
136.0
130.4
129.5
133.9
130.7
97.6
182.2
100.7
136.0
135.1
131.8
97.6
184.2
101.2
136.4
136.6
133.3
97.6
184.9
100.2
135.3
138.1
134.2
97.2
184.4
98.8
133.5
98.2
185.3
140.0
139.9
99.9
186.2
98.8
133.7
99.3
178.6
99.3
136.9
132.6
130.0
98.0
180.8
100.5
136.3
139.1
136.5
98.2
185.2
132.2
130.5
98.7
180.3
99.9
136.4
98.3
133.2
97.9
133.0
141.3
141.3
100.0
189.5
98.8
134.1
142.7
144.0
100 9
190.2
93.0
133.3
118.9
115.8
97.3
184.8
102.2
155.4
122.3
121.4
99.3
190.1
101.4
155.4
117.6
114.1
97.0
180.5
100.4
153.5
118.1
114.7
97.1
182.1
100.9
154.3
118.9
115.4
97.0
184.0
102.3
154.7
119.2
115.9
97.2
186.0
102.8
156.0
119.6
117.0
97.9
187.2
102.8
156.5
120.1
118.0
98.2
188.0
101.9
156.4
122.4
120.5
98.4
189.7
101.6
155.0
123.5
123.1
99.7
190.8
101.2
154.5
123.2
124.0
100.7
191.9
100.9
155.8
123.9
125.6
101.4
193.2
100.8
156.0
124.7
126.3
101.3
195.7
100.8
156.9
109.7
129.1
117.7
179.5
99.2
167.3
163.6
178.4
132.4
163.2
111.3
134.6
120.9
185.5
98.9
170.6
166.6
182.5
130.8
165.8
108.0
126.7
117.3
175.3
97.5
165.8
162.3
176.3
132.4
161.8
109.5
128.8
117.6
177.1
98.1
165.5
161.7
176.7
133.7
161.7
109.3
128.3
117.3
178.5
99.2
166.7
163.3
176.9
132.7
162.6
109.6
128.9
117.6
180.2
99.6
168.4
164.3
180.3
133.6
164.2
110.3
130.4
118.1
182.2
100.1
168.8
165.1
179.6
129.7
164.1
110.1
131.3
119.3
182.9
99.1
169.9
166.2
180.8
128.5
164.9
110.9
133.3
120.2
184.3
98.7
170.3
166.1
182.6
129.8
165.4
112.2
136.1
121.3
186.1
98.7
170.2
165.9
183.0
136.4
166.1
112.2
137.7
122.8
188.5
99.1
172.0
168.1
183.6
128.3
166.7
113.3
140.1
123.6
189.9
99.0
171.5
167.5
183.4
132.5
166.9
113.5
141.0
125.1
191 8
93.9
172.8
169.1
184.0
133.9
ies.2
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
98.4
179.4
97.7
186.3
99.7
141.4
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
= revised.
110
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Same quarter, previous year
Previous quarter
Item
1987
1987
1987
IV
1987
1988
1988r
1987
1987
1987
IV
1987
I
1988
0.3
3.7
3.4
2.5
-2.8
2.2
4.6
3.0
2.7
5.3
2.5
3.6
-1.2
.8
3.9
6.6
2.6
4.6
.8
.7
6.7
2.8
0.6
5.7
5.1
6.2
2.4
5.6
-5.8
1.4
3.5
5.5
1.9
3.7
.3
.2
2.5
1.0
-2.5
3.4
6.0
4.8
.0
7.5
.6
5.0
-0.6
1.6
2.2
3.8
1.5
4.4
.7
3.1
0.2
3.1
2.9
3.8
.0
3.6
2.1
3.1
1.5
4.5
3.0
3.9
-.3
2.3
2.9
2.5
1.9
5.3
3.4
4.2
-.2
2.3
3.2
2.6
2.7
5.8
3.0
4.5
.5
1.8
2.7
2.1
1.3
5.3
3.9
4.8
.0
4.0
4.0
2.1
-3.2
2.1
5.7
3.3
3.2
5.7
2.5
3.4
-1.4
.2
6.5
2.3
3.7
6.8
2.9
4.5
.6
.7
3.4
5.6
7.7
3.1
.9
5.9
4.9
6.4
2.6
5.4
-4.8
1.8
.1
1.6
.6
-1.4
5.2
6.6
4.2
-.6
5.7
.2
3.7
-.8
1.6
2.4
3.7
1.4
4.5
.6
3.1
.2
3.2
3.0
3.7
-.1
3.5
1.9
3.0
1.5
4.7
3.2
3.7
-.4
2.2
2.9
2.5
1.9
5.6
3.6
4.1
-.4
2.1
3.6
2.6
2.8
6.0
3.1
4.4
.5
1.6
2.6
1.9
1.6
5.8
4.1
4.6
.7
2.9
1.1
2.3
3.6
4.1
.5
1.4
-3.8
-2.1
5.5
4.9
-.6
.7
-4.0
-4.6
3.2
7.8
4.4
2.1
-1.7
-1.1
2.1
-1.5
.8
3.2
4.6
1.3
5.4
2.0
2.2
3.6
5.7
2.0
3.0
-1.7
-.6
2.7
2.4
-.3
2.7
.4
.0
3.6
3.7
.1
2.3
-1.4
-1.2
3.7
5.1
1.4
2.0
-2.1
-1.7
3.4
6.0
2.6
1.6
-2.7
-1.8
3.3
6.2
2.8
2.6
-1.3
-.7
2.8
6.4
3.4
3.2
-.7
.3
4.7
4.5
-.2
1.3
4.4
2.8
-1.5
-1.0
-5.6
-5.1
2.9
7.0
4.0
2.0
-1.7
-.9
2.6
10.2
7.3
1.9
-1.7
-.7
3.8
4.3
.4
7.1
3.6
3.2
3.9
3.3
2.1
-3.1
-2.3
-.8
4.1
3.3
-.8
2.0
-1.7
-2.0
3.8
4.5
.6
1.7
-2.4
-2.1
3.7
6.1
2.3
1.1
-3.2
-2.5
3.4
6.0
2.5
2.5
-1.4
-.9
3.3
7.3
3.8
3.1
-.8
-.2
2.3
5.1
2.7
2.9
-.5
.6
2.8
2.4
-.4
5.2
.4
2.3
1.8
2.9
1.1
3.2
.9
1.4
2.9
4.4
1.5
3.1
-.7
.2
3.6
6.2
2.5
2.6
-1.5
-1.0
3.0
6.0
2.9
2.5
-1.9
-.5
3.1
6.4
3.2
2.8
-1.1
-.3
1.9
4.9
2.9
3.2
-.7
1.2
4.3
7.2
2.8
3.0
-.4
-1.0
.4
5.2
4.7
4.2
-.6
3.0
3.7
1.2
4.1
3.1
.5
2.0
1.5
3.3
1.0
2.6
2.8
2.3
-3.8
2.0
1.5
3.9
2.4
3.2
-.6
2.1
1.7
3.2
-2.2
1.7
2.3
5.6
3.2
3.3
-.9
1.1
.9
1.5
2.0
1.2
1.6
5.6
3.9
3.4
-1.0
1.9
1.8
2.2
-1.1
1.6
3.0
6.7
3.6
3.8
-.1
1.0
.8
1.5
3.1
1.2
2.3
6.5
4.1
4.1
1988 r
Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
7.9
3.2
.9
3.4
.9
2.5
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
2.1
3.5
.1
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
1.3
7.5
6.1
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
-3.9
-3.2
7.7
3.7
1.5
-1.2
2.6
.3
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
1.9
3.4
1.5
1.6
-3.6
-.2
7.6
8.5
.8
3.8
3.8
9.0
5.1
2.4
-1.1
3.1
4.2
2.2
-1.0
-3.6
-1.4
-1.3
-1.4
3.4
-1.0
2.9
4.0
1.6
-3.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
-3.5
2.0
3.1
6.1
2.9
2.9
-1.8
1.0
-.2
4.1
3.9
1.2
4.7
8.8
4.0
4.1
-.1
4.7
4.8
5.2
1.5
4.2
5.3
1.3
-21.5
1.5
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
=revised.
.3
-.2
-.6
.8
21.9
1.7
-1.2
-.3
13.8
.3
.2
1.5
1.8
.7
3.2
1.7
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).
Ill
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
1,913.1
451.7
132.0
215.8
139.5
68.5
1,875.2
445.7
133.2
206.9
135.0
67.7
July
1988P
1,879.2
447.2
133.3
209.3
136.0
68.1
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
148.7
30.7
129.0
25.4
130.5
25.1
7.0
6.9
6.9
19.9
17.8
8.3
3.7
16.9
9.2
4.4
8.1
3.6
July
1987
June
1988
1988P
7.8
6.8
5.3
9.2
6.6
6.4
6.9
5.7
5.2
8.6
6.2
5.5
6.9
5.6
5.2
8.1
6.0
5.3
July
266.0
251.1
255.0
25.2
21.7
19.4
9.5
8.7
7.6
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
1,590.7
993.4
299.8
1,619.1
1,010.0
306.1
1,619.1
1,013.7
302.9
107.7
52.9
15.2
98.8
48.7
14.7
109.0
52.4
15.8
6.8
5.3
5.1
6.1
4.8
4.8
6.7
5.2
5.2
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
1,096.3
57.2
91.4
258.8
36.6
1,130.5
60.8
95.4
267.1
37.6
1,123.3
60.5
94.9
264.7
37.2
83.5
86.7
3.2
88.5
2.7
5.7
17.8
3.3
7.6
3.7
5.7
7.3
8.7
7.8
4.5
6.0
6.7
8.8
7.7
4.5
6.1
6.6
8.9
13,960.3
1,308.9
231.8
303.1
4,287.0
156.1
1,046.0
342.4
920.5
685.9
1,075.0
883.9
814.1
180.2
190.5
190.4
188.2
14,175.7
1,348.7
236.1
314.0
4,129.1
163.0
1,073.7
358.0
978.8
721.1
1,126.9
900.3
833.2
184.3
199.6
199.5
197.2
14,299.1
1,360.8
237.6
319.9
4,180.1
168.2
1,087.1
366.5
974.2
728.2
1,135.3
908.2
841.7
183.8
199.7
197.1
199.6
837.3
45.1
21.5
28.0
283.0
17.1
56.1
20.7
58.8
37.9
52.4
36.5
37.7
770.6
43.7
22.7
32.2
208.5
21.6
52.3
18.3
59.2
39.1
50.9
34.3
35.4
838.5
47.1
23.1
33.0
234.6
20.6
56.7
24.1
68.0
41.1
55.5
37.5
37.1
6.0
3.4
9.3
9.2
6.6
5.4
3.2
9.6
5.9
3.5
9.7
10.3
10.3
8.0
9.2
7.5
9.7
8.3
4.5
4.8
17.9
11.2
20.6
11.1
10.0
20.1
12.3
3.8
4.2
4.1
4.9
9.4
6.0
10.3
5.6
10.2
1,683.6
128.8
883.2
1,691.7
129.0
883.6
1,688.0
129.7
881.0
119.5
105.1
95.6
7.0
6.1
5.7
59.3
51.6
47.9
7.1
5.5
6.7
6.2
4.7
5.8
5.7
4.4
5.4
1,752.5
228.2
425.9
273.5
119.0
101.3
1,761.8
231.7
427.4
274.3
119.4
102.1
1,759.3
229.8
427.1
274.9
119.2
102.2
58.4
9.3
12.5
53.0
55.6
8.3
9.9
3.3
4.1
12.2
11.6
8.8
2.7
5.3
8.0
2.7
3.7
336.2
286.9
352.8
302.6
354.1
303.9
10.8
12.1
District of Columbia
Washington
350.7
2,156.9
344.4
2,241.1
358.2
2,261.9
Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
5,986.6
150.0
627.1
133.1
456.5
181.3
937.7
570.1
153.3
118.5
126.0
971.3
399.0
6,142.2
155.4
651.9
141.7
474.8
184.0
931.9
587.8
154.4
123.9
127.6
996.4
409.2
6,199.0
156.8
658.1
144.0
482.8
188.2
938.8
596.4
155.8
124.9
130.1
1,003.3
412.7
Alaska
1
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington
See footnotes at end of table.
112
2.1
5.2
19.0
2.7
5.8
17.5
3.3
5.1
5.6
10.9
13.2
12.3
5.4
6.0
5.4
4.9
5.1
6.1
5.4
5.2
6.6
7.0
5.6
4.9
4.1
4.4
4.5
5.0
5.5
4.9
4.1
4.6
4.5
6.2
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.6
2.9
4.3
2.7
8.6
2.4
4.5
3.2
2.3
5.2
2.9
2.2
3.6
3.1
2.0
4.4
10.6
10.6
11.0
12.0
3.2
4.2
3.0
3.5
3.1
3.9
20.8
69.6
18.0
66.2
18.4
65.8
5.9
3.2
5.2
3.0
5.1
2.9
355.8
295.2
313.2
4.8
4.2
3.9
3.1
5.0
4.4
5.2
4.6
5.7
4.5
5.1
3.9
3.9
3.7
5.3
4.5
5.2
4.7
5.6
3.3
3.8
4.5
5.0
5.8
6.8
6.6
6.1
28.8
25.6
25.4
5.7
4.4
5.3
26.7
10.4
59.2
28.9
9.5
4.5
5.7
49.0
28.5
23.8
8.0
48.2
27.3
25.4
8.8
4.0
4.5
8.8
4.1
5.0
44.5
20.5
45.2
23.8
8.6
49.0
27.9
5.9
4.5
4.6
4.3
5.9
5.7
6.3
5.1
6.2
3.8
4.5
5.0
7.1
3.2
3.5
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
3,074.9
71.7
1,454.4
178.8
100.0
128.5
111.0
3,150.1
73.1
1,495.8
182.2
100.8
129.9
113.3
3,179.3
73.5
1,506.5
183.5
101.9
130.7
113.7
175.3
3.1
72.0
10.4
5.9
6.7
6.7
201.6
3.2
84.6
12.5
7.1
7.9
8.5
Hawaii
Honolulu
522.5
389.3
523.3
390.7
518.9
387.0
20.7
14.0
Idaho
Boise City
485.7
105.9
484.2
104.9
486.0
105.3
Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
5,911.1
177.2
65.6
86.6
3,255.4
184.8
59.7
199.6
274.7
156.8
152.3
111.6
5,808.2
179.8
65.2
85.6
3,206.3
181.0
57.5
192.8
277.5
155.3
146.7
108.6
Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute
2,750.4
59.4
55.3
93.6
142.2
193.7
255.9
657.7
63.3
57.5
126.6
57.4
Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
206.7
3.9
81.8
11.7
7.1
7.2
7.9
5.7
4.3
5.0
5.8
5.9
5.2
6.0
6.4
4.4
5.7
6.9
7.0
6.1
7.5
6.5
5.3
5.4
6.4
7.0
5.5
6.9
16.2
10.6
16.0
10.3
4.0
3.6
3.1
2.7
3.1
2.1
37.2
5.7
26.1
3.9
25.6
3.7
7.7
5.4
5.4
3.7
5.3
3.6
5,868.6
178.3
65.8
85.7
3,230.0
183.2
58.3
193.3
279.6
157.3
147.6
110.2
421.9
10.3
3.0
3.7
211.7
13.7
5.8
17.0
11.8
12.0
15.2
5.4
403.6
9.3
3.0
3.7
209.8
13.0
4.8
14.6
12.4
10.8
10.8
5.4
361.6
8.6
2.9
3.3
180.7
13.9
5.0
13.4
10.9
10.2
13.1
4.9
7.1
5.8
4.5
4.2
6.5
7.4
9.6
8.5
4.3
7.6
10.0
4.8
6.9
5.2
4.6
4.3
6.5
7.2
8.3
7.6
4.5
6.9
7.4
5.0
6.2
4.8
4.4
3.9
5.6
7.6
8.5
6.9
3.9
6.5
8.9
4.5
2,828.1
58.5
59.3
98.9
144.0
202.6
256.0
679.9
65.2
59.3
129.6
58.7
2,839.1
59.0
59.8
98.4
144.5
203.5
257.6
682.0
65.5
59.0
129.5
58.6
172.1
4.4
2.2
4.9
10.1
10.4
22.1
34.2
2.7
3.7
8.6
3.6
129.0
3.1
1.8
3.3
7.8
7.9
14.4
28.1
1.9
2.9
6.0
3.0
144.6
4.8
1.9
4.0
7.8
9.1
14.7
29.4
1.9
3.2
7.3
3.2
6.3
7.4
3.9
5.3
7.1
5.4
8.6
5.2
4.2
6.5
6.8
6.3
4.6
5.3
3.0
3.3
5.4
3.9
5.6
4.1
3.0
4.9
4.6
5.0
5.1
8.1
3.2
4.1
5.4
4.5
5.7
4.3
2.9
5.5
5.6
5.5
1,452.5
92.8
222.4
43.5
61.2
67.1
1,501.1
97.2
232.6
45.0
62.3
68.6
1,497.7
96.3
231.6
44.5
62.4
68.3
72.2
4.5
9.3
2.3
4.8
4.7
61.0
3.4
7.8
2.1
3.0
3.6
61.2
3.3
7.7
2.1
2.9
3.7
5.0
4.8
4.2
5.4
7.8
7.1
4.1
3.5
3.4
4.7
4.8
5.2
4.1
3.4
3.3
4.7
4.7
5.5
Kansas
Topeka
Wichita
1,277.9
90.9
253.2
1,306.7
94.6
258.5
1,285.6
92.6
256.6
58.5
4.1
11.7
56.7
3.8
12.2
59.7
4.0
12.5
4.6
4.5
4.6
4.3
4.1
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.9
Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro
1,691.5
179.4
496.3
44.3
1,709.7
188.0
513.3
44.1
1,710.7
186.1
516.9
44.1
148.5
9.8
34.4
4.8
133.7
9.1
30.7
3.8
143.5
9.8
31.7
3.9
8.8
5.5
6.9
10.9
7.8
4.8
6.0
8.6
8.4
5.3
6.1
8.9
Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport
1,956.1
61.8
263.4
72.6
99.7
71.0
604.9
168.1
1,916.2
60.6
260.6
69.5
96.5
67.8
598.7
165.4
1,928.2
61.3
262.3
69.4
98.3
68.5
602.3
164.6
233.1
6.3
27.0
10.9
12.4
7.1
61.3
18.0
204.1
5.7
24.4
7.3
9.1
7.0
56.6
16.7
197.3
6.0
24.4
7.0
8.8
7.0
53.9
15.8
11.9
10.1
10.2
15.1
12.4
10.0
10.1
10.7
10.6
9.4
9.4
10.5
9.4
10.3
9.5
10.1
10.2
9.8
9.3
10.1
9.0
10.3
8.9
9.6
614.6
42.5
128.4
607.1
42.1
126.5
612.7
42.4
127.5
33.1
3.1
3.7
22.2
1.9
2.6
29.1
3.6
2.6
5.4
7.3
2.9
3.7
4.5
2.1
4.7
8.5
2.1
Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah
Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.
113
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
Maryland ....
Baltimore .
2,419.1
1,166.5
2,464.5
1,184.9
2,465.9
1,181.1
102.1
52.9
108.7
59.1
Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster .
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester
3,143.0
1,551.9
98.1
75.4
45.3
184.5
150.6
84.5
254.4
216.0
3,216.7
1,583.4
101.9
77.1
46.8
189.2
153.0
88.7
261.0
224.8
3,200.4
1,569.9
101.6
76.0
45.0
185.2
152.3
88.3
257.2
223.5
80.2
34.3
2.8
3.6
1.6
7.6
4.1
3.4
6.4
5.5
Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland ...
4,601.3
155.2
65.6
78.8
2,228.1
201.8
351.2
114.9
235.2
68.6
186.5
4,593.8
162.3
65.0
79.6
2,208.9
202.0
358.4
115.7
240.9
68.4
188.2
4,658.0
162.5
66.0
80.4
2,242.6
202.4
361.3
117.3
239.2
69.0
190.5
Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud
2,265.4
107.6
1,352.0
57.8
89.4
2,366.3
108.4
1,399.3
60.3
95.6
Mississippi.
Jackson ...
1,154.7
200.0
Missouri
Kansas City....
St. Louis
Springfield
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
104.4
53.4
4.2
4.5
4.4
5.0
4.2
4.5
110.2
47.6
4.3
4.0
2.1
7.7
5.9
4.2
8.7
7.2
115.6
48.9
4.4
4.6
2.5
8.2
5.9
4.8
9.3
7.7
2.6
2.2
2.9
4.8
3.5
4.1
2.7
4.0
2.5
2.5
3.4
3.0
4.3
5.2
4.5
4.1
3.8
4.7
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.1
4.3
6.1
5.5
4.4
3.8
5.4
3.6
3.4
407.1
7.0
5.0
5.5
214.9
25.6
23.4
7.3
19.8
5.8
15.0
326.4
6.0
4.2
5.0
161.8
29.7
18.6
5.1
13.2
5.9
12.6
362.1
6.4
4.5
5.3
190.2
30.1
19.9
6.1
14.3
5.8
13.6
8.8
4.5
7.6
7.0
9.6
12.7
6.7
6.4
8.4
8.5
8.1
7.1
3.7
6.5
6.3
7.3
14.7
5.2
4.4
5.5
8.7
6.7
7.8
3.9
6.8
6.6
8.5
14.9
5.5
5.2
6.0
8.4
7.1
2,347.9
107.4
1,400.1
60.3
95.5
108.6
9.1
55.3
2.0
4.6
81.0
5.8
41.8
1.5
3.7
81.5
5.6
43.1
1.5
3.6
4.8
8.4
4.1
3.5
5.2
3.4
5.4
3.0
2.4
3.9
3.5
5.2
3.1
2.5
3.7
1,143.9
202.3
1,145.6
200.8
122.0
15.8
89.6
11.2
90.5
11.1
10.6
7.9
7.8
5.5
7.9
5.5
2,602.8
843.5
1,293.0
119.7
2,610.1
840.8
1,278.7
121.4
2,614.8
844.9
1,283.1
123.6
170.4
50.7
92.6
5.7
134.3
39.9
80.0
4.5
153.1
48.9
81.5
4.9
6.5
6.0
7.2
4.7
5.1
4.7
6.3
3.7
5.9
5.8
6.4
3.9
Montana
408.8
412.2
398.2
27.1
26.6
24.7
6.6
6.5
6.2
Nebraska....
Lincoln
Omaha
810.6
121.1
322.4
821.9
120.6
327.7
817.5
120.9
326.3
37.8
4.4
16.5
27.3
3.1
12.8
27.4
3.2
12.6
4.7
3.6
5.1
3.3
2.6
3.9
3.4
2.7
3.9
Nevada
Las Vegas .
Reno
564.0
325.9
139.5
582.7
338.6
141.8
586.6
338.9
144.0
35.4
22.8
7.1
31.8
20.7
6.3
29.5
19.2
5.9
6.3
7.0
5.1
5.5
6.1
4.4
5.0
5.7
4.1
New Hampshire
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester.
604.0
97.3
135.6
609.2
100.3
137.1
609.5
98.1
136.2
16.8
2.7
3.6
12.1
2.6
2.0
15.2
2.6
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.0
2.6
1.4
2.5
2.7
2.1
4,037.0
190.8
724.5
268.0
561.5
495.6
977.8
171.6
4,024.4
181.6
727.4
269.5
565.7
496.1
966.2
174.6
4,052.8
189.8
728.0
271.2
569.6
503.2
971.1
172.8
182.0
9.1
29.7
19.6
19.1
17.3
47.0
6.6
146.8
8.2
22.6
17.0
14.7
15.5
37.0
4.7
168.4
8.4
27.5
19.5
17.7
17.6
42.1
5.4
4.5
4.8
4.1
7.3
3.4
3.5
4.8
3.9
3.6
4.5
3.1
6.3
2.6
3.1
3.8
2.7
4.2
4.4
3.8
7.2
3.1
3.5
4.3
3.1
685.4
259.4
54.4
67.9
692.3
266.2
56.3
69.2
692.2
265.8
55.3
69.3
59.2
16.5
4.4
3.7
59.9
17.6
5.1
3.7
57.7
17.6
4.4
3.6
8.6
6.4
8.1
5.4
8.7
6.6
9.0
5.4
8.3
6.6
7.9
5.2
New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.,
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
New Mexico ...
Albuquerque .
Las Cruces...
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.
114
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
8,659.4
429.8
127.3
452.8
42.3
1,467.5
3,948.5
3,238.0
134.4
128.9
504.7
325.9
138.9
8,555.6
421.8
127.7
447.8
42.7
1,454.4
3,900.2
3,214.4
135.1
130.1
496.4
319.6
138.2
8,714.1
428.8
128.2
454.3
43.4
1,468.7
3,992.1
3,289.6
136.4
132.5
503.8
321.3
140.1
392.9
14.2
4.3
21.9
1.4
43.8
215.6
194.0
4.2
2.8
19.6
17.2
5.5
289.3
11.9
3.7
17.6
1.4
38.8
140.8
125.0
3.9
2.6
15.0
13.4
4.7
North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
3,369.1
90.7
639.3
525.9
404.4
3,343.5
89.4
648.0
521.3
400.2
3,410.7
91.5
662.2
528.0
410.5
159.2
4.2
26.4
21.5
13.5
336.3
45.4
83.8
36.6
337.7
45.8
86.7
36.6
339.1
46.0
86.7
36.9
Ohio1
Akron
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
5,340.5
321.9
756.6
949.3
700.4
464.6
311.6
228.0
5,324.5
319.5
763.9
939.2
712.1
467.0
312.9
223.1
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
1,575.9
30.7
50.3
515.9
354.0
Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
July
1987
June
1988
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988P
364.5
14.5
4.2
22.0
1.7
49.2
182.2
161.6
4.8
2.9
19.4
13.6
6.1
4.5
3.3
3.4
4.8
3.4
3.0
5.5
6.0
3.1
2.2
3.9
5.3
4.0
3.4
2.8
2.9
3.9
3.2
2.7
3.6
3.9
2.9
2.0
3.0
4.2
3.4
4.2
3.4
3.3
4.8
4.0
3.3
4.6
4.9
3.5
2.2
3.9
4.2
4.3
116.4
2.6
20.5
15.8
10.6
108.7
2.2
18.9
13.7
9.2
4.7
4.6
4.1
4.1
3.3
3.5
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.6
3.2
2.4
2.9
2.6
2.2
14.9
1.9
2.7
1.3
13.3
1.9
2.2
1.3
13.9
1.9
2.3
1.4
4.4
4.1
3.3
3.5
3.9
4.2
2.5
3.5
4.1
4.2
2.7
3.7
5,336.0
320.8
765.4
949.0
712.6
465.7
314.5
221.6
359.0
21.6
44.6
56.7
36.0
24.8
22.0
29.6
322.9
19.0
42.7
53.5
34.9
24.2
17.6
15.5
271.9
15.4
37.0
44.5
30.5
20.7
15.8
14.2
6.7
6.7
5.9
6.0
5.1
5.3
7.1
13.0
6.1
6.0
5.6
5.7
4.9
5.2
5.6
6.9
5.1
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.3
4.5
5.0
6.4
1,529.6
29.9
50.2
502.7
343.1
1,512.2
29.4
49.9
499.4
344.0
114.8
1.9
2.4
30.8
28.4
94.8
1.5
2.6
25.5
24.1
92.7
1.4
2.6
25.1
22.7
7.3
6.1
4.7
6.0
8.0
6.2
4.9
5.2
5.1
7.0
6.1
4.8
5.3
5.0
6.6
1,399.7
135.1
631.2
134.8
1,454.4
144.0
659.8
136.2
1,431.0
138.1
650.3
135.8
76.3
6.7
31.2
6.9
84.6
8.3
32.2
8.2
79.2
7.3
31.3
7.2
5.5
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.8
5.7
4.9
6.0
5.5
5.3
4.8
5.3
5,793.5
325.8
60.8
63.6
129.7
322.3
96.2
218.7
2,434.9
972.5
171.2
354.9
59.8
211.7
5,786.1
325.9
61.0
64.1
128.5
320.1
96.3
219.8
2,427.8
966.9
176.5
355.5
61.1
216.1
5,882.1
328.9
62.0
64.8
131.1
328.4
96.9
224.6
2,465.1
977.1
178.0
364.3
62.6
219.5
335.1
18.2
4.0
6.6
9.3
13.8
7.7
8.4
117.2
67.3
8.6
24.2
3.1
9.3
325.3
17.1
4.7
6.1
8.8
13.1
7.7
9.1
113.9
59.5
8.6
23.5
3.2
9.6
314.6
16.1
4.4
5.8
8.3
13.7
7.2
8.8
109.7
57.4
7.9
25.4
3.1
9.6
5.8
5.6
6.6
10.4
7.2
4.3
8.0
3.9
4.8
6.9
5.0
6.8
52
4.4
5.6
5.2
7.7
9.5
6.8
4.1
8.0
4.1
4.7
6.2
4.9
6.6
5.2
4.5
5.3
4.9
7.1
9.0
6.3
4.2
7.5
3.9
4.4
5.9
4.4
7.0
5.0
4.4
521.7
168.6
336.7
527.4
168.1
344.0
519.3
167.7
336.4
22.5
7.8
14.3
16.3
6.3
10.6
17.1
7.2
10.7
4.3
4.6
4.3
3.1
3.7
3.1
3.3
4.3
3.2
1,634.1
222.4
228.3
320.5
1,675.6
232.1
237.4
330.5
1,665.0
231.6
238.1
326.5
94.6
11.0
9.2
14.8
78.5
9.7
7.9
11.7
78.7
9.6
8.0
12.3
5.8
5.0
4.0
4.6
4.7
4.2
3.3
3.5
4.7
4.1
3.4
3.8
366.2
41.1
74.4
379.2
42.7
75.1
369.8
42.5
73.9
13.7
1.4
2.7
13.3
1.5
2.4
13.6
1.5
2.3
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.7
3.6
3.1
July
1988P
See footnotes at end of table.
115
STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988?
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville
2,351.9
204.6
215.3
285.6
446.3
522.3
2,364.2
213.8
221.4
281.0
452.2
514.0
2,343.2
210.8
221.3
278.7
446.5
507.8
154.0
11.8
15.2
17.1
24.5
23.0
128.0
11.8
11.9
13.9
22.1
22.6
Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
8,492.9
54.7
103.1
432.2
166.8
83.1
99.2
57.6
165.3
1,497.1
237.8
702.8
113.8
1,659.4
96.1
46.3
81.8
114.6
142.7
51.2
54.7
46.1
626.8
50.4
59.0
79.8
38.1
94.1
59.3
8,596.7
55.6
104.7
435.7
166.1
85.3
101.9
57.0
167.3
1,513.7
248.7
706.4
113.5
1,666.7
98.8
47.6
82.0
117.4
152.8
51.2
56.2
46.8
648.9
51.5
60.4
79.2
37.7
95.7
60.4
8,492.0
54.7
103.8
741.3
4.8
685.8
59.8
51.7
4.0
4.9
7.1
3.4
7.7
4.6
Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen
751.5
96.8
496.4
750.8
96.3
497.1
740.5
96.4
46.1
6.2
489.6
28.0
Vermont
Burlington
300.9
74.9
299.8
77.8
300.0
77.8
Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
3,019.1
64.9
50.4
70.5
605.1
432.6
121.3
3,170.4
68.2
53.7
74.4
635.5
453.5
122.7
Washington
Seattle
2,270.3
998.5
Waco
Wichita Falls
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
1
429.6
163.2
83.9
99.5
57.2
July
1987
6.9
30.3
21.6
8.7
14.3
3.6
20.2
99.6
26.0
52.9
12.4
154.5
7.7
6.9
9.1
7.6
25.9
June
1988
July
1988P
July
1987
June
1988
July
1988p
143.0
11.7
13.5
14.3
22.2
24.3
6.5
5.8
7.0
6.0
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.0
4.9
4.4
6.1
5.5
6.1
5.1
5.0
4.8
29.8
18.7
7.7
14.8
3.1
562.2
3.1
5.5
24.4
15.4
6.2
12.0
2.5
8.7
8.8
6.7
7.0
6.6
5.6
5.3
5.7
9.5
7.4
17.8
98.0
29.7
49.6
14.3
79.7
23.4
40.0
11.2
128.2
8.3
6.6
7.6
9.1
104.1
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.8
11.2
9.0
14.5
5.4
10.6
6.5
11.9
7.0
9.8
7.7
8.4
3.9
6.3
13.0
10.4
14.5
6.3
12.2
6.7
10.9
7.5
10.9
9.3
8.1
11.1
6.7
13.9
9.3
6.0
6.1
3.1
18.2
9.4
11.1
6.3
8.2
8.0
8.3
8.9
8.9
8.2
7.7
15.7
6.1
8.1
6.5
8.7
6.7
8.6
8.1
7.9
8.1
6.2
12.1
4.3
8.8
5.3
9.7
5.8
8.0
6.3
7.0
11.3
7.9
5.0
14.8
5.3
6.8
5.6
7.3
5.7
7.7
6.7
6.2
6.5
5.3
35.6
3.9
22.3
34.1
3.8
21.3
6.1
6.4
5.6
4.7
4.1
4.5
4.6
4.0
4.4
9.6
1.8
7.6
1.5
6.9
1.4
3.2
2.4
2.5
2.0
2.3
1.8
3,166.5
69.0
52.8
72.1
635.9
457.4
120.7
124.8
1.9
3.1
3.4
28.4
15.3
4.6
120.6
1.8
3.7
3.8
28.0
14.9
4.7
116.1
2.0
3.2
3.3
26.5
14.7
4.5
4.1
2.9
6.2
4.8
4.7
3.5
3.8
3.8
2.7
6.8
5.2
4.4
3.3
3.9
3.7
2.9
6.1
4.5
4.2
3.2
3.7
2,363.9
1,047.8
2,318.0
1,038.6
161.6
58.5
144.2
52.3
141.9
51.3
7.1
5.9
6.1
5.0
6.1
4.9
757.1
118.3
127.5
72.8
73.0
736.0
115.2
125.1
71.5
70.6
740.6
115.5
125.4
71.5
70.6
79.3
10.6
12.6
5.8
5.9
65.0
8.8
9.9
4.8
5.4
66.8
8.5
9.8
4.3
4.5
10.5
8.9
9.9
8.0
8.1
8.8
7.6
7.9
6.7
7.6
9.0
7.3
7.8
6.0
6.3
2,510.0
165.4
69.9
105.5
71.2
55.2
52.2
213.5
736.4
86.8
59.3
2,581.8
172.0
74.4
109.5
73.6
55.3
56.5
221.4
766.7
88.8
61.9
2,586.6
172.8
90.2
61.2
135.0
8.1
3.7
5.3
4.8
3.8
2.3
7.9
36.8
6.1
3.1
103.3
6.0
2.9
4.1
3.3
2.7
2.0
5.7
29.2
4.0
2.7
107.5
6.0
2.7
4.0
3.1
4.5
2.5
5.4
30.8
4.8
2.4
5.4
4.9
5.2
5.0
6.8
6.8
4.4
3.7
5.0
7.0
5.3
4.0
3.5
3.9
3.8
4.4
4.9
3.6
2.6
3.8
4.5
4.3
4.2
3.5
3.6
3.6
4.2
7.8
4.3
2.4
4.0
5.3
4.0
243.9
239.4
236.4
17.9
11.5
11.2
7.3
4.8
4.7
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1987 have been
116
Percent of
labor force
Number
State and area
163.5
1,506.6
240.0
693.4
112.7
1,652.1
98.3
46.9
81.4
117.6
145.9
50.7
55.2
46.3
640.6
51.1
59.4
78.0
37.5
94.6
73.9
109.9
72.8
57.7
57.3
221.5
767.8
4.8
6.1
2.9
7.1
23.9
3.1
4.5
3.0
56.4
3.4
5.2
6.4
3.0
7.7
3.7
6.9
5.3
6.4
5.9
21.6
2.7
3.8
2.6
46.8
2.9
4.6
5.3
2.3
14.9
benchmarked to 1987 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1988 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.
Explanatory Notes
Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by
117
employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.
COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
118
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.
Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the emvacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
ployed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
States are also included in the employed total.
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Cur- worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
rent Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are inrepairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
terviewed to obtain information about the employment stareligious, charitable, and similar organizations.
tus of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calenUnemployed persons are all civilians who had no employdar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
ment during the survey week, were available for work, exof the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
cept for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be clasare excluded from the population and labor force statistics
sified as unemployed.
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
(through the current survey week) during which persons clasforce," and "total employment." are obtained from the
sified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
Department of Defense.
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
more during which a person was employed or ceased lookinterviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
ing for work is considered to break the continuity of the
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reapresent period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
sons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
weeks of unemployment.
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be comgroups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment endmon with the same month a year earlier.
ed involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are perThe concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
sons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
as follows:
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the suras an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
vey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemown business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
ployment rate for all civilian workers.
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
119
specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the "other" category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The "other" group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the
120
time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours-
worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, fall-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the fall- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-
gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The
121
count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA's) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MS A definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in 'The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-S1-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA'S.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly
122
Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor
force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite
estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational clas-'
sification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved
123
from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo124
bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within
Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period
Number of sample
areas
Households eligible
Interviewed
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 . .
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 .
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.
68
230
1330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
Households visited but
not eligible
Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
3.000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.
each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.
further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to
125
and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.
126
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,
January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard
127
Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—
Employment status, sex,
age, and race
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .
Monthly
level
Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)
275
293
136
212
224
140
173
186
93
151
163
95
211
212
83
155
160
87
88
92
59
94
102
66
94
104
68
73
79
71
59
64
44
51
57
47
76
76
45
50
54
48
36
33
30
40
38
33
errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more
Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic
Characteristic
Monthly level
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present . . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .
0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06
Consecutivemonth change
0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07
Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.
128
Standard error of—
.22
.19
.47
.29
.23
1.18
.76
.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85
.39
.43
Monthly level
Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .
Consecutivemonth change
0.32
0.36
.49
.59
.55
.66
.72
.68
.82
.76
.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42
.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47
.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16
.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.
reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that
Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic
Unemployment
Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment
50 ..
100 .
500 . .
1,000.
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.
15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
_
Total or
white
Black
Total or
white
Black
11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-
12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
12
17
37
51
70
92
104
109
108
74
1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195
Total or
Total or
white men Black men
only, or
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
only, or
19 years
19 years
women only women only
12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
_
12
16
32
35
_
11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47
215
225
222
206
172
107
of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.
129
Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment
Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Total or white
1
2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150
_
13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184
-
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1.000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 ,
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
or part-time
labor force2
Black
13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
-
See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering
a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =
/ /
\
//Stand-\
"
•
•
2
'
/
\
/ Stand-\
•
»
2
/
\
/Stand-X
' ard j
error J
x
/
/
/StandI ard
I error
\
y>
Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years
14
20
38
41
130
Total or white, Black, 16 to
16 to 19 years
19 years
9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
-
14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
_
14
19
37
39
_
the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.
lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:
(216,000)2
X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-
9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160
Black
+
or about 259,000.
(221,000)
-2(.30)
(216,000)
(221,000),
Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 ..
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000
1
2
2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04
3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06
5 '
4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09
10
15
20
25
30
35
50
6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13
8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15
9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17
9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19
10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20
10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21
11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21
Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 ,
140,000
1
2
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
50
2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05
3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07
5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10
7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14
9.47
6.69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15
10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28
12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60
13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62
15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50. .
100.
500 . . .
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .
160,000
1 or 99
2 or 98
5 or 95
2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04
3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06
5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09
10 or 90
7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12
15 or 85
20 or 80
8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15
9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17
25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18
30 or 70
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19
35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20
50
11.75
8.31
3.72 '
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21
NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic.
131
Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor
Factor
Characteristic
Characteristic
Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force.
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total
Men only...
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.
Monthly level
Month-tomonth change
1.26
1.26
1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18
1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00
Monthly level
Month-tomonth change
1.01
1.21
.97
.97
1.08
1.21
1.04
1.04
1.13
1.24
Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic
Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate
Quarterly
averages
Change in
quarterly
averages
Yearly
averages
Change in
yearly
averages
1.30
1.30
1.40
0.89
.83
.74
0.80
.80
.80
0.72
.58
.46
0.70
.70
.70
1.30
1.30
1.40
.88
.82
.74
.88
.88
.88
.67
.57
.46
.70
.70
.60
1.40
1.40
.76
.69
.88
.88
.50
.39
.65
.54
Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time.
Unemployment:
Total . . . .
Part time.
132
Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women
Men
Total
Estimated quarterly level
Total or full-time workers
Total or full-t me workers
Part-time
workers
10 .
50 .
75 ..
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 ..
1,000.
1,500.
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000
100,000
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343
Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255
Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
-
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
_
Total
White
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64
Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total Of
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249
_
Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
_
133
Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.
industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.
Federal-State cooperation
Industry employment
Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over
the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 185
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in
the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the
December 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
COLLECTION
Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the
134
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
ent from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is differ-
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
135
(sic 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (sic 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and sic 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC
group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
136
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings
Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)
Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)
Monthly data
All employees.
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1
Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.
All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2
Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.
Average weekly hours .
Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2
Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.
Average weekly overtime hours .
Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2
Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.
Average hourly earnings .
Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2
Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.
Average weekly earnings
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.
Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.
Average weekly hours .
Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment
Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.
Average weekly overtime hours .
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.
Average hourly earnings .
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annua
aggregate hours.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
Average weekly earnings.
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by
a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.
137
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the
Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data
are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate proportion of
total employment in each industry division covered by the
group of establishments furnishing monthly employment
data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Approximate size ancI coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19871
Industry
Total .
Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1987
Industry
Total.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government .
1
Less than 0.05 percent.
138
Benchmark
Estimate
Percent
difference
100,427
100,462
(1)
696
4,531
18,810
718
4,599
18,897
-3.2
-1.5
-.5
5,274
5,763
17,902
5,275
5,725
17,737
(1)
.7
.9
6,443
23,754
17,254
6,478
23,723
17,310
-.5
.1
-.3
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services....
Government:
Federal
State .
Local.
Number
of establishments
in sample
Employees
Number
reported
246,256 37,530,000
Percent of
total
37
3,434
22,567
49,214
11,820
21,802
44,982
265,000
808,000
9,522,000
2,377,000
956,000
3,509,000
38
18
51
45
17
20
17,699
54,782
2,140,000
5,495,000
33
23
(2)
4,795
15,161
2,916,000
3,298,000
6,244,000
100
81
61
1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a sample of 4,600 reports covering about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.
Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates de-'
rived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry
Relative
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
ment1
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
0.2
Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3
error2
. .
.2
2.9
1.4
.8
.9
.8
.3
.8
.9
.3
.2
.5
0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-
0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-
• The average percent revision in employment for the 1983-87 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2
relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =
v
(standard deviation)2
(bias)2
If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings
Size of employment estimate
50,000
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000 . .
1,000,000 .
2,000,000
Relative error2
(in percent)
Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1
Average
weekly
hours
Average
hourly
earnings
2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000
2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5
4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9
3
1
2
Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
139
Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.
Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—
Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry
Monthly
level
Total .
89,600
89,100
Total private .
62,700
60,000
Goods-producing industries.
22,400
20,800
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
4,700
4,000
4,400
3,400
Construction
General building contractors.
14,800
5,000
15,700
5,200
Manufacturing .
19,200
19,300
14,400
2,300
1,700
1,600
4,700
12,700
2,100
1,700
1,600
4,700
3,600
2,500
6,000
5,100
8,100
7,000
2,000
1,900
3,400
2,300
7,300
5,100
7,400
7,000
2,200
1,800
8,900
5,600
1,600
1,800
8,500
5,700
1,500
1,700
4,700
1,600
2,200
4,100
1,400
2,100
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing . . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures .
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .
Industry
Month-to-month
change
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .
Month-to-month
change
2,700
1,200
2,900
1,100
1,600
1,800
1,700
1,700
86,300
85,700
15,500
17,800
13,900
17,300
6,800
6,400
9,400
6,100
5,400
8,200
5,500
4,600
40,700
23,900
6,900
36,100
21,400
6,200
3,300
10,900
3,200
10,300
8,400
4,000
3,800
4,800
7,500
3,900
3,100
3,800
Services
Business services.
Health services.
34,700
11,000
10,300
31,700
10,500
10,100
Government.
Federal.
State.
Local .
62,800
16,900
22,600
34,900
54,500
11,700
20,600
32,400
Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities.
Wholesale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.
Retail trade
General merchandise stores .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service
stations
Eating and drinking places .
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance . .
Real estate .
NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1982 through December 1987.
140
Monthly
level
Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-
puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).
State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and
may be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The
report "Employment and Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates in
11 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts,
141
North Carolina, and Florida are sufficiently reliable to be
used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see "Household Data," above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in the
remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and over 2,600
labor market areas are prepared in several stages. The civilian
labor force is the sum of the employment and unemployment
levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS
Manual for Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total civilian employment estimate is based on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll
employment. This place-of-work estimate must be adjusted
to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for
adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been
developed for the several categories of employment on the
basis of employment relationships which existed at the time
of the 1980 decennial census. These factors are applied to
the payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtain adjusted employment estimates to which are added
estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (ui).
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the
estimates for each of three categories: (1) Persons who were
previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
(2) those previously employed in industries not covered by
these laws; and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor
force for the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below as the ui-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits
have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were
discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been
eligible), and persons who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries
not covered by ui is derived by applying to the employment
estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment weighted by factors reflecting national
historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into
the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the
experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force.
For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force
142
is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of
the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced
labor force; and (d) the proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth."
3. Monthly reconciliation with the CPS. Each month correction factors for employment and unemployment are applied
at the State level to the ui-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 39 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the
ui-based estimates for the 6-month period ending in the current month (e.g., a 6-month moving average). The adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS data due to differences in the State
UI laws, the structural limitations of the Ui-based estimating method, and errors in the UI data.
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates
of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 11 large States or by
the ui-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total of the geographic areas in the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of
the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-State estimates of
employment and unemployment add to the independent State
totals.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment security agencies using ui-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS
estimates for the 39 States and the District of Columbia for
which monthly CPS estimates are not used directly. This adjustment is made because the State-prepared monthly estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to
the limitations of the 6-month moving averge adjustment
procedure. Revisions to the inputs used in the Ui-based estimates are also made at the time of the annual benchmark.
The State wide benchmarked estimates are produced in
three stages. First the monthly ui-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the ui-based annual averages.
Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages
for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original
series. Finally, the third-stage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 11 States for which
CPS estimates are used monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will equal CPS annual averages.
Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these
seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated
by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes
in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that
seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data are
published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment program used for these series is
an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving-average
method. It provides for "moving" adjustment factors to take
account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical
Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two major
modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology for
data from the household survey. First, the data are being
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA,
which was developed at Statistics Canada as an extension
of the existing standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal
Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E, January 1983. The X-ll procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census
and had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor force
series since 1973. Tests have shown that use of the X-ll
ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on recent
data, provides better seasonal adjustments than does the X-l 1
method alone.
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather
than for the entire year. In July of each year, BLS calculates
and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts,
revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force
components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are
separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components;
the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment
by the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new
seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following
year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment
methodology are published in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision period for a broader range of labor force
series are published in the February issue of this publication.
Beginning in July 1980, the BLS also uses the X-l 1 ARIMA
methodology in seasonally adjusting the establishment data,
which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal
Factor Method. All series are seasonally adjusted using the
multiplicative models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used in calculating the current year's estimates
are based on actual data through March 1988 and projected
data through March 1989. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been used
in seasonally adjusting the establishment series since June
1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these
series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the
seasonally adjusted data for the component series. Seasonally
adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted
average weekly hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings,
seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
(CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production
143
or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private service-producing, wholesale trade,
retail trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate
weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series are used
in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series, however.
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors for
Federal Government employment are derived from unadjust-
144
ed data which include Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years the number
of these workers was substantial, and at times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of
the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the unadjusted data upon which the
seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several
years, the number of these workers has decreased to the point
where their presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment.
Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through March 1988. Seasonal
adjustment factors to be used for current adjustment appear
in the June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings.
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, MA 02203
REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Stree'
Chicago, IL 60604
REGION II - NEW YORK
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES
Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIII
1
III
III
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.
IV FLORIDA
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII
VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII
V
VI
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
III
II
X
III
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING
-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 25501, Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, 733-A, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, State Capitol Mall, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Data and Research Div., Employment Development Depart., P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808.
-Division of Employment and Training, 1330 Fox Street, Denver 80204
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, P.O. Box 9029, Newark 19711
-Division of Labor Market Information, Research and Analysis, Department of Employment Services,
500 C Street N.W., Room 411, Washington 20001
-Bureau of Research and Information, Depart, of Labor and Employment Security, 2574 Seagate Drive,
Tallahassee 32301
-Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
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-Department of Employment, P.O. Box 35, Boise 83735
-Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Avenue, 12th Floor, Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 46204
-Department of Job Service, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
-Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603
-Department for Employment Services, Cabinet for Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, Frankfort 40621
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 44094, Capitol Station, Baton Rouge 70804
-Division of Research and Analysis, Department of L abor, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Research and Analysis Division, Department of Human Resources, 1100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 02114
-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699
-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104
-Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, 500 East Third Street, Carson City 89713
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
-Employment Services Division, Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, State Campus, Building 12, Albany 12240
-Labor Market Information Division, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 27611
-Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
-Labor Market Information Division, Bureau of Employment Services, P.O. Box 1618, Columbus 43216
-Research and Planning Division, Employment Security Commission, 310 Will Rogers Memorial Offige Building,
Oklahoma City 73105
-Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street N.E., Salem 97311
-Research and Statistics Division, Department of Labor and Industry, 7th and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 17121
-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th FL,
Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th FL, Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903
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-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Cordell Hull Office Building, Room 519, Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
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-Division of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801
-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504
-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,
Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602
@FedFRASER