Full text of Employment and Earnings : October 1989

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
October 1989




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Elizabeth Dole, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared in the Office of
Employment and Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with the Office of Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census (Department of
Commerce) and State employment security agencies, in
cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief
description of the cooperative statistical programs of the
BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory
Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back
cover.
Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the
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per year $25 domestic and $31.25 foreign. Single copy
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$14 domestic and $17.50 foreign. Prices are subject to
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Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly
in Employment and Earnings, special features appear
in most of the issues as shown below.

Household data
Annual averages
Union affiliation
Revised seasonally adjusted series

Establishment data
National annual averages:
Industry divisions (preliminary)

Material in this publication is in the public domain and,
with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without
permission.

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employees (final)

Mar.

National data revised to reflect new benchmarks and new
seasonal adjustment factors

Second class postage paid at Washington, DC, and at
additional mailing addresses.




Jan., Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons
not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin,
Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans, family
relationship data, weekly earnings data, and metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and poverty-nonpoverty
area data
Jan., Apr., July, Oct.

Communications on material in this publication should
be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC 20212, or
phone: Gloria P. Green (202) 523-1959 Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of
Documents.

ISSN 0013-6840

Jan.
Jan.

June

Revised historical national data

Supplement1

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

State and area labor force data
Annual averages

1

The latest supplement was published in August 1989

May

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 36

No. 10 October 1989

Editors: Gloria Peterson Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

Contents
Page
List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, September 1989

2
5

Statistical tables:

HistoricalHousehold data
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings

7
77
115

Not seasonally adjustedHousehold data

10

Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment:
National
State and area
Hours and earnings:
National
State and area
State and area labor force data

54

78
96
118
140
147

Seasonally adjustedHousehold data

37

Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity data

44

Explanatory notes




90
137
144
152

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA

Page

Employment Status
AAAAAAA-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

A- 8.
A- 9.
A-10.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date . . . .
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date.
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school
enrollment, years of school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age .
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
Employment status of persons in families by family relationship.

7
8
9
10
13
14
15
17
18
19

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-ll.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.

Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed
Unemployed

persons by marital status, race, age, and sex.
persons by occupation and sex
persons by industry and sex. ..
..
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race. . .
...
...
persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment .
persons by duration of unemployment
persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment .
persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment.
jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used .

20
21
22
23
24
24
25
26
27
27

Characteristics of the Employed
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27'.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.

Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex .
Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age .
Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex ..
Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker .
Employed civilians by industry and occupation . .
....
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry,
and usual status .
..
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status.
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and fullor part-time status . . . .
..
Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status.

28
29
30
31
32
32
33
33
34
35
36

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data




A-32.
A-33.
A-34.
A-35.
A-36.
A-37.
A-38.
A-39.
A-40.
A-41.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
...
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic
origin, seasonally adjusted
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted ..
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

37
38
39
40
41
41
42
42
43
43

QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-42.
A-43.
A-44.
A-45.
A-46.
A-47.
A-48.
A-49.
A-50.
A-51.
A-52.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed Forces stationed in the
United States, by sex, seasonally adjusted
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . .
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin,
seasonally adjusted
Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted .
Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted . . .
Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted.
Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted .

44
45
46
48
49
50
50
51
51
52
52

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-53.
A-54.
A-55.
A-56.
A-57.

Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted .
Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age,
race, and Hispanic origin
Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to
seek work within the next 12 months by sex, age, and race .

53
54
55
56
. 57

Race and Hispanic-Origin Data
A-58.
A-59.
A-60.
A-61.
A-62.
A-63.
A-64.
A-65.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin.
Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age .
Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin .
Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and
economic categories
Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .
Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin .
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin.

58
. 59
. 60
.61
. 62
.62
. 63
. 63

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-66.
A-67.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin .

.64
. 64

Family Relationship and Weekly Earnings Data
A-68.
A-69.
A-70.
A-71.
A-72.
A-73.
A-74.
A-75.

Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members
Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin .
Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and median
weekly earnings
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics .
Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex .

.65
.66
.67
. 68
.69
. 70
. 71
. 72

Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-76.
A-77.




Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban,
and rural areas by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
...
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
and Hispanic origin.

.73
. 75

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page

Employment-National
BBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.

B- 5.
B- 6.
B- 7.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry ..
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group .
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted .
...
...
...
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted.
.
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted.

77
78
89
90
91
93
93

Employment-States and Areas
B- 8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

96

Hours and Earnings-National
C- 1.

Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date .
...
..
C- 2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by detailed industry
C- 2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
C- 3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls .
C- 4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars
C- 5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted .
C- 7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted .

115
118
134
135
136
137
138
139

Hours and Earnings-States and Areas
C- 8.

Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and
selected areas.

140

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
C- 9.
C-10.
C-ll.

Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry,
seasonally adjusted
..
....
Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted .
Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted annual rates

144
145
146

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA




D- 1.

Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas .

147

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, September 1989

Payroll employment showed little growth and
unemployment was about unchanged in September. The
overall jobless rate was 5.2 percent and the civilian worker
rate was 5.3 percent; they had been 5.1 and 5.2 percent,
respectively, in August.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the
survey of business establishments, rose by 210,000 in
September to 109.1 million, but about 75,000 of the increase
represented a return to work of persons who had been on
strike. Total civilian employment, as measured by the survey
of households, was about unchanged over the month.

Discouraged workers
At a seasonally adjusted level of 815,000 in the JulySeptember period, the number of discouraged workers—
persons who want to work but have not looked for jobs
because they believe they cannot find any—was about
unchanged from the second quarter. Over the past year, the
number of discouraged workers has declined by about
115,000. (See table A-53.)
Industry payroll employment

Unemployment
The number of persons unemployed, 6.6 million, and the
civilian worker unemployment rate, 5.3 percent, were
essentially unchanged in September. Both measures have
shown little movement since the spring. Jobless rates were
about unchanged over the month for teenagers (15.1 percent),
whites (4.5 percent), Hispanics (8.3 percent), and blacks
(11.6 percent), although the rate for black teenagers rose to
37.3 percent. While the unemployment rate for adult men
increased 0.4 percentage point to 4.8 percent, the rate for
adult women edged down to 4.5 percent. (See tables A-33
and A-34.)
Civilian employment and the labor force
Total civilian employment was virtually unchanged in
September at a seasonally adjusted level of 117.5 million.
At 62.9 percent, the employment-population ratio (the
proportion of the working-age population that was employed)
remained close to the level that has held throughout 1989.
(See table A-33.)
The civilian labor force (124.0 million) and the labor force
participation rate (66.4 percent) were also about the same
as in the previous month, after seasonal adjustment. The labor
force has increased by 2.0 million over the past 12 months.
(See table A-33.)




Total nonagricultural payroll employment increased by
210,000 in September to 109.1 million, seasonally adjusted.
This increase would have been much smaller if not for the
return to payrolls of about 75,000 workers involved in strikes
in August. The diffusion index of 349 industries fell below
50 percent, indicating that more industries lost than gained
jobs in September. (See tables B-4 and B-7.)
In the goods-producing sector, factory employment fell by
105,000. Whereas the bulk of the decrease occurred in the
durable goods sector, it was very widespread, with 16 of
the 20 individual manufacturing industries showing
employment reductions. The largest occurred in the auto
industry—35,000. Employment in the electrical equipment
industry fell by 10,000 over the month and has declined by
55,000 since last November. In primary metals, where
employment had changed little since late last year, the
number of workers fell by 10,000 in September. Fabricated
metal products has had small job losses for 7 consecutive
months. Employment in apparel and other textile products
fell by 10,000 over the month, returning to last October's
employment level. The mining industry also showed a small
job loss, while construction employment was unchanged for
the second consecutive month.
In the service-producing sector, employment in
transportation and public utilities increased by 90,000 over
the month, primarily reflecting the return to work of
telephone workers from strikes. Services industry

employment rose by 105,000, as both business and health
services showed strong job gains of 45,000. Government
employment was also a strong gainer, with an increase of
95,000 over the month; most of this occurred in local
education. Finance, insurance, and real estate employment
grew by 10,000 in September. Wholesale trade showed a
small job gain, while employment in retail trade was little
changed; job growth in these two industries has been quite
slow for most of this year.
Despite the slower growth in recent months, total payroll
employment in September was nearly 2.9 million above its
year-ago level. Virtually all of this gain—2.6 million—took
place in the service-producing sector.
Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was unchanged
in September at 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. The
manufacturing workweek and factory overtime both edged




up 0.1 hour to 41.0 and 3.8 hours, respectively, offsetting
small decreases in the previous month. (See table C-5.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production
or nonsupervisory workers rose 0.2 percent in September
to 128.6 (1977 = 100), after seasonal adjustment. This follows
a decrease of 0.6 percent in the previous month. The
manufacturing index fell 0.7 percent to 95.6. (See table C-6.)
Hourly and weekly earnings
Both average hourly and average weekly earnings of
private production or nonsupervisory workers increased 0.5
percent in September, after seasonal adjustment. Prior to
seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings rose 16 cents
to $9.76 and average weekly earnings increased $3.63 to
$338.67, as many youths earning comparatively low wages
left summer jobs and returned to school. Over the year,
average hourly earnings increased by 3.8 percent, while
average weekly earnings rose 3.5 percent. (See tables C-l
and C-7.)

Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Reference month

Release date

Reference month

Release date

October

November 3

January

February 2

November

December 8

February

March 9

December

January 5

March

April 6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Labor force
Year
and
month

Noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Civilian
Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117

67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157

60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9

64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418

2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565

55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3

44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126.503
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573

71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972

60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8

67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140

1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4

47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460

84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559

61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0

80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421

2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

169,349
171,775
173,939
175,891
178,080
179,912
182,293
184,490
186,322

108,544
110,315
111,872
113,226
115,241
117,167
119,540
121,602
123,378

64.1
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.7
65.1
65.6
65.9
66.2

100,907
102,042
101,194
102,510
106,702
108,856
111,303
114,177
116,677

1,604
1,645
1,668
1,676
1,697
1,706
1,706
1,737
1,709

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701

7.0
7.5
9.5
9.5
7.4
7.1
6.9
6.1
5.4

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
September
October ....
November
December

186,666
186,801
186,949
187,098

123,688
123,778
124,215
124,259

66.3
66.3
66.4
66.4

117,074
117,260
117,652
117,705

1,704
1,687
1,705
1,696

115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

3,176
3,238
3,238
3,193

112,194
112,335
112,709
112,816

6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

62,978
63,023
62,734
62,839

1989:
January ....
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September

187,340
187,461
187,581
187,708
187,854
187,995
188,149
188,286
188,428

125,124
124,865
124,948
125,343
125,283
125,768
125,622
125,706
125,742

66.8
66.6
66.6
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.8
66.8
66.7

118,407
118,537
118,820
118,797
118,888
119,207
119,125
119,285
119,158

1,696
1,684
1,684
1,684
1,673
1,666
1,666
1,688
1,702

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
117,459
117,597
117,456

3,300
3,223
3,206
3,104
3,112
3,096
3,219
3,307
3,257

113,411
113,630
113,930
114,009
114,102
114,445
114,240
114,290
114,199

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
6,497
6,421
6,584

5.4
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2

62,216
62,596
62,633
62,365
62,571
62,228
62,527
62,580
62,686

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes.
2
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for




seasonal variation.
NOTE: Revisions of seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data
(shown in tables A-1 through A-3 and A-32 through A-53) for the most
recent 5-year period are made at the end of each calendar year.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1978 to date

(Numbers in thousands)

Sex, year,
and month

Noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Total

Resident
Armed
Forces

Unemployed
Civilian

Total

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
1

MEN

1978
1979

78,107
79,509

61,151
62,215

78.3
78.2

58,010
59,096

1,531
1,489

56,479
57,607

2,718
2,686

53,761
54,921

3,142
3,120

5.1
5.0

16,956
17,293

1980
1981
1982
1983

80,877
82,023
83,052
84,064
85,156
86,025
87,349
88,476
89,404

62,932
63,486
63,979
64,580
65,386
65,967
66,973
67,784
68,474

77.8
77.4
77.0
76.8
76.8
76.7
76.7
76.6
76.6

58,665
58,909
57,800
58,320
60,642
61,447
62,443
63,684
64,820

1,479
1,512
1,529
1,533
1,551
1,556
1,551
1,577
1,547

57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273

2,709
2,700
2,736
2,704
2,668
2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493

54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780

4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655

6.8
7.2
9.7
9.7
7.3
6.9
6.8
6.1
5.3

17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930

1984
1985

19861
1987
1988

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
September
October
November
December

89,577
89,637
89,716
89,792

68,604
68,569
68,686
68,638

76.6
76.5
76.6
76.4

65,015
64,976
65,074
65,055

1,540
1,526
1,542
1,534

63,475
63,450
63,532
63,521

2,488
2,544
2,533
2,477

60,987
60,906
60,999
61,044

3,589
3,593
3,612
3,583

5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2

20,973
21,068
21,030
21,154

89,914
89,973
90,032
90,094
90,167
90,237
90,315
90,384
90,456

69,032
69,113
69,190
69,360
69,114
69,507
69,245
69,337
69,272

76.8
76.8
76.9
77.0
76.7
77.0
76.7
76.7
76.6

65,322
65,572
65,920
65,767
65,713
66,110
65,961
65,934
65,601

1,532
1,521
1,521
1,521
1,511
1,501
1,499
1,519
1,531

63,790
64,051
64,399
64,246
64,202
64,609
64,462
64,415
64,070

2,501
2,509
2,497
2,440
2,447
2,455
2,552
2,622
2,519

61,289
61,542
61,902
61,806
61,755
62,154
61,909
61,792
61,551

3,710
3,540
3,270
3,593
3,401
3,397
3,284
3,403
3,672

5.4
5.1
4.7
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.9
5.3

20,882
20,860
20,842
20,734
21,053
20,730
21,070
21,047
21,184

1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September

Annual averages
1

WOMEN

1978
1979

85,434
86,951

42,731
44,343

50.0
51.0

39,669
41,325

100
108

39,569
41,217

661

38,900
40,556

3,061
3,018

7.2
6.8

42,703
42,608

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988

88,472
89,751
90,887
91,827
92,924
93,886
94,944
96,013
96,918

45,611
46,829
47,894
48,646
49,855
51,200
52,568
53,818
54,904

51.6
52.2
52.7
53.0
53.7
54.5
55.4
56.1
56.6

42,241
43,133
43,395
44,190
46,061
47,409
48,861
50,494
51,858

124
133
139
143
146
150
155
160
162

42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696

656
667
665
680
653
644
652
666
676

41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020

3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.5

42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1988:
September.
October
November...
December...

97,089
97,164
97,234
97,306

55,084
55,209
55,529
55,621

56.7
56.8
57.1
57.2

52,059
52,284
52,578
52,650

164
161
163
162

51,895
52,123
52,415
52,488

705
716

51,207
51,429
51,710
51,772

3,025
2,925
2,951
2,971

5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3

42,005
41,955
41,705
41,685

97,427
97,488
97,550
97,614
97,687
97,758
97,834
97,902
97,972

56,091
55,752
55,758
55,983
56,169
56,261
56,377
56,370
56,470

57.6
57.2
57.2
57.4
57.5
57.6
57.6
57.6
57.6

53,085
52,965
52,900
53,029
53,175
53,097
53,164
53,352
53,557

164
163
163
163
162
165
167
169
171

52,921
52,802
52,737
52,866
53,013
52,932
52,997
53,183
53,386

799
713
709
663
666
641
666
685
738

52,122
52,089
52,028
52,203
52,347
52,290
52,331
52,498
52,648

3,006
2,787
2,858
2,953
2,994
3,164
3,213
3,018
2,912

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.2

41,336
41,736
41,792
41,631
41,518
41,497
41,457
41,532
41,502

1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1955 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployment rates

Civilian labor force
Total

Percent of
population

Employed

Unemployed

Total

Men

Women

Annual averages

1955
1956
1957
1958
1959

109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329

65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369

59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3

62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630

2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740

4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5

4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2

4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9

I9601
1961
19621
1963
1964,
1965.
1966,
1967,
1968.
1969.

117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8

5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7

1970 .
1971 .
19721
19731
1974.
1975,
1976,
1977,
19781
1979,

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1

5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8

1980,
1981 .
1982.
1983.
1984.
1985.
19861
1987,
1988.

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968

7,637
8,273
10,678

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5

6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5

7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6

10,717

8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425

6,701

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2
1988:
September
October
November.
December.

184,962
185,114
185,244
185,402

121,984
122,091
122,510
122,563

66.0
66.0
66.1
66.1

115,370
115,573
115,947
116,009

6,614
6,518
6,563
6,554

5.4
5.3
5.4
5.3

5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3

5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4

185,644
185,777
185,897
186,024
186,181
186,329
186,483
186,598
186,726

123,428
123,181
123,264
123,659
123,610
124,102
123,956
124,018
124,040

66.5
66.3
66.3
66.5
66.4
66.6
66.5
66.5
66.4

116,711
116,853
117,136
117,113
117,215
117,541
117,459
117,597
117,456

6,716
6,328
6,128
6,546
6,395
6,561
6,497
6,421
6,584

5.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.3

5.5
5.2
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.0
4.8
5.0
5.4

5.4
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.2

1989:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the




Explanatory Notes.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

TOTAL
16 years and over

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

186,726
14,166
6,809
7,357
17,912
103,983
42,860
21,116
21,743
36,245
19,439
16,806
24,878
13,511
11,367
21,414
10,652
10,763
29,252
10,051
7,799
11,402

123,828
7,498
2,871
4,627
13,918
87,078
36,238
17,820
18,418
30,820
16,405
14,415
20,020
11,297
8,723
11,923
7,104
4,819
3,410
2,030

88,925
7,136
3,509
3,627
8,669
50,862
21,100
10,376
10,724
17,707
9,531
8,176
12,054
6,572
5,483
10,097
5,073
5,024
12,162
4,549
3,386
4,227

97,801
7,030
3,301
3,729
9,244
53,121
21,760
10,740
11,019
18,538
9,908
8,630
12,824
6,940
5,884
11,317
5,579
5,738
17,089
5,502
4,413
7,174

892
488

66.3
52.9
42.2
62.9
77.7
83.7
84.6
84.4
84.7
85.0
84.4
85.8
80.5
83.6
76.7
55.7
66.7
44.8
11.7
20.2
11.4

117,498
6,345
2,412
3,933
12,746
83,511
34,399
16,807
17,592
29,644
15,720
13,923
19,469
10,985
8,483
11,568
6,882
4,686
3,328
1,979

6,330
1,153

5.1

26,121

8.4
4.1
5.1
5.7
4.5
3.8
4.2
3.4
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.5
2.7
1.5

62,899
6,668
3,938
2,729
3,994
16,905
6,622
3,296
3,326
5,425
3,035
2,390
4,858
2,215
2,644
9,491
3,548
5,943
25,842
8,021
6,907
10,914

4.8
15.4
18.5
13.5
9.0
3.6
4.4
5.2
3.6

21,333
3,315
2,046
1,270
1,367
3,124
1,072
560
513

478
13
5

573
340
233
283
159
124
227

3.4
3.8

945
516

3.0
2.6
2.6
2.6

140

3.5
3.1
2.3
2.2
2.9
1.6

430
1,107
485
621
3,292
1,025
2,266
10,235
3,416
2,882
3,937

459
694
1,172
3,566
1,839
1,014

825
1,176

684
492
551
311
240
355
222
134
82
51
24
7

4.3

867
481

67,592
3,821
1,463
2,358
7,302
47,737
20,028
9,816
10,211
16,762
9,015
7,746
10,948
6,086
4,861
6,806
4,048
2,758
1,927
1,133
504
290

76.0
53.5
41.7
65.0
84.2
93.9
94.9
94.6
95.2
94.7
94.6
94.7
90.8
92.6
88.7
67.4
79.8
54.9
15.8
24.9
14.9
6.9

64,344
3,231
1,192
2,039
6,644
46,008
19,155
9,308
9,847
16,189
8,675
7,513
10,665
5,927
4,737
6,578
3,907
2,671
1,883
1,108
489
285

3,248

56,236
3,678
1,408
2,270
6,617
39,340
16,210
8,004
8,206
14,058
7,389
6,669
9,072
5,211
3,862
5,118
3,056
2,062
1,483

57.5
52.3
42.7
60.9
71.6
74.1
74.5
74.5
74.5
75.8
74.6
77.3
70.7
75.1
65.6
45.2
54.8
35.9

53,154
3,114
1,220
1,894
6,102
37,503
15,244
7,499
7,745
13,455
7,045
6,410
8,804
5,058
3,746
4,990
2,975
2,015
1,445

3,081
563
188

897

16.3

388
198

8.8
2.8

15.4
16.0
15.0

397
97
301
1,451
11,426
4,623
2,200
2,423
3,691
2,084
1,607
3,111
1,453
1,659
4,386
1,938
2,448
8,461
2,762
2,304
3,395

8,561
5,690
3,638
2,052
1,786
1,046

3,488

24,728

36
7
29
74

544
197
348
683

1,356

675
447
228
293
185
108
78
49
29
18
9
8
22
9
2
11

284
125
158
497
246
251
574
242
333
794
382
412

3,077
1,039

523
516
943
519
424
1,095

471
624

288
222
718

4,293
1,218
3,075
16,131
4,962
4,380
6,789

1,934

14,534

258
95
162
375

2
4

19
3
16
58
888
184
83
100
329
173
156
375
172
203
489
243
246
479

71

4

148
108
223

25,644
384
92

4,174
2,665
1,696

1,554
17
4

292

969
884
594
342
216
126
196
119
78
57
35
22
13
7
6
18
9
2
7

13
16
468
100
42
58
168
73
95
199

1,229

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

590
271
319
658
1,729
873
509
364

87
44
25
15
5

3.3

9
32
187
63
29

34
56
26
30
68
35
33
85
40
45
160

4,387
3,025
1,942
1,083

901
452
334
231
103

97
67
30
21
15
7
5
3

40
49

1,597

492
216
276
464
250
214
642
264
378
2,713

739
1,973
9,591
3,227
2,725
3,639

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

10




8.7

871
378
195

376
515
1,837

966
505
461
603
344

259
268
152
116
128
81
47
38
26
10
2

5.5
15.3
13.3
16.5

7.8
4.7
6.0
6.3
5.6
4.3
4.7
3.9
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.5
2.7
2.3
2.6
2.9
2.5
1.3

41,566
3,353
1,893
1,460
2,627
13,780
5,549
2,736
2,813
4,480
2,519
1,961
3,752
1,729
2,022
6,199
2,522
3,677
15,607
4,605
4,025
6,976

1,420
11,238
4,561
2,171
2,390
3,635
2,058
1,577
3,043
1,418
1,625
4,301
1,899
2,403
8,300
2,722
2,254
3,324

10,194

287
101
185
307
1,480

547
307
240
480
270
210
453
207
246

70
130
304

1,581

139
166
749
140
114
495

1,102
6,539
1,735
1,655
3,150

479

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

September 1989
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

159,549
11,462
5,430
6,032
14,806
88,327
35,941
17,639
18,302
30,979
16,476
14,503
21,408
11,655
9,753
18,689
9,228
9,461
26,265
8,922
7,024
10,319

Percent
of
population

Employed

106,195
6,405
2,470
3,934
11,736
74,511
30,639
15,031
15,609
26,436
13,974
12,463
17,436
9,858
7,578
10,501
6,232
4,270
3,043
1,800
796
446

66.6
55.9
45.5
65.2
79.3
84.4
85.3
85.2
85.3
85.3
84.8
85.9
81.4
84.6
77.7
56.2
67.5
45.1
11.6
20.2
11.3
4.3

76,575
5,783
2,778
3,005
7,243
43,733
17,899
8,752
9,147
15,341
8,188
7,153
10,493
5,728
4,765
8,878
4,433
4,445
10,938
4,076
3,053
3,809

58,732
3,299
1,271
2,029
6,197
41,405
17,133
8,354
8,780
14,617
7,811
6,806
9,655
5,370
4,286
6,068
3,595
2,473
1,762
1,030
460
272

82,974
5,679
2,652
3,027
7,563
44,594
18,041
8,887
9,155
15,638
8,288
7,350
10,915
5,927
4,988
9,811
4,795
5,016
15,327
4,846
3,971
6,510

47,464
3,105
1,200
1,906
5,539
33,106
13,506
6,677
6,829
11,820
6,163
5,657
7,781
4,489
3,292
4,433
2,636
1,797
1,280
770
336
174

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

101,600
5,614
2,129
3,485
10,906
71,884
29,311
14,329
14,982
25,592
13,508
12,084
16,981
9,603
7,378
10,214
6,051
4,163
2,982
1,768
775
440

4,595
790
341
449
829
2,628
1,328
701
627
845
466
379
455
255
200
287
180
107
60
33
21
6

76.7
57.1
45.7
67.5
85.6
94.7
95.7
95.4
96.0
95.3
95.4
95.2
92.0
93.7
89.9
68.4
81.1
55.6
16.1
25.3
15.1
7.1

56,289
2,873
1,071
1,803
5,715
40,091
16,464
7,978
8,486
14,211
7,586
6,625
9,416
5,240
4,176
5,884
3,484
2,400
1,727
1,011
447
269

57.2
54.7
45.2
62.9
73.2
74.2
74.9
75.1
74.6
75.6
74.4
77.0
71.3
75.7
66.0
45.2
55.0
35.8
8.4
15.9
8.5
2.7

45,311
2,741
1,059
1,682
5,192
31,793
12,847
6,351
6,496
11,381
5,922
5,459
7,565
4,363
3,202
4,330
2,567
1,763
1,256
757
328
171

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Total

Keeping
house

4.3
12.3
13.8
11.4
7.1
3.5
4.3
4.7
4.0
3.2
3.3
3.0
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.0
1.8
2.7
1.3

53,354
5,057
2,959
2,098
3,070
13,816
5,301
2,608
2,693
4,543
2,502
2,040
3,972
1,797
2,175
8,187
2,996
5,191
23,223
7,122
6,228
9,874

22,788
323
75
248
1,182
9,728
3,869
1,829
2,040
3,193
1,802
1,390
2,666
1,232
1,433
3,814
1,663
2,151
7,741
2,493
2,124
3,125

6,456
4,305
2,724
1,581
1,352
765
486
328
158
230
138
93
49
31
18
15
8
8
18
7
2
10

2,650
25
5
20
57
1,011
211
89
122
393
187
206
407
172
236
604
280
324
953
222
178
553

21,460
403
155
249
480
2,312
735
363
373
727
375
351
850
362
488
3,753
1,045
2,708
14,511
4,400
3,924
6,187

2,443
426
200
226
482
1,315
669
375
294
406
225
181
240
130
110
184
111
73
36
19
13
3

4.2
12.9
15.7
11.1
7.8
3.2
3.9
4.5
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.6
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.0
1.9
2.8
1.2

17,843
2,483
1,507
976
1,046
2,328
766
399
367
724
378
347
838
359
479
2,809
837
1,972
9,176
3,046
2,593
3,537

383
9
4
6
19
144
49
21
27
47
22
24
49
19
30
68
27
40
143
32
42
69

3,316
2,262
1,421
841
724
321
242
173
69
70
45
24
10
9
1
3
1
2
5
4

1,475
13
4
9
44
669
134
56
79
263
134
129
272
125
146
367
176
191
381
118
88
175

12,669
199
79
119
259
1,193
341
149
193
345
176
169
507
205
302
2,371
633
1,738
8,647
2,896
2,462
3,289

2,152
365
141
223
347
1,313
659
326
333
439
241
198
215
126
90
103
69
34
24
13
9
3

4.5
11.7
11.8
11.7
6.3
4.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
3.7
3.9
3.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.6
1.9
1.9
1.7
2.5
1.4

35,510
2,574
1,452
1,122
2,024
11,488
4,535
2,210
2,325
3,818
2,125
1,694
3,134
1,438
1,696
5,378
2,159
3,219
14,047
4,076
3,635
6,336

22,405
314
71
242
1,163
9,583
3,821
1,808
2,013
3,146
1,780
1,366
2,617
1,213
1,404
3,747
1,636
2,111
7,598
2,461
2,082
3,056

3,141
2,043
1,303
740
628
444
244
154
90
161
92
68
39
22
17
12
7
5
14
7
2
6

1,175
12
2
10
12
342
76
33
43
130
53
77
136
46
90
237
104
133
572
104
89
378

8,790
205
76
129
221
1,119
394
214
180
382
200
182
343
157
186
1,382
412
970
5,863
1,504
1,462
2,897

Other
reasons

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




11

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Total

Percent
of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

21,085
2,198
1,141
1,057
2,443
11,853
5,321
2,676
2,645
3,926
2,214
1,712
2,606
1,389
1,218
2,125
1,103
1,023
2,464
935
1,529

13,481
865
323
543
1,713
9,532
4,328
2,150
2,178
3,284
1,815
1,469
1,920
1,065
855
1,057
667
390
314
188
125

63.9
39.4
28.3
51.3
70.1
80.4
81.3
80.4
82.3
83.6
82.0
85.8
73.7
76.7
70.2
49.7
60.5
38.1
12.7
20.1
8.2

11,956
544
219
325
1,410
8,706
3,884
1,869
2,015
2,988
1,620
1,368
1,833
1,014
819
1,005
633
372
292
171
121

1,524
322
104
218
303
626
444
281
163
296
194
101
86
50
36
52
34
18
22
18
4

11.3
37.2
32.1
40.2
17.7
8.7
10.3
13.1
7.5
9.0
10.7
6.9
4.5
4.7
4.2
4.9
5.1
4.6
7.0
9.4
3.4

7,604
1,333
819
514
731
2,322
993
525
467
642
399
243
686
324
363
1,068
435
633
2,150
747
1,404

2,564
70
22
48
231
1,241
575
290
285
336
192
145
329
166
163
441
213
228
582
223
358

1,569
1,125
760
365
297
143
96
61
35
35
27
9
11
3
8
2
1
1
2
2

776
10

9,467
1,099
605
495
1,098
5,315
2,410
1,211
1,199
1,753
989
764
1,153
615
537
961
500
461
994
382
611

6,654
408
149
259
854
4,705
2,198
1,096
1,102
1,571
873
698
935
513
422
548
347
201
139
83
56

70.3
37.1
24.7
52.3
77.8
88.5
91.2
90.5
92.0
89.6
88.3
91.3
81.2
83.4
78.6
57.1
69.4
43.7
13.9
21.6
9.2

5,949
267
90
177
704
4,331
2,021
974
1,047
1,416
768
648
894
485
409
517
324
193
130
77
53

704
140
59
81
151
374
177
122
55
155
105
50
41
28
13
31
23
8
9
5
3

10.6
34.4
39.5
31.5
17.7
7.9
8.0
11.1
5.0
9.9
12.1
7.2
4.4
5.4
3.2
5.7
6.6
4.0
6.2
6.4

2,813
692
456
236
243
611
211
115
96
182
115
67
217
102
115
413
153
260
855
300
555

82
4
1
2
12
37
12

784
626
438
188
110
46
30
21
9
11
8
3
5
2
3
1
1

415
6

11,617

6,827
457
174
284
858
4,827
2,130
1,054
1,076
1,713
942
771
984
552
432
509
320
189
175
106
69

58.8
41.6
32.3
50.5
63.8
73.8
73.2
72.0
74.4
78.8
76.8
81.4
67.7
71.4
63.6
43.7
53.1
33.6
11.9
19.1
7.6

6,007
276
129
147
706
4,375
1,863
895
968
1,573
853
720
939
529
410
488
309
179
162
93
68

820
181
45
136
152
452
267
159
108
140
89
51
45
23
22
21
11
10
13
12
1

12.0
39.6
25.7
48.1
17.7
9.4
12.5
15.1
10.0
8.2
9.5
6.6
4.6
4.1
5.2
4.1
3.5
5.2
7.7
11.7

4,790
641
363
278
487
1,711
781
411
371
460
284
176
469
221
248
656
282
373
1,295
447
848

2,481
66
21
45
219
1,203
564
283
281
328
189
139
312
151
161
428
203
225
564
215
350

785
499
322
177
187
97
66
39
27
24
18
6
6
1
5
1

361
3

10
18
318
65
35
30
98
57
41
155
63
93
172
94
78
258
66
192

2,696
129
37
92
185
620
256
140
117
173
124
49
191
92
99
453
127
325
1,308
455
853

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

0)

17
15
2
13
9
3
17

7
14
194
42
27
16
61
38
23
91
38
53
107
60
47
93
30
63

1,532
56
17
39
108
333
127
59
68
102
66
36
104
47
57
291
82
209
745
261
484

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

536
562
1,346
6,538
2,911
1,465
1,447
2,173
1,226
948
1,453
773
680
1,165
602
562
1,470
552
918

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

12




1
2
2

3
4
124
22
8
14
37
19
18
64
24
40
65
33
32
165
35
129

1,163
73
20
52
78
287
129
80
49
71
58
13
87
45
42
162
46
116
564
194
369

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employment status of the black-and-other civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Civilian labor force
Age and sex

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

27',177
2,704
1,380
1,325
3,106
15,655
6,919
3,478
3,442
5,266
2,963
2,303
3,470
1,856
1,614
2,726
1,424
1,302
2,986
1,129
775
1,082

17,632
1,093
401
693
2,183
12,566
5,599
2,790
2,809
4,384
2,431
1,953
2,584
1,439
1,145
1,422
873
550
367
230
95
42

64.9
40.4
29.0
52.3
70.3
80.3
80.9
80.2
81.6
83.2
82.0
84.8
74.5
77.5
71.0
52.2
61.3
42.2
12.3
20.3
12.3
3.9

15,898
731
283
448
1,840
11,628
5,088
2,477
2,610
4,052
2,213
1,839
2,488
1,383
1,106
1,354
831
523
345
212
92
41

200
12
5
7
17
129
52
30
22
43
23
20
34
18
16
31
19
12
12
6
4
1

15,697
719
278
441
1,822
11,499
5,036
2,448
2,588
4,009
2,189
1,819
2,454
1,365
1,090
1,323
812
511
334
206
88
40

1,735
363
118
245
343
939
511
313
199
332
218
114
96
56
40
68
41
27
22
18
3
1

9.8
33.2
29.3
35.4
15.7
7.5
9.1
11.2
7.1
7.6
9.0
5.8
3.7
3.9
3.5
4.8
4.7
4.9
6.0
7.7
3.1

9,545
1,611
979
632
923
3,089
1,320
688
633
882
532
350
886
418
469
1,304
551
752
2,619
899
680
1,040

12,350
1,353
731
622
1,425
7,128
3,201
1,624
1,577
2,366
1,343
1,024
1,561
844
718
1,220
640
579
1,224
473
333
418

8,860
521
192
329
1,104
6,332
2,895
1,463
1,432
2,145
1,204
941
1,292
717
576
738
453
285
165
103
44
18

71.7
38.5
26.3
52.8
77.5
88.8
90.4
90.1
90.8
90.7
89.7
91.9
82.8
85.0
80.2
60.5
70.7
49.2
13.5
21.7
13.2
4.3

8,055
357
121
236
929
5,918
2,691
1,329
1,361
1,978
1,089
888
1,249
687
562
694
423
271
156
97
42
17

158
12
5
7
16
95
39
22
17
35
20
16
21
12
9
24
14
11
11
6
4
1

7,897
346
117
229
913
5,823
2,652
1,307
1,345
1,943
1,070
873
1,228
675
553
670
410
260
145
92
38
15

805
164
71
93
175
415
204
134
70
167
115
52
43
30
14
43
29
14
9
5
2
1

9.1
31.4
36.9
28.2
15.9
6.5
7.0
9.1
4.9
7.8
9.5
5.6
3.4
4.1
2.4
5.8
6.5
4.8
5.2
5.2

3,490
832
538
294
321
796
306
161
145
221
138
83
269
127
142
482
188
294
1,059
370
289
400

14,827
1,351
649
702
1,681
8,527
3,718
1,853
1,865
2,900
1,621
1,279
1,909
1,013
896
1,506
784
722
1,762
656
442
664

8,772
572
208
364
1,078
6,234
2,704
1,327
1,377
2,239
1,226
1,012
1,292
722
570
685
420
265
202
127
51
24

59.2
42.3
32.1
51.8
64.2
73.1
72.7
71.6
73.8
77.2
75.7
79.1
67.7
71.3
63.6
45.5
53.6
36.6
11.5
19.3
11.6
3.7

7,843
373
162
212
911
5,710
2,397
1,148
1,249
2,074
1,123
951
1,239
695
544
660
408
252
189
115
50
24

7,800
373
162
212
909
5,676
2,384
1,140
1,244
2,066
1,120
947
1,226
689
537
653
402
251
188
114
50
24

929
199
46
152
168
524
307
179
128
165
103
62
52
26
26
25
12
13
13
12
1

10.6
34.8
22.3
41.9
15.5
8.4
11.4
13.5
9.3
7.4
8.4
6.1
4.1
3.7
4.5
3.6
2.8
4.9
6.6
9.7
()

6,055
779
441
338
602
2,292
1,014
526
488
661
394
267
617
291
326
821
364
458
1,560
530
391
640

Employed
Percent
of
population

Total

Agriculture

Unemployed
Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

1
34
13
8
5
8
4
4
13
6
7
7
6
1
1
1

0

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

184,962
121,842
65.9
115,474
3,250
112,225
6,368
5.2
63,119

186,726
123,828
66.3
117,498
3,329
114,169
6,330
5.1
62,899

80,751
62,942
77.9
60,402
2,325
58,077
2,540
4.0
17,808

81,790
63,771
78.0
61,113
2,419
58,694
2,658
4.2
18,018

89,735
51,172
57.0
48,556
642
47,914
2,616
5.1
38,562

90,771
52,558
57.9
50,040
701
49,339
2,518
4.8
38,213

14,477
7,728
53.4
6,516
282
6,234
1,212
15.7
6,749

14,166
7,498
52.9
6,345
209
6,136
1,153
15.4
6,668

158,422
104,959
66.3
100,177
3,041
97,136
4,782
4.6
53,463

159,549
106,195
66.6
101,600
3,128
98,472
4,595
4.3
53,354

70,022
54,872
78.4
52,910
2,161
50,750
1,962
3.6
15,150

70,792
55,433
78.3
53,416
2,273
51,143
2,017
3.6
15,360

76,595
43,397
56.7
41,495
605
40,889
1,902
4.4
33,198

77,295
44,358
57.4
42,570
659
41,912
1,788
4.0
32,937

11,804
6,690
56.7
5,772
275
5,497
918
13.7
5,115

11,462
6,405
55.9
5,614
197
5,417
790
12.3
5,057

20,762
13,178
63.5
11,764
156
11,608
1,414
10.7
7,584

21,085
13,481
63.9
11,956
154
11,803
1,524
11.3
7,604

8,247
6,126
74.3
5,620
123
5,497
506
8.3
2,121

8,368
6,246
74.6
5,682
116
5,566
564
9.0
2,122

10,333
6,192
59.9
5,558
26
5,532
633
10.2
4,141

10,519
6,369
60.6
5,731
32
5,699
639
10.0
4,149

2,182
861
39.5
585
6
579
275
32.0
1,321

2,198
865
39.4
544
5
538
322
37.2
1,333

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

14,756
10,249
4,507

7,129
4,487
2,642

48.3
43.8
58.6

6,278
3,839
2,439

1,304
428
876

4,974
3,411
1,563

851
648
203

89
41
48

762
608
154

11.9
14.4
7.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

7,067
7,688
6,575
1,114

2,909
4,220
3,209
1,011

41.2
54.9
48.8
90.8

2,478
3,800
2,852
948

192
1,112
468
644

2,286
2,688
2,384
304

431
420
357
63

29
60
27
34

402
360
331
29

14.8
10.0
11.1
6.2

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,482
5,245
2,237

3,455
2,179
1,276

46.2
41.5
57.0

2,996
1,844
1,151

707
259
448

2,288
1,585
703

460
335
125

46
19
27

414
316
98

13.3
15.4
9.8

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,757
3,726
3,213
513

1,488
1,967
1,499
469

39.6
52.8
46.6
91.4

1,247
1,749
1,312
437

131
577
270
307

1,116
1,172
1,042
130

241
218
187
32

15
31
15
15

226
188
171
16

16.2
11.1
12.5
6.8

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,273
5,003
2,270

3,674
2,308
1,366

50.5
46.1
60.2

3,282
1,994
1,288

597
169
428

2,685
1,826
860

392
313
78

43
22
21

348
291
57

10.7
13.6
5.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,311
3,963
3,361
601

1,421
2,253
1,711
542

42.9
56.9
50.9
90.2

1,231
2,051
1,540
511

61
536
198
338

1,170
1,516
1,342
174

190
202
171
31

14
30
12
18

176
172
159
13

13.4
9.0
10.0
5.7

11,889
8,205
3,684

6,101
3,855
2,246

51.3
47.0
61.0

5,474
3,396
2,077

1,122
373
749

4,351
3,024
1,328

628
459
169

57
20
37

570
438
132

10.3
11.9
7.5

Men
Women

6,056
5,833

2,991
3,110

49.4
53.3

2,647
2,827

621
501

2,026
2,326

344
284

28
30

316
254

11.5
9.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

5,507
6,382
5,470
912

2,486
3,615
2,775
840

45.1
56.6
50.7
92.1

2,170
3,303
2,498
805

165
957
404
554

2,006
2,346
2,094
251

316
312
277
34

20
37
18
19

296
275
259
15

12.7
8.6
10.0
4.1

2,183
1,622
560

739
472
267

33.8
29.1
47.7

542
303
239

111
28
83

432
275
156

196
168
28

27
19
8

170
150
20

26.6
35.7
10.6

Men
Women

1,084
1,099

328
411

30.2
37.4

228
314

52
58

176
256

99
97

15
12

84
86

30.3
23.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,283
900
754
146

329
410
287
123

25.7
45.5
38.1
83.9

228
314
220
94

17
93
33
60

211
221
186
34

101
96
67
29

8
19
4
14

92
77
63
14

30.6
23.3
23.4
23.3

1,131
877
254

465
304
161

41.1
34.7
63.2

389
242
147

116
49
67

274
193
81

76
63
14

10
8
3

66
55
11

16.4
20.6
8.4

Men
Women

563
568

218
247

38.6
43.6

174
215

55
60

119
154

43
33

2
8

42
24

19.9
13.3

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

722
409
309
100

212
253
163
90

29.4
61.9
52.9
89.6

156
233
148
84

22
94
34
60

135
139
114
25

56
20
15
5

8
2
2

47
18
13
6

26.3
8.1
9.1
6.1

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

See footnotes at end of table.




15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, years of
school completed, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Civilian labor force
Employment status, years of school
completed, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time1

Unemployed

Part
time1

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

1,310
422
888

165
83
82

10.3

59

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED

17,322

82.5
76.9
84.1

12,813
2,506
10,307

11,055
1,871
9,184

1,758

13,405

14,288
3,011
11,277

1,123

1,475
505
970

Less than 4 years of high school.
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

4,046
8,709
2,910
1,657

2,711
7,369
2,619
1,589

67.0
84.6
90.0
95.9

2,206
6,643
2,474
1,490

1,788
5,706
2,178
1,383

418
937
296
107

504
727
145
98

446
645
124
95

81
21
4

18.6
9.9
5.5
6.2

Men, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,322
1,890
6,431

7,667
1,641
6,026

92.1
86.8
93.7

6,879
1,386
5,492

6,211
1,100
5,111

668
287
381

788
255
533

744
231
512

44
24
21

10.3
15.5
8.8

2,141
4,164
1,307
709

1,829
3,902
1,244

85.4
93.7
95.2
97.5

1,517
3,547
1,179
636

1,312
3,222
1,075

312
355

66
55

292
330
66
55

20
25

601

205
325
104
35

17.1
9.1
5.3
8.0

9,000
2,027
6,973

6,621
1,370
5,251

73.6
67.6
75.3

5,934
1,120
4,814

4,845
772
4,073

1,090
348
742

687
250
436

566
191
375

120
59
61

10.4
18.3
8.3

1,904
4,545

881
3,467
1,375
898

46.3
76.3
85.8
94.6

689
3,096
1,295
854

476
2,484
1,103
782

213
611

192
372
80
43

154
315
58

38

1,603
948

39

56
21
4

21.8
10.7
5.8
4.8

14,379
3,256
11,122

12,039
2,550
9,489

83.7
78.3
85.3

11,047
2,218
8,829

9,538
1,663
7,875

1,509
555
954

992
332

881
287
594

111
45
66

8.2
13.0
7.0

Men
Women.

6,970
7,409

6,506
5,534

93.3
74.7

5,941
5,106

5,382
4,156

559

565
428

535
346

29
82

8.7
7.7

Less than 4 years of high school.
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

3,290
7,174
2,424
1,491

2,234
6,189
2,184
1,433

67.9
86.3
90.1
96.1

1,893
5,727
2,079
1,348

1,544
4,930
1,816
1,248

349
798
263
100

341
462
105
85

304
410
84
83

37
52
21
1

15.3
7.5
4.8
5.9

2,459
576
1,883

1,839
394

74.8
68.4
76.8

1,411
240
1,171

1,211

1,445

1,038

200
67
133

428
153
275

377
118
259

52
36
16

23.3
38.9
19.0

Men
Women .

1,113
1,345

935
904

83.9
67.2

743
668

658
553

85
115

192
236

178
199

14
37

20.6
26.1

Less than 4 years of high school.
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

635
1,325
393
106

384
1,001
357

236
772

178
658

293

148
230
40
11

19
30

317
86

58
114
24
4

129
200
40

97

60.5
75.6
90.9
90.8

38.5
22.9
11.1
11.2

2,318
528
1,790

1,717
343
1.374

74.1
65.0
76.7

1,520
287
1,233

1,315
224
1,091

205
64
142

197
56
141

175
45
130

22
11
11

11.5
16.3
10.3

Men
Women.

1,201
1,117

1,113
604

92.6
54.1

893
422

92
114

128

535

120
55

8
14

11.5
11.4

Less than 4 years of high school.
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

1,138
907
221
52

737
729
202
49

64.8
80.3
91.2
(*)

647
639
194
40

563
538
173

84
101
22

73
83

17
7

12.3
12.4
3.5

Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

3,917

Less than 4 years of high school.
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more
Women, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than 4 years of high school.
4 years of high school
1 to 3 years of college
4 years of college or more

635

192
72

16.8
8.6

White
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

173

82

8

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years .
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at work part time are
distributed according to whether they usually work full or part time.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and

16




41

10
9

college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-8. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Total

Veteran status
and age
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Employed

Unemployed
Percent of
labor force

Number
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,890
5,826
633
2,070
3,123
2,064

7,928
5,409
440
1,673
3,296
2,519

7,261
5,540
592
1,965
2,983
1,721

7,249
5,114
406
1,561
3,146
2,136

7,008
5,344
554
1,894
2,896
1,664

6,999
4,926
382
1,486
3,058
2,072

253
196
38
71
87
57

251
187
24
75
88
63

3.5
3.5
6.4
3.6
2.9
3.3

3.5
3.7
6.0
4.8
2.8
3.0

20,631
9,175
6,928
4,528

21,665
9,401
7,506
4,758

19,645
8,779
6,593
4,273

20,572
8,966
7,121
4,485

18,958
8,439
6,405
4,114

19,877
8,669
6,867
4,341

687
340
188
159

695
297
255
143

3.5
3.9
2.9
3.7

3.4
3.3
3.6
3.2

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data




are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

17

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
September 1989
Unemployed

Employed
Part time

Full time
Sex, age, and race

Total

Full-time
schedules1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
full time

Total

Voluntary1

Part time for
economic
reasons,
usually work
part time

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

97,812
2,299
235
2,064
95,513
10,060
85,453
74,301
11,152

96,193
2,182
222
1,960
94,011
9,830
84,181
73,218
10,963

1,619
117
13
104
1,502
231
1,271
1,083
189

19,686
4,046
2,177
1,869
15,640
2,686
12,954
9,211
3,744

16,818
3,680
2,108
1,572
13,137
2,200
10,937
7,530
3,407

2,868
365
69
296
2,503
485
2,018
1,681
337

4,824
463
98
365
4,361
936
3,425
3,080
346

1,505
690
360
330
815
236
578
487
92

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

58,214
1,359
56,855
5,559
51,296
44,347
6,948

57,351
1,292
56,059
5,438
50,621
43,760
6,861

863
67
796
121
674
587
87

6,130
1,872
4,258
1,084
3,174
1,661
1,513

4,966
1,701
3,265
854
2,411
1,033
1,379

1,164
171
993
231
762
628
134

2,693
250
2,443
539
1,904
1,678
226

555
340
215
118
97
51
46

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

39,598
940
38,658
4,501
34,157
29,953
4,204

38,842
890
37,952
4,392
33,560
29,458
4,102

756
50
706
109
597
496
101

13,556
2,174
11,382
1,601
9,781
7,550
2,231

11,852
1,980
9,872
1,346
8,525
6,497
2,028

1,704
194
1,510
255
1,256
1,053
203

2,131
213
1,918
397
1,522
1,402
120

950
350
600
118
482
435
46

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

50,989
1,207
49,782
4,796
44,986
38,762
6,224

50,281
1,152
49,129
4,682
44,447
38,294
6,154

708
55
653
114
539
468
71

5,300
1,666
3,634
919
2,715
1,329
1,386

4,358
1,524
2,835
732
2,102
834
1,268

942
143
799
186
613
495
118

2,011
186
1,825
377
1,448
1,272
176

431
240
192
105
87
43
44

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,356
829
32,527
3,828
28,699
25,047
3,652

32,710
780
31,930
3,731
28,199
24,641
3,558

646
49
597
97
500
406
95

11,955
1,912
10,043
1,363
8,680
6,746
1,933

10,632
1,736
8,896
1,169
7,727
5,944
1,783

1,323
176
1,147
194
953
802
150

1,409
121
1,288
254
1,034
943
91

743
243
500
93
407
370
37

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,366
117
5,249
593
4,656
4,105
551

5,231
106
5,124
586
4,538
4,004
534

136
11
125
7
118
101
17

583
150
433
111
323
226
96

396
124
272
77
195
114
81

187
26
161
34
128
112
15

597
55
543
138
404
367
38

107
86
21
13
9
7
2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,842
84
4,758
527
4,231
3,831
399

4,751
84
4,667
519
4,148
3,754
393

91

1,165
192
973
179
794
544
250

857
172
685
127
558
354
204

308
21
288
52
236
190
46

642
82
560
129
431
405
26

178
99
79
23
55
47
8

White

Black

Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed according

18




91
8
83
77
6

to whether they usually work full or part time.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Employment status of persons in families by family relationship
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Not in labor force

Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

Total, 16 years and over1

99,299

Percent
of
population

66.8

Employed

94,108

Percent
of
Number
labor
force
5,191

5.2

Going
to
school

Unable
to
work

Other
reasons

21,243

7,803

2,497

17,865

179
11

970
323
26
621

9,794
1,722
42
8,029

Total

Keeping
house

49,408

Husbands
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

40,244
26,543
1,047
12,654

78.3
92.3
93.4
58.9

39,138
25,906
965
12,266

1,106
637
82
387

2.7
2.4
7.8
3.1

11,135
2,219
74
8,842

102

192
96
6
90

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force

29,883
26,871
719
2,293

58.2
68.7
65.0
20.6

28,762
25,906
637
2,219

1,121
965
82
74

3.8
3.6
11.4
3.2

21,495
12,266
387
8,842

16,801
10,713
310
5,778

366
304
18
44

390
153
5
233

3,938
1,097
54
2,787

Relatives in married-couple families
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

12,514
4,595
4,462
3,456

63.0
52.0
75.6
67.5

11,252
4,009
4,065
3,178

1,262
587
397
278

10.1
12.8
8.9
8.0

7,340
4,235
1,444
1,661

673
85
153
435

5,007
3,866
1,015
126

344
12
46
286

1,317
273
230
814

Women who maintain families

6,933

63.4

6,379

554

8.0

3,998

2,581

221

252

945

Relatives in families maintained by women
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,605
1,477
1,564
2,565

59.9
48.2
74.2
61.3

4,683
1,103
1,304
2,276

922
373
260
289

16.4
25.3
16.6
11.3

3,745
1,584
543
1,618

674
97
111
466

1,654
1,320
256
78

349
17
16
316

1,068
150
161
757

Men who maintain families

2,265

77.2

2,175

89

3.9

668

37

36

102

492

Relatives in families maintained by men ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

1,855
348
475
1,032

64.4
56.2
76.9
62.8

1,719
313
447
959

136
35
28
73

7.4
10.1
5.9
7.1

1,026
272
142
612

298
14
39
245

327
227
65
35

90
1
2
87

311
30
36
245

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families
where the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.
NOTE: Estimates shown in this table for husbands, wives, and women




who maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates
shown in other tables in this publication because of differences in
definitions and weighting patterns used in aggregating the data.

19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men

Marital status, race, and age

Thousands of
persons

Unemployment
rates
Sept.
1989

1,264

3,081
1,211
625
1,246

5.8
3.9
6.9
9.1

5.5
3.9
5.5
8.9

4.2
2.7
4.6
7.7

2,331

2,152

1,011
508

812

1,013
411
728

5.0
3.8
5.9
7.2

4.5
3.7
4.5
6.5

4.6
11.5
16.7

10.6
5.6
9.1
17.6

765
134
208
423

820
153
194
473

11.6
5.6
18.4

12.0
6.3
9.8
19.5

368
545

3.6
2.6
5.8
6.4

3.5
2.7
5.2
6.1

2,044
994
659
391

2,003
1,045
593
366

4.6
3.6
6.4
6.4

4.4
3.6
5.4
5.7

1,551
859
271
421

1,534
903
260
372

3.2
2.4
5.0
5.9

3.1
2.5
4.4
5.1

1,528
860
445
223

1,441
876
388
176

4.1
3.5
5.4
4.8

3.7
3.5
4.5
3.6

368
147
99

413

7.1

165

4.8

10.3
10.6

456
102
194
160

487
131
185
171

8.6
4.6

91
156

7.7
5.4
9.0
11.8

8.8
5.8
9.5
13.1

Sept.
1989

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,183

3,248

1,122
413
1,649

1,209
392

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,451
934
287

2,443
1,000

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

649
150
116
384

704
179

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,971
1,043
378
550

2,001
1,088

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




Thousands of
persons

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1988

20

Unemployment
rates

1,231

123

1,648

282
1,161

93
432

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

4.8
2.7
6.0
9.1

4.8
2.9
5.4
9.0

3,186

4.2
2.5
5.1
8.1

1,186
736

10.9

10.4

12.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-12. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Total, 16 years and over
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Unemployment rates
Men

Total

Women

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

6,330

5.2

5.1

4.8

4.8

5.8

5.5

624
322
302

715
405
310

2.1
2.2
1.9

2.3
2.6
1.9

1.7
1.9
1.5

1.8
2.1
1.5

2.5
2.7
2.4

2.8
3.5
2.3

1,573

1,499
91

4.0
2.5
4.2
4.1

3.3
2.7
3.0
4.1

3.0
2.4
2.6
3.9

4.7
2.1
6.2
4.4

4.6
2.7
5.8
4.2

6.9

6.3
4.4
6.9
6.4

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

6,368

,

822

617
791

4.2
2.5
4.6
4.3

,

1,056
53
66
936

1,089
37
101
951

6.5
5.9
3.3
7.0

6.5
4.5
4.9
6.9

0
2.1
6.3

4.4
7.8

7.3
5.2
9.6
7.4

603
140
288
175

665
166
328
170

4.3
3.2
5.3
4.1

4.6
3.6
5.9
4.0

4.4
3.1
5.4
4.5

4.4
3.6
5.7
3.3

3.0
4.3
2.3
2.9

6.2
1.3
12.3
6.2

1,513
715
224
573
145
429

1,482
629
267
586
148
438

7.7
8.1
4.2

7.0
6.5
4.3
10.4
14.4
9.2

7.1
5.8
4.7
11.3
16.1
10.1

9.8
10.3
3.3
10.9

8.9
8.8
7.4
10.3

O

9.7

7.5
7.0
4.9
11.1
16.1
10.1

O

11.4

10.1

Farming, forestry, and fishing

258

177

6.7

4.6

6.7

4.5

6.9

5.2

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

716
462
150
104

667
412
137
118

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

92
658

,

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

10.5
13.9

5.3

0

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Total

Women

Men

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

6,330

5.2

5.1

4.8

4.8

5.8

5.5

4,794

4,829

5.3

5.2

4.8

5.0

5.8

5.5

52
474

47
503

6.8
7.4

6.6
8.0

6.9
7.7

6.8
8.1

5.9
4.4

5.8
6.7

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

1,181
666
37
34
37

1,113
607
43
38

5.4
5.1
5.0
4.7
5.7
4.9
6.2
5.0
3.9
4.8
5.8
3.9
4.0
10.6
5.7
6.8
5.7

4.7
4.8
5.2
4.7
5.4
4.9
5.3
4.4
3.0
5.0
5.8
4.3
4.0
11.1
4.5
5.4
5.0
6.1
1.9
4.7
2.8
5.3
7.4

4.3
4.1
6.1
4.4
5.2
3.9
5.1
2.6
4.9
3.3
3.6
3.0
3.8
7.1
4.7
6.7
4.6
7.4
2.1
4.9
3.0
3.6
5.3

6.6
5.8
3.7
4.6
6.4
4.8
9.2
6.9
5.0
4.1
6.2
2.6
4.1

10.1
2.4
4.8
3.0
6.5
5.4

5.0
4.7
5.9
5.8
4.7
4.2
5.1
3.2
5.5
4.4
4.8
4.1
4.1
6.9
5.5
7.4
5.4
7.3
3.3
4.8
3.3
5.7
5.5

10.2
7.4
9.4
6.6
11.3
3.6
5.0
3.3
8.6
1.9

6.4
6.1
4.9
8.7
3.2
6.8
5.1
5.1
6.3
8.5
9.0
7.9
4.6
6.4
6.6
8.7
6.3
7.3
7.0
4.6
3.9
9.3
6.0

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries

3.5
4.5
2.0
6.0
3.9
6.6
3.0
5.0
3.3
7.1

4.3
5.2
2.9
5.6
3.7
6.1
3.5
5.0
3.4
7.2

3.5
4.7
1.6
5.0
3.6
5.5
2.6
4.2
2.3
5.7

4.1
4.8
2.9
4.7
2.9
5.4
2.4
5.3
2.7
7.3

3.2
3.9
2.7
7.1
4.7
7.4
3.3
5.4
3.7
8.5

4.8
6.5
3.1
6.5
5.6
6.7
4.2
4.9
3.6
7.1

9.7
2.4

6.9
2.5

9.2
2.1

6.5
2.2

11.6
2.8

8.4
2.8

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience

22




Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

6,368

41
87

135
79

130
72

31
37
69
84
117
117

59

58

58

29
57
516
124
42
126
18
90
39
55
22

29
42
506

218
167
51
1,391
177

274
198
76
1,323
160

1,214
223

1,163
258

1,255
469
786

1,311
499
812

175
682
716

126
708
667

141
38
95
25
93
42
47
24

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
unemployed
Reason for unemployment

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Sept.
1989

Black

White
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

1,153
170
40
129
264
361
358

4,782
2,101
500
1,601
866
1,369
447

4,595
1,918
538
1,380
941
1,400
337

1,414
575
118
457
204
398
237

1,524
592
78
514
187
524
222

100.0
18.4
2.7
15.7
17.6
25.9
38.1

100.0
14.7
3.5
11.2
22.9
31.3
31.0

100.0
33.5
10.5
23.0
18.1
28.6
9.3

100.0
41.7
11.7
30.0
20.5
30.5
7.3

100.0
40.6
8.3
32.3
14.5
28.1
16.8

100.0
38.8
5.1
33.7
12.2
34.4
14.6

2.9
2.8
4.1
6.0

2.3
3.5
4.8
4.8

1.5
.8
1.3
.4

1.8
.9
1.3
.3

4.4
1.6
3.0
1.8

4.4
1.4
3.9
1.6

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

6,368
2,732
636
2,096
1,099
1,821
717

6,330
2,586
631
1,955
1,162
1,997
585

2,540
1,565
356
1,209
415
463
97

2,658
1,609
373
1,236
437
520
93

2,616
944
247
697
470
1,044
158

2,518
807
218
589
461
1,116
134

1,212
223
33
190
213
314
462

100.0
42.9
10.0
32.9
17.3
28.6
11.3

100.0
40.9
10.0
30.9
18.4
31.5
9.2

100.0
61.6
14.0
47.6
16.4
18.2
3.8

100.0
60.5
14.0
46.5
16.4
19.6
3.5

100.0
36.1
9.5
26.6
18.0
39.9
6.0

100.0
32.1
8.7
23.4
18.3
44.3
5.3

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.1
.9
1.6
.5

2.5
.7
.7
.2

2.5
.7
.8
.1

1.9
.9
2.0
.3

1.5
.9
2.1
.3

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
September 1989
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over
Thousands
of persons

Total, 16 years and over ....
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

6,330

100.0

53.0

27.4

19.5

10.5

9.1

2,586
631
1,955
1,162
1,997
585

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

42.2
60.4
36.3
60.8
60.4
59.9

30.5
23.5
32.7
24.9
25.4
26.3

27.3
16.0
31.0
14.3
14.2
13.8

14.5
12.1
15.3
8.1
7.2
8.5

12.8
3.9
15.7
6.2
7.0
5.2

2,658

100.0

42.9

28.5

28.6

13.8

14.8

1,609
373
1,236
437
520
93

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

39.3
60.6
32.9
49.5
49.8
35.1

29.1
20.6
31.6
30.4
24.9
30.2

31.6
18.7
35.5
20.1
25.3
34.7

15.3
12.1
16.2
10.0
11.7
17.7

16.3
6.6
19.3
10.1
13.6
17.1

2,518

100.0

55.6

28.9

15.5

9.3

6.3

807
218
589
461
1,116
134

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.7
56.6
34.9
64.4
61.5
65.3

35.6
29.6
37.9
22.5
27.4
22.3

23.6
13.7
27.3
13.1
11.1
12.4

15.3
13.6
15.9
9.3
5.5
4.5

8.4
.2
11.4
3.8
5.6
7.9

1,153

100.0

70.7

21.9

7.4

5.5

1.9

170
40
129
264
361
358

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

76.5
(1)
75.8
73.5
72.1
64.4

19.2
(1)
19.8
19.9
19.8
26.8

4.3

3.5
(1)
3.4
3.0
6.2
7.7

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

0

4.4
6.6
8.2
8.8

.8

0

1.0
3.6
1.9
1.1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-16. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Full-time workers

Total
Duration of unemployment

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

6,368

6,330

100.0

.

3,308
1,632
1,133
500
1,428
644
784
303
481

3,355
1,737
1,264
473
1,237
664
573
237
336

51.9
25.6
17.8
7.9
22.4
10.1
12.3
4.8
7.6

Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks

13.3
4.8

11.3
4.2

Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over

24




.

.

.

Sept.
1988

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

100.0

4,873

4,824

100.0

100.0

53.0
27.4
20.0
7.5
19.5
10.5
9.1
3.7
5.3

2,224
1,318
910
408
1,331
585
746
287
459

2,282
1,422
1,042
380
1,121
597
523
217
306

45.6
27.0
18.7
8.4
27.3
12.0
15.3
5.9
9.4

47.3
29.5
21.6
7.9
23.2
12.4
10.8
4.5
6.3

15.6
6.3

12.9
5.2

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17.

Unemployed persons by sex, age, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Sex, age, race, and
marital status

Total

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks

27
Less
5 to 14 15 to 26 weeks
than
and
weeks weeks
5 weeks
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

September 1989

Unemployed
less than
5 weeks

Unemployed
15 weeks
and over

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,330
1,153
1,172
1,839
1,176
551
355
82

3,355
815
692
911
571
220
118
28

1,737
253
300
545
326
157
124
33

664
64
112
220
128
76
51
13

573
22
69
163
152
97
63
8

11.3
5.4
8.7
11.5
13.8
17.4
18.7
15.4

4.2
3.2
3.8
4.6
4.9
7.3
8.8
8.4

51.9
66.6
61.8
50.2
40.0
39.2
42.0

22.4
7.3
16.7
23.8
32.0
30.1
40.4

0

53.0
70.7
59.0
49.6
48.5
39.9
33.3
33.6

0

19.5
7.4
15.4
20.8
23.7
31.5
31.9
25.8

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,248
590
658
873
573
283
227
44

1,544
403
354
370
236
94
65
22

905
148
182
259
154
79
72
13

389
23
75
136
74
40
37
5

410
16
47
109
109
71
54
5

13.7
5.7
9.6
13.9
18.2
23.3
22.6

5.1
3.3
4.2
6.2
7.3
9.8
10.8

45.4
65.6
55.5
41.2
30.3
33.5
30.5

47.5
68.3
53.9
42.3
41.2
33.3
28.6

27.4
8.0
17.7
30.2
39.7
40.5
51.0

24.6
6.6
18.5
28.0
32.0
38.9
39.9

O

0

0

0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,081
563
515
966
603
268
128
38

1,812
412
338
542
335
126
53
6

832
105
118
286
172
79
52
20

274
41
37
84
53
37
14
8

164
5
22
54
43
27
9
3

8.7
5.1
7.6
9.4
9.6
11.0
11.8

3.8
3.1
3.4
4.0
4.1
5.1
6.1

58.8
73.1
65.6
56.1
55.5
46.9
41.6

17.4
6.5
15.6
17.8
24.6
19.5
27.5

14.2
8.3
11.4
14.4
15.9
23.7
17.9

0

0

58.5
67.8
68.0
58.5
49.2
45.1
56.0

0

0

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,595
2,443
2,152

2,533
1,217
1,316

1,217
645
572

455
285
170

390
296
94

10.7
13.2
7.8

4.1
4.5
3.7

53.5
46.9
60.5

55.1
49.8
61.1

21.8
27.7
15.7

18.4
23.8
12.3

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,524
704
820

702
265
436

475
246
228

179
88
92

168
105
63

13.2
15.9
10.8

5.5
7.4
4.2

48.1
41.6
53.7

46.0
37.7
53.2

24.2
27.1
21.8

22.8
27.4
18.9

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,209
392
1,648

488
156
899

345
131
430

183
44
163

193
61
156

16.6
15.8
11.1

7.4
7.0
4.1

35.7
35.7
54.3

40.4
39.8
54.6

37.9
37.1
17.9

31.1
26.8
19.3

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,211
625
1,246

715
309
788

327
209
295

120
61
94

50
46
67

8.3
10.5
8.2

3.8
4.6
3.6

59.3
55.3
59.7

59.0
49.4
63.2

15.3
21.6
17.0

14.0
17.1
13.0

O

0

0

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




25

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
Thousands of persons

Occupation and industry

Total

than
5 weeks

5 to 14 15 to 26
weeks
weeks

Percent of unemployed
in group

Weeks
27
weeks
and
over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

Unemployed Unemployed
15 weeks
less than
and over
5 weeks
Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept.
1988 1989 1988 1989

September 1989
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

715
1,499
1,089
665
1,482
177

336
881
606
296
726
87

205
365
294
204
417
63

92
136
97
87
176
17

81
117
92
77
163
10

13.0
9.6
10.5
14.0
12.5
9.9

5.4
3.8
4.0
5.7
4.8
4.8

44.3
53.6
60.3
46.2
45.1
54.9

47.0
58.8
55.6
44.5
49.0
49.2

28.8
19.4
15.9
28.6
29.4
19.4

24.3
16.8
17.4
24.7
22.9
15.3

126
515
1,118
610
508
311
1,335
1,866
148

71
244
526
268
258
144
696
1,078
67

43
150
303
176
127
100
377
470
51

7
57
148
88
60
31
153
185
12

5
64
141
78
62
36
109
133
18

8.1
13.2
13.2
13.9
12.4
12.1
11.0
10.0
13.1

4.0
5.0
5.3
6.7
4.4
5.3
4.3
3.9
5.4

55.8
54.9
41.7
37.1
47.7
48.1
55.7
53.6
46.5

56.3
47.4
47.0
43.9
50.8
46.3
52.1
57.8
45.3

17.9
19.3
30.4
34.8
24.6
27.1
19.0
21.1
27.7

9.5
23.5
25.8
27.4
24.0
21.5
19.6
17.1
20.3

667

411

172

53

31

9.5

3.7

61.1

61.6

13.9

12.6

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.

26




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, age, race, and jobsearch methods used
September 1989
Thousands of persons
Sex, age, and race

Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers
Average
number of
methods
used

Public
employment
agency

Private
employment
agency

Employer
directly

Placed
or
answered
ads

Friends
or
relatives

Other

5,589
1,098
1,062
1,612
1,023
445
273
75

20.3
11.8
21.2
22.1
22.4
26.2
25.7
10.2

8.1
3.6
7.5
8.3
10.9
11.2
13.2
7.0

74.0
77.1
72.6
74.3
74.1
71.3
72.3
60.7

38.1
29.6
40.5
41.8
38.4
42.4
32.1
37.1

19.2
16.5
18.8
18.5
21.3
24.9
21.2
7.9

5.1
5.8
5.0
3.8
5.6
7.8
4.6
2.8

1.65
1.44
1.66
1.69
1.73
1.84
1.69
1.26

3,248
590
658
873
573
283
227
44

2,798
564
574
738
489
225
172
37

22.7
14.1
23.8
25.6
24.5
25.7
29.4

8.7
2.8
7.7
9.0
12.4
14.7
11.2

76.3
79.6
76.5
76.0
76.8
72.3
73.0

35.4
29.4
33.5
40.7
37.2
37.7
30.1

23.2
19.4
21.7
23.0
28.6
28.9
23.7

4.9
4.4
4.7
4.1
5.1
8.0
6.1

1.71
1.50
1.68
1.78
1.84
1.87
1.73

0

0

0

0

0

0

O

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,081
563
515
966
603
268
128
38

2,791
534
489
874
534
220
102
38

17.9
9.5
18.3
19.1
20.4
26.6
19.4

7.5
4.5
7.2
7.7
9.5
7.7
16.4

71.6
74.3
68.0
72.9
71.7
70.3
71.3

40.7
29.9
48.8
42.7
39.4
47.3
35.4

15.1
13.4
15.4
14.6
14.6
20.9
17.1

5.3
7.2
5.4
3.6
6.1
7.5
2.2

1.58
1.39
1.63
1.61
1.62
1.80
1.62

0

0

O

0

0

0

0

White, 16 years and over...
Men
Women

4,595
2,443
2,152

3,960
2,035
1,925

19.4
22.7
15.9

8.3
9.2
7.4

74.6
76.7
72.4

40.0
37.2
42.9

18.8
22.5
15.0

5.3
5.2
5.5

1.67
1.74
1.59

Black, 16 years and over ...
Men
Women

1,524
704
820

1,440
670
770

22.8
23.9
21.8

8.1
8.2
8.1

73.6
77.6
70.1

32.9
30.3
35.1

19.9
24.9
15.6

4.4
3.8
5.0

1.62
1.69
1.56

Total
unemployed

Total
jobseekers

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,330
1,153
1,172
1,839
1,176
551
355
82

Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using ach method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-20. Unemployed jobseekers by sex, reason for unemployment, and jobsearch methods used
September 1989
Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers

Thousands of persons
Sex and reason

38.1
41.7
40.4
35.1
31.6

19.2
23.8
17.0
15.7
20.0

5.1
3.4
3.9
7.6
4.6

1.65
1.81
1.65
1.53
1.51

22.7
25.8
26.4
16.6
16.2

8.7
10.6
6.0
9.6
3.1

76.3
77.4
74.2
74.5
80.3

35.4
37.8
35.8
32.3
31.6

23.2
26.1
24.1
18.3
20.0

4.9
3.9
2.7
9.4
2.6

1.71
1.82
1.69
1.61
1.54

17.9
25.1
16.4
16.3
13.1

7.5
8.5
9.6
7.0
3.9

71.6
74.5
74.2
68.6
73.0

40.7
49.9
44.6
36.6
31.6

15.1
18.8
10.4
14.2
20.0

5.3
2.4
5.0
6.6
6.4

1.58
1.79
1.60
1.49
1.48

3,248
1,719
556
701
272

2,798
1,301
536
689
272

3,081
867
606
1,296
313

2,791
616
587
1,278
309

Women 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

....

74.0
76.5
74.2
70.7
76.4

20.3
25.6
21.1
16.4
14.5

Men 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

.

8.1
10.0
7.9
7.9
3.6

5,589
1,917
1,123
1,968
581

6,330
2,586
1,162
1,997
585

Total 16 years and over
Job losers1
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Employer
directly

Friends
or
relatives

Private
employment
agency

Total
jobseekers

4
Data on the number of jobseekers and the jobsearch methods used
exclude persons on layoff.
NOTE: The jobseeker total is less than the total unemployed because
it does not include persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new job within




Average
number of
methods
used

Placed
or
answered
ads

Public
employment
agency

Total
unemployed

Other

30 days, groups for whom jobseeking information is not collected. The
percent using each method will always total more than 100 because
many jobseekers use more than one method.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21. Employed civilians in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age and sex
(In thousands)
Women

Men

Total
Industry and age

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

All industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

115,474
6,516
2,519
3,996
13,171
81,046
33,730
28,713
18,604
11,514
6,916
4,598
3,227

117,498
6,345
2,412
3,933
12,746
83,511
34,399
29,644
19,469
11,568
6,882
4,686
3,328

63,742
3,340
1,327
2,013
6,929
44,928
18,955
15,724
10,249
6,602
3,942
2,660
1,943

64,344
3,231
1,192
2,039
6,644
46,008
19,155
16,189
10,665
6,578
3,907
2,671
1,883

51,732
3,176
1,192
1,983
6,242
36,118
14,774
12,989
8,355
4,912
2,974
1,938
1,284

53,154
3,114
1,220
1,894
6,102
37,503
15,244
13,455
8,804
4,990
2,975
2,015
1,445

Agriculture
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,250
282
121
161
336
1,892
819
619
455
448
254
194
291

3,329
209
97
111
378
2,015
852
698
464
448
242
207
279

2,565
240
101
138
281
1,450
652
452
346
347
194
153
247

2,598
179
85
94
304
1,523
664
525
334
357
187
170
235

685
42
19
23
55
442
166
167
108
101
60
41
44

731
30
12
17
74
491
188
173
130
91
54
37
44

112,225
6,234
2,399
3,835
12,835
79,154
32,911
28,094
18,149
11,066
6,662
4,404
2,936

114,169
6,136
2,315
3,821
12,368
81,497
33,547
28,945
19,005
11,120
6,641
4,479
3,048

61,177
3,100
1,226
1,875
6,648
43,477
18,303
15,272
9,902
6,255
3,748
2,507
1,696

61,746
3,052
1,107
1,945
6,340
44,485
18,491
15,664
10,330
6,221
3,720
2,501
1,648

51,048
3,133
1,173
1,960
6,186
35,677
14,608
12,822
8,247
4,811
2,913
1,898
1,240

52,423
3,084
1,208
1,877
6,028
37,012
15,056
13,282
8,675
4,898
2,921
1,978
1,401

Nonagricultural industries
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

28




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-22. Employed civilians by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Men

Total
16 years
and over

Occupation

Sept.
1988

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

20 years
and over

16 years
and over
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

115,474 117,498 63,742 64,344 60,402 61,113 51,732 53,154 48,556 50,040

Total
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

Sept.
1989

Women

29,537 30,493 16,395 16,616 16,316 16,531 13,142 13,877 13,035 13,751
14,302 14,882
567
586
10,063 10,503
3,672 3,793
15,235 15,611
1,775
1,849
881
745
393
395
846
912

8,714
332

8,975
319

6,556

6,715
1,940
7,641

2,247
709
4,020

312
441
1,019

441

797

639

3,943

2,014

639
2,028

2,163
723
3,833
,

,

765
3,850

1,827
7,681

1,734
479
312
730

1,638

579
291
702
333
989

8,672
332
6,519
1,820
7,644
1,729
479
312
730
311
437
1,016
639
1,991

8,936
319
6,677
1,940
7,595
1,637
576
291
700
334
439
984
639
1,995

5,588
235
3,507
1,845
7,554
115
266
83
182
1,851
282
2,814
126
1,836

5,907
267
3,788
1,852
7,970
137
302
102
144
1,913
268
3,031
158
1,915

5,531
235
3,460
1,836
7,504
115
264
83
181
1,848
283
2,789
126
1,814

5,856
265
3,753
1,838
7,895
133
298
102
144
1,911
261
3,007
158
1,880

35,509 35,728 12,463 12,480 11,886 11,846 23,046 23,248 21,334 21,557
3,676 3,486 1,918 1,776 1,889 1,762 1,758 1,711 1,731 1,687
1,017
233 1,077 1,025 1,063
226
1,307 1,258
230
233
224
824
935
1,196 1,068
234
232
244
952
837
446
704
729
1,174 1,160
435
454
438
736
706
13,575 13,939 6,879 7,058 6,512 6,674 6,696 6,882 5,686 5,838
3,623 3,869 2,342 2,504 2,329 2,481 1,281 1,365 1,232 1,347
958
2,413 2,289 1,427 1,301 1,413 1,280
946
988
986
296
1,579 1,583 1,245 1,287 1,232 1,268
329
296
333
5,900 6,135 1,850 1,948 1,529 1,627 4,050 4,187 3,139 3,195
41
63
61
39
46
18
46
9
15
18
18,259 18,302
765
741
858
861
4,620
4,736
2,429
2,520
898
981
8,420 8,732

3,667

3,646

331
296
91
221
616
2,112

296
326
73
220
565
2,166

3,485
328
288
84
203
592
1,990

3,410 14,592 14,656 13,917 14,032
468
408
470
293
410
531
531
315
565
499
71 4,645 4,547 4,476 4,386
216 2,299 2,209 2,242 2,173
309
343
333
548
364
1,967 6,308 6,567 5,916 6,197

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

15,223 15,626
778
851

6,069
16
1,697
4,356
2,019
177
1,761
398

6,115
31
1,641
4,442
2,157
182
1,693
411

5,180
10
1,656
3,514
1,412
165
1,586
351

5,178
23
1,595
3,560
1,470
171
1,563
355

9,153
835
274
8,045
3,213
1,711
1,244
1,877

9,511
747
342
8,422
3,284
1,864
1,373
1,901

8,090
731
267
7,091
2,551
1,624
1,163
1,753

8,499
656
326
7,516
2,664
1,769
1,317
1,767

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,514
4,281
5,145
4,088

13,838 12,333 12,624
4,149 4,359
4,507
5,247 5,038 5,137
4,084
3,146 3,127

12,045
4,053
4,891
3,100

12,294
4,247
4,976
3,072

1,181
132
107
941

1,213
147
110
956

1,138
132
101
906

1,178
148
105
925

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Manufacturing industries
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Nonmanufacturing industries
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,106 18,158 13,495 13,474 12,324 12,489
8,156
4,784
4,625
8,349 4,850 4,967
6,781
3,993 4,046 3,832 3,916
6,914
3,751
2,550
2,483
2,475
3,737 2,587
3,030 3,177
1,406 1,496 1,349 1,441
1,375
868
857
793
1,435
921
5,056 5,129
4,543
4,498
4,632 4,685
3,745 3,826 3,353 3,417
3,244 3,315
1,311
1,227
1,279
1,268
1,254
1,303
4,893
4,014
3,822 3,200 3,162
4,681
899
706
853
764
757
768
3,994 3,912
3,160
3,065 2,436 2,456

4,611
3,307
2,788
1,164
1,624
518
425
392
32
879
46
834

4,684
3,382
2,869
1,187
1,681
514
444
408
35
859
11
847

4,410
3,229
2,737
1,147
1,590
492
416
384
32
765
42
723

4,474
3,276
2,796
1,161
1,635
480
437
402
35
761
10
751

600
231
369

621
226
395

549
231
319

581
222
359

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations




1,983
1,971
12,400 12,864
5,233 5,441
2,046
1,888
3,005 3,066
2,311
2,275

3,586
1,374
2,212

3,656
1,355
2,301

2,986
1,143
1,843

3,035
1,129
1,907

2,652
1,129
1,523

2,775
1,108
1,667

29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Employed civilians by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Women

Men

Total
Occupation and race

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

115,474
100.0

117,498
100.0

63,742
100.0

64,344
100.0

51,732
100.0

53,154
100.0

25.6
12.4
13.2
30.8
3.2
11.8

26.0
12.7
13.3
30.4
3.0

25.7
13.7

25.8
13.9

25.4
10.8

26.1

12.1

11.9
15.6
13.3
.7

10.8
5.8

11.9
19.4
2.8
11.0
5.7

9.5

9.5

14.6
44.5
3.4
12.9
28.2
17.7

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

15.8
13.2
.7
1.7

10.7
11.7
15.7
7.1
4.4
4.2
3.1

1.7
10.9
11.8

15.5
7.1
4.4
4.0
3.1

19.6
3.0

11.1
15.0
43.7
3.2
12.9
27.6

1.6
.5

17.9
1.4
.6

6.3
4.7

20.9
7.7
7.3
5.9
4.7

15.6
2.3
8.9
6.4
.8
1.7
1.2

15.8
2.3
8.8
6.4
.8
1.6
1.2

O
2.7
6.8
19.3
21.2
7.6
7.3

2.6
6.9
19.6

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

100,177
100.0

101,600
100.0

55,862
100.0

56,289
100.0

44,315
100.0

45,311
100.0

26.7
13.1

27.1
13.3

26.9

27.1
14.7

26.5

27.1

13.6
31.0

13.8

11.5
15.6
44.8
3.2
13.4
28.2

6.8
5.9
4.9

2.3
6.0
20.1
19.8
7.4
6.9
5.5
5.0

11.4
15.1
45.4
3.3
13.5
28.6
16.3
1.5
.4
14.4
2.3
8.2
5.9
.8
1.6
1.3

3.1
12.3

15.6
12.0
.7
1.6

9.8
12.1
14.8
6.7
4.1
4.0
3.3

30.8

2.9
12.4
15.5
12.0
.5
1.6

9.9
12.1
14.6
6.7
4.2
3.7
3.3

14.5
12.4

19.6
3.0
11.4
5.3

8.6

O
2.5
6.1
20.0
20.0
7.3

12.4
19.6
2.7
11.5
5.3
8.4

16.5
1.1

.6
14.8
2.2
8.2
5.8
.8
1.5
1.3

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Less than 0.05 percent.

30




11,764
100.0

11,956
100.0

5,919
100.0

5,949
100.0

5,845
100.0

6,007
100.0

15.0
6.8
8.2
28.4
3.2
7.0
18.2
22.6
1.5
2.9
18.2
8.5
23.7
10.2
6.8
6.7
1.8

15.6
7.6
8.0

12.9
6.6
6.4
18.0
2.7
5.3

17.1
6.9
10.1
38.9
3.7
8.6

18.2
8.2
10.1

27.5
2.9
7.7

12.9
7.0
5.8
16.8
2.2
5.8

16.8
23.5
1.7
2.9
18.8
9.1
22.5

10.0

8.9

26.5

38.0
3.6
9.7
24.7

17.1
.1
4.4
12.7
15.0
33.8
10.7
12.2
10.9
3.2

18.8

28.2
2.9
1.4

28.1
3.3
1.1

23.9
2.0

23.6
2.5

13.4

12.6

9.7
1.4
2.4
.5

9.4
.9
2.2
.7

10.1
6.4
6.0
1.8

.1
4.8
14.0
15.9
32.6
10.9
11.8

9.9
3.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Employed civilians by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
September 1989
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Age and sex

Wage and salary workers

Total

Private
household Government
workers

Other

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

Wage and
salary
workers

Selfemployed
workers

Unpaid
family
workers

105,287
6,053
2,281
3,772
12,077
31,546
26,280
17,061
9,845
5,923
3,922
2,425

1,011
141
90
51
86
164
166
152
169
93
76
133

17,513
258
57
202
1,038
4,441
5,435
3,871
2,035
1,202
833
434

86,764
5,654
2,134
3,519
10,953
26,941
20,679
13,038
7,640
4,627
3,013
1,858

8,586
67
25
42
283
1,936
2,577
1,876
1,243
698
545
603

296
17
9
8
8
65
88
68
32
20
12
20

1,686
147
65
83
293
540
319
205
143
82
61
39

1,523
40
21
20
77
293
354
243
290
150
139
226

120
21
12
9
8
19
26
16
16
9
7
14

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

56,143
3,000
1,085
1,915
6,154
17,249
14,030
9,130
5,348
3,225
2,123
1,234

148
51
38
13
12
26
22
15
9
5
4
13

8,033
124
28
96
433
1,999
2,427
1,868
981
577
404
201

47,962
2,825
1,019
1,807
5,709
15,224
11,580
7,246
4,357
2,643
1,714
1,020

5,552
45
16
28
181
1,234
1,632
1,193
861
490
370
407

51
7
6
1
5
8
3
7
13
5
8
7

1,305
126
57
69
232
424
231
150
107
60
47
36

1,251
37
18
18
66
236
287
184
248
127
121
194

41
16
10
7
6
4
7
1
2
1
1
6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,144
3,053
1,196
1,857
5,923
14,297
12,251
7,931
4,497
2,698
1,799
1,192

863
90
52
38
74
138
144
136
160
88
72
121

9,480
135
29
106
604
2,442
3,007
2,003
1,054
625
429
233

38,801
2,829
1,116
1,713
5,244
11,717
9,099
5,792
3,283
1,985
1,299
838

3,034
22
9
13
102
702
946
683
382
207
175
197

245
9
3
6
3
56
85
60
19
15
4
13

381
22
7
14
61
116
88
55
36
22
13
3

272
4
3
1
11
57
67
60
42
24
18
32

79
5
2
2
2
15
19
15
14
8
6
9

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over




31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Employed civilians by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
September 1989
Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .
Professional services...
Public administration
1

Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

Total
Executive,
TechniAdminisemadminiscians
trative Private
Profesployed
trative,
Other
and
Sales support, housesional
and
service1
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

3,329
699
7,774
21,629
12,774
8,855

68
115
1,007
2,613
1,601
1,012

62
64
133
1,775
1,209
565

8,033
24,332
4,564
19,768

980
2,052
475
1,577

439
443
116
327

7,875
38,219
1,017
37,202
24,706
5,610

2,097
4,751
1
4,750
2,642
1,199

210
11,676
5
11,670
10,340
809

Precision
Machine
Farming,
producoperHandlers, forestry,
Transportion,
ators,
and
equipment
tation
craft,
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
inspeclaborers
tors

16
6
66
812
339
473

101
67
380
2,458
1,334
1,123

15
9
39
354
205
149

38
224
4,508
3,974
2,764
1,210

3
23
126
6,914
3,737
3,177

58
131
580
831
463
368

30
30
873
1,145
560
585

2,908
2
16
83
80
3

269
290
128 10,051
40 1,741
88 8,310

2,077
2,492
819
1,673

217
4,529
45
4,484

1,299
1,571
333
1,237

129
333
137
196

1,857
1,037
532
505

458
1,660
314
1,346

18
36
11
25

258
8,027
88
7,939
4,559
1,399

151
1,823
31
1,792
376
251

40
742
3
739
188
38

17
551
9
542
293
67

23
413
15
398
74
49

98
443
75
368
88
50

29
25
45
670
481
189

121
1,981
8
1,973
1,590
218

1,798
880
880
125
20

3,063
6,154
4
6,150
4,431
1,510

778
778

Includes protective service, not shown separately.

A-26. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason, sex, and pay status
(In thousands)
All
industries

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers1

Total
Reason not working and sex
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Paid absences
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Unpaid absences
Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Total, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,810
2,303
1,310
52
45
1,099

5,275
2,738
1,382
51
95
1,009

4,733
2,279
1,293
46
45
1,070

5,179
2,701
1,361
37
95
985

2,501
1,678
549

2,688
1,901
556

1,760
413
668

1,968
568
687

274

231

679

713

Men, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,350
1,220
642
489

2,688
1,523
671
494

2,300
1,203
631
466

2,607
1,488
655
464

1,262
903
270
89

1,440
1,112
258
71

770
198
316
256

857
235
325
297

Women, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons3

2,459
1,083
669
707

2,587
1,215
711
662

2,433
1,076
662

2,572
1,214
706
653

1,240
775
280
185

1,248
790
298
159

992
216
353
423

1,110
334
361
415

"• Excludes private household workers.
Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial
dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons.
2

32




3

O2
()

Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.
NOTE: Estimates for "all other reasons" by pay status may be biased
because of high response variance; data should be used with caution.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Persons at work by hours of work and type of industry
September 1989
Thousands of persons

Hours of work
All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Agriculture

Percent distribution

Nonagricultural
industries

All
industries

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

112,223

3,233

108,990

100.0

100.0

100.0

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

24,796
752
4,340
12,530
7,174

898
53
224
418
203

23,898
698
4,116
12,112
6,971

22.1
.7
3.9
11.2
6.4

27.8
1.6
6.9
12.9
6.3

21.9
.6
3.8
11.1
6.4

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

87,428
7,267
43,999
36,161
12,389
13,595
10,177

2,335
124
660
1,552
213
431
908

85,092
7,144
43,339
34,609
12,175
13,164
9,270

77.9
6.5
39.2
32.2
11.0
12.1
9.1

72.2
3.8
20.4
48.0
6.6
13.3
28.1

78.1
6.6
39.8
31.8
11.2
12.1
8.5

40.0
44.4

44.6
52.0

39.9
44.2

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

-

A-28. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by reason for working less than 35 hours, type of industry, and usual status
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Nonagricultural industries

All industries
Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons
Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons




Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

24,796

6,262

18,534

23,898

5,963

17,935

4,487

1,619
1,220
62
223

2,868
877

4,229
1,935
62
211

1,509

2,720
810

2,097
62
223
114
1,991

114

1,125
62
211
111

1,991

111
1,910

15,666
13,124

12,786

113

1,249
1,404

1,249
1,304

289
11
86

289
11
86

19,669

1,910

20,309
13,124
1,262
1,455
367
11
86
1,783
2,219

4,643

1,574

1,783
645

2,099

1,515

1,745
584

22.2
21.1

24.1
26.0

21.1
19.6

22.3
21.1

24.2
26.2

21.2
19.7

1,477
5,698

705
2,527

772
3,171

1,422
5,549

672
2,450

750
3,099

1,262
1,342

367
11
86

4,454

15,215
12,786

100

33

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989

Industry

Total, 16 years and over

Total
at
work

On part
time
for
economic
reasons

40 hours 41 to 48 49 hours
or more
or less
hours

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

108,990

4,229

15,215

89,546

54,937

12,175

22,434

39.9

44.2

100,583

3,709

13,691

83,183

52,119

11,566

19,497

39.8

43.9

639

14

11

614

308

98

207

46.1

47.3

6,080

358

224

5,499

3,537

698

1,264

41.4

43.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

20,208
11,948
8,260

383
140
243

679
251
428

19,146
11,558
7,589

11,617
6,957
4,659

3,188
1,927
1,260

4,342
2,673
1,669

42.8
43.3
42.0

43.9
44.0
43.8

Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

7,192
21,444
6,904

135
1,175
135

375
5,133
687

6,681
15,137
6,082

4,058
8,714
4,036

868
2,322
763

1,756
4,102
1,283

43.2
37.5
40.3

44.9
44.5
42.9

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

32,777
977
31,800
5,339

1,465
196
1,268
46

6,318
440
5,878
264

24,995
340
24,654
5,029

16,191
209
15,982
3,660

3,079
36
3,042
551

5,726
96
5,630
818

37.9
25.5
38.3
41.3

43.6
46.3
43.5
42.6

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,111
296

503
17

1,367
157

6,240
123

2,745
72

586
23

2,909
28

41.8
31.7

48.6
44.0

Wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction

34




HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, race, marital status, and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On full-time schedules
On
voluntary
part time

Total

Average
hours,
total
at work

Average
hours,
workers
on full-time
schedules

40 hours
or less

41 hours
or more

54,937

34,609
482
26
456
34,127
2,837
31,291
21,617
9,249
426

39.9
25.4
17.7
30.1
40.7
37.6
41.2
41.8
41.1
29.4

44.2
40.7
37.7
41.0
44.3
42.6
44.5
44.6
44.3
42.7

24,273
319
25

43.0
27.2
18.8
32.0
43.9
39.6
44.4
45.1
44.2
31.4

45.7
41.4
38.6
41.7
45.8
43.8
46.0
46.3
45.7
43.8
41.9
39.8

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

108,990
5,975
2,252
3,723
103,015
11,897
91,119

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

59,139
2,984

59,910
28,364
2,845

4,229
457
72
385

3,772
669
3,104
2,014
949
140

15,215
3,471
1,980
1,491
11,744
2,059
9,685
5,329
2,982
1,375

188
1,631
318
1,314
879
378
57

4,342
1,571
924
647
2,770
789
1,981
677
606
699

1,309

2,383
242
45
197
2,141
351
1,790
1,135
570
83

10,873
1,900
1,056
843
8,973
1,270
7,704
4,651
2,376
676

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

94,039
51,606
42,434

3,404
1,498
1,906

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

11,216
5,548
5,668

37,519
6,388

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,085
1,899

56,154
6,117
50,037
32,891
15,612
1,535

1,847

215
27

89,546
2,047
199
1,847
87,499

9,169
78,330
52,567
24,433
1,329
52,950
1,198
133
1,064
51,753

5,010
46,742
31,335
14,628
779
36,595

1,565
173
1,392
53,372
6,333
47,039
30,950
15,184
903
28,678
878
109
770
27,800
3,195
24,605
15,954
8,172
480

295

23,953
1,815
22,138
15,381
6,456
300
10,336
162
1
161

9,806
550

26,259
687
65
622
25,572
3,138
22,435
14,999
7,014
423

10,174
1,021
9,153
6,235
2,792
126

36.2
23.7
16.7
28.1
37.0
35.4
37.2
37.7
37.3
27.1

13,555
3,807
9,748

77,081
46,301
30,780

45,814
24,208
21,606

31,267
22,092
9,175

40.1
43.3
36.1

44.4
46.0
42.1

680
295
385

1,119
337
781

9,417
4,915
4,502

7,028
3,370
3,658

2,389
1,545
844

38.8
41.0
36.7

42.2
43.5
40.8

1,361
301

35,416

15,231

743
296
808

2,679

5,791
11,744

18,238
3,139
7,301

17,177
2,652
4,443

44.8
43.7
38.4

46.2
46.0
44.1

27,476
10,156
12,220

1,122
568
693

6,304
1,361
3,209

20,050
8,227
8,318

14,644
5,654
5,962

5,406
2,573
2,357

36.1
38.3
34.6

41.7
42.4
42.0

49,851
2,991
1,167

1,823
46,861
5,780
41,081
27,020
12,752

849
66
783
35,747

4,159
31,588
21,234

O
40.1
42.0
41.2
42.1

42.1
42.1
41.2

RACE

MARITAL STATUS
Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated .
Single (never married)
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-31. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
September 1989
Average
hours,
Average
workers
hours,
on full49
total
41 to 48
time
hours
at work
hours
schedor more
ules

On full-time schedules
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.

36




Total
at
work

On part
time for
economic
reasons

On
voluntary
part
time

Total

40
hours
or less

108,681

4,202

15,147

89,332

54,725

12,156

22,451

39.9

44.2

29,318
14,306
15,012
34,059
3,290
13,288
17,481
14,893
750
1,873
12,271
13,137
17,272
7,959
4,857
4,456

473
170
303
1,118
62
597
459
1,254
133
38
1,083
523
834
288
187
360

2,691
725
1,967
6,326
390
2,864
3,072
4,185
341
181
3,663
427
1,517
377
416
725

26,154
13,411
12,743
26,615
2,838
9,827
13,950
9,455
276
1,654
7,525
12,187
14,921
7,295
4,255
3,371

13,519
6,454
7,065
17,588
1,942
4,920
10,726
6,771
180
968
5,622
7,436
9,411
4,892
2,142
2,377

3,539
1,771
1,768
3,514
381
1,358
1,776
1,091
28
279
783
1,784
2,229
1,152
585
491

9,096
5,186
3,910
5,513
516
3,549
1,448
1,593
68
406
1,119
2,968
3,281
1,250
1,528
503

43.2
45.1
41.3
38.1
39.5
39.5
36.9
34.3
26.3
42.8
33.5
42.5
41.0
41.3
43.9
37.1

45.9
46.7
45.1
43.1
42.5
46.2
41.0
42.8
45.6
45.9
42.0
44.1
44.0
43.0
47.1
42.5

58,718

1,810

4,238

52,670

28,426

7,439

16,805

43.1

45.8

16,024
8,657
7,367
11,958
1,675
6,778
3,504
5,890
31
1,549
4,310
12,001
12,846
4,772
4,437
3,638

211
87
124
248
27
136
84
335
10
31
294
465
552
108
149
295

713
266
447
1,153
107
643
403
1,135
9
108
1,018
302
935
133
258
544

15,100
8,304
6,796
10,556
1,541
5,998
3,017
4,419
12
1,409
2,998
11,235
11,360
4,531
4,030
2,799

6,604
3,400
3,204
5,372
979
2,401
1,992
2,960
8
814
2,138
6,767
6,723
2,783
1,990
1,951

1,953
1,038
915
1,568
218
866
484
530
3
217
310
1,647
1,741
780
566
395

6,544
3,866
2,678
3,617
344
2,731
541
929
1
379
550
2,821
2,895
969
1,474
453

46.2
47.2
44.9
43.0
42.0
45.0
39.6
37.9
(2)
44.0
35.9
42.8
42.1
43.0
45.0
37.5

47.8
48.3
47.1
46.1
43.8
48.2
42.9
44.0
(2)
46.3
43.0
44.3
44.9
44.1
47.4
42.7

49,963

2,392

10,909

36,662

26,299

4,717

5,646

36.2

41.9

13,294
5,649
7,645
22,102
1,615
6,510
13,977
9,004
719
324
7,961
1,137
4,426
3,188
421
818

262
83
179
870
35
461
374
919
123
7
789
59
282
180
38
65

1,978
459
1,520
5,173
283
2,221
2,669
3,050
332
73
2,645
126
582
244
158
181

11,054
5,107
5,947
16,059
1,297
3,828
10,934
5,036
264
244
4,527
952
3,562
2,764
225
572

6,915
3,054
3,862
12,216
963
2,519
8,734
3,811
172
154
3,484
669
2,688
2,110
153
426

1,586
733
853
1,947
163
492
1,292
561
25
63
473
137
488
373
19
96

2,552
1,320
1,232
1,896
171
817
908
664
67
28
570
147
386
281
54
50

39.5
41.9
37.8
35.5
37.0
33.7
36.2
31.9
26.4
36.9
32.2
38.4
37.5
38.7
32.8
35.1

43.4
44.0
42.9
41.1
40.8
43.0
40.5
41.7
45.6
43.3
41.4
41.8
41.3
41.2
42.4
41.5

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Employment status and sex
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

186,666
123,688
66.3
117,074
62.7
1,704
115,370
3,176
112,194
6,614
5.3
62,978

186,801
123,778
66.3
117,260
62.8
1,687
115,573
3,238
112,335
6,518
5.3
63,023

186,949
124,215
66.4
117,652
62.9
1,705
115,947
3,238
112,709
6,563
5.3
62,734

187,098
124,259
66.4
117,705
62.9
1,696
116,009
3,193
112,816
6,554
5.3
62,839

187,340
125,124
66.8
118,407
63.2
1,696
116,711
3,300
113,411
6,716
5.4
62,216

187,461
124,865
66.6
118,537
63.2
1,684
116,853
3,223
113,630
6,328
5.1
62,596

187,581
124,948
66.6
118,820
63.3
1,684
117,136
3,206
113,930
6,128
4.9
62,633

187,708
125,343
66.8
118,797
63.3
1,684
117,113
3,104
114,009
6,546
5.2
62,365

187,854
125,283
66.7
118,888
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62,571

187,995
125,768
66.9
119,207
63.4
1,666
117,541
3,096
114,445
6,561
5.2
62,228

188,149
125,622
66.8
119,125
63.3
1,666
117,459
3,219
114,240
6,497
5.2
62,527

188,286
125,706
66.8
119,285
63.4
1,688
117,597
3,307
114,290
6,421
5.1
62,580

188,428
125,742
66.7
119,158
63.2
1,702
117,456
3,257
114,199
6,584
5.2
62,686

89,577
68,604
76.6
65,015
72.6
1,540
63,475
3,589
5.2
20,973

89,637
68,569
76.5
64,976
72.5
1,526
63,450
3,593
5.2
21,068

89,716
68,686
76.6
65,074
72.5
1,542
63,532
3,612
5.3
21,030

89,792
68,638
76.4
65,055
72.5
1,534
63,521
3,583
5.2
21,154

89,914
69,032
76.8
65,322
72.6
1,532
63,790
3,710
5.4
20,882

89,973
69,113
76.8
65,572
72.9
1,521
64,051
3,540
5.1
20,860

90,032
69,190
76.9
65,920
73.2
1,521
64,399
3,270
4.7
20,842

90,094
69,360
77.0
65,767
73.0
1,521
64,246
3,593
5.2
20,734

90,167
69,114
76.7
65,713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,401
4.9
21,053

90,237
69,507
77.0
66,110
73.3
1,501
64,609
3,397
4.9
20,730

90,315
69,245
76.7
65,961
73.0
1,499
64,462
3,284
4.7
21,070

90,384
69,337
76.7
65,934
72.9
1,519
64,415
3,403
4.9
21,047

90,456
69,272
76.6
65,601
72.5
1,531
64,070
3,672
5.3
21,184

97,089
55,084
56.7
52,059
53.6
164
51,895
3,025
5.5
42,005

97,164
55,209
56.8
52,284
53.8
161
52,123
2,925
5.3
41,955

97,234
55,529
57.1
52,578
54.1
163
52,415
2,951
5.3
41,705

97,306
55,621
57.2
52,650
54.1
162
52,488
2,971
5.3
41,685

97,427
56,091
57.6
53,085
54.5
164
52,921
3,006
5.4
41,336

97,488
55,752
57.2
52,965
54.3
163
52,802
2,787
5.0
41,736

97,550
55,758
57.2
52,900
54.2
163
52,737
2,858
5.1
41,792

97,614
55,983
57.4
53,029
54.3
163
52,866
2,953
5.3
41,631

97,687
56,169
57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3
41,518

97,758
56,261
57.6
53,097
54.3
165
52,932
3,164
5.6
41,497

97,834
56,377
57.6
53,164
54.3
167
52,997
3,213
5.7
41,457

97,902
56,370
57.6
53,352
54.5
169
53,183
3,018
5.4
41,532

97,972
56,470
57.6
53,557
54.7
171
53,386
2,912
5.2
41,502

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force
Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident




Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-32 through A-41 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1989

1988
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

184,962 185,114 185,244 185,402 185,644 185,777 185,897 186,024 186,181 186,329 186,483 186,598 186,726
121,984 122,091 122,510 122,563 123,428 123,181 123,264 123,659 123,610 124,102 123,956 124,018 124,040
66.5
66.5
66.5
66.3
66.4
66.6
66.4
66.5
66.1
66.1
66.0
66.3
66.0
115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597 117,456
62.9
63.0
63.0
62.9
62.9
63.1
63.0
63.0
62.6
62.6
62.4
63.0
62.4
6,497 6,421
6,328 6,128
6,584
6,546 6,395 6,561
6,563 6,554 6,716
6,614
6,518
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.0
5.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

80,751
62,884
77.9
59,979
74.3
2,249
57,730
2,905
4.6
17,867

80,851
62,915
77.8
60,004
74.2
2,315
57,689
2,911
4.6
17,936

80,924
62,995
77.8
59,999
74.1
2,313
57,686
2,996
4.8
17,929

81,001
63,002
77.8
60,049
74.1
2,292
57,757
2,953
4.7
17,999

81,162
63,358
78.1
60,420
74.4
2,277
58,143
2,938
4.6
17,804

81,256
63,490
78.1
60,636
74.6
2,320
58,316
2,853
4.5
17,766

81,333
63,557
78.1
60,869
74.8
2,317
58,552
2,688
4.2
17,776

81,413
63,709
78.3
60,757
74.6
2,252
58,505
2,952
4.6
17,704

81,524
63,503
77.9
60,798
74.6
2,284
58,514
2,705
4.3
18,021

81,592
63,831
78.2
61,093
74.9
2,256
58,837
2,737
4.3
17,761

81,679
63,656
77.9
60,921
74.6
2,342
58,579
2,734
4.3
18,023

81,754
63,643
77.8
60,853
74.4
2,364
58,489
2,790
4.4
18,111

81,790
63,721
77.9
60,683
74.2
2,339
58,344
3,038
4.8
18,069

89,735
50,991
56.8
48,535
54.1
638
47,897
2,456
4.8
38,744

89,807
51,201
57.0
48,788
54.3
640
48,148
2,413
4.7
38,606

89,887
51,558
57.4
49,113
54.6
640
48,473
2,445
4.7
38,329

89,954
51,587
57.3
49,165
54.7
646
48,519
2,422
4.7
38,367

90,072
51,998
57.7
49,543
55.0
715
48,827
2,455
4.7
38,074

90,153
51,821
57.5
49,514
54.9
666
48,849
2,306
4.5
38,332

90,242
51,851
57.5
49,484
54.8
664
48,819
2,367
4.6
38,391

90,318
51,992
57.6
49,544
54.9
615
48,929
2,448
4.7
38,326

90,432
52,171
57.7
49,690
54.9
628
49,062
2,480
4.8
38,261

90,526
52,231
57.7
49,661
54.9
610
49,051
2,570
4.9
38,295

90,607
52,463
57.9
49,850
55.0
627
49,223
2,613
5.0
38,144

90,684
52,373
57.8
49,905
55.0
644
49,261
2,468
4.7
38,311

90,771
52,443
57.8
50,089
55.2
701
49,388
2,353
4.5
38,328

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

14,477 14,456 14,433 14,447 14,410 14,367 14,323 14,293 14,224 14,211 14,196 14,160 14,166
8,109
7,871
7,876
7,837 8,003
7,936 8,040
7,957 7,974 8,071
7,975
7,856 7,958
55.2
56.0
55.6
56.5
56.6
55.8
55.7
54.8
56.0
55.2
55.1
54.9
55.2
6,856 6,781
6,835 6,795 6,748 6,703 6,783 6,812
6,726 6,786 6,687 6,840 6,683
47.4
46.7
47.0
47.4
47.2
47.1
47.8
47.4
46.8
46.9
48.3
47.3
47.7
237
307
255
289
216
249
285
283
300
230
200
237
224
6,466 6,559 6,575 6,526 6,556 6,438 6,540 6,467
6,567 6,498 6,550 6,540 6,441
1,168
1,323
1,179
1,253
1,193
1,122
1,194
1,254
1,073
1,150
1,163
1,210
1,146
15.5
14.8
16.4
14.8
14.1
15.1
14.7
15.6
13.7
15.0
14.5
15.2
14.4
6,368 6,481
6,476 6,473 6,339 6,496 6,467 6,335 6,288 6,171
6,290
6,359 6,157

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

38




NOTE: The corrected May 1989 seasonal adjustment factor for
unemployed men, 20 years and over is .962.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1989

1988
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept,

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

158,422 158,524 158,603 158,705 158,865 158,947 159,020 159,098 159,200 159,297 159,400 159,470 159,549
105,036 105,051 105,395 105,411 106,106 105,798 105,988 106,312 106,164 106,455 106,424 106,446 106,325
66.8
66.8
66.8
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.6
66.8
66.4
66.5
66.3
66.3
66.6
100,058 100,199 100,543 100,567 101,183 101,278 101,554 101,458 101,465 101,693 101,581 101,670 101,535
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.7
63.8
63.9
63.7
63.7
63.4
63.4
63.2
63.2
63.6
4,434 4,854 4,699 4,762 4,843 4,777 4,791
4,978 4,852 4,852 4,844 4,923 4,521
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,839 54,861 54,922 54,898 55,213 55,308 55,382 55,448 55,249 55,557 55,437 55,377 55,413
78.3
78.3
78.4
78.7
78.3
78.7
78.6
78.6
78.5
78.2
78.3
78.3
78.3
52,579 52,612 52,624 52,636 53,007 53,197 53,387 53,246 53,248 53,500 53,343 53,282 53,097
75.4
75.0
75.3
75.5
75.8
75.5
75.5
75.8
75.6
75.0
75.0
75.1
75.1
2,057 2,094 2,095 2,316
2,205 2,111
2,260 2,249
2,202 2,001
1,995
2,298 2,262
4.2
3.8
3.7
3.6
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.0
3.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,191 43,298 43,625 43,644 43,936 43,770 43,780 44,016 44,084 44,050 44,302 44,169 44,192
57.2
57.4
57.1
56.9
56.9
57.2
56.9
56.9
56.5
56.4
57.2
57.2
57.2
41,413 41,583 41,889 41,930 42,201 42,177 42,115 42,207 42,282 42,236 42,411 42,372 42,527
54.7
54.8
54.9
54.6
54.6
54.2
54.1
55.0
54.9
55.0
54.8
54.9
54.8
1,665
1,593
1,734
1,714
1,736
1,715
1,778
1,665
1,798
1,891
1,814
1,803
1,810
3.8
3.6
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.1
3.8
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

7,006
59.4
6,066
51.4
940
13.4
14.5
12.3

6,892
58.5
6,004
51.0
888
12.9
14.4
11.3

6,848
58.3
6,030
51.3
818
11.9
12.6
11.3

6,869
58.6
6,001
51.2
868
12.6
13.4
11.8

6,958
59.6
5,975
51.1
983
14.1
16.4
11.7

6,720
57.7
5,904
50.7
816
12.1
14.0
10.2

6,826
58.7
6,052
52.1
774
11.3
12.3
10.2

6,848
59.0
6,005
51.8
843
12.3
13.1
11.5

6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1
14.8
11.2

6,848
59.2
5,957
51.5
891
13.0
13.4
12.6

6,685
57.9
5,827
50.5
858
12.8
12.4
13.4

6,900
60.0
6,016
52.3
884
12.8
12.9
12.7

6,720
58.6
5,910
51.6
810
12.1
13.3
10.8

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,762 20,786 20,811 20,842 20,877 20,905 20,930 20,956 20,986 21,012 21,038 21,060 21,085
13,201 13,290 13,330 13,405 13,477 13,476 13,425 13,287 13,444 13,600 13,555 13,448 13,515
64.1
63.9
64.4
64.7
64.1
63.4
64.1
64.5
64.6
64.1
63.9
63.6
64.3
11,758 11,807 11,831 11,856 11,860 11,873 11,961 11,846 11,968 11,982 12,082 11,958 11,940
56.6
56.8
57.4
57.0
57.0
56.5
57.1
56.8
56.6
56.8
56.8
56.9
56.8
1,476
1,442
1,464
1,574
1,490
1,473
1,618
1,483
1,443
1,603
1,617
1,549
1,499
11.0
10.8
10.9
11.6
11.1
10.9
11.9
11.2
10.9
12.0
11.9
11.6
11.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,117
74.2
5,563
67.5
554
9.1

6,157
74.6
5,566
67.4
591
9.6

6,146
74.3
5,545
67.1
601
9.8

6,179
74.6
5,561
67.1
618
10.0

6,226
75.0
5,576
67.2
650
10.4

6,199
74.6
5,549
66.7
650
10.5

6,230
74.8
5,620
67.5
611
9.8

6,171
74.0
5,554
66.6
617
10.0

6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
586
9.4

6,200
74.1
5,619
67.2
581
9.4

6,205
74.1
5,629
67.2
576
9.3

6,189
73.8
5,580
66.6
609
9.8

6,247
74.7
5,620
67.2
627
10.0

6,174
59.8
5,575
54.0
599
9.7

6,234
60.2
5,620
54.3
614
9.8

6,280
60.6
5,663
54.6
617
9.8

6,316
60.9
5,654
54.5
662
10.5

6,369
61.2
5,706
54.9
663
10.4

6,349
61.0
5,697
54.7
651
10.3

6,315
60.5
5,739
55.0
576
9.1

6,227
59.6
5,677
54.3
550
8.8

6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9
600
9.5

6,405
61.2
5,732
54.7
674
10.5

6,394
61.0
5,759
54.9
635
9.9

6,359
60.5
5,762
54.9
597
9.4

6,356
60.4
5,748
54.6
607
9.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1988
Sept.

Oct.

1989

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

910
41.7
620
28.4
290
31.9
31.9
31.9

904
41.5
623
28.6
281
31.1
32.1
29.9

899
41.2
621
28.5
278
30.9
32.8
28.6

910
41.7
641
29.4
269
29.6
29.8
29.3

881
40.5
577
26.5
304
34.5
36.7
32.0

928
42.7
627
28.8
301
32.4
33.1
31.6

880
40.5
602
27.7
278
31.6
28.6
34.8

889
40.9
615
28.3
274
30.8
35.5
26.2

897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4

994
45.7
631
29.0
363
36.5
33.5
40.2

956
44.0
694
31.9
262
27.4
22.1
33.1

900
41.4
616
28.3
284
31.6
30.0
33.4

912
41.5
572
26.0
340
37.3
34.1
40.3

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,419 13,458 13,495 13,533 13,564 13,606 13,649 13,690 13,731 13,772 13,813 13,853 13,894
9,061 9,075 9,148 9,133 9,205 9,219 9,210 9,262 9,428 9,272 9,433 9,364 9,326
67.4
67.7
67.5
67.5
67.8
67.5
67.3
68.7
67.8
67.9
67.1
67.6
68.3
8,434 8,596 8,607 8,495 8,686 8,524 8,587 8,521
8,378 8,368 8,419 8,441
8,550
62.4
62.4
62.4
63.1
63.2
62.2
62.2
62.2
61.9
63.3
62.1
61.5
61.5
771
692
729
707
683
748
767
603
624
843
742
776
846
7.6
8.0
7.8
7.5
8.1
8.3
6.5
6.8
8.4
9.0
7.9
8.3
9.0

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-35. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Category
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597 117,456
40,513 40,504 40,407 40,483 40,925 40,928 41,083 40,890 40,902 41,102 41,089 40,636 40,572
28,836 28,890 28,995 29,053 29,589 29,412 29,569 29,656 29,739 29,481 29,552 29,220 29,461
6,403 6,456 6,342 6,437
6,253 6,344 6,375 6,399 6,416 6,385 6,256 6,243 6,331

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,612
1,421
137

1,661
1,405
177

1,672
1,450
125

1,698
1,349
149

1,684
1,387
189

1,645
1,419
150

1,656
1,403
138

1,554
1,419
124

1,610
1,358
127

1,550
1,412
126

1,695
1,434
126

1,803
1,420
137

1,671
1,441
135

103,501
17,145
86,356
1,119
85,237
8,570
230

103,733
17,240
86,493
1,152
85,341
8,479
232

103,770
17,387
86,383
1,209
85,174
8,619
300

103,904
17,423
86,481
1,210
85,271
8,602
266

104,510
17,393
87,117
1,196
85,921
8,718
298

104,797
17,311
87,486
1,135
86,350
8,517
285

104,982
17,382
87,600
1,163
86,437
8,645
332

104,985
17,180
87,806
1,117
86,689
8,671
281

105,245
17,230
88,015
1,128
86,887
8,516
322

105,519
17,261
88,259
1,140
87,118
8,570
241

105,321
17,519
87,803
1,093
86,710
8,606
239

105,259
17,591
87,668
1,146
86,522
8,625
264

105,355
17,619
87,737
1,054
86,682
8,569
296

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,097 4,963 5,061
5,321 5,097 4,981 4,968 5,143 4,837 4,957 4,750 4,785 4,882
2,266 2,220 2,279 2,549 2,302 2,303 2,232 2,373 2,296 2,318 2,311 2,282 2,330
2,389 2,399 2,375 2,410 2,352 2,333 2,393 2,425 2,343 2,289 2,138 2,107 2,171
15,270 15,161 15,446 15,363 15,401 15,126 15,561 15,498 15,316 15,416 15,652 15,614 15,542

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,862 4,727 4,819 5,033 4,837 4,697 4,709 4,930 4,609 4,801 4,505 4,553 4,612
2,102 2,095 2,116 2,377 2,144 2,105 2,048 2,243 2,102 2,190 2,185 2,129 2,174
2,236 2,057 2,024 2,090
2,317 2,319 2,288 2,307 2,283 2,272 2,317 2,369 2,301
14,819 14,679 14,986 14,928 14,970 14,688 15,127 15,060 14,976 14,977 15,219 15,094 15,109

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey

40




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Sex and age
Sept.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

115,370 115,573 115,947 116,009 116,711 116,853 117,136 117,113 117,215 117,541 117,459 117,597 117,456

20,050 19,930 19,877 19,852
6,856 6,781 6,835 6,795
2,669 2,689 2,770 2,686
4,195 4,090 4,045 4,150
13,194 13,149 13,042 13,057
95,332 95,619 96,062 96,151
80,697 80,950 81,242 81,399
14,664 14,690 14,790 14,771

19,741 19,797
6,748 6,703
2,602 2,563
4,125 4,163
12,993 13,095
96,988 97,020
82,036 82,160
14,924 14,803

19,899 19,784 19,959
6,812 6,726 6,786
2,639 2,593 2,526
4,177 4,123 4,221
13,088 13,059 13,173
97,167 97,384 97,602
82,204 82,436 82,721
14,933 14,928 14,948 14,863

19,996
6,783
2,639
4,186
13,213
97,125
82,165

19,796 19,877 19,457
6,687

6,840

6,683

2,439 2,563 2,560
4,244 4,245 4,138
13,109 13,038 12,774
97,740 97,758 98,010
82,852 83,066 83,178
14,912 14,727 14,830

63,475 63,450 63,532 63,521 63,790 64,051 64,399 64,246 64,202 64,609 64,462 64,415 64,070

10,401 10,303 10,379 10,288 10,198 10,377 10,530 10,385 10,243 10,412 10,303 10,301 10,015
3,496 3,446 3,533 3,472 3,370 3,415 3,530 3,489 3,403 3,515 3,540 3,562 3,386
1,397 1,404 1,433 1,385 1,270 1,298 1,377 1,338 1,304 1,296 1,273 1,379 1,260
2,106 2,040 2,105 2,135 2,088 2,134 2,179 2,149 2,089 2,206 2,264 2,163 2,134
6,905 6,857 6,846 6,816 6,828 6,962 7,000 6,896 6,839 6,897 6,763 6,739 6,628
53,072 53,136 53,152 53,227 53,573 53,659 53,897 53,842 53,949 54,222 54,208 54,155 54,079
44,577 44,669 44,712 44,779 45,001 45,091 45,278 45,163 45,398 45,619 45,644 45,725 45,646
8,502 8,482 8,436 8,470 8,563 8,536 8,603 8,643 8,543 8,589 8,605 8,430 8,427
51,895 52,123 52,415 52,488 52,921 52,802 52,737 52,866 53,013 52,932 52,997 53,183 53,386
9,649 9,627 9,498 9,564 9,543 9,420 9,466 9,515 9,541 9,547 9,493 9,576 9,443
3,360 3,335 3,302 3,323 3,378 3,287 3,253 3,323 3,322 3,271 3,147 3,278 3,297
1,272 1,285 1,337 1,301 1,332 1,265 1,262 1,301 1,289 1,230 1,166 1,184 1,300
2,089 2,050 1,940 2,015 2,037 2,029 2,007 2,028 2,034 2,015 1,980 2,082 2,004
6,289 6,292 6,196 6,241 6,165 6,133 6,213 6,192 6,219 6,276 6,346 6,298 6,146
42,260 42,483 42,910 42,924 43,415 43,361 43,228 43,325 43,434 43,379 43,533 43,603 43,931
36,120 36,281 36,530 36,620 37,035 37,069 36,886 37,042 37,039 37,102 37,208 37,341 37,533
6,162 6,208 6,354 6,301 6,361 6,267 6,331 6,285 6,404 6,274 6,306 6,297 6,403

A-37. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1988

1989

Sex and age
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

6,614

6,518

6,563

6,554

6,716

6,328

6,128

6,546

6,395

2,457
1,253
650
615
1,204
4,179
3,733
436

2,429
1,194
559
629
1,235
4,061
3,651
419

2,363
1,122
520
599
1,241
4,193
3,739
433

2,421
1,179
535
637
1,242
4,125
3,687
457

2,663
1,323
581
751
1,340
4,101
3,632
474

2,316
1,168
572
605
1,148
4,026
3,559
466

2,182
1,073
477
597
1,109
3,921
3,542
396

2,344
1,146
463
667
1,198
4,191
3,761
451

3,589

3,593

3,612

3,583

3,710

3,540

3,270

1,329
684
367
329
645
2,270
2,014
255

1,376
682
318
360
694
2,195
1,946
266

1,274
616
300
314
658
2,331
2,050
275

1,280
630
290
333
650
2,296
1,999
286

1,494
772
330
455
722
2,245
1,986
269

1,302
687
317
379
615
2,246
1,943
303

1,128
582
258
330
546
2,136
1,890
246

3,025

2,925

2,951

2,971

3,006

2,787

1,128
569
283
286
559
1,909
1,719
181

1,053
512
241
269
541
1,866
1,705
153

1,089
506
220
285
583
1,862
1,689
158

1,141
549
245
304
592
1,829
1,688
171

1,169
551
251
296
618
1,856
1,646
205

1,014
481
255
226
533
1,780
1,616
164

Sept.
Total, 16 years and over ...

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over




July

Aug.

6,561

6,497

6,421

6,584

2,303
1,210
500
701
1,093
4,074
3,628
453

2,544
1,254
535
737
1,290
4,036
3,503
515

2,381
1,150
529
603
1,231
4,099
3,641
485

2,420
1,163
565
609
1,257
4,031
3,556
468

2,444
1,193
518
683
1,251
4,182
3,698
461

3,593

3,401

3,397

3,284

3,403

3,672

1,238
641
274
368
597
2,344
2,076
283

1,270
696
301
390
574
2,099
1,845
258

1,358
660
323
347
698
2,057
1,768
270

1,196
550
268
270
646
2,095
1,840
274

1,328
613
290
315
715
2,106
1,800
291

1,380
634
311
334
746
2,324
1,992
313

2,858

2,953

2,994

3,164

3,213

3,018

2,912

1,054
491
219
267
563
1,784
1,652
151

1,106
505
189
299
601
1,847
1,685
169

1,034
514
199
311
520
1,975
1,782
195

1,186
594
212
390
592
1,979
1,735
245

1,185
600
261
333
585
2,004
1,801
211

1,092
550
275
294
542
1,925
1,756
178

1,064
559
207
349
505
1,858
1,705
147

June

Sept.

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-38. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1989

1988
Sex and age

Sept.

Total 16 vears and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears
25 years and over
25 to 54 vears
55 vears and over

.

Men 16 years and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears
.
25 vears and over
25 to 54 years
55 vears and over
Women 16 years and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 vears
20 to 24 years
25 vears and over
25 to 54 years
55 vears and over

Oct.

Nov.

Jan.

Dec.

Feb.

Apr.

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

10.9
15.5
19.6
12.8

10.9
15.0
17.2
13.3

10.6
14.1
15.8
12.9

10.9
14.8
16.6
13.3

11.9
16.4
18.3
15.4

10.5
14.8
18.2
12.7

9.8
13.7
15.3
12.5

10.5
14.4
14.9
13.8

10.4
15.2
16.2
14.5

11.3
15.6
17.5
14.9

10.7
14.7
17.8
12.4

10.9
14.5
18.1
12.5

11.2
15.1
16.8
14.2

8.4
4.2
4.4

8.6
4.1
4.3

8.7
4.2
4.4

8.7
4.1
4.3

9.3
4.1
4.2

8.1
4.0
4.2

7.7
3.9
4.1

8.4
4.1
4.4

7.7
4.0
4.2

8.9
4.0
4.1

8.6
4.0
4.2

8.8
4.0
4.1

2.9

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.1

3.1

2.6

2.9

2.9

3.3

3.1

3.1

8.9
4.1
4.3
3.0

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.5

5.2

4.8

5.3

5.0

5.0

4.8

5.0

5.4

11.3
16.4
20.8
13.5

11.8
16.5
18.5
15.0

10.9
14.8
17.3
13.0

11.1
15.4
17.3
13.5

12.8
18.6
20.6
17.9

11.1
16.7
19.6
15.1

9.7
14.2
15.8
13.2

10.7
15.5
17.0
14.6

11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7

11.5
15.8
20.0
13.6

10.4
13.4
17.4
10.7

11.4
14.7
17.4
12.7

8.5

9.2

8.8

8.7

9.6

8.1

7.2

8.0

7.7

9.2

8.7

9.6

12.1
15.8
19.8
13.5
10.1

4.1
4.3
2.9

4.0
4.2
3.0

4.2
4.4
3.2

4.1
4.3
3.3

4.0
4.2
3.0

4.0
4.1
3.4

3.8
4.0
2.8

4.2
4.4
3.2

3.7
3.9
2.9

3.7
3.7
3.0

3.7
3.9
3.1

3.7
3.8
3.3

4.1
4.2
3.6

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.3

5.6

5.7

5.4

5.2

10.5
14.5
18.2
12.0

9.9
13.3
15.8
11.6

10.3
13.3
14.1
12.8

10.7
14.2
15.8
13.1

10.9
14.0
15.9
12.7

9.7
12.8
16.8
10.0

10.0
13.1
14.8
11.7

10.4
13.2
12.7
12.8

9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3

11.0
15.4
14.7
16.2

11.1
16.0
18.3
14.4

10.2
14.4
18.8
12.4

10.1
14.5
13.7
14.8

8.2

7.9

8.6

8.7

9.1

8.0

8.3

8.9

7.7

8.6

8.4

7.9

4.3
4.5

4.2
4.5

4.2
4.4

4.1
4.4

4.1
4.3

3.9
4.2

4.0
4.3

4.1
4.4

4.4
4.6

4.4
4.5

4.4
4.6

4.2
4.5

2.9

2.4

2.4

2.6

3.1

2.5

2.3

2.6

3.0

3.8

3.2

2.7

7.6
4.1
4.3
2.2

A-39. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1988

1989

Category
Sept. Oct.

Nov. Dec,

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug. Sept.

5.4
4.6
4.8
15.5

5.3
4.6
4.7
15.0

5.4
4.8
4.7
14.1

5.3
4.7
4.7
14.8

5.4
4.6
4.7
16.4

5.1
4.5
4.5
14.8

5.0
4.2
4.6
13.7

5.3
4.6
4.7
14.4

5.2
4.3
4.8
15.2

5.3
4.3
4.9
15.6

5.2
4.3
5.0
14.7

5.2
4.4
4.7
14.5

15.1

4.7
9.5
10.9
7.5

4.6
9.8
11.2
7.8

4.6
10.0
11.2
8.0

4.6
10.0
11.6
7.6

4.6
10.6
12.0
8.4

4.3
10.6
11.9
6.8

4.2
9.8
10.9
6.5

4.6
9.6
10.8
8.3

4.4
9.5
11.0
7.9

4.5
10.3
11.9
8.1

4.6
9.6
10.9
9.0

4.5
9.5
11.1
9.0

4.5
10.1
11.6
8.3

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

3.1
3.8
8.1

3.1
3.7
7.9

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.1
3.7
8.2

3.1
3.6
8.0

3.1
3.4
8.0

2.9
3.5
7.9

3.2
4.0
7.6

2.9
3.8
8.3

2.8
3.8
7.9

2.9
3.8
8.7

3.1
3.9
8.0

3.4
3.8
7.6

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5.1
7.4
1.3
6.3

5.0
7.4
1.3
6.1

5.0
7.1
1.2
6.2

5.1
7.0
1.2
6.3

5.0
7.9
1.2
6.2

4.8
7.3
1.1
5.9

4.8
6.2
1.1
5.8

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.0

4.8
6.9
1.1
5.9

4.8
7.7
1.0
6.1

7.2
1.2
6.0

4.9
6.9
1.1
5.9

5.0
7.3
1.1
5.9

5.4
6.4
8.6
9.6
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.7
10.8

5.4
6.4
8.8
10.0
5.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.6
10.2

5.5
6.4
8.9
10.6
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.0
6.2
4.6
2.5
9.3

5.4
6.4
7.7
10.4
5.2
5.0
5.5
4.9
3.8
6.3
4.1
2.7
8.8

5.6
6.4
6.1
10.4
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.7
2.7
9.5

5.1
6.1
8.0
10.0
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
5.6
4.3
2.7
8.9

5.0
5.8
7.0
9.4
4.8
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.9

5.4
6.0
5.6
9.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.9
4.8
2.7
10.5

5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3

5.3
6.2
3.7
10.0
5.2
4.6
6.1
4.9
4.4
6.0
4.3
3.0
11.0

5.4
6.2
5.5
10.5
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.2
6.2
4.4
2.8
8.5

5.4
6.4
6.5
10.3
5.2
4.8
5.9
4.9
3.6
6.0
4.4
2.7
8.6

5.4
6.3
8.5
10.4
5.1
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.7
5.8
4.5
2.8
7.7

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

5.3
4.8
4.5

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time

42




for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1988

1989

Weeks of unemployment
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

3,116
1,896
1,568
775
793

3,059
1,835
1,554
788
766

3,117
1,935
1,502
787
715

3,029
2,039
1,495
758
737

3,181
2,081
1,512
757
755

3,247
1,865
1,304
665
639

3,055
1,821
1,310
648
663

3,090
2,034
1,426
689
737

3,041
2,017
1,313
702
611

3,309
1,999
1,258
659
599

3,149
1,927
1,472
846
626

3,071
2,011
1,305
737
567

3,156
2,036
1,370
789
581

13.5
5.7

13.4
5.7

12.6
5.6

12.8
5.8

12.7
5.7

12.1
5.3

12.4
5.4

12.7
5.4

11.8
5.3

11.1
5.5

12.0
5.6

11.3
5.0

11.4
5.0

100.0
47.4
28.8
23.8
11.8
12.1

100.0
47.4
28.5
24.1
12.2
11.9

100.0
47.6
29.5
22.9
12.0
10.9

100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
11.5
11.2

100.0
47.0
30.7
22.3
11.2
11.1

100.0
50.6
29.1
20.3
10.4
10.0

100.0
49.4
29.4
21.2
10.5
10.7

100.0
47.2
31.1
21.8
10.5
11.3

100.0
47.7
31.7
20.6
11.0
9.6

100.0
50.4
30.4
19.2
10.0
9.1

100.0
48.1
29.4
22.5
12.9
9.6

100.0
48.1
31.5
20.4
11.5
8.9

100.0
48.1
31.0
20.9
12.0
8.8

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

A-41. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989

1988
Reasons for unemployment
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

3,079
833
2,246
985
1,767
761

2,951
844
2,107
984
1,747
747

3,031
814
2,217
963
1,766
799

3,066
819
2,247
998
1,725
799

3,121
827
2,294
985
1,835
780

2,876
774
2,102
985
1,740
765

2,831
808
2,023
885
1,730
713

2,984
847
2,137
978
1,894
671

2,724
790
1,934
1,114
1,852
683

2,765
806
1,958
1,023
2,051
742

2,920
822
2,097
1,010
1,934
724

2,984
873
2,111
1,040
1,768
628

2,915
828
2,087
1,039
1,946
629

100.0
46.7
12.6
34.1
14.9
26.8
11.5

100.0
45.9
13.1
32.8
15.3
27.2
11.6

100.0
46.2
12.4
33.8
14.7
26.9
12.2

100.0
46.5
12.4
34.1
15.1
26.2
12.1

100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
14.7
27.3
11.6

100.0
45.2
12.2
33.0
15.5
27.3
12.0

100.0
46.0
13.1
32.8
14.4
28.1
11.6

100.0
45.7
13.0
32.7
15.0
29.0
10.3

100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7

100.0
42.0
12.3
29.8
15.5
31.2
11.3

100.0
44.3
12.5
31.8
15.3
29.4
11.0

100.0
46.5
13.6
32.9
16.2
27.5
9.8

100.0
44.6
12.7
32.0
15.9
29.8
9.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.3
.8
1.4
.6

2.3
.7
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.2
.8
1.7
.6

2.4
.8
1.6
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.5

2.4
.8
1.6
.5

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other iob losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

.

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other iob losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-42. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, including Armed forces stationed in the United States, by sex,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1986

1988

1987

1989

Employment status and sex
IV

IV

IV

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

182,530
119,900
65.7
111,662
61.2
1,695
109,967
3,134
106,833
8,238
6.9
62,630

183,115
120,298
65.7
112,178
61.3
1,750
110,428
3,163
107,264
8,120
6.8
62,817

183,743 184,253
120,826 121,441
65.8
65.9
112,974 113,926
61.5
61.8
1,741 1,726
111,233 112,200
3,191 3,263
108,042 108,937
7,852 7,514
6.2
6.5
62,917 62,813

184,749 185,216
121,779 122,301
65.9
66.0
114,576 115,224
62.0
62.2
1,733 1,749
112,843 113,475
3,186 3,193
109,657 110,282
7,203 7,077
5.9
5.8
62,970 62,915

185,707
122,786
66.1
115,893
62.4
1,740
114,152
3,212
110,940
6,893
5.6
62,922

186,099
123,062
66.1
116,398
62.5
1,710
114,688
3,139
111,549
6,664
5.4
63,037

186,530
123,570
66.2
116,892
62.7
1,690
115,202
3,126
112,076
6,678
5.4
62,959

186,949
124,084
66.4
117,539
62.9
1,696
115,843
3,223
112,620
6,545
5.3
62,865

187,461
124,979
66.7
118,588
63.3
1,688
116,900
3,243
113,657
6,391
5.1
62,482

187,852
125,464
66.8
118,964
63.3
1,674
117,289
3,104
114,185
6,501
5.2
62,388

188,288
125,690
66.8
119,189
63.3
1,685
117,504
3,261
114,243
6,501
5.2
62,597

Men
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

87,463 87,775 88,101 88,358 88,605 88,843 89,100 89,293 89,509 89,715
67,036 67,322 67,608 67,711 67,765 68,005 68,234 68,436 68,583 68,631
76.6
76.6
76.5
76.6
76.5
76.6
76.7
76.7
76.5
76.6
62,459 62,796 63,249 63,503 63,815 64,168 64,475 64,811 64,962 65,035
72.5
72.6
72.6
72.4
72.2
72.0
71.9
71.8
71.5
71.4
1,540 1,592 1,583 1,567 1,572 1,587 1,579 1,548 1,527 1,534
60,920 61,204 61,666 61,937 62,243 62,581 62,895 63,262 63,435 63,501
4,577 4,526 4,358 4,208 3,950 3,837 3,759 3,625 3,621 3,596
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.6
6.2
6.4
6.7
5.2
5.8
6.8
20,426 20,453 20,494 20,647 20,840 20,839 20,866 20,858 20,926 21,084

89,973 90,166 90,385
69,112 69,327 69,284
76.7
76.9
76.8
65,605 65,863 65,831
72.8
73.0
72.9
1,525 1,511 1,516
64,080 64,352 64,315
3,507 3,464 3,453
5.0
5.0
5.1
20,861 20,839 21,101

Women
Noninstitutional population1
Labor force1
Percent of population2
Total employed1
Employment-population ratio3
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate4
Not in labor force

95,067 95,341 95,642 95,896
52,864 52,976 53,219 53,730
56.0
55.6
55.6
55.6
49,202 49,382 49,725 50,423
52.0
51.8
51.8
52.6
158
158
155
160
49,047 49,224 49,567 50,263
3,661 3,594 3,494 3,307
6.6
6.9
6.8
6.2
42,204 42,365 42,423 42,166

1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
2
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
3
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident

44




96,144 96,372 96,608 96,806
54,014 54,296 54,552 54,626
56.4
56.5
56.3
56.2
50,760 51,056 51,418 51,588
53.3
53.2
53.0
52.8
162
161
161
161
50,600 50,894 51,257 51,426
3,134 3,039
3,253 3,241
5.6
5.7
6.0
6.0
42,130 42,076 42,056 42,180

97,022 97,234 97,488 97,686
54,987 55,453 55,867 56,137
56.7
57.5
57.3
57.0
51,930 52,504 52,983 53,100
53.5
54.4
54.3
54.0
163
163
163
162
51,767 52,342 52,820 52,937
3,057 2,949 2,884 3,037
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.3
42,035 41,781 41,621 41,549

97,903
56,405
57.6
53,358
54.5
169
53,189
3,048
5.4
41,498

Armed Forces).
NOTE: The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in
tables A-42 through A-53 will not necessarily add to totals because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-43.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1986

1987

1988

IV

IV

1989

IV

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

180,835 181,365 182,002 182,527 183,016 183,467 183,967 184,389 184,840 185,253 185,773 186,178 186,602
118,205 118,548 119,085 119,714 120,046 120,552 121,045 121,352 121,881 122,388 123,291 123,790 124,005
65.6
65.4
66.5
66.5
65.9
65.8
65.8
65.6
65.4
65.4
66.4
66.1
65.7
109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843 116,900 117,289 117,504
61.5
60.9
63.0
63.0
62.3
62.2
61.7
61.1
62.9
62.5
62.1
61.9
60.8
8,238 8,120 7,852 7,514 7,203 7,077 6,893 6,664 6,678 6,545 6,391 6,501 6,501
6.3
6.8
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
6.0
6.6
7.0
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

78,647
61,364
78.0
57,575
73.2
2,252
55,323
3,789
6.2
17,283

78,883
61,670
78.2
57,885
73.4
2,297
55,589
3,785
6.1
17,213

79,217
61,908
78.1
58,316
73.6
2,316
56,000
3,592
5.8
17,309

79,466
62,068
78.1
58,613
73.8
2,386
56,227
3,455
5.6
17,398

79,678
62,083
77.9
58,828
73.8
2,314
56,514
3,255
5.2
17,595

79,898
62,270
77.9
59,147
74.0
2,298
56,849
3,123
5.0
17,628

80,194
62,522
78.0
59,448
74.1
2,280
57,168
3,074
4.9
17,672

80,418
62,721
78.0
59,756
74.3
2,243
57,514
2,965
4.7
17,697

80,676
62,843
77.9
59,905
74.3
2,258
57,647
2,938
4.7
17,833

80,925
62,971
77.8
60,017
74.2
2,307
57,711
2,953
4.7
17,954

81,251
63,468
78.1
60,642
74.6
2,305
58,337
2,827
4.5
17,783

81,510
63,681
78.1
60,883
74.7
2,264
58,619
2,798
4.4
17,829

81,741
63,673
77.9
60,819
74.4
2,348
58,471
2,854
4.5
18,068

87,699
48,921
55.8
45,916
52.4
628
45,288
3,005
6.1
38,778

87,935
48,993
55.7
46,062
52.4
622
45,440
2,931
6.0
38,942

88,236
49,255
55.8
46,403
52.6
611
45,791
2,852
5.8
38,981

88,468
49,688
56.2
46,986
53.1
615
46,371
2,702
5.4
38,780

88,701
49,962
56.3
47,295
53.3
622
46,673
2,667
5.3
38,739

88,925
50,214
56.5
47,605
53.5
635
46,970
2,609
5.2
38,711

89,183
50,501
56.6
47,963
53.8
639
47,323
2,538
5.0
38,682

89,397
50,604
56.6
48,122
53.8
628
47,494
2,483
4.9
38,793

89,664
50,919
56.8
48,423
54.0
599
47,824
2,496
4.9
38,745

89,883
51,449
57.2
49,022
54.5
642
48,380
2,427
4.7
38,434

90,155
51,890
57.6
49,514
54.9
682
48,832
2,376
4.6
38,265

90,425
52,131
57.7
49,632
54.9
618
49,014
2,499
4.8
38,294

90,685
52,426
57.8
49,948
55.1
657
49,291
2,478
4.7
38,259

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,489 14,547 14,548 14,593 14,638 14,644 14,590 14,574 14,500 14,445 14,367 14,243 14,177
7,920 7,885 7,922 7,959 8,001 8,069 8,022 8,026 8,119 7,969 7,933 7,978 7,905
54.7
56.0
55.1
54.5
54.2
54.7
56.0
55.2
55.2
55.1
55.0
54.5
55.8
6,476 6,481 6,514 6,601 6,720 6,723 6,742 6,810 6,874 6,804 6,745 6,774 6,737
47.4
47.1
45.9
45.2
44.8
44.5
44.7
47.5
47.6
46.9
46.7
46.2
45.9
255
222
256
274
269
249
263
245
254
269
293
260
263
6,222 6,236 6,251 6,339 6,470 6,463 6,448 6,541 6,605 6,529 6,489 6,552 6,482
1,444 1,404 1,408 1,358 1,281 1,345 1,281 1,216 1,244 1,165 1,188 1,203 1,169
16.0
17.1
18.2
15.3
15.2
16.0
16.7
17.8
15.1
15.0
14.6
17.8
14.8
6,569 6,662 6,626 6,634 6,637 6,575 6,568 6,548 6,381 6,476 6,434 6,265 6,272

T h e population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.

45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1986

1987

1988

1989

IV

IV

IV

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

155,609 155,982 156,435 156,806 157,145 157,448 157,772 158,048 158,347 158,611 158,944 159,198 159,473
102,135 102,413 102,735 103,224 103,386 103,758 104,255 104,555 104,900 105,286 105,964 106,310 106,399
66.7
66.8
66.7
66.4
66.2
66.2
66.1
65.9
65.8
65.8
65.7
65.7
65.6
96,027 96,345 96,900 97,642 98,084 98,527 99,204 99,691 99,909 100,436 101,338 101,539 101,595
63.7
63.8
63.8
63.3
63.1
63.1
62.9
62.6
62.4
62.3
61.8
61.9
61.7
6,109 6,067 5,835 5,581 5,302 5,231 5,050 4,864 4,991 4,849 4,626 4,772 4,804
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.9
5.7
6.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

53,691 53,959 54,120 54,205 54,191 54,365 54,546 54,678 54,805 54,894 55,301 55,418 55,409
78.3
78.5
78.6
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.3
78.2
78.5
78.5
78.6
78.4
50,832 51,068 51,350 51,570 51,718 51,956 52,231 52,465 52,541 52,624 53,197 53,331 53,241
75.3
75.6
75.6
75.0
75.1
75.2
75.0
74.8
74.7
74.6
74.5
74.4
74.2
2,859 2,891 2,770 2,635 2,473 2,409 2,315 2,212 2,264 2,270 2,104 2,087 2,168
3.8
4.1
3.9
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.2
4.6
5.1
5.4
4.9
5.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

41,586 41,577 41,734 42,113 42,327 42,474 42,764 42,926 43,099 43,522 43,829 44,050 44,221
57.2
57.0
56.7
57.3
56.3
56.2
56.1
55.8
55.7
55.6
55.2
55.1
55.3
39,401 39,465 39,712 40,181 40,446 40,626 40,967 41,186 41,305 41,801 42,164 42,241 42,437
54.9
54.8
54.8
54.5
54.0
53.4
53.3
53.9
53.7
53.0
52.5
52.3
52.4
2,185 2,112 2,022 1,932 1,881 1,848 1,797 1,740 1,794 1,722 1,664 1,809 1,785
4.0
4.1
3.8
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.1
5.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,858
57.7

5,793
48.8
1,065
15.5
16.2
14.8

6,876
57.8
5,812
48.9
1,065
15.5
16.0
15.0

6,882
57.7
5,838
49.0
1,043
15.2
16.3
13.9

6,905
57.8
5,891
49.3
1,014
14.7
16.2
13.1

6,868
57.4
5,920
49.5
948
13.8
14.4
13.1

6,918
58.0
5,944
49.8
974
14.1
14.9
13.2

6,945
58.4
6,006
50.5
938
13.5
14.2
12.8

6,952
58.5
6,040
50.9
912
13.1
13.9
12.3

6,996
59.1
6,063
51.2
933
13.3
14.2
12.4

6,870
58.5

6,012
51.2
858
12.5
13.4
11.5

6,835
58.6
5,977
51.3
858
12.5
14.2
10.7

6,842
59.1
5,966
51.5
876
12.8
13.8
11.8

6,768
58.9
5,918
51.5
851
12.6
12.8
12.3

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

20,028 20,120 20,218 20,310 20,398 20,481 20,568 20,651 20,737 20,813 20,904 20,985 21,061
12,600 12,709 12,836 12,883 13,076 13,167 13,137 13,090 13,240 13,342 13,459 13,444 13,506
64.1
64.4
64.1
64.1
63.8
63.4
63.9
64.3
64.1
63.4
63.5
63.2
62.9
10,751 10,893 11,053 11,201 11,426 11,546 11,512 11,530 11,751 11,831 11,898 11,932 11,994
56.9
56.9
56.9
56.7
56.8
56.4
54.7
54.1
55.8
56.0
56.0
55.1
53.7
1,849 1,816 1,783 1,682 1,650 1,621 1,626 1,559 1,489 1,510 1,561 1,512 1,512
11.2
11.2
11.6
11.3
11.2
11.9
12.4
12.3
12.6
13.9
14.3
14.7
13.1

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,904
74.5
5,116
64.6
788
13.3

5,962
74.9
5,196
65.3
766
12.8

5,979
74.7
5,278
65.9
702
11.7

6,007
74.7
5,322
66.1
685
11.4

6,053
74.9
5,397
66.8
656
10.8

6,050
74.5
5,431
66.9
619
10.2

6,117
75.0
5,461
66.9
656
10.7

6,114
74.6

5,854
58.7
5,132
51.5
723
12.3

5,902
58.9

5,984
59.5
5,227
52.0
756
12.6

6,007
59.5

6,108
60.2
5,402
53.2
706
11.6

6,180
60.6
5,499
54.0
681
11.0

6,161
60.2
5,497
53.7
663
10.8

5,486
66.9
628
10.3

6,109
74.2
5,532
67.2
577
9.4

6,161
74.5
5,557
67.2

6,103
59.4
5,449
53.0
654
10.7

6,216
60.2
5,595
54.2
621
10.0

6,277
60.6
5,646
54.5
631
10.1

603
9.8

6,218
74.8
5,582
67.1
637
10.2

6,193
74.2
5,598
67.0
595
9.6

6,214
74.2
5,610
67.0
604
9.7

6,344
60.9

6,324
60.5

5,714

5,716
54.6

6,370
60.6
5,756
54.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.

46




5,161
51.5
741
12.5

5,324
52.7
683
11.4

54.9
630
9.9

608
9.6

613

9.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1987

1986

1988

1989

IV

IV

IV

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

842
39.4
503
23.6
339
40.2
40.4
40.1

844
39.4
535
25.0
309
36.6
37.0
36.2

873
40.6
548
25.5
325
37.2
36.0
38.6

869
40.2
555
25.7
315
36.2
36.3
36.1

915
42.2
627
28.9
288
31.5
32.8
30.0

937
43.1
616
28.4
321
34.2
33.0
35.5

859
39.5
553
25.5
306
35.6
37.4
33.8

873
40.0
595
27.3
278
31.8
31.0
32.8

915
41.9
623
28.5
292
31.9
31.7
32.1

904
41.5
628
28.8
276
30.5
31.6
29.3

896
41.2
602
27.7
294
32.8
32.8
32.8

927
42.6
617
28.4
309
33.4
35.2
31.6

923
42.3
627
28.8
295
32.0
28.5
35.7

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

12,397 12,504 12,692 12,809 12,926 13,043 13,153 13,268 13,382 13,495 13,606 13,731 13,853
8,528 8,724 8,889 8,914
8,252 8,400 8,501
9,375
9,007 9,119
8,172
9,212 9,321
67.7
66.0
66.4
66.2
66.0
67.9
67.7
67.3
67.2
67.6
66.9
65.9
67.6
7,763 7,830 7,981
7,581
7,278 7,418
8,286 8,409 8,546 8,568 8,553
8,127
8,176
60.6
60.6
59.7
59.3
58.7
61.7
61.9
61.3
62.2
61.2
62.4
62.8
62.3
698
738
819
834
894
822
721
787
713
743
752
666
709
8.2
8.7
9.8
10.1
10.9
8.0
8.8
8.0
8.5
8.8
8.1
7.2
7.8

' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-45. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Full- and part- time status, sex,
and age

1986

1987

1988

IV

1989

IV

IV

EMPLOYED

92,009
55,388
54,026
36,611
35,560
2,423

92,576
55,532
54,244
37,046
35,979
2,354

93,886
56,164
54,755
37,729
36,602
2,528

94,527
56,452
55,035
38,014
36,922
2,570

95,069
56,838
55,372
38,271
37,178
2,520

95,345
56,948
55,460
38,453
37,318
2,567

95,866
57,028
55,545
38,852
37,769
2,552

96,723
57,537
56,122
39,120
38,085
2,517

97,102
57,801
56,300
39,327
38,251
2,551

97,540
58,055
56,473
39,576
38,518
2,549

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

90,899
54,744
53,386
36,135
35,123
2,390

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

19,030 19,175 19,246 19,603 19,449 19,632 19,670 19,549 19,771 20,021 20,208 20,121 19,836
6,174 6,286 6,264 6,387 6,346 6,440 6,412 6,399 6,515 6,499 6,504 6,528 6,326
4,185 4,285 4,285 4,362 4,337 4,393 4,410 4,372 4,459 4,471 4,499 4,566 4,350
12,896 12,895 12,949 13,212 13,143 13,194 13,219 13,153 13,293 13,522 13,667 13,597 13,559
10,763 10,731 10,851 11,012 10,926 11,026 11,048 10,949 11,053 11,283 11,439 11,386 11,358
4,082 4,160 4,110 4,229 4,186 4,213 4,212 4,228 4,260 4,268 4,270 4,169 4,127

91,267
54,945
53,609
36,357
35,351
2,307

93,336
55,910
54,501
37,449
36,331
2,504

UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

6,698
3,918
3,533
2,763
2,436
730

6,608
3,890
3,528
2,700
2,394
687

6,348
3,773
3,355
2,583
2,300
693

6,064
3,610
3,223
2,466
2,186
655

5,791
3,405
3,036
2,393
2,130
625

5,658
3,288
2,923
2,390
2,092
642

5,516
3,159
2,860
2,305
2,037
620

5,305
3,089
2,746
2,229
1,982
577

5,333
3,120
2,753
2,232
1,990
590

5,255
3,093
2,739
2,196
1,935
582

5,116
2,914
2,619
2,120
1,898
598

5,160
2,928
2,572
2,247
1,9
600

5,218
2,993
2,673
2,237
1,985
560

Looking for part-time work ...
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,553
641
257
902
575
721

1,514
618
255
902
547
712

1,525
607
249
915
559
717

1,422
591
218
836
505
699

1,415
568
221
848
531
663

1,421
556
198
866
524
699

1,396
563
226
828
508
662

1,331
530
206
811
490
635

1,353
545
188
808
505
661

1,286
518
211
772
494
580

1,293
527
220
758
482
591

1,317
533
215
791
501
600

1,301
509
191
795
494
617

NOTE: Employed persons with a job but not at work and persons at
work part time are distributed according to whether they usually work full

48




or part time; unemployed persons are classified according to whether
they are seeking full- or part-time jobs.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1987

1986

1989

1988

Category
IV

I

II

III

IV

IV

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843 116,900 117,289 117,504
39,698 39,878 40,036 40,087 40,316 40,611 40,471 40,435 40,514 40,465 40,979 40,964 40,766
27,349 27,485 27,793 28,231 28,196 28,228 28,589 28,694 28,771 28,979 29,523 29,625 29,411
6,108
6,173
5,870 5,950 5,936 6,013
6,074 6,234 6,373 6,352 6,325 6,412
6,154

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF
WORKER

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,539
1,433
168
98,572
16,464
82,108
1,257
80,851
7,984
264

1,626
1,406
147

1,622
1,427
150

1,626
1,418
137

1,596
1,377
156

1,597
1,398
148

1,677
1,401
150

1,662
1,403
159

1,571
1,396
126

1,723
1,432
133

98,941 99,668 100,462 101,174 101,781
16,357 16,526 16,722 16,901 17,047
82,584 83,142 83,739 84,273 84,735
1,179
1,216
1,225
1,216
1,193
81,391 81,917 82,523 83,094 83,519
8,210
8,144
8,170
8,274
8,081
267
259
269
245
259

102,417
16,998
85,419
1,160
84,259
8,326
241

102,553
17,002
85,551
1,137
84,414
8,640
290

103,299
17,096
86,203
1,126
85,077
8,536
241

103,802
17,350
86,452
1,190
85,262
8,567
266

104,763
17,362
87,401
1,165
86,236
8,626
305

105,250
17,224
88,026
1,128
86,898
8,586
281

105,312
17,576
87,736
1,098
86,638
8,600
266

1,589
1,419
170

1,638
1,451
162

1,639
1,411
149

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,337 5,353 5,414
5,505 5,628 5,511
5,015 4,979 4,806
5,210
5,352 5,131
5,115
2,339 2,388 2,387 2,402 2,292 2,351
2,457 2,491
2,421
2,349 2,279 2,329 2,308
2,670 2,590 2,486 2,467 2,395 2,359 2,352 2,139
2,733 2,678 2,631
2,723 2,801
13,939 14,043 14,177 14,443 14,451 14,554 14,618 14,791 15,098 15,323 15,363 15,410 15,603

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,271
4,747
4,780
4,979 4,860
5,369 5,227 5,066 5,066 5,136
4,557
4,901
5,100
2,306 2,340 2,230 2,156
2,099 2,179
2,206 2,210
2,245 2,150
2,163
2,202 2,196
2,302 2,057
2,575 2,504 2,402 2,406 2,305 2,291
2,647 2,597 2,551
2,661
2,701
13,525 13,602 13,719 13,953 13,989 14,093 14,163 14,332 14,663 14,864 14,928 15,005 15,141

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey




period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

49

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Employed civilians by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1986

1988

1987

1989

Sex and age
IV
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

IV

109,967 110,428 111,233 112,200 112,843 113,475 114,152 114,688 115,202 115,843 116,900 117,289 117,504
20,209
6,476
2,619
3,826
13,734
89,781
75,392
14,420

20,188
6,481
2,679
3,821
13,707
90,223
75,953
14,278

20,186
6,514
2,696
3,836
13,672
91,068
76,647
14,397

20,149
6,601
2,689
3,906
13,548
92,021
77,551
14,462

20,231
6,720
2,797
3,900
13,512
92,649
78,164
14,519

20,101
6,723
2,758
3,975
13,378
93,355
78,715
14,643

20,150
6,742
2,730
4,015
13,409
94,004
79,379
14,601

20,077
6,810
2,725
4,080
13,267
94,575
79,987
14,576

20,103
6,874
2,680
4,175
13,229
95,152
80,587
14,587

19,886
6,804
2,715
4,095
13,083
95,944
81,197
14,750

19,845
6,745
2,601
4,158
13,100
97,044
82,120
14,887

19,881
6,774
2,586
4,174
13,106
97,384
82,454
14,913

19,710
6,737
2,521
4,209
12,974
97,836
83,032
14,823

60,920 61,204 61,666 61,937 62,243 62,581 62,895 63,262 63,435 63,501 64,080 64,352 64,315
10,540 10,529 10,509 10,395 10,473 10,391 10,424 10,458 10,439 10,323 10,368 10,347 10,206
3,345 3,319 3,350 3,324 3,415 3,434 3,447 3,506 3,530 3,484 3,438 3,469 3,496
1,304
1,313
1,407
1,409
1,315
1,395
1,400
1,408
1,367
1,384
1,410
1,369
1,353
1,987 2,039 2,036 2,103 2,122 2,093 2,134 2,148 2,187
1,953
1,972
1,969
1,973
7,195 7,211 7,159 7,071 7,058 6,957 6,977 6,952 6,909 6,840 6,930 6,877 6,710
50,389 50,673 51,173 51,521 51,788 52,184 52,473 52,786 53,024 53,172 53,710 54,004 54,147
42,029 42,276 42,666 42,982 43,293 43,602 43,944 44,256 44,519 44,720 45,123 45,393 45,671
8,369 8,411 8,497 8,531 8,507 8,593 8,517 8,517 8,513 8,463 8,567 8,592 8,488
49,047 49,224 49,567 50,263 50,600 50,894 51,257 51,426 51,767 52,342 52,820 52,937 53,189
9,669 9,658 9,677 9,754 9,759 9,710 9,726 9,619 9,664 9,563 9,477 9,534 9,504
3,131 3,162 3,164 3,277 3,305 3,289 3,294 3,304 3,344 3,320 3,306 3,305 3,241
1,217
1,273
1,324
1,389
1,322
1,286
1,308
1,285
1,321
1,349
1,310 1,311
1,266
1,977 2,053 2,002 2,024 2,026 2,022
1,979
1,913
1,952
1,936
1,852
1,853
1,864
6,539 6,496 6,513 6,477 6,454 6,421 6,432 6,315 6,320 6,243 6,170 6,229 6,263
39,392 39,550 39,895 40,500 40,861 41,171 41,531 41,789 42,128 42,772 43,335 43,379 43,689
33,362 33,677 33,981 34,569 34,871 35,113 35,435 35,732 36,068 36,477 36,997 37,061 37,361
6,052 5,867 5,900 5,931 6,012 6,050 6,084 6,059 6,074 6,288 6,320 6,321 6,335

A-48. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1986

1987

1988

1989

Sex and age
III
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

50




IV

IV

IV

8,238

8,120

7,852

7,514

7,203

7,077

6,893

6,664

6,678

6,545

6,391

6,501

6,501

3,106
1,444
661
773
1,662
5,143
4,560
582

3,011
1,404
648
755
1,607
5,093
4,525
562

2,995
1,408
672
743
1,586
4,872
4,398
480

2,859
1,358
664
695
1,501
4,645
4,141
505

2,703
1,281
604
673
1,422
4,509
4,018
488

2,631
1,345
653
688
1,286
4,427
3,936
491

2,600
1,281
598
689
1,319
4,306
3,830
481

2,475
1,216
548
667
1,259
4,181
3,712
469

2,466
1,244
609
634
1,222
4,219
3,754
456

2,404
1,165
538
622
1,239
4,126
3,692
436

2,387
1,188
543
651
1,199
4,016
3,578
445

2,397
1,203
499
702
1,194
4,100
3,631
473

2,415
1,169
537
632
1,246
4,104
3,632
471

4,577

4,526

4,358

4,208

3,950

3,837

3,759

3,625

3,621

3,596

3,507

3,464

3,453

1,701
788
363
411
914
2,888
2,520
368

1,621
741
334
405
880
2,891
2,521
363

1,612
767
363
413
846
2,754
2,451
306

1,562
753
372
386
810
2,638
2,315
322

1,450
695
328
358
755
2,511
2,206
305

1,403
714
348
362
689
2,419
2,124
294

1,397
685
320
375
712
2,371
2,066
309

1,325
660
297
365
665
2,292
2,002
288

1,337
683
325
350
654
2,293
2,013
277

1,310
643
303
336
667
2,274
1,998
276

1,308
680
302
388
627
2,209
1,940
272

1,289
666
299
368
623
2,167
1,896
270

1,301
599
290
306
702
2,175
1,877
293

3,661

3,594

3,494

3,307

3,253

3,241

3,134

3,039

3,057

2,949

2,884

3,037

3,048

1,405
656
298
362
749
2,255
2,040
213

1,390
663
314
350
727
2,203
2,003
199

1,382
642
308
331
741
2,118
1,947
174

1,296
605
292
310
691
2,008
1,826
183

1,253
586
276
315
667
1,998
1,811
183

1,228
632
305
327
597
2,008
1,812
197

1,203
596
278
314
607
1,935
1,764
172

1,150
556
250
302
594
1,889
1,710
182

1,129
561
284
284
568
1,926
1,742
179

1,094
522
235
286
572
1,852
1,694
161

1,079
508
242
263
571
1,807
1,638
173

1,109
538
200
333
571
1,934
1,734
203

1,114
570
248
325
544
1,929
1,754
179

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-49. Unemployment rates by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Civilian workers)
1986

1989

1988

1987

Sex and age
IV
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

IV

IV

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

13.3
18.2
20.2
16.8
10.8
5.4
5.7
3.9

13.0
17.8
19.5
16.5
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.8

12.9
17.8
19.9
16.2
10.4
5.1
5.4
3.2

12.4
17.1
19.8
15.1
10.0
4.8
5.1
3.4

11.8
16.0
17.8
14.7
9.5
4.6
4.9
3.2

11.6
16.7
19.1
14.8
8.8
4.5
4.8
3.2

11.4
16.0
18.0
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.6
3.2

11.0
15.2
16.7
14.0
8.7
4.2
4.4
3.1

10.9
15.3
18.5
13.2
8.5
4.2
4.5
3.0

10.8
14.6
16.5
13.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.9

10.7
15.0
17.3
13.5
8.4
4.0
4.2
2.9

10.8
15.1
16.2
14.4
8.3
4.0
4.2
3.1

10.9
14.8
17.6
13.0
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.1

7.0

6.9

6.6

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.2

5.1

5.1

13.9
19.1
21.2
17.2
11.3
5.4
5.7
4.2

13.3
18.3
19.6
17.1
10.9
5.4
5.6
4.1

13.3
18.6
20.8
17.3
10.6
5.1
5.4
3.5

13.1
18.5
21.4
16.5
10.3
4.9
5.1
3.6

12.2
16.9
18.9
15.3
9.7
4.6
4.8
3.5

11.9
17.2
19.8
15.1
9.0
4.4
4.6
3.3

11.8
16.6
18.5
15.6
9.3
4.3
4.5
3.5

11.2
15.8
17.5
14.8
8.7
4.2
4.3
3.3

11.4
16.2
18.9
14.2
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.2

11.3
15.6
17.7
13.8
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.2

11.2
16.5
18.7
15.4
8.3
4.0
4.1
3.1

11.1
16.1
18.6
14.6
8.3
3.9
4.0
3.0

11.3
14.6
18.2
12.3
9.5
3.9
3.9
3.3

6.9

6.8

6.6

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.3

5.2

5.4

5.4

12.7
17.3
19.1
16.3
10.3
5.4
5.8
3.4

12.6
17.3
19.3
15.9
10.1
5.3
5.6
3.3

12.5
16.9
19.0
15.1
10.2
5.0
5.4
2.9

11.7
15.6
18.1
13.7
9.6
4.7
5.0
3.0

11.4
15.1
16.6
14.1
9.4
4.7
4.9
2.9

11.2
16.1
18.4
14.4
8.5
4.6
4.9
3.2

11.0
15.3
17.4
13.7
8.6
4.5
4.7
2.7

10.7
14.4
15.9
13.2
8.6
4.3
4.6
2.9

10.5
14.4
18.1
12.2
8.2
4.4
4.6
2.9

10.3
13.6
15.3
12.5
8.4
4.2
4.4
2.5

10.2
13.3
15.8
11.5
8.5
4.0
4.2
2.7

10.4
14.0
13.6
14.1
8.4
4.3
4.5
3.1

10.5
15.0
16.9
13.9
8.0
4.2
4.5
2.7

A-50. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates)
1986

1987

1988

1989

Category
IV

IV

IV

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

7.0
6.2
6.1
18.2

6.8
6.1
6.0
17.8

6.6
5.8
5.8
17.8

6.3
5.6
5.4
17.1

6.0
5.2
5.3
16.0

5.9
5.0
5.2
16.7

5.7
4.9
5.0
16.0

5.5
4.7
4.9
15.2

5.5
4.7
4.9
15.3

5.3
4.7
4.7
14.6

5.2
4.5
4.6
15.0

5.3
4.4
4.8
15.1

5.2
4.5
4.7
14.8

6.0
13.1
14.7
10.9

5.9
12.7
14.3
10.1

5.7
12.4
13.9
9.8

5.4
11.7
13.1
8.7

5.1
11.3
12.6
8.2

5.0
11.0
12.3
8.5

4.8
11.1
12.4
8.0

4.7
10.6
11.9
8.8

4.8
9.9
11.2
8.0

4.6
9.9
11.3
7.8

4.4
10.3
11.6
7.2

4.5
9.8
11.2
8.1

4.5
9.7
11.2
8.8

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

4.4
5.1
9.8

4.4
4.9
9.6

4.1
4.6
9.7

4.1
4.3
9.4

3.8
4.2
9.1

3.5
4.2
8.6

3.4
4.0
8.2

3.2
3.9
8.2

3.2
3.9
8.0

3.2
3.7
7.9

3.0
3.5
8.0

3.0
3.9
7.9

3.1
3.8
8.1

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

6.6
9.2
1.9
7.9

6.5
9.0
1.9
7.7

6.2
9.0
1.8
7.4

5.9
8.2
1.7
7.2

5.6
8.2
1.6
6.8

5.5
8.2
1.5
6.7

5.3
8.0
1.4
6.6

5.1
7.6
1.3
6.3

5.1
7.6
1.3
6.4

5.0
7.2
1.2
6.2

4.9
7.1
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.3
1.1
6.0

4.9
7.1
1.1
5.9

7.0
8.5
15.9
12.9
7.0
6.7
7.4
6.3
5.1
7.6
5.6
3.3
12.3

6.9
8.9
14.7
14.1
7.2
7.0
7.5
6.0
4.7
7.3
5.2
3.6
11.2

6.6
8.0
12.3
12.1
6.7
6.5
6.9
5.9
4.5
7.3
5.2
3.6
11.1

6.3
7.5
10.8
12.0
6.1
6.0
6.3
5.7
4.6
7.1
4.9
3.5
9.2

6.0
7.0
8.2
11.5
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.5
4.3
6.7
4.8
3.4
9.9

5.8
6.7
7.8
10.9
5.4
5.1
6.0
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3
11.2

5.7
6.7
7.9
11.1
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.2
3.9
6.4
4.6
2.9
11.0

5.5
6.4
8.1
10.5
5.2
4.8
5.8
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.5
2.9
11.1

5.5
6.5
7.0
10.2
5.4
5.0
5.9
5.0
3.7
6.2
4.4
2.9
10.9

5.4
6.4
8.5
10.3
5.2
5.0
5.5
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.6
9.4

5.3
6.1
7.0
9.9
5.0
4.7
5.4
4.9
3.9
5.8
4.4
2.7
9.1

5.3
6.0
4.6
9.7
5.0
4.6
5.6
5.0
4.1
5.8
4.6
2.9
10.6

5.4
6.3
6.8
10.4
5.1
4.7
5.6
5.0
4.1
6.0
4.4
2.8
8.3

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time




for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force
hours.

51

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-51. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1989

1988

1987

1986
Weeks of unemployment
III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

IV

I

II

III

3,423
2,521
2,288
1 081
1,207

3,362
2,543
2,204
1,022
1,182

3,382
2,409
2,109
979
1,131

3,208
2,185
2,085
1,002
1,083

3,193
2,102
1,892
891
1,001

3,205
2,060
1,804
872
932

3,091
2,122
1,718
844
874

3,086
1,982
1,580
765
815

3,086
1,964
1,608
811
797

3,068
1,936
1,517
778
739

3,161
1,922
1,375
690
686

3,147
2,016
1,332
683
649

3,125
1,992
1,382
791
591

15.4
7.1

15.1
7.1

14.8
6.7

14.9
6.7

14.2
6.3

14.1
6.1

14.0
6.3

13.5
5.9

13.5
5.9

12.9
5.7

12.4
5.5

11.9
5.4

11.6
5.2

100.0
41.6
30.6
27.8
13 1
14.7

100.0
41.5
31.4
27.2
12.6
14.6

100.0
42.8
30.5
26.7
12.4
14.3

100.0
42.9
29.2
27.9
13.4
14.5

100.0
44.4
29.2
26.3
12.4
13.9

100.0
45.3
29.1
25.5
12.3
13.2

100.0
44.6
30.6
24.8
12.2
12.6

100.0
46.4
29.8
23.8
11.5
12.3

100.0
46.4
29.5
24.1
12.2
12.0

100.0
47.0
29.7
23.3
11.9
11.3

100.0
48.9
29.8
21.3
10.7
10.6

100.0
48.4
31.0
20.5
10.5
10.0

100.0
48.1
30.6
21.3
12.2
9.1

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemDloved
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

. .

A-52. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1986

1987

1988

1989

Reasons for unemployment
IV

IV

IV

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

4,005
1,058
2,946
1,009
2,181
1,051

3,951
1,066
2,885
1,037
2,103
1,003

3,847
1,018
2,829
968
2,059
994

3,634
946
2,688
953
1,998
921

3,409
871
2,538
991
1,926
873

3,313
898
2,415
949
1,914
893

3,165
877
2,288
1,025
1,872
865

3,080
837
2,243
960
1,785
832

3,092
855
2,237
965
1,831
787

3,016
826
2,190
982
1,746
782

2,942
803
2,140
952
1,768
753

2,824
815
2,010
1,038
1,933
699

2,940
841
2,098
1,030
1,883
660

100.0
48.6
12.8
35.7
12.2
26.4
12.7

100.0
48.8
13.2
35.6
12.8
26.0
12.4

100.0
48.9
12.9
35.9
12.3
26.2
12.6

100.0
48.4
12.6
35.8
12.7
26.6
12.3

100.0
47.4
12.1
35.3
13.8
26.8
12.1

100.0
46.9
12.7
34.2
13.4
27.1
12.6

100.0
45.7
12.7
33.0
14.8
27.0
12.5

100.0
46.3
12.6
33.7
14.4
26.8
12.5

100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
14.5
27.4
11.8

100.0
46.2
12.7
33.6
15.0
26.8
12.0

100.0
45.9
12.5
33.4
14.8
27.6
11.7

100.0
43.5
12.5
30.9
16.0
29.8
10.8

100.0
45.1
12.9
32.2
15.8
28.9
10.1

3.4
.9
1.8
.9

3.3
.9
1.8
.8

3.2
.8
1.7
.8

3.0
.8
1.7
.8

2.8
.8
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.3
.8
1.6
.6

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

52




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1986

1987

1988

1989

Reason, sex, and race
III

III

IV

IV

IV

TOTAL
Total not in labor force ..
Do not want a job now.
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
Men
Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now.
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1
Women
Total not in labor force ...
Do not want a job now.
Want a job now
,
Reason not looking:
School attendance
,
III health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons
White
Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now.

62,630 62,817 62,917 62,813 62,970 62,915 62,922 63,037 62,959 62,865 62,482 62,388 62,597
56,695 56,987 57,062 57,048 57,324 57,357 57,490 57,630 58,202 57,491 57,310 57,046 57,853
6,343 6,423 6,388 6,317 6,436 6,350 6,329 7,022 6,229 6,365 6,292 7,312
6,121
4,397 4,292 4,482 4,453 4,730 4,528 4,782 4,659
4,088 3,907 4,147 4,207 4,431
26,120 26,069 26,205 25,553 25,563 25,578 25,304 25,339 25,331 24,588 24,550 24,062 23,988
15,840 16,025 15,870 16,259 16,341 16,456 16,869 16,797 16,825 17,251 17,179 17,407 17,688
4,525 4,643 4,416 4,641
4,693 4,688 4,503 4,206
4,672 4,490 4,675 4,683 4,571
5,931

5,848

5,775

5,885

5,788

5,455

5,484

5,318

5,276

5,418

5,313

5,331

5,509

1,511
905
1,200

1,415
769
1,357
1,150
828
322
1,158

1,364
854
1,240
1,107
735
373
1,209

1,479
906
1,326
1,053
706
347
1,122

1,516
838
1,265
1,026
652
374
1,142

1,371
849
1,237
913
587
326
1,085

1,327
849
1,193
990
667
323
1,125

1,286
832
1,209
914
600
314
1,076

1,387
794
1,128
941
599
341
1,026

1,412
750
1,145
951
597
354
1,160

1,279
910
1,177
855
562
293
1,093

1,274
965
1,151
869
519
350
1,072

1,477
889
1,169
815
511
305
1,159

1,160
753
407
1,155

20,426 20,453 20,494 20,647 20,840 20,839 20,866 20,858 20,926 21,084 20,861 20,839 21,101
18,270 18,424 18,478 18,623 18,869 18,868 19,012 18,888 19,100 19,062 19,085 18,929 19,284
2,066

2,000

1,996

2,081

2,044

1,902

1,966

1,889

1,920

1,985

1,946

1,932

2,031

793
440
431
401

666
361
499
473

680
415
452
450

753
464
437
427

742
407
445
449

719
417
364
403

654
410
440
462

677
367
414
431

669
379
447
425

716
351
446
473

632
420
410
484

639
471
410
412

735
487
340
470

42,204 42,365 42,423 42,166 42,130 42,076 42,056 42,180 42,035 41,781 41,621 41,549 41,498
38,425 38,563 38,583 38,425 38,455 38,488 38,478 38,742 39,103 38,428 38,225 38,118 38,569
3,865

3,848

3,779

3,804

3,744

3,553

3,518

3,429

3,356

3,433

3,367

3,399

3,478

717
466
1,200
729
753

749
408
1,357
651
684

685
439
1,240
655
760

726
442
1,326
615
695

774
431
1,265
581
693

652
432
1,237
549
682

673
439
1,193
551
663

609
466
1,209
500
645

718
415
1,128
494
601

697
399
1,145
505
688

646
491
1,177
445
609

635
494
1,151
460
660

742
403
1,169
475
689

53,474 53,569 53,700 53,582 53,759 53,690 53,517 53,493 53,447 53,325 52,980 52,888 53,074
49,185 49,353 49,445 49,291 49,496 49,594 49,547 49,651 49,728 49,381 49,280 49,060 49,320
4,287

4,209

4,187

4,362

4,277

4,012

4,012

3,886

3,691

3,854

3,844

3,835

3,774

1,013
630
900
827
916

955
542
982
801
929

955
615
924
745
948

1,108
687
954
718
895

1,058
645
950
679
945

962
651
901
611
887

954
640
848
670
900

917
639
846
596
888

908
556
806
600
821

911
511
828
676
928

885
704
793
570
892

906
684
835
527
882

1,003
583
793
514
881

7,428

7,411

7,382

7,427

7,322

7,314

7,431

7,561

7,497

7,471

7,445

7,542

7,555

Do not want a job now.

6,022

6,036

5,976

6,151

6,083

6,090

6,115

6,340

6,227

6,182

6,134

6,303

5,971

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities...
Think cannot get a job ,
Other reasons1

1,390

1,394

1,388

1,323

1,207

1,211

1,301

1,267

1,241

1,259

1,315

1,325

1,613

411
240
271
271
197

373
197
304
297
223

344
227
290
327
201

326
196
314
314
173

322
158
279
294
154

335
173
299
244
161

346
197
308
264
185

327
187
315
276
162

316
217
270
290
147

374
206
272
210
197

335
206
343
253
178

316
261
266
323
160

430
297
365
272
250

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities....
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons1
Black
Total not in labor force .

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of




"home responsibilities."

53

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Age

Total
Reason and sex
1988

III
1989

16 to 19
years

60 years
and over

25 to 59
years

20 to 24
years

1988

III
1989

1988

III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ....
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

61,798

61,447

5,423

5,293

3,526

3,360

21,291

20,988

31,558

31,806

56,816

56,153

4,586

4,354

2,838

2,672

18,419

17,925

30,970

31,201

3,774
4,447
25,380
17,044
6,171

3,855
4,694
24,028
18,026
5,550

2,154
50

2,285
63

969
122
1,174

419

958
93
1,101

410
573

521

632
2,202
12,197
481
2,907

589
2,405
11,586
414
2,932

20
2,072
11,588
16,563
727

23
2,134
10,932
17,613
501

1,963

1,596
690

687

2,927

3,063

588

605

939
493
20
54
160
86
74
212

149
42
206
148
95
52
143

194
59
209
72
32
40
153

252
540
915
531
377
153
635

215
676
1,006
439
322
117
727

186
46
134
57
77
222

10
161
37
164
73
91
233

4,982

5,294

808
791
1,237
952
600
352
1,194

912
915
1,307
835
513
322
1,325

835
406
24
71
139
70
69
195

20,000

20,135

2,544

2,474

1,065

1,044

4,180

4,184

12,211

12,434

18,311

18,322

2,129

2,013

818

802

3,424

3,350

11,941

12,157

1,850
2,290
468
10,692
3,012

1,908
2,418
430
10,907
2,660

1,103
19
52

1,143
35
20

480
64
10

484
50
12

955

815

264

256

269
1,281
168
359
1,347

277
1,345
148
293
1,287

924
238
10,334
445

4
987
250
10,614
302

1,689

1,813

416

460

247

242

755

835

271

277

379
376
448
487

440
503
351
519

232
6
79
99

259
12
75
115

71
17
82
77

94
42
41
64

75
265
212
203

81
370
163
221

89
75
107

6
80
72
119

41,798

41,311

2,879

2,819

2,461

2,316

17,111

16,804

19,347

19,372

38,505

37,831

2,459

2,341

2,020

1,870

14,996

14,576

19,031

19,044

1,924
2,158
24,912
6,352
3,159

1,947
2,276
23,598
7,120
2,890

1,051
31

1,142
28

490
57

474
42

368

390

1,164

1,089

19
1,146
10,682
6,999
199

1,009

309

265

312
1,060
11,438
121
1,646

20
1,148
11,351
6,230
282

781

364
921
12,029
122
1,560

3,293

3,481

2,117

2,228

316

328

420
174
19
71
59
97

479
234
9
54
85
97

441
78
26
206
66
65

446
100
17
209
31
89

177
274
915
319
432

133
306
1,006
276
506

97
46
59
114

4
81
37
92
114

Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons1
Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons

429
415
1,237
504
708

472
412
1,307
484
806

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail in tables A-54 and A-55 may not add to not-in-labor-

54




force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in
aggregating these data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Persons not in the labor force by reason, race, Hispanic origin, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Age

Total
16 to 24
years

Reason, race, and Hispanic origin
1988

1989

Sex

25 to 59
years

60 years
and over
III
1988

III
1989

III
1989

1988

52,518 52,175 6,659

6,465

17,563 17,314 28,298 28,396 16,783 16,860 35,736 35,316

48,975 48,513 5,657

5,430

15,489 15,188 27,827 27,895 15,567 15,602 33,408 32,910

2,874 2,283
2,771
134
3,670
3,442
22,444 21,302
1,316
15,384 16,176
4,934 4,491
1,924
3,658
3,545
1,000
607
355
517
597
45
552
898
174
902
509
150
583
276
991 1,048

2,433
118

421
18
20
469
1,627 1,719
1,683 1,833
10,565 10,183 10,561 9,893
367 14,954 15,809
429
667
453
2,343 2,385

1988

III
1989

Women

Men

III
1989

1988

III
1988

III
1989

WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,226

1,397
1,747
365
9,710
2,348

1,417 1,374 1,457
1,892 1,695
1,777
337 22,079 20,965
9,838 5,674 6,338
2,118 2,586 2,373

1,653
469

472

1,215

1,281

2,327

2,377

163
376
688
328
516

153
444
711
281
567

129
41
104
195

10
104
25
122
211

241
278

319
346

277
419

206
411

275
274
902
305
571

288
251
898
303
637

1,755

2,726

2,784

2,746

2,808

2,579

2,638

4,705

4,709

1,205

2,118

1,981

2,631

2,689

2,198

2,155

3,935

3,719

573
29

87
462
1,097
44
428

94
520
922
32
412

2
418
827
1,357
27

396
818
1,437
37

298
496
83
806
515

320
477
90
839
430

416
419
2,073
595
432

347
468
1,876
631
396

381

482

771

990
161
156
362
167
145

2,071

2,156

1,031
444
49
162
106
270

BLACK

7,284

7,347 1,813

Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

6,134

5,875 1,386

714
916
2,156
1,401
947

667
945
1,966
1,470
826

625
36
233

Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,150

1,472

427

Total not in labor force

227
492
377

608

804

116

119

146
17
86
127
51

550
214
31
93
121
91

51
148
174
161
74

50
224
256
139
134

58
5
29
24

56
12
37
14

95
97

103
154

144
45

130
95

102
126
265
174
104

4,278

4,390 1,081

1,101

2,057

2,126

1,140

1,163

1,130

1,154

3,148

3,236

3,752

3,810

858

821

1,785

1,851

1,107

1,138

960

976

2,792

2,834

331
346
2,074
511
490

376
373
1,955
644
462

293
20

315
13

316

276

38
187
1,283
35
242

61
257
1,292
15
227

137
474
476
20

105
386
629
18

163
171
53
338
235

164
151
37
377
248

168
174
2,022
173
255

212
222
1,918
268
214

229

217

526

501

274

307

33

23

168

141

356

359

221
60
9
65
44
43

170
82
9
43
9
27

35
16
104
71
48

10
38
133
60
66

43
18

38
27

58
49

16
60

51
16
170
66
53

54
22
177
59
49

197
222
265
317
149

264
310
362
296
239

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason for not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

94
34
170
124
104

92
49
177
74
109

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of
"home responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not




sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

55

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-56. Persons not in the labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by reason, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin
(In thousands)
3rd Quarter 1989
Age

Reason and sex
Total

Race and Hispanic origin

16 to 19
years

20 to 24
years

25 to 59
years

126
89

23
31
21

31
8

10
50
56

300
213

63
22

32
29

51
51
40

15
9
11

208
132

26
14

56
75
49

22
9

168
136

37
9

60 years
and over

Hispanic
origin

White

Black

73
14
4

77
67
65

29
49
22

11

177
145

31
42

157
142

135
62

29
22

1
18

3
19
29

32
6
-

38
23
28

12
23
10

20
2

75
36

10
24

65
50

61
24

13
8

7
32
27

41
8
4

39
44
37

17
26
12

4
6
10

101
109

21
18

92
92

73
38

25
15

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

107

1

6
6

Men
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available
Women
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find work
Thinks no job available

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

56




8

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in the labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within
the next 12 months by sex, age, and race
(In thousands)
Age

Total
Work-seeking intentions, work history, and sex

III
1988

16 to 24
years
1989

Race

25 to 59
years

60 years
and over

White

Black

III
1989

1988

53,947 53,115 5,559
7,850 8,332 3,391
1,087 1,137
892
999
1,185
38
1,765 1,919
425
3,814 4,277 2,036

5,078
3,575
957
24
478
2,116

17,359 16,831 31,030 31,206 46,421 45,730 5,907
528
600 6,098 6,441 1,377
3,932 4,157
303
674
177
739
3
3
192
301
715
817
163
784
984
191
321
177
1,162 1,234
207 1,368 1,476
452
185
1,592 1,962
199 3,238 3,511

5,737
1,609
334
252
378
646

17,463 17,392 2,190
2,537 2,743 1,421
344
474
382
9
212
253
151
513
503
916
1,398 1,544

1,952
1,566
433
3
152
978

3,269 11,957 12,171 14,800 14,758 2,132
915
448
263 1,983 2,126
254
41
231
121
332
131
64
144
169
77
62
257
390
399
104
101
80
485
183
81 1,184 1,260
92

2,115
523
125
57
105
236

36,484 35,723 3,370
5,313 5,589 1,969
548
663
704
28
787
931
274
1,262 1,406
2,415 2,733 1,120

3,126
2,009
524
21
326
1,138

14,041 13,562 19,073 19,035 31,621 30,972 3,776
929
337 4,115 4,316
273
3,070 3,242
182
136
154
407
443
3
3
237
653
571
648
113
101
801
241
977
969 1,087
103
76
912
269
118 2,054 2,251
1,201 1,477
93

3,622
1,087
209
195
273
410

1988

III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

1988

III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

TOTAL
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Men
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
.Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

3,318
862
38
182
252
391

Women
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months




57

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-58. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total
Employment status, sex, and age

III
1988

III
1989

III
1988

Hispanic origin

Black
III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

184,840
123,042
66.6
116,426
3,415
113,010
6,617
5.4
61,798

186,602
125,156
67.1
118,689
3,564
115,125
6,466
5.2
61,447

158,347
105,829
66.8
100,941
3,188
97,753
4,888
4.6
52,518

159,473
107,298
67.3
102,585
3,348
99,237
4,712
4.4
52,175

20,737
13,453
64.9
11,919
167
11,752
1,534
11.4
7,284

21,061
13,714
65.1
12,171
167
12,004
1,544
11.3
7,347

13,382
9,103
68.0
8,399
440
7,959
704
7.7
4,278

13,853
9,463
68.3
8,660
497
8,163
803
8.5
4,390

87,982
67,981
77.3
64,594
2,711
61,882
3,387
5.0
20,000

88,869
68,733
77.3
65,496
2,800
62,696
3,237
4.7
20,135

75,941
59,159
77.9
56,605
2,518
54,087
2,554
4.3
16,783

76,539
59,680
78.0
57,275
2,625
54,650
2,405
4.0
16,860

9,314
6,734
72.3
6,007
142
5,865
728
10.8
2,579

9,457
6,820
72.1
6,093
138
5,955
727
10.7
2,638

6,633
5,503
83.0
5,087
391
4,695
416
7.6
1,130

6,857
5,703
83.2
5,248
438
4,811
455
8.0
1,154

80,676
63,219
78.4
60,539
2,406
58,134
2,680
4.2
17,457

81,741
64,079
78.4
61,466
2,501
58,965
2,612
4.1
17,662

69,973
55,101
78.7
53,062
2,224
50,838
2,039
3.7
14,872

70,737
55,700
78.7
53,746
2,349
51,397
1,953
3.5
15,037

8,236
6,166
74.9
5,611
133
5,477
555
9.0
2,070

8,375
6,265
74.8
5,693
121
5,572
572
9.1
2,110

5,948
5,090
85.6
4,763
348
4,415
327
6.4
859

6,147
5,266
85.7
4,895
403
4,492
371
7.0
881

96,859
55,061
56.8
51,832
704
51,128
3,229
5.9
41,798

97,734
56,422
57.7
53,193
764
52,429
3,229
5.7
41,311

82,405
46,670
56.6
44,336
671
43,666
2,334
5.0
35,736

82,934
47,618
57.4
45,310
724
44,586
2,308
4.8
35,316

11,424
6,719
58.8
5,912
25
5,887
806
12.0
4,705

11,604
6,895
59.4
6,078
28
6,049
817
11.9
4,709

6,749
3,601
53.4
3,313
49
3,264
288
8.0
3,148

6,996
3,760
53.7
3,412
59
3,353
348
9.3
3,236

89,664
50,745
56.6
48,114
647
47,467
2,631
5.2
38,919

90,685
52,193
57.6
49,574
711
48,863
2,619
5.0
38,492

76,541
42,950
56.1
41,050
615
40,435
1,899
4.4
33,591

77,236
44,037
57.0
42,144
672
41,473
1,893
4.3
33,198

10,318
6,214
60.2
5,564
24
5,540
650
10.5
4,105

10,504
6,372
60.7
5,732
28
5,704
640
10.0
4,132

6,079
3,276
53.9
3,037
46
2,991
239
7.3
2,803

6,303
3,442
54.6
3,159
55
3,104
283
8.2
2,861

14,500
9,078
62.6
7,772
362
7,410
1,306
14.4
5,423

14,177
8,884
62.7
7,649
351
7,298
1,235
13.9
5,293

11,833
7,778
65.7
6,828
349
6,480
950
12.2
4,055

11,500
7,561
65.7
6,695
328
6,367
866
11.5
3,939

2,183
1,073
49.2
744
10
734
328
30.6
1,110

2,182
1,077
49.3
745
17
728
332
30.8
1,105

1,355
738
54.5
600
47
553
138
18.7
617

1,402
755
53.8
606
38
568
149
19.7
647

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

58




and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59.

Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Total Hispanic origin1
Employment status, sex, and age

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

C u b a n origin

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

1988

1989

1988

1989

1988

1989

1988

III
1989

13,382
9,103
68.0
8,399

13,853
9,463
68.3
8,660

8,179
5,725
70.0
5,246

8,521
5,992
70.3
5,457

1,581

1,540

878

900

821
553

829
522

55.5

58.4

67.4

63.0

440

497

404

451

7,959

8,163

4,842

5,007

479
8.4

535
8.9

795
3
792
83
9.5
703

800
11
789
100
640

525
2
523
28
5.0
268

493
1
492
29
5.6
306

701
511

682
535

396
310

403
312

72.9

78.5

78.3

77.5

457
3
454
54

470
10
461
64

10.6

12.0

190

147

300
2
298
10
3.4
86

296
1
295
16
5.2
91

633
484

613
502

382
303

379
302

76.5

82.0

79.3

79.9

432
3
429
53

450
10
440
52

10.8

10.4

148

111

293
2
291
10
3.4
79

287
1
286
15
5.1
76

881
367

859
365

425
243

426
210

41.7

42.5

57.2

49.3

338
338
29
7.9
514

330
1
328
35
9.7
494

226
_
226
17
7.1
182

197
197
13
6.3
216

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men,

803
8.5

4,278

4,390

2,453

2,529

6,633
5,503
83.0
5,087

6,857
5,703
83.2
5,248

4,207
3,584
85.2
3,295

4,345
3,669
84.4
3,366

391

438

358

394

4,695

4,811

2,937

2,972

11.1

16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men,

704
7.7

303
8.3
676

1,130

1,154

289
8.1
623

5,948
5,090
85.6
4,763

6,147
5,266
85.7
4,895

3,732
3,270
87.6
3,058

3,849
3,339
86.8
3,097

348

403

322

363

4,415

4,492

2,736

2,735

416
7.6

455
8.0

20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

327
6.4
859

371
7.0
881

212
6.5
462

242
7.3
510

6,749
3,601
53.4
3,313

6,996
3,760
53.7
3,412

3,971
2,141
53.9
1,951

4,176
2,323
55.6
2,092

49

59

46

57

3,264

3,353

1,905

2,035

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

288
8.0

348
9.3

190
8.9

232

3,148

3,236

1,830

10.0
1,853

6,079
3,276
53.9
3,037

6,303
3,442
54.6
3,159

3,524
1,910
54.2
1,757

3,721
2,102
56.5
1,916

46

55

43

53

2,991

3,104

1,714
15.4

1,863

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

789
336

777
335

401
229

413
201

42.6

43.1

57.1

48.6

305
1
304
30
9.0
442

213
_
213
17
7.2
171

189
_
190
11
5.6
212

38
20

37
19
(2)
16
16
3
(2)
18

2,803

2,861

1,614

1,620

313
314
23
6.8
453

1,355

1,402

738

755

923
545

951
551

159
58

151
63

54.5

53.8

59.0

58.0

36.5

41.6

600
47
553
138

606
38
568
149

431
39
392
114

444
35
409
107

46
45

18.7

19.7

20.9

19.5

617

647

378

399

5.0
50
8
2
()
102

239
7.3

283
8.2

8.0

185
8.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




17
27.3
88

0

20
20
1
(2)
18

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.

59

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60. Employed civilians by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
White

Total
Category

Black

Hispanic origin

III
1988

III
1989

116,426 118,689 100,941 102,585
64,594 65,496 56,605 57,275
51,832 53,193 44,336 45,310

11,919
6,007
5,912

12,171
6,093
6,078

8,399
5,087
3,313

8,660
5,248
3,412

1988

1989

III
1988

1989

1988

1989

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

29,174
14,473
14,701

30,160
15,026
15,134

26,355
13,241
13,113

27,193
13,658
13,534

1,827
843
983

1,868
888
980

1,118
602
516

1,095
590
505

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,765
3,648
13,855
18,262

36,324
3,671
14,176
18,476

31,314
3,073
12,610
15,631

31,747
3,129
12,804
15,814

3,311
381
830
2,099

3,405
366
953
2,086

2,100
167
717
1,216

2,026
138
681
1,206

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

15,495
930
2,055
12,510

15,945
880
2,050
13,014

12,244
707
1,674
9,862

12,472
637
1,637
10,198

2,724
206
349
2,170

2,851
217
368
2,265

1,606
145
144
1,318

1,720
133
110
1,477

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,853
4,440
5,310
4,103

13,973
4,485
5,374
4,114

12,444
3,991
4,871
3,582

12,470
4,003
4,861
3,605

1,056
340
358
358

1,112
366
393
353

1,066
325
427
315

1,151
332
471
348

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,314
8,181
4,956
5,176
957
4,219

18,315
8,302
5,021
4,992
828
4,164

15,080
6,699
4,091
4,290
801
3,489

15,037
6,782
4,201
4,054
683
3,370

2,746
1,209
766
772
135
636

2,696
1,191
719
785
123
663

2,031
1,100
348
584
148
436

2,126
1,155
401
570
108
462

3,825

3,973

3,504

3,666

255

239

477

543

1,746
1,491
179

1,880
1,525
159

1,567
1,443
178

1,714
1,478
156

135
32

135
31
1

367
68
5

440
49
8

104,131 106,163
16,644 17,084
87,488 89,079
1,177
1,145
86,311 87,934
8,631
8,690
272
248

89,639
13,544
76,095
898
75,197
7,909
205

91,015
13,835
77,180
850
76,330
7,968
253

11,351
2,529
8,822
257
8,565
394
7

11,601
2,664
8,937
265
8,672
398
5

7,505
1,018
6,487
164
6,322
436
19

7,675
961
6,714
165
6,549
471
17

82,943
4,463
13,534

84,695
4,037
13,854

9,892
821
1,207

10,071
826
1,274

7,080
632
688

7,301
599
760

Farming, forestry, and fishing
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS1
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons
1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not

60




95,800
5,468
15,158

98,052
5,034
15,603

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61. Employed civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories
(In thousands)
Puerto Rican
origin

Total Hispanic
origin1

Mexican origin

III
1988

1989

III
1988

1989

8,399
5,087
3,313

8,660
5,248
3,412

5,246
3,295
1,951

5,457
3,366
2,092

795
457
338

800
470
330

525
300
226

493
296
197

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

1,118
602
516

1,095
590
505

546
311
235

579
317
262

126
65
61

119
79
40

125
76
49

111
65
45

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support

2,100
167
717
1,216

2,026
138
681

1,166
90
416
660

1,145
71

217
22
41

217
15
56
146

187
13
62

173
11
63
99

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,606
145
144
1,318

1,720
133
110
1,477

1,041
77

23
125

146
4
18
124

71
6
5
60

71
2

102
861

1,082
75
61
946

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

1,066
325
427
315

1,151
332
471
348

679
209
278
192

720
191
312
218

114
40
32
42

116
45
35
37

59
16
28
15

64
19
28
17

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

2,031
1,100
348
584
148
436

2,126
1,155
401
570
108
462

1,384
739
221
425
109
316

1,450
796
253
401
83
319

180
96
39
45
11
35

187
98
37
51
3
48

81
42
18
21
4
17

71
34
16
21
5
16

477

543

430

481

367
68
5

440
49
8

344
55
5

406
38
7

7,505
1,018
6,487

7,675
961
6,714
165
6,549
471

4,599
598
4,000

4,755
586

91

452
54
398
2
396
40

17

470
65
405
6
399
52
1

7,301
599
760

462
24
39

435
13
45

Cuban origin

Category
III
1988

1989

III
1988

1989

CHARACTERISTIC
Total (all civilian workers)
Men
Women
OCCUPATION

Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

Farming, forestry, and fishing

1,206

393
682

154
151
2

112

12
57

16

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

164
6,322
436
19

758
134
624
7

9

97
4,072
243
8

769
163
606
3
603
22
1

4,376
480
390

4,562
443
453

681
36
79

696
30
74

3,909
234

4,169

617
31

2

FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other
Hispanic origin, not shown separately.




7,080
632
688

2
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work full or part time.

61

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62. Employed civilians by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands)
White

Total
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Hispanic origin

Black

1988

1989

1988

III
1989

116,426

118,689

100,941

102,585

11,919

12,171

8,399

8,660

7,772
3,187
4,585
13,645
95,008
80,456
14,553

7,649
3,036
4,613
13,402
97,638
82,855
14,783

6,828
2,824
4,004
11,776
82,336
69,397
12,939

6,695
2,628
4,067
11,449
84,442
71,292
13,150

744
293
451
1,479
9,695
8,413
1,283

745
331
414
1,496
9,930
8,677
1,253

600
210
390
1,381
6,418
5,760
658

606
193
413
1,372
6,682
5,972
710

64,594

65,496

56,605

57,275

6,007

6,093

5,087

5,248

4,055
1,698
2,356
7,217
53,323
44,785
8,538

4,030
1,618
2,412
7,015
54,451
45,931
8,519

3,543
1,501
2,041
6,241
46,821
39,150
7,671

3,529
1,403
2,126
6,036
47,710
40,044
7,666

396
159
237
776
4,835
4,148
687

400
176
224
741
4,952
4,304
648

324
103
221
846
3,917
3,546
370

353
104
250
850
4,045
3,629
416

51,832

53,193

44,336

45,310

5,912

6,078

3,313

3,412

3,718
1,489
2,229
6,429
41,685
35,670
6,015

3,619
1,419
2,200
6,387
43,187
36,924
6,264

3,286
1,323
1,963
5,536
35,515
30,247
5,268

3,166
1,225
1,941
5,412
36,732
31,247
5,485

349
134
214
703
4,860
4,265
596

345
154
191
754
4,978
4,373
605

276
107
169
535
2,501
2,214
288

253
89
164
522
2,637
2,343
293

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

III
1988

1989

III
1988

1989

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-63. Unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Civilian workers)

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

62




Black

White

Total
Sex and age

Hispanic origin

1988

1989

III
1988

III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

III
1988

1989

5.4

5.2

4.6

4.4

11.4

11.3

7.7

8.5

14.4
16.7
12.7
8.1
4.1
4.4
2.9

13.9
16.0
12.5
8.3
3.9
4.1
2.9

12.2
14.4
10.6
6.6
3.6
3.8
2.7

11.5
13.7
10.0
6.9
3.4
3.6
2.6

30.6
33.8
28.4
18.7
8.2
8.8
3.8

30.8
29.7
31.7
17.7
8.2
8.6
6.0

18.7
24.7
15.1
9.7
6.1
6.2
5.2

19.7
30.0
13.8
11.6
6.6
6.8
4.9

5.0

4.7

4.3

4.0

10.8

10.7

7.6

8.0

14.9
16.9
13.3
7.8
3.7
3.9
2.8

13.4
16.3
11.4
8.5
3.5
3.6
2.9

12.7
14.4
11.4
6.5
3.3
3.4
2.6

11.3
13.7
9.7
7.2
3.0
3.1
2.5

30.3
34.3
27.3
16.9
7.6
8.3
2.8

27.8
31.5
24.7
17.6
7.7
7.9
6.6

21.7
28.1
18.3
8.6
6.0
5.9
5.6

19.2
31.9
12.5
11.0
6.2
6.2
6.4

5.9

5.7

5.0

4.8

12.0

11.9

8.0

9.3

13.9
16.5
12.0
8.5
4.7
4.9
3.0

14.4
15.6
13.7
8.2
4.5
4.8
2.9

11.7
14.4
9.7
6.7
4.1
4.3
2.7

11.6
13.7
10.2
6.6
3.9
4.2
2.7

30.9
33.1
29.5
20.5
8.8
9.3
4.9

33.9
27.5
38.4
17.7
8.7
9.2
5.2

15.0
21.2
10.5
11.4
6.4
6.6
4.3

20.4
27.6
15.8
12.5
7.3
7.9
2.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-64. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Weeks of unemployment

White

Hispanic origin

Black

III
1988

III
1989

III
1988

III
1989

1988

1989

1988

1989

6,617
3,189
1,971
1,457
666
791

6,466
3,240
1,984
1,242
660
582

4,888
2,405
1,463
1,020
496
524

4,712
2,443
1,400
870
467
403

1,534
692
452
390
155
235

1,544
688
523
333
170
163

704
386
208
110
61
49

803
417
236
149
85
64

13.2
5.4

11.2
4.5

12.4
5.2

10.8
4.3

15.7
6.4

12.7
5.7

9.3
4.6

10.7
4.3

100.0
48.2
29.8
22.0
10.1
12.0

100.0
50.1
30.7
19.2
10.2
9.0

100.0
49.2
29.9
20.9
10.1
10.7

100.0
51.8
29.7
18.5
9.9
8.6

100.0
45.1
29.5
25.4
10.1
15.3

100.0
44.6
33.9
21.6
11.0
10.5

100.0
54.8
29.5
15.6
8.7
6.9

100.0
52.0
29.4
18.6
10.6
8.0

DURATION
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented

A-65. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
White

Total
Reasons for unemployment

III
1988

1989

6,617
2,859
719
2,140
1,045
1,863
850

Hispanic origin

Black

1988

III
1989

III
1988

1989

6,466
2,728
715
2,012
1,122
1,903
714

4,888
2,176
594
1,582
838
1,351
524

4,712
2,037
597
1,440
912
1,323
441

1,534
619
109
510
180
448
286

1,544
615
98
516
174
513
242

704
360
80
279
93
155
96

803
400
88
312
118
174
110

100.0
43.2
10.9
32.3
15.8
28.2
12.8

100.0
42.2
11.1
31.1
17.3
29.4
11.0

100.0
44.5
12.1
32.4
17.1
27.6
10.7

100.0
43.2
12.7
30.6
19.4
28.1
9.4

100.0
40.4
7.1
33.2
11.8
29.2
18.7

100.0
39.8
6.4
33.5
11.3
33.2
15.7

100.0
51.1
11.4
39.7
13.2
22.1
13.6

100.0
49.8
10.9
38.9
14.8
21.7
13.7

2.3
.8
1.5
.7

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.1
.8
1.3
.5

1.9
.8
1.2
.4

4.6
1.3
3.3
2.1

4.5
1.3
3.7
1.8

4.0
1.0
1.7
1.1

4.2
1.3
1.8
1.2

1988

1989

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total, 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented




and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

63

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-66. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Civilian labor force
Employed

Total

Unemployed

Veteran status and age
III
1988

Percent of
labor force

Number

III
1989

1988

1989

1988

1989
1988

1989

III
1988

1989

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,897
5,867
658
2,106
3,103
2,030

7,927
5,449
456
1,702
3,291
2,478

7,284
5,605
617
2,002
2,986
1,680

7,252
5,175
426
1,593
3,156
2,077

7,039
5,405
584
1,929
2,893
1,634

7,007
4,991
404
1,519
3,069
2,015

245
200
33
73
93
45

246
184
22
75
87
62

3.4
3.6
5.4
3.7
3.1
2.7

3.4
3.6
5.1
4.7
2.8
3.0

20,541
9,163
6,875
4,503

21,567
9,383
7,472
4,712

19,509
8,754
6,533
4,223

20,446
8,960
7,082
4,405

18,776
8,392
6,307
4,077

19,739
8,641
6,842
4,256

734
362
226
146

707
319
240
149

3.8
4.1
3.5
3.4

3.5
3.6
3.4
3.4

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely
corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the
Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans
are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data

A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Veterans
Employment status and age

Hispanic origin

Black

White

Nonveterans
White
III
1988

Hispanic origin

Black
1989

III
1988

1989

2,196
1,973
1,819
153
7.8

1,877
1,771
1,668
103
5.8

2,007
1,883
1,756
127
6.8

951
862
786
76
8.8

899
839
60
6.6

806
757
709
48
6.4

885
835
773
61
7.4

6,406
6,116
5,944
173
2.8

681
612
562
50
8.2

750
668
608
61
9.1

619
587
558
29
5.0

622
581
537
44
7.6

4,056
3,819
3,709
110
2.9

448
385
362
23
5.9

460
405
372
33
8.1

451
426
401
25
5.8

500
467
446
21
4.6

III
1988

1989

1988

1989

1988

1989

5,219
5,013
4,848
165
3.3

4,850
4,630
4,478
152
3.3

570
520
490
30
5.8

528
483
454
29
6.1

261
253
244
9
3.5

206
191
178
13
6.7

566
534
506
28
5.3

384
362
344
18
5.0

83
74
70
4
5.8

64
59
55
4

42
42
40
2

O

O

40
31
29
2

O

7,896
7,601
7,322
280
3.7

8,041
7,744
7,497
247
3.2

1,839
1,762
1,703
60
3.4

1,502
1,425
1,367
58
4.1

225
203
192
12
5.8

168
139
125
15
10.5

98
95
90
5
5.5

75
73
65
7
10.2

5,891
5,649
5,481
168
3.0

2,814
2,717
2,640
77
2.8

2,964
2,842
2,767
76
2.7

262
242
229
14
5.7

295
285
274
11
3.8

120
116
114
2
1.7

92
87
84
3
3.8

3,823
3,626
3,516
110
3.0

1989

1988

TOTAL, 30 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

17,611 18,504 2,080
16,876 17,679 1,860
16,319 17,149 1,711
557
530
149
3.3
3.0
8.0

30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
40 to 44 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to

64




the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Detail for the above race
and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both
the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-68. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)

III
1988

1989
With unemployment:

With unemployment:

Percent of families:

Percent of families:
Type of family, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
families

Total

With no
employed
person
in
family

With at
Total
With at
least one families
least one
person in
employed
family
person in
employed
family
full time

Total

With no
employed
person
in
family

With at
With at
least one
least one
person in
employed
family
person in
employed
family
full time

TOTAL
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

64,586
31,567
51,051
24,058
10,661
6,383
2,875
1,127

5,050
3,010
3,379
2,027
1,349
842
322
141

28.0
30.8
17.6
16.2
52.2
62.4
36.6
51.8

72.0
69.2
82.4
83.8
47.8
37.6
63.4
48.2

63.1
60.7
73.4
74.9
38.8
29.8
56.5
41.1

65,117
31,660
51,330
24,049
10,884
6,416
2,904
1,196

4,783
2,731
3,237
1,870
1,325
782
222
79

27.1
31.5
15.6
15.7
52.8
66.4
41.6
59.5

72.9
68.5
84.4
84.3
47.2
33.6
58.4
40.5

66.4
63.1
78.4
79.2
39.2
27.4
52.9
36.7

55,571
26,440
46,066
21,363
7,267
4,212
2,239
864

3,790
2,234
2,813
1,683
743
452
234
99

24.7
26.1
17.7
16.2
49.4
58.8
31.8
45.5

75.3
73.9
82.3
83.8
50.6
41.2
68.2
54.5

66.4
65.3
73.3
75.0
41.6
33.2
61.8
46.5

55,858
26,298
46,206
21,222
7,331
4,122
2,321
954

3,559
2,021
2,666
1,546
733
412
161
63

23.8
27.2
15.4
15.9
50.0
64.0
44.4
63.5

76.2
72.8
84.6
84.1
50.0
36.0
55.6
36.5

69.9
67.5
78.6
79.1
42.2
29.0
52.5
33.3

7,174
4,062
3,547
1,845
3,115
2,003
512
214

1,109
686
452
272
581
377
76
37

39.8
46.9
16.8
15.4
55.4
66.6
56.6

60.2
53.1
83.2
84.6
44.6
33.4
43.4

51.3
45.0
73.7
74.3
35.8
26.0
36.8

7,275
4,196
3,579
1,887
3,242
2,111
454
199

1,070
614
463
252
554
348
54
14

37.9
45.5
15.9
13.1
56.5
69.0

62.1
54.5
84.1
86.9
43.5
31.0

54.6
48.8
78.0
80.6
35.2
25.6

O
0

O

O
0

4,574
2,942
3,226
2,107
1,044
719
304
116

531
362
379
281
110
66
41
16

27.0
28.2
22.7
21.0
45.5
56.7

73.0
71.8
77.3
79.0
54.5
43.3

63.4
63.0
67.0
68.7
45.5
38.8

73.2
68.0
82.9
80.1
45.5
35.8

67.0
64.6
77.5
77.6
37.1
28.3

O
O

619
438
445
317
143
106
31
16

26.8
32.0
17.1
19.9
54.5
64.2

O
O

4,877
3,146
3,444
2,254
1,063
738
371
154

O

O

White
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

Black
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

0

O

Hispanic origin
Total families
With children under 18 years of
Married-couple families
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by women
With children under 18 years of
Families maintained by men
With children under 18 years of

age
age
age
age

1
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not




0

sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

65

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-69. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family
members
(Numbers in thousands)

Percent of unemployed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

Percent of unemployed:

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
employed
person in
family

With at
least one
person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age ...
Wives
With children under 18 years of age ...
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

5,465
1,082
681
1,150
713
1,396

29.8
37.3
40.3
14.4
12.4
11.8

70.2
62.7
59.7
85.6
87.6
88.2

61.2
48.0
43.7
79.7
81.6
81.0

5,314
1,058
634
1,146
713
1,350

28.6
34.8
41.2
11.5
10.5
9.0

71.4
65.2
58.8
88.5
89.5
91.0

65.0
55.0
48.7
84.1
86.3
87.3

548
480
945
126
76
218

85.3
90.0
31.1
67.3
84.3
22.8

14.7
10.0
68.9
32.7
15.7
77.2

8.5
5.0
57.5
24.1
8.5
71.8

576
488
938
98
45
149

83.4
92.3
33.3
63.9
(2)
28.8

7.7
66.7
36.1
(2)
71.2

12.4
4.6
56.8
31.7
(2)
64.2

4,010
907
563
961
578
1,100

26.9
38.7
41.7
13.8
11.5
10.7

73.1
61.3
58.3
86.2
88.5
89.3

64.2
46.7
42.4
80.4
82.9
82.3

3,850
868
520
969
595
1,059

25.4
36.0
42.7
10.8
9.9
8.1

74.6
64.0
57.3
89.2
90.1
91.9

68.4
53.6
47.1
84.9
87.7
88.2

286
249
512
83
46
161

81.1
87.9
30.9
63.1
(2)
21.1

18.9
12.1
69.1
36.9
(2)
78.9

11.6
6.5
58.1
26.1
(2)
74.5

312
254
467
80
38
96

78.5
91.4
32.3
63.6
(2)
31.9

21.5
8.6
67.7
36.4
(2)
68.1

16.3
4.5
59.0
33.1
(2)
63.9

1,293
131
91
149
106
258

39.1
29.6
33.3
15.7
15.1
15.7

60.9
70.4
66.7
84.3
84.9
84.3

51.3
54.5
50.5
76.6
75.9
75.7

1,294
152
86
142
97
248

38.1
26.6
32.5
14.2
12.7
13.9

61.9
73.4
67.5
85.8
87.3
86.1

54.6
64.5
58.9
80.1
79.0
82.7

250
224
421
36
27
49

90.1
92.3
31.2

9.9
7.7
68.8

5.1
3.2
56.6

247
222
444
14
6
46

90.5
93.4
34.5

9.5
6.6
65.5

6.1
4.3
54.6

598
143
101
106
80
173

27.5
46.2
49.0
21.0
18.5
10.0

72.5
53.8
51.0
79.0
81.5
90.0

62.9
36.5
31.7
73.6
75.0
81.9

693
165
118
136
103
203

28.5
40.5
49.1
15.5
17.1
6.9

71.5
59.5
50.9
84.5
82.9
93.1

65.3
51.7
45.6
81.1
82.1
87.6

61
56
91
13

83.5

16.5

15.9

White
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age ..
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families ....
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Black
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families ....
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men
Hispanic origin
Total unemployed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age .
Wives
With children under 18 years of age .
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women .
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

39
35
94
18
9
25

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families where the
husband, wife or, other person maintaining the family is in the Armed Forces, and
persons in unrelated subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who
maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other
tables in this publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns

66




77.3

67.1

used in aggregating the data.
2
Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-70. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)
III
1988

III
1989
Percent of employed:

Percent of employed:
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total

With no
other
employed
person in
family

With
another
employed
person in
family

With
another
person in
family
employed
full time

Total

With no
other
employed
person in
family

With
another
employed
person in
family

With
another
n^rcAn in

person in
family
employed
full time

TOTAL
1

Total employed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....

94,472
38,957
22,394
27,559
14,732
13,373

21.7
29.2
31.4
7.8
4.1
6.7

78.3
70.8
68.6
92.2
95.9
93.3

67.8
53.8
48.2
87.7
92.2
89.7

95,513
39,208
22,433
28,214
15,020
12,838

21.8
28.8
31.3
7.9
4.0
6.8

78.2
71.2
68.7
92.1
96.0
93.2

68.8
55.3
50.0
88.6
93.6
90.5

6,096
3,925
4,794
2,058
920
1,635

60.1
77.3
22.8
51.3
79.1
16.4

39.9
22.7
77.2
48.7
20.9
83.6

27.1
11.3
67.7
37.4
10.8
77.5

6,331
4,053
4,974
2,164
1,021
1,784

61.4
78.9
23.3
51.1
79.8
15.3

38.6
21.1
76.7
48.9
20.2
84.7

27.7
11.9
68.5
40.2
12.7
79.5

82,274
35,193
20,043
24,539
12,929
11,787

21.1
29.6
31.9
7.5
3.8
6.6

78.9
70.4
68.1
92.5
96.2
93.4

68.1
52.8
46.7
88.1
92.7
89.8

82,925
35,341
19,946
25,070
13,141
11,299

21.1
29.2
31.9
7.6
3.7
6.6

78.9
70.8
68.1
92.4
96.3
93.4

69.3
54.3
48.3
88.9
94.0
90.9

4,314
2,742
3,482
1,657
730
1,303

57.3
75.8
23.2
50.1
77.0
15.5

42.7
24.2
76.8
49.9
23.0
84.5

29.0
11.9
67.3
37.5
11.6
78.5

4,438
2,779
3,533
1,778
827
1,467

59.4
78.7
23.3
49.3
78.2
13.6

40.6
21.3
76.7
50.7
21.8
86.4

29.5
12.0
69.0
41.4
13.6
81.8

9,248
2,643
1,631
2,121
1,265
1,102

27.8
23.6
23.0
10.7
6.0
9.0

72.2
76.4
77.0
89.3
94.0
91.0

63.7
65.4
65.4
83.4
88.4
86.5

9,350
2,653
1,677
2,141
1,274
1,025

28.9
24.7
24.2
11.9
6.7
10.4

71.1
75.3
75.8
88.1
93.3
89.6

63.6
66.2
66.6
84.6
90.9
85.2

1,653
1,113
1,169
313
160
245

68.1
80.9
22.2
59.3
88.8
21.5

31.9
19.1
77.8
40.7
11.2
78.5

21.8
9.6
68.3
33.7
5.7
71.8

1,725
1,174
1,302
294
162
212

66.3
79.1
22.9
64.6
87.5
27.5

33.7
20.9
77.1
35.4
12.5
72.5

23.1
11.7
67.6
29.0
7.2
65.4

6,818
2,652
1,886
1,600
1,033
1,138

24.1
35.4
38.5
7.5
5.6
5.1

75.9
64.6
61.5
92.5
94.4
94.9

67.3
52.9
48.5
87.5
89.7
89.7

7,153
2,821
2,022
1,688
1,123
1,132

24.8
35.3
38.0
8.8
6.1
6.4

75.2
64.7
62.0
91.2
93.9
93.6

68.2
53.4
50.4
87.7
90.4
89.9

526
344
413
240
97
249

60.5
76.0
21.7
42.8
74.5
6.6

39.5
24.0
78.3
57.2
25.5
93.4

29.6
13.0
67.4
46.7
17.4
89.5

506
347
414
285
123
307

61.6
71.4
22.1
43.3
79.9
9.8

38.4
28.6
77.9
56.7
20.1
90.2

30.7
21.2
71.4
53.4
16.3
88.5

White
1

Total employed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
Black
1

Total employed in families
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men ....
Hispanic origin
Total employed in families1
Husbands
With children under 18 years of age
Wives
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in married-couple families
Women who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by women
Men who maintain families
With children under 18 years of age
Relatives in families maintained by men

1
Excludes persons living alone or with nonrelatives, persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the Armed Forces, and
persons in unrelated subfamilies. Estimates for husbands, wives, and women who
maintain families are somewhat different from marital status estimates shown in other
tables in this publication because of differences in definitions and weighting patterns




used in aggregating the data.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.

67

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-71. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic
origin
Type of family, number of
earners, race, and
Hispanic origin

Number of families

Median weekly earnings

II
1988

II
19891

II
1988

42,637
33,839
12,400
9,532
2,121

43,198
34,052
12,175
9,293
2,180

$597

II
1989 1

TOTAL
2

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Other family member
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Husband and other family member(s)
Wife and other family member(s)
Other family members only
Families maintained by women
One earner
Householder
Other family member
Two or more earners
Families maintained by men
One earner
Two or more earners

$622
698
419
492
244
234
850
866
781
557
501
340
269
279
231
570
491
342
720

947

998

2,087
2,119
1,209

2,245
2,107
1,192

910

916

668
418
490
232
236
809
820
804
466
507
330
258
267
224
559
493
379
713

36,570
30,173
11,207
8,743
1,814
18,966
16,766
4,725
1,671

36,640
30,095
10,766
8,349
1,806
19,328
17,208
4,959
1,586

616
676
433
498
237
813
823
349
505

647
708
434
501
245
857
872
363
510

4,828
2,734

5,145
2,859

859
565
230

971
609
296

1,875
1,682
1,740

1,888
1,697
1,858

354

428

432
583
292
324
202
736
766
278
410

439
586
307
374
234
765
778
285
385

3,351
2,571
1,081

3,331
2,447

447
489
304
311
259
662
690
291
392

451
508
294
314
209
681
707
327
403

747

703

21,439
18,976
1,806

21,876
19,501
1,736

465
192

505
135

6,679
4,592
3,645

7,039
4,794
3,796

White
2

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Black
2

Total families with earners
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
Hispanic origin
Total families with earners2
Married-couple families
One earner
Husband
Wife
Two or more earners
Husband and wife
Families maintained by women
Families maintained by men
1
Data for the third quarter of 1989 are not yet available
because of processing problems.
2
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is either self-employed or in the

68




903
127

970
826
105

1,490
1,237

1,477
1,230

479
301

588
295

Armed Forces.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin
groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other
races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-72. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and
median weekly earnings
Type of family and relationship
of unemployed members to wage
and salary earners

Married-couple families2

Number of families
1988

19891

Median weekly earnings

196b

19891

2,405

405

$455

$473

Husband unemployed
Wife only earner
Wife and other earner(s)
Other eamer(s) only

680
93
67
67

627
89
62
62

252
(3)
(3)
(3)

272

Wife unemployed
Husband only earner
Husband and other eamer(s) ...
Other earner(s) only

708

398
356
709
(3)

419
399
692

13

792
663
106
24

Other member(s) unemployed ...
Husband or wife earner
Both husband and wife earners
Other combinations of earners

1,017
406
577
34

986
342
620
23

696
598
111
(3)

691
526
868

Families maintained by women 2 .
Householder unemployed
Other member(s) unemployed..

567
78

489

536
107
428

283
(3)
310

307
193
334

158

109

321

378

Families maintained by men

2

1
Data for the third quarter of 1989 are not yet available
because of processing problems.
2
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or
salary earner or in which the husband, wife, or other per-




592
102

son maintaining the familily is either self-employed or in
the Armed Forces.
3
Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.

69

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-73.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic

Median weekly earnings

1988

II
1989

Total, 16 years and over

84,894

86,631

$381

$395

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

49,492
7,667
41,825

50,263
7,600
42,663

443
253
487

458
266
497

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

35,402
6,148
29,253

36,368
5,884
30,484

313
229
335

329
244
353

31,031
18,032
4,842
1,685

31,277
18,403
4,981
1,706

500
328
317
421

511
346
324
425

7,622
5,106
9,153
7,423

7,764
4,996
9,516
7,988

261
237
412
339

276
253
427
361

White
Men
Women

72,773
43,024
29,750

73,953
43,586
30,366

390
458
315

405
476
333

Black
Men
Women

9,595
5,017
4,578

9,740
5,024
4,717

315
343
295

320
337
309

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

6,742
4,219
2,523

6,885
4,335
2,550

290
307
261

298
315
269

II
1988

1989

SEX AND AGE

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP
Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families
Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.

70




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group
are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY DATA
A-74. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Characteristic

Median weekly earnings

II
1988

1989

Total, 16 years and over

17,702

17,932

$110

$115

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,519
3,151
2,369

5,455
2,996
2,459

106
93
136

109
96
138

12,182
3,831
8,351

12,478
3,937
8,540

112
91
127

118
96
136

Husbands
Wives
Women who maintain families
Men who maintain families

1,447
6,330
878
122

1,412
6,488
978
126

140
134
110
142

145
140
121
121

Other persons in families:
Men
Women
All other men1
All other women1

3,054
3,313
897
1,661

2,996
3,362
919
1,649

92
88
124
112

95
94
131
119

White
Men
Women

15,396
4,669
10,727

15,443
4,512
10,932

111
106
114

117
110
120

Black
Men
Women

1,815
641
1,174

1,918
711
1,206

99
98

103
103
102

1,078
461
617

1,107
435
673

114
121
108

113
116
110

1988

1989

SEX AND AGE

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 years and over
FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX

Hispanic origin
Men
Women

,

The majority of these persons are living alone or with
nonrelatives. Also included are persons in families where the
husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is in the
Armed Forces, and persons in unrelated subfamilies.




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will
not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are
not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups.

71

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-75.

Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and sex
Number of workers
(in thousands)
Occupation and sex

II
1988

1989

Median weekly earnings
II
1988

II
1989

$557
551
561
342
440
366
316
240
130
415
222
427
431
421
430
311
302
388
270
226

$582
571
590
358
460
375
333
246
150
432
229
452
452
453
451
321
310
401
287
249

669
687
650
463
517
474
415
294

695
697
693
466
526
483
406
293

TOTAL
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support

Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing

22,028
11,149
10,879

25,625
3,168

7,995
14,462
8,731
389
1,737
6,605
11,394
3,809

22,707
11,591
11,115
25,549
3,120
8,191
14,239
9,487
367
1,757
7,363
11,532
3,955

3,826
3,759

3,931
3,646

15,510

15,686
7,734
4,158

7,638

3,975
3,897
1,607

3,794
1,670

Men
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing

12,187
6,403
5,784
9,409
1,795
4,507
3,107
4,326
12
1,479
2,836
10,375
3,690
3,752
2,933
11,760
4,619
3,803
3,338
1,436

12,170
6,572
5,599
9,414
1,669
4,584
3,160
4,724
11
1,501
3,212

9,841
4,746
5,095
16,216
1,374

10,536
5,020
5,516
16,136
1,450
3,607
11,078
4,763
356
256
4,151
890
100
74
716
3,881
3,047
243
590
162

10,642
3,855
3,857
2,930
11,806
4,687
3,915
3,204
1,508

0

O

424
249
444
434
423
480
346
363
392
277
228

457
253
464
450
455
486
359
367
408
295
250

466
432
490
303
375
264
303
206
127
316
208
312
385

485
449
507
319
401
274
320
216
151
322
217
325
532

Women
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Data not shown where base is less than 100,000.

72




3,488
11,354
4,405
377
258
3,770

1,019
119
74
826
3,750
3,019
172
559
171

0

O

298
243
241
283
246
219

306
258
257
309
247
245

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-76. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural areas
by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
United States

Metropolitan areas
Central
cities

Total

Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

Suburbs

1988

III
1989

57,003
37,115
65.1
34,635
2,480
6.7
19,888

59,954
68.9
57,338
2,616
4.4
27,040

87,844
61,258
69.7
58,731
2,527
4.1
26,586

24,448
18,813
77.0
17,767
1,046
5.6
5,635

24,494
18,753
76.6
17,670
1,083
5.8
5,741

38,452
31,139
81.0
30,102
1,036
3.3
7,314

39,023
31,650
81.1
30,680
970
3.1
7,372

70,502
41,234
58.5
39,224
2,010
4.9
29,268

28,305
15,995
56.5
14,992
1,004
6.3
12,310

28,449
16,071
56.5
15,117
954
5.9
12,378

41,689
24,322
58.3
23,282
1,039
4.3
17,367

42,053
25,163
59.8
24,106
1,056
4.2
16,891

11,134
6,980
62.7
5,988
992
14.2
4,154

10,829
6,736
62.2
5,792
944
14.0
4,093

4,281
2,487
58.1
2,035
452
18.2
1,794

4,061
2,291
56.4
1,847
444
19.4
1,769

6,853
4,494
65.6
3,953
540
12.0
2,360

6,769
4,445
65.7
3,945
500
11.3
2,323

159,473
107,298
67.3
102,585
4,712
4.4
52,175

121,759
82,555
67.8
78,876
3,679
4.5
39,205

122,027
83,163
68.2
79,610
3,553
4.3
38,864

42,543
28,070
66.0
26,599
1,471
5.2
14,472

42,342
27,844
65.8
26,382
1,462
5.3
14,497

79,217
54,484
68.8
52,277
2,208
4.1
24,733

79,686
55,319
69.4
53,228
2,091
3.8
24,367

20,737
13,453
64.9
11,919
1,534
11.4
7,284

21,061
13,714
65.1
12,171
1,544
11.3
7,347

17,210
11,341
65.9
10,051
1,290
11.4
5,869

17,537
11,552
65.9
10,265
1,287
11.1
5,985

11,882
7,511
63.2
6,554
957
12.7
4,371

11,959
7,479
62.5
6,535
944
12.6
4,480

5,328
3,830
71.9
3,497
334
8.7
1,498

5,578
4,074
73.0
3,730
343
8.4
1,505

13,382
9,103
68.0
8,399
704
7.7
4,278

13,853
9,463
68.3
8,660
803
8.5
4,390

12,353
8,396
68.0
7,781
615
7.3
3,957

12,833
8,735
68.1
8,011
725
8.3
4,098

7,131
4,678
65.6
4,287
392
8.4
2,452

7,342
4,730
64.4
4,275
455
9.6
2,613

5,222
3,718
71.2
3,495
223
6.0
1,504

5,491
4,006
73.0
3,735
270
6.7
1,485

III
1988

III
1989

184,840
123,042
66.6
116,426
6,617
5.4
61,798

186,602
125,156
67.1
118,689

1988

1989

5.2
61,447

144,028
97,249
67.5
92,132
5,117
5.3
46,779

144,848
98,373
67.9
93,366
5,007
5.1
46,475

57,034
37,296
65.4
34,794
2,502
6.7
19,739

80,676
63,219
78.4
60,539
2,680
4.2
17,457

81,741
64,079
78.4
61,466
2,612
4.1
17,662

62,900
49,952
79.4
47,869
2,083
4.2
12,949

63,516
50,403
79.4
48,350
2,053
4.1
13,113

89,664
50,745
56.6
48,114
2,631
5.2
38,919

90,685
52,193
57.6
49,574
2,619
5.0
38,492

40,317
57.6
38,274
2,043
5.1
29,677

14,500
9,078
62.6
7,772
1,306
14.4
5,423

14,177
8,884
62.7
7,649
1,235
13.9
5,293

158,347
105,829
66.8
100,941
4,888
4.6
52,518

1988

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




73

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-76. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan, nonmetropolitan, urban, and rural
areas by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Urban
areas

Nonmetropolitan areas
Farm

Total

Employment status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
III
1988

III
1989

40,812

41,755

25,793
63.2
24,294
1,499

26,783
64.1
25,323

1988

Rural

Nonfarm
III
1989

III
1988

1989

III
1988

III
1988

1989

136,086
91,640
67.3

49,145
32,168
65.5

50,517
33,516
66.3

86,726
4,913
5.4
44,446

30,517
1,651
5.1
16,977

31,963
1,553

58,889
46,364
78.7

21,996
17,006
77.3

22,852
17,715
77.5

44,362
2,002
4.3
12,525

16,353
653

17,104
610
3.4
5,137

67,125
39,024

22,964
12,503
54.4
11,845
658
5.3
10,461

23,560
13,170

4,185
2,658
63.5
2,318
340
12.8
1,526

4,105
2,631
64.1

45,568
29,980
65.8
28,554
1,426

46,898

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

5.8
15,019

1,459
5.4
14,972

2,873
2,054

2,776
1,984

37,940
23,739

71.5

71.5

2,018

1,941
42
2.1

792

62.6
22,276
1,463
6.2
14,201

1,354

16,403

1,132
83.6
1,121
12
1.0
222

12,114
73.8
11,532
582
4.8

36
1.8
818

23,382

135,695
90,875
67.0
85,909

1,417
5.7

4,966
5.5

14,180

44,821

16,870
12,543
74.4

46,211

38,979

24,799
63.6

4.6
17,001

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

17,774
13,265
74.6

12,670
595
4.5

18,224

13,676
75.0
13,116
560
4.1

1,370
1,151
84.0
1,138
13
1.1
219

4,508

4,549

19,672
10,430
53.0

1,256
728
58.0

1,211

18,416

706

9,840

20,183
10,960
54.3
10,350

713

590
5.7
9,242

609
5.6
9,223

16
2.2
528

686
21

9,702
52.7
9,127
575
5.9

3,366
2,097
62.3

3,347
2,147
64.1
1,857
290
13.5

246
174
70.9
167
7
4.1
72

210
145
69.1
135

2,803

2,683

2,016
71.9

1,930

4,290

11,995
548
4.4
4,327

58,678
78.8
44,186
2,025
4.4

12,467

3.8

4,990

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

58.3

2.9
505

18,972
10,253
54.0

9,665

66,702
38,244
57.3
36,269

8,714

589
5.7
8,718

28,458

28,102

3,120
1,923
61.6
1,617
306
15.9

3,137
2,002
63.8
1,722
280
14.0

10,316
6,420
62.2
5,454

10,071
6,252

1,197

1,135

3,896

33,784
21,258
62.9
20,083

34,763
22,204
63.9

112,779
75,849
67.3
72,387

1,975
5.2

58.1
37,047
1,977

5.1

55.9
12,527
643

4.9
10,390

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1,784
314
14.9
1,269

1,200

10
7.0
65

966
15.0

62.1
5,317
935
15.0
3,819

2,332
300
11.4
1,474

White
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

36,587
23,274
63.6
22,065
1,209
5.2
13,313

37,446
24,134
64.5
22,975
1,159
4.8
13,311

3,528
2,112
59.9
1,868
244
11.5
1,415

3,524
2,162
61.4

1,029
707
68.7
618
89
12.6
321

1,020
728
71.4
650
78
10.8
292

1,982
34
1.7
787

71.9
1,894
36
1.9
753

23

70
39
55.3
33
6
(1)
31

1,175
5.5
12,527

21,081
1,123
5.1
12,558

3,462
4.6
36,930

112,575
76,076

67.6
72,701
3,375
4.4
36,499

4.8
15,588

31,222
66.6
29,884
1,338
4.3

15,676

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1,906
257
11.9
1,362

3,477
2,084
59.9

17,861

1,842
242
11.6
1,393

3,454
2,123
61.5
1,873
250
11.8
1,331

976
670
68.7
588
82
12.2
305

977
697
71.3
619
77
11.1
280

12,299
8,361

12,633

68.0
7,727
634
7.6
3,938

68.2
7,892
720
8.4
4,022

11,688
65.4
10,339
1,350
11.5
6,173

18,193
11,906
65.4
10,542

1,364
11.5
6,287

2,876
1,765

61.4
1,580
184
10.4
1,111

2,868
1,808
63.0
1,628
179

9.9
1,060

Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are

74




16

12

8,612

1,082
743
68.6
673
70
9.4
340

1,219
851
69.8
768
83

9.7
368

included in both the white and black population groups. These data are based on
1980 census designations and are not comparable to data published through the
first quarter of 1984.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-77. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race and Hispanic
origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Metropolitan areas

Total United States
Employment status, race, and
Hispanic origin

Poverty
areas

Nonpoverty
areas
III
1989

1988

1989

1988

27,431
15,975
58.2
14,348
1,627
10.2
8.3
9.5
26.3
26.7
25.7
11,456

27,554
16,081
58.4
14,447
1,634
10.2
8.2
9.6
26.1
25.5
26.9
11,473

157,409
107,067
68.0
102,078
4,990
4.7
3.6
4.5
12.5
12.8
12.2
50,342

Poverty
areas

1988

1989

Nonmetropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas
III
1988

1989

Poverty
areas

1988

Nonpoverty
areas

1989

1988

1989

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

9,298
5,495
59.1
5,039
456
8.3
6.0
8.0
23.7
21.4
26.9
3,804

9,495
5,672
59.7
5,215
458
8.1
5.7
8.7
20.2
18.5
22.2
3,823

31,514
20,298
64.4
19,255
1,043
5.1
4.1
5.0
12.5
11.4
13.7
11,216

32,259
21,110
65.4
20,109
1,002
4.7
3.7
4.7
11.7
10.3
13.3
11,149

112,312
77,420
68.9
74,374
3,046
3.9
3.1
3.9
10.5
10.5
10.4
34,892

6,819
4,094
60.0
3,828
267
6.5
4.4
6.6
19.5
18.0
21.9
2,725

6,988
4,243
60.7
3,984
259
6.1
5.0
6.1
13.7
11.8
16.4
2,746

29,768
19,180
64.4
18,237
943
4.9
3.9
4.8
12.1
11.3
12.8
10,588

30,457
19,892
65.3
18,992
900
4.5
3.5
4.5
11.2
10.0
12.7
10,566

2,172
1,236
56.9
1,071
165
13.4
10.3
11.9
33.6
31.2
35.9
936

2,194
1,255
57.2
1,075
180
14.3
8.0
16.0
36.0
38.9
32.9
939

1,356
876
64.6
797
79
9.0
7.0
8.8
20.7

1,330
907
68.2
831
77
8.5
7.3
7.6
19.5
12.8

480

423

387
258
66.7
227
31
11.8
5.9
15.8

341
229
67.1
199
30
13.1
9.3
16.1

642
449
70.0
391
59
13.1
12.1
12.9

679
499
73.5
451
48
9.7
7.7
7.8
28.4

159,049 18,133 18,058 125,895 126,789
109,075 10,480 10,408 86,769 87,965
69.4
68.9
57.6
57.8
68.6
104,243
9,309 9,232 82,823 84,134
3,946 3,831
1,176
4,832
1,171
4.4
4.4
4.5
11.3
11.2
3.5
3.5
9.7
9.5
3.4
4.3
4.4
4.2
10.1
10.3
12.0
12.5
29.9
27.8
12.0
11.5
30.1
29.9
11.8
13.2
12.5
11.8
29.6
25.0
12.3
49,974
7,653 7,650 39,126 38,825

White
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

16,447 16,704 141,900 142,769
9,804 9,986 96,025 97,312
68.2
67.7
59.8
59.6
9,074 9,220 91,867 93,366
730
3,946
766 4,158
4.1
7.4
4.3
7.7
3.2
3.4
6.1
6.3
7.1
4.0
4.2
7.4
10.6
18.9
19.0
11.5
10.4
20.7
11.7
19.8
16.7
11.0
11.2
17.9
6,643 6,718 45,875 45,457

9,628
5,710
59.3
5,247
463
8.1
7.2
7.4
18.6
22.8
12.8
3,918

9,715
5,743
59.1
5,236
508
8.8
7.3
8.4
23.1
26.5
18.9
3,972

9,751
5,517
56.6
4,683
834
15.1
12.8
13.2
38.6
38.2
39.0
4,234

9,707 10,986 11,354
8,253
7,936
5,461
72.7
72.2
56.3
7,529
7,236
4,642
724
700
819
8.8
15.0
8.8
12.7
6.8
6.4
13.3
7.8
8.5
38.8
25.5
24.8
37.3
22.0
24.7
40.4
29.5
24.9
4,246 3,050 3,101

7,579
4,281
56.5
3,612
669
15.6
13.6
13.5
40.5
40.6
40.3
3,299

7,513
4,207
56.0
3,567
640
15.2
14.1
12.5
40.0
36.6
43.2
3,307

9,631 10,023
7,346
7,060
73.3
73.3
6,439 6,698
647
621
8.8
8.8
6.8
6.3
7.9
8.5
26.4
25.3
23.4
26.5
24.1
29.6
2,570 2,678

4,569
2,779
60.8
2,508
271
9.7
7.9
9.6
21.9
26.7
15.4
1,789

4,522
2,698
59.7
2,379
318
11.8
9.5
11.9
27.3
29.6
24.6
1,824

8,813
6,324
71.8
5,891
433
6.9
5.7
6.4
17.1
19.0
14.8
2,489

4,182
2,521
60.3
2,281
240
9.5
8.1
9.0
20.7
27.2
11.7
1,661

4,181
2,469
59.1
2,180
289
11.7
9.5
11.5
28.0
31.3
24.3
1,712

8,171
5,875
71.9
5,500
375
6.4
5.2
5.9
17.0
19.6
13.6
2,296

112,132
76,845
68.5
73,629
3,216
4.2
3.3
4.0
11.3
11.9
10.8
35,287

Black
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force

0
0

0

Hispanic origin
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men
Women
Not in labor force
1

Data not shown where base is less than 60,000.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and




9,331
6,765
72.5
6,281
485
7.2
6.0
6.8
16.6
15.2
18.5
2,566

8,652
6,266
72.4
5,830
436
7.0
5.9
6.8
15.4
15.5
15.3
2,386

0
0
0

129

O
0
0

112

0
O
0

193

0
0
180

Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. These
data are based on 1980 census designations and are not comparable to data
published through the first quarter of 1984.

75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, 1937 to date

(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year

and

Total

month

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
and
Services
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages

1937 ..
1938 ...
1939 ...

31,011
29.194
30,603

27.255
25.311
26,608

12,936
11,401
12,297

1,015
891
854

1.127
1,070
1,165

10,794
9,440
10,278

18,075
17,793
18,306

3,134
2,863
2,936

0)
(1)

1,762

(1)
(1)
4,664

1.417
1,410
1,447

3,503
3,458
3,502

(1)
(1)
905

(1)
(1)
(1)

1940 ...
1941 ..
1942 ..
1943 ..
1944 ..
1945 ..
1946 ..
1947 ...
1948 ...
1949 ...

32,361
36.539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40.374
41,652
43.857
44,866
43,754

28,159
31.877
34.624
36,356
35,822
34,431
36.056
38,382
39.216
37,897

13,221
15.963
18,470
20,114
19,328
17,507
17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

925
957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930

1,311
1,814
2,198
1,587
1,108
1.147
1,683
2.009
2,198
2,194

10,985
13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

19,140
20,574
21,636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

3,038
3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

1,835
1,960
1,906
1,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,602

4,914
5,251
5,212
5,160
5,214
5,365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662

1,485
1,525
1,509
1,481
1,461
1,481
1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

3,665
3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240

996
1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1950 ...
1951 ...
1952 ...
1953 ...
1954 ...
1955 ...
1956 ...
1957 ...
1958 ...
19592 .,

45.197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51.324
53,268

39,170
41,430
42.185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45.091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,964
19,513
20,411

901
929
898
866
791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16.882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,266
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4.244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,635
2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082

6,751
7,015
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7,840
7,858
7,770
8,045

1,888
1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,357
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

(1)
(1)
(11)
()
(1)

1,168
1,250
1,328
1,415
1,484

3,558
3,819
4,071
4,232
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907

8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798

2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512

7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6,660
6,904

1970 ...
1971 ...
1972 ...
1973 ...
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976 ...
1977 ...
1978 ...
1979 ...

70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4.463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4.713
4,923
5,136

3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204

11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3,179
3,273
3,377
3,474
3,541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

90,406
91,156
89,566
90,200
94.496
97,519
99,525
102,200
105,584

74,166
75,126
73,729
74.330
78,472
81,125
82,832
85,190
88,212

25,658
25,497
23,813
23,334
24,727
24,859
24,558
24,708
25,249

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
721

4,346
4,188
3,905
3,948
4,383
4,673
4,816
4,967
5,125

20,285
20,170
18.781
18,434
19,378
19,260
18,965
19,024
19,403

64,748
65,659
65,753
66,866
69,769
72,660
74,967
77,492
80,335

5,146
5,165
5,082
4,954
5,159
5,238
5,255
5,372
5,548

5,275
5,358
5,278
5,268
5,555
5,717
5,753
5,844
6,029

15,035
15,189
15,179
15,613
16,545
17,356
17,930
18,483
19,110

5,160
5,298
5,341
5,468
5,689
5,955
6,283
6,547
6,676

17,890
18,619
19,036
19,694
20,797
22,000
23,053
24,236
25,600

2,866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971

3,610
3,640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,063

9,765

9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987

...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...

0)

o

0

9,619
9,458

9,434

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted

1988:
September
October
November
December
1989:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August"
September*
1
2

106,207
106,475
106.824
107.097

88,736
88,991
89,299
89,574

25,313
25,384
25,460
25,513

719
717
712
711

5,163
5,162
5,191
5,213

19,431
19,505
19,557
19,589

80,894
81,091
81,364
81,584

5,581
5,596
5,616
5,634

6,071
6,086
6,104
6,125

19,188
19,229
19,282
19,328

6,695
6,710
6,726
6,744

25,888
25,986
26,111
26,230

2,985
2,986
2,983
2,981

4,088
4,081
4,085
4,085

10,398
10,417
10,457
10,457

107,442
107,711
107,888
108,101
108,310
108,607
108,767
108,855
109,064

89,897
90,124
90,291
90,475
90,623
90,884
91,016
91,075
91,189

25,626
25,629
25,646
25,671
25,672
25,648
25,669
25,696
25,588

711
711
714
720
722
715
706
730
725

5,267
5,270
5,252
5,279
5,283
5,283
5,314
5,316
5,316

19,648

81,816
82,082
82,242
82,430
82,638
82,959
83,098
83,159
83,476

5,654
5,667
5,666
5,682
5,700
5,716
5,736
5,625
5,717

6,146
6,171
6,197
6,206
6,222
6,230
6,237
6,254
6,263

19,407
19,460
19,488
19,489
19,528
19,551
19,586
19,620
19,624

6,746
6,763
6,774
6,776
6,790
6,808
6,815
6,834
6,844

26,318
26,434
26,520
26,651
26,711
26,931
26,973
27,046
27,153

2,978
2,982
2,982
2,982
2,999
2,995
3,000
2,998
2,996

4,084
4,095
4,102
4,111
4,119
4,136
4,145
4,161
4,171

10,483
10,510
10,513
10,533
10,569
10,592
10,606
10,621
10,708

19,680
19,672
19,667
19,650
19,649
19,650
19,547

Not available.

Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959
benchmark month.
" = preliminary.




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1985) are subject to revision.

77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1989P

509

535

64.2
9.7
13.8

42.1
6.9
10.7

41.7
6.8
10.3

51.3
8.1
11.3

51.0
8.1
11.0

122.0
120.2

122.5
120.6

96.2
94.4

119.0
117.2

274.5
101.0
173.5

270.6
99.2
171.4

268.4
98.0
170.4

271.8
97.2
174.6

91.4
34.2

90.9
33.9

93.2
34.5

93.2
34.4

4,353

4,304

4,428

4,479

714

740

53.9
8.4
13.7

53.4
8.4
13.4

64.4
9.8
14.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

150.0
147.9

149.8
147.6

121.6
119.5

145.0
142.9

Oil and gas extraction
13
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids ... 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

411.4
201.9
209.5

406.5
199.0
207.5

406.4
199.1
207.3

409.3
198.1
211.2

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

118.7
43.2
38.0
17.1

118.1
42.9
37.7
17.1

121.5
43.6
38.8
18.1

121.2
43.4
38.9
17.9

5,497

5,442

5,622

5,672

14
142
144
147

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

734

526

728

10
101
102




July
1989

530

734

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

78

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989P

89,431 89,416 91,733 91,967 91,874 72,498 72,456 74,324 74,537 74,404

Mining

See footnotes at end of table.

Aug.
1988

105,729 106,601 108,540 108,638 109,453

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

Sept.
1989P

405.7

5,598

530

4,415

1,449.4 1,426.3 1,463.8 1,479.1 1,451.6 1,078.7 1,056.7 1,078.3 1,093.5
555.9
571.8
578.6
775.8
792.3
566.1
765.1
799.3
46.5
21.8
20.9
21.2
49.4
22.7
48.0
47.1
485.6 493.7
624.2 613.2 625.0
489.9 479.0
632.7
850.3
298.6
551.7

848.1
294.1
554.0

867.2
288.1
579.1

879.2
290.4
588.8

721.5
252.6
468.9

19,587 19,568

11,448

11,524

784.5
96.8
207.2
169.0
34.5
277.3
111.4
73.7
24.5
37.4
44.4
72.9
48.3
85.9

783.0
94.7
210.2
171.8
34.9
274.0
108.8
72.8
24.4
38.5
43.9
72.9
48.5
87.3

731.3
241.9
489.4

743.7
244.3
499.4

2,553.0 2,527.9 2,618.1 2,642.0
513.8
507.6
508.7
513.3
169.9
162.8
158.0
166.5
446.0
444.0
447.2 452.7
472.9
468.7
463.2
469.5
169.0
160.2
155.9
165.9
195.9
183.1
179.8
190.6

3,197.6 3,167.8 3,291.2 3,313.6
680.6
679.8
691.3 691.2
191.1
185.9
197.4 200.1
568.0
565.0
575.1
580.1
538.9
535.1
543.4
547.7
204.5
199.9 210.6 213.2
227.1
224.1 236.0
241.7
19,504

719.0
248.6
470.4

19,709

13,320

13,413

13,296

13,458

13,461

11,490 11,538 11,535

7,628

7,712

7,618

7,670

7,682

656.0
80.8
182.4
148.7
30.5
228.8
90.6
59.2
21.4
33.7
37.9
56.0
39.9
70.1

653.2
78.3
185.0
151.2
30.8
225.6
88.2
58.4
21.2
34.7
37.2
55.7
39.8
71.4

654.5
84.1
184.5
151.2
30.5
224.7
87.8
57.5
21.4
33.7
37.2
55.1
40.8
68.9

654.8
83.6
184.5
150.7
31.1
224.3
87.1
57.5
21.4
33.6
37.0
55.7
41.5
69.7

649.3

786.5
101.4
211.0
172.6
34.9
274.1
109.1
71.9
24.6
37.3
43.8
71.7
49.8
84.5

19,730

787.4
100.8
211.3
172.5
35.4
273.9
108.3
72.0
24.7
37.3
43.6
72.4
50.6
85.4

781.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers

All employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989"

Sept.
1989P

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

526.9
304.4
137.8
99.7
23.2
30.9
70.7
33.7
79.8
38.3

531.5
307.7
138.4
100.6
24.4
30.9
70.7
33.8
80.8
38.5

523.6
299.6
133.9
100.4
22.6
29.4
70.8
33.4
81.4
38.4

527.5
301.7
135.2
101.1
21.7
30.3
70.2
34.5
82.3
38.8

529.7

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

612.7
15.9
86.2
44.5
41.7
55.4
20.2
39.5
37.4
223.6
21.1
75.0
107.7
120.1
22.1
9.1
26.5

611.6
15.9
86.5
43.8
42.7
55.2
19.7
39.0
37.7
222.8
21.3
74.7
106.9
120.3
22.1
8.9
26.7

612.5
16.4
83.5
42.4
41.1
55.5
20.1
38.2
38.5
224.5
19.9
77.1
107.6
120.4
22.7
8.8
26.0

613.2
16.5
84.0
42.7
41.3
56.1
19.9
38.3
38.6
224.3
19.9
76.8
107.8
120.1
22.8
8.6
26.1

607.4
_
_
_
-

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

772.8
277.1
208.1
25.0
137.9
85.2
8.8
29.1
44.7
26.4
180.6
23.5
28.1
76.5
87.4
54.0

781.1
276.7
207.9
24.9
142.0
87.3
9.6
30.2
45.1
26.9
181.5
23.4
28.4
77.7
90.2
55.3

776.0
277.5
208.5
25.0
139.7
83.4
8.8
31.3
45.9
27.2
178.1
23.1
27.7
74.1
88.4
51.9

783.6
276.1
207.7
24.6
143.8
87.1
9.0
31.4
45.7
27.0
181.4
23.5
27.8
76.9
90.1
53.3

779.9
274.4
_

Fabricated metal products
34
Metal cans and shipping containers
341
Metal cans
3411
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
342
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
3433
Fabricated structural metal products
344
Fabricated structural metal
3441
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work
3446

-

_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

419.9
256.5
120.4
83.5
18.1
24.1
53.2
26.3
58.2
25.7

425.4
260.4
121.2
84.5
19.4
24.1
53.4
26.5
59.2
25.9

414.7
252.0
116.8
83.7
17.6
22.6
51.8
26.0
58.8
26.1

419.4
254.0
117.9
84.4
16.8
23.3
51.7
27.2
60.0
26.5

421.3

479.3
12.5
74.7
40.5
34.2
42.1
15.5
30.8
29.8
173.9
13.8
57.6
87.1
88.7
15.4
6.9
-

477.4
12.5
74.7
39.8
34.9
41.9
15.0
30.7
30.0
172.7
13.9
57.0
86.4
88.6
15.3
6.6
-

477.0
13.2
72.0
38.5
33.5
42.6
15.4
29.8
30.6
173.4
13.0
58.9
86.1
88.3
16.3
6.5
-

477.9
13.3
72.6
38.8
33.8
43.3
15.3
29.7
30.8
173.0
13.0
58.5
86.2
88.2
16.3
6.4
-

472.4
_

591.7
215.2
163.1
19.0
110.7
69.6
6.5
23.0
33.0
20.0
129.6
18.0
19.3
55.5
70.1
44.2

599.9
214.6
162.7
18.8
114.5
71.7
7.3
23.8
33.5
20.5
130.9
18.0
19.5
56.8
72.7
45.4

591.1
213.8
162.1
18.8
111.2
67.9
6.8
24.6
34.5
21.1
127.2
17.6
18.4
53.8
70.1
41.7

597.8
213.0
161.9
18.5
115.2
71.4
7.0
24.7
34.0
20.8
130.0
18.0
18.5
56.2
71.3
43.0

594.3
210.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_

1,430.4 1,443.9 1,430.3 1,435.2 1,442.9 1,064.9 1,078.5 1,057.0 1,063.8 1,072.1
_
45.3
53.4
45.9
53.6
52.6
53.2
46.2
46.2
_
42.7
37.2
42.4
42.7
42.1
37.1
36.6
37.2
_
101.8 102.7
138.7 138.8 132.7 132.1
97.2
97.3
_
_
46.7
47.0
33.9
45.0
44.9
33.8
32.8
32.5
56.4
_
57.2
61.1
75.7
60.4
76.8
80.8
80.7
_
43.8
60.7
_
60.2
61.2
60.3
44.6
43.4
43.3
_
_
24.8
18.2
26.0
25.7
24.8
19.0
18.8
18.2
_
_
22.5
16.0
15.8
22.6
21.8
22.8
15.4
14.8
_
310.1
_
432.9 436.4 438.4 438.8
314.5
313.1
314.1
_
_
78.2
56.8
78.8
79.1
78.5
56.8
56.7
57.2
_
_
63.4
86.0
84.5
84.6
84.2
61.9
62.3
61.8
_
_
101.2 105.2 106.9 107.6
67.0
72.4
71.8
71.2
75.7
100.7 100.8 100.9 101.2
76.0
75.6
75.8
32.4
24.0
33.3
33.5
33.4
24.2
24.3
24.8

See footnotes at end of table.




79

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Cnrit*
uUUc

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment ....
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves .
Machinery, except electrical, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

2,084.1 2,094.6 2,145.1 2,142.5 2,147.3 1,247.6 1,259.7 1,295.7 1,292.4 1,298.4
62.3
63.4
62.5
96.3
62.5
97.1
94.7
94.1
_
_
16.7
16.6
14.8
28.7
14.6
28.4
25.3
24.9
_
47.7
45.6
46.8
67.6
47.9
69.4
68.7
69.2
73.7
75.6
74.1
70.6
106.1
104.1
103.1
100.3
_
_
55.8
53.3
57.0
81.0
52.2
79.6
76.8
76.0
_
140.8
146.6
145.0
239.0
140.7
237.0
230.1
230.3
_
54.2
51.5
53.6
86.9
51.6
82.8
86.3
82.8
_
10.2
10.0
10.1
16.7
10.2
16.5
16.3
16.5
25.5
24.9
24.5
42.3
25.5
42.3
42.4
42.0
_
_
19.7
19.0
36.5
19.1
35.4
20.1
36.9
35.7
_
18.8
19.9
19.2
29.0
18.7
28.1
27.2
27.3
_
240.3
240.4
229.6
334.5
318.7
224.8
334.3
314.3
_
_
34.7
35.0
32.0
53.8
31.2
53.9
49.9
49.3
_
_
12.4
12.6
12.0
19.5
19.6
18.7
18.5
11.8
120.3
120.0
115.9
113.4
156.1
156.1
150.6
148.2
_
44.1
44.0
42.0
62.0
41.3
61.9
58.8
58.1
16.4
16.3
16.4
16.4
23.5
23.1
22.5
22.6
_
106.0
106.6
104.4
178.0
103.3
179.0
174.0
172.4
_
_
21.5
22.0
21.2
35.7
20.9
36.3
35.4
35.0
_
13.9
13.8
14.0
14.0
20.9
20.8
21.0
20.9
16.8
17.1
17.7
28.9
29.5
29.1
17.8
29.0
165.4
166.4
161.5
160.2
256.1
257.1
250.3
249.4
_
26.8
26.6
25.7
25.7
45.8
44.6
45.6
44.5
34.0
34.1
32.9
43.7
32.1
44.0
42.5
41.7
_
12.7
12.9
13.0
13.1
22.6
22.9
22.6
22.3
21.7
21.5
32.0
19.9
19.6
32.1
30.8
30.6
_
_
12.2
12.2
11.7
17.7
11.9
17.6
17.1
17.2
12.7
12.4
12.9
MA
18.7
19.0
18.4
18.3
_
157.9
158.6
154.3
153.6
476.6 474.6 477.1 476.8
132.8
133.2
129.0
421.3
128.3
421.5
421.4
419.3
_
134.4
137.6
186.8
131.8
132.6
190.8
183.7
184.3
_
97.3
100.0
94.8
94.0
131.0
134.5
128.3
127.6
203.6 203.9
201.0
268.9
199.4
268.6
264.8
263.0
_
22.6
22.3
23.7
28.8
24.5
30.0
28.7
30.9
181.3
181.3
175.7
176.5
240.1
233.0 233.9
239.9
-

Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634

2,073.2 2,077.8 2,027.6 2,032.4 2,026.2 1,223.6 1,233.3 1,183.2 1,191.3 1,190.8
75.0
74.5
75.2
106.1
76.5
107.2
105.0
105.9
37.8
36.6
52.4
38.3
51.4
38.1
53.1
52.6
_
37.2
37.9
53.7
38.2
37.1
54.1
52.4
54.5
_
_
129.0
130.7
128.2
185.2
185.1
129.6
187.0
184.0
_
_
70.0
71.6
89.4
71.5
70.1
89.7
90.9
91.0
36.0
35.9
35.1
35.0
61.1
61.0
59.8
59.8
_
_
110.0
137.8
108.3
112.9
115.2
140.6
135.7
141.9
_
_
22.9
23.5
24.1
27.9
29.7
23.8
29.0
28.8
_
18.4
18.0
23.0
18.6
18.6
22.8
22.2
22.8
29.8
28.2
31.2
30.5
38.1
38.6
36.3
39.0
-

See footnotes at end of table.

80




99.7
49.3
50.4
224.8
31.2
98.2
82.9
121.0
78.8
42.2
76.3
42.4
223.5
76.4
54.0

101.1
50.3
50.8
230.5
31.9
102.2
83.9
122.5
80.0
42.5
76.2
42.2
224.6
76.6
54.4

99.2
48.6
50.6
221.9
32.8
96.6
80.0
126.1
80.8
45.3
71.6
39.8
226.6
79.1
55.6

98.5
47.9
50.6
225.2
32.0
98.0
82.6
129.5
83.9
45.6
71.0
39.6
226.0
78.3
56.0

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

76.5
40.6
35.9
178.5
24.0
82.2
63.0
96.9
63.6
33.3
48.4
24.3
163.0
51.5
41.3

77.7
41.5
36.2
183.6
24.5
86.0
63.9
98.0
64.4
33.6
48.3
24.0
164.2
51.8
41.6

75.3
39.3
36.0
175.4
25.3
80.1
60.5
99.8
64.5
35.3
43.1
20.9
163.5
52.9
42.3

75.2
39.1
36.1
178.0
24.4
81.4
62.6
102.9
67.3
35.6
43.3
21.4
163.1
52.4
42.4

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electrical and electronic equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

197.0
26.6
77.9
16.2
27.7
86.2
63.6
565.9
111.7
454.2
638.0
38.8
265.4
256.7
156.5
29.6
68.4

Sept.
1988

199.0
26.5
78.7
16.5
28.1
88.1
64.7
562.6
110.9
451.7
637.0
38.9
264.9
256.5
156.9
29.6
68.5

July
1989

194.1
26.2
75.8
16.3
27.0
94.0
70.0
539.5
102.5
437.0
618.6
38.3
259.8
248.8
152.8
26.8
68.4

Aug.
1989P

195.2
25.5
76.5
16.4
28.0
96.0
71.6
536.6
102.5
434.1
618.9
38.4
259.0
250.2
156.6
29.2
68.1

Sept.
1989"

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

Aug.
1988

142.4
22.7
50.8
12.0
21.1
59.9
42.4
235.9
65.9
170.0
358.7
25.0
104.3
172.2
110.4
22.7
52.3

Sept.
1988

144.0
22.6
51.2
12.1
21.5
61.8
43.8
235.1
66.2
168.9
359.8
25.2
105.2
172.3
111.3
22.7
52.4

July
1989

139.3
22.4
49.0
12.0
19.8
65.9
47.7
215.6
60.6
155.0
343.4
24.1
97.4
169.1
105.5
20.0
52.1

Aug.
1989P

140.2
21.5
49.5
12.2
20.9
68.2
49.3
214.9
60.6
154.3
345.1
24.1
97.7
171.1
108.9
22.4
51.9

Sept.
1989P

_

_

2,017.1 2,053.1 2,023.3 2,035.1 2,041.8 1,244.3 1,281.3 1,240.7 1,252.8 1,262.2
833.1 865.5 828.5 846.7 847.1 645.7 676.8 631.7 649.4 647.1
_
_
359.9 333.7 354.6
336.1
250.0 272.8 240.7 260.8
_
_
43.7
43.7
34.5
34.8
34.1
34.0
44.3
44.6
400.6 408.8 401.2 401.2
319.7 327.9 317.7 317.7
_
31.7
29.7
31.8
23.2
23.5
25.2
25.3
29.3
_
691.6 694.4 703.9
332.7 336.7 340.0 335.8
700.3
168.1
167.9
367.1 382.9 383.5
366.6
160.3
159.0
_
154.0
74.6
147.4
151.9
71.8
76.5
73.3
150.3
_
97.5
100.4
169.4
170.7
173.3
173.1
95.9
99.9
136.7
185.9
186.4
137.9
138.5
183.3
134.9
185.6
_
115.5
116.9
83.7
120.6
83.7
79.9
81.3
120.8
_
62.7
69.5
57.2
64.8
70.4
53.0
58.0
51.2
_
_
32.7
29.0
28.6
25.3
24.0
39.0
38.5
34.1
_
_
207.1 206.4
212.0
212.5
63.5
63.3
63.3
63.1
_
_
154.9
43.4
152.3
154.5
42.9
42.9
43.6
152.7
_
33.0
46.6
50.1
50.1
31.0
31.5
33.6
47.2
21.4
21.3
14.7
14.8
16.7
16.5
18.9
19.1
-

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

756.5
95.7
262.4
48.7
60.1
107.7
29.8
203.6
101.7
87.3
39.3
114.2
11.5

755.0
96.4
263.0
49.2
60.2
107.4
29.9
202.7
100.5
87.7
39.2
112.0
11.8

781.4
99.9
271.7
50.0
63.9
109.7
30.5
211.8
106.2
90.5
39.3
117.3
10.9

783.6
100.0
271.7
49.8
63.8
110.2
30.3
212.5
106.2
91.3
40.4
117.2
11.5

781.2
_
_
_
_
_
-

415.7
43.0
149.9
32.0
32.2
54.7
15.3
123.0
59.0
55.7
26.8
49.2
8.5

416.7
43.5
151.3
32.5
32.2
54.9
15.4
122.3
58.1
56.0
27.1
48.2
8.9

428.9
45.9
154.5
33.4
34.0
55.1
16.2
126.8
61.4
56.9
26.8
50.6
8.1

431.1
46.3
154.2
33.3
34.2
54.9
16.2
127.7
61.6
57.6
28.1
50.2
8.4

432.4
_
_
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles...
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

390.2
54.2
38.6
13.1
104.8
46.7
58.1
33.8
42.6
22.4
141.7
61.4

391.9
55.3
39.6
13.2
105.4
47.3
58.1
33.5
42.8
22.4
141.7
62.0

383.4
50.8
36.6
12.9
105.3
44.8
60.5
34.3
40.0
21.2
140.1
61.3

397.0
54.1
39.1
13.1
107.1
47.7
59.4
34.4
46.8
26.1
141.5
62.0

397.5
-

284.8
38.0
26.9
11.0
77.9
34.1
43.8
23.8
33.5
17.4
100.6
42.8

286.6
39.0
27.9
11.0
78.8
34.5
44.3
23.5
33.6
17.3
100.7
42.9

275.6
35.2
25.4
10.6
76.6
31.5
45.1
23.9
30.8
15.9
98.5
42.1

288.9
38.4
27.5
10.8
78.5
34.3
44.2
23.9
37.6
20.8
99.7
42.7

289.0
_

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Pnrip
OUUC

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

,

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
See footnotes at end of table.

82




23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

5,678 5,788 5,779
5,692 5,701
8,174
8,056 8,063 8,078 8,192
1,711.9 1,707.8 1,711.2 1,755.5 1,756.8 1,232.5 1,230.2 1,232.3 1,275.4 1,276.9
343.4
405.1
363.4
360.6
343.3
424.2 427.3
405.3
_
_
118.9
145.4
141.4
121.9
121.3
118.3
144.8
142.1
_
84.1
62.2
61.7
59.8
59.8
83.6
81.2
81.2
_
157.7
173.7
159.8
156.6
144.9
145.0
172.3
159.7
_
_
96.1
162.0
99.5
100.6
98.5
160.6
161.5
159.3
_
33.4
32.2
43.4
43.9
43.1
33.8
32.9
42.2
_
38.3
38.3
37.8
75.4
75.1
77.0
38.2
76.5
278.4
245.8
256.6
256.9
304.0
303.2 293.2 326.8
_
18.4
19.9
18.0
18.0
26.4
24.5
24.8
25.1
_
_
122.4
98.1
113.3
107.5
110.5
138.8
123.2
125.9
57.2
49.4
51.5
63.6
56.0
51.6
57.6
58.0
_
_
129.8
127.3
90.1
88.4
88.0
126.2
125.5
87.5
_
_
15.9
15.3
23.9
23.2
21.9
15.8
15.1
22.1
_
42.7
27.0
26.8
27.2
42.9
42.8
42.5
26.9
_
_
125.7
205.0
205.0
204.5
204.3
126.2
126.3
125.2
_
_
159.4
159.5
157.0
158.0
91.2
91.5
88.8
89.3
_
35.0
34.8
36.9
45.6
45.5
46.3
35.9
47.5
_
_
91.7
76.9
70.1
81.1
99.2
102.2
98.1
77.2
_
_
17.3
16.2
20.1
18.7
13.1
12.1
15.8
14.4
_
_
49.1
50.4
59.8
53.5
60.1
57.3
43.3
47.8
_
_
22.8
23.0
23.2
31.1
31.2
31.8
31.6
23.0
_
_
86.9
87.4
89.5
203.3
206.0 204.6
208.0
90.0
_
_
25.7
41.4
41.8
25.5
25.1
25.7
41.9
42.5
_
115.4
115.7
118.7
38.6
39.0
39.0
116.2
40.3
172.4
172.5
169.3
173.3
131.2
130.1
126.6
130.9
54.9
40.8

58.1
40.8

49.5
38.9

52.2
38.3

54.6
-

40.8
30.4

43.4
30.0

35.6
28.4

38.3
28.0

41.0
-

725.5
98.7
86.4
18.8
24.2
212.7
32.9
36.5
72.0
26.5
25.7
60.3
25.1
21.4
60.3
108.1
81.0
14.9
56.0

730.0
98.9
90.5
18.9
24.3
211.2
32.8
36.4
71.0
26.3
25.5
60.8
25.4
21.6
61.0
107.9
80.8
14.9
56.5

717.3
94.4
90.3
18.6
23.4
210.8
32.3
37.7
70.5
25.3
27.3
60.0
24.8
21.2
62.6
102.9
78.1
13.7
54.3

730.9
95.7
91.1
19.7
24.8
214.5
32.7
38.5
71.9
25.3
27.5
61.8
25.8
21.8
63.2
104.8
78.8
14.5
55.3

730.3
_
_

628.1
89.3
75.8
15.3
20.8
187.9
30.1
32.9
64.4
22.2
22.4
49.6
20.6
17.1
48.7
96.9
73.4
13.1
43.8

632.8
89.5
80.1
15.3
20.9
186.3
29.8
32.8
63.3
22.2
22.2
50.2
20.9
17.4
49.5
96.8
73.2
13.2
44.2

619.0
84.7
80.0
15.0
19.7
185.1
28.9
34.1
62.5
21.3
23.8
49.3
20.2
17.1
50.9
92.2
70.3
12.3
42.1

631.6
86.2
80.6
16.0
21.1
188.7
29.3
35.0
63.8
21.3
24.0
50.7
21.1
17.4
51.4
94.0
71.1
12.9
42.9

630.8
_
_
_
_

911.6
50.5
258.6
64.5
42.9
79.7
280.3
36.6
63.1
31.8
148.8

917.7
51.0
258.7
64.5
43.8
78.6
282.0
36.3
63.2
32.6
149.9

890.8
46.1
253.5
63.3
39.7
80.2
266.9
34.1
56.2
32.6
144.0

921.1
46.3
260.2
64.8
42.1
81.1
279.6
34.8
61.9
33.4
149.5

917.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_

_
_
_
-

1,084.4 1,090.8 1,061.3 1,093.2 1,088.0
_
54.0
54.5
58.7
58.3
_
301.3
300.4 294.7
299.8
_
75.3
73.9
75.5
75.6
49.0
46.3
50.5
49.5
_
92.7
91.6
90.0
91.0
320.6 334.6
338.5
337.5
41.4
42.1
44.1
44.5
68.4
75.0
76.4
76.3
_
40.0
39.1
39.1
38.5
171.7
178.9
178.2
177.5
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1972
SIC
Code

Production workers1

Al employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

58.6
49.1
9.5
48.9
19.9
36.3
164.6
21.1
45.6
34.0

58.8
49.3
9.5
48.3
19.3
35.8
169.1
21.1
46.7
36.3

55.5
46.6
8.9
47.9
19.3
35.7
169.8
21.5
45.8
35.9

57.6
48.1
9.5
48.0
19.0
37.0
177.0
22.4
48.4
36.6

527.0
149.5
133.0
40.7
176.0
37.0
20.4
41.4
160.8
36.1
84.4
19.8

524.5
146.1
130.1
40.0
176.8
36.3
20.8
41.9
161.6
36.5
84.9
19.3

528.7
150.0
133.9
41.2
174.5
35.7
20.0
41.2
163.0
37.3
85.4
19.4

530.1
149.8
133.4
41.0
175.1
35.5
20.4
41.8
164.2
37.5
85.8
18.8

527.5
_

1,563.6 1,566.7 1,605.4 1,606.4 1,604.4
_
473.9 474.4 477.2 477.1
_
136.6
135.9
130.4
130.2
_
120.3
122.0
114.0
116.1
_
89.2
90.3
83.8
85.8
31.1
31.7
30.2
30.3
_
83.0
83.1
79.0
79.3
_
554.0 558.6 570.3 571.8
177.6
176.7
172.7
171.4
_
356.2 359.2 366.8 367.1
_
48.7
48.7
49.2
49.2
_
111
83.0
82.2
78.5
60.5
61.0
58.4
58.0
-

872.4
169.6
46.3
61.3
36.9
24.4
40.2
404.0
122.9
260.0
33.7
62.0
42.8

873.5
169.9
46.3
59.5
35.3
24.2
39.5
406.8
123.9
261.6
33.8
61.3
43.2

887.9
166.2
48.3
64.5
39.4
25.1
41.4
413.3
126.7
265.2
33.0
63.7
44.5

888.6
166.4
48.5
62.9
38.1
24.8
40.8
414.9
127.6
265.6
33.1
64.4
44.3

888.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

1,078.3 1,074.4 1,099.0 1,102.6 1,095.0
_
136.1
135.7
133.4
133.7
91.5
91.2
90.6
90.6
_
189.3
188.7
178.8
180.7
88.7
88.5
83.7
84.7
71.1
70.5
66.4
67.1
234.6 234.0 244.3 245.1
192.9 201.2 201.9
192.7
_
161.7
160.1
164.4
164.3
43.9
43.9
44.2
44.9
_
46.2
44.3
45.8
44.5
71.6
75.9
70.4
74.9
64.5
64.0
63.5
64.6
_
150.9
150.7
147.2
147.3
31.0
30.0
30.9
30.0
_
119.7
120.0
117.2
117.3
53.6
52.8
51.3
51.2
101.9
102.4
101.7
101.8
-

605.2
67.1
48.9
118.9
50.3
47.9
103.3
83.4
106.5
28.0
25.4
53.1
32.6
85.4
18.5
66.9
32.5
58.9

602.6
67.3
49.2
117.7
49.7
47.5
102.7
83.1
106.3
27.4
25.2
53.7
31.6
85.3
18.5
66.8
32.3
59.4

616.9
69.9
48.2
123.3
52.2
50.3
107.4
88.6
100.8
27.5
25.3
48.0
33.1
88.8
19.0
69.8
32.9
60.7

620.4
70.6
48.4
124.1
52.5
50.8
107.9
89.0
101.9
27.4
25.8
48.7
32.9
89.2
19.2
70.0
32.3
61.5

616.2
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

108.4
79.0
22.5

107.8
78.3
22.6

109.2
79.3
22.5

109.5
79.6
22.6

108.9
-

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

70.9
57.3
13.6
57.8
22.6
43.8
199.1
25.5
53.6
41.0

70.9
57.3
13.6
57.5
22.2
43.5
203.8
25.7
54.8
43.4

67.2
54.4
12.8
56.8
22.1
43.5
205.7
26.0
54.9
43.0

69.5
55.7
13.8
56.6
21.7
45.1
212.8
26.9
57.6
43.8

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

697.3
196.6
175.6
53.4
240.0
60.8
26.6
52.8
207.3
45.6
112.1
23.2

694.5
193.0
172.5
52.5
241.0
60.3
26.9
53.3
208.0
45.9
112.7
22.8

702.6
197.2
176.9
53.8
241.0
61.3
25.9
52.8
210.6
46.7
113.7
22.9

704.1
197.7
177.1
53.8
240.9
61.2
26.3
53.3
211.7
47.1
114.1
22.3

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee ...
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2861,9
287
289

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

165.3
123.8
28.9

164.2
122.7
28.9

166.0
124.3
28.7

166.3
124.5
28.8

_
_
_
_

699.4
_
_
_

_
_
-

165.0
-

_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




83

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagrfcultural payrolls by detailed Industry—Continued
(In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

19.7
78.0
480.3

20.3
74.5
478.4

20.0
74.8
485.7

140.7

120.8
11.3
71.8
29.8
26.1
8.3
13.6

120.9
11.4
71.1
29.8
25.2
8.7
13.8

111.3
11.5
64.7
27.1
23.4
7.7
12.1

118.5
11.9
68.6
28.1
24.9
8.9
13.6

116.9

5,624

5,763

4,630

4,677

4,779

4,667

4,794

3,503

3,521

3,598

239.0
109.6

297.1
110.8

250.2
116.7

249.9
116.0

26.7

26.7

27.1

26.7

303,4
306
307

26.5
100.5
607.1

26.6
101.4
609.2

27.4
98.1

609.1

27.0
98.3
616.8

31

146.4
13.7
84.1
36.9
29.5
11.6
17.5

145.8
13.6
83.2
36.8
28.5
11.9
17.6

134.1
13.7
75.9
33.0
26.4
10.6
15.4

142.2
14.2
79.9
34.2
28.0
12.0
16.9

5,574

5,627

5,737

3,337

3,410

303.0
262.3

302.3
261.6

296.9
253.0

299.0
255.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

41
411
412
413
415

263.7
120.3
35.2
29.7
51.3

324.1

278.4
130.3
33.8

279.1

122.1
35.0

29.6
108.6

30.1
54.0

29.4
54.2

,

42
421,3
422

131.0
34.0

180.5
31.5
97.3

180.1
30.7
97.8

190.2
34.0
104.2

Transportation by air
Air transportation
Air transportation services

45
451,2
458

655.3
566.9

694.4

703.8

596.0

606.0

88.4

655.9
566.7
89.2

98.4

97.8

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

19.1

18.5

19.5

19.6

Transportation services
Freight forwarding

47
471

320.1
71.0

320.2
71.2

344.3
75.5

346.2
76.7

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Automotive parts and supplies
See footnotes at end of table.

84




50
501
5012
5013

655.8

186.7
33.9

44
445
446

48
481
483
4832
4833

644.8
61.2

1,391.9 1,404.0 1,468.2 1,475.9
1,297.8 1,302.3 1,368.3 1,374.0
101.9
94.1 101.7
99.9

1,595.6 1,609.2 1,679.3 1,686.6
1,483.4 1,488.8 1,559.7 1,564.8
112.2
119.6 121.8
120.4

Water transportation
Local water transportation
Water transportation services

Communication and public utilities
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting
Television broadcasting

Sept.
1989P

19.6
77.0
477.5

838.6
86.4
10.1

40
4011

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

Aug.
1989P

9.5

831.2
85.9
10.7

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads2

,

July
1989

654.3
65.6
8.2

830.7
82.3
11.2

Transportation

Sept.
1988

646.5
64.6
8.7

828.8
83.3
11.4

Transportation and public utilities

839.7

Aug.
1988

647.7
60.4
9.3

30
301
302

311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Sept.
1989P

101.1

2,237 2,217
2,234 2,103
1,290.9 1,283.1 1,286.6 1,155.7
757.3
904.4 896.9
889.7
240.5
245.1 246.5
240.5
123.1
120.3
122.3
120.0
123.4
120.2
120.5
122.8

13.4

13.1

14.1

14.1

974.7
663.2
198.0

967.6
656.5
197.8

979.2
657.9
202.6

850.6
527.7
203.7

751.5
350.6
133.9
161.3
82.5

736.6
344.4
130.7
158.4
80.4

749.6
347.7
134.5
158.2
85.4

750.1
348.2
134.4
157.6
86.2

2,165

946.3
457.6
168.6
196.1
94.7

933.6
453.2
165.4
193.5
92.6

947.3
453.2
170.6
194.8
98.4

947.0
452.5
170.5
194.5
99.4

6,086

6,090

6,279

6,291

6,281

4,911

4,909

5,061

5,072

3,596
435.8
120.5
284.1

3,591
433.7
120.3
282.7

3,722
441.1
124.3
285.5

3,725
438.6
123.9
283.5

3,712

2,877
350.2

2,870
348.6

2,977
357.5

2,980
355.9

5,055

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, TV and radios
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment .
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Commercial machines and equipment
Construction and mining machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Professional equipment and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals .
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wines and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1972
SIC
Code

502
5021
5023
503
5031
5039
504
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5081
5082
5083
5084
5085
5086
509
5093
51
511
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

Retail trade .

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

156.2
156.0
152.6
153.3
72.6
72.7
70.1
70.8
83.6
83.3
82.5
82.5
243.0
230.2 229.5 242.1
125.5
119.7
124.9
118.6
117.5
117.2
110.9
110.5
99.2
89.9
90.2
99.3
145.0
141.1
141.4
145.5
529.9
508.1
508.0 528.1
265.9 265.3 278.5 277.9
69.4
68.2
66.
66.2
182.6
181.4
176.5
176.0
281.3 280.5 285.4 285.2
97.5
97.5
97.8
98.3
114.4
117.3
117.6
114.
1,529.9 1,529.5 1,584.8 1,587.1
549.3 549.2 560.4 560.5
87.1
86.9
82.6
82.7
127.0
127.1
118.4
119.7
352.3
337.6 336.2 351.8
148.1
148.0
139.8
139.2
175.1
180.4
177.3
179.0
225.7 226.4 239.8 240.3
113.3
113.7
106.0
105.4
2,490
220.5
181.0
193.3
834.2
265.9
65.7
105.0
127.5
204.5
85.2
119.3
153.9
98.7
55.2
445.9
149.7

2,499
220.8
182.3
192.5
837.9
265.9
65.4
111.3
126.2
204.4
85.2
119.2
152.3
97.0
55.3
450.6
153.0

2,557
230.4
188.9
202.3
846.0
275.7
67.2
105.0
131.8
209.7
88.6
121.1
157.8
101.6
56.2
473.9
161.5

2,566
230.2
189.4
205.1
847.0
276.8
67.6
102.3
130.6
210.0
88.8
121.2
157.6
101.6
56.0
473.3
159.4

19,312 19,266 19,684 19,757
783.7
437.3
169.7

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

123.3

123.0

126.4

126.5

189.0

188.1

198.9

199.9

73.5
112.6
390.9

72.9
112.0
389.9

80.1
115.5
401.4

79.6
114.9
404.3

227.6

226.4

231.7

231.9

1,227.3 1,226.7 1,271.5 1,273.1

2,569

182.2

182.7

193.7

193.9

2,034
179.3
151.8
149.2
703.9

2,039
178.4
152.7
148.6
707.0

2,084
185.7
158.5
156.3
714.8

2,092
185.3
158.6
159.0
716.0

94.1
160.8

92.6
160.4

96.0
164.9

95.0
165.7

126.9

125.0

129.9

129.3

361.5

365.3

383.9

383.3

19,702 17,118 17,058 17,442 17,506 17,422
643.7
367.6
134.5

657.8
373.0
140.8

Building materials and garden supplies .
Lumber and other building materials ..
Hardware stores

52
521
525

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

2,400.3 2,404.8 2,425.2 2,428.6 2,435.9 2,215.9 2,216.7 2,254.0 2,256.3
1,843.9 1,845.3 1,877.2 1,880.1
1,985.0 1,990.2 2,006.9 2,010.6
217.6 216.6 212.1 211.9
237.9 236.8 230.4 230.5
154.8
164.7
154.4
164.3
187.5
187.9
177.8
177.4

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioned .
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,123.9 3,123.2 3,290.2 3,298.8 3,291.6 2,875.9 2,874.8 3,029.8 3,037.5
2,766.8 2,772.8 2,909.5 2,917.0
2,560.7 2,566.6 2,693.9 2,700.4
56.6
53.9
54.5
57.2
35.1
27.0
28.5
34.6
153.9
158.7
176.8
176.1
170.4
172.2
155.2
159.5

Automotive dealers and service stations .
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

2,136.6 2,132.9 2,182.6 2,182.9 2,172.9 1,790.0 1,783.7 1,825.7 1,823.9
866.4 869.0 869.3 868.8
1,044.0 1,047.6 1,046.1 1,046.6
278.2 277.2 291.0 292.2
342.8 342.8 361.8 363.8
563.5
564.5
551.5
555.9
639.4 634.9 649.7 649.1

789.6
445.3
163.5

777.8
437.4
161.8

791.3
440.2
170.5

Sept.
1989P

655.0
375.4
136.2

651.5
370.8
140.1

See footnotes at end of table.




85

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings ..
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

1972
SIC
Code

56
561
562
565
566

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

1,162.5 1,156.4 1,176.0 1,189.7
105.4
105.6
105.6
106.7
405.0 407.3 412.5 416.5
276.4 269.5 278.8 282.1
222.7 223.0 228.9 234.1

983.3
86.4
340.1
241.5
186.3

975.1
85.2
342.2
233.8
185.8

987.0 1,000.9
84.5
84.6
345.3 347.8
240.8 245.5
189.7
194.9

806.4
473.3
290.7
76.0
257.1
179.8
77.3

650.8
373.8

651.4
375.0

658.8
384.3

660.6
384.4

73.1
203.9

72.0
204.4

63.0
211.5

63.4
212.8

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores
Radio and television stores
Music stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5732
5733

Eating and drinking places

58

6,491.5 6,449.7 6,535.4 6,576.8 6,551.0 5,920.7 5,874.6 5,954.0 5,990.6

Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods ....
Nonstore retailers
Mail order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

59
591
592
594
5941
5942
5943
5944
5947
5949
596
5961
5962
598
599

2,411.6 2,424.5 2,478.6 2,489.8
587.9 603.2 606.1
591.1
121.7
122.1
126.2
126.6
858.1
846.1
886.2
881.1
154.5
152.6
163.6
162.4
88.7
82.2
86.7
90.2
84.4
81.7
82.3
84.5
158.8
154.9
155.6
158.6
199.0
185.8
182.9
198.8
62.9
62.7
61.3
62.3
283.4 286.5 256.4 259.1
125.9
145.3
140.8
125.2
85.3
86.0
86.1
85.3
107.8
115.2
109.3
115.0
381.8 381.7 409.3 410.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

796.0
459.7
283.1
86.7
249.6
175.8
73.8

796.2
460.5
284.2
85.8
249.9
175.5
74.4

804.3
472.8
291.2
76.1
255.4
178.5
76.9

6,706

6,913

6,918

6,853

3,309

3,282

3,357

3,358

3,330

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Federal savings and loan associations .
State associations, insured
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
612
6122
6123
614
615
616

901.1
402.5
232.1
165.2
257.0
59.4
159.0

896.6
399.4
229.9
164.4
257.3
59.6
157.2

909.8
405.3
234.6
165.5
267.7
67.7
147.0

911.8
405.4
235.2
165.0
268.5
68.4
147.7

Security, commodity brokers, and services
Security brokers and dealers

62
621

447.6
351.0

443.0
347.6

437.9
338.5

436.1
335.8

Holding and other investment offices

67

208.7

207.2

214.2

213.6

2,094

2,087

2,142

2,141

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

63
631
632
633
636

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

See footnotes at end of table.

86




1,448.5 1,443.4 1,478.4 1,477.3
574.6 579.3 578.5
578.0
219.7 219.3 235.4 235.5
541.0
541.7
549.9 549.7
58.9
59.2
60.1
60.0
645.4

643.6

663.1

663.4

706.5

718.0

732.7

737.5

253.2

256.5

227.2

229.4

89.2
308.7

90.5
308.5

95.0
335.0

95.3
335.5

4,936

4,866

5,033

5,038

1,251.5 1,236.3 1,281.6 1,282.7
1,118.3 1,103.4 1,132.6 1,132.7

1,751.7 1,735.0 1,795.0 1,796.3
1,568.2 1,552.2 1,590.2 1,589.9
317.5 315.1
317.4 316.1
364.4 360.0 372.6 372.9
80.9
79.0
80.2
81.2

60
602
6022
6023,4
603

Insurance

2,026.4 2,038.3 2,075.1 2,084.2
512.9
511.0
504.1
501.3

6,769

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks
State banks, Federal Reserve
State banks, not Federal Reserve
Mutual savings banks

Sept.
1989P

673.9
306.0

668.4
302.5

683.4
308.1

686.3
308.3

199.5

199.3

208.4

209.0

973.8
346.8
177.5
366.7

965.7
343.1
177.0
363.4

987.3
351.2
190.4
358.4

984.6
349.5
190.0
357.7

2,132

4,973

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Real estate, and combined real estate, insurance, etc ....

Aug.
1988

1,366

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

65
651
653
655

Combined real estate, insurance, etc

66

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1988

1,337

July
1989
1,414

Aug.
1989P

1,419

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

1,391

1,356.9 1,327.4 1,405.3 1,409.8
586.0
576.8 611.6 614.7
568.7 571.2
559.7
544.3
192.3
190.8
179.3
174.6
9.5

9.2

9.1

9.0

25,955 25,970 27,216 27,235 27,234 22,700 22,703 23,776 23,782 23,754

Services
Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

70
701

1,679.3 1,606.3 1,726.7 1,725.7
1,601.1 1,562.1 1,635.5 1,632.7

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

72
721
722
723
726

1,146.6 1,157.9 1,166.8 1,166.2
412.6 414.2 411.6 410.8
59.2
57.6
56.8
58.5
365.9 368.0 368.6
361.9
79.7
81.2
81.4
80.5

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Temporary help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming and software
Data processing services

73
731
7311
732
733
734
736
7361
7362
737
7372
7374

5,677.1 5,701.8 5,826.3 5,864.1 5,898.8 4,873.1 4,893.6 4,967.0 4,998.8
241.0 241.6 258.3 258.7
191.3
178.5
191.6
178.6
173.9
173.7
187.4
187.6
92.3
91.6
96.7
96.8
211.5
221.5 243.3 246.8
806.6 811.9 815.6 815.8
734.0
737.9 738.0
730.7
1,408.0 1,419.4 1,352.9 1,378.0
225.7
229.2 216.5 217.8
1,076.1 1,083.3 1,033.0 1,057.2
688.0 693.8 772.2
772.0
535.6 538.3 601.7 602.0
313.4 316.4 358.8
361.2
258.4 259.2 288.3
284.9

739
7391
7392
7393
7394
7395

2,217.9 2,210.0 2,274.1 2,282.7
216.5
215.8 221.7 220.9
544.8
535.4 555.0
554.2
470.2 472.8 478.7 483.8
268.3 267.9 280.1 280.4
83.6
86.7
82.2
82.4

Miscellaneous business services
Research development laboratories, nee
Management and public relations
Detective and protective services
Equipment rental and leasing
Photofinishing laboratories

Sept.
1989P

Auto repair, services, and garages
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Automotive repair shops

75
751
753

851.3
168.6
496.4

852.9
168.9
497.2

908.4
188.7
527.0

909.5
188.8
530.5

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

352.4
112.7

352.4
112.4

363.8
124.7

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

78
781
783

250.5
115.6
117.0

250.7
123.0
109.8

278.9
137.2
124.1

Amusement and recreation services

79

1,080.6

Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Outpatient care facilities

80
801
802
805
8051
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

7,210.3
1,123.4
489.1
1,331.8
922.4
409.4
3,328.6
3,079.5
92.7
156.4
150.9
271.0

1,433.3 1,395.5 1,461.4 1,456.6
366.5

367.9

365.8

365.2

323.0

326.5

328.0

328.3

705.9

704.9

747.9

748.7

410.7

410.3

431.2

433.8

365.4
126.1

288.0

288.1

299.6

301.0

284.0
144.9
121.0

211.1
91.2

210.1
97.5

238.0
111.5

242.1
118.6

975.8 1,160.5 1,153.2

933.8

838.2 1,026.1 1,019.0

7,229.2
1,127.2
489.9
1,330.1
921.5
408.6
3,337.9
3,088.6
92.4
156.9
151.6
275.1

7,685.8
1,214.4
513.3
1,392.3
964.7
427.6
3,517.3
3,253.9
97.1
166.3
172.7
320.2

7,717.5 7,738.9 6,411.6 6,426.1 6,835.4 6,863.6
1,220.0
920.8 924.0 993.0 997.8
516.4
429.6 428.9 448.7 450.6
1,400.2
1,204.1 1,201.7 1,259.3 1,266.3
969.5
430.7
3,524.4
3,043.9 3,052.7 3,220.7 3,228.4
3,260.3
96.8
167.3
174.3
325.2

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Legal services

1972
SIC
Code

81

Production workers1

All employees
Aug.
1988

868.4

Sept.
1988

855.2

July
1989

916.7

Aug.
1989P

82
821
822
824

1,345.9 1,544.9 1,413.3 1,403.7
345.2 391.9 358.0 357.3
791.0 944.0 813.9 803.3
103.3
92.0
94.0
102.5

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Residential care

83
832
833
836

1,591.9 1,619.8 1,725.5 1,718.1
358.5
344.0 338.9 359.6
257.2
256.5 230.2 266.1
398.4 396.5 429.9 432.6

Museums, botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
863
864

1,772.6 1,724.5 1,826.0 1,802.4
103.3
102.8
102.9
100.5
132.3
130.8
134.6
133.8
441.1
416.2 371.2 460.1

Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services
Noncommercial research organizations
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

89
891
892
893

1,404.1 1,392.9 1,469.2 1,470.8
740.8
773.8
733.0 773.6
138.4
151.2
133.7
150.0
491.6
509.3
493.1
511.3

Government
4

Federal Government

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial
Federal government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals
State government
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Education
General administration, including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

712.8

July
1989

763.3

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

760.5

1,131.5 1,115.4 1,174.2 1,174.4
610.2
641.4
641.9
619.8
375.8
17,579

3,033

3,010

2,978

2,968

Sept.
1988

55.8

16,671

373.8

387.7

386.0

2,920.5 2,909.1 2,971.9
959.0 951.0
983.4
827.3 828.3
831.8
1,134.2 1,129.8 1,156.7
38.3
37.5
39.3
21.2
21.3
21.4

3731

121.1
73.8

121.2
73.8

125.0
74.4

125.2
74.4

806

40.5
426.3
248.2

39.4
433.1
248.0

38.6
438.3
250.4

38.9
440.0
251.3

806
82

3,932
3,921
3,855 4,016
452.4 449.1
447.6 445.8
1,340.8 1,545.5 1,358.4 1,365.1

4,096

1,514.4 1,494.8 1,556.6 1,562.7

806
82

9,729 10,505
9,853
9,463 10,201
493.8 490.5
503.5
503.1
626.6 652.0
653.3
627.9
4,619.2 5,566.0 4,814.2 4,734.9
3,356.9 3,169.0 3,477.0 3,445.4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
3
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from the
nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to




56.3

16,298 17,185 16,807
2,980
4

51.7

Aug.
1988
728.3

914.8

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Correspondence and vocational schools

53.9

Sept.
1989P

civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and
the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
June
1988

July
1988

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

49,306

48,402

50,923

51,094

50,178

Total private

40,371

40,276

41,520

41,907

41,767

Goods-producing

7,071

7,004

7,141

7,202

7,131

97

98

97

99

99

555

562

576

584

589

6,419

6,344

6,468

6,519

6,443

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,085
128
163
123
107
326
463
868
402
328
179

3,054
127
160
123
104
321
462
860
399
326
174

3,104
126
167
124
108
327
474
849
409
338
182

3,116
128
166
125
109
328
477
850
410
339
184

3,074
126
164
124
106
321
474
839
404
339
177

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,334
523
17
355
876
171
676
314
25
291
86

3,290
537
16
346
837
171
676
315
25
285
82

3,364
515
16
353
877
171
706
324
26
292
84

3,403
537
16
355
879
174
709
329
27
293
84

3,369
564
16
348
840
175
708
327
27
286
79

42,235

41,398

43,782

43,892

43,047

Transportation and public utilities...

1,605

1,581

1,640

1,653

1,634

Wholesale trade

1,805

1,806

1,880

1,897

1,897

10,193

10,154

10,342

10,449

10,407

4,194

4,207

4,257

4,301

4,316

15,503

15,524

16,260

16,405

16,382

8,935
1,066
1,922
5,947

8,126
1,069
1,871
5,186

9,403
1,073
2,065
6,265

9,187
1,082
1,974
6,131

8,411
1,085
1,919
5,407

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

89

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

1988

1989

Industry
Sept.

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction

Oct.

Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

107,888 108,101

May

89,574

89,897

90,124

90,291

90,475

90,623

90,884

91,016

91,075

91,189

25,313

25,384

25,460

25,513

25,626

25,629

25,646

25,671

25,672

25,648

25,669

25,696

25,588

719
404

717
400

712
396

711
394

711
393

711
394

714
397

720
400

722
401

715
402

706
404

730
405

725
403

5,163
1,374

5,162
1,363

5,191
1,375

5,213
1,380

5,267
1,404

5,270
1,398

5,252
1,380

5,279
1,377

5,283
1,388

5,283
1,384

5,314
1,391

5,316
1,401

5,316
1,398

19,431

19,505

19,557

19,589

19,648

19,648

19,680

19,672

19,667

19,650

19,649

19,650

19,547

11,464
763
530
600
779
277
1,436

11,509
770

11.545
775
532
605

11,565

11,605
784
532
607

11,594

11,604
777
535
607

11,600
772
537
606

11,594

11,567

11,471
760

529
601

528

788
275

769
534
603
787
276
1,449

11,553
764

788
276
1,457

771
534
604
787
276
1,452

787

111
274

2,150
2,050
2,076

2,151

11,549
767
536
602
785
277
1,446
2,154
2,040
2,046
844
781
392
8,100
1,678
53
730
1,094
701

8,097

8,076

1,670
52
729

1,673
52
726

1,094
701
1,611
1,095
163

1,083

531
603
783
277

784
277

2,079
882
770

871
772

390

391

2,143
2,060
2,071
869
776
390

8,024
1,646
56
724

8,043
1,650
56
728

8,054

8,076

1,650
56

1,581

1,090
696
1,588

1,075

1,079

1,092
696
1,595
1,084

1,096
696
1,595
1,085
161

1,655
56
729
1,101
697
1,600

1,445
2,120
2,075
2,060

386

865
758
384

867
762
387

7,967
1,627
55
726

7,996
1,644
55
726

8,012

1,085

1,083
695
1,577
1,074

859
756

693
1,573
1,072

786
276

778
534
608
786

276
1,458
2,138
2,062
2,067

1,442
2,110
2,073
2,055

2,098
2,072
2,044

780
532
607
785
276

1,648

56
725
1,088
695

1,449

1,458

2,126
2,067
2,063
867
767

2,134
2,065

389

728

1,454
2,144

876
778
392

2,041
2,062
861
779
392

8,072
1,657
54

8,073

8,083

1,656
53

728

728
1,095

1,601

1,603

1,090
162

1,663
52
729
1,093
697
1,607
1,096
163

2,058
2,073
875
111

391

83,476

5,625
3,539
2,086

5,717
3,552
2,165

6,230
3,693
2,537

6,237
3,700
2,537

6,254
3,706
2,548

6,263
3,712
2,551

19,528
2,491
3,245
2,159
6,348

19,551
2,493
3,262
2,155
6,362

19,586
2,482
3,274
2,155
6,370

19,620
2,483
3,292
2,153
6,385

19,624
2,486
3,292
2,154
6,397

6,776
3,312
2,119
1,345

6,790
3,320
2,123
1,347

6,808
3,320
2,129
1,359

6,815
3,324
2,131
1,360

6,834
3,335
2,135
1,364

6,844
3,337
2,138
1,369

26,520
5,736
7,488

26,651
5,760
7,528

26,711
5,776
7,570

26,931
5,799
7,616

26,973
5,786
7,648

27,046
5,800
7,694

27,153
5,846
7,739

17,597
2,982
4,102
10,513

17,626
2,982
4,111
10,533

17,687
2,999
4,119
10,569

17,723
2,995
4,136

17,751
3,000
4,145
10,606

17,780
2,998
4,161
10,621

17,875
2,996
4,171
10,708

843

144

143

144

144

843
143

80,894

81,091

81,364

81,584

81,816

82,082

82,242

82,430

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,581
3,365
2,216

5,596
3,381
2,215

5,616
3,402
2,214

5,634
3,421
2,213

5,654
3,439
2,215

5,667
3,453
2,214

5,666
3,452
2,214

5,682
3,467
2,215

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,071
3,590
2,481

6,086
3,599
2,487

6,104
3,612
2,492

6,125
3,626
2,499

6,146
3,638
2,508

6,171
3,657
2,514

6,197
3,676
2,521

19,188
2,452
3,122
2,115
6,296

19,229
2,447
3,149
2,124
6,314

19,282
2,452
3,165
2,131
6,322

19,328
2,460
3,182
2,136
6,328

19,407
2,472
3,200
2,143
6,323

19,460
2,481
3,212
2,150
6,332

6,695
3,288
2,092
1,315

6,710
3,293
2,098
1,319

6,726
3,299
2,102
1,325

6,744
3,307
2,110
1,327

6,746
3,308
2,109
1,329

25,888
5,651
7,228

25,986
5,667
7,267

26,111
5,682
7,313

26,230
5,715
7,359

17,471
2,985
4,088
10,398

17,484
2,986
4,081

17,525
2,983
4,085

10,417

10,457

90




392

83,159

160

839
143

841
142

1,091
163
841
140

82,638

82,959

5,700
3,484
2,216

5,716
3,500
2,216

6,206
3,676
2,530

6,222
3,685
2,537

19,488
2,490
3,223
2,155
6,322

19,489
2,492
3,233
2,159
6,335

6,763
3,311
2,116
1,336

6,774
3,316
2,117
1,341

26,318
5,707
7,396

26,434
5,729
7,442

17,523
2,981
4,085

17,545
2,978
4,084

17,587
2,982
4,095

10,457

10,483

10,510

P = preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988

840
782

5,736
3,524
2,212

162
840

Government
Federal
State
Local

1,434
2,149
2,020
2,034

83,098

162

839
143

Business services
Health services

2,153
2,032
2,070
873
782
394

595

140

162
836
144

Real estate

276
1,441

697
1,611
1,093
163
839
139

697

162

Services

Sept.P

89,299

830

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance

Aug.P

88,991

1,094
162
843
142

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places

July

108,310 108,607 108,767 108,855 109,064

1,088
161
845

Service-producing

June

88,736

Manufacturing

Tobacco manufactures

Dec.

106,207 106,475 106,824 107,097 107,442 107,711

General building contractors

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products

Nov.

10,592

842

benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all seasonally
adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1989

1988
Industry
July

Total
Total private

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

49,207 49,338 49,488 49,586 49,799 49,963 50,130 50,302 50,414 50,515 50,670 50,894 51,023
40,296 40,393 40,503 40,602 40,776 40,943 41,093 41,239 41,340 41,418 41,530 41,717 41,794
7,053

7,049

7,054

7,069

7,095

7,112

7,141

7,152

7,159

7,161

7,166

7,165

7,176

97

98

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

97

99

98

551

554

555

555

557

561

566

571

571

573

577

577

577

6,405

6,397

6,402

6,417

6,441

6,454

6,478

6,484

6,491

6,491

6,492

6,489

6,501

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

3,084
125
165
122
106
326
463
868
401
328
180

3,084
125
164
122
106
325
464
868
401
330
179

3,082
125
165
121
106
325
465
867
399
330
179

3,087
125
165
122
106
325
467
868
401
331
177

3,097
127
165
122
106
327
469
869
402
332
178

3,103
127
165
123
107
327
469
866
405
335
179

3,113
127
166
123
108
330
471
864
407
337
180

3,111
127
166
123
107
329
471
863
407
337
181

3,109
127
167
123
108
328
471
860
408
337
180

3,111
126
167
124
108
327
471
859
409
338
182

3,108
126
167
124
108
327
472
853
410
339
182

3,103
125
167
123
108
326
474
850
409
338
183

3,103
124
169
123
107
327
475
847
407
341
183

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,321
525
18
351
867
170
678
312

3,313
520
18
349
863
170
681
313

3,320
524
18
349
863
171
682
314

3,330
531
18
349
862
171
685
315

3,344
535
18
350
867
171
688
315

3,351
532
19
350
869
171
692
316

3,365
536
18
352
871
171
697
318

3,373
537
19
352
874
171
698
319

3,382
537
19
354
877
171
700
321

3,380
537
18
353
875
171
702
322

3,384
537
17
353
873
171
706
325

3,386
540
17
353
871
172
708
325

3,398
551
18
353
870
173
709
324

O

0

0

0

292
84

292
85

0

0

0

0

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade

O

290
86

0
289
85

O

289
85

289

291
84

85
42,154 42,289 42,434

42,704
42,517

1,598

1,604

1,614

1,604
1,608

1,808

1,811

1,835

1,820
1,827

10,149 10,171 10,179
4,169

4,178

Government
Federal
State
Local

8,945
1,059
2,003
5,883

8,985
1,065
2,015
5,905

This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




1,621

293
84

292
84

84
42,989 43,150 43,255 43,354
1,626

1,630

1,629

1,628

1,854

1,862

1,866

1,876

292
82

43,729 43,847
1,645

1,652

1,893

1,899

1,635
1,888

10,387 10,407
10,373

4,227

4,242

4,249

4,271

4,247

4,278

4,257
16,356 16,382

15,958 16,035 16,101 16,169
15,905
9,020
1,065
2,013
5,942

291
83

43,504

4,222
9,023
1,066
2,013
5,944

292

10,287 10,318 10,336 10,337

15,807
15,709
8,984
1,067
2,009
5,908

0

10,238
4,212

4,188

15,519 15,580 15,658
8,911
1,055
1,998
5,858

42,851

10,213

4,199
Services

84

0

1,845

10,190
Finance, insurance, and real estate

292

9,037
1,063
2,012
5,962

9,063
1,064
2,017
5,982

9,074
1,064
2,020
5,990

9,097
1,064
2,023
6,010

16,211
9,140
1,070
2,034
6,036

9,177
1,070
2,043
6,064

9,229
1,071
2,048
6,110

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workers
seasonally adjusted

1

on private nonagricultural payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group,

(In thousands)
1988

1989

Industry
Sept.

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

71,825 72,021 72,273 72,494 72,774 72,949 73,101

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.p

Sept.1

73,204 73,315 73,555 73,670 73,731 73,770

17,813 17,865 17,929 17,963 18,065 18,048 18,052 18,053 18,058 18,022 18,047

18,072 17,968

518

515

511

510

510

510

514

519

521

511

503

526

521

4,032

4,026

4,053

4,068

4,132

4,112

4,096

4,104

4,111

4,111

4,134

4,140

4,138

13,263 13,324 13,365

13,385 13,423 13,426

13,442 13,430

13,426 13,400 13,410 13,406 13,309

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,653
635
424
466
597
217
1,069
1,261
1,227
1,276
671
417
281

7,690
641
425
469
600
216
1,076
1,270
1,228
1,283
676
419
279

7,717
645
426
470
601
217
1,079
1,279
1,233
1,283
676
421
280

7,730
647
426
472
602
216
1,082
1,285
1,224
1,285
676
425
282

7,758
652
426
473
603
215
1,089
1,292
1,222
1,294
687
424
283

7,749
648
427
474
602
215
1,087
1,298
1,218
1,286
677
425
284

7,749
646
428
472
603
213
1,086
1,298
1,214
1,292
675
427
283

7,744
642
428
471
603
211
1,080
1,298
1,213
1,297
680
428
284

7,735
641
427
469
601
210
1,079
1,302
1,205
1,297
681
430
284

7,706
638
426
468
602
211
1,074
1,303
1,198
1,284
667
429
284

7,697
636
427
468
601
211
1,073
1,309
1,199
1,270
650
431
283

7,700
633
421
467
601
213
1,069
1,305
1,195
1,292
676
431
286

7,624
631
420
461
591
212
1,063
1,300
1,185
1,257
641
433
283

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,610
1,156
40
629
912
523
878
600
106
647
119

5,634
1,169
41
629
912
524
881
602
106
652
118

5,648
1,173
42
628
916
525
883
602
106
655
118

5,655
1,172
42
628
919
525
886
604
105
656
118

5,665
1,175
41
630
922
524
887
607
104

5,677
1,177
41
630
926
524
888
608
105
659
119

5,693
1,182
41
630
930
525
891
610
105
660
119

5,686
1,184
40
630
927
524
889
609
105
660
118

5,691
1,184
38
630
925
525
891
614
106
660
118

5,694
1,190
38
630
922
525
892
616
107
656
118

5,713
1,205
39
631
922
528
893
614
107
657
117

5,706
1,199
38
629
922
528
893
615
107
659
116

5,685
1,201
38
626
912
525
892
613
107
656
115

Service-producing

54,012 54,156 54,344 54,531

Transportation and public utilities

4,635

4,653

Wholesale trade

4,890

4,903

16,997

17,017

4,858

4,866

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services




119

54,709 54,901

55,049 55,151

55,257 55,533 55,623 55,659 55,802

4,704

4,718

4,718

4,735

4,752

4,763

4,779

4,667

4,751

4,931

4,948

4,970

4,990

4,996

5,007

5,016

5,021

5,037

5,035

17,066 17,106

17,171

17,215 17,244

17,235

17,280

17,317

4,900

4,902

4,918

4,933

4,671

4,691

4,917

4,873

4,886

4,879

4,893

17,338 17,384 17,370
4,944

22,632 22,717 22,817 22,924 23,000 23,105 23,197 23,283 23,300 23,504 23,541

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.

92

DOD

p

4,954

4,963

23,617 23,683

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all
seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979

63.5
62.5
63.9

60.5
64.3
61.0

70.3
70.2
64.8

67.9
70.1
52.7

68.6
64.6
61.6

63.8
67.6
61.3

64.5
61.6
55.7

61.3
62.2
53.2

65.9
62.0
50.7

61.3
64.3
61.3

67.0
70.9
54.2

67.9
66.6
53.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

54.6
58.5
37.2
55.0
67.8
58.5
55.4
55.6
60.7
68.3

53.4
52.7
47.3
47.9
70.6
52.3
53.7
59.3
63.5
60.5

49.7
54.0
40.1
60.2
65.2
60.2
53.2
61.0
63.0
61.0

37.4
64.5
41.5
65.6
67.8
53.2
56.3
61.9
62.8
58.2

40.8
57.0
49.3
66.3
63.3
58.5
55.2
58.6
61.3
55.6

38.0
53.3
38.1
66.5
67.2
51.4
50.7
59.7
67.2
59.7

42.3
57.7
42.8
67.2
59.6
57.6
54.7
65.3
63.6
55.6

59.0
51.3
39.1
68.9
61.9
60.7
56.3
60.6
58.0
P56.3

55.7
45.8
44.7
70.1
57.2
53.6
57.9
63.0
55.4
P47.4

63.8
42.3
36.2
66.6
62.9
56.3
54.6
67.8
63.9

59.3
40.3
40.1
67.6
59.3
56.6
58.0
64.5
68.2

58.6
36.0
43.6
64.6
57.7
59.7
61.7
60.7
64.6

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979 ..

70.2
71.9
69.5

74.5
73.8
71.8

76.4
76.9
65.8

79.2
76.9
66.2

74.8
74.9
62.0

72.1
71.1
64.0

69.3
69.2
58.9

72.1
65.8
53.3

70.5
68.3
57.6

73.5
73.5
58.6

73.6
74.8
62.2

72.5
76.2
56.2

1980
1981
1982
1983 ..
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

56.6
59.5
31.2
48.4
74.9
58.3
57.7
60.7
64.8
71.6

51.4
55.6
34.8
57.0
75.5
58.3
53.0
62.0
65.6
70.1

42.0
58.9
37.7
62.6
78.2
55.6
54.4
66.6
69.5
64.5

38.3
64.6
41.5
71.9
72.8
59.0
55.4
65.2
70.2
61.9

35.5
63.3
40.3
72.1
73.6
55.4
53.3
65.8
71.1
61.6

37.4
60.7
40.3
74.4
68.8
57.6
51.4
65.9
71.9
60.7

42.8
57.0
34.8
72.6
67.8
56.6
52.9
67.8
71.2
P62.5

50.9
52.4
38.3
77.2
65.5
58.7
58.7
71.1
64.2
P52.1

65.3
43.3
35.4
77.2
64.6
58.5
57.0
71.2
65.3

66.9
40.0
35.8
74.6
62.2
56.9
59.7
72.3
70.1

68.5
34.0
34.0
71.6
61.9
59.5
62.0
70.9
73.4

64.3
30.9
46.6
73.6
61.6
59.3
62.0
65.9
74.6

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

79.1
77.8
74.6

81.8
81.4
73.9

78.7
81.2
71.2

78.4
79.8
66.8

78.1
78.7
63.2

79.7
76.2
57.9

76.2
73.6
62.9

76.2
76.9
59.5

77.5
75.6
57.7

76.6
76.8
58.6

78.1
76.1
60.9

78.4
77.8
57.7

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
66.5
28.5
55.2
78.7
58.7
55.6
67.3
69.9
75.1

44.7
65.2
29.7
62.2
78.9
59.7
56.6
65.8
70.2
69.5

41.1
62.9
33.0
67.3
80.2
58.2
52.7
64.8
71.5
68.2

37.4
64.9
38.8
71.1
77.1
57.6
52.9
66.8
73.9
66.0

37.1
61.3
37.2
76.4
74.4
58.6
53.4
67.6
73.9
P63.5

37.5
58.0
36.8
78.2
72.6
57.6
56.0
69.5
69.1
P 58.5

44.4
50.3
34.5
79.4
70.1
57.6
55.6
71.3
70.2

51.9
43.0
33.8
79.5
68.6
56.2
57.0
73.5
74.6

61.2
39.0
34.8
78.2
64.9
59.5
62.3
73.2
73.5

70.9
32.2
38.1
77.2
63.9
59.7
61.6
71.5
73.9

68.9
32.5
39.1
78.1
61.6
58.3
62.9
71.8
74.5

66.2
28.7
43.1
77.7
62.6
55.6
63.2
72.2
75.8

Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

.. .

79.2
81.9
75.9

80.1
82.2
75.4

81.8
81.8
74.8

81.9
81.9
72.1

84.8
83.0
68.2

84.7
82.8
66.0

84.5
83.4
66.0

83.4
81.4
63.6

83.7
81.7
59.7

83.0
75.8
57.6

82.5
78.1
52.0

82.1
75.5
48.7

47.0
71.2
32.4
57.0
81.7
59.5
54.4
66.6
76.2
73.2

46.4
68.3
31.1
61.9
79.5
59.2
54.6
68.2
76.1
P72.5

46.8
68.1
29.7
66.5
78.7
59.2
53.9
68.2
74.8
P69.1

45.3
61.3
30.4
72.8
77.1
56.9
55.6
71.8
74.6

43.7
53.4
30.4
75.8
76.2
56.6
55.2
71.9
75.8

43.8
48.0
31.4
77.2
74.1
58.5
56.3
72.5
74.9

43.6
42.3
35.0
76.8
73.1
55.9
57.2
72.2
78.1

42.8
38.8
35.1
80.7
70.2
55.9
59.3
74.1
75.5

44.3
36.4
38.8
80.4
69.1
56.7
60.0
75.4
75.5

50.6
33.1
43.4
81.4
65.2
55.6
62.0
72.5
74.8

57.2
34.1
46.7
83.0
63.8
55.2
61.3
73.8
74.9

62.2
32.2
51.4
81.9
61.5
53.7
63.6
76.9
74.1

See footnotes at end of table.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted-Continued
(Percent)
Manufacturing payrolls, 141 industries1
Year
Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month span
1977
1978
1979

66.0
63.1
60.3

59.9
64.5
55.0

68.4
63.8
58.9

70.9
65.6
50.4

67.0
61.0
55.7

59.6
62.4
61.7

60.3
56.0
50.0

54.3
58.5
45.0

62.1
57.1
41.1

57.4
62.8
57.4

63.1
66.3
46.8

70.2
69.1
47.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

48.6
53.2
27.0
53.2
61.7
46.5
48.9
44.3
58.5
62.4

46.1
45.0
39.4
48.6
70.6
40.4
45.0
53.9
56.0
53.5

47.5
55.0
28.0
55.3
64.5
44.0
43.6
54.3
55.0
53.2

28.4
63.1
31.9
67.0
63.8
37.6
43.6
55.7
59.9
49.6

24.8
61.3
36.2
67.4
54.6
41.5
46.5
55.3
58.5
46.8

27.0
56.7
26.6
59.9
61.0
39.4
43.3
54.3
61.7
48.6

28.7
56.0
34.4
68.8
56.0
47.9
38.7
62.8
59.6
49.6

58.2
42.2
28.4
64.9
52.8
48.6
51.1
59.9
51.1
P47.2

55.0
39.4
35.5
68.1
42.9
37.9
48.6
63.8
49.3
P34.8

63.1
30.5
26.6
70.9
52.8
44.3
45.0
59.9
62.8

61.7
29.4
26.2
62.4
44.7
44.0
50.7
65.6
64.9

53.9
23.4
39.4
62.1
48.6
50.7
52.8
56.4
58.5

Over 3-month span
1977
1978
1979

70.6
77.0
64.9

77.0
72.3
62.8

78.7
72.3
59.6

78.7
69.9
59.9

72.0
69.1
58.5

66.7
62.8
59.2

62.4
61.3
50.0

64.9
58.2
36.5

62.4
62.4
44.0

67.7
67.0
43.6

69.1
70.9
52.5

76.2
73.4
42.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

44.7
51.8
17.0
46.1
71.6
43.6
45.0
52.1
63.1
67.4

40.4
50.4
19.1
53.9
71.6
37.9
40.8
51.4
61.0
63.8

28.4
56.4
21.3
61.7
75.2
32.6
38.3
59.6
62.4
55.7

20.2
64.5
22.0
71.3
65.6
33.0
38.7
61.3
64.9
51.8

18.4
66.7
22.0
70.9
65.2
31.2
39.4
58.5
67.4
49.3

19.5
64.9
22.3
73.8
58.9
37.6
37.2
62.8
67.0
48.6

27.7
55.0
18.1
70.6
57.1
40.8
37.2
67.0
64.5
P49.6

39.7
42.6
18.8
76.2
50.7
37.9
44.0
71.6
58.2
P35.5

64.2
28.0
20.6
77.0
47.5
38.3
46.5
68.4
62.1

67.7
25.5
18.4
74.1
42.9
36.5
47.5
70.6
66.7

67.4
17.7
17.7
72.0
45.7
42.9
52.5
67.7
71.3

61.3
17.4
33.3
67.4
44.7
46.8
49.3
64.5
70.9

Over 6-month span
1977
1978
1979

81.6
77.7
68.4

81.9
79.8
66.3

79.1
78.0
62.1

77.3
72.3
58.2

75.2
73.0
52.1

74.8
68.8
43.6

67.7
63.5
48.2

68.4
68.1
41.5

70.9
69.9
39.7

75.2
71.3
40.1

80.5
67.0
42.6

111
69.9
42.9

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

33.0
65.2
10.3
46.8
75.2
35.5
37.6
57.4
66.3
69.5

27.0
62.8
10.6
59.6
72.3
34.8
38.7
56.7
66.3
58.5

23.4
62.8
13.5
64.9
72.7
29.4
35.5
55.3
67.7
55.7

16.7
68.1
20.6
67.0
70.2
31.9
33.3
62.4
69.5
52.8

17.4
61.7
15.6
75.5
62.1
33.3
34.0
64.9
66.7
P50.4

19.1
55.3
15.2
76.2
58.2
33.0
38.3
67.0
64.2
P40.4

26.2
40.1
12.4
78.7
54.6
31.9
37.9
67.4
66.0

39.7
29.1
12.1
77.3
52.5
32.6
41.1
70.6
70.9

52.8
22.3
14.5
76.2
48.6
38.3
45.4
71.3
68.8

70.6
17.0
18.1
73.8
44.7
40.1
49.6
69.5
69.9

67.4
18.4
21.3
75.9
39.4
38.3
50.4
69.5
71.6

65.2
12.4
27.3
74.8
41.8
37.6
51.1
68.1
74.1

Over 12-month span
1977
1978
1979

77.0
75.2
67.0

111
111
64.2

75.9
76.2
62.4

76.6
77.0
57.4

81.2
77.0
51.8

82.6
77.0
48.6

84.0
75.2
48.9

81.9
70.6
47.5

83.3
70.9
42.2

80.5
65.6
36.5

78.0
69.1
29.1

77.3
64.9
24.8

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

20.6
72.0
12.1
43.3
77.0
31.6
30.9
55.3
73.8
63.1

22.3
69.1
12.4
50.0
72.3
30.9
30.1
58.5
70.2
P63.1

23.8
69.1
9.2
56.0
68.1
30.1
34.8
58.5
70.9
P55.3

25.2
52.8
11.3
66.0
66.0
28.4
34.8
63.5
71.6

23.0
40.4
8.2
71.6
62.4
27.7
36.2
66.3
72.0

22.3
35.1
9.9
75.5
61.0
28.4
39.0
67.4
69.9

21.3
27.7
13.5
76.2
57.8
29.1
38.3
71.6
70.9

22.7
21.6
14.2
78.4
54.6
29.8
39.7
72.7
69.1

23.8
17.7
15.2
78.0
50.4
32.6
42.9
71.6
71.6

30.5
15.2
21.6
78.7
44.0
30.9
46.1
69.1
70.2

45.7
13.8
25.5
80.1
40.1
32.6
48.6
68.4
69.9

59.6
12.4
33.7
76.2
33.7
29.8
50.0
72.3
67.0

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus onehalf of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an

94




equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1988 benchmark
levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
(beginning April 1988) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January 1985) are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

1,546.4
402.9
129.4
165.3
128.4
60.0

1,571.3
406.4
134.7
167.9
128.9
59.1

1,576.6
407.2
135.0
167.5
128.3
61.9

11.1
5.4
.1
.7
.1
2.3

6.3
2.9
.1
.7
.1
.9

11.3
4.5
.1
.7
.1
2.6

80.2
25.8
6.0
10.1
8.1
3.2

75.1
24.8
6.2
10.4
7.8
3.1

75.6
24.8
6.3
10.3
7.6
3.1

226.7

237.9

238.3

10.3

10.9

11.0

11.0

11.1

11.3

1,381.5
915.3
239.5

1,394.1
922.9
240.6

1,401.2
923.9
244.3

12.3
.7
1.8

12.1
.8
2.1

12.2
.9
2.1

95.7
65.9
17.1

91.5
61.6
16.5

92.3
61.8
16.7

861.0
50.1
78.2
237.6
32.8

881.7
51.2
77.0
241.5
33.7

886.0
51.8
75.4
242.7
33.8

4.4

35.5
1.8
2.6
10.8
1.7

35.8
1.8
2.6
10.9
1.9

36.4
1.8
2.7
11.0
2.0

12,041.7
1,132.5
158.8
204.9
4,077.2
112.0
836.9
215.8
616.4
570.1
911.7
938.2
823.3
143.7
126.9
149.7
130.8

12,368.1
1,158.6
159.7
210.3
4,163.7
118.9
868.9
223.3
631.9
592.8
949.1
957.6
825.3
147.1
128.8
149.4
137.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,423.8
107.2
802.5

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

4.4

4.3
(1)
1.0
.4

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

(1)

0

.9
.4

.9
.4

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

(1)

0

(1)

12,342.1
1,156.2
159.4
210.4
4,150.6
121.3
860.8
223.4
629.6
593.4
951.5
954.6
823.7
146.3
129.3
150.1
136.9

42.8
1.3
14.4
.6
9.8
(1)
3.3
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.6

42.6
1.2
14.1
.5
10.0
(1)
3.7
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.7

42.4
1.3
14.1
.6
10.0
(1)
3.7
2.9
1.3
.7
.8
.9
.1
1.5
.7
.1
.7

629.9
68.3
10.0
12.3
150.1
7.5
51.8
14.6
55.3
35.8
59.5
36.7
34.5
6.7
9.5
9.0
10.6

653.7
69.9
9.9
12.8
156.1
8.2
53.5
15.4
56.1
37.0
62.3
37.2
34.3
7.0
9.5
8.8
11.4

661.4
71.1
9.8
12.7
158.0
8.2
54.1
15.5
56.8
37.7
62.7
37.8
34.5
7.1
9.8
8.9
11.5

1,439.7
107.5
805.6

1,440.8
107.6
805.9

21.0
.3
13.0

20.9
.3
12.1

21.1
.3
12.0

62.6
3.8
33.5

61.5
3.8
31.3

61.9
3.9
31.4

1,660.7
200.4
480.0
64.6
258.7
127.0
87.1

1,690.0
201.1
489.0
65.3
265.3
127.8
84.4

1,681.3
200.1
484.9
64.9
264.6
127.5
87.2

1.4

84.4
9.8
21.8
5.5
14.7
5.9
5.1

81.5
9.8
22.4
5.0
15.5
6.1
5.4

82.1
9.8
22.5
5.0
15.7
6.2
5.5

333.0
282.4

340.0
285.4

345.2
291.2

.1
.1

.1
.2

.1
.2

23.0
19.8

21.1
18.5

21.0
18.5

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

683.6
2,179.7

699.2
2,264.1

694.5
2,247.8

.1
1.2

.1
1.2

.1
1.2

13.4
146.0

13.4
153.7

13.4
154.4

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

5,014.5
115.5
475.0
113.6
405.9
152.8
844.3
499.9
123.9
108.2
110.9
818.9
331.6

5,196.9
120.1
487.3
122.3
417.5
158.3
867.3
516.9
125.8
112.6
114.3
853.6
350.3

5,199.8
119.2
486.9
122.0
417.0
158.9
866.5
516.0
125.5
112.1
114.1
849.7
352.8

9.5

351.7
8.7
37.5
12.9
27.1
9.2
40.6
37.8
8.2
10.0
5.7
57.9
30.9

348.3
8.6
36.9
14.1
27.5
9.3
38.7
36.7
8.5
10.3
5.6
57.0
30.0

348.9
8.6
36.8
14.0
27.2
9.1
39.1
36.9
8.6
10.2
5.6
56.7
30.2

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

96




1.4

1.6

0

(1)
.4

.4

(1)

(1)
.4
.5

1

.4
.4
1

()

9.1

9.4

.3
.6

0

.9
.4

0

.7

.3

0

.9

0
0
0

.6

(1)

.9
(1)

.4

(1)

(1)

0

.7

(1)

(1)

.4
.4

(1)
.3

0

.4

()

(1)

(1)

0
1

()

(1)

0

.3

0
.8

.8

0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989^

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

388.0
57.9
33.9
25.4
18.0
10.1

80.2
32.9

79.9
32.0

79.9
32.2

2.9

3.1

3.1

10.2
5.1
2.0

10.0

10.1

9.9

383.0
58.3
33.6
25.3
17.9
10.1

22.2

22.5

21.2

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

190.6
138.7
30.4

189.5
139.1
28.4

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

231.2
12.9
28.3
35.0

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

5.1

5.1

2.0

2.0

341.3
98.8
24.7
44.0
29.2
12.6

18.3

24.9

24.8

44.7

46.0

46.1

189.7
139.5
28.0

72.0
50.0
9.0

73.3
51.2

73.4
51.2
9.6

341.9
232.0
56.3

356.1
239.7
58.1

356.1
239.3
58.7

235.9
13.2
25.5
35.3

51.1
4.7

52.2

52.4
4.8

6.7

196.9
11.7
16.0
57.4
7.2

201.0
12.1
15.4
57.7
7.4

202.0
12.2
15.4
58.1

6.5

235.0
13.1
26.7
35.3
6.6

2,172.1
259.5
10.6
22.8
898.2
27.1
110.2
30.5
81.6
44.0
127.7
80.0
279.1
22.0
20.1
26.9
13.5

2,175.6
257.9
10.4
22.7
891.4
30.5
111.4
30.1
82.6
43.6
132.5
80.9
278.8
22.1
20.0
25.7
13.5

2,880.9
281.7
38.3
53.3
950.9
28.7
206.5
53.1
155.2
138.4
222.5
210.2
160.6
35.0
33.1
34.4
32.1

2,950.9
293.4
38.4
53.9
973.8
29.6
215.4
55.4
156.9
142.2
231.9
214.3
160.8
35.7
33.6
34.7
33.6

2,956.4
293.2
38.4
53.8
974.6
29.9
215.5
55.6
155.6
142.6
233.8
215.0
160.4
35.6
34.0
34.6
33.6

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

191.5
30.1
95.5

354.5
23.1
198.2

359.7
23.3
200.2

360.4
23.4
201.3

Connecticut

390.1
46.7
104.6
13.9
61.9
29.7
17.4

390.1
46.6
104.3
13.9
62.0
29.6
17.4

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

380.2
56.4
32.7
26.3
19.1

9.5

4.2

4.8
4.3

16.9

17.6

2.5

2.6

17.7
2.6

2,184.6
257.8
10.4
22.8
894.5
32.9
111.7
30.6
82.8
44.6
133.4
80.6
279.9
22.0
20.2
26.8
13.6

592.6
34.2

601.0
34.3

559.1
30.0

192.3
29.4
96.3

361.9
56.7
87.3
18.1
46.9
22.9
23.4

Delaware
Wilmington
District of Columbia
Washington MSA

California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino

Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota

Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

4.2

7.2

7.6

7.5

11.6
204.7

11.6
206.4

10.8
196.0

4.7

5.0

4.8

56.7
11.2
30.6
25.3
35.5
77.3
21.7

59.8
11.9
30.5
27.0
36.0
78.7
21.9

51.5
11.5
29.9
23.7
32.3
74.2
19.2

5.0
5.9
9.7
4.7

5.2
5.9
9.5
4.8

5.2
5.5
9.1
4.4

192.7
29.4
96.1

91.6

91.3

91.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

67.3

66.4

66.6

363.5
54.5
89.1
17.8
47.2
21.7
19.5

358.0
53.9
85.9
17.2
46.6
21.7
22.3

71.4

71.0

70.8

8.0

8.2

8.2

69.3
58.3

66.3
55.2

72.6
61.9

16.4
87.9

16.1
86.8

538.3
11.6
46.0

539.1
11.9
45.6

345.3
101.2
25.6
44.5
29.5
12.9

344.5
101.5
25.5
44.4
29.4
13.0

7.4

2.8

5.7
2.8

377.8
46.6
102.5
13.4
60.4
29.4
16.8

13.7
14.7

13.6
14.9

13.5
15.0

74.8
60.0

76.7
61.3

76.8
61.1

16.1
85.8

25.3
107.9

25.7
113.6

23.3
105.8

64.0
429.6

66.6
443.6

65.8
441.7

541.6
11.9
46.2

260.0

260.7

261.3

1,368.1
34.9
141.6
33.2
113.9
35.6
232.5
130.4
32.2
31.5
24.1
224.7
87.2

1,428.4
36.3
146.2
35.9
116.7
37.3
239.9
134.2
32.4
33.7
24.9
238.3
96.8

1,428.3
36.1
145.9
35.9
116.8
37.5
239.8
134.5
32.3
33.5
24.9
237.6
96.7

18.2

18.5

18.5

3.0

3.2

3.2

17.5

18.1
5.8

18.0

5.6
3.0

3.6

3.7

3.7

22.9

23.0

22.9

5.8

6.6

6.5

5.2

5.3

5.3

38.7
29.3
92.9
57.3
11.3

39.6
30.2
90.6
56.4
11.3

27.1

27.5

27.4

5.6

6.0

6.0

69.9
25.9

66.2
26.0

66.3
26.1

8.5
5.0

8.8
4.9

6.7
3.4

6.7
3.4

97.6
33.4

2.8
39.3
12.5

2.8
39.9
13.0

6.5
3.4
2.8

96.0
35.4

39.9
30.2
90.7
56.4
11.3
8.7
4.9
97.1
34.1

40.0
13.1

See footnotes at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

70.7
28.8
3.7
7.9
7.7
2.2

71.8
27.9
3.9
7.9
7.6
2.1

71.7
27.9
3.9
7.9
7.6
2.1

287.4
94.9
30.9
38.7
28.0
8.9

297.1
97.1
31.9
39.1
29.1
8.9

296.0
97.1
32.1
39.2
29.1
9.3

295.4
59.9
28.4
27.4
31.1
18.9

312.8
62.2
30.3
30.0
31.8
19.1

309.6
61.3
30.1
29.5
31.4
19.7

Alaska

10.9

10.7

10.7

45.5

46.6

47.0

63.8

65.2

66.2

92.8
74.0
12.2

92.2
73.5
11.7

92.3
73.6
11.7

358.7
242.0
66.3

366.8
244.5
69.2

365.4
243.0
69.3

217.5
112.0
46.4

212.6
112.5
45.1

219.8
114.6
48.2

38.4
1.5
2.7
16.1
1.4

38.7
1.5
2.7
15.9
1.4

38.7
1.5
2.6
16.0
1.3

163.9
7.7
16.7
57.0
6.6

173.2
8.1
17.4
59.7
6.9

173.1
8.2
17.1
59.5
6.8

139.7
9.8
6.7
44.0
6.9

141.4
9.8
7.0
44.0
6.9

143.1
10.1
7.0
44.7
7.0

816.9
93.0
6.4
12.1
288.3
4.4
55.6
11.2
27.9
36.1
64.4
111.9
32.8
8.6
8.7
8.8
4.6

830.1
91.8
6.5
11.8
288.9
4.3
56.7
11.3
28.2
37.7
65.7
111.2
33.3
8.7
8.6
8.6
4.7

832.6
92.4
6.5
11.9
289.9
4.3
56.6
11.3
28.2
37.9
65.8
111.5
33.4
8.7
8.6
8.6
4.7

3,085.4
286.0
33.4
50.8
1,097.4
22.9
199.7
51.6
146.2
125.9
247.4
292.3
211.8
39.9
29.1
30.7
28.8

3,184.3
297.0
33.5
52.6
1,126.3
23.5
210.7
54.3
150.8
132.4
259.4
301.2
213.6
40.8
30.0
30.8
30.5

3,197.1
297.7
33.5
54.4
1,131.5
23.6
210.8
54.7
150.5
133.6
261.4
301.1
213.8
40.3
30.2
30.8
30.6

1,821.1
108.5
38.5
41.4
477.8
16.7
153.1
40.7
118.3
163.9
153.9
128.9
82.7
25.0
19.8
30.1
35.9

1,929.9
113.1
39.3
44.4
510.8
17.8
157.7
42.0
125.5
172.2
160.5
133.2
82.5
26.1
20.5
31.2
38.6

1,908.5
112.7
39.2
43.4
496.1
17.6
156.9
41.3
124.5
172.6
161.3
133.5
82.4
25.9
20.3
31.2
37.8

95.2
4.0
63.4

95.1
4.1
63.2

95.0
4.1
63.1

359.3
23.7
213.4

366.7
23.7
216.8

366.0
23.9
216.4

248.1
19.9
118.2

252.2
20.6
119.3

252.2
20.3
119.0

155.7
13.0
76.5
4.4
16.4
14.2
4.8

156.9
13.5
76.9
4.6
17.2
14.7
4.8

156.6
13.4
76.6
4.7
17.1
14.8
4.8

410.3
48.6
113.4
14.1
71.2
38.4
21.7

422.2
50.8
116.1
14.6
74.3
39.3
22.2

421.7
50.7
115.8
14.7
74.3
38.9
22.2

197.6
17.7
59.9
6.1
31.2
10.1
12.3

203.4
17.6
61.0
6.2
30.7
10.1
12.3

200.6
17.5
60.9
6.2
30.5
10.2
12.2

29.9
26.5

33.6
29.2

33.7
29.4

77.0
68.2

80.3
69.3

80.7
69.5

45.2
34.8

48.3
36.8

46.8
35.6

District of Columbia
Washington MSA

35.0
129.4

35.1
134.3

35.1
134.7

241.9
707.5

254.4
746.8

253.9
744.7

287.5
570.3

287.7
584.3

286.9
579.4

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

366.2
6.4
39.5
8.0
39.3
5.6
70.9
33.5
5.6
8.5
4.9
65.7
28.0

376.5
6.3
40.1
8.9
39.9
5.7
73.1
34.3
5.6
8.6
5.0
66.7
28.6

378.2
6.3
40.1
8.9
39.9
5.9
73.0
34.4
5.6
8.5
5.0
66.4
29.1

1,401.6
32.8
130.4
32.3
104.3
45.9
231.2
163.4
32.2
33.4
23.7
239.1
98.0

1,469.0
34.3
134.7
34.6
108.9
47.5
242.6
174.3
32.7
34.4
24.1
252.5
107.1

1,473.4
34.1
134.7
34.3
109.0
47.7
243.0
173.7
33.0
34.4
24.3
251.8
107.6

719.5
17.5
56.8
16.1
54.9
21.5
105.4
51.5
27.3
12.8
44.4
95.5
39.5

765.5
19.0
60.5
16.8
56.7
22.2
115.3
54.8
28.2
13.4
46.7
100.8
41.3

758.6
18.5
60.0
17.0
56.2
22.4
113.7
53.8
27.9
13.4
46.3
99.3
41.9

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

,

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury
Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

98




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

2,888.2
63.9
1,419.9
159.0
95.1
121.7
106.0

2,933.4
65.3
1,443.8
159.1
95.7
123.3
105.9

2,935.1
65.2
1,442.3
159.1
95.6
122.9
105.8

(1)

(1)
1

July
1989

Aug.
1988
9.0
.2
1.5
.5
.1
.1

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

(1)

154.1
2.6
72.9
10.4
5.2
5.5
6.6

147.5
2.5
69.4
10.9
5.2
5.3
6.6

146.9
2.4
69.2
10.7
5.3
5.2
6.6

(1)
(1)

23.8
18.9

27.2
21.0

27.7
21.3

8.8
.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1

8.8
.1
1.4
.5
.1
.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

478.0
378.4

493.2
388.4

493.4
387.8

01
()

Idaho
Boise City

351.5
94.3

363.6
98.4

365.2
98.4

4.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

17.1
5.3

17.2
5.1

17.8
4.9

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,095.5
142.7
57.6
81.9
3,138.0
156.2
51.6
97.9
33.2
199.7
140.7
131.5
105.8

5,155.9
147.2
60.7
86.1
3,172.0
157.4
52.4
99.1
34.1
206.3
143.4
128.0
101.2

5,161.2
147.0
60.8
84.1
3,170.8
157.3
52.3
99.2
34.3
205.7
143.4
131.2
106.5

21.3
(1)
1
()

20.7
(1)
1
()
(1)
2.3
(1)
1
()

20.6
(1)

224.5
7.7
1.8
2.8
139.0
5.1
2.6
6.0
1.3
10.2
6.1
4.6
3.1

220.8
8.6
2.6
2.8
142.7
5.1
2.7
6.0
1.3
12.5
6.4
4.7
3.1

223.9
8.6
2.5
2.8
143.3
5.1
2.7
6.1
1.3
12.6
6.3
4.9
3.0

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,410.7
48.3
52.0
103.9
130.2
191.6
229.3
631.0
61.5
49.7
111.9
52.4

2,458.9
48.9
56.6
105.3
132.9
198.0
240.1
648.9
63.1
50.5
117.1
54.2

2,465.6
49.3
56.9
105.6
133.1
198.1
238.1
650.8
62.8
50.6
118.8
54.7

122.6
1.6
2.7
3.1
8.1
10.2
13.9
34.5
3.3
2.3
6.0
2.2

128.8
1.8
3.5
3.3
8.2
11.0
16.3
37.1
4.1
2.4
7.6
2.7

130.6
1.8
3.7
3.3
8.1
11.1
18.2
37.7
4.5
2.5
7.8
2.8

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,150.4
88.6
213.3
40.7
51.1
61.2

1,184.1
89.6
221.0
41.5
53.1
63.7

1,183.8
90.0
220.9
41.8
53.4
63.5

2.3
.1

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

01
(1)
(1)
()

()
(1)
(1)
(1)

44.2
3.5
7.6
1.2
1.9
2.3

43.9
3.1
7.4
1.2
1.8
2.8

44.6
3.2
7.4
1.2
1.9
2.8

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,031.3
90.0
234.4

1,041.7
89.8
240.8

1,044.8
90.1
241.1

10.5
(1)
2.1

10.0
(1)
1.9

10.0
(1)
1.9

46.7
3.5
10.7

45.3
3.1
10.3

46.0
3.5
10.3

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,369.4
190.3
452.8
33.8

1,391.2
195.9
459.2
33.7

1,398.9
197.7
458.4
33.7

36.4
.3
.9
.7

34.4
.2
1.2
.6

34.7
.2
1.2
.6

66.6
12.0
22.4
2.2

66.5
12.7
21.8
2.1

66.9
13.2
21.9
2.0

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,500.2
45.0
218.0
53.8
86.3
54.0
519.8
129.2

1,513.4
45.0
219.5
55.3
86.1
54.8
522.1
125.9

1,512.6
45.0
219.4
54.8
86.3
54.3
520.4
125.8

56.8
.2
1.0
6.0
11.6
.5
15.2
3.2

57.3
.2
1.0
6.3
11.6
.5
15.2
3.1

57.4
.2
1.0
6.0
11.6
.5
15.1
3.2

87.7
2.4
24.8
1.8
3.3
2.4
23.2
6.8

90.1
2.1
24.4
1.9
3.6
2.3
22.9
6.1

90.4
2.2
24.3
1.9
3.5
2.4
23.0
6.2

535.0
40.4
131.1

531.5
39.8
136.6

535.6
40.7
135.7

.3

38.4
2.6
9.8

36.1
2.5
10.0

36.2
2.5
9.8

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

()

0)
3.7

0

2.3

(1)

0
(1)
0
O
(11)
()
(1)

4.0

01
(1)
()
(1)
01
()
8.6

.9

1.7
(2)
(2)

.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
.2

2.4
.1

2.3
.1

.2

.9
(2)
(2)
(2)

.3

1

8.4
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(1)
(1)

0)

1.7

2.2
(2)
(2)

.1

1

.3
(1)
(1)

2.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

6.7
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

0
0)

(1)
(1)

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989^

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

570.6
15.0
180.2
36.3
20.4
19.2
17.6

565.4
15.2
175.9
35.9
20.9
19.0
17.6

565.6
15.2
175.3
36.0
20.8
19.0
17.7

184.0
1.8
121.4
4.5
3.6
5.3
9.7

184.4
2.0
118.7
4.4
3.8
5.3
10.1

184.7
2.0
118.9
4.4
3.7
5.3
10.1

743.8
14.0
402.7
35.1
21.4
28.4
26.5

761.8
14.4
413.9
35.1
21.0
28.3
26.1

760.2
14.4
413.7
35.0
21.0
28.2
26.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

22.7
16.8

22.1
16.6

22.2
16.4

38.1
31.2

40.1
33.1

39.9
32.8

128.8
100.5

131.5
102.2

130.6
101.5

Idaho
Boise City

58.7
13.5

63.1
15.0

62.9
15.0

18.8
5.3

18.9
5.3

19.0
5.2

88.4
23.7

91.2
25.1

92.4
25.4

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ....
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

976.6
38.2
6.1
8.3
565.6
32.4
13.6
19.1
5.0
43.9
33.9
46.1
3.8

978.2
38.8
8.4
8.9
561.6
32.7
13.8
19.4
5.6
44.5
35.6
42.9
3.5

982.5
38.7
8.3
8.8
563.4
32.9
13.8
19.5
5.6
44.6
35.8
45.6
3.6

301.1
3.1
2.7
2.3
190.5
8.1
5.0
8.4
1.3
6.9
7.0
5.0
4.9

304.0
2.9
2.6
2.3
190.1
8.1
5.1
8.3
1.3
7.2
7.1
5.1
5.0

303.9
3.0
2.6
2.4
190.7
8.1
5.1
8.3
1.3
7.2
7.0
5.1
5.0

1,261.4
38.7
13.1
20.1
782.1
42.8
11.4
22.9
8.3
55.4
33.9
28.8
24.4

1,294.6
40.1
13.2
19.9
784.6
43.4
11.6
22.9
8.5
59.0
34.1
28.8
22.3

1,293.9
40.1
13.2
19.6
785.8
43.4
11.6
22.9
8.5
59.0
33.9
29.0
24.4

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

636.6
16.8
9.8
57.2
31.4
52.8
56.9
106.3
12.4
11.0
23.6
10.3

635.6
16.3
10.7
56.8
31.4
53.7
58.2
108.1
12.5
10.9
22.5
10.3

638.7
16.5
10.8
56.9
31.7
53.4
57.3
107.5
12.5
11.1
23.8
10.3

126.0
1.4
1.7
2.8
6.6
12.8
15.6
39.5
1.9
2.4
5.3
3.0

130.1
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.7
13.3
16.0
41.4
1.9
2.4
5.4
3.3

130.2
1.5
1.8
2.9
6.6
13.4
15.9
41.4
2.0
2.3
5.5
3.3

581.7
11.4
12.2
19.1
34.0
48.3
55.7
163.5
13.3
12.7
30.2
15.0

593.1
11.8
12.3
19.6
34.9
49.3
58.7
168.5
13.3
13.1
30.9
15.1

592.2
11.8
12.4
19.7
35.2
49.4
59.0
168.9
13.5
13.2
31.0
15.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

228.3
23.5
25.0
12.2
9.6
14.6

236.3
23.9
26.5
12.6
10.5
15.6

235.5
24.0
26.7
12.6
10.7
15.4

55.2
5.4
12.6
1.8
3.1
1.8

56.4
5.6
12.7
1.8
3.4
1.9

56.5
5.6
12.7
1.8
3.4
1.9

300.4
21.4
56.7
9.9
13.5
15.0

308.8
21.7
57.9
10.1
13.7
15.5

310.7
22.0
58.4
10.3
13.8
15.5

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

181.8
9.0
61.3

185.8
9.4
64.0

186.1
9.2
64.0

64.6
6.8
10.9

65.8
6.7
11.6

65.5
6.7
11.7

260.2
21.3
54.9

259.2
22.1
54.9

259.8
21.9
54.8

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

277.1
31.8
88.4
5.9

283.0
34.6
87.4
6.2

283.4
34.6
87.2
6.3

74.2
8.4
28.8
2.2

75.8
8.3
29.3
2.1

75.6
8.4
29.1
2.1

329.5
42.4
112.7
8.7

335.4
43.5
111.7
8.7

335.5
43.4
111.4
8.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

171.5
3.2
19.2
4.8
7.0
7.4
43.2
18.0

172.1
3.5
19.8
4.6
6.9
7.1
43.7
17.6

173.1
3.5
19.9
4.5
7.1
7.1
43.7
17.8

108.3
2.1
10.4
6.3
6.2
3.0
44.8
8.1

109.9
2.1
10.4
6.2
6.1
2.9
44.6
8.1

110.1
2.1
10.4
6.3
6.0
2.9
44.6
8.0

360.6
10.9
52.7
13.9
23.5
13.9
135.2
31.8

363.6
10.6
53.3
14.0
23.4
13.7
135.1
31.7

363.2
10.6
53.4
14.1
23.6
13.8
134.7
31.4

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

111.5
10.5
17.6

104.4
9.1
17.0

109.9
10.0
17.1

21.7
1.5
5.5

22.0
1.4
5.6

20.5
1.3
4.7

133.4
10.0
39.7

135.6
10.5
41.6

135.7
10.7
41.8

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.

100




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989^

162.8
1.9
104.1
5.8
6.6
7.6
4.8

164.3
1.9
105.7
5.5
6.5
8.0
4.6

164.5
2.0
106.0
5.5
6.5
8.0
4.6

577.5
10.3
339.1
32.9
17.5
23.2
24.9

599.7
10.5
355.3
33.3
17.4
23.3
24.6

601.0
10.3
354.5
33.4
17.4
23.2
24.6

486.3
18.2
198.0
33.5
20.4
32.4
15.9

501.5
18.8
203.5
33.5
20.8
33.8
16.2

503.3
18.7
203.4
33.7
20.9
33.8
16.1

Hawaii
Honolulu

35.1
29.6

35.9
30.0

35.9
30.1

131.9
100.1

137.9
103.4

138.5
103.9

97.6
81.3

98.5
82.1

98.6
81.8

Idaho
Boise City

19.6
7.9

19.4
7.8

19.5
7.9

74.0
21.8

77.0
22.6

77.3
22.6

71.2
16.8

72.8
17.5

72.3
17.4

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...,
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

372.5
8.5
10.0
3.5
273.3
8.2
2.2
3.8
1.5
7.1
7.3
5.3
8.1

376.5
8.7
10.0
3.5
275.7
8.3
2.2
3.8
1.6
7.1
7.6
5.4
8.4

377.2
8.8
10.0
3.6
276.4
8.3
2.1
3.8
1.6
7.1
7.5
5.4
8.4

1,244.8
32.5
13.4
16.8
832.1
32.9
11.6
22.1
9.4
46.8
36.9
30.2
28.0

1,263.2
34.0
13.6
17.4
849.1
33.1
11.8
22.1
9.5
46.3
37.4
30.2
26.1

1,266.6
34.1
13.6
17.2
850.1
33.0
11.8
22.0
9.7
46.4
37.3
30.5
28.3

693.3
13.9
10.5
28.1
353.1
26.7
5.2
15.3
6.4
29.0
15.6
11.5
33.4

697.9
14.1
10.3
31.3
365.9
26.7
5.2
16.6
6.3
29.7
15.2
10.9
32.8

692.6
13.7
10.6
29.7
358.9
26.5
5.2
16.6
6.3
28.8
15.6
10.7
33.8

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

121.9
1.7
2.1
2.7
5.3
12.7
8.4
49.5
3.1
1.7
6.2
1.9

126.7
1.7
2.3
3.0
5.4
13.4
8.6
50.0
3.3
1.7
6.4
2.0

126.6
1.7
2.3
3.0
5.4
13.4
8.6
50.1
3.3
1.7
6.5
2.0

480.1
9.9
8.7
13.8
31.0
39.9
50.9
146.0
11.2
11.1
30.5
10.8

501.4
10.2
9.5
14.5
32.3
41.9
53.1
151.2
12.1
11.4
33.0
11.5

503.5
10.3
9.5
14.5
32.4
42.2
52.6
152.1
12.2
11.5
33.5
11.9

333.2
5.6
14.8
5.0
11.8
15.0
28.1
90.9
16.3
8.6
10.2
8.9

336.6
5.6
16.6
5.2
12.3
15.5
29.2
91.7
15.9
8.6
11.2
9.2

335.4
5.7
16.3
5.3
11.9
15.1
26.5
92.1
14.8
8.2
10.7
9.1

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

67.1
4.9
29.5
1.4
2.6
2.9

69.3
5.0
31.3
1.4
2.6
2.9

69.2
5.1
31.3
1.5
2.6
2.9

259.2
20.8
53.8
11.2
14.0
14.1

267.8
21.6
56.3
11.4
14.6
14.2

267.3
21.5
56.0
11.4
14.5
14.3

193.6
9.0
27.9
2.9
6.4
10.4

199.3
8.6
28.7
2.9
6.5
10.7

197.7
8.5
28.2
2.9
6.5
10.6

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

58.8
6.6
11.0

59.0
6.7
10.8

59.1
6.7
10.9

213.9
21.0
56.5

221.8
21.1
59.3

222.4
20.8
59.4

194.8
21.7
27.0

194.8
20.6
28.0

195.9
21.2
28.1

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

59.4
9.2
27.1
1.4

59.3
9.3
26.8
1.4

59.3
9.3
26.6
1.4

294.7
42.4
113.6
8.0

301.8
42.1
120.1
7.9

302.8
42.4
120.5
8.0

231.5
43.8
58.9
4.7

235.0
45.2
60.9
4.7

240.7
46.2
60.5
4.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

82.2
2.6
13.8
2.2
3.7
4.4
33.9
6.5

80.2
2.6
13.5
2.2
3.5
4.2
33.2
6.2

79.6
2.6
13.5
2.1
3.5
4.2
33.2
6.0

326.3
11.3
45.9
9.1
19.1
11.8
137.0
31.6

329.4
11.5
46.4
9.6
18.7
12.3
137.6
30.4

329.9
11.4
46.3
9.5
18.8
12.1
137.2
30.7

306.8
12.3
50.2
9.7
11.9
10.6
87.3
23.2

310.8
12.4
50.7
10.5
12.3
11.8
89.8
22.7

308.9
12.4
50.6
10.4
12.2
11.3
88.9
22.5

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

25.5
2.2
12.4

25.9
2.2
12.1

25.8
2.2
12.0

124.0
10.3
31.9

123.9
10.6
35.2

124.8
10.6
35.4

80.3
3.3
14.2

83.3
3.5
15.1

82.4
3.4
14.8

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Warner Robins
Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Aug.

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C.

2,103.7
1,118.2
470.3
746.7

2,135.6
1,135.3
477.6
763.3

2,123.0
1,127.1
474.2
757.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster .
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,119.3
1,737.1
74.0
55.7
40.4
164.9
108.0
68.2
43.5
238.8
205.3

3,134.5
1,748.4
75.2
55.0
41.0
165.5
109.3
68.2
44.3
240.4
212.7

3,122.4
1,733.6
75.0
55.9
41.2
165.3
109.2
68.7
44.3
239.3
212.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

3,752.7
167.3
58.6
65.8
1,875.2
158.1
330.1
52.4
105.5
202.4
58.8
155.6

3,827.1
169.7
58.7
67.1
1,929.5
168.2
338.0
54.2
108.0
208.3
58.4
158.8

3,832.7
167.3
59.6
67.0
1,929.7
168.8
339.7
54.9
108.4
209.2
58.6
160.2

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul .
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,036.1
90.7
1,325.6
60.8
69.9

2,084.1
92.5
1,360.5
62.8
72.4

2,090.9
91.9
1,364.3
62.9
72.6

7.5
4.9

888.6
179.5

905.8
183.4

902.5
184.1

6.4
.9

2,230.0
755.6
1,139.0
111.8

2,262.0
767.3
1,156.5
112.8

2,265.6
769.1
1,154.1
113.3

5.4
.6
3.3
.1

Montana ..

280.8

281.5

282.6

Nebraska.
Lincoln ...
Omaha ...

687.8
116.7
309.1

709.4
120.0
320.2

Nevada
Las Vegas ....
Reno

544.3
307.4
139.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....
New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

Mississippi .
Jackson ....
Missouri
Kansas City.
St. Louis
Springfield ...

See footnotes at end of table.

102




Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989P

July
1989

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

168.0
79.1
20.5
69.2

166.6
79.1
20.3
69.6

167.2
78.8
20.5
69.7

153.7
76.8
4.5
3.5
2.9
8.5
6.3
3.8
3.0
11.1
11.5

148.1
76.9
4.8
3.9
2.9
8.3
6.7
4.1
3.1
11.4
11.5

148.0
76.5
4.8
4.0
3.0
8.3
6.8
4.1
3.1
11.3
11.5

11.0

148.2
6.9
2.0
1.8
70.1
5.7
18.2
1.7
3.8
7.4
2.7
8.3

146.1
6.6
2.4
1.8
70.3
5.9
18.4
1.8
4.0
6.8
2.7
8.0

147.7
6.5
2.3
1.8
70.4
5.9
18.5
1.8
4.0
7.0
2.8
8.3

7.8
5.2

91.2
4.0
59.7
2.4
3.9

90.8
3.7
59.7
2.3
4.4

92.0
3.9
60.7
2.4
4.4

5.8
.8

37.8
8.7

34.4
8.4

34.6
8.5

5.4
.5
3.3
.1

5.4
.6
3.2
.1

101.9
35.7
58.6
4.9

98.0
34.5
57.5
4.8

98.7
35.1
57.5
4.8

6.8

6.6

6.5

10.1

10.3

10.3

710.8
120.6
320.5

1.8

2.0

2.0

.2

.2

.2

26.8
4.6
12.6

28.5
4.2
13.0

28.5
4.1
13.1

577.5
330.7
144.5

579.5
331.3
145.1

11.7
.2
1.4

13.5
.2
1.5

13.6
.2
1.5

38.8
23.6
8.3

44.8
28.7
8.8

45.5
28.9
9.0

533.9
85.8
95.0
115.2

531.4
85.0
93.4
112.7

534.9
85.8
93.3
113.3

.7

40.3
6.7
5.0
6.8

35.9
6.4
4.5
6.0

36.1
6.6
4.4
5.9

3,685.6
186.2
671.9
433.5
248.8
531.1
340.6
953.7
197.3
58.0

3,721.7
193.1
685.8
444.1
248.8
544.8
351.9
969.8
197.8
59.0

3,704.9
192.6
682.8
443.8
250.3
544.9
349.9
960.4
196.3
59.0

185.2
10.5
34.4
26.2
7.3
25.5
22.2
41.3
5.9
2.6

185.1
12.1
35.5
26.1
7.9
26.0
24.2
42.3
6.4
2.4

186.3
12.2
35.7
26.7
8.0
26.1
24.2
42.7
6.5
2.4

1.7
.3

1.7
.3

1.8
1.0

1.4
1.0

0

V)
.1
.1
.1
11.0

()

0

o

0

7.8
5.2

0

.8
2

2

.7
2

)

)

)

.1
.2

.1
.1

.1
.1

2.4

2.5

2.5

.1
.1

.2
.1

.2
.1
.7

O

0
.7
.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

211.5
133.4
45.0
36.1

206.6
130.0
45.5
36.8

207.3
130.4
45.3
35.8

96.7
54.4
27.4
28.7

96.1
55.8
27.8
28.1

87.1
51.1
25.4
24.2

539.2
275.6
96.7
200.2

546.5
278.7
96.2
204.9

545.7
278.9
96.0
205.0

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

583.0
270.8
10.9
15.5
11.7
50.1
36.4
18.8
10.9
50.3
44.8

562.1
263.8
10.4
13.4
11.7
46.4
35.1
17.0
10.8
49.2
45.5

565.0
261.7
10.4
14.6
12.0
46.9
35.1
17.6
10.9
49.3
45.8

132.6
76.3
5.0
1.9
1.5
6.7
4.8
2.9
1.2
9.5
9.3

133.7
76.6
4.9
1.8
1.4
7.1
5.5
2.8
1.2
10.0
9.4

122.0
69.7
4.4
1.6
1.3
6.4
5.4
2.6
1.1
9.3
8.7

740.5
386.9
22.5
14.6
10.0
37.4
23.3
16.5
10.0
57.6
49.8

737.6
381.9
23.2
14.5
10.0
38.4
23.5
16.8
10.5
58.4
51.9

738.5
381.1
23.3
14.7
10.1
38.7
23.8
16.8
10.6
58.5
52.5

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

925.7
38.1
15.7
22.3
445.1
44.5
99.3
13.4
30.1
31.5
17.3
43.4

928.4
33.7
15.2
22.3
457.3
48.4
99.8
13.4
29.7
32.1
16.4
43.0

934.4
33.7
16.0
22.1
459.8
48.8
100.3
13.8
29.9
31.7
16.1
43.6

156.9
4.3
1.9
2.5
88.9
4.1
11.7
4.3
3.2
5.4
2.4
6.9

155.9
4.0
1.8
2.4
87.7
4.2
12.2
4.2
3.4
5.5
2.3
7.0

156.8
4.0
1.8
2.4
87.8
4.2
12.3
4.2
3.4
5.6
2.4
7.0

898.8
31.4
12.0
14.5
448.2
43.9
86.6
12.0
24.3
44.6
13.8
37.3

923.6
34.0
12.4
15.2
467.7
46.1
90.1
12.4
26.1
46.9
14.1
37.3

925.0
33.6
12.5
15.4
467.0
46.3
91.0
12.6
26.4
47.3
14.1
37.7

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

405.6
7.9
268.5
11.5
13.4

404.5
8.1
269.1
12.0
14.1

407.5
8.1
269.9
12.0
14.0

101.1
5.9
70.0
1.7
3.6

104.8
6.0
73.0
1.8
3.9

105.1
6.0
73.0
1.8
4.0

517.5
23.1
333.9
12.6
21.1

528.0
23.2
340.4
13.0
22.9

530.9
23.5
342.0
13.0
22.8

Mississippi
Jackson

239.9
21.0

241.5
21.0

243.1
21.1

44.3
13.4

44.9
13.4

44.9
13.4

192.7
42.9

197.9
44.2

197.9
44.2

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

430.4
111.2
224.2
22.0

430.1
110.8
224.0
21.2

435.8
111.4
227.9
21.0

147.1
61.4
73.6
7.1

147.9
62.5
74.8
7.3

148.4
62.5
74.3
7.3

559.8
198.9
279.0
31.6

564.2
199.4
285.0
32.3

563.9
199.8
283.4
32.3

Montana

20.5

21.8

22.0

19.5

19.6

19.7

75.1

75.2

75.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

96.3
14.7
35.6

98.9
15.0
36.0

99.7
15.0
36.2

45.4
6.3
24.2

47.7
6.8
26.0

47.9
6.8
26.0

178.7
26.7
78.2

184.2
27.3
79.8

184.7
27.4
79.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.2
9.7
8.6

26.3
10.3
9.0

26.4
10.5
9.0

29.3
16.4
9.5

31.0
17.5
9.8

30.4
17.6
9.2

110.4
63.8
32.1

118.1
69.3
33.6

118.6
69.3
34.0

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

118.9
12.1
36.4
20.8

112.9
10.9
35.3
19.3

116.8
11.5
35.7
20.3

17.8
5.3
2.7
3.2

17.8
5.6
2.8
3.3

17.7
5.6
2.8
3.2

139.3
23.4
22.6
31.1

141.0
22.9
21.5
31.9

141.3
23.0
21.5
32.0

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

667.6
8.7
158.0
73.0
46.2
115.6
29.3
174.7
31.7
15.4

657.3
8.2
154.0
73.4
44.7
114.2
29.6
171.3
30.7
15.4

659.7
8.5
155.2
73.0
46.2
116.4
29.3
168.9
30.1
15.7

244.7
6.9
27.6
19.4
33.5
43.0
17.8
79.7
6.4
2.2

242.8
6.8
27.8
20.0
33.7
45.2
18.7
78.2
6.5
2.3

233.0
6.1
26.3
19.4
33.3
43.9
17.6
75.3
6.0
2.2

883.9
47.9
191.0
116.6
61.7
125.9
94.3
194.4
31.4
11.9

890.4
51.0
193.3
118.2
62.5
128.6
94.8
197.1
32.6
12.7

887.8
50.6
192.3
118.3
62.8
128.8
94.3
196.3
32.7
12.7

See footnotes at end of table.




103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989p

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989p

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Maryland
Baltimore MSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

132.4
78.4
46.2
44.3

134.6
78.9
46.2
46.3

134.5
79.0
46.0
46.4

572.3
296.9
142.7
222.1

587.2
305.5
147.1
226.5

587.2
305.2
147.0
225.9

381.8
200.1
91.8
145.5

396.3
207.0
94.5
150.6

392.3
203.4
94.0
149.5

Massachusetts
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

230.3
157.7
3.4
3.3
1.7
6.8
4.0
2.6
2.1
16.0
15.2

239.5
161.9
3.5
3.7
1.7
7.3
4.2
2.6
2.1
15.9
16.2

239.7
161.9
3.5
3.7
1.7
7.2
4.1
2.6
2.1
16.0
16.4

891.7
571.8
16.0
10.8
8.4
36.0
21.0
14.2
11.7
58.3
51.8

919.4
588.1
16.4
11.3
8.9
38.6
21.8
14.9
11.9
59.4
55.0

920.3
587.7
16.5
11.0
8.8
38.5
21.7
14.9
11.9
59.8
55.0

385.7
195.8
11.7
6.1
4.2
19.4
12.0
9.4
4.5
35.9
22.8

392.7
198.2
12.0
6.4
4.4
19.4
12.4
10.0
4.6
36.0
23.1

387.5
193.9
12.1
6.3
4.3
19.3
12.2
10.1
4.5
35.0
22.6

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

187.0
4.7
3.5
2.6
110.4
5.9
15.3
2.1
4.8
12.5
1.4
6.4

190.3
5.0
3.6
2.5
110.2
6.1
16.0
2.0
5.0
13.1
1.4
6.5

190.3
5.0
3.6
2.5
110.4
6.1
16.0
2.0
5.1
13.1
1.4
6.5

859.2
36.2
11.8
13.8
483.4
32.0
68.5
9.8
24.3
39.9
12.4
33.8

890.2
39.1
12.1
14.4
501.3
33.4
70.4
10.3
25.3
42.1
12.4
36.7

890.8
39.1
12.1
14.4
500.5
33.7
70.8
10.3
25.2
42.4
12.6
37.1

565.7
45.5
11.6
8.2
228.4
21.9
30.2
9.0
14.9
60.6
8.7
19.3

581.6
47.1
11.3
8.3
234.2
24.2
30.9
9.9
14.5
61.4
9.1
20.0

576.9
45.4
11.3
8.3
233.0
23.9
30.5
9.9
14.4
61.7
9.2
19.9

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

120.8
3.1
94.2
1.5
2.3

123.4
3.2
96.8
1.5
2.3

123.3
3.2
96.7
1.6
2.3

499.2
23.1
337.3
25.9
15.3

518.3
23.0
350.9
26.7
15.3

522.3
23.0
353.6
26.8
15.4

293.3
18.7
161.4
5.2
10.3

306.3
20.1
170.1
5.5
9.6

302.1
19.1
167.8
5.3
9.8

39.3
14.7

39.5
14.8

39.5
15.0

144.4
40.1

155.9
42.7

149.1
43.0

183.7
37.8

186.0
37.8

187.4
38.1

137.2
58.6
76.4
5.1

138.2
58.5
76.5
5.3

138.1
58.8
76.4
5.3

529.6
179.2
294.5
28.3

543.2
189.2
302.1
28.8

543.9
188.9
301.8
29.4

318.6
110.0
129.4
12.7

335.0
111.9
133.3
13.0

331.4
112.0
129.6
13.1

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana

13.6

13.6

13.7

69.4

70.1

70.3

65.8

64.3

64.3

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

48.3
8.4
28.9

49.4
8.4
30.0

49.3
8.4
30.1

159.6
26.3
85.4

166.2
28.3
90.3

166.7
28.6
90.8

130.9
29.7
44.0

132.5
30.0
44.9

132.0
30.3
44.4

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

25.0
15.3
7.1

26.7
16.9
7.2

26.9
16.9
7.2

241.1
147.2
57.1

251.3
155.1
58.7

251.5
154.9
58.8

62.8
31.2
15.6

65.8
32.7
15.9

66.6
33.0
16.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester

33.2
8.3
3.9
7.1

33.8
8.6
3.7
7.4

33.8
8.5
3.6
7.2

122.2
21.8
18.8
22.9

126.3
22.3
19.5
23.1

125.6
22.2
19.4
22.9

61.4
8.2
5.5
23.1

63.0
8.3
6.0
21.6

62.9
8.4
5.8
21.7

240.9
7.8
40.1
25.0
13.6
38.9
19.1
79.6
9.8
3.5

246.9
7.8
42.4
26.5
14.0
39.3
19.4
81.5
10.4
3.5

246.3
7.9
42.3
26.5
14.1
39.3
19.6
81.5
10.3
3.5

920.8
79.3
155.4
105.4
43.6
113.3
97.5
251.4
56.0
10.6

946.0
81.6
162.6
109.5
43.5
117.9
102.1
259.5
56.8
10.8

945.1
81.7
162.9
109.2
43.5
117.5
102.1
258.6
56.8
10.8

540.1
25.0
65.3
67.8
42.9
68.2
60.3
131.9
56.1
11.4

550.7
25.5
70.0
70.3
42.5
72.9
63.0
139.2
54.4
11.5

544.2
25.5
67.9
70.6
42.4
72.2
62.7
136.4
53.9
11.3

New Jersey
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
See footnotes at end of table.

104




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Construction

Mining

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989p

551.5
239.6
39.5
57.8

553.6
240.2
40.8
57.8

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

8,204.6
416.9
122.7
446.8
39.9
1,137.5
4,137.3
3,598.4
83.3
105.2
121.4
478.2
100.4
303.9
125.9
419.5

8,271.5
425.5
120.9
450.8
41.9
1,155.1
4,138.2
3,599.8
84.4
107.2
121.2
486.0
101.6
306.3
127.3
417.8

8,239.0
427.1
121.5
450.4
41.6
1,142.6
4,114.5
3,581.1
84.1
107.2
120.4
488.1
101.1
305.2
126.9
413.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

2,950.4
81.2
590.9
474.7
393.4

2,989.0
82.9
604.9
471.7
398.1

3,001.0
82.9
607.6
472.8
400.4

256.1
38.1
70.9
28.9

260.3
38.9
73.9
29.7

259.0
39.4
73.2
29.8

4,679.1
269.0
159.7
705.1
907.4
676.7
432.6
282.9
193.8

4,791.5
278.6
165.2
733.8
933.6
699.2
447.2
290.7
194.2

4,807.0
279.2
165.3
736.8
931.1
701.8
447.9
291.2
199.0

19.8
.7
.9
.5
1.0
1.0
.4
.3
.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,130.9
21.3
32.9
406.3
296.9

1,135.9
21.1
34.1
403.0
302.8

1,132.3
21.4
33.9
402.5
302.9

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

1,162.6
107.9
580.7
105.8

1,192.5
111.9
601.7
104.1

1,202.8
111.8
603.8
108.6

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh

5,049.7
279.0
52.7
49.3
114.5
302.1
80.1
185.5
2,164.8
780.6
874.0

5,100.0
281.8
52.8
48.7
117.4
308.4
79.9
188.9
2,182.8
779.3
888.7

5,084.5
280.9
52.7
48.6
117.4
307.6
81.1
188.3
2,171.3
768.5
881.5

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield

Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

15.6
.1
.1
.1

15.4
.1
.1
.1

539.9
235.1
39.1
56.4

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

Aug.
1989P

July
1989

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

15.8
.1
.1
.1

31.7
15.4
2.3
2.8

31.1
14.9
2.4
2.7

31.3
15.1
2.4
2.7

6.1
.5

369.0
23.1
6.2
19.1
2.0
63.2
159.3
125.1
3.8
6.4
8.3
21.7
5.0
16.7
4.8
27.4

375.4
23.4
6.3
19.7
2.1
63.6
160.9
126.3
3.9
6.6
8.4
22.2
5.0
16.9
4.9
27.8

6.1
.5

6.4
.6

Aug.
1988

.3
.2
.2

.2
.2
.2

.2
.2
.2

366.6
22.8
6.2
19.9
1.9
63.8
157.8
123.3
3.8
6.0
7.8
21.0
5.1
16.3
4.9
27.6

4.9
.1
.4
.3
.4

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

5.0
.1
.4
.3
.3

170.3
4.5
37.4
25.1
22.8

164.9
4.6
37.7
24.2
21.9

164.7
4.7
37.8
24.1
21.9

4.4
.2

4.1
.2

4.1
.2

12.4
1.8
4.1
1.7

12.1
1.8
4.2
1.6

12.3
1.8
4.2
1.6

17.0
.7
1.0
.5
1.1
1.0
.5
.3
.7

20.1
.7
1.0
.5
1.1
1.0
.5
.3
.7

202.5
10.8
6.9
33.8
30.2
31.2
19.7
11.6
8.7

215.0
11.5
7.6
36.9
31.0
33.9
21.7
13.4
9.5

218.5
11.9
7.5
37.4
31.3
34.6
22.2
13.5
9.8

45.1
1.2
.3
11.8
14.2

44.4
1.0
.3
10.1
14.6

44.3
1.1
.3
10.2
14.7

37.9
.7
1.1
12.9
10.5

35.7
.7
1.2
11.7
9.0

35.5
.8
1.1
11.5
9.0

1.4
.2
.5
.1

1.7
.2
.5
.1

1.7
.2
.5
.1

43.1
3.9
22.5
4.0

45.9
4.3
24.5
4.3

46.9
4.5
25.1
4.3

27.9
.7

253.1
14.8
2.5
2.0
4.1
14.0
3.1
12.1
112.3
18.2
42.8

260.2
14.8
2.5
1.5
4.1
14.3
3.1
12.5
112.0
18.2
41.9

261.7
14.8
2.4
1.5
4.5
14.6
3.1
12.6
111.3
18.1
43.1

1

1

()

()
.4
(1)
.2
1.1
.6

0
O
(2)

1

()
.2
.9
.4

(1)
.9

02
()

.8

(2)

(2)

1

0

29.0
.7

21.9
.7

(2)
4.7

.8

(2)
(2)
.2
.3
3.1
.4
.9

.2
.3
2.1
.4
1.0

.2
.3
3.2
.4
1.1
(2)

0
02
()

.2
.9
.4

0
O

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

O

(2)

0
O

()

.2

.2

0

(2)
3.4

4.2

See footnotes at end of table.




105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

40.8
20.5
4.1
1.6

41.2
20.6
3.6
1.7

42.5
20.9
3.9
1.7

28.3
12.4
1.3
1.1

27.8
12.7
1.2
1.0

28.0
12.7
1.2
1.0

132.8
61.0
8.7
11.1

135.5
62.1
9.0
11.5

137.0
62.6
9.2
11.7

1,212.4
47.3
39.1
77.3
8.6
166.9
450.0
367.1
23.8
15.5
31.1
137.9
15.5
54.0
25.1
65.6

1,183.3
47.9
36.0
76.4
9.4
161.8
431.3
351.7
23.3
15.0
30.7
139.0
15.3
53.3
24.8
62.7

1,192.8
47.3
36.6
76.3
9.2
161.3
438.1
358.1
23.2
15.0
30.8
140.1
15.4
53.4
24.7
62.9

406.7
16.2
4.4
21.4
1.4
46.8
242.5
216.9
3.9
5.9
3.5
14.2
4.7
18.5
4.3
20.2

410.1
16.7
4.4
21.2
1.4
47.3
240.5
215.1
4.0
5.9
3.7
14.5
4.2
18.9
4.3
20.6

371.8
15.1
4.3
19.7
1.2
41.4
215.1
193.2
3.8
5.8
3.3
14.5
3.9
17.9
3.9
17.4

1,724.2
89.0
26.2
110.1
10.7
309.4
752.6
627.8
19.6
28.5
22.4
102.3
23.7
73.4
27.4
96.7

1,740.7
92.9
26.7
113.6
10.7
312.6
757.2
631.8
19.7
29.2
22.5
104.2
24.4
73.7
27.5
96.4

1,737.3
93.7
26.8
114.1
10.8
311.9
755.5
630.7
19.8
29.2
22.5
104.5
24.3
73.7
27.6
95.9

867.2
19.2
155.9
153.6
59.4

865.9
19.0
155.1
149.8
62.7

868.8
19.2
156.4
149.1
63.0

148.6
3.8
48.8
26.7
17.7

150.5
4.0
48.2
26.5
17.4

150.8
4.0
48.4
26.7
17.2

684.0
19.8
145.5
110.4
83.8

695.1
20.0
150.5
110.7
84.4

698.6
19.9
150.7
111.4
84.5

16.2
2.2
5.0
1.3

16.3
2.3
5.2
1.3

16.4
2.3
5.3
1.4

16.8
2.7
4.7
1.6

17.4
2.7
5.0
1.6

17.3
2.7
4.9
1.6

69.2
10.1
21.4
8.5

69.9
10.4
21.9
8.9

70.0
10.5
21.9
8.9

1,102.1
64.8
44.7
145.3
200.9
102.8
104.3
63.3
50.3

1,099.6
66.3
45.4
147.5
202.7
103.2
103.8
61.1
44.7

1,109.8
66.3
45.5
148.5
203.8
103.2
104.2
61.7
48.9

213.9
13.1
5.9
38.2
41.8
30.0
17.0
13.5
7.6

216.0
13.3
6.2
40.8
41.7
30.9
17.6
13.3
7.8

217.1
13.5
6.2
41.2
41.9
31.3
17.7
13.6
7.9

1,142.5
68.2
40.1
181.2
221.9
174.2
100.4
70.9
50.6

1,177.6
71.2
41.5
190.1
228.0
180.9
103.0
74.1
52.4

1,183.0
71.6
41.9
191.1
228.2
182.1
103.3
74.4
52.7

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

164.2
1.6
3.5
49.0
49.7

164.3
1.6
3.7
49.8
49.7

164.6
1.6
3.7
49.6
49.7

62.2
2.2
1.3
19.5
23.4

63.2
2.1
1.4
20.1
24.6

63.0
2.1
1.4
19.9
24.6

277.1
6.3
8.6
101.5
70.8

278.3
6.0
8.5
101.2
71.8

276.8
6.1
8.5
101.3
71.1

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

225.0
21.5
101.4
20.3

225.1
21.0
103.4
17.3

230.0
21.2
103.4
20.5

61.6
4.4
35.9
2.9

63.4
4.5
36.9
2.9

63.7
4.5
37.1
2.9

297.9
27.5
154.1
22.8

309.5
28.3
161.0
23.6

312.7
28.5
162.6
23.6

1,060.7
78.2
11.1
9.6
35.3
52.5
13.4
60.6
368.4
93.6
124.9

1,055.4
76.3
10.9
9.4
35.9
51.9
13.8
59.6
364.3
90.5
127.9

1,058.4
76.7
11.0
9.5
35.7
51.5
14.0
59.5
364.9
90.5
127.4

248.2
14.3
4.6
4.9
3.7
17.9
4.8
7.2
100.9
44.4
46.5

247.7
13.9
4.5
4.8
3.5
18.8
4.8
7.4
101.6
42.4
47.5

233.7
13.2
4.3
4.7
3.6
18.0
4.8
7.2
93.5
34.8
44.1

1,156.6
60.8
13.6
11.8
26.0
67.8
17.7
45.3
498.1
150.9
226.3

1,158.3
61.8
13.9
11.5
27.2
68.4
18.2
46.8
504.0
154.5
228.3

1,154.2
61.6
14.0
11.5
27.4
68.5
18.3
46.8
503.2
153.7
229.0

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County
North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham
North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

106




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

27.4
15.1
1.7
2.0

27.7
15.5
1.8
2.0

27.7
15.5
1.8
2.0

130.5
66.2
6.3
15.7

135.8
67.6
6.6
16.0

136.0
67.8
6.7
15.9

133.0
44.4
14.6
22.0

136.8
46.1
14.8
22.8

135.3
45.5
15.5
22.7

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

804.8
24.6
4.3
28.2
1.4
79.6
580.8
545.4
2.0
4.7
5.0
23.4
5.3
20.5
7.2
29.3

809.4
25.7
4.5
29.4
1.4
80.9
575.1
538.9
2.1
4.7
5.2
23.6
5.5
20.5
7.7
30.0

809.2
25.7
4.5
29.5
1.4
81.1
574.1
537.9
2.1
4.7
5.2
23.4
5.5
20.5
7.7
30.0

2,287.0
107.4
23.9
115.7
9.9
303.1
1,272.0
1,118.2
17.2
23.0
28.9
117.4
26.5
71.3
27.4
121.7

2,342.4
108.1
24.0
117.7
10.3
311.8
1,296.3
1,141.3
18.0
23.5
28.0
119.8
26.8
73.0
28.4
123.0

2,344.0
110.4
24.2
118.5
10.3
310.1
1,293.0
1,139.1
18.1
23.5
28.1
120.0
26.8
72.8
28.3
121.8

1,396.4
109.0
18.6
73.9
6.1
167.6
680.5
599.0
12.8
21.4
22.7
61.0
19.7
49.7
29.4
58.1

1,410.6
110.5
19.0
73.3
6.8
177.3
677.6
595.7
13.2
22.3
22.7
62.6
20.4
49.9
29.7
57.7

1,402.5
110.9
18.9
72.4
6.7
173.0
676.8
595.5
13.1
22.3
22.1
62.5
20.2
49.7
29.7
57.2

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham

132.7
2.7
37.5
24.4
23.5

134.4
2.6
38.1
24.9
23.3

134.6
2.6
38.2
25.1
23.3

531.0
20.5
107.1
91.0
99.0

555.1
21.7
112.8
91.1
101.8

556.3
21.7
113.4
91.3
102.2

411.7
10.6
58.3
43.2
86.8

418.1
10.9
62.1
44.2
86.3

422.2
10.7
62.3
44.8
88.0

12.3
1.6
4.5
1.1

12.2
1.5
4.5
1.1

12.2
1.6
4.5
1.1

64.2
11.2
19.6
6.7

65.9
11.5
20.4
6.9

65.6
11.8
20.3
6.9

60.6
8.3
11.6
8.0

62.4
8.5
12.7
8.3

61.1
8.5
12.1
8.3

253.3
10.8
6.5
42.8
58.0
59.2
18.4
12.5
8.5

258.5
10.9
6.4
43.9
59.6
60.4
18.8
12.8
8.4

259.1
11.0
6.4
43.9
59.7
60.7
18.8
12.8
8.5

1,104.7
63.2
37.2
181.0
240.9
162.9
106.7
74.6
46.3

1,151.2
66.7
39.0
190.1
252.0
171.6
111.3
78.2
49.1

1,152.4
66.7
39.0
190.7
252.0
172.0
111.9
78.7
49.0

640.3
37.4
17.7
82.4
112.6
115.5
65.7
36.2
21.0

656.5
38.0
18.2
84.0
117.5
117.3
70.5
37.6
21.4

646.9
37.6
17.7
83.6
113.1
117.0
69.4
36.3
21.5

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

59.2
1.0
1.6
24.1
17.5

58.6
1.0
1.5
23.9
17.6

58.3
1.0
1.5
23.8
17.6

252.1
5.2
6.0
95.1
75.8

257.5
5.5
6.3
94.4
79.4

255.4
5.4
6.3
92.3
79.9

233.1
3.1
10.5
92.4
35.0

233.9
3.2
11.2
91.8
36.1

234.4
3.3
11.1
93.9
36.3

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

74.8
5.3
49.5
5.9

75.9
5.6
50.2
6.1

76.5
5.6
50.5
6.0

263.9
25.5
143.2
20.4

272.6
27.0
149.3
20.9

273.5
27.1
149.7
21.1

194.9
19.6
73.6
29.4

198.4
21.0
75.9
28.9

197.8
20.2
74.9
30.1

295.9
12.9
1.9
1.7
5.3
18.9
4.8
7.2
164.0
71.5
52.8

300.5
12.9
2.2
1.6
5.6
20.8
4.5
7.5
164.5
71.0
54.0

299.6
12.7
2.1
1.6
5.6
20.8
4.5
7.6
163.8
70.7
53.8

1,338.8
69.7
11.3
11.7
27.4
66.0
20.0
39.1
624.0
253.9
274.3

1,385.8
73.3
11.5
12.3
28.1
69.4
20.5
41.1
640.2
258.5
281.5

1,383.2
72.9
11.5
12.4
28.0
69.1
20.4
40.7
640.6
258.1
280.0

667.4
27.6
7.7
7.6
12.5
64.7
13.1
13.6
296.0
148.1
101.7

670.2
28.1
7.3
7.6
12.8
64.5
12.9
13.6
295.2
144.2
104.2

665.8
28.3
7.4
7.4
12.4
64.8
12.9
13.5
293.1
142.6
99.9

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.




107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

(2)

(2)

(2)

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

149.7
301.3
50.8
174.8

152.8
303.6
51.7
177.9

153.1
303.5
51.5
177.3

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

456.3
131.9
321.0

456.9
132.2
326.0

455.9
131.9
325.3

1,442.6
190.2
224.8
312.7

1,498.2
197.9
232.4
320.8

1,505.5
198.2
233.6
323.8

266.4
36.0
68.3

268.1
37.3
69.1

269.0
37.0
69.3

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,064.7
195.4
162.6
262.8
436.1
478.0

2,069.7
199.1
164.5
259.6
439.9
477.6

2,082.2
200.2
165.0
259.0
442.9
476.8

6.9
.7
.4
1.7
.1
.8

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

6,643.1
48.7
76.8
343.7
131.8
58.6
68.3
47.5
123.6
1,342.7
192.1
525.9
72.8
1,435.9
71.2
38.0
66.2
93.0
90.8
44.2
42.7
35.8
494.8
37.7
43.9
59.9
27.1
77.3
50.5

6,776.2
48.4
76.3
346.0
134.4
61.0
69.5
48.8
126.2
1,348.0
196.4
537.8
72.9
1,477.4
72.5
39.8
66.5
94.5
93.6
43.2
41.6
35.9
503.7
36.7
45.5
60.5
27.7
78.8
50.0

6,771.1
48.7
76.1
345.1
134.9
61.0
69.8
48.6
126.4
1,346.9
198.5
538.0
72.6
1,474.1
72.3
40.0
66.5
94.7
93.5
43.4
41.6
35.4
500.8
36.7
45.6
60.2
27.7
78.1
50.1

186.1
2.1
1.4
.7
1.7
2.0
.1
.6
4.2
18.9
.1
3.7
.6
66.6
.1
1.9
3.7
.4
1.0
10.1
5.8
.5
2.3
.1
.1
2.0
1.7
.1
1.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

660.6
81.0
456.0

682.2
84.4
469.9

688.6
86.5
471.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

251.2
34.3
76.9

254.4
35.4
77.1

253.7
35.6
76.2

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

108




July
1989

Aug.
1989P

.5

.5

.5

7.9
15.9
2.4
9.9

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

.2
.2
.1

22.3
6.4
16.8

23.4
7.2
17.5

23.4
7.2
17.4

1.9

95.1
13.4
14.6
22.8

96.3
13.8
14.3
23.7

98.0
14.0
14.7
23.6

2.8
.3

11.6
2.1
3.1

11.4
2.1
3.2

11.7
2.1
3.2

6.3
.7
.5
1.7
.1
.7

6.5
.7
.5
1.7
.1
.8

98.5
8.2
7.3
13.6
19.2
28.0

93.7
8.8
7.6
11.5
18.9
28.3

95.1
8.9
7.7
11.8
18.9
28.4

177.1
1.9
1.3
.7
1.9
2.0
.1
.6
4.2
17.3
.1
3.9
.5
66.1
.1
1.8
3.6
.4
.9
9.4
5.6
.5
2.1
.1
.1
1.9
1.2
.1
1.8

177.4
1.9
1.3
.7
2.0
2.0
.1
.6
4.1
17.3
.1
3.8
.5
66.1
.1
1.8
3.6
.4
.9
9.4
5.6
.5
2.1
.1
.1
1.9
1.2
.1
1.8

336.1
2.2
3.9
14.6
8.8
6.8
2.1
1.9
8.4
55.2
9.4
22.8
4.3
90.7
3.6
1.2
3.5
3.5
4.2
1.4
2.1
1.5
24.7
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.6
3.8
2.2

316.5
1.9
4.0
13.1
9.2
7.4
2.2
1.7
9.6
52.1
8.6
22.9
4.9
91.4
3.4
1.2
3.1
3.3
4.2
1.3
1.7
1.2
22.4
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.5
3.4
2.1

317.5
1.9
4.0
13.1
9.5
7.6
2.1
1.8
9.6
51.5
8.6
23.3
4.8
91.4
3.5
1.3
3.1
3.2
4.2
1.5
1.8
1.2
22.4
1.8
1.6
2.1
1.6
3.3
2.0

8.1

27.5
3.1
19.4

27.7
3.0
19.1

28.3
3.1
19.3

18.7
2.1
4.4

20.1
1.9
4.8

20.8
1.9
4.8

0.7
(2)

0.6

1.8

1.9
(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)

O
2.8
.3

2.8
.3
1

0

1

()

8.0
(1)

0.6
(2)

(2)

01
()
(1)

0)

Aug.
1988

()

7.9
(1)

(1)

2.5

2.6

.6
.2

.7
.2

0)

2.7
.6
.2
1

()

8.1
16.3
2.6
10.5

8.3
16.3
2.6
10.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls In States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Aug.
1988
Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1969

Aug.
1989P

47.8
71.9
16.5
60.8

48.3
70.6
16.0
61.2

48.8
71.7
15.8
60.9

6.5
16.4
1.8
7.6

6.6
16.3
1.9
7.4

6.3
15.5
1.8
7.5

33.6
67.6
11.5
42.6

34.3
68.8
11.7
42.9

34.5
69.0
11.9
42.7

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

113.2
50.9
71.2

109.6
48.4
68.9

111.1
49.1
70.0

15.5
3.3
12.2

15.7
3.5
12.4

14.3
3.3
11.4

105.4
33.1
70.8

105.4
33.1
71.9

105.6
32.8
71.9

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

380.0
21.2
29.4
102.2

381.6
21.8
30.1
101.3

382.3
21.9
30.2
102.1

63.0
11.3
10.4
12.3

66.4
11.5
10.5
12.8

66.4
11.5
10.5
12.8

334.0
46.1
49.8
74.4

353.2
46.2
50.8
76.6

354.7
46.2
51.3
77.0

31.3
3.2
8.6

30.3
3.3
8.2

30.1
3.3
8.2

13.7
2.0
5.3

13.7
2.0
5.4

13.8
2.1
5.5

71.0
11.2
18.5

71.8
11.8
19.0

71.9
11.6
18.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

509.4
47.3
53.4
54.3
56.1
89.9

508.5
47.7
55.2
52.0
55.2
89.5

512.3
48.0
55.2
51.9
55.7
89.3

110.9
9.3
6.3
10.4
41.1
24.1

110.8
9.2
6.3
10.2
41.8
24.0

110.9
9.1
6.3
10.2
41.8
23.9

491.3
45.4
37.2
66.3
117.7
118.4

493.2
45.2
36.6
66.9
120.5
116.2

493.8
45.4
36.6
66.6
120.7
115.7

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

963.7
4.9
9.5
41.6
25.7
15.6
10.2
3.3
11.6
223.4
41.4
120.9
8.1
154.9
8.4
1.9
16.1
7.3
12.1
2.6
4.1
5.4
47.2
11.5
7.3
10.5
3.1
14.6
8.2

972.2
5.0
8.7
41.7
25.7
16.3
10.0
3.6
11.4
222.4
41.5
121.2
8.5
159.3
8.7
1.8
15.7
7.6
14.0
2.5
4.0
5.5
48.2
11.2
7.7
10.5
3.1
15.4
8.1

970.9
5.1
8.6
41.6
25.6
16.2
10.0
3.6
11.4
221.1
42.6
121.5
8.5
159.0
8.6
1.8
15.8
7.8
13.6
2.5
4.0
5.4
47.4
11.2
7.7
10.4
3.0
15.4
8.1

395.0
2.4
5.5
10.4
9.6
2.7
3.3
1.5
6.7
92.2
10.9
30.3
4.7
101.2
2.8
4.9
3.1
4.8
2.9
2.3
2.1
3.1
19.2
2.0
1.9
2.5
1.4
3.3
2.6

402.1
2.4
5.7
10.5
9.5
2.9
3.0
1.5
6.4
95.4
11.2
32.0
4.7
101.2
2.7
5.4
3.1
4.6
3.3
2.2
2.1
2.8
19.2
1.7
2.0
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.5

403.9
2.5
5.8
10.5
9.6
2.7
3.1
1.5
6.6
95.6
11.1
31.7
4.7
101.7
2.7
5.4
3.1
4.6
3.1
2.2
2.1
2.7
18.9
1.7
2.0
2.6
1.4
3.4
2.5

1,663.6
13.6
22.9
76.5
32.3
11.2
18.1
10.8
31.4
347.4
45.9
136.7
14.8
357.7
16.5
11.2
17.2
28.0
28.8
10.0
12.8
8.9
128.8
8.0
10.4
16.1
7.4
18.8
11.8

1,669.3
13.6
22.3
76.1
32.9
11.3
18.3
10.4
32.2
349.3
48.6
139.0
14.6
367.8
16.8
12.6
17.4
28.1
27.9
9.9
12.7
9.1
127.5
7.9
10.7
16.1
7.7
18.9
12.1

1,669.0
13.7
22.4
76.4
33.1
11.4
18.3
10.6
32.3
350.2
48.9
139.7
14.7
369.2
16.8
12.7
17.4
28.2
28.0
10.0
12.6
8.9
127.8
7.9
10.9
16.1
7.8
18.8
12.1

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

100.6
14.0
64.8

103.0
14.4
66.8

103.6
14.7
67.4

40.4
2.7
31.0

40.7
2.9
31.4

40.9
2.9
31.3

159.0
17.2
114.2

165.6
18.7
118.6

167.4
19.1
119.3

50.3
4.7
17.2

48.8
4.9
16.3

49.2
5.1
16.2

10.3
.9
3.2

10.6
.9
3.5

9.6
.9
2.9

60.3
7.4
19.0

60.5
7.7
19.1

60.5
7.8
19.0

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington
See footnotes at end of table.




109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Government

Services

Finance, insurance,
and real estate
State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

8.4
13.6
2.5
4.9

8.7
14.0
2.5
5.1

8.7
14.0
2.5
5.1

30.8
75.4
10.2
31.7

31.7
76.9
10.7
33.3

31.6
76.5
10.7
33.3

14.7
39.8
5.9
16.8

15.1
40.1
6.3
17.0

14.9
39.9
6.2
17.1

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

26.7
3.9
22.5

26.8
4.1
23.8

26.8
4.0
23.8

116.1
24.2
85.6

117.7
25.7
87.8

117.3
25.4
88.0

56.9
9.9
41.8

58.1
10.0
43.6

57.2
9.9
42.7

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

66.2
8.8
17.9
12.0

69.1
8.9
18.5
12.1

69.3
9.0
18.4
12.1

260.5
40.2
45.1
55.2

277.5
43.4
45.8
57.4

277.7
43.2
46.1
57.9

242.0
49.1
57.3
33.5

252.2
52.2
62.0
36.6

255.2
52.3
62.0
38.0

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

14.9
1.6
6.7

15.3
1.6
6.8

15.5
1.6
7.0

66.6
9.4
19.6

66.5
9.5
19.7

67.0
9.4
19.9

54.5
6.3
6.4

56.2
6.7
6.7

56.2
6.7
6.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

105.0
12.6
5.4
9.7
25.1
34.4

107.0
13.0
5.6
10.0
26.1
34.0

106.6
13.0
5.5
9.8
26.0
33.9

437.2
38.1
29.9
58.2
107.4
120.4

445.0
40.2
30.3
59.8
110.5
120.1

446.0
40.8
30.5
59.6
110.9
119.9

305.6
33.8
22.7
48.5
69.4
62.0

305.0
34.3
22.4
47.7
67.1
64.8

311.0
34.3
22.7
47.4
68.8
64.9

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur

442.6
2.4
4.3
24.4
5.3
2.0
3.7
1.6
6.8
130.0
8.8
26.8
4.3
102.6
2.9
1.7
2.6
5.4
3.7
2.3
1.7
1.8
40.0
1.8
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.9
2.4

441.8
2.5
4.1
23.9
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.6
7.0
127.1
8.5
27.1
4.2
99.6
3.2
1.5
2.7
5.6
3.8
2.3
1.6
1.8
40.4
1.7
1.9
3.4
1.6
4.8
2.3

442.0
2.5
4.0
23.8
5.1
1.9
3.6
1.6
7.0
126.7
8.5
27.2
4.1
99.9
3.2
1.6
2.7
5.6
4.0
2.2
1.6
1.8
40.4
1.7
1.9
3.3
1.5
4.8
2.4

1,534.1
12.7
17.0
84.2
29.6
8.1
15.9
8.7
28.3
331.1
38.9
120.4
14.6
383.8
16.0
6.3
12.1
23.0
15.3
9.6
7.2
8.2
125.1
8.3
9.5
14.6
5.7
20.5
11.9

1,609.5
12.6
17.5
86.6
30.8
8.7
16.4
9.4
28.6
340.2
38.9
125.7
15.0
404.7
16.5
6.3
12.7
23.5
15.9
9.6
7.1
8.2
130.8
8.2
9.7
14.7
6.0
20.9
11.8

1,607.5
12.7
17.5
86.4
30.8
8.7
16.4
9.3
28.7
340.7
39.5
125.1
14.8
401.3
16.4
6.3
12.6
23.5
16.1
9.6
7.1
8.2
130.0
8.2
9.6
14.7
6.1
20.7
11.9

1,121.9
8.4
12.3
91.3
18.8
10.2
15.0
19.1
26.2
144.5
36.7
64.3
21.4
178.4
20.9
8.9
7.9
20.6
22.8
5.9
6.9
6.4
107.5
4.2
11.2
8.7
4.6
11.3
9.5

1,187.7
8.5
12.7
93.4
19.3
10.5
16.0
20.0
26.8
144.2
39.0
66.0
20.5
187.3
21.1
9.2
8.2
21.4
23.6
6.0
6.8
6.8
113.1
4.1
11.8
9.2
5.2
11.9
9.3

1,182.9
8.4
12.5
92.6
19.2
10.5
16.2
19.6
26.7
143.8
39.3
65.7
20.5
185.5
21.0
9.1
8.2
21.4
23.6
6.0
6.8
6.7
111.8
4.1
11.8
9.1
5.1
11.6
9.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

33.5
2.3
27.4

33.4
2.2
27.0

33.3
2.4
27.0

157.8
28.5
108.0

167.2
30.4
113.5

169.5
30.9
114.5

133.8
13.2
88.7

136.7
12.8
90.9

137.5
13.4
89.7

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.8
3.0
3.7

13.6
3.1
3.7

13.6
3.1
3.7

62.2
7.9
19.6

63.0
8.6
19.3

62.6
8.7
19.3

36.0
8.1
9.8

37.1
8.1
10.3

36.8
7.9
10.2

Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Kjiieen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison

Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria

Waco
Wichita Falls

See footnotes at end of table.

110




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

2,793.0
31.3
64.5
41.2
71.4
572.0
750.1
452.5
122.5

2,902.2
31.9
65.4
42.4
72.8
577.9
801.1
466.5
123.4

2,895.3
31.6
65.0
42.5
73.3
574.9
796.3
463.4
123.4

16.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.5
1.0
.1

14.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
1.2
.1

14.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.6
1.2
.1

207.8
1.0
4.1
2.3
3.9
39.7
64.1
31.2
8.3

218.1
1.0
4.1
2.8
3.6
40.5
70.6
33.3
8.6

218.4
1.0
4.1
2.8
3.7
40.7
71.3
33.1
8.4

Washington
Seattle

1,945.0
993.6

2,029.7
1,044.5

2,046.0
1,054.8

3.4
.7

3.5
.6

3.6
.6

104.9
55.1

112.6
57.9

115.6
58.2

618.0
108.7
104.6
60.5
60.2

606.5
109.4
106.9
61.5
60.2

613.6
107.9
106.2
61.4
60.0

34.8
2.0
1.4
.7
2.7

17.1
1.0
1.5
.7
2.6

34.0
2.0
1.5
.6
2.9

27.7
4.6
3.9
3.1
2.2

28.4
4.2
4.1
3.0
2.0

28.8
4.1
4.1
3.1
2.0

2,164.2
152.6
55.7
96.2
56.3
39.7
53.6
202.5
719.2
73.4
48.5

2,203.8
153.6
57.4
99.4
56.5
39.0
56.9
208.0
729.9
75.3
50.5

2,214.2
154.6
57.4
100.8
56.2
39.0
57.2
208.8
733.3
76.4
50.7

2.9

77.0
7.4
1.7
3.2
1.7
1.5
2.1
6.8
23.6
2.1
2.0

81.8
8.0
1.5
3.8
1.4
1.6
2.5
6.4
24.6
2.4
2.3

82.6
8.0
1.5
4.1
1.3
1.6
2.6
6.2
24.4
2.5
2.4

Wyoming

187.1

190.2

189.2

18.9

11.9

11.4

11.8

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan

806.2
51.1
57.0
52.3
499.4

848.0
53.3
61.4
58.5
515.2

810.8
51.1
59.0
54.9
502.1

43.0

0
0

41.8
(1)

41.1

42.2

42.0

(1)

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Virgin Islands

Aug.
1988

July
1989

2.5

Aug.
1989P

2.9

01
(1)
(1)
()
0)
0
V)
(11)
()
(1)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

V)
19.2

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

0

18.8

.8

.8
(1)
(1)

.1
.4

.8
(1)
(1)

.1
.4

O

Aug.
1988

.1
.4
(1)

O
(1)

4.1
31.6
2.4

July
1989

O

3.7
30.4
2.0

Aug.
1989P

41.5

O
(1)

3.6
30.5
2.0

See footnotes at end of table.




Ill

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989"

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

428.2
10.5
8.6
16.7
22.7
68.4
35.4
62.6
19.5

424.7
10.6
8.7
16.5
22.6
67.2
34.1
61.2
19.1

425.7
10.2
8.7
16.6
22.9
67.5
33.9
60.9
19.6

147.4
1.2
2.3
1.0
2.6
26.8
53.8
23.9
8.5

149.6
1.1
2.3
.9
2.5
26.7
59.5
23.5
8.5

142.8
1.1
2.3
.9
2.3
24.1
58.2
21.0
8.0

639.4
8.2
12.9
9.3
16.2
142.6
165.4
109.4
33.8

666.6
8.6
13.7
10.1
16.9
143.9
171.9
113.9
33.9

667.6
8.7
13.7
10.0
17.1
142.6
171.0
113.8
33.9

Washington
Seattle

343.2
200.2

363.0
217.4

367.4
219.2

103.8
61.8

108.1
65.9

108.5
66.2

484.2
242.4

499.0
247.5

510.8
255.5

88.3
10.9
19.8
14.4
7.3

86.9
11.2
20.1
14.3
7.5

86.7
11.1
20.1
14.5
7.6

37.8
8.6
8.1
2.2
3.4

37.2
8.9
8.0
2.3
3.4

34.8
7.7
7.6
2.1
3.2

145.0
28.6
26.9
14.6
16.7

148.4
29.2
27.2
14.6
16.4

149.4
29.2
27.4
14.6
16.4

565.7
55.0
11.5
26.1
18.3
11.8
11.4
25.0
174.8
25.7
14.2

561.6
53.9
12.0
27.3
16.9
9.9
11.1
25.5
174.7
25.3
14.6

566.2
53.6
12.3
27.3
17.1
9.6
11.0
25.7
175.1
26.2
14.5

96.0
5.2
3.0
7.1
1.8
1.5
2.3
7.1
33.9
2.3
2.6

98.5
5.6
3.1
7.4
2.1
1.5
2.3
7.1
34.6
2.3
2.8

98.7
5.6
3.1
7.4
1.9
1.5
2.3
7.1
34.8
2.3
2.8

518.1
32.3
15.3
24.6
14.3
10.0
15.3
45.5
167.1
16.7
11.9

526.6
32.8
15.0
24.6
14.6
10.3
16.6
46.6
169.9
17.1
12.5

531.0
33.7
15.4
25.1
14.5
10.4
16.8
47.0
171.5
17.2
12.6

9.1

9.5

9.4

13.5

13.9

14.2

43.3

43.7

43.2

152.9
16.2
20.1
9.2
64.4

158.2
16.3
21.1
9.7
66.9

158.7
16.5
20.9
9.7
66.9

16.7

13.5

144.2
10.8
7.7
8.5
99.4

146.0
10.8
7.7
8.9
99.8

147.1
11.0
7.8
9.1
100.4

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.6

9.1

9.3

9.2

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
See footnotes at end of table.

112




18.1

01
(1)
()

14.3
2.5

16.6

0
(1)
0

13.5
2.6

V)
O
O

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry—Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area

Aug.
1988

Wyoming
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan
Virgin Islands
1
2
p

Not available.
Combined with construction.
= preliminary.




July
1989

Aug.
1989P

141.2
243.6

145.1

726.3
4.5
13.2
6.2
13.7
145.5

265.8

41.4
8.6

95.5

98.7

29.4

116.0
73.7

116.4
74.1

24.4
6.2
3.8
2.3
2.8

24.2
6.2
3.8
2.4
2.8

116.6
7.2
1.8
3.2
1.6
1.2
1.6
18.8
50.6
2.3
3.6
7.2

Washington

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Aug.
1988

727.1
4.5
13.4
6.1
13.5

153.4
1.2
3.4

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Aug.
1989p

682.3
4.4
13.0
6.0
13.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

Seattle

July
1989
159.1

159.2
1.3
3.3

1.3
4.0
27.7
50.0

1.3
3.3
1.3
4.4
27.5
52.8

39.3

41.3

8.3

8.6

111.4
70.9

36.1

1.3
4.4
27.5
53.3

Aug.
1988

July
1989

518.4
4.7
20.1
4.5

542.3
4.7
19.8
4.6

8.9

Aug.
1989P

540.5
4.7
19.6

4.6

9.2
126.8

126.8

264.8

125.5
137.3

145.8

143.2

30.1

98.8
30.2

89.6
14.6

93.4
14.5

93.2
14.6

448.7
233.9

473.6
250.5

473.9
252.2

345.4
128.6

353.9
131.0

349.8
128.8

24.3
6.2
3.8
2.4
2.8

133.5
26.1
22.8
13.6
15.7

139.4
26.9
24.0
14.2
16.0

139.8
26.7
24.1
14.2
16.0

126.5
21.7

124.9
21.8

115.8
20.9

17.9

18.2
10.0
9.5

17.6
9.9
9.1

121.2
7.5
1.9
3.6
1.7
1.3
1.7
19.1
52.4
2.4
3.7

121.3
7.5
1.9
3.6
1.7
1.3
1.7
19.2
52.3
2.4
3.6

487.5
29.9
12.9
21.9
12.1
8.6
14.7
45.1

501.3
30.4
13.5
22.5
12.8
8.8
16.0
46.7
197.1
17.5
9.1

300.8
15.4
9.5
10.0
6.4

311.9
15.4

191.1
16.4
8.7

499.3
30.1
13.7
22.2
12.7
8.6
15.9
46.4
195.9
17.4
8.9

7.9
5.5

10.4
7.0
5.8
6.8
56.7
77.5
8.4
5.7

310.2
15.5
9.7
10.7
6.8
5.8
6.8
56.7
77.8
8.3
5.7

7.3

7.3

37.1

38.1

38.2

45.8

47.5

46.2

36.0

35.8

119.0

120.3

120.9

328.2
18.1
21.4
22.4

187.6

289.3
15.6
19.0
18.7
173.7

14.3

14.6

9.6
9.4

5.1
6.2
54.0
77.8

28.7

28.9

28.7

9.7
86.4

10.1
87.6

10.4
87.9

292.1
15.6
19.0
17.0
174.3

1.9

2.0

2.0

8.8

9.5

9.2

14.0

O
O

10.2

9.1

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication.
All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988 benchmarks.

113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23

$102.56
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39

137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.3

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.32

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
484.18

38.5
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1

6.96
7.56
8.09
8.55
8.89
9.16
9.35
9.60
9.94

267.96
291.06
309.85
329.18
342.27
351.74
358.11
365.76
378.71

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.18

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.72

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.40

Weekly
earnings

Wholesale trade

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
September.
October
November.,
December..
1989:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August"
September*5

41.3
41.3
41.5
41.7

$10.25
10.25
10.31
10.37

$9.75
9.76
9.82
9.88

$423.33
423.33
427.87
432.43

39.5
39.5
39.3
39.5

$12.40
12.42
12.46
12.42

$489.80
490.59
489.68
490.59

38.1
38.2
38.0
38.2

$10.04
10.10
10.07
10.14

$382.52
385.82
382.66
387.35

41.0
40.8
41.0
41.0
40.9
41.1
40.5
40.8
41.1

10.37
10.38
10.41
10.41
10.42
10.44
10.47
10.44
10.54

9.91
9.92
9.94
9.95
9.98
9.98
10.02
9.97
10.04

425.17
423.50
426.81
426.81
426.18
429.08
424.04
425.95
433.19

39.3
39.1
39.2
39.8
39.3
39.6
39.8
39.3
39.4

12.47
12.50
12.46
12.51
12.49
12.48
12.58
12.50
12.67

490.07
488.75
488.43
497.90
490.86
494.21
500.68
491.25
499.20

37.9
37.8
37.9
38.2
37.9
38.1
38.3
38.1
38.1

10.23
10.23
10.21
10.36
10.28
10.31
10.40
10.35
10.44

387.72
386.69
386.96
395.75
389.61
392.81
398.32
394.34
397.76

See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Construction

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.29

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.36

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.75

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
539.33

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.01

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
493.08

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
September.
October
November..
December..
1989:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
Augusf
September"

34.8
34.9
34.7
34.9

$9.40
9.45
9.46
9.46

$327.12
329.81
328.26
330.15

42.2
42.6
41.9
42.8

$12.82
12.79
12.89
13.03

$541.00
544.85
540.09
557.68

38.4
39.1
37.8
37.3

$13.16
13.17
13.08
13.19

$505.34
514.95
494.42
491.99

34.5
•34.3
34.4
34.8
34.5
34.8
35.1
34.9
34.7

9.54
9.55
9.56
9.62
9.59
9.58
9.63
9.60
9.76

329.13
327.57
328.86
334.78
330.86
333.38
338.01
335.04
338.67

42.2
41.7
42.0
42.8
42.0
42.6
42.5
42.8
43.0

13.20
13.22
13.15
13.19
13.13
13.03
12.95
13.04
13.19

557.04
551.27
552.30
564.53
551.46
555.08
550.38
558.11
567.17

36.5
36.2
37.4
37.9
37.7
38.0
38.9
38.9
38.6

13.26
13.21
13.26
13.30
13.28
13.24
13.33
13.33
13.48

483.99
478.20
495.92
504.07
500.66
503.12
518.54
518.54
520.33

See footnotes at end of table.

116




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-1. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9

Weekly
hours

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Services
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.09

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
326.33

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.91

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
290.47

Hourly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1988:
September.
October
November..
December..
1989:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
Augusf
September

29.1
29.1
28.8
29.6

$6.38
6.39
6.43
6.43

$185.66
185.95
185.18
190.33

35.8
36.0
35.7
35.8

$9.14
9.29
9.27
9.32

$327.21
334.44
330.94
333.66

32.5
32.7
32.5
32.6

$9.00
9.09
9.11
9.16

$292.50
297.24
296.08
298.62

28.4
28.3
28.5
28.9
28.8
29.2
29.9
29.6
28.8

6.48
6.47
6.48
6.52
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.49
6.61

184.03
183.10
184.68
188.43
186.91
189.51
194.05
192.10
190.37

36.1
35.8
35.8
36.3
35.6
35.8
36.3
35.8
35.7

9.46
9.47
9.43
9.59
9.48
9.48
9.59
9.49
9.60

341.51
339.03
337.59
348.12
337.49
339.38
348.12
339.74
342.72

32.6
32.4
32.4
32.8
32.4
32.7
33.1
32.9
32.6

9.25
9.28
9.29
9.34
9.30
9.26
9.33
9.29
9.48

301.55
300.67
301.00
306.35
301.32
302.80
308.82
305.64
309.05

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently
projected from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more
recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data
from April 1988 forward are subject to revision.

117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

35.0

34.8

35.1

34.9

34.7

42.0

42.2

42.5

42.8

43.0

43.8
43.0
49.1

43.0
42.6
46.8

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

40.9
41.4
41.4

42.1
42.1
43.5

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

42.5
42.5

43.1
43.2

13
Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids . 131,2
138
Oil and gas field services

40.4
40.0
40.7

40.5
41.6
39.9

41.8
42.9
41.2

41.9
41.6
42.0

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

46.7
48.4

46.1
47.7

47.1
48.6

47.3
48.9

14
142

Average overtime hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989 P

Sept.
1989 P

41.1
41.2

Crushed and broken stone
38.6

38.4

38.9

38.9

15
152
153
154

37.9
37.0
38.7
38.9

37.8
36.8
38.5
38.9

37.9
37.1
38.5
38.9

38.1
37.2
39.5
39.0

16
161
162

43.0
45.1
41.9

42.5
44.3
41.5

43.5
45.7
42.4

43.6
46.1
42.3

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

37.7
39.1
36.5
38.6
35.7
35.4
35.4

37.5
38.7
36.8
38.7
35.2
35.0
34.9

38.0
39.2
36.1
39.2
35.6
35.2
36.2

38.0
38.9
36.6
39.2
35.6
35.5
35.7

40.9

41.3

40.5

40.8

41.1

3.9

4.2

3.7

3.8

4.1

41.3

42.0

40.9

41.2

41.6

4.0

4.3

3.7

3.8

4.1

38.6

Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

40.3
39.2
41.2
41.4
40.4
40.6
41.0
40.1
40.5
40.4
38.7
40.2
40.2
39.7

40.3
37.4
41.5
41.8
40.3
40.4
40.3
39.3
40.6
42.8
38.9
40.2
39.8
40.5

39.5
40.7
39.8
40.1
38.4
39.3
38.7
39.5
38.9
40.7
38.7
38.4
38.0
39.6

40.4
42.2
41.2
41.4
40.3
39.8
39.0
39.5
40.3
42.1
38.4
39.1
39.2
40.1

40.2

3.9
4.3
4.4
4.6
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.0

3.8
4.1
4.2
4.5
3.3
3.6
3.1
3.4
3.4
4.8
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.2

3.5
5.3
4.1
4.4
2.8
3.0
1.9
2.9
3.0
5.5
3.2
2.1
1.8
2.9

3.8
5.8
4.4
4.7
3.5
3.3
2.2
3.3
3.6
5.1
3.1
2.2
2.0
2.8

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39.3
38.9
39.2
37.7
39.2
40.7
39.8
41.1
40.0
40.0

40.1
39.5
39.7
38.5
40.5
41.1
40.8
41.4
41.4
40.0

38.8
38.0
38.8
36.4
38.8
39.6
38.8
39.5
41.3
39.6

39.8
39.3
39.8
38.3
39.6
40.8
39.3
41.0
41.7
40.0

40.1

2.7
2.4
2.6
1.6
2.4
3.8
2.4
4.1
3.6
3.2

3.3
2.9
2.9
2.2
3.1
4.6
3.4
4.6
4.5
3.2

2.4
1.8
2.2
1.1
2.0
3.0
2.4
3.5
4.4
2.6

2.9
2.5
2.7
1.8
2.7
3.9
2.4
4.0
4.4
2.8

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass

32
321
322

42.5
45.7
41.2

42.8
46.5
41.7

42.5
44.7
41.4

42.8
43.7
41.9

42.7

5.3
7.5
4.5

5.5
8.8
4.6

5.3
4.4
4.7

5.6
4.8
5.0

Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
See footnotes at end of table.

118




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Total private
Mining

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

$9.24

$9.40

$9.63

$9.60

$9.76 $323.40 $327.12 $338.01 $335.04 $338.67

12.69

12.82

12.95

13.04

13.19

13.70
14.35
11.72

532.98

541.00

550.38

558.11

13.67
14.42
11.75

546.83
601.54
477.34

560.77
574.24
511.13

600.06
617.05
575.45

587.81
614.29
549.90

16.01
16.06

678.73
680.85

692.19
695.95

618.58
622.52

658.01
661.67

567.17

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

13.37
14.53
11.53

13.32
13.64
11.75

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

11,12
12

15.97
16.02

16.06
16.11

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

13
131,2
138

11.70
14.32
10.20

11.84
14.53
10.22

12.49
15.42
10.73

12.32
15.36
10.64

472.68
572.80
415.14

479.52
604.45
407.78

522.08
661.52
442.08

516.21
638.98
446.88

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

10.99
10.47

11.07
10.51

11.33
10.86

11.33
10.82

513.23
506.75

510.33
501.33

533.64
527.80

535.91
529.10

12.99

13.16

13.33

13.33

501.41

505.34

518.54

518.54

15
152
153
154

12.16
11.45
11.22
12.98

12.33
11.69
11.36
13.09

12.52
11.98
12.04
13.14

12.53
11.98
11.77
13.17

460.86
423.65
434.21
504.92

466.07
430.19
437.36
509.20

474.51
444.46
463.54
511.15

477.39
445.66
464.92
513.63

16
161
162

12.56
12.50
12.60

12.74
12.71
12.76

13.18
13.03
13.26

13.18
13.09
13.23

540.08
563.75
527.94

541.45
563.05
529.54

573.33
595.47
562.22

574.65
603.45
559.63

17
171

13.48
13.77
12.80
14.73
13.67
12.80
12.01

13.65
13.91
12.93
14.81
13.87
13.11
12.10

13.71
14.14
13.02
14.80
13.94
13.07
12.15

13.71
14.13
12.91
14.68
14.09
13.15
12.20

508.20
538.41
467.20
568.58
488.02
453.12
425.15

511.88
538.32
475.82
573.15
488.22
458.85
422.29

520.98
554.29
470.02
580.16
496.26
460.06
439.83

520.98
549.66
472.51
575.46
501.60
466.83
435.54

10.13

10.25

10.47

10.44

10.54

414.32

423.33

424.04

425.95

433.19

10.65

10.78

10.99

10.98

11.09

439.85

452.76

449.49

452.38

461.34

8.58
10.77
8.69
9.01
7.04
8.57
8.80
7.96
7.02
10.12
6.37
8.09
8.17
7.44

8.69
10.93
8.85
9.17
7.16
8.69
8.93
8.06
7.00
10.21
6.47
8.19
8.29
7.48

8.92
11.20
9.15
9.49
7.35
8.78
8.98
8.02
7.30
10.42
6.42
8.26
8.30
7.73

8.93
11.27
9.05
9.40
7.32
8.84
9.08
8.20
7.43
10.25
6.42
8.31
8.38
7.69

8.97

345.77
422.18
358.03
373.01
284.42
347.94
360.80
319.20
284.31
408.85
246.52
325.22
328.43
295.37

350.21
408.78
367.28
383.31
288.55
351.08
359.88
316.76
284.20
436.99
251.68
329.24
329.94
302.94

352.34
455.84
364.17
380.55
282.24
345.05
347.53
316.79
283.97
424.09
248.45
317.18
315.40
306.11

360.77
475.59
372.86
389.16
295.00
351.83
354.12
323.90
299.43
431.53
246.53
324.92
328.50
308.37

360.59

8.02
7.37
6.90
7.95
7.62
7.79
9.11
8.37
9.50
8.28

8.09
7.44
6.95
8.08
7.48
7.92
9.11
8.47
9.61
8.40

8.26
7.57
7.16
8.15
7.97
7.91
9.39
8.64
9.73
8.55

8.29
7.68
7.19
8.33
8.06
8.08
9.35
8.77
9.62
8.43

8.41

315.19
286.69
270.48
299.72
298.70
317.05
362.58
344.01
380.00
331.20

324.41
293.88
275.92
311.08
302.94
325.51
371.69
350.66
397.85
336.00

320.49
287.66
277.81
296.66
309.24
313.24
364.33
341.28
401.85
338.58

329.94
301.82
286.16
319.04
319.18
329.66
367.46
359.57
401.15
337.20

337.24

10.45
14.60
11.73

10.55
15.20
11.66

10.75
14.87
12.14

10.76
14.71
12.14

10.81

444.13
667.22
483.28

451.54
706.80
486.22

456.88
664.69
502.60

460.53
642.83
508.67

461.59

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction contractors
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, and decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242

2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511

2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown

32
321
322

13.48

520.33

See footnotes at end of table.




119

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

5.3
3.6
3.1
3.8
4.5
3.0
7.1
7.4
6.4
7.4
4.5
3.4
4.1

5.1
4.0
4.2
3.8
4.5
3.7
6.9
7.6
6.1
7.0
5.0
4.3
3.6

5.8
3.4
3.6
2.9
3.8
3.0
7.6
7.2
6.7
8.2
4.4
3.4
3.5

6.0
3.8
3.3
4.0
3.8
3.4
7.9
7.6
6.9
8.5
4.5
3.2
5.1

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products ....
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

41.2
41.3
41.2
42.5
42.2
40.3
44.1
45.9
43.2
43.8
41.9
42.7
41.2

41.4
42.1
43.0
42.3
41.9
40.6
43.9
46.3
42.9
43.5
42.6
43.5
42.7

41.7
41.0
41.5
41.0
41.2
39.8
44.6
44.2
44.1
44.6
41.7
42.6
40.7

42.0
41.7
41.1
42.0
41.4
40.9
44.8
44.8
44.5
44.7
41.8
42.0
41.9

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products ...
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating .
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

43.1
43.6
44.0
41.9
43.2
43.5
41.3
42.3
43.6
44.3
43.3
43.2
45.3
42.7
41.0
41.4

44.0
44.7
45.3
42.4
43.9
44.1
42.1
43.6
43.7
43.8
44.2
44.0
45.8
43.7
42.0
42.3

42.6
43.2
43.5
40.7
42.0
42.3
41.0
41.2
42.8
42.5
43.3
43.3
45.6
41.9
40.5
40.6

42.5
43.0
43.3
41.5
41.5
41.6
40.3
41.3
43.0
42.8
43.3
44.1
43.3
42.4
40.9
40.7

42.6
42.5

5.6
6.0
6.3
5.3
5.7
6.2
4.3
4.8
5.0
5.1
6.2
7.0
7.9
5.4
3.7
3.9

5.9
6.3
6.6
5.0
6.0
6.4
4.2
5.8
5.0
4.9
6.6
6.6
8.5
6.0
4.2
4.4

5.0
5.3
5.6
3.6
4.5
4.7
3.1
4.3
5.0
5.0
6.0
5.7
8.1
5.1
3.2
3.1

5.1
5.5
5.6
5.4
4.4
4.5
2.9
4.5
4.9
4.9
6.2
6.2
7.6
5.6
3.3
3.1

41.5
45.6
46.1
40.7
40.3
40.7
41.2
40.5
41.6
41.2
42.5
40.5
42.3
39.9
40.7
42.6
41.2
44.2
41.9
42.4
42.7
40.7
40.3
40.2
40.4
41.4
40.7
41.1
41.9
40.2

42.1
45.2
45.7
41.3
41.2
41.0
41.3
40.8
41.4
41.3
42.2
39.8
43.0
40.1
41.3
43.3
42.0
44.8
43.5
43.1
45.2
41.2
40.9
40.6
41.5
41.9
41.2
41.9
42.4
40.6

40.7
44.6
44.8
39.6
39.6
39.2
39.9
40.2
39.6
41.0
42.0
39.7
41.3
40.5
41.0
41.2
40.7
41.8
40.4
41.4
40.1
39.8
39.9
39.4
40.9
40.9
40.4
40.4
41.2
39.0

41.1
44.2
44.2
40.6
40.4
40.2
40.5
40.0
40.8
41.3
42.4
39.9
41.9
40.3
41.4
41.5
40.5
42.7
41.1
41.9
41.6
39.9
40.4
39.8
41.4
40.6
39.4
40.9
41.3
40.1

41.5

4.0
6.5
6.7
3.1
2.7
3.2
4.2
3.4
4.8
4.0
5.4
3.2
4.6
3.2
3.8
5.2
4.2
6.2
4.3
4.8
4.5
3.8
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.7
4.0
3.5

4.5
6.5
6.7
3.6
3.2
3.7
3.9
2.6
4.8
4.2
5.2
3.0
4.8
3.4
4.9
5.8
4.9
6.8
5.5
4.9
6.6
4.1
3.8
3.6
4.2
3.5
3.1
4.1
4.2
4.0

3.6
6.3
6.3
2.6
2.4
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.7
3.8
4.5
2.8
4.1
3.4
4.6
4.3
3.5
5.2
3.4
4.1
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.7
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.3
2.7

3.7
6.1
6.0
2.9
2.5
2.8
3.1
2.4
3.6
3.8
4.6
2.6
4.1
3.5
4.7
4.4
3.6
5.2
3.8
4.2
3.8
3.4
3.4
2.9
4.2
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.1

42.0
42.7
42.8
42.7
41.3
42.4

42.7
44.2
43.2
44.5
41.3
41.7

41.9
43.2
41.1
43.9
40.6
41.5

41.7
41.9
43.1
41.5
40.4
41.1

42.2

4.2
4.7
5.3
4.5
3.8
4.6

4.6
5.0
6.2
4.6
3.9
4.7

4.0
3.6
5.2
3.1
3.7
4.3

4.0
4.0
5.8
3.3
3.3
3.8

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
3432
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets .
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

120




35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Sept.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products—Continued
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1972
SIC
Code

3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291

3292
33
331
3312
3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336

3361

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades .. 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
343
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
3432
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
344
Fabricated structural metal products
3441
Fabricated structural metal
3442
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3443
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3444
Sheet metal work
3446
Architectural metal work
345
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
3451
Screw machine products
3452
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
346
Metal forgings and stampings
3462
Iron and steel forgings
3465
Automotive stampings
3469
Metal stampings, nee
347
Metal services, nee
3471
Plating and polishing
3479
Metal coating and allied services
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products
Machinery, except electrical
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

$12.21 $12.10 $12.75
11.17 11.43
11.17
9.19
8.95
9.44
13.17
8.91

13.48
8.97

9.23
10.25

9.34
10.35

9.37
9.21

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

$503.05 $500.94 $531.68 $536.76
461.32 470.26 468.63 474.96
368.74 395.17 391.76 385.11
559.73
570.20 556.37 575.40
376.00
375.84 377.80 377.15
371.97
379.20 378.10 389.37
452.03 454.37 471.87 475.78
430.08 432.91 432.72 437.70
397.87 399.83 423.36 423.64
482.68 484.59
504.87 511.37
441.63
452.41 446.19 447.26
422.73 442.40 430.69 425.88
446.61 458.60 448.51 467.60

$12.78

11.39
9.37
13.70
9.11

11.02
10.54
9.90
10.84

9.35
9.32
11.14
10.62
10.17
10.74

13.57
9.17
9.50
10.58
9.79
9.60
11.32
10.70
10.11
11.02

11.16

12.10
13.96
14.71
10.76
10.82
11.37
11.56
10.04
13.32
13.51
11.60
10.90
14.07
11.66
9.45
9.60

12.24
14.07
14.84
10.82
11.01
11.56
11.72
10.29
13.41
13.72
11.79
11.03
14.17
11.90
9.67
9.89

12.40
14.33
15.12
10.98
11.07
11.62
12.01
10.34
13.75
14.00
11.77
11.26
14.22
11.88
9.80
10.05

12.35
14.28
15.02
11.12
11.02
11.53
11.68
10.42
13.72
13.87
11.84
11.09
14.35
11.98
9.71
9.90

$12.41
14.35

521.51
608.66
647.24
450.84
467.42
494.60
477.43
424.69
580.75
598.49
502.28
470.88
637.37
497.88
387.45
397.44

538.56
628.93
672.25
458.77
483.34
509.80
493.41
448.64
586.02
600.94
521.12
485.32
648.99
520.03
406.14
418.35

528.24
619.06
657.72
446.89
464.94
491.53
492.41
426.01
588.50
595.00
509.64
487.56
648.43
497.77
396.90
408.03

524.88
614.04
650.37
461.48
457.33
479.65
470.70
430.35
589.96
593.64
512.67
489.07
621.36
507.95
397.14
402.93

$528.67
609.88

10.21
13.38

10.34

10.53
14.00

10.50
13.86

10.63

14.46
10.18
9.35

14.93

10.43
9.60

14.80
10.42
9.60

10.81
9.51

10.78
9.40

9.11
9.29
9.95

9.05
9.37

435.31
615.17
660.82
420.43
385.22
432.55
388.22
368.02
381.71
400.20
437.19
323.18
443.76
396.99
378.31
437.76
396.48
484.74
537.66
556.42
636.42
391.81
339.06
334.95
346.94
479.34
453.20
400.56
440.96
350.38

428.57
624.40
668.86
413.03
380.16
423.75
379.45
366.22
367.88
407.95
438.48
331.10
437.78
422.01
382.53
423.54
394.79
456.04
504.19
551.86
570.22
387.25
340.75
335.29
350.92
474.85
460.96
396.73
437.13
334.62

431.55
612.61
654.16
423.05
387.84
433.36
380.70
362.00
382.30
410.94
441.81
330.37
448.75
418.31
383.78
426.21
394.07
462.01
508.82
551.40
581.57
393.81
345.42
338.70
356.45
479.49
457.43
401.64
441.91
337.64

441.15

13.61

473.54
605.98
605.66
606.09
427.87
459.95

475.57
611.71
586.50
620.31
428.74
467.29

472.88
590.37
622.36
579.34
428.64
461.55

483.61

9.52
10.62
9.77
9.52

11.44
10.70
10.14

8.21
8.33
11.35
11.01

8.36
11.44
11.00

9.53
10.44

9.56
10.40

11.41
9.82
10.61

8.49

8.63

8.58

10.70
8.42

423.72
610.13
653.24
407.41
369.95
422.87
383.57
364.91
380.22
394.70
437.33
325.62
431.88
395.41
359.79
426.00
382.75
475.15
509.92
548.66
593.96
385.02
332.48
330.04
336.53
469.89
448.11
391.68
437.44
341.30

10.97
13.65
13.88
13.58
10.29
10.79

11.09
13.71
14.02
13.62
10.36
11.03

11.35
14.16
14.27
14.13
10.56
11.26

11.34
14.09
14.44
13.96
10.61
11.23

11.46 460.74
582.86
594.06
579.87
424.98
457.50

14.17
10.01
9.18
10.39
9.31
9.01
9.14
9.58
10.29
8.04

10.21
9.91
8.84
10.00

9.29
10.75
12.17
12.94
13.91

9.46
8.25

10.55

9.40
9.02
9.22
9.69
10.36
8.12
10.32

9.90
9.16

10.11
9.44
10.82
12.36
12.91
14.08
9.51

8.29
8.25

10.44
8.34
10.60
10.42

9.33
10.28
9.70
10.91
12.48
13.33

14.22
9.73
8.54
8.51
8.58
11.61

9.95
10.42
8.28
10.71

10.38
9.27
10.27
9.73
10.82
12.38
13.16
13.98
9.87
8.55
8.51
8.61
11.81

11.61
9.82

See footnotes at end of table.




121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
,
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ...
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus...
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ....
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment
See footnotes at end of table.

122




1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354

3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564

3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359

3592
3599
36
361
3612

3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651

366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369

3691
3694

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

42.8
43.6
41.6
42.6
43.2
41.3
42.9
42.6
43.7
43.7
41.2
42.1
41.5
41.9
41.7
38.4
42.3
42.8
43.1
42.8
41.4
42.9
40.1
41.4
41.4
41.3
41.7
41.5
42.7
41.4

43.3
44.5
42.6
41.5
43.4
41.9
43.9
43.5
45.3
44.7
42.0
43.2
42.5
42.5
42.7
39.4
43.3
43.9
44.3
42.8
41.9
43.3
42.1
41.9
41.9
41.8
42.2
42.2
42.2
42.2

42.3
43.0
41.0
41.4
43.9
40.5
42.8
42.8
43.8
43.6
41.6
42.5
41.5
42.0
42.1
38.2
41.7
40.9
42.8
42.0
40.7
41.4
41.6
40.9
40.9
42.0
43.0
41.5
40.4
41.7

42.2
42.3
41.5
41.5
43.0
42.1
42.7
43.0
43.3
43.5
40.7
42.6
41.7
42.7
42.1
38.5
41.8
41.6
43.1
42.3
40.7
41.2
41.3
41.5
41.6
41.2
41.8
41.2
41.6
41.1

40.6
42.0
42.1
41.9
41.6
41.5
40.5
39.3
40.2
38.3
40.9
39.6
39.7
38.2
40.9
38.1
40.5
40.2
40.8
42.2
40.2
40.2
42.0
40.1
40.4
41.7
42.3
41.6

41.0
42.4
42.5
42.3
42.0
41.9
40.9
40.5
41.1
40.6
41.7
40.1
40.6
39.3
41.1
39.2
41.9
41.7
40.7
41.4
40.4
40.3
42.1
39.9
40.7
43.0
43.5
43.6

40.0
41.2
40.8
41.5
41.4
41.6
40.8
39.4
38.1
41.0
39.7
38.9
38.7
39.5
38.8
36.3
39.1
38.6
40.7
43.0
39.8
39.4
41.2
39.1
39.7
40.3
40.9
40.2

40.7
41.3
41.5
41.2
41.0
40.9
40.3
39.5
38.5
40.6
40.8
40.1
40.0
39.7
41.7
38.1
39.6
38.8
41.6
44.4
40.5
40.3
41.5
39.8
40.8
42.2
42.6
42.8

Average overtime hours
Sept.
1989P

41.1

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

3.9
3.6
3.9
5.2
4.7
3.2
5.0
4.4
5.3
5.8
3.8
3.9
4.3
3.9
3.4
4.4
4.4
4.3
5.7
4.4
3.3
5.3
4.6
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
4.4
4.9
4.3

4.1
3.9
4.5
4.2
5.0
3.6
5.7
5.1
7.1
6.4
4.5
4.4
5.4
4.5
4.0
5.6
5.2
4.7
6.3
4.8
4.3
5.8
5.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.7
4.7
4.9
4.7

3.9
3.9
4.0
3.5
5.4
3.0
5.1
4.9
5.4
5.7
4.3
3.5
4.4
4.5
3.8
3.8
4.3
3.4
5.7
4.4
3.4
4.5
4.9
2.3
2.4
4.1
4.7
4.2
3.9
4.2

4.3
4.6
3.8
4.0
5.1
3.9
4.9
5.0
5.3
5.6
3.8
3.8
4.5
4.8
3.7
4.3
4.2
3.9
5.6
4.3
3.4
4.8
4.4
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.5
4.0
3.5
4.0

3.2
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.5
3.7
2.3
3.0
4.6
1.9
3.7
2.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.1
3.3
2.7
2.5
2.9
2.4
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.8
3.6
4.3

3.5
4.1
3.9
4.2
3.9
4.2
2.8
3.6
4.4
2.7
4.2
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.6
2.7
4.2
3.8
2.7
2.8
2.6
3.5
4.5
3.7
3.5
4.5
4.0
5.6

2.8
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.6
4.3
2.5
2.8
3.8
2.4
2.9
2.6
2.4
3.2
2.4
1.3
2.8
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.2
3.0
3.0
3.6
2.9
2.6
3.6
2.6

3.1
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.2
2.8
3.0
2.5
3.5
2.9
2.6
3.1
3.3
2.2
3.3
2.7
2.7
3.0
2.6
3.4
3.3
3.9
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0

Sept.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Machinery, except electrical—Continued
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves ....
Machinery, except electrical, nee
Electrical and electronic equipment
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus ....
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1972
SIC
Code

353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Average hourly <earnings
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

$10.98 $11.07 $11.37 $11.38
12.74
12.68
12.34
12.10
11.44
11.47
11.40
11.22
11.02
11.16
10.46
10.70
10.36
10.38
10.14
10.05
10.15
10.14
10.01
9.92
11.74
11.78
11.51
11.40
11.64
11.67
11.28
11.38
12.03
12.03
12.05
11.72
12.56
12.63
12.35
12.22
10.53
10.58
10.28
10.19
9.47
9.07
9.35
9.06
11.56
11.59
11.31
11.09
10.99
11.66
11.62
11.11
9.71
9.31
9.14
9.71
12.60
12.50
12.09
12.57
10.95
10.64
10.52
10.95
11.55
11.27
11.19
11.43
11.38
11.01
10.79
11.56
10.46
10.85
10.73
10.55
9.66
9.65
9.58
9.40
11.02
11.18
10.79
10.59
10.54
10.58
10.64
10.51
10.82
10.75
11.18
11.13
11.16
11.11
10.76
10.70
10.72
10.75
10.65
10.53
10.70
10.84
10.88
10.83
10.73
10.95
10.96
10.61
12.94
12.87
12.94
13.15
10.30
10.70
10.69
10.43
10.15
9.44
9.30
9.58
10.01
9.93
9.91
10.07
11.77
11.83
7.51
9.58
10.84
9.42
9.19
7.02
9.44
9.80
12.18
11.74
12.36
9.22
11.40
11.19
8.20
10.66
11.05
11.32

10.19
9.47
9.34
9.61
10.08
10.05
10.00
10.04
11.84
11.98
7.48
9.61
10.87
9.41
9.32
7.02
9.58
10.02
12.21
11.76
12.39
9.26
11.39
11.19
8.26
10.81
11.35
11.47

10.41
9.51
9.21
9.80
10.09
10.05
9.95
10.29
11.82
12.18
7.43
9.87
11.14
9.87
9.45
7.34
9.49
9.86
12.45
11.64
12.79
9.68
12.21
11.84
8.54
10.89
11.86
11.36

Average weekly <jarnings
Sept.
1989P

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_

-

_
_
_
_
-

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

$469.94
527.56
477.15
455.82
434.16
409.70
489.06
480.53
512.16
534.01
419.83
381.43
460.24
460.48
381.14
464.26
445.00
478.93
465.05
447.69
389.16
454.31
422.65
445.05
442.98
434.89
446.19
440.32
549.55
426.42

$479.33
549.13
487.34
434.09
440.08
419.42
505.29
495.03
545.87
552.05
431.76
391.82
480.68
472.18
397.54
492.50
460.71
494.75
487.74
451.54
401.40
467.21
447.94
453.36
450.84
445.17
457.03
452.81
546.07
440.15

$480.95
545.24
460.02
462.02
455.68
411.08
504.18
499.48
526.91
550.67
440.13
397.38
480.99
488.04
408.79
480.17
456.62
467.49
494.77
450.66
392.76
462.85
440.13
455.22
454.40
451.50
467.84
454.84
531.26
445.77

$480.24
538.90
473.10
457.33
445.48
426.89
501.30
500.52
520.90
546.36
428.57
403.42
482.05
497.88
408.79
485.10
457.71
480.48
490.48
458.96
393.16
454.02
434.06
463.97
464.26
441.66
453.11
451.14
538.30
439.77

417.79
401.53
396.95
406.50
423.36
421.10
409.00
406.62
486.62
486.39
311.92
385.36
441.32
369.81
383.05
275.18
401.40
417.83
496.95
486.86
500.56
373.18
479.52
446.48
336.18
464.83
493.73
500.09

416.40
391.81
375.77
406.70
417.73
418.08
405.96
405.43
450.34
499.38
294.97
383.94
431.12
389.87
366.66
266.44
371.06
380.60
506.72
500.52
509.04
381.39
503.05
462.94
339.04
438.87
485.07
456.67

423.69
397.31
386.37
409.12
414.51
411.05
402.19
402.11
456.23
486.79
305.18
392.18
443.60
389.46
393.65
275.84
378.58
386.06
519.58
513.26
522.05
389.70
506.30
469.24
350.06
465.04
500.55
496.48

10.41 $10.46 412.09
_
9.62
396.48
_
9.31
391.53
_
9.93
401.40
3.11
416.42
412.10
10.05
9.98
401.36
_
10.18
395.75
11.85
473.15
_
11.99
453.09
_
7.48
307.16
9.78
379.37
430.35
11.09
9.81
359.84
_
9.44
375.87
7.24
267.46
9.56
382.32
9.95
393.96
496.94
12.49
495.43
11.56
496.87
12.89
370.64
9.67
478.80
12.20
448.72
11.79
331.28
8.58
444.52
11.02
467.42
11.75
470.91
11.60

Sept.
1989P

_
_
_

_

$429.91
_

_

_
_

_

_
-

See footnotes at end of table.




123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts ..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

43.0
44.1
44.7
42.5
44.0
40.7
42.5
42.3
42.4
42.8
39.8
40.1
39.5
42.4
43.5
43.6
40.4
38.3

41.6
41.4
41.0
43.0
41.7
37.9
42.6
42.9
42.0
42.6
39.9
41.1
37.9
44.3
42.3
42.4
39.3
39.2

41.6
41.4
40.4
43.2
42.4
39.4
42.8
42.9
42.2
43.0
39.6
39.8
39.1
42.6
42.7
42.5
39.0
37.8

42.7
43.7

3792

41.8
42.2
41.3
42.0
43.0
39.9
41.6
41.2
41.7
42.2
40.5
40.9
39.8
42.4
43.0
42.8
39.5
38.8

4.4
4.8
4.6
3.7
5.2
2.7
4.5
4.1
4.7
4.9
2.8
3.2
2.3
4.4
4.6
4.7
2.7
2.7

5.0
5.6
5.8
4.5
5.7
3.2
4.8
4.7
4.5
5.2
3.3
3.6
2.9
4.4
4.7
4.7
2.8
2.0

4.1
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.8
2.1
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.3
2.9
3.1
2.6
4.8
4.0
4.3
2.3
1.7

4.2
4.1
3.8
4.6
4.5
2.2
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.2
2.4
2.4
2.4
4.5
4.2
4.2
2.2
1.7

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.2
41.3
41.0
39.4
43.4
40.3
42.8
40.5
39.8
41.0
39.8
43.9
40.6

41.6
42.1
41.7
40.1
43.4
41.0
44.2
40.8
40.6
40.8
39.9
43.2
41.6

40.8
41.9
40.6
38.9
41.7
41.4
42.4
39.8
39.8
39.4
39.7
43.4
40.2

40.7
41.2
40.5
39.2
41.9
40.2
42.7
40.1
40.0
39.8
39.6
42.5
39.3

40.8

2.9
2.8
2.6
2.4
3.8
2.0
2.4
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.7

3.2
3.2
3.0
2.4
4.0
2.6
3.8
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.2
4.1
3.7

2.7
2.8
2.4
2.4
3.2
1.9
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.4
2.5
3.7
1.4

2.7
2.7
2.5
2.1
3.2
2.2
2.7
2.9
3.4
2.2
3.3
3.0
1.8

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395

39.0
37.4
36.0
40.0
39.4
38.2
40.4
39.6
36.9
34.9
39.7
39.5

39.3
38.5
37.3
40.3
39.1
38.9
39.2
39.3
38.2
35.8
40.1
40.2

38.6
36.5
35.9
37.8
38.5
37.6
39.1
39.7
37.9
37.6
39.5
39.5

39.3
37.7
37.2
39.1
39.3
38.5
39.9
40.2
39.6
39.6
39.6
39.9

39.6

2.4
1.6
1.0
2.2
2.2
1.7
2.7
2.6
1.8
.9
2.9
2.9

2.7
2.5
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.6
2.1
3.2
3.4

2.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
2.0
1.1
2.5
2.3
2.7
3.2
2.5
2.5

2.6
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.8
1.7
3.5
2.2
3.1
3.6
2.7
3.0

40.2
40.8
40.6
41.9
41.4
39.2
40.8
39.2
41.9
41.1
43.5
41.8
39.9
44.7
47.1
43.1
40.2
39.1
42.9

40.5
40.8
41.4
43.1
41.8
39.8
41.4
40.1
42.8
39.7
43.4
38.6
39.3
45.7
49.0
43.8
40.5
39.4
43.4

40.0
40.9
41.0
41.1
41.6
40.8
41.3
39.7
42.0
40.5
41.5
42.2
37.7
44.3
45.9
43.8
39.5
39.1
40.4

40.2
41.1
40.9
41.5
41.6
40.2
40.5
38.9
41.4
41.4
44.7
42.0
39.8
44.1
47.2
43.0
39.7
39.0
41.5

40.5
41.2

3.8
4.8
4.3
5.4
4.9
3.1
4.2
3.5
4.9
6.4
7.5
7.9
5.4
6.4
7.4
6.1
4.1
4.0
4.3

4.1
5.0
5.0
6.4
5.4
3.6
4.7
4.3
5.4
5.3
7.7
5.8
5.1
7.6
8.7
6.8
4.6
4.5
4.7

3.7
4.8
4.6
5.4
4.8
4.0
4.6
3.6
5.0
5.5
4.7
7.1
4.4
6.0
6.5
6.6
4.3
4.5
3.6

3.8
5.0
4.6
5.5
5.1
3.7
4.3
3.4
4.7
6.3
7.4
7.2
6.2
6.1
8.1
6.3
4.4
4.5
4.1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
See footnotes at end of table.

124




37
371
3711

3713
3714

3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

376
3761
379

396

3961
399
3993
20
201
2011

2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Sept.
1989P

4.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1972
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

Miscellaneous manufacturing
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk

Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1988

July
1989

$13.21 $13.44 $13.61 $13.70 $13.83 $552.18
13.83 14.10 14.07 14.21 14.42 583.63
663.69
16.07 16.14 16.53 16.55
489.30
11.65 12.11 11.81 11.98
559.86
13.02 13.20 13.05 13.13
367.08
9.41
9.19
9.37
9.20
567.01
13.63 13.77 14.27 14.30

$577.92
621.81
721.46
514.68
580.80
374.03
585.23

$566.18
582.50
677.73
507.83
544.19
355.12
607.90

$569.92 $590.54
588.29 630.15
668.62
517.54
556.71
370.75
612.04

$13.87 $13.99 $14.60 $14.57
12.59 12.65 13.00 13.00
10.18 10.32 10.73 10.58
11.49 11.60 11.72 11.51
9.03
8.26
8.55
9.05
12.06 12.24 12.68 12.76
13.20 13.17 13.72 13.77

$578.38
531.30
412.29
469.94
328.75
511.34
567.60

$593.18
541.42
410.74
465.16
337.73
518.98
572.90

$613.20
553.80
428.13
481.69
343.00
561.72
580.36

$614.85
559.00
418.97
458.10
353.07
543.58
587.98

$10.05 $10.13 $10.29 $10.48
9.34
8.58
8.67
8.83

$396.98 $409.25 $404.40 $408.72
332.90 332.06 346.14 353.05

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

9.94
11.19
9.67
9.30
9.33
9.77
10.84
8.97
9.23
8.68
7.60
13.25
7.24

9.99
11.29
9.71
9.24
9.44
9.81
11.04
9.00
9.24
8.71
7.60
13.46
7.34

10.31
11.48
10.05
9.32
9.70
10.34
11.39
9.30
9.43
9.15
7.81
13.63
7.46

10.28
11.43
10.06
9.24
9.71
10.39
11.43
9.34
9.58
9.06
111
13.52
7.34

10.33 409.53
462.15
396.47
366.42
404.92
393.73
463.95
363.29
367.35
355.88
302.48
581.68
293.94

415.58
475.31
404.91
370.52
409.70
402.21
487.97
367.20
375.14
355.37
303.24
581.47
305.34

420.65
481.01
408.03
362.55
404.49
428.08
482.94
370.14
375.31
360.51
310.06
591.54
299.89

418.40
470.92
407.43
362.21
406.85
417.68
488.06
374.53
383.20
360.59
307.69
574.60
288.46

421.46

7.95
8.53
8.62
7.97
7.21
6.96
7.39
7.89
6.77
6.31
8.70
9.03

8.01
8.56
8.62
8.06
7.22
6.96
7.42
7.94
6.85
6.51
8.80
9.20

8.29
9.01
9.06
8.26
7.51
7.39
7.58
8.07
7.03
6.55
9.08
9.36

8.19
8.96
9.00
817
7.53
7.23
7.76
8.03
6.87
6.32
8.97
9.45

8.35 310.05
319.02
310.32
318.80
284.07
265.87
298.56
312.44
249.81
220.22
345.39
356.69

314.79
329.56
321.53
324.82
282.30
270.74
290.86
312.04
261.67
233.06
352.88
369.84

319.99
328.87
325.25
312.23
289.14
277.86
296.38
320.38
266.44
246.28
358.66
369.72

321.87
337.79
334.80
319.45
295.93
278.36
309.62
322.81
272.05
250.27
355.21
377.06

330.66

9.41
9.02
7.56
8.47
8.98
6.31
9.81
9.17
10.25
8.24
10.28
8.41
7.31
11.18
11.06
8.68
10.29
10.21
10.46

9.50
9.11
7.65
8.57
9.03
6.38
9.99
9.32
10.42
8.24
10.27
8.32
7.35
11.20
11.01
8.71
10.37
10.28
10.56

9.77
9.35
7.78
8.73
9.24
6.57
10.20
9.48
10.66
8.66
10.58
8.88
7.67
11.30
10.96
8.80
10.54
10.52
10.59

9.71
9.27
7.75
8.65
9.18
6.59
10.12
9.49
10.54
8.51
10.43
8.66
7.42
11.32
11.22
8.88
10.56
10.53
10.64

9.80 378.28
9.32 368.02
306.94
354.89
371.77
247.35
400.25
359.46
429.48
338.66
447.18
351.54
291.67
499.75
520.93
374.11
413.66
399.21
448.73

384.75
371.69
316.71
369.37
377.45
253.92
413.59
373.73
445.98
327.13
445.72
321.15
288.86
511.84
539.49
381.50
419.99
405.03
458.30

390.80
382.42
318.98
358.80
384.38
268.06
421.26
376.36
447.72
350.73
439.07
374.74
289.16
500.59
503.06
385.44
416.33
411.33
427.84

390.34
381.00
316.98
358.98
381.89
264.92
409.86
369.16
436.36
352.31
466.22
363.72
295.32
499.21
529.58
381.84
419.23
410.67
441.56

396.90
383.98

See footnotes at end of table.




125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Average overtime hours
Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

3.6
5.3
3.0
5.2
4.2
5.7
4.3
4.4

4.4
6.0
3.9
5.9
4.0
5.6
2.8
4.0

3.7
5.9
3.0
5.4
4.8
7.2
4.5
4.6

4.5
6.2
4.1
5.9
4.2
6.1
3.5
4.7

209

40.8
41.5
40.0
42.0
41.0
43.0
41.3
38.5

40.9
41.0
40.3
43.0
40.3
42.6
38.8
37.7

41.0
44.2
39.6
43.2
42.3
44.8
42.1
38.9

41.6
43.9
40.5
43.6
41.4
43.0
41.1
39.5

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

40.1
41.3

41.2
41.3

37.9
38.2

37.3
37.8

39.6

2.6
2.9

2.6
2.7

1.3
1.3

1.3
1.2

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257

41.3
41.1
42.4
42.4
41.1
40.1
38.6
39.6
40.0
39.6
41.0
42.2
43.1
41.8
43.4
40.5
41.1
37.8
42.2

41.4
41.4
42.4
42.7
42.5
39.8
38.1
38.8
40.1
39.7
40.8
42.6
43.5
42.9
44.0
40.6
41.1
38.1
42.5

40.6
41.5
40.7
41.4
40.5
39.7
36.5
39.8
40.2
38.7
41.8
41.5
42.6
40.0
40.7
40.1
40.4
37.7
41.5

41.3
42.3
41.3
41.0
41.3
40.2
38.4
40.1
39.5
40.4
42.4
41.9
42.7
41.0
43.3
40.9
41.5
37.2
42.0

41.1

4.1
4.2
4.8
4.0
3.9
3.3
2.7
2.8
3.2
2.6
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.5
4.8
4.1
4.4
2.4
4.3

4.3
4.6
4.7
3.5
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.6
4.4
2.2
4.6
5.2
5.2
5.5
5.0
4.1
4.3
2.9
4.8

4.0
5.0
3.9
3.3
2.9
3.7
2.3
3.6
3.9
2.0
5.1
4.4
4.8
3.8
4.0
3.8
4.0
2.4
3.8

4.3
5.1
4.2
2.9
3.5
3.9
2.4
3.8
4.2
2.4
5.2
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.8
4.2
4.5
2.3
4.1

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232

37.1
36.9
36.6
37.2
36.4
34.9
35.5
35.9
35.1
36.2
35.4
37.8
38.5
34.4
37.1
36.8
38.8
39.7
37.5
40.2
43.1

36.7
36.4
37.2
37.8
36.8
37.0
35.2
35.2
34.5
36.7
35.1
36.9
37.6
33.3
37.3
36.7
38.2
38.1
35.0
39.4
37.8

37.1
34.8
37.4
38.3
35.6
36.6
35.5
35.2
34.8
36.8
35.5
37.5
38.1
34.3
37.0
36.0
38.1
39.5
37.1
40.1
40.5

37.1

2392
2396

37.0
36.4
36.5
37.0
36.6
35.2
35.8
36.1
35.3
36.9
35.6
38.5
39.4
33.9
36.7
35.7
38.2
39.1
37.0
39.2
41.5

1.8
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.2
1.5
2.4
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.1
1.7
1.4
2.3
2.8
1.2
2.7
5.6

1.9
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.6
2.2
1.5
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.5
3.4
1.5
3.7
6.1

1.6
.9
1.5
1.3
1.7
1.5
1.3
.8
1.4
2.1
1.3
1.2
1.3
.5
1.9
1.7
1.7
2.2
2.1
2.7
1.9

1.9
1.1
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.9
1.6
1.1
1.7
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.6
.7
1.9
1.5
2.1
2.9
1.7
3.3
3.9

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

42.9
44.6
44.6
43.6
41.5
43.0
41.0
41.8
42.6
42.6
43.2
42.1

43.7
45.8
45.9
44.4
42.1
43.7
41.3
42.3
43.4
42.9
44.2
43.0

42.9
44.6
44.9
44.7
41.5
43.5
39.6
41.8
42.4
41.6
43.2
43.0

43.1
44.6
45.0
44.9
41.7
43.5
41.3
41.4
42.9
42.6
43.6
42.5

43.7

4.9
5.8
5.8
7.2
3.9
3.8
3.3
4.5
4.6
4.2
5.1
4.3

5.6
6.7
6.8
7.4
4.7
4.8
3.8
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.8
4.6

5.2
6.3
6.5
7.6
3.9
4.0
2.4
4.4
4.8
4.5
5.2
5.4

5.0
6.0
6.2
7.3
3.9
3.7
3.2
4.4
4.7
4.5
5.2
4.7

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
See footnotes at end of table.

126




206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086

226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229

2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391

Sept.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1972
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

$387.19
475.18
330.80
401.10
501.02
727.99
403.91
323.79

$389.37
464.53
336.91
408.07
496.90
731.87
377.14
325.73

$410.41
514.05
352.44
432.43
546.94
809.09
434.05
340.76

$416.00

580.51
718.62

619.29
702.88

582.25
700.81

$562.72

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

$9.49
11.45
8.27
9.55
12.22
16.93
9.78
8.41

$9.52 $10.01 $10.00
11.33 11.63 11.79
8.36
8.90
8.90
9.49 10.01 10.06
12.93
12.83
12.33
17.18 18.06 18.00
10.31
10.26
9.72
8.64
8.76
8.72

Tobacco manufactures
Cigarettes

21
211

14.97
17.39

14.09
17.40

16.34
18.40

Textile mill products
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

7.37
7.66
7.92
8.02
6.84
6.68
6.57
6.44
6.42
6.49
7.45
7.83
7.88
8.12
7.76
7.05
7.01
7.32
8.35

7.43
7.73
8.02
8.03
6.86
6.69
6.64
6.48
6.37
6.51
7.47
7.86
7.85
8.14
7.77
7.14
7.12
7.34
8.46

7.66
8.06
8.27
8.44
7.11
6.91
6.80
6.73
6.55
6.87
7.73
8.03
8.07
8.35
8.05
7.36
7.36
7.46
8.56

7.70
8.04
8.34
8.52
7.15
7.01
6.76
6.77
6.75
6.93
7.75
8.07
8.06
8.46
7.93
7.42
7.42
7.52
8.65

7.76 304.38
314.83
335.81
340.05
281.12
267.87
253.60
255.02
256.80
257.00
305.45
330.43
339.63
339.42
336.78
285.53
288.11
276.70
352.37

307.60
320.02
340.05
342.88
291.55
266.26
252.98
251.42
255.44
258.45
304.78
334.84
341.48
349.21
341.88
289.88
292.63
279.65
359.55

311.00
334.49
336.59
349.42
287.96
274.33
248.20
267.85
263.31
265.87
323.11
333.25
343.78
334.00
327.64
295.14
297.34
281.24
355.24

318.01
340.09
344.44
349.32
295.30
281.80
259.58
271.48
266.63
279.97
328.60
338.13
344.16
346.86
343.37
303.48
307.93
279.74
363.30

318.94

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

6.09
6.74
5.58
5.40
5.46
5.61
5.89
5.11
6.27
6.52
5.78
5.65
5.55
6.27
5.47
5.49
6.01
7.26
5.99
6.24
11.04

6.21
6.84
5.66
5.54
5.46
5.68
5.96
5.18
6.37
6.64
5.83
5.71
5.58
6.46
5.58
5.57
6.03
7.52
6.04
6.35
11.57

6.28
7.13
5.77
5.58
5.62
5.78
6.07
5.25
6.59
6.56
5.96
5.92
5.80
6.64
5.65
5.67
6.05
7.40
6.34
6.48
11.07

6.32
7.08
5.81
5.70
5.56
5.73
6.10
5.30
6.56
6.52
5.99
5.89
5.79
6.47
5.68
5.64
6.21
7.50
6.31
6.48
11.43

6.40 225.33
245.34
203.67
199.80
199.84
197.47
210.86
184.47
221.33
240.59
205.77
217.53
218.67
212.55
200.75
195.99
229.58
283.87
221.63
244.61
458.16

230.39
252.40
207.16
206.09
198.74
198.23
211.58
185.96
223.59
240.37
206.38
215.84
214.83
222.22
207.02
204.98
233.96
298.54
226.50
255.27
498.67

230.48
259.53
214.64
210.92
206.82
213.86
213.66
184.80
227.36
240.75
209.20
218.45
218.08
221.11
210.75
208.09
231.11
281.94
221.90
255.31
418.45

234.47
246.38
217.29
218.31
197.94
209.72
216.55
186.56
228.29
239.94
212.65
220.88
220.60
221.92
210.16
203.04
236.60
296.25
234.10
259.85
462.92

237.44

Paper and allied products
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

11.65
14.31
14.34
14.48
10.08
11.23
9.57
9.39
9.99
10.28
10.21
9.65

11.72
14.49
14.50
14.53
10.10
11.40
9.66
9.41
10.08
10.42
10.27
9.81

12.04
14.88
14.91
14.82
10.47
11.59
9.85
9.73
10.20
10.64
10.39
9.86

11.92
14.66
14.68
14.77
10.42
11.54
9.79
9.72
10.14
10.55
10.34
9.92

12.01 499.79
638.23
639.56
631.33
418.32
482.89
392.37
392.50
425.57
437.93
441.07
406.27

512.16
663.64
665.55
645.13
425.21
498.18
398.96
398.04
437.47
447.02
453.93
421.83

516.52
663.65
669.46
662.45
434.51
504.17
390.06
406.71
432.48
442.62
448.85
423.98

513.75
653.84
660.60
663.17
434.51
501.99
404.33
402.41
435.01
449.43
450.82
421.60

524.84

Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

15.61 $14.21 600.30
18.54
718.21

517.58
360.45

438.62
531.16
774.00
421.69
344.44

See footnotes at end of table.




127

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275

2751
2752
276
278
279

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Average overtime hours
Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

38.1
33.5
38.3
39.6
38.1
41.9
36.3
39.6
39.6
39.4
41.7
38.9
39.0

38.5
33.6
39.3
39.0
37.8
40.7
36.3
40.2
39.9
40.2
40.8
39.8
38.9

37.4
33.1
37.1
38.7
38.0
39.7
36.3
38.6
38.6
38.6
41.3
37.8
38.6

37.8
33.1
37.7
39.0
38.0
40.4
36.3
39.3
39.1
39.3
40.9
37.8
39.4

38.3

3.2
1.4
3.3
3.7
2.4
5.7
2.0
3.7
3.4
3.8
4.4
3.3
4.7

3.6
1.6
4.3
3.8
2.4
5.9
2.6
4.3
3.8
4.4
3.8
4.0
5.1

2.7
1.2
2.3
2.8
2.2
3.7
1.9
3.1
2.8
3.2
4.0
2.8
3.9

3.0
1.3
2.8
3.0
2.1
4.4
1.8
3.6
3.0
3.8
3.8
3.0
4.4

42.3
42.8
43.0
43.7
43.9
43.6
40.9
40.5
40.4
44.2
40.7
38.4
41.8
44.4
42.4
45.0
43.0
42.1

42.2
43.0
42.5
43.4
43.6
43.6
40.7
40.3
39.4
42.2
40.6
37.2
41.4
44.8
43.5
45.1
43.3
42.4

42.0
42.8
42.2
42.6
43.0
42.5
41.0
40.7
40.1
42.9
41.0
38.1
41.6
43.6
43.0
43.8
42.5
42.4

42.7

4.0
4.2
4.3
4.7
5.2
4.3
2.9
2.9
3.4
4.9
3.0
2.8
3.7
4.9
4.7
5.0
4.6
3.8

4.3
4.4
4.5
5.1
5.3
5.0
3.1
3.2
3.7
5.5
3.1
3.0
3.9
5.7
5.3
5.8
5.0
4.0

4.3
4.4
4.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
3.2
3.1
2.8
5.1
3.0
1.5
3.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
4.7
4.0

4.2
4.5
4.3
4.8
5.2
4.4
3.6
3.5
3.0
4.9
3.0
2.0
4.1
5.5
5.7
5.4
4.4
4.0

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee .
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

2861,9
287
289

41.9
42.5
42.7
43.0
43.6
42.9
40.3
40.2
40.3
43.3
40.8
38.5
41.5
43.3
41.4
43.8
42.5
42.0

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

44.6
44.3
47.1

44.8
44.6
46.5

44.3
44.2
46.2

43.7
42.9
47.6

44.1

5.7
5.1
8.7

5.9
5.3
8.6

5.7
5.0
8.9

5.7
4.8
9.9

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

41.3
45.1
40.0

41.7
44.7
40.2

40.8
42.7
42.0

41.1
42.6
40.0

41.5

4.2
7.0
2.6

4.4
6.4
2.2

3.8
5.2
2.6

3.9
5.5
2.9

303,4
306
307

44.5
41.0
40.8

43.9
41.5
41.3

41.7
40.1
40.6

42.2
40.8
40.9

4.7
3.4
4.0

4.1
3.8
4.4

3.9
3.0
3.8

3.9
3.4
3.8

31

37.7
41.2
37.3
37.3
37.1
39.8
36.5

37.5
40.5
37.1
38.0
35.6
38.7
36.7

37.8
40.1
37.6
37.6
37.8
39.4
36.3

38.5
42.1
37.7
37.8
37.7
40.2
37.9

38.3

2.1
3.8
1.9
1.1
2.8
3.6
1.7

2.2
3.5
1.9
1.5
2.2
3.8
2.2

1.9
4.3
1.5
1.0
2.2
3.2
1.5

1.9
4.9
1.5
.9
2.1
2.5
2.1

39.7

39.5

39.8

39.3

39.4

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

311

314
3143
3144

316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

45.1

45.3

44.1

44.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

36.7
39.3
40.9

34.4
38.4
40.4

36.5
39.0
40.0

36.0
39.0
40.2

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

38.6
38.6
39.3

38.5
38.5
38.7

38.6
38.6
39.1

38.8
38.8
39.3

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

40.0

42.8

41.2

39.9

See footnotes at end of table.

128




Sept.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

1972
SIC
Code

27
271

272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

$10.54 $10.70 $10.83 $10.90 $11.04 $401.57
10.85
10.63
10.46
350.41
10.80
11.43 11.62
11.24
11.13
426.28
9.64
377.39
9.64
9.73
9.53
9.24
347.47
9.12
9.44
9.12
423.19
10.12 10.23 10.40
10.10
361.19
9.99
9.95 10.05 10.21
427.28
10.79 10.97 11.07 11.21
405.90
10.25 10.42 10.63 10.76
432.61
10.98 11.17 11.23 11.37
462.45
11.09 11.02 11.43 11.38
327.93
8.70
8.63
8.49
8.43
505.44
12.96 13.14 13.40 13.42

Sept.
1988

July
1989

$411.95
357.17
441.73
379.47
356.83
411.88
364.82
440.99
415.76
449.03
449.62
337.90
511.15

$405.04
359.14
424.05
373.07
351.12
406.13
370.62
427.30
410.32
433.48
472.06
326.21
517.24

$412.02 $422.83
357.48
438.07
375.96
346.56
420.16
362.64
440.55
420.72
446.84
465.44
328.86
528.75

1989P

Sept.
1989 P

12.75
14.03
14.12
13.16
14.07
12.45
12.13
11.92
10.99
14.73
10.30
9.13
11.34
15.22
14.80
15.33
12.59
11.59

13.12
14.22
14.28
13.43
14.27
12.80
12.44
12.38
11.33
15.18
10.32
9.42
11.61
15.85
15.72
15.88
12.73
11.95

13.09
14.28
14.40
13.38
14.22
12.72
12.54
12.51
11.24
15.23
10.28
9.26
11.70
15.61
15.62
15.61
12.98
11.96

13.15 528.78
594.58
600.36
559.43
603.86
527.67
484.41
472.75
439.27
626.55
421.87
349.20
461.90
651.23
607.75
663.13
526.58
484.68

539.33
600.48
607.16
575.09
617.67
542.82
496.12
482.76
444.00
651.07
419.21
350.59
474.01
675.77
627.52
689.85
541.37
487.94

553.66
611.46
606.90
582.86
622.17
558.08
506.31
498.91
446.40
640.60
418.99
350.42
480.65
710.08
683.82
716.19
551.21
506.68

549.78
611.18
607.68
569.99
611.46
540.60
514.14
509.16
450.72
653.37
421.48
352.81
486.72
680.60
671.66
683.72
551.65
507.10

561.51

2861,9
287
289

12.62
13.99
14.06
13.01
13.85
12.30
12.02
11.76
10.90
14.47
10.34
9.07
11.13
15.04
14.68
15.14
12.39
11.54

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

14.84
16.11
11.58

15.01
16.27
11.84

15.34
16.56
12.27

15.25
16.46
12.46

15.45 661.86

672.45
725.64
550.56

679.56
731.95
566.87

666.43
706.13
593.10

681.35

713.67
545.42

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

30
301
302

9.17

9.22
14.39
6.37

9.45
14.99
6.51

9.44
15.03
6.55

9.51 378.72
650.34
254.80

384.47
643.23
256.07

385.56
640.07
273.42

387.98
640.28
262.00

394.67

14.42
6.37

303,4
306
307

9.26
8.74
8.55

9.22
8.78
8.64

9.58
8.94
8.79

9.63
8.94
8.77

412.07
358.34
348.84

404.76
364.37
356.83

399.49
358.49
356.87

406.39
364.75
358.69

31
311
314
3143

6.22
8.35
5.94
6.26
5.69
6.27
5.84

6.30
8.44
6.02
6.37
5.77
6.32
5.91

6.54
8.74
6.21
6.68
5.86
6.56
6.12

6.54
8.81
6.24
6.66
5.96
6.49
5.98

6.60 234.49
344.02
221.56
233.50
211.10
249.55
213.16

236.25
341.82
223.34
242.06
205.41
244.58
216.90

247.21
350.47
233.50
251.17
221.51
258.46
222.16

251.79
370.90
235.25
251.75
224.69
260.90
226.64

252.78

12.35

12.40

12.58

12.50

12.67 490.30

489.80

500.68

491.25

499.20

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865

3144
316

317

Transportation and public utilities
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads3

4011

14.87

15.03

15.45

15.35

670.64

680.86

681.35

675.40

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

41
411
413

8.62
9.15
11.23

8.57
9.12

9.07

11.36

9.04
9.72
11.57

9.66
11.73

316.35
359.60
459.31

294.81
350.21
458.94

329.96
379.08
462.80

326.52
376.74
471.55

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

42
421,3
422

10.93
11.09
8.83

11.03
11.20
8.80

11.30
11.45
9.27

11.38

11.55
9.14

421.90
428.07
347.02

424.66
431.20
340.56

436.18
441.97
362.46

441.54
448.14
359.20

Pipe lines, except natural gas

46

15.42

15.66

15.94

15.76

616.80

670.25

656.73

628.82

See footnotes at end of table.




129

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

48
481
483

40.2
41.9
35.5

40.1
41.8
35.8

40.2
42.0
35.6

39.2
40.9
35.1

49

41.4
41.7
40.6
41.4
42.3

41.6
41.6
41.4
41.7
42.4

41.9
42.4
41.2
41.8
42.2

41.7
41.9
41.5
41.6
42.4

38.0

38.1

38.3

38.1

491

492
493

495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509

38.5
37.9
37.3
39.6
36.1
40.0
37.8
38.6
38.8
38.1

38.6
38.0
37.5
39.7
36.3
40.7
38.0
38.8
38.9
38.4

38.7
37.6
37.3
39.8
35.6
39.9
38.4
39.2
39.1
37.9

38.5
37.4
37.2
39.8
35.6
40.1
38.0
38.8
39.0
38.1

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

51

37.3
36.9
37.2
36.4
38.0
40.0
38.1
36.5
36.5

37.4
37.0
37.2
36.9
38.0
40.1
38.2
36.4
36.4

37.7
37.2
37.5
36.1
38.3
40.0
38.8
36.6
36.9

37.4
37.4
37.7
36.6
37.9
39.8
38.2
36.5
36.6

29.8

29.1

29.9

29.6

511
512
513

514
516
517
518

519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

37.0
38.7
33.6

36.8
38.7
32.8

37.1
38.9
33.4

37.0
38.9
33.1

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

28.3
27.9
29.8
30.5

27.8
27.5
28.8
29.8

28.6
28.4
28.6
30.2

28.1
27.9
28.8
29.7

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

31.1
31.2
29.6

30.3
30.4
29.3

31.1
31.3
29.9

30.7
30.9
29.8

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

36.6
37.2
38.8
34.6

36.3
37.0
38.7
34.2

36.7
37.2
38.7
34.8

36.6
37.1
38.9
34.5

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

27.9
29.5
26.2
27.8
29.6

26.9
28.6
25.2
26.9
28.7

27.8
29.4
25.7
27.8
29.9

27.7
28.9
25.5
27.5
30.1

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

33.2
33.8
33.8
32.0

32.9
33.5
33.0
31.7

33.5
33.9
33.7
32.8

33.3
33.9
33.3
32.4

Eating and drinking places4

58

26.7

25.6

26.6

26.3

See footnotes at end of table.

130




Average overtime hours
Sept.
1989P

38.1

28.8

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Communication
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services

Sanitary services

1972
SIC
Code

48
481
483

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

509
51

511
512
513
514
516

517
518
519

Retail trade

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

$12.91 $12.93 $13.05 $12.95
13.65 13.66 13.71 13.68
11.41 11.52 12.01 12.15

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

$518.98 $518.49 $524.61 $507.64
571.94 570.99 575.82 559.51
405.06 412.42 427.56 426.47

14.19
14.42
13.15
16.63
11.02

14.37
14.50
13.36
17.03
11.15

14.82
15.13
13.82
17.37
11.21

14.65
15.02
13.53
17.18
11.17

587.47
601.31
533.89
688.48
466.15

597.79
603.20
553.10
710.15
472.76

620.96
641.51
569.38
726.07
473.06

610.91
629.34
561.50
714.69
473.61

9.91

10.04

10.40

10.35 $10.44 376.58

382.52

398.32

394.34

10.12
9.19
9.34
9.66
9.56
10.52
10.57
9.42
10.83
7.99

10.26
9.32
9.46
9.77
9.60

10.65
9.69
9.80
10.08
9.86
10.96
11.04
10.10

10.60
9.71
9.79
10.06
9.87
10.88
10.90
9.98

11.40
8.40

11.37
8.34

389.62
348.30
348.38
382.54
345.12
420.80
399.55
363.61
420.20
304.42

396.04
354.16
354.75
387.87
348.48
430.61
406.98
370.15
427.51
308.74

412.16
364.34
365.54
401.18
351.02
437.30
423.94
395.92
445.74
318.36

408.10
363.15
364.19
400.39
351.37
436.29
414.20
387.22
443.43
317.75

10.58

10.71
9.54
10.99
8.04

9.60
10.34
10.92
9.36
9.74
12.12
9.62
11.19
7.90

9.72
10.64
11.13
9.46
9.89
12.27
9.73
11.19
7.98

10.04
10.94
11.45
9.87
10.19
12.49
9.89
11.68
8.23

9.98
10.87
11.34
9.81
10.12
12.46
9.82
11.71
8.25

358.08
381.55
406.22
340.70
370.12
484.80
366.52
408.44
288.35

363.53
393.68
414.04
349.07
375.82
492.03
371.69
407.32
290.47

378.51
406.97
429.38
356.31
390.28
499.60
383.73
427.49
303.69

373.25
406.54
427.52
359.05
383.55
495.91
375.12
427.42
301.95

6.26

6.38

6.49

6.49

6.61 186.55

185.66

194.05

192.10

Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

52
521
525

7.39
7.74
6.18

7.52
7.86
6.29

7.68
8.04
6.40

7.68
8.03
6.41

273.43
299.54
207.65

276.74
304.18
206.31

284.93
312.76
213.76

284.16
312.37
212.17

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

53
531
533
539

6.52
6.83
4.95
5.25

6.62
6.93
5.03
5.39

6.71
6.98
5.29
5.58

6.72
6.99
5.28
5.58

184.52
190.56
147.51
160.13

184.04
190.58
144.86
160.62

191.91
198.23
151.29
168.52

188.83
195.02
152.06
165.73

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

6.91
7.01
5.99

7.04
7.14
6.06

7.04
7.13
6.03

7.06
7.16
6.05

214.90
218.71
177.30

213.31
217.06
177.56

218.94
223.17
180.30

216.74
221.24
180.29

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

55
551,2
553
554

8.29
10.22

8.66

7.01
5.75

8.38
10.26
7.12
5.82

5.94

8.63
10.63
7.57
5.92

303.41
380.18
271.99
198.95

304.19
379.62
275.54
199.04

317.82
396.92
293.35
206.71

315.86
394.37
294.47
204.24

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores

56
561
562
565
566

5.70
6.83
5.40
5.53
5.87

5.83
6.99
5.53
5.69
5.99

5.95
7.34
5.58
5.91
5.99

5.95
7.32
5.62
5.89
5.95

159.03
201.49
141.48
153.73
173.75

156.83
199.91
139.36
153.06
171.91

165.41
215.80
143.41
164.30
179.10

164.82
211.55
143.31
161.98
179.10

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

57
571
572
573

7.85
7.99
7.80
7.61

7.92
8.07
7.85
7.64

8.23
8.18
8.55
8.22

8.19
8.16
8.49
8.17

260.62
270.06
263.64
243.52

260.57
270.35
259.05
242.19

275.71
277.30
288.14
269.62

272.73
276.62
282.72
264.71

Eating and drinking places4

58

4.56

4.62

4.72

4.73

121.75

118.27

125.55

124.40

Shoe stores

10.67
7.58

Sept.
1989P

$397.76

190.37

See footnotes at end of table.




131

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591

594
596
598
599

Finance, insurance, and real estate5

Average weekly hours
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

30.4
28.1
29.7
32.4
38.3
31.4

29.8
27.3
28.7
32.5
38.3
31.3

30.4
28.1
29.6
32.7
38.0
31.5

30.3
28.1
29.4
33.1
37.8
31.8

35.7

35.8

36.3

35.8

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

35.5
35.5

35.7
35.7

36.3
36.3

35.6
35.6

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612

614

36.2
35.8
36.1

36.2
35.7
36.2

36.9
36.3
36.7

36.5
36.0
36.4

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

36.9
36.5
37.6
36.6

37.1
36.8
38.0
36.8

37.4
37.4
37.8
37.1

37.1
37.1
37.7
36.9

32.8

32.5

33.1

32.9

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

32.2

31.3

32.2

31.9

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

34.2
29.9

34.1
30.1

34.3
29.6

34.1
29.6

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

33.9
36.6
29.5
37.8

33.4
36.8
29.4
37.8

33.7
37.1
29.8
37.9

34.0
36.7
29.8
37.9

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

36.8
38.0

36.7
38.2

37.2
38.3

37.2
38.4

76

38.5

38.1

38.1

38.0

78
781

29.0
36.4

28.0
35.8

30.7
37.1

29.4
34.8

79

30.1

27.9

30.5

30.0

80
801
802
805
806

32.4
31.3
28.2
31.5
34.1

32.4
31.2
28.4
31.7
34.0

32.9
31.8
28.5
32.8
34.3

32.5
31.5
28.4
31.8
34.1

81

34.4

34.5

35.4

35.0

89

37.8
39.2
36.1

38.0
39.3
36.4

37.8
39.1
36.0

37.8
39.0
36.1

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
See footnotes at end of table.

132




891

893

Average overtime hours
Sept.
1989P

35.7

32.6

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Miscellaneous retail
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1972
SIC
Code

59
591
594
596
598
599

Finance, Insurance, and real estate5

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Sept.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

July
1989

$198.82
174.78
180.58
243.00
348.53
211.32

$197.87
173.08
178.51
242.78
349.68
212.84

$206.11
182.65
187.07
255.06
351.12
220.50

$204.83
179.84
186.10
256.53
347.38
222.92

Aug.
1989P

$6.54
6.22
6.08
7.50
9.10
6.73

$6.64
6.34
6.22
7.47
9.13
6.80

$6.78
6.50
6.32
7.80
9.24
7.00

$6.76
6.40
6.33
7.75
9.19
7.01

9.03

9.14

9.59

9.49

$9.60 322.37

327.21

348.12

339.74

Banking
Commercial and stock savings banks

60
602

7.84
7.52

7.87
7.55

8.30
7.89

8.21
7.79

278.32
266.96

280.96
269.54

301.29
286.41

292.28
277.32

Credit agencies other than banks
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

61
612
614

8.27
7.73
7.80

8.36
7.86
7.81

8.70
8.14
8.20

8.62
8.02
8.14

299.37
276.73
281.58

302.63
280.60
282.72

321.03
295.48
300.94

314.63
288.72
296.30

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
633

10.23
9.71
9.81
10.77

10.29
9.76
9.90
10.83

10.69
9.94
10.40
11.42

10.65
9.93
10.27
11.43

377.49
354.42
368.86
394.18

381.76
359.17
376.20
398.54

399.81
371.76
393.12
423.68

395.12
368.40
387.18
421.77

8.81

9.00

9.33

9.29

9.48 288.97

292.50

308.82

305.64

Services
Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts4

701

6.23

6.45

6.53

6.49

200.61

201.89

210.27

207.03

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops4

721
723

6.35
6.79

6.34
6.80

6.62
6.94

6.63
7.02

217.17
203.02

216.19
204.68

227.07
205.42

226.08
207.79

Business services
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

73
731
734
737

9.09
12.39
6.90
13.10

9.18
12.52
6.89
13.22

9.69
13.30
7.24
14.22

9.57
12.98
7.16
14.17

308.15
453.47
203.55
495.18

306.61
460.74
202.57
499.72

326.55
493.43
215.75
538.94

325.38
476.37
213.37
537.04

Auto repair, services, and garages

75
753

8.19
8.92

8.25
8.98

8.40
9.28

8.46
9.34

301.39
338.96

302.78
343.04

312.48
355.42

314.71
358.66

76

9.55

9.63

9.90

9.88

367.68

366.90

377.19

375.44

78
781

10.86
15.13

11.63
15.40

11.13
15.08

11.69
15.68

314.94
550.73

325.64
551.32

341.69
559.47

343.69
545.66

79

6.62

7.42

7.07

7.01

199.26

207.02

215.64

210.30

80
801
802
805
806

9.25
8.79
8.95
6.39
10.54

9.37
8.91
8.95
6.47
10.69

9.85
9.33
9.45
6.80
11.25

9.86
9.29
9.42
6.81
11.26

299.70
275.13
252.39
201.29
359.41

303.59
277.99
254.18
205.10
363.46

324.07
296.69
269.33
223.04
385.88

320.45
292.64
267.53
216.56
383.97

81

12.70

12.77

13.66

13.32

436.88

440.57

483.56

466.20

89
891
893

12.57
13.21
11.07

12.74
13.47
11.13

13.42
14.05
11.88

13.19
13.83
11.61

475.15
517.83
399.63

484.12
529.37
405.13

507.28
549.36
427.68

498.58
539.37
419.12

Automotive repair shops
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services ..
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Legal services
Miscellaneous services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
See table C-2a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.
3
Data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of
$50,000,000 or more.
4
Money payments only; tips, not included.




Sept.
1989P

$342.72

309.05

5
Data for nonoffice sales agents are excluded from all series in this
division.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

133

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

ing agreement using lump-sum payments, were published in the
June 1988 issue of Employment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table C-2a along with the average hourly
earnings series produced as part of the Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation of the methodology used to derive
these series appears in the Explanatory Notes of this publication.
Lump-sum payments are but one of several recent changes in the
way that employees are compensated. The changes are widespread
and they differ by industry. Because of these developments, the
Bureau is conducting a broad-based review of all concepts and definitions used in its earnings and wage programs to determine the
proper treatment of lump-sum payments and other new compensation practices.

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics' average hourly earnings series for production workers in aircraft manufacturing (sic 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles manufacturing (sic 3761) have
been used to escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's series by definition take account of traditional wage rate changes, they do not capture
"lump-sum payments to workers in lieu of general wage increases"
which were negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace industry, BLS
has calculated average hourly earnings series for sic 3721 and sic
3761 which include lump-sum payments. These series, beginning
in October 1983, the effective date of the first aerospace bargain-

C-2a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

July
1988

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

July
1988

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$14.09

$14.20

$14.86

$14.92

$13.56

$13.63

$14.17

$14.23

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

14.54

14.69

15.31

15.37

13.84

14.06

14.64

14.65

= preliminary.

134




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-3. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

$9.67

$9.75

$10.02

$9.97

$10.04

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ...
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.16
8.19
7.75
9.84
11.36
9.74

10.25
8.30
7.77
9.91
11.47
9.82
10.51
9.77
12.71
9.62
7.75

10.52

10.49
8.53
8.00
10.11

10.57

8.54
8.01
10.12

11.71
10.09

10.05

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

8.98
8.52
14.50
7.02

Manufacturing

Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




10.45
9.77
12.55
9.61
7.72

5.94
11.02
10.12
12.04
13.94
8.73

6.05

9.05
8.58

13.67
7.06
6.05
11.01
10.22
12.13

14.09
8.75
6.12

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

Industry

11.65

8.06

10.82
10.03
13.04
9.94
7.93

9.34
8.82

9.27
8.73

16.06
7.30

15.34
7.33
6.16
11.27

10.83
10.05
12.97

9.98

6.15
11.36
10.46
12.49
14.42
9.03
6.38

$9.33

10.48
12.46
14.31
9.01
6.38

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are
subject to revision.

135

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-4. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workerson private
nonagricultural payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1977) dollars.
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
INDUSTRY

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

$9.24
4.78

$9.40
4.83

$9.63
4.76

$9.60
4.75

$9.76

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.69
6.56

12.82
6.59

12.95
6.40

13.04
6.45

$13.19

532.98
275.73

541.00
278.01

550.38
272.06

558.11
275.88

$567.17

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.99
6.72

13.16
6.76

13.33
6.59

13.33
6.59

$13.48

501.41
259.39

505.34
259.68

518.54
256.32

518.54
256.32

$520.33

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

10.13
5.24

10.25
5.27

10.47
5.18

10.44
5.16

$10.54

414.32
214.34

423.33
217.54

424.04
209.61

425.95
210.55

$433.19

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

12.35
6.39

12.40
6.37

12.58
6.22

12.50
6.18

$12.67

490.30
253.65

489.80
251.70

500.68
247.49

491.25
242.83

$499.20

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.91
5.13

10.04
5.16

10.40
5.14

10.35
5.12

$10.44

376.58
194.82

382.52
196.57

398.32
196.90

394.34
194.93

$397.76

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

6.26
3.24

6.38
3.28

6.49
3.21

6.49
3.21

$6.61

186.55
96.51

185.66
95.40

194.05
95.92

192.10
94.96

$190.37

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

9.03
4.67

9.14
4.70

9.59
4.74

9.49
4.69

$9.60

322.37
166.77

327.21
168.14

348.12
172.08

339.74
167.94

$342.72

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars

8.81
4.56

9.00
4.62

9.33
4.61

9.29
4.59

$9.48

288.97
149.49

292.50
150.31

308.82
152.65

305.64
151.08

$309.05

136




Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

July
1989

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989P

Sept.
1989P

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1988

$323.40 $327.12 $338.01 $335.04 $338.67
167.30 168.10 167.08 165.62

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1988 forward are subject to
revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-5. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1988

1989

Industry
Sept.

Total private

Oct.

Nov.

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.p

Sept.1

34.7

34.8

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.6

34.7

34.9

34.6

34.6

34.8

34.6

34.6

41.1
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.1
39.6
42.3
43.9
44.5
42.0
42.7
40.9
43.0
44.1
41.6
39.2

41.2
4.0
41.9
4.2
40.7
39.4
42.5
43.7
44.2
41.9
42.7
41.0
43.1
43.9
41.8
39.1

41.2
3.9
41.9
4.2
40.3
39.5
42.6
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.5
41.0
43.1
44.1
41.6
39.3

41.0
3.9
41.7
4.1
40.3
39.4
42.4
43.5
43.8
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.8
43.7
41.1
39.0

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
40.3
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.0
41.9
42.5
40.9
42.8
43.6
41.5
39.4

41.1
3.9
41.8
4.1
39.6
39.7
42.2
43.4
43.8
41.9
42.6
40.9
43.1
43.9
41.5
39.5

41.0
4.0
41.7
4.1
40.0
39.8
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.6
43.1
43.9
41.1
39.5

41.3
3.9
41.9
4.1
40.5
39.9
42.5
43.3
43.5
41.9
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41.5
39.8

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
39.6

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
39.8
39.4
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.7
41.3
39.4

41.0
3.9
41.5
4.0
39.6
39.5
42.3
43.0
43.2
41.5
42.4
40.6
42.6
42.6
41.4
39.3

40.9
3.7
41.5
3.9
40.2
39.6
42.5
42.9
43.4
41.4
42.2
40.9
42.5
42.8
41.0
39.5

41.0
3.8
41.5
3.9
40.0
39.6
42.3
42.5
42.3
41.4
42.2
41.1
42.7
43.7
40.8
39.5

40.2
3.7
40.3
(2)
41.0

40.2
3.7
40.4
2
()
41.0
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.6
37.8

40.2
3.6
40.6

40.1
3.6
40.1
2
()
40.9
37.0
43.1
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7

40.2
3.7
40.3
(2)
40.8
37.1
43.2
38.0
42.3

40.1
3.8
40.4
(2)
41.1

40.4
3.8
40.7

40.2
3.7
40.5

()
41.6

(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1
(2)
41.5

40.2
3.7
40.7
(2)
40.7
37.1
43.2

()
41.7

36.9
43.3
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.6

(2)
41.7
37.6
43.4

40.3
3.6
40.7
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.8
42.5

40.2
3.8
41.0

(2)
41.0
37.0
43.1
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.7

40.0
3.6
40.2
(2)
40.5
36.8
43.2
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.4

37.3

37.7

38.0

38.6

38.0

38.3

39.4

39.4

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

37.1
43.2
38.1
42.3
(2)
41.7
37.5

39.4

Transportation and public utilities

39.4

39.3
38.1

Wholesale trade

38.1

39.4

39.6

2

29.1

()
41.4

37.4

37.9

37.7

38.2

38.3

40.1

39.5

39.4

39.4

38.9

39.3

38.3

37.9

38.0

38.1

38.0

38.1

37.9
42.6
2

2

(2)
41.2
37.0
43.2
37.6
42.5
2

37.9
42.7
(2)
41.5

38.0

38.1

38.1

38.1

38.1

29.0

29.1

29.1

28.9

28.9

29.1

28.9

28.9

29.2

28.8

28.7

32.5

32.7

32.7

32.5

32.6

32.8

32.5

32.5

32.8

32.6

32.7

29.2

Retail trade

()
41.5

40.2
3.6
40.7
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.4
37.7
42.3
(2)
41.4

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1

32.6

32.7

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

137

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1977=100)
1988

1989

Industry
Aug.p

Sept.1

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Total private

125.6

126.3

126.3

126.8

127.4

127.2

127.6

128.7

127.6

128.1

129.2

128.4

128.6

Goods-producing

101.8

102.4

102.8

102.3

103.0

102.9

102.9

103.5

102.4

102.5

103.0

103.1

102.5

81.1

81.2

80.0

80.2

79.9

80.1

81.1

83.4

81.8

81.2

80.3

83.7

83.3

138.1

139.4

141.1

139.4

141.2

140.5

140.3

141.0

138.2

139.3

142.7

143.0

142.9

95.7

96.2

96.5

96.2

96.7

96.7

96.7

97.2

96.4

96.4

96.3

96.3

95.6

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

94.1
103.7
112.6
89.6
68.9
54.2
91.5
91.2
100.6

94.6
106.3
112.3
90.6

94.9
105.9
112.9
91.0
69.0
54.0

94.6

95.2
107.0
113.8
91.4
69.1

95.0
104.5
113.7
90.9

94.9

106.2
112.6
91.0
68.8

105.3
114.3

95.2
105.9
114.6
91.0
68.6
52.4
92.2
93.9
99.7

93.9
103.6
111.9
90.2

92.9
102.8
111.6
88.6
66.0
51.2

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

98.2
100.4
74.3
80.6

98.6
101.7

84.2
101.7
137.2

83.8

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services

100.0

92.3
113.7
84.8

68.9

54.1
91.8
91.9
101.0
100.8
92.7
114.8
84.0

92.5

92.1
101.4

100.8
93.6
114.8

53.1
92.1
92.5
100.2
100.3

89.9
114.5




93.0
93.0
100.2
101.0
91.8
115.3
85.9

68.7
53.4

92.8
93.7
99.9
101.0

98.8
101.5

101.2

91.1

91.1
115.6
86.4

91.7
115.0

116.4

86.1

87.1

99.3

99.5
102.9
69.6
81.0

100.1

85.4

86.8
102.4
138.2
100.9

84.8

84.7

98.4
101.5
76.7
79.5
137.4
99.4
82.7
118.6

138.3

99.9
81.2
119.5

100.0

102.3
138.5
100.4

83.3

82.2

94.0

93.8

103.4

102.6

112.9
89.3
68.2
52.3

112.6
89.8
68.5
52.6
90.8
93.8
97.8
99.5
88.1
116.1

113.2
90.0
67.9
52.0
90.7

91.7

93.7
98.4
100.5
90.2
115.8
86.6

86.2

94.0

97.6
98.6
85.7

116.9
85.7

67.8
52.8

90.2
93.3
98.0
100.1
89.5
115.8
87.0

89.7

92.9
97.7

97.8
86.7
115.8
86.1

118.5

98.8
102.6
76.5
80.5
84.4
101.9
137.3
99.0
83.5
119.3

120.0

119.9

119.9

119.6

118.9

101.5
83.2
118.8

55.4

55.3

54.6

55.2

56.1

57.0

56.1

56.0

54.7

55.5

54.7

55.0

54.6

138.8

139.6

139.2

140.3

140.9

140.6

141.2

142.6

141.5

142.2

143.7

142.4

143.0

114.1

114.6

114.7

115.5

116.4

116.2

116.2

118.6

117.3

117.3

117.7

113.4

116.7

123.8

124.2

124.2

124.9

125.3

125.9

126.4

127.2

126.1

126.7

127.2

127.2

127.5

125.9

126.5

126.0

126.7

127.2

126.7

126.9

127.7

127.2

127.4

128.9

127.5

126.9

140.9

141.6

140.6

141.2

142.1

140.8

141.8

143.8

141.9

142.7

145.0

143.3

143.6

163.2

164.3

164.0

165.8

166.4

166.1

167.3

168.9

167.5

169.0

170.8

170.3

171.3

98.7
84.1
117.8

75.1
80.6
101.9
137.3
99.5
84.1

84.2
102.1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.

138

53.8

90.5
68.9
53.6
92.5
93.4

94.3
103.7

98.9
101.5
73.4
80.6
84.9
101.7

102.2
74.1
80.4
85.5
101.9
138.4

99.5
103.3
69.6
81.5

99.9
104.3
69.0
81.5

85.4

85.2

84.9

102.3
137.8
100.5

102.3
138.3
101.8

102.7

82.9

83.5

84.3

103.8
73.0
82.1

100.1

99.8

106.4
70.5

137.7

105.1
66.9
80.6
84.9
103.2
138.1
101.2
83.4
119.2

81.3

99.6
105.3
68.0
79.7
84.2
102.1
138.7
101.8
83.5

118.9

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
1

C-7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1989

1988
Industry
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.p

Sept.p

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime3
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant dollars)4

$9.37

$9.43

$9.42

$9.45

$9.49

$9.52

$9.54

$9.61

$9.60

$9.62

$9.69

$9.68

$9.73

)
()
()
()
$13.07 $13.08 $13.10 $13.15 $13.18 $13.22 $13.26 $13.33 $13.32 $13.32 $13.42 $13.37 $13.39
10.40
10.37
10.33
10.25
10.42
10.40
10.31
10.30
10.29
10.45
10.54
10.52
10.48
9.92
9.89
9.87
9.78
9.97
9.92
9.85
9.83
9.80
9.99
10.07
10.05
10.01
12.52
12.50
12.48
12.45
12.36
12.39
12.41
12.37
12.54
12.54
12.64
12.51
12.61
10.21
10.18
10.19
10.11
10.06
10.03
10.28
10.36
10.14
10.33
10.44
10.39
10.44
6.47
6.45
6.44
6.51
6.43
6.40
6.36
6.49
6.38
6.52
6.58
6.56
6.54
9.54
9.36
9.35
9.40
9.35
9.26
9.18
9.45
9.35
9.53
9.64
9.56
9.68
9.24
9.32
9.19
9.15
9.10
9.05
9.07
9.00
9.33
9.34
9.48
9.43
9.46
4.83

4.84

4.82

4.82

4.81

4.81

4.80

4.80

4.77

4.77

4.79

4.79

Average weekly earnings
Total private:
In current dollars
In constant (1977) dollars 4 .

325.14 328.16 326.87 327.92 330.25 329.39 331.04 335.39 332.16 332.85 337.21 334.93 336.66
167.68 168.55 167.28 167.39 167.55 166.44 166.44 167.53 165.01 165.10 166.85 165.72

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components
and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.




4
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.
5
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1988 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1985 forward are subject to
revision.

139

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.6
42.0
40.7

40.6
40.0
41.7

41.2
40.9
42.1

$8.94
9.02
10.58

$9.02
9.25
10.92

$9.06
9.30
10.70

$371.90
378.84
430.61

$366.21
370.00
455.36

$373.27
380.37
450.47

Alaska

46.9

47.4

55.1

11.14

11.00

11.49

522.47

521.40

633.10

Arizona

40.9

40.7

40.6

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

40.9
40.8
40.8
41.5
42.5

40.7
41.1
40.4
41.8
44.0

41.0
41.4
40.6
41.9
43.7

9.93

10.06

9.95

406.14

409.44

403.97

8.03
7.11
8.73
8.47
10.50

8.31
7.38
8.88
8.91
10.52

8.27
7.46
8.85
8.88
10.49

328.43
290.09
356.18
351.51
446.25

338.22
303.32
358.75
372.44
462.88

339.07
308.84
359.31
372.07
458.41

Colorado
Denver

39.6
40.2

40.3
39.7

0)

0

0)

39.7
40.0

10.35
11.02

10.64
11.13

10.54
10.94

409.86
443.00

428.79
441.86

418.44
437.60

Connecticut

Waterbury

41.1
39.8
41.2
41.4
40.3
40.4
43.3

41.3
41.1
42.0
41.5
40.4
41.7
41.0

41.5
40.0
41.1
42.2
40.7
41.9
42.6

10.73
11.16
11.25
11.20
10.17
12.50
9.83

11.28
11.61
11.91
11.80
10.85
12.22
10.43

11.18
11.52
12.03
11.97
10.69
11.86
10.45

441.00
444.17
463.50
463.68
409.85
505.00
425.64

465.86
477.17
500.22
489.70
438.34
509.57
427.63

463.97
460.80
494.43
505.13
435.08
496.93
445.17

Delaware
Wilmington

39.7
40.6

40.4
42.3

40.3
41.5

10.58
13.55

10.15
12.73

11.02
13.31

420.03
550.13

410.06
538.48

444.11
552.37

District of Columbia:
Washington MSA

39.9

39.5

40.0

11.24

12.04

12.26

448.48

475.58

490.40

40.7
42.3
41.0
39.3
39.5
42.7
41.1
39.9

39.9
40.2
41.2
38.7
41.0
41.6
39.9
41.3

39.9
41.5
41.3
38.4
40.0
41.1
39.9
40.7

8.45
8.26
9.02
7.29
9.02
10.68
8.24
9.15

8.74
8.71
9.42
7.40
9.86
10.75
8.75
9.30

8.73
8.60
9.42
7.49
10.00
10.80
8.90
9.29

343.92
349.40
369.82
286.50
356.29
456.04
338.66
365.09

348.73
350.14
388.10
286.38
404.26
447.20
349.13
384.09

348.33
356.90
389.05
287.62
400.00
443.88
355.11
378.10

Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah

41.2
40.3
48.4

40.9
41.9
48.2

41.1
41.2
48.3

8.63
10.14
11.45

8.79
10.29
11.54

8.82
10.30
11.45

355.56
408.64
554.18

359.51
431.15
556.23

362.50
424.36
553.04

Hawaii

40.5
40.7

39.5
39.2

40.5
40.4

9.71
9.85

10.40
10.60

10.32
10.39

393.26
400.90

410.80
415.52

417.96
419.76

37.0

39.2

39.6

10.03

10.22

10.13

371.11

400.62

401.15

41.5
41.7
38.8
38.9
42.0
39.1
42.0
41.3
40.5
40.3
44.3
42.2
43.2

41.0
41.3
40.4
39.0
41.0
40.8
43.0
43.0
38.6
38.7
45.9
41.8
39.7

41.6
41.1
40.5
38.9
41.7
41.4
43.4
43.1
39.5
39.5
45.3
41.3
40.1

11.04
10.43
11.54
9.22
10.73
12.81
14.40
12.23
11.07
11.55
13.15
11.43
11.90

11.23
10.55
11.79
9.83
10.90
12.81
14.70
12.55
11.26
11.72
14.06
11.56
11.65

11.25
10.48
11.90
9.76
10.90
12.97
14.79
12.61
11.46
11.83
14.08
11.88
11.60

458.16
434.93
447.75
358.66
450.66
500.87
604.80
505.10
448.34
465.47
582.55
482.35
514.08

460.43
435.72
476.32
383.37
446.90
522.65
632.10
539.65
434.64
453.56
645.35
483.21
462.51

468.00
430.73
481.95
379.66
454.53
536.96
641.89
543.49
452.67
467.29
637.82
490.64
465.16

41.6

40.4

40.5

11.32

11.60

11.54

470.91

468.64

467.37

Aug.
1988

California

Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden

Stamford

Florida
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach

Jacksonville
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

Honolulu
Idaho

Illinois
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield
Indiana
See footnotes at end of table.

140




July
1989

Average weekly earnings

Aug.
1989?

0)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Aug.
1988

July

Aug.
1989P

Average hourly earnings
Aug.

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

41.2
39.4
42.0
41.7
38.1

39.9
39.1
40.5
41.5
37.9

39.9
39.1
40.8
40.0
38.5

$10.57
12.20
11.79
11.45
8.54

$10.99
12.81
11.75
12.35
8.59

$10.84
12.85
11.65
10.02
8.29

$435.48
480.68
495.18
477.47
325.37

$438.50
500.87
475.88
512.53
325.56

$432.52
502.44
475.32
400.80
319.17

Kansas

40.7
43.3
41.1

39.7
39.3
41.1

40.3
40.2
41.0

10.21
11.51
10.84

10.51
11.55
11.35

10.53
11.77
11.53

415.55
498.38
445.52

417.25
453.92
466.49

424.36
473.15
472.73

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville

40.3
39.6
41.2

39.2
38.9
39.6

39.9
38.7
40.0

10.14
10.24
11.79

10.34
10.71
11.94

10.35
10.83
11.89

408.64
405.50
485.75

405.33
416.62
472.82

412.97
419.12
475.60

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport

42.1
42.7
41.1
41.5

41.5
43.9
40.0
41.4

42.0
44.0
40.3
41.0

10.91
13.05
10.46
11.71

11.15
13.03
10.90
11.21

10.96
12.88
10.79
10.94

459.31
557.24
429.91
485.97

462.73
572.02
436.00
464.09

460.32
566.72
434.84
448.54

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.9
37.3
40.6

39.2
38.5
37.2

40.1
39.5
38.1

9.23
8.28
9.50

10.24
8.54
10.45

9.91
8.20
10.92

377.51
308.84
385.70

401.41
328.79
388.74

397.39
323.90
416.05

Maryland
Baltimore MSA

42.0
41.8

41.4
41.1

41.4
41.5

10.41
11.11

10.92
11.49

11.02
11.51

437.22
464.40

452.09
472.24

456.23
477.67

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

41.1
41.4
42.7
40.3

40.8
40.1
40.9
41.6

41.0
40.3
40.8
41.7

10.21
10.94
10.39

10.88
11.54
10.02
11.03

10.73
11.42
9.96
11.07

419.63
452.92
418.46
418.72

443.90
462.75
409.82
458.85

439.93
460.23
406.37
461.62

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Battle Creek
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

42.4
46.1
41.1
43.4
42.9
40.4
42.2
42.3
38.1
40.9
42.6

41.4
42.7
41.7
41.4
43.6
40.3
40.3
41.1
39.3
40.4
42.0

42.2
44.6
40.1
43.1
43.6
41.3
41.6
41.6
38.1
41.4
41.2

13.19
14.66
13.98
14.34
16.84
11.23
9.71
12.35
13.71
11.94
14.84

13.45
13.40
14.55
14.37
17.52
11.66
11.38
13.06
14.70
12.33
15.14

13.52
13.97
14.25
14.59
17.46
11.63
11.26
12.97
14.69
12.44
15.07

559.26
675.83
574.58
622.36
722.44
453.69
409.76
522.40
522.35
488.35
632.18

556.83
572.18
606.73
594.92
763.87
469.90
458.61
536.77
577.71
498.13
635.88

570.54
623.06
571.42
628.83
761.26
480.32
468.42
539.55
559.69
515.02
620.88

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

41.1
36.8
41.6
38.5

40.2
36.4
40.1
39.1

40.6
37.1
40.5
36.5

10.57
10.96
11.18
9.93

10.82
11.26
11.65
10.15

10.82
11.45
11.69
10.00

434.43
403.33
465.09
382.31

434.96
409.86
467.17
396.87

439.29
424.80
473.45
365.00

Mississippi
Jackson

40.4
40.2

39.1
39.2

40.1
39.2

7.86
8.69

7.96
9.03

7.96
8.92

317.54
349.34

311.24
353.98

319.20
349.66

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

40.3
40.5
40.4
39.8

40.4
40.1
40.4
40.8

40.7
40.6
40.9
39.5

10.12
11.27
11.80
8.45

10.34
11.35
12.11
8.79

10.48
11.38
12.42
8.69

407.84
456.44
476.72
336.31

417.74
455.14
489.24
358.63

426.54
462.03
507.98
343.26

Montana

37.8

39.6

38.9

10.44

11.12

10.94

394.63

440.35

425.57

Nebraska
Lincoln

41.1
40.2
41.8

40.6
39.3
41.3

41.3
40.1
41.7

9.48
10.20
10.17

9.58
9.98
10.28

9.61
10.23
10.32

389.63
410.04
425.11

388.95
392.21
424.56

396.89
410.22
430.34

Nevada
Las Vegas

39.8
40.2

40.3
42.5

40.7
42.5

10.21
12.70

10.35
13.23

10.32
12.64

406.36
510.54

417.11
562.28

420.02
537.20

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester.

39.9
36.0
39.7
40.8

40.2
39.1
39.9
41.5

40.6
41.0
40.2
42.0

9.77
9.79
11.91
9.28

10.19
10.52
11.90
9.89

10.17
10.40
12.30
9.90

389.82
352.44
472.83
378.62

409.64
411.33
474.81
410.44

412.90
426.40
494.46
415.80

Topeka
Wichita

Omaha

9.80

See footnotes at end of table.




141

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Average hourly earnings
Aug.
1988

July
1989

I

Aug.
1989P

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

40.6

40.4

$10.84

$11.41

$11.42

$437.94

$463.25

$461.37

New Mexico
Albuquerque

39.3
40.3

39.6
39.8

37.5
40.2

8.60
9.35

8.80
9.43

8.30
9.42

337.98
376.81

348.48
375.31

311.25
378.68

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Niagara Falls
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

39.6
39.7
39.7
43.6
40.8
39.2
37.0
36.9
41.1
38.5
41.1
43.6
35.4
40.8
41.1
39.1

39.5
38.4
40.4
41.3
39.3
39.6
37.6
37.2
40.7
37.4
40.4
42.6
40.3
40.3
40.0
39.9

39.6
39.6
40.2
41.7
40.1
39.9
37.6
37.1
40.2
38.2
39.9
41.6
40.3
40.5
40.3
40.9

10.43
11.14

9.97
12.29
10.88
12.15
9.63
11.65

10.78
11.09
10.29
12.65
9.73
11.92
9.98
9.89
13.98
8.73
10.84
12.67
8.36
12.45
9.77
11.44

10.72
11.26
10.08
12.72
9.79
11.83
9.94
9.82
13.64
8.84
10.83
12.45
8.21
12.22
9.93
11.62

413.03
442.26
385.49
533.66
387.60
429.63
363.34
352.40
547.04
318.40
409.77
535.84
385.15
495.72
395.79
455.52

425.81
425.86
415.72
522.45
382.39
472.03
375.25
367.91
568.99
326.50
437.94
539.74
336.91
501.74
390.80
456.46

424.51
445.90
405.22
530.42
392.58
472.02
373.74
364.32
548.33
337.69
432.12
517.92
330.86
494.91
400.18
475.26

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point ..
Raleigh-Durham

40.5
40.9
40.7
40.2
42.1

40.2
41.9
40.3
38.9
41.1

40.7
41.1
40.8
39.6
40.9

8.13
8.16
8.45
9.04
9.25

8.43
8.41
8.88
9.28
9.47

8.44
8.40
8.84
9.25
9.49

329.27
333.74
343.92
363.41
389.43

338.89
352.38
357.86
360.99
389.22

343.51
345.24
360.67
366.30
388.14

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

39.7
39.8

39.9
40.0

39.7
39.4

8.34
8.42

8.86
8.90

8.83
8.85

331.10
335.12

353.51
356.00

350.55
348.69

Ohio
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

42.4
42.6
42.1
42.4
42.7
40.8
42.2
42.5
41.6

42.0
41.8
41.1
42.2
41.8
41.3
42.4
42.8
42.3

42.2
42.5
42.1
43.3
42.5
41.6
42.0
43.4
42.0

11.91
11.28
11.27
11.23
11.79
11.56
12.38
12.94
13.40

12.16
11.29
11.73
11.40
11.77
12.02
12.74
13.23
13.72

12.23
11.37
11.86
11.60
11.88
12.00
12.69
13.26
13.96

504.98
480.53
474.47
476.15
503.43
471.65
522.44
549.95
557.44

510.72
471.92
482.10
481.08
491.99
496.43
540.18
566.24
580.36

516.11
483.23
499.31
502.28
504.90
499.20
532.98
575.48
586.32

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

40.7
40.7
40.7

41.2
43.2
40.6

41.4
43.5
41.8

10.34
11.53
10.79

10.57
11.35
10.71

10.48
11.36
10.73

420.84
469.27
439.15

435.48
490.32
434.83

433.87
494.16
448.51

Oregon

38.6
37.1
39.5
37.0

38.6
38.0
39.6
38.0

39.7
39.6
39.6
41.6

10.39
10.66
10.79
8.06

10.96
10.86
11.15
8.93

10.61
10.70
11.00
8.26

401.05
395.49
426.21
298.22

423.06
412.68
441.54
339.34

421.22
423.72
435.60
343.62

40.8
40.0
40.2
41.0
42.9
39.5
38.8
40.7
39.9
41.8

40.4
39.8
40.5
45.1
43.4
39.0
38.3
40.1
40.6
41.4

40.5
39.3
39.7
42.6
42.2
39.7
40.5
40.6
40.4
41.7

10.25
10.54
8.71
10.66
10.37
9.62
8.46
10.16
11.32
11.29

10.57
10.68
9.37
10.75
10.76
9.87
8.40
10.57
11.75
11.23

10.54
10.67
9.31
10.67
10.79
9.98
8.37
10.54
11.64
11.26

418.20
421.60
350.14
437.06
444.87
379.99
328.25
413.51
451.67
471.92

427.03
425.06
379.49
484.83
466.98
384.93
321.72
423.86
477.05
464.92

426.87
419.33
369.61
454.54
455.34
396.21
338.99
427.92
470.26
469.54

New Jersey

Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
See footnotes at end of table.

142




9.71
12.24

9.50
10.96
9.82
9.55
13.31
8.27

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected
areas—Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989^

10.23

$428.64
351.34
369.08
415.94

$448.92
363.48
379.14
421.45

$461.48
355.58
375.32
423.52

9.12
8.74
8.76

333.45
322.32
339.23

356.46
345.31
333.87

356.59
346.98
336.38

8.69
9.43
8.87
8.67

8.69
9.50
8.89
8.68

342.78
381.00
351.10
341.96

354.55
382.86
365.44
355.47

355.42
388.55
366.27
356.75

8.03
8.10

8.18
8.56

8.12
8.36

333.25
358.02

330.47
384.34

322.36
363.66

41.0
41.7
42.0
39.1
42.4
41.0

8.95
8.18
9.48
9.08
8.96
10.43

9.19
8.40
9.77
9.09
9.41
10.21

9.17
8.41
9.53
9.09
9.30
10.16

368.74
354.19
404.80
365.02
383.49
431.80

374.03
349.44
419.13
355.42
404.63
414.53

375.97
350.70
400.26
355.42
394.32
416.56

41.3
41.3
40.6
43.9
40.0

41.1
42.0
40.5
43.5
40.2

9.94
9.91
10.65
11.44
7.45

10.26
10.23
10.98
11.86
7.53

10.21
10.20
10.90
11.92
7.54

414.50
414.24
440.91
498.78
298.75

423.74
422.50
445.79
520.65
301.20

419.63
428.40
441.45
518.52
303.11

40.7
41.1

39.5
40.4

41.1
40.9

9.90
9.82

10.16
10.24

10.15
10.17

402.93
403.60

401.32
413.70

417.17
415.95

Vermont
Burlington

41.3
40.7

39.9
40.9

40.7
40.1

9.41
9.69

10.05
10.23

9.93
10.43

388.63
394.38

401.00
418.41

404.15
418.24

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

40.7
42.3
41.7
40.5
40.5
39.9
41.9
41.0

40.8
43.4
41.9
41.1
42.1
40.3
41.4
41.3

40.8
39.3
42.2
40.1
41.8
40.0
41.8
40.4

9.35
7.75
7.74

8.87

9.59
7.80
8.21
8.84
9.29
11.13
12.56
9.87

9.64
8.05
8.15
8.81
9.40
11.01
12.50
9.82

380.55
327.83
322.76
348.30
358.83
419.75
504.90
363.67

391.27
338.52
344.00
363.32
391.11
448.54
519.98
407.63

393.31
316.37
343.93
353.28
392.92
440.40
522.50
396.73

Washington

39.4

40.2

40.6

11.68

12.36

12.08

460.19

496.87

490.45

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

40.7
43.2
40.4
42.2
40.2

40.3
43.3
38.7
41.0
39.7

40.7
43.5
39.6
41.6
40.6

10.63
13.51
12.26
12.25
11.57

11.30
14.51
12.57
13.73
12.67

11.14
14.19
12.60
13.67
12.28

432.64
583.63
495.30
516.95
465.11

455.39
628.28
486.46
562.93
503.00

453.40
617.27
498.96
568.67
498.57

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

41.3
42.0
40.9
42.3
39.4
39.8
39.0
41.7
40.6
39.0
42.0

41.2
43.7
43.2
41.4
37.3
41.6
40.4
39.2
40.9
38.5
42.3

41.3
42.8
43.0
40.1
38.0
42.1
40.2
41.0
41.6
40.7
42.9

10.39
11.13
10.69
11.02
12.52
12.16
9.09
9.73
11.47
10.68
9.95

10.61
11.65
10.57
11.34
12.67
11.40
9.89
10.31
11.54
10.61
10.31

10.64
11.66
10.56
11.19
12.72
11.72
9.73
10.18
11.55
11.09
10.22

429.11
467.46
437.22
466.15
493.29
483.97
354.51
405.74
465.68
416.52
417.90

437.13
509.11
456.62
469.48
472.59
474.24
399.56
404.15
471.99
408.49
436.11

439.43
499.05
454.08
448.72
483.36
493.41
391.15
417.38
480.48
451.36
438.44

Wyoming

38.9

39.4

47.2

9.97

10.69

8.40

387.83

421.19

396.48

Puerto Rico

39.2

39.1

39.5

5.57

5.71

5.74

218.34

223.26

226.73

Virgin Islands

39.3

41.7

41.6

9.87

10.79

10.72

387.89

449.94

445.95

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Pennsylvania-Continued
Reading
Scranton-WVkes-Barre
Williamsport
York ...

40.4
39.3
41.1
42.4

40.7
39.0
39.7
41.4

41.5
38.4
39.3
41.4

$10.61
8.94
8.98
9.81

$11.03
9.32
9.55
10.18

$11.12
9.26

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence

39.0
39.5
39.4

39.0
39.6
38.2

39.1
39.7
38.4

8.55
8.16
8.61

9.14
8.72
8.74

South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

41.2
41.1
41.6
41.3

40.8
40.6
41.2
41.0

40.9
40.9
41.2
41.1

8.32
9.27
8.44
8.28

South Dakota
Sioux Falls

41.5
44.2

40.4
44.9

39.7
43.5

Tennessee

41.2
43.3
42.7
40.2
42.8
41.4

40.7
41.6
42.9
39.1
43.0
40.6

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

41.7
41.8
41.4
43.6
40.1

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

1

Not available.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this

p




8.60
8.86
10.52

12.05

9.55

publication. All State and area data have been adjusted to March 1988
benchmarks.

143

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments by major industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1
Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

July
1989r

Aug.
1989r

Sept.
1989P

Sept. 1988
to
Sept. 1989P

July 1989
to
Aug. 1989r

Aug. 1989
to
Sept. 1989P

202,538

201,588

202,482

2.5

-0.5

0.4

167,175

166,257

166,360

2.4

-.5

1,549
10,533
41,855
24,847
17,008
11,800
12,385
29,734
12,884
46,435

1,619
10,527
41,858
24,885
16,973
11,408
12,353
29,391
12,754
46,348

1,624
10,449
41,641
24,707
16,935
11,684
12,389
29,352
12,708
46,512

3.0
3.4
.3
-.5
1.4
2.3
3.1
1.2
1.8
5.0

4.6
-.1
.0
.2
-.2
-3.3
-.3
-1.2
-1.0
-.2

.3
-.7
-.5
-.7
-.2
2.4
.3
-.1
-.4
.4

35,362

35,331

36,122

2.9

-.1

2.2

Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted,
multiplied by 52.
p
= preliminary.
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,

144




Percent change

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2285,
chapter 10, Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major Subsectors.
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-10. Indexes of productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, seasonally adjusted
(1977 = 100)
Annual average

Quarterly index
1986

Item

1987

1987

1989

1988

1988
IV

IV

IV

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

111.1
133.4
120.1
191.0
101.9
171.9
166.3
170.0

113.1
140.0
123.8
200.4
102.7
177.2
170.8
174.9

109.8
128.9
117.4
187.4
102.8
170.6
160.7
167.1

109.9
130.4
118.6
188.2
101.9
171.2
162.6
168.2

110.7
132.2
119.5
189.5
101.4
171.3
166.5
169.6

111.7
134.4
120.3
191.8
101.7
171.6
168.9
170.7

112.5
136.7
121.5
195.2
102.6
173.5
167.2
171.3

113.3
138.2
122.0
196.5
102.3
173.5
168.9
171.9

112.7
139.3
123.6
199.3
102.7
176.9
168.8
174.1

113.6
140.7
123.9
202.2
102.9
178.1
171.7
175.8

113.6
141.9
124.9
204.8
103.1
180.2
173.6
177.9

113.9
143.6
126.0
207.2
103.0
181.9
174.7
179.4

114.3
144.2
126.2
210.6
103.1
184.3
175.9
181.4

108.9
133.1
122.2
189.8
101.2
174.2
167.7
172.0

111.2
140.3
126.2
198.9
101.9
178.8
172.2
176.5

107.6
128.4
119.3
186.4
102.2
173.2
161.6
169.2

107.7
130.0
120.7
187.0
101.3
173.6
164.1
170.3

108.6
132.0
121.6
188.3
100.7
173.4
167.6
171.4

109.5
134.1
122.4
190.5
101.0
173.9
170.3
172.6

110.3
136.4
123.7
193.9
101.9
175.8
168.7
173.4

111.1
138.0
124.3
195.1
101.6
175.7
170.2
173.8

110.7
139.5
126.1
197.8
101.9
178.7
169.8
175.6

111.6
141.1
126.4
200.5
102.1
179.6
172.0
177.0

112.1
142.8
127.3
203.3
102.4
181.3
176.2
179.6

111.8
143.6
128.5
205.7
102.3
184.1
174.6
180.8

112.0
144.5
129.0
208.6
102.1
186.3
176.2
182.8

132.9
130.1
97.9
189.2
100.9
142.3

137.7
138.1
100.3
197.8
101.3
143.6

130.1
125.9
96.8
187.8
103.0
144.3

131.3
127.2
96.8
188.5
102.0
143.5

133.1
128.7
96.7
188.7
101.0
141.8

134.3
131.1
97.6
190.4
100.9
141.8

135.1
133.5
98.9
192.2
101.0
142.3

136.3
135.0
99.1
195.5
101.8
143.5

137.5
136.9
99.6
197.1
101.5
143.3

139.2
139.3
100.0
199.5
101.5
143.2

140.0
141.1
100.7
202.3
101.9
144.5

140.7
142.2
101.0
203.9
101.3
144.8

141.7
143.2
101.0
205.1
100.4
144.7

139.5
136.0
97.5
187.4
100.0
134.3

144.8
145.0
100.2
195.3
100.1
134.9

136.6
131.8
96.5
186.9
102.5
136.8

138.4
133.3
96.4
187.9
101.7
135.8

140.0
134.2
95.9
187.4
100.3
133.9

141.2
136.5
96.7
189.0
100.2
133.9

142.4
139.9
98.2
190.6
100.1
133.9

143.8
141.3
98.3
194.5
101.3
135.2

145.2
144.0
99.2
195.0
100.4
134.3

146.7
146.4
99.8
197.0
100.3
134.4

147.2
148.3
100.7
200.2
100.8
135.9

147.8
149.1
100.9
201.8
100.3
136.6

149.5
150.0
100.4
202.4
99.0
135.4

123.2
121.4
98.6
192.5
102.7
156.2

127.3
127.8
100.4
202.2
103.6
158.9

120.5
117.0
97.1
189.4
103.9
157.1

121.0
118.0
97.6
189.8
102.8
156.9

123.1
120.5
97.9
191.5
102.4
155.6

124.3
123.1
99.0
193.3
102.5
155.5

124.4
124.0
99.7
195.3
102.6
157.0

125.3
125.6
100.2
197.8
103.0
157.8

126.1
126.4
100.2
200.9
103.5
159.3

128.3
128.8
100.4
203.8
103.8
158.9

129.3
130.3
100.8
206.1
103.8
159.4

130.3
131.8
101.1
207.6
103.2
159.3

130.4
133.0
102.0
210.1
102.8
161.1

112.1
135.3
120.8
186.1
99.3
171.2
166.1
186.4
123.0
165.4

114.9
143.5
124.8
194.5
99.7
174.6
169.3
190.3
128.8
169.1

110.6
130.3
117.8
183.0
100.4
170.1
165.4
183.7
120.4
164.1

110.4
131.5
119.2
183.6
99.4
171.0
166.3
185.0
118.1
164.7

111.6
133.9
120.0
184.7
98.8
170.8
165.5
186.3
122.5
165.0

113.0
136.9
121.1
186.9
99.1
170.8
165.3
186.9
129.3
165.8

113.6
138.9
122.3
189.7
99.6
172.1
167.0
187.2
122.0
166.1

114.8
141.2
123.0
191.2
99.6
171.9
166.6
187.8
127.0
166.5

115.0
142.8
124.2
193.6
99.7
173.6
168.4
188.9
129.1
168.2

115.4
144.3
125.1
196.0
99.8
175.2
169.9
191.0
127.5
169.5

115.3
145.4
126.2
198.3
99.9
177.5
172.1
193.3
131.6
172.0

114.7
145.8
127.1
200.7
99.7
180.4
174.9
196.9
119.6
173.1

114.7
146.4
127.7
203.3
99.5
183.5
177.3
202.1
112.0
175.0

Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).




145

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

PRODUCTIVITY DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

C-11. Percent changes from the preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted annual rates
Percent change from
Same quarter, previous year

Previous quarter

Item
1988

1988

1988

IV
1988

1989

1989

1988

1988

1988

IV
1988

I
1989

1989

2.7
4.4
1.7
2.8
-.8
.1
4.2
1.5

-2.0
3.3
5.4
5.9
1.3
8.1
-.3
5.1

3.1
4.0
.9
5.8
1.0
2.6
7.1
4.1

0.2
3.4
3.2
5.2
.7
5.0
4.6
4.8

1.0
4.8
3.8
4.8
-.6
3.7
2.4
3.3

1.3
1.9
.6
6.8
.4
5.5
2.8
4.6

3.0
5.9
2.8
4.4
.4
1.3
3.9
2.2

1.8
5.4
3.5
5.2
1.3
3.3
1.4
2.6

1.6
4.7
3.0
5.4
1.2
3.7
1.7
3.0

1.0
3.8
2.8
4.9
.5
3.9
3.9
3.9

0.6
3.9
3.3
5.4
.6
4.8
3.4
4.3

1.4
3.5
2.1
5.7
.4
4.2
4.2
4.2

3.0
4.8
1.8
2.7
-.9
-.3
3.6
1.0

-1.5
4.4
5.9
5.5
.9
7.1
-1.0
4.3

3.4
4.6
1.2
5.5
.8
2.0
5.4
3.2

1.9
4.8
2.8
5.9
1.4
3.9
10.1
5.9

-1.3
2.4
3.8
4.8
-.6
6.2
-3.7
2.8

.7
2.4
1.7
5.6
-.7
4.9
3.7
4.5

3.1
6.1
2.9
4.3
.4
1.2
3.7
2.0

1.9
5.7
3.7
5.1
1.1
3.1
1.3
2.5

1.9
5.2
3.3
5.2
1.0
3.3
1.0
2.5

1.7
4.7
2.9
4.9
.5
3.1
4.4
3.6

.6
4.1
3.4
5.4
.6
4.8
2.6
4.0

1.2
3.6
2.4
5.5
.2
4.2
3.8
4.1

3.7
4.6
.9
7.1
3.4
3.3

3.6
5.8
2.2
3.2
-1.3
-.3

5.2
7.1
1.8
4.9
.2
-.3

2.3
5.1
2.8
5.9
1.4
3.5

2.1
3.1
1.1
3.1
-2.2
1.0

2.9
2.9
.0
2.4
-3.7
-.4

3.8
6.2
2.3
3.7
-.2
-.1

3.3
6.4
3.0
4.4
.5
1.1

3.7
6.2
2.5
4.8
.6
1.0

3.7
5.6
1.9
5.3
.9
1.5

3.3
5.3
2.0
4.3
_5
1.0

3.1
4.6
1.4
4.1
-1.1
.9

4.1
4.3
.1
8.4
4.6
4.1

3.8
7.7
3.7
1.1
-3.3
-2.6

4.1
6.8
2.6
4.2
-.5
.1

1.6
5.3
3.6
6.5
1.9
4.8

1.4
2.2
.8
3.3
-2.1
1.8

4.8
2.5
-2.2
1.3
-4.8
-3.4

4.0
6.0
2.0
3.5
-.4
-.4

3.7
7.3
3.4
4.0
.2
.3

3.9
7.2
3.2
4.3
.1
.4

3.4
6.0
2.5
5.0
.7
1.6

2.7
5.5
2.7
3.8
-1.0
1.0

3.0
4.2
1.2
3.8
-1.4
.8

3.0
5.1
2.0
5.2
1.5
2.1

2.7
2.7
.0
6.4
1.8
3.7

7.0
7.7
.7
6.0
1.2
-1.0

3.2
4.8
1.5
4.6
.2
1.4

3.2
4.7
1.4
2.9
-2.4
-.4

.2
3.6
3.3
4.9
-1.4
4.7

3.6
6.4
2.7
4.2
.2
.6

2.5
4.9
2.4
4.9
1.0
2.4

3.2
4.6
1.4
5.4
1.2
2.2

4.0
5.0
1.0
5.5
1.2
1.5

4.0
5.0
.9
5.0
.2
.9

3.4
5.2
1.7
4.6
-.6
1.2

4.3
6.8
2.3
3.3
-.3
-.4
-1.0
1.1
17.6
1.1

.6
4.6
4.0
5.2
.6
3.9
4.5
2.5
6.8
4.2

1.4
4.3
2.8
5.1
.3
3.9
3.6
4.6
-4.7
3.1

-.4
3.2
3.6
4.8
.4
5.2
5.3
4.9
13.3
5.9

-1.8
1.0
2.8
4.8
-.6
6.9
6.6
7.5
-31.7
2.8

-.2
1.7
1.9
5.3
-1.0
7.1
5.6
11.1
-23.1
4.3

4.0
7.4
3.2
4.1
.2
.5
.1
1.5
7.5
1.1

3.0
6.6
3.5
4.8
.9
1.6
1.7
1.4
5.4
2.0

2.1
5.4
3.3
4.9
.7
2.6
2.8
2.2
-1.3
2.2

1.5
4.7
3.2
4.6
.2
3.1
3.1
3.3
7.9
3.5

.0
3.2
3.3
5.0
.2
5.0
5.0
4.9
-5.8
4.0

-.3
2.5
2.8
5.0
-.2
5.7
5.3
7.0
-13.2
4.0

Business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Nonfarm business sector
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Manufacturing
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Durable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nondurable goods
Output per hour of all persons
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Nonfinancial corporations
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523 9261).

146




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

1,899.6
445.0
134.1
210.1
137.0
69.8

1,953.1
452.4
139.4
215.3
140.1
72.1

Aug.
1989P

1,955.0
452.9
140.0
215.1
139.8
72.4

Aug.
1988

144.1
28.6
7.4
18.6
9.1
4.0

July
1989

151.9
27.8
7.5
19.4
10.1
4.1

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

148.5
29.4
7.8
19.3
10.4
3.9

7.6
6.4
5.5
8.9
6.6
5.8

7.8
6.1
5.4
9.0
7.2
5.8

7.6
6.5
5.6
9.0
7.4
5.4

Aug.
1989?

250.2

250.8

249.5

20.7

15.3

14.6

8.3

6.1

5.9

Arizona
Phoenix
Tucson

1,659.3
1,033.4
311.1

1,722.3
1,074.4
322.3

1,716.8
1,066.0
324.9

118.4
57.2
17.2

105.6
51.7
15.8

110.5
54.2
17.1

7.1
5.5
5.5

6.1
4.8
4.9

6.4
5.1
5.3

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,112.4
60.5
92.0
261.6
36.9

1,184.2
64.1
95.7
279.5
39.6

1,170.4
64.3
93.6
276.3
39.1

84.9
2.7
5.9
17.4
3.2

89.1
2.6
7.0
19.7
3.3

69.8
1.9
6.7
15.1
2.6

7.6
4.5
6.4
6.6
8.8

7.5
4.1
7.3
7.0
8.3

6.0
3.0
7.2
5.5
6.6

14,144.6
1,355.4
227.6
323.3
4,088.1
163.1
1,081.8
361.6
946.4
717.0
1,141.8
894.0
846.7
181.1
197.6
201.0
197.5

14,602.7
1,407.0
235.0
318.8
4,228.4
173.0
1,127.8
378.1
982.9
745.4
1,191.9
913.5
861.5
183.3
199.6
200.3
208.4

14,455.4
1,395.4
231.1
322.9
4,174.3
171.8
1,116.7
370.5
958.5
741.3
1,181.4
905.8
856.5
180.9
199.9
201.0
205.8

788.1
45.1
22.9
31.3
219.7
16.6
53.4
23.0
65.5
38.1
53.7
35.8
34.2
8.3
9.4
17.6
11.1

851.2
50.4
23.8
30.5
235.1
18.7
56.7
25.2
73.9
40.3
56.5
36.4
38.0
8.2
10.0
18.9
12.6

673.9
39.9
20.7
24.9
184.5
13.2
45.4
20.2
59.1
31.9
45.7
28.9
30.5
6.8
8.0
14.4
9.9

5.6
3.3
10.0
9.7
5.4
10.2
4.9
6.3
6.9
5.3
4.7
4.0
4.0
4.6
4.8
8.8
5.6

5.8
3.6
10.1
9.6
5.6
10.8
5.0
6.7
7.5
5.4
4.7
4.0
4.4
4.5
5.0
9.5
6.0

4.7
2.9
9.0
7.7
4.4
in
4.1
5.5
6.2
4.3
3.9
3.2
3.6
3.8
4.0
7.1
4.8

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Denver

1,722.3
132.5
890.2

1,688.5
129.3
866.6

1,687.3
129.6
870.1

98.7
5.7
49.5

81.9
5.1
40.5

83.5
5.0
41.8

5.7
4.3
5.6

4.9
3.9
4.7

4.9
3.9
4.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport-Milford
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-Meriden
Stamford
Waterbury

1,793.9
235.4
431.8
75.6
284.5
119.8
103.0

1,841.8
241.6
447.0
75.2
295.3
122.2
102.7

1,831.6
239.0
442.4
74.6
292.7
121.5
104.8

60.8
10.2
13.6
2.8
9.4
2.8
4.5

63.5
11.4
13.1
2.9
9.8
2.8
5.3

67.9
11.5
14.9
3.3
10.6
3.0
4.9

3.4
4.3
3.1
3.7
3.3
2.4
4.4

3.4
4.7
2.9
3.8
3.3
2.3
5.1

3.7
4.8
3.4
4.4
3.6
2.5
4.7

355.0
302.3

362.6
303.3

366.3
305.4

9.3
10.8

15.0
16.2

11.6
10.7

2.6
3.6

4.1
5.3

3.2
3.5

District of Columbia
Washington

342.7
2,237.4

330.5
2,331.7

331.1
2,306.7

17.1
68.5

16.1
60.5

16.5
60.9

5.0
3.1

4.9
2.6

5.0
2.6

Florida1
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood-Pompano Beach
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Jacksonville
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami-Hialeah
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach

6,248.5
156.3
648.3
143.1
474.2
193.8
965.5
600.3
152.5
126.5
131.7
1,013.0
414.3

6,382.6
159.9
653.9
149.6
476.7
195.4
982.9
615.0
151.3
127.2
134.8
1,032.9
434.0

6,309.9
157.0
648.7
148.3
470.0
194.2
972.8
605.3
149.9
126.1
133.6
1,018.6
432.5

314.8
6.9
25.6
5.4
25.0
8.3
50.8
25.6
8.3
4.4
4.9
45.2
23.9

385.9
9.3
34.0
6.2
28.2
10.2
64.8
34.5
9.3
4.8
6.6
54.0
30.5

342.1
7.8
30.8
5.5
23.4
9.8
58.7
28.2
8.5
4.3
6.3
47.0
27.2

5.0
4.4
4.0
3.8
5.3
4.3
5.3
4.3
5.4
3.5
3.7
4.5
5.8

6.0
5.8
5.2
4.1
5.9
5.2
6.6
5.6
6.1
3.8
4.9
5.2
7.0

5.4
4.9
4.8
3.7
5.0
5.0
6.0
4.7
5.7
3.4
4.7
4.6
6.3

Alaska

California1
Anaheim-Santa Ana
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Oxnard-Ventura
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa-Petaluma
Stockton
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

Delaware
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.




147

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

3,202.9
74.0
1,513.6
183.6
102.7
132.5
115.1

3.283.4
77.2
1,543.8
184.6
103.7
135.6
114.4

3,289.3
77.0
1,550.2
184.5
103.4
135.3
114.5

169.1
2.6
72.0
9.7
5.8
6.0
6.5

178.2
3.3
72.2
9.3
5.5
6.3
5.7

Hawaii
Honolulu

517.6
383.3

532.3
391.9

534.6
393.2

16.5
10.8

Idaho
Boise City

484.0
105.1

488.8
108.6

482.4
107.1

Illinois1
Aurora-Elgin
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul ...
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-MoJine
Decatur
Joliet
Kankakee
Lake County
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

5,917.7
182.7
68.3
85.7
3,274.4
184.1
59.1
196.4
45.3
286.0
159.2
151.9
116.8

5,964.0
188.8
72.4
90.2
3,288.9
182.8
59.4
197.8
45.7
293.8
161.7
150.5
112.2

Indiana
Anderson
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend-Mishawaka
Terre Haute

2,841.8
59.2
60.1
98.6
145.4
200.5
258.3
688.7
65.1
58.8
128.5
58.4

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

184.5
3.3
82.2
9.5
5.4
6.6
6.1

5.3
3.5
4.8
5.3
5.7
4.6
5.7

5.4
4.3
4.7
5.0
5.3
4.6
5.0

5.6
4.3
5.3
5.1
5.2
4.9
5.3

12.9
8.3

9.7
6.5

3.2
2.8

2.4
2.1

1.8
1.7

25.2
3.5

22.3
3.2

23.5
3.1

5.2
3.3

4.6
3.0

4.9
2.9

5,984.7
189.5
71.8
88.5
3,308.5
181.3
59.6
198.5
45.4
294.1
163.0
152.4
119.0

399.4
9.4
3.5
3.5
205.6
14.4
5.0
14.3
4.4
12.2
10.7
10.6
5.8

314.5
8.5
3.2
3.1
162.7
10.8
3.9
11.6
3.1
9.4
8.5
10.8
4.4

347.5
9.3
2.7
3.4
184.9
10.9
4.4
12.4
3.2
10.7
9.4
8.9
5.0

6.7
5.1
5.1
4.1
6.3
7.8
8.5
7.3
9.6
4.3
6.7
7.0
5.0

5.3
4.5
4.4
3.4
4.9
5.9
6.6
5.9
6.9
3.2
5.2
7.2
3.9

5.8
4.9
3.7
3.8
5.6
6.0
7.4
6.2
7.0
3.6
5.8
5.8
4.2

2,961.7
62.1
66.0
102.4
150.6
210.2
271.1
718.1
67.3
60.6
138.3
60.9

2,933.0
61.3
66.1
101.8
149.1
208.8
267.2
710.4
66.5
60.0
137.0
60.8

139.9
3.3
1.9
3.7
7.7
9.0
15.1
32.2
1.5
3.2
6.1
3.2

113.5
3.8
1.4
4.1
5.6
6.8
9.8
23.2
1.5
2.3
6.8
2.1

121.6
3.4
2.0
4.8
6.3
8.5
11.8
24.2
1.8
2.6
5.5
2.5

4.9
5.6
3.2
3.7
5.3
4.5
5.8
4.7
2.3
5.4
4.7
5.4

3.8
6.1
2.1
4.0
3.7
3.2
3.6
3.2
2.3
3.8
4.9
3.5

4.1
5.5
3.0
4.7
4.3
4.1
4.4
3.4
2.8
4.3
4.0
4.1

1,499.3
95.6
233.2
42.9
60.1
68.0

1,532.7
95.7
238.2
43.5
61.0
70.3

1,516.8
94.4
233.7
45.2
60.5
69.1

64.0
3.5
9.2
2.1
3.2
3.5

58.7
3.0
7.9
2.1
2.4
3.2

60.2
2.9
7.5
4.2
2.6
3.1

4.3
3.7
4.0
4.9
5.2
5.1

3.8
3.2
3.3
4.8
3.9
4.6

4.0
3.1
3.2
9.2
4.3
4.6

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

1,279.1
93.3
256.3

1,303.6
93.9
265.3

1,280.5
92.4
259.6

59.9
4.4
13.5

50.9
4.0
11.1

52.4
4.3
11.3

4.7
4.7
5.3

3.9
4.3
4.2

4.1
4.6
4.4

Kentucky
Lexington-Fayette
Louisville
Owensboro

1,745.8
196.8
511.9
44.2

1,777.5
208.9
528.3
45.4

1,763.7
206.3
524.5
44.7

124.2
8.7
29.7
3.4

108.6
7.7
24.3
3.0

99.3
7.0
27.4
2.8

7.1
4.4
5.8
7.7

6.1
3.7
4.6
6.5

5.6
3.4
5.2
6.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma-Thibodaux
Lafayette
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport

1,924.4
60.2
269.4
69.3
100.9
68.5
602.8
161.8

1,965.3
61.9
274.4
72.6
102.0
70.1
616.4
159.8

1,908.0
60.3
267.6
70.5
99.6
67.7
600.2
155.8

213.5
6.4
26.8
7.2
10.0
7.2
58.9
17.5

191.7
6.2
24.1
6.1
8.5
6.4
54.5
15.9

158.5
5.2
20.0
5.5
6.9
5.1
45.8
13.3

11.1
10.6
10.0
10.4
10.0
10.6
9.8
10.8

9.8
10.0
8.8
8.4
8.3
9.2
8.8
10.0

8.3
8.6
7.5
7.8
6.9
7.6
7.6
8.5

616.0
40.7
129.9

631.4
42.4
135.6

629.4
41.3
134.6

15.0
1.3
1.7

21.9
2.6
2.2

19.2
1.8
2.9

2.4
3.1
1.3

3.5
6.2
1.6

3.0
4.3
2.2

Georgia
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus
Macon-Wamer Robins
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.

148




STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Maryland
Baltimore

2,482.8
1,186.2

2,615.6
1,247.6

2,568.7
1,228.0

110.1
57.0

101.9
53.3

98.9
52.7

Massachusetts1

3,181.6
1,561.0
100.0
77.3
46.3
189.0
153.4
87.0
41.9
252.1
222.1

3,245.0
1,584.5
103.1
78.5
47.9
192.8
158.1
88.7
42.5
256.0
232.5

3,243.1
1,583.1
103.6
77.9
48.1
193.5
158.4
88.2
42.5
254.8
233.1

98.5
42.8
3.7
3.6
2.0
7.8
5.5
3.8
1.8
8.0
6.5

148.4
62.5
5.7
6.5
3.1
11.4
8.3
6.3
1.9
12.4
9.9

4,684.6
164.7
66.5
80.9
2,246.4
195.9
369.5
66.3
117.9
241.9
70.8
187.6

4,728.0
163.6
66.1
81.4
2,257.1
196.8
373.6
66.9
120.2
245.3
69.4
189.8

4,766.5
164.6
67.2
82.1
2,277.8
193.2
378.0
68.8
120.5
247.4
71.0
192.4

326.9
6.2
4.2
4.7
170.0
30.0
17.1
4.1
5.2
12.5
5.1
11.2

Minnesota
Duluth
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,366.4
108.2
1,416.0
62.4
94.4

2,362.8
108.0
1,419.4
62.7
93.7

2,381.5
107.7
1,434.9
63.1
94.3

Mississippi
Jackson

1,138.1
197.3

1,197.1
208.2

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

2,600.2
853.6
1,271.8
124.4

Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester
Michigan1
Ann Arbor

Battle Creek
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

July
1989

Aug.
1988 .

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

4.4
4.8

3.9
4.3

3.9
4.3

126.2
55.4
4.9
4.3
2.7
10.7
7.1
4.5
1.7
10.4
8.7

3.1
2.7
3.7
4.6
4.3
4.1
3.6
4.3
4.3
3.2
2.9

4.6
3.9
5.6
8.3
6.5
5.9
5.2
7.1
4.6
4.9
4.3

3.9
3.5
4.8
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.5
5.1
3.9
4.1
3.8

345.2
7.1
4.9
5.7
170.2
24.6
21.0
4.3
6.2
14.5
5.7
13.7

317.0
7.2
4.5
5.7
159.8
18.0
18.7
4.5
5.7
12.6
5.9
12.5

7.0
3.8
6.3
5.8
7.6
15.3
4.6
6.2
4.4
5.2
7.2
6.0

7.3
4.4
7.5
7.0
7.5
12.5
5.6
6.4
5.2
5.9
8.2
7.2

6.7
4.4
6.7
7.0
7.0
9.3
5.0
6.5
4.8
5.1
8.3
6.5

108.5
7.1
58.4
1.8
4.7

94.8
5.5
51.7
1.8
3.9

92.9
5.5
51.6
1.7
3.7

4.6
6.6
4.1
2.9
5.0

4.0
5.1
3.6
2.9
4.2

3.9
5.1
3.6
2.6
3.9

1,171.3
204.8

103.5
12.6

99.7
11.9

86.0
10.6

9.1
6.4

8.3
5.7

7.3
5.2

2,673.4
868.8
1,292.0
127.4

2,634.9
856.4
1,275.2
126.1

140.5
43.7
74.5
5.1

138.2
38.1
66.8
5.3

125.2
37.2
63.2
5.1

5.4
5.1
5.9
4.1

5.2
4.4
5.2
4.2

4.8
4.3
5.0
4.0

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1989P

Montana

409.2

410.2

411.7

23.0

21.4

20.4

5.6

5.2

4.9

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

832.7
127.3
329.0

824.7
126.3
327.1

825.0
125.4
326.9

30.4
3.4
14.0

27.8
4.1
12.3

25.3
3.1
12.0

3.6
2.7
4.2

3.4
3.2
3.7

3.1
2.5
3.7

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

591.6
342.8
141.8

607.0
355.3
141.5

601.4
351.7
141.0

26.9
17.4
5.4

32.0
19.8
6.6

27.2
16.9
5.6

4.5
5.1
3.8

5.3
5.6
4.7

4.5
4.8
4.0

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Dover-Rochester....

619.6
85.8
99.6
137.9

638.6
86.5
99.7
137.8

639.6
86.7
100.1
137.9

16.2
2.2
3.3
2.7

20.5
2.7
3.1
3.8

22.8
2.8
4.1
3.6

2.6
2.6
3.3
2.0

3.2
3.1
3.1
2.7

3.6
3.3
4.1
2.6

New Jersey1
Atlantic City
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

4,026.9
193.6
719.0
273.8
569.1
495.7
955.8
173.0
58.6

4,045.4
199.1
724.4
271.2
573.4
504.4
959.4
171.2
59.2

4,034.6
198.2
721.0
272.4
575.5
502.5
954.8
170.2
58.7

143.1
7.2
22.5
15.8
15.6
15.0
36.5
4.7
3.5

181.6
9.2
30.3
19.2
19.1
20.0
46.1
6.5
4.4

170.9
8.3
27.5
17.9
19.2
18.7
45.4
6.1
3.8

3.6
3.7
3.1
5.8
2.7
3.0
3.8
2.7
5.9

4.5
4.6
4.2
7.1
3.3
4.0
4.8
3.8
7.4

4.2
4.2
3.8
6.6
3.3
3.7
4.8
3.6
6.4

705.0
268.5
57.4
70.2

694.1
265.7
55.4
69.1

694.6
267.4
57.3
68.2

55.0
16.6
4.3
3.4

45.1
13.6
4.0
2.8

46.0
14.5
3.9
2.4

7.8
6.2
7.5
4.8

6.5
5.1
7.2
4.1

6.6
5.4
6.9
3.5

New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

,

See footnotes at end of table.




149

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

New York1
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Orange County
Poughkeepsie
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,759.6
433.8
129.6
460.1
43.2
1,455.2
4,037.6
3,334.3
137.1
133.2
512.9
320.9
139.8

8,863.9
444.3
129.1
469.1
45.3
1,489.3
4,036.8
3,328.4
141.2
133.8
522.9
323.8
141.8

8,734.3
440.5
127.6
462.2
44.4
1,458.5
3,983.0
3,286.9
139.4
131.2
517.2
318.3
139.4

367.8
14.8
4.3
22.3
1.5
49.9
187.2
167.0
5.1
3.1
18.1
12.7
5.7

410.4
16.4
5.6
27.0
1.7
61.6
200.4
175.5
6.5
4.0
19.4
12.8
5.9

North Carolina1
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham

3,409.8
90.4
646.7
528.4
409.2

3,527.7
93.9
677.7
538.0
425.2

3,484.0
92.6
669.7
530.1
419.2

102.1
2.1
17.6
13.8
8.9

340.7
47.6
85.3
35.6

341.6
47.8
87.0
35.5

341.2
48.0
86.4
35.7

Ohio1
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,376.4
324.7
192.3
773.7
943.0
715.4
469.6
310.5
223.8

5,525.6
335.4
199.3
807.8
967.2
742.4
486.7
321.1
223.8

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,538.5
28.8
49.1
499.4
345.7

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Portland
Salem
Pennsylvania1
Allentown-Bethlehem
Altoona
Beaver County
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre
Williamsport
York

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Rhode Island
Pawtucket-Woonsocket-Attleboro
Providence
South Carolina
Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
See footnotes at end of table.

150




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989?

421.5
16.6
5.3
26.5
1.7
63.4
210.2
184.7
6.7
3.8
20.1
12.6
5.8

4.2
3.4
3.3
4.8
3.5
3.4
4.6
5.0
3.7
2.4
3.5
4.0
4.1

4.6
3.7
4.3
5.8
3.7
4.1
5.0
5.3
4.6
3.0
3.7
4.0
4.2

4.8
3.8
4.1
5.7
3.8
4.3
5.3
5.6
4.8
2.9
3.9
4.0
4.1

118.9
2.2
21.0
18.2
11.2

121.4
2.6
21.1
18.5
10.6

3.0
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.2

3.4
2.3
3.1
3.4
2.6

3.5
2.8
3.2
3.5
2.5

16.6
2.2
2.8
2.0

13.2
1.7
2.2
1.5

13.6
1.8
2.3
1.8

4.9
4.6
3.2
5.7

3.9
3.6
2.5
4.3

4.0
3.7
2.6
4.9

5,517.2
336.0
198.9
807.0
963.8
742.7
486.1
320.9
228.8

300.7
17.9
11.6
38.7
48.5
32.3
23.8
16.9
15.5

277.1
15.3
11.6
34.3
41.2
32.0
22.6
17.4
13.6

260.6
15.0
11.0
32.1
39.9
29.5
21.2
16.5
13.4

5.6
5.5
6.0
5.0
5.1
4.5
5.1
5.4
6.9

5.0
4.6
5.8
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.6
5.4
6.1

4.7
4.5
5.5
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.4
5.1
5.9

1,568.7
29.3
51.4
507.6
358.3

1,555.7
29.0
50.4
500.3
354.4

114.4
1.7
3.2
31.0
27.6

87.7
1.2
2.4
23.3
20.0

75.8
1.1
2.1
20.9
17.4

7.4
5.9
6.5
6.2
8.0

5.6
4.2
4.7
4.6
5.6

4.9
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.9

1,432.9
139.6
646.0
138.1

1,481.0
145.9
670.5
139.4

1,452.8
142.9
659.3
140.0

78.9
7.5
30.3
6.7

77.3
7.8
28.6
7.0

69.0
6.7
26.8
6.2

5.5
5.4
4.7
4.8

5.2
5.3
4.3
5.0

4.7
4.7
4.1
4.4

5,962.6
334.8
61.5
61.4
134.3
332.8
98.5
227.2
2,477.5
992.5
178.5
370.0
61.0
223.6

5,960.5
337.2
61.8
60.2
135.3
336.0
99.8
229.1
2,460.3
993.1
180.5
371.8
61.9
224.5

5,919.1
334.2
61.9
59.5
134.5
334.2
98.6
227.4
2,450.8
983.7
179.1
368.1
61.0
224.6

250.1
11.8
3.3
4.7
6.4
11.1
6.5
6.1
93.1
46.7
5.8
17.5
2.4
8.2

276.8
15.7
3.7
4.6
6.5
13.0
7.9
7.9
100.0
45.3
7.0
22.0
3.4
9.2

233.0
12.4
3.1
3.8
5.5
10.6
6.4
6.0
89.5
38.9
5.3
16.9
2.9
9.3

4.2
3.5
5.4
7.6
4.7
3.3
6.6
2.7
3.8
4.7
3.2
4.7
3.9
3.7

4.6
4.7
5.9
7.6
4.8
3.9
7.9
3.4
4.1
4.6
3.9
5.9
5.5
4.1

3.9
3.7
5.0
6.5
4.1
3.2
6.5
2.6
3.7
4.0
2.9
4.6
4.7
4.2

537.8
170.0
348.4

537.8
169.3
349.7

534.3
168.3
346.0

16.4
6.7
10.2

21.4
8.1
13.5

19.2
7.8
12.2

3.0
3.9
2.9

4.0
4.8
3.9

3.6
4.6
3.5

1,685.8
231.2
235.7
336.1

1,739.0
240.9
244.4
348.6

1,737.8
240.6
244.2
349.9

72.0
8.5
6.8
10.2

78.4
9.2
7.9
13.1

75.5
9.0
8.2
12.0

4.3
3.7
2.9
3.0

4.5
3.8
3.2
3.8

4.3
3.8
3.3
3.4

365.0
40.3
73.8

371.4
41.4
74.3

370.0
41.0
73.2

15.8
1.7
2.8

14.9
1.5
2.7

15.6
1.8
2.2

4.3
4.1
3.8

4.0
3.6
3.7

4.2
4.5
3.0

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
D-1. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis LMA
Nashville

2,358.9
213.3
215.4
288.5
448.1
521.5

2,386.9
216.7
217.5
287.0
453.7
519.9

2,391.3
217.7
217.4
287.4
456.8
519.6

140.1
11.9
12.3
14.3
23.4
24.8

113.8
9.8
9.9
13.6
18.4
17.5

Texas1
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Midland
Odessa
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,424.5
53.7
101.3
426.1
164.7
83.8

8,427.7
53.5

8,452.3
53.7

99.9
421.1
165.8

564.9
3.0
5.5
24.6
15.5
6.2
12.5
2.4
13.7

614.5

99.5
421.3
165.7
85.3
102.2
59.2

100.9
58.0

159.4
1,484.6
243.7
699.1
112.0
1,654.4
97.5
47.3
81.2
116.0

146.6
50.2
53.7

159.8

1,466.7
247.4
700.6
109.9

86.0

103.9
58.9
160.7
1,473.2
249.9
708.6

109.3

1,679.4
98.6

1,681.8
98.3

49.5
81.4
116.6

81.4
116.3

150.9

49.6
52.3
45.1

49.6
152.3
49.6
52.8

5.9
26.4
16.3
6.6
13.2
3.0
14.3
87.4
27.4
42.7
8.8
109.9
7.8
6.0
7.5
7.3
25.3
3.5
4.9
2.7

Aug.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
1989P

119.1
10.4
9.7
15.3
20.0
19.5

5.9
5.6
5.7
5.0
5.2
4.8

4.8
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.1
3.4

5.0
4.8
4.4
5.3
4.4
3.8

609.7
3.8
5.8
25.3

6.7
5.6
5.4
5.8
9.4
7.4
12.4
4.2
8.6
5.4
10.0
5.8
8.1
6.2
7.3
11.1
7.7
5.1
15.8
5.2
7.0
5.8
7.6
5.9
8.0
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.4

7.3
7.1
5.9
6.3
9.8
7.7

7.2
7.0
5.9
6.0
9.2
7.5
13.2
4.8
8.9
6.1
10.6
6.5
7.6
6.4
7.6

16.8
7.0
9.4
6.0
8.1
6.2
7.6
7.8
6.6
6.3
6.6

17.7
6.7
9.3
6.1
7.9
5.8
7.0
7.5
6.5
6.8
6.4

15.3
6.4
13.7
2.8
14.2
89.3
26.6
46.1
8.3
108.3
7.5
5.6
7.2
6.5

26.9
3.3

13.0
5.0
9.0
6.0

11.1
6.1
8.0
6.5
7.9
12.0
9.3
6.2

11.3
8.8
5.6

792.0
110.9
518.6

39.2
4.6
25.1

30.9
4.2
18.9

31.4
4.2
19.5

5.1
4.3
5.0

3.9
3.8
3.7

4.0
3.8
3.8

311.7
77.8

307.1
76.4

6.1
1.4

11.6
2.3

11.0
2.3

2.0
1.8

3.7
2.9

3.6
3.0

3,140.1
66.2
52.5
70.4
625.5
449.2
123.3

3,217.0
67.0
53.7
72.0
634.3
467.5
124.3

3,215.8
67.1
53.8
72.7
633.8
467.7

120.2
2.1
3.3
3.0

101.8
1.4

124.4

4.9

2.9
2.6
22.9
14.0
4.1

95.9
1.6
2.4
2.5
22.4
13.6
3.4

3.8
3.2
6.3
4.3
4.5
3.3
3.9

3.2
2.0
5.4
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.3

3.0
2.4
4.6
3.4
3.5
2.9
2.7

2,321.8
1,028.8

2,433.7
1,091.6

2,422.8
1,094.2

138.3
48.8

140.4
49.8

129.5
45.1

6.0
4.7

5.8
4.6

5.3
4.1

750.0
116.5
126.2
71.4
72.3

776.8

774.0
122.1

71.1
10.1

130.7
74.8
74.3

10.1
4.9
5.1

56.5
6.0
7.9
3.7
3.9

57.1
6.8
7.6
4.0
3.9

9.5
8.7
8.0
6.8
7.1

7.3
4.9
6.0
5.1
5.3

7.4
5.6
5.8
5.4
5.3

2,604.3
174.1
72.3
107.8
73.5
55.6
56.6
222.2
770.2
91.4
62.3

2,666.6
176.8
74.5

112.3
75.5
55.3
60.2
228.5
783.0
94.4
65.1

2,636.0
175.1
73.4
112.1
74.4
53.9
59.5
226.9
777.7
94.5
64.1

97.1
5.4
2.6
3.8
3.0
3.9
1.9
5.1
27.6
4.0
2.3

108.0
6.7
2.7
4.2
4.7
4.8
2.2
5.5
28.9
4.7
2.5

101.0
6.1
2.5
4.0
4.8
4.1
1.8
5.7
28.7
4.6
2.3

3.7
3.1
3.5
3.5
4.1
7.0
3.4
2.3
3.6
4.4
3.6

4.0
3.8
3.6
3.7
6.3
8.7
3.6
2.4
3.7
5.0
3.9

3.8
3.5
3.4
3.5
6.5
7.6
3.1
2.5
3.7
4.8
3.5

234.0

228.6

225.3

13.6

14.0

13.5

5.8

6.1

6.0

44.8

613.6
48.0
58.4
75.8

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

770.3
106.5
503.4

789.1
108.9
516.3

Vermont
Burlington

300.0
75.4

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News..
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke
Washington
Seattle

121.5
131.2
74.1
74.0

1
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. See the
Explanatory Notes for State and Area Labor Force Data.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Estimates for 1988 have been




23.1
2.6
3.8
2.6
46.4
2.9
4.6
5.4
2.4

3.8

Aug.

5.8
3.8

36.9
93.1

615.0
48.0
58.7
76.0
36.7

37.1
93.5
57.7

Wyoming

80.2
24.3
40.5
9.1
103.1
7.1
5.2
6.2
6.0

July
1989

6.1
3.1

45.8
614.0
49.9
57.4
75.8

93.0
57.5

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
Wausau

Aug.

4.9
2.7
48.8
2.8
4.1
5.7
2.4
6.4
3.7

58.0

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

28.4
15.0

49.7
3.0
4.5
5.9
2.4

benchmarked to 1988 Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the
11 States designated by footnote 1, estimates for 1989 are provisional and will be
revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Area definitions are
published annually in the May issue of this publication.

151

Explanatory Notes

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a
sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over.
The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed, and the
unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race,
family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers
from a sample of over about 55,800 households, representing 729 areas in 1,973 counties and independent cities, with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on
nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The
employment, hours, and earnings series are currently based
on payroll reports from a sample of over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million nonagricultural wage and
salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part
time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th day of the month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are readily obtained only from the household
survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other
because of differences in definitions and coverage, sources
of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
152




have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the two
series are as follows.
Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and
other private household workers), self-employed persons,
unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the
survey week in family-operated enterprises, and members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. Civilian
employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons
holding more than one job are counted only once and are
classified according to the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the
figures based on establishment reports, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period
are counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were not
at work during the survey week—that is, were not working
but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management
disputes, or because they were taking time off for various
other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers
for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see
Gloria P. Green's article, "Comparing Employment Estimates From Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly
Labor Review, December 1969.
Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked
whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by

employers. In the household survey data, all persons with
a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll
survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during
the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures median earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the household
survey earnings series, see Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey, BLS Bulletin 2113.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA
WITH OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work
or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they
had been laid off, whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance
claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who
have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have
not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons
losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems
(some workers in agriculture, domestic services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and unpaid family
workers). Beginning in January 1978, coverage was extended
to include domestic workers whose employers paid $1,000
or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or more workers in
20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in wages in any
calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government
employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with
a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than




unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment,
see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment"
by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly
Labor Review.
Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of
Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the
inclusion of persons under 16 in the Economics and Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who
are counted more than once if they work on more than one
farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating
methods which cannot be readily measured in terms of their
impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two
series.

COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufactures and business. Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from
employment counts derived by the Bureau of Census from
its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts
of an establishment, such as central administrative offices
and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries
covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional
services, public utilities, and financial establishments,
whereas these are included in the BLS statistics.
County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns
(CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics
in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP
excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage
is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads,
parochial schools, and churches, are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in the BLS
establishment statistics.

153

Household Data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force,
and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of
the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed
description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods
Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current
Population Survey, BLS Report 463. Historical national data
are published in Labor Force Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey: A Databook, BLS Bulletin 2096.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent
the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field
interviewing is conducted in the following week.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age
are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations, and
are excluded from the population and labor force statistics
shown in this publication. Data on the members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States, who are included as
part of the categories "noninstitutional population," "labor
force," and "total employment." are obtained from the
Department of Defense.
Each month about 55,800 occupied units are eligible for
interview. About 2,600 of these households are visited but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not
at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of
between 4 and 5 percent. In addition to the 55,800 occupied
units, there are 11,500 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The
rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be
common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier.
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those used since 1967 are
as follows:
Employed persons are (a) all civilians who, during the survey week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their
own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who
worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise
operated by a member of the family; and (b) all those who
154




were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor- management disputes, or personal reasons,
whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other
jobs. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States are also included in the employed total.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who
held more than one job are counted in the job at which they
worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around the house (painting,
repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no employment during the survey week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to
find employment some time during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which
they had been laid off or were waiting to report to a new
job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for
work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment
represents the number of full weeks since the termination
of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or
more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the
present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single
weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the status
of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The
reasons for unemployment are divided into four major
groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work,
and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit
or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and
immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks
or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning
to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never
worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. Each
of these four categories of the unemployed may be expressed
as an unemployment rate or proportion of the entire civilian
labor force; the sum of the four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian workers.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made

specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week
period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include
those persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to
be called back to a job from which they had been laid off
or (b) were waiting to report to a new job within 30 days.
Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work,
including going to a public or private employment agency
or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some other
method. Examples of the " o t h e r " category include being
on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from
a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor
pickup point.
The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified
as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above. The labor force also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The overall unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force, including members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers represents
the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor
force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, including the resident
Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional population. The civilian
labor force participation rate is the ratio of the civilian labor
force to the civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor
force participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of
the noninstitutional population that is employed. The total
employment-population ratio is total employment, including
the resident Armed Forces, as a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civilian employment-population
ratio is the percentage of all employed civilians in the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as engaged in own home housework, in
school, unable to work because of long-term physical or mental illness, retired, and other. The " o t h e r " group includes
individuals reported as too old or temporarily unable to work,
the voluntarily idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an off season and who were not reported as looking for work, and persons who did not look for work because they believed that no jobs were available in the area
or that no jobs were available for which they could qualify—
discouraged workers. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid
family work (less than 15 hours in the specified week) are
also classified as not in labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work
experience, intentions to seek work, desire for a job at the




time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are
published on a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the
detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked
only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth
months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those
which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and
would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967
and 1969, these questions were asked in those households
entering the sample for the first time and those returning for
the second 4 months of interviewing, i.e., the "incoming"
groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two
or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The
unemployed are classified according to their last full-time
job lasting 2 weeks or more. The classifications of occupations and industries used in data derived from the CPS are
defined as in the 1980 census. Information on the detailed
categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies wage and salary
workers subdivided into private and government workers;
self-employed workers; and unpaid family workers. Wage
and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips,
or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for
profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or
operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or
in a business operated by a member of the household to whom
they are related by birth or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, persons who
normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even
though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working
in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey
week are designated as working full time. Persons who
worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working
part time. Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or noneconomic reasons). Economic reasons include:
Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of a job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. Noneconomic reasons include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands
of home or school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or
more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours for noneconomic
reasons and usually work full time.
Data on employment " a t w o r k " differ from data on total
employment because they exclude persons in the zero-hours155

worked category, "with a job but not at work." These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week
for such reasons as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute.
Employed persons are also categorized into full- and parttime groupings based primarily on their usual status. In this
context, full-time workers are those who (a) worked 35 hours
or more during the survey week, (b) worked 1 to 34 hours
for economic or noneconomic reasons, but usually work full
time, and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work full time. Similarly, part-time workers are those who
(a) voluntarily worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey week,
(b) worked 1 to 34 hours for economic reasons, but usually
work part time, i.e., persons who could only find part-time
work; and (c) were with a job but not at work and usually
work part time.
Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
calculated using the concepts of the fall- and part-time labor
force which are based on the type of job—full or part-time—
that persons—whether working or unemployed—report that
they want. The "full-time labor force" includes all persons
working part time but who desire full-time work, that is,
working part time for economic reasons. Thus, this category
consists of persons on full-time schedules; all persons involuntarily working part time regardless of their usual status; and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The
"part-time labor force" consists of persons working part time
voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work.
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed
according to whether they usually work on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost
to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming that;
(1) unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an
average of 37.5 hours, (2) those looking for part-time work
lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference
between 37.5 hours and the actual number of hours they
worked.
White, black, and other are terms used to describe the race
of workers. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
All tables in this publication which contain racial data, with
the exception of A-5 and its annual counterpart, present data
for the black population group. Because of their relatively
small sample size, data for "other" races are not published.
In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves
in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living
on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American, or of
other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic ori-

156




gin may be of any race; thus they are included in both the
white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces of the United States between August 5, 1964, and
May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women
are excluded. Nonveterans are men who never served in the
Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from responses
to the question ' 'How much does.. .USUALLY earn per week
at this job before deductions?" Included are any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received. The term
"usual" is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked
during the past 4 or 5 months. Data refer to wage and salary
workers (excluding the incorporated self-employed) who
usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings indicate the value which divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one part having values
above the median and the other having values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within
which each median falls.
Data expressed in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status are terms used to define the marital status of
individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present,
applies to husband and wife if both were reported as members of the same household even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital,
etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of marital discord, as well as persons who are living apart because
either the husband or the wife was employed and living away
from home, serving in the Armed Forces, or had a different
place of residence for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit.
A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for
occupancy as separate living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in
whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term
is never applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple
families but relates only to persons in families maintained
by either men or women without a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption; all
such persons are considered as members of one family even
though they may include a related subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child group related by birth or marriage to the householder and sharing the living quarters. The

count of families used in this publication excludes unrelated
subfamilies such as lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the householder. Families are classified either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in which the
householder is either single, widowed, divorced, or married,
spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families exclude all
those in which there is no wage or salary earner or in which
the husband, wife, or other persons maintaining the family
is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas are defined as those census tracts in tracted
areas, and Minor Civil Division's (MCD's) in untracted
areas, in which 20 percent or more of the noninstitutional
residents were poor according to the 1980 decennial census.
Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by comparing
money income to a series of poverty income thresholds which
vary by family size and number of children. While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents, many poor persons live outside these areas, and conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total
of all Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA'S) as defined by
the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as of June 30,
1983. These definitions differ from those used in the 1980
decennial census. A detailed discussion of the MSA definitions as well as changes in terminology can be found in "The
New Metropolitan Area Definitions" section of the 1980
Census of Population Supplementary Report on Metropolitan Statistical Areas, PC-SI-18. Nonmetropolitan areas consist of the total territory outside MSA's.
The urban population, as defined for the 1980 census,
comprises all persons living in urbanized areas and in places
of 2,500 or more inhabitants outside urbanized areas. More
specifically, the urban population consists of all persons living in (1) places of 2,500 or more inhabitants incorporated
as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New
York), and towns (except in the New England States, New
York, and Wisconsin), but excluding those persons living
in the rural portions of extended cities; and (2) other territories, incorporated and unincorporated, included in urbanized
areas. The population not classified as urban constitutes the
rural population.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
Change in lower age limit
The lower age limit for official statistics on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment was raised from 14 to 16
years of age in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a detailed
discussion of this and other definitional changes introduced
at that time, including estimates of their effect on the various series, see "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment," Employment and Earnings and Monthly




Report on the Labor Force, February 1967.

Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the changes introduced in 1967, there are
several other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (l)Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by about
350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and men;
other categories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000
in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of
data from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Beginning
in 1972, information from the 1970 census was introduced
into the estimation procedures, increasing the population by
about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were
raised by a little more than 300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent
population adjustment based on the 1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This adjustment, which affected
the white and black-and-other groups but had little effect on
totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the
black-and-other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white
labor force was reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other
labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected.
In addition, beginning in January 1974, the methodology
used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an inflation-deflation
approach. This change in the derivation of the estimates had
its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old men—
particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had
little effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and
over. Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation", in the February 1974
issue of Employment and Earnings.
Effective in July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and
black-and-other independent population controls for persons
16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were in
the other population.
Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures
resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the civilian labor
157

force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural
changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978"
in the February 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was
determined by the household respondent for the incoming
rotation group households, rather than by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change was to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October
1978, one-eighth of the sample households had race determined by the household respondent and seven-eighths of the
sample households had race determined by interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that the entire sample had race determined by the household respondent. The
new procedure had no significant effect on the estimates.
Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio estimation
method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the
total United States. The reasoning behind the change and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
1979 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect
on national estimates of labor force characteristics appear
in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning
in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of Employment
and Earnings. In addition, current population estimates used
in the second-stage estimation procedure were derived
from information obtained from the 1980 census, rather than
the 1970 census. This change caused substantial increases
in total population and estimates of persons in all labor force
categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however,
remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article cited above. The revisions did not,
however, smooth out the breaks in series occurring between
1972 and 1979 that are described above, and data users
should make allowances for them in making certain data comparisons.
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment
methodology was updated to account for results obtained
from the 1980 census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February
1983 issue of Employment and Earnings. There were only
slight differences between the old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics
and virtually no differences in estimates of participation rates.
Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the CPS
estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment, the first
and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite
158




estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in
the Estimating Methods section. A description of the changes
and an indication of their effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation
Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1985" in the February 1985 issue of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight effect on most
estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons
of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were revised back to
January 1980.
Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment methodology were revised to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and
an improved estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreign-born residents for the same time period. As a
result, the total civilian population and labor force estimates
were raised by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin civilian population and labor force estimates were raised by about 425,000
and 305,000, respectively, and civilian employment by
270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and
rates were not significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data have been revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An
explanation of the changes and their effect on estimates of
labor force characteristics appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the February 1986 issue of this
publication.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 census that were
introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further affected
in December 1971, when a question relating to major activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire
in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisions of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment and
Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. These systems differ from those
developed for the 1970 census, which were used in the CPS
from January 1971 through December 1982.
The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved

from the Standard Occuptional Classification system (soc).
While the CPS occupational data are now comparable with
other data sources, the new system is so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers". Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census is based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification
system (SIC), as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new
system had a much less adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were the transfer of farm
equipment stores from "retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal
service from "public administration" to "transportation",
and some interchange between "professional and related
services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational
and industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983"
in the February 1983 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Changes in the sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these
changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the
sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is
to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, the number of sample areas
and the number of sample persons are increased occasionally. In 1953, the current rotation plan was introduced, in
which a sample unit is interviewed for 4 months, leaves the
sample for 8 months, and then returns to the sample for
another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to account for
the population in these States. After the 1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address
lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous
cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster
of four housing units. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable
annual average estimates for States, was incorporated into
the design. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample, composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represented 237,000 occupied mobile homes and
600,000 new construction housing units, was included in
computing the estimates in order to provide coverage of mo-




bile homes and new construction units that previously had
no chance for selection in the CPS sample selected from the
1970 census frame. In January 1980, another supplemental
sample of 9,000 households selected in 32 States and the District of Columbia was added to the existing sample. A sample reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. Beginning in January 1982, the sample was expanded
by 100 households to provide additional coverage in counties added to SMSA's, which were redefined in 1973.
Beginning in 1985, a new State-based CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information rather than 1970 census
information. The selection of new sample areas provided an
opportunity to improve the efficiency of the sample design.
Sample areas chosen to replace incoming sample areas account
for only 10 percent of the national estimate. The new CPS sample has resulted in increased reliability for State estimates with
a slightly reduced sample size. Sample households are chosen
from 729 sample areas, which represent 1,973 geographic areas
in the United States. This current number of sample areas is
not completely comparable to the old number of sample areas
since many of the sample areas have been redefined. (See pp.
7-10 of the May 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings, for
an overview of these new definitions and the introduction of
the new sample.) A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was implemented in April 1988.
Table A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS
sample design in use during the different data collection
periods. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in the Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of
the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived From the Current Population Survey,
Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Beginning in 1985, almost all sample persons
within the same State have the same probability of selection.
These estimates are then adjusted for noninterviews, and the
ratio estimation procedure is applied.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately by combinations
of similar sample areas that are not necessarily contained
within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within
159

Table A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to date
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954 .
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956 .
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 .
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966 .
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972 .
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977 .
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979 .
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981 .
May 1981 to Dec. 1984 .
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988 .
Apr. 1988 to present.

Number of sample
areas

68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
1

Households eligible
Interviewed
21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600

Households visited but
not eligible

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage
in each State and the District of Columbia

2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and
Hawaii after statehood.

each combination of sample areas there is a further breakdown by residence. MSA sample areas are categorized by
"central city" and "balance of the MSA". Residence
categories of non-MSA areas are "urban" and "rural". The
proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from
4 to 5 percent, depending on weather, vacation, etc.

further reduce variability of the estimates and to correct to some
extent for CPS undercoverage relative to the decennial census, is carried out in three steps. In the first step, the sample
estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of
Columbia to an independent control for the population 16
years and over. The second step involves an adjustment by
Hispanic origin to a national estimate for eight age-sex
categories by Hispanic and non-Hispanic. In the third step,
a national adjustment is made by the race categories of white,
black, and other races to independent estimates by age and
sex. The white and black categories contain 32 age-sex
groups each; the other races category has 6 age-sex cells.
The entire second-stage adjustment procedure is iterated six
times, each time beginning at the weights developed the
previous time. This ensures that the sample estimates of the
population for both State and national age-sex-race-origin
categories will be virtually equal to the independent population control totals. This second-stage adjustment procedure
incorporates changes instituted in January 1985. The nature
and effect of these changes are discussed in detail in
"Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February
1985 issue of Employment and Earnings.
The controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of
the trend in the growth of this segment of the population using the two most recent July 1 estimates, adjusted as a last
step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group.
State estimates by age for July 1 are published annually in
Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description
of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 957 of that series. A description of the age estimates
methodology is available in Report 1010 of that series.
Prior to January 1985, there was no separate control for
Hispanics in the second-stage ratio procedure. These Hispanic controls are prepared by carrying forward the 1980 census count for Hispanics by adding estimated Hispanic births
and immigrants and subtracting estimated Hispanic deaths

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected
for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that
of the population as a whole in such characteristics as age,
race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey
estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the
729 sample areas is chosen to represent other areas not in
the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only
themselves. The first-stage ratio estimation procedure was
designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from
requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which
represent only themselves. The adjustment is made at the
State level for each of the 43 States which contain nonsample areas by race cells of black and non-black. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each cell at the
time of the 1980 census between the race distribution of the
population in sample areas and the known race distribution
of the State.
b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample
proportions of persons in specific categories are adjusted to
the distribution of independent current estimates of the
civilian noninstitutional population in the same categories.
The second-stage ratio adjustment, which is performed to
160




and emigrants to yield an estimate of the Hispanic population
by age and sex.
During the period from January 1982 to December 1984,
the "inflation-deflation" method was temporarily discontinued
in the preparation of the independent national controls used for
the age-sex-race groups in the third step of the second-stage
ratio estimation procedure. These controls were prepared by
carrying forward the 1980 census data after taking account of
subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and net
migration and then subtracting the estimate for the institutional population and Armed Forces. Beginning in January 1985,
the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent population controls was reintroduced into the CPS estimation procedure. With the "inflation-deflation" method, the independent
controls are prepared by inflating the 1980 census counts to
include estimated undercounts by age, sex and race, aging this
population forward to each subsequent month and later age by
adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These
post-censal population estimates are then deflated to census level
to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. Because an estimate of undercount
is first added and then subtracted, the size of each race-sex
group is unaffected by the "inflation-deflation" method. Similarly, the final estimate is affected only by the age structure
of the undercount, but not the level. This feature of the method
is important since the exact amount of undercount in the 1980
census remains unknown.
D«*a on births and deaths between April 1, 1980, and the
estimate date are based on tabulations of vital statistics for the
resident population made by the National Center for Health
Statistics and data on deaths of military personnel overseas from
the Department of Defense. Estimates of net civilian immigration are based on data provided by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, the Department of Defense, the Office
of Personnel Management, and the Puerto Rico Planning Board.
The civilian noninstitutional population is derived by subtracting the Armed Forces and the institutional population for the
estimate date from the total including Armed Forces overseas.
The institutional population is computed by applying institutional proportions derived from the 1980 census to the total
population, including Armed Forces overseas for the estimate
date. All computations described above are performed in cells
defined by single year of age, race, and sex. The independent
national control totals are then obtained by collapsing these cells
into broader age groups for the population 16 years and older.
Beginning in January 1986, two changes were introduced
into the estimation of the independent population controls. For
the first time, an explicit allowance for net undocumented immigration since April 1, 1980 (the census date) was added to
the estimated level of legal immigration. In addition, an increase in the estimate of emigration of legal foreign-born residents has been incorporated into the postcensal population
estimates since 1980. The nature and effect of these changes
are discussed in detail in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January
1986" in the February 1986 issue of Employment and Earnings.




3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a
given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which
takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent), as well as the sample
results for the current month. Also included is an additional
term which is an estimate of the net difference between incoming and continuing parts of the current month's sample. Almost
all estimates of month-to-month change are improved by this
procedure, and most estimates of level are also improved, but
to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding
of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Similarly,
sums of percent distributions may not always equal 100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The Ml extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify
some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS , as discussed
below. The effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by
the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases
in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall
information, errors made in collection such as in recording or
coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made
in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent
all sample households and all persons within sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate,
among other things, that the data published from the CPS are
subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS
reinterview program and some of the other results may be found
in the Current Population Survey Reinterview Program,
161

January 1961 Through December 1966, Technical Paper No.
19, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan
used for the sample, since the level of the estimates varies
by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in
"The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates From
Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March
1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Compared to the level of the decennial census, undercoverage
is about 6 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage
varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally,
undercoverage is larger for men than for women, and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other races combined than for
whites. Ratio estimation to independent age-sex-raceHispanic origin population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-Hispanic origin group. Further, the independent population controls used
have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 1980 census.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in "An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey," by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and
Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of error and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.
Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure
of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, ranges
that would include the average of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the
same general conditions and using the same sample design,
and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from
each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one
standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
162




standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the average of all possible
samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2
standard errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above
the estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared
at a moderate cost, a number of approximations are required.
First, the standard errors in this volume reflect the sample
design and estimation procedures in effect prior to the expansions for State estimates. Thus, these standard errors may
slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present
design. Second, instead of computing an individual standard
error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors
are computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors.
Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an
indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error
of an estimate rather than the precise standard error.
Tables B and C show approximate standard errors for
major employment status characteristics for monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.
Tables D through H provide generalized standard errors
for monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated
totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table I contains factors for use with table H for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and
month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for
intermediate values not shown in the table may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely
related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to the
size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-tomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it
is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors
for month-to-month change apply only to estimates of change
between 2 consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table J contains factors for use with tables D, F, H, and I to
compute approximate standard errors for levels, labor force
participation rates, and percentages as pertaining to the yearto-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages,
changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note that standard errors for changes in
quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive
quarters and years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample
size. For years prior to 1956, the standard errors should be
multiplied by 1.50, and for the 1956-66 period they should
be multiplied by 1.22. Table K provides generalized standard

Table B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(in thousands)
Standard error of—

Employment status, sex,
age, and race

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force .
Employed . . .
Unemployed .

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth
change
(consecutive
months only)

275
293
136

212
224
140

173
186
93

151
163
95

211
212
83

155
160
87

88
92
59

94
102
66

94
104
68

73
79
71

59
64
44

51
57
47

76
76
45

50
54
48

36
33
30

40
38
33

errors for quarterly estimates of persons and families for use
with the CPS earnings data.
Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables D and E provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for
month-to-month change. The figures given in these tables
are to be used for the characteristics as indicated.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000,
an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table D shows that the
standard error on an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 174,000.
The 68-percent confidence interval as shown by these data
is from 11,826,000 to 12,174,000. Therefore, a conclusion
that the average estimate derived from all possible samples
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct
for roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. Recall that
the standard error of a month-to-month change is primarily
dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using
linear interpolation in the first column of table E, the standard error on a month-to-month change of 400,000, when the
monthly level is approximately 12,000,000, is about 129,000.
Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability
of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and
denominator, depends upon both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is
based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more

Table C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major characteristics
Standard error of—
Characteristic

Characteristic
Monthly level

Total (all civilian workers)
Men, 20 years and over . . .
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
White workers.
Black workers
Married men, spouse present . . .
Married women, spouse present.
Full-time workers .
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over .

0.11
.15
.16
.67
.11
.51
.15
.19
.12
.34
.06

Consecutivemonth change

0.12
.15
.17
.81
.12
.54
.17
.21
.12
.42
.07

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial . .
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support.
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical .
Private household .
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective.




Standard error of—

.22
.19
.47
.29
23
1.18
.76

.24
.21
.52
.33
.26
1.33
.85

.39

.43

Monthly level

Occupation—Continued
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

Consecutivemonth change

0.32

0.36

.49
.59

.55
.66

.72
.68

.82
.76

.12
1.63
.65
.26
.33
.42

.13
1.86
.75
.29
.37
.47

.42
.27
.20
.23
1.16

.48
.30
.22
.25
1.32

Industry
Nonagncultural private wage and salary
workers .
Mining
Construction . .
Manufacturing . . .
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade .
Finance and services.
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers.

163

reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator
of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than
75,000, the quarterly average base is less than 60,000, or
the annual average base is less than 35,000.
Tables F and G show generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for unemployment
rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated month-to-month change in percentage can be obtained through the use of the standard errors
in table H and the factors in table I. First, obtain the standard error from table H for the specific percentage and base.
The generalized standard error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table H by the appropriate
factor from table I. When the numerator and denominator
of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor
indicated by the numerator of the percentage.
Illustration. Assume that in a given month 2.9 percent of a
total of 112,440,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. The standard error on an estimate of 2.9 percent with
a base of 112,440,000 is obtained from table H (0.08 percent).
The appropriate factor from table I for the numerator of the
percentage, agricultural employment, is 1.26. The generalized
standard error on the estimated 2.9 percent is then approximately 0.08 x 1.26 = 0.10 percentage point.

Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages, and changes in yearly averages. The approximate
standard errors of levels, rates, and percentages involving
year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table
J in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for
estimates of change are more closely related to the level of
the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus,
to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level,
rate, or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate,
or percentage, it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate,
or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate, or percentage, find the
standard error of the average of the two estimates affecting
the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from
table J to obtain the approximate standard error for the
average or change.
Illustration. Suppose that one is interested in the year-to-year
change of a monthly unemployment rate. Assume that for
a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.2 percent, based
on a total of 119,865,000 in the civilian labor force, and that

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Unemployment

Labor force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Agricultural
employment

50 . .
100 .
500 ..
1,000 .
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000.
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000.
120,000.
140,000.

15
21
47
66
93
131
159
182
202
_

Tntril or

Total or
white

Black

Total or
white

Black

11
16
36
51
72
101
123
141
156
188
213
_

12
17
38
53
73
97
110
116
-

12
17
37
52
74
104
126
145
161
193
219
259
286
306
319
326
327
314
274
195

12
17
37
51
70
92
104\
109
108
74

1
When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group
which is a subset of the age, sex, or race groups listed, use the standard
error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the standard error

164




Total or
white men Black men
white, 16 to Black, 16 to
only, or
only, or
19
years
19 years
women only women only

12
17
36
50
68
86
92
88
72
_

12
16
32
35
_

11
15
34
49
68
95
115
132
145
172
191
215
225
222
206
172
107

10
14
31
43
58
73
76
69
47

of the estimated number of employed persons age 20 to 54 years, use
the column for total employed.

Table E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(in thousands)
Characteristic1
Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural
employment

Unemployment
Estimated monthly level
Both sexes 16
to 19 years,
Total or white or part-time
labor force2
14
20
45
63
89
124
150

13
18
40
56
78
108
129
144
157
177
184

50 ..
100.
500 ..
1,000
2,000 .
4,000 .
6,000 .
8,000 . .
10,000 .
15,000
20,000 .
30,000 .
40,000
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 . .
100,000 .
120,000 .
140,000 .

Black

13
19
41
57
76
95
99
89
58
-

See footnote 1, table D.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentenng

a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 7.0 percent,
based on a total of 117,834,000 in the civilian labor force
for the month. First, the standard error on the average of
the two estimates, 6.6 percent with a base of 118,850,000,
is obtained from table F (0.11 percentage point). The appropriate factor, then, from table J is 1.40. The approximate
standard error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given
by 0.11 x 1.40 = 0.15 percentage point.
The approximate standard error of levels involving yearto-year change of quarterly estimates pertaining to CPS earnings data for persons and families may be obtained by using
table K in conjunction with the following formula:
Standard
error of
year-to-year
change =

//Stand-\

( ard J

2

/stand-\

2

( ard j

f \ error I + \ error

I-2(P)

/standA
f
ard |
I error J
\ * /

/stand-^
I ard
\ error
\
y>

Black, 16 to
Total or white
19 years

14
20
38
41




Total or white, Black, 16 to
19 years
16 to 19 years

14
20
43
59
80
100
104
94
65
-

9
12
27
38
52
68
78
82
81
59
-

14
19
37
39
-

the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of
unemployment.

lation between the estimates X and Y resulting from the
presence of some of the same respondents in the sample for
each estimate. For consecutive year-to-year changes of quarterly estimates, the values of P are 0.30 for persons (total,
white, and black) and 0.35 for families (total, white, and
black). The respective values for estimates of Hispanics are
0.45 and 0.55.
Illustration. Assume that in a given quarter the number of
women employed as full-time wage and salary workers was
27,000,000 and in the same quarter a year later, their number had increased to 29,000,000. Using linear interpolation
in the eighth column of table K, the standard error of an estimate of 27,000,000 is 216,000; for 29,000,000 it is
221,000. Using the above formula, the standard error of the
2,000,000 year-to-year change is:

(216,000)2

X is the estimate for one quarter and Y is the estimate for
another quarter. The coefficient, P, is a measure of the corre-

9
12
27
39
55
77
93
107
119
143
163
192
213
228
238
244
245
237
212
160

Black

+

(221.000)2

-2(.30)

(216,000)

(221,000),

or about 259,000.

165

Table F. Standard errors for unemployment i•ates
Monthly/ unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50 .
100.
500.
1,000
2,000
4,000 .
6,000
10,000 .
20,000
60,000
100,000 .
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

25

2.28
1.61
.72
.51
.36
.25
.21
.16
.11
.07
.05
.05
.04

3.20
2.26
1.01
.72
.51
.36
.29
.23
.16
.09
.07
.07
.06

4.98
3.52
1.58
1.11
.79
.56
.45
.35
.25
.14
.11
.10
.09

6.85
4.84
2.16
1.53
1.08
.77
.62
.48
.34
.20
.15
.14
.13

8.13
5.75
2.57
1.82
1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41
.24
.18
.17
.15

9.09
6.43
2.88
2.03
1.44
1.02
.83
.64
.45
.26
.20
.19
.17

9.82
6.94
3.11
2.20
1.55
1.10
.90
.69
.49
.28
.22
.20
.19

30

35

50

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.95
.73
.52
.30
.23
.21
.20

10.75
7.60
3.40
2.40
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.31
.24
.22
.21

11.12
7.87
3.52
2.49
1.76
1.24
1.02
.79
.56
.32
.25
.23
.21

30

35

50

Table G. Standard errors for month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly/ unemployment rate (percent)
Monthly base of unemployment rate
(in thousands)
50. .
100
500 ..
1,000
2,000 .
4,000
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 . .
100,000
120,000
140,000

1

2

5

10

15

20

2.53
1.79
.80
.57
.40
.28
.23
.18
.13
.07
.06
.05
.05

3.57
2.52
1.13
.80
.56
.40
.33
.25
.18
.10
.08
.07
.07

5.60
3.96
1.77
1.25
.88
.63
.51
.39
.28
.16
.12
.11
.10

7.83
5.53
2.47
1.75
1.23
.87
.71
.55
.38
.21
.15
.14

9.47
6 69
2.99
2.11
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.46
.24
.17
.15

10.79
7.63
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.97
.75
.51
.27
.18

25
11.91
8.42
3.76
2.65
1.87
1.32
1.07
.82
.56
.28

12.87
9.10
4.06
2.87
2.02
1.42
1.15
.88
.60

13.71
9.69
4.33
3.05
2.15
1.51
1.22
.93
.62

15.67
11.08
4.94
3.48
2.44
1.70
1.37
1.03
_

Table H. Standard errors for estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(in thousands)
50.
100 .
500 .
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000 .
10,000 .
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000 . .
100,000
120,000 .
140,000
160,000

1 or 99

2 or 98

5 or 95

10 or 90

15 or 85

20 or 80

2.34
1.65
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.17
.12
.08
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04
.04

3.29
2.33
1.04
.74
.52
.37
.30
.23
.16
.12
.10
.08
.07
.07
.06
.06

5.12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.26
.18
.15
.13
.11
.10
.10
.09

7.05
4.99
2.23
1.58
1.12
.79
.64
.50
.35
.25
.20
.18
.16
.14
.13
.12

8.39
5.94
2.65
1.88
1.33
.94
.77
.59
.42
.30
.24
.21
.19
.17
.16
.15

9.40
6.65
2.97
2.10
1.49
1.05
.86
.66
.47
.33
.27
.24
.21
.19
.18
.17

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in
table I to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific characteristic

166




25 or 75
10.18
7.20
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14
.93
.72
.51
.36
.29
.25
.23
.21
.19
.18

30 or 70
10.77
7.62
3.41
2.41
1.70
1.20
.98
.76
.54
.38
.31
.27
.24
.22
.20
.19

35 or 65
11.21
7.93
3.55
2.51
1.77
1.25
1.02
.79
.56
.40
.32
.28
.25
.23
.21
.20

50
11.75
8.31
3.72
2.63
1.86
1.31
1.07
.83
.59
.42
.34
.29
.26
.24
.22
.21

Table I. Factors to be used with table H to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and month-to-month
change in percentages
Factor

Factor
Characteristic

Characteristic

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force.
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment.
Total
Men only...
Women only
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Part-time labor force.

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.26
1.26

1.05
1.50
.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Monthly level

Month-tomonth change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration of
unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .
Black:
Total
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

Table J. Factors to be used with tables D, F, H, and I to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages,
and change in yearly averages

Quarterly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.40

0.89
.83
.74

1.30
1.30
1.40

.88
.82
.74

1.40
1.40

.76
.69

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

OOO

Year-to-year
change of monthly
estimate

0.72
.58
.46

0.70
.70
.70

OOOOOO

Characteristic

.67
.57
.46

.70
.70
.60

0000

Factor

.50
.39

.65
.54

Change in
quarterly
averages

bobobo

Total or men
Women or teenagers (16 to 19 years).
Part time

o

Agricultural employment:

Unemployment:
Total . . .
Part time.




bobo

Total or white
Black or teenagers (16 to 19 years) .
Part time

oo bo bo

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:

167

Table K. Standard errors for estimates of quarterly levels, to be used with CPS earnings data
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Women

Men

Total
Estimated quarterly level
Part-time
workers

10 .
50 .
75 ..
100 .
150 .
200 .
250 .
300 .
500 .
750 ..
1,000 .
1,500.
2,000 .
2,500 .
3,000 .
5,000 .
7,500 . .
10,000.
15,000.
20,000 .
25,000 .
30,000 .
40,000 .
50,000 .
75,000 . .
100,000.

168




5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
76
83
107
130
149
180
205
226
224
273
296
331
343

Total or
white
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
85
93
119
145
165
198
224
244
261
286
301
304
255

Total, full-time, or
part-time workers

Total or full-time workers

Total or full-time workers
Part-time
workers
Black
5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
46
53
63
72
79
85
100
107
102
102
_

5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
144
187
192
207
219
233
-

Total

White

Black

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
117
140
157
183
199
209
212
201
160
160
-

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
30
38
47
54
66
76
84
92
116
138
155
179
193
199
198
174
100
_

5
12
15
17
21
24
27
29
37
45
50
59
65
69
71
64
64

Total or
white
5
11
13
15
19
22
24
26
34
42
48
59
68
75
82
105
127
145
173
195
211
224
242
249

Black
5
11
13
15
19
21
24
26
33
41
46
56
63
69
74
85
88
_

Establishment Data
(Tables B-1 through C-8)

Payroll reports provide current information on wage and
salary employment and hours and earnings in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Historical statistics are published in Employment, Hours, and
Earnings, United States, 1909-84, and Employment, Hours,
and Earnings, States and Areas, 1939-82 and their supplements.

industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and areas are classified in accordance with
the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM),
Office of Management and Budget. The BLS tabulates and
estimates statistics which distinguish between private and
public establishments, thus maintaining continuity with previously published statistics for the private and government
sector.

Federal-State cooperation

Industry employment

Under cooperative arrangements, responding establishments report employment, hours, and earnings data to State
agencies. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments
and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the reported data to prepare State
and area series and also send the reported data to the BLS
(Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. This avoids a duplicate reporting burden on establishments, and, together with the use of similar estimating
techniques at the national and State levels, promotes increased
comparability between estimates.

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received
pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th
of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency also
are excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave
without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were
hired but have not yet reported during the period.

COLLECTION

Shuttle schedules
Form BLS 790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours is the name of the data collection schedule. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each
month so that the next month's data can be entered on the
space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting,
since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the total number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, employment, payroll, and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified
into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
Since January 1980, this information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports
filed by employers. For an establishment making more than
one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the




Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-7).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of
the change in employment over the specified time span. The
overall indexes are calculated from 349 seasonally adjusted
employment series (three-digit industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. The
manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 141 three-digit
industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned
a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on whether its
employment showed a decrease, no change, or an increase,
respectively, over the time span. The average value (mean) is
then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent, the
value which indicates that the same number of component
industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above
50 show that more industries had increasing employment, and
169

values below 50 indicate that more had decreasing employment.
The margin between the percent that increased and the percent
that decreased is equal to the difference between the index and
its complement, i.e., 100 minus the index. For example, an
index of 65 percent means that 30 percent more industries had
increasing employment than had decreasing employment
(65-(100-65)=30). However, for dispersion analysis, the
distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference
point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the time
span, it should be remembered that the index reflects half of
the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of
assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged components
when computing the index.)
Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports
of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in
manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private serviceproducing industries.
Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing,
assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance,
repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant),
recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the
above production operations:
Construction workers include the following employees in
the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified
craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers,
etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair,
maintenance, etc., whether working at the site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting
and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the
construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services are
closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union
dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacation,
and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless




earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not
earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay); tips;
and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in
kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and
other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc.,
paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for during the pay period which
includes the 12th of the month for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received
directly from the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because
the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either
the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay
period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and
holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were
paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled
hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further
reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate
weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current month's
aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1977.
For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product
of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry
aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component
aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates,
receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus
straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime
hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month to month; for example, overtime
premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time
workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse
trends at the industry group level also may be caused by a
marked change in hours for a component industry where little
or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current
months. In addition, such factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence
on overtime hours as on average hours.
170

Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on
a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable
factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They
also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers'
earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups
and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly
earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items,
payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by
employers, and earnings for those employees not covered
under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage
payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft
(SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods
apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this series include lump-sum payments made to production workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments
are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls used to
calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in sic 3721 and SIC 3761
covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year and
cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread the
payment across this time period, a prorated portion of the
payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated
portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lump-sum
amount to account for persons who received the payment but
left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly
earnings, excluding overtime premium pay, are computed
by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours
and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are
made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time
and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are
based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of
the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC




group I) who received pay during the month. Average hourly
earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total
hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly
basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also
by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not
paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-time trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For
example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries
and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings, or earnings in constant dollars, are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for
Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPi-w).
ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate
employment for the establishment statistics are (1) the use
of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio
estimation; (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels
to new benchmarks; and (3) the use of size and regional
stratification.
The 'link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for
both the previous and current months, the ratio of currentmonth employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and
nonproduction workers together) for the current month are
obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month
by these link relatives. In addition, bias correction factors
are applied to selected employment estimates each month.
The size of the bias correction factors is determined from
past benchmark comparisons. Beginning with data for April
1983, these factors are modified by changes in the sample
link relatives for the most recent quarter. Other features of
the general procedures are described in table L.
Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establish-

ment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisory worker data are used to weight the hours and
earnings for aggregation into broader industry groupings.
Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment,
hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods in table L, may be a whole
industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with

benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment) for the
various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1987 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State
unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations cover about
98 percent of employees on nonagricultural payrolls in the
United States. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained
from the records of the Social Security Administration, the

Table L. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or
region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division and,
where stratified, industry)

Monthly data
All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by
ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments
which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by
(1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to
all employees in sample establishments for current
month, (2) estimated ratio of women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates,
or estimates of women employees, for component cells.

Average weekly hours .

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by
number of production or nonsupervisory workers.2

Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisory
worker employment, of the average weekly hours for
component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours.

Production worker overtime hours divided by number
of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of
the average weekly overtime hours for component cells.

Average hourly earnings .

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll
divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker
hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average
hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

All employees.

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and
production or nonsupervisory workers .

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Average weekly hours .

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by average
weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Average weekly overtime hours .

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production
worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production
workers divided by annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Average hourly earnings .

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by weekly
hours and hourly earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual
aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings.

Average weekly earnings.

• The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by bias adjustment factors, which compensate for the underrepresentation of newly formed
enterprises and other sources of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly
hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by

172




a wedging technique designed to compensate for changes in the sample arising
mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure
accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample and,
at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

Interstate Commerce Commmission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with
new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are
necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted between the new benchmark and
the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month
by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the
benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the
sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in
the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions
made at the time of the March 1987 benchmark adjustment
is shown in table M.
Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been ajusted are subject to revision. Revised data are
published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the establishment survey is
known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design
among strata since the sampling variance is proportional
to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty.
The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost
considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high
proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively
few establishments, a larger percent of total employment is
included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large
establishments, with only a few chosen from among the
smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of
employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is
in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclu-

sion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and
services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources,
it is necessary to design samples for these industries with
a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case
for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show
less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than
do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller
samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS establishment survey program,
with its emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost,
a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of
a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to
produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after the reference period, and, at a somewhat later date,
statistics in considerably greater industrial detail.
Coverage
The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table N shows the latest benchmarks and the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly
employment data. The coverage for individual industries
within the division may vary from the proportions shown.
Table N. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1988

Industry

Total .

Table M. Comparison of nonagricutural employment benchmarks
and estimates for March 1988
(In thousands)
Industry

Total .
Mining
Construction .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government




Percent
difference

Benchmark

Estimate

103,835

104,161

-0.3

711
4,686
19,171

723
4,787
19,302

-1.7
-2.2
-.7

5,437
5,926
18,551

5,473
6,016
18,612

-.7
-1.5
-.3

6,594
25,103
17,656

6,599
24,978
17,671

-.1
.5
-.1

Mining . . .
Construction . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate .
Services . . . .
Government:
Federal.
State. .
Local

Benchmarks
(thousands)

Sample coverage1
Mi irYihor
INUFI IU"f

r\i
\J\

establishments

Employees
Number Percent of
(thou- benchmarks
sands)

103,835

262,856

38,922

37

711
4,686
19,171

3,361
24,924
49,889

276
917
9,483

39
20
49

5,437
5,926
18,551

214,091
22,810
49,015

22,482
1,062
3,704

46
18
20

6,594
25,103

19,711
58,713

2,126
5,795

32
23

2,964
4,151
10,541

(3)
4,883
15,459

2,964
3,406
6,707

100
82
64

1
Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Since not all establishments
report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based
on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count o':
employment for Class I railroads.
3
Total Federal employment counts for use in national estimates are provided
to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for
the Executive Branch, as well as State and area estimates of Federal employment,
are based on a sample of 5,000 reports covering about 56 percent of employment
in Federal establishments.

173

Reliability
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the
same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the
previous section, a link relative technique is used to estimate
employment. This requires the use of the previous month's
estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated
error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new
benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates
for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which
are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are
adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed
industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes
in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table O presents
the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of
individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau
upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for basic estimating cells
are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however,
are subject to sampling errors, which may be expressed as
Table O. Average benchmark revision in employment
estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings by industry
(In percent)

Industry

Total .
Total private.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods . . . .
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services . . .
Government3

Relative)
Average
benchmark
revision in
estimates Average
of employ- weekly
hours
ment1

error2
Average
hourly
earnings

0.2
.3
2.2
1.8
.7
.7
.9
.4
1.0
.7
.3
.3
.3

0.1
1.0
.2
.1
.1
.1
.7
.2
.2
.2
.4
-

0.2
1.3
.5
.2
.3
.2
6
.4
.4
.4
.6
-

• The average percent revision in employment for the 1984-88 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government provided by the Office of Personnel Management and a sample of State
and local government reports.
2

relative errors of the estimate. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative
errors for major industries are presented in table O and for
individual industries with the specified number of employees
in table P. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that the hours
and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a
smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages
that would have been obtained from a complete census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error
(RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for
the bias in estimates:
RMSE =

v

(standard deviation)2

(bias)2

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark
by less than the root-mean-square error. The chances are
about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice
the root-mean-square error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on
the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between
final estimates and benchmarks are presented in table P.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in
the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have
been received. Table Q presents root-mean-square errors of
the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the
preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary
and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary
hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than
0.1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent for hourly
earnings.

STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS
State and area employment, hours, and earnings data are
collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas.
Table P. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings

Size of employment estimate

50,000
100,000 .
200,000 .
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000

Relative error2
(in percent)

Rootmeansquare
error of
employment
estimates1

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

2,100
3,900
5,600
14,000
15,000
26,000

2.2
1.3
1.1
.9
.8
.5

4.0
2.3
2.0
1.6
1.2
.9

3

174




1
2

Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to 1982 data.

Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue
of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may
be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back
cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same

establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may
differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a
national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification.

Table Q. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Root-mean-square error
of—
Industry

Monthly
level

Month-to-month
change

Total .

88,900

89,500

Total private .

61,300

58,900

Goods-producing industries.

21,200

19,800

Mining
Oil and gas extraction .

4,400
3,800

4,200
3,300

Construction
General building contractors.

14,400
4,900

15,100
5,100

Manufacturing.

18,200

18,300

13,700
2,200
1,700
1,600
4,300

12,300
2,000
1,600
1,500
4,300

3,300
2,400
5,700
4,900
7,700
6,500
2,100
1,800

3,100
2,200
6,800
4,900
7,000
6,600
2,200
1,800

8,500
5,600
1,500
1,800

8,400
5,600
1,400
1,700

4,500
1,600
2,100

4,000
1,400
2,000

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products . . .
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products .
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic
steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . .
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products.
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile
products
Paper and allied products .
Printing and publishing .

Root-mean-square error
ofMonthly
level

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Chemicals and allied products . .
Petroleum and coal products . .
Rubber and misc. plastics
products
Leather and leather products . .

Month-to-month
change

2,600
1,200

2,800
1,200

1,600
1,700

1,600
1,600

..

85,400

85,700

Transportation and public utilities . .
Transportation
Communication and public
utilities .

14,600
16,600

13,000
16,000

6,500

6,100

8,700
5,800
5,000

7,700
5,300
4,400

Retail trade
General merchandise stores . . .
Food stores
Automotive dealers and
service stations
Eating and drinking places .

38,600
22,800
6,800

34,400
20,400
6,000

4,200
10,100

5,100
9,500

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance . .
Insurance
Real estate .

8,700
4,100
3,700
5,000

7,600
3,900
3,100
4,000

Services
Business services.
Health services.

36,600
11,700
10,200

34,900
10,700
10,000

Government.
Federal.
State
Local .

59,700
15,900
22,000
34,600

53,500
11,300
20,000
34,500

Service-producing industries.

Wholesale trode
Durable g o o d s . . . .
Nondurable goods.

NOTE: Data are based on differences from December 1983 through December 1988.




175

Productivity Data
(Tables C-9 through C-11)
COLLECTION
Productivity data are compiled by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and gross national product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
CONCEPTS
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employeesproduction workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried
workers.
Output is the constant-dollar market value of final goods
and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output
per hour of all persons measure changes in the volume of
goods and services produced per paid hour of labor input.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance
and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate
of wages, salaries, and supplementary payments for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which
there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer
Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour.
Unit nonlaborpayments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are com-

puted by subtracting compensation of all persons from the
current-dollar gross national product and dividing by output. In these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits.
Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the
current-dollar estimate of gross product by the constant-dollar
estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for
gross product of the sector reported.
NOTES ON THE DATA
For the business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the gross domestic product less households and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and the
statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the gross domestic product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing output data are supplied by the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the
Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates
of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hours data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Historical statistics for most productivity measures appear in Trends in Multifactor Productivity, 1948-81, BLS
Bulletin 2178. Additional information may be obtained from
the Office of Productivity and Technology (202 523-9261).

State and Area Labor Force Data
(D table)
FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor
market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal
assistance programs are developed by State employment
security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative program.
The local unemployment estimates which are derived from
standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for
determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal
programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act, the
Economic Dislocation and Worker Adjustment Assistance
Act, and the Urban Development Action Grant program.
Annual average data for the States and areas shown in table
D are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the
May issue). For regions, States, selected metropolitan areas,
and central cities, annual average data classified by selected
176




demographic, social, and economic characteristics are
published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of
Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties and cities and other
small areas have been prepared for administration of various
Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered
from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report
"Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published
monthly through GPO and is available in microfiche form
only, on a subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of
Columbia, and over 2,600 labor market areas. The

estimation methods are described below for States (and the
District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. A more
detailed description of the estimation procedure is contained
in the BLS document, "Manual for Developing Local Area
Unemployment Statistics."
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates. The civilian labor force and
unemployment estimates for the 11 largest States—California,
Florida, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New
York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas—are
sufficiently reliable to be taken directly from the Current
Population Survey (CPS) on a monthly basis. These are
termed "direct-use States." For a description of the CPS
concepts, see "Household Data," above.
For the 39 smaller States and the District of Columbia,
which do not use the CPS directly each month, regression
models (sets of equations) are used to develop employment
and unemployment estimates. These, then, are the "nondirect-use" States. The regression techniques are based on
historical and current relationships found within each State's
economy as reflected in the different sources of data that are
available for each State—the CPS, the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (ui)
system. When the estimation procedures were introduced in
1989, over 10 years of data were used to develop the
equations for each State. While all the State models have
important variables in common, they differ somewhat from
one another so as to better reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for employment and one for the
unemployment rate—are used for each State. The unemployment rate, rather than the unemployment level, is modeled,
primarily because the rate is usually more meaningful for
economic analysis.
The employment models use the CES estimates of nonfarm
wage and salary jobs and also include data for employed
persons not covered or only partially covered by the CES
survey. Typically, these are agricultural workers, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers.
The unemployment rate models also include different types
of data. Data for ui claimants (without earnings due to employment) are used to represent most of the experienced
unemployed. The models also include an employment-topopulation ratio which reflects both the business cycle and
the experienced unemployed not covered by the UI claims
data. New entrants and reentrants into the labor force are
also reflected in the models. For some States, the models
include variables which reflect seasonal factors not reflected
in the other data used, such as the large increase in the labor
force at the end of the school year.
In both the employment and unemployment rate models,
an important feature is the use of a technique that allows the
equations to adjust automatically to structural changes that
occur. The models are termed "variable coefficient models"
because they include a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when




the new data that become available each month indicate that
changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once the
estimates are developed from the models, the unemployment
level and labor force estimates are calculated.
Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for the 39 non-direct-use States and the District
of Columbia are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS \& the
annual average CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique
employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which
adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS
annual average, while preserving, as much as possible, the
original monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.
In the 11 direct-use States, no benchmark correction is
required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS
estimates will equal the CPS annual averages.
Estimates for sub-State areas
Sub-State monthly labor force and unemployment estimates
in over 2,600 labor market areas (LMA's) are prepared in
several stages.
Preliminary estimate—employment. The total civilian
employment estimates are based on CES data. These "placeof-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place-ofresidence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place-of-work to place-of-residence have been developed for
several categories of employment on the basis of employment
relationships at the time of the 1980 decennial census. These
factors are applied to the CES estimates for the current period
to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added
estimates for employment not represented in the CES—
agriculture, nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,
the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates
for each of three categories: (1) persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State UI laws; (2) those
previously employed in industries not covered by these laws;
and (3) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.
Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment
and unemployment are prepared for the State and LMA's
within the State. The LMA estimates geographically exhaust
the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment must be
applied to all sub-State LMA estimates to ensure that they add
to the independently estimated State totals for employment
and unemployment.
Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment
figures, corrections in claims counts, and updated historical
relationships. The corrected estimates are then readjusted to
add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates of
employment and unemployment.
177

Seasonal Adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. Because
these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating
changes in a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note
that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based
on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a
broader margin of possible error than the original data on
which they are based, since they are subject not only to
sampling and other errors but are also affected by the
uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself.
Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and
establishment-based data are published monthly in
Employment and Earnings.
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARJMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard
X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure appears
in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method by Estela
Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12-564E,
January 1983.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the JanuaryJune period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are made only at the beginning of each
calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the
estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census population
counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in early 1982
were carried back to 1970.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment,
nonagricultural
employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age
groups (men and women under and over 20 years of age)
are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then
added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures.The
seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight
seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus
the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality),
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the




total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived
by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by
the estimate of the labor force. Because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not
necessarily add to totals.
Revised seasonally adjusted data for selected labor force
series based on the experience through December, new seasonal
adjustment factors to be used to calculate the civilian
unemployment rate for the first 6 months of the following year,
and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
are published in each January issue of Employment and
Earnings. Revised seasonally adjusted data covering the revision
period for a broader range of labor force series are published
in the February issue of this publication.
Since the early 1980's, the BLS has also used the X-ll
ARIMA procedure to seasonally adjust establishment-based
employment, hours, and earnings data. The X-ll ARIMA
program has been run once each year after benchmarking
and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected and
published for 12 months ahead (April-March). Beginning in
June 1989, with the introduction of the March 1988
benchmarks, the Bureau introduced a modification to this
procedure to paralled that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors
are now calculated only for the first 6 months after
benchmarking. A second set of projected seasonal adjustment
factors, for use during the subsequent period, will be
computed based upon data through September and introduced
with the publication of data for October. Revisions of
historical data for the most recent 5 years will continue to
be made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions,
and published in a Supplement to Employment and Earnings.
The BLS is also working on an extension to X-ll ARIMA
to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the
presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey
reference period (as well as for the occasional effects of
Labor Day in the September survey reference period). If this
research proves successful, this extension will be introduced
for the computation of the seasonal adjustment factors to be
published in November 1989.
All series are seasonally adjusted using the multiplicative
models under X-ll ARIMA. Seasonal adjustment factors are
directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted
totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking
a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted data for the
component series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the
product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and
seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly
earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban

178

Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1977 base. For
total private, total goods-producing, total private serviceproducing, and major industry divisions, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by
summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted,
for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the
1977 base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These




failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census takers for the 1980
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calculation of seasonal adjustment factors.
Revised seasonally adjusted establishment-based series
based on the experience through March 1989, new seasonal
adjustment factors for April-September, and a description
of the current seasonal adjustment procedure appear in the
June 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings.

179

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Regional Office

Cooperating State Agencies
Current Employment Statistics (CES) and State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) Programs
BLS
Region

REGION I-BOSTON
Suite 1603
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
Phone: (617)565-2327
REGION II—NEW YORK
Room 808
201 Varick Street
New York, NY 10014
Phone: (212) 337-2400
REGION Ill-PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309
Philadelphia, PA 19101
Phone: (215)596-1154
REGION IV-ATLANTA
Suite 540
1371 Peachtree Street, NE.
Atlanta, GA 30367
Phone. (404) 347-4416
REGION V—CHICAGO
9th Floor
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
Phone: (312)353-1880
REGION VI-DALLAS
Room 221
Federal Building
525 Griffin Street
Dallas, TX 75202
Phone: (214) 767-6970
REGIONS VII and V I I I KANSAS CITY
15th Floor
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, MO 64106
Phone: (816) 426-2481
REGIONS IX and X—
SAN FRANCISCO
71 Stevenson Street
P.O. Box 3766
San Francisco, CA 94119
Phone: (415)995-5605




IV

ALABAMA

Department of Industrial Relations, Room 427,
Industrial Relations Bldg., Montgomery 36130
X ALASKA
Department of Labor, Research and Analysis
Section, 1111 West 8th St., Juneau 99802-5501
IX ARIZONA
Department of Economic Security, 1300 West
Washington St., Phoenix 85005
VI ARKANSAS
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, Capitol Mall, Little Rock 72203-2981
IX CALIFORNIA
Employment Development Department, Employment Data and Research Division, 7000
Franklin Blvd., Bldg. 1100, Sacramento 95823
VIII COLORADO
Division of Labor and Employment, 3rd Fl.,
1330 Fox St., Denver 80204
CONNECTICUT
I
Labor Department, Employment Security
Division, 200 Folly Brook Blvd,
Wethersfield 06109
III DELAWARE
Department of Labor, Office of Occupational
and Labor Market Information, P.O. Box 9029,
Newark 19714-9029
III DIST. OF COL.
Department of Employment Services, Division
of Labor Market Information and Analysis,
Room 201, 500 C St., NW., Washington,
DC 20001
IV FLORIDA
Florida Department of Labor and Employment
Security, Bureau of Labor Market Information,
Suite 203, 2574 Seagate Dr., Tallahassee
32399-0674
IV GEORGIA
Department of Labor, Labor Information
Systems, 148 International Blvd., NE.,
Atlanta 30303
IX HAWAII
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations,
Research and Statistics Office, Room 304,
830 Punchbowl St., Honolulu 96813
X IDAHO
Department of Employment, 317 Main St.,
Boise 83735
V ILLINOIS
Department of Employment Security, (2 South),
401 South State St., Chicago 60605
V INDIANA
Department of Employment and Training
Services, Statistical Services Division,
10 North Senate Avenue,
Indianapolis 46204
VII IOWA
Department of Employment Services, 1000 East
Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
VII KANSAS
Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka
Avenue, Topeka 66603
IV KENTUCKY
Department for Employment Services, Labor
Market Research and Analysis Branch,
275 East Main St., Frankfort 40621
VI LOUISIANA
Department of Labor, Research and Statistics
Section, 1001 North 23rd St., Baton Rouge
70804-9094
I
MAINE
Department of Labor, Division of Economic
Analysis and Research, 20 Union St.,
Augusta 04330
III MARYLAND
Department of Employment and Training,
Research and Analysis Division, 1100 North
Eutaw St., Baltimore 21201
I
MASSACHUSETTS Department of Employment and Training,
Government Center, Charles F. Hurley Bldg.,
Boston 02114
V MICHIGAN
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 516, 7310
Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
V MINNESOTA
Department of Jobs and Training, Research
and Statistics Division, 5th Fl., 390 North
Robert St., St. Paul 55101
IV MISSISSIPPI
Employment Security Commission, Labor
Market Information Division, P.O. Box 1699,
Jackson 39215-1699
VII MISSOURI
Division of Employment Security, P.O. Box 59,
Jefferson City 65104

BLS
Region
VIII MONTANA

Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box
1728, Helena 59624
Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln
VII NEBRASKA
68509-4600
IX NEVADA
Employment Security Department, 500 East
3rd St., Carson City 89713
I
NEW HAMPSHIRE Department of Employment Security, 32 South
Main St., Concord 03301
II
Department of Labor, Division of Planning and
NEW JERSEY
Research, P.O. Box 2765, Trenton 08625
VI NEW MEXICO
Employment Security Commission, 401 Broadway, TIWA Bldg., Albuquerque 87103
NEW YORK
II
Department of Labor, Division of Research and
Statistics, State Campus, Room 400, Bldg. 12,
Albany 12240-0020
IV NORTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 25903,
Raleigh 27611
VIII NORTH DAKOTA Job Service, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58502
V OHIO
Bureau of Employment Services, Labor Market
Information Division, 1160 Dublin Rd.,
Columbus 43215
VI OKLAHOMA
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Planning Division, 2401 North Lincoln,
Oklahoma City 73105
X OREGON
Employment Division, 875 Union St., NE.,
Salem 97311
III PENNSYLVANIA
Department of Labor and Industry, Research
and Statistics Division, Room 1216, 7th
and Forster Sts., Harnsburg 17121
II
PUERTO RICO
Department of Labor and Human Resources,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 17th Fl., 505 Munoz
Rivera Avenue, Hato Rey 00918 (CES), Bureau
of Employment Security, Research and Analysis
Section, 15th Fl., 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue,
Hato Rey 00918 (LAUS)
RHODE ISLAND
I
Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason
St., Providence 02903
IV SOUTH CAROLINA Employment Security Commission, Labor Market
Information Division, P.O. Box 995,
Columbia 29202
VIII SOUTH DAKOTA Department of Labor, Labor Market Information
Center, P.O. Box 4730, Aberdeen 57401
IV TENNESSEE
Department of Employment Security, Research
and Statistics Division, 519 Cordell Hull Office
Bldg., Nashville 37219
VI TEXAS
Employment Commission, Room 208-T, 1117
Trinity St., Austin 78778
VIII UTAH
Department of Employment Security, Labor
Market Information Services, P.O. Box 11249,
Salt Lake City 84147
I
VERMONT
Department of Employment and Training, Office
of Policy and Public Information, P.O. Box 488,
Montpelier 05602
III VIRGINIA
Employment Commission, Economic Information
Services, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211
II VIRGIN ISLANDS Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,
53-A, 54-A&B Kronprindsens Gade Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas 00801-3359 (CES)
X WASHINGTON
Employment Security Department, Labor Market
and Economic Analysis Branch, 605 Woodview
Dr., Olympia 98503
III WEST VIRGINIA
Department of Employment Security, Division
of Labor and Economic Security, 112 California
Avenue, Charleston 25305
V WISCONSIN
Department of Industry, Labor, and Human
Relations, Labor Market Information Bureau,
201 East Washington Avenue, Madison 53707
VIII WYOMING
Employment Security Commission, Research
and Analysis Section, P.O Box 2760,
Casper 82602