Full text of Employment and Earnings : September 1986

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS

September 1986

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics

^
j

I




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
William E. Brock, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared by the Division of Data Development and Users' Services and
the Division of Monthly Industry Employment
Statistics in collaboration with the Division of
Special Publications. The data are collected by the
Bureau of the Census (Department of Commerce)
and State employment security agencies, in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of
the BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed on the
inside back cover.
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing
regularly in Employment and Earnings,
special features appear in most of the
issues as shown below:

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series
Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted
data, persons not in labor force, persons
of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-era veterans
and nonveterans, family relationship data,
weekly earnings data, and metropolitannonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty area data

Jan., Apr.,
July, Oct.

National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and
new seasonal adjustment factors
Revised historical national data

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June
Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

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Establishment data

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Jan.
Jan.

1

The latest supplement was published in June 1986.

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 33 No. 9 September 1986
Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, August 1986

2
4

Statistical tables:

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
State and area labor force data
Seasonally adjustedHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data
Explanatory notes




9
44
79
Ill
36
56
100
108
116

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Employment Status

AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1951 to date
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1973 to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1951, to date
Employment status of the civilian noninstitional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 21 years of age by major
activity, sex, and race
...
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Full-and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in familes by family relationship.

6
7
8
9
12
13
14
16
17
18

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-l 1.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-l5.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex .
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex .
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by sex, age, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used

19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
26

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.

Employed
Employed
Employed
Employed
Employed

A-26.
A-27.
A-28.

Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time
status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status

A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
civilians by occupation, sex, and age . .
.
civilians by occupation, race, and s e x . . .
.
civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
civilians by industry and occupation.

27
28
29
30
31

31
32
32
33
34
35

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data

A-32.

37

A-35.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed
in the United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age,
and Hispanic origin, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted

A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted....
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . ..
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted

40
40
41
41
42
42

A-33.
A-34.




36

38
39

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment—National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1933 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased, seasonally adjusted

43
44
55
56
57
58
59

Employment—States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

60

Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1.
C- 2.

C- 2a.
C- 3.
C- 4.
C- 5.
C- 6.
C- 7.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1963 to date .
Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry .
...
..
.
Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted ..
The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .
.
....

79
82

..

98
99
99

.

100
101
102

Hours and Earnings—States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas .
. . . .

103

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates .
...
.

108
109
110

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
D- 1.




Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

....

.

Ill

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, August 1986

Employment rose and unemployment was little
changed in August. The overall unemployment rate was
6.7 percent and the civilian worker rate was 6.8 percent;
each has declined half a percentage point since May.
Civilian employment—as measured by the monthly
survey of households—rose by about 275,000 in
August, while nonagricultural payroll employment—as
measured by the monthly survey of establishments—increased by 200,000. Over the past year, employment
growth in both surveys has totaled roughly 2 Vi million.

Industry payroll employment

The number of unemployed persons was little changed
in August at 8.0 million, after seasonal adjustment. The
civilian worker jobless rate was 6.8 percent, not materially different from the 6.9 percent of the previous month.
Unemployment rates this summer have been lower than
they were earlier in the year.
Unemployment rates declined among adult men (to
5.9 percent) and white workers (to 5.8 percent) in
August. Jobless rates among adult women (6.1 percent),
teenagers (17.7 percent), blacks (14.6 percent), and
Hispanics (11.0 percent) were all about the same as in
July. (See tables A-33 and A-34.)
The median duration of unemployment was little
changed in August, whereas the mean duration increased
from 15.0 to 15.8 weeks. The very long-term unemployed
(27 weeks and over) was about unchanged over the
month but has risen slightly as a percentage of the total
unemployed in recent months. (See table A-40.)

The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls
rose by 200,000 to 100.3 million in August, seasonally
adjusted. The over-the-month gain would have been
even larger except for a net increase of some 40,000
workers who were off payrolls because of labormanagement disputes. (See table B-4.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment increased by 55,000, after seasonal adjustment.
Total employment in this industry stood at 5.0 million
and has increased by a third since early 1983. Mining
employment fell by about 10,000, continuing a pattern of
decline extending back to mid-1984, all of which has been
in the oil and gas extraction component. Manufacturing
employment, which had been on a downtrend over the
prior 6 months, held about steady in August. The factory
job total was lower by some 20,000 workers who were off
payrolls in the steel industry due to labor-management
disputes. More than half of the manufacturing industries
showed small over-the-month increases.
Employment in the service-producing sector continued to expand in August. Services rose by 65,000 over
the month, most of it in the health services component.
Finance, insurance, and real estate increased by 40,000;
job gains in the industry were a vibrant 6.5 percent over
the past year. Employment also rose in wholesale trade
over the month. After accounting for the effects of a
communication workers strike in the Northeast,
employment in transportation and public utilities was
unchanged.

Civilian employment and the labor force

Weekly hours

Civilian employment increased by 275,000 to 110.2
million. Employment growth was concentrated among
white workers, while black workers posted small job
losses. The proportion of the civilian population with
jobs was 60.9 percent in August, another record high;
that figure has increased 0.8 percentage point over the
past year, as civilian employment grew by 2.6 million.
(See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force was about unchanged at 118.2
million in August, after seasonal adjustment. Over the
past year, the labor force grew by 2.4 million. (Both the
over-the-year employment and labor force changes have
been adjusted to account for revisions in the population
estimating procedures introduced in January.)

Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls were
34.8 in August, up 0.1 hour after seasonal adjustment.
In manufacturing, weekly hours rose 0.2 hour, while
overtime hours were unchanged. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls increased by 0.5 percent to 118.6 (1977= 100),
after seasonal adjustment. The factory index was up by
0.8 percent to 93.0. (See table C-6.)

Unemployment




Hourly and weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings rose by 0.5 percent in
August, and weekly earnings were up 0.8 percent, after

seasonal adjustment. Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average hourly earnings were unchanged at $8.69, and
weekly earnings increased by 87 cents to $305.02. Over
the past year, average hourly earnings have risen 17
cents, while average weekly earnings were up $5.12. (See
tables C-l and C-7.)
The Hourly Earnings Index

The Hourly Earnings Index (HEi) was 169.2




(1977 = 100) in August, seasonally adjusted, an increase
of 0.2 percent from July. For the 12 months ended in
August, the increase was 2.2 percent. The HEI excludes
the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. In
dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEi increased
1.1 percent during the 12-month period ended in July.
(See table C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on
the following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

September

October 3

December

January 9

October

November 7

January

February 6

November

December 5

February

March 6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the nonlnstitutional population 16 years and over, 1952 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Civilian

Resident
Armed
Forces

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1952 ,
19531
1954 ,
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

107,617
109,287
110,463
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

64,524
65,246
65,785
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.0
59.7
59.6
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

62,636
63,410
62,251
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,386
2,231
2,142
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

2.9
2.8
5.4
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
t

1985:
August
September
October....
November
December

180,131
180,304
180,470
180,642
180,810

117,069
117,522
117,814
117,832
117,927

65.0
65.2
65.3
65.2
65.2

108,936
109,251
109,513
109,671
109,904

1,726
1,732
1,700
1,702
1,698

107,210
107,519
107,813
107,969
108,206

3,095
3,017
3,058
3,070
3,151

104,115
104,502
104,755
104,899
105,055

8,133
8,271
8,301
8,161
8,023

6.9
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.8

63,062
62,782
62,656
62,810
62,883

1986:
January1 ...
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August

181,361
181,512
181,678
181,843
181,998
182,183
182,354
182,525

118,477
118,779
118,900
118,929
119,351
119,796
119,744
119,879

65.3
65.4
65.4
65.4
65.6
65.8
65.7
65.7

110,646
110,252
110,481
110,587
110,797
111,353
111,554
111,852

1,691
1,691
1,693
1,695
1,687
1,680
1,672
1,697

108,955
108,561
108,788
108,892
109,110
109,673
109,882
110,155

3,299
3,096
3,285
3,222
3,160
3,165
3,112
3,048

105,655
105,465
105,503
105,670
105,950
106,508
106,769
107,107

7,831
8,527
8,419
8,342
8,554
8,443
8,190
8,027

6.6
7.2
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.7

62,885
62,733
62,778
62,914
62,647
62,387
62,610
62,646

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation.




NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53 of this
publication) for the most recent 5-year period are made at the end of
each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1975 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

73,891
75,341
76,756
78,107
79,509

57,899
58,756
59,959
61,151
62,215

78.4
78.0
78.1
78.3
78.2

53,457
54,720
56,291
58,010
59,096

1,600
1,582
1,563
1,531
1,489

51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607

2,824
2,744
2,671
2,718
2,686

49,032
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921

4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120

7.7
6.9
6.1
5.1
5.0

15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1985:
August
September
October....
November
December

86,132
86,217
86,293
86,374
86,459

65,945
66,074
66,227
66,176
66,139

76.6
76.6
76.7
76.6
76.5

61,510
61,629
61,656
61,731
61,793

1,574
1,580
1,551
1,552
1,549

59,936
60,049
60,105
60,179
60,244

2,475
2,413
2,402
2,435
2,506

57,461
57,636
57,703
57,744
57,738

4,435
4,445
4,571
4,445
4,346

6.7
6.7
6.7
6.6

20,187
20,143
20,066
20,198
20,320

1986:
January1 ...
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August

86,882
86,954
87,035
87,120
87,195
87,288
87,373
87,460

66,679
66,838
66,864
66,757
66,943
66,964
66,936
66,944

76.7
76.9
76.8
76.6
76.8
76.7
76.6
76.5

62,458
62,243
62,268
62,254
62,190
62,322
62,365
62,515

1,539
1,539
1,540
1,541
1,533
1,525
1,518
1,541

60,919
60,704
60,748
60,713
60,657
60,797
60,847
60,974

2,546
2,451
2,643
2,606
2,515
2,559
2,476
2,382

58,373
58,253
58,104
58,107
58,142
58,238
58,371
58,592

4,221
4,595
4,577
4,503
4,754
4,642
4,571
4,429

6.3
6.9
6.8
6.7
7.1
6.9
6.8
6.6

20,203
20,116
20,171
20,363
20,252
20,324
20,437
20,516

Annual averages
WOMEN
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

80,938
82,476
83,932
85,434
86,951

37,553
39,069
40,705
42,731
44,343

46.4
47.4
48.5
50.0
51.0

34,067
35,701
37,381
39,669
41,325

78
86
92
100
108

33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217

584
588
612
669
661

33,404
35,027
36,677
38,900
40.556

3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018

9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409

124
133
139
143
146
150

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259

656
667
665
680
653
644

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1985:
August
September
October
November
December
1986:
January1 ...
February....
March
April
May
June
July
August
1

93,999
94,087
94,177
94,266
94,351

51,124
51,448
51,587
51,655
51,788

54.4
54.7
54.8
54.8
54.9

47,426
47,622
47,857
47,939
48,111

152
152
149
149
149

47,274
47,470
47,708
47,790
47,962

620
604
656
635
645

46,654
46,866
47,052
47,155
47,317

3,698
3,826
3,730
3,716
3,677

7.2
7.4
7.2
7.2
7.1

42,875
42,639
42,590
42,611
42,563

94,479
94,558
94,643
94,723
94,803
94,895

51.797
51.941
52,036
52,172
52,408
52,832
52,808
52,935

54.8
54.9
55.0
55.1
55.3
55.7
55.6
55.7

48,187
48,009
48,194
48,333
48,608
49,031
49,189
49,337

152
152
153
154
154
155
154
156

48,035
47,857
48,041
48,179
48,454
48,876
49,035
49,181

753
645
642
616
646
606
637
666

47,282
47,212
47,399
47,563
47,808
48,270
48,398
48,515

3,610
3,932
3,842
3,839
3,800
3,801
3,619
3,598

7.0
7.6
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.2
6.9
6.8

42,682
42,617
42,607
42,551
42,395
42,063
42,173
42,130

95,065

Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1952 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1952.
19531
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959.

105,231
107,056
108,321
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.0
58.9
58.8
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

2.8
2.8
5.3
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

3.6
3.3
6.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601
1961 .
19621
1963.
1964.
1965.
1966.
1967
1968
1969

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970
1971

1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4

1

1972

19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1985:
August
September.
October
November..
December..

178,405
178,572
178,770
178,940
179,112

115,343
115,790
116,114
116,130
116,229

64.7
64.8
65.0
64.9
64.9

107,210
107,519
107,813
107,969
108,206

8,133
8,271
8,301
8,161
8,023

7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
6.9

6.9
6.9
7.1
6.9
6.7

7.3
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.1

179,670
179,821
179,985
180,148
180,311
180,503
180,682
180,828

116,786
117,088
117,207
117,234
117,664
118,116
118,072
118,182

65.0
65.1
65.1
65.1
65.3
65.4
65.3
65.4

108,955
108,561
108,788
108,892
109,110
109,673
109,882
110,155

7,831
8,527
8,419
8,342
8,554
8,443
8,190
8,027

6.7
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.3
7.1
6.9
6.8

6.5
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.3
7.1
7.0
6.8

7.0
7.6
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.2
6.9
6.8

1986:

January1 .
February
March
April
May
June
July
August

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race

(Numbers in thousands)

August 1986
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
nnnincti
noninsiitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

180,828
14,505
7,391
7,114
19,474
97,297
41,876
21,421
20,455
32,664
18,414
14,251
22,757
11,914
10,842
21,990
11,149
10,841
27,562
9,554
18,008

119,471
9,129
3,911
5,218
15,884
79,544
34,692
17,811
16,882
27,226
15,356
11,870
17,625
9,576
8,048
11,945
7,200
4,745
2,969
1,789
1,180

66.1
62.9
52.9
73.3
81.6
81.8
82.8
83.1
82.5
83.4
83.4
83.3
77.5
80.4
74.2
54.3
64.6
43.8
10.8
18.7
6.6

111,515
7,732
3,274
4,458
14,310
75,095
32,329
16,488
15,841
25,898
14,550
11,348
16,868
9,159
7,708
11,490
6,922
4,568
2,888
1,736
1,151

7,955
1,397
636
760
1,574
4,449
2,363
1,323
1,041
1,328
806
523
757
417
340
455
278
177
81
53
28

6.7
15.3
16.3
14.6
9.9
5.6
6.8
7.4
6.2
4.9
5.2
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.7
2.7
3.0
2.4

61,357
5,376
3,480
1,896
3,590
17,752
7,183
3,610
3,574
5,438
3,058
2,380
5,131
2,337
2,795
10,045
3,948
6,097
24,593
7,765
16,828

29,672
763
366
397
1,687
12,686
5,207
2,565
2,642
3,962
2,236
1,738
3,517
1,655
1,863
5,109
2,277
2,833
9,427
3,075
6,351

1,611
571
272
299
532
504
377
239
138
92
70
22
35
24
11
4
2
2
1
2

2,757
36
13
23
75
1,015
246
120
127
320
155
166
449
188
261
662
353
309
970
231
740

27,318
4,007
2,829
1,178
1,297
3,548
1,354
687
668
1,064
609
454
1,130
470
659
4,270
1,317
2,953
14,196
4,456
9,739

85,919
7,285
3,775
3,510
9,454
47,460
20,556
10,500
10,056
15,924
8,994
6,930
10,980
5,772
5,208
10,337
5,304
5,033
11,383
4,330
7,053

66,469
4,780
2,060
2,720
8,395
44,597
19,500
9,954
9,547
15,127
8,554
6,573
9,970
5,355
4,614
6,933
4,153
2,779
1,764
1,046
718

77.4
65.6
54.6
77.5
88.8
94.0
94.9
94.8
94.9
95.0
95.1
94.8
90.8
92.8
88.6
67.1
78.3
55.2
15.5
24.2
10.2

62,372
4,028
1,714
2,314
7,613
42,361
18,332
9,303
9,028
14,423
8,115
6,308
9,607
5,163
4,443
6,658
3,989
2,669
1,712
1,014
698

4,097
752
346
406
783
2,235
1,169
651
518
704
439
265
363
192
171
275
165
110
52
32
19

6.2
15.7
16.8
14.9
9.3
5.0
6.0
6.5
5.4
4.7
5.1
4.0
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.0
4.0
2.9
3.1
2.7

19,450
2,505
1,715
790
1,058
2,863
1,056
546
510
797
440
357
1,010
417
594
3,404
1,151
2,253
9,619
3,284
6,335

595
99
67
31
44
156
76
32
44
45
32
13
35
19
17
95
32
63
201
50
151

704
244
114
131
243
215
167
96
71
33
24
9
15
10
5
2

1,577
30
13
17
48
696
168
82
87
223
109
115
305
130
175
405
217
188
397
142
256

16,574
2,132
1,521
611
723
1,796
645
337
308
496
275
220
655
258
397
2,902
901
2,001
9,021
3,091
5,929

94,909
7,219
3,615
3,604
10,020
49,837
21,320
10,921
10,399
16,741
9,420
7,321
11,776
6,142
5,634
11,653
5,845
5,809
16,179
5,224
10,955

53,001
4,348
1,850
2,498
7,488
34,947
15,192
7,857
7,335
12,099
6,802
5,297
7,655
4,221
3,434
5,013
3,047
1,966
1,205
743
462

55.8
60.2
51.2
69.3
74.7
70.1
71.3
71.9
70.5
72.3
72.2
72.4
65.0
68.7
60.9
43.0
52.1
33.8
7.4
14.2
4.2

49,143
3,704
1,560
2,144
6,698
32,733
13,998
7,185
6,813
11,475
6,435
5,040
7,261
3,996
3,265
4,832
2,934
1,899
1,175
722
453

3,858
644
290
354
791
2,214
1,194
672
523
625
367
258
394
225
169
180
113
67
30
21
9

7.3
14.8
15.7
14.2
10.6
6.3
7.9
8.6
7.1
5.2
5.4
4.9
5.1
5.3
4.9
3.6
3.7
3.4
2.5
2.8
1.9

41,907
2,871
1,765
1,106
2,532
14,889
6,128
3,064
3,064
4,641
2,618
2,023
4,121
1,920
2,201
6,641
2,798
3,843
14,974
4,481
10,493

29,077
665
299
366
1,643
12,530
5,131
2,533
2,598
3,917
2,192
1,725
3,482
1,636
1,846
5,014
2,244
2,770
9,225
3,025
6,200

1,180
6

10,744
1,874
1,307
567
574
1,752
710
350
360
568
334
234
474
212
262
1,368
416
952
5,175
1,365
3,810

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

2
-

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over




907
326
158
168
288
289
210
143
67
59
46
13
21
14
6
2
1
1
1
2

5
27
319
77
38
40
97
46
51
144
58
86
256
136
120
572
89
484

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

155,604
11,883
6,054
5,828
16,278
83,155
35,359
18,061
17,298
28,194
15,823
12,372
19,602
10,232
9,370
19,459
9,814
9,645
24,829
8,535
16,294

Unemployed
Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Percent
of
population

Employed

103,214
7,898
3,429
4,469
13,564
68,428
29,546
15,167
14,380
23,573
13,220
10,354
15,308
8,283
7,025
10,623
6,363
4,261
2,701
1,604
1,098

66.3
66.5
56.6
76.7
83.3
82.3
83.6
84.0
83.1
83.6
83.5
83.7
78.1
81.0
75.0
54.6
64.8
44.2
10.9
18.8
6.7

97,410
6,895
2,956
3,939
12,517
65,114
27,820
14,222
13,598
22,578
12,640
9,937
14,716
7,972
6,744
10,252
6,137
4,115
2,633
1,560
1,073

5,805
1,003
473
530
1,048
3,314
1,727
945
782
996
579
417
591
311
281
372
226
146
68
44
24

5.6
12.7
13.8
11.9
7.7
4.8
5.8
6.2
5.4
4.2
7.2
4.0
3.9
3.8
4.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
2.5
2.7
2.2

52,389
3,985
2,625
1,360
2,713
14,728
5,813
2,894
2,919
4,621
2,603
2,018
4,294
1,949
2,345
8,836
3,451
5,385
22,128
6,931
15,197

25,880
552
252
300
1,340
10,806
4,385
2,145
2,240
3,429
1,973
1,519
2,991
1,397
1,619
4,601
2,057
2,544
8,582
2,746
5,835

1,077
385
181
204
357
330
235
150
86
69
53
16
26
18
7
4
2
2
1
2

2,155
25
10
14
53
770
180
92
88
248
112
136
342
147
195
502
268
233
806
185
620

23,277
3,023
2,182
841
963
2,822
1,012
507
505
874
501
373
935
388
547
3,729
1,123
2,606
12,740
3,997
8,742

74,478
5,982
3,093
2,890
7,963
41,091
17,598
8,977
8,621
13,907
7,826
6,081
9,586
5,022
4,565
9,192
4,692
4,500
10,250
3,878
6,371

58,124
4,127
1,796
2,331
7,221
38,928
16,855
8,580
8,275
13,291
7,495
5,796
8,783
4,694
4,089
6,232
3,718
2,514
1,615
934
682

78.0
69.0
58.1
80.7
90.7
94.7
95.8
95.6
96.0
95.6
95.8
95.3
91.6
93.5
89.6
67.8
79.2
55.9
15.8
24.1
10.7

55,107
3,576
1,531
2,045
6,700
37,247
15,974
8,092
7,882
12,768
7,178
5,590
8,505
4,559
3,946
6,009
3,584
2,425
1,575
909
666

3,017
551
265
286
521
1,681
881
488
393
523
316
206
278
135
143
223
134
89
40
25
15

5.2
13.4
14.8
12.3
7.2
4.3
5.2
5.7
4.8
3.9
4.2
3.6
3.2
2.9
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
2.5
2.7
2.3

16,355
1,855
1,296
559
742
2,163
743
397
347
616
331
285
804
328
476
2,960
974
1,986
8,634
2,944
5,690

439
71
51
21
24
110
50
20
30
37
28
9
23
11
12
73
23
50
160
39
121

465
158
73
85
167
138
107
62
45
24
18
6
8
5
2
2

1,253
19
10
9
35
539
121
64
58
180
79
101
238
104
134
324
178
146
336
116
220

14,198
1,607
1,163
445
516
1,376
466
251
214
375
206
169
535
207
328
2,561
772
1,788
8,138
2,789
5,349

81,125
5,900
2,961
2,939
8,315
42,064
17,761
9,084
8,677
14,287
7,997
6,291
10,016
5,210
4,805
10,267
5,121
5,145
14,580
4,657
9,923

45,091
3,771
1,633
2,138
6,343
29,500
12,692
6,587
6,105
10,283
5,725
4,558
6,525
3,589
2,936
4,391
2,644
1,747
1,086
670
416

55.6
63.9
55.1
72.8
76.3
70.1
71.5
72.5
70.4
72.0
71.6
72.5
65.1
68.9
61.1
42.8
51.6
33.9
7.4
14.4
4.2

42,303
3,319
1,425
1,894
5,817
27,867
11,846
6,130
5,716
9,810
5,462
4,347
6,211
3,413
2,798
4,243
2,552
1,690
1,058
651
407

2,788
452
208
244
527
1,633
846
457
389
473
263
211
314
176
138
148
92
57
28
19
9

6.2
12.0
12.7
11.4
8.3
5.5
6.7
6.9
6.4
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.7
3.4
3.5
3.2
2.6
2.8
2.2

36,034
2,129
1,329
801
1,971
12,565
5,069
2,497
2,572
4,005
2,272
1,733
3,491
1,621
1,869
5,876
2,477
3,399
13,494
3,987
9,507

25,442
480
201
280
1,317
10,696
4,335
2,125
2,210
3,392
1,908
1,484
2,968
1,385
1,584
4,528
2,034
2,494
8,421
2,707
5,714

612
227
108
119
190
192
129
88
41
45
35
10
18
13
5
2
2

902

9,079
1,416
1,020
397
447
1,446
547
256
291
499
295
204
400
181
219
1,168
350
818
4,602
1,208
3,393

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 years and over ,
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 years and over .
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over ....
65 to 69 years
70 years and over .

10



1
2

6
18
231
58
28
30
68
33
35
104
43
61
178
91
87
470
69
400

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

August 1986
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

20,028
2,134
1,090
1,044
2,621
10,889
5,041
2,641
2,399
3,431
1,987
1,443
2,417
1,271
1,146
2,082
1,095
986
2,302
838
1,465

Unemployed
Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Percent
of
population

Employed

12,767
996
397
599
1,946
8,571
4,002
2,093
1,909
2,820
1,655
1,164
1,749
948
802
1,044
659
386
209
140
69

63.7
46.7
36.4
57.3
74.3
78.7
79.4
79.3
79.6
82.2
83.3
80.7
72.4
74.6
70.0
50.2
60.1
39.1
9.1
16.7
4.7

10,878
645
254
391
1,472
7,580
3,430
1,753
1,678
2,538
1,461
1,077
1,612
860
753
977
619
359
204
136
68

1,889
351
143
208
474
991
572
340
231
282
195
87
137
88
48
67
40
27
6
4
2

14.8
35.3
36.0
34.8
24.4
11.6
14.3
16.2
12.1
10.0
11.8
7.5
7.8
9.3
6.0
6.4
6.1
6.9
2.8
2.9
(1)

7,260
1,138
693
445
675
2,317
1,038
549
491
611
331
279
668
323
346
1,037
437
601
2,093
698
1,395

3,025
187
100
87
300
1,399
619
327
291
383
199
184
397
205
192
414
178
236
725
269
456

378
151
74
77
114
113
93
61
32
14
7
7
6
5
2

552
11
2
9
17
224
58
23
35
65
41
24
101
40
61
151
82
69
149
44
105

3,307
790
516
273
244
581
269
137
132
148
84
65
164
73
92
473
178
296
1,219
385
835

8,975
1,049
548
501
1,193
4,872
2,272
1,192
1,079
1,527
885
642
1,073
564
509
935
495
440
926
363
563

6,448
526
219
307
971
4,303
2,031
1,081
950
1,381
803
577
892
484
408
544
334
210
104
77
27

71.9
50.1
40.0
61.3
81.4
88.3
89.4
90.7
88.0
90.4
90.8
89.9
83.1
85.9
80.0
58.2
67.6
47.7
11.3
21.2
4.8

5,519
353
148
205
733
3,825
1,770
934
837
1,234
703
531
822
435
387
507
313
194
101
76
25

929
173
71
102
238
478
261
147
113
147
101
46
70
49
21
37
21
16
3
1
2

14.4
32.9
32.3
33.4
24.5
11.1
12.8
13.6
11.9
10.6
12.6
8.0
7.9
10.2
5.1
6.8
6.3
7.7
3.3
1.2
(1)

2,525
523
329
194
222
568
240
111
130
146
81
65
181
80
102
391
160
230
821
286
536

136
23
13
10
19
39
22
10
11
6
2
4
11
6
5
21
8
13
34
10
24

162
76
36
40
43
43
36
24
12
4

299
11
2
9
10
146
43
16
28
41
28
13
62
25
37
74
38
36
58
24
34

1,929
413
277
135
150
340
140
61
79
95
51
44
105
46
59
296
115
182
730
252
478

11,054
1,085
542
543
1,428
6,017
2,769
1,449
1,320
1,904
1,102
801
1,344
707
637
1,147
601
546
1,376
475
902

6,319
470
178
291
976
4,268
1,971
1,012
959
1,439
852
587
857
464
394
500
324
176
105
63
42

57.2
43.3
32.9
53.7
68.3
70.9
71.2
69.8
72.7
75.6
77.3
73.3
63.8
65.6
61.8
43.6
54.0
32.2
7.6
13.3
4.7

5,359
292
106
186
739
3,755
1,660
819
841
1,304
758
546
791
425
366
470
305
165
103
60
43

960
178
72
106
237
513
311
193
118
135
94
41
66
39
27
30
19
11
2
3
-

15.2
37.9
40.6
36.2
24.2
12.0
15.8
19.1
12.3
9.4
11.0
7.0
7.8
8.4
6.9
5.9
5.9
6.1
2.3

4,735
616
364
251
453
1,749
798
438
361
464
250
214
487
243
244
647
276
370
1,271
412
859

2,889
164
87
77
281
1,360
597
317
280
377
197
180
386
199
187
393
170
223
691
259
432

215
75
38
37
71
70
57
37
20
10
7
3
3
2
1

252
_
-

1,379
377
239
138
94
241
129
76
53
53
33
21
59
27
33
177
63
114
489
133
357

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Other
reasons

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

4
3
3
1

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

0)
0

7
78
15
7
7
24
13
11
39
15
24
77
44
33
91
20
71

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Unemployed

Employed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

25,224
2,622
1,336
1,286
3,196
14,142
6,517
3,360
3,157
4,470
2,591
1,879
3,155
1,681
1,473
2,531
1,335
1,196
2,733
1,019
1,714

16,256
1,231
482
749
2,320
11,116
5,146
2,644
1,344
3,653
2,136
1,516
2,318
1,294
1,023
1,322
838
484
268
186
82

64.4
46.9
36.0
58.3
72.6
78.6
79.0
78.7
42.6
81.7
82.4
80.7
73.5
77.0
69.5
52.2
62.7
40.5
9.8
18.3
4.8

14,105
837
318
519
1,794
9,982
4,510
2,266
2,244
3,320
1,910
1,410
2,152
1,187
964
1,238
786
453
255
176
78

11,441
1,303
682
621
1,491
6,369
2,958
1,523
1,435
2,017
1,168
849
1,394
750
644
1,144
612
532
1,134
452
682

8,346
653
264
390
1,175
5,669
2,646
1,374
1,272
1,836
1,059
777
1,187
662
525
700
435
265
149
113
36

72.9
50.1
38.7
62.8
78.8
89.0
89.4
90.2
88.6
91.0
90.7
91.5
85.2
88.2
81.7
61.2
71.1
49.8
13.1
24.9
5.3

13,783
1,319
654
665
1,705
7,773
3,559
1,837
1,722
2,453
1,423
1,030
1,761
931
829
1,387
723
664
1,599
567
1,032

7,910
577
218
360
1,145
5,447
2,500
1,270
1,230
1,817
1,077
739
1,130
632
498
622
403
219
119
73
46

57.4
43.8
33.3
54.1
67.1
70.1
70.3
69.1
71.5
74.1
75.7
71.8
64.2
67.9
60.0
44.8
55.7
33.0
7.4
12.9
4.5

Percent
of
population

Not in
labor
force

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

213
23
15
9
25
129
51
24
28
43
26
16
35
22
13
23
17
6
13
12
1

13,893
814
303
510
1,769
9,852
4,459
2,242
2,216
3,277
1,884
1,394
2,117
1,165
952
1,215
769
446
242
165
77

2,151
394
163
230
526
1,135
636
378
259
333
227
106
166
107
59
83
52
31
13
9
13

13.2
32.0
33.9
30.7
22.7
10.2
12.4
14.3
19.3
9.1
10.6
7.0
7.2
8.3
5.8
6.3
6.2
6.5
4.9
4.8
15.9

8,968
1,392
855
537
877
3,026
1,371
716
654
817
454
363
837
388
449
1,209
497
712
2,465
833
1,632

7,266
452
183
270
913
5,115
2,358
1,211
1,147
1,655
937
718
1,102
604
497
649
404
244
137
105
32

166
21
12
9
19
96
38
19
19
30
18
11
28
18
10
19
15
4
11
10
1

7,100
431
170
261
893
5,019
2,320
1,192
1,128
1,625
919
707
1,074
586
488
630
390
240
127
96
31

1,080
201
81
120
262
555
288
163
125
181
123
59
86
58
28
51
30
21
11
7
4

12.9
30.8
30.7
30.8
22.3
9.8
10.9
11.9
9.8
9.9
11.6
7.5
7.2
8.7
5.3
7.3
7.0
7.9
7.5
6.4

3,095
650
418
231
316
700
312
149
163
181
108
72
207
89
118
444
177
267
985
339
646

6,840
385
135
249
881
4,867
2,152
1,055
1,097
1,665
973
692
1,050
583
467
590
381
208
117
71
46

47
2
2

6,792
383
133
249
876
4,833
2,138
1,050
1,088
1,652
965
687
1,043
579
464
585
379
206
115
69
46

1,071
193
82
110
264
580
348
215
134
151
104
47
80
49
31
32
22
11
2
2

13.5
33.4
37.9
30.6
23.1
10.6
13.9
16.9
10.9
8.3
9.7
6.4
7.1
7.8
6.2
5.2
5.4
4.8
1.6
(1)

5,873
742
436
305
561
2,326
1,058
567
491
636
346
291
630
299
331
765
320
445
1,480
494

Total

Agriculture

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12




5
33
13
5
9
13
8
5
7
4
3
5
2
2
2
2

0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

178,405
116,679
65.4
108,628
3,512
105,116
8,051
6.9
61,726

180,828
119,471
66.1
111,515
3,440
108,075
7,955
6.7
61,357

77,306
60,759
78.6
57,416
2,422
54,994
3,344
5.5
16,547

78,634
61,689
78.5
58,344
2,355
55,989
3,345
5.4
16,945

86,652
46,980
54.2
43,622
652
42,970
3,358
7.1
39,672

87,689
48,653
55.5
45,439
702
44,737
3,214
6.6
39,036

14,448
8,940
61.9
7,590
438
7,152
1,350
15.1
5,508

14,505
9,129
62.9
7,732
383
7,349
1,397
15.3
5,376

153,819
100,866
65.6
94,864
3,217
91,648
6,002
6.0
52,953

155,604
103,214
66.3
97,410
3,227
94,183
5,805
5.6
52,389

67,465
53,308
79.0
50,736
2,217
48,519
2,572
4.8
14,157

68,496
53,996
78.8
51,531
2,211
49,320
2,466
4.6
14,499

74,492
39,870
53.5
37,410
607
36,804
2,460
6.2
34,622

75,225
41,320
54.9
38,984
656
38,327
2,336
5.7
33,905

11,862
7,688
64.8
6,718
393
6,325
971
12.6
4,174

11,883
7,898
66.5
6,895
360
6,535
1,003
12.7
3,985

19,700
12,593
63.9
10,788
240
10,548
1,805
14.3
7,107

20,028
12,767
63.7
10,878
159
10,719
1,889
14.8
7,260

7,749
5,812
75.0
5,144
167
4,977
668
11.5
1,937

7,926
5,923
74.7
5,166
108
5,058
756
12.8
2,003

9,797
5,727
58.5
4,932
30
4,902
796
13.9
4,070

9,968
5,849
58.7
5,067
32
5,036
782
13.4
4,119

2,154
1,053
48.9
712
43
669
341
32.4
1,100

2,134
996
46.7
645
20
625
351
35.3
1,138

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of

school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Percent of
population

Total

Part
time1

Full
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Total

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

3,023
1,568
1,455

1,706
795
912

56.5
50.7
62.7

1,506
674
832

670
224
446

835
449
386

201
121
80

57
23
33

144
98
46

11.8
15.3
8.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

795
2,228
1,728
500

376
1,330
889
441

47.4
59.7
51.5
88.2

295
1,211
808
403

66
605
356
249

229
606
452
155

82
119
82
38

15
41
29
12

66
78
53
25

21.7
9.0
9.2
8.5

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,451
747
704

861
394
467

59.4
52.8
66.3

761
332
430

383
129
254

378
203
175

100
63
38

30
11
19

70
52
19

11.6
15.9
8.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

400
1,051
799
253

213
648
426
222

53.3
61.7
53.4
87.8

172
589
382
207

41
342
197
145

131
247
185
62

41
59
45
15

5
25
20
5

36
34
25
9

19.2
9.2
10.5
6.6

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,571
821
750

845
401
444

53.8
48.8
59.2

744
342
402

287
95
192

457
246
211

101
59
42

27
12
14

74
46
28

11.9
14.7
9.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

394
1 177
929
247

163
682
463
219

41.3
58.0
49.8
88.7

122
622
426
196

24
263
159
104

98
359
267
92

41
60
37
23

10
16
9
7

30
44
28
16

25.0
8.8
8.0
10.5

1,475
689
785

60.9
55.5
66 6

1,352
605
747

622
210
413

730
396
334

123
84
39

32
14
18

91
70
21

8.3
12.2
4.9

761
714

63 9
58.0

696
656

365
257

331
399

65
58

21
11

44
47

8.5
8.1

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

2,421
1,241
1,180

Men
Women

1 190
1,230

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

619
1,802
1,397
405

329
1,145
777
368

53.2
63.6
55.7
90.8

278
1,074
729
345

63
559
333
226

215
515
396
119

51
72
48
23

5
27
17
9

46
45
31
14

15.5
6.2
6.2
6.3

466
274
192

190
88
101

40.7
32.2
52.7

116
53
63

40
11
29

76
41
35

74
36
38

26
11
15

48
25
24

39.0
40.5
37.8

Men
Women

193
273

75
115

38.8
42.0

44
72

15
25

29
47

31
43

9
16

22
27

41.6
37.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

145
321
245
76

38
152
90
62

26.1
47.3
36.8
80.7

10
106
58
48

2
38
16
22

8
68
42
26

28
46
32
13

11
15
11
3

17
31
21
10

30.1
35.8

270
150
120

131
62
70

48.5
41.0
58.0

108
42
66

49
16
33

59
25
34

23
20
3

6
6

18
14
3

Men
Women

113
157

77
54

67.7
34.6

63
45

31
18

32
27

14
9

6

8
10

18.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

120
151
118
33

41
91
60
30

34.0
60.1
50.9
93.4

29
79
51
28

8
41
17
24

21
38
34
4

11
12
9
3

4
1
2

7
11
8
3

(2)
13.1

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.

14




17.7
/2\

(2)

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutionai
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
30,956
12,937
18,019

23,306
8,334
14,972

75.3
64.4
83.1

20,537
7,059
13,478

15,182
3,651
11,531

5,355
3,408
1,947

2,769
1,275
1,494

2,044
730
1,314

726
545
180

11.9
15.3
10.0

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

10,496
12,176
6,230
2,054

6,052
10,064
5,311
1,879

57.7
82.7
85.2
91.5

4,893
8,905
4,966
1,772

2,527
7,178
3,895
1,582

2,366
1,727
1,072
190

1,159
1,159
344
107

703
978
257
106

456
181
88
1

19.2
11.5
6.5
5.7

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

15,288
6,538
8,749

12,314
4,386
7,928

80.6
67.1
90.6

10,880
3,696
7,183

8,561
2,083
6,478

2,319
1,614
705

1,435
690
745

1,099
409
690

336
281
55

11.7
15.7
9.4

5,523
5,877

3,591
5,274
2,604
845

65.0
89.7
87.8
91.8

2,948
4,692
2,444
796

1,773
4,020

2,967
921

2,038
729

1,175
671
405
67

643
583
161
49

411
518
120
50

232
64
40

17.9
11.0
6.2
5.8

15,669
6,398
9,270

10,992
3,948
7,044

70.2
61.7
76.0

9,657
3,362
6,295

6,621
1,568
5,053

3,036
1,794
1,242

1,334
585
749

944
321
624

390
265
125

12.1
14.8
10.6

4,974
6,298
3,264
1,133

2,461
4,790
2,707
1,034

49.5
76.1
82.9
91.2

1,945
4,214
2,523

976

754
3,158
1,856
853

1,191
1,056
667
123

516
576
184
58

292
460
136
56

224
116
48
2

21.0
12.0
6.8
5.6

25,739
10,641
15,098

19,987
12,779

77.7
67.7
84.6

18,060
6,290
11,770

13,446
3,319
10,128

4,613
2,971
1,642

1,928
919
1,009

1,375
501
875

552
418
134

9.6
12.7
7.9

12,755
12,985

10,587
9,400

83.0
72.4

9,580
8,480

7,616
5,830

1,963
2,650

1,007
920

740
635

267
285

9.5
9.8

8,415
1,830

5,136
8,567
4,600
1,685

61.0
84.3
66.3
92.1

4,297
7,793
4,375
1,595

2,245
6,357
3,423
1,421

2,052
1,435
953
174

839
774
224
90

492
639
156
89

348
135
68
1

16.3
9.0
4.9
5.4

4,289
1,860
2,429

2,753
908
1,845

64.2
48.8
76.0

2,001
592
1,409

1,397
249
1,148

604
343
261

752
315
436

608
210
398

143
105
38

27.3
34.8
23.6

Men
Women

2,049
2,240

1,422
1,331

69.4
59.4

1,042
959

752
645

290
314

380
372

325
283

55
89

26.7
27.9

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,719

757
1,292
561
142

44.0
74.9
82.8
84.8

477
931
463
130

217
683
376
121

260
248
87
8

280
361
98
12

193
320
82
13

87
42
16

37.0
27.9
17.5
8.6

2,852
1,153
1,699

1,919
618
1,300

67.3
53.7
76.5

1,609
475
1,134

1,272
284
988

337
191
146

309
143
166

234
81
153

76
63
13

16.1
23.2
12.8

Men
Women

1,516
1,336

1,194
725

78.8
54.2

1,017
592

855
417

163
174

177
133

151
83

25
50

14.8
18.3

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,416
1,019
350
68

787

55.6
77.9
80.7

641

487
534
209
42

154
126
48
9

147
134
24
5

90
119
21
5

57
15
4

16.9
8.7

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
Less than 4 years of high school
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

10,163

5,331

7,209

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1,725
678
167

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

793
282

56

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and




659
258

51

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force

Total

Veteran status
and age
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Unemployed

Employed

Percent of
labor force

Number
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

4.6
4.7
6.0
4.5
4.2
3.4

3.9
4.2
5.7
4.3
3.5
2.3

4.7
5.3
4.5
3.8

5.2
5.3
5.5
4.4

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,677
6,516
1,337
3,364
1,815
1,161

7,760
6,370
1,120
3,009
2,241
1,390

7,198
6,283
1,274
3,266
1,743
915

7,166
6,063
1,044
2,863
2,156
1,103

6,870
5,986
1,198
3,119
1,669
884

6,884
5,806
984
2,741
2,081
1,078

328
297
147
74
31

282
257
60
122
75
25

17,347
8,028
5,005
4,314

18,529
8,600
5,765
4,164

16,450
7,672
4,733
4,045

17,579
8,183
5,476
3,920

15,672
7,263
4,519
3,890

16,672
7,749
5,175
3,748

778
409
214
155

907
434
301
172

76

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

16




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
August 1986
Unemployed

Employed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ...,
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

93,941
3,875
1,055
2,819
90,066
11,977
78,088
66,973
11,115

92,214
3,676
996
2,680
88,538
11,702
76,835
65,904
10,931

1,727
199
59
139
1,528
275
1,253
1,069
184

17,575
3,857
2,219
1,638
13,717
2,333
11,384
8,122
3,262

13,375
2,649
1,655
994
10,725
1,537
9,188
6,285
2,903

4,200
1,208
564
644
2,992
796
2,196
1,837
359

6,473
753
198
555
5,719
1,347
4,372
3,984
389

1,483
643
439
205
839
226
613
465
147

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

56,802
2,211
54,590
6,732
47,858
40,813
7,045

55,803
2,088
53,715
6,562
47,152
40,217
6,935

999
123
875
170
706
596
110

5,571
1,817
3,754
880
2,873
1,548
1,325

3,779
1,222
2,556
525
2,031
839
1,192

1,792
595
1,198
355
842
709
133

3,528
420
3,108
709
2,399
2,155
244

569
332
237
74
164
82
82

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
,
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

37,139
1,663
35,475
5,245
30,232
26,160
4,071

36,411
1,588
34,823
5,140
29,684
25,687
3,997

728
75
652
105
548
473
74

12,004
2,040
9,963
1,453
8,510
6,573
1,937

9,596
1,427
8,169
1,012
7,157
5,446
1,711

2,408
613
1,794
441
1,353
1,127
226

2,944
333
2,611
638
1,973
1,829
144

914
311
603
153
450
384
66

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

50,329
2,025
48,303
5,956
42,347
35,986
6,361

49,498
1,921
47,577
5,805
41,771
35,508
6,263

831
104
726
151
576
478
98

4,778
1,550
3,228
744
2,484
1,261
1,223

3,357
1,073
2,284
466
1,818
712
1,106

1,421
477
944
278
666
549
117

2,585
296
2,290
465
1,824
1,618
206

432
256
176
56
120
63
57

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

31,610
1,503
30,107
4,584
25,522
21,948
3,574

31,010
1,429
29,581
4,497
25,083
21,566
3,517

600
74
526
87
439
382
57

10,693
1,817
8,876
1,233
7,644
5,918
1,727

8,784
1,287
7,497
902
6,595
5,034
1,562

1,909
530
1,379
331
1,049
884
165

2,091
219
1,872
428
1,445
1,320
125

696
233
464
99
364
313
51

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,891
143
4,749
624
4,124
3,597
527

4,743
125
4,619
609
4,010
3,493
517

148
18
130
15
114
104
10

629
210
418
108
308
229
79

306
106
200
39
160
91
69

323
104
218
69
148
138
10

818
112
706
223
484
460
24

111
61
50
15
35
17
18

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,332
118
4,214
552
3,662
3,265
398

4,224
117
4,107
536
3,571
3,190
381

108
1
107
16
91
75
17

1,027
174
853
187
666
490
176

589
106
483
83
400
275
125

438
68
370
104
266
215
51

773
109
663
190
473
454
19

187
69
118
47
72
59
13

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according




to whether they usually work full or part time.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Percent
of
population

Employed

Percent
of
Number
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going Unable
Other
to
to
reasons
school work

Total, 16 years and over1

97,817

66.8

91,194

6,623

6.8 48,583

24,048

1,355

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

39,352

78.5
91.7
91.4
62.5

37,963

1,389
731
156
503

3.5 10,784
3.1 2,144
127
11.5
3.5 8,513

158
39
2
117

88
45
3
39

860
295
26
539

9,679
1,765
96
7,818

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

27,432
24,274
887

25,956

2,271

54.7
63.9
63.8
21.1

23,081
731
2,144

1,476
1,193
156
127

5.4 22,704
4.9 13,689
17.6
503
5.6 8,513

18,759
12,128
438
6,193

128
109
7
12

298
99
8
192

3,518
1,352
50
2,116

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

15,304
6,286
5,524
3,494

70.7
64.6
83.5
66.1

13,596
5,504
4,986
3,106

1,708
782
538
388

11.2
12.4
9.7
11.1

6,335
3,450
1,092
1,793

1,000
303
136
561

708
349
288
71

279
18
37
224

4,347
2,779
630
938

Women who maintain families

6,375

61.4

5,689

686

10.8

4,009

2,886

92

188

842

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,772
1,659
1,681
2,433

63.9
57.5
77.6
61.2

4,772
1,243
1,408
2,121

1,000
415
273
312

17.3
25.0
16.3
12.8

3,254
1,228
485
1,541

845
181
120
544

257
138
78
41

270
16
23
231

1,883
894
265
724

Men who maintain families

1,944

78.1

1,803

142

7.3

545

41

9

35

460

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,639
339
500
801

63.2
59.2
81.0
57.1

1,416
273
419
724

224
66
81
77

13.6
19.6
16.2
9.6

953
234
117
602

359
37
38
284

73
34
20
19

72
1
3
68

449
161
57
231

23,812

1,349
14,191

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in
married-couple families where the husband or wife is in the Armed
Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women

18




23,081
1,193
13,689

2,002 21,178

who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status
estimates shown in other tables in this publication because of differences
in definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men
Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

4,098
1,541
501
2,056

4,097
1,548
513
2,036

White, 16 years and over....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,123
1,281
383
1,459

3,017
1,240

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Unemployment
rates
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

6.3

Thousands of
persons
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Unemployment
rates
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

7.7
6.0
8.9
10.4

7.3
5.6
8.0
10.0

3.8
8.1
11.2

6.2
3.7

3,953
1,639

8.2
10.9

1,421

3,858
1,602
820
1,437

386
1,390

5.4
3.5
7.4
9.5

5.2
3.3
7.3
8.9

2,879
1,382
610
887

2,788
1,298
599
890

6.6
5.7
7.7
7.9

6.2
5.2
7.3
7.6

850
205
112
533

929
243
118
569

13.3
6.8
12.2
21.6

14.4
7.8
13.4
23.1

955
209
261
485

960
242
209
509

15.4
9.2
14.4

22.9

15.2
10.6
11.8
22.5

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,493
1,379
465

2,562

4.8
3.6
7.8
8.7

4.8
3.6
8.0
8.6

2,510
1,340

2,423
1,301
732

392

6.4
5.4
8.3
7.3

5.9
5.0
7.6
7.0

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,943
1,150
360
434

1,945
1,121
362

4.2
3.3
7.3
7.2

4.2
3.2
7.1
7.2

1,881
1,139
545

197

1,809
1,062
525
222

5.6
5.2
7.2
5.0

5.2
4.6
6.8
5.1

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

473
182

518
221
117
180

9.7
6.4

10.5
7.5
13.5

553
161
231
161

545
187
197
161

11.5
7.8
13.2
16.1

11.2
9.0
11.4




649

99
191

1,405
486
673

463

11.2
17.2

16.0

894

794
377

15.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Unemployment rates
Women

Men

Total
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

7,955

6.9

6.7

6.3

6.2

7.7

7.3

755
350
405

731
319
411

2.9
2.8
3.0

2.7
2.4
3.0

2.2
2.2
2.2

2.3
2.0
2.6

3.8
3.8
3.9

3.3
3.1
3.4

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,684
109
666
909

1,742
115
763
864

4.8
3.1
5.0
5.0

4.8
3.3
5.4
4.6

3.0
2.4
3.1
3.0

3.9
3.6
3.4
4.9

5.8
3.9
6.9
5.5

5.2
3.0
7.4
4.5

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,316
53
76
1,187

1,335
78
60
1,196

8.2
4.8
4.1
9.1

8.2
7.2
3.2
9.0

8.5

7.6

0

3.7
10.1

O

3.0
9.3

8.1
4.6
6.1
8.6

8.6
7.6
4.5
8.8

916
186
452
279

892
214
396
282

6.2
3.8
8.2
6.3

6.0
4.6
6.9
6.4

5.8
3.7
8.2
5.0

5.8
4.6
7.0
5.5

10.1
8.0
8.3
10.7

8.1
4.3
4.4
9.2

2,006
971
382
653
157
496

1,874
877
340
657
142
514

10.4
10.9
7.8
12.1
15.2
11.3

9.5
9.7
6.9
11.5
13.5
11.0

9.5
9.4
7.6
11.5
14.9
10.5

8.5
8.0
6.6
10.9
13.3
10.3

13.2
13.0
11.1
15.2

12.4
12.1
10.8
14.4

264

249

6.2

6.0

5.9

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

20



Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

8,051

1,045
654
243
147

1,093
724
215
154

O

14.8

O

14.1

5.2

7.4

9.6

_
-

_

_

_
_

_
_

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Total

Unemployment rates
Women

Men

Total
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

7,955

6.9

6.7

6.3

6.2

7.7

7.3

5,894

5,884

6.8

6.6

6.2

6.2

7.4

7.0

82
634

141
597

7.4
10.1

14.6
9.3

7.1
10.3

16.7
9.6

8.9
8.2

4.5
6.7

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Funiture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,649
1,009

1,477

7.5
7.7
11.4

6.6
6.8
8.0
7.9
6.8
10.5
7.3
5.7
7.2
5.5
7.1
4.0
4.5
9.0
6.4
8.4
7.6
9.4
1.7
4.0
4.9
6.7
8.3

6.1
6.6

10.2

10.5
8.0
4.7
10.9
5.9
6.1
7.6
4.7
6.5
2.9
4.3
7.9
5.1
5.9
7.0
4.7
2.8
3.7
4.0
8.6
5.2

5.5
5.9
6.9
7.9
6.0
11.1
7.1
5.5
4.6
4.7
5.0
4.4
2.6
7.3
4.7
6.4
6.7
4.3
1.5
3.2
4.2
5.7
5.4

8.9
9.0
15.6
8.0
9.9
7.2
7.9
6.4

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

281
219
62
1,601
177

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

8,051

81
60
34
97
93
178
231
141
100
42
44
51
640

902
61
54
46
89
106
147
171

10.1
5.6
10.7
6.8
6.5
9.4
5.3
7.5
3.2
6.4

140
62

153
94
59
30
44
574
166
54

148
22
115

121
12
72

60
65

63
52
35

11.6
7.2
7.2
8.5
11.6
3.0
6.7
4.7
8.2
6.4

288
220
68
1,606
189
1,417
283
1,492
580
912

4.5
5.2
2.3
7.3
4.1
8.0
3.1
6.3
4.9
7.8

4.7
5.0
2.5
7.0
4.3
7.6
4.0
6.2
4.5
8.3

4.5
5.2
1.8
6.2
4.0
6.9
2.7
5.8
3.7
7.2

898

212
766

11.0
3.4

10.9
2.9

10.4
2.9

1,045

1,093

28

1,424
207
1,441
612
829

214

10.5
17.7

14.7
8.5
8.4

9.8
7.9

8.1

11.2
8.5
14.4
2.6
7.3
11.2
8.8
12.2
8.6
11.0
2.5
5.1
6.5
8.4
13.1

4.7
5.1
2.5
5.7
3.8
6.3
3.3
6.3
4.3
7.8

4.8
5.1
3.4
8.4
4.5
8.9
3.4
6.6
5.4
8.4

4.6
4.9
2.6
8.4
5.3
8.8
4.4
6.2
4.6
8.8

9.8
2.5

13.1
4.0

15.1
3.3

11.9

7.9
11.9
3.8
9.4
16.0
10.0

9.9
10.1
13.3
3.8

10.4
6.4
7.3

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Men,
20 years
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Women,
20 years
and over

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

1,397
219
46
173
161
293
724

6,002
2,959
822
2,137
773
1,578
692

5,805
2,699
701
1,998
855
1,568
683

1,805
851
153
698
132
516
306

1,889
823
153
671
162
552
351

100.0
22.0
4.4
17.6
6.4
23.2
48.3

100.0
15.7
3.3
12.4
11.5
21.0
51.9

100.0
49.3
13.7
35.6
12.9
26.3
11.5

100.0
46.5
12.1
34.4
14.7
27.0
11.8

100.0
47.2
8.5
38.7
7.3
28.6
17.0

100.0
43.6
8.1
35.5
8.6
29.2
18.6

3.4
1.0
3.5
7.3

2.4
1.8
3.2
7.9

2.9
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

6.8
1.0
4.1
2.4

6.4
1.3
4.3
2.8

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

8,051
3,906
998
2,908
940
2,162
1,043

7,955
3,624
884
2,740
1,043
2,196
1,093

3,344
2,253
598
1,655
384
597
109

3,345
2,213
515
1,698
413
570
148

3,358
1,356
340
1,016
469
1,251
281

3,214
1,192
324
868
469
1,332
221

1,350
297
59
238
87
314
652

100.0
48.5
12.4
36.1
11.7
26.9
13.0

100.0
45.5
11.1
34.4
13.1
27.6
13.7

100.0
67.4
17.9
49.5
11.5
17.9
3.3

100.0
66.2
15.4
50.8
12.3
17.1
4.4

100.0
40.4
10.1
30.3
14.0
37.3
8.4

100.0
37.1
10.1
27.0
14.6
41.4
6.9

3.4
.8
1.9
.9

3.0
.9
1.8
.9

3.7
.6
1.0
.2

3.6
.7
.9
.2

2.9
1.0
2.7
.6

2.5
1.0
2.7
.5

Aug.
1985

Black

White

Aug.
1986

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants

22



HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
August 1986
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

7,955

100.0

42.1

32.4

25.5

10.8

14.7

3,624
884
2,740
1,043
2,196
1,093

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.4
46.7
30.4
54.9
48.3
42.9

30.7
31.5
30.4
27.1
32.2
43.4

34.9
21.8
39.2
18.1
19.4
13.7

15.3
11.4

16.5
7.4
7.3
6.5

19.7
10.4
22.7
10.7
12.2
7.2

3,345

100.0

35.1

31.0

33.8

12.4

21.4

2,213
515
1,698
413
570
148

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

32.0
46.5
27.6
45.0
40.0
36.2

30.5
30.6
30.5
29.5
33.1
35.3

37.5
22.8
42.0
25.5
26.9
28.5

14.9
11.3
16.0

9.3
6.6
6.5

22.6
11.5
26.0
16.2
20.3
22.1

3,214

100.0

44.9

31.2

24.0

11.6

12.4

1,192
324
868
469
1,332
221

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

33.0
43.2
29.2
55.7
52.2
41.4

33.1
35.4
32.2
28.4
29.6
36.4

33.9
21.4
38.5
15.9
18.2
22.3

17.3
13.0
18.9
7.9
7.7
12.4

16.6
8.4
19.7
8.0
10.5
9.9

1,397

100.0

52.4

38.3

9.3

5.2

4.1

219
46
173
161
293
724

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

66.3

19.1

14.6

8.3

6.4

0

0

0

0

0

64.2
77.8
46.9
44.8

20.6
16.9
42.8
47.1

15.2
5.3
10.3
8.1

10.1
1.2
6.4
4.7

5.0
4.1
4.0
3.4

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
.
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over

.

Average (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration, in weeks




Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

8,051

7,955

100.0

100.0

6,664

6,473

100.0

100.0

3,342
2,704
2,036
668
2,006
813
1 193
501
692

3,348
2,576
1,747
829
2,031
862
1,170
471
699

41.5
33.6
25.3
8.3
24.9
10.1
14.8
6.2
8.6

42.1
32.4
22.0
10.4
25.5
10.8
14.7
5.9
8.8

2,524
2,271
1,699
572
1,870
746
1,124
470
654

2,475
2,136
1,441
695
1,862
784
1,077
439
638

37.9
34.1
25.5
8.6
28.1
11.2
16.9
7.1
9.8

38.2
33.0
22.3
10.7
28.8
12.1
16.6
6.8
9.9

15.0
7.1

15.3
7.1

16.5
7.9

16.7
8.2

23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Less
5 to 14 15 to 26
than
weeks weeks
5 weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

August 1986

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Total, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,955
1,397
1,574
2,363
1,328
757
455
81

3,348
732
767
934
485
241
147
43

2,576
535
472
801
407
241
101
17

862
73
183
271
177
82
69
6

1,170
57
151
357
258
194
138
15

15.3
8.2
11.8
15.6
18.7
22.5
25.4
14.1

7.1
4.8
5.3
7.7
8.9
10.1
12.6
4.7

41.5
48.2
44.7
42.1
39.3
30.4
30.5
50.7

42.1
52.4
48.7
39.5
36.5
31.8
32.3
53.1

24.9
8.0
21.3
25.5
32.7
36.2
41.3
31.5

25.5
9.3
21.3
26.6
32.8
36.4
45.5
25.9

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,097
752
783
1,169
704
363
275
52

1,558
383
362
381
217
113
11
26

1,329
290
220
428
224
95
61
10

451
36
96
138
88
48
43
2

760
44
105
222
175
107
95
13

17.8
8.8
14.2
18.5
21.8
25.2
29.6

8.3
4.9
5.9
9.3
10.5
11.5
15.1

36.3
46.4
37.1
36.3
31.8
27.5
28.0

38.0
50.9
46.2
32.6
30.8
31.2
27.9

30.5
9.0
26.6
32.9
43.5
40.0
47.8

29.6
10.5
25.7
30.8
37.3
42.5
50.1

0

O

O

O

O

O

Women, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,858
644
791
1,194
625
394
180
30

1,791
349
405
553
269
127
70
17

1,247
245
252
374
183
146
41
7

411
37
87
133
89
34
26
4

410
13
47
135
84
87
43
2

12.6
7.5
9.4
12.6
15.2
20.0
19.1

6.0
4.6
4.9
6.1
6.7
9.4
9.9

46.9
50.5
52.4
47.9
45.8
33.9
33.4

46.4
54.2
51.2
46.3
43.0
32.3
39.0

19.1
6.7
15.9
18.0
23.4
31.5
33.8

21.3
7.8
16.9
22.4
27.7
30.7
38.4

0

O

O

White, 16 years and over.
Men
Women

5,805
3,017
2,788

2,507
1,153
1,354

1,863
968
895

610
343
267

825
554
271

14.7
17.6
11.7

6.8
8.2
5.4

42.6
38.1
47.5

43.2
38.2
48.6

24.6
29.6
19.2

24.7
29.7
19.3

Black, 16 years and over.
Men
Women

1,889
929
960

734
347
387

625
308
318

216
95
121

314
179
135

17.0
18.7
15.4

7.1
7.7
6.7

38.1
29.8
45.4

38.9
37.4
40.3

25.9
34.5
18.3

28.0
29.5
26.6

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

1,548
513
2,036

482
181
895

461
137
732

233
48
171

373
148
239

21.1
24.4
13.6

10.6
10.7
6.4

30.9
34.1
40.8

31.1
35.3
43.9

39.2
38.8
22.0

39.1
38.1
20.1

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

1,602
820
1,437

792
285
714

468
297
482

194
80
137

148
158
104

11.3
17.9
11.0

5.2
8.9
5.1

49.8
42.5
46.4

49.5
34.7
49.7

18.7
25.0
15.8

21.3
29.0
16.8

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

24



O

0

0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

Occupation and industry

Total

Less
than

5 weeks

5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks
weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

Thousands of persons
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug.
1985 1986 1985 1986

August 1986

I

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks

274
757
625
307
752
139

265
578
382
295
499
74

88
220
113
105
252
13

104
187
214
184
370
23

15.4
13.0
14.7
18.9
18.8
10.4

8.6
6.6
5.8
9.5
8.0
4.5

37.3
46.3
45.1
38.8
37.9
45.7

37.5
43.5
46.8
34.5
40.2
55.8

26.2
21.9
23.3
34.3
30.9
15.4

26.2
23.4
24.6
32.4
33.2
14.4

158

122
253
535
327
208
141
733
911
68

59
200
419
245
175
100
495
708
41

13
66
202
116
86
40
183
215
24

19
101
322
216
106
53
202
296
24

10.4
15.9
19.6
20.9
17.5
15.8
13.7
14.5
17.0

4.4
7.3
9.4
10.0
8.5
7.5
6.2
6.9
8.5

41.8
43.4
36.4
35.0
38.8
40.4
44.6
43.8
35.9

57.4
40.8
36.2
36.2
36.2
42.2
45.4
42.8
43.3

18.7
25.4
35.6
37.9
31.8
28.6
22.0
23.0
26.3

14.7
27.0
35.5
36.8
33.5
27.8
23.9
24.0
30.5

1,093

469

474

71

79

11.5

6.6

40.4

42.9

13.8

13.7

731
1,742
1,335

892
1,874

249

1

INDUSTRY
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience

212
621
1,479

904
576
334
1,613
2,129

Includes wage and salary workers only.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
August 1986
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race

Average
number of
methods
used

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

5.9
2.3
5.8
6.7
8.3
8.0
5.2

75.1
82.0
73.6
73.4
75.4
71.1
72.1

35.2
28.0
37.3
38.4
35.0
37.4
34.0

18.7
15.3
19.3
19.5
18.8
20.6
21.3

4.6
2.1
3.0
5.5
6.9
4.1
8.3

1.62
1.43
1.63
1.69
1.71
1.64
1.58

0

O

O

O

O

0

0)

3,466
710
684
965
566
275
220
46

24.7
12.3
24.3
32.4
31.1
26.9
15.5
(1)

6.5
3.2
3.8
8.0
10.1
10.2
5.9

76.4
82.1
75.6
73.3
76.3
74.9
75.9

33.2
24.9
31.3
41.2
32.2
33.5
33.2

22.1
15.8
24.3
23.3
22.8
25.8
23.2

5.8
2.0
3.8
6.3
9.2
6.9
11.4

O

O

0

O

O

O

3,858
644
791
1,194
625
394
180
30

3,414
615
730
1,069
524
316
142
18

19.6
13.8
22.9
19.6
21.9
19.3
19.7

5.3
1.1
7.7
5.7
6.3
6.0
4.2

73.9
82.0
71.8
73.5
74.4
67.7
66.2

37.2
31.5
42.9
35.9
38.2
40.5
35.2

3.4
2.1
2.3
4.8
4.4
1.3
3.5

1.55
1.45
1.62
1.56
1.60
1.51
1.47

O

0

15.3
14.8
14.7
16.0
14.5
15.8
18.3
(1)

O

O

White, 16 years and over..
Men
Women

5,805
3,017
2,788

4,940
2,514
2,426

20.1
22.8
17.3

6.1
6.6
5.5

75.4
76.5
74.3

37.0
35.3
38.8

18.7
22.4
14.8

4.9
6.2
3.5

1.62
1.70
1.54

Black, 16 years and over ..
Men
Women

1,889
929
960

1,717
819
898

27.4
29.3
25.7

5.8
6.6
5.2

75.0
76.9
73.2

30.3
28.0
32.4

18.8
21.1
16.7

3.7
4.4
3.1

1.61
1.66
1.56

Public
employment
agency

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,955
1,397
1,574
2,363
1,328
757
455
81

6,881
1,325
1,414
2,034
1,090
591
362
64

22.2
13.0
23.6
25.7
26.7
22.8
16.9

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,097
752
783
1,169
704
363
275
52

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

0

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

Private
employment
agency

0

1.69
1.40
1.63
1.85
1.82
1.78
1.65

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed Jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
August 1986
Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Public
employment
agency

5.9
6.4
7.7
5.7
3.3

75.1
78.1
75.8
70.3
76.1

35.2
36.2
40.3
34.4
29.1

18.7
23.1
15.3
14.3
19.4

4.6
4.5
3.9
6.4
2.2

1.62
1.76
1.65
1.48
1.47

639
522

24.7
30.3
22.1
17.2
16.7

6.5
6.8
7.4
6.6
4.6

76.4
78.4
75.4
70.3
77.2

33.2
34.2
40.9
28.3
28.2

22.1
25.0
17.6
17.2
22.2

5.8
5.5
4.5
10.6
2.1

1.69
1.80
1.68
1.50
1.51

3,414
936
547
1,371
560

19.6
23.9
22.7
16.1
17.7

5.3
5.7
8.0
5.3
2.1

73.9
77.2
76.1
70.3
75.2

37.2
40.1
39.7
37.1
30.0

15.3
19.2
13.3
12.8
16.8

3.4
2.6
3.3
4.4
2.3

1.55
1.69
1.63
1.46
1.44

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

7,955
3,624
1,043
2,196
1,093

6,881
2,758
1,031
2,010
1,082

22.2
28.1
22.5
16.5
17.2

Men, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

4,097
2,345
504
722
525

3,466
1,823
484

Women, 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,858
1,278
538
1,474

1
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

26




Average
number of
methods
used

Employer
directly

Total
jobseekers

568

Private
employment
agency

Placed
or
answered

Total
unemployed

Friends
or
relatives

Other

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Women

Men

Total
Industry and age

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

108,628
7,590
3,196
4,394
14,487
72,341
31,222
24,634
16,486
11,469
6,913
4,556
2,741

111,515
7,732
3,274
4,458
14,310
75,095
32,329
25,898
16,868
11,490
6,922
4,568
2,888

61,403
3,987
1,698
2,290
7,744
41,164
17,757
13,957
9,451

62,372
4,028
1,714

49,143
3,704
1,560
2,144

4,103
2,703
1,701

9,607
6,658
3,989
2,669
1,712

47,225
3,603
1,499
2,104
6,742
31,177
13,465
10,677
7,035

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,512
438
236
202
458
1,887
793
606
488
460
238
222
269

3,440
383
208
175
440
1,847
810
561
476
469
265
204
300

2,797
375
205
170
379
1,431
615
448
368
370
181
190
241

2,674
319
168
151
363
1,369
621
399
349
362
198
165
261

105,116
7,152
2,960
4,192
14,029
70,455
30,429
24,028
15,998
11,009
6,675
4,334
2,472

108,075
7,349
3,066
4,283
13,870
73,249
31,520
25,336
16,392
11,021
6,657
4,363
2,587

58,606

59,698
3,709

46,510
3,540

48,377

1,546
2,163
7,250

1,520
2,119
6,620

40,992

1,467
2,072
6,663
30,722

17,711

13,287

14,024
9,258
6,295
3,791
2,505

10,520

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




6,805

3,612
1,493
2,119
7,365
39,733
17,142
13,508
9,083
6,435
3,922
2,513
1,460

2,314
7,613

42,361
18,332
14,423

1,451

4,664
2,810
1,853

1,039
715
63

31
32
79
455
177
157
121

90
57
32
28

6,915
4,574
2,753
1,821
1,011

6,698
32,733
13,998
11,475
7,261
4,832

2,934
1,899
1,175

766
64
40
24
78
478
189
162
127
107
67
40

39
3,640

32,256
13,809
11,312

7,134
4,725
2,866
1,859
1,136

27

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)

Occupation

Total

Women

Men

Total
16 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1986

08,628

11,515 61,403 62,372 57,416 58,344 47,225 49,143 43,622 45,439

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial..'.
Officials and administrators, public administration .
Other executive, administrative, and managerial ...
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

25,349 26,183 14,682 14,924 14,586 14,841 10,666 11,259 10,535 11,127
7,842 7,989 7,811 7,948 4,376 4,763 4,334 4,719
12,218 12,753
261
237
262
238
317
280
317
280
518
578
5,918 5,675 5,879 2,650 2,934 2,616 2,897
8,354
8,852 5,704
1,755 1,855 1,752 1,488 1,567 1,480 1,561
1,857
3,345 3,322
6,841
6,935 6,775 6,893 6,290 6,496 6,202 6,407
13,131 13,431
109
88
88
110
1,723 1,575 1,722
1,688
1,812
1,578
248
200
250
200
406
423
404
627
656
426
94
74
95
74
387
401
306
313
306
313
99
114
102
717
724
114
622
602
621
603
1,725 1,729
274
274 1,732 1,731
270
2,006
2,005
273
180
191
183
191
317
338
317
528
500
337
801
816
793 2,161 2,200 2,136 2,178
2,986
3,001
825
116
122
116
122
528
547
526
668
645
546
1,958 1,891
1,930 1,585 1,730 1,530 1,674
3,525 3,688
1,940

Technical, sales, and administrative support
...
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science .
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services .
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
r
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

33,453 34,784 11,862 12,258 11,276 11,577 21,591 22,526 19,851 20,687
1,748 1,793 1,706 1,599 1,639 1,579 1,611
3,424 3,387
1,825
943
990
951
1,135
997
184
198
180
1,197
200
224
1,155
248
232
1,181
253
923
903
899
928
444
1,097
341
1,046
349
456
641
692
697
628
12,698 13,446 6,538 6,968 6,193 6,554 6,161
6,477 5,198 5,451
1,075
995
3,382 3,548 2,359 2,459 2,327 2,436 1,023 1,089
925
2,268
906
2,172
961
933
1,308 1,232 1,298
1,239
294
1,551
281
1,460
305
290
1,246 1,161
1,236
1,171
5,624 6,016
1,939 1,458 1,569 3,871 4,077 2,975 3,122
1,752
35
61
40
61
45
44
16
15
15
16
3,499 3,542 3,290 3,317 13,831 14,410 13,074 13,625
17,330 17,952
428
382
434
331
384
316
316
331
715
750
552
490
264
601
532
301
282
276
808
902
136
104
94 4,954 4,937 4,742 4,697
146
5,101
5,041
233
223
218 2,188 2,271 2,134 2,227
246
2,434
2,493
489
310
222
323
240
586
564
519
759
908
2,012 1,837 1,844 5,533 5,845 5,103 5,411
1,980
7,513
7,857

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

14,658 14,935
1,059
1,007
1,793
1,829
11,806 12,098
5,131
5,196
1,827
1,845
2,871
2,935
1,977
2,121

4,828
29
1,467
3,332
1,304
168
1,517
343

4,780
34
1,515
3,231
1,275
173
1,433
350

8,875
1,012
274
7,589
3,231
1,644
1,146
1,568

9,081
957
235
7,889
3,246
1,666
1,270
1,707

7,506
784
201
6,522
2,466
1,539
1,080
1,436

7,724
738
189
6,796
2,487
1,560
1,187
1,563

Precision production, craft, and repair
,
Mechanics and repairers
...
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.

13,909 13,903 12,706 12,68; 12,239
4,499 4,289 4,347
4,670
4,444
5,077 5,329 4,949 5,209 4,697
3,258 3,184 3,195
4,16i
4,130

12,262
4,150
4,978
3,133

1,204
172
128
904

1,221
155
120
946

1,162
170
120
871

1,163
152
112
898

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
...
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,225 17,809 13,000 13,414 11,685 12,115
4,65:
4,855 4,503
4,74;
7,954 8,155
3,903 3,982 3,720 3,847
6,744
6,661
2,529
3,552 3,734 2,476 2,605 2,367
1,427 1,37
3,010
1,318
1,353
3,109
839
1,411
805
873
783
1,294
4,226
4,579
4,078
4,230 4,080
4,517
2,96)
3,34
2,90;
3,024 2,844
3,220
1,263 1,206 1,236
1,237
1,176
1,296
4,032
5,075
3,385
4,329 3,101
4,753
843
91!
734
883
719
870
3,189 3,446 2,383
2,65;
3,883 4,16;

4,224
3,212
2,758
1,076
1,681
455
291
258
33
721
27
694

4,396
3,300
2,763
1,130
1,633
537
350
318
32
746
30
716

3,998
3,081
2,661
1,046
1,616
420
277
244
33
640
22
618

4,159
3,175
2,671
1,097
1,574
505
337
305
32
647
26
621

665
211
454

660
232
428

570
208
363

580
227
353

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

28



4,035
1,449
2,586

3,901
1,394
2,507

5,783
47
1,519
4,217
1,900
183
1,725
409

3,370
1,238
2,132

5,853
50
1,594
4,209
1,950
179
1,666
414

3,241
1,162
2,080

2,803
1,223
1,580

2,770
1,148
1,621

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Men

Women

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

108,628
100.0

111,515
100.0

61,403
100.0

62,372
100.0

47,225
100.0

49,143
100.0

23.3
11.2

23.5

23.9

23.9

22.6

11.4

12.8
11.1
19.3
3.0
10.6
5.7

12.8
11.1

9.3
13.3
45.7
3.4
13.0

22.9
9.7
13.2
45.8
3.3
13.2
29.3

9.4

9.4
.1
2.6
6.7
20.3

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.1

12.0

30.8
3.2
11.7
16.0
13.5
1.0
1.7
10.9
12.8

31.2
3.0
12.1
16.1
13.4
.9
1.6
10.8
12.5
16.0
7.3

15.9
7.3
4.2
4.4
3.7

.1
2.5

6.9
20.7
21.2
7.7

19.7
2.8
11.2
5.7

29.3

18.5

6.9
5.2

18.8
2.1
.6
16.1
2.5
8.9
6.8
.6
1.5
1.4

21.5
7.8
6.8

1.9
.5
16.1
2.5
8.9
6.7
.7
1.5
1.3

4.1
4.6
3.5

6.9
6.6
5.5

94,864
100.0

97,410
100.0

54,246
100.0

55,107
100.0

40,619
100.0

42,303
100.0

24.3
11.8
12.5
31.3
3.1

24.5
12.1
12.3
31.7
3.1
12.7

24.9

25.0
13.6

23.4
9.7

23.9
10.2

13.7

13.7
47.0
3.3

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.3
15.9
12.2

16.0

13.3
11.6
19.7
3.0
11.3
5.4
8.4
.1
2.3

11.3
20.0

2.9
11.8
5.4
8.4
.1
2.4
5.9

46.9
3.3
13.7

13.8

29.9

29.9

17.4

6.1
5.5

20.9
20.3
7.4
6.5
6.4
5.4

15.1
2.5
8.3
6.3
.6
1.4
1.5

17.2
1.6
.5
15.1
2.4
8.1
6.0
.7
1.4
1.4

10,878
100.0

5,542
100.0

5,519
100.0

5,246
100.0

5,359
100.0

14.1
6.7
7.4

14.0
5.5
8.5

26.6
2.4
7.1

16.7
23.8
2.6
2.4
18.8
9.1
23.6
10.8
5.7
7.1
3.5

17.1
23.1
2.2
2.4
18.5
9.5
24.3
11.1
5.9
7.3
2.3

12.5
5.4
7.1
15.4
1.7
5.5
8.2

15.7
6.0
9.7
37.3
3.7
8.0
25.6
29.5
5.2
.9
23.4
2.9
13.6

15.6
5.7
9.9

25.9
3.0
6.2

12.6
7.3
5.3
15.1
2.3
4.6
8.2
18.4
.2
3.9
14.4
15.0
33.0
11.1
10.5
11.4

.8
1.6

12.2
.8
1.6

9.9
13.3

9.9
12.9

15.1

15.0

6.9
4.0
4.1
3.8

6.8
4.0
4.2
3.7

10,788
100.0

5.9
21.5
20.1
7.4
6.6

1.8
.5

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing




5.9

17.6
.1
4.2
13.4
16.1
34.3
11.2
10.7
12.4
4.0

10.4
.6

2.6
1.0

38.2
3.1
8.8
26.3
28.8
4.5
.7
23.7
2.7
14.0
11.1
.9
2.0
.6

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
August 1986
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex

Wage and salary workers

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

oeifemployed
workers

unpaid
family
workers

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

99,672
7,242
3,032
4,209
13,533
29,498
22,945
14,708
9,684
5,887
3,797
2,062

1,357
337
220
117
150
231
192
197
148
85
63
102

15,820
488
216
272
1,151
4,130
4,702
3,034
2,000
1,259
741
315

82,496
6,416
2,596
3,821
12,231
25,138
18,051
11,478
7,537
4,543
2,993
1,645

8,126
73
18
55
318
1,974
2,316
1,638
1,293
741
552
514

277
35
16
18
20
47
75
46
43
29
14
12

1,727
288
151
137
349
484
260
180
116
66
50
50

1,496
41
27
14
64
297
275
272
327
181
145
221

217
55
30
24
27
29
27
24
27
18
8
29

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

54,147
3,633
1,522
2,111
7,020
16,406
12,492
8,118
5,382
3,266
2,116
1,095

251
112
84
27
30
42
25
12
14
7
7
16

7,643
253
112
140
517
1,961
2,255
1,545
980
629
351
132

46,253
3,269
1,326
1,943
6,473
14,403
10,212
6,561
4,388
2,630
1,758
947

5,503
50
11
40
221
1,300
1,532
1,139
910
524
386
352

49
26
13
13
9
5
2
4
1
3
4

1,361
246
120
125
288
379
173
142
90
51
39
43

1,236
34
26
9
56
241
225
207
272
146
126
201

78
39
22
17
19
1
1
17

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

45,526
3,608
1,510
2,098
6,512
13,092
10,453
6,591
4,302
2,621
1,681
967

1,106
225
136
89
120
189
167
185
133
78
56
86

8,177
235
103
132
634
2,169
2,448
1,489
1,020
630
390
182

36,243
3,148
1,270
1,877
5,759
10,734
7,839
4,916
3,149
1,913
1,235
698

2,623
22
7
15
97
675
784
499
384
217
166
162

228
9
3
6
11
42
75
45
39
28
11
8

366
42
31
12
61
105
87
38
26
15
12
7

260
6
1
5
8
56
50
65
54
35
20
20

140
16
8
8
8
28
26
24
26
18
9
12

30




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
August 1986
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .,
Professional services....
Public administration
1

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
TechniemAdminisadminisployed
cians
trative Private
ProfesOther
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
service1
and
including hold
specialty related
manasupport
clerical
gerial

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producHandlers, forestry,
operTransportion,
and
equipment
ators,
tation
craft,
cleaners, fishing
assemand
and
helpers,
blers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

3,440
860
7,845
21,312
12,782
8,530

70
135
827
2,274
1,391
883

56
99
127
1,750
1,200
550

41
40
70
751
545
207

14
17
66
725
293
432

104
126
424
2,547
1,469
1,078

19
10
28
370
191
179

48
248
4,582
4,015
2,860
1,155

12
21
101
6,744
3,734
3,010

33
119
533
836
430
406

26
43
1,067
1,201
584
617

3,018
4
20
99
85
14

7,686
23,426
4,601
18,824

879
1,854
513
1,341

486
412
83
329

198
102
43
58

320
9,715
1,787
7,928

2,053
2,356
847
1,508

213
4,346
34
4,312

1,262
1,620
363
1,258

120
312
129
182

1,625
925
477
448

509
1,760
320
1,439

23
25
4
21

7,522
34,211
1,365
32,846
21,269
5,213

1,784
3,821
4
3,817
2,053
1,110

170
9,625
17
9,608
8,455
705

149
1,782
7
1,775
1,437
254

1,804
768

3,083
5,824
12
5,812
4,224
1,434

292
7,454
109
7,346
3,949
1,196

132
1,770
24
1,746
371
228

4
781

16
430
5
425
196
63

14
401
27
374
94
55

74
547
153
394
148
91

768
126
18

1,007
1,007

780
216
59

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Aug.
1985

Total, 16 years and over....
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

Aug.
1986

Paid absences
Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Unpaid absences

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

Aug.
1985

Aug.
1986

11,156
8,812
1,302
32
59
950

11,433
8,989
1,193
50
101
1,101

10,982
8,718
1,274
19
59
913

11,257
8,874
1,170
33
101
1,079

6,229
5,481
527

6,223
5,545
441

3,919
2,722
634

4,271
2,824
648

()
222

()
237

()
563

799

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

5,077
3,937
700
439

5,074
3,897
616
562

4,941
3,867
680
394

4,931
3,805
598
529

3,257
2,867
290
99

3,130
2,799
232
99

1,272
749
340
184

1,385
744
315
326

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

6,079
4,875
602
603

6,359
5,092
577
689

6,041
4,850
594
597

6,326
5,069
573
684

2,973
2,613
237
123

3,094
2,746
210
138

2,647
1,973
294
380

2,887
2,079
334
474

1

Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2




O2
()

3

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
August 1986
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Agriculture

Percent distribution

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

100,082

3,264

96,818

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

22,403
737
3,327
11,238

839
41
185
403
210

21,566
696
3,143
10,836
6,891

22.4
.7
3.3
11.2

25.7
1.3
5.7

22.3
.7
3.2
11.2
7.1

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

77,679
6,861
41,936
28,882
10,447

75,252
6,680
41,261

77.6
6.9
41.9
28.9

10,115
8,320

2,426
181
675
1,570
246
409
915

39.8
43.6

45.7
52.5

39.5
43.3

7,101

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

12.3
6.4

7.1

27,311

10.4
10.1
8.3

10,200

9,706
7,405

77.7
6.9
42.6

74.3
5.5
20.7
48.1
7.5
12.5
28.0

28.2
10.5

10.0
7.6

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

32




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

22,403

7,168

15,236

21,566

6,888

14,678

5,927
2,331
52
232
113
3,199

1,727
1,330
52
232
113

4,200
1,001
_

5,669
2,192
52
220
108
3,096

1,636
1,255
52
220
108
-

4,033
937
-

16,476
8,867
2,268
1,348
330
14
123
1,419
2,109

5,440
2,268
1,201
330
14
123
_
1,505

11,036
8,867
147

5,252
2,224
1,176
264
14
123
1,451

10,645
8,567
138
-

_
1,419
604

15,897
8,567
2,224
1,314
264
14
123
1,399
1,993

21.9
22.1

24.3
25.7

20.9
20.3

22.0
22.2

24.5
25.8

21.0
20.4

1,844
5,257

802
2,759

1,042
2,498

1,775
5,116

776
2,678

999
2,438

_
3,199

3,096

_
1,399
542

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986

Industry

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or more
or less
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

96,818

5,669

10,645

80,504

53,193

10,200

17,111

39.5

43.3

89,114

5,084

9,377

74,653

50,587

9,605

14,461

39.4

42.9

761

34

12

715

412

118

185

44.3

45.9

5,986

385

238

5,363

3,610

603

1,150

40.8

43.1

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

19,312
11,506
7,806

550
223
328

486
203
283

18,276
11,080
7,195

12,225
7,376
4,848

2,805
1,709
1,096

3,246
1,995
1,251

41.8
42.3
41.1

42.9
43.0
42.7

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

6,737
19,884
6,424

218
1,964
141

282
3,607
526

6,237
14,313
5,757

4,097
8,802
4,134

870
2,102
652

1,270
3,409
971

42.0
37.6
39.9

43.7
43.7
42.0

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

25,279
1,296
23,983
4,730

1,721
308
1,413
72

4,024
496
3,528
201

19,534
492
19,042
4,457

13,928
326
13,602
3,378

2,052
64
1,988
404

3,554
102
3,452
675

37.3
26.0
37.9
41.0

42.3
44.1
42.3
42.1

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

7,428
277

576
8

1,158
111

5,694
158

2,510
98

585
10

2,599
50

41.7
35.6

48.7
45.7

Total, 16 years and over
Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction




33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over..
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

96,818
6,946
2,858
4,089
89,872
13,138
76,733
50,761
23,726
2,246

5,669
1,347
592
756
4,321
1,031
3,292
2,212
974
105

10,645
2,286
1,415
870
8,360
1,320
7,040
3,769
2,188
1,083

80,504
3,313
851
2,463
77,191
10,787
66,401
44,780
20,564
1,058

53,193
2,614
714
1,902
50,578
7,493
43,083
28,480
13,884
720

27,311
699
137
561
26,613
3,294
23,318
16,300
6,680
338

39.5
30.2
25.4
33.6
40.3
38.9
40.5
41.1
40.3
29.3

43.3
40.8
39.8
41.1
43.4
42.5
43.5
43.7
43.3
43.0

Men, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

54,767
3,513
1,436
2,077
51,254
6,935
44,318
29,158
13,878
1,283

2,602
665
312
354
1,937
493
1,443
987
402
54

3,026
1,021
643
377
2,006
450
1,556
493
503
561

49,139
1,827
481
1,346
47,311
5,992
41,319
27,678
12,973
668

29,193
1,390
386
1,004
27,800
3,842
23,958
15,607
7,928
423

19,946
437
95
342
19,511
2,150
17,361
12,071
5,045
245

42.3
31.5
26.8
34.8
43.1
40.7
43.4
44.1
43.1
30.9

44.7
41.5
40.9
41.7
44.9
43.5
45.0
45.3
44.7
43.6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

42,051
3,433
1,421
2,012
38,618
6,204
32,414
21,603
9,848
964

3,066
681
280
401
2,386
538
1,847
1,224
573
50

7,619
1,265
772
493
6,354
870
5,483
3,277
1,685
522

31,366
1,487
369
1,118
29,878
4,796
25,084
17,102
7,590
392

24,001
1,225
326
899
22,776
3,652
19,125
12,874
5,955
297

7,365
262
43
219
7,102
1,144
5,959
4,228
1,635
95

35.9
28.9
24.1
32.3
36.5
36.8
36.5
37.0
36.3
27.2

41.1
39.8
38.4
40.3
41.1
41.2
41.2
41.2
40.9
42.0

White, 16 years and over.
Men
Women

84,404
48,261
36,144

4,536
2,085
2,451

9,718
2,697
7,021

70,150
43,479
26,672

45,123
25,074
20,050

25,027
18,405
6,622

39.7
42.6
35.8

43.5
45.0
41.1

Black, 16 years and over .
Men
Women

9,505
4,906
4,599

995
455
540

653
233
420

7,857
4,218
3,639

6,225
3,125
3,100

1,632
1,093
539

38.1
39.6
36.4

41.6
42.6
40.4

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

34,774
5,095
14,899

923
236
1,442

1,112
207
1,708

32,739
4,652
11,749

18,541
2,761
7,891

14,198
1,891
3,858

43.8
42.9
38.7

45.2
45.0
43.3

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)

22,150
8,173
11,728

1,232
612
1,223

4,662
883
2,074

16,256
6,678
8,431

12,738
4,920
6,342

3,518
1,758
2,089

35.3
37.9
35.6

40.7
41.7
41.3

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
August 1986
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1

Men, 16 years and over

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1

Women, 16 years and over

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
1

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

96,373

5,597

10,516

80,259

52,956

10,203

17,100

39.6

43.3

21,817

1,588

19,796
11,075
8,721
25,535

11,487
5,942
5,545

2,341
1,393
948
3,232
385
1,425
1,422
880
45
221
614
1,726
2,025
1,034

5,968
3,740
2,228
4,491
383
2,942

4,109
4,765

433
151
282
1,508
64
864
580
1,811
220
72
1,519
652
1,194
413
238
542

44.7
45.8
43.3
42.5
42.0
45.5
40.5
42.5
42.2
45.5
41.9
43.5
43.1
41.9
46.2
42.3

54,226
13,174
7,367
5,807
11,375
1,612
6,491
3,272
5,441
48
1,477
3,916
11,783
12,454
4,485
3,869
4,100

1,973
2,662

539

832
1,165

451

593

42.4
44.4
40.1
38.3
39.7
39.5
37.2
34.9
26.4
42.9
34.4
41.8
40.4
40.4
43.5
37.8

48,822

28,928

6,602

13,292

42.4

44.7

565
9

93
618
282
619
79
130
410

1,327
2,799
10,917
10,997
4,243
3,525
3,229

1,477
897
581
1,485
207
898
380
442
10
197
235
1,605

44.9
46.2
43.3
43.0
41.9
44.7
40.1
38.4

58
499
584
838
163
214
461

6,412
3,305
3,107
5,690
1,060
2,540
2,090
2,875
16
784
2,076
6,879
7,072
2,894
1,875
2,303

4,589
2,882

54
484
222
724
13

12,479
7,084
5,395
10,278
1,541
5,800
2,937
4,152
26

1,594
707
508
379

42,147

3,072

7,637

31,437

24,028

8,643

232
64
168
1,171
47
658
467
1,246
212
14
1,020
67
355
251
24
81

1,094
315

7,317
3,991
3,326
15,258
1,188

5,075
2,637

11,737
10,079
31,728

3,096
12,398

16,234
13,584
958
1,676
10,951
12,890
16,354
7,481

4,371
4,272
20,353
1,484

5,906
12,962
8,143
910

199
7,035
1,107

3,900
2,996
240
665

511

1,076
4,685
303

2,729

2,216

9,317

2,166

13,489
8,869
374
1,490
7,005

2,904
363
114
2,427
400
231
193
516

11,838
14,220
6,837
3,677
3,706

2,525

2,879

201
87

494
196
298
760

114
337
17
207
113

940

779
3,924
249

17,813
1,961
4,951

10,901
6,498
265
900
5,334
7,552
9,606

4,971

2,438
12,123
901
2,411
8,811
3,623

642
1,143
547

41.8
44.2
38.1

3,601

3,808

35.9

41.1

864
497
367

1,378
858
1,387
108
579
700

38.6
41.3
35.8
35.7
37.2
33.8
36.4
32.6
26.2
38.3
33.2
37.8
37.6
38.3
33.1
35.9

41.9
43.1
40.5
40.6
41.0
42.2
40.0
41.6
42.2
42.4
41.5
41.3
40.6
40.5
41.0
41.2

2,594

673
2,534
2,077

152
478

98

359

72

3,517

1,944

10,552

2,180
350
21
1,809
118
321
151
64
106

4,718
349
164
4,205
921
3,224

249
116
3,258

369
1,057
2,561
2,589

46.3
47.3
45.0
45.3
42.8
47.6
42.3
43.6
(2)
45.9
42.6
43.7
43.9
42.8
46.5
42.4

1,747
179
527
1,041
438
35
24
378
121
431
327
31

1,732

1,166
1,491
65

1,707
3,103
274
2,363
466
834

346
489
2,434
2,331

521

657
65
24
569
127
258
190

22
46

(2)
43.5
36.6
42.2
41.3

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1986

1985
Employment status and sex
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

180,131
117,069
65.0
108,936
60.5
1,726
107,210
3,095
104,115
8,133
6.9
63,062

180,304
117,522
65.2
109,251
60.6
1,732
107,519
3,017
104,502
8,271
7.0
62,782

180,470
117,814
65.3
109,513
60.7
1,700
107,813
3,058
104,755
8,301
7.0
62,656

180,642
117,832
65.2
109,671
60.7
1,702
107,969
3,070
104,899
8,161
6.9
62,810

180,810
117,927
65.2
109,904
60.8
1,698
108,206
3,151
105,055
8,023
6.8
62,883

181,361
118,477
65.3
110,646
61.0
1,691
108,955
3,299
105,655
7,831
6.6
62,885

181,512
118,779
65.4
110,252
60.7
1,691
108,561
3,096
105,465
8,527
7.2
62,733

181,678
118,900
65.4
110,481
60.8
1,693
108,788
3,285
105,503
8,419
7.1
62,778

181,843
118,929
65.4
110,587
60.8
1,695
108,892
3,222
105,670
8,342
7.0
62,914

181,998
119,351
65.6
110,797
60.9
1,687
109,110
3,160
105,950
8,554
7.2
62,647

182,183
119,796
65.8
111,353
61.1
1,680
109,673
3,165
106,508
8,443
7.0
62,387

182,354
119,744
65.7
111,554
61.2
1,672
109,882
3,112
106,769
8,190
6.8
62,610

182,525
119,879
65.7
111,852
61.3
1,697
110,155
3,048
107,107
8,027
6.7
62,646

86,132
65,945
76.6
61,510
71.4
1,574
59,936
4,435
6.7
20,187

86,217
66,074
76.6
61,629
71.5
1,580
60,049
4,445
6.7
20,143

86,293
66,227
76.7
61,656
71.4
1,551
60,105
4,571
6.9
20,066

86,374
66,176
76.6
61,731
71.5
1,552
60,179
4,445
6.7
20,198

86,459
66,139
76.5
61,793
71.5
1,549
60,244
4,346
6.6
20,320

86,882
66,679
76.7
62,458
71.9
1,539
60,919
4,221
6.3
20,203

86,954
66,838
76.9
62,243
71.6
1,539
60,704
4,595
6.9
20,116

87,035
66,864
76.8
62,288
71.6
1,540
60,748
4,577
6.8
20,171

87,120
66,757
76.6
62,254
71.5
1,541
60,713
4,503
6.7
20,363

87,195
66,943
76.8
62,190
71.3
1,533
60,657
4,754
7.1
20,252

87,288
66,964
76.7
62,322
71.4
1,525
60,797
4,642
6.9
20,324

87,373
66,936
76.6
62,365
71.4
1,518
60,847
4,571
6.8
20,437

87,460
66,944
76.5
62,515
71.5
1,541
60,974
4,429
6.6
20,516

93,999
51,124
54.4
47,426
50.5
152
47,274
3,698
7.2
42,875

94,087
51,448
54.7
47,622
50.6
152
47,470
3,826
7.4
42,639

94,177
51,587
54.8
47,857
50.8
149
47,708
3,730
7.2
42,590

94,266
51,655
54.8
47,939
50.9
149
47,790
3,716
7.2
42,611

94,351
51,788
54.9
48,111
51.0
149
47,962
3,677
7.1
42,563

94,479
51,797
54.8
48,187
51.0
152
48,035
3,610
7.0
42,68;

94,558
51,941
54.9
48,009
50.8
15;
47,857
3,93:
7.6
42,617

94,643
52,036
55.0
48,194
50.9
153
48,041
3,842
7.4
42,607

94,723
52,172
55.1
48,333
51.0
154
48,179
3,839
7.4
42,551

94,803
52,408
55.3
48,608
51.3
154
48,454
3,800
7.3
42,395

94,895
52,832
55.7
49,031
51.7
155
48,876
3,801
7.2
42,063

94,981
52,808
55.6
49,189
51.8
154
49,035
3,619
6.9
42,173

95,065
52,935
55.7
49,337
51.9
156
49,181
3,598
6.8
42,130

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

36




Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1985
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1986
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

178,405 178,572 178,770 178,940 179,112 179,670 179,821 179,985 180,148 180,311 180,503 180,682 180,828
115,343 115,790 116,114 116,130 116,229 116,786 117,088 117,207 117,234 117,664 118,116 118,072 118,182
65.4
65.4
65.3
65.1
65.1
65.1
65.3
64.7
65.0
64.9
64.9
64.8
65.0
107,210 107,519 107,813 107,969 108,206 108,955 108,561 108,788 108,892 109,110 109,673 109,882 110,155
60.4
60.9
60.8
60.8
60.1
60.4
60.4
60.5
60.6
60.4
60.3
60.3
60.2
8,342 8,554 8,443 8,190
8,027
8,133
8,527 8,419
8,023 7,831
8,161
8,301
8,271
7.1
7.1
6.8
7.1
6.9
7.3
7.2
7.3
6.7
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.1

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

77,306
60,269
78.0
56,636
73.3
2,231
54,405
3,633
6.0
17,037

77,389
60,407
78.1
56,751
73.3
2,171
54,580
3,656
6.1
16,982

77,498
60,526
78.1
56,849
73.4
2,188
54,661
3,677
6.1
16,972

77,566
60,553
78.1
56,897
73.4
2,210
54,687
3,656
6.0
17,013

77,651
60,548
78.0
56,982
73.4
2,278
54,704
3,566
5.9
17,103

78,101
61,212
78.4
57,706
73.9
2,349
55,356
3,507
5.7
16,889

78,171
61,183
78.3
57,384
73.4
2,258
55,127
3,799
6.2
16,988

78,236
61,268
78.3
57,459
73.4
2,411
55,048
3,809
6.2
16,968

78,309
61,053
78.0
57,391
73.3
2,347
55,043
3,663
6.0
17,256

78,387
61,208
78.1
57,312
73.1
2,278
55,034
3,897
6.4
17,179

78,484
61,387
78.2
57,560
73.3
2,320
55,241
3,827
6.2
17,097

78,586
61,323
78.0
57,499
73.2
2,266
55,233
3,824
6.2
17,263

78,634
61,235
77.9
57,607
73.3
2,173
55,435
3,628
5.9
17,399

86,652
47,340
54.6
44,197
51.0
581
43,616
3,143
6.6
39,312

86,727
47,558
54.8
44,363
51.2
557
43,806
3,195
6.7
39,169

86,810
47,663
54.9
44,609
51.4
609
44,000
3,054
6.4
39,147

86,901
47,713
54.9
44,656
51.4
591
44,065
3,057
6.4
39,188

86,988
47,870
55.0
44,882
51.6
597
44,285
2,988
6.2
39,118

87,112
47,895
55.0
44,980
51.6
696
44,284
2,915
6.1
39,217

87,185
47,921
55.0
44,710
51.3
593
44,117
3,211
6.7
39,264

87,263
47,952
55.0
44,797
51.3
598
44,199
3,155
6.6
39,311

87,355
48,107
55.1
45,009
51.5
576
44,433
3,097
6.4
39,248

87,444
48,409
55.4
45,284
51.8
609
44,675
3,125
6.5
39,035

87,547
48,805
55.7
45,701
52.2
565
45,136
3,104
6.4
38,742

87,629
48,916
55.8
45,918
52.4
608
45,309
2,998
6.1
38,713

87,689
48,989
55.9
45,999
52.5
627
45,372
2,990
6.1
38,700

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,448 14,456 14,463 14,472 14,474 14,458 14,465 14,485 14,484 14,480 14,472 14,467 14,505
7,987 8,074 8,047 7,923 7,833 7,958
7,678 7,984
7,864 7,811
7,734 7,825 7,925
54.7
54.1
54.9
55.6
55.7
55.1
54.1
55.2
54.0
54.8
53.5
53.1
54.3
6,411
6,465
6,549
6,515
6,492
6,532
6,342
6,377 6,405 6,355 6,416
6,269 6,467
44.7
45.2
44.3
45.0
45.1
44.8
44.7
44.1
43.4
43.8
44.3
43.9
44.3
238
249
280
274
276
298
246
254
276
261
289
283
269
6,227 6,300
6,131
6,241
6,256 6,194
6,221
6,015
6,066
6,094 6,147
6,094 6,116
1,368
1,409
1,512
1,532
1,517
1,409
1,469
1,570
1,420
1,357
1,455
1,582
1,448
17.7
19.1
17.5
19.0
19.6
19.0
18.2
18.4
18.8
18.4
19.8
18.1
17.5
6,547
6,549 6,634
6,433
6,498 6,410
6,538 6,608 6,663 6,780 6,481
6,714
6,631

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1986

1985
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed '.
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

53,819 153,938 54,082 54,203 54,327 154,784 154,889 155,005 155,122 155,236 155,376 155,502 155,604
99,817 100,179 100,533 00,478 00,533 100,961 101,232 101,248 101,249 101,515 101,975 101,922 102,189
65.5
65.7
65.4
65.6
65.3
65.3
65.4
65.1
64.9
65.1
65.2
65.2
65.2
93,684 94,055 94,369 94,507 94,585 95,165 94,803 94,958 95,081 95,180 95,731 95,760 96,271
61.9
61.3
61.6
61.6
61.3
61.3
61.2
60.9
61.1
61.5
61.3
61.3
61.2
5,918
6,335 6,244 6,162
6,133
6,124
5,948 5,796 6,429 6,290 6,168
5,971
6,164
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.1
5.7
5.9
5.9
6.1
6.1

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

52,877 52,983 53,105 53,125 53,097 53,603 53,598 53,613 53,504 53,548 53,674 53,528 53,571
78.5
78.2
78.2
78.6
78.4
78.4
78.6
78.4
78.7
78.4
78.5
78.5
78.6
50,050 50,207 50,339 50,380 50,408 50,944 50,691 50,665 50,717 50,588 50,789 50,599 50,870
73.9
74.3
74.4
74.3
74.3
74.1
74.3
74.4
74.8
74.4
74.5
74.2
74.5
2,701
2,948
2,786 2,960
2,884 2,929
2,906
2,745 2,689
2,827 2,776
2,766
2,659
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.1
5.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

40,254 40,403 40,549 40,538 40,659 40,691 40,698 40,750 40,808 41,040 41,511 41,646 41,705
55.4
55.4
54.4
54.4
54.4
54.7
55.3
54.3
54.4
54.4
54.3
54.2
54.0
37,964 38,096 38,317 38,366 38,475 38,546 38,298 38,407 38,566 38,775 39,249 39,424 39,538
51.4
51.7
52.4
52.6
51.3
52.3
51.1
51.4
51.0
51.3
51.5
51.5
51.1
2,167
2,343 2,242 2,265
2,262
2,222
2,401
2,184
2,290
2,145
2,307 2,232 2,172
5.5
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.9
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,686
56.4
5,670
47.8
1,016
15.2
17.2
13.0

6,793
57.3
5,752
48.5
1,041
15.3
16.2
14.4

6,879
58.0
5,713
48.2
1,166
17.0
18.5
15.3

6,815
57.4
5,761
48.6
1,054
15.5
15.8
15.1

6,777
57.1
5,702
48.1
1,075
15.9
16.2
15.5

6,667
56.2
5,675
47.8
992
14.9
14.7
15.1

6,936
58.5
5,814
49.0
1,122
16.2
16.5
15.8

6,885
58.1
5,886
49.6
999
14.5
15.3
13.7

6,937
58.4
5,797
48.8
1,140
16.4
17.2
15.6

6,927
58.3
5,817
49.0
1,110
16.0
17.3
14.7

6,790
57.2
5,693
47.9
1,097
16.2
17.8
14.4

6,748
56.8
5,737
48.3
1,011
15.0
15.3
14.7

6,914
58.2
5,864
49.3
1,050
15.2
16.7
13.5

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

19,700 19,728 19,761 19,790 19,819 19,837 19,863 19,889 19,916 19,943 19,974 20,002 20,028
12,289 12,378 12,412 12,457 12,522 12,548 12,545 12,656 12,740 12,781 12,754 12,601 12,473
62.3
63.9
63.0
64.1
64.0
63.6
63.2
62.4
62.7
63.3
63.2
62.9
62.8
10,560 10,500 10,566 10,518 10,657 10,737 10,690 10,791 10,856 10,889 10,825 10,836 10,654
53.2
54.2
54.2
54.6
54.5
54.3
53.8
53.6
54.1
53.8
53.1
53.2
53.5
1,819
1,929
1,766
1,892
1,884
1,865
1,855
1,729
1,810
1,865
1,939
1,878
1,846
14.6
15.1
14.0
14.8
14.7
14.8
14.1
14.8
14.4
15.2
14.9
14.9
15.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,747
74.
5,062
65.3
685
11.9

5,788
74.6
5,019
64.7
769
13,

5,778
74.3
4,987
64.1
791
13.7

5,772
74.1
4,983
63.9
789
13.7

5,797
74.;
5,035
64.5
76i
13.1

5,887
75.1
5,14;
65.6
745
12.7

5,858
74.6
5,081
64.7
778
13.3

5,913
75.,
5,169
65.7
744
12.6

5,916
75.1
5,170
65.7
746
12.6

5,956
75.5
5,199
65.9
757
12.7

5,968
75.5
5,171
65.4
796
13.3

5,951
75.2
5,194
65.6
757
12.7

5,855
73.9
5,080
64.1
775
13.2

5,696
58.1
4,951
50.5
745
13.1

5,724
58.3
4,951
50.5
773
13.5

5,727
58.3
5,03;
51.,
695
12.1

5,810
59.0
5,017
50.9
793
13.6

5,835
59.;
5,10;
51.7
733
12.6

5,762
58.4
5,074
51.5
689
12.0

5,776
58.5
5,054
51.;
72;
12.5

5,791
58.5
5,087
51.4
704
12.

5,875
59.3
5,140
51.9
735
12.5

5,897
59.4
5,141
51.8
756
12.8

5,834
58.7
5,085
51.2
749
12.8

5,840
58.7
5,144
51.7
696
11.9

5,821
58.4
5,092
51.1
728
12.5

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

38




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1985
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1986
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

846
39.3
547
25.4
299
35.3
34.9
35.9

40.2
530
24.6
336
38.8
41.1
36.1

11,969
7,781
65.0
6,973
58.3
808
10.4

12,004
7,844
65.3
7,026
58.5
818
10.4

39.7
41.0
38.2

875
40.7
518
24.1
357
40.8
45.2
36.0

890
41.5
520
24.2
370
41.6
41.0
42.3

898
42.0
522
24.4
376
41.9
41.3
42.4

911
42.6
555
26.0
356
39.1
38.7
39.5

951
44.5
535
25.1
416
43.7
44.1
43.4

949
44.4
545
25.5
404
42.6
41.4
43.8

928
43.5
549
25.7
379
40.8
40.8
40.8

952
44.6
569
26.7
383
40.2
38.5
41.9

810
38.0
497
23.3
313
38.6
41.6
35.1

797
37.3
482
22.6
315
39.5
37.4
41.8

12,040
7,854
65.2
6,982
58.0
872
11.1

12,075
7,782
64.4
6,953
57.6
829
10.7

12,111
7,772
64.2
6,962
57.5
810
10.4

12,148
7,787
64.1
6,998
57.6
789
10.1

12,184
7,943
65.2
6,969
57.2
974
12.3

12,219
7,920
64.8
7,105
58.2
815
10.3

12,255
7,975
65.1
7,144
58.3
832
10.4

12,290
8,002
65.1
7,123
58.0
878
11.0

12,326
8,110
65.8
7,251
58.8
858
10.6

12,362
8,123
65.7
7,274
58.8
849
10.5

12,397
8,102
65.4
7,213
58.2
889
11.0

907
42.2
547
25.4

360 J

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1986

Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

CHARACTERISTIC

Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

107,210 107,519 107,813 107,969 108,206 108,955 108,561 108,788 108,892 109,110 109,673 109,882 110,155
39,142 39,103 39,272 39,314 39,278 39,615 39,382 39,365 39,555 39,614 39,626 39,611 39,716
26,392 26,531 26,702 26,721 26,804 26,958 26,593 26,656 26,802 26,920 27,427 27,523 27,438
5,826
5,829
5,668
5,718
5,812
5,771
5,702
5,605
5,514
5,627
5,733
5,693
5,556

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,456
1,444
176

1,438
1,414
179

1,465
1,436
172

1,537
1,361
158

95,791 96,546 96,530 96,676
16,075 16,145 16,213 16,157
79,716 80,401 80,317 80,519
1,271
1,197
1,295
1,266
78,421 79,135 79,046 79,322
7,991
7,874
8,013
7,846
248
303
249
266

1,572
1,409
164

1,673
1,492
163

1,519
1,444
156

1,689
1,453
172

1,587
1,475
180

96,921 97,911 97,516 97,698 97,831
16,194 16,418 16,104 16,095 16,187
80,727 81,494 81,412 81,604 81,643
1,213
1,197
1,131
1,321
1,256
79,596 80,238 80,216 80,390 80,322
7,644
7,571
7,655
7,903
7,669
240
253
273
250
270

1,486
1,427
171

1,469
1,379
178

97,994 98,372 98,206
16,325 16,387 16,647
81,669 81,984 81,559
1,243
1,275
1,279
80,394 80,705 80,317
7,757
8,081
7,807
229
254
235

98,667
16,479
82,188
1,261
80,927
7,982
282

5,537
2,434
2,810
14,268

5,399
2,484
2,624
13,991

5,443
2,411
2,711
14,023

5,320
5,673
2,308
2,523
2,724
2,790
13,191 13,779

5,191
2,323
2,579
13,656

5,259
2,286
2,660
13,683

1,480
1,486
186

1,498
1,504
154

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,680
2,480
2,835
13,622

5,554
2,433
2,815
13,496

5,475
2,251
2,897
13,713

5,498
2,306
2,883
13,645

5,494
2,303
2,864
13,556

5,543
2,364
2,883
13,958

5,377
2,369
2,703
13,817

5,538
2,330
2,953
13,754

5,923
5,980
2,659
2,603
2,974
2,893
13,933 13,638

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,413
2,319
2,740
13,179

5,299
2,292
2,730
13,053

5,241
2,115
2,801
13,277

5,295
2,196
2,784
13,194

5,294
2,195
2,760
13,122

5,275
2,208
2,776
13,441

5,158
2,224
2,636
13,369

5,301
2,159
2,861
13,285

5,621
2,430
2,849
13,599

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1986

Sex and age
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

107,210 107,519 107,813 107,969 108,206 108,955 108,561 108,788 108,892 109,110 109,673 109,882 110,155
20,270
6,377
2,489
3,857
13,893
86,919
72,623
14,305

20,351
6,405
2,487
3,930
13,946
87,157
72,945
14,231

20,307
6,355
2,458
3,913
13,952
87,477
73,164
14,336

20,308
6,416
2,487
3,910
13,892
87,665
73,384
14,297

20,303
6,342
2,466
3,887
13,961
87,877
73,668
14,248

20,235
6,269
2,460
3,857
13,966
88,684
74,373
14,360

20,501
6,467
2,557
3,920
14,034
88,007
73,922
14,085

20,512
6,532
2,685
3,889
13,980
88,315
74,079
14,151

20,309
6,492
2,649
3,828
13,817
88,639
74,364
14,250

20,213
6,515
2,626
3,876
13,698
88,876
74,428
14,379

20,242
6,411
2,614
3,818
13,831
89,428
74,882
14,567

20,244
6,465
2,593
3,807
13,779
89,721
75,252
14,493

20,302
6,549
2,569
3,940
13,753
89,873
75,396
14,467

59,936 60,049 60,105 60,179 60,244 60,919 60,704 60,748 60,713 60,657 60,797 60,847 60,974
10,604 10,632 10,543 10,590 10,584 10,635 10,766 10,701 10,585 10,492 10,463 10,602 10,570
3,300 3,298 3,256 3,282 3,262 3,214 3,320 3,288 3,322 3,345 3,236 3,348 3,367
1,284 1,307 1,280 1,308 1,289 1,249
1,323 1,372 1,368 1,380 1,350 1,357 1,305
1,984 1,996 2,018
1,988 2,008
1,993 1,957
1,955
1,929 1,956
1,895 1,970 2,023
7,304 7,334 7,287 7,308 7,322 7,421
7,446 7,413 7,262 7,147 7,227 7,255 7,203
49,323 49,398 49,532 49,596 49,636 50,296 49,905 50,058 50,216 50,165 50,289 50,284 50,410
40,844 40,971 41,081 41,144 41,244 41,786 41,588 41,642 41,751 41,648 41,835 41,863 42,037
8,475 8,459 8,483 8,461 8,424 8,522 8,326 8,361 8,436 8,501
8,462 8,408 8,339
47,274 47,470 47,708 47,790 47,962 48,035 47,857 48,041 48,179 48,454 48,876 49,035 49,181
9,666 9,719 9,764 9,718 9,719 9,599 9,736 9,810 9,724 9,721
9,779 9,642 9,732
3,077 3,107 3,099 3,134 3,080 3,055 3,147 3,244 3,170 3,170 3,175 3,117
3,182
1,205 1,180 1,178 1,179 1,177 1,211 1,234
1,264
1,236
1,313 1,281 1,246 1,264
1,922 1,920 1,953 1,903 1,861 1,902
1,960 1,872 1,921 1,923 1,837 1,917
1,8
6,589 6,612 6,665 6,584 6,639 6,545 6,589 6,567 6,555 6,552 6,604 6,524 6,550
37,596 37,759 37,945 38,069 38,241 38,388 38,102 38,257 38,423 38,711 39,139 39,437 39,463
31,779 31,974 32,083 32,240 32,424 32,587 32,334 32,437 32,613 32,780 33,047 33,389 33,359
5,878 6,104 6,086 6,129
5,830 5,772 5,853 5,836 5,824 5,838 5,760 5,789 5,814

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1986

1985
Sex and age
Aug.
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

40




Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

8,133

8,271

8,301

8,161

8,023

7,831

8,527

8,419

8,342

8,554

8,443

8,190

8,027

3,041
1,357
586
777
1,684
5,077
4,480
615

3,132
1,420
632
786
1,712
5,176
4,522
604

3,274
1,570
721
846
1,704
5,004
4,402
589

3,170
1,448
678
795
1,722
4,987
4,384
570

3,123
1,469
660
822
1,654
4,890
4,301
573

3,030
1,409
650
754
1,621
4,808
4,248
576

3,222
1,517
711
813
1,705
5,309
4,666
650

3,109
1,455
645
801
1,654
5,300
4,671
638

3,266
1,582
698
894
1,684
5,101
4,557
576

3,339
1,532
702
824
1,807
5,188
4,672
545

3,172
1,512
680
830
1,660
5,303
4,728
560

3,036
1,368
625
711
1,668
5,153
4,615
573

2,971
1,409
627
785
1,562
5,059
4,496
554

4,435

4,445

4,571

4,445

4,346

4,221

4,595

4,577

4,503

4,754

4,642

4,571

4,429

1,696
802
360
440
894
2,744
2,405
338

1,696
789
341
450
907
2,779
2,393
352

1,800
894
405
494
906
2,761
2,381
361

1,710
789
345
449
921
2,736
2,359
353

1,649
780
355
435
869
2,694
2,339
339

1,568
714
331
387
854
2,660
2,330
345

1,688
796
399
403
892
2,909
2,533
386

1,683
768
342
418
915
2,886
2,508
373

1,792
840
367
480
952
2,733
2,415
344

1,850
857
380
478
993
2,865
2,553
335

1,705
815
325
487
890
2,945
2,590
362

1,658
747
340
378
911
2,908
2,592
344

1,626
801
347
447
825
2,803
2,440
355

3,698

3,826

3,730

3,716

3,677

3,610

3,932

3,842

3,839

3,800

3,801

3,619

3,598

1,345
555
226
337
790
2,333
2,075
277

1,436
631
291
336
805
2,397
2,129
252

1,474
676
316
352
798
2,243
2,021
228

1,460
659
333
346
801
2,251
2,025
217

1,474
689
305
387
785
2,196
1,962
234

1,462
695
319
367
767
2,148
1,918
231

1,534
721
312
410
813
2,400
2,133
264

1,427
687
303
383
740
2,414
2,163
264

1,473
742
331
414
731
2,368
2,143
23i

1,489
675
322
346
814
2,322
2,119
209

1,467
697
355
343
770
2,358
2,138
198

1,378
621
285
333
757
2,246
2,023
229

1,344
608
280
338
736
2,256
2,056
199

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1986

1985
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

13.0

16.8
10.8
5.5
5.8
4.1

13.3
18.1
20.3
16.7
10.9
5.6
5.8
4.1

13.9
19.8
22.7
17.8

6.9

6.9

13.8
19.6

13.8
19.3
20.7
18.3

17.5
19.1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

6.7

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.3

7.1

6.9

6.8

13.0
18.4

13.6
19.0
21.8
17.2
10.8
5.7

13.2
18.2

13.9

14.2
19.0
21.1

13.5
19.1
20.6

5.9
4.4

5.9
4.3

11.7
5.5

17.9
10.7
5.6

3.9

5.9
3.6

5.9
3.7

7.0

6.9

7.3

7.1

7.0

6.8

13.6

15.0
20.4

14.0

13.5

20.1

11.0
5.5
5.7
4.3

14.5
20.2
21.2
19.7
11.6
5.2
5.5
3.9

18.2
20.0
16.1
11.2
5.5
5.8

3.9

11.0
5.4
5.6
3.8

7.1

6.9

6.7

6.5

7.0

14.6

13.9

13.5

21.5
24.0
19.9
11.1
5.3
5.5

19.3
21.6
18.0

12.8
18.2
20.9

13.6
19.3
23.2
16.6

18.9
20.0
17.8

16.9

10.9
5.4
5.7

20.9
16.4
10.4

5.1
5.4
3.9

19.4
17.1
10.6
5.7

19.6
20.9
18.9
10.9
5.4
5.8

17.5

12.2
5.4
5.8
3.8

11.0
5.5
5.8
4.1

3.9

7.3

7.2

6.9

6.8
12.1
16.0
18.1

15.3

15.0
10.1
5.4
5.8
3.1

4.1

3.9

3.9

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.6

7.4

7.4

12.2
15.3
15.8
15.3
10.7
5.8

12.9
16.9
19.8
14.9
10.9
6.0
6.2
4.2

13.1
17.9

13.1

13.2
18.3
20.6

13.2
18.5
20.8

12.7
17.5
18.8

13.2

13.3

13.0

18.0
21.9

12.5
16.6
18.7

16.5

19.0
20.5
18.1
10.0
5.8
6.2

17.6
20.5

16.9
10.6
5.4
5.7
3.9

13.6
18.6
20.2
17.7
11.0
5.9
6.2
4.4

15.3
11.1
5.7
6.1
3.4

15.1
10.4
5.7
6.1
3.1

10.4
5.4
5.7
3.6

6.1
4.5

21.2
15.5

15.1

10.7
5.6

10.8
5.6

5.9
3.7

5.9
3.6

10.5
5.3
5.6
3.8

16.3
10.1

5.9
6.3
4.4

3.8

16.6
10.2
5.3
5.6
3.7

19.6

7.5

17.4
22.0

19.6

13.3
19.2
21.0
18.1
10.3
5.3
5.5
4.1

7.3

5.1
5.4

16.2
10.3
5.0
5.3

10.6

17.7

19.4
20.4

10.7
5.5
5.7
4.4

11.0
5.3
5.5
4.0

12.8

13.0
17.5
19.4
15.7
10.8
5.4
5.8
3.8

13.3
18.8
21.1
17.5
10.6
5.3
5.5
3.9

18.4
21.4

19.4
20.9
18.7
11.2
5.2
5.4
4.0

21.9
18.1
10.9
5.3
5.6
3.8

Women, 16 years and over

13.5

Dec.

21.6

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)

1985

1986

Category
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

7.1
6.0
6.6

7.1
6.1
6.7
18.1

7.1
6.1
6.4
19.8

7.0
6.0
6.4
18.4

6.9
5.9
6.2
18.8

6.7
5.7
6.1
18.4

7.3
6.2
6.7
19.0

7.2
6.2
6.6
18.2

7.1
6.0
6.4
19.6

7.3
6.4
6.5
19.0

7.1
6.2
6.4
19.1

6.9
6.2
6.1
17.5

6.8
5.9
6.1
17.7

6.1
13.7
15.2
10.4

6.1
13.5
14.9
11.1

5.9
14.1
15.6
10.7

5.9
13.4
14.9
10.4

5.7
12.8
14.4
10.1

6.4
13.3
14.8
12.3

6.2
13.3
14.7
10.3

6.1
13.6
14.8
10.4

6.2
13.6
14.8
11.0

6.1
13.7
15.1
10.6

6.0
12.6
14.0
10.5

5.8
13.1
14.6
11.0

4.2
5.3
10.4

4.3
5.5
10.0

4.3
5.3
9.4

4.3
5.1
9.9

4.5
5.5
9.9

4.5
5.6
10.1

4.2
5.3
9.4

4.5
5.4
10.2

4.5
5.2
10.1

4.4
5.3
9.2

4.1
5.1
10.3

6.6
9.0
1.9
7.8

6.4
8.4
1.8
7.6

6.9
9.4
2.0
8.1

6.9
9.1
1.9
8.1

6.7
9.6
1.8
8.1

7.0
9.2
1.9
8.3

6.7
9.1
2.0
8.1

6.6
9.0
1.9
7.7

6.4
9.3
1.9
7.7

6.9

6.7
10.9
12.9
7.0
7.0

7.2
9.2

7.2
10.4
13.0
7.2
6.8
7.7
6.1
7.6
5.7
11.9

7.3
13.7
13.3
7.5
7.3
7.7
5.3

7.1
17.6

13.2
7.2
7.4
7.0
5.3
7.8
5.9
14.3

7.2
12.8
12.0
6.8
6.8
6.8

7.2
17.0
13.2
6.9
6.7
7.2
6.1

6.9
16.7
12.2
6.8
6.9
6.7
4.6
7.4
5.7
13.8

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other

17.5
6.1
12.8

Black
10.4

Hispanic origin

4.1
5.4

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

10.8

4.3
5.6
11.3

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

6.8
9.0
2.0
8.1

6.8
9.3
2.0
8.1

6.8
9.6
2.0
7.9

6.7
8.8
1.9
7.9

7.1
8.6
13.1
7.8
7.9
7.6
4.5
7.7
5.5
14.0

7.2
8.9
13.6
7.7
7.7
7.8
5.3
7.8
5.5
13.3

7.1
7.7
13.5
7.5
7.3
7.8
5.1
7.7
5.4
12.9

7.0
7.3
13.4
7.7
7.6
7.8
5.1
7.5
5.4
12.5

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




10.3

12.6
7.3
7.3
7.3
5.0
7.6
5.3
10.6

7.1
4.3
7.2
5.2
10.9

5.6
8.1
5.9

13.4

8.1
5.5
15.8

12.1
7.3
7.1
7.5
5.5
7.7
5.4
13.2

7.8
5.7
11.6

for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1986

1985
Weeks of unemployment
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

3,422
2,508
2,274
1,047
1,227

3,484
2,505
2,307
1,035
1,272

3,430
2,536
2,277
1,057
1,220

3,465
2,448
2,205
894
1,311

3,374
2,460
2,188
973
1.215

3,311
2,441
2,056
969
1,087

3,562
2,622
2,340
1,149
1,191

3,589
2,640
2,258
1,099
1,159

3,628
2,685
2,135
1,001
1,134

3,705
2,737
2,209
1,072
1,137

3,384
2,708
2,320
1,036
1,284

3,394
2,486
2,256
1,066
1,190

3,427
2,379
2,295
1,086
1,209

15.5
7.2

15.5
6.9

15.4
7.0

15.7
6.9

15.4
6.9

14.9
6.8

15.3
6.9

14.4
6.8

14.3
6.5

14.4
6.6

15.2
7.3

15.0
7.1

15.8
7.2

100.0
41.7
30.6
27 7
12.8
15.0

100.0
42.0
30.2
27 8
12.5
15.3

100.0
41.6
30.8
27.6
12.8
14.8

100.0
42.7
30.2
27.2
11.0
16.1

100.0
42.1
30.7
27.3
12.1
15.1

100.0
42.4
31.3
26.3
12.4
13.9

100.0
41.8
30.8
27.5
13.5
14.0

100.0
42.3
31.1
26.6
13.0
13.7

100.0
42.9
31.8
25.3
11.9
13.4

100.0
42.8
31.6
25.5
12.4
13.1

100.0
40.2
32.2
27.6
12.3
15.3

100.0
41.7
30.6
27.7
13.1
14.6

100.0
42.3
29.4
28.3
13.4
14.9

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1985

1986

Reasons for unemployment
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

4,144
1,112
3,032
875
2,191
941

4,142
1,167
2,975
852
2,335
918

4,040
1,161
2,879
911
2,237
1,045

4,081
1,175
2,906
808
2,226
1,055

3,933
1,132
2,801
876
2,225
1,033

3,776
1,163
2,613
996
2,066
1,025

4,162
1,152
3,010
1,001
2,292
1,097

4,246
1,164
3,082
1,002
2,197
1,000

4,034
1,028
3,006
1,110
2,191
1,059

4,311
1,133
3,178
975
2,217
1,062

4,335
1,066
3,269
1,013
2,064
1,059

3,937
1,079
2,858
1,034
2,223
965

3,831
990
2,841
978
2,232
1,000

100.0
50.8
13.6
37.2
10.7
26.9
11.5

100.0
50.2
14.2
36.1
10.3
28.3
11.1

100.0
49.1
14.1
35.0
11.1
27.2
12.7

100.0
50.0
14.4
35.6
9.9
27.2
12.9

100.0
48.8
14.0
34.7
10.9
27.6
12.8

100.0
48.0
14.8
33.2
12.7
26.3
13.0

100.0
48.7
13.5
35.2
11.7
26.8
12.8

100.0
50.3
13.8
36.5
11.9
26.0
11.8

100.0
48.1
12.2
35.8
13.2
26.1
12.6

100.0
50.3
13.2
37.1
11.4
25.9
12.4

100.0
51.2
12.6
38.6
12.0
24.4
12.5

100.0
48.3
13.2
35.0
12.7
27.2
11.8

100.0
47.6
12.3
35.3
12.2
27.8
12.4

3.6
.8
1.9
.8

3.6
.7
2.0
.8

3.5
.8
1.9
.9

3.5
.7
1.9
.9

3.4
.8
1.9
.9

3.2
.9
1.8
.9

3.6
.9
2.0
.9

3.6
.9
1.9
.9

3.4
.9
1.9
.9

3.7
.8
1.9
.9

3.7
.9
1.7
.9

3.3
.9
1.9
.8

3.2
.8
1.9
.8

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

42




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by major Industry, 1934 to date
(In thousands)
Service-producing

Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Manufacturing

Total

8,501
9,069
9,827
10,794
9,440
10,278

15,679
16,146
17,135
18,075
17,793
18,306

2,750
2,786
2,973
3,134
2,863
2,936

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

01

()
0

Annual averages

0)1
()
V)
V)

1,304
1,320
1.373
1,417
1,410
1,447

3,045
3,128
3,312
3,503
3,458
3,502

652
753
826
833
829
905

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

()
0
0)
(1)
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

4,004
3,903
3.906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1.536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3.772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,684

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,242

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,740

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,360

5,160
5,298
5.341
5,468
5,689
5,953

17.890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
21,974

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,848

9,765
9,619
9,458
9,434
9,482
9,692

....
....
....
....
....
....

25,940
27,039
29,068
31,011
29,194
30,603

22,641
23,558
25,400
27,255
25,311
26,608

10,261
10.893
11,933
12.936
11,401
12.297

897
946
1,015
891
854

877
927
1,160
1,127
1,070
1.165

1940 ....
1941 ....
1942 ....
1943 ....
1944 ....
1945 ....
1946 ....
1947 ....
1948 ....
1949 ....

32,361
36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,666
43,754

28,159
31,877
34,624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

13,221
15,963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

1950 ....
1951 ....
1952 ....
1953 ....
1954 ....
1955 ....
1956 ....
1957 ....
1958 ....
19592 ...

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268

39.170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929

791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2.839
3.039
2.962
2,817
3,004

15.241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

1960 ....
1961 ....
1962 ....
1963 ....
1964 ....
1965 ....
1966 ....
1967 ....
1968 ....
1969 ....

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16.853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

1970 ....
1971 ....
1972 ....
1973 ....
1974 ....
1975 ....
1976 ....
1977 ....
1978 ....
1979 ...

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

1980 ....
1981 ....
1982 ....
1983 ...
1984 ...
1985 ....

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94,496
97,614

74,166
75,126
73,729
74,330
78,472
81,199

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,930

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
930

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,687

20,235
20,170
18,781
18,434
19,378
19,314

1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939

0

0)
0)1
()
0)
0)
0)

()
O
0)
0)

()

V)1
()
0)1
(1)
()
O
1

0)

()
0)
0)1
()
0)1
()
V)
01
()
0)1
0

o
01

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1985:
August
September
October ....
November
December.
1986:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July*
August?
1

97,890
98,128
98,428
98,666
98,910

81,428
81.592
81,853
82,073
82,281

24,880
24,843
24,903
24,931
24,977

922
917
913
907
901

4,702
4,728
4,754
4,765
4,787

19,256
19,198
19,236
19,259
19,289

73,010
73,285
73,525
73.735
73.933

5,219
5,257
5,260
5,272
5,277

5,762
5,777
5,796
5,796
5,809

17,464
17,489
17,543
17,589
17,622

5,988
6,014
6,038
6,070
6,095

22,115
22,212
22,313
22,415
22,501

2,886
2,899
2,895
2,904
2,913

3,855
3,878
3,895
3,901
3,904

9,721
9,759
9,785
9,788
9,812

99,296
99,429
99,484
99,783
99,918
99,843
100,122
100,324

82,659
82,748
82,785
83,072
83,198
83,161
83,502
83,676

25,101
25,038
24,945
25,038
24,965
24,854
24,861
24,923

897
880
852
821
790
772
764
752

4,901
4,864
4,838
4,972
4,974
4,947
4,981
5,036

19,303
19,294
19,255
19,245
19,201
19,135
19,116
19,135

74,195
74,391
74,539
74,745
74,953
74,989
75,261
75,401

5,286
5,277
5,280
5,266
5,265
5,167
5,276
5,236

5,830
5,843
5,841
5,864
5,872
5,829
5,851
5,866

17,734
17,795
17,828
17,851
17,911
17,944
17,997
18,027

6.123
6,157
6,184
6,228
6,261
6,295
6,335
6,376

22,585
22,638
22,707
22,825
22,924
23,072
23,182
23,248

2,918
2,918
2,923
2,914
2,899
2,875
2,868
2,878

3,916
3,924
3,927
3,938
3,936
3,927
3,932
3,943

9,803
9,839
9,849
9,859
9,885
9,880
9,820
9,827

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
p
= preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1985
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1985) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1982) are subject to revision.

43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Mining.

July
1986P

663

540

536

12.0

33.8
6.8
9.6

34.0
8.0
9.5

31.8
7.4
9.2

31.9
7.5
9.2

155.5
153.1

153.7
152.1

144.1
142.3

143.8
141.9

386.8
121.2
265.6

386.1
121.6
264.5

275.5
110.9
164.6

272.4
109.8
162.6

89.7
33.0

89.3
33.0

88.2
32.6

88.2
32.4

3,937

3,995

4,072

4,193

933

779

772

46.4
9.4

42.9
9.5

43.2
9.7

13.3

46.3
10.5
13.2

12.1

10

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

189.9
187.2

187.4
185.5

176.6
174.3

176.2
173.9

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

585.0
260.0
325.0

583.3
259.9
323.4

445.1
234.7
210.4

437.5
229.8
207.7

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals...

116.8
40.4
36.9
20.3

116.1
40.4
36.6
19.9

114.5
40.2
36.2
19.1

115.0
40.1
36.4
19.7

4,968

5,032

5,155

5,290

101
102

14
142
144
147

Construction.
General building contractors
Residential building construction ......
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway.

161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Aug.
1986P

846.5
306.6
539.9

859.4
309.9
549.5

24
241
242
2421
2426
243

2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

431.1

5,389

829.6
319.9
509.7

838.9
329.2
509.7

705.3
263.4
441.9

531

4,288

19,366 19,259

717.3
86.9
199.6
165.6
30.6
236.8
93.3
61.0
22.5
37.7
42.6
75.9
54.1
75.5

725.8
87.6
200.9
166.1
31.
242.1
94.9
63.i
23.;
38.1
42.3
76.2
53.8
76.

718.4
266.0
452.4

699.0
273.4
425.6

708.5
282.4
426.1

2,224.1 2,258.1 2,365.1 2,449.7
468.7 470.0 481.3 495.1
163.4
151.5
150.9
150.6
385.2 392.6 411.4 423.5
390.0 398.8 424.4 439.4
149.2
129.6
142.8
127.5
184.7
175.9
175.2
171.7

2,794.8 2,830.3 2,975.8 3,068.8
631.8 631.5 652.5 668.6
180.8
180.9
192.5
178.9
507.5
531.1
543.5
499.0
493.6 511.6
451.9 461.5
169.
185.0
191.5
167.5
213.6 215.8
225.8
209.1

11,447 11,471

Durable goods.

761

1,327.0 1,342.7 1,349.3 1,381.9 1,393.8 1,007.2 1,018.5 1,008.3 1,035.0
490.4 492.3 501.7 511.6
684.6 699.3
661.8 664.7
32.9
33.8
33.1
33.9
62.7
60.1
60.5
61.9
490.5
482.9 492.4 473.5
615.3 604.6 622.1
603.3

19,204

Manufacturing ....




June
1986

666

938

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores.

44

Aug.
1985

81,841 82,241 83,985 84,164 84,518 66,165 66,544 67,976 68,098 68,422

Total private.

See footnotes at end of table.

July
1985

97,531 97,782 00,752 00,016 00,232

Total.

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members ,
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
;
Miscellaneous wood products

Aug.
1986P

19,056 19,249

12,986 13,153

13,076 12,872 13,065

11,384

11,258

11,295

7,567

7,595

7,524

7,392

7,431

739.3
82.8
200.4

739.8
85.9
196.;
161.6
31.1

751.1

604.2
70.5
177.0
147.3
26.8
197.8
76.0
49.8
19.6
34.7
36.3
59.3
44.;
63.3

612.6
71.8
178.1
147.6
27.4
202.9
77.4
51.9
20.4
35.;
35.8
59.8
44.1
64.,

623.0
70.0
177.8
147.0
27.7
218.5
83.1
56.2
22.0
37.8
37.0
55,
40.3
64.3

623.1
73.5

635.2

165.4
31.4
262.5

102.3
69.1
25.1
41.;
43.4
72.4
50.;
77.8

265.1
103.9
70.1
24.4
41.5
43.7
72.0
49.;
76.9

173.4
143.1
27.3
220.8
84.6
57.0
21.;
38.;
37.;
54.
39.1
63.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

479.2
281.8
126.7
87.3
25.4
28.8
65.4
26.7
68.7
36.6

492.6
291.2
131.1
91.5
24.7
29.7
66.9
26.6
69.3
38.6

494.6
293.5
131.6
92.2
28.9
28.3
66.6
26.2
70.3
38.0

484.7
283.5
126.6
90.9
25.9
28.0
66.9
26.3
70.5
37.5

494.9
_
_
_

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

601.6
15.3
89.7
47.7
42.0
50.5
23.9
38.8
36.0
219.6
20.0
72.9
106.4
116.1
21.1
10.8
27.7

606.3
15.4
91.6
47.6
44.0
51.6
23.7
38.9
36.4
220.7
19.9
73.3
107.0
115.9
21.1
10.6
27.6

610.1
15.0
94.0
48.6
45.4
53.8
23.1
38.6
35.3
224.6
20.4
73.1
109.9
113.7
20.2
10.4
27.5

604.6
14.8
91.4
48.5
42.9
53.9
23.1
37.6
35.1
224.5
20.4
72.6
110.2
112,6
19.9
10.0
27.5

609.4
-

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

803.1
307.9
240.9
24.3
138.8
87.2
9.4
28.8
45.0
24.6
184.2
23.7
30.6
76.8
84.1
52.4

796.6
294.2
228.2
23.7
141.9
89.3
10.0
29.0
44.1
24.5
188.1
23.9
31.4
79.7
84.8
52.6

769.5
291.7
226.2
22.1
137.3
85.8
9.9
27.8
36.4
18.7
177.4
23.8
25.8
77.7
83.8
51.6

751.7
285.8
221.7
21.8
130.7
81.1
8.7
27.3
36.2
18.8
178.0
23.6
27.3
77.1
79.4
49.7

732.0
261.5
-

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

•

_

_

_

_

_

_

-

_

_

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

379.8
234.1
109.9
71.1
20.2
21.7
49.9
20.3
50.4
25.1

392.7
242.8
114.1
74.7
19.5
22.6
51.5
20.4
51.2
26.8

395.7
246.3
114.8
76.0
23.3
21.7
51.8
20.0
51.4
26.2

385.6
236.5
109.7
75.1
20.4
21.4
52.3
20.0
51.1
25.7

396.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

462.6
12.0
76.0
42.6
33.4
35.0
18.8
30.1
28.0
172.5
13.7
56.1
86.7
81.0
13.6
8.2
-

467.2
12.1
78.0
42.4
35.6
36.2
18.6
30.3
28.6
173.2
13.7
56.5
87.1
80.6
13.6
8.0
-

472.4
11.8
80.3
43.8
36.5
37.9
18.1
30.1
27.6
175.9
13.7
56.2
89.6
81.2
13.3
7.9
-

467.6
11.6
77.8
43.5
34.3
38.2
18.2
29.3
27.6
175.7
13.6
55.7
89.9
80.2
13.2
7.5
-

471.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

604.5
234.9
185.7
17.9
108.9
70.5
6.7
21.5
32.3
18.4
129.3
17.9
21.5
54.9
67.3
42.6

600.9
224.5
176.6
17.4
111.7
72.6
7.1
21.8
31.7
18.3
132.6
18.1
22.4
56.8
68.3
43.0

580.8
225.0
176.8
15.9
108.0
70.1
7.0
20.5
24.7
12.6
124.1
18.4
17.9
54.1
67.1
42.1

562.7
220.4
173.1
15.8
101.6
65.4
6.3
19.7
23.6
11.8
123.1
18.3
19.2
52.4
63.3
40.3

543.7
196.2
_
_
_
2.
-

1,451.9 1,464.1 1,447.0 1,415.7 1,433.5 1,069.6 1,081.7 1,069.7 1,040.6 1,057.1
59.0
59.4
59.1
59.4
50.7
50.5
50.9
50.4
_
47.6
47.2
41.4
41.4
41.3
47.5
47.5
41.6
142.6
102.8
104.5
100.3
137.8
139.6
141.9
104.8
46.5
47.3
48.0
34.5
35.3
34.9
33.7
48.2
_
80.5
60.5
60.7
57.8
78.1
81.0
60.6
80.7
63.4
64.0
65.4
46.4
45.1
46.7
44.5
65.5
_
25.0
18.4
18.0
24.5
24.6
25.3
17.8
18.0
28.7
28.7
19.2
20.3
19.5
29.0
19.7
29.8
313.7
444.8 446.3 438.5 437.0
309.4 307.8
311.5
_
_
78.8
56.6
52.4
74.0
52.6
56.1
74.3
78.8
_
_
68.7
95.9
90.5
95.4
67.4
71.7
72.1
92.0
_
_
57.1
100.9
100.4
92.9
94.6
62.9
59.0
62.8
_
_
109.7
109.5
111.3
112.4
83.0
81.3
82.0
81.3
28.7
27.8
19.9
20.9
28.9
28.5
21.3
20.8

See footnotes at end of table.




45

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

45
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ...,
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment ....
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,169.5 2,152.8 2,099.7 2,074.6 2,068.9 1,294.3 1,283.8 1,255.8 1,231.1 1,227.6
95.4
99.2
96.7
_
_
58.8
63.2
60.8
102.3
60.2
17.1
17.1
16.9
16.8
32.1
32.9
32.6
31.9
_
_
69.4
41.7
66.6
64.8
43.1
46.3
44.0
63.3
_
_
93.7
65.1
61.8
60.8
62.9
92.2
95.2
91.9
74.7
_
_
72.8
70.5
46.2
44.3
48.8
47.2
68.5
155.0 154.7 140.2 137.3
252.5 251.8 229.6 225.5
_
_
86.7
86.4
51.4
81.8
83.9
50.5
52.6
52.7
_
13.1
18.6
20.8
20.3
18.8
11.8
11.7
12.7
_
_
45.1
66.1
65.0
27.9
26.6
41.9
40.8
46.5
16.4
29.3
29.6
_
16.3
15.7
15.9
30.9
30.8
_
25.4
17.7
17.6
16.5
24.8
25.1
25.0
16.8
307.0 308.4 308.4 302.1
217.9 219.9 220.2 214.2
_
54.1
33.1
32.4
54.4
33.9
34.0
51.8
52.5
_
18.7
18.9
18.6
11.3
11.0
11.6
11.3
18.3
107.7 109.2 112.5 109.9
139.6
140.8 145.5 142.6
_
38.3
36.9
38.4
38.5
53.3
54.6
55.2
55.0
15.0
14.3
15.2
15.9
20.0
20.6
21.5
22.2
_
95.7
99.4
161.7 159.7
166.6
167.3
93.5
98.6
_
23.4
38.3
22.9
23.0
23.3
38.3
38.8
38.1
11.4
17.8
17.9
18.4
12.1
11.8
12.3
17.2
16.8
16.5
17.1
17.0
28.4
28.6
29.7
29.7
171.7 170.5 168.0 163.9
_
270.2 268.4 264.2 260.3
_
28.3
26.6
29.9
30.1
46.5
47.9
51.2
51.2
34.6
33.6
35.2
34.7
45.2
46.4
46.8
46.3
13.7
13.5
14.3
14.3
24.1
24.1
24.9
24.7
20.2
20.1
19.8
19.6
31.7
32.0
32.1
31.8
14.3
14.5
14.2
14.0
20.9
20.5
20.8
20.5
10.6
10.5
11.3
15.7
16.4
11.5
16.8
15.8
165.9
185.5 182.7 166.9
513.8 509.2 483.6 483.3
136.8
135.9
151.9
155.1
421.5 421.4
452.0 446.1
121.9
119.5
121.2 113.3
171.4
174.1
165.3
173.3
_
89.7
88.3
81.1
88.1
124.2 116.2 124.5
123.6
_
220.4 219.6 217.6 216.2
290.8 289.5 287.0 285.0
_
29.6
28.6
29.9
29.1
37.1
36.4
36.2
34.8
253.7 253.1
188.0 187.6
190.5 190.5
250.8 250.2

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,187.6 2,195.2 2,151.4 2,160.2 2,164.9 1,278.3 1,284.0 1,226.1 1,231.7 1,238.6
84.2
84.2
82.0
82.9
115.1
115.9 116.5 115.9
40.0
_
37.6
38.6
40.1
53.8
_
53.1
53.6
54.2
_
_
62.0
44.4
44.1
62.3
62.1
44.2
44.3
62.3
_
198.0
196.3 198.8 197.3
138.5 137.4 139.0 137.4
_
_
99.0
77.2
76.4
76.5
99.8
99.0
97.8
75.8
_
_
37.1
62.2
61.8
36.6
37.0
37.0
62.6
62.1
_
_
133.4
103.5
106.5 105.6 104.2
136.2
135.2 134.7
21.8
22.1
_
20.7
27.4
27.8
26.4
25.6
19.9
_
_
21.4
22.0
21.7
17.2
17.1
16.6
16.9
22.3
37.2
26.4
25.9
28.1
29.2
35.3
38.0
35.2
-

See footnotes at end of table.

46



95.3
45.0
50.3
240.9
34.7
103.1
92.6
107.7
71.0
36.7
79.5
42.2
220.7
86.0
49.7

96.6
45.6
51.0
240.3
34.8
101.5
93.5
111.0
74.2
36.8
79.7
42.7
223.7
86.2
51.3

96.6
45.3
51.3
237.1
33.0
101.8
91.9
112.9
75.0
37.9
79.1
44.7
215.4
81.8
51.5

93.6
43.5
50.1
227.4
31.7
97.4
87.8
108.5
71.4
37.1
78.9
44.6
210.1
80.3
50.3

_
_

_
_
_

72.6
36.3
36.3
192.3
26.3
88.2
70.2
85.5
57.2
28.3
51.3
27.0
157.8
57.7
37.1

73.8
37.0
36.8
191.7
26.4
86.5
71.3
88.7
60.2
28.5
51.0
27.1
161.1
58.1
38.8

73.3
36.6
36.7
190.1
25.2
86.9
70.4
90.5
60.6
29.9
49.9
27.7
154.4
53.6
39.0

70.7
35.1
35.6
180.7
24.0
82.5
66.6
86.1
57.0
29.1
49.9
28.1
150.2
52.8
38.0

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers

All employees
July
1985

191.1
27.8
78.6
17.1
24.4
82.6
65.0
661.2
144.0
517.2
656.5
43.0
278.7
264.2
149.7
26.1
64.2

Aug.
1985

194.8
27.8
79.2
17.5
26.1
83.1
65.2
661.9
141.2
520.7
654.6
42.8
277.1
262.6
152.4
28.3
63.8

June
1986

192.8
27.7
79.0
17.4
25.1
79.0
62.6
639.9
100.5
539.4
639.8
42.4
269.0
258.8
149.4
28.0
63.5

July
1986P

190.8
27.5
77.3
17.2
25.6
78.1
62.3
663.3
123.4
539.9
633.6
41.6
269.1
255.3
146.5
26.5
62.9

Aug.
1986P

-

_

-

July
1985

136.6
23.9
50.5
12.2
18.0
56.4
43.8
292.3
91.9
200.4
365.0
25.9
106.0
181.6
104.0
20.1
48.8

Aug.
1985

140.5
23.9
51.1
12.6
19.8
57.5
44.7
289.4
88.4
201.0
363.3
25.5
104.5
180.9
106.5
22.4
48.1

June
1986

138.5
23.5
51.6
12.3
18.7
53.9
42.7
253.3
51.5
201.8
348.9
25.4
98.9
172.5
102.7
21.9
47.2

July
1986P

136.4
23.3
50.2
12.0
19.2
52.7
42.1
273.5
73.0
200.5
343.1
24.8
99.1
169.4
100.2
20.3
46.8

Aug.
1986P

_
_
_
_

_
_
-

1,955.3 1,941.8 1,981.7 1,959.4 1,949.3 1,228.0 1,211.7 1,240.2 1,208.0 1,195.5
667.7
822.2
847.8
805.3
867.8
649.1 652.0 624.5 604.8
847.5
_
371.1
301.6
382.1
403.1
286.3 270.3
282.3
385.8
_
38.1
28.5
36.8
29.7
28.3
38.0
36.9
29.8
_
305.5
379.4 369.7
387.2
385.7
307.1 302.0 291.1
_
28.0
21.1
22.5
28.7
27.8
29.2
22.2
21.7
_
300.0 302.8 323.6 322.5
635.7 640.4 668.7 672.8
358.3
335.3
332.6
152.1
137.6
354.3
153.5
139.1
147.5
75.0
72.6
146.2
146.0
74.0
72.3
148.0
_
167.0
91.4
89.8
166.4
158.9
157.1
96.5
95.0
_
180.4
133.5
179.3
179.7
137.8
134.3
132.1
183.3
133.4
96.0
133.8
99.0
96.7
95.5
134.9
133.3
47.0
45.5
46.4
38.8
37.5
48.4
37.6
36.6
_
22.7
28.2
26.8
33.2
33.0
18.8
20.1
23.0
_
191.3
189.4
175.8
173.9
63.4
60.8
60.2
63.3
45.4
146.9
145.5
135.8
134.4
45.9
47.0
47.2
_
52.4
35.4
36.1
35.1
53.8
53.1
52.8
34.8
15.9
20.5
20.7
16.4
21.6
20.2
16.8
15.9
-

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts .
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

724.1
84.4
255.6
42.8
58.8
110.8
33.6
173.1
84.6
74.6
39.7
126.0
11.7

726.4
84.6
255.1
43.1
58.1
110.1
33.1
175.5
85.0
76.3
40.1
125.7
12.3

720.2
83.7
251.8
42.0
55.4
109.3
32.3
183.7
87.9
80.7
40.2
117.5
11.0

712.1
83.0
249.3
39.9
54.8
109.5
32.0
181.7
87.5
79.2
39.7
116.3
10.1

718.7
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

357.6
50.8
34.2
13.4
94.4
44.5
49.9
32.2
35.8
19.3
131.0
53.4

369.5
54.1
36.8
13.8
96.6
47.1
49.5
32.3
40.9
22.8
131.8
53.8

370.4
53.3
35.9
14.6
99.8
46.5
53.3
32.0
39.1
21.2
131.6
54.4

354.9
49.0
33.3
13.9
95.7
42.9
52.8
31.7
35.6
19.3
129.0
54.2

371.8
-

390.1
36.7
140.6
27.1
29.8
57.2
17.2
102.6
46.4
48.2
26.3
58.3
8.4

392.2
36.7
140.4
27.2
29.6
56.5
16.7
104.2
46.4
49.7
26.8
58.3
9.1

391.8
36.8
139.1
27.2
28.2
54.4
16.1
111.4
50.5
52.4
27.1
53.6
7.7

384.5
36.0
136.6
25.3
27.7
54.3
15.9
109.7
50.4
50.8
26.7
52.8
6.8

392.8
_
_
_
_
_
-

255.5
33.7
22.4
10.3
69.4
31.6
37.8
21.5
27.2
14.8
93.4
37.3

268.5
36.9
25.1
10.8
72.0
34.3
37.7
21.7
32.7
18.8
94.4
37.8

268.5
36.9
24.6
11.7
74.0
32.5
41.5
21.7
29.9
16.2
94.3
37.9

257.4
33.6
22.6
11.1
72.2
31.3
40.9
21.5
27.2
14.9
91.8
37.7

272.6
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Cnrie*
uUUc

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats .
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ...
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products ....
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

0
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool.
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

See footnotes at end of table.

48




Production workers

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

7,757 7,895 7,875 7,798 7,954 5,419 5,558 5,552 5,480 5,634
1,637.4 1,697.1 1,648.1 1,680.1 1,740.1 1,148.5 1,206.1 1,156.7 1,187.4 1,247.3
331.7
314.2 327.1
310.1
367.8 371.5 383.8 388.8
117.6 119.9 120.2 121.4
144.3
141.6 143.7 143.1
75.4
56.5
56.3
55.5
56.0
76.8
76.1
76.0
130.3 130.8 140.4 143.2
119.0 119.5 128.4 131.2
99.7 100.9 101.6
100.6
167.6 166.6 168.0 168.6
31.7
40.3
40.4
30.9
31.2
31.5
40.1
40.6
43.9
43.9
42.4
42.4
88.8
88.9
87.9
88.0
255.0 303.0 241.4 262.9
213.2 259.2 197.9 218.2
17.7
16.8
18.9
15.7
24.8
24.0
25.8
22.4
81.1
132.4
87.5
66.7
115.7
82.2 103.9
96.3
59.4
49.8
50.4
56.9
50.3
53.0
57.3
56.8
84.8
84.8
84.9
123.5
126.6 124.1
124.9
86.5
15.2
15.1
14.4
14.3
22.1
22.1
22.4
22.2
27.6
29.2
46.0
45.9
27.8
29.2
44.0
44.5
127.0 127.3
130.0 131.7
211.9 212.5 215.8 217.5
95.0
94.6
91.5
91.0
167.0 167.8 171.4 172.2
36.7
35.4
35.8
36.0
45.3
44.4
44.7
44.9
71.7
66.6
87.8
69.5
72.6
90.5
92.8
94.3
14.5
14.0
14.9
15.2
18.1
19.3
19.9
19.1
41.7
43.4
43.7
39.2
51.8
53.6
54.1
49.3
24.7
24.4
34.6
34.7
33.6
33.8
24.9
25.3
97.7
96.4
96.8
96.4
223.8
222.3 222.3 222.1
29.3
28.7
28.3
29.5
45.2
44.7
44.2
45.4
43.7
132.0
131.7 130.9
132.1
43.3
43.5
43.9
125.0 125.4 122.6 127.3
166.7 165.4 169.9
166.3
59.8
44.7

65.0
44.7

58.3
43.8

58.1
43.8

59.9
-

43.9
33.1

48.9
33.3

42.9
32.4

42.5
32.3

44.3
-

685.9
102.8
89.6
16.1
19.7
197.2
35.0
34.3
63.5
24.4
21.9
55.5
21.4
21.2
54.3
97.3
69.1
15.7
53.4

700.9
103.0
90.2
16.8
20.7
200.0
35.7
34.8
64.5
24.8
21.8
57.7
22.1
21.8
56.0
101.2
72.1
15.9
55.3

710.8
99.6
89.1
16.8
21.1
208.6
35.8
35.9
70.2
24.3
23.8
58.2
22.2
21.5
57.4
104.4
74.4
16.9
55.6

697.5
96.8
88.1
16.3
19.1
206.6
35.4
35.5
70.1
24.0
23.3
55.9
21.1
20.6
57.5
103.0
74.5
16.7
54.2

716.5

590.7
92.1
79.3
13.5
16.4
172.0
31.5
30.6
55.7
20.5
18.7
46.2
17.9
17.3
43.8
85.9
62.0
13.8
41.5

606.6
92.6
79.9
14.2
17.6
175.3
32.2
31.1
56.8
20.8
19.0
48.2
18.7
17.7
45.9
89.8
65.0
14.0
43.1

615.1
89.5
79.3
14.1
18.2
181.8
31.9
32.1
61.6
20.1
20.8
49.0
19.0
17.5
47.3
92.8
67.1
14.7
43.1

602.0
86.6
78.5
13.5
16.3
180.0
31.4
31.8
61.6
19.8
20.4
46.6
17.8
16.7
47.3
91.6
67.2
14.5
41.6

620.7
_

1,085.5 1,119.5 1,121.3 1,070.5 1,108.0
_
61.1
63.0
62.2
59.5
305.4 315.5 321.1
307.4
85.1
86.5
83.9
83.1
57.1
57.7
55.4
54.2
93.5
98.8 100.5
96.3
344.2 357.7 354.3 329.1
50.8
51.9
53.7
52.4
89.8
93.6
93.5
82.5
44.1
46.1
47.4
43.2
162.7 152.6
157.9
163.1

911.1
54.3
263.8
72.1
48.6
80.8
283.9
43.6
74.8
36.3
129.2

943.3
55.0
273.4
72.7
50.8
86.2
297.5
44.8
78.3
39.3
135.1

945.9
52.6
278.2
74.8
50.1
88.1
296.0
42.9
78.9
37.8
136.4

899.1
51.2
265.8
73.6
47.4
84.0
273.1
42.0
68.4
35.0
127.7

935.1
_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

61.4
50.8
10.6
52.1
21.9
35.9
144.0
18.6
40.6
30.4

63.7
52.9
10.8
51.2
21.7
36.7
150.9
20.7
43.3
31.1

63.8
52.6
11.2
55.1
23.5
35.4
149.7
21.2
42.8
31.7

61.7
50.8
10.9
52.9
22.3
34.5
145.0
20.7
42.4
29.5

691.8

517.0
151.5
132.4
42.3
171.0
37.4
19.7
39.2
152.2
33.4
77.7
20.7

520.7
151.5
132.0
42.8
172.8
37.7
20.2
39.6
153.6
34.0
78.2
20.6

530.2
154.1
134.1
42.6
178.5
37.4
21.5
41.1
155.0
34.2
78.7
21.2

522.9
150.4
130.3
42.3
177.2
37.4
20.8
41.1
153.0
33.5
77.5
21.4

525.0

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

1,434.3 1,439.0 1,478.6 1,475.5 1,474.9
451.7 452.3 462.3 461.8
113.0
111.8
112.2
113.1
113.9
112.3
108.1
108.2
83.7
79.0
84.6
79.3
29.3
28.6
29.1
28.9
79.9
80.5
74.1
74.7
511.0
493.1
495.4 512.7
167.1
166.5
158.0
159.5
309.6 309.9 318.3 318.3
47.2
47.3
47.4
47.6
74.5
71.3
71.8
74.9
53.3
51.5
51.6
52.8

789.9
168.6
27.8
55.7
32.4
23.3
40.0
358.1
115.8
222.0
32.8
57.6
37.9

795.1
169.2
29.0
55.5
32.3
23.2
40.0
360.9
117.1
223.2
32.9
57.9
38.1

823.1
171.8
33.7
60.5
37.2
23.3
42.9
372.6
122.1
228.9
33.3
60.6
39.6

818.0
171.1
33.9
59.2
36.6
22.6
42.5
370.5
121.4
228.5
33.0
60.0
39.9

818.7

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ...
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
2842,3
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

1,051.0 1,048.2 1,034.3
143.8
143.7
137.4
94.7
90.0
94.9
171.7
167.7
171.1
76.0
75.7
75.3
65.3
65.1
62.0
207.1
206.7 207.7
166.4
166.6 167.0
149.0
149.8 148.1
41.7
41.9
42.3
67.6
65.3
67.9
39.7
39.6
40.9
65.3
64.7
64.3
160.1
159.4
155.6
30.7
30.4
30.8
129.4
125.2
128.6
58.8
57.6
58.5
95.
95.0
95.

580.2
72.6
49.7
114.5
45.8
46.1
95.6
76.0
94.3
26.2
46.4
21.7
31.7
80.6
19.8
60.8
36.3
54.6

579.6
72.7
49.8
113.5
45.5
46.0
95.3
76.1
96.0
27.1
47.1
21.8
31.6
80.6
20.0
60.6
35.3
54.6

577.8
70.1
48.7
113.4
45.6
44.9
97.1
77.,
94.0
26.8
45.1
22.1
31.6
82.4
20.1
62.3
35.8
53.4

575.9
70.5
48.3
112.4
45.4
44
97.0
76.9
94.6
27.4
45.
22.0
31.5
82.4
20.0
62.4
34.3
53.

583.3

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

29
291
295

110.;
81.9
21.5

110.0
81.8
21.4

104.9
77.;
21.;

105.5
77.7
21.4

106.8

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

73.7
59.4
14.3
61.8
24.9
43.2
175.6
23.5
47.8
36.6

76.3
61.7
14.6
61.0
24.7
44.3
183.0
25.7
50.5
37.3

76.6
61.5
15.1
65.1
26.8
42.5
181.5
26.4
50.2
37.6

74.5
59.9
14.6
62.8
25.3
41.6
176.7
25.7
49.9
35.5

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

685.4
199.0
175.5
55.4
233.7
59.5
26.2
50.0
197.3
42.7
102.9
24.8

686.9
198.8
174.8
55.6
234.4
59.3
26.7
50.5
198.1
43.0
103.4
24.5

696.8
200.8
175.8
55.7
241.3
59.7
27.7
52.5
199.0
42.8
104.0
25.0

690.0
197.2
171.9
55.5
240.3
59.8
27.0
52.4
197.0
42.2
102.7
25.2

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress...
Commercial printing, lithographic .
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

181.8
142.;
28.1

179.8
140.4
28.0

166.8
128.3
27.4

,031.9 1,039.;
136.7
89.5
167.0
75.4
61.2
207.7
167.1
149.1
42.4
65.6
41.1
64.3
155.7
30.3
125.4
56.6
94.8
166.0
127.4
27.6

165.8

See footnotes at end of table.




49

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
uOuc

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic ....
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

Production workers

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

799.3
_
-

596.1
61.1
10.9

607.0
61.5
10.9

627.7
63.0
10.0

608.1
62.1
9.4

621.1

303,4
306
307

22.2
106.4
544.4

22.0
108.2
554.5

21.8
108.7
575.5

21.5
104.3
560.5

_

14.6
81.0
428.5

14.6
82.5
437.5

14.7
83.2
456.8

14.5
79.1
443.0

_
_
-

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

159.1
14.5
95.7
40.1
34.3
11.1
20.2

168.4
14.8
101.9
42.9
37.1
11.3
22.2

154.4
14.4
92.5
39.5
33.0
10.9
19.2

143.9
13.2
86.8
37.0
30.7
10.2
17.8

158.5
_
_

_
-

131.4
11.9
81.0
32.4
30.1
8.2
16.3

140.2
12.2
86.8
35.0
32.7
8.3
18.2

127.3
12.0
78.4
32.0
28.9
7.8
15.2

118.5
10.9
73.5
29.9
26.9
7.2
14.0

131.9
_
_
_
_
_

5,256

5,237

5,216

5,290

5,253

4,353

4,341

4,313

4,388

4,354

3,000

2,981

3,071

3,051

3,052
_

360.1
326.4

326.6
295.6

330.6
299.4

Local and interurban passenger transit .
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

230.7
92.6
37.5
36.4
42.0

227.9
92.2
37.3
36.6
40.0

283.6
95.9
36.7
38.2
87.5

239.3
95.6
36.4
37.4
46.1

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

44
445
446

203.6
28.7
114.5

193.4
28.6
104.1

187.1
28.6
100.1

184.7
29.3
97.6

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services .

45
451,2
458

524.8
461.4
63.4

527.8
463.7
64.1

560.5
493.4
67.1

568.6
500.7
67.9

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

19.3

19.3

18.7

18.7

47
471

48
481
483
4832
4833
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

50



Aug.
1986P

784.2
86.8
11.1

362.1
326.6

See footnotes at end of table.

July
1986P

805.4
87.5
11.9

40
4011

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment .
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies

June
1986

790.0
92.5
12.8

Railroad transportation.
Class I railroads2

Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

Aug.
1985

776.7
90.3
13.4

Transportation .

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

July
1985

0
01
302

Transportation and public utilities .

Transportation services.
Freight forwarding

Aug.
1986P

50
501
5012
5013

1,377.2 1,372.3 1,405.4 1,420.0
1,286.0 1,278.6 1,312.4 1,324.9
95.1
93.0
93.7
91.2

281.8
61.5

280.2
61.9

289.1
67.9

289.4
69.1

2,239
2,256 2,256 2,145
1,324.4 1,324.5 1,214.2 1,301.4
796.2 883.4
916.3 914.5
243.7
244.1
242.2
241.6
116.4
116.4
115.3
115.3
127.3
127.7
126.9
126.3

-

-

_

_

218.7
88.2
_
34.1
-

_
_
_
-

1,199.4 1,196.4 1,223.1 1,235.8
1,123.0 1,117.7 1,144.9 1,155.9
79.9
78.2
78.7
76.4

_
-

_

_

-

_

-

210.9
84.9
_
33.4
-

208.8
84.9
_
33.6
-

262.7
88.3
34.7
-

_
-

_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
-

-

-

_
-

13.8

13.8

13.7

13.7

-

_

_

_

_
-

_

-

_
2,201
1,009.1 1,010.0
682.0
683.1
197.6
196.8
_
_
-

_

912.8 1,001.9
574.9 664.6
201.6 201.0
-

-

744.9
354.6
139.7
170.3
58.6

741.1
352.8
129.6
173.2
62.7

746.0
353.8
131.9
173.0
64.2

_
_

_
-

745.3
354.4
140.7
170.3
58.0

5,885

5,894

4,645

4,665

4,702

4,730

4,742

3,501
429.1
106.9
290.0

3,507
_
_
-

2,748
350.0
_

2,755
350.3
_

2,763
345.7
_

2,791
344.9
_
-

_
_
_

931.6
454.1
178.6
206.2
66.1

931.3
454.3
177.7
206.2
66.8

930.8
456.8
165.2
208.7
72.2

937.2
458.4
167.7
209.4
73.5

_
_

5,772

5,790

5,860

3,43
435.0
108.7
294.

3,439
435.7
108.8
294.

3,475
430.6
107.3
290.7

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment .
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals .
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade

Production workers1

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

134.3 134.4
130.9
129.2
57.4
57.7
55.9
56.0
77.0
76.6
75.0
73.2
219.4 221.0 232.5 235.0
107.0
106.2
101.0
99.8
126.3 128.0
120.0
119.6
83.7
85.1
80.4
81.0
139.3 138.6
140.5
140.8
500.3 466.5 496.6
500.4
271.7 271.7 239.6 270.2
73.3
73.9
74.2
73.9
153.1
153.0
154.4
154.8
256.4 257.7 266.8 267.7
90.5
89.5
87.3
87.1
107.7
107.8
104.1
103.4
1,473.1 1,476.7 1,519.0 1,519.2
553.7
526.8 529.6 553.8
82.9
82.9
81.4
81.5
130.1
129.9
131.7
133.2
318.4 317.2 316.0
317.1
135.6
134.9
133.4
134.0
179.3
180.0
174.8
173.8
196.6
195.6 200.9
196.0
89.9
92.3
92.1
92.7
2,341
187.1
166.7
185.6
739.9
237.7
65.3
91.2
132.4
208.1
85.7
122.4
155.6
96.8
58.8
435.8
157.4

2,351
187.4
167.7
186.9
740.6
238.6
64.5
90.3
133.9
206.4
85.4
121.0
154.6
96.4
58.2
433.7
152.8

2,385
189.7
172.0
197.2
769.3
245.7
66.6
106.6
131.4
203.3
84.5
118.8
153.7
96.7
57.0
440.0
154.4

2,384
188.8
171.4
197.0
771.4
247.4
67.1
104.9
131.0
203.6
84.5
119.1
155.0
97.6
57.4
440.1
154.9

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

104.8

106.6

108.4

107.8

180.1

181.6

191.7

193.7

66.9
112.0
389.6

66.2
111.7
388.7

69.9
110.3
349.1

68.5
109.9
380.1

205.5

206.5

213.5

214.3

1,181.1 1,185.3 1,213.3 1,214.3

2,387

157.6

157.9

161.1

157.2

1,897
152.1
137.6
139.7
625.5

1,910
152.5
138.8
140.1
628.1

1,939
153.9
143.6
147.6
655.3

1,939
152.6
142.8
148.4
656.9

95.3
160.8

96.9
159.9

94.7
157.5

94.7
157.9

130.2

129.2

127.5

128.4

352.5

348.8

355.7

356.3

17,489 17,573 18,105 18,087 18,135 15,567 15,636 16,125 16,098

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ..
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,270.8 2,279. 2,296.i 2,301.9 2,308.9 2,123.5 2,133.; 2,158.0 2,151.5
1,905.6 1,911.4 1,936.6 1,942.8
1,798.4 1,805.7 1,838.8 1,833.!
224.0 226.7 225.3
222.1
204.5 202.6
201.5 203.;
143.8
143.1
133.8
132.9
115.4
114.7
123.6
124.3

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners .
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

2,799.0 2,799.9 2,935.; 2,943.5 2,941.3 2,587.5 2,587.1 2,711.5 2,718.:
2,450.6 2,453.3 2,559., 2,572.;
2,281.3 2,281.9 2,377.6 2,389/
64.;
61.1
61.
64.4
39.4
39.6
46.7
46.7
154.9
162.8
155.0
147.0
139.5
148.9
139.0
164.6

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

1,923.5 1,928.3 1,968.6 1,977.0 1,980.8 1,620.4 1,623.4 1,649.; 1,658.
914.6 918.1
762.5 780.;
759.9
939.7 943.3
782.8
309.6 309.6 313.5 316.7
249.9 252.8 256.
250.;
602.5 605.4 617.0 618.8
531.3 533.!
535.5 538.9

See footnotes at end of table.




706.7
375.4
163.1

703.2
374.7
162.9

713.8
379.7
159.7

712.0
383.0
159.5

Aug.
1986P

598.8
321.1
139.5

593.5
319.6
139.0

602.0
323.1
134.9

600.0
326.6
134

16,134

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
PnHo
uUUc

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

6
561
562
565
566

All employees
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

Production workers

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

1,024.2 1,042.9 1,077.0 1,060.8
106.7
109.1
108.9
108.9
376.8
381.1 394.4 390.7
213.1
219.1
226.4 220.5
203.9
209.6 210.2 206.5

_
_
-

858.1
90.7
316.2
184.1
165.0

873.9
90.0
319.3
189.4
170.2

908.5
90.2
336.4
195.5
168.9

895.6
87.9
333.9
190.2
166.6

_
_
-

778.6
438.8
272.9
85.6
254.2
183.2
71.0

_
_
_
_
_
-

598.1
338.4
72.5
187.2
_
-

603.9
340.1
73.3
190.5
_
-

642.7
359.6
73.6
209.5
-

646.8
360.4
73.3
213.1
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

725.8
414.2
262.2
85.7
225.9
164.2
61.7

733.1
416.9
263.5
87.4
228.8
166.5
62.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores ....
Furniture and home furnishings stores .
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places .

58

5,893.3 5,927.4 6,1188 6,098.2 6,125.3 5,359.7 5,387.0 5,575.3 5,555.9

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
..........
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,145.7 2,158.8 2,219.1 2,214.6
560.5
540.0
541.6
562.4
128.2
129.9
126.9
130.2
693.0
701.8
736.0
736.1
115.4
126.2
118.3
126.0
74.3
67.6
70.1
74.7
73.5
74.1
75.9
76.0
139.4
139.8
147.2
147.1
136.1
137.4
136.9
138.2
62.3
65.9
62.9
67.1
257.1
248.7
259.7
250.9
117.4
118.5
120.6
117.5
81.2
81.4
80.6
81.6
102.5
102.0
110.1
109.1
348.2
350.1 349.4 350.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate3 .
Finance ,

776.1
437.5
272.5
86.2
252.4
181.0
71.4

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

6,041

6,058

6,354

6,417

6,450

3,011

3,di9

3,175

3,207

3,223

1,732.4 1,735.0 1,773.5 1,783.7
1,567.4 1,569.2 1,596.9 1,605.8
351.2
338.8
339.0
349.3
390.8
381.9
382.5
389.2
80.8
81.0
84.5
85.1

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve ....
Mutual savings banks
.....

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

757.5
352.8
197.8
145.0
214.1
48.5
118.2

762.5
353.0
198.9
144.0
215.0
49.5
121.2

843.1
376.6
212.7
152.7
230.4
54.7
156.9

854.1
380.4
214.3
154.8
232.7
55.0
161.3

Security, commodity brokers, and services.
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

358.3
287.0

358.5
286.9

385.5
306.8

393.3
313.1

-

Holding and other investment offices .

67

162.9

163.0

172.7

176.2

-

1,840

1,846

1,935

1,953

1,963
_
_
_
_

Insurance
Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance.
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance ..
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service .

64

See footnotes at end of table.

52




Aug.
1986P

1,289.9 1,291.8 1,332.1 1,343.5
561.4
557.7
558.1
557.7
170.9
170.1
182.3
180.2
474.4 475.2
495.5
499.1
50.8
59.7
51.3
58.4
550.4

553.9

602.7

609.8

_
-

_
_
_
-

1,821.1 1,833.6 1,878.2 1,871.9
479.8 477.5
466.7
464.8
_
_.
_
_
615.4 614.9
580.3
588.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
233.4 226.6 224.3
231.1
_
_
_
_
_
85.4
90.8
91.9
84.7
288.7 289.5
286.8
289.5
4,498

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

4,507

4,707

4,762

4,780

-

-

-

-

1,274.3 1,275.0 1,293.0 1,301.5
1,146.6 1,147.1 1,159.7 1,167.4
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

576.7
270.2
_
166.7
_
-

581.6
270.3
_
167.6
_
-

642.8
288.3
_
_
181.3
_

651.2
291.4
_
183.2
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
-

_

_

_

_

_

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

884.2
346.8
138.4
331.7
-

884.6
345.5
139.2
332.1
-

904.5
339.6
146.2
343.1
-

913.5
342.4
148.0
345.9
-

_
_
-

-

-

-

-

-

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc

July
1985

1,190

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc .

66

Services .

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1985

1,193

June
1986

1,244

July
1986P

1,257

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

1,264

1,175.9 1,179.3 1,229.5 1,243.0
526.8 527.1
527.6 531.9
517.9
468.0 471.7 510.1
155.1
154.4 162.3 163.2
14.1

14.1

14.0

14.3

22,173 22,252 23,257 23,367 23,387

19,513 19,584 20,441 20,519 20,528
1,237.8 1,247.3 1,243.8 1,267.0

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,455.0 1,470.2 1,439.3 1,490.9
1,376.9 1,385.3 1,388.0 1,410.9

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,035.4 1,034.9 1,115.0 1,108.1
379.9 378.7 401.4 400.2
53.1
53.2
51.8
53.9
334.8 336.0 351.6 352.9
76.0
76.9
74.9
76.5

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic ..
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services .
Computer programming and software ...
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

4,490.8 4,551.3 4,811.4 4,866.3 4,896.5 3,900.0 3,954.2 4,145.0 4,187.2
194.6 194.0 193.0 192.9
144.7
143.7
142.2
142.2
145.2 145.0 143.7 143.5
89.1
90.3
99.5 100.2
182.0 183.9 200.6 202.6
654.9 663.4 717.3 718.2
596.0 604.1
646.9 648.9
928.6 955.6 1,002.8 1,032.8
169.1
172.6 174.8 181.6
714.7 737.6 781.3 804.6
550.6 548.7 585.2 588.4
454.8 452.0 471.8 472.2
198.5 200.5 215.3 217.0
261.1
258.6 270.9 273.0

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

1,882.5 1,906.9 2,004.2 2,022.4
185.0 183.6 191.6 195.7
512.6 523.3 556.0 556.2
420.2 425.9 449.6 451.6
186.5 188.3 191.0 189.9
81.3
80.1
81.3
80.7

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee .
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Aug.
1986P

339.3

338.3

357.1

355.7

301.5

302.9

318.0

320.0

Auto repair, services, and garages ....
Automotive rentals, without drivers .
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

738.9
156.6
453.4

745.
157.5
458.3

767.6
167.6
461.3

769.8
167.2
465.7

621.4

624.3

642.4

644.6

378.4

380.2

383.6

387.5

Miscellaneous repair services...
Electrical repair shops

76
762

323.5
102.8

325.3
102.9

331.5
104.0

332.0
105.;

269.2

271.3

274.8

275.9

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services.
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

228.0
98.6
118.8

226.5
100.4
115.3

220.7
98.3
111.1

227.4
103.0
113.4

193.7
80.8

193.5
83.5

188.0
81.3

193.9
85.6

Amusement and recreation services ...

79

966.0

969.6 1,062.0 1.096.J

856.6

860.8

957.9

991.1

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals ....
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric .
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

6,332.9
956.8
438.9
1,219.;
801.1
418.0
3,006.0
2,819.9
58.8
127.3
119.8
216.7

6,353.1
961.9
442.7
1,228.0
806.6
421.4
3,000.0
2,815.1
57.9
127.0
120.
219.6

6,597.
1,016.5
461.0
1,287.8
846.
441.6
3,044.0
2,858.1
59.5
126.4
129.4
245.9

6,631.4 6,657.9 5,639.i 5,656.2 5,864.9 5,890.0
1,023.9
794.3 797.0 842.0 847.0
460.0
390.9 394.3 406.8 406.3
1,296.9
1,103.8 1,112.7 1,164.2 1,171.8
852.;
444.7
3,057.1
2,740.5 2,734.4 2,773.' 2,782.8
2,869.7
59.8
127.6
130.0
248.5

See footnotes at end of table.




53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Services—Continued
Legal services

Production workers1

All employees
July
1985

706.3

Aug.
1985

702.9

June

746.5

July
1986P

753.4

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools .

2
821
822
824

1,138.2 1,130.9 1,258.5 1,166.7
322.7 323.3 377.3 335.9
675.7 666.9 742.4 687.1
62.9
66.7
64.4
64.3

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,343.0 1,342.2 1,406.8 1,409.0
266.7 266.0 280.6 290.0
219.6 215.2 219.6 227.0
295.5 296.0 312.2 312.7

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens .

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations .

86
861
863
864

1,541.7 1,525.6 1,529.1 1,534.8
89.4
89.0
90.6
93.0
139.9 140.6 143.3 139.8
371.8 358.6 349.3 370.1

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ..
Noncommercial research organizations.
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .

89
891
892
893

1,233.4 1,239.4 1,299.8 1,309.9
680.9 685.1 723.0 728.4
117.4
118.
122.3
125.1
411.0 427.8 429.5
408.

44.6

Federal Government4 .

2,930
4

Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

2,918

2,918

July
1985

601.9

Aug.
1985

596.9

June
1986

631.7

July

Aug.
1986P

637.8

46.7

2,920

1,009.0 1,016.9 1,064.0 1,071.6
611.6 617.1
578.9
573.2
321.7

324.5

335.;

334.1

15,714
2,910

2,871.3 2755.0 2,861.4
1,009.8 966.4
989.7
755.6 713.5
788.4
1,105.9 1075.1 1,083.3
40.9 39.4
37.7
17.9 17.1
18.5

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies .
Legislative
Judicial

3731

132.9
80,

132.3
79.9

124.6
75.

123.
74.7

806

41,
419.5
251.;

40.6
421.5
252.;

39.4
412.9
249.;

39.3
414.
249.8

806
82

3,653 3,650 3,821 3,731
455.3 455.3 458.6 460.1
1,299.9 1,293.4 1,431.8 1,322.8
1,285.1 1,284.1 1,314.!

806
82

3,178.2 3,119.8 3,060.

3,73'

1,327.1

8,97; 10,028
9,10"
9,201
506.8
511.0 518.8
521.7
615.0 622,
616.
624.0
4,433.6 4,373.6 5,497.5 4,509.0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to




46.4

15,690 15,541 16,767 15,85:

Government.

54

43.8

Aug.
1986P

9,070

3,204.2

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)

May

June

Apr.

May

June

1985

1985

1986

1986

1986

44,009

44,043

45,494

45,797

45,786

Total private

35,648

35,898

36,859

37,142

37,363

Goods-producing

6,811

6,868

6,855

6,867

6,912

Mining

121

122

113

111

109

Construction

461

471

500

508

519

6,229

6,275

6,242

6,248

6,284

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,044

3,055

3,016

3,018

3,016

106
149
113
105
325
486

109

112
155
114
102
324
460

115
155
116
101
326

901

353
309
167

105
325
483
931
358
311
168

110
155
113
102
324
462

311
169

903
370
310
169

459
892
371
311
170

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,185

3,220

3,226

3,230

3,268

476
21
335
901
165
602
286
29
273
98

495
21
337
902
168
606
290
29
274
99

482
341
906
167
627
285
26
279
92

491
19
343
901
168
626
286
26
280
91

511
19
345
903
171
630
291

37,198

37,175

38,639

38,930

38,874

Transportation and public utilities ...

1,451

1,460

1,479

1,490

1,453

Wholesale trade

1,614

1,630

1,697

1,709

1,708

Retail trade

9,035

9,128

9,212

9,355

9,448

Finance, insurance, and real estate

3,609

3,650

3,840

3,874

3,927

13,128

13,162

13,776

13,847

13,915

8,361
1,009
1,793
5,559

8,145
1,024
1,717
5,404

8,635
1,032
1,912
5,691

8,655
1,035
1,889

8,423
1,038
1,803
5,582

Industry

Total

Manufacturing

Service-producing

Services

932

Government
Federal
State
Local
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




150
114

369

20

5,731

26
282
91

introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1986

Industry
Aug.

Total
Total private ..
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing .
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

97,890 98,128 18,428 98,666 98,910 99,296 99,429 99,484

Apr.

May

June

Julyp

Aug.1

19,783 99,918 99,843 00,122 00,324

81,428 81,592 81,853 82,073 82,281 82,659 82,748 82,785 33,072 83,198 83,161 83,502 83,676
24,880 24,843 24,903 24,931 24,977 25,101 25,038 24,945 25,038 24,965 24,854 24,861

24,923

772
446

764
438

752
429

4,974 4,947
1,314 1,299

4,981
1,299

5,036
1,306

922
581

917
577

913
571

907
565

4,702
1,257

4,728
1,267

4,754
1,276

4,765
1,283

897
556

880
541

852
518

821
488

4,787 4,901
1,287 1,330

4,864
1,320

4,838
1,298

4,972
1,315

901
560

790
461

19,256 19,198 19,236 19,259 19,289 19,303 19,294 19,255 19,245 19,201 19,135 19,116 19,135
11,473 11,421 11,447 11,453 11,461 11,466 11,455 11,418 11,415 11,378 11,307 11,294 11,295
721
700
708
710
719
720
725
702
705
716
716
715
719
496
494
496
497
495
491
493
493
494
494
498
493
494
597
599
597
594
591
591
593
591
590
596
594
600
592
761
780
795
797
801
803
798
795
798
787
785
756
733
286
288
299
302
304
304
302
303
300
291
283
261
293
1,463 1,459 1,460 1,459 1,456 1,455 1,45;
1,450 1,451 1,447 1,440 1,429
1,432
2,164 2,147 2,146 2,139 2,133 2,137 2,127 2,118 2,111 2,100 2,089 2,081
2,079
2,195 2,179 2,181 2,179 2,182 2,182 2,181 2,177 2,177 2,175 2,143 2,169
2,165
1,977 1,970 1,987 1,993 1,998 1,996 1,998 1,989 1,986 1,972 1,974 1,975
1,985
839
839
864
876
871
870
87;
830
873
867
858
854
832
717
721
725
724
72;
723
725
724
711
717
723
726
723
369
369
370
367
367
368
366
36:
36!
368
369
369
363
7,783 7,777 7,789
1,608 1,607 1,610
64
65
64
698
697
699
1,117 1,121 1,121
682
682
683
1,44;
1,44;
1,447
1,043 1,04;
1,040
17
171
171
787
785
790
165
165
164

7,806
1,61
65
701
1,122
687
1,454
1,037
170
794
164

7,828 7,837
1,623 1,623
64
64
70;
702
1,130 1,133
686
687
1,45 1,461
1,035 1,034
169
168
798
80:
164
163

7,839
1,631
63
705
1,12;
687
1,46'
1,03;
16'
803
16;

7,837 7,830
1,63;
1,633
63
63
703
707
1,117 1,119
689
688
1,469 1,47;
1,031 1,028
166
166
800
804
15
160

7,823 7,828
1,640 1,648
62
62
705
707
1,113 1,106
689
690
1,474 1,477
1,024 1,026
166
164
796
79
154
151

7,822
1,646
62
710
1,106
687
1,481
1,026
162
791
151

7,840
1,649
59
713
1,106
687
1,478
1,034
163
796
155

73,010 73,285 73,525 73,735 73,933 74,195 74,391 74,539 74,745 74,953 74,989 75,261 75,401

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities .

5,219
2,983
2,236

5,257
3,023
2,23

5,260
3,026
2,23.

5,272 5,27 5,286
3,040 3,046 3,056
2,232 2,231 2,230

5,277
3,048
2,229

5,280
3,053
2,22"

5,266
3,040
2,226

5,265
3,037
2,228

5,16'
3,035
2,13;

5,276
3,05"
2,219

5,236
3,055
2,181

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.

5,76i
3,422,338

5,777
3,432
2,345

5,796
3,44,
2,354

5,796 5,809 5,830
3,451 3,460 3,470
2,345 2,349 2,360

5,843
3,482
2,361

5,841
3,480
2,361

5,864
3,485
2,379

5,872
3,488
2,384

5,829
3,454
2,375

5,851
3,484
2,367

5,866
3,493
2,373

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations .
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

17,464 17,489 17,543 17,589
2,328 2,326 2,329 2,326
2,805 2,813 2,828 2,845
1,904 1,910 1,916 1,918
5,749 5,76
5,772 5,783
5,988
2,998
1,83!
1,15

6,014
3,01
1,846
1,15

6,038
3,024
1,852
1,162

6,070
3,039
1,862
1,169

17,62;
2,31
2,870
1,922
5,80
6,095
3,053
1,868
1,174

17,734 17,795 17,828 17,851 17,911 17,944 17,997 18,027
2,356
2,358
2,328 2,333 2,333 2,342 2,344 2,350
2,938
2,947
2,901 2,910 2,917 2,932
2,880 2,89
1,950
1,957
1,929 1,938 1,939 1,940 1,944 1,945
5,932
5,941
5,831 5,854 5,868 5,859 5,889 5,918
6,123
3,066
1,878
1,179

6,15
3,082
1,889
1,186

6,18.
3,09!
1,900
1,189

6,228
3,120
1,910
1,198

6,26
3,13'
1,918
1,206

6,295
3,159
1,92
1,209

6,33
3,178
1,945
1,212

6,376
3,201
1,955
1,220

Services
Business services
Health services

22,11 22,212 22,313 22,415 22,50 22,585 22,636 22,70' 22,825 22,924 23,07:
4,504 4,542 4,56
4,604 4,63
4,660 4,68'
4,698 4,750 4,755 4,79;
6,33: 6,350 6,375 6,40 6,42- 6,44" 6,47
6,49
6,543 6,57
6,51

23,182 23,248
4,843
4,83
6,598 6,638

Government
Federal
State
Local

16,46, 16,536 16,57! 16,593 16,62! 16,63 16,68 16,69! 16,71
2,89!
2,904 2,91: 2,916 2,918 2.92C 2,914
2,886 2,89!
3,87! 3,89! 3,90 3,904 3,91
3,938
3,85
3,924 3,92
9,75(
9,78! 9,78! 9,81
9,72
9.80G 9,83!
9,849 9,85£

16,62i
2,866
3,93;
9,82i

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are

56



16.72C
2,899
3,936
9,88!

16,68;
2,87!
3,92
9,88i

16,648
2,878
3,943
9,827

introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1985

1986

Industry
June

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

43,869 43,996 44,135 44,255 44,427 44,601 44,753 44,955 45,127 45,237 45,397 45,556 45,602
35,728 35,808 35,930 36,007 36,160 36,319 36,446 36,639 36,767 36,867 37,014 37,142 37,182
6,826

6,816

6,819

6,811

6,825

6,847

6,866

6,893

6,889

6,887

6,893

6,885

6,866

Mining

121

119

120

120

120

120

119

120

120

118

114

112

108

Construction

465

467

470

472

478

482

486

494

493

499

505

510

512

6,240

6,230

6,229

6,219

6,227

6,245

6,261

6,279

6,276

6,270

6,274

6,263

6,246

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment.
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,037
107
151
113
104
323
480
926
356
310
167

3,023
107
151
113
103
322
475
919
358
309
166

3,022
108
152
113
103
322
470
917
360
310
167

3,004
108
151
112
102
321
467
908
360
309
166

3,009
108
152
112
102
322
466
907
363
309
168

3,012
109
152
113
103
322
463
906
366
309
169

3,011
110
152
113
103
322
461
905
366
310
169

3,020
110
152
115
103
322
464
905
368
311
170

3,017
111
153
114
103
322
460
903
370
311
170

3,014
112
154
113
102
322
460
901
369
312
169

3,019
111
154
114
102
324
461
902
370
311
170

3,016
112
155
114
101
323
458
903
370
310
170

2,996
113
155
115
99
324
456
887
369
309
169

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

3,203
502
23
335
891
165
604
287
29
270
97

3,207
495
22
333
899
166
608
286
28
271
99

3,207
495
22
335
897
166
608
286
28
272
98

3,215
495
23
334
901
166
611
287
27
273
98

3,218
498
22
335
900
166
611
286
27
275
98

3,233
500
23
337
901
168
616
286
27
278
97

3,250
508
22
337
908
167
617
287
27
279
98

3,259
507
22
340
912
167
619
287
26
282
97

3,259
513
22
342
902
168
622
287
26
281
96

3,256
513
22
343
899
168
623
287
26
281
94

3,255
512
22
341
902
168
626
286
26
279
93

3,247
513
21
343
895
168
625
287
26
278
91

3,250
517
21
343
892
168
629
288
25
278
89

Manufacturing

Service-producing

37,043 37,180 37,316 37,444 37,602 37,754 37,887 38,062 38,238 38,350 38,504 38,671 38,736

Transportation and public utilities .

1,448

1,454

1,454

1,459

1,464

1,468

1,472

1,475

1,478

Wholesale trade

1,628

1,630

1,638

1,640

1,648

1,653

1,660

1,676

Retail trade

9,080

9,088

9,102

9,116

9,151

9,185

9,193

Finance, insurance, and real estate

3,628

3,644

3,666

3,682

3,699

3,730

3,748

Services
Government.
Federal
State
Local

13,118 13,176 13,251
8,141
1,005
1,780
5,356

8,188
1,008
1,791
5,389

8,205
1,013
1,798
5,394

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all




13,299 13,373 13,436 13,507
8,248
1,019
1,810
5,419

8,267
1,022
1,816
5,429

8,282
1,026
1,821
5,435

8,307
1,031
1,824
5,45;

1,48;

1,483

1,486

1,441

1,689

1,691

1,707

1,718

1,706

9,268

9,313

9,347

9,362

9,383

9,392

3,771

3,796

3,816

3,848

3,878

3,904

13,556 13,602 13,644 13,721

13,79;

13,873

8,316
1,034
1,832
5,450

8,360
1,038
1,843
5,479

8,370
1,036
1,847
5,487

8,383
1,034
1,856
5,493

8,414
1,030
1,863
5,521

8,420
1,020
1,868
5,532

seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are subject to revision.

57

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

(In thousands)
1985

1986

Industry
Aug.

Total private.
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Julyp

Aug.1

65,815 65,936 66,168 66,347 66,510 66,856 66,945 66,916 67,167 67,261 67,223 67,531 67,665
17,414 17,381

17,425

17,440

650

647

642

638

634

622

598

573

547

535

531

525

3,702

3,719

3,724

3,748

3,852

3,817

3,795

3,913

3,903

3,874

3,900

3,952

13,100 13,111 13,097

13,061

655
3,681

17,486 17,597 17,536 17,454

13,059 13,074

17,546 17,475

17,388 17,394 17,461

13,060 13,025 12,979 12,963 12,984

13,078

13,029

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,619
589
395
453
603
225
1,082
1,299
1,289
1,253
679
392
264

7,572
590
392
452
602
228
1,079
1,288
1,273
1,244
671
390
262

7,594
593
393
453
603
227
1,080
1,289
1,274
1,258
678
389
262

7,594
595
394
454
608
233
1,078
1,283
1,270
1,260
674
389
263

7,595
597
394
455
611
234
1,076
1,278
1,267
1,263
676
390
264

7,595
602
394
459
606
232
1,076
1,280
1,262
1,259
669
391
266

7,579
602
394
459
604
231
1,072
1,272
1,258
1,258
666
39;
268

7,545
602
395
459
596
225
1,069
1,267
1,252
1,247
660
392
266

7,547
605
395
463
596
224
1,073
1,263
1,249
1,245
658
39;
266

7,519
605
397
462
591
222
1,068
1,256
1,250
1,233
645
390
267

7,462
606
397
460
574
220
1,062
1,250
1,224
1,233
644
389
267

7,447
604
398
457
568
219
1,053
1,240
1,247
1,229
635
386
265

7,451
610
399
458
545
196
1,057
1,241
1,244
1,236
634
393
268

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products

5,459
1,122
48
603
941
517
799
577
108
607
137

5,457
1,12:
49
60;
944
516
798
578
104
60
13

5,465
1,124
48
603
94!
517
799
577
104
611
137

5,480
1,126
48
605
946
520
804
575
10!
615
136

5,505
1,137
48
606
95;
520
808
575
104
619
136

5,516
1,137
48
608
956
521
811
573
104
623
135

5,518
1,145
47
609
946
521
815
574
104
623
134

5,516
1,145
48
611
940
521
817
573
103
625
133

5,513
1,145
48
607
943
522
820
57;
103
623
130

5,506
1,149
47
610
938
523
820
569
103
620
127

5,517
1,160
46
611
933
524
823
57;
103
621
124

5,516
1,157
47
614
934
521
825
574
103
617
124

5,533
1,160
43
617
933
521
823
581
104
622
129

Service-producing

48,401 48,555 48,743 48,90

49,02

49,259 49,409 49,462 49,621 49,786 49,835 50,137 50,204

Transportation and public utilities .

4,325

4,356

4,36;

4,374

4,381

4,384

4,377

4,373

4,36;

4,361

4,270

4,375

4,337

Wholesale trade

4,637

4,64;

4,659

4,658

4,665

4,686

4,695

4,693

4,71;

4,711

4,674

4,706

4,714

15,556 15,613 15,657

15,669

15,880 15,939

15,981

4,47;

4,513

Retail trade .
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

15,54;
4,440
19,457

4,455

19,546 19,637

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

58



4,495
19,72:

15,794 15,854 15,86'
4,532

4,554

4,571

4,603

4,629

4,651

16,018 16,038
4,68;

4,709

19,796 19,863 19,929 19,958 20,064 20,146 20,259 20,356 20,406
p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
INDEXES OF DIFFUSION
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased, seasonally adjusted

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

55.9
56.8
58.4

50.5
50.8

63.0
61.9

53.5
57.6

57.0
59.5

63.2
49.7
P
49.5

58.1
51.1

56.8
55.1

53.5
55.9

58.1
61.4

53.0
60.5

65.1
44.3

63.2
48.9

59.2
50.8

58.6
54.1

53.2
57.0

49.7
57.0

54.9
55.9

67.8
47.3

65.7
47.6

62.7
48.9

59.7
47.3

54.6
49.5

51.4
48.9

48.6
48.6

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Over
1-month
span

1984
1985
1986

67.8
52.4
59.7

72.7
47.8
53.5

67.6
53.8
45.1

67.6
49.2
54.1

62.4
51.6
49.2

65.4
47.0
46.2

Over
3-month
span

1984
1985
1986

76.5
51.1
58.1

75.1
49.7
54.3

75.9
46.2
51.1

71.4
46.2
49.7

71.6
45.1
48.4

68.1
51.4
P
43.8

Over
6-month
span

1984
1985
1986

78.1
49.2
53.8

76.5
47.8
53.8

77.0
43.0
47.6

75.1
45.9
P
44.9

69.2
44.3
P
47.8

Over
12-month
span

1984
1985
1986

81.1
46.2
p
50.3

78.1
45.7
P
51.6

72.2
46.8

72.2
43.8

68.9
44.9

Time
span

1

Based on the number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,
3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural
industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment




July

P

62.2
56.2
52.7

P

rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.)
Data are centered within the spans. Establishment survey estimates
are currently projected from March 1985 benchmark levels. When
more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally adjusted
data from January 1982 forward are subject to revision.

59

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

July
1985

June
1986

1,431.9
370.2
111.4
160.2
116.4
52.7

1,443.9
378.5
115.1
158.3
117.2
53.9

1,448.5
380.9
115.0
158.0
117.9
54.2

14.8
7.6
.1
1.1
.1
3.0

12.2
6.1
.1
.9
.1
2.9

12.0
5.9
.1
.9
.1
2.9

74.2
21.1
4.6
11.8
7.8
2.7

72.2
22.3
4.6
11.0
7.8
3.1

74.6
23.2
4.8
11.2
7.8
3.2

249.3

234.0

244.8

9.7

8.8

8.8

22.5

17.1

18.1

1,261.3
830.1
228.1

1,333.7
884.0
240.1

1,333.2
883.9
238.4

11.8
.6
2.3

10.7
.6
1.6

10.6
.5
1.6

113.2
78.4
22.2

117.7
82.6
22.4

118.5
82.9
22.5

800.0
42.9
70.3
220.6
30.8

819.8
44.0
72.3
223.4
32.8

816.7
43.6
72.6
222.5
32.4

4.6

38.6
2.1
3.1
12.2
1.8

38.6
2.1
3.4
12.5
3.6

40.1
2.1
3.4
12.8
3.8

10,950.7
994.7
152.9
193.1
3,808.3
94.7
761.0
185.1
513.0
490.0
102.4
776.6
915.8
787.9
138.3
113.9
133.5
115.0

11,234.3
1,022.8
149.5
194.3
3,903.4
98.6
803.1
193.6
536.5
510.6
105.7
806.8
932.9
792.2
143.8
116.0
134.4
118.3

11,160.2
1,009.3
147.0
195.3
3,885.6
99.6
801.3
192.7
530.8
507.4
105.4
799.3
927.2
788.5
142.2
115.5
136.8
118.4

51.1
3.3
16.5
.9
12.8
.1
2.0
3.3
1.3
.8
.4
.8
2.2
.2
1.5
.7
.1
.4

42.3
2.8
11.0
.6
11.5
.1
2.0
3.1
1.3
.8
.5
.8
1.4
.2
1.4
.6
.1
.2

42.2
2.8
11.0
.6
11.5
.1
1.9
3.1
1.3
.8
.5
.8
1.4
.2
1.4
.6
.1
.2

493.9
51.2
9.1
11.7
119.1
6.3
44.9
9.1
38.5
29.1
3.6
48.1
32.2
33.9
6.5
7.6
8.1
7.4

491.0
52.7
7.9
10.8
120.5
6.3
48.6
9.6
40.3
30.1
3.5
47.6
34.9
31.8
6.8
7.1
8.2
6.9

494.8
53.2
7.8
11.3
119.5
6.2
48.8
9.8
40.7
31.3
3.6
48.4
34.9
32.0
7.0
7.3
8.4
7.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont.
Denver

1,415.4
102.5
817.5

1,457.2
106.6
834.1

1,441.5
105.2
826.8

32.5
.3
21.1

29.3
.2
19.2

28.8
.2
18.8

89.7
5.4
50.9

90.2
4.8
47.2

90.6
4.9
47.8

Connecticut

1,564.0
187.7
443.6
61.3
235.9
121.7
84.1

1,622.6
197.7
461.7
64.0
243.7
125.3
85.0

1,605.5
194.6
457.6
62.0
240.3
124.6
82.0

1.8

70.8
7.8
17.2
3.7
11.3
5.5
3.9

74.2
8.4
18.4
3.6
12.2
5.7
4.1

76.1
8.7
18.9
3.7
12.4
5.8
4.2

298.9
255.7

300.8
257.6

298.6
254.6

.1
.2

.1
.2

.1
.2

18.9
18.5

18.8
16.7

18.9
17.0

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

646.3
1,935.8

649.9
1,995.8

669.2
2,014.6

.1
1.4

.1
1.3

.1
1.4

13.2
114.1

14.9
125.0

14.8
127.6

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach ...
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach .

4,369.7
100.4
418.3
92.2
83 0
358.2
129.0
136.0
779.1
413.3
116.5
91.1
95.5
723.3
276.5

4,547.0
109.3
439.4
98.5
85.6
377.5
132.0
137.5
801.0
434.6
119.6
94.4
99.6
742.6
292.4

4,504.0
107.9
432.8
96.8
85.0
375.9
129.5
136.8
794.0
433.1
117.9
93.4
98.5
739.2
287.0

10.1
(1)
.4

9.4

(1)

(1)

(1)

m

(1)

338.6
7.4
35.5
10.9
4.9
26.8
8.2
9.7
39.3
32.6
9.9
9.8
4.9
61.5
27.1

338.5
7.5
38.5
11.5
4.5
27.6
8.4
9.1
38.7
34.3
10.7
9.9
5.2
61.5
27.9

339.5
7.5
38.6
11.5
4.5
27.5
8.3
9.1
39.1
34.7
10.8
9.9
5.1
61.1
28.2

Alabama
Birmingham ...
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery..
Tuscaloosa ...
Alaska .
Arizona ...
Phoenix
Tucson...
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock .
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden .
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington ....

See footnotes at end of table.

60




July
1986P

June
1986

July
1985

4.5

5.6
(1)

July
1986P

(1)

(1)

(1)

0)

0

1.8

1.8
(1)

.3

0)

0
(1)

.3
.8

2
.3
.8

1

1

g

.3
.8

(1)
.4

.4
(1)
(1)
1

()

()
.9

.8

.8

0

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

.3

.6
(1)

.3

.6

.6

0

5
4.3

4.1
1

()

.3

(1)

9.2

4.8
1

0)

0

()

()

1.0
.4

1.0
.4

1.2
.4

0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July '
1986P

356.7
55.3
30.9
26.4
16.8
8.3

358.8
55.3
31.5
25.8
17.4
8.6

354.6
54.7
31.1
24.0
17.4
8.7

73.6
29.5
2.5
9.9
4.7
2.0

71.0
28.9
2.5
8.9
4.5
2.1

72.1
29.8
2.5
9.2
4.6
2.1

305.2
90.3
21.2
41.8
25.6
10.7

312.8
96.2
21.7
42.4
25.7
10.9

316.0
97.2
21.9
42.8
25.8
10.9

21.4

14.4

21.3

20.5

20.2

20.6

49.0

47.2

47.4

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

181.5
130.8
31.9

181.3
128.3
33.0

184.3
130.9
32.9

63.4
41.3
9.5

63.4
41.5
9.5

65.2
42.9
9.8

311.4
212.0
52.1

332.3
228.2
54.9

330.2
225.6
55.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

212.8
9.5
24.7
33.5
5.8

214.9
10.0
25.0
32.3
5.7

215.4
10.0
25.5
32.9
5.7

47.7
3.8
3.4
15.1
3.0

49.7
3.9
3.3
14.5
2.8

50.8
3.9
3.4
14.7
2.7

185.2
10.5
15.8
54.3
6.7

189.0
10.8
16.1
55.2
6.6

189.5
10.7
16.2
55.0
6.6

2,102.4
243.6
10.3
22.7
890.6
22.2
104.0
27.8
65.7
36.1
10.3
122.7
81.3
292.2
23.6
17.8
23.7
12.0

2,102.9
241.9
10.3
22.5
906.9
21.5
106.2
28.5
67.7
36.1
10.3
121.1
80.7
282.4
24.1
17.5
21.0
11.2

2,110.7
241.3
10.3
23.7
905.1
23.4
105.7
28.6
67.7
37.5
9.9
120.6
79.9
283.0
24.1
17.6
23.9
11.8

574.3
33.3
8.4
10.5
204.8
4.3
50.2
7.9
30.1
23.9
5.2
31.5
84.5
22.3
5.5
5.4
8.8
4.6

561.7
33.4
8.4
10.2
197.7
4.3
53.0
10.1
29.6
23.3
5.2
31.4
78.5
21.4
5.5
5.4
8.5
4.6

571.5
34.0
8.6
10.4
199.9
4.4
55.8
10.1
29.9
23.9
5.2
31.9
79.8
22.0
5.5
5.6
8.7
4.6

2,626.8
255.1
38.9
49.3
889.9
23.6
191.4
48.3
132.9
120.4
28.3
186.0
210.9
150.0
33.5
29.5
30.5
27.0

2,687.7
261.6
38.7
49.7
905.6
25.0
202.2
50.0
136.7
121.8
29.5
194.6
218.3
156.4
34.3
30.2
32.6
28.0

2,697.6
263.9
38.8
49.6
907.2
25.2
202.9
50.1
136.6
123.5
29.7
195.1
219.1
156.3
34.5
30.3
32.8
28.7

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

195.6
29.4
104.5

191.5
28.9
100.6

191.1
29.0
100.4

90.9
2.5
65.5

87.1
2.4
62.7

89.4
2.5
64.9

353.1
21.3
203.4

366.8
22.8
213.4

365.9
22.6
212.2

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

399.4
61.6
92.7
21.8
46.7
28.0
27.1

406.5
62.6
93.0
22.0
47.0
26.9
27.7

395.5
61.0
92.3
20.8
45.9
26.5
25.1

67.5
7.2
16.5
3.1
17.2
4.9
3.0

71.7
7.7
17.7
3.4
17.8
5.0
3.2

69.6
7.5
17.2
3.3
17.5
5.0
3.0

351.8
43.9
95.8
11.8
55.2
29.0
15.9

364.9
46.3
100.0
12.6
57.6
30.4
16.7

363.9
46.4
98.8
12.3
57.1
30.4
16.6

Delaware
Wilmington

72.2
62.3

67.5
58.5

63.9
54.4

11.4
12.6

11.9
13.4

11.5
13.3

67.3
52.5

68.8
54.6

69.3
55.0

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

15.1
82.3

15.3
83.2

15.2
82.6

25.7
88.5

24.2
83.5

24.5
89.5

63.4
380.5

64.4
397.4

63.7
395.6

509.7
11.9
43.8
4.8
5.2
36.9
21.0
26.8
93.4
47.9
11.8
7.5
4.0
91.0
36.2

523.6
12.4
45.2
5.2
5.2
37.9
20.4
26.6
94.6
52.0
11.0
7.9
4.2
90.7
35.7

520.1
12.4
44.9
5.2
5.3
37.8
19.9
26.6
93.9
52.2
10.9
8.0
4.1
90.4
34.9

244.5
3.2
20.8
4.1
1.8
27.3
6.0
5.4
67.6
21.3
6.8
3.4
2.8
37.0
10.5

238.0
3.4
20.3
4.4
1.7
27.3
6.4
5.4
67.3
21.2
6.3
3.6
2.9
37.2
10.4

243.4
3.4
20.9
4.5
1.8
28.0
6.3
5.5
68.2
22.3
6.5
3.6
2.9
36.9
10.6

1,191.0
29.0
122.5
27.9
18.4
99.2
35.5
30.7
208.4
113.3
29.1
27.0
20.8
200.2
72.1

1,234.5
32.5
127.2
29.8
19.5
105.5
35.5
31.7
214.2
118.2
30.5
27.7
21.8
206.8
75.7

1,233.0
32.3
126.0
29.5
19.6
106.3
35.5
31.8
212.7
118.6
30.4
27.5
21.8
205.9
75.5

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach .
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.




61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
(Sovemment

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Alabama
Birmingham . .
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

66 3
27.0
3.2
8.1
7.0
1.8

69 7
27.7
3.3
8.0
7.0
1.8

70 3
28.0
3.2
7.9
7.0
1.8

242 8
81.5
21.0
33.0
23.0
7.0

247.3
84.0
23.2
33.8
23.1
7.1

247.7
84.1
23.5
33.7
23.1
7.0

298.3
57.9
27.9
28.1
31.4
17.2

299.9
58.0
28.2
27.5
31.6
17.4

301.2
58.0
27.9
28.3
32.1
17.6

Alaska

134

134

13.3

47.4

47.4

48.5

65.4

65.5

66.8

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

81.3
63.6
11.7

90.4
71.1
12.9

91.1
71.8
12.9

300.7
201.2
57.0

322.0
218.8
59.6

323.1
219.4
59.4

198.0
102.2
41.4

215.9
112.9
46.2

210.2
109.9
44.0

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

37.1
1.5
2.6
15.1
1 6

37.9
1.5
2.7
15.2
1 7

38.2
1.5
2.7
15.3
1 7

140.8
5.9
13.4
47.9
5.6

147.0
6.0
13.9
49.0
5.6

147.3
5.9
13.9
49.2
5.6

132.2
9.6
6.1
42.1
6.3

138.2
9.7
6.9
44.3
6.8

130.8
9.5
6.5
42.2
6.3

735.7
74.8
59
13.4
260.9
4.0
46.4
10.3
22.2
28.9
4.7
52.0
112.8
32.1
7.4
7.8
81
4.8

761.9
77.6
5.9
13.5
267.9
42
51 6
10.3
23.2
30 2
5.0
53.1
109.5
33.0
7.7
7.9
80
4.9

764.8
77.9
59
13.7
268.9
42
52.1
10.4
23.2
30 7
5.0
53.4
109.9
33.1
7.6
8.0
8.0
5.0

2,649.7
236.7
29.2
45.3
963.1
19.8
171.8
39.4
118.8
102.2
24.5
198.5
260.9
180.0
35.7
24.9
26.8
24.7

2,720.2
239.4
29.4
43.8
993.4
20.7
181.1
41.6
122.4
105.7
25.3
206.7
272.4
183.9
37.2
25.7
27.0
26.7

2,724.0
241.2
29.5
46.1
996.6
20.7
180.7
41.5
121.7
105.9
25.6
207.6
269.9
182.9
37.0
25.4
26.9
26.4

1,716.8
96.7
34.6
39.3
467.1
14.4
150.3
39.0
103.5
148.6
25.4
137.0
131.0
77.2
24.6
20.2
27.4
34.1

1,866.6
113.4
37.9
43.2
499.9
16.5
158.4
40.4
115.3
162.6
26.4
151.5
137.2
83.1
26.8
21.6
29.0
35.8

1,754.6
95.0
35.1
39.9
476.9
15.4
153.4
39.1
109.7
153.8
25.9
141.5
132.3
79.0
25.1
20.7
28.0
34.4

98.7
3.8
66 8

101.3
4.0
69 3

101.8
4.1
69 5

322.7
21.4
194.5

342.2
22.8
203.2

341.8
23.0
202.5

232.2
18.6
110.7

248.7
20.7
118.4

232.1
18.8
110.7

132.6
10.0
68.9
3.2
13.8
103
3.7

139.4
10.6
71.5
3.4
14.3
10.7
3.7

140.8
10.6
72.7
3.5
14.3
107
3.7

358.0
40.9
97.8
11.9
62.7
34.5
20.2

371.0
43.3
102.7
12.7
65.1
36.4
19.0

372.2
43.2
102.4
12.6
64.9
36.7
19.3

182.1
16.3
54.4
5.8
28.7
8.7
10.3

193.1
18.8
58.1
6.3
29.4
9.4
10.6

185.6
17.2
55.0
5.8
27.9
8.7
10.1

20 0
18.5

21 9
20.6

22 1
20.7

64.0
56.4

67.3
59.2

67.3
59.1

44.8
34.9

44.5
34.4

45.4
34.8

34.9
109.3

35.0
114.9

35.2
116.4

213.3
591.9

224.5
618.5

225.5
623.4

280.6
567.9

271.5
572.0

290.2
578.0

320 1
6.1
35.7
6.9
34
32.6
7.6
5.0
65.4
27.3
50
7.7
4.5
56.9
23.3

332.3
6.5
36.9
7.3
3.4
34.2
7.9
5.1
67.1
28.7
5.1
7.9
4.6
59.6
24.0

333.0
6.5
37.0
7.4
35
34.4
7.9
5.0
67.2
29.1
51
7.9
4.5
59.9
23.9

1,127.6
27.7
111.1
24.4
18.9
85.0
29.5
39.6
206.6
126.5
28.8
25.2
18.6
191.5
76.1

1,187.0
29.6
117.3
25.7
19.2
89.1
30.7
40.5
214.6
129.4
29.2
26.2
19.4
197.4
82.6

1,182.7
29.9
115.9
25.4
19.3
89.2
30.6
40.3
211.3
130.2
29.2
26.1
19.5
196.3
81.0

628.1
15.1
48.5
13.0
30.3
49.9
16.4
18.7
97.5
44.0
24.8
10.3
39.6
84.6
31.2

683.9
17.4
53.6
14.4
32.0
55.4
18.6
19.0
103.7
50.7
26.5
11.1
41.2
88.8
36.1

642.9
15.9
49.1
13.2
30.9
52.2
16.7
18.4
100.8
45.9
24.7
10.3
40.3
88.1
32.9

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose.
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton . .
. . .
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

.

. . . .

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware . .
Wilmington
District of Columbia
Washington M S A
. . . .

. . .

Florida
...
.
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota .
.. ..
Tallahassee
Tampa-St Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach
See footnotes at end of table.

62



. . . .
....

.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Constructior

State and area

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

2,573.6
48.7
57.9
1,282.0
146.4
89.3
113.5
94.6

2,640.2
47.8
59.9
1,322.2
146.0
89.7
115.4
97.1

2,634.3
46.3
58.7
1,325.6
145.7
89.5
115.5
96.5

June
1986

July
1985

July
1986P

157.7
2.4
2.7
84.0
9.4
5.3
5.3
5.3

161.0
2.4
2.7
86.7
9.4
5.4
5.6
5.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

1

1

(1)
(1)

17.6
14.3

16.8
13.3

17.5
13.9

(1)

430.4
346.4

431.3
346.3

()
(1)

Idaho
Boise City

338.9
86.9

338.2
90.3

335.3
90.2

(1)

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,782.1
128.0
49.7
74.2
2,966.6
149.0
49.3
91.5
32.8
176.1
130.2
120.0
91.1

4,798.5
131.2
50.8
75.9
2,988.5
150.0
49.9
93.7
32.3
181.8
129.3
119.7
91.3

4,808.3
129.4
50.2
75.6
2,982.9
150.6
49.6
92.0
32.2
179.9
128.8
121.1
91.5

Indiana
Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,176.2
47.3
88.4
123.7
167.0
217.8
558.2
56.5
46.1
102.4
50.7

2,255.7
48.2
92.5
121.0
171.6
216.2
575.5
56.7
46.8
104.7
51.0

2,254.0
47.6
91.7
120.9
172.2
218.9
575.7
56.7
46.3
103.7
50.9

10.9
(1)
1
()
2.9
(1)

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,070.4
79.0
192.5
39.3
45.6
48.2
58.9

1,080.9
83.8
197.1
2
()
(2)
48.4
57.6

1,062.7
81.1
194.8
2
()
(2)
47.4
57.1

2.4
.2

970.9
27.1
83.4
203.9

994.8
(2)
84.8
208.5

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,239.8
163.0
415.8
32.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

2.8

(1)

(1)

18.0
5.9

16.2
6.1

17.0
6.3

26.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

26.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.5
(1)

204.1
4.9
1.3
2.1
119.6
4.9
1.8
4.5
1.2
7.4
5.8
3.7
2.9

189.8
5.3
1.3
2.1
113.9
4.8
1.8
4.2
1.2
6.8
5.3
3.7
2.6

197.1
5.4
1.3
2.1
118.2
4.9
1.8
4.5
1.2
7.1
5.5
3.8
2.8

97.8
1.4
2.5
7.3
7.8
13.1
26.8
1.9
1.7
4.7
2.0

103.8
1.4
2.6
7.0
8.2
13.4
27.7
1.9
1.7
4.8
2.1

110.6
1.5
2.8
7.3
8.6
14.1
28.6
2.1
1.8
5.0
2.0

2.8

4.2

30.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

2.7

0)
(11)
(1)
()

0
(11)
()

o1
(1)
(0)
(1)

.5

.1
1.4
.5
.1
.2

.1
1.3
.5
.1
.2

()
(1)

0)
O
(1)

8.1
(1)

.1
1.3
.5
.1
.2

423.9
341.9

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

June
1986

151.5
2.4
2.6
76.6
9.3
5.5
5.2
5.3

8.1

8.0

V)

Hawaii
Honolulu

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

July
1985

July
1986P

0
(11)
(1)
()
(11)
(1)
()
9.6

9.6
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
2.6

2.6
(1)
(1)
(1)

01
()
0

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.5

.5

2.4
.2

2.4
.2

39.6
3.2
9.4
2
()
2
()
1.4
1.8

40.1
3.3
9.9
2
()
(2)
1.4
1.9

()
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

()
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)

()
(2)
(2)
(1)
(1)

42.4
3.3
8.4
1.3
1.5
1.5
2.1

981.9
(2)
84.1
206.9

16.9
(1)
1
()
3.1

12.3
(2)
1
()
2.2

11.5
(2)
1
()
2.0

48.9
1.0
3.6
10.4

46.3
(2)
3.9
10.3

47.3
(2)
4.0
10.3

1,280.5
165.3
426.8
32.0

1,263.1
162.7
430.1
32.2

44.1
.8
.7
1.1

43.6
.9
.7
.9

43.6
.9
.7
.9

59.4
9.7
20.4
2.0

65.6
9.8
20.7
2.0

68.9
10.3
21.6
2.3

1,589.6
44.4
214.2
62.4
99.5
59.5
55.6
535.2
142.0

1,524.1
(2)
211.8
54.6
91.7
56.2
55.0
512.2
131.9

1,506.1
(2)
211.7
54.0
90.0
55.3
55.8
510.5
130.8

81.3
.2
1.2
8.3
17.3
2.3
.6
19.7
4.8

60.0
(2)
1.3
6.7
14.4
1.8
.4
17.1
3.6

59.2
(2)
1.2
6.9
14.0
1.7
.4
16.3
3.5

106.8
2.9
21.3
2.8
5.3
4.0
3.9
27.7
8.8

93.1
(2)
21.6
2.2
4.5
3.2
4.0
24.5
7.3

94.4
(2)
21.5
2.2
4.5
3.0
4.2
25.2
8.2

469.5
36.1
110.6

481.8
37.9
113.8

477.9
36.5
114.5

.2

26.0
1.9
6.5

28.7
1.8
6.8

30.3
1.9
6.9

.2
(1)

V)

1

1

1

.2
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

See footnotes at end of table.




63

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

State and area
July
1985
Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins.
Savannah

June
1986

July

July
1985

June
1986

July
1985

July

367.7
31.7
19.6
25.5
24.2

678.9
12.4
12.7
382.4
31.5
19.9
25.6
25.1

34.0
27.8

116.4
92.7

117.5
92.4

118.5
93.2

18.8
5.8

18.8
5.7

84.6
22.1

84.7
23.3

85.1
23.6

183.4
8.2
4.4
8.6
1.4
6.0
6.5
4.4
4.6

268.0
3.2
3.1
2.3
185.9
8.2
4.5
8.8
1.4
6.1
6.5
4.6
4.6

273.9
3.2
3.1
2.3
185.8
8.2
4.5
8.7
1.4
5.9
6.5
4.6
4.7

1,167.7
34.4
12.5
19.1
728.0
41.1
10.6
21.3
8.1
42.6
32.8
27.2
18.4

1,184.2
36.0
12.7
19.2
744.2
41.0
10.8
21.5
8.2
43.2
33.1
27.5
18.6

1,186.7
35.4
12.7
19.2
741.4
41.1
10.9
21.6
8.2
42.8
33.0
27.5
18.6

598.1
18.2
49.7
28.7
47.2
57.0
105.7
10.6
10.7
22.6
10.7

110.9

114.5

1.2

1.3
2.9
6.6

115.6
1.2
2.8
6.7
11.4

513.5
10.4
16.4
30.6
41.6
50.0
143.5
12.2
11.5
27.3
14.2

552.1
10.7
17.2
31.0
42.9
50.4
149.7
12.6
12.0
28.2
14.3

554.6
10.7
17.3
31.1
42.8
50.6
150.1
12.4
11.8
28.1
14.5

202.5
22.9
21.9

200.1
22.6
21.5

52.6
4.0

281.3

278.4
19.9
51.4

9.9
12.5

9.8
12.4

277.8
19.8
51.3
(*>
(*)
11.9
14.0

175.8
(2)

54.8

176.5
(2)
9.7
56.3

255.5
29.8
86.0
6.2

253.1
28.5
85.3
5.6

252.3
27.7
85.6
5.6

553.2
8.6
14.8
183.2
36.6
20.0
20.1
15.5

546.6
8.0
14.4
180.7
36.5
20.0
20.2
15.6

163.6
2.6
1.7
105.1
5.0
3.3
5.0
9.7

165.6
2.5
1.8
106.8
4.8
3.3
4.9
9.8

165.6
2.5
1.8
107.0
4.8
3.3
4.8

Hawaii
Honolulu .

22.5
16.3

22.6
16.7

22.9
16.9

33.4
27.5

34.1
28.0

Idaho
Boise City.

55.6
10.9

52.7
11.0

53.0
11.1

19.4
5.6

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline.
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

979.7
38.0
4.4
7.4
579.1
32.6

961.3
36.5
4.7
7.4
567.2
32.8
14.5
20.3
5.1
41.8
31.2
44.3

274.2
2.9
3.2
2.2

3.9

960.3
36.8
4.8
7.5
562.1
32.4
14.2
20.4
5.0
41.1
30.8
44.9
3.9

Indiana
Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka.
Terre Haute

609.8
18.7
48.0
32.3
46.7
60.3
108.1
11.5
11.0
23.7
10.5

603.2
18.5
50.3
29.0
47.1
57.3
106.5
10.5
10.9
24.1
10.7

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls .

204.2
21.5
22.4
12.2
3.8
10.3
13.9

Kansas
Lawrence .
Topeka
Wichita

175.4
4.4
9.6

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette..
Louisville
Owensboro

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn.
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

64




July

674.5
12.6
12.7
379.3
31.6
19.8
25.5
25.0

550.3
10.8
14.5
182.4
37.0
20.9
19.7
15.6

Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

June
1986

14.8
19.5
5.2
42.0
31.8
44.8
4.6

9.6
56.2

9.0
7.3
45.5
22.8

167.5
(2)
20.0
3.9
5.3
8.6
7.6
43.1
18.5

166.7
(2)
19.8
3.8
4.9
8.6
7.6
42.7
18.4

100.5
9.9
15.9

105.9
10.7
17.0

100.1
9.7
16.5

178.9
3.4
21.0
5.5

6.1

2.8
6.5
11.2
13.9
32.8
1.8

11.4
13.9
33.2

13.9
33.9

1.7
2.3
4.4
2.6

1.7
2.3
4.6
2.5

13.1

4.1
12.7

50.2
4.1
13.0

1.7
.9
3.3
2.0

3.1
1.8

3.1
1.9

65.2
1.4
7.2

64.3
(2)
7.0
9.8

64.6

67.5
7.5
25.1
2.3

67.0
7.6
25.2
2.3

2.1
4.4
2.6

115.1
2.3
10.1
7.5
7.3
4.3
2.8
45.9
8.8

1.3
5.7

105.2
(2)
10.3
6.0
7.1
3.8
2.6
43.1

654.5
12.3
12.5

20.1
50.7
9.0
9.2
12.6
14.3

12.0
14.0

245.7
6.4
18.9
50.5

250.7
(2)
19.0
52.5

t2)

67.2
7.6
25.2
2.3

299.5

303.4
38.3
110.4
8.2

304.8
38.4
110.3
8.1

106.6
(2)
10.6
6.1
7.0
3.8
2.6

387.0
11.0
52.5
15.6
25.8
14.9
15.2
139.8
34.3

380.5
50.9
13.7
24.6
14.7
15.5
139.8
31.3

378.4
(2)
50.8
13.7
24.4
14.5
15.7
138.2
30.8

117.8
9.0
33.1

119.6
8.9
33.9

6.9
9.7

43.6

7.9

7.8

19.3
1.4
5.8

19.6
1.4
5.9

38.0

104.4
8.4

116.8
8.7

33.1

t2)

249.3
18.9
52.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

139.7
2.6
1.9
91.3
5.3
5.9
6.8
4.3

143.0
2.5
1.9
92.9
5.7
6.1
7.1
4.4

144.9
2.5
1.9
93.9
5.8
6.2
7.1
4.4

470.0
7.7
8.1
283.0
25.6
14.0
19.3
20.2

481.5
7.7
8.2
291.7
25.6
14.4
19.7
20.7

486.3
7.9
8.4
294.9
25.7
14.4
19.6
20.8

436.1
10.4
16.5
174.6
32.1
20.0
31.9
15.3

456.6
11.3
17.7
183.1
31.8
20.6
32.8
16.5

443.0
10.4
16.6
178.7
31.5
20.2
32.4
15.6

Hawaii
Honolulu

32.1
27.1

32.7
27.8

32.9
28.0

109.0
85.5

113.0
89.1

113.3
89.1

92.9
78.5

93.4
79.1

92.2
77.4

Idaho
Boise City

23.9
8.2

23.9
8.3

23.8
8.3

66.6
18.5

68.3
19.4

68.4
19.5

66.6
15.6

70.8
16.4

66.4
15.7

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

344.0
6.6
8.7
2.6
246.1
7.4
2.8
3.7
1.7
5.5
6.9
4.8
7.8

344.3
6.6
8.8
2.6
252.3
7.4
2.6
3.6
1.6
5.5
7.0
4.9
7.8

347.0
6.7
8.8
2.6
253.4
7.4
2.6
3.6
1.6
5.5
7.0
4.9
7.8

1,119.8
27.7
10.7
13.4
759.5
28.3
9.7
20.0
8.3
40.9
31.5
23.5
21.7

1,126.9
29.0
10.7
13.5
760.0
28.7
10.2
19.6
8.4
44.3
30.9
22.9
22.6

1,144.3
28.6
10.7
13.5
765.6
28.9
10.2
19.1
7.9
44.9
30.9
23.7
22.7

662.4
13.4
8.9
27.4
348.2
26.5
5.1
13.7
6.9
31.0
14.9
11.6
31.0

697.5
14.5
9.5
28.8
362.5
27.1
5.4
15.5
6.4
33.4
15.3
11.8
31.1

672.3
13.2
8.8
28.4
353.9
26.5
5.3
13.9
6.9
31.9
15.1
11.7
30.9

Indiana
Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

108.2
1.7
2.3
4.8
11.0
7.9
42.0
2.7
1.6
5.2
1.8

113.7
1.7
2.4
4.9
11.4
7.9
42.9
2.8
1.6
5.3
1.7

114.4
1.6
2.4
4.9
11.5
8.0
43.3
2.8
1.6
5.4
1.7

408.3
8.2
11.5
27.9
32.3
42.4
120.7
10.2
9.5
27.0
10.1

435.8
8.6
12.1
27.8
34.0
43.7
128.1
10.5
9.7
27.9
10.0

434.0
8.6
12.0
28.4
34.0
43.8
127.6
10.5
9.6
27.7
9.9

316.7
5.7
4.9
11.4
16.4
30.2
83.4
16.2
8.7
10.1
9.0

323.1
6.0
5.0
12.1
16.6
29.6
86.7
16.7
8.6
10.0
9.1

317.1
5.8
4.7
11.2
16.7
31.5
85.8
16.6
8.5
10.3
9.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

63.8
4.9
25.1
1.4
1.3
2.6
3.1

65.5
5.0
25.8
2
()
(2)
2.7
3.1

65.5
5.1
25.8
2
()
(2)
2.6
3.1

229.1
17.1
45.4
10.7
7.0
11.9
13.0

234.1
18.3
46.8
2
()
(2)
12.7
13.5

232.2
17.8
46.2
2
()
(2)
12.7
13.5

194.6
7.9
27.4
3.0
21.9
6.0
10.5

208.8
10.2
29.0
2
()
(2)
6.6
10.9

194.4
8.2
27.0
2
()
(2)
5.9
10.3

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

53.3
.9
5.8
11.0

55.0
(2)
6.1
11.3

55.4
(2)
6.1
11.7

187.8
4.7
18.0
41.1

195.7
(2)
18.2
42.0

195.1
(2)
18.4
42.2

177.7
8.3
20.2
23.2

194.0
(2)
20.8
24.1

182.9
(2)
20.1
22.8

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

58.7
8.3
27.4
1.2

60.9
8.7
28.6
1.4

61.7
8.7
29.0
1.4

245.9
37.0
91.9
7.1

254.9
38.5
97.0
7.2

251.1
37.2
96.4
7.2

209.1
31.9
60.0
4.4

232.0
33.0
58.9
4.4

213.5
31.9
61.2
4.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

85.8
2.5
13.9
2.6
3.9
2.7
4.4
33.5
7.9

85.3
(2)
14.0
2.8
3.7
2.6
4.5
32.9
7.9

85.2
(2)
13.9
2.6
3.6
2.7
4.5
33.2
8.0

319.3
9.5
41.5
9.2
20.1
11.3
10.9
131.7
31.2

315.2
(2)
41.8
8.5
18.5
10.5
11.4
128.1
30.2

313.1
(2)
42.1
8.3
18.4
10.2
11.5
127.5
30.5

315.4
12.6
52.7
10.9
13.7
11.0
10.5
91.4
23.4

317.3
(2)
51.9
10.8
13.6
11.0
9.0
83.6
25.2

302.5
(2)
51.8
10.4
13.2
10.8
9.3
83.8
23.6

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

21.3
1.9
9.7

22.9
2.0
10.6

23.3
2.0
10.8

104.3
9.0
26.9

101.1
9.2
26.8

106.7
9.1
27.3

80.5
3.4
12.8

85.9
3.8
13.7

78.1
3.5
13.2

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




65

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
July
1985

June
1986

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C. .

1,913.4

1,950.9
1,052.4

1,951.8
1,056.9

466.4
685.9

468.3
683.6

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

2,916.5

2,999.6
1,698.8
70.9
55.1
41.0
157.3
107.7
68.9
42.5
231.6
189.0

2,964.6
1,672.7
69.1
53.5
39.4
162.2
106.7
66.7
42.8
226.4
184.8

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

3,494.7

3,597.1
147.2

3,557.2
143.4

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul .
Rochester

1,869.6
84.2
1,215.1
55.2
61.4

St. Cloud
Mississippi.
Jackson ....

1,039.4
464.5
665.0
1,630.8
66.5
51.0

36.6
157.4
100.8
65.9

41.5
222.9
179.5
143.9
54.5
59.1

1,744.3
168.8

292.7
48.0

96.0
183.4
55.8
144.2

July
1986*

1,820.5
174.8
295.0
(2)
98.3
193.7
(2)
148.5

1,801.6
168.9
293.3
(2)
97.5
189.5
2
()
145.2

1,919.1
85.9

1,899.9
86.3
1,236.5
(2)
63.6

1,244.9
(2)
64.2

834.6
164.0

848.0
168.1

840.5
166.1

2,100.0
702.3
36.4
1,070.0
98.1

2,157.9
703.0
(2)
1,091.5
100.0

2,154.6
702.0
(2)
1,086.5
100.6

Montana .

280.3

284.0

274.0

Lincoln ...
Omaha...

649.2
103.1
291.6

660.8
104.0
291.6

653.9
103.1
290.3

Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno

448.6
253.3
122.9

465.4
263.3
126.5

467.7
263.9
126.9

470.9
79.3
83.4

494.7
(2)
84.6

491.7
(2)
84.2

3,467.0
172.1
635.0
399.0
233.8
477.4
311.8
945.2
180.1
53.2

3,566.2

3,569.3
(2)

655.4
414.9
235.3
495.9
320.3
945.6
189.3

653.9
411.8
235.9
498.4
325.2
950.7
188.1

Missouri
Kansas City.
St. Joseph...
St. Louis
Springfield ...

Manchester.
Nashua
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

66



July
1985

July
1986P

June
1986

1.9
.2

July
1985
134.1
65.0
20.2
56.3

141.0
69.5
21.0
61.6

144.2
71.1
20.9
63.3

1.4
.8

0
O1
()
0)1
()
0)

117.9
61.5
3.3
2.0
2.0
11.7
4.8
2.6
1.8
8.2
8.3

122.8
65.6
4.1
2.3
2.6
10.6
5.5
2.5
1.9
9.0
9.0

127.0
68.0
4.3
2.4
2.8
9.4
5.8
2.6
2.0
9.4
9.5

120.2
5.5
i)
2
i)
53.6
4.9

124.0
5.9

V)
1

107.6
4.4
1.8
1.5
49.7
4.2
11.9
1.2
3.2
5.0
2.2
6.0

5.9

55.5
4.6
12.9
(2)
3.2
7.0
(2)
6.4

81.3
3.1
51.6
2.1
3.4

81.9
3.3

85.1
3.6

50.9
2.9

52.6
(*)
3.1

7.1
1.0

37.9
8.4

36.2
8.0

36.5
8.3

6.0
.5

103.7
34.5

109.7
29.9

113.8
30.1

57.8
4.6

59.5
4.7

.6
1.4

0
(11)
()
0)1
()
O

()

0)
0
.1
.1
10.9
.2

11.3

02

.1
1.0
.4
.2
.1
.6
.1
.2

V)
2

(2)
()
0

()

0)

8.4
4.6

1

0)

o
7.0
1.1

8.9
1.7

6.7
.5

5.9
.5

2

12.7

2

3.1
6.9

C)

4.2
.1

3.7
.1

3.7
.1

1.5
55.0
4.5

7.1

7.1

6.8

14.1

12.6

12.7

1.9

2.1

2.1

.3

.3

.3

29.2
4.1
14.4

28.8
3.9
13.4

29.7
4.0
14.1

6.1
.3
.7

6.2
.3
.6

6.2
.2
.6

24.7
15.1
6.3

27.5
16.9
6.7

28.4
17.0
7.1

38.7

.1

.1

34.0
5.1
4.0

4.0

39.2
(2)
4.0

2.5

2.5

147.3

152.7

156.0

28.5
21.2

29.0
21.7
6.6
22.2
20.3
32.2
4.6

)

)

)

)

)

.5

.5
)

)
.1
2.1
)

t2)

.1
.1

V)
O

8.6
4.9

8.4
4.8

()
0)1

0)

1.0

1.0

()

July
1986*

1.9
.2

1.9
.2

1.4
.6

June
1986

0)

.4
.1

V)

7.8
27.5
19.9
5.8
21.1
18.4
33.9
4.3
1.9

6.5
21.8
19.7
32.1
4.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986*

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

217.2
139.9
52.4
35.2

210.5
131.9
49.6
35.2

208.1
131.0
48.0
34.7

89.3
57.6
32.4
19.1

90.3
58.5
31.8
18.2

90.4
57.2
31.6
19.6

478.8
246.9
96.8
173.5

487.3
249.8
95.3
177.1

487.2
249.0
94.6
176.1

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

644.1
315.5
10.9
15.3
12.2
54.5
38.5
21.8
11.8
51.9
45.4

631.2
312.6
11.2
17.8
13.3
47.1
38.8
22.7
11.8
52.7
44.6

619.1
307.2
10.3
17.0
12.6
54.5
39.3
20.7
11.6
51.4
43.6

125.7
74.2
4.5
1.6
1.3
6.1
3.4
2.7
1.0
8.4
8.1

130.0
77.6
4.8
1.6
1.7
6.8
3.8
2.6
1.1
8.8
8.1

126.9
75.9
4.6
1.6
1.5
6.5
3.4
2.6
1.1
8.4
7.9

685.7
363.3
19.9
13.2
9.2
32.9
21.3
15.5
10.9
51.7
43.0

712.7
380.5
20.8
13.8
9.5
35.0
24.3
16.3
11.6
53.8
46.0

706.9
375.4
20.7
13.8
9.5
35.3
23.6
16.4
12.0
52.7
45.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

970.6
35.8
14.8
20.3
472.5
62.9
98.8
12.6
29.4
38.8
18.8
46.0

986.0
32.8
(2)

952.1
29.4

143.8
4.1

148.4
4.2

810.0
25.2

ft
ft

ft
ft

791.5
23.3
10.0
12.0
404.8
40.6
71.3
10.0
20.9
35.0
11.9
32.4

811.6
25.3

ft
ft

ft
ft

ft

ft

43.0

144.3
4.4
1.8
2.5
78.7
4.7
10.6
4.3
3.1
5.3
2.7
7.0

ft

ft

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

378.5
7.2
257.3
11.5
10.9

98.4
6.2
67.7
1.8
3.5

479.4
22.1
305.1

477.9
21.9
304.6

ft

ft

11.4

373.4
6.9
252.9
(2)
11.5

Mississippi
Jackson

220.3
20.4

222.7
20.7

219.8
20.7

39.8
10.9

183.9
41.3

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield

424.1
117.5
9.4
226.3
19.6

424.0
116.3
(2)
224.8
19.3

417.3
115.6
(2)
220.6
19.4

142.1
52.8
2.1
72.6
6.3

Montana

22.4

21.3

21.5

20.7

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

87.7
13.0
33.7

89.1
13.1
33.9

87.9
13.1
33.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

22.2
8.0
8.3

22.5
8.1
8.2
121.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

119.8
14.9
36.9
714.4
7.9
166.3
76.1
55.2
112.9
32.4
199.1
32.1
14.8

ft

485.4
66.1
98.1
(2)
30.1
38.5
2
()
44.7
371.2
6.9
253.3

ft

ft

36.9

722.2

ft

167.3
78.4
55.1
114.5
32.0
191.4
33.8

ft

ft
(2)

469.3
63.0
96.5
(2)
29.7
37.6

ft

78.0
4.3
10.3

ft

81.1
4.2
10.6

ft
3.0
4.8

ft

6.5

97.9
5.8
68.2

3.0
4.8

ft

6.5

98.6
6.1
68.3

428.1
41.4
73.2
21.8
37.8
35.6

427.0
41.1
73.0
21.5
37.4
35.0

3.8

472.8
22.2
299.2
11.3
18.4

40.2
10.9

179.2
39.8

183.8
41.3

140.5
50.6

142.6
49.8

537.5
191.3

ft

72.9
6.1

515.0
186.3
9.1
257.5
27.4

535.5
190.7

ft

ft

ft

20.5

20.5

78.1

74.8

74.5

43.9
6.0
23.7

42.3
5.8
22.4

42.2
5.8
22.5

167.2
23.7
73.2

167.3
23.7
72.6

166.8
23.3
72.6

22.6
8.0
8.3

25.2
14.4
7.9

26.3
14.8
8.6

26.3
14.8
8.5

91.9
52.7
27.7

95.3
55.1
28.2

95.5
55.0
28.4

117.1
(2)
36.7

15.5
4.8
2.0

15.5

116.7
21.3
17.3

714.3
(2)
165.7
78.1
54.0
113.4
31.6
189.3
33.8
(2)

222.9
6.0
31.0
17.2
29.0
36.5
13.9
77.8
5.5
2.2

ft

3.8

39.4
10.7

71.7
5.8

16.0

ft

2.2

ft

ft

2.0

225.7

228.1

ft

ft

ft

ft

31.5
17.0
30.1
35.3
14.7
75.7
5.9

31.9
17.2
30.1
36.9
14.9
77.3
5.9

828.3
44.1
177.2
105.6
54.2
114.6
89.7
191.1
29.2
10.7

20.0

261.9
27.9

19.7

261.8
28.1

120.4

122.3

ft

ft

859.7

864.8

ft

ft

ft

ft

17.0

180.5
110.7
56.1
118.8
90.6
196.1
30.6

17.7

180.3
109.4
56.7
119.2
92.9
197.4
30.8

See footnotes at end of table.




67

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
June
1986

July
1985

July
1986^

July
1985

June

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

396.9
206.7

387.6
206.4

91.0

92.7
147.2

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

112.0
68.0
42.8
36.4

118.8
71.5
44.5
39.0

120.0
72.2
45.0
39.3

485.1
252.2
126.6
191.4

504.2
264.3
133.2
199.1

512.4
269.8
135.5
202.7

395.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

193.8
131.3
3.0
2.8
1.5
5.4
3.6
2.6
2.1
15.1
11.8

202.6
138.1

206.0
139.6
3.2
2.8
1.6
5.7
4.0

776.1
498.8

813.6
524.9

14.3
10.3
7.4
30.5

15.2
10.2
7.7
32.7

17.9

15.7

9.7
51.1

12.2

12.4

41.3

12.0
8.9
54.1
44.8

371.8
185.6
10.6
5.8
3.0
16.3
12.0
8.9
4.2
36.4
21.5

385.3
198.7
11.7

17.2
11.8

808.3
517.4
15.0
10.2
7.5
32.6
18.0
12.2
9.5
52.9
44.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland .

163.9
4.3
4.0
2.2
96.7
6.0

170.0
4.5

172.8
4.6

777.5
30.7

780.9
30.9

99.0
6.3

444.4
29.3
58.6
2
()
22.7
34.4

576.7
44.2
(2)
2
i)

12.2
(2)
4.1
11.2

442.0
29.3
59.0
2
()
22.5
34.4

550.5
42.1
11.6
7.8
219.4
21.4

11.8
1.6
4.0
10.3
1.3
6.2

6.0

100.6
6.3
12.4
(2)
4.2
11.3
(2)
6.1

755.5
29.4
10.5
12.8
421.5
28.9
58.7
9.3
22.0
32.6
11.0
27.8

()
29.9

()
31.2

8.8
13.4
55.8
7.7
18.6

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul .
Rochester
St. Cloud

113.1
3.0
86.2
1.6
2.2

116.3
3.1

117.0
3.2

436.9
19.7

89.8
(2)
2.3

90.7
(2)
2.3

298.5
22.1
12.5

451.8
20.3
308.0
(2)

12.7

451.7
20.3
308.6
(2)
12.5

280.2
18.2
153.5
4.7
10.3

312.1
19.5
169.6
(2)
10.9

36.1
13.1

37.1
13.6

37.2
13.7

130.5
34.4

136.4
35.7

136.2
35.5

181.8
35.3

185.4
37.0

179.6
34.8

123.1
52.2
2.1
66.3
4.6

126.3
53.6
(*)
69.3
4.8

127.3
53.9
(2)

490.6
154.7
(2)
267.7
25.5

496.7
156.2
(2)

69.9
4.7

476.8
157.8
7.1
258.1
24.3

308.5
100.7
5.3
130.0

11.3

325.4
106.8
(2)
134.6
12.0

313.6
104.7
(2)
129.7
11.8

13.5

13.2

13.2

61.6

62.1

62.6

62.9

72.4

62.2

Mississippi.
Jackson ....

Kansas City.
St. Joseph...
St. Louis
Springfield ...
Montana ...

3.1
2.8
1.6
5.7

3.9
3.1
2.2
15.5

3.1
2.1

2

2

268.3
25.5

209.6
93.3
152.5

29.2

155.1

6.6
4.6
19.4
13.4

9.7
4.9
37.5
24.2

233.4
22.6
29.1
(2)

13.6
59.6
2

()
19.6

369.0
188.4
11.0
5.7

3.9
18.2
12.5
9.1
4.4
35.8

21.7
557.5
43.1

222.6
20.2
28.9
(2)
13.1
56.4
2
()
16.8
287.7
19.4

157.9

C2)

10.4

Nebraska.
Lincoln ....
Omaha....

45.5
7.7
26.9

47.5
8.0
28.0

47.7
8.0
28.2

143.3
20.9
76.1

146.5
21.4
76.6

145.7
21.4
76.6

130.5
27.8
43.3

137.1
27.9
44.3

131.9
27.6
42.6

Nevada
Las Vegas ....
Reno

21.8
13.0
6.5

22.8
13.6
6.7

23.0
13.8
6.8

199.5
122.5

205.8
125.9
52.4

208.0
126.6
52.9

57.2
27.3
15.7

59.0
28.6
15.1

57.7
28.5
14.3

New Hampshire.
Manchester
Nashua

25.9
7.2
2.7

28.0
(2)
2.8

28.4
(2)
2.8

104.0
18.7
15.1

108.3
15.4

111.4
(2)
15.4

54.5
7.3
5.3

61.6
(2)
6.2

57.3
(2)
5.5

196.4

204.1
(2)
35.2

819.3
74.5
134.1
92.3
37.3
95.9
85.8

847.3
(2)

855.1
(2)

143.2
96.3

143.9
95.4
37.3
105.7
91.7
239.7
49.2

536.4
24.7
65.4
67.4
43.3
67.1
56.6

552.0
(2)
68.8
70.3
41.5
72.2
60.4
138.9
55.1

542.4
(2)
67.2
69.1
42.4
70.4
57.7
140.3
54.5

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

68



14.9
70.7

8.8
29.8
15.8
73.3

206.1
(2)
35.5
20.8
8.8
30.0
16.0
73.8

9.1

9.3

9.3

7.1
33.3
20.4
9.1
28.8

2.7

20.9

49.8

231.4
47.5
9.2

37.2
102.9
87.0
237.5
50.3

140.4
52.5
11.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Constructior

Mining

State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

7,784.4
382.2
117.6
413.8
34.9
46.0
365.3
1,082.7
3,989.4
3,481.5
80.1
92.7
116.4
450.2
94.8
287.7
119.2
396.6

7,959.3
392.9
118.0
425.4
36.6
44.5

7,925.6
390.4
116.4
422.5
36.2
46.5

1,123.2
4,072.9
3,558.7
79.8
96.0
116.4
456.4
94.7
289.3
118.9
402.6

1,111.9
4,067.2
3,552.0
79.1
95.3
117.0
450.1
94.9
288.2
118.7
403.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

2,604.2
76.8
511.1
427.7
348.1

2,733.2
77.8
528.7
442.7
360.1

2,681.7
77.1
522.2
436.8
354.6

253.1
36.0
65.1
27.8

252.2
36.5
66.7
28.3

249.3
35.8
65.8
28.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

4,383.5
257.6
153.0
630.6
878.9
602.6
405.7
260.2
184.0

4,549.1
267.1

4,515.1
265.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

V)

.1

July
1986?

38.6
18.7
2.6
3.8

38.1
18.6
2.9
3.4

38.4
18.6
3.0
3.5

325.8
17.3
5.6
18.3
1.6
2.0
(*)
56.3
146.4
116.3
3.1
4.3
6.3
17.4
4.4
16.0
4.4
24.3

332.7
18.3
5.9
18.6
1.7
2.1
2
()
56.8
147.5
116.8
3.3
4.4
6.3
18.3
4.5
16.9
4.7
24.6

.4
.2
.3

.2
.2
.3

.2
.2
.3

4.8
.1
.3
.4
.3

4.6
.1
.3
.4
.4

4.7
.1
.3
.4
.3

153.9
3.7
30.2
23.1
24.6

163.7
3.6
30.6
24.5
24.7

166.0
3.7
31.3
24.9
25.1

7.1

4.5

4.5
.2

14.1
1.9
3.9
1.9

12.5
1.6
3.4
1.9

12.9
1.6
3.7
2.0

25.2
.7

168.1
9.3
6.0
24.9
29.6
22.9
14.6
9.0
7.3

()

()

(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)

.4
.3
1.8
1.3

0)

(2)

.3
1.7
1.2
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

.7
3

1

0)

0
0)

25.0
.7

(2)

657.6
896.6
646.8
419.9
270.2
(2)

655.9
894.4
640.8
418.3
267.9
(2)

26.8
.8
1.3
.4
1.2
1.0
.4
.2
.7

1,176.8
24.3
33.7
425.6
302.7

1,163.4
(2)
33.7
413.2
302.5

1,143.7
(2)
32.8
408.1
302.2

67.8
1.7
.3
17.4
20.4

54.3
(2)

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,023.8
94.7
513.8
90.0

1,067.1
99.8
531.8
91.7

1,043.8
96.6
524.7
90.9

1.8
.2
.6
.1

1.8

Pennsylvania

4,748.2
263.6
50.2
53.4
1,653.7
110.1
278.7
77.6
166.5
2,050.6
754.0
855.3

4,847.7
265.6
51.4
53.3
1,685.1
110.6
285.1
78.2
173.9
2,100.6
762.9
868.8

4,813.0
262.9
51.0
52.2
1,665.3
109.5
284.7
78.2
173.0
2,077.2
746.7
865.5

25.3
30.3
24.6
16.0
9.6
2
()

26.2
31.2
26.1
16.8
10.2
2
()

13.5
19.4

13.2
19.2

49.6
1.0
1.4
17.9
14.2

44.7
(2)
1.3
15.6
13.0

46.1
(2)
1.4
16.1
13.4

1.9
.2
.6
.1

35.4
3.6
17.7
3.2

34.1
3.3
17.6
3.4

35.1
3.6
18.0
3.5

35.0
.5

208.8
10.4
3.0
3.7
69.4
3.4
11.0
3.1
9.0
89.4
18.1
43.7

210.4
11.1
2.8
4.4
68.9
3.6
10.6
3.2
9.7
90.1
19.6
44.3

219.9
11.8
2.9
4.5
72.3
3.9
10.8
3.4
10.0
94.1
20.3
45.6

(2)

(2)

53.2
(2)

CVI

.6
.1
35.3
.5

(3)
(3)

(3)

1.1
.3
.4
3.5
.4
1.2

1.1
.3
.4
3.6
.4
1.2

CVj

.4
4.8
.4
1.2
(3)

7.1

.5
1.1
1.0
.4
.2

.5
1.1
1.0
.4

1.1

(3)

178.0
10.6
(2)

(3)

(3)

170.8
10.2
(2)

CVi

(2)

CVI

(2)

CVi

37.6
.5
(3)

.2
.7

()

0)
(1)

()

0
3

()

()

.3
1.7
1.2
(1)

.8
3

.5

.5

.5
(1)

(2)

Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

June
1986

304.8
17.2
5.5
17.9
1.4
2.2
12.9
54.1
136.1
107.8
3.5
4.0
5.7
16.2
4.2
16.9
4.3
22.9

6.5
.3
1

1

(2)

.1

6.5
.4

7.1
.3
(1)

CVI

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

(2)

.1

(1)

CVI

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

0

15.0
.3

15.3
.3

20.3

CVI

520.2
224.0
37.1
52.6

July
1985

July
1986P

CVi

524.4
224.5
39.3
52.0

CVI

516.5
219.1
33.6
52.4

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

June
1986

July
1985

(3)

7.1

7.2

See footnotes at end of table.




69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

37.4
19.4
3.2
1.5

37.3
19.5
3.3
1.5

37.3
19.5
3.1
1.5

29.1
11.9
1.2
1.1

27.0
11.5
1.3
1.1

27.3
11.8
1.3
1.1

123.6
56.4
7.4
10.4

128.9
58.2
8.1
10.1

128.8
58.1
8.1
10.3

1,282.4
50.8
40.1
76.8
6.7
10.1
128.7
180.8
484.8
397.8
24.5
14.9
35.4
149.5
15.8
58.5
25.8
69.5

1,267.3
50.5
37.8
76.7
7.2
9.9

1,245.5
49.6
37.1
76.1
7.1
9.9

409.0
15.6
4.1
21.6
1.3
1.3

406.2
16.1
4.1
21.3
1.3
1.4

1,673.3
83.5
24.4
105.5
10.2
11.3

180.5
473.7
388.4
23.7
15.2
33.1
138.6
15.6
55.0
24.8
68.0

47.5
250.3
226.1
4.0
5.5
3.1
13.6
4.1
16.1
4.4
19.4

45.0
251.0
226.7
3.8
5.2
3.2
13.4
3.9
16.7
4.5
19.8

1,634.1
80.9
23.8
100.9
9.8
11.1
73.5
290.8
752.8
632.9
18.2
24.2
20.3
92.9
21.8
66.1
25.3
94.0

1,678.8
84.1
24.6
107.2
10.2
10.3

182.5
485.0
399.1
24.1
15.3
33.2
139.4
15.7
55.7
25.5
68.5

411.1
16.5
4.2
21.3
1.3
1.4
10.8
43.8
255.5
230.8
3.9
5.2
3.3
13.5
3.9
16.0
4.6
20.2

302.4
771.7
649.6
18.5
25.2
20.8
96.9
22.0
67.8
25.7
96.1

300.7
767.2
645.1
18.3
25.4
20.8
96.2
22.0
67.8
25.6
95.9

818.8
20.7
146.4
152.0
59.5

825.6
20.7
146.3
149.3
57.7

821.1
20.5
145.0
150.9
57.5

128.8
3.5
44.0
24.3
16.8

133.1
3.7
46.5
25.1
17.3

132.3
3.7
46.5
25.1
17.4

578.2
17.3
123.1
93.0
72.4

600.5
17.4
124.9
95.9
76.4

601.5
17.4
125.1
96.1
76.2

15.5
2.1
4.6
1 5

15.7
2.0
4.8
1.7

15.5
2.0
4.6
1.7

16.4
2.9
3.9
1.5

15.7
2.7
3.8
1.4

15.6
2.7
3.8
1.4

68.3
9.8
20.0
7.9

68.3
9.8
20.7
8.0

68.0
9.8
20.5
7.9

1,120.4
68.1
46 4
147.5
210.7
105 4
106.5
64.3
52.3

1,109.3
66.5

1,099.1
65.6

200.3
13.2

204.7
13.3

1,099.4
66.4

148.1
203.9
104.7
104.5
61.9

33.6
41.9
25.6
15.2
13.2

34.3
42.1
26.6
15.4
13.2

1,045.5
62.8
37.0
160.0
210.1
153.1
90.9
65.3
46.0

1,099.0
66.1

148 1
205.8
105 0
104.5
62.3

204.4
12.8
6.0
33.8
41.5
25.6
14.8
14.0
7.5

168.4
216.4
164.4
95.8
68.6

169.3
216.0
164.3
95.6
68.3

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

171.7
2.0
3.4
51.9
53.4

162.8

162.1

62.8

62.7

288.2

3.5
49.8
52.0

1.3
20.4
21.5

1.3
20.8
21.8

290.1
7.1
9.1
109.5
73.6

290.9

3.6
49.7
52.5

65.2
2.5
1.3
22.0
21.5

8.9
104.2
74.7

8.8
103.3
75.0

Oregon . . .
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

203.2
18.2
92.7
15.9

203.0
18.2
93 2
12.9

199.9
17.3
92.1
13.8

58.5
4.3
34.4
2.6

58.0
4.0
34.1
2.5

58.7
3.9
34.8
2.6

260.7
24.4
137.8
20.5

265.9
25.3
140.6
21.3

266.8
25.3
141.7
21.7

1,084.4
88.1
11.1
14.3
321.6
36.0
52.1
12.5
58.7
397.9
103.5
139.2

1,058.7
80.4
11.4
11.6
315.4
34.1
49.8
12.6
60.0
394.2
101.3
132.6

1,045.0
78.7
11.3
11.4
312.9
33.3
50.2
12.5
59.7
391.0
101.1
129.7

235.3
14.0
4.7
4.9
77.8
4.3
17.5
4.7
6.7
95.0
45.2
44.9

234.6
14.2
4.4
5.0
77.1
4.4
17.8
4.7
6.9
94.1
44.1
44.6

233.3
14.6
4.5
4.9
77.9
4.3
17.8
4.7
6.7
95.1
45.3
44.4

1,073.5
55.2
12.7
11.5
365.1
23.8
61.7
16.6
40.6
470.7
144.5
215.4

1,115.4
58.2
13.3
11.7
382.4
24.6
64.7
17.4
42.6
493.2
148.9
221.7

1,116.7
58.2
13.4
11.6
381.3
24.4
64.4
17.4
42.8
490.7
147.4
220.5

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens F a l l s . . . .
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina . .
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus . . .
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh . .
See footnotes at end of table.

70



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
July
1985
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986^

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

26.0
13.4
1.6
2.0

26.5
13.6
1.7
2.0

26.4
13.6
1.7
2.1

116.7
57.5
5.1
13.7

118.8
59.4
5.3
13.3

119.8
59.7
5.4
13.4

124.8
41.6
12.5
19.8

132.5
43.4
16.7
20.5

127.2
42.4
14.5
20.6

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

728.9
19.9
3.8
22.9
1.2
1.9
18.1
65.9
540.2
511.4
1.9
3.7
3.7
20.1
3.8
19.1
6.2
24.5

746.6
20.7
3.8
23.2
1.2
1.9
2
()
68.7
552.1
522.6
1.9
3.6
3.9
20.8
3.9
19.1
6.4
25.1

752.7
21.0
3.9
23.5
1.2
1.9
2
()
69.3
555.6
525.5
2.0
3.6
4.0
21.0
4.0
19.2
6.4
25.7

2,070.8
93.2
21.5
100.3
8.5
11.1
84.3
277.0
1,173.1
1,034.0
15.0
20.5
24.2
99.4
23.9
63.3
23.6
110.7

2,134.3
95.5
21.6
105.9
8.6
9.8
(2)
281.5
1,216.3
1,076.6
15.6
20.2
24.3
103.4
23.4
65.1
23.9
112.0

2,143.2
95.8
21.9
104.3
8.6
11.2
(2)
284.2
1,212.5
1,070.4
15.5
20.8
25.0
102.6
24.0
65.3
23.6
113.3

1,345.3
103.4
18.6
73.3
6.0
8.1
36.6
170.0
645.0
565.5
12.9
20.1
23.6
58.0
21.4
47.3
29.3
54.6

1,390.9
108.7
20.5
71.8
6.4
9.0
(2)
184.3
649.5
567.3
12.4
21.8
24.6
64.3
21.3
49.3
28.4
57.0

1,365.5
105.8
19.1
72.5
6.1
8.4
(2)
175.0
658.0
577.9
12.5
20.6
24.3
59.3
20.8
47.3
28.9
55.7

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

110.0
2.6
28.7
20.9
18.9

116.6
2.6
30.2
21.7
20.4

117.6
2.6
30.3
21.9
20.6

432.8
17.9
88.0
72.2
79.2

455.0
17.8
92.2
74.1
82.0

457.5
18.3
92.0
74.4
82.1

376.8
10.9
50.5
41.7
76.5

434.3
11.9
57.7
51.7
81.1

381.1
10.7
51.8
43.1
75.4

12.6
1.7
4.3
1.1

12.7
1.7
4.4
1.1

12.7
1.7
4.5
1.1

58.1
9.7
16.7
6.0

59.5
10.0
17.3
6.3

59.7
9.9
17.4
6.3

61.0
7.7
11.7
7.9

63.3
8.5
12.3
7.9

60.4
7.9
11.3
7.9

221.4
9.7
6.2
35.9
50.1
49.7
17.1
10.3
7.5

229.9
10.2
(2)
37.7
52.0
52.3
17.3
11.5
2
()

231.9
10.3
(2)
38.0
52.3
52.9
17.5
11.6
2
()

966.3
56.8
33.4
151.6
216.0
140.3
94.3
61.2
41.8

1,037.9
60.4
(2)
161.1
230.4
154.9
101.1
66.0
(2)

1,036.8
60.6
(2)
161.6
228.4
156.1
101.0
66.2
(2)

630.8
37.3
16.7
76.5
119.8
104.5
67.0
35.8
20.9

677.0
39.8
(2)
82.9
118.7
118.9
69.5
38.7
2
()

640.1
38.1
(2)
77.9
119.5
109.1
67.1
36.2
2
()

64.5

64.3
(2)
1.5
26.9
17.0

226.6
5.3
5.5
86.4
69.9

232.8
(2)
5.5
85.7
69.8

231.3
(2)
5.4
84.3
70.0

241.3
3.4
11.0
92.8
32.1

250.7
(2)
11.4
97.2
34.2

235.8
(2)
10.7
93.7
33.8

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1.7
27.7
17.6

64.4
(2)
1.5
26.9
17.4

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

68.4
4.8
43.0
5.1

70.0
4.7
43.5
5.3

70.9
4.8
43.8
5.3

215.9
20.9
118.7
16.7

228.5
22.2
125.2
17.7

229.1
22.4
124.2
17.6

179.9
18.3
68.9
25.9

205.8
21.9
77.0
28.5

181.4
19.1
69.5
26.3

267.4
10.3
1.5
1.8
123.0
5.0
15.3
4.5
6.2
143.5
66.5
50.7

276.0
10.5
1.5
1.9
126.0
5.1
16.1
4.6
6.6
146.9
68.1
52.4

278.3
10.6
1.5
1.9
126.8
5.2
16.1
4.8
6.6
147.6
68.4
52.6

1,178.4
58.0
9.8
10.3
472.3
25.1
58.0
18.5
32.0
562.1
232.4
245.2

1,238.3
61.4
10.7
10.9
487.7
26.2
61.4
18.8
33.6
584.1
241.3
256.6

1,243.2
61.2
10.5
10.9
487.7
26.5
62.1
19.0
33.7
583.1
239.7
256.0

662.8
27.1
7.4
6.9
223.4
12.3
62.7
12.9
12.9
290.8
143.8
109.1

679.0
29.3
7.3
7.8
226.5
12.3
64.3
13.3
14.1
296.8
139.6
109.5

641.6
27.3
6.9
7.0
205.3
11.6
62.9
12.9
13.1
274.4
124.5
109.5

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

1.3

See footnotes at end of table.




71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

June
1986

July
1985

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ...
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

139.3
276.2
39.8
47.7
45.6
160.3

144.8
283.2
41.0
48.0
47.6
164.5

142.1
284.2
40.3
48.3
47.6
163.0

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

423.7
126.0
297.7

431.4
130.2
305.7

424.7
126.1
301.4

1,296.2
175.0
205.6
282.0

1,350.4
179.0
210.9
291.5

1,334.9
178.3
208.1
286.6

249.4
34.1
62.6

257.1
34.6
64.1

251.3
34.3
63.0

2.5
.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

1,862.0
171.2
150.4
229.5
385.3
425.5

1,930.8
179.5
151.1
231.3
388.2
427.9

1,924.9
178.6
150.2
230.3
387.0
426.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur...
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen ...
Bryan-College Station ...
Corpus Christi

6,684.5
52.5
81.2
354.7
136.7
58.5
64.2
47.3
134.9
1,312.4
176.5
503.9
72.1
1,491.1
67.1
34.6
68.7
90.3
79.6
49.3
52.7
37.1
479.3
37.1
46.2
63.0
30.1
77.3
51.6

6,674.2
52.2
81.1
363.1
128.6
58.3
65.5
2
()
133.2
1,357.0
178.3
511.2
73.4
1,475.1
68.9
(2)
67.5
89.4
86.0
46.6
47.2
(2)
486.3

6,666.6
51.9
80.8
364.4
128.0
57.1
65.5
2
()
133.1
1,347.8
177.7
509.2
71.8
1,469.8
68.9
(2)
67.2
89.2
81.8
46.4
46.6
2
()
483.6

63.8
(2)
77.5

63.0
(2)
76.6

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden.

621.8
68.1
434.1

636.4
71.0
446.9

634.0
69.9
446.3

Vermont
Burlington ..
Springfield .

220.8
66.7
13.6

227.5
67.9
14.0

223.4
66.7
13.6

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .
South Dakota.
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ....

El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission .
Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison.
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




July
1985

July
1986?

July
1986P

June
1986

6.4
12.0
1.3
2.1
1.9
8.8

6.5
11.8
1.5
2.1
2.0
8.9

6.6
12.6
1.7
2.2
2.1
9.4

.2
.1
.1

16.4
4.7
11.3

16.1
4.7
11.8

16.4
4.7
12.1

1.8

86.6
13.7
13.0
20.7

90.7
13.4
13.5
20.5

91.0
13.6
13.7
20.7

2.4
.3

2.4
.3

11.0
2.0
3.7

10.2
1.8
3.6

10.9
1.9
3.8

7.6
1.0
.1
1.8
.1
.7

6.7
1.0
.1
1.3
.1
.7

6.9
1.0
.1
1.6
.1
.6

86.1
6.5
6.7
11.1
18.2
27.5

84.4
7.1
5.4
11.5
17.7
26.9

87.2
7.5
5.5
11.8
18.1
28.2

261.3
4.0
1.9
1.1
2.5
1.9
.1
1.3
8.1
24.2
.3
4.4
.8
92.4
.1
2.2
4.6
.6
1.7
11.5
9.2
.9
3.3
.3
.1
2.8
3.2

205.2
3.4
1.5
1.1
1.4
1.7
.1

202.8
3.4
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.6
.1

433.1
2.9
4.0
25.6
8.4
6.1
3.1

6.3
22.3
.4
3.5
.5
82.0
.1

6.2
22.2
.3
3.5
.4
80.2
.1

4.2
.4
1.3
9.2
6.9

4.1
.4
1.4
9.3
6.8

2.7

2.7

434.1
3.0
4.0
25.7
8.4
5.8
3.2
2
()
11.6
80.2
9.5
33.5
2.9
98.9
4.1
(2)
3.2
4.3
4.5
2.3
2.3
(2)
35.3

2.1

2.1

460.5
2.9
4.7
28.4
10.1
6.1
3.3
2.8
11.4
88.4
9.5
34.9
3.5
108.9
4.4
1.5
3.7
4.6
4.8
2.4
3.6
2.3
38.0
1.8
2.4
3.0
2.6
4.6
2.2

0.8
.2
.3

0.8
.2
.3

0.8
.2
.3

.2
.1
.1

.1
.1
.1
1.8

1.8
()

()
0)

()

O

0

3.0
7.8
.1
1.8

7.8
.1
1.8

0)1

0)1

11.2
82.4
9.5
33.0
2.9
98.2
4.0
3.2
4.5
4.6
2.3
2.5
35.6
(*)
2.9

3.0
4.8

38.
3.8
25.6

35.6
3.6
25.1

36.3
3.7
25.5

16.6
4.:
1.3

14.3
3.9
1.3

14.1
3.7
1.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing3
State and area
July
1985
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

June
1986

July
1986?

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

48.5
72.3
10.2
7.8
14.7
57.9

48.3
73.3
10.0
7.8
15.2
57 2

47.3
72.5
9.9
7.7
15.1
57.3

5.7
14.3
2.0
1.2
1.9
6.7

6.2
15.0
1.8
1.2
1.8
7.1

6.1
14.7
1.7
1.2
1.9
6.8

29.9
60.3
10.0
9.0
10.2
37.9

30.7
61.6
10.4
8.9
10.6
39.0

30.9
62.1
10.4
8.9
10.8
38.7

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

117.2
53.2
75 2

119.8
55.7
77 0

115.5
52.6
74.3

13.6
3.4
10.3

13.9
3.5
10.5

14.2
3.5
10.8

95.2
29.3
65.1

95.7
29.9
67.1

95.8
29.7
67.1

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

361.6
19.7
27.7
96.8

363.3
19.8
27.7
96.5

359.0
19.8
27.7
95.4

56.9
9.4
9.6
10.3

57.1
9.2
9.2
10.3

57.4
9.5
9.7
10.4

287.8
42.9
44.9
64.0

299.2
42.8
46.8
66.5

303.0
42.8
46.7
67.0

28.3
3.9
8.6

28.4
3.9
8.1

28.7
4.0
8.3

12.6
1.8
4.6

12.0
1.6
4.3

12.3
1.7
4.5

67.5
10.2
16.9

67.7
10.0
16.6

67.4
10.3
16.4

488.4
43.4
51.6
49.0
52.8
89.0

484.8
43.7
51.3
45.5
51.6
89.7

482.8
43.0
51.5
45.3
51.5
89.2

90.9
8.2
5.6
8.7
32.4
21.8

90.4
7.9
5.7
8.4
33.2
19.6

92.3
8.0
5.6
8.8
33.6
20.4

440.9
40.4
33.6
56.4
107.9
104.5

467.1
38.7
33.3
56.0
107.4
104.4

470.2
39.5
34.1
56.8
107.6
105.3

1 009.0
5.4
10.2
42 7
27.3
16.7
10.0
3.7
13.0
233.7
36.1
114.8
10.8
174.5
8.9
1 8
16.4
80
11.3
3.8
5.2
5.5
50.7
11.9
7.8
12.0
3.2
16.7
8.4

972.6
5.1
10.2
41 2
25.0
15.6
9.1

965.8
5.1
10.2
41.0
25.1
15.5
9.1

370.3
2.7
5.9
11.3
9.4
2.1
3.3

377.4
2.7
6.1
11.5
9.6
2.2
3.4

1,721.8
14.5
24.8
82.8
32.4
11.4
18.4

12.2
235.8
34.1
113.8
9.7
161.3
8.9

7.4
85.7
9.1
27.3
5.5
98.3
2.9

7.3
85.7
9.2
28.1
5.6
99.8
2.9

34.1
360.5
46.0
138.3
14.3
370.5
16.5

34.2
360.6
46.0
138.3
14.4
370.7
16.5

15.6
72
12.5
3.6
4.5

15.5
71
11.8
3.6
4.4

3.6
4.3
2.6
2.3
2.2

3.6
4.4
2.6
2.3
2.3

18.0
27.4
26.9
11.0
13.9

18.0
27.1
25.0
10.8
13.7

48.7

48.7

1,709.7
14.2
24.2
80.3
33.5
11.7
18.5
10.9
34.4
349.2
44.5
136.1
14.3
381.7
16.4
10.5
17.6
27.0
24.5
11.2
14.7
9.5
125.4
8.1
10.9
17.1
8.3
18.9
13.0

1,717.3
14.5
24.9
82.4
32.5
11.4
18.4

12.0
234.8
34.1
114.5
9.7
162.5
8.9

387.0
2.9
6.4
106
10.4
2.2
3.4
1.6
7.7
83.7
9.9
26.7
5.7
101.3
2.9
3.8
3.7
46
2.6
2.4
2.6
3.0
19.2
2.0
2.1
3.1
1.6
3.6
2.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden
Vermont
Burlington
Springfield . ...

. . .

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
.
.
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
. . .
Nashville

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur .
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

. . .

.

11.7

11.0

15.7

15.4

93.9
11.6
63.5

93.0
11.8
62.5

92.4
11.5
62.3

48.3
17.0
3.8

49.4
16.4
3.7

48.0
16.5
3.5

18.5
/2\
/2\

18.6
/2\
/2\

3.1

3.1

3.6

3.6

37.2
2.3
29.0

37.2
2.2
28.5

37.8
2.2
28.8

9.4
2.8
.6

9.7
2.8
.6

9.8
2.8
.7

126.5

127.3
I2\
/2\

17.7

17.7

18.9

18.9

148.1
14.5
108.3

152.4
15.0
111.3

152.6
15.2
111.0

50.4
15.4
2.5

51.8
16.2
2.9

52.5
16.1
2.8

See footnotes at end of table.




73

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

government

State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986"

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre ...
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

7.2
11.7
1.3
1.5
2.3
4.7

7.8
12.2
1.3
1.5
2.3
5.0

8.0
12.3
1.3
1.5
2.3
5.0

27.0
65.2
9.9
8.4
8.8
27.1

29.1
68.8
10.5
8.9
9.2
29.4

28.6
70.0
10.3
8.9
9.4
28.8

14.6
39.6
4.9
17.4
5.8
16.8

16.2
39.7
5.3
17.3
6.5
17.5

14.6
39.2
4.8
17.6
6.0
16.6

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

23.6
3.6
19.7

23.6
3.5
19.8

23.7
3.5
19.9

101.8
22.5
74.0

104.9
22.8
77.1

102.8
22.5
75.5

55.7
9.2
42.0

57.3
10.0
42.3

56.1
9.5
41.6

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .

58.7
8.5
17.1
11.2

59.8
8.6
18.2
11.2

60.3
8.6
18.3
11.3

215.5
33.1
37.8
46.5

227.0
36.2
38.7
47.9

226.7
36.2
38.6
48.0

227.3
47.6
55.2
32.2

251.5
48.9
56.5
38.2

235.7
47.7
53.1
33.4

South Dakota.
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ....

14.1
1.7
5.8

14.1
1.7
5.8

14.1
1.7
5.8

59.1
8.7
16.5

60.5
8.7
17.5

60.8
8.7
17.5

54.2
5.5
6.3

61.8
6.6
8.1

54.6
5.7
6.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

91.3
10.7
4.8
9.0
22.6
29.8

90.9
11.2
4.7
8.1
23.2
29.8

92.3
11.4
4.7
8.2
23.2
30.2

363.2
33.3
24.1
49.3
88.1
92.7

393.2
40.0
24.5
52.1
88.2
94.7

395.5
38.9
24.5
52.2
88.3
93.2

293.5
27.8
23.9
44.3
63.2
59.5

313.3
29.9
26.1
48.4
66.8
62.1

297.7
29.3
24.2
45.6
64.6
59.2

443.0
2.8
4.6
24.8
5.8
2.4
3.6
2.1
7.0
127.3
9.2
28.1
4.7
110.9
3.0
1.5
3.4
5.4
3.8
3.3
1.9
2.0
35.7
1.4
1.9
3.9
1.7
4.7
2.4

455.4
2.8
4.4
25.7
5.3
2.3
3.6
(2)
7.0
133.6
9.5
28.0
4.7
115.2
3.0
(2)
3.5
5.2
4.0
3.1
1.9
2
()
37.3
(2)
(2)
4.1
(2)
4.8
(2)

457.8
2.8
4.4
25.6
5.3
2.3
3.6
(2)
7.0
133.7
9.5
28.3
4.7
115.4
3.0
(2)
3.5
5.4
4.0
3.1
1.9
2
()
37.3
(2)
(2)
4.1
(2)
4.8
(2)

1,360.7
12.8
16.6
81.0
28.4
8.1
12.8
7.6
27.3
277.8
33.2
102.5
13.4
348.6
12.6
5.6
11.8
19.8
12.8
9.2
8.1
7.6
107.8
7.0
8.5
13.2
5.4
17.8
9.7

1,386.0
12.9
16.8
84.5
27.6
8.3
13.7
2
()
27.7
296.3
34.3
107.0
13.5
358.4
13.5
(2)
11.7
19.8
13.4
9.0
8.0
2
()
111.0
(2)
(2)
13.6
(2)
17.7
(2)

1,389.1
12.9
16.7
85.1
27.3
8.3
13.9
2
()
27.8
295.3
34.0
106.8
13.7
358.8
13.7
(2)
11.6
20.0
13.3
9.0
8.0
2
()
111.4
(2)
(2)
13.6
(2)
17.8
(2)

1,053.3
7.5
12.6
85.8
18.7
9.4
12.5
17.3
26.0
128.1
33.8
56.4
18.9
172.8
18.8
7.7
7.5
20.3
18.1
5.5
7.4
6.3
99.2
4.6
12.5
7.9
4.1
10.8
10.0

1,134.3
7.9
13.4
91.3
19.0
10.8
14.2
2
()
27.5
141.4
35.4
59.6
22.3
190.0
20.0
(2)
7.7
20.6
20.7
6.1
7.3
2
()
106.0
(2)
(2)
8.6
(2)
12.0
(2)

1,117.8
7.5
13.2
91.6
18.6
10.0
13.8
(*)
26.8
134.3
35.1
56.9
20.4
184.7
19.7

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden.

31.2
2.1
25.7

33.1
2.2
27.5

33.3
2.2
27.6

132.0
21.3
92.7

136.1
23.0
95.6

138.1
23.0
97.2

131.9
12.4
87.1

141.2
13.1
94.7

135.8
12.0
92.0

Vermont
Burlington ..
Springfield .

10.2
2.9
.4

10.7
3.0
.4

10.8
3.1
.4

52.8
15.4
3.5

53.5
15.4
3.3

53.5
15.6
3.4

32.5
8.9
1.5

37.3
10.2
1.8

33.9
8.9
1.5

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission .
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

74




7.7
20.5
19.2
6.0
7.2
(2)
102.3
(2)
(2)
8.4
(2)
11.1
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Constructior )

State and area
July
1985

July
1986P

June
1986

July
1986?

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986"

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesvllle
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,443.1
28.7
56.9
38.1
69.4
516.8
624.6
402.1
114.0

2,559.3
30.6
(2)
(2)
72.5
536.4
660.0
411.4
115.6

2,534.9
30.4
(2)
(2)
70.8
529.6
661.8
403.7
114.9

17.6
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.6
.3
.1

17.3
.1
()
(2)
.1
.1
.6
.4
.2

17.1
.1
()
(2)
.1
.1
.6
.4
.2

161.2
1.5
3.8
1.6
2.8
35.6
44.6
25.2
7.4

169.0
1.6
()
(2)
3.2
38.8
48.5
24.8
7.7

Washington
Seattle

1,710.6
853.8

1,775.1
888.1

1,760.6
889.7

2.9
.5

2.9
.5

2.9
.5

86.0
44.0

84.7
45.8

86.8
46.5

605.2
109.6
100.6
57.8
57.9

600.7
108.0
100.6
58.5
57.3

603.7
109.5
101.0
57.8
57.8

45.0
2.5
1.2
1.1
2.7

40.9
2.5
1.2
.9
2.3

40.8
2.5
1.2
.9
2.3

25.9
4.8
4.4
3.2
2.2

25.6
4.8
4.3
2.9
2.0

26.3
4.9
4.3
3.0
2.1

1,982.3
136.4
50.4
87.5
51.5
38.2
46.5
187.2
659.0
66.1
44.5
42.1

2,040.9
140.2
52.7
90.2
53.7
37.5
48.3
191.7
677.1
67.7
45.7
43.2

2,023.7
139.6
52.7
89.2
52.7
36.9
48.2
190.8
667.9
66.4
46.0
43.4

3.0

70.0
6.4
2.0
3.9
1.4
1.3
1.3
7.4
20.6
1.6
1.2
1.3

69.5
6.2
1.8
3.3
1.5
1.2
1.2
6.4
20.6
1.9
1.4
1.6

71.0
6.4
1.9
3.6
1.4
1.1
1.2
6.5
20.9
2.0
1.4
1.8

213.1

205.5

203.0

21.9

18.2

15.6

16.3

674.0
42.2
48.4
41.2
418.3

704.9
42.9
50.6
43.2
436.0

700.9
43.1
50.2
43.1
433.6

25.0

1.8
20.1

27.5
(1)
1
()
2.4
22.5

37.3

36.4

37.3

2.6

2.7

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

Puerto Rico

Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands

June
1986

July
1985

2

2.7

2.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

O
(11)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
O

22.1

.7

0)

.7
(1)
(1)
(1)

(1)

0)
(1)

01
(1)
()
O
(1)
O
(11)
(1)
(1)
()
0)

V)
0)
(11)
(1)
()
0)

26.1

2

.3

.3
(1)

.7
(1)

01
()
(1)

0
O
.3

2

171.4
1.7

i2)
(2)

3.3
39.3
49.5
24.8
7.6

27.7

01
()

2.5

22.4

2.8

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

417.9
9.3
8.9
16.6
24.8
68.1
32.0
63.2
20.9

427.5
9.8
(2)
(*)
24.2
68.4
32.8
59.9
20.7

428.0
9.8
(*)
2
()
23.9
68.4
32.7
61.6
20.5

133.7
1.1
2.1
.9
3.0
25.8
43.7
21.7
9.4

130.0
1.2
(2)
2
()
3.1
24.8
41.0
21.1
9.7

135.1
1.1
(2)
2
()
3.1
24.9
45.4
21.7
9.7

549.2
7.4
11.5
8.1
13.0
126.5
143.7
96.4
28.9

Washington
Seattle

295.9
163.5

299.5
170.2

296.0
171.0

96.0
56.8

95.6
57.9

96.4
57.9

89.9
13.8
19.7
14.4
7.3

88.4
12.3
19.3
14.8
7.6

87.5
12.4
19.1
14.2
7.7

38.5
8.7
8.1
2.0
3.3

36.4
8.4
7.5
2.0
3.2

523.7
49.3
9.6
24.6
18.2
13.2
10.7
21.8
169.9
23.8
18.6
11.3

524.4
50.7
10.0
24.7
18.0
11.2
10.7
21.6
171.5
23.4
18.4
11.4

524.3
49.9
10.1
25.1
17.7
11.0
10.7
21.7
169.7
22.8
18.3
11.5

92.0
4.7
2.6
6.2
1.9
1.3
2.4
6.4
34.8
2.1
1.3
2.4

8.1

8.1

8.0

145.9
14.4
19.8
8.0
66.4

149.2
14.7
21.2
8.3
65.9

2.1

1.6

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
.
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

76




.....

June
1986

July
1986P

13.8
130.0
155.8
99.1
29.6

577.9
7.5
(2)
(2)
13.8
131.0
155.8
98.7
29.7

425.7
212.6

441.4
220.9

443.9
223.6

36.9
8.5
7.5
2.0
3.2

135.4
28.1
26.0
13.9
14.9

135.7
28.2
26.7
13.9
14.8

135.8
28.4
26.7
14.1
15.0

95.0
4.8
2.5
6.3
2.0
1.2
2.4
6.5
35.6
2.1
1.4
2.5

92.9
4.7
2.6
6.2
1.9
1.2
2.4
6.5
34.5
2.1
1.4
2.4

468.7
29.1
14.5
22.3
12.8
8.4
12.6
39.9
150.7
15.2
8.6
10.5

478.4
29.5
15.4
22.5
13.3
8.6
12.7
41.1
154.4
15.8
8.6
10.9

480.4
29.7
15.3
22.3
13.2
8.7
12.8
41.1
155.2
15.8
8.7
10.9

15.1

14.7

14.6

47.7

44.1

44.9

148.8
15.1
21.0
8.3
65.7

14.5
(1)

14.5

10.9

14.4
(1)
1
()
(1)
10.9

10.8

117.9
8.1
6.1
6.4
81.1

122.1
8.0
6.2
6.4
84.0

121.2
8.0
6.1
6.2
83.5

1.6

2.2

2.3

2.3

7.9

8.1

8.0

O

V)

O
O
(1)

575.2
7.5

O
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
July
1985
Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

126.3

Washington
Seattle
West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands

July
1986?

July
1985

July

July
1985

June
1986

536.5
5.5

July
1986^
500.4
5.2

572.6
4.1

488.3
4.5
16.8
4.3

12.7
124.7
194.9
83.0
26.5

12.4
124.8
195.3
82.8
26.5

10.0
117.3
134.7

6.9

120.0
187.2
80.0
25.8

82.8
14.6

145.4
88.3
14.3

104.5
65.5

105.3
65.9

376.7
191.7

389.2
199.8

389.7
199.5

327.0
121.4

357.3
127.5

339.6
124.8

23.9
5.9
3.9
2.1
2.9

24.2
6.0
3.9
2.2
3.0

24.2
6.0
3.9
2.2
3.0

116.2
23.6
18.6
11.9
15.3

120.5
24.4
19.1
12.3
14.7

120.4
24.6
19.2
12.3
14.9

130.4
22.2
18.7
9.2

129.0
21.4
18.6
9.5

131.8
22.2
19.1

9.3

9.6

9.1
9.6

105.7
6.9
1.9
3.1
1.7
1.0
1.4
15.3
45.1
2.3
2.0
3.4

109.0
7.1
2.0
3.2
1.7
1.1
1.5
16.9
45.6
2.3
2.0
3.3

109.9
7.1
2.0
3.2
1.7
1.1
1.4
17.2
46.1
2.3
2.0
3.3

421.2
24.4

431.5
25.5

306.5
15.1

11.3
19.7

298.3
15.4
9.1

330.3
16.4

10.6
18.1

9.7

9.6
7.6

10.4

435.9
26.5
11.5
19.6
10.3
7.8
13.5

9.2
6.0
5.3

166.9
13.8
8.2
7.8

56.1
73.9
7.9
5.2
5.5

9.2
9.1
6.4
6.0
6.2
56.7
73.6

13.0
7.5
7.6

40.9
167.4
13.4

10.3
6.7
6.4
6.6
57.6
82.0
8.4
5.6
5.7

8.1

8.0

8.1

39.8

37.5

50.0

55.4

51.3

31.5

31.6

264.4
15.2
15.5
15.3

263.6
15.1
15.3
15.2

157.2

157.2

13.0

14.1

132.4
.9

548.9

3.6
23.6
41.0
34.7
6.9

3.6
23.5
41.8
35.0

12.3

100.4
63.3

3.9
10.6
5.5

12.1
40.0

163.6

1.8

25.5
1.7

25.6
1.7

41.3

8.5

7.9

5.9

11.9

10.7

126.0

117.6
140.6
78.8

13.7

8.0
5.6
5.5

37.8

7.1
65.2

7.4

7.5
68.1

250.7
14.6
15.3
14.6
149.6

6.5

7.0

6.8

14.2

92.8

0

0)
24.6

7.8
13.4

95.0
(1)

)

,

June

572.5
4.1

131.3
1.0

1.0
3.1
1.1
3.5
23.5
38.0
32.4
6.8

30.7

Not available.
Publication of data has been suspended because of budget cuts.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.




June

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1985 benchmarks except
Michigan. Data for Michigan have been adjusted to December 1984 benchmarks.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101,84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4

Construction
Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.31

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.09

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1985:
August
September.
October
November..
December..
1986:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July"
Augusf

35.2
35.0
34.9
34.8
35.2

$8.52
8.67
8.64
8.66
8.71

$299.90
303.45
301.54
301.37
306.59

43.3
43.7
43.2
43.2
43.8

$11.99
12.05
12.00
12.07
12.27

$519.17
526.59
518.40
521.42
537.43

38.4
38.5
38.3
36.7
36.9

$12.28
12.46
12.42
12.28
12.47

$471.55
479.71
475.69
450.68
460.14

34.7
34.4
34.7
34.6
34.7
34.9
35.0
35.1

8.72
8.74
8.73
8.72
8.72
8.71
8.69
8.69

302.58
300.66
302.93
301.71
302.58
303.98
304.15
305.02

44.4
42.4
42.3
42.0
41.8
42.0
41.5
41.7

12.24
12.32
12.35
12.43
12.44
12.50
12.46
12.47

543.46
522.37
522.41
522.06
519.99
525.00
517.09
520.00

37.2
35.2
36.4
37.6
37.9
37.8
38.2
38.3

12.34
12.35
12.22
12.29
12.33
12.31
12.31
12.42

459.05
434.72
444.81
462.10
467.31
465.32
470.24
475.69

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964.
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970...
1971 ...
1972...
1973...
1974...
1975...
1976...
1977...
1978...
1979...

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980.
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.53

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
385.97

Hourly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1985:
August
September
October
November
December
1986:
January ....
February ..
March
April
May
June
Julyp
Augusf ....

40.5
40.8
40.8
40.9
41.7

$9.49
9.57
9.56
9.63
9.74

$9.12
9.16
9.17
9.23
9.31

$384.35
390.46
390.05
393.87
406.16

39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.7

$11.42
11.54
11.48
11.59
11.61

$454.52
458.14
453.46
457.81
460.92

38.5
38.5
38.4
38.5
38.6

$9.12
9.22
9.16
9.23
9.33

$351.12
354.97
351.74
355.36
360.14

40.7
40.3
40.7
40.5
40.6
40.8
40.2
40.7

9.70
9.70
9.72
9.70
9.71
9.70
9.73
9.68

9.31
9.33
9.33
9.33
9.34
9.32
9.35
9.26

394.79
390.91
395.60
392.85
394.23
395.76
391.15
393.98

39.0
39.2
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.4
39.6

11.59
11.64
11.62
11.55
11.54
11.57
11.60
11.56

452.01
456.29
457.83
450.45
450.06
455.86
457.04
457.78

38.3
38.0
38.3
38.3
38.4
38.5
38.5
38.5

9.28
9.36
9.33
9.29
9.29
9.32
9.30
9.31

355.42
355.68
357.34
355.81
356.74
358.82
358.05
358.44

See footnotes at end of table.

80




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.89

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.43

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1985:
August
September.
October
November..
December..
1986:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
Julyp
Augustp

30.1
29.4
29.2
29.1
29.8

$5.88
5.98
5.95
5.97
5.99

$176.99
175.81
173.74
173.73
178.50

36.3
36.5
36.3
36.2
36.7

$7.91
8.04
8.01
8.06
8.15

$287.13
293.46
290.76
291.77
299.11

32.8
32.4
32.5
32.3
32.5

$7.82
7.99
7.99
8.05
8.12

$256.50
258.88
259.68
260.02
263.90

28.7
28.6
28.9
28.9
29.1
29.5
29.9
29.9

6.03
6.04
6.03
6.01
6.00
5.99
5.97
5.95

173.06
172.74
174.27
173.69
174.60
176.71
178.50
177.91

36.4
36.8
36.7
36.4
36.3
36.6
36.4
36.5

8.14
8.28
8.30
8.29
8.31
8.37
8.31
8.32

296.30
304.70
304.61
301.76
301.65
306.34
302.48
303.68

32.4
32.4
32.4
32.4
32.4
32.6
32.8
32.9

8.12
8.17
8.18
8.12
8.10
8.10
8.03
8.04

263.09
264.71
265.03
263.09
262.44
264.06
263.38
264.52

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1985 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1985 forward are subject to revision.

81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining .

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

35.1

35.2

34.9

35.0

35.1

42.8

43.3

42.0

41.5

41.7

41.0
42.0
42.2

40.6
39.5
41.1

41.2
40.9
42.1

40.4
40.5
40.6

41.2
41.3

40.6
40.6

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

0
01
02

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

1,12
2

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

3
31,2
38

44.0
42.3
44.8

43.8
41.8
44.7

41.9
42.1
41.7

42.3
42.4
42.2

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

4
42

45.6
47.3

45.5
47.5

45.1
46.4

45.5
47.3

38.6

38.4

37.8

38.2

Construction .

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
986P

Aug.

38.3

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

5
52
53
54

37.6
37.0
39.9
38.0

37.5
37.0
39.7
38.0

37.5
37.1
39.5
37.8

37.5
37.0
39.5
38.0

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

6
61
162

43.0
45.0
41.8

42.4
43.6
41.8

41.6
42.5
41.1

42.6
43.2
42.2

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.6
38.7
35.9
39.0
35.9
35.5
35.8

37.4
38.5
35.6
38.9
35.9
35.9
35.4

36.8
38.3
34.9
38.7
35.2
34.4
33.6

37.2
38.6
35.8
39.2
35.6
34.5
34.4

40.1

40.5

40.8

40.2

40.7

3.1

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.6

40.6

41.0

41.4

40.7

41.1

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.3

3.6

Manufacturing.
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

39.7
38.5
40.0
40.2
39.1
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.3
40.3
38.0
39.0
38.9
40.0

40.5
39.8
41.0
41.3
39.5
41.0
42.2
39.9
39.7
41.2
38.4
39.0
38.9
40.4

40.6
40.1
41.3
41.5
40.9
41.1
41.2
40.7
40.6
41.6
38.5
39.3
39.3
40.3

39.9
39.1
40.7
40.8
40.4
40.0
40.4
39.3
39.8
40.1
37.9
39.8
40.0
39.3

40.4

3.4
2.9
4.0
4.3
2.2
3.6
3.8
2.8
2.9
4.6
2.3
2.5
2.3
3.0

3.6
3.7
4.0
4.3
2.6
3.9
4.3
3.0
3.0
4.6
2.2
3.0
2.8
3.2

3.8
4.2
4.6
4.8
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.4
3.2
4.7
2.6
2.5
2.2
3.2

3.5
3.6
4.2
4.5
2.9
3.5
3.3
3.1
3.2
4.4
2.3
3.0
2.8
3.1

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

38.3
37.3
37.4
35.7
39.9
39.4
39.8
40.1
39.9
39.

39.4
38.6
38.8
37.9
38.9
39.8
40.8
40.0
40.7
41.6

39.5
38.7
39.1
37.8
38.7
39.1
40.7
40.0
41.8
40.1

38.7
37.7
38.3
36.6
37.6
38.3
39.6
39.2
41.6
40.1

39.8

2.0
1.4
1.3
.9
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.7
3.;
2.5

2.5
1.9
2.0
1.4
2.4
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.6
3.1

2.5
2.1
2.4
1.5
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.1
3.5
2.6

2.2
1.7
1.9
1.1
2.0
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.8
2.;

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .

32
321
322

42.3
44.9
41.0

42.4
45.1
40.8

42.8
44.0
41.6

42.5
46.0
40.9

42.9

5.
6.4
4.4

5.;
6.8
4.4

5.1
6.;
4.

5.3
7.1
4.

See footnotes at end of table.

82



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private .
Mining .
Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores .

10
101
102

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

11,12
12

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

$8.52

$8.52

$8.71

$8.69

$8.69 $299.05 $299.90 $303.98 $304.15 $305.02

11.92

11.99

12.50

12.46

12.47 510.18

519.17

525.00

517.09

13.44
12.69
13.78

13.54
13.36
13.52

13.52
14.20
13.17

13.47
14.07
12.74

551.04
532.98
581.52

549.72
527.72
555.67

557.02
580.78
554.46

544.19
569.84
517.24

15.11
15.16

15.25
15.31

588.65
591.35

622.53
626.11

619.15
621.59

587.83
590.10

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

11.05
13.13
10.16

11.12
13.09
10.27

11.71
13.72
10.35

11.60
13.81
10.10

486.20
555.40
455.17

487.06
547.16
459.07

490.65
577.61
431.60

490.68
585.54
426.22

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels .
Crushed and broken stone

10.14
9.59

10.22
9.82

10.42
9.88

10.45
9.97

462.38
453.61

465.01
466.45

469.94
458.43

475.48
471.58

12.21

12.28

12.31

12.31

12.42 471.31

471.55

465.32

470.24

14
142

Construction

Aug.
1986P

520.00

475.69

General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction .

15
152
153
154

11.11
10.44
9.15
11.91

11.22
10.69
9.22
11.88

11.24
10.66
9.57
11.96

11.21
10.61
9.56
11.94

417.7'4
386.28
365.09
452.58

420.75
395.53
366.03
451.44

421.50 420.38
395.49* 392.57
378.02 377.62
452.09 453.72

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway .

16
161
162

12.02
11.45
12.39

12.19
11.44
12.64

11.97
11.78
12.09

11.95
11.84
12.02

516.86
515.25
517.90

516.86
498.78
528.35

497.95
500.65
496.90

509.07
511.49
507.24

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning ...
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating .
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

12.78
13.00
12.1;
14.2;
12.94
11.83
11.26

12.79
13.02
12.04
14.20
13.00
11.94
11.35

12.89
13.10
12.15
14.31
13.08
12.49
11.34

12.90
13.17
12.18
14.26
13.03
12.55
11.41

480.53
503.10
435.11
554.58
464.55
419.97
403.11

478.35
501.27
428.62
552.38
466.70
428.65
401.79

474.35
501.73
424.04
553.80
460.42
429.66
381.02

479.88
508.36
436.04
558.99
463.87
432.98
392.50

9.55

9.49

9.70

9.73

9.68 382.96

384.35

395.76

391.15

393.98

10.10

10.06

10.26

10.27

10.22 410.06

412.46

424.76

417.99

420.04

Manufacturing.
Durable goods .
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

8.2;
10.90
8.58
9.00
6.2
8.03
8.22
7.16
6.71
9.8
5.78
7.24
7.30
7.14

8.27
11.01
8.56
8.98
6.31
8.08
8.36
7.19
6.70
9.86
5.82
7.4;
7.52
7.13

8.43
11.35
8.69
9.11
6.52
8.25
8.47
7.55
6.78
9.73
5.93
7.66
7.71
7.21

8.35
11.22
8.54
8.94
6.48
8.15
8.28
7.51
6.82
9.59
5.93
7.65
7.74
7.22

8.40 326.33
419.65
343.20
361.80
245.16
322.81
332.91
284.97
263.70
397.76
219.64
282.36
283.97
285.60

334.94
438.20
350.96
370.87
249.25
331.28
352.79
286.88
265.99
406.23
223.49
289.38
292.53
288.05

342.26
455.14
358.90
378.07
266.67
339.08
348.96
307.29
275.27
404.77
228.31
301.04
303.00
290.56

333.17
438.70
347.58
364.75
261.79
326.00
334.51
295.14
271.44
384.56
224.75
304.47
309.60
283.75

339.36

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture ....
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture .
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures .

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

7.20
6.53
6.03
7.03
6.9
7.08
8.18
7.70
8.73
7.58

7.20
6.58
6.07
7.09
7.00
7.09
8.0'
7.71
8.67
7.7

7.46
6.85
6.37
7.4;
7.06
7.31
8.34
7.8
8.91
7.8'

7.44
6.79
6.30
7.30
7.30
7.18
8.26
7.89
8.97
7.85

7.47 275.76
243.57
225.52
250.97
278.10
278.95
325.56
308.77
348.33
300.93

283.68
253.99
235.52
268.71
272.30
282.18
329.26
308.40
352.87
320.74

294.67
265.10
249.07
280.48
273.22
285.82
339.44
314.80
372.44
315.59

287.93
255.98
241.29
267.18
274.48
274.99
327.10
309.29
373.15
314.79

297.31

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown .

32
321
322

9.90
13.86
10.87

9.8
13.97
10.86

10.04
13.90
11.01

10.06
14.27
11.06

418.77
622.31
445.67

418.49
630.05
443.09

429.71
611.60
458.02

427.55
656.42
452.35

432.00

10.0

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
OOUc

Average overtime hours
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July

Aug.

1986P

1986P

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ....
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

41.2
40.7
40.5
40.9
40.9
38.4
45.1
45.7
44.3
44.9
40.6
39.3
42.0

41.4
40.1
41.0
40.6
41.3
39.5
44.9
46.6
44.4
44.2
40.7
38.9
41.7

42.0
41.0
42.2
40.9
41.9
39.9
44.8
46.2
44.2
44.3
41.5
41.4
43.4

40.9
41.0
41.5
41.2
41.3
38.8
44.7
46.1
44.4
44.4
41.2
42.1
42.7

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

41.2
41.4
41.4
42.0
40.3
40.5
38.0
39.5
41.5
41.8
42.0
42.0
41.5
41.7
40.6
40.8

41.3
41.2
41.0
42.6
40.5
41.1
38.8
38.7
41.4
41.8
42.2
42.2
42.1
41.8
41.8
42.5

41.8
41.6
41.5
41.9
41.4
41.5
38.8
41.8
41.5
41.1
42.4
42.5
42.4
42.1
41.7
42.2

41.1
41.5
41.7
40.3
40.1
39.4
40.2
40.3
41.4
41.9
41.5
41.0
42.2
41.2
40.3
41.1

41.7
41.8

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

40.8
44.6
45.0
40.0
39.2
40.2
39.2
39.7
38.1
40.9
42.8
41.0
40.6
39.7
38.8
41.4
41.2
41.6
41.7
41.3
43.2
40.2
40.3
39.8
41.3
40.9
40.2
39.4
38.9
39.7

41.2
44.7
45.3
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.3
40.2
40.0
41.5
42.6
42.1
41.5
40.2
39.9
41.7
41.1
42.3
41.7
41.7
42.5
40.8
40.4
39.6
42.0
40.8
40.3
40.1
39.9
40.3

41.3
44.4
44.6
40.8
40.3
41.1
40.2
41.1
38.6
40.8
41.9
40.7
41.4
39.7
39.8
42.5
40.8
44.1
42.8
41.9
44.9
40.5
40.8
40.5
41.3
40.7
39.6
40.3
39.6
40.7

40.4
44.1
44.5
39.6
39.4
39.7
38.8
40.0
37.6
40.5
41.9
40.2
40.1
39.6
39.5
41.5
40.9
42.2
41.0
41.6
42.1
39.5
40.2
39.8
41.0
39.4
39.8
39.5
38.7
39.2

41.0

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

40.8
41.5
39.4
42.2
38.9
38.8

41.2
41.1
39.4
41.7
40.2
40.6

41.7
42.7
40.6
43.5
40.8
41.1

40.9
42.4
39.0
43.8
40.0
40.7

40.6

See footnotes at end of table.

84




_

-

-

_

-

-

July
1985

Aug.

June

July

1985

1986

1986P

5.4
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.9
2.4
7.7
7.7
6.8
8.1
3.7
2.0
4.1

5.6
3.1
3.4
3.8
4.0
2.5
7.5
8.2
6.8
7.5
3.8
2.1
3.7

5.8
3.3
3.4
2.8
4.0
2.5
7.2
8.3
6.4
7.4
3.8
2.6
4.3

5.6
3.6
4.0
3.1
4.3
2.1
7.3
8.4
6.6
7.6
3.9
2.8
3.6

3.6
3.3
3.4
3.9
3.3
3.9
1.3
2.0
3.6
3.7
4.8
3.9
5.3
4.8
3.3
3.8

3.8
3.5
3.5
4.3
3.5
4.1
1.8
2.1
3.5
3.9
5.0
4.1
5.6
5.1
3.6
4.1

4.0
3.6
3.6
3.5
4.1
4.6
2.6
3.1
3.4
3.2
5.2
4.9
5.8
5.1
3.2
3.6

4.0
3.9
4.0
3.0
3.6
4.0
2.6
3.0
3.8
3.8
5.1
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.1
3.5

3.4
6.1
6.3
2.7
1.8
3.3
1.8
1.8
1.5
3.5
4.4
3.3
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.9
3.3
4.5
4.0
3.2
5.3
2.6
3.3
3.0
3.8
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.2

3.5
6.8
7.2
2.9
2.2
3.2
2.7
2.4
2.8
3.5
4.3
3.6
3.3
2.9
3.5
4.1
3.2
4.9
3.8
3.9
4.6
2.9
3.3
2.7
4.5
2.9
2.3
2.7
2.8
2.6

3.4
6.1
6.1
2.4
1.8
2.8
2.3
2.1
1.5
3.1
3.8
3.4
2.7
2.7
3.4
4.4
3.2
5.5
4.6
3.7
6.1
3.1
3.4
3.2
3.8
2.3
2.0
2.4
2.0
2.5

3.2
6.1
6.2
2.4
1.9
2.7
2.0
2.0
1.6
3.2
3.8
3.4
2.2
3.0
3.2
4.2
3.2
5.2
3.5
3.6
4.3
2.5
3.2
3.0
3.6
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.0

3.0
2.8
3.5
2.6
2.2
2.3

3.2
3.6
3.9
3.5
2.4
2.7

3.3
3.8
4.2
3.7
2.1
2.3

3.1
3.2
3.8
2.9
2.2
2.7

Aug.
1986P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ....
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

3221
3229
323
324
325

$11.35
10.26

$11.36

8.49
13.23

8.51
13.27

7.98

7.96

326
327
3271
3272
3273
329

8.82

8.66

$11.40
10.54
8.76
13.33
8.21
8.81

$11.38
10.66
8.82
13.30
8.22
8.83
9.77
8.75
8.62

3291
3292
33
331

3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335

3351
3353
3357
336
3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products
3496
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

Average hourly earnings

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

10.24

499.09
577.41
604.66
453.78
442.57
464.80
434.17
409.22
559.84
566.77
466.82
434.35
578.76
453.00
396.57
412.72

496.08
585.15
618.83
430.40
427.87
442.07
443.41
398.16
547.31
574.45
462.73
419.02
568.86
452.79
382.04
400.31

$492.48
578.93

9.88
13.40
14.16
9.69
8.82

9.85
13.50
14.20
9.73

9.82

10.17

397.17
597.19
639.18
388.49
353.68
406.82
349.40
335.67
340.00
371.01
399.59
308.17
416.66
376.67
330.37
379.89
350.99
409.46
475.80
509.99
563.98
355.78
314.31
300.96
341.88
425.14
405.42
356.89
378.25
324.42

408.04
594.96
631.54
395.35
355.45
416.75
358.18
351.82
339.68
371.69
400.98
306.06
421.87
379.93
341.48
399.93
358.63
440.12
513.17
518.30
628.15
367.74
321.10
315.90
330.40
433.05
407.09
363.91
386.50
326.41

397.94
595.35
631.90
385.31
347.11
403.75
346.48
344.80
331.26
366.53
395.12
307.13
403.81
376.60
330.62
390.93
357.06
425.38
485.03
514.59
578.88
358.66
320.39
316.41
328.41
420.00
408.75
358.66
380.42
317.13

402.62

10.14
8.91

395.76
585.15
623.25
390.80
344.57
413.26
337.51
327.53
321.18
366.87
401.46
300.12
408.84
373.18
323.98
375.91
352.26
399.36
483.72
499.73
587.09
349.74
313.53
304.07
332.47
421.68
403.21
350.66
366.83
323.95

10.54

420.65
540.75
493.68
557.04
395.61
420.20

422.71
524.85
486.20
538.76
402.40
434.42

439.94
552.97
522.12
565.07
413.30
450.05

431.90
553.74
503.49
574.22
404.40
443.63

427.92

9.68
10.20

11.78
13.49
14.14
10.81
10.49
10.95
10.98
9.74
13.83
14.20
11.12
9.85
14.06
10.96

11.63
13.36
14.01
10.73
10.42
10.83
11.21

9.20

9.22
9.36
9.64
13.36

13.85

14.11

9.77
8.79

9.64

10.28
8.61
8.25
8.43
8.97
9.38
7.32

10.12

10.07
9.40
8.35
9.08
8.55

9.60
11.60
12.10
13.59
8.70
7.78
7.64
8.05
10.31
10.03
8.90

8.82
8.67
8.35
8.50
8.94

9.38
7.32
10.04
9.37
8.28
9.11
8.54
9.68
11.41
12.23

13.27
8.72
7.78
7.60

8.56
8.80

10.61
10.27
9.75

8.81
8.93
8.62

8.81

9.11

9.05

9.57
7.52
10.19
9.57
8.58
9.41
8.79
9.98

9.43
7.64

11.99
12.37
13.99

9.08

10.07
9.51
8.37

9.42
8.73
10.08

11.83
12.37
13.75
9.08

10.42
10.06

7.87
7.80
8.00
10.64
10.28

8.16

8.90
9.48
8.05

9.03
9.76
8.02

7.97
7.95
8.01
10.66
10.27
9.08
9.83
8.09

10.31
13.03
12.53
13.20
10.17
10.83

10.26
12.77
12.34
12.92
10.01
10.70

10.55
12.95
12.86
12.99
10.13
10.95

10.56
13.06
12.91
13.11
10.11
10.90

9.43

8.14

Aug.
1986P

480.32
550.43
574.41
457.10
422.01
445.11
434.95
373.07
567.59
589.38
463.78
419.47
569.61
451.44
385.40
397.80

9.32
9.96

9.70

July
1986P

485.34
558.49
585.40
454.02
422.75
443.48
417.24
384.73
573.95
593.56
467.04
413.70
583.49
457.03
373.52
381.48

10.29

13.12

June
1986

12.07 $11.81
14.10
13.85
14.84
10.68
10.67
11.22
11.03
9.88
13.22
13.71
11.15
10.22
13.48
10.99
9.48
9.74

8.73
8.60
10.68

9.35

Aug.
1985

11.94
13.88
14.57
10.83
10.69
11.20
11.19
9.79
13.49
13.79
11.01
10.22
13.65
10.76
9.51
9.78

9.79

8.24
8.53
10.63
10.00

9.94
13.53
10.80

July
1985

10.19

9.67

8.21
8.50
10.68

9.64
13.71
14.10
10.99

Aug.
1986P

$467.62 $470.30 $478.80 $465.44
417.58 410.62 432.14 437.06
369.67 366.03
343.85 348.91
545.20 547.96
541.11 538.76
326.38 328.75 344.00 339.49
351.52 342.60
338.69 342.07
436.12 434.18 438.59 436.72
375.20 383.98 403.33 403.38
376.55 378.73 380.12 382.73
479.53 469.85 473.12 471.08
407.22 407.00 427.04 423.12
369.81 362.55 400.75 410.48
424.20 415.33 442.68 435.11

9.67

10.03
9.41
10.10

Average weekly earnings

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuitural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
F ^frigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

86




1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564

3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592

3599
36
361
3612

3613
362
3621
3622

363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645

365
3651

366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679

369
3691
3694

Average weekly hours

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

40.9
40.4
40.6
41.8
41.3
39.9
41.9
42.3
41.3
42.7
40.9
39.1
40.6
40.8
40.5
40.5
40.4
39.3
41.4
41.5
40.2
39.5
40.0
40.7
40.8
40.4
41.2
40.7
39.7
40.8

41.6
42.1
40.1
41.5
41.7
40.3
42.0
42.5
41.0
42.9
41.0
39.6
41.1
41.5
40.1
39.9
40.7
39.8
42.4
40.1
40.7
40.0
39.5
41.4
41.3
40.2
40.5
41.1
41.0
41.1

41.4
42.1
40.6
39.5
42.6
40.1
42.2
42.6
41.9
43.1
40.5
40.5
41.8
41.4
42.1
41.3
41.7
41.2
43.2
41.3
41.5
42.5
40.7
42.3
42.3
41.5
41.9
40.8
41.0
40.8

40.0
41.1
40.2
37.6
42.5
37.3
41.7
41.3
40.9
42.8
39.7
40.5
40.5
40.7
40.8
39.8
40.9
40.3
42.2
39.0
41.1
41.2
41.8
41.6
41.6
40.2
40.5
40.3
39.2
40.4

39.8
40.4
41.1
39.8
40.2
40.9
38.4
39.4
41.4
39.5
37.9
39.0
38.8
39.0
40.0
37.3
38.4
38.2
40.3
39.4
40.7
39.9
40.9
40.2
39.9
39.7
40.1
40.0

40.4
40.7
41.5
40.0
40.0
40.1
39.5
40.2
41.0
40.0
39.8
39.8
39.4
39.8
41.8
38.8
40.4
39.5
40.8
39.7
41.3
40.3
40.8
40.8
40.4
40.6
42.3
40.8

41.0
41.0
42.2
40.0
41.0
41.3
40.5
40.3
40.7
40.0
40.1
40.6
41.2
40.8
40.1
39.5
40.8
40.9
41.4
40.4
41.7
41.0
42.9
41.1
41.0
41.1
41.2
41.5

40.6
39.5
40.1
39.0
40.4
40.9
39.2
40.1
41.2
40.5
39.6
39.6
40.0
39.6
39.0
37.9
41.7
41.8
41.3
40.9
41.4
40.8
42.9
41.2
40.5
40.0
39.5
40.1

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1986P

41.1

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986 P

2.4
1.8
2.4
3.0
3.2
2.3
4.2
3.8
4.6
5.1
3.2
2.2
3.2
2.5
2.4
3.0
2.7
2.4
3.7
2.9
1.9
2.7
2.5
1.7
1.7
3.3
3.9
3.4
3.2
3.4

2.8
2.4
2.2
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.2
3.7
3.6
5.2
3.2
2.4
3.4
2.9
2.3
3.4
2.9
2.4
4.1
2.9
2.3
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.7
2.9
3.8
4.0
3.8

2.8
2.6
2.6
2.5
3.8
2.8
4.5
4.1
4.6
5.3
3.6
2.3
3.2
2.4
3.4
3.6
3.1
1.9
4.9
2.4
2.6
4.1
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.4

2.4
2.1
2.9
2.2
4.3
2.0
4.3
3.6
4.1
5.4
3.3
1.6
2.9
2.2
3.2
3.3
3.1
2.1
4.6
2.3
2.8
4.0
3.6
2.5
2.4
2.9
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.1

2.2
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.6
3.1
1.7
2.2
3.5
1.1
1.5
2.0
1.7
2.0
1.6
.7
2.8
2.9
2.1
1.9
2.2
2.1
1.7
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.8

2.5
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.4
2.0
2.8
3.3
1.6
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.7
1.2
3.4
3.0
2.4
1.8
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.4

2.8
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.8
3.2
2.2
2.7
4.0
1.7
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.2
1.3
2.7
2.5
2.6
1.9
2.8
2.9
2.4
3.2
2.9
3.0
2.4
3.9

2.6
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.9
3.6
1.7
2.6
3.8
2.1
2.5
2.3
2.6
1.9
1.3
.8
2.8
2.7
2.5
1.8
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.5
2.4

Aug.
1986 P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturai payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

$10.91 $10.94 $11.12 $11.09
11.98
11.92
12.28
12.15
11.30
11.54
11.60
11.71
11.16
11.11
11.27
11.28
10.00
10.04
9.69
9.83
9.17
9.26
9.68
9.59
10.56
10.52
11.00
11.03
10.52
10.48
11.07
11.01
11.16
10.99
11.50
11.64
11.24
11.19
11.67
11.70
9.48
9.53
9.84
9.84
8.27
8.23
8.43
8.59
10.15
10.18
10.42
10.43
10.41
10.40
10.65
10.59
8.03
7.96
8.45
8.45
10.43
10.60
10.95
11.15
10.05
10.07
10.20
10.23
10.76
10.74
10.83 10.93
10.24
10.32
10.66
10.73
10.56
10.45
10.04
10.05
8.77
8.91
9.10
9.02
10.40
10.46
10.42
10.51
10.08
10.06
10.12
10.23
9.46
9.44
9.84
9.93
9.82
9.42
9.42
9.92
10.21
10.10
10.02
10.20
10.47
10.47
10.32
10.45
10.20
9.96
9.88
10.15
12.58
12.49
12.26
12.48
9.58
9.83
9.52
9.81
9.47
8.71
8.57
8.83
9.47
9.42
9.24
9.26
10.37
10.80
7.00
8.77
9.98
8.07
9.05
6.74
9.53
9.90
11.18
10.64
11.42
8.34
10.58
9.61
7.70
10.23
10.49
10.85

9.50
8.80
8.70
8.89
9.48
9.39
9.21
9.27
10.38
10.81
7.10
8.65
9.99
8.06
8.99
6.66
9.36
9.71
11.32
10.91
11.49
8.37
10.66
9.64
7.74
10.31
10.56
11.00

9.61
8.90
8.77
9.03
9.70
9.65
9.53
9.54
10.88
11.14
7.24
8.86
9.78
8.33
9.32
6.6;
9.40
9.74
11.22
10.73
11.34
8.66
10.68
10.2,
7.91
10.49
10.94
11.23

9.68
8.94
8.77
9.09
9.74
9.69
9.57
9.64
11.02
11.46
7.14
8.83
9.78
8.26
9.31
6.64
9.55
9.81
11.17
10.61
11.38
8.74
10.81
10.34
7.91
10.53
11.2;
11.03

Average weekly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

$446.22
481.57
468.52
464.40
400.20
365.88
442.46
445.00
460.91
479.95
387.73
323.36
412.09
424.73
325.22
422.42
406.02
422.87
423.94
438.24
352.55
410.80
403.20
385.02
384.34
408.04
431.36
405.37
495.85
390.86

$455.10
504.36
453.13
463.14
409.91
373.18
441.84
445.40
450.59
480.05
390.73
325.91
418.40
431.60
319.20
422.94
409.85
427.45
437.57
419.05
362.64
418.40
397.37
390.82
389.05
402.80
417.96
406.07
502.66
391.27

$460.37
516.99
470.96
445.17
426.00
388.17
464.20
471.58
481.85
502.98
398.52
341.42
435.56
440.91
355.75
452.24
425.34
446.20
460.51
414.65
377.65
442.85
411.88
416.23
415.39
423.72
438.69
416.16
515.78
401.06

$443.60
499.37
470.74
424.13
426.70
357.71
459.95
454.71
476.08
500.76
390.65
347.90
422.42
431.01
344.76
443.77
418.41
440.48
452.81
391.95
370.72
433.01
427.61
413.09
412.67
410.04
423.23
409.05
489.22
396.32

$9.66 376.91
351.88
352.23
351.43
380.69
385.28
354.82
364.84
429.32
426.60
265.30
342.03
387.22
314.73
362.00
251.40
365.95
378.18
450.55
419.22
464.79
332.77
432.72
386.32
307.23
406.13
420.65
434.00

383.80
358.16
361.05
355.60
379.20
376.54
363.80
372.65
425.58
432.40
282.58
344.27
393.61
320.79
375.78
258.41
378.14
383.55
461.86
433.52
474.54
337.31
434.93
393.31
312.70
418.59
446.69
448.80

394.01
364.90
370.09
361.20
397.70
398.55
385.97
384.46
442.82
445.60
290.32
359.72
402.94
339.86
373.73
261.49
383.52
398.37
464.51
433.49
472.88
355.06
458.17
420.04
324.31
431.14
450.73
466.05

393.01
353.13
351.68
354.51
393.50
396.32
375.14
386.56
454.02
464.13
282.74
349.67
391.20
327.10
363.09
251.66
398.24
410.06
461.32
433.95
471.13
356.59
463.75
426.01
320.36
421.20
443.19
442.30

Aug.
1986P

July
1986 P

Aug.
1986 P

$397.03

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments .
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
....
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

88



381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

3911

393
394
3942,4
3949

395
396
3961

399
3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022

2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly hours
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

42.0
42.8
43.0
41.9
43.1
40.5
41.4
40.7
41.7
42.1
40.3
40.5
39.6
40.9
41.6
41.7
40.6
38.5

41.9
42.5
42.4
40.9
42.9
39.6
41.8
41.1
42.1
42.6
40.1
39.9
40.7
41.1
42.4
42.8
39.9
38.4

42.3
42.7
41.8
41.2
43.9
41.6
42.8
42.3
42.7
43.5
40.4
40.5
40.3
39.6
42.2
42.6
39.4
38.8

41.5
41.7
41.5
40.5
42.2
40.5
41.5
41.3
41.5
41.7
41.0
41.8
39.0
39.1
41.8
41.9
39.4
39.1

42.2
42.4

4.3
4.9
5.0
4.2
5.1
2.4
4.1
3.0
5.3
4.8
3.1
3.3
2.5
2.5
4.0
4.1
2.8
1.7

4.4
4.8
5.1
3.7
4.8
2.3
4.5
3.5
5.8
5.0
3.1
3.4
2.3
2.7
4.9
5.2
2.5
1.5

4.2
4.2
3.7
3.9
4.9
3.2
4.8
4.4
5.0
5.4
3.5
3.7
3.0
1.4
4.2
4.7
2.9
2.6

4.0
3.8
3.3
3.3
4.4
2.7
4.7
4.3
5.5
4.7
3.6
4.1
2.6
1.6
4.4
4.7
3.4
2.6

40.3
41.4
39.9
39.1
40.5
39.1
40.3
39.8
39.8
39.8
38.7
42.2
38.5

40.6
41.5
40.0
40.1
39.6
39.4
39.9
40.5
41.1
40.1
39.3
42.6
38.9

41.0
41.3
40.9
40.1
41.1
41.0
41.8
40.8
41.1
40.6
39.9
42.2
39.7

40.3
41.2
39.7
39.8
40.0
38.7
40.6
40.2
40.3
40.4
39.6
41.6
42.1

40.5

2.1
2.5
1.6
1.3
2.2
1.3
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.4
1.7
2.9
1.2

2.3
2.6
1.8
1.7
2.0
1.6
2.3
2.8
2.9
2.7
1.6
3.0
1.4

2.5
3.0
2.1
2.0
2.6
1.8
3.2
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.2
2.9
1.2

2.3
2.9
1.9
2.4
2.2
1.4
2.3
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.0
2.7
1.5

38.6
36.9
35.9
38.9
38.2
38.1
38.3
40.3
37.2
36.8
39.4
39.8

39.1
38.3
37.3
40.6
39.2
39.0
39.4
40.6
37.4
35.7
39.5
39.9

39.6
38.2
37.2
41.2
39.9
39.1
40.5
40.2
39.0
38.2
39.8
39.9

38.8
37.1
36.0
39.9
39.4
38.1
40.4
39.7
35.8
35.5
39.5
39.8

39.4

1.7
1.0

.9
1.7
2.4
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.2

2.2
2.2
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.1
1.7
2.5
2.5

2.2
1.6
1.3
3.3
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
1.8
2.4
2.2

1.8
1.1
.8
2.3
1.7
1.5
1.9
1.6
1.0
.8
2.2
2.3

39.3
40.0
40.0
41.3
40.2
38.6
42.1
40.1
43.0
38.2
39.7
38.0
37.4
43.7
44.4
44.2
39.0
38.6
40.1

39.7
40.3
39.9
41.7
40.4
38.2
41.3
39.1
42.3
40.4
42.2
40.8
38.8
43.7
45.5
43.4
39.0
38.3
40.8

39.9
40.1
39.8
41.4
40.4
38.1
41.6
39.7
42.4
38.7
40.1
37.0
37.5
43.7
45.3
43.0
39.7
38.9
41.9

39.6
40.1
39.7
41.4
40.7
38.3
42.0
39.6
43.1
39.0
39.5
38.5
37.7
43.7
45.5
43.7
39.9
39.5
40.9

40.1
40.9

3.0
4.2
3.8
4.2
3.8
3.1
4.7
3.4
5.4
4.5
4.3
5.3
4.4
5.8
5.5
6.6
3.3
3.6
2.6

3.3
4.4
3.8
4.4
4.4
2.9
4.4
3.2
5.1
5.4
6.0
6.1
4.3
5.9
5.4
6.1
3.1
3.5
2.3

3.2
3.9
3.7
4.7
3.7
3.0
4.6
3.8
5.2
3.4
4.5
3.3
3.3
5.3
4.5
5.4
3.7
3.7
3.5

3.3
4.2
3.9
4.6
4.4
3.3
4.8
3.9
5.4
4.0
3.0
4.7
3.8
5.6
5.1
5.7
3.8
4.1
3.1

.8
1.0
1.4

Aug.
1986P

3.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts.
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713

3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373

3731
3732
374
376
3761

379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments .
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies .
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
,
Signs and advertising displays

39
391

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products ....
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

3841
3842
385
386
387

3911

393
394
3942,4
3949

395
396
3961
399

3993
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

$12.65 $12.65 $12.78 $12.74 $12.74 $531.30
13.35 571.38
13.41
13.35
13.36
13.31
14.71
632.53
14.75
14.77
14.84
10.70
448.33
10.79
10.77
10.63
12.69
546.94
12.84
12.91
12.59
9.21
373.01
9.50
9.55
9.29
12.55
519.57
12.87
12.83
12.63
2
2
2
2
()
()
()
()
535.01
$12.83 $12.97 $12.93 $13.17
487.52
11.84
11.60
11.82
11.58
421.14
10.65
10.51
10.61
10.45
459.27
11.66
11.45
11.56
11.34
322.34
8.06
8.11
7.98
8.14
509.61
12.46 12.54 12.26 12.37
497.54
11.94
12.10
12.04
11.96
507.91
12.29
12.32
12.33
12.18
401.53
10.51
9.91
10.46
9.89
324.94
9.15
8.53
8.89
8.44

9.41

9.48

10.20

10.27

9.28
8.66
9.42
9.48

9.30
8.74
9.37

9.17
9.80
8.91
8.52
9.08
9.07
10.23
8.18
8.37
8.05
6.87
11.99
6.84

9.19
9.82
8.97
8.56
9.08
9.21
10.07
8.19
8.31
8.15
6.95

12.04
6.85

12.42
7.07

9.48
10.65
8.43
8.61
8.30
7.09
12.63
6.86

7.32
7.70
7.76
6.93
6.65
6.35
6.90
7.76
6.02
5.61
7.97
8.40

7.28
7.73
7.81
6.94
6.68
6.36
6.97
7.76
5.97
5.58
7.93
8.41

7.54
8.07
8.14
7.23
6.89
6.95
6.85
7.69
6.14
5.49
8.28
8.56

7.58
8.07
8.10
7.20
6.93
6.92
6.94
7.71
6.14
5.65
8.3;
8.57

8.75
8.57
7.25
8.15
8.8;

8.70
8.50
7.25
8.16
8.76
5.78
9.20
8.59
9.56
7.63
9.54
7.58
6.93
10.39
9.9I
7.79
9.69
9.7;
9.6;

8.91
8.74
7.3;
8.29
8.72
5.97
9.4;
8.83
9.84
8.00

8.99
8.75
7.33
8.29
8.7:
5.96
9.40
8.83
9.83
7.98
9.90
7.95
7.29
10.70
10.2!
8.10
9.93
9.89
10.03

5.76
9.20
8.6i
9.6;
7.75
9.75
7.58
7.18
10.40
9.88
7.83
9.7;
9.76
9.64

10.42
8.37
8.57
8.20
7.11

10.08
8.07
7.26
10.71

10.16
7.97
9.87
9.75
10.14

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

$530.04 $540.59 $528.71 $537.63
565.68 572.61 557.11 566.04
629.22 617.39 612.13
434.77 443.72 437.00
540.11 566.75 541.85
367.88 397.28 384.75
527.93 549.12 534.11
546.04
494.16
421.45
456.86
330.08
515.39
513.04
527.30
395.41
327.55

552.11
515.04
430.26
472.23
324.82
485.50
503.87
523.55
414.09
355.02

546.56
492.89
435.01
483.21
311.22
483.67
503.27
516.63
412.12
347.60

9.46

369.55
405.72
355.51
333.13
367.74
354.64
412.27
325.56
333.13
320.39
265.87
505.98
263.34

373.11
407.53
358.80
343.26
359.57
362.87
401.79
331.70
341.54
326.82
273.14
512.90
266.47

385.81
421.26
379.55
347.27
387.16
388.68
435.56
341.50
352.23
332.92
283.69
524.12
280.68

382.04
423.12
369.21
347.85
374.80
366.88
432.39
338.89
346.98
335.32
280.76
525.41
288.81

383.13

7.5J

282.55
284.13
278.58
269.58
254.03
241.94
264.27
312.73
223.94
206.45
314.02
334.32

284.65
296.06
291.31
281.76
261.86
248.04
274.62
315.06
223.28
199.21
313.24
335.56

298.58
308.27
302.81
297.88
274.91
271.75
277.43
309.14
239.46
209.72
329.54
341.54

294.10
299.40
291.60
287.28
273.04
263.65
280.38
306.09
219.81
200.58
328.64
341.09

296.29

8.94 343.88
8.66 342.80

345.39
342.55
289.28
340.27
353.90
220.80
379.96
335.87
404.39
308.25
402.59
309.26
268.88
454.04
452.73
338.09
377.91
372.28
392.50

355.51
350.47
291.34
343.21
352.29
227.46
391.87
350.55
417.22
309.60
404.21
298.59
272.25
468.03
460.25
342.71
391.84
379.28
424.87

356.00
350.88
291.00
343.21
356.13
228.27
394.80
349.67
423.67
311.22
391.05
306.08
274.83
467.59
466.38
353.97
396.21
390.66
410.23

358.49
354.19

290.00
336.60
354.56
222.34
387.32
345.66
413.66
296.05
387.08
288.04
268.53
454.48
438.67
346.09
379.08
376.74
386.56

See footnotes at end of table.




89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

206
2061-3
2065
207

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

.9
.8

1.2
1.1

1.8
1.8

.5
.1

40.3
40.6
40.5
40.6
40.1
38.9
38.4
39.0
37.2
39.6
42.0
40.2
40.7
38.6
40.8
41.8
43.0
37.9
42.0

41.6

2.8
3.0
2.7
2.1
1.8
2.5
3.2
1.7
2.6
1.2
3.6
3.1
3.7
2.7
3.9
2.8
3.1
2.4
3.1

3.4
3.9
3.1
2.3
2.7
2.8
3.3
2.0
2.6
1.7
4.2
4.4
4.9
4.3
4.5
3.6
3.9
2.9
3.7

4.0
4.5
3.9
4.4
2.9
3.4
2.7
2.8
3.3
2.9
5.1
4.2
4.5
4.1
3.7
4.7
5.1
3.7
4.2

3.7
4.8
3.5
3.2
2.7
3.0
3.0
2.4
2.7
2.2
4.9
3.8
4.3
3.6
4.3
4.3
4.9
2.8
3.9

36.9
35.6
37.7
38.3
36.9
37.0
34.9
36.2
33.1
35.8
35.3
37.5
38.0
35.2
38.1
36.8
37.7
38.9
37.0
38.0
42.0

36.4
36.1
37.1
36.9
35.9
37.3
34.5
35.4
33.2
35.5
34.7
36.7
37.1
34.7
37.1
36.2
37.0
38.1
37.3
37.9
39.3

36.5

1.1
.6
.9
.8
.8
1.3
1.0
1.0
.8
.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
.6
1.1
1.1
.9
1.8
.3
1.5
3.5

1.4
.7
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.2
.9
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.1
2.4
1.4
2.3
4.2

1.5
.9
1.3
1.7
.9
1.2
1.3
1.3
.9
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.0
2.1
1.9
1.2
2.6
1.5
2.1
5.4

1.2
.8
1.0
1.0
.6
1.0
1.1
.8
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.6
1.5
1.0
2.1
1.6
2.2
3.4

43.1
45.3
45.4
43.7
41.8
43.5
41.4
41.5
42.3
42.0
42.9
43.2

43.1
46.1
46.4
44.0
41.3
42.9
40.3
41.6
42.0
41.5
42.7
42.4

43.5

4.8
6.6
6.7
7.0
3.1
2.9
2.7
3.7
4.2
3.8
4.4
5.9

4.7
6.1
6.3
6.4
3.4
3.1
3.5
4.0
4.3
3.8
4.8
4.8

4.7
6.4
6.5
6.6
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.5
4.0
3.6
4.2
5.4

5.0
6.9
7.0
7.3
3.4
3.4
2.8
4.0
4.3
3.8
4.5
5.4

Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes

21
211

33.9
32.7

37.1
36.7

38.3
37.9

37.1
36.8

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257

38.6
37.3
38.6
37.2
39.1
38.0
39.6
37.0
37.8
36.6
37.8
38.7
39.8
37.1
40.8
39.4
39.8
37.6
40.7

40.2
40.4
39.9
39.5
39.8
38.6
39.7
37.2
38.0
37.6
39.1
41.4
42.3
40.6
42.2
40.8
41.3
38.5
42.3

41.2
40.8
41.4
42.6
41.1
39.9
39.2
39.7
38.5
40.4
42.5
41.7
41.7
41.4
41.1
42.4
43.2
39.4
43.0

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

36.2
34.5
37.0
36.6
37.0
37.9
34.8
35.1
33.6
34.3
35.6
36.6
36.8
35.8
36.7
36.1
36.5
37.9
36.3
37.0
40.0

36.6
34.1
37.1
36.7
36.6
37.7
35.1
34.5
33.7
35.2
36.1
37.5
38.0
35.0
36.3
34.5
37.5
39.0
38.5
38.6
40.7

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641

42.7
44.5
44.8
43.8
41.6
42.7
40.6
42.2
41.8
41.7
42.1
42.9

42.9
44.4
44.8
43.2
42.0
43.0
41.6
42.7
42.3
42.1
43.1
42.4

See footnotes at end of table.

90




2339
234
2341
2342

236
2361
238

239
2391
2392
2396

2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

July
1986P

36.6

2086
209

2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

June
1986

2.6
4.8
1.7
4.9
4.6
5.8
5.0
4.1

40.0
42.7
38.9
42.4
41.4
43.0
41.6
37.9

229

Aug.
1985

2.5
3.5
1.9
4.8
4.5
6.0
4.7
3.6

39.2
41.4
38.0
42.1
41.5
43.4
41.3
38.7

228
2281
2282

July
1985

3.7
5.7
3.1
5.6
4.5
6.1
4.2
4.2

40.3
42.5
39.0
42.7
41.0
42.5
40.5
38.7

226
2261
2262
227

Aug.
1986P

2.9
5.7
2.2
5.3
4.7
6.6
4.6
3.9

39.8
42.8
38.4
43.0
41.4
43.0
41.2
38.3

208
2082

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours

Aug.
1986P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$8.84
10.49
7.70
8.97
11.41
15.58
8.82
7.63

$8.78
10.55
7.63
8.96
11.42
15.72
8.79
7.67

$8.90
10.74
7.54
8.97
11.63
16.00
9.13
7.88

$9.02
10.90
7.69
9.03
11.68
16.12
9.17
7.97

$351.83
448.97
295.68
385.71
472.37
669.94
363.38
292.23

$353.83
448.38
297.57
382.59
468.22
668.10
356.00
296.83

$348.88
444.64
286.52
377.64
482.65
694.40
377.07
304.96

$360.80
465.43
299.14
382.87
483.55
693.16
381.47
302.06

Tobacco manufactures .
Cigarettes

21
211

12.83
14.97

12.34
15.01

13.68
15.84

13.49 $13.38 434.94
15.53
489.52

457.81
550.87

523.94
600.34

500.48
571.50

$489.71

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool .
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks .
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton :
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yam and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

6.69
6.98
7.15
7.10
6.44
6.12
6.05
5.79
6.06
5.67
6.84
7.11
7.08
7.58
6.97
6.26
6.24
6.24
7.54

6.72
7.05
7.14
7.11
6.48
6.15
6.15
5.78
6.07
5.65
6.82
7.12
7.10
7.57
6.94
6.31
6.31
6.25
7.55

6.87
7.12
7.34
7.46
6.52
6.33
6.16
5.99
6.36
5.88
6.85
7.25
7.22
7.69
7.09
6.43
6.43
6.38
7.9;

6.89
7.22
7.38
7.37
6.59
6.32
6.29
6.04
6.26
5.80
6.90
7.17
7.20
7.60
7.30
6.40
6.41
6.42
7.88

6.96 258.23
260.35
275.99
264.12
251.80
232.56
239.58
214.23
229.07
207.52
258.55
275.16
281.78
281.22
284.38
246.64
248.35
234.62
306.88

270.14
284.82
284.89
280.85
257.90
237.39
244.16
215.02
230.66
212.44
266.66
294.77
300.33
307.34
292.87
257.45
260.60
240.63
319.37

283.04
290.50
303.88
317.80
267.97
252.57
241.47
237.80
244.86
237.55
291.13
302.33
301.07
318.37
291.40
272.63
277.78
251.37
340.56

277.67
293.13
298.89
299.22
264.26
245.85
241.54
235.56
232.87
229.68
289.80
288.23
293.04
293.36
297.84
267.52
275.63
243.32
330.96

289.54

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

5.70
6.68
5.25
4.99
5.27
5.32
5.54
5.08
5.79
6.54
5.28
5.29
5.17
5.88
4.99
4.85
5.43
6.86
5.46
5.86
10.56

5.69
6.57
5.23
4.97
5.25
5.29
5.55
5.06
5.75
6.54
5.31
5.29
5.17
5.91
5.05
4.85
5.50
6.81
5.38
5.85
10.65

5.79
6.62
5.35
5.11
5.27
5.44
5.56
5.03
5.93
6.41
5.30
5.37
5.22
6.11
5.13
4.96
5.56
7.14
5.59
5.97
11.09

5.75
6.70
5.32
5.12
5.25
5.36
5.54
5.07
5.89
6.38
5.29
5.37
5.23
6.06
5.11
4.89
5.58
6.91
5.65
5.90
10.60

5.81

206.34
230.46
194.25
182.63
194.99
201.63
192.79
178.31
194.54
224.32
187.97
193.61
190.26
210.50
183.13
175.09
198.20
259.99
198.20
216.82
422.40

208.25
224.04
194.03
182.40
192.15
199.43
194.81
174.57
193.78
230.21
191.69
198.38
196.46
206.85
183.32
167.33
206.25
265.59
207.13
225.81
433.46

213.65
235.67
201.70
195.71
194.46
201.28
194.04
182.09
196.28
229.48
187.09
201.38
198.36
215.07
195.45
182.53
209.61
277.75
206.83
226.86
465.78

209.30
241.87
197.37
188.93
188.48
199.93
191.13
179.48
195.55
226.49
183.56
197.08
194.03
210.28
189.58
177.02
206.46
263.27
210.75
223.61
416.58

212.07

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper..
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes ..
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

10.91
13.29
13.4;
13.75
9.35
10.62
8.61
8.87
9.33
9.65
9.62
8.83

10.86
13.27
13.38
13.62
9.34
10.70
8.60
8.88
9.29
9.54
9.61
8.86

11.15
13.58
13.68
13.9;
9.59
10.85
8.70
9.02
9.54
9.80
9.85
9.18

11.29
13.76
13.84
14.23
9.6
10.93
8.81
9.1
9.61
9.9;
9.89
9.2

11.21 465.86
591.41
601.22
602.25
388.96
453.47
349.57
374.31
389.99
402.41
405.00
378.81

465.89
589.19
599.42
588.38
392.28
460.10
357.76
379.18
392.97
401.63
414.19
375.66

480.57
615.17
621.07
608.30
400.86
471.98
360.18
374.33
403.54
411.60
422.57
396.58

486.60
634.34
642.18
626.12
399.37
468.90
355.04
379.39
403.62
411.68
422.30
390.93

487.64

See footnotes at end of table.




91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ...
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

7
271
72
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

37.3
33.5
37.8
37.8
37.8
37.8
36.3
38.4
38.1
38.4
40.9
38.6
38.8

38.0
34.0
38.4
39.2
38.1
40.8
36.5
39.2
38.8
39.3
41.0
38.8
39.7

37.5
33.4
37.0
39.2
37.8
41.4
36.0
38.7
38.3
38.7
40.7
38.3
38.9

37.5
33.4
37.3
39.5
38.5
41.1
35.6
38.8
38.3
38.9
41.2
38.2
38.5

37.9

2.4
1.4
2.4
2.5
2.1
3.1
2.1
2.7
2.2
2.8
3.8
2.0
3.7

2.9
1.7
2.9
3.3
2.5
4.5
2.6
3.4
2.9
3.5
3.9
2.3
4.2

2.4
1.5
2.6
3.0
2.3
4.2
1.7
2.7
2.4
2.8
3.0
1.8
3.4

2.6
1.4
2.7
3.3
2.7
4.2
1.6
2.9
2.4
3.1
3.6
2.2
3.5

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
2842,3
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

41.6
41.5
41.4
42.1
42.9
42.6
40.3
40.0
40.6
44.3
38.2
41.1
41.9
43.5
43.4
43.5
42.0
41.4

41.6
41.1
41.4
41.7
42.4
41.7
40.8
40.4
41.0
44.5
38.7
41.6
41.9
43.1
43.1
43.1
42.1
42.0

42.1
41.7
42.4
41.7
42.6
41.3
42.0
42.1
41.2
44.3
38.8
42.4
42.0
43.9
43.2
44.1
42.8
41.6

41.7
41.9
42.6
42.1
42.3
42.5
41.0
40.8
40.7
44.9
37.9
41.4
41.6
43.2
42.4
43.4
42.0
41.0

41.7

3.4
3.3
3.2
3.9
4.6
3.7
2.6
2.5
2.7
4.5
1.9
2.4
3.7
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.2

3.3
3.2
3.2
3.6
4.4
2.9
2.5
2.5
3.2
5.3
2.2
2.6
3.4
4.1
4.6
3.9
3.7
3.4

3.6
3.3
3.4
3.7
4.4
3.5
3.2
3.3
3.1
4.6
2.0
3.3
3.5
4.7
5.0
4.6
4.2
3.6

3.8
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.8
3.9
2.8
2.8
3.4
6.2
2.2
2.5
3.5
5.0
5.2
4.9
4.5
3.5

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials ,

29
291
295

43.2
43.0
44.7

43.3
43.0
45.6

44.0
44.0
45.0

43.5
43.4
44.6

43.5

4.3
3.7
7.0

4.2
3.5
7.7

4.3
3.6
7.4

4.5
3.8
7.5

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

40.6
41.6
38.4

40.7
42.1
37.8

41.3
42.5
39.9

40.5
42.0
37.6

41.4

3.4
3.8
.5

3.5
4.7
1.2

3.7
4.8
1.7

3.5
5.1
.3

303,4
306
307

41.4
40.1
40.5

42.3
40.6
40.6

42.6
41.5
41.1

41.8
40.4
40.3

3.6
2.9
3.5

4.1
2.8
3.5

3.1
3.3
3.6

3.0
3.1
3.4

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

37.5
39.6
37.3
36.4
38.5
36.6
36.8

37.3
40.7
36.7
35.8
37.3
38.7
38.2

37.7
40.8
37.0
36.1
37.9
39.4
37.0

37.0
39.9
36.8
36.0
38.1
34.7
35.4

37.0

1.5
2.9
1.5
.8
2.1
1.5
.9

1.7
3.2
1.5
1.1
1.9
2.0
1.8

1.5
3.3
1.3
1.0
1.7
2.2
.6

1.3
2.6
1.2
.5
2.1
1.5
.6

39.5

39.8

39.4

39.4

39.6

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

43.9

44.3

44.8

43.4

Local and interurban passenger transit .
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

35.8
38.3
38.5

36.3
38.2
38.6

34.3
38.0
38.7

36.0
37.9
38.3

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals .
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.4
38.5
38.0

39.0
39.0
39.1

38.5
38.5
38.6

38.5
38.5
38.5

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

41.4

41.3

41.2

40.9

See footnotes at end of table.

92



Aug.
1986P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress ...
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

$9.69
9.76
10.10
8.72
8.16
9.49
8.91
10.02
9.57
10.18
10.06
7.58
11.49

$9.76
9.67
10.13
8.89
8.32
9.62
9.01
10.14
9.77
10.26
10.01
7.57
11.60

$9.88
9.97
10.75
8.83
8.26
9.67
8.96
10.15
9.74
10.28
10.34
7.82
11.94

$9.97 $10.03 $361.44
10.05
326.96
10.73
381.78
8.81
329.62
8.17
308.45
9.78
358.72
323.43
9.11
384.77
10.26
364.62
9.79
390.91
10.43
411.45
10.42
292.59
7.83
445.81
12.04

$370.88
328.78
388.99
348.49
316.99
392.50
328.87
397.49
379.08
403.22
410.41
293.72
460.52

$370.50
333.00
397.75
346.14
312.23
400.34
322.56
392.81
373.04
397.84
420.84
299.51
464.47

$373.88 $380.14
335.67
400.23
348.00
314.55
401.96
324.32
398.09
374.96
405.73
429.30
299.11
463.54

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
2842,3
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

11.59
12.78
12.79
11.84
12.80
11.44
10.74
10.52
10.17
13.21
8.42
9.68
9.98
14.08
13.66
14.21
11.17
10.68

11.60
12.90
12.92
11.79
12.81
11.39
10.78
10.55
10.28
13.28
8.55
9.78
10.04
14.02
13.63
14.15
11.21
10.70

11.94
13.11
13.15
12.09
13.13
11.79
11.16
10.90
10.69
13.71
9.01
9.98
10.32
14.41
14.29
14.45
11.31
11.07

12.05
13.20
13.26
12.20
13.33
11.83
11.17
10.91
10.81
13.95
9.01
9.94
10.30
14.48
14.36
14.52
11.68
11.26

11.99 482.14
530.37
529.51
498.46
549.12
487.34
432.82
420.80
412.90
585.20
321.64
397.85
418.16
612.48
592.84
618.14
469.14
442.15

482.56
530.19
534.89
491.64
543.14
474.96
439.82
426.22
421.48
590.96
330.89
406.85
420.68
604.26
587.45
609.87
471.94
449.40

502.67
546.69
557.56
504.15
559.34
486.93
468.72
458.89
440.43
607.35
349.59
423.15
433.44
632.60
617.33
637.25
484.07
460.51

502.49
553.08
564.88
513.62
563.86
502.78
457.97
445.13
439.97
626.36
341.48
411.52
428.48
625.54
608.86
630.17
490.56
461.66

499.98

Petroleum and coal products ...
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials .

29
291
295

14.05
15.30
10.66

14.02
15.24
10.78

14.14
15.30
11.07

14.15
15.36
10.97

14.19 606.96
657.90
476.50

607.07
655.32
491.57

622.16
673.20
498.15

615.53
666.62
489.26

617.27

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

8.55
13.1
5.71

8.5;
13.43
5.8;

8.75
13.67
5.90

8.80
13.79
6.10

8.82 347.13
546.21
219.26

346.76
565.40
220.00

361.38
580.98
235.41

356.40
579.18
229.36

365.15

303,4
306
307

8.41
8.37
7.98

8.37
8.36
7.90

8.58
8.55
8.15

8.69
8.58
8.17

348.17
335.64
323.19

354.05
339.42
320.74

365.51
354.83
334.97

363.24
346.63
329.25

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods .

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

5.84
7.67
5.53
5.9;
5.28
6.39
5.7!

5.81
7.62
5.5;
5.90
5.30
6.46
5.60

5.88
7.67
5.58
5.95
5.3;
6.13
5.69

5.88
7.54
5.59
6.00
5.27
5.99
5.79

5.88 219.00
303.73
206.27
215.49
203.28
233.87
211.60

216.71
310.13
202.58
211.22
197.69
250.00
213.92

221.68
312.94
206.46
214.80
201.63
241.52
210.53

217.56
300.85
205.71
216.00
200.79
207.85
204.97

217.56

11.56 449.12

454.52

455.86

457.04

457.78

Transportation and public utilities

11.37

11.4;

11.57

11.60

Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

13.54

13.60

13.77

13.7J

594.41

602.48

616.90

595.45

Local and interurban passenger transit .
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

7.80
8.10
11.16

7.88
8.19
11.1"

8.0;
8.47
11.76

8.28
8.50
12.2;

279.24
310.23
429.66

286.04
312.86
431.16

275.09
321.86
455.11

298.08
322.15
468.03

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals ,
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.46
10.61
8.24

10.4;
10.58
8.18

10.72
10.87
8.48

10.64
10.80
8.38

401.66
408.49
313.12

406.38
412.62
319.84

412.72
418.50
327.33

409.64
415.80
322.63

Pipe lines, except natural gas .

46

15.08

14.89

15.08

14.85

624.31

614.96

621.30

607.37

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

8
481
483

40.5
41.5
37.2

40.5
41.5
37.1

40.2
41.7
37.1

40.4
41.9
37.2

49

41.5
41.7
40.3
42.0
42.4

41.8
42.0
40.5
42.3
42.6

41.7
41.8
40.8
42.1
42.7

41.9
42.1
41.2
42.0
42.6

38.6

38.5

38.5

38.5

38.9
38.3
37.9
39.8
37.0
39.9
38.7
38.9
39.4
37.2

39.0
38.6
37.9
39.8
37.6
40.0
38.7
38.8
39.4
37.8

38.9
38.6
36.8
39.8
36.2
40.4
38.5
38.7
39.5
37.3

38.8
38.5
36.5
39.9
36.4
39.9
38.5
38.7
39.4
37.2

38.1
38.8
38.1
36.2
38.6
38.9
39.7
36.7
37.6

37.8
38.5
37.3
36.5
38.2
39.3
39.7
36.3
37.3

37.9
37.6
36.8
36.3
38.5
39.4
39.4
36.6
37.6

38.0
37.2
37.5
36.3
38.6
39.9
39.7
36.8
37.4

30.1

30.1

29.5

29.9

491

492
493

495

Wholesale trade .
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

51
511
512
513
514

509

516
517
518

519

Retail trade.
Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ..,
Hardware stores
,

52
521
525

37.1
38.8
34.1

36.9
38.8
33.5

36.9
39.0
33.2

37.0
39.0
33.5

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

53
531
533
539

29.9
29.8
30.2
30.9

29.3
29.1
30.0
30.3

28.8
28.6
29.6
29.9

29.0
28.8
30.2
30.3

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .

54
541
546

31.2
31.4
29.1

31.0
31.2
28.9

30.6
30.8
29.2

31.2
31.4
29.3

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

37.0
37.6
40.2
34.7

37.1
37.8
40.3
34.7

36.9
37.6
39.8
34.4

36.9
37.5
40.0
34.6

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
562
565
566

28.0
30.8
26.9
28.0
27.7

28.0
30.8
26.6
28.5
28.4

26.9
30.5
25.4
27.5
27.8

27.2
30.8
26.0
27.1
28.0

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

34.1
34.1
35.2
33.5

34.1
34.3
35.0
33.4

32.9
32.8
34.0
32.8

33.2
33.1
34.2
33.0

Ebt«ng and drinking places4 ...

58

26.3

26.6

26.1

26.5

See footnotes at end of table.

94




561

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1986P

38.5

29.9

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution ....
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48
481
483
49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1986P

$11.62 $11.90 $12.05 $12.15
12.27
12.70
12.84
12.83
10.37
10.97
10.32
10.89

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

$470.61 $481.95 $484.41 $490.86
509.21 527.05 535.01 538.00
385.76 382.87 404.02 408.08

12.71
12.89
11.58
14.79
9.39

12.73
12.88
11.62
14.84
9.31

13.31
13.38
12.48
15.54
9.61

13.30
13.42
12.39
15.53
9.69

527.47
537.51
466.67
621.18
398.14

532.11
540.96
470.61
627.73
396.61

555.03
559.28
509.18
654.23
410.35

557.27
564.98
510.47
652.26
412.79

9.14

9.12

9.32

9.30

$9.31 352.80

351.12

358.82

358.05

Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment.
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

9.21
8.24
8.19
8.64
9.65
10.03
9.56
8.67
9.75
7.49

9.22
8.22
8.23
8.66
9.58
10.02
9.59
8.66
9.77
7.53

9.46
8.42
8.57
8.93
9.78
10.23
9.72
8.97
10.06
7.62

9.43
8.39
8.53
8.89
9.83
10.15
9.69
8.96
10.01
7.55

358.27
315.59
310.40
343.87
357.05
400.20
369.97
337.26
384.15
278.63

359.58
317.29
311.92
344.67
360.21
400.80
371.13
336.01
384.94
284.63

367.99
325.01
315.38
355.41
354.04
413.29
374.22
347.14
397.37
284.23

365.88
323.02
311.35
354.71
357.81
404.99
373.07
346.75
394.39
280.86

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries ...
Apparel, piece goods, and notions ..
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products .
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ....

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

9.03
9.87
9.88
8.54
9.25
11.07
9.58
10.95
7.22

8.99
9.85
10.06
8.56
9.16
10.89
9.59
10.86
7.25

9.13
9.79
10.56
8.85
9.13
11.48
9.66
11.04
7.46

9.12
9.78
10.38
8.76
9.17
11.45
9.60
11.04
7.43

344.04
382.96
376.43
309.15
357.05
430.62
380.33
401.87
271.47

339.82
379.23
375.24
312.44
349.91
427.98
380.72
394.22
270.43

346.03
368.10
388.61
321.26
351.51
452.31
380.60
404.06
280.50

346.56
363.82
389.25
317.99
353.96
456.86
381.12
406.27
277.88

5.90

5.88

5.99

5.97

177.59

176.99

176.71

178.50

Retail trade.

Aug.
1986P

5.95

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ...
Hardware stores

52
521
525

6.57
6.91
5.64

6.61
6.9;
5.66

6.75
7.09
5.73

6.75
7.09
5.7;

243.75
268.11
192.32

243.91
268.50
189.61

249.08
276.51
190.24

249.75
276.51
191.62

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores .

53
531
533
539

5.9;
6.1!
4.67
4.79

5.9;
6.16
4.56
4.80

6.31
6.59
4.68
4.89

6.36
6.65
4.69
4.88

177.01
183.27
141.03
148.01

173.46
179.26
136.80
145.44

181.73
188.47
138.53
146.21

184.44
191.52
141.64
147.86

Food stores
Grocery stores .
Retail bakeries .

54
541
546

7.28
7.50
5.35

7.23
7.45
5.35

7.00
7.19
5.46

6.95
7.1
5.47

227.14
235.50
155.69

224.13
232.44
154.62

214.20
221.45
159.43

216.84
223.88
160.27

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

7.38
9.08
6.34
5.24

7.41
9.11
6.4;
5.25

7.65
9.44
6.51
5.43

7.56
9.31
6.4!
5.40

273.06
341.41
254.87
181.83

274.91
344.36
258.73
182.18

282.29
354.94
259.10
186.79

278.96
349.13
258.00
186.84

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.21
6.34
4.89
5.10
5.27

5.15
6.19
4.90
5.03
5.1

5.39
6.37
5.08
5.39
5.40

5.30
6.30
5.00
5.26
5.30

145.88
195.27
131.54
142.80
145.98

144.20
190.65
130.34
143.36
146.83

144.99
194.29
129.03
148.23
150.12

144.16
194.04
130.00
142.55
148.40

Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.16
7.14
7.48
7.07

7.15
7.20
7.49
6.92

7.33
7.36
7.41
7.24

7.31
7.24
7.34
7.42

244.16
243.47
263.30
236.85

243.82
246.96
262.15
231.13

241.16
241.41
251.94
237.47

242.69
239.64
251.03
244.86

Eating and drinking places4 ...

58

4.30

4.31

4.33

4.33

113.09

114.65

113.01

114.75

$358.44

177.91

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

i9
191
i94
i96
.98
>99

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly hours
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

31.2
30.2
29.8
33.4
37.7
31.9

31.4
30.2
30.0
34.0
37.4
32.0

30.5
28.7
29.0
33.1
38.2
31.9

30.7
29.1
29.4
33.0
37.8
31.7

36.3

36.3

36.6

36.4

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
iO2

36.2
36.2

36.2
36.2

36.6
36.5

36.2
36.2

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

37.1
36.7
37.1

37.2
36.6
37.6

38.1
37.0
37.6

37.6
36.7
37.7

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

37.2
36.8
37.8
37.0

37.3
37.0
38.4
37.1

37.6
37.0
37.8
37.6

37.4
36.9
37.8
37.4

32.8

32.8

32.6

32.8

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

30.5

31.1

31.2

31.3

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

33.9
28.9

34.2
29.8

34.2
30.0

33.9
29.6

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.7
36.1
28.5
38.5

33.8
36.3
28.5
38.7

33.7
36.5
28.8
37.8

33.6
36.5
28.5
38.0

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

37.6
38.1

37.9
38.7

37.6
38.8

38.1
39.1

76

38.4

38.7

38.1

38.2

78
781

29.6
38.3

29.1
37.3

27.5
35.1

28.8
35.5

79

30.9

30.9

28.9

30.5

80
801
802
805
806

32.7
30.6
28.7
31.7
34.6

32.6
30.6
28.7
31.3
34.6

32.5
30.8
27.9
31.6
34.4

32.7
30.9
27.9
32.0
34.6

81

34.5

34.7

34.8

34.9

89
891

38.3
39.3
37.1

38.5
39.6
37.4

38.4
39.7
36.8

38.6
39.8
37.1

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ..
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping .
See footnotes at end of table.

96



893

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1986P

36.5

32.9

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

$5.88
5.36
5.51
6.55
8.31
6.24

$5.85
5.36
5.48
6.52
8.31
6.18

$6.12
5.62
5.73
7.01
8.53
6.38

$6.11
5.62
5.69
7.04
8.47
6.43

7.88

7.91

8.37

8.31

$8.32 286.04

287.13

306.34

302.48

$183.46
161.87
164.20
218.77
313.29
199.06

$183.69 $186.66 $187.58
161.87 161.29 163.54
164.40 166.17 167.29
221.68 232.03 232.32
310.79 325.85 320.17
197.76 203.52 203.83

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks .

60
602

6.78
6.62

6.83
6.68

7.19
6.99

7.16
6.98

245.44
239.64

247.25
241.82

263.15
255.14

259.19
252.68

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations ...
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

7.20
6.64
7.01

7.21
6.70
6.94

7.67
7.17
7.31

7.59
7.08
7.19

267.12
243.69
260.07

268.21
245.22
260.94

292.23
265.29
274.86

285.38
259.84
271.06

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance ....
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

8.60
8.12
8.80
8.88

8.65
8.15
8.75
8.95

9.08
8.59
9.07
9.43

9.06
8.68
9.02
9.30

319.92
298.82
332.64
328.56

322.65
301.55
336.00
332.05

341.41
317.83
342.85
354.57

338.84
320.29
340.96
347.82

7.80

7.82

8.10

8.03

8.04 255.84

256.50

264.06

263.38

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts 4 .

701

5.77

5.69

5.86

5.80

175.99

176.96

182.83

181.54

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services .
Beauty shops4

721
723

5.80
6.24

5.79
6.08

5.98
6.32

6.00
6.26

196.62
180.34

198.02
181.18

204.52
189.60

203.40
185.30

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

8.18
10.74
6.40
11.03

8.18
10.67
6.38
11.03

8.44
11.56
6.54
11.70

8.40
11.28
6.61
11.56

275.67
387.71
182.40
424.66

276.48
387.32
181.83
426.86

284.43
421.94
188.35
442.26

282.24
411.72
188.39
439.28

Auto repair, services, and garages .
Automotive repair shops

75
753

7.38
7.99

7.40
7.99

7.54
8.15

7.49
8.08

277.49
304.42

280.46
309.21

283.50
316.22

285.37
315.93

Miscellaneous repair services

76

8.60

8.65

8.82

8.81

330.24

334.76

336.04

336.54

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services .

78
781

10.99
16.01

11.58
16.81

11.25
15.95

11.31
16.40

325.30
613.18

336.98
627.01

309.38
559.85

325.73
582.20

Amusement and recreation services

79

6.44

6.38

6.38

6.11

199.00

197.14

184.38

186.36

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
805
806

8.06
7.80
7.88
5.63
9.04

8.07
7.84
7.97
5.6i
9.04

8.29
8.17
8.29
5.77
9.29

8.34
8.12
8.26
5.81
9.39

263.56
238.68
226.16
178.47
312.78

263.08
239.90
228.74
175.91
312.78

269.43
251.64
231.29
182.33
319.58

272.72
250.91
230.45
185.92
324.89

Legal services

81

10.48

10.49

11.32

11.06

361.56

364.00

393.94

385.99

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services .
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
893

11.21
12.16
9.54

11.33
12.26
9.55

11.76
12.56
10.09

11.64
12.43
9.95

430.88
477.89
353.93

436.21
485.50
357.17

451.58
498.63
371.31

449.30
494.71
369.15

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in the aircraft industry (SIC
3721).
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Aug.
1986P

$303.68

264.52

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

97

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft Manufacturing
For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average
hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (sic 3721) has been used to escalate labor costs
in contracts between aircraft companies and their customers.
Although the Bureau's series by definition takes account of
traditional wage rate changes, it does not capture "lump-sum
payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases" which
were negotiated in aircraft manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
As a service to aircraft companies and other interested parties,
BLS has calculated an average hourly earnings series for sic 3721
which includes lump-sum payments. This series is presented in
table C-2a along with the average hourly earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. The
series begins in October 1983, the effective date of the first aircraft bargaining agreement using lump-sum payments.
The general practice in the industry has been to make this
payment at the beginning of the contract year "in lieu of a
wage increase" and to base the amount of the payment on the
workers' earnings during the preceding year. As a result, the
Bureau considered three approaches to the method for
calculating an average hourly earnings series which includes
lump-sum payments:
1. The entire payment could be included in the month in
which the payment was made.
2. The payments could be prorated backward to payroll
periods used to determine the amount of the lump-sum
payment.
3. The payments could be prorated forward as an advance

payment for payroll periods in the year following the
payment.
The first approach, attractive because it includes the payment in the month in which it is received by the worker, creates
1-month "spikes" and a series which would not be useful for
escalation purposes. The second approach, which prorates the
payments backward, places emphasis on the determination of
the amount of the payment from workers' earnings in the
previous year. This approach generally relates the payments to
the workers who receive them. However, the Bureau has
received statements from both union and company officials
who negotiated the agreements covering a majority of the
workers in the industry. These statements make clear that the
intent of the bargainers was to make an advance payment for
the upcoming contract year in lieu of an increase in wage rates
for that following year.
Because BLS has a longstanding policy of leaving the interpretation of collective bargaining agreements to the parties involved,
the Bureau calculated the inclusion of lump-sum payments using
the third method, prorating the payments forward through the
years covered by the contract. Because the payments prorated forward under this approach may include payments to workers no
longer on the payroll, data provided by the aircraft companies
have been used to adjust for this difference.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes
in the way that employees are compensated. The changes are
widespread and they differ by industry. Because of these
developments, the Bureau plans to conduct a broad-based
review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and
wage programs to determine the proper treatment of lumpsum payments and other new compensation practices.

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft manufacturing (SIC 3721)

Year

Annual
average

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

$12.76
13.04
13.35

$12.83
13.05
13.37

$12.93
13.13
13.48

$12.83
13.26
13.54

$12.92
13.28
13.57

$13.03
13.37
13.68

Average hourly earnings, excluding lump-sum payments

1983
1984
1985
1986

$12.91
13.18

$12.82
13.01
13.38

$12.88
13.12
13.44

$12.85
13.11
13.46

$12.81
13.04
13.46

$12.78
13.06
13.38

$12.87
13.11
13.42

$12.89
13.05
p
13.39

$12.87
13.16

$12.97
13.26

Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum payments

1983
1984
1985
1986
p

$13.11
13.40
= preliminary.

98




$12.95
13.26
13.58

$13.02
13.36
13.64

$13.02
13.33
13.66

$12.98
13.26
13.66

$12.97
13.27
13.58

$13.06
13.33
13.63

$13.11
13.29
p
13.60

$13.09
13.39

$13.19
13.48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

$9.19

$9.12

$9.32

$9.35

$9.26

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment...
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

9.72
7.88
7.02
9.32
11.28
9.31
9.94
9.21
12.03
8.94
7.16

9.65
7.92
6.99
9.30
11.12
9.25
9.88
9.21
12.02
8.93
7.08

9.85
8.06
7.23
9.47
11.39
9.49
10.14
9.30
12.17
9.14
7.34

9.87
8.00
7.23
9.47
11.51
9.48
10.17
9.38
12.16
9.21
7.41

9.78
(2)

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ..
Leather and leather products

8.42
8.15
12.66
6.45
5.61
10.34
9.39
11.14
13.39
8.20
5.72

8.36
8.06
12.14
6.45
5.58
10.30
9.39
11.16
13.37
8.17
5.68

8.56
8.34
13.37
6.56
5.67
10.58
9.58
11.45
13.47
8.38
5.77

8.63
8.32
13.40
6.58
5.65
10.67
9.64
11.52
13.46
8.43
5.78

$8.56
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(22)
()

Industry

Manufacturing

1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

(2)
(2)
/2\

/2\

()
(2)

(2)

(22)
()
(2)

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$8.52
4.85

$8.52
4.84

$8.71
4.89

$8.69
4.89

$8.69

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

11.92
6.78

11.99
6.81

12.50
7.02

12.46
7.00

$12.47

510.18
290.20

519.17
294.82

525.00
294.94

517.09
290.66

$520.00

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.21
6.95

12.28
6.97

12.31
6.92

12.31
6.92

$12.42

471.31
268.09

471.55
267.77

465.32
261.42

470.24
264.33

$475.69

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.55
5.43

9.49
5.39

9.70
5.45

9.73
5.47

$9.68
(2)

382.96

384.35

395.76
222.34

391.15
219.87

$393.98

11.37
6.47

11.42
6.48

11.57
6.50

11.60
6.52

$11.56

449.12
255.47

454.52
258.10

455.86
256.10

457.04
256.91

$457.78

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.14
5.20

9.12
5.18

9.32
5.24

9.30
5.23

$9.31

352.80
200.68

351.12
199.39

358.82
201.58

358.05
201.26

$358.44

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

5.90
3.36

5.88
3.34

5.99
3.37

5.97
3.36

$5.95

177.59
101.02

176.99
100.51

176.71
99.28

178.50
100.34

$177.91

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

7.88
4.48

7.91
4.49

8.37
4.70

8.31
4.67

$8.32

286.04
162.71

287.13
163.05

306.34
172.10

302.48
170.03

$303.68

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

7.80
4.44

7.82
4.44

8.10
4.55

8.03
4.52

$8.04

255.84
145.53

256.50
145.66

264.06
148.35

263.38
148.05

$264.52

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

July
1985

Aug.
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Aug.
1986P

$299.05 $299.90 $303.98 $304.15 $305.02
170.30
170.97
170.78
170.11

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced all unadjusted data from April 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1985

1986

Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July"

Aug.1

34.9

34.9

34.9

34.8

34.9

35.0

34.9

34.9

34.8

34.8

34.7

34.7

34.8

40.6
3.3
41.3
3.4
40.1
39.3
42.0
41.7
41.5
41.4
41.6
40.7
42.9
43.7
40.9

40.7
3.3
41.3
3.5
40.1
39.4
42.0
41.5
41.1
41.5
41.6
40.5
42.9
43.6
40.9

40.7
3.4
41.3
3.5
40.2
39.5
42.1
41.8
41.6
41.5
41.5
40.6
42.8
43.7
40.9

40.7
3.4
41.3
3.6
39.9
39.4
41.8
41.9
41.9
41.5
41.6
40.9
42.7
43.6
41.0

40.9
3.6
41.6
3.7
40.2
39.9
41.8
42.1
41.9
41.6
41.7
41.1
43.0
44.0
41.6

40.8
3.5
41.5
3.6
40.4
40.0
42.7
41.9
41.7
41.5
41.6
41.0
42.8
43.6
41.1

40.7
3.4
41.4
3.5
40.0
39.7
41.9
42.1
41.8
41.5
41.6
40.9
42.7
43.4
41.2

40.7
3.4
41.4
3.6
40.2
39.4
41.9
41.9
41.7
41.4
41.6
41.0
42.7
43.3
41.3

40.7
3.4
41.3
3.6
40.3
39.1
42.4
41.3
40.5
41.2
41.8
41.1
42.1
41.9
41.3

40.7
3.4
41.2
3.4
40.3
39.4
42.3
41.7
41.5
41.1
41.8
41.0
41.9
41.8
40.9

40.6
3.3
41.2
3.5
39.9
39.4
42.2
41.6
41.1
41.1
41.7
41.0
42.2
42.4
41.0

40.6
3.5
41.2
3.5
40.0
39.4
42.2
41.3
41.3
41.0
41.5
41.3
42.1
42.3
40.7

40.8
3.5
41.4
3.6
40.0
39.7
42.5
42.1
42.1
41.2
41.0
41.4
43.1
43.6
40.8

39.6
3.1
40.0
2
()

39.8
3.1
40.1
2
()

39.8
3.2
40.2
2
()

39.8
3.2
40.0
2
()

40.0
3.4
40.1
2
()

39.9
3.3
40.1
2
()

39.8
3.2
39.9
2
()

39.9
3.3
40.2
2
()

39.9
3.4
40.2

40.5
36.6
43.1
37.9
41.7
43.3

40.7
36.6
43.2
37.9
41.8
44.2

40.8
36.8
43.3
37.9
41.9
43.2

41.0
36.8
43.5
38.1
42.0
43.6

40.8
36.7
43.6
38.0
41.9
43.5

40.7
36.5
43.5
38.0
41.9
43.8

41.3
36.9
43.0
38.0
41.9
43.6

36.5
43.2
38.0
42.0
43.4

39.8
3.2
40.0
2
()
40.8
36.5
43.1
37.8
41.9
44.0

39.8
3.4
40.1
2
()

40.0
36.4
43.1
37.9
41.9
43.3

39.7
3.2
39.8
2
()
40.6
36.3
43.5
38.0
41.8
43.7

40.9
36.7
43.3
37.8
41.9
43.3

40.0
3.4
40.5
2
()
41.4
36.4
43.7
37.8
42.0
43.5

Transportation and public utilities

39.5

39.5

39.5

39.4

39.5

39.4

39.5

39.6

39.2

39.2

39.1

39.2

39.3

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.4

38.5

38.4

38.5

38.5

38.4

38.3

38.3

38.4

Retail trade

29.4

29.4

29.3

29.3

29.2

29.3

29.3

29.3

29.2

29.2

29.1

29.2

29.2

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

2

2

2

2

2

2

(2)
41.1

2

2

Finance, insurance, and real estate .

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

()

(2)

Services

32.5

32.4

32.5

32.4

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.4

32.4

32.5

1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular

100



2

2

2

2

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
1986

1985
Industry
Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Julyp

Total private

115.7

115.9

116.3

116.4

116.8

117.8

117.5

117.4

117.8

117.7

117.3

118.0

118.6

Goods-producing

98.7

98.6

99.0

98.9

99.3

100.6

98.8

98.5

98.8

98.0

98.1

99.0

Mining

105.8

104.9

104.2

103.4

102.8

104.5

99.3

95.0

85.3

83.4

83.2

81.6

Construction

125.4

126.8

127.7

126.2

126.4

134.1

126.3

126.6

132.6

130.3

131.8

134.3

93.2

92.9

93.2

93.3

94.0

93.9

93.5

93.3

93.2

92.9

92.4

92.3

93.0

91.8
96.4
103.6
86.3
65.6
52.2
91.2
90.8
103.4
97.3
89.9
104.5
80.1

92.2
97.1
104.2
86.7
66.2
53.3
91.3
90.6
103.7
98.2
91.9
104.2
80.3

92.2
96.7
104.2
86.3
66.9
55.6
91.1
90.4
104.2
98.1
91.0
104.5
80.4

92.7
97.8
105.5
86.5
67.6
56.3
91.2
90.3
104.4
99.0
92.8

92.6
99.1
105.7
89.1
66.7
53.4
91.0
90.2
103.8
98.2
92.1

92.1
98.1

106.3
81.3

105.3
82.4

91.5
99.3
103.6
89.2
64.7
51.8
90.1
89.4
103.0
95.6
85.3
106.1
81.6

91.0
99.3
104.9
88.8
64.8
52.6
89.4
88.9
102.8
94.2
83.4
104.5
81.2

90.3
98.5
104.9
88.2
62.7
51.6
88.9
88.3
100.6
94.9
84.5
104.5
81.7

90.0
98.4
105.2
87.7
61.6
51.6
88.0
87.2
103.3
94.3
83.1
102.9
80.4

90.6
99.4

104.9
87.4
66.8
55.1
90.6
89.6
103.2
97.9
89.4
105.8
82.4

91.7
98.6
104.4
87.4
65.6
53.6
90.2
89.3
102.9
97.1
88.4
106.1
81.8

94.8
97.3
85.0
76.7
86.1
100.5
124.2

95.1

95.8

95.7

95.8

95.7

96.5

98.4
85.4
77.8
85.4

99.1
81.6
78.4
86.6
101.0
127.8

99.5
82.1
78.4

99.9
84.1
78.5
85.3

101.2

86.7
101.4
125.0

98.2
82.8
77.3
85.5
102.0
127.0

95.6
99.9
79.5
77.9

95.7

98.2
84.5
77.7
87.2

95.9
98.2
85.2
77.6

95.5

97.0
78.3
77.2

94.0
83.4
108.7

94.5
96.9
84.9
76.2
86.0
100.1
124.1
93.7
80.3
109.0

93.8

93.7

81.9
109.7

80.9
110.7

63.4

63.9

64.1

63.3

125.0

125.4

125.8

106.8

107.5

118.4

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

92.4
96.2

104.2
86.5
66.1
52.7
91.3
91.5
105.2
98.0
91.5
105.1
79.9
94.3
96.7
82.5
75.4
85.3
100.3
124.2

90.2
133.7

85.2
101.7
127.8

101.8
126.3

102.3
126.4

93.9
80.8

111.6

93.4
80.6
112.4

81.0
112.1

112.7

111.8

92.9
79.7
111.8

63.3

62.6

61.3

60.9

58.5

57.5

126.0

126.5

127.3

127.8

127.8

127.9

107.7

107.7

108.1

107.9

108.0

108.2

118.5

118.9

118.9

119.1

119.9

119.8

116.3

116.4

116.5

116.8

116.5

117.8

130.2

131.4

131.2

131.9

133.5

139.9

140.1

141.2

141.4

142.3

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.




87.3

99.4

102.0
127.4
93.4
80.4

84.8

Aug.1

106.3
88.5
60.3
53.2
88.7
86.2

103.3
97.1
85.5
105.1
81.8

72.9
79.9
84.5
102.5
127.6

101.7
127.6
93.2

101.5

80.8

111.7

79.5
110.5

113.3

56.8

56.4

59.2

128.2

128.0

128.9

129.4

106.8

106.8

104.3

107.2

106.5

120.1

120.6

120.2

119.0

119.8

120.3

118.3

118.4

118.1

118.5

118.4

119.1

119.2

133.3

135.4

135.6

135.4

135.8

137.6

137.3

138.9

143.2

143.7

143.5

144.2

144.8

145.2

145.9

146.7

93.3

93.2
80.1

127.9
93.5

94.9
80.6

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are
subject to revision.

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-7. The Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1
on private nonagrlcultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1986

1985
Industry
Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Aug.p

May

June

July"

169.2

168.8

169,2

3

174.3

()
150.9
172.6
170.3
(3)
157.7
(3)
173.2

(3)
151.7
172.8
169,6
(3)
158.2
(3)
174.2

Hourly Earnings lndexJ(1977«100)
Total private (in current dollars)

Construction
Manufacturing •••
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade

165.5

166.4

166.2

166.8

167.7

167.3

168,2

()
150.3
169.4
166.6

0

3

3

3

3

3

(3)

155.7
Finance, Insurance, and real eatate .
8ervloes
Total private (in constant dollars)4

0
168.9

()
149.7
170.7
168.6

(3)
170.9

()
151.2
171.0
169.1
(3)
157.5
(3)
171.6

94.0

93.9

94.0

$8.63

$8.65

$8.70

150.7
169.5
167.9

()
150.4
169.7
167.4

()
150.3
170.2
168.5

0

156.4

156.6

169.9

94.4

$8.62

156.8
(3)
169.8

0

168.5

168,4

168.7

O

3

3

(3)
171.7

()
149.7
171.3
169.6
(3)
157.3
(3)
173.1

149.2
171.8
170.2
(3)
157.4
(3)
174.0

93.5

94.4

95.1

(3)

157.0

()

(8)
173.1

()
151.0
172.5
170.1
(3)
157.2
(3)
173.4

95.4

95.4

95.2

95.1

0

$8.72

$8.73

$8.74

$8.72

$8.76

()
150.6
172,0
169.3
(3)

157.3

151.4
172.4
170.7
(3)
157.8

0

94.1
Average hourly earnings
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services

$8.59

$8.68

$8.71

$8.73

()
()
()
()
()
()
()
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
$12.32 $12.35 $12.33 $12.34 $12.40 $12.25 $12.29 $12.23 $12.34 $12.38 $12.43 $12.40 $12.46
9.68
9.70
9.57
9.58
963
9.68
9.65
9.61
9.68
9.71
9.72
9.76
9.72
11.43 11.49 11.47 11.52 11.56 11.56 11.62 11.65 11.58 11.62 11.63 11.61 11.57
9.27
9.17
9.20
9.24
9.30
9.22
9.36
9.19
9.34
9.35
9.31
9.36
9.29
5.94
5.98
5.97
6.02
5.99
5.99
5.96
5.99
6.01
6.00
6.00
6.01
5.99
7.98
8.04
8.08
8.14
8.10
8.04
8.21
8.28
8.27
8.40
8.34
8.40
8.31
7.93
7.97
8.02
8.05
8.05
7.98
8.11
8.11
8.16
8.17
8.11
8.15
8.12
Average weekly earnings

Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars 4 .

299.79 300.84 301.19 301.02 303.63 303.80 303.98 304.68 303.46 303.80 303.28 302.58 304.85
170.43 170.74 170.45 169.49 170.20 169.72 170.58 171.94 171.93 171.83 170.67 170.37

* Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Excludes the effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements: Fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing
and interindustry employment shifts.
3
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular

102



components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
- preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1985 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1982 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and ssrnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls In Statss and sslsctsd
arsas
Average weakly hours
State and arta

Average hourly earnings

June
1986

July
1986"

$357.24
361.90

$353.87
346.72

O

$346.36
348.81
440.72

$10.03

414.80

$465.41

$451.35

9.90

387.32

403.76

404.91

ft
ft

ft
ft

June
1986

July
1986P

40.7
39.5
42.5

41.3
40.8

41.1
39.4
0)

$8.51
8.78
10.37

$8.65
8.87

$8.61
8.80

40.0

38.4

45.0

10.37

$12.12

40.9

41.2

40.9

9.47

ft
ft

ft
ft

ft
ft

9.80
ft

39.6
38.9
40.1
40.8
41.1

40.9
40.3
40.5
40.2

40.2
40.6
40.3
40.0

39.7

40.3

39.3
39.3

40.4

41.5
40.6
41.5
41.9
40.5
40.9
42.4

Delaware
Wilmington
District of Columbia!
Washington MSA

,

,

Mobile..

,,

Alaska
Arliona
Phoenix
Tucson
,
Arkansas
,
Fayettevllle~Springdale
Fort Smith
...,„..
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

,.,...

,

,
,..,..............,„.,
,

California
Colorado
Denver

.,
,

Connecticut
,
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

,....,..>..

.

Fort U u d e r d a i e ^
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
T
T
Pensacola
.,
,.,
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Ratpn-Delray Beach
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

,

,

,

Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
,
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
,
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

,

!.!..!.Z'.Z

ft
2

June
1986

July
1985

July
1985

Birmingham

July
1985

2

Average weekly earnings

July
1988*

ft
ft

0

8

7.57
6.65
8.00
8.11
9.55

7.71
6.92
8.10
8.26

7.77
6.89
8.10
8.42

299.77
258.69
320.80
330.89
392.51

315.34
278.88
328.05
332.05

312.35
279.73
326.43
336.80

10.14

$10.31

$10.32

402.56

$415.49

$410.74

40.4

9.51
10.21

9.60

9.57

373.74
401.25

387.84

41.8
41.4
41.7

41.4
39.0
41.7

$9.92
10.31
10.26

$9.98
10.38
10.26

$413.17
404.82
427.84

39.9

$9.58

$9.63

$389.91

42.5

41.0

$8.36

$8.46

397.16
408.84
409.19
407.27
368.55
395.09
337.50

$414.66
426.83
427.84

40.7

9.57
10.07
9.86
9.72
9.10
9.66
7.96

$355.30

$384.24
(1)
$346.86

40.9
40.6

41.6
42.4

39.9
40.1

9.99
11.75

9.94
11.78

9.56
11.82

408.59
477.05

413.50
499.47

381.44
473.98

37.8

38.5

38.6

10.42

10.19

10.31

393.88

392.32

397.97

40.9
40.4
41.8
41.7
38.4
41.5
39.2
40.5
42.9

41.2

40.8
44.1

38.8
42.6

38.3
42.5

7.87
7.73
8.36
8.03
6.85
8.36
9.48
7.50
8.11

321.88
312.29
349.45
334.85
263.04
346.94
371.62
303.75
347.92

327.95

42.0

329.26
(1)
$380.14
(1)
$266.19
354.03
(1)
$298.45
(1)

0

40.9

39.9

40.2

7.96

8.07

$8.44

$8.62

$6.85
8.15

$6.95
8.33

0
O

$354.48
$265.78
347.19

O

$306.34

0

$7.49

$7.48

8.08
9.35
10.11

$8.18

$8.18

329.66
385.22
441.81

$335.38

$328.84

40.8
41.2
43.7

41.0

36.9
37.2

38.4
39.0

38.2
37.6

8.63
8.74

$8.54
8.59

$8.52
8.50

318.45
325.13

$327.94
335.01

$325.46
319.60

37.0

39.7

38.7

9.79

9.68

9.77

362.23

384.30

378.10

39.9
39.7
38.0
40.0
40.8
40.3
40.1
41.6
38.1
39.4
38.8
39.9
41.7

40.8

40.8
(1)

10.34
9.89
10.42
9.16
10.19
12.41
13.53
11.48
10.13
10.25
12.54
10.65
11.46

10.59

(1)

10.63
(1)
$10.62
9.15
10.31
12.19
13.76
0)

412.57
392.63
395.96
366.40
415.75
500.12
542.55
477.57
385.95
403.85
486.55
424.94
477.88

432.07
(1)
$434.68
352.68
433.25
503.42
568.56

433.70
(1)
$439.67
369.66
423.74
491.26
543.52

40.7
39.1
41.9
40.5
41.2

41.9
41.9
39.4

0

41.4
40.4
41.1
40.3
39.5

41.1
42.9
40.6

O

$10.68
9.02
10.34
12.43
13.80
()

1

O
$12.77
10.94
11.23

$12.72
11.27
11.03

O
1

$535.06
458.39
442.46

$522.79
483.48
447.82

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

$10.78

$437.63
596.99
457.06

$446.54

$439.82

$10.42
11.62
11.27
(1)
$8.53

$10.48
11.63
11.17
(1)
$8.51

408.18
442.32
470.02
464.47
334.11

$416.80
470.61
429.39
(1)
$362.53

$412.91
451.24

9.43
10.38

9.62
10.66
10.17

9.68
10.56
10.11

371.54
400.67
382.57

389.61
433.86
390.53

383.33
428.74
363.96

39.8

9.50
10.07
10.66

9.87
(1)
$10.91

9.81
(1)
$11.12

363.85
386.69
428.53

384.93
(1)
$439.67

376.70
(1)
$442.58

41.1
40.5
40.5
37.7

10.42
12.45
10.44
10.59

10.59
12.50
10.60
10.56

10.72
12.47
10.90
10.27

429.30
537.84
427.00
407.72

437.37
520.00
419.76
404.45

440.59
505.04
441.45
387.18

40.8
(1)
39.3

40.4
(1)

8.27
6.81
8.78

8.55
(1)
$9.07

8.73
(1)
$8.91

331.63
271.04
335.40

348.84
(1)
$356.45

352.69
(1)
$340.36

40.1
41.0

40.7

40.3

9.75
10.29

9.90

10.04

390.98
421.89

402.93

404.61

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield
Worcester

40.2
40.3
38.1
37.3
40.3
41.0
38.4
41.4
41.2

41.3
40.7
(1)

41.1
40.2

$9.18
10.10

$9.31
10.06

$382.64
404.41

42.7
41.0

$8.97
9.41

$8.99
9.66

367.43
387.69
265.56
256.25
354.24
338.66
298.75
371.36
378.22

$379.13
411.07

42.7
41.1

9.14
9.62
6.97
6.87
8.79
8.26
7.78
8.97
9.18

$383.02
386.75

$383.87
396.06

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

42.6
43.3
41.7
43.0
46.5
40.5
41.1
42.6
41.4
39.1
44.4

42.3
44.5
(1)
43.3
43.1
40.4

41.6
41.6

12.76
13.43
(1)
$13.74
14.63

12.72
12.96
(1)
$13.63

(1)
43.5

(1)
43.1

12.60
13.09
13.60
13.32
14.54
10.60
9.99
12.01
14.70
11.22
14.23

536.76
566.80
567.12
572.76
676.11
429.30
410.59
511.63
608.58
438.70
631.81

539.75
597.63
(1)
$594.94
630.55
432.68
(1)
$502.44
593.39
(1)
$607.69

529.15
539.14
(1)
$575.19
647.96
427.05
(1)
$498.54
602.94
(1)
$608.14

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

40.2
36.3
40.6
39.4

40.5
39.2
41.0
39.8

40.1
34.7
40.3
39.8

10.03
10.81

10.26
10.84

10.79

11.00

10.13
10.77
10.91

9.74

9.22

9.23

403.21
392.40
438.07
383.76

415.53
424.93
451.00
366.96

406.21
373.72
439.67
367.35

Mississippi
Jackson

39.4
40.4

40.5
40.5

39.2
39.5

7.14
8.19

7.45
8.26

7.42
8.25

281.32
330.88

301.73
334.53

290.86
325.88

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield

39.7
40.1
40.5
39.9
33.9

40.6
40.5
(1)
40.2
42.0

40.1
40.7
40.1
43.5

9.49
10.63
8.59
11.02
9.19

9.77
11.00
1
()
$11.13
9.00

9.70
10.95
1
()
$11.16
9.02

376.75
426.26
347.90
439.70
311.54

396.66
445.50
(1)
$447.43
378.00

388.97
445.67
(1)
$447.52
392.37

Montana

38.5

39.9

39.0

10.99

11.00

10.99

423.12

438.90

428.61

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

Indiana
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis

40.9
42.4
41.4

41.5

40.8

$10.70
14.08
11.04

$10.76

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

39.4
38.8
39.9
38.9
40.4

40.0
40.5
38.1

39.4

0

O

42.5

41.0

10.36
11.40
11.78
11.94
8.27

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

39.4
38.6
38.8

40.5
40.7
38.4

39.6
40.6
36.0

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

38.3
38.4
40.2

39.0
(1)
40.3

38.4
(1)

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

41.2
43.2
40.9
38.5

41.3
41.6
39.6
38.3

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.1
39.8
38.2

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

See footnotes at end of table.

104




38.8
39.4

38.2

0

O

42.4
41.7

1

()
42.2

43.9
39.8
(1)
42.0

41.9

(1)

July

()

01
()

10.71
1

()
$11.85
14.23
(1)
$13.97

14.76

10.73
(1)
$11.87

14.39
(1)
$14.11

440.10

(1)
$348.91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986"

$9.17
9.41
9.68

$362.06
371.69
394.21

$382.85
383.13
407.82

$356.71
351.93
386.23

9.35
11.03

9.33
11.24

373.98
446.93

370.26
436.79

375.07
446.23

8.69

8.82

358.90

355.45

$9.96

$10.11

337.11
328.94
397.19

$396.41

$387.21

9.90
8.95
9.30
10.06
8.78
10.54
9.66
10.46

10.16

10.20

398.97
328.47
372.93
401.39
343.30
440.57
390.26
432.00

416.56

416.16

40.3

8.70
8.53

$8.85

$8.98

334.08
327.55

$348.69

$361.89

39.5
39.6
40.0
41.4

9.70
9.88
8.44
12.07
9.11
9.73
12.58
9.51
8.92
8.76
12.63
7.19
8.58
11.71
9.27
10.93
8.69
10.09

$9.90
10.27
8.89
12.23

$9.95
10.25
8.92
12.14

382.18
393.22
335.07
499.70
358.93
388.23
523.33
378.50
330.04
320.62
526.67
271.78
356.07
484.79
376.36
445.94
354.55
395.53

$394.02
417.99
360.93
513.66

$393.03
405.90
356.80
502.60

0)

(1)
(1)
$406.81
339.66
328.50
523.00

July
1985

June
1986

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

39.7
38.2
39.9

41.3
40.5
42.0

38.9
37.4
39.9

$9.12
9.73
9.88

$9.27
9.46
9.71

Nevada
Las Vegas

40.3
40.3

39.6
39.6

40.2
39.7

9.28
11.09

39.8
39.3
39.6

41.3

40.3

39.8

38.3

8.47
8.37
10.03

New Jersey .
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Newark
...
Trenton

40.3
36.7
40.1
39.9
39.1
41.8
40.4
41.3

41.0

40.8

New Mexico
Albuquerque

38.4
38.4

39.4

39.4
39.8
39.7
41.4
39.4
39.9
41.6
39.8
37.0
36.6
41.7
37.8
41.5
41.4
40.6
40.8
40.8
39.2

39.8
40.7
40.6
42.0

38.9
41 1
38.4
37.7
41.2

41.3
40.3
41.8

38.3
38.5

Manchester
Nashua

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira .
Glens Falls
Monroe County
Nassau-Suffolk
.
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls ...
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
.
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

. .

. . .

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

..

.

0

9
O

0)

Average weekly earnings

O

40.3
37.2
36.7
41.1

40.6
37.0
36.5
40.7

41.2
40.5
41.1
41.0
39.9

41.4
40.8
39.9
40.6
39.1

40.7

40.1

July
1986?

0)
O

$10.03
9.14
9.00
12.81

$10.02
9.18
9.00
12.85

$11.94
9.72
11.26
9.34
9.97

$11.94
9.66
11.28
9.38
10.36

7.49

7.51

41.1
39.5
41.5

7.28
7.31
7.49
7.93
8.28

$7.64
8.28
8.61

$7.70
8.31
8.54

38.2

38.7

7.97
8.23

8.17

41.9
43.9

41.5
43.0

41.7
42.1
41.0
43.1
42.2

41.8
40.9
40.9
42.7
42.1

Ohio
Akron
Canton .
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

41.7
42.6
39.5
40.9
40.9
40.8
44.2
42.2
42.8

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.4
40.0
38.9

41.2
40.0
39.2

40.4
39.5
39.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

37.1
37.0
37.2
34.5

38.9
40.4
39.1
38.5

38.2
38.1
38.7
35.9

8.06

0

O

O
0
0

(1)
(1)

0)
(11)
()

$404.21
340.01
330.30
526.49

0
$491.93
393.66
462.79
382.94
397.80

(1)
$494.32
394.13
450.07
380.83
405.08

304.84

301.15

$315.53
333.68
359.90

$316.47
328.25
354.41

305.25
316.86

312.09

311.92

472.46
468.17
431.34
428.22
452.76
439.42
537.03
517.37
569.67

$481.85
492.12
$443.69
480.36
460.43
518.06
524.12

$446.42
460.13
458.90
514.11
527.09

283.19
300.44
287.62
298.96
341.14

0
$476.84
479.02

$11.50
11.21

$11.49
11.14

$10.64
11.41
11.23
12.02
12.42

$10.68
11.25
11.22
12.04
12.52

9.72
10.27
10.38

$9.75
10.85
10.47

$9.80
10.86
10.56

392.69
410.80
403.78

$401.70
434.00
410.42

$395.92
428.97
413.95

10.51
10.81
10.50
8.59

10.76
11.20
10.89
9.39

10.55
10.48
10.82
9.13

389.92
399.97
390.60
296.36

418.56
452.48
425.80
361.52

403.01
399.29
418.73
327.77

11.33
10.99
10.92
10.47
11.07
10.77
12.15
12.26
13.31

O

0)

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls In States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

July
1985

June
1986

Average hourly earnings

July
1986P

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Delaware Valley
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

39.9
39.8
40.0
41.9
39.7
42.5
39.0
37.8
39.5
39.7
41.3
40.4
38.7
39.3
40.6

40.3
38.9
(1)
42.6
39.7
(1)
39.8
(1)
40.3
39.8

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro .
Providence

39.9
40.1
39.7

40.7

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .

39.8
43.5
39.1
40.2

40.8
(1)
40.3
41.0

40.4

South Dakota.
Sioux Falls ....

41.9
47.7

Tennessee

41.0
40.4
38.0

(1)
41.1

40.1
38.6
1

()

41.3

39.1

(1)
39.2
(1)
40.2

39.2
41.2
40.1
38.2

(1)
41.1

July
1985

10.35
8.29
11.74
9.96
10.15
9.04
8.23
9.16
9.98
11.10
9.84
8.29
8.49
8.86

June
1986

$9.69
10.21
1

()
$11.99
10.10

(1)
$9.19
(1)
$9.59
10.10
11.02
9.87
8.51
(1)
$9.18

July

$9.74
10.31

O

$11.99
10.09
(1)
$9.24
(1)
$9.62
10.12
11.14
9.94
8.48

(1)
$9.21

Average weekly earnings

July
1985

June
1986

July

$383.04
411.93
331.60
491.91
395.41
431.38
352.56
311.09
361.82
396.21
458.43
397.54
320.82
333.66
359.72

$390.51
397.17

$390.57
397.97
(1)
$495.19
394.52
1

1

()

$510.77
400.97
(1)
$365.76

O

()
$362.21
(1)

$386.48
401.98
451.82
398.75
323.38

$386.72
396.70
458.97
398.59
323.94

$377.30

$378.53

303.24
288.32
295.77

321.94

317.99

0)

O
O

$322.32
$313.94
316.52

$320.37
(1)
$309.64
314.20

0

0

7.60
7.19
7.45

7.91
(1)
$7.90
(1)
$7.79
7.72

$7.93

39.8
40.7

7.61
9.43
7.55
7.39

$7.78
7.72

302.88
410.20
295.20
297.08

41.8
46.0

42.4
46.7

7.44
7.41

7.75
7.99

7.68
8.03

311.74
353.46

323.95
367.54

325.63
375.00

40.7
40.7
42.7
40.6
41.9
39.7

41.3
43.4
(1)
39.4
44.4

40.8

8.43
7.56

38.5

$8.25
8.61
9.22

338.22
297.11
379.18
364.59
366.62
368.02

348.16
328.10

()
$8.32
8.60
9.30

8.46
7.54
()

39.1

8.31
7.30
8.88
8.98
8.75
9.27

$327.81
381.84
363.63

345.17
323.47
(1)
$325.05
370.23
354.97

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington .
Houston
San Antonio

40.6
41.0
40.6
42.4
39.7

41.3
41.9
41.5
41.7
40.7

41.4
42.6
40.8
42.1
39.4

9.47
9.09
9.39
11.12
7.21

9.57
9.47
9.53
11.23
7.35

9.58
9.33
9.43
11.27
7.39

384.48
372.69
381.23
471.49
286.24

395.24
396.79
395.50
468.29
299.15

396.61
397.46
384.74
474.47
291.17

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden.

39.7
39.1

39.8
39.9

39.8
39.8

9.46
9.15

9.84
9.63

9.81
9.67

375.56
357.77

391.63
384.24

390.44
384.87

Vermont
Burlington ..
Springfield .

39.3
41.7
40.5

40.8
41.8

40.0
42.9

8.37
9.15
8.26

8.75
9.55

8.95
9.74

328.94
381.56
334.53

357.00
399.19

358.00
417.85

39.6
39.9
38.5
39.3
39.9
38.7
39.0
41.1

40.4
41.1
(1)

39.8

$8.86
7.45

$8.89
7.54

$353.82
300.85
(1)

0

336.60
291.27
274.89
315.97
329.97
338.24
404.04
324.28

$357.94
306.20

O

8.50
7.30
7.14
8.04
8.27
8.74
10.36
7.89

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol.
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg .
Roanoke
Washington .

See footnotes at end of table.

106




40.1

O

42.9
1

( )

39.4
43.0

O

39.7
41.4
40.6
40.3

39.9
(1)
40.3
41.5
40.7
41.1

0

1

7.93

01
O

1

(1)

0)
$8.31
9.42
11.16
8.33

$8.28
9.42
11.52
8.14

O

1

( )

0
0
(1)
$329.91
389.99
453.10
335.70

O
$333.68
390.93
468.86
334.55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

July
1985

June

July
1986P

Average hourly earnings
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Average weekly earnings
July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland..
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

38.8
42.0
38.8
41.1
39.4

40.6
42.3
39.5
41.8

39.5
41.5
39.0
41.8

$10.47
12.56
11.64
11.76
12.40

$10.36
12.88
12.05
12.20

$10.48
12.88
12.12
12.16

$406.24
527.52
451.63
483.34
488.56

$420.62
544.82
475.98
509.96

$413.96
534.52
472.68
508.29

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

41.0
43.3
42.4
41.6
39.0
39.3
36.8
41.6
40.7
38.7
37.9
42.4

41.1
42.2
40.8
41.7
38.1

41.2
43.3
39.9
42.4
37.7

$10.34
10.16
10.29
11.16
11.69

$10.34
10.33
10.37
11.00
11.90

38.7
41.4
41.2
39.2

417.38
433.00
457.07
455.52
473.46
477.89
340.77
397.28
470.49
405.96
351.33
408.74

$424.97
428.75
419.83
465.37
445.39
(1)
$368.55
391.78
471.58
447.43
(1)

$426.01
447.29
413.76
466.40
448.63

39.0
40.1
40.9
41.2

10.18
10.00
10.78
10.95
12.14
12.16
9.26
9.55
11.56
10.49
9.27

Wyoming

40.8

36.2

37.3

(1)

0

O

0

$9.45
9.77
11.53
10.86

$9.37
9.64
11.71
10.70

$9.94

$9.92

9.64
10.32
Puerto Rico

38.6

38.3

38.5

Virgin Islands

42.3

42.3

42.4

5.16
9.23
1

Publication of data has been suspended because of budget cuts.
Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

2
p




421.06

5.21

5.25

199.18

9.85

9.88

390.43

O
$362.62
399.10
482.45
419.44

0
$359.83
199.54
416.65

$370.02
202.12
418.91

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1985
benchmarks except Michigan. Data for Michigan have been adjusted to December
1984 benchmarks.

107

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government




June 1986
to
July 1986r

July 1986
to
Aug. 1986P

0.2

0.5

-21.4
6.8
-.3
-1.4
1.4
-.4
1.8
2.5
7.0
5.3

-1.8
1.0
-.2
-.3
.0
.6
.5
.4
.1
.6

-1.0
1.7
.6
.6
.6
-.7
.3
.2
1.0
.5

1.6

-.1

.6

Aug. 1985
to
Aug. 1986P

June
1986r

July
1986r

Aug.
1986P

185,448

185,880

186,789

2.3

152,399

152,850

153,575

2.5

1,680
9,541
40,321
24,103
16,218
10,712
11,614
27,220
11,991
39,320

1,650
9,634
40,241
24,023
16,217
10,774
11,668
27,322
11,998
39,564

1,634
9,802
40,472
24,156
16,315
10,703
11,704
27,371
12,122
39,769

33,049

33,030

33,214

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
=revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

108

Percent change

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2134-1,
chapter 13, Productivity Measures: Business Economy and Major Sectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977=100)
Quarterly index

Annual average

1983

Item

1984

1985

1984

1986

1985
IV

IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

105.3
118.8
112.8
168.1
98.1
159.7
156.3
158.5

106.4
122.7
115.3
175.3
98.8
164.8
159.7
163.0

103.8
113.6
109.4
163.6
98.0
157.7
150.6
155.2

104.9
116.9
111.4
165.9
98.1
158.2
154.1
156.7

105.6
119.0
112.7
167.1
97.9
158.3
156.7
157.7

105.5
119.5
113.3
169.0
98.1
160.2
157.0
159.0

105.5
120.2
114.0
170.6
98.2
161.7
157.7
160.3

105.7
121.3
114.8
172.3
98.4
163.1
158.3
161.4

106.4
122.3
115.0
174.5
98.7
164.0
160.0
162.6

107.3
123.5
115.2
176.4
99.1
164.4
161.4
163.4

106.4
123.8
116.4
178.0
99.0
167.3
159.6
164.6

107.3
125.3
116.8
179.1
99.2
167.0
162.2
165.3

107.2
125.2
116.8
180.4
100.3
168.2
161.9
166.0

104.3
118.8
114.0
167.9
98.0
161.0
156.1
159.3

104.8
122.5
116.9
174.6
98.4
166.7
160.6
164.6

103.3
114.1
110.5
163.4
97.9
158.2
152.3
156.2

103.9
116.9
112.5
165.6
97.9
159.4
153.2
157.2

104.6
119.1
113.8
166.9
97.8
159.5
156.4
158.4

104.4
119.5
114.5
168.7
98.0
161.5
157.2
160.0

104.3
120.2
115.2
170.4
98.1
163.3
157.9
161.4

104.4
121.1
116.0
172.1
98.2
164.8
158.9
162.7

104.9
122.1
116.4
174.0
98.4
165.9
160.8
164.1

105.4
123.3
116.9
175.4
98.5
166.3
163.0
165.2

104.5
123.6
118.2
177.0
98.4
169.3
160.3
166.2

105.6
125.1
118.5
178.3
98.8
168.8
163.9
167.1

105.5
125.0
118.5
179.3
99.7
170.0
163.5
167.7

116.6
116.0
99.5
168.2
98.1
144.2

121.7
120.4

98.9
176.7
99.5
145.1

113.3
109.6
96.8
163.6
97.9
144.3

114.7
113.4
98.8
165.4
97.8
144.1

115.7
115.3
99.7
166.8
97.8
144.2

117.8
117.4
99.7
169.1
98.2
143.5

118.2
117.9
99.7
171.5
98.7
145.1

119.3
118.8
99.6
173.8
99.2
145.7

121.7
119.9
98.5
175.6
99.3
144.3

123.0
121.2
98.5
178.1
100.0
144.8

122.9
121.9
99.1
179.3
99.7
145.8

123.4
122.5
99.3
180.2
99.8
146.1

124.0
122.1
98.4
181.4
100.9
146.2

116.7
117.0
100.2
166.6
97.2
142.7

124.6
124.7
100.1
174.9
98.5
140.3

111.9
107.8
96.3
162.3
97.2
145.0

114.0
112.8
98.9
164.1
97.1
144.0

115.4
115.6
100.2
165.3
96.9
143.3

118.3
119.1
100.7
167.2
97.1
141.4

119.1
120.5
101.2
169.4
97.5
142.3

121.4
122.6
100.9
172.0
98.2
141.6

124.4
124.1
99.8
173.2
97.9
139.2

126.3
125.6
99.5
176.5
99.2
139.8

126.4
126.4
100.0
178.0
98.9
140.8

126.7
126.5
99.9
178.9
99.1
141.2

126.6
125.0
98.7
180.1
100.2
142.2

116.5
114.5
98.3
170.8
99.7
146.6

117.3
114.1
97.3
179.4
101.0
152.9

115.3
112.4

97.5
166.0
99.4
143.9

115.9
114.2
98.6
167.5
99.1
144.6

116.1
114.9
99.0
169.2
99.2
145.7

117.0
114.8
98.1
171.9
99.8
146.9

116.8
114.0
97.6
174.6
100.5
149.4

116.0
113.2
97.6
176.5
100.8
152.1

117.5
113.6
96.7
179.4
101.5
152.7

118.0
114.5
97.0
180.4
101.3
152.8

117.6
115.1
97.9
181.3
100.8
154.1

118.3
116.4
98.3
182.2
100.9
154.0

120.2
117.7
98.0
183.5
102.1
152.7

105.6
120.4
114.0
165.9
96.8
161.5
157.0
174.6
133.4
158.1

106.8
124.8
116.9
172.3
97.0
165.8
161.2
179.1
133.1
161.8

104.5
115.1
110.1
161.7
96.8
159.0
154.8
171.4
128.6
155.3

105.3
118.2
112.3
163.6
96.8
159.4
155.4
171.1
134.4
156.4

105.9
120.5
113.7
164.8
96.6
160.1
155.7
173.1
138.5
157.5

105.5
120.9
114.6
166.6
96.7
162.6
157.9
176.4
130.3
158.7

105.8
122.1
115.5
168.3
96.8
163.8
159.1
177.5
130.5
159.8

106.0
123.1
116.1
169.9
97.0
164.9
160.3
178.5
129.3
160.6

106.5
124.2
116.6
171.6
97.0
165.8
161.1
179.8
130.2
161.6

107.8
126.0
116.8
173.1
97.2
165.0
160.5
178.3
141.7
162.2

107.0
126.1
117.8
174.5
97.0
167.2
163.0
179.8
131.2
162.9

106.9
126.9
118.7
175.4
97.1
168.3
164.0
181.1
131.7
164.0

106.3
126.0
118.5
176.0
97.9
169.4
165.6
180.9
128.4
164.5

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations1
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour..
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

Measures for the second quarter of 1986 are preliminary.
= revised.




SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

109

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Previous quarter

Item

Same quarter, previous year

1985

1985

III
1985

IV
1985

1986

1986r

1985

1985

1985

IV
1985

I
1986

1986r

0.9
3.6
2.6
4.2
1.0
3.3
1.6
2.7

2.7
3.3
.6
5.1
1.0
2.4
4.2
3.0

3.4
4.1
.7
4.4
1.8
1.0
3.7
1.9

-3.2
1.0
4.3
3.8
-.5
7.2
-4.3
3.0

3.3
4.7
1.4
2.5
1.0
-.7
6.6
1.8

-0.3
-.4
-.1
2.7
4.5
3.0
-.7
1.7

0.8
3.8
3.0
3.9
.3
3.1
2.7
3.0

0.8
2.8
2.0
4.5
.7
3.6
2.0
3.1

1.7
3.4
1.7
4.4
1.0
2.6
2.8
2.7

0.9
3.0
2.1
4.4
.8
3.4
1.2
2.7

1.5
3.3
1.8
3.9
.8
2.4
2.5
2.4

0.8
2.3
1.6
3.3
1.7
2.6
1.2
2.1

.3
3.2
2.9
3.9
.7
3.6
2.5
3.2

1.8
3.0
1.2
4.6
.5
2.7
4.7
3.4

2.2
4.0
1.8
3.2
.7
1.0
5.7
2.6

-3.5
1.0
4.6
3.7
-.6
7.4
-6.6
2.4

4.3
5.1
.8
3.1
1.6
-1.2
9.3
2.3

-.5
-.3
.2
2.2
3.9
2.8
-.9
1.5

.5
3.6
3.1
3.9
.3
3.4
3.7
3.5

.2
2.5
2.3
4.2
.5
4.0
2.8
3.6

1.0
3.1
2.1
4.0
.6
3.0
3.7
3.2

.2
2.8
2.6
3.9
.3
3.7
1.5
2.9

1.2
3.3
2.1
3.6
.5
2.5
3.1
2.7

.6
2.4
1.8
3.1
1.4
2.5
1.7
2.2

3.9
3.2
-.6
5.5
2.2
1.5

8.2
3.7
-4.2
4.3
.3
-3.6

4.4
4.3
-.1
5.6
3.0
1.2

-.3
2.4
2.7
2.8
-1.4
3.0

1.4
1.9
.4
2.1
.6
.6

2.2
-1.3
-3.4
2.5
4.3
.4

4.0
4.8
.8
5.1
1.4
1.1

5.2
4.0
-1.2
5.3
1.6
.1

4.4
3.2
-1.2
5.3
1.9
.9

4.0
3.4
-.6
4.5
1.0
.5

3.4
3.1
-.3
3.7
.6
.3

1.9
1.8
-.1
3.3
1.6
1.3

8.2
7.2
-.9
6.1
2.8
-1.9

10.2
5.1
-4.6
3.0
-1.0
-6.6

6.1
4.9
-1.1
7.8
5.1
1.6

.5
2.7
2.2
3.3
-.9
2.8

.9
.3
-.6
2.2
.7
1.2

-.3
-4.9
-4.6
2.6
4.3
2.9

6.5
8.7
2.0
4.8
1.1
-1.7

7.9
7.4
-.4
4.8
1.1
-2.8

6.8
5.4
-1.2
5.6
2.1
-1.1

6.2
5.0
-1.1
5.0
1.5
-1.1

4.4
3.2
-1.1
4.1
.9
-.3

1.8
.7
-1.1
4.0
2.3
2.1

-2.6
-2.8
-.2
4.4
1.2
7.2

5.2
1.5
-3.5
6.9
2.8
1.7

1.8
3.3
1.5
2.1
-.4
.3

-1.4
1.9
3.4
1.9
-2.3
3.4

2.4
4.5
2.0
2.2
.7
-.2

6.3
4.7
-1.5
2.8
4.5
-3.3

.1
-.9
-1.0
5.3
1.7
5.2

1.2
-1.1
-2.3
6.1
2.3
4.8

-.3
-1.1
4.9
1.5
4.0

.7
1.0
.3
3.8
.3
3.1

2.0
2.8
.8
3.3
.2
1.3

2.3
3.6
1.3
2.3
.6
.0

.8
3.2
2.4
3.8
.6
2.8
3.0
2.2
-3.6
2.2

2.2
3.7
1.4
4.2
.2
2.3
2.0
3.0
3.0
2.3

4.9
5.9
1.0
3.4
.9
-1.9
-1.4
-3.3
40.1
1.7

-2.8
.5
3.4
3.3
-.9
5.5
6.3
3.3
-26.4
1.7

-.5
2.6
3.1
2.0
.5
2.7
2.5
3.1
1.3
2.5

-2.3
-3.0
-.7
1.5
3.2
2.6
3.8
-.5
-9.4

.6
4.1
3.5
3.8
.2
3.5
3.2
4.3
-3.8
2.7

.6
3.1
2.5
4.1
.4
3.6
3.5
3.9
-5.9
2.6

2.2
4.2
2.0
3.9
.5
1.5
1.6
1.1
8.7
2.2

1.2
3.3
2.1
3.7
.2
2.1
2.4
1.3
.6
2.0

.9
3.2
2.2
3.2
.2
2.1
2.3
1.5
1.8
2.1

-.2
1.5
1.7
2.6
.9
2.2
2.8
.6
-1.4
1.8

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour....
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations1
Output per all-employee hour.
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour..
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

Measures for the second quarter of 1986 are preliminary.
=revised.

110



1.4

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

199.6
40.3
9.8
23.9
10.8
5.6

9.0
7.0
5.9
8.9
7.4
6.7

10.1
8.4
7.9
11.1
8.1
8.6

10.5
9.0
7.7
11.1
8.1
8.3

29.2

29.2

8.5

10.9

10.6

110.9
51.0
16.0

112.1
52.8
16.8

118.0
55.1
17.6

7.6
5.7
5.6

7.0
5.3
5.5

7.4
5.6
5.8

1,076.9
54.0
88.2
250.1
36.7

88.5
2.4
7.3
15.8
3.3

95.6
2.6
6.8
17.9
3.2

96.0
2.9
6.6
18.5
3.0

8.4
4.6
8.5
6.4
9.2

8.9
4.8
7.7
7.2
8.5

8.9
5.4
7.5
7.4
8.1

13,373.4
1,223.2
218.2
296.3
4,130.0
150.0
1,025.5
319.9
816.0
646.4
156.0
992.8
874.5
821.3
175.5
175.1
191.0
175.4

13,497.7
1,220.3
219.8
298.9
4,164.0
152.7
1,042.1
325.3
809.0
658.3
159.6
1,003.4
885.8
827.0
177.1
178.4
192.6
179.2

1,008.2
56.6
23.1
33.9
330.0
22.0
66.8
26.0
63.0
43.8
13.5
55.7
45.9
54.2
9.7
10.6
23.3
12.5

866.5
48.4
25.8
33.6
277.0
20.7
58.0
20.0
52.6
37.9
13.1
49.4
39.6
45.4
8.2
9.8
21.1
11.0

1,017.4
56.8
27.2
35.7
339.0
21.3
66.4
25.1
64.0
42.7
13.9
57.6
46.1
52.8
9.6
11.2
22.5
12.9

7.7
4.8
10.5
11.6
8.2
15.1
6.8
8.4
8.0
6.9
8.7
5.8
5.3
6.6
5.7
6.1
12.4
7.3

6.5
4.0
11.8
11.3
6.7
13.8
5.7
6.3
6.4
5.9
8.4
5.0
4.5
5.5
4.7
5.6
11.1
6.3

7.5
4.7
12.4
12.0
8.1
14.0
6.4

1,724.2
130.3
913.7

1,715.4
129.9
906.0

1,709.4
129.9
900.7

96.7
6.2
44.1

118.3
7.3
56.1

115.9
7.4
55.3

5.6
4.8
4.8

6.9
5.7
6.2

6.8
5.7
6.1

1,720.2
227.4
409.1
71.7
267.6
116.9
103.5

1,765.1
235.3
422.4
73.5
272.1
119.7
104.7

1,781.0
236.9
426.5
72.9
275.1
121.8
104.1

91.2
14.6
19.5
4.6
14.4
4.2
7.5

65.7
10.7
13.9
2.9
9.9
3.4
5.2

72.9
11.9
14.6
3.4
11.2
3.6
6.6

5.3
6.4
4.8
6.4
5.4
3.6
7.3

3.7
4.5
3.3
3.9
3.7
2.9
5.0

4.1
5.0
3.4
4.7
4.1
3.0
6.3

324.6
279.8

331.8
283.3

333.7
283.8

16.8
14.9

17.4
16.2

19.2
19.8

5.2
5.3

5.2
5.7

5.8
7.0

District of Columbia
Washington

338.9
2,009.5

324.3
2,069.4

338.0
2,089.6

28.6
82.2

23.4
70.7

27.7
74.8

8.4
4.1

7.2
3.4

8.2
3.6

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
'.
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,345.2
131.5
557.5
112.7
93.7
403.6
167.1
166.0
883.9
490.1
141.0
102.3
110.1
875.7
344.3

5,655.5
146.2
592.7
122.2
97.9
434.9
169.1
172.3
917.3
524.4
147.8
107.4
118.5
917.2
367.3

5,720.5
147.3
596.1
122.8
99.6
441.5
174.1
175.7
927.4
531.9
148.3
109.0
117.5
933.5
369.1

373.8
6.5
30.9
6.1
3.8
23.4
25.5
8.7
73.7
27.1
9.9
4.8
5.2
49.3
28.8

342.1
7.4
26.6
5.5
3.1
24.9
20.2
10.6
63.9
26.6
10.1
4.6
4.8
49.9
24.1

392.0
7.8
29.4
6.2
4.0
27.3
25.8
11.6
69.3
29.7
10.6
5.1
5.3
56.1
29.8

7.0
4.9
5.5
5.5
4.0
5.8
15.3
5.2
8.3
5.5
7.0
4.7
4.7
5.6
8.4

6.0
5.1
4.5
4.5
3.2
5.7
11.9
6.1
7.0
5.1
6.8
4.3
4.0
5.4
6.6

6.9
5.3
4.9
5.0
4.0
6.2
14.8
6.6
7.5
5.6
7.1
4.7
4.5
6.0
8.1

July
1985

June
1986

1,821.4
421.8
118.4
208.6
129.2
63.5

1,896.8
446.3
127.5
215.4
133.1
67.4

1,897.9
448.0
126.4
216.0
133.0
67.0

163.8
29.7
7.0
18.5
9.6
4.2

192.3
37.5
10.0
23.9
10.7
5.8

271.1

268.6

276.6

23.2

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,462.0
899.6
283.7

1,592.1
991.4
307.7

1,588.4
987.5
305.4

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,057.7
52.7
85.8
246.2
35.6

1,071.1
53.4
87.6
249.4
37.0

13,070.7
1,188.8
220.5
292.8
4,039.0
146.2
981.3
309.8
787.4
630.7
154.0
964.1
864.8
818.3
171.2
173.1
188.7
171.9

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach1
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

July
1986P

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986p

in
7.9
6.5
8.7
5.7
5.2
6.4
5.4
6.3
11.7
7.2

See footnotes at end of table.




Ill

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

July
1985

June
1986

July

8.0
7.3

68.3
10.3
7.5
7.7
7.1

7.0
9.4
7.1
5.2
6.6
8.7
7.6
7.5

6.1
12.3
5.0
4.8
6.3
7.8
6.4
6.9

6.5
14.5
6.4
4.9
6.1
7.7
6.1
6.8

28.9
19.5

27.8
18.1

24.6
16.4

5.9
5.3

5.5
4.8

4.9
4.3

39.3
5.9

38.6
5.6

38.5
5.3

8.1
5.9

7.9
5.3

7.7
5.0

513.8
13.0
3.5
4.6

489.2
12.3
3.5

451.9
11.2

4.1

3,174.4
179.4
59.1
186.6
44.4
261.8
151.5
144.3
103.5

264.4
17.4

250.6
17.2
6.6
14.6
4.8
14.1
14.0
13.0
6.0

3.8
230.0
17.1
6.2
13.2

4.1
12.5
13.0
12.3
5.6

8.9
7.7
5.8
5.8
8.4
9.9
10.6
8.7
11.6
5.8
11.2
9.7
6.6

8.4
7.1
5.7
5.1
7.9
9.6
11.1
7.7
10.7
5.3
9.2
9.0
5.8

7.8
6.5
5.2
4.7
7.2
9.6
10.5
7.1
9.3
4.8
8.6
8.6
5.4

2,818.3

204.9
4.4
5.0

184.1
3.9
4.3
10.1
10.2
28.9
34.3
2.4
4.1
7.2
4.2

186.8
4.3
5.0
10.1
10.9
27.3
33.5
2.9
4.1
8.8
3.9

7.5
7.2
5.7
6.8
6.5
11.7
5.8
4.3
7.3
7.3
8.0

6.6
6.3
4.6
6.9
5.4
10.9
5.3
3.8
7.0
5.7
7.0

6.6
7.0
5.4
6.8
5.7
10.2
5.1
4.5
7.0
7.0
6.5

96.5
5.4
11.8

98.2
5.7
12.2

6.6
6.0
5.6

6.8
6.6
5.8

4.7
8.3

4.7
8.0

7.7
6.8
6.4
9.3
3.2
8.2
13.6

8.2
12.2

8.3
12.0

65.2
4.0
13.6

66.6
(3)
4.3
13.7

4.8
4.5
4.8
6.1

5.2
(3)
4.5
5.9

151.4
9.0
34.7
4.6

157.8
10.0
33.8
4.5

9.3
5.0
7.9
9.1

8.9
5.1
7.0
10.5

9.3
5.7
6.7
10.1

250.8
(3)
27.6
13.0
15.7
10.6
6.2
61.5
18.2

12.0
10.8
11.3
11.5
9.6
15.2
9.5
11.6
9.3

13.8
(3)
11.6
18.6
14.9
15.5
10.6

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

2,894.0
55.5
68.0

3,017.8
55.9
70.0
1,398.8
168.9
98.5
126.3
105.1

202.2
5.2
4.8
68.5
11.1
8.5
9.4
7.6

183.7

197.0

6.9
3.5
66.6
10.6
7.7

8.1
4.5

124.0
101.6

3,000.0
56.1
70.0
1,389.6
168.6
98.7
126.1
105.4

Honolulu ...

487.7
366.3

502.3
376.5

503.8
376.9

Boise City .

485.7
99.2

490.5
106.3

107.4

5,742.8
168.3

5,813.4
172.9
61.4
81.1
3,184.8
178.4

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins.
Savannah

Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline.
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

1,323.3
167.3
97.4

59.6
79.2
3,148.0
175.9
58.0
186.0
45.7
256.0
154.9
142.5
102.8

59.6
190.5

45.1
263.8
152.4
144.0

103.2

5,806.8
170.6
60.8

80.9

July
1985

6.2
16.2
5.3
14.8
17.3
13.8
6.8

June
1986

July
1986P

3.1

2,742.2
60.9
88.3
144.9
184.4
267.7
628.0
61.5
57.3

2,786.0
61.7
91.8
146.1
188.0
265.0
651.8

124.4
60.3

125.6

59.9

60.2

4.8

1,442.7
85.0
207.3
42.1
52.1
57.0

1,458.4
89.8
212.2

1,442.5
87.4

58.1
68.0

56.9
67.0

111.2
5.8
13.3
3.9
1.7
4.7
9.5

Kansas
Lawrence.
Topeka
Wichita

1,262.8
34.5
87.5
226.2

1,261.8
(3)
87.3
229.4

1,252.8
(3)
87.8
228.2

60.9
1.6
4.2

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette .
Louisville
Owensboro

1,678.5
174.3
488.7
44.6

1,702.9
178.0

1,705.6

156.8

176.1
504.8
44.3

8.7
38.4
4.1

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux .
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,999.3
58.5

615.1

593.7

168.9

164.8

1,964.1
(3)
258.0
74.6
108.8
71.9
67.9
585.8
161.9

240.8
6.3

111.2
76.6
67.8

1,992.4
(3)
259.8
76.2
111.0
74.0
68.2

15.7

274.6
(3)
30.0
14.1
16.5
11.5
7.2
68.2
20.2

12.2

12.8
(3)
10.7
17.4
14.5
14.8
9.2
10.5
11.2

577.2
40.5
115.2

572.3
40.4
115.2

585.3
40.6
117.8

34.6
3.8
4.1

28.0
2.4
3.2

32.8
3.6
3.6

6.0
9.5
3.6

4.9
5.9
2.8

5.6
8.9
3.1

2,286.7
1,122.9

2,360.1
1,144.3

2,394.8
1,166.9

101.6
58.3

91.9
51.8

100.2
55.0

4.4
5.2

3.9
4.5

4.2
4.7

Anderson
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka.
Terre Haute

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls .

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn .
Portland
Maryland ....
Baltimore .
See footnotes at end of table.

112



259.1
79.5

62.9
58.4

496.3
44.3

62.1
92.7
147.5
191.1

268.7
659.2
63.9
58.3
127.0

209.5

9.9
12.0
31.2
36.7
2.7
4.2
9.1

13.8

29.3
9.1
10.7
11.6
6.4
71.6

f8)

11.5

5.3

f3)

4.9
6.0

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

120.2
50.5
4.3
5.6
2.4
9.9
6.0
5.4
1.8
10.3
8.0

4.3
3.7
4.9
7.3
6.0
5.5
4.3
7.1
4.7
4.6
4.3

3.7
3.3
4.4
5.9
4.5
5.0
3.9
5.2
3.8
4.1
3.6

3.8
3.3
4.5
7.2
5.2
5.2
3.8
6.1
4.2
4.2
3.9

415.4
8.2
(3)
3
()
187.3
21.3
27.8
3
()
7.8
17.8
3
()
20.2

411.1
8.1
(3)
3
()
197.4
22.6
26.3
3
()
6.6
16.4
3
()
19.1

10.8
8.2
10.8
12.1
10.1
13.9
9.9
12.4
8.1
8.1
13.6
11.5

9.4
5.7
(3)
(3)
8.7
10.7
8.3
(3)
7.1
7.7
(3)
11.0

9.2
5.6
(3)
(3)
9.1
11.3
7.8
(3)
5.9
7.2
(3)
10.5

126.2
10.6
59.7
2.2
5.5

113.8
8.1
55.3
3
()
4.7

111.1
9.1
54.3
3
()
4.5

5.6
10.4
4.6
3.8
6.4

5.0
7.8
4.1
(3)
5.2

4.9
8.7
4.1
(3)
5.1

1,169.2
194.2

125.7
13.6

146.1
16.4

151.9
17.3

11.0
7.2

12.5
8.4

13.0
8.9

2,564.9
806.3
(3)
1,260.9
116.6

2,575.4
810.3
(3)
1,269.6
118.3

152.9
34.9
2.8
88.0
5.6

153.2
37.6
(3)
88.5
5.2

158.7
37.7
(3)
90.4
5.0

6.1
4.3
6.6
7.2
4.9

6.0
4.7
(3)
7.0
4.4

6.2
4.6
(3)
7.1
4.2

416.4

423.8

411.9

28.3

30.9

29.9

6.8

7.3

7.3

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

832.2
115.7
318.3

840.5
116.2
319.0

832.0
115.0
314.9

43.8
4.0
18.7

38.1
3.5
16.7

37.0
3.4
16.2

5.3
3.5
5.9

4.5
3.1
5.2

4.4
2.9
5.2

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

511.8
290.0
129.7

525.9
299.7
133.7

530.5
302.4
134.3

39.3
24.4
8.2

31.3
19.5
6.5

29.7
19.0
5.8

7.7
8.4
6.3

6.0
6.5
4.8

5.6
6.3
4.3

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua

553.0
82.1
89.8

571.7
(3)
90.5

576.1
(3)
89.8

28.3
3.6
4.2

18.3
(3)
3.2

21.5
(3)
3.2

5.1
4.4
4.7

3.2
(3)
3.5

3.7
(3)
3.5

3,965.5
189.2
711.6
270.9
532.9
470.2
989.6
165.6
57.9

3,995.0
(3)
725.0
268.7
546.6
478.7
980.6
171.4
(3)

4,013.0
(3)
723.8
270.7
549.2
485.7
985.3
170.3
(3)

237.4
12.5
41.8
25.9
26.3
21.4
62.7
8.9
5.8

201.6
(3)
34.7
22.6
21.2
18.6
53.5
7.5
(3)

227.3
(3)
39.1
25.3
25.3
20.9
60.0
8.3
(3)

6.0
6.6
5.9
9.6
4.9
4.6
6.3
5.4
9.9

5.0
(3)
4.8
8.4
3.9
3.9
5.5
4.4
(3)

5.7
(3)
5.4
9.3
4.6
4.3
6.1
4.9
(3)

646.7
239.1
49.5
61.3

685.9
257.8
57.1
64.2

687.4
258.1
54.1
66.1

59.2
17.0
4.8
3.3

66.4
17.6
4.5
3.5

65.2
17.0
4.3
3.7

9.2
7.1
9.7
5.3

9.7
6.8
8.0
5.4

9.5
6.6
8.0
5.7

June
1986

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

Massachusetts1
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,116.7
1,532.1
96.3
74.6
44.7
186.9
151.5
89.7
42.2
250.5
205.5

3,075.0
1,516.9
95.6
75.3
47.3
189.0
151.6
86.7
40.4
244.9
203.8

3,143.2
1,550.1
96.4
77.0
47.4
190.8
155.9
88.4
42.6
248.9
207.9

133.7
57.1
4.7
5.5
2.7
10.2
6.5
6.3
2.0
11.5
8.8

113.9
49.5
4.2
4.4
2.1
9.5
5.9
4.5
1.5
9.9
7.2

Michigan1
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,377.7
144.8
63.2
76.8
2,089.9
199.8
338.1
63.2
110.6
220.3
70.3
179.9

4,422.0
144.0
(3)
(3)
2,147.1
199.2
334.7
(3)
110.0
230.8
(3)
183.9

4,468.3
142.8
(3)
(3)
2,173.4
199.5
336.8
(3)
111.9
229.5
(3)
181.9

474.0
11.9
6.8
9.3
211.0
27.8
33.6
7.8
8.9
17.7
9.6
20.7

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-StPaul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,262.9
102.5
1,304.9
58.9
85.7

2,286.2
103.5
1,339.6
(3)
89.2

2,259.9
104.4
1,321.6
(3)
88.1

Mississippi
Jackson

1,139.6
188.2

1,168.7
195.5

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield

2,491.9
820.0
42.3
1,222.9
114.3

Montana

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

July
1985

July
1986P

See footnotes at end of table.




113

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City1
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,455.7
407.2
128.4
434.2
40.4

8,489.5
420.6
128.7
448.2
40.8
52.7

8,595.2
423.4
128.2
453.2

1,463.0

1,469.1
3,910.7
3,226.0
128.1
131.8
504.3
323.3
138.8

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point .
Raleigh-Durham

3,141.1
88.4
578.0
491.1
367.8

3,206.0
89.6
594.0
507.4
381.7

514.3
386.4

359.5
46.7
81.1
35.0

354.1
47.6
83.4
36.0

358.7
46.9
82.2
36.0

5,237.0
320.4
193.9
720.0
948.9
659.0
453.4
298.2
222.3

5,259.3
323.0
(3)

5,287.4
324.9
(3)
735.2
949.3
687.3
459.8
306.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City .
Tulsa

1,579.5
32.3
47.8
520.4
348.3

1,643.6
(3)
48.8
524.7
363.7

1,602.2
(3)
47.8
516.0
360.7

113.3
2.1
2.2
31.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield .
Portland
Salem

1,332.4
126.7
593.4
132.4

1,361.8
134.0
612.2
129.0

1,344.7
130.8
604.2
126.1

114.2
10.6
45.8

Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem

5,705.7
325.3
60.7
69.4
130.0

5,676.4
321.5
60.9
67.4

5,752.8
323.6
61.3
66.0
130.2
313.0
98.7
212.9
2,391.4
988.6
170.5
358.2
50.6

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead .
Grand Forks
Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield ....

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren.

Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle .
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Sharon
State College
wiiiiamspon
York
Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro...
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg .
South Dakota.
Rapid City
Sioux Falls ...
See footnotes at end of table.

114




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

54.9
1,407.6
3,922.9
3,254.0
123.2
128.8
490.6
311.0
138.3

307.9
99.3
206.4
2,354.6
989.0
168.7
348.4
50.6
54.0

3,848.2
3,174.0
126.8
128.7
502.9
320.3

136.4

730.5
940.1
683.7
455.5
305.0

130.3
308.0
97.7
207.8

2,369.5

40.9
55.2

July
1985

514.7

June
1986

July
1986?

540.8
20.8
7.2
32.9
2.4
3.0

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986"

6.0
4.8
5.9
6.7
6.1
6.1
4.4
6.6
7.3
4.7
3.8
5.6
7.2
6.0

6.3
4.9
5.6
7.3
5.8
5.4
4.5
7.1
7.9
4.8
3.6
5.7
7.2
6.2

252.8
230.0
6.0
4.8
28.0
23.1
8.2

278.1
255.0

28.6
23.3
8.6

6.1
5.4
6.6
7.3
8.9
5.9
4.8
6.4
6.9
5.4
3.7
5.1
5.8
7.2

176.4

10.1

4.6
29.6
25.2
13.6

167.1
4.1
28.8
22.5
12.3

5.6
4.5
5.5
4.7
2.8

5.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
3.6

5.1
4.5
4.8
4.4
3.2

19.2
2.7
3.1
1.2

22.4
3.2
3.4
1.5

22.0
3.0
3.3
1.4

5.3
5.8
3.8
3.3

6.3
6.8
4.1
4.0

6.1
6.5
4.0
3.8

486.6
27.6
21.3
55.8
84.5
48.5
34.7
27.7
24.7

457.4
26.4
(3)
50.6
78.7
44.3
32.5
30.2

412.2
23.3

9.3
8.6
11.0
7.8
8.9
7.4
7.6
9.3
11.1

8.7
8.2

7.8
7.2

21.8
8.5
31.8
3.6
3.2
68.1
251.7
225.0

6.6
4.8

24.9
17.9
10.0

3,262.2
91.1

177.0
4.0

602.9

31.6
23.2

507.8
20.1

7.5
29.9
2.5
3.2
64.0

66.7
6.2
4.7

ft
46.8
71.3
39.7
29.2
28.1

ft

ft
148.3

141.1

(3)

ft

ft

ft

6.9
8.4
6.5
7.1
9.9

6.4
7.5
5.8
6.3
9.2

ft

ft

9.0

8.8
(3)
5.3

2.7
37.9
34.0

2.5
36.4
32.0

7.2
6.4
4.6
6.1
7.2

9.5

121.2
12.7
48.2
11.8

119.5
11.5
49,0
10.7

8.6
8.4
7.7
7.2

8.9
9.5
7.9
9.2

8.9
8.8
8.1
8.5

447.8

416.6

26.6
6.0
9.6
10.3

25.8
6.0

386.9
24.4

7.8
8.2
9.8

6.7
7.6
9.0

11.3
33.9
3.7
3.2
3.4
11.7

11.7
4.9
6.0
9.0
7.9
9.8
8.5
6.5
8.9
7.3

7.3
8.0
9.9
12.7
9.4
5.2
11.1
3.6
5.7
8.1
7.3
8.7
8.0
6.6
7.3
6.0

24.9

17.5
11.6
10.1
140.9
89.1
13.4
34.0
4.3
3.5
5.0

8.6

5.5
7.0

12.2
16.0
10.9

10.4
14.8

7.5

8.3
125.8

10.0

13.9
7.9
5.7

ft
5.5
7.2
9.3

7.1
8.9

10.6
8.0
4.7

10.1
3.9
5.3
7.4
6.6
9.5
7.2
5.7
6.0
5.6

208.5

56.1
207.2

209.4

15.2

135.8
79.5
12.5
30.0
4.0
3.7
4.1
12.3

502.8
164.8
324.9

510.4
165.5
329.6

504.3
162.8
325.7

28.9
10.6
18.8

18.6
7.3
11.9

20.4
6.3
13.0

5.7
6.4
5.8

3.6
4.4
3.6

4.0
5.1
4.0

1,590.2
211.5
213.7
308.3

1,636.2
221.9
223.4
321.2

1,641.9
223.0
224.2
320.5

116.1
10.2
8.2
19.7

109.3
11.3
9.0
18.0

110.7
11.6
9.4
18.8

7.3
4.8
3.8
6.4

6.7
5.1
4.0
5.6

6.7
5.2
4.2
5.9

360.4
38.9
68.9

367.2
40.0
71.6

363.7
39.7
70.5

18.3
1.8
2.7

15.4
1.5
2.5

15.0
1.3
2.2

5.1
4.7
4.0

4.2
3.8
3.4

4.1
3.4
3.1

56.1

977.8

170.6
345.0
50.5
55.2

56.4
57.1

73.6

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville
Texas 1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur

Brazoria

.,

.

Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

>

i

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986?

2,260.1
195.2
212.9
269.5
421.5
487.3

2,306.1
206.5
213.1
277.7
427.4
495.3

2,324.1
205.6
214.5
275.0
429.4
495.9

190.1
15.4
17.0
19.6
28.0
24.3

180.6
16.1
15.6
21.2
28.2
24.7

8,262.1

8,204.1

8,279.4
56.8
102.0
424.2
162.4
80.6

632.4
3.6
6.2
20.6
26.6

906.8
6.4
7.9

7.8
14.2
3.3
17.1
72.9
25.6
36.8
12.3
147.4

11.5

56.5

56.2

103.8
416.7
175.7
81.6
94.2
56.8
170.0
1,393.6
219.1

100.0
413.6
164.1
81.4
95.6
(3)

646.0
110.5
1,702.1
88.0
43.7
83.2
111.2

....

Waco
Wichita Falls

132.6
54.7
63.5
46.0
567.6
47.4
57.9
76.7
40.0
89.9
57.7
729.7
89.6

170.4

95.6
(3)

53.6
62.6
3
()

169.8
1,418.7
218.4
650.8
107.9
1,686.2
89.1
(3)
82.8
108.8
133.5
54.3
62.0
3
()

559.8

567.3

76.3
(3)
88.8

76.7
(3)
89.5

747.9

757.2
92.6
504.2

1,397.6

216.8
639.5
109.2
1,672.3
87.4
(3)
82.6
107.4
141.7

July
1985

6.3
6.0
8.5
7.6
25.4
3.4
4.4
2.8
37.9
3.5
4.8
5.4
3.0
6.2
3.6

June
1986

28.3
30.5
18.2
(3)

25.9
97.6
31.6
52.6
15.0
212.0
8.2
(3)

13.2
9.3

29.7
7.6
12.3

July
1985

June
1986

July
1986P

198.5
14.6
16.6
21.4
29.3
26.0

8.4
7.9
8.0
7.3
6.6
5.0

7.8
7.8
7.3
7.6
6.6
5.0

8.5
7.1
7.7
7.8
6.8
5.2

773.5
5.7
7.0
24.5
25.3
9.7
15.5
(3)

7.7
6.4
6.0
4.9

11.1
11.3

9.3
10.0

7.9

6.9

6.8
18.6
14.2
19.0
(3)
15.2
7.0
14.6
8.2
13.8
12.7

8.7
20.9
14.1
19.7
(3)
8.9

5.8
15.6
12.0
16.2
(3)
12.5
5.9
12.3
7.0
11.7
10.7
8.2
(3)
13.6
7.1
19.6
12.4
17.8
(3)
7.5

10.7
(3)
9.7

8.7
(3)
8.4

July
1986P

21.2
83.6

26.9
45.4
12.6
181.3
7.3
(3)
11.2
7.7
26.1
6.8
11.1
(3)
42.4

6.7

8.1

)

15.1
9.6
15.1
5.9
10.1
5.2
11.7
5.7
11.2
8.7
7.2

13.7
10.2
6.8
19.1
6.1
7.0
6.2
6.7
7.4
8.4
7.1
7.5
6.9
6.3

9.4
(3)
16.0

8.6

7.5

40.1

40.9

5.1
24.8

4.9
24.7

42.2
4.8
25.5

5.5
5.7
5.1

5.5
5.3
4.9

5.6
5.1
5.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

483.6

91.5
498.9

Vermont
Burlington

277.0
67.8

284.6
68.6

285.1

12.4
2.1

12.5
2.2

11.2
2.1

4.5
3.1

4.4
3.2

3.9
3.1

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
i
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,898.3

2,954.8

2,943.3

149.0

138.7

4.7

117.4

72.9
587.9
411.0
118.5

5.0
29.2
19.2
5.8

4.3
26.5
17.2
5.4

6.0
6.3
10.9
6.2
5.0
4.7
5.1

5.0

74.3
590.9
417.1
118.1

175.3
3.9
5.7
4.4
28.6
19.3
6.0

6.7
4.9
4.6
5.0

5.9
4.5
4.2
4.6

Washington
Seattle

2,110.0
913.3

2,234.9
968.1

2,249.2
987.7

163.4
58.5

173.3
61.7

181.7
64.1

7.7
6.4

7.8
6.4

8.1
6.5

775.5
121.3
129.3

738.1
117.7
126.7
71.8
72.0

747.2
118.3

96.9
11.8
15.0
8.0
9.2

80.4
10.8
13.9
7.6
8.2

88.8

8.7

12.5
9.7
11.6
11.0
12.3

10.9
9.1
11.0
10.6
11.4

11.9
9.0
11.1
10.6
11.8

2,403.7
160.6
67.4

48.7
202.1
704.2
83.7
53.1
55.3

2,413.2
160.2
67.2
100.3
69.6
52.3
50.0
205.4
719.1
84.3
53.7
55.7

56.0

159.2
10.2
4.5
5.5
4.8
6.0
2.8
8.2
44.5
7.6
3.2
4.2

158.6
10.8
4.0
5.8
5.3
5.9
2.7
8.6
45.2
6.7
3.3
3.9

156.4
10.4
4.0
5.4
5.2
5.8
2.8
8.6
43.5
7.0
3.4
3.7

6.7
6.5
6.9
5.7
7.1
11.1
5.7
4.0
6.3
9.1
6.0
7.6

6.6
6.7
6.0
5.8
7.7
11.3
5.4
4.2
6.3
8.0
6.1
7.0

6.5
6.5
5.9
5.4
7.6
11.2
5.6
4.2
6.1
8.4
6.2
6.6

267.7

262.7

260.2

17.3'

24.4

23.5

6.5

9.3

9.0

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenan
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming

61.7
52.4
71.1
574.2
410.0

72.6
75.0
2,375.4
156.7
65.7
97.7

67.2
54.0

.,
,

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
3
Publication of data has been suspended due to budget cuts.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1985 have been




127.7
71.5
73.6

99.3
68.7
51.8
50.1
205.3

710.4
83.3
54.3

benchmarked to
11 States and
provisional and
available. Area
publication.

10.6
14.2

7.6

1985 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
2 areas designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1986 are
will be revised when new benchmark information becomes
definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

115

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2)
reports from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained
from a sample survey of the population 16 years of age
and over. The survey is conducted each month by the
Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the
employed, and the unemployed, including such
characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship,
marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and
past work experience of those not in the labor force.
The information is collected by trained interviewers from
a sample of about 59,500 households, representing 729
areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The
data collected are based on the activity or status
reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the
month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled
each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The
establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings,
and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and
metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based on payroll reports from a
sample of 250,000 establishments employing over 38
million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. The
data relate to all workers, full or part time, who received
pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th
day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES

The household and establishment data supplement
one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained
only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from
establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
116




because of differences in definitions and coverage,
sources of information, methods of collection, and
estimating procedures. Sampling variability and
response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.
The major factors which have a differential effect on
the levels and trends of the two series are as follows.
Employment

Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including
domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, unpaid workers who worked 15
hours or more during the survey week in familyoperated enterprises, and members of the Armed Forces
stationed in the United States. Civilian employment in
both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary
employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural
establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without
duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once
and are classified according to the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey
week. In the figures based on establishment reports,
persons who worked in more than one establishment
during the reporting period are counted each time their
names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the emploved all civilians who had jobs
but were not at work d 151 .he survey week—that is,
were not working but haa jobs from which they were
temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or because they
were taking time off for various other reasons, even if
they were not paid by their employers for the time off.
In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave
paid for by the company are included, but not those on
leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences
between household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P. Green's article "Comparing
Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll
Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969.

Hours of work

The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for
by employers. In the household survey data, all persons
with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours
distributions and the computations of average hours. In
the payroll survey, production or nonsupervisory
employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick
leave are included and assigned the number of hours for
which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings

The household survey measures median earnings of
wage and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both the private and public sectors. Data
refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's
sole or primary job. Data from the establishment survey
generally refer to average earnings of production and
related workers in mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in private service-producing industries. For a
comprehensive discussion of the household survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the Quarterly
Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.
COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total
from the household survey includes all persons who did
not have a job at all during the survey week and were
looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a
job fronv which they had been laid off, whether or not
they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures
on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the
Employment and Training Administration of the
Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not
earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance
systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic services,
and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family workers). Beginning in January 1978,
coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose
employers engaged 10 or more workers in 20 weeks or
paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of
unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons
working only a few hours during the week are




sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but
are classified as employed rather than unemployed in
the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total
unemployment, see * 'Measuring Total and State Insured
Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971
issue of the Monthly Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and
Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual
jobholders, who are counted more than once if they
work on more than one farm during the reporting
period. There are also wide differences in sampling
techniques and collecting and estimating methods,
which cannot be readily measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.
COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the
Census, BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons
for noncomparability are different treatment of
business units considered parts of an establishment,
such as central administrative offices and auxiliary
units, the industrial classification of establishments, and
different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial
establishments, whereas these are included in the BLS
statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business
Patterns (CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS
establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may
also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate
railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete
for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary
workers are covered by the unemployment insurance
programs. However, certain activities, such as interstate
railroads, parochial schools, and churches are not
covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are
included in the BLS establishment statistics.
117

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population,
the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of
the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the
labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by
the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population
Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey,
BLS Report 463. Historical national data are published
in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current
Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to
represent the civilian noninstitutional population.
Respondents are interviewed to obtain information
about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relates
to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday
through Saturday, which includes the 12th of the
month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 14 years of
age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and are excluded from the population and labor
force statistics shown in this report. Data on the
members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States, who are included as part of the categories
"noninstitutional population," "labor force," and
"total employment." are obtained from the Department of Defense.
Each month about 59,500 occupied units are eligible
for interview. About 2,500 of these households are
visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at home after repeated calls or are
unavailable for other reasons. This represents a
noninterview rate for the survey of between 4 or 5 percent. In addition to the 59,500 occupied units, there are
11,000 sample units in an average month which are
visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month.
The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from 1 month to the next and one
half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force
data have been modified, but not substantially altered,
since the inception of the survey in 1940; those used
since 1967 are as follows:
118




Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the
survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in
their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or
who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an
enterprise operated by a member of the family; and (b)
all those who were not working but who had jobs or
businesses from which they were temporarily absent
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement disputes, or personal reasons, whether
they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the
United States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those
who held more than one job are counted in the job at
which they worked the greatest number of hours during
the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign
countries who are temporarily in the United States but
not living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are
persons whose only activity consisted of work around
the house (painting, repairing, or own home
housework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable,
and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no
employment during the survey week, were available for
work, except for temporary illness, and had made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during
the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had laid off or were
waiting to report to a new job within 30 days need not
be looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of
time (through the current survey week) during which
persons classified as unemployed had been continuously
looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of
unemployment represents the number of full weeks
since the termination of their most recent employment.
A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was
employed or ceased looking for work is considered to
break the continuity of the present period of seeking
work. Measurements of mean and median duration are
computed from a distribution of single weeks of
unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the
status of individuals at the time they began to look for
work. The reasons for unemployment are divided into
four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose
employment ended involuntarily who immediately
began looking for work, and persons on layoff. (2) Job
leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated

their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who
previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or
longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who
never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or
longer. Each of these four categories of the unemployed
may be expressed as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the
four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all
civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made
specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include those persons unemployed because they (a) were
waiting to be called back to a job" from which they had
been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new job
within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods
used to seek work, including going to a public or private
employment agency or to an employer directly, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other method. Examples of
the V other" category include being on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup
point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance
with the criteria described above. The labor force also
includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the
United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the
United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers
represents the number unemployed as a percent of the
civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed
for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age,
race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the
population that is in the labor force. The labor force
participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian labor force participation
rate is the ratio of the civilian labor force to the civilian
noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force participation rates are usually published for sex-age groups,
often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is
employed. The total employment-population ratio is
total employment, including the resident Armed Forces,




as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The
civilian employment-population ratio is the percentage
of all employed civilians in the civilian noninstitutional
population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not
classified as employed or unemployed. These persons
are further classified as engaged in own home
housework, in school, unable to work because of longterm physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The
"other" group includes individuals reported as too old
or temporarily unable to work, the voluntarily idle,
seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an
off season and who were not reported as looking for
work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available in the area or
that no jobs were available for which they could
qualify—discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid family work (less than 15 hours in the
specified week) are also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous
work experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a
job at the time of interview, and reasons for not looking
for work are published on a quarterly basis. As of
January 1970, the detailed questions for persons not in
the labor force are asked only in those households that
are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e.,
the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in the
sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for
the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969 these
questions were asked in those households entering the
sample for the first time and those returning for the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industryt and class of worker for the
employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at
which they worked the greatest number of hours during
the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their last full-time job lasting 2 weeks or more.
The classifications of occupations and industries used in
data derived from the CPS are defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed categories included in
these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and
salary workers subdivided into private and government
workers; self-employed workers; and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages,
salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private
employer or from a government unit. Self-employed
persons are those who work for profit or fees in their
own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm.
Unpaid family workers are persons working without
pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a
business operated by a member of the household to
119

whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the survey week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were
off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as
working 32 hours even though they were paid for the
holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the
figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs
during the week; all the hours are credited to the major
job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the
survey week are designated as working full time. Persons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated
as working part time. Part-time workers are classified
by their usual status at their present job (either full or
part time) and by their reason for working part time
during the survey week (economic or noneconomic
reasons). Economic reasons include: Slack work,
material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start
or termination of a job during the week, and inability to
find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation,
demands of home or school, no desire for full-time
work, and full-time worker only during peak season.
Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition to
those working 35 hours or more, those who worked
from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually
work full time.
Data on employment "at work" differ from data on
total employment because they exclude persons in the
zero-hours-worked category, "with a job but not at
work." These are persons who were absent from their
jobs for the entire week for such reasons as bad
weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and
part-time groupings based primarily on their usual
status. In this context, full-time workers are those who
(a) worked 35 hours or more during the survey week, (b)
worked 1 to 34 hours for economic or noneconomic
reasons, but usually work full time, and (c) were with a
job but not at work and usually work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who (a) voluntarily
worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually work
part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers
are calculated using the concepts of the full- and parttime labor force which are based on the type of
job—full or part-time—that persons—whether working
or unemployed—report that they want. The "full-time
labor force" includes all persons working part time but
who desire full-time work, that is, working part time for
economic reasons. Thus, this category consists of per120




sons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily
working part time regardless of their usual status; and
unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The "parttime labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time
work. Employed persons with a job but not at work are
distributed according to whether they usually work on
full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours
lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a
percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is
computed by assuming that; (1) unemployed persons
looking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,
(2) those looking for part-time work lost the average
number of hours actually worked by voluntary parttime workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on
part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the
race of workers. Included in the "other" group are
American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and
Pacific Islanders. All tables in this publication which
contain racial data, with the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data for the black population
group. Because of their relatively small sample size,
data for "other" races are not published. In the
enumeration process, race is determined by the
household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican,
Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or
South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent.
Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race; thus
they are included in both the white and black population
groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,
1964, and May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are
men who never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from
responses to the question "How much does . . . USUALLY earn per week at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime pay, commissions, or tips
usually received. The term "usual" is as perceived by
the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition
of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term
as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or
5 months. Data refer to wage and salary workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who usually
work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the
earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part hav-

ing values above the median and the other having values
below the median. The medians as shown in this
publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the
$50 centered interval within which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).

Single, never married; married, spouse present; and
other marital status are terms used to define the marital
status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
reported as members of the same household even
though one may be temporarily absent on business,
vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital
status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital
discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living
away from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a
different place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family
members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms,
or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living
quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The
term is never applied to either husbands or wives in
married-couple families but relates only to persons in
families maintained by either men or women without a
spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons
residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family even though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group
related by birth or marriage to the householder and
sharing the living quarters. The count of families used in
this publication excludes unrelated subfamilies such as
lodgers, guests, or resident employees living in a
household but not related to the householder. Families
are classified either as married-couple families or as
families maintained by women or men without spouses.
A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in
which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings
of families exclude all those in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other
persons maintaining the family is either self-employed
or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in
tracted areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD'S) in untracted areas, in which 20 percent or more of the
noninstitutional residents were poor according to the




1980 decennial census. Persons were classified as poor
or nonpoor by comparing money income to a series of
poverty income thresholds which vary by family size
and number of children. While poverty areas have a
substantial concentration of low-income residents,
many poor persons live outside these areas, and, conversely, the areas include many people who are not
poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the
total of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA'S) as
defined by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
as of June 30, 1984. These definitions differ from those
used in the 1980 decennial census. A detailed discussion
of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology
can be found in "The New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980 Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas,
PC-S1-18. Nonmetropoiitan areas consist of the total
territory outside MSA'S.

The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in
places of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized
areas. More specifically, the urban population consists
of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New York), and towns (except in the
New England States, New York, and Wisconsin), but
excluding those persons living in the rural portions of
extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated
and unincorporated, included in urbanized areas. The
population not classified as urban constitutes the rural
population.
HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor
force, employment, and unemployment was raised from
14 to 16 years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical series have been revised to provide consistent information based on the population 16 years and
over. For a detailed discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced at that time, including
estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New
Definitions for Employment and Unemployment,"
Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the
Labor Force, February 1967.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there
are several other periods of noncomparability in the
labor force data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from the 1950 census into the estimating
procedures, population levels were raised by about
600,000; labor force, total employment, and
agricultural employment were increased by about
121

350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected. (2)
Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor force, four-fifths of
this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other
labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3)
Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000;
unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4)
Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by about 800,000; labor force and
employment totals were raised by a little more than
300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March
1973. This adjustment, which affected the white and
black-and-other groups but had little effect on totals,
resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and
total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000,
and the black-and-other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the
methodology used to prepare independent estimates of
the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to
an inflation-deflation approach. This change in the
derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact on
estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—particularly those
of the black-and-other population—but had little effect
on'estimates of the total population 16 years and over.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation", in the
February 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration
of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total
and black-and-other independent population controls
for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by
76,000—30,000 men and 46,000 women. The addition
of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all
of the changes were in the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in
the civilian labor force and employment totals;
unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and
an indication of the differences appear in *'Revisions in
122




the Current Population Survey in January 1978" in the
February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by
race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample
households had race determined by the household
respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households
had race determined by interviewer observation. It was
not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race
determined by the household respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio
estimation method was changed in the CPS estimation
procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United
States. The reasoning behind the change and an indication of the differences appear in " Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the
February 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in " Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the
February 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. In
addition, current population estimates used in the
second-stage estimation procedure are derived from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases in total population and estimates of persons in
all labor force categories. Rates for labor force
characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged.
Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to
1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment
procedure used is also described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however,
smooth out the breaks in series occurring between 1972
and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain
data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment methodology was updated to account for
results obtained from the 1980 census. The purpose of
the change and an indication of its effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. Inhere were only slight differences
between the old and new procedures in estimates of
levels for the various labor force characteristics and vir-

tually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first and second-stage ratio adjustments, and
the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes and an indication of
their effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Changes in Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this
publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on
estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major
estimates were revised back to January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls
used in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology
were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number
of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since
1980 and an improved estimate of the number of legal
foreign-born emigrants for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force
estimates were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian
employment was increased by about 350,000. The
Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force
estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and civilian employment by 270,000.
Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates
were not significantly affected. Because of the
magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have
been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes and their effect on
estimates of labor force characteristics appears in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.

and February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment
and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census
were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from
those developed for the 1970 census which were used in
the CPS from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system
evolved from the Standard Occupational Classification
system (soc). While the CPS occupational data are now
comparable with other data sources, the new system is
so radically different in concepts and nomenclature
from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical
data are not possible without major adjustments. For
example, the 1980 major group "sales occupations" is
substantially larger than the 1970 category "sales
workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors
in retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980
census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial
Classification (Sic) system, as modified in 1977. The
adoption of the new system had much less of an adverse
effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the
1970 system were the transfer of farm equipment stores
from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from
"public administration" to "transportation", and
some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and industrial classification systems appears in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems

Changes in the sample design

Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in
the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were introduced into the CPS. Comparability
was further affected in December 1971, when a question
relating to major activity or duties was added to the
monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more
precisely the occupational classification of individuals.
As a result of these changes, meaningful comparisons of
occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor between those 2
years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes in the
occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971




Since the inception of the survey, there have been
various changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of
these changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample design and/or to increase the
reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census
is to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of
sample areas and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan
was introduced in which a sample unit is interviewed for
4 months, leaves the sample for 8 months, and then
returns to the sample for another 4 months. When
Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for the population in
these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major
portion of the sample from census address lists was
123

begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected
using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing units. In January 1978, a
supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in
24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to
provide more reliable annual average estimates for
States, was incorporated into the design. In October
1978 a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units which
represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of
mobile homes and new construction units that previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected
from the 1970 census frame. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units
was implemented in May 1981. Beginning in January
1982, the sample was expanded by 100 households to
provide additional coverage in counties added to
SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was
selected based on 1980 census information rather than
1970 census information. The selection of new sample
areas provided an opportunity to improve the efficiency
of the sample design. Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account for only 10 percent of the
national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in
increased reliability for State estimates with a slightly
reduced sample size. The reliability of national
estimates is unaffected. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973
geographic areas in the United States. This current
number of sample areas is not completely comparable to
the old number of sample areas since mtfny of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp. 7-10 of the May
1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of the
new sample.)
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the
CPS sample design in use during the different data collection periods. A more detailed account of the history
of the CPS sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper
No. 40, Bureau of the Census, or Concepts and
Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived From
the Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
ESTIMATING METHODS

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of
the results for a given month become available
simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire
124




panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from each sample person by
the inverse of the probability of the person being in the
sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons within the same
State will have the same probability of selection. These
estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to
account for occupied sample households for which no
information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of the
respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations of similar
sample areas that are not necessarily contained within a
State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size.
Within each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MS A sample areas are
categorized by central city and the balance of the MSA.
Residence categories of non-MSA areas are urban and
rural. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 4 to 5 percent, depending on
weather, vacation, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population
selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by
chance, from that of the population as a whole, in such
characteristics as age, race, sex, and residence. Since
these characteristics are closely correlated with labor
force participation and other principal measurements
made from the sample, the survey estimates can be
substantially improved when weighted appropriately by
the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages
of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of
the 729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas
not in the sample; the remainder of the sample areas
represent only themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was designed to reduce the portion of the
variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not
applied to sample areas which represent only
themselves. The adjustment is made at the State level
for each of the 43 States which contains nonsample
areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at
the time of the 1980 census between the race distribution
of the population in sample areas and the known race
distribution of the State.

Table A. Characteristics off the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug.1947 to Jan.1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 .
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966.
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981. .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to present .

Interviewed

Not interviewed

Households visited but
not eligible

68
230
330
2
333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000

500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000

1

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in each State and the District of Columbia.

b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to the distribution of independent current
estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population in
the same categories. The second-stage ratio adjustment
which is performed to further reduce variability of the
estimates and to correct to some extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out
in three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates are
adjusted within each State and the District of Columbia
to an independent control for the population 16 years
and over. The second step involves an adjustment by Hispanic origin to a national estimate for 8
age-sex categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the
third step, a national adjustment is made by the race
categories of white, black, and other races to independent estimates by age and sex. The white and black
categories contain 32 age-sex groups each while the
other races category has 6 age-sex cells. The entire
second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six times,
each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of
the population for both State and national age-sex-raceorigin categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure incorporates changes instituted in
January 1985. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment of
the population from the April 1, 1980, census through
the latest available July 1 estimate, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this
group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25.
For a description of the methodology used in developing




Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

the State total, use Report 640 of that series. A description of the age estimates methodology is available upon
request from the Chief of the Population Division, U.S.
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control
for Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These
Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the
1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated
Hispanic births and immigrants and subtracting
estimated Hispanic deaths and emigrants to yield an
estimate of the Hispanic population by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December
1984, the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued in the preparation of the independent
national controls used for the age-sex-race groups in the
third step of the second-stage ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in
January 1985, the "inflation-deflation" method of
deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the
"inflation-deflation" method, the independent controls
are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging
this population forward to each subsequent month and
later age by adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These post-censal population estimates
are then deflated to census level to reflect the pattern of
net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex,
and race. Because an estimate of undercount is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex group
is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method.
Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age
structure of the undercount, but not the level. This
feature of the method is important since the exact
amount of undercount in the 1980 census remains
unknown.
125

Data on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and
the estimate date are based on tabulations of vital
statistics for the resident population made by the National Center for Health Statistics and data on deaths of
military personnel overseas from the Department of
Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based
on data provided by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office of
Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning
Board. The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas. The institutional
population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the
estimate date. All computations described above are
performed in cells defined by single year of age, race,
and sex. The independent national control totals are
then obtained by collapsing these cells into broader age
groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were in-

troduced into the estimation of the independent population controls. For the first time, an explicit allowance
for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980
(the census date) was added to the estimated level of
legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the
estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents
has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these
changes are discussed in detail in "Changes in the
Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey
Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue
of Employment and Earnings.
3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics
for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is
used which takes account of net changes from the
previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75
percent), as well as the sample results for the current
month. Also included is an additional term which is an
estimate of the net difference between incoming and
continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved
by this procedure, and most estimates of level are also
improved, but to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal
the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest
thousand. Similarly, sums of percent distributions may
not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate
126




based on a sample survey—-sampling and nonsampling.
The standard errors provided primarily indicate the
magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially
measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in
response and enumeration but do not measure any

systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown, but special studies have been conducted
to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the
CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such
as-month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels
would be more severely affected by the nonsampling
error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to
many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information
about all cases in the sample, definitional difficulties,
differences in the interpretation of questions, inability
or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall information, errors made
in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in
estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent all sample households and all persons within sample households (under cover age).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview* phase
of the survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various
sources of error as well as to evaluate and control the
work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview at
regular intervals. The results indicate, among other
things, that the data published from the CPS are subject
to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may
be found in the Current Population Survey Reinterview
Program, January 1961 through December 1966.
Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the CPS data can be examined as a result of the
rotation plan used for the sample, since the level of the
estimates varies by rotation group. A description of
these effects appears in the "The Effects of Rotation
Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical
Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households.
Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS
undercoverage varies with age, sex, race and Hispanic
origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men than
for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics and other

races combined than for whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-race-origin population controls, as
described previously, partially corrects for the biases
due to survey undercover age. However, biases exist in
the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed
households or missed persons in interviewed households
have different characteristics than interviewed persons
in the same age-sex-race-origin group. Further, the independent population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the
CPS appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as
Measured by the Current Population Survey," by
Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy
Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in "The
Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin
Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and
Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and in The
Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology,
Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes
a comprehensive discussion of various sources of error
and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation
that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and
its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges that would include the average
of all possible samples with a known probability. For
example, if all possible samples were selected, each of
these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and an estimate
and its estimated error were calculated from each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from
one standard error below the estimate to one standard
error above the estimate would include the average
result of all possible samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard error
above the estimate would include the average of all
possible samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average result of
all possible samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be
prepared at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required. First, the standard errors in this
volume reflect the sample design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State




estimates. Thus, these standard errors may slightly
overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual
standard error for each estimate, generalized sets of
standard errors are computed for various types of
characteristics. This generalization yields more stable
estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets
of standard errors provided give an indication of the
order of magnitude of the standard error of an estimate
rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly
estimates and for changes for consecutive months.
These standard errors are applicable to the level of the
estimates in recent months (1985 annual averages).
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors for monthly level and month-to-month change for
estimated totals, unemployment rates, and percentages.
Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly
level and month-to-month change for percentages.
Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in.
the table may be approximated by linear interpolation.
The standard error for estimated changes from one
month to the next is more closely related to the monthly
level for the characteristic than to the size of the specific
month-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use the
generalized standard errors for month-to-month change
as given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessary
to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It
should be noted that the tables of standard errors for
month-to-month change apply only to estimates of
change between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of
change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher
standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with
tables D, F, H, and I to compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force participation rates, and
percentages as pertaining to the year-to-year change of
monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in
quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes in
yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes
in quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the
standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences
in the sample size. For years prior to 1956, the standard
errors should be multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66
period, they should be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard errors for quarterly estimates
of persons and families for use with the CPS earnings
data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E
provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals
and for month-to-month change. The figures given in
these tables are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
127

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)
Standard error of—
Month-tomonth

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

change (consecutive
months only)

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed.
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force.
Employed
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed...
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force.
Employed....
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force.
Employed....
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force.
Employed....
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force.
Employed
.
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force.
Employed....
Unemployed

187
200
134
127
141
91
140
144
85
91
97
63
63
70
67
43
50
44
48
46
37
34
32

Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number
of persons working a specific number of hours was
12,000,000, an increase of 400,000 over the previous
month. Linear interpolation in the second column of
table D shows that the standard error on an estimate of
12,000,000 is about 159,000. The 68-percent confidence
interval as shown by these data is from 11,841,000 to
12,159,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the average
estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a
range computed in this way would be correct for
roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is
primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate.
Thus, using linear interpolation in the first column of
table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change
of 400,000, when the monthly level is approximately
12,000,000, is about 118,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated
percentage, computed using sample data for both
numerator and denominator, depends upon both the
size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which
the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and
percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator of the rates or
percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of
50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are
not published when the monthly base is less than 75,000,
the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or the annual average base is less than 35,000.

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic

Total (all civilian workers) .
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present . . .
Married women, spouse present .
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over.

Monthly level

Consecutive
month change

0.11
.15
.17
.65
.11
.52
.15
.21
.12
.34
.06

0.12
.15
.18
.77
.12
.54
.16
.23
.12
.42
.08

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial.
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective .

128




.21
.18
.49
.29
.24
1.07
.67

.24
.20
.55
.32
.26
1.20
.76

.38

.43

Standard error of—
Characteristic

Monthly level

Consecutive
month change

0.32

0.35

.50
.57

.57
.64

.70
.65

.80
.73

.13
1.37
.65
.27
.34
.42

.14
1.56
.74
.30
.38
.48

.41
.26
.20
.18
1.22

.46
.29
.22
.19
1.40

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair .
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .
Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services .
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

. .

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(In thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment data
Estimated monthly level

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000 ...
15,000...
20,000 ...
30,000 ...
40,000 ...
50,000 ...
60,000 ...
70,000 ...
80,000 ...
100,000.
120,000.

Agricultural
employment

14
19
43
61
85
120

146

Total or
white

11

15
34
48
68
95
116
133
147

177
201
236
261
278

Black

11
15
34
47
64
84
94
97
94
50

288
293

Total or
Black men
Total or
Black, 16 to white men
only, or
white, 16 to
only, or
19 years
women only
19 years
women only

11
15
33
46
63
80
86
83
70

11
15
29
33

10
14
32
45

63
87

105
120
132
155
170
188
189

10
14
31
42
55
66
58
23

Unemployment

Total or
white

10
15
33
47

66
93
113
129
143
172
195

Black

11
16
35
49
67
88
99

175
141
61

293
273
231

1

When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error

on the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for
unemployment rates. Generalized standard errors for
estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-tomonth change in percentage can be obtained through
the use of the standard errors in table H and the factors
in table I. First obtain the standard error from table H
for the specific percentage and base. The generalized
standard error is then calculated by multiplying the
standard error from table H by the appropriate factor
from table I. When the numerator and denominator of
the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 3.6 percent
of a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed
in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 3.6
percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table
H (0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table I
for the numerator of the percentage, agricultural
employment, is 1.26. The generalized standard error on
the estimated 3.6 percent is then approximately 0.09 x
1.26 = 0.1 percentage point.

monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in
quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes in
yearly averages may be obtained by using table J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level
of the estimate than to the size of the specific change.
Thus, to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an
average level, rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a
change in level, rate, or percentage, it is first necessary
to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate
of an average level, rate, or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For an estimate of change in
level, rate, or percentage, find the standard error of the
average of the two estimates affecting the change. Then,
after computing the standard error by treating these
estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures
above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly
estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly
averages, yearly averages, and changes in yearly
averages. Jhe approximate standard errors of levels,
rates, and percentages involving year-to-year change of




Illustration. Sjuppose that one is interested in the yearto-year change of a monthly unemployment rate.
Assume that for a certain month the unemployment rate
is 6.9 percent, based on a total of 95,676,000 in the
civilian labor force, and that a year prior to this the
unemployment rate was 6.1 percent, based on a total of
94,254,000 in the civilian labor force for the month.
First the standard error on the average of the two
129

respondents in the sample for each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the
values of P are .30 for persons (total, white, and black)
and .35 for families (total, white, and black). The
respective values for estimates of Hispanics are .45 and
.55.

estimates, 6.5 percent with a base of 94,965,000, is obtained from table F (0.12 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then
given byO.12x 1.40 = 0.17 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving
year-to-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to
CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using table K in conjunction with the following formula:

Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number
of women employed as full-time wage and salary
workers was 27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year
later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using
linear interpolation in the eighth column of table K, the
standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000;
for 29,000,000 it is 221,000. Using the above formula,
the standard error of the 2,000,000, year-to-year change
is:

Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

Where X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the
estimate for another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a
measure of the correlation between the estimates X and
Y resulting from the presence of some of the same

V(216,000) 2

•

(221,000) 2

-2 (.30) (216,000) (221,000),

or about 259,000.

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(In thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment data

Unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Total or white

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000 ...
15,000 ...
20,000 ...
30,000 ...
40,000 ...
50,000 ...
60,000 ...
70,000 ...
80,000 ...
100,000 .
120,000 .
1
2

8
11
25
36
50
70

86
98
109
131
148
174
191
203
210
212
211

Black

8
11
25
35
47
62
70
73
71
42

Total or white,
16 to 19 years

Black, 16 to
19 years

13
18
39
54
72
88
88
71

13
18
34
36




12
16
37
51
72

99
118
132
143
160
165

Both sexes 16
to 19 years, or
part-time labor
force2

Black

13
18
40
54
70
78
60

12
17
38
52
69
85
87

Black, 16 to
19 years
12
18
35
37

193
153

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons

130

Total or white

reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by
duration of unemployment.

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment rates
Monthly base of unemployment rate (In
thousands)
50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
10,000..
20,000 ..
60,000 ..
100,000

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
1
2.09
1.48
.66
.47
.33
.23
.19
.15
.10
.06
.05

2.94
2.08
.93
.66
.46
.33
.27
.21
.15
.08
.07

4.57
3.23
1.45
1.02
.72
.51
.42
.32
.23
.13
.10

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

6.28
4.44
1.99
1.40
.99
.70
.57
.44
.31
.18
.14

7.46
5.28
2.36
1.67
1.18
.83
.68
.53
.37
.21
.17

8.34
5.90
2.64
1.87
1.32
.93
.76
.59
.42
.24
.19

9.01
6.37
2.85
2.01
1.42
1.01
.82
.64
.45
.26
.20

9.05
6.73
3.01
2.13
1.50
1.06
.87
.67
.47
.27
.21

9.87
6.98
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.27
.22

10.21
7.22
3.27
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.29
.22

Table Q. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly base of unemployment rate (In
thousands)
50
100
500
1 000
2 000 . .
4,000
6 000
10 000
20 000
60,000 .
100,000

Monthly unemployment rate (percent)
1

2

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

50

2.32
1.64
.73
.52
.37
.26
.21
.16
.12
.07
.05

3.28
2.32
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.09
.07

5.14
3.64
1.63
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.25
.14
.11

7.18
5.08
2.27
1.60
1.13
.80
.65
.50
.35
.19
.14

8.69
6.14
2.74
1.94
1.37
.96
.78
.60
.42
.22
.15

9.90
7.00
3.13
2.21
1.56
1.10
.89
.68
.47
.23
.15

10.93
7.12
3.45
2.44
1.72
1.20
.98
.75
.51
.24

11.81
8.35
3.73
2.63
1.85
1.30
1.05
.80
.54

12.58
8.89
3.97
2.80
1.97
1.38
1.11

14.48
10.17
4.53
3.19
2.24
1.56

_

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force
data
Monthly base of percentages
(In thousands)
50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
10,000..
20,000..
40,000 ..
60,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
160,000

Percentage of monthly level
1or99

2 or 98

5 or 95

2.14
1.51
.68
.48
.34
.24
.20
.15
.11
.08
.06
.05
.05
.04

3.01
2.13
.95
.67
.48
.34
.28
.21
.15
.11
.09
.08
.07
.05

4.69
3.32
1.48
1.05
.74
.52
.43
.33
.23
.17
.14
.12
.10
.08

10 or 90 15 or 85 20 or 80 25 or 75 30 or 70 35 or 65
6.46
4.57
2.04
1.44
1.02
.72
.59
.46
.32
.23
.19
.16
.14
.11

7.68
5.43
2.43
1.72
1.22
.86
.70
.54
.38
.27
.22
.19
.17
.13

8.61
6.09
2.72
1.92
1.36
.96
.79
.61
.43
.30
.25
.22
.19
.15

9.32
6.59
2.95
2.08
1.47
1.04
.85
.66
.47
.33
.27
.23
.21
.16

9.86
6.97
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.35
.28
.25
.22
.17

t0.27
7.26
3.25
2.30
1.62
1.15
.94
.73
.51
.36
.30
.26
.23
.18

50
10.76
7.61
3.40
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.19

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific
characteristic.




131

Table I. Factors to be used with Table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment data:
Total
Men only
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time labor force

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Characteristic
Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Table J. Factors to be used with Tables, D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages
and change in yearly averages,
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30

0.89
.83

0.80
.80

0.72
.58

0.70
.70

1.40

.74

.80

.46

.70

1.30

.88

.88

.67

.70

1.30
1.40

.82
.74

.88
.88

.57
.46

.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
. .
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years)
Part time
Labor force data other than
agricultural employment and
unemployment data:
Total or white
Black or teenagers
(16 to 19 years)
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time

132




Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly level, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Men

Total
Estimated quarterly level

10
50
75
100
150
200
250
300
500
750
1,000 ...
1,500...
2,000 ...
2,500 ...
3,000 ...
5,000 ...
7,500 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000 .
100,000




Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Women

Part-time
workers
Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
236

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers
Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85

133

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)
Payroll reports provide current information on wage
and salary employment and hours and earnings in
nonagricultural establishments, by industry and
geographic location. Historical statistics are published
in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States,
1909-84, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States
and Areas, 1939-82 and their annual supplements.

All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the
Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),Office of Management and Budget.
The BLS tabulates and estimates statistics which
distinguish between private and public establishments,
thus maintaining continuity with previously published
statistics for the private and government sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

COLLECTION

Under cooperataive arrangements, responding
establishments report employment, hours, and earnings
data to State agencies. State agencies mail the forms to
the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the
reported data to prepare State and area series and also
send the reported data to the BLS (Washington Office)
for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a
duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and
together with the use of similar estimating techniques at
the national and State levels, promotes increased comparability between estimates.
Shuttle schedules

Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The
collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent
each month so that the next month's data can be entered
on the space alotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of
reporting, since the respondent can see the figures that
have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total
number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries,
employment, payroll, and hours of production and
related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification

Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are
classified into industries on the basis of their principal
product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. Since January 1980, this information
is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For an
establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of
the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
134




Employment data, except those for the Federal
Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls
who received pay for any part of the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the
number of persons who occupied positions on the last
day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are
counted if they performed any service during the
month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and
domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are
included. Government employment covers only civilian
employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees
of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
Security Agency are also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid
sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm),
on paid holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during
a part of the pay period even though they are
unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period
are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are
persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, on
strike for the entire period, or who were hired but have
not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees
on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the
percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified time span. The indexes are
calculated from 185 seasonally adjusted employment
series (two-digit nonmanufacturing industries and threedigit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A
more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in
"Introduction of Diffusion Indexes/' in the December
1974 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Industry hours and earnings

Average hours and earnings data are derived from
reports of payrolls and hours for production and related

workers in manufacturing and mining, construction
workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees
in private service-producing industries.
Production and related workers include working
supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including
group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage,
handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking,
hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services,
product development, auxiliary production for plant's
own use (e.g., power plant), recordkeeping, and other
services closely associated with the above production
operation.
Construction workers include the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices,
helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether
working at the site of construction or working in shops
or yards at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling)
ordinarily performed by members of the construction
trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not
above the working supervisory level) such as office and
clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators,
drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social
workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers,
custodial workers, attendants, line installers and
repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services
are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported
before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and
unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding
tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation, and sick leave paid directly by
the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each
pay period); other pay not earned in the pay period
reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips; and the value of
free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other
types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production,
construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are
hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave
when pay is received directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production
or related workers for which overtime premiums were




paid because the hours were in excess of the number of
hours of either the straight-time workday or the
workweek during the pay period which included the
12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for
which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other
similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information
relates to the average hours for which pay was received
and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such
factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, parttime work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to
be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the
workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly
figures for 1977. For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and
production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, hours
agregates are the sum of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent
that portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were
paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at
regular rates, receiving as total compensation his or her
holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked
that day, no overtime hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month; for
example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in
excess of the straight-time workday although less than a
full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industry
group level also may be caused by a marked change in
hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as stoppages,
absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same
influence on overtime hours as on average hours.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are
on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in
basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such
variable factors as premium pay for overtime and lateshift work and changes in output of workers paid on an
incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of
employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid
work and changes in workers' earnings in individual
135

establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates.
Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated
period of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a
given unit of work or time. The earnings series do not
measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the
employer since the following are excluded: Irregular
bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare
benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings
for those employees not covered under the production
worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. This series is compiled only for aircraft
manufacturing, sic 3721. The same concepts and
estimation methods apply to this series as apply to the
average hourly earnings series described above; the one
difference between the two series is definitional. The
payroll data used to calculate this series include lumpsum payments made to production workers in lieu of
general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded
from the definition of gross payrolls used to calculate
the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 covered by
a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data are
adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to
spread the payment across this time period, a prorated
portion of the payment is added to the payroll each
month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate
to reduce the lump-sum amount to account for persons
who received the payment but left before the payment
allocation period expired.

number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by
the number of employees, as defined above. Average
weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings
are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek.
Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of
part-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor
turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for
which employees are not paid may cause the average
workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the
work force. For example, persistent long-term increases
in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade
and many of the services industries have reduced
average workweeks in these industries and have affected
the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are
calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer
Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W).
ESTIMATING METHODS

The principal features of the procedure used to
estimate employment for the establishment statistics are
(1) the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a
form of ratio estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of
employment levels to new benchmarks; and (3) the use
of size and regional stratification.
The "link relative" technique

Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are
computed by dividing the total production worker
payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours and one-half of total overtime
hours. No adjustments are made for other premium
payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift
work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I
railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies)
are based on monthly data summarized in the M-300
report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and
staff assistants (ice group I) who received pay during
the month. Average hourly earnings are computed by
dividing total compensation by total hours paid for.
Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total
136




From a sample composed of establishments reporting
for both the previous and current months, the ratio of
current-month employment to that of the previous
month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The
estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the
current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates
for the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, bias correction factors are applied to selected
employment estimates each month. The size of the bias
correction factors is determined from past benchmark
comparisons. Beginning with data for April 1983, these
factors are modified by changes in the sample link
relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification

A number of industries are stratified by size of

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All employees .

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.
by ratio of all employees in current month to all
employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months.1

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
All-employees estimate for current month multiplied Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker
employees .
..
by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory work- estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
ers to all employees in sample establish- component cells.
ments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of women
to all employees.2
Average weekly hours.

Production or nonsupervisory worker hgurs divided Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2 worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Production worker overtime hours divided by number Average, weighted by production worker employment,
of the average weekly overtime hours for comof production workers.2
ponent cells.

Average hourly earnings.

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for cpmponent cells.
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average weekly earnings .

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.
earnings.
Annual average data

All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Average weekly hours ,

Average weekly overtime hours .

Average hourly earnings .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or non- Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied supervisory workers divided by annual sum of
by average weekly hours) divided by annual employment for these workers.
sum of employment.
Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (pro- Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for
duction worker employment multiplied by production workers divided by annual sum of
average weekly overtime hours) divided employment for these workers.
by annual surrrof employment.
Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of pro- Annual total of aggregate
duction or nonsupervisory worker employment annual aggregate hours.
by weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided
by annual aggregate hours.

payrolls divided by

hours and average Product of average weekly
hourly earnings.

hours and average

Product of average weekly
hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings .
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by




Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at
the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level p,f the latest
sample average.

137

establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the
hours and earnings into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a
whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size
stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with
benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for
the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates
are currently projected from March 1985 levels. Normally,
benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are
employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by
State agencies from reports of establishments covered
under State unemployment insurance laws. These
tabulations cover about 97 percent of employees on
nonagricultural payrolls in the United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the records
of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate
Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared
with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new
benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus,
under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish
the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the
month-to-month changes in the level. A comparison of the
actual amounts of revisions made at the time of the March
1985 benchmark adjustment is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which
the series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised
data are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
Table M. Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks and estimates for March 1985
Industry

Benchmark

Estimate

Percent
difference

96,042,000

96,045,000

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public

933,000
4,241,000
19,295,000

962,000
4,180,000
19,399,000

-3.1
1.4
-.5

utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
—
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services

5,155,000
5,654,000

16,782,000

5,205,000
5,681,000
16,818,000

-1.0
-.5
-.2

5,825,000
21,561,000
16,596,000

5,796,000
21,536,000
16,468,000

.5
.1
.8

Total

Government.
1

...

Less than 0.05 percent.

138




THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the Current Employment
Statistics program is known as * 'sampling proportionate to
average size of establishment." This design is an optimum
allocation design among strata since the sampling variance
is proportional to the average size of establishments.
Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the
sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the
various industries is determined empirically on the basis of
experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing
industry in which a high proportion of total employment is
concentrated in relatively few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for
a complete census of the large establishments, with only a
few chosen from among the smaller establishments or
none at all if the concentration of employment is great
enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is in small establishments,
the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones.
Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into
this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be
handled by available resources, it is necessary to design
samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of
universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these
nonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than do
establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce
reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS Current Employment Statistics
program, with its emphasis on producing timely data at
minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the
universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can
be published promptly and regularly. The present sample
meets these specifications for most industries. With its use,
the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each
month for many industries and for many geographic levels
within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a
somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and
payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the
field of social statistics. Table N shows the approximate
proportion of total employment in each industry division
covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Reliability of the employment estimates
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the
estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that
would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete

Table N. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment
and payrolls sample, March 19851
Number
of estab-

Industry

lishments
in sample
Total .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities ,
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurnace, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal 8 .
State .
Local .

..

Employees
Number

reported

Percent of
total

243,000 38,173,000

40

3,600
374,000
22,500
858,000
52,000 10,654,000
11,500 2,409,000
22,300 1,042,000
42,400 3,319,000

40
20
55
47
18
20

17,100
48,500

2,091,000
5,267,000

36
24

5,100
3,800
14,200

2,839,000
3,087,000
6,233,000

100
79
63

1
Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hours
information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly
smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
National estimates of Federal employment by agency are provided to
BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates
for the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal
employment, are based on a sample of 5,100 reports covering about 64
percent of employment in Federal establishments.

census using the same schedules and procedures. As
discussed under the previous section, a "link relative"
technique is used to estimate employment. This requires
the use of the previous month's estimate as the base in
computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small
sampling and response errors may accumulate over
several months. To remove this accumulated error, the
estimates are usually adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the
estimates for changes in the industrial classification of
individual establishments (resulting from changes in
their product which are not reflected in the levels of
estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels,
particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments.
Another cause of differences arises from improvements
in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent
benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed
descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are
available from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating
cells are not subject to benchmark revisions, although
the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings
estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors,
which may be expressed as relative errors of the
estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed
as a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors for major
industries are presented in table O and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table
P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours and
earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a




smaller percentage than the relative error from the
averages that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment
estimates for individual industries is the root-meansquare error (RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates:
RMSE •

^/(Standard Deviation)'

+ (Bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that
an estimate from the sample would differ from its
benchmark by less than the root-mean-square error.
The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the difference
would be less than twice the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based
on the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences
between final estimates and benchmarks are presented
in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so
footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less
than the total sample and are revised when all the
reports in the sample have been received. Table Q
presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts of
revisions that may be expected between the preliminary
and final levels of employment and preliminary and
final month-to-month changes. Revisions of
preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally
not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1
cent for hourly earnings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

State and area employment, hours, and earnings data
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Total
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government3

Average
benchmark revision in
estimates
of employment1

0.2
.3
2.9
1.6
.6
.7
.6
.4
.3
1.2
.3
.2
.4

Relative
errors 2
Average
weekly

hours

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4

Average
hourly
earnings

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
.6
.4
.4
.4
.6

1
The average percent revision in employment for the 1981-85
benchmarks.
2
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
3
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal
Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a
sample of State and local government reports.

139

Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings
Rootmeansquare
error of
employment estimates1

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000....
200,000 ....
500,000 ....
1,000,000.
2,000,000 .

Relative error2
(in percent)

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2.2
1.3

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

2,100

3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

1.1

.9

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan

areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year
in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains
State and area annual averages (usually the May issue).
Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State
agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.
These statistics are based on the same establishment
reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates.
For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ
slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent
benchmarks than others and because of the effects of
differing industrial and geographic stratification.
For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for
the detailed industry statistics currently published by
each cooperating State agency are presented in a summary volume published annually by the BLS.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary <employment estimates
Root-mean-squar error
0 fIndustry

Industry
Monthly
level
Totai
Total private

1

Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction1

Month-to-month
change

110,000

101,100

63,100

56,800

35,200

29,400

5,500
4,600

5,300
4,300
13,500
5,400

Construction
General building contractors1

..

18,300
7,900

Manufacturing.

. .

28,700

27,200

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, ciay, and glass products
Primary metai industries
Biast furnaces and basic
steel products1
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical.
Eiectricai and electronic
equipment
Transportation equipment
. .
Motor vehicles and
1
equipment
Instruments and related
products
Miscellaneous manufacturing.

22,100
3,800
3,000
2,300
6,100

20,200
3,200
2,400
2,100
5,900

5,000
4,600
8,700

4,900
3,900
7,800

6,200
13,200

6,400
11,800

10,000

10,200

2,200
2,000

2,100
2,000

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products . . .
Tobacco manufactures
. .
Textile miii products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products . .
Printing and publishing

11,800
8,500
1,600
2,700

11,700
8,600
1,500
2,700

6,500
1,900
2,400

6,100
1,700
2,500

1
Data are based on differences from January 1981 through December
1985; all other data reflect differences from January 1980 through December
1985.

140




Root-mean-squar error
ofMonthly
level
Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products ..
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . . .

Month-to-month
change

2,500
1,700

2,400
1,600

2,300
2,800

2,200
2,600

98,200

94,000

14,700
18,400

14,200
17,800

5,200

4,800

8,500
5,600
5,000

7,800
5,100
4,500

Retail trade1
General merchandise stores1 ..
Food stores1
Automotive dealers and service
stations1
Eating and drinking places1 .

33,700
19.700
6,500

32,400
19,000
5,800

3,300
19,200

2,900
17,100

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance1 . .
Insurance1
Real estate1 .

8,600
4,200
2,800
5,000

7,300
3,600
2,200
4,100

Services
Business services1
Health services1

32,200
12,900
10,500

27,900
10,800
10,200

Government
Federal .
State1.
Local1

72,400
18,200
26,200
38,800

66,100
15,100
24,700
35,900

Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation1
Communication and public
utilities1
1

Wholesale trade .
Durable goods1 . . .
Nondurable goods1

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION

Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from
estimates of compensation and gross national product
supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the
Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural
establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final
goods and services produced in a given period. Indexes
of output per hour of all persons measure changes in the
volume of goods and services produced per paid hour of
labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries
of employees plus employers' contributions for social
insurance and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementary
payments for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial
corporations, in which there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per
hour adjusted to elimate the effect of changes in the
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
(CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost
required to produce one unit of output and are derived
by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlabor payments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output.

They are computed by subtracting compensation of all
persons from the current-dollar gross national product
and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor
costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor
payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory
valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the
constant-dollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect,
a price index for gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA

For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector, these indexes relate to the gross domestic product
less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial
corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic
product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of
Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly
measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics to annual estimates of output (gross product
originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Compensation and hours data are from the Bureau of
Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81,
BLS Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from the Office of Productivity and Technology
(202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered
under Federal assistance programs are developed by
State employment security agencies under a FederalState cooperative program. The local unemployment
estimates which are derived from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis of determining
eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act and the
Public Works and Economic Development Act.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown
in table D are published in Employment and Earnings




(usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average
data classified by selected demographic, social, and
economic characteristics are published in the BLS
bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and
Unemployment.
Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared
for administration of various Federal economic
assistance programs and may be ordered from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The report
"Employment and Unemployment in States and Local
141

Areas" is published monthly through GPO and is
available on microfiche only on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
The civilian labor force and unemployment estimates
in i l large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Florida; and two areas: Los
Angeles—Long Beach metropolitan area and New York
City, are sufficiently reliable to be used directly from
the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts, see
*'Household Data/' above.
Monthly labor force and unemployment estimates in
the remaining 39 States, the District of Columbia, and
253 labor market areas are prepared in several stages.
The civilian labor force is the sum of the employment
and unemployment levels, which are estimated in accordance with the BLS Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics.
1. Preliminary estimate—employment: The total
civilian employment estimate is based on data from the
survey of establishments which produces an estimate of
payroll employment. This place-of-work estimate must
be adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the
CPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to place
of residence have been developed for the several
categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships which existed at the time of the 1970
decennial census. These factors are applied to the
payroll employment estimates for the current period to
obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are
added estimates for employment not covered by unemployment insurance (UI).
2. Preliminary estimate—unemployment: In the current
month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of
the estimates for each of three building block categories:
(1) Persons who were previously employed in industries
covered by State UI laws; (2) those previously employed
in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those
who were entering the civilian labor force for the first
time or reentering after a period of separation. This is
referred to below as the UI- based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered
industries is derived from a count of current employment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants
whose benefits have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary
reasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause,
etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and person who either filed claims late or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not covered by UI is derived by applying to the
employment estimate for each noncovered industry or
class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of
142




covered unemployment to covered employment
weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants
into the labor force, a composite estimate is developed
from equations that relate the total entrants into the
labor force to the experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the estimate of
entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the
month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced
unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force;
and (d) the proportion of the working age population
that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of
total entrants is defined as:
U=
U=
E=
X=
A,B=

A (X + E) + BX, where
total entrant unemployment
total civilian employment
total experienced unemployment
synthetic factors incorporating
seasonal variation and an assumed
relationship between the proportion of
youths in the working population and the
historical relationship of entrants to the
experienced unemployed (B factor) or the
experienced labor force (A factor).

3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then applied at the State level of the Ul-based
estimates obtained above for each of the 39 States and
the District of Columbia. These correction factors are
based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based estimates
for the 6-month period ending in the current month
(e.g., a 6-month moving average).
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent
estimates of employment and unemployment are
prepared for the State (obtained directly from the CPS
in the 11 large States or by the Ul-based method in the
remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's)
within the State. The total of the geographic areas in
the LMA's exhausts the geographic boundaries of the
State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all
sub-state LMA estimates to ensure that the sub-state
estimates of employment and unemployment add to the
independent State totals. In California and New York,
which also have sub-state areas taken directly from the
CPS, the additivity adjustment for the reamining areas
is applied to the State total minus the direct CPS area.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year,
monthly estimates prepared by the State employment
security agencies using Ul-based estimating procedures
are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual
average CPS estimates for the 39 States and the District
of Columbia for which monthly CPS estimates are not

available. This adjustment is necessary because the
State-prepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPS
annual averages due to differences in the State UI laws,
the structural limitations of the Ul-based estimating
method, and errors in the UI data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three
stages. First, the monthly Ul-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based annual
averages. Second, the difference between the ratio of

annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the third-stage
estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual
averages. In the 11 States which use CPS estimates
monthly, no benchmark correction is required, as the
average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates will
equal CPS annual averages.

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's
labor force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and other measures of labor market activity
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more
or less regular pattern each year, their influence on
statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the
statistics from month to month. These adjustments
make it easier to observe the cyclical and other
nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to
note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted
estimates have a broader margin of possible error than
the original data on which they are based, since they are
subject not only to sampling and other errors but are
also affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for
selected labor force and establishment-based data are
published regularly in Employment and Earnings.
The seasonal adjustment program used for these
series is an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving
average method. It provides for "moving" adjustment
factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A
detailed description of the method is given in The X-ll
Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment
Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the Census (1967).
Beginning in January 1980, BLS introduced two major modifications in the seasonal adjustment
methodology for data from the household survey. First,
the data are being seasonally adjusted with a procedure
called X-ll ARIMA, which was developed at Statistics
Canada as an extension of the existing standard X-ll
method. A detailed description of the procedure appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method,
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No.
12-564E, February 1980. The X-ll procedure was
originally developed at the Bureau of the Census and




had been used by the BLS to seasonally adjust labor
force series since 1973. Test have shown that use of the
X-ll ARIMA procedure, which places more emphasis on
recent data, provides better seasonal adjustments than
does the X-ll month alone.
The second change is that seasonal adjustment factors
are calculated for use during the first 6 months of the
year rather than for the entire year. In July of each year,
BLS calculates and publishes in Employment and Earnings a set of seasonal adjustment factors for use in the
second half, based on the experience through June.
Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years
are made at the beginning of each calendar year.
However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for
1970-81 based on 1980 census population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982 were
carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
well as the major employment and unemployment
estimates, are computed by aggregating independently
adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force components-agricultural employment,
nonagricultural employment, and unemployment-data
for four sex-age groups (men and women under and
over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for
seasonal variation and are then added to derive
seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components,
plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for
seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the
sum of the four unemployment components; and the
overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the
estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will
not necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor
force series based on the experience through December,
new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate
143

the civilian unemployment rate for the first 6 months
of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment methodology are published
in each January issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the
revision period for a broader range of labor force
series are published in the February issue of this publication.
Beginning in July 1980 the BLS also uses the X-ll
ARIMA methodology in seasonally adjusting the
establishment data, which previously had been computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. All series
are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative models
under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors used
in calculating the current year's estimates are based on
actual data through March 1986 and projected data
through March 1987. The ARIMA model options for
projecting the data series for 1 year ahead have been
used in seasonally adjusting the establishment series
since June 1981.
Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to
the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for
most of these series are then obtained by taking a
weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly
earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average
hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly
hours.
Average weekly earnings in constant dollars,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average
weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally
adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage
Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying
by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsuper-

144
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1986-^91-526:40011




visory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the
1977 base. For total private, total goods-producing,
total private service-producing, wholesale trade, retail
trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable
goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the
1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a
number of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular
components. These failed or unsatisfactory seasonally
adjusted series are used in the aggregation to broader
level seasonally adjusted series, however.
Beginning in June 1983, seasonal adjustment factors
for Federal Government employment are derived from
unadjusted data which include Christmas temporary
workers employed by the Postal Service. In earlier years
the number of these workers was substantial, and at
times varied greatly from year to year, based on administrative decisions of the Postal Service. Hence, it
was considered desirable to exclude this group from the
unadjusted data upon which the seasonal adjustment factors were based. In the past several years, the number of
these workers has decreased to the point where their
presence has no impact on seasonal adjustment. Temporary census takers for the 1980 decennial census are
removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment
factors for Federal Government employment.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the
establishment data reflect experience through March
1986. Seasonal adjustment factors to be used for current
adjustment appear in the June 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Building
Suite 1603
Boston, Mass. 02203

REGION V - CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, 111. 60604

REGION II - NEW YORK
Suite 3400
1515 Broadway
New York, N.Y. 10036

REGION VI - DALLAS
Room 221
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, Tex. 75202

REGION III - PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, Pa. 19101

REGIONS VII and VIII - KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, Ga. 30367

REGIONS IX and X - SAN FRANCISCO
450 Golden Gate Avenue
Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES

Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program
(LA US)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
VIII COLORADO
I CONNECTICUT
III DELAWARE
III DIST. OF COL.
IV FLORIDA
IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I
V
V
IV
VII
VIII

VII
IX
I
II
VI
II
IV
VIII

V
VI

GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA

X OREGON
III PENNSYLVANIA
II PUERTO RICO
I
IV
VIII
IV
VI
VIII
I
III
II
X
III

RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
VIRGIN ISLANDS
WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA

V WISCONSIN
VIII WYOMING




-Research and Statistics Div., Depart, of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Room 427, Montgomery 36130
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-Research and Statistics Division, Employment Security Commission, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Jobs and Training, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Labor Market Information Department, Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39215-1699
-Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 65104
-Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1728, Helena 59601
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-Division of Planning and Research, Department of Labor, P O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
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-Department of Labor and Human Resources, Bureau of L.abor Statistics, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 17th FL,
Hato Rey 00918 (CES). Bureau of Employment Security, 505 Munoz Rivera Ave., 15th FL, Hato Rev 00918 (LAUS)
-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903
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-Division of Research and Analysis, Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
-Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 818, St. Thomas 00801
-Employment Security Department, 212 Maple Park, Olympia 98504
-Division of Labor and Economic Security, Depart, of Employment Security, 112 California Avenue,
Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82602