Full text of Employment and Earnings : October 1979

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Employment and Earnings
October 1979
U. S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Vol. 26 No. 10
In this issue:
Establishment data adjusted to new benchmarks




U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Ray Marshall, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Janet L Norwood, Commissioner
Employment and Earnings is prepared by the
Division of Industry Employment Statistics
and the Division of Employment and
Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with
the Division of Special Publications. The data
are collected by the Bureau of the Census
(Department of Commerce), State Employment
Security Agencies, and State Departments of
Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. A brief description of the
cooperative statistical programs of the BLS
with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed
on the inside back cover.
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Communications on editorial matters should
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the text and Household Data should be addressed to: Attention of Gloria P. Green, or
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Library of Congress Catalog Number 70-11379.
Employment and Earnings (Dept. of Labor
Pub.) (USPS 081-990)



Calendar of Features
In addition to the monthly data appearing
regularly in Employment and Earnings
special features appear in most of the
issues as shown below:

Household data

Annual averages

Jan.

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Feb.

Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted
data, persons not in labor force, persons
of Hispanic origin, Vietnam-Era veterans
and nonveterans, poverty-nonpoverty area
data, family relationship data.

Jan., Apr.,
July, Oct.

Establishment data

National annual averages:

1

Industry divisions (preliminary)

Jan.

Industry detail (final)

Mar.

Women employment detail (final)

Mar.

National data adjusted to new benchmarks

Oct.1

Revised seasonally adjusted series

Oct.2

State and area annual averages

May

Area definitions

May

The issue that introduces new benchmark varies. The October 1979 issue marks
the introduction of March 1978 benchmarks.
2
Revised data introduced October 1979.

Employment and Earnings
Vol. 26

No. 10

October 1979

Editors: Gloria P. Green, Rosalie K. Epstein

CONTENTS




Page

List of statistical tables
Employment and unemployment developments, September 1979
BLS establishment estimates revised to March 1978 benchmark levels
Charts
Statistical tables:
Not seasonally adjusted—
Household data
Quarterly averages
Corrected quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Labor turnover
State and area unemployment data
Seasonally adjusted series—
Household data
Quarterly averages
Establishment data:
Employment
Hours and earnings
Productivity
Labor turnover
Explanatory notes

2
5
7
25

37
76
85
91
123
I54
163

61
68
108
144
146
159
168

MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page
Employment Status

A- 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population. 16 years and over, 1947 to date
A- 2. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over
by sex, 1967 to date
A- 3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
A- 4. Labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age
A- 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A- 7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age
by race and sex
A- 8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
A- 9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship

37
33
29
41

43
44
45
4g
47

Characteristics of the Unemployed

A-10.
A-11.
A-12.
A-13.
A-14.
A-15.
A-16.

Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race
Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason
for unemployment
:
A-17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
A-18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-19. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job

47
^g
4g
4g
4g
5Q
5Q
51
51
52

Characteristics of the Employed

A-20.
A-21.
A-22.
A-23.
A-24.
A-25.
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.

Employed persons by sex and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race
Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex
Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours
Nonagricultural workers»by industry and full- or part-time status
Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time
status, sex, age, race, and marital status
A-30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex

52
53
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
58
59

Characteristics of 14 and 15 year-olds

A-31. Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race
A-32. Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation

60
-

QQ

A-33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age,
seasonally adjusted
A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
A-35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-37. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-38. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-39. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted

61
62
62
53
63
64
64
65
65
66

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data

Characteristics of Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans

A-43. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




67

QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA
Page

Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data
A-44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race,
seasonally adjusted
A-45. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally
adjusted
A-46. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
A-48. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-49. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
A-51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
A-52. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally
adjusted

68
69
70
71
72
72
73
73
74

Persons Not in Labor Force
A-53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work,
sex, and race, seasonally adjusted
A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age and sex
A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by
age, race, and sex
A-56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by
age, race, sex, and detailed reason
A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving
last job for those who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who
intend to seek work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex

75
76
77
77
78
78

Persons of Hispanic Origin
A-59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and
Hispanic origin
A-60. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by
sex and age
A-61. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin
A-62. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social
and economic categories
A-63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
A-64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
A-65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
A-66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin

79
80
81
82
83
83
84
84

Vietnam-Era Veterans and Nonveterans Data
A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans
by age
A-68. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans 25 to 39
years by age, race,and Hispanic origin

86
86

Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan and Poverty-nonpoverty Area Data
A-69. Employment status of the population in metropolitan-nonmetropolitan areas by
sex, age, and race
A-70. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race
A-71. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty
areas by sex, age, and race

87
88
88

Family Relationship Data
A-72. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
A-73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members




89
90

MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Page
Employment—National
BBBBBB-

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted

B- 7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased

91
g2
101
108
109
110
111

Employment—State and Area
B- 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division

112

Hours and Earnings—National
C- 1. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, 1957 to date
C- 2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
C- 3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the
Federal Government . . . . i .
C- 4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls, by industry
C- 5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 1967 dollars
C- 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls
C- 7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing
group, seasonally adjusted
C- 8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group,
seasonally adjusted
C- 9. Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
C-11 • Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business
sector, seasonally adjusted
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation,
unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted, at annual rate

1

23

124
140
140
141
142

144

145
146
146
147
148

Hours and Earnings—State and Area
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by
State and selected areas

149

Labor Turnover—National
D- 1 . Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
D- 2. Labor turnover rates, by industry

154
155

D- 3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted

159

Labor Turnover—State and Area
D- 4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas

160

MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA




E- 1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas

163

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, September 1979

Employment rose in September and unemployment declined. The Nation's overall unemployment rate was 5.8 percent, down slightly from
6.0 percent in August but little different from the
rates which have prevailed over the past year.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—advanced by 610,000 in
September to 97.5 million. Over the past year,
total employment grew by 2.5 million, with nearly
three-fourths of the increase occurring in the 6
months from September to March.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by
the monthly survey of establishments—rose by
135,000 in September to 89.9 million. Payroll employment has advanced by 2.8 million over the
year; 2 million of that increase occurred prior to
April.

primarily among teenagers and adult women.
Teenage employment returned to the July level,
following a dip of comparable magnitude in
August; employment of adult women rose in both
months.
Over the past year, employment has risen by 2.5
million. The bulk of this increase occurred during
the first half of the 12-month period as employment has risen by 670,000 since March. Adult
women accounted for most of the gains
throughout the year.
The civilian labor force was 103.5 million in
September, up 450,000 from August and 2.5 million higher than September a year ago. The overall
civilian labor force participation rate was 63.9
percent in September, the same as the all-time
high attained in February and March.

Unemployment

Discouraged workers

The September unemployment rate, 5.8 percent, and the number of unemployed persons,
6.0 million, edged down from the levels of the
previous month. Since August 1978, the jobless
rate has fluctuated within the range of 5.6 to
6.0 percent.
Virtually all of the over-the-month reduction in
unemployment took place among adult women
and, more specifically, married women, reversing
the increases of the prior month. The rate for
adult women was 5.5 percent in September, compared with 5.9 percent in August. The unemployment rate for part-time workers also dropped
slightly. Little or no change occurred in September for most other worker categories including
adult men, teenagers, and full-time workers. (See
tables A-33 and A-36.)
The median duration of unemployment was up
1 week to 5.9 weeks in September, returning to
about the July level, This movement reflected an
over-the-month drop in short-term joblessness
and an increase in those seeking jobs from 1 to
3 months. (See table A-37.)
Total employment and the labor force

Total employment rose by 610,000 in September, after registering a decline of about half
that amount in August. The advance took place




Discouraged workers are persons who report
that they want work but are not looking for jobs
because they believe they cannot find any. Because they do not meet the labor market t e s t that is, they are not engaged in active job
search—they are classified as not in the labor
force rather than unemployed. These data are
published on a quarterly basis.
The number of discouraged workers declined
by 90,000 in the third quarter to 740,000, returning to the first quarter level. Close to threefourths of this number cited job-market factors as
the reason for their discouragement. (See table
A-53.)
Industry payroll employment

Nonfarm payroll employment rose 135,000 in
September to 89.9 million, as job gains took
place in 56 percent of the 172 industries comprising the BLS diffusion index. Payroll employment increased 2.8 million over the past year;
225,000 of these jobs were added during the third
quarter of 1979 and 815,000 since March. (See
tables B-4 and B-7.)
Most of the September employment gain occurred in the service-producing industries. The
service industry accounted for most of the increase, adding almost 100,000 jobs. While employment in wholesale and retail trade rose

50,000, transportation and public utilities and
State and local government had reductions of
20,000 and 25,000, respectively.
In the goods-producing sector, employment in
mining continued its long-term advance, while
construction edged down for the second straight
month. Most of the specific industries in manufacturing showed little or no change.

Hours

The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls was 35.6 hours in September, unchanged
from the levels of the previous 3 months. Manufacturing hours edged down a tenth of an hour to
40.0, while factory overtime was unchanged at 3.2
hours. In contrast, the construction workweek
rose 0.4 hour for the second straight month to
37.6 hours. (See table C-7.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours rose 0.3
percent in September as a result of the rise in
payroll employment. The index was up 2.9 percent
over the year, also due entirely to employment
gains. (See table C-8.)




Hourly and weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls
rose 0.5 percent in September (seasonally adjusted) to a level 8.1 percent higher than that
of September 1978. Average weekly earnings also
rose half a percent over the month and were up
7.5 percent from September 1978.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average
hourly earnings rose 10 cents from August to
$6.29, 47 cents higher than September 1978. Average weekly earnings were $222.50 in September,
up $1.07 from August and $15.61 over the year
(See tables C-1 and C-9.)
The Hourly Earnings Index

The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted
for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and
the effects of changes in the proportion of
workers in high-wage and low-wage industries—was 233.7 (1967=100) in September, 0.7
percent higher than in August. The index was 7.9
percent above September a year ago. During the
12-month period ended in August, the Hourly Earnings Index in dollars of constant purchasing
power decreased 3.5 percent. (See table C-9.)

BLS Establishment Estimates Revised
to March 1978 Benchmark Levels
Maxine Both

This issue of Employment and Earnings introduces revised estimates for employment in
nonagricultural establishments, reflecting the
most recent and complete employment counts,
called benchmarks. The benchmark month for the
current revision is March 1978, and most employment series have been revised beginning with
April 1977. Hours, earnings, and labor turnover
estimates, which are weighted by employment,
are also subject to revision as a result of shifts in
employment levels. Coincident with the benchmark adjustment, all seasonally adjusted series
have also been revised.
The benchmark review serves as a quality control process by providing both a more accurate
measure of employment levels and a more accurate perspective on trends. Normally, new
benchmarks are determined for March of each
year at the most detailed industrial classification for which estimates are made. The difference
between the benchmark for March and the corresponding estimate for March is assumed to
have accumulated at a constant rate over
the previous 12 months. Most series, therefore,
are adjusted by applying a ratio to the estimates
to wedge out the difference over the period from
the new benchmark to the preceding one, 12
months earlier. The benchmark level is then projected forward to the current month based on the
trend shown in monthly reports submitted by a
sample of employers. The estimates adjusted to
the new levels are then aggregated through successively larger groupings to total nonagricultural employment.

were 1 percent or less except for mining, construction, and services. During the 1970's, the
employment estimates for the total nonagricultural sector and for the major industry divisions
generally have varied from benchmarks by about
0.1 percent. The magnitude of the current revision
exceeds the average for reasons to be discussed
later in this article. Table 2 indicates the magnitude of the differences arising from the current
and previous revisions, by year and industry
division.
BLS monthly estimates of employment, hours,
and earnings are published in considerable industry detail. Based upon the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system, estimates are prepared at the industry level (four-digit SIC) for manufacturing and at the industry group level (threedigit SIC) for most nonmanufacturing industries.
Within the 3-digit industry groups (manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing) for which employment
estimates are published, 32 of the 255 groups
were revised by 5 percent or more. The larger industries in terms of employment tended to have
the smallest percentage revisions (table 3).
The March 1978 estimates and benchmark
levels for the major industry groups (two-digit SIC)
in manufacturing appear in table 4. Of the 20
major groups in this division, 13 were revised by 1
percent or less. Revisions were somewhat larger
for the basic three- and four-digit industries,
but almost three-fifths of these differed by less
than 3 percent and only about one-sixth differed
by 5 percent or more.
Why estimates differ from benchmarks

1978 employment
percent

estimates

revised

by 0.7

The March 1978 total nonagricultural employment benchmark of 84.5 million was 0.6 million above the corresponding sample-based
estimate—a difference of 0.7 percent or 14 percent of the year-to-year change (table 1). Adjustments for each of the major industry divisions




There are three basic reasons for the differences between benchmarks and estimates: (1) errors in adjustment for entry of new firms,
(2) improvements in the quality of the benchmark
data, and (3) errors in trend caused by nonrepre• Maxine Both it a labor economist in the Office of Employment Structure and Trends.

Table 1. Comparison of nonagricultural employment estimates with benchmarks, by industry division, March 1978
(Numbers in thousands)
Difference
Industry division

Estimate

Total

Percent of
year-to-year
changes

Benchmark
Amount

Percent

83,897

84,455

558

0.7

14.1

Total private

68,171

68,729

558

.8

16.2

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Trade
Wholesale
Retail
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State and local

686
3,675
19,995

699

13
58
127
45
77
37
40
46

1.9
1.6
.6
.9
.4
.8
.3

-12.3
19.1

4,759
18,801
4,815
13,986
4,577
15,678
15,726
2,725
13,001

3,733
20,122
4,804
18,878
4,852
14,026
4,623
15,870
15,726
2,725
13,001 2

14.6
22.4
7.8
15.1
5.4
18.7
20.5
0
0
0

1.0
1.2
0
0
0

192
0
0
0

Expressed as percent of March 1977 to March 1978 change.
Estimates of State and local government were not revised
to new benchmarks.

Table 2. Percent differences between nonagricultural
employment estimates and benchmarks by industry
division, selected years, 1971-78
March

Industry division

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government

1971 1 9 7 3 l 1974 1977 2 1978

-0.2

1.6

0.1

0.1

0.7

.2
3.1
-.4

3.5
9.6
1.1

3.0
-.6
.1

2.7
.6
-.4

1.9
1.6
.6

-.9
-.3

.7
2.2

<3)
-.1

-1.8
-.5

.4

_ 2

.5
.9
.5

1.1
.7
-.5

1.0

-A
.0

.6
.8

tween March 1978 estimates and benchmarks
was the failure of the method of adjustment used
to take account of the entry of new firms. The BLS
establishment survey uses the benchmark linkrelative estimating technique, which is a form of
ratio estimation. The employment estimates for a
month are projected from the levels estimated for
the previous month based on the change in employment levels indicated by the firms responding
to the survey. It is difficult to include in a timely
manner newly formed businesses as reporters in
the establishment survey. This type of omission

.9

1.0
1.2
4

Table 3. Distribution of published 3-digit SIC industries by
size of industry and percent difference between employment estimates and benchmarks, March 1978

0

1973 is a two.year revision.
The comparison for the detailed industry divisions is between estimates on the 1967 SIC and the 1972 SIC.
Less than 0.05 percent.
Estimates of State and local government were not revised.

Percent
difference

Total

sentative samples. A fourth reason for differences, which affects individual industries but not
the total, results from changes in industrial classification of individual establishments.
The primary reason for the large differences be-

8



O-0.9
1.0-2.9
3.0-4.9
5.0 and over. . .

Total
number
of
industries

Size of industry
(number of employees)
Under
50,000

50,000
to
99,999

100,000 200,000
and
to
over
199399

255

37

41

72

105

75
109
39
32

10

10
13

19
39
8
6

36
48
12
9

9
10
8

9
9

Table 4. Comparison of manufacturing employment estimates with benchmarks, by major industry group, March 1978
(Numbers in thousands)
Difference
Industry group

Manufacturing

Estimate

,

Amount

Percent

19,995

20,122

127

0.6

11,913

11,992

79

.7

727.5
486.9

1.7

671.5
1,179.6
1,624.3

729.2
491.7
672.0
1,187.1
1,643.9

.2
1.0
.1

2,294.0

2,279.7

1,931.7
1,916.3
636.1
444.9

1,963.0
1,945.4
636.3
443.6

,

8,082

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
,
Apparel and other textile products
,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
,
Petroleum and coal products
,
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

1,644.0
70.6
912.2
1,323.0
695.9
1,167.3
1,077.1
203.5
736.7
251.6

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods

,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,

4.8
.5
7.5

19.6
-14.3
31.3
29.1
.2

.6
1.2
-.6
1.6
1.5

(M

-1.3

-.3

8,130

48

.6

1,668.2
67.3
901.6

24.2
-3.3
-10.6
12.9
-1.6
11.2

1,335.9
694.3
1,178.5
1,085.0
203.8
739.8
255.9

7.9
.3
3.1
4.3

1.5

-4.9
-1.2
1.0
-.2
1.0
.7
.1
.4
1.7

Less than 0.05 percent.

can be a source of large errors in the estimates in
an industry that is characterized by the formation
of numerous new firms during a period of expansion. On the other hand, business deaths are reflected in the sample when businesses discontinue operations and cease to report.
The BLS has developed bias adjustment factors
which are applied to the employment estimates to
correct for the undercount of business births. The
bias adjustment factors, which vary by industry,
are based on past experience and are reviewed
and recalculated as part of the benchmarking
process. Business formation rates change over
time, especially during the business cycle, and
thus correction for errors in estimates of business
births contributes to the magnitude of the
benchmark revision. Since the period March 1977
to March 1978 was characterized by an almost unprecedented employment expansion—65 percent
larger than the expansions of either of the previous two years—the bias adjustment factors
based on recent experience were insufficient.
Research is still underway to improve the




methods of calculating bias adjustment factors.
Beginning with the March 1977 revision, the factors for the construction industry have been designed to vary with the business cycle as reflected by current independent sources of data.1 Work
is underway to develop cyclically dependent bias
factors for other industries.
Revised bias adjustment factors are used beginning with April 1978 in the current revision.
The effect of the new factors is noteworthy in
several trade and service industries where the revised factors have a cumulative effect of adding
more than 160,000 employees to the over-the-year
(1978-79) change.Changes in adjustment factors
also have an impact on selected industries in
manufacturing and transportation and public utilities. The impact of these changes and the March
1978 correction in level is to add 938,000 workers
to the June 1979 level of total nonagricultural pay-

independent sources include data on building permits, housing
starts, new business formations, and money supply.

9

roll employment, the last final estimate published
on the previous benchmark.
A second cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark
source data. The expansion of unemployment insurance coverage to small firms in 1972, which
eliminated the need to estimate the employment
of many small establishments, was an example of
this type of change. More recently, as of January
1978, Ul coverage was expanded to include the
following previously uncovered groups of employees: Most domestic workers, agricultural
workers employed by large farms, employees of
State and local governments, and, except for religious workers, the employees of small nonprofit
organizations and private elementary and secondary schools. Although domestic and agricultural
workers are not included in the payroll survey,
their inclusion as covered employees in 1978 may
have improved the reporting of some of the other
employee groups. Other evidence suggests that
some public service employees paid from Federal
funds but employed by private industry may have
been excluded from previous universe counts.
The third reason for differences between estimates and benchmarks is the presence of a certain amount of error in all sample-derived
estimates. A complete monthly count of employment would reflect all changes, but complete
coverage, involving 4 or 5 million reports each
month, would be prohibitively expensive and time
consuming. Derived from a sample of approximately 162,000 establishments, the BLS payroll
series provide estimates at moderate cost within
3 weeks of the reference week. Annual benchmark
revisions, which are an integral part of the BLS
establishment survey program, remove the effect
of these sampling errors from the estimates.
Fourth, an establishment is classified by industry according to its major activity, which is determined by the principal product produced or
handled, or service rendered. An establishment
may engage in more than one activity. If its output
of products or services changes so that what was
once a secondary product or activity becomes a
primary one, the establishment is reclassified to
the industry of its new major activity. These
changes are introduced into the employment estimates at the time of the benchmark adjustment,
based on annual product and activity reports.
Thus, differences between estimates and benchmarks for a particular industry may result because the estimates are linked forward from
former benchmark levels which do not reflect intervening classification changes for individual
establishments.2
10




Benchmark source material

Ul records are the primary sources of benchmark data. With the expansion of Ul coverage in
January 1978, approximately 98 percent of the
total nonagricultural sector and 97 percent of the
private nonagricultural sector are covered by
various Ul programs.
For the few remaining industries exempt from
mandatory Ul coverage, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics used other sources for benchmark information. Data on employees covered under
Social Security laws, published by the Bureau of
the Census in County Business Patterns, were
used to augment Ul data for nonoffice insurance
sales workers and workers in private educational
services. Data for interstate railroads were obtained from the Interstate Commerce Commission; benchmarks for private elementary and
secondary schools were derived from data obtained from the U.S. Office of Education and the
National Catholic Welfare Association. Employment figures for religious organizations were obtained from data provided by the National Council
of Churches and recent surveys of churches conducted by several State agencies. These sources
have been used for benchmarking for a number of
years.
Employment estimates for the Federal Government are derived from official summaries of
Federal employment prepared by the Office of
Personnel Management (OPM). These summaries
are complete counts of Federal workers and are
not subject to benchmark revisions.3 The official
OPM summaries do not provide breakouts of
Federal employment by industry, such as hospitals, on a current monthly basis. These are projected by BLS from a sample of Federal
establishments.
In benchmarking the State and local government sector, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has
for many years used the 5-year Censuses of
Government and the Annual Surveys of Government conducted by the Bureau of the Census, because most States had not provided Ul coverage
to workers in these industries. In January 1978,
Ul coverage was extended to these workers. However, estimates of State and local government
were not revised at this time because analysis of
the first quarter 1978 Ul data indicated significant problems in their use as benchmarks. Some
2

The changes are wedged or tapered into the estimates over
year in which the change in primary activity took place.
3
Employment of the Central Intelligence Agency and the
tional Security Agency and employees of the Department of
fense paid from nonappropriated funds are not included in
OPM summaries or these estimates.

the
NaDethe

newly covered State and local government employees were not reported, and Kentucky and New
Hampshire were unable to enact legislation to
make coverage mandatory in the first quarter of
1978. In addition, about 200,000 public service
employees throughout the Nation were not included in the first quarter of 1978 Ul reports.
The Bureau hopes to have improved data for succeeding quarters, at which time a revision of estimates of State and local government to new
benchmarks will be carried out.
The Bureau's reporting sample is also an important source of benchmark information. Since
sample reports are current and are reviewed
monthly, reporting errors, detected and corrected
in the sample reports, can also be corrected in the
corresponding benchmark reports. The industry
classification of each sample establishment is reviewed annually on the basis of information supplied by the employer. Changes in industry classification of sample reports often precede such
changes in other sources of information. Insofar
as sample reports were known to differ from the
corresponding employer's reports included in
other benchmark source material, the data in the
other sources were modified accordingly.
Relation of employment benchmarks to other
series

Benchmarks are not available for the employment of women and production or nonsupervisory
worker series. These series are produced by applying an estimated ratio of these workers to the
estimated all-employee figures. The ratios are
derived monthly from the BLS reporting sample.
Benchmarks are not available for the hours and
earnings and labor turnover series, and they too
reflect only the reporting sample. For primary estimating cells, i.e. region and/or size strata within
the most detailed industry classifications, the
women-worker/all-employee ratio, the productionworker/all-employee ratio, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and labor turnover rates
are computed directly from reported figures.
Series for broader industry groupings, however,
require a weighting mechanism to yield meaningful averages. The employment estimates for the
primary cells are used as weights for the employment of women, labor turnover rates, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment estimates for broader industry groupings. The production or nonsupervisory worker employment estimates for the primary cells are used as weights
for the hours and earnings estimates for the
broader industry groupings.
Adjustment of the all-employee estimates to
new benchmarks may result in reallocation of




weights, which, in turn, may change the labor
turnover, employment of women, and the production or nonsupervisory worker employment, hours,
and earnings estimates. For ttie employment
estimates—women and production or nonsupervisory workers—the revisions at the estimating
cell level are added to become the summary level
revision. To influence the hours, earnings, and
labor turnover averages of a broad group, employment changes have to be relatively large and must
affect industries which have substantially higher
or lower averages than the other industries in
their group. Generally speaking, new benchmarks
do not change hours and earnings and labor turnover series for broader groupings by more than
0.1 hour, 1 cent, or 0.1 per 100 employees, respectively. The changes in the hours, earnings,
and labor turnover estimates are shown in table 5.
Revision of seasonally adjusted data

The seasonal adjustment programs used to adjust establishment-based series incorporate an
adaptation of the standard ratio-to-movingaverage method. They provide for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of changing
seasonal patterns. Each year of data added to a
series will change the previous few years' factors
slightly, even when the unadjusted figures for
those years remain the same.
The BLS Seasonal Factor Method, which is
used presently to seasonally adjust the employment, hours, and earnings series, was designed
for time series with steady or slowly changing
seasonal patterns. Some series are not adequately adjusted by this method. For example, the retail
trade employment series, which is affected by
abrupt shifts in employment at the Christmas season, and which is also affected significantly by
the shifting date of Easter, is subjected to special
seasonal adjustment procedures. The BLS also
takes into account, in seasonally adjusting the
employment series for the transportation equipment industry, the shifting dates of automobile
plant retooling during the summer months. The
Federal Government series is adjusted to remove
the effect of the temporary hiring of postal workers at Christmas time and of Decennial Census of
Population enumerators. Special adjustments
have been used for a number of years in seasonally adjusting these series.
Seasonal factors in labor turnover reflect the
variation in the number of times a day of the week
(Monday, for example) falls in a particular month.
To eliminate this calendar irregularity, the Bureau
uses "trading day" factors. The Census X-11
Method with the "trading day" option is used in
adjusting the labor turnover series; the BLS
11

IO

Table 5. Comparison of hours, earnings, and labor turnover estimates based on previous (1977) benchmarks with estimates revised to March 1978
benchmarks, by industry division and selected major industry group, March 1978
Average weekly hours

Labor turnover accession
rates (per 100 employees)

Average hourly earnings

Industry division and group
Previous
estimate

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities
Trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services




Revised
estimate

35.8

35.8

43.4
36.3
40.4

43.4
36.2
40.4

41.1

41.1

39.5
39.7
41.3
41.5
41.1
42.3
40.4
41.9
41.2
39.0

39.5
39.7
41.3
41.5
41.1
42.3
40.4
42.0
41.2
39.0

39.4

39.4

39.5
38.5
40.6
35.9
43.1
37.9
42.0
43.0
40.7
36.8
40.1

39.4
38.3
40.6
35.9
43.1
37.9
42.0
43.0
40.7
36.8
40.2
32.7
36.3
32.8

32.7

36.3
32.8

Difference

0
-.1
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0

-.1
-.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0

0

Previous
estimate

Revised
estimate

$5.52

$5.53

$0.01

6.95
8.40
6.00

6.94
8.40
6.01

-.01

6.40

6.40

5.40
4.56
6.08
7.94
6.19
6.61
5.68
7.69
5.60
4.60

Difference

0

Previous
estimate

Revised
estimate

_
—
3.7

3.8

0

3.5

3.6

5.39
4.56
6.08
7.94
6.20
6.62
5.67
7.69
5.60
4.60

-.01

6.4
5.2

2.6
3.1
3.4
2.7
5.4

6.5
5.3
4.8
2.6
3.7
2.7
3.2
3.4
2.7
5.4

5.39

5.40

.01

4.0

4.1

5.69
6.30
4.17
3.89
6.32
6.37
6.83
8.50
5.32
3.86
7.34
4.56
4.76
4.91

5.69
6.19
4.17
3.89
6.32
6.39
6.84
8.53
5.33
3.86
7.35
4.56
4.76
4.91

-.11

4.9
1.4
4.2

5.0
1.5
4.2
5.5
2.7
3.5
1.8
2.3
4.6
6.7

.01

0
0
0
.01
.01

-.01
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

.02
.01
.03
.01

2.3
4.6

.01
0
0
0

4.8
2.6
3.7

5.5
2.7
3.5
1.8

0

Difference

6.7
—
—
—

0.1

.1
.1
0
0
0
.1
.1
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Seasonal Factor Method does not include this
option.
Publication of revised historical data

Revised historical data (both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted) for detailed industry
categories of employment, hours and earnings,
and labor turnover will be presented in a supplement to Employment and Earnings (to be issued
in early November) for the periods January 1974
through June 1979 (seasonally adjusted data) and
for April 1977 through June 1979 (unadjusted
data). Data for earlier time periods can be
found in Employment and Earnings, United
States, 1909-78 (BLS Bulletin 1312-11), issued
in 1979.
Monthly employment estimates are published




for most of the significant industries in the nonagricultural sector. Those industries for which
monthly data are not published either are too
small or are not represented by a sufficient
sample. However, the March benchmark figures
for a number of such industries are published in
table 6. The expansion in Ul coverage makes it
possible to obtain accurate employment counts
for all months (and quarterly wages) for the other
industries not published as a regular feature of
the Current Employment Statistics Program.
Seasonal adjustment factors are recalculated
annually and updated factors are published in
conjunction with the benchmark revisions. The
seasonal factors that will be used for the period
July 1979 through June 1980 for all establishment
series are shown in tables 7 through 13.

13

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March, 1972-78
(In thousands)

___^______
Industry title

1972
SIC CODE

Total
Total private
Goods-producing
•
Mining
Lead and zinc ores
Other metal ores
Anthracite mining
•
Crude petroleum and natural gas •••••
Natural gas liquids
Nonmetallic minerals, exc. fuels,nee.
Construction
Concrete work
Water well drilling
Misc. special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
•
Special product sawmills, nee
Structural wood members, nee...
Nailed and lock corner wood boxes
and shook
Wood pallets and skids
Wood containers, nee
Prefabricated wood buildings and
components
••••
Wood preserving
•
Particleboard and wood products,nee.
Wood TV, radio, phonograph, and
household furniture.
••••
Wood office furniture
Metal office furniture
Wood partitions and fixtures
Metal partitions and fixtures
•
Drapery hardware & blinds & shades.•
Furniture and fixtures, nee
Brick and structural clay tile
Clay refractories
Other structural clay products
Vitreous plumbing fixtures
Vitreous china and earthenware
food utens ils
Porcelain electrical supplies
Pottery products, nee
Lime and gypsum products
Cut stone and stone products
Gaskets, packing and sealing devices
Minerals, ground or treated
Nonclay refractories and nonmetallic mineral products, nee
Electrometallurgical products.......
Steel wire and related products
Cold finishing of steel shapes
Steel investment foundries
Primary copper.
Primary lead and zinc
Primary nonferrous metals, nee
Secondary nonferrous metals
Aluminum extruded products
•
Aluminum and nonferrous rolling and
drawing, nee
Brass, bronze, and copper foundries.
Nonferrous foundries, nee
Misc. primary metal products
Metal heat treating
Primary metal products, nee.
Metal barrels, drums, and pails
Cutlery
See footnotes at end of table.

14



March
1972 '

March
1973

March
1974 *

March
1975

72,138

75,422

77,362

75,686

78,092

80,493

84,455

58,717

61,568

63,089

60,789

62,967

65,294

68,729

22,905 24,174
10-14
620
618
103
7.0
7.3
104-6,8,9
15.3
16.9
11
3.9
4.0
131
135.0
139.9
132
3.6
3.7
141,5,8,9
17.3
17.4
15-17
3,718
3,553
177
99.4
89.4
178
14.7
14.1
179
300.8
272.7
20-39
18,734 19,836
24,25,32-39 10,773 11,664
2429
6.6
6.1
2439
11.7
10.9

March
1976

March
1977

March
1978

24,570 21,951 22,728 23,488 24,554
699
805
730
665
761
7.3
7.8
8.1
7.4
8.0
31.4
27.3
21.7
18.9
23.9
3.1
3.3
3.6
3.7
3.6
173.5
159.3
146.4
135.6
154.1
4.2
4.2
4.1
3.8
4.0
19.0
18.1
18.5
18.6
18.1
3,733
3,430
3,235
3,878
3,276
96.4
87.3
72.3
111.8
80.1
19.7
19.0
15.4
16.0
16.2
307.3
287.4
277.8
315.3
275.2
0,027 18,000 18,691 19,253 20,122
1,876 10,634 10,861 11,322 11,992
7.0
6.8
6.0
7.3
6.3
15.1
12.1
8.3
11.3
9.7

2441
2448
2449

12.0
17.9
14.8

12.5
19.1
14.7

12.8
22.1
13.8

9.7
16.8
10.9

10.2
18.9
11.1

10.0
20.7
10.7

9.0
22.6
10.9

2452
2491
2492,9

27.4
12.5
63.9

27.2
12.8
69.5

22.7
13.3
70.2

17.6
12.9
55.8

19.6
11.8
62.7

21.3
12.5
64.6

25.1
13.0
69.1

2517,9
2521
2522
2541
2542
2591
2599
3251
3255
3253,9
3261

18.1
12.1
28.4
29.0
24.6
13.8
10.2
24.9
12.3
18.4
10.3

19.0
12.8
30.0
31.8
26.9
14.7
10.9
26.1
13.2
18.0
11.0

19.1
13.5
32.5
31.5
27.2
15.3
10.3
25.6
13.8
18.8
11.5

14.2
11.3
27.3
25.9
24.1
12.2
9.9
18.0
13.4
14.8
8.6

14.0
11.7
25.1
28.0
24.1
13.1
9.3
20.0
11.7
14.4
9.8

14.8
14.0
26.7
29.8
26.5
14.2
10.2
20.1
13.0
14.3
10.2

16.8
16.2
29.7
32.1
28.2
16.0
11.1
21.6
12.9
14.8
11.3

3262,3
3264
3269
3274,5
328
3293
3295

10.1
10.8
11.7
21.7
13.4
23.6
13.2

11.0
11.9
12.4
22.2
13.8
27.4
13.6

9.8
12.6
13.5
22.1
13.4
30.0
15.0

9.7
11.3
13.3
19.8
12.3
22.7
14.6

9.8
10.2
14.8
19.8
11.9
24.6
13.9

8.9
10.7
14.9
19.7
12.1
25.9
14.8

9.5
10.8
14.6
21.0
11.9
27.9
14.7

3297,9
3313
3315
3316
3324
3331
3332,3
3339
334
3354

14.7
14.6
20.9
16.6
8.7
17.6
9.0
8.3
17.5
30.2

16.6
15.5
21.9
18.5
10.1
17.7
9.2
8.3
17.8
31.3

17.6
15.9
22.8
19.4
9.7
17.2
9.5
10.2
20.4
32.4

15.8
15.7
20.3
17.0
8.3
17.4
9.8
10.5
18.9
24.2

16.3
13.5
20.7
16.5
8.5
15.3
9.4
10.8
19.3
25.5

15.4
14.8
20.8
17.8
9.7
15.7
9.2
10.0
20.6
30.3

17.5
14.1
23.1
19.8
11.9
15.7
9.4
10.1
21.6
33.9

3355,6
3362
3369
339
3398
3399
3412
3421

22.1
17.2
18.9
17.7
9.9
7.8
12.9
13.9

23.4
19.5
21.5
19.1
10.4
8.7
12.7
14.5

25.6
20.7
19.1
20.6
10.8
9.8
13.2
15.2

22.3
18.6
15.1
18.6
10.5
8.1
11.8
14.7

21.5
17.9
18.2
18.8
10.4
8.4
12.5
14.9

22.9
18.7
20.3
20.9
11.3
9.6
13.1
15.3

23.6
19.2
20.3
23.0
12.9
10.1
13.3
16.0

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March, 1972-78—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry title

Metal sanitary ware
Prefabricated metal buildings
Misc. metal work......
Nonferrous forgings and crowns and
closures
•
Steel springs, except wire
Wire springs
•
Fabricated pipe and fittings
•
Metal foil and leaf, and fabricated
pipe fittings. •
Lawn and garden equipment
Elevators and moving stairways*•••••
Hoists, cranes, and monorails
Rolling mill machinery
Metalworking machinery, nee
Woodworking machinery.
••••
Paper industries machinery
Special industry machinery, nee
Industrial patterns
Industrial furnaces and ovens.••••••
General industrial machinery, nee...
Office machines, scales and
balances, exc. laboratory
Automatic merchandising machines....
Commercial laundry equipment
Measuring and dispensing pumps and
service ind. mach., nee
Welding apparatus, electric
Carbon and graphite products
Electrical industrial apparatus, nee
Household cooking equipment.........
Other household appliances.••
Commercial lighting fixtures
Vehicular & lighting equipment, nee.
Phonograph records
Electronic capacitors
•
Electronic resistors and connectors.
Electronic coils and transformers.••
Primary batteries, dry and wet
X-ray apparatus and tubes
Other misc. electrical equipment....
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts
Space propulsion units and other
space vehicle equipment
•••••••
Other transportation equipment
Fluid meters and counting devices.••
Measuring and controlling devices,
nee
Dental equipment and supplies
Silverware and plated ware
Jewelers' materials and lapidary
work
••••••
Pens and mechanical pencils
Lead pencils and art goods*.••
Marking devices, carbon paper and
inked ribbons
Artificial flowers and buttons
Needles, pins, and fasteners
Brooms and brushes
Burial caskets
Manufacturing industries, nee
Nondurable goods
Poultry and egg processing
Creamery butter and condensed and
evaporated milk.•
•••••••••••

March
1972 1

March
1973

March
19741

3431
3448
3449

12.5
16.1
8*4

13.2
20.4
9.6

12.8
24.4
12.2

8.8
17.7
10.4

9.9
19.8
8.9

10.5
20.1
8.6

11.2
25.4
10.3

3463,6
3493
3495
3498

9.3
7.9
14.7
22.9

9.8
8.1
15.9
23.3

10.3
8.2
16.4
23.4

10.3
7.0
12.8
24.1

10.0
8.2
13.4
24.7

11.3
8.5
15.0
24.4

10.9
8.4
16.1
26.0

3497,9
3524
3534
3536
3547
3549
3553
3554
3559
3565
3567
3569

45.3
16.6
16.6
16.6
11.4
13.1
10.3
14.3
48.5
9.4
16.9
39.7

48.1
19.5
16.7
18.0
11.9
13.1
12.1
16.2
53.0
10.3
18.9
42.1

49.1
19.
16.3
19.6
13.5
13.
13.4
18.4
58.
10.
20.5
45.

40.8
18.8
14.1
19.7
14.3
12.9
11.2
19.0
56.2
9.6
18.4
43.8

44.3
18.0
11.7
19.3
12.8
11.5
10.7
17.9
52.5
9.4
17.5
42.9

46.9
18.8
11.4
20.0
10.4
12.4
11.2
18.2
54.1
10.0
18.0
41.9

49.0
20.7
11.9
16.9
10.2
13.1
12.4
18.0
57.0
10.4
19.5
44.2

3576,9
3581
3582

31.7
10.2
6.2

32.0
10.9
6.4

35.0
12.8
6.2

31.8
7.1
5.4

30.7
7.8
5.6

35.1
7.7
5.8

35.2
9.8
6.0

3586,9
3623
3624
3629
3631
3635,6,9
3646
3647,8
3652
3675
3676,8
3677
3692
3693
3699
375

35.8
14.1
12.7
11.0
22.4
34.4
16.3
20.1
23.9
18.9
10.0
15.5
11.0
11.6
13.9
17.5

37.5
15.7
13.6
12.7
25.2
38.1
17.4
21.2
25.3
22.2
12.0
18.8
12.1
13.3
14.1
19.7

38.
17.0
14.4
14.1
20.9
39.3
18.3

17.1
20.7
13.7
15.0
13.8
20.5

37.3
17.2
13.4
11.2
16.4
29.6
14.2
19.3
20.5
15.7
13.6
15.1
11.1
17.0
10.7
13.9

37.0
15.6
12.6
10.7
21.9
33.5
13.4
23.0
24.2
18.6
12.9
17.2
12.8
17.9
11.2
17.1

37.1
16.7
13.4
11.8
24.3
33.0
14.6
22.7
24.0
20.3
15.9
20.2
14.7
18.3
14.9
17.3

38.1
18.3
13.1
13.8
25.6
37.3
15.3
25.3
27.1
23.6
19.0
22.4
16.2
22.7
16.2
19.1

3764,9
3795,9
3824

17.0
15.1
13.6

15.9
16.9
13.9

14.1
15.7
15.2

13.8
16.2
13.5

14.6
17.4
13.3

18.0
19.1
14.3

18.4
20.9
14.6

3829
3843
3914

17.1
11.9
10.9

17.7
12.7
11.9

18.5
14.5
12.7

17.7
14.9
11.2

17.5
15.4
11.6

19.1
16.9
11.6

21.2
16.9
11.7

3915
3951
3952

7.1
10.7
8.5

8.0
11.7
8.6

8.1
12.3
9.1

8.0
9.9
8.3

9.3
11.3
9.0

9.0
11.2
8.9

12.2

3953,5
3962,3
3964
3991
3995
3996,9

13.4
10.5
21.6
16.9
14.9
58.8

14.1
11.1
21.7
18.3
14.9
62.1

14.2
10.4
20.2
17.4
14.5
62.6

12.9
8.9
16.4
15.2
13.6
55.4

13.8
9.9
1/.5
17.3
12.8
58.1

14.2
8.9
19.6
18.1
12.5
59.9

14.8
8.9
19.4
17.8
12.7
63.0

7,961

8,172

8,151

7,366

7,830

7,931

8,130

2017

13.2

13.5

14.9

12.8

14.5

13.6

12.9

2021,3

18.3

17.4

17.6

17.7

16.4

15.4

14.9

1972
SIC CODE

20-23,26-31

21.5
24.0
25.0

March
1975

March
1976

March
1977

March
1978

9.6
9.6

See footnotes at end of table.




15

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March, 1972-78—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry title

1972
SIC CODE

Ice cream and frozen desserts
Dehydrated fruits, soups, and
vegetables
Pickles, sauces, and salad dressings
Frozen specialties
Cereal breakfast foods
Wet corn milling
••
Dog, cat, and other pet food
Rice milling and blended and
prepared flour
•••••••
Chocolate and cocoa products and
chewing gum
Oil mills
Animal and marine fats and oils
Shortening and cooking oils
Malt and other flavoring extracts
and syrups
Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits...
Distilled liquor, exc. brandy
Canned and cured seafoods
Fresh or frozen packaged fish
Roasted coffee
Misc. food preparation
•
Cigars
Other tobacco manufactures
Knit fabric and knitting mills, nee.
Finishing plants, n e e .
Wool yarn mills
••••••••••
Thread mills
Coated fabrics, not rubberized
Tire cord and fabric
Cordage and twine
Other textile goods
Men's and boys' underwear
Men's and boys' neckwear
••
Men's and boys' clothing, nee
•
Hats, caps, and millinery*••••
Children's coats and suits
Children's outerwear, nee
Fur goods
Fabric dress and work gloves
Robes and dressing gowns
Waterproof outer garments
Apparel and accessories, nee
Textile bags
Canvas and related products
Pleating and stitching
•
Other fabricated textile products.••
Pulp mills
Building paper and board mills
Die-cut paper and board
Sanitary paper products
Other converted paper products
Set-up paperboard boxes
Fiber cans, drums, and similar
products
••
Engraving and plate printing
Commercial printing, gravure
Greeting card publishing
Blankbooks and looseleaf binders*•••
Bookbinding and related work........
Typesetting
Other publishing and printing
Alkalies and chlorine*••
Industrial gases

See footnotes at end of table*

16



March
1972

March
1973

March
197A1

March
1975

March
1976

March
1977

March
1978

2024

20.5

21.3

19.6

19.4

18.8

19.4

18.2

2034
2035
2038
2043
2046
2047

15.1
22.4
24.2
13.6
16.2
13.6

13.8
21.5
26.6
14.9
14.4
14.6

15.4
23.1
27.1
15.8
14.2
16.1

14.4
21.0
23.6
16.1
13.5
16.9

16.3
23.8
27.1
16.1
12.3
17.7

16.8
23.0
29.3
16.8
13.3
lb.6

16.6
24.3
31.9
16.4
13.0
17.8

2044,5

10.2

10.7

11.7

11.9

11.6

12.3

12.6

2066,7
2074,5,6
2077
2079

20.9
16.0
11.4
11.4

19.9
16.7
11.4
11.4

19.4
17.7
11.6
12.3

16.9
17.3
11.4
12.7

19.4
17.5
10.8
13.5

20.0
16.2
12.5
12.9

18.9
18.5
11.1
13.3

2083,7
2084
2085
2091
2092
2095
2097-9
212
213,4
2258,9
2269
2283
2284
2295
2296
2298
2291-4,7,9
2322
2323
2329
2351,2
2363
2369
237
2381
2384
2385
2386,7,9
2393
2394
2395
2397,9
261
266
2645
2647
2646,8,9
2652

12.2
9.7
22.1
17.1
29.2
14.6
86.4
15.2
15.0
28.9
19.0
15.8
11.7
13.1
11.6
11.1
36.0
20.5
10.1
56.1
14.2
8.7
27.2
4.7
13.5
12.4
18.1
20.8
7.7
14.1
17.6
24.2
13.4
13.4
16.7
15.4
40.8
16.3

12.9
10.6
20.7
15.9
27.8
14.6
87.4
14.7
14.3
29.0
20.0
17.6
12.5
13.7
12.1
11.1
37.1
19.9
10.3
59.1
15.6
9.8
36.3
4.3
15.4
12.5
17.9
21.4
8.0
15.3
16.9
34.7
13.9
14.0
18.5
16.5
42.0
16.1

13.4
11.5
19.8
18.0
27.5
15.3
88.1
14.5
13.3
30.0
20.3
14.7
11.9
13.0
12.8
11.8
37.9
19.0
9.2
57.4
15.1
8.8
34.3
3.5
16.6
12.4
16.1
20.4
8.7
15.1
16.4
30.7
14.3
13.9
18.5
16.3
45.2
15.8

13.3
12.6
19.0
16.4
24.5
14.1
83.6
12.4
14.1
25.9
15.6
10.2
8.3
10.8
10.9
9.9
31.7
13.9
6.5
49.2
15.2
7.5
30.6
3.6
12.5
9»2
14.0
19.9
7.4
13.0
13.5
24.4
14.1
11.2
16,0
15.3
38.6
12.1

13.2
11.5
19.3
16.7
26.8
14.2
87.4
10.4
12.7
26.7
18.4
10.9
10.9
12.8
11.8
10.0
35.9
15.7
7.5
55.6
15.7
8.8
34.6
4.0
12.3
11.1
14.5
22.5
8.1
13.3
15.2
30.0
15.6
11.8
16.9
19.3
41.2
13.6

13.2
11.1
18.5
17.7
28.6
13.8
92.1
9.4
13.7
24.7
17.3
11.7
11.0
12.7
12.0
10.7
34.6
15.9
6.7
57.7
15.4
8.1
34.0
4.0
13.9
11.3
13.6
21.6
8.5
13.4
15.0
29.9
16.8
12.1
17.2
22.3
42.6
13.3

14.2
12.9
18.5
18.5
30.8
13.7
96.8
9.1
14.3
25.1
16.4
10.9
10.9
12.0
11.0
10.5
36.6
16.5
7.2
60.7
15.6
8.2
33.9
4.2
14.5
11.7
13.1
21.8
9.3
13.9
17.2
29.7
17.3
13.5
17.4
25.5
44.9
13.0

2655
2753
2754
111
2782
2789
2791
2793-5
28.12
2813

18.1
12.3
9.0
21.2
30.9
25.9
24.2
17.5
24.0
15.4

20.7
12.8
9.3
22.9
32.9
26.0
24.5
17.3
23.6
16.1

21.6
12.7
8.4
22.5
34.1
24.9
23.9
16.7
22.8
16.9

18.0
11.1
7.8
21.9
31.8
23.1
23.4
15.6
23.2
17.1

19.0
11.6
7.8
20.0
32.0
23.0
22.9
15.1
21.8
17.6

18.5
11.6
10.0
21.0
33.5
22.8
23.8
15.0
21.9
21.3

19.0
11.2
12.0
22.0
35.9
24.0
24.8
15.4
23.6
21.0

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March, 1972-78- Continued
(In thousands)
Industry title

1972
SIC CODE

Inorganic pigments
Synthetic rubber
Cellulosic man-made fibers
Biological products
Medicinals and botanicals
Nitrogenous fertilizers
Phosphatic fertilizers
Fertilizers, mixing only......
Agricultural chemicals, nee.•••••••
Adhesives and sealants
Explosives. ••
•
Printing ink
•
Other chemical preparations
Paving mixtures and blocks
Asphalt felts and coatings.
Misc. petroleum and coal products.••
Fabricated rubber products
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings
House slippers
•
Footwear, except rubber, nee
Women's handbags and purses
Personal leather goods, nee
Other leather products, nee.........
Service-producing

•

•••••

Transportation and public utilities.••
Transportation •••••••
Other railroads and switching and
terminal companies
Other passenger transit services....
Trucking, local and long distance.••
Trucking terminal facilities
Deep sea transportation
Water transportation services
Other water transportation
Air transportation services
Freight forwarding
Arrangement of transportation
Other transportation services
Telegraph communication
Communication services, nee
Water supply
Steam supply and irrigation systems.
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Farm-product raw materials
Retail trade
,
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores.•
Retail nurseries and garden stores.•
Mobile home dealers
,
Other food stores
New and used car dealers
Used car dealers
,
Other automotive dealers
Women's accessory and specialty
stores
,
Children's and infants' wear stores..
Furriers and other misc. apparel
and accessories
,
Used merchandise stores
»••••<
Finance, insurance, and real estate....

2816
2822
2823
2831
2833
2873
2874
2875
2879
2891
2892
2893
2895,9
2951
2952
299
303,4,6
313
3142
3149
3171
3172
315,9
40-49
40-42,
44-47
4012
414,7
421
423
441,2
446
443-5
458
471
472
474,8
482
489
494
496,7
50-59
50-51
515
52-59
523
526
527
543-5,9
551
552
555-7,9
563
564
568,9
593
60-67

March
1972 1

March
1973

March March
1974 * 1975

March
1976

March
1977

March
1978

11.4
16.4
38.7
17.9
14.8
11.0
15.6
13.8
18.3
13.8
23.2
11.3
40.9
10.9
18.5
11.3
133.1
13.2
10.6
35.1
20.3
12.4
13.5

12.2
17.1
39.8
18.3
14.8
11.3
15.8
15.4
19.0
14.2
23.2
11.1
39.9
10.6
20.0
10.9
145.3
12.4
11.5
25.5
21.5
12.6
13.6

13.6
16.7
38.3
19.3
14.7
11.2
15.7
16.0
21.1
15.5
22.4
12.4
40.6
10.9
19.4
11.5
144.2
11.4
11.4
25.5
20.9
12.8
14.5

12.7
14.5
25.2
18.7
15.0
12.0
16.8
16.0
23.3
14.8
19.7
12.3
37.4
10.0
17.0
11.2
120.6
8c6
9.0
22.7
17.0
10.8
12.2

12.6
13.4
24.9
19.6
14.2
14.0
16.2
15.3
23.9
15.5
13.6
10.6
40.5
10.1
18.6
11.1
126.5
10.3
8.2
23.1
20.4
14.0
13.6

12.€
13.9
21. C
19.9
15.9
16.7
15.6
15.7
23.0
16.6
13.7
11.3
42.8
10.1
18.7
11.0
133.7
10.1
8.3
21.6
19.8
13.9
14.3

12.6
14.1
20.9
20.7
16.0
14.5
15.0
14.4
24.5
18.0
13.1
12.1
45.3
9.7
19.6
10.9
138.8
11.4
8.3
23.3
18.6
14.3
14.5

49,233

51,248

52,792

53,721

55,364

57,005

39,901

4,485
4,684
4,579
4,513
4,804
4,506
4,603
2,631.3 2,700.8 2,754.2 2,610.2 2,617.3 2,696.8 2,828.6
56.0
9.3
998.8
4.5
54.7
116.0
35.3
32.0
34.0
64.2
20.3
24.2
28.4
17.1
2.3
15,495
4,048
134.3
11,447
48.1
33.7
35.2
74.5
762.6
38.6
67.7

54.8
10.1
1057.0
4.6
50.1
112.4
33.5
34.5
34.1
66.1
20.8
22.6
31.3
18.1
2.4
16,176
4,205
135.4
11,971
49.4
36.2
39.0
80.1
797.1
43.8
72.0

46.2
10.7
1092.7
5.0
47.1
112.4
37.3
34.4
36.4
70.8
22.4
20.3
31.7
18.3
2.6
16,537
4,374
134.5
12,163
50.2
44.6
36.0
85.8
748.0
42.6
72.4

53.2
11.1
982.1
4.5
45.1
108.3
39.3
36.7
36.8
74.1
21.2
19.0
34.3
18.4
2.6
16,571
4,354
131.3
12,217
51.3
41.5
28.6
89.6
715.3
40.6
67.1

26.5
21.1

28.0
20.8

25.6
20.6

25.4
21.4

25.0
22.3

23.6
23.7

22.8
24.7

29.7
35.2
3,841

29.4
36.8
3,989

30.7
38.7
4,107

30.7
42.2
4,117

32.9
45.8
4,204

34.4
48.4
4,377

37.0
51.1
4,623

43.0
43.8
11.1
12.3
1023.0 1,071.3
5.0
4.6
42.7
42.9
107.4
103.8
36.8
39.7
36.8
39.2
40.2
36.6
80.5
90.6
19.6
20.2
17.8
18.0
40.4
37.5
19.0
18.5
3.0
3.3
17,245 17,891
4,607
4,480
136.2
142.2
12,765 13,284
55.7
53.2
45.7
47.0
27.0
27.0
93.0
95.2
790.8
759.2
45.0
45.9
76.4
73.0

48.0
13.1
1164.8
5.2
42.7
117.3
41.8
41.0
43.3
102.6
21.3
18.2
44.1
19.4
3.2
18,878
4,852
143.9
14,026
58.0
48.5
29.6
103.8
828.9
47.1
81.9

See footnotes at end of table.




17

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March, 1972-78- Continued
(In thousands)
Industry title

Mutual savings banks
Other related banking functions.•••••
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers*
Credit agencies other than banks, nee
Other security, commodity brokers
and services
•
Other insurance carriers
Title abstract offices
Holding offices* *
*
Holding and other investment
offices, nee
Services
*
••
Veterinary, animal, landscape, and
horticultural services
Camps and trailering parks
Other lodging places
Photographic studios, portrait
Barber shops
*
Misc. personal services*•••••
Other business services
Automotive rentals, without drivers*•
Automobile parking
Automotive services, except repairs*•
Electrical repair shops
Reupholstery and furniture repair*•••
Misc. repair services, nee
Motion picture distribution and
services
*
Producers, orchestras, entertainers
Bowling and billiard establishments.•
Commercial sports
Amusement and recreation
services, nee
Offices of osteopathic physicians*•••
Offices of other health practitioners
Medical and dental laboratories
*
Health services, nee
Correspondence and vocational schools
Educational services, nee
Individual and family services
Job training and related services*•••
Child day care services
*
Residential care
Social services, nee*
•
Museums, botanical, and
zoological gardens* ••••
«•••
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations*••
Religious organizations
Political and membership org*, nee***
Miscellaneous services, n e e .
Nonclassifiable establishments
Government* *
*
••••
Federal * *
Small arms ammunition and ordnance
Other manufacturing
Trade division
Finance division
Other services*••••
State and local government
State government* *
See footnotes at end of table*

18



March March
1974 ' 1975

March
1973

603
601,4,5
615
616
611,3

40.4
45.5
22.0
40.3
13.0

43.7
48.2
23.3
43.9
13.8

46.9
52.4
24.2
44.3
14.3

49.1
56.0
24.2
41.3
15.2

53.0
56.2
23.6
43.7
15.8

58.1
57.2
22.7
48.1
15.6

62.8
59.2
23.4
56.0
16.4

622,3,8
635-7,9
654
671

28.0
50.1
15.5
30.9

28.4
54.0
17.4
33.3

27.8
54.4
16.1
34.4

28.1
55.4
14.9
37.5

28.9
59.9
17.0
37.7

32.4
61.8
20.3
41.9

35.5
70.8
22.6
44.5

40.4
11,991

42.5
12,650

45.0
13,191

47.4
13,632

51.3
14,284

50.7
14,935

55.8
15,870

134.3
15.0
19.1
30.4
31.8
73.7
814.4
65.5
37.3
64*2
60.5
22.1
112.8

145.2
16.4
19.2
33.0
30.4
89.6
885.6
78.0
38.7
64.3
62.4
22.9
117.2

140.8
13.8
23.4
32.8
28.0
104*4
918.5
81.7
36.8
60.3
66.1
21.5
127.1

141.9
15.2
21.3
33.1
26.5
108.5
964.4
79.7
35.7
58.2
65.1
20.2
130.9

157.5
14.4
20.6
35.0
26.4
109.7
995.6
83.1
36.2
58.7
68.3
21.4
137.0

12.0
62.3
98.0
49.0

11.3
57.8
98.0
55.4

11.0
63.1
102.0
48.4

10.4
62.6
103.0
55.7

9.8
65.8
106.4
60.6

10.4
72.1
112.2
60.5

11.1
76.2
115.1
60.7

791,9
803
804
807
808,9
824
823,9
832
833
835
836
839

252.5
13.1
42.1
67.6
73.1
43.5
40.5
73.1
71.5
150.0
107.4
117.2

278.0
14.4
48.9
73.6
83.8
49.2
44.0
75.9
75.1
159.0
113.4
117.9

297.8
15.4
56.3
78.3
91.9
48.2
48.3
84.9
91.8
168.7
126.1
135.0

308.9
16.3
59.6
80.5
108.1
44.6
52.3
96.4
84.7
196.8
141.2
142.9

328.0
17.5
62.7
87.0
122.3
45.9
56.9
102.8
101.8
216.8
152.9
162.9

355.7
19.4
69.0
92.2
135.2
44.4
54.9
112.6
120.1
238.9
175.8
175.4

383.0
21.0
77.4
96.3
157.7
45.9
63.2
127.1
149.8
275.8
190.0
204.2

841,2
861
862
863
864
866
865,9
892,9
99

20.1
62*4
24.2
118.6
270.9
883.6
44.4
92*6
35.8

22.2
65.8
26.0
130.0
276.3
866.4
48.6
97.0
45.8

23.9
69.1
27.4
137.2
284.3
866.5
52.0
100.9
62.9

24.7
74.3
27.6
138.6
293.2
861.0
55.9
106.7
80.1

25.7
74.7
31.8
138.9
294.6
881.3
64.9
107.9
123.0

25.7
75.6
30.7
142.6
296.5
882.7
60.4
109.3
110.5

28.8
79.7
33.2
141.6
304.5
875.0
64.9
116.2
111.3

13,421
2,683
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A*
N.A.
10,737
2,900

13,854
2,656
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
11,198
2,978

14,273
2,691
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
11,582
3,085

14,888
2,724
26.5
43.3
86.5
19.5
14.1.2
12,163
3,258

15,125
2,724
27.5
40.2
84.0
16.5
138.7
12,401
3,311

15,199
2,71
28.6
41.
87.
17.2
143.
12,485
3,42

15,726
2,725
19.4
32.2
74.4
19.1
154.7
13,001
3,502

672,3,9
07,70-86,
89,99
074,5,8
703
702,4
722
724
725,9
735,9
751
752
754
762
764
763,9
782
792
793
794

March
1976

March
1977

March
1978

March
1972 1

1972
SIC CODE

180.7
166.4
13.6
14.7
17.8
18.5
40.5
36.0
27.3
26.8
135.4
122.3
,035.7 1,132.0
88.3
102.5
36.7
37.4
63.1
69.3
69.9
76.3
22.0
22.3
140.6
156.8

Table 6. Employment benchmarks for industries not published monthly, March, 1972-78—Continued
(In thousands)
Industry title

Other State government
Construction division*••
Transportation and public
utilities.
Social services
Services, except hospitals,
education, and social services
All other State government
Local government
Other local government
Social services
Services, except hospitals,
education, and social services

1972
SIC CODE

March
1972 1

March
1973

March
1974 *

March
1975

March
1976

March
1977

March
1978

1,632.8 1,689.1 1,745.2 1,839.4 1,866.6 1,947.3 2,034.5
279.6
280.9
257.0
279.8
271.5
268.1
272.0
25.3
113.6

25.9
124.8

26.3
136.9

26.7
157.2

29.4
157.9

30.7
164.7

31.8
161.6

68.1
71.7
93.2
78.3
103.8
89.3
85.1
694.0
715.8
914.7
855.4
820.0
798.0
743.1
9,499
8,904
7,836
9,058
9,089
8,219
8,496
3,321.3 3,488.4 3,625.3 3,797.9 3,901.3 3,870.7 4,113.1
228.7
171.1
186.6
188.1
187.5
176.3
181.5

98.8

101.8

103.5

111.0

109.7

108.8

108.9

Data for 1972 and 1974 are estimates, not universe counts.
Note: Includes overall total and industry division totals which are published regularly.
nee • not elsewhere classified




19

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Seasonal Factors
The following tables present seasonal adjustment factors for all series in the establishment section of this periodical. These factors were derived using data through May 1979 The factors should be used
with current estimates (adjusted to the March 1978 benchmarks) beginning July 1979.
The seasonal movements are measured in order to adjust the data statistically for such recurring events as warm and cold weather, crop-growing cycles, holidays, vacations, regular industry model changeover periods, and the like. These movements are generally the largest single component of month-to-month change in employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover. The seasonal factors which follow
enable the analyst to remove these influences from the data in order to determine more basic trends.

7. Seasonal adjustment factors for employees on nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group
197 9

1980

Industry

JAN.

HAH.

APR.

HAT

JUNE

97,7

98.5

99.1

100.0

102,0

88.2

91.6

96.8

100.3

104.7

97.0
99.8
97.1
99.4
99.3
100.4
99.5
99.5
99.7
98.1

98.4
99.5
99.0
99.9
99.5
100.1
9 9.3
99.9
99.7
98.5

100.2
99.3
100.5
100.4
99.9
99.7
99.5
100.7
99.8
99.9

103.4
99.9
102.5
101.4
100.7
100.3
100.2
101.0
100.8
101.4

9 9.2
99.7
99.2
97.4
9 9.6
98.3

9 5.9
93.1
99,7
99.5
99.0
99.7
99.3
97.4
99.3
99.0

96.0
93.7
99.7
100.2
99.0
99.8
99.6
97. 9
99.3
99.5

95.9
90.1
99.8
99.9
99.2
99.8
99.6
99.0
98.8
100.3

96.8
88.4
100.0
100.3
99.8
99.9
99.7
100.1
99. 1
101.1

99.8
90.1
101.0
101.6
101.3
100.1
100.7
102.1
100.6
102.9

98.8

98.7

98.9

99.3

99.9

100.8

100.3
104.4

99.3
98.9

99.0
97.2

99.5
99.3

99.8
100.0

100.6
100.5

99.8

99.7

99.2

99.2

99.4

99.7

100.0

100.9

99.9

99.5

98. 1

98.7

99.5

100.1

100.5

101.1

99.6
101. 9

99.4
101.7

99.0
100.4

99,3
101.9

99.4
102.4

99.7
102.1

100.1
102. 0

101.3
100.7

JULY

AUG.

SEPT.

OCT.

NOV.

MINING

10-:. 1

101.9

100.7

100,3

100.1

99.3

98.2

CONSTRUCTION

106.5

108.0

10b.7

106.0

103.5

98.5

88.9

...

.103. 1
D7.*
102.2
100.4
v 9. 2

...'..

\!C) . 4

103.7
100. u
102.6
100.0
100. 1
99.0
9 9.9
2
99.2
100. 1
102. 1

102.a
101. 1
102.2
100.7
101. 1
10 0.0
100.9
2
100. 1
100. 1
103.6

101.5
101.2
101.7
99.9
100.9
99.7
10 0.9
100. C
99.9
104.0

59.7
101.2
101.2
99.5
100.7
100. 1
101.0
100.8
100.3
103.0

98.6
100. 9
99. 1
99.7
100.3
100.5
100.o
101.2
100.2
98.7

96.2
100. u
96.2
99.5
99.5
100.4
99.8
100.3
99.o
96.2

106.7
108.3
1u0. 5
100.5
100.9
99.9
10 0.9
102.3
100.o
101.U

1 07.3
110.6
100. 6
101.2
100. o
100. 1
100.4
101.3
101.5
9 9.9

103.5
1 10.9
10 0.3
101.4
100.4
100.2
100.2
100.7
101.6
100.1

100.0
108.4
100.5
101. 1
100.3
100.3
100. 1
100.2
101.2
100.4

98.9
107.2
100.1
99.6
100. 1
100.7

96.7
102.2

99.7
9 9.0
100. 4
99.5

100.t

100.3

101.2

100.5

100.5

100.6

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

100.5
yy. 8

100.5
9 9.9

100.3
100.5

100.5
100.3

100. 3
101.7

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

101.2

101. 0

IOC. 1

99.9

SERVICES

101.3

101.0

100.2

100.2

101.9
94.8

101. 1

99.6
97.4

99.5
100.8

DEC.

FEB.

TOTAL

MANUFACTURING1
DURABLE G O O D S 1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical

Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .

J-J.

1

2

09. y

Miscellaneous manufacturing i n d . .
NONDURABLE G O O D S 1
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products
Leather and leather products

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

1 u 1 . ti
91. 7
v li. 2
'JO.O

1^0. 2
*y. 7
100.6
102. 7
9 8.8
b>>. 0

9 9. 6
98. 1

96.0
99.9
95.6
99.1
99.0
100.4
99.6
98.5
99.3
97.2

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
4

99.3
97.7

4

GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL 3
STATE AND LOCAL

1

93. b

Seasonally adjusted data derived by summation of components.

2 Factors shown for July, August and September are based on data excluding motor
vehicles (SIC 371). Comparable factor for June is 100.9

3 Based on data which exclude temporary Christmas employees of the Postal Service during
December.
4

Factors shown are for 1980. Factors for March and April

respectively.

20




1979 were 97.8 and 98.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
8. Seasonal adjustment factors for wemen employees on nonagricultural payrolls,
by industry division and major manufacturing group
1979
Industry

JOLY

AUG.

102.0

101.6

SEPT.

1980
OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JAN.

FEB

HAB.

APR.

HAY

JOME

TOTAL
MINING....
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING

100.2

99*7

99.7

98.5

98.6

98.9

99.4

99.8

99.5

101.9

98.1

98.6

99.6

101.4

101.7

102.0

101.3

100.9

100.3

99.5

98.3

98.2

101.1
95. 9
100.9
100.0
98. 8
99.5
98.5
100. 1
9S. 1
96.5

102.2
98.8
101.^
100.0
9 9.8
99.1
99.9
99. 1
100.0
102.1*

102.1
101.2
101.6
100.0
101. 1
99.9
101.3
102.3
100.2
105.2

101.5
101.9
101.6
100.0
101.4
100.0
101.5
101.3
100.5
10b.2

100.6
102.3
101.4
100.0
101.2
100.4
101.5
100.9
100.6
104.6

99.0
101.6
99.5
100.0
100.3
100.6
100.7
100.3
100.5
98.0

100.5
98.2
100.0
99.2
100.4
99.5
99.4
99.6
94.2

97.5

96.9
100.0
97.8
100.0
98.7
100.3
99.2
97.7
99.6
96.3

97.8
99.6
98.0
100.0
99.1
100.4
99.2
98.7
99.5
97.6

99.0
99.6
98.7
100.0
99.6
100.0
99.2
99.3
99.7
97.8

100.5
99.7
99.8
100.0
100.1
99.5
99.4
100.2
99.8
99.8

102.2
99.1
101.4
100.0
101.0
100.1
100.2
101.1
101. 1
101.5

101.8
86.3
98. 1
96.2
9 9.8
99.7
10C.8
103,0
97.3
98.2

11 1.8
110.4
100.5
100.3
101. ^
y9.9
101.5
102.2
99,0
101.4

114.5
114.3
100.3
101.1
101.2
9 9.8
101.3
100. 1
102.3
100.3

106.8
114.9
100.8
101.4
101.4
100.3
101.1
99.4
102.5
100.5

102. 1
112.5
100.8
101.2
101.2
100.4
100.3
98.9
101.7
100.9

97.8
109.9
99.9
99.6
100. 1
100.8
99.5
98.9
100.5
99.4

93.6
102.5
99.1
98.0
98.6
99.6
.98. 6
98.2
99.3
98.0

92.7
98.6
99.4
99.7
98.3
99.6
98.7
98.4
99.3
98.5

93.8
92.1
99.6
100.5
98.4
99.9
99.2
99.2
99.4
99.0

93.3
86.5
100.0
100.2
98.8
100.0
99.1
99.8
99.0
99.8

94.1
84.9
100.1
100.4
99.3
99.9

99.4
100.0
99.2
101.1

98.2
86.7
101.0
101.6
101.8
100.1
100.8
101.9
100.6
103.0

9S.3

99.1

100.4

100.6

100.4

100.5

100.0

99.6

99.8

99.6

100.2

100.7

101.1

101.0

99.6

99.1

99.3

99.3

99.4

100.2

1

DURABLE GOODS1
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures ,
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries 2
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

.

....

NONDURABLE GOODS1
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products . . . .
Leather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE A N D R E T A I L T R A D E

1

100.4

101.3

S9.5

99.9

99.0

99.2

FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
R E A L ESTATE

100.8

100.7

100.0

99.9

100.0

100.0

99.4

99.5

99.7

99.7

99.8

100.6

SERVICES

100.4

100-1

100.1

100.3

100.1

99.8

98.6

99.2

99.9

100.3

100.5

100.8

102.4
39.6

100.9
88.1

98.6
96.7

98.8
101.7

98.9
103.2

99.1
102.9

99.2
101.7

99.6
103.4

99.7
104.1

100.4
103.7

100.6
103.8

101.7
101.0

WHOLESALE T R A D E
RETAIL TRADE

100.3

100.5

102.7

107.2

99.0

96.7

3

97.2

*98.8

99.6

99.8

GOVERNMENT1
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

Seasonally adjusted data derived by summation of components.
T*» seasonal factors are not computed because the seasonal component* is smalt ratatfvt
ttv tm trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated w t *
Mfffctant precision.
2




3
Factors shown are for 1980. Factors for March and April) 1979 were 97.0 and 98.9
respectively.

21

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
3. • Seasonal adjustment factors for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
197 9
SEPT,

1980
OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JIN.

FEB.

HJkfi.

JULY

IDG.

MINING .

102.4

101.9

100.7

100.3

100.3

99 . 3

98-1

97 . 5

98. 3

CONSTRUCTION

107.5

109.6

108,1

107,4 104.4

93 . 3

86.6

85 . 7

1u3. 3
97.0
102.6
100. 1
(
J«.8
9 8. 8
yfl.5

104.0
10U.0
103.0
99.9
1U0.0
98.3
99.6
3
98.6
99.9
102.6

102. 7
101.1
102.5
100.8
101.3
99.9
101.2
3
99.9
100. 1
104.5

101.6
101.3
102.1
99.9
101.1
99.7
101.2
101.3
99.8
105.1

99.6
101.4
101.4
99.6
100.9
100.3
101.4
101.3
100.5
103.7

98.3
101.0
99.0
99.7
100.4
101.0
101.0
101.8
100.5
98. 1

95. 9
100.0
95.4
9 9.5
99.4
100.7
99.7
100.5
100.0
95.2

JB. 0
96.3
100. 1
9 9.2
100. 4
103.4
<J8.4
90.0

109.2
109.7
1U0.O
100. 0
101.0
99.6
100.6
103.1
100.4
1U1.2

1 10.2
112.3
100.7
101.3
100.0
100.3
100.4
101.6
10 1 . 3
99.3

104.9
112.7
100.4
101.5
100.5
100.3
100.1
101.2
101.9
99.8

101.4
110. 1
100.5
101.2
100.3
100.3
99.8
100.3
101.3
100.3

98.5
108.8
11)0.2
99.5
100. 1
101.1
99.5
93.4
100.4
99.1

100.6

100.4

101.3

100.6

100.5

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

10 0 . 6
7

100. o
99.

100. 4
100. 4

100. 5
100. 3

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

101. 4

101. 2

100. 1

SERVICES

101. 3

101. G

100. 2

APE.

HAT

JUNE

98. 7

100. 0

102.3

89. 9

96. 3

100. 4

105.4

95.8
99.9
94.8"
99.0
98.8
100.C
99.5
98.1
99.8
96.6

96.7
99.8
96.5
99.3
99.1
100.6
99.4
99.5
99.5
97.7

98.2
99.5
99.0
100.0
9S.4
100.4
99.1
100.0
99.6
98.2

100.4
99.2
100.8
100.6
99.9
99.6
99.4
101.1
99.9
100. 1

103.8
99.9
103.0
101.5
100.8
100.2
100.2
101.2
100.9
101.7

95.5
102.5
99.5
97.9
99. 1
99.5
99. 1
96.5
99.4
98.2

94.5
97.9
99.6
99.5
98.3
99.7
99.3
96.6
99.1
98.9

94.9
92.7
99.7
100.3
98.8
99.9
99.8
97.3
99.1
99.6

94.4
88.4
99.8
100.0
99.1
100.1
99.8
98.6
98.7
100.4

95.5
86.5
100.0
100.3
99.8
100.0
100.1
100.2
99.1
101.5

99.4
88.3
101.1
101.7
101.7
99.9
101.0
102.7
100.9
103.3

100.b

98.7

98.5

98.8

99.2

100.0

100.9

100. 4
101. 8

100. 3
104. C

99. 2
98. 8

98. 9
97. 0

99.5
99.2

99. 8
100. 0

100. 7
100. 4

99. 9

9 9. 8

99. 7

99. 0

99. 0

99. 3

9 9.. 6

100. 0

101. 1

100. 2

99. 8

99. 5

98. 0

93. 7

99. 5

100., 2

100. 6

101. 1

TOTAL

MANUFACTURING

2

DURABLE GOODS 2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

9^.5
96.9

NONDURABLE GOODS 2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products
Leather and leather products

102. 0

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

2

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers
in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
nvholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Seasonally adjusted data derived by summation of components.

22



4

99. 2
97. 6

4

3 Factors shown for July, August, and September are based on data excluding motor
vehicles (SIC 371). Comparable factor for June is 101.3.
« Factors shown are'for 1980. Factors for March and April 1979 were 97.6 and 99.2,
respectively.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
10. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1
en private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group
1980

1979
Industry
JULY

AUG.

SEPT.

OCT.

HO?.

DEC

JAN.

FEB

BAR.

APR.

HAY

JUNE

TOTAL PRIVATE '
MINING .

100.2

99.7

100.9

101.5

101.2

100.0,

97.8

98.9

99.6

99.4

99.9

100.7

CONSTRUCTION

102.5

1.02.2

101.1

102.6

99.3

99.9

93.3

96.7

99.8

100.0

100,4

101.8

100.2
93. 9
100.3
99.9
98.7
98.4
98. 6
9 9.9
99.0
9 8.5

100.9
100.9
101.0
99.6
9 9.8
99.2
99.8
97.2
99.5
9 9.6

100.9
101.0
100.6
100.7
100.3
100.1
100.4
100.3
100.3
100.4

101.1
101.2
T01.0
99.4
100.2
99.9
100..1
100.0
100.2
100.5

99.8
100.8
100.5
99.9
100.7
100.8
100.7
100.6
101.0
101.2

100.4
102.4100,6
100.7
102.2
102.8
102.0'
104.0
101.9
101.2

98.4
96.4
98.2
9S.5
97.7
97.0
99.7
99.7
99.1
99.2
99.6 100.0
99.5
99.5
9 8.7
97.8
99.6
98.8
99.0
99. 1

99.2
99.7
99.5
99.8
99.9
100.4
100.0
99..9
100.3
100.4

100.0
98-5
99.7
99.7
99.3
99.6
99.6
1Q0.0
99.3
100.0

100.6
99.3
100.6
100.0
100.0
99.4
99.6
100.3
100.1
99.8

102.1
100.9
101.3
100.9
100.7
100,0
100.5
101.2
100.2
100.3

100.7
93.8"
99.4
100.3
99.9
99.8
99.6
101.2
98.9
100.7

101.4
98.9
100.4
100.8
100. 0
100.4
99.6
99.7
99.6
100.4

101.6
101.4
100.5
100.4
100.7
101.0
100.2
101.3
100.5
99.5

100.3
101.4

100.5
100.1
100.3
100.0
100.9
100.4
100.0

100.5
103.3
100.6
100.9
100.4
100.7
100.4
100.9
100.7
100.4

101.1
101.9
101. 1
100.8
101.5
101.8
101.1
99.8
101.9
101. 1

98.5
98.8
97. 1 98.0
99.2
98.0
98.6
98.0
98.8
99.5
99.0
98.3
99.4
99.3
98.0
98.5
99.2 100.1
98.6
98.6

99.0
100.3
100.2
100.0
99.6
100.0
99.9
99.5
100.3
98.9

98.6
99.9
9 9.4
99.1
99.5
99.1
100.4
99.9
99.3
99.1

99.4
100.1
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.6
99.8
100.1
99.1
100.8

100.0
103.6
101.2
101.0
100.6
99.9
100.3
100.3
100.0
102.0

100.7

100.9

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.6

98.9

99.8

99.6

99.5

99.5

100.6

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

100. 6
103. 1

100. 4
102. 8

100. 2
100. 0

100.3
99.4

100. 0
99. 1

100. 6
101. 3

99. 2
97. 6

99.2
98.3

99. 8
98. 8

99.7
98.9

99. 8
99. 5

100.4
101.2

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

100. 3

100. 3

99. 7

100 . 2

99. 8

99. 9

100. 2

100.1

99. 8

99. 8

99. 9

99. 9

SERVICES

101. 4

101. 5

99. 9

99 . 9

99. 7

99.8

99. 4

99.5

99. 5

99. 4

99. 4

100. 6

MANUFACTURING2
DURABLE GOODS2
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical •
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

,

,
,

NONDURABLE GOODS2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products
Leather and leather products

,

,

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

rao.a

2

Seefootnotti/tableg.

2Jtable 9.

11. Seasonal adjustment factors for average weekly overtime hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
197 9
Indiirtry

JUII

AUG.

SEPT.

en n
99.2

101 7
105.5

109.1
112.2

1980
OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JAN.

FEB.

HAB.

APB.

HAT

10514
105w1

103. 1
103.0

107.2
102.4

93.3
93.8

95.4
94.3

97.1
94.6

94.8
93-8 .

95.8
96. 0

JUNE

MANUFACTURING'
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS

.1

101.4
100.8

1 1 , able 9.




23

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
12. Seasonal adjustment factors for average hourly earnings of production or
nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division
1980

197 9
JDLT

AUG.

HO?.

DEC.

JAN.

FEB.

HAS.

APR.

IUT

JUNE

SEPT.

OCT.

99.0

100.6

100.0

99,9

99.7

100.3

99.8

99.9

99.8

100. 2

100.0

100.0

101.3

101.2

100.5

100.4

100.4

99.6

99.3

99.0

99. 4

99.3
99.7

TOTAL PRIVATE 2
100.3

MINING

99.7

CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING

99.8

99.3

100.3

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.5

100.1

100.0

99.7

99. 7

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

99.8

1U0.3

100.9

100.7

100.5

100.2

100.2

100.0

99.2

99.6

99. 4

99.2

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE .

99.7

99.2

10u.1

IOu.1

99.6

99.1

100.8

100.9

100.4

100.3

100. 1

99.8

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE

99.8

99.4

99.7

99.9

99.5

99.7

100.8

101.0

100.0

100.1

100.2

99.8

SERVICES

98.8

96.4

100.0

100.3

100.4

100.3

100.9

101.0

100.4

100.3

100. 1

99.3

2

Seefootnote1.table9.

See footnote 2, table 9.

13 Seasonal adjustment factors1 for labor turnover rates in manufacturing
l»m

1

JUL.

Total accessions 2
New hires
j
Other accessions and recalls.
Total separations 2
Quits .-..*..
...•

Layoffs

1 AUG. 1 S E P .




OCT.

NOV.

DEC.

JAN.

FEB.

1 MAR.

APR.

HAY

JUN.

JUL.

AUG.

110.9
112.8

139.0
116.9

123.4
96.1

107.6
80.6

74.2
74.1

50.1
71.0

83.5
121.8

76.2
98.5

90.5
109.6

98.0
107.1

116.0
109.7

131.0
101.2

111.4
111.6

135.2
116.8

104.4
118.0
101.8

170.7
87.9
125.6

143.1
9.3.4
106.0

104.1
104.9
108.1

78.4
116.7
91.9

57.5
147.5
77.0

80.4
123.8
102.6

72.9
94.7
94.7

85.8
87.2
97.6

96.5
81.8
96.1

103.6
70.8
102.4

101.6
74.5
100.7

107.2
115.5
102.9

166.3
86.5
121.6

Fectore include the affects of tnvtfnaj day variations.
2 ^

24

1980

1979

CHARTS
Page
1. Labor force and employment, 1960-79

25

2. Major unemployment indicators, 1960-79

26

3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1960-79

26

4. Total employment by sex and age, 1960-79

27

5. Employment-population ratios by sex and age, 1960-79

28

6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries, 1960-79

28

7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, 1960-79

29

8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, 1960-79

30

9. Employment in nonfarm occupations, 1960-79

31

10. Unemployment rates by sex and age,1960-79

32

11. Unemployment rates by race,1960-79

32

12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, 1960-79.

33

13. Duration of unemployment, 1960-79

34

14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, 1960-79

35

15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, 1960-79

35

16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings, 1960-79

36

17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1960-79

Chart 1. Labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)

THOUSANDS
110000

THOUSANDS

110000

105000

105000

100000

100000

95000

95000

90000

90000
Total labor force

85000

85000

80000

80000

75000

75000

70000

70000

65000

65000

60000




60000

*

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-33.

25

Chart 2. Major unemployment indicators
(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT

PERCENT

9.0

i

l\

8.0
7.0

Uner nploy nent ate, 1
full-t me w orker 5
1

"4 U \

1Jnem sloym ent ra
all ci vilian worke

M
n

4.0

3.0

2.0

7!

8.0

y \

A

e n

e

9.0

>-/*

1

\

• A

h'

V,
vV

i/
1

1.0

6.0

5.0

\rW

<
Une mploy ment rate,,
botrI sexes,
25 v ears snd ov er

N

> %

V

K

7.0

w

X

V

4.0

3.0

2.0

Unen
nent iate,
job 1 nployr
Dsers

i.O

n n

nn
I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Tables A-36, A-38, and A-39.

Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age
PERCENT
90.0

(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT

90.0
tales, 20 years and over
—-«^-*..

80.0

80.0

70.0

70.0

60.0

60.0

50.0

50.0

40.0

40.0
nales, 20 years nd over

3 O . o 1 " i 1 i i i I i i i 1 i i i I i i i I ui.l.J,.uJ i i i h i i I J I i I i i i I i i i I i i i I i i i I i i i 1 i i i I i i i I ) i i I i i i I i i i il 3 0 , 0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
S O U R C E : Table A-33.

26




Chart 4. Total employment by sex and age
(Seasonally

adjusted)
THOUSANDS

THOUSANDS
Rnnnn




C7cnn

^7^nn

cqnnn

qcnnn

52500

52500
Mai BS, 2C year s anc over

J

50000

/

47500

50000

47500

45000

^-^

45000

J

Aocnn

42500

40000

40000

37500

37500

"icnnn

rrcnnn

/

32500

32500

Fema les, 20 yea rs an d ove r
^/

^nnnn

/

97Cnn

97cnn
»/VV

25000
/

25000

//

22500

20000

22500

20000

•v

17500

17500

15000

icnnn

12500

12500

1 nnnn

7cnn

Bot i sex F)S,

16

-19 y«sars_

i nnnn

^*"

cnnn

7cnn

cnnn

*)cnn

2500
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

SOURCE: Table A-33.

27

Chart 5. Employment—population ratios by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT
85.0

PERCENT
85.0

80.0

75.0

70.0

70.0

65.0

65.0

60.0

60.0
Total, all worke s

55.0

55.0

50.0

50.0

45.0

45.0
Both sexes 16-19 yi

40.0

40.0

35.0

35.0

30.0

1
' ' * ' ' ' * ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' * ' ' ' * ' ' ' * ' ' ' ' ' ' ' »' ' ' ' ' ' ' I' ' ' I' ' ' I ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I' ' ' ' ' ' '
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

SOURCE: Table A-33.

Chart 6. Payroll employment in goods-and service-producing industries
(Seasonally adjusted)

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
100000
90000

90000

Rnnnn

onnnn
^—-*

Total nona jricult jral p<jyroll 9mplo y m e n
^ - =

70000
'

+

—

^-

70000

"

60000

60000
-

50000

50000
S< rvice- arodu cing itidustr es
- - '

40000

40000

- -

30000

30000
( loods -produ cing i ndust ries
>

/ ^

"N

,

^—*
20000

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
NOTE: Dataf or two most recent monthsa re prel minary

28




SOUR CE:Ta DleB-4.

20000

Chart 7. Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry
(Seasonally adjusted)

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
25000

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
25000

13000

9000

9000

State and loca I government

5000

• I ' I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I l l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I l l 1 I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I ll
1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

5000

1979

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5500

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
5500

3500

3000

2500

2000

3000

Finance, insurance, and real estate

2500

Federal government

I I M I M I I I I I I I I l I I I l I I I I I M I I I I I I M I I I I H I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I I 1 II I I M I I I I I I I II I I I I i 2 0 0 0
1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
1000

1000

900

900

800

800

/

700

700

Mining

600

600

5 0 0 I M I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I M I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ll I I I M I ll 5
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979




NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

SOURCE: Table B-4.

29

Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)

Full-time schedules

THOUSANDS
75500

THOUSANDS

75500

v

73000
70500

73000
70500

/

68000

68000
/

65500

65500
I*

63000

63000

i

60500

60500

58000

f

58000

55500

55500
/

53000
50500

53000
50500

J

48000

48000
I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966

THOUSANDS
15000

1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

1974 1975 1976 1977

1978 1979

Part-time schedules

THOUSANDS
15000

12500

12500

Workers on voluntary part-time schedules

10000

10000

7500

7500

5000

5000

2500

2500

Workers on part time for economic reasons

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-42.

30




Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations

(Seasonally adjusted)
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
20000

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
20000

White-collar workers
16000

16000
Cleical workers,.

12000

12000
Professional and technical workers

-Wtl

8000

8000

Managers and administrators
except farm

workers
4000

4000
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
15000

Blue-collar workers

15000

12000

12000
Craft and kindred workers

.LVH

9000

9000
Operatives, except tra nsport

6000

6000

V

Nonfarm laborers

-yv
Transport equipment operatives3000

3000
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS

14000

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
14000

13000

13000

12000

12000

11000

11000

10000

10000

Sen/ice workers

\

9000

/

9000

8000

8000

7000




1 1 1

1

1

1

1 1

1

1 1

1

7000

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 1971 stemming from the reclassification of occupations
introduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced in
December. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes.

SOURCE: Table A-42.

31

Chart 10. Unemployment rates by sex and age
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
22.5

PERCENT
22.5

20.0

20.0

17.5

17.5

15.0

15.0

12.5

12.5

10.0

10.0

A

7.5
Females, 20 years and over

7.5

-V.

#

5.0

5.0

2.5

2.5
Males, 20 years and over

0.0

L_L L_L
0.0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-36.

Chart 11. Unemployment rates by race
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
20.0

PERCENT
20.0

15.0

15.0
/

10.0

5.0

V

10.0

Black and )thery

r

5.0
hite

0.0

0.0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Ratio of black to white unemployment rate
RATIO
3.00

RATIO
3.00

2.50

2.50

2.00

2.00

1.50

1.50
I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

SOURCE: Table A-35.

32




Chart 12. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups
{Seasonally adjusted)

PERCENT
10.0

PERCENT

10.0

White-collar workers
7.5

7.5

5.0

5.0

2.5

2.5

0.0

0.0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

PERCENT
20.0

17.5

15.0

12.5

10.0

7.5

5.0

2.5

0.0

0.0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
PERCENT

PERCENT

10.0

10.0




5.0

2.5

J
% \ i

V

rm iworkers

Se»/v/c 9 an

7.5

7.5

Ser /ice w orker

i

\

5.0

V

u

r,

u

i

1

•

^\$

V

"it1

•

It

i

1

2.5

v*

\

Farm workers

0.0

1 1 1

i

i

i

111

1 1 1

1 1 1

i

i

i

111

i

i

i

i

i

i

1 1 1

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

i

1 1 1

1

1 1 1

0.0

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-36.

33

Chart 13. Duration of unemployment
(Seasonally adjusted)

Number of workers unemployed

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
10200

RATIO SCALETHOUSANDS
10200
7700
5200

2700

2700

200 Lm

I IIIIIIIII II III II III n II II II
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

PERCENT
10.0

Percent of civilian labor force

200

PERCENT
10.0

7.5

7.5

5.0

5.0

2.5

2.5

0.0

0.0
I960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Average duration of unemployment
20.0

WEEKS
20.0

17.5

17.5

15.0

15.0

12.5

12.5

10.0

10.0

7.5

7.5

WEEKS

5 . 0 •» I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I I I I I I

I I M I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1,1 I I I

1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
SOURCE: Table A-37.

34




5.0

Chart 14. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)

43.0

I

I

HOURS
43.0

I

Manufacturing

40.0

37.0

37.0

34.0

34.0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

Overtime hours in manufacturing

HOURS

HOURS

5.0

5.0

>

V

2.5

1960
1

1961 1962 1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

2.5

1979

Annual averages prior to 1964.

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

SOURCE: Table C-7.

Chart 15. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
300.00

DOLLARS
300.00

275.00

275.00

J

250.00

<

250.00

f
/

225.00

/
/

/

200.00
/

175.00

225.00

/

200.00

175.00

A

Ma lufac uring

t

150.00

150,00
125.00

125.00
rot il priv ate ei tablis mem

>—r

100.00




100.00
—>

—

75.00

75.00
1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

i i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

. i i

i i i

i i i

i i i

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

i

ii

1978

• i i i

1979

Annual averages prior to 1964.

NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary.

SOURCE: Tables C-7 and C-9.

35

Chart 16. Total private gross and spendable weekly earnings
(Seasonally adjusted)
DOLLARS
250.00

DOLLARS
250.00

225.00

225.00

200.00

200.00

Gross earnings in current dollars
175.00

175.00

y
150.00

150.00
I Spendable earnings
. ' in current dollars

125.00

125.00

Gross earnings n 1967 dollars
100, 00

100.00

,--•'*
75.00

75.00
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1

Married worker with three dependents.

NOTE: Data prior to 1964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary.

SOURCE: Table C-9.

Chart 17. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing
(Seasonally adjusted)
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
7.5

PER 100
EMPLOYEES

7.5

Accessic
5.0

5.0

2.5

0.0 I M I I I I I I I M I I I I I M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I M I I I I I I I I I I I I
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
PER 100
EMPLOYEES
4.0

PER 100
EMPLOYEES
4.0

3.0

1

1

2.0

1.0

s

\
\ %

Quits

ft

A

r

V.
.ayoffs

;,A,

it

i

>/\

3.0

\

2.0
t

J

i960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

NOTE: Data for current month are preliminary.

36




SOURCE: Table D-3.

1.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1947 to date
(Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor foroa
Total It
Employed
Year and month

Not in

Percent
of

of

Agri-

foroa

Annual averages

TOTAL
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951..

103,418
104,527
105,611
106,645
107,721

60,941
62,080
62,903
63,858
65,117

58.9
59.4
59.6
59.9
60.4

59,350
60,621
61,286
62,208
62,017

57,038
58,343
57,651
58,918
59,961

7,890
7,629
7,658
7,160
6,726

49, 148
50,714
49,993
51,758
53,235

2,311
2,276
3,637
3,288
2,055

3.9
3.8
5.9
5.3
3.3

42,477
42,447
42,708
42,787
42,604

1952
1953
1954
1955
1956

108,823
110,601
111,671
112,732
113,811

65,730
66,560
66,993
68,072
69,409

60.4
60.2
60.0
60.4
61.0

62,138
63,015
63,643
65,023
66,552

60,250
61,179
60,109
62,170
63,799

6,500
6,260
6,205
6,450
6,283

53,749
54,919
53,904
55,722
57,514

1,883
1,834
3,532
2,852
2,750

3.0
2.9
5.5
4.4
4.1

43,093
44,041
44,678
44,660
44,402

115,065
116,363
117,881
119,759
121,343

69,729
70,275
70,921
72,142
73,031

60.6
60.4
60.2
60.2
60.2

66,929
67,639
68,369
69,628
70,459

64,071
63,036
64,630
65,778
65,746

5,947
5,586
5,565
5,458
5,200

58,123
57,450
59,065
60,318
60,546

2,859
4,602
3,740
3,852
4,714

4.3
6.8
5.5
5.5
6.7

45,336
46,088
46,960
47,617
48,312

1962 '
1963
1964
1965
1966

122,981
125,154
127,224
129,236
131,180

73,442
74,571
75,830
77,178
78,893

59.7
59.6
59.6
59.7
60.1

70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770

66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895

4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979

61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915

3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875

5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8

49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288

1967
1968
1969
1970
1971

133,319
135,562
137,841
140,182
142,596

80,793
82,272
84,240
85,903
86,929

60.6
60.7
61.1
61.3
61.0

77,347
78,737
80,734
82,715
84,113

74,372
75,920
77,902
78,627
79,120

3,844
3,817
3,606
3,462
3,387

70,527
72,103
74,296
75,165
75,732

2,975
2,817
2,832
4 , 088
4,993

3.8
3.6
3.5
4.9
5.9

52,527
53,291
53,602
54,280
55,666

1972 *
1973 *
1974
1975.
1976

145,775
148,263
150,827
153,449
156,048

88,991
91,040
93,240
94,793
96,917

61.0
61.4
61.8
61.8
62.1

86,542
88,714
91,011
92,613
94,773

81,702
84,409
85,935
84,783
87,485

3,472
3,452
3,492
3,380
3,297

78,230
80,957
82,443
81,403
84,188

4,840
4,304
5,076
7,830
7,288

5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7

56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130

1977
19781

158,559
161,058

99,534
102,537

62.8
63.7

97,401
100,420

90,546
94,373

3,244
3,342

87,302
91,031

6,855
6,047

7.0
6.0

59,025
58,521

1957
1958
1959
1960
1961

l

l

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1978:
September
October..
November.
Decenber.

161,570
161,829
162,033
162,250

103,097
103,199
103,745
103,975

63.8
6 3.8
64.0
64.1

100,974
101,077
101,628
101,867

95,010
95,241
95,751
95,855

3,406
3,374
3,275
3,387

91,604
91,867
92,476
92,468

5,964
5,836
5,877
6,012

5.9
5.8
5.8
5.9

58,473
58,630
58,288
58,275

162,448
162,633
162,909
163,008
163,260
163,469
163,685
163,891
164,106

104,277
104,621
104,804
104,193
104,325
104,604
105,141
105,139
105,590

64.2
64.3
64.3
63.9
63.9
64.0
64.2
64.2
64.3

102,183
102,527
102,714
102,111
102,247
102,528
103,059
103,049
103,498

96,300
96,647
96,842
96,174
96,318
96,754
97,210
96,900
97,513

3,232
3,311
3,343
3,186
3,184
3,260
3,262
3,322
3,400

93,068
93,335
93,499
92,987
93,134
93,494
93,949
93,578
94,113

5,883
5,881
5,871
5,937
5,929
5,774
5,848
6,149
5,985

5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.7
6.0
5.8

58,170
58,012
58,105
58,815
58,935
58,865
58,545
58,752
58,515

1979:
January..
February.
March....
April....
Hay
June
July
August.••
September

1
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes.




2
Because seasonally, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for
"total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted.

37

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1967 to date

(Numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force

Total labor force

Year, month, and sex

Total
noninstitutional
population

Employed

—

Percent
of
population

Unemployed

Percent
of
labor
force

Total
Agriculture

Total

cultural
industries

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MALES

64,^16

1967
1968
1969

1970
1971
1972 1
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781

66,36*
67,-401
6 8,517
69,364
71,020
72,753

.

74*719
7",931
7 7,169

52,-»0B
51,0"»0
53,688
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,149
57,706
58,197
59,46 7
60,535

91.5

aolfi
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
78 !i
78.3
78. 4

43,937
49,511
50,221
51,105
52,021
51,265
54,201
55,136
55,615
5*'542

47,479
48, 1 14
48,318
48,960
49,245
50,f>3 0
51,963
r
2,518
51,230
52,391
53,861
55,491

3,164
3, 157
2,963
2,861.
2,790
2,839
2,811
2,900
2,801
2,716
2,6.19
2,681

44,115
44,957
45,855
46,099
46,455
47,791
49, 130
49,61*
48,429
49,675
51,222
52,810

1,508
1,419
1,403
2,235
2.lie

2,635
2,240
7,663
4,385
3,968
3,588
1,051

3.1
2*9
2.8
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2

11,919
12,315
12,677
11,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634

Monthly deta, seasonally adjusted2

1978:

Sect.cn t<?r
October..

77,407
77,54 6

60,55?
6 0,717
61,006
61,0 95

79.2
78.3

61,4 38
61,501
61,515
61,215
61,20 6
61,3*7
6 1,5.15*
r-1,342
61,69fc

79'.6

58,559
59,725
59,019
59,116

55,594
55,754
56,096
56,072

2,719
2,707
2,614
7,702

52,855
53,j)47
53,482
53,370

2,965
2,971
2,923
3,044

5.1
5.1
5.0
5.1

16,855
16,829
16,636
16,651

71.9
79.9
73.8
73.4
7a.2
78.4
73.5
78.1
7 8.5

5o,4 75
59,518
59,560
59,268
59,262
59,446
59,597
59,196
59,749

56,44 9
56,549
56,559
56,267
56,352
56,618
56,595
56,316
56,653

2,596
2,649
2,656
2,559
2,581
2,609
2,609
2,658
2,700

53,854
51,900
53,903
53,708
53,769
54,029
53,986
53,658
53,953

1,026
2,989
3,001
3,001
7,910
2,808
2,997
3,081
1,096

5.1
5.0
5.0
5.1
4.'9
4.7
5.0
5.2
5.2

16,401
16,425
16,543
16,890
17,019
16,936
16,892
17,183
16,930

680
660
643
601
598
631
619
592
579
582
605
661

26,212
27,147
28,441
29,066
79,277
30,439
31,827
12,825
32,971
34,513
36,080
38,221

1,468
1,397
1,429
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3,445
3,320
1,267
2,996

5.2
4.8
4.7
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2

40,603
40,976
40,924
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,868
42,789
42,510
41,887

1979:
J anuary..

77,RIP
77,976

3arch....
Aptil
say

78* 105
78,27.5
78,373
78,'427
78,57 5
78,6 77

July
\ u q u ~ t..
September

Annual averages

FEMALES
1967
1963
1969
1970
1971
19721
1973 1
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781

69,301
70,717
71,476
72,774

•'

75*,911
77,742
78,575
79*954
81 ,10°

28,195
29,2 42
30,551
.11,560
32,1.12
33,320
14,561
35,892
37,0P7
38,520
40,067
4?,00?

41.2
41.6
42.7
41. 4
41.4
43.9
44. 7
45.7
46.4
47. 4
4P.5
50. 1

78,360
29,204
10,513
31,520
12,091
.11,777
34,510
35,325
16,998
38,414
19,952
41,878

2f,89 3
27,807
29,084
29,667
79,375
31,072
32,446
13,417
31,553
35,095
16,635
30,387

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted2

1978:

SpptP^Lor
October..

«4, 162
84,281
84,190
84,504

42,545
42,482
42,7.18
42,880

50.6
50.4
50.6
50.7

42,415
47,352
42,609
42,751

39,416
39,497
39,655
19,781

667
667
661
685

38,749
39,820
38,994
39,098

2,999
2,865
2,954
2,968

7.1
6.8
6*9
6.9

41,618
41,801
41,652
41,624

42,840
41,121
43,289
42,978
43,121
43,217
41,606
43,798
43,894

50.6
50.9
51.0
50.6
50.7
50.8
51. 1
51.3
51.4 -

42,703
42,989
4 3,153
42,843
42,936
43,082
41,467
43,653
'43,749

39,851
40,099
40,293
19,907
39,966
40,116
40,615
40,585
40,860

636
663
687
627
601
651
651
665
700

39,214
39,415
39,596
19,279
39,365
39,465
19,962
19,920
40, 160

2,857
2,891
2,870
2,936
3,019
2,966
2,852
1,068
2,889

6.7
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.0
6.9
6.6
7.0
6.6

41,769
41,587
41,563
41,925
41,914
41,929
41,653
41,569
41,585

1979:
January..
February.
March....
April....
May
July
August...
September

34*, 7 07
84^903
95,015
85, 145
P5*.366
35,479

See footnote 2, table A-1.

38




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]

September 1979
Civilian labor foroa

Total tabor forot
Sex, age, and raot

Kaaping

Total

Othar

MALES
61,531
6,589
5,053
2,053
3,000

78.3
67.6
60.0
49.4
70.3

59,583
7,952
4,788
2,035
2,753

56,878
6,887
4,044
1,722
2,322

2,705
1,065
745
314
431

4.5
13.4
15.6
15.4
15.7

17,096
4,119
3,369
2,103
1,266

372
16
12
8
3

4,191
3,558
3,007
1,969
1,038

1,633
33
14
7
7

10,899
512
336
118
218

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45to49years
50 to 54 years

54,499
8,992
38,309
8,689
7,861
6,388
5,314
5,037
5,020

90.0
87.5
94.7
95.5
96.2
96.5
95.5
93.3
89.6

52,816
8,242

37,378
8,326
7,610
6,197
5,226
5,006
5,013

50,928
7,584
36,305
8,004
7,403
6,021
5,088
4,890
4,899

1,888
658
1,072
322
208
176
138
116
114

3.6
8.0
2.9
3.9
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.3
2.3

6,048
1,288
2,148
412
314
230
248
361
584

163
12
80
6
5
12
8
31
17

1,176
882
283
170
60
24
14
9
5

1,168
60
626
46
76
65
107
131
200

3,543
334
1,162
189
173
128
119
190
362

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years

7,198
4,470
2,727

73.4
83.3
61.4

7,196
4,469
2,727

7,039
4,367
2,672

157
102
55

2.2
2.3
2.0

2,611

896
1,716

70
36
34

11
6
5

482
245
238

2,047
608
1,439

65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 years and over

1,979
1,124
855

20.5
29.6
14.6

1,979
1,124
855

1,907
1,065
842

72
59
13

3.7
5.2
1.6

7,679
2,678
5,000

198
69
129

8
4
4

451
151
300

7,021
2,454
4,567

54,632
7,572
4,519
1,887
2,633

78.9
70.2
63.4
53.9
72.6

53,102
7,087
4,318
1,872
2,446

50,938
6,243
3,704
1,602
2,103

2,164
844
613
271
343

4.1
11.9
14.2
14.5
14.0

14,575
3,218
2,607
1,610
996

313
16
12
9
3

3,343
2,818
2, 349
1,512
836

1,302
27
14
7
7

9,618
357
232
82
150

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

48,325
7,787
34,008
14,593
10,404
9,012

90.5
88.2
95.3
96.3
96.5
92.3

46,998
7,217
33,252
14,104
10,170
8,978

45,507
6,716
32,401
13,690
9,923
8,789

1,491
501
850
414
247
189

3.2
6.9
2.6
2.9
2.4
2.1

5,062
1,046
1,682
561
374
747

37
10
62
10
18
34

986
752
224
185
27
11

924
36
481
91
133
257

3,014
248
915
274
195
446

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,531
4,047
2,483
1,787

73.7
83.7
61.6
20.6

6,529
4,046
2,483
1,787

6,390
3,957
2,433
1,727

139
89
50
60

2.1
2.2
2.0
3.3

2,334
788
1,546
6,907

65
34
31
164

11
6
4
8

407
207
200
364

1,851
541
1,310

6,899
1,018
533
166
367

73.2
53.0
41.2
25.2
57.7

6,481
865
471
163
308

5,940
644
339
120
219

541
222
132
43
89

8.3
25.6
27.9
26.3
28.8

2,521
902
762
493
270

59
1

849
740
659
457
201

331

20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

6,174
1,206
4,301
1,957
1,298
1,045

86.2
83.2
90.2
92.2
92.6
84.1

5,818
1,025
4,126
1,832
1,253
1,041

5,421
868
3,904
1,717
1,186
1,001

398
157
222
115

67
40

6.8
15.3
5.4
6.3
5.3
3.9

987
243
466
165
103
198

25
2
16
2
2
13

190
131
59
44
11
3

244
24
145
31
39
75

529
86
246
88
52
106

55 to 64 year*
55 to 59 ytars
60 to 64 years
66 years and over

667
423
244
192

70.6
79.7
59.0
19.9

667
423
244
192

649
410
239
180

18
13
5
12

2.7
3.0
2.0
6.5

278
108
170
772

6
3
3
35

75
38
37
87

196
67
129
649

16 ytars and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

White
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

6,372

Black and other
16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years




6

1,282
155
104

36
68

39

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-3.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race—Continued

[Numbers in thousands]

September 1979
Total labor fore*

Not in labor forea

Civilian tabor fora*

Going
to

43,935
7 f 057
1,270
1,705
2,565

51.4
56.7
51.9
42.4
60.9

43,790
7,001
4,247
1,704
2,543

40,697
5,917
3,480
1,413
2,067

3,093
1,084
766
291
475

7.1
15.5
18.0
17.1
18.7

41,544
5,390
3,963
2,318
1,646

31,427
1,313
589
158
431

4,190
3,538
3,016
2,022
995

1,077
16
5
2
3

4,850
523
353
136
218

38,562
7,152
26,818
6,234
5,252
4,569
3,818
3 # 480
3,466

60.8
69.7
63.5
67.3
62.6
65.7
64.8
61.1
57.5

38,441
7,079
26,770
6,200
5,242
4,566
3,816
3,480
3,465

36,145
6,353
25,332
5,759
4,934
4,321
3,639
3,344
3,335

2,296
725
1,438
442
308
245
178
136
130

6.0
10.2
5.4
7.1
5.9
5.4
4.7
3.9
3.8

24,887
3,114
15,406
3,031
3,133
2,389
2,077
2,216
2,560

21,204
1,980
13,827
2,667
2,842
2,191
1,870
1,992
2,265

1,152
775
366
152
98
76
24
6
9

507
24
271
28
25
21
37
67
92

2,023
335
942
183
168
101
145
151
194

55 to 64 years . . .
55 to 59 years .
60 to 64 years .

4,592
2,879
1,713

41.9
48.9
33.8

4,592
2,879
1,713

4,460
2,790
1,670

132
89
43

2.9
3.1
2.5

6,366
3,014
3,352

5,397
2,613
2,784

11
6
6

213
106
106

745
289
456

65 years and over . . .
65 to 69 years . . .
70 years and over .

1,102
726
376

8.0
15.3
4.2

1,102
726
376

1,072
706
366

31
21
10

2.8
2.8
2.6

12,694
4,022
8,672

9,635
3,231
6,403

21
6
13

565
103
462

2,474
680
1,794

16 y«ars and o v e r . . .
16 to 21 y e a r s . . .
16 to 19 years . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 64 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
SO to 54 years

:

Whit*

38,020
6,238
3,822
1,551
2,272

51.
59.
55.
46.
64.

1
5
3
0
0

37,909
6,195
3,804
1,550
2,255

35,543
5,382
3,210
1,320
1,889

2,367
814
595
229
366

6.2
13.1
15.6
14.8
16.2

36,394
4,238
3,094
1,817
1,278

28,137
1,039
467
125
342

3,318
2,801
2 r 355
1,583
772

799
11
5
2
2

4,140
388
267
106
161

20 to 64 years
2 0 t o 24 years . . .
25 to 54 years . . .
25 to 34 years .
36 to 44 years .
45 to 54 years .

33,232
6,132
22,995
9,699
7,223
6,073

60.4
70.7
63.0
64.2
65.0
59.2

33,139
6,076
22,958
9,666
7,220
6,072

31,396
5,577
21,824
9,098
6,878
5,848

1,743
499
1#134
568
342
224

5.3
8.2
4.9
5.9
4.7
3.7

21,766
2,544
13,487
5,406
3,888
4, 192

18,795
1,625
12,255
4,909
3,553
3,794

943
650
282
186
84
13

338
15
174
40
37
97

1,690
254
774
271
214
288

5 to 64 years . . .
55 to 59 years .
6 0 t o 64 years .

4,104
2,571
1,533
966

41.7
48.8
33.6
7.7

4,104
2,571
1,533
966

3,995
2,500
1,495
937

109
71
38
29

2.7
2.8
2.5
3.0

5,736
2,702
3,033
11,534

4,914
2,363
2,551
8,876

10
5
6
20

149
73
77
456

662
262
400
2, 182

5,915
819
448
155
293

53.5
41.5
34.0
23.6
44.3

5,881
806
442
154
288

5,154
535
271
93
178

726
271
171
62
110

12.4
33.6
38.8
39.9
38.2

5,150
1,152
869
501
368

3,290
274
122
34
89

872
737
661
438
223

278
5

710
136
86
29
57

0 to 64 years
»to24years . . .
25to54years . . .
25 to 34 years .
36 to 44 years .
46 to 54 years .

5,331
1,020
3,824
1,787
1,164
873

63. 1
64.1
66.6
70.2
66.8
59.9

5,302
1,003
3,813
1,776
1,163
873

4,749
776
3,508
1,594
1,082
831

554
226
305
182
81
42

10.4
22.5
8.0
10.2
6.9
4.8

3,121
570
1,920
757
578
585

2,410
355
1,572
600
508
463

209
125
84
64
16
3

169
9
97
13
21
63

332
81
168
80
32
56

56to64years . . .
55 to 59 yean .
60 to 64 years

488
307
180
136

43.6
49.7
36.1
10.5

488
307
180
136

465
290
175
134

23
17
5
1

4.6
5.6
2.9
1.0

630
312
318
1,160

483
250
233
758

1
1

63
34
30
109

83
27
56
292

16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

16 to 21 years . . .
16 to 19 y e a r s . . .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

40




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race
Total labor force

Sax, a * , and raca

Thousands of parsons

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

60,369
5,085
2,045
3,040

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

Participation ratas

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

61,531
5,053
2,053
3,000

78.0
60.0
48.4
71.6

8,742
37,496
16,029
11,344
10,123

8,992
38,309
16,550
11,703
10,057

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,098
4,386
2,712
1,948

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

Thousands of parsons

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

78.3
60.0
49.4
70.3

58,376
4,792
2,022
2,770

59,583
4,788
2,035
2,753

77.4
58.6
48.1
69.7

77.7
58.7
49.2
68.5

86.1
94.5
95.8
95.8
91.2

87.5
94.7
95.8
96.1
91.4

7,985
36,554
15,411
11,058
10,084

8,242
37,378
15,936
11,423
10,019

85.0
94.4
95.7
95.7
91. 1

86.5
94.6
95.6
96.0
91.4

7,198
4,470
2,727
1,979

73,4
82.6
62.2
20.7

73.4
83.3
61.4
20.5

7,096
4,385
2,712
1,948

7,196
4,469
2,727
1,979

73.4
82.6
62.2
20.7

73.4
83.3
61.4
20.5

53,736
4,562
1,885
2,678

54,632
4,519
1,887
2,633

78.7
63.5
52.8
74.0

78.9
6 3.4
53.9
72.6

52,135
4,331
1,866
2,465

53,102
4,318
1,872
2,446

78.2
62.3
52.6
72.4

78.5
62.4
53.8
71.1

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

7,633
33,340
14,163
10,098
9,080

7,787
34,008
14,593
10,404
9,012

87.2
95.1
96.2
96.3
91.9

88.2
95.3
96.3
96.5
92.3

7,042
32,563
13,660
9,858
9,045

7,217
33,252
14,104
10,170
8,978

86.3
94.9
96.1
96.2
91.9

87.3
95.2
96.2
96.5
92.3

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,457
3,987
2,471
1,743

6,531
4,047
2,483
1,787

73.8
83.3
62.3
20.5

73.7
83.7
61.6
20.6

6,456
3,985
2,471
1,743

6,529
4,046
2,483
1,787

73.8
83.3
62.3
20.5

73.7
83.7
61.6
20.6

16 years and over
16 to 19 years .
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

6,633

6,899

523
160
363

533
166
367

72.5
40.7
24.4
57.7

73.2
41.2
25.2
57.7

6,241
461
156
304

6,481
471
163
308

71.3
37.7
23.9
53.4

72.0
38.2
24.9
53.3

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

1,109
4,156
1,867
1,246
1,044

1,206
4,301
1,957
1,298
1,045

78.9
90.3
92.7
91.4
85.1

83.2
90.2
92-2
92.6
84.1

943
3,992
1,751
1,201
1,040

1,025
4,126
1,832
1,253
1,041

76.1
89.9
92.2
91.1
85.0

80.8
89.9
91.8
92.4
84.0

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

641
399

667
423
244
192

69.7
76.4
60.9
22.0

70.6
79.7
59.0
19.9

640
399
241
205

667
423
244
192

69.7
76.4
60.9
22.0

70.6
79.7
59.0
19.9

MALES

Black and other




241
205

41

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-4. Labor force by sex, age, and race—Continued
Total labor foroa

Civilian labor forca

Participation rates

Sn.agt.and race

Thousands of parsons

Participation ratm

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

42,591
4,344
1,800
2,544

43,935
4,270
1,705
2,565

50.6
52.4
44.0
60.6

51.4
51.9
42.4
60.9

42,462
4,323
1,799
2,525

43,790
4,247
1,704
2,543

50.5
52.3
44.0
60.4

51.3
51.7
42.4
60.7

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

7,063
25,562
10,844
7,818
6,900

7, 152
26,818
11,486
8,387
6,946

69.6
61.7
63.4
62.6
58.2

69.7
63.5
65.1
65.3
59.3

6,995
25,521
10,807
7,815
6,899

7,079
26,770
11,442
8,383
6,945

69.4
61.6
63.3
62.6
58.2

69.4
63.5
65.0
65.2
59.3

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,517
2,851
1,665
1,106

4,592
2,879
1,713
1,102

41.8
48.8
33.5
8.2

41.9
48.9
33.8
8.0

4,517
2,851
1,665
1,106

4,592
2,879
1,713
1,102

41.8
48.8
33.5
8.2

41.9
48.9
33.8
8.0

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

36,771
3,872
1,632
2,240

38,020
3,822
1,551
2,272

50.1
55.5
47.5
63.2

51.1
55.3
46.0
64.0

36,668
3,855
1,631
2,224

37,909
3,804
1,550
2,255

50.0
55.4
47.5
63.1

51.0
55.1
46.0
63.8

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

6,064
21,831
9,144
6,658
6,029

6,132
22,995
9,699
7,223
6,073

70.5
60.8
62.3
61.6
57.9

70.7
63.0
64.2
65.0
59.2

6,011
21,799
9,116
6,655
6,028

6,076
22,958
9,666
7,220
6,072

70.3
60.8
62.2
61.6
57.8

70.5
63.0
64.1
65.0
59.2

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

4,045
2,555
1,490
959

4,104
2,571
1,533
966

41.6
48.8
33.2
7.9

41.7
48.8
33.6
7.7

4,045
2,555
1,490
959

4,104
2,571
1,533
966

41.6
48.8
33.2
7.9

41.7
48.8
33.6
7.7

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years

5,821
472
168
304

5,915
448
155
29 3

54.3
36.1
25.6
46.5

53.5
34.0
23.6
44.3

5,794
469
168
300

5,881
442
154
288

54.
35.9
25.6
46.2

53.3
33.7
23.6
43.9

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years

999
3,731
1,700
1,160
871

1,020
3,824
1,787
1,164
873

64.8
67.4
70.3
68.8
60.8

64.1
66.6
70.2
66.8
59.9

985
3,723
1,691
1,160
871

1,003
3,813
1,776
1,163
873

64.4
67.3
70.2
68.8
60.8

63.7
66.5
70.1
66.8
59.9

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

471
296
175
147

488
• 307
180
136

43.4
48.9
36.6
11.7

43.6
49.7
36.1
10.5

471
296
175
147

488
307
180
136

43.4
48.9
36.6
11.7

43.6
49.7
36.1
10.5

FEMALES

White

Black and other

42




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-5.

Employment status of black workers by sex and age

[Numbtrs in thousands]

Septeaber 1979
Civilian labor foroa

Sex and a *

Agriculture

cultural

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
18to 19yean . . .

10,437
758
256
502

9,272
473
158
316

268
22
6
17

9,004
451
152
299

1,166
285
99
186

11.2
37.6
38.5
37.1

6,655
1,458
892
566

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . .
35 to 44 years . . .
45 to 54 years . . .

1,746
6,647
3,002
2,051
1,595

1,383
6,172
2,728
1,918
1,527

25
160
61
51
48

1,358
6,012
2,667
1,867
1,479

362
475
274
133
69

20.8
7.1
9.1
6.5
4.3

690
1,995
732
573
690

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . .
6 0 to 64 years . . .
6 5 years and over . . .

991
615
377
294

959
589
370
284

26
10
17
34

932
579
353
250

33
26
7
11

3.3
4.2
1.8
3.6

823
384
440
1,687

16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . . .
1 8 t o 19years . . .

5,453
386
129
257

4,958
263
87
178

239
20
6
16

4,719
243
81
162

495
123
43
80

9.1
31.9
33.3
31.1

2,204
677
442
235

20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years . . .
35to44years . . .
4 5 to 54 years . . .

879
3,453
1,520
1,061
874

728
3,257
1,417
999
842

25
139
56
42
42

703
3, 117
1,361
957
801

150
197
103
62
32

17.1
5.7
6.8
5.8
3.7

204
407
129
94
183

55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years . . .
6 0 to 64 years . . .
65 yosrs snd over . . .

567
357
212
166

552
344
207
157

21
10
13
32

529
335
195
126

17
12
4
10

3.0
3.4
1.9
6.0

259
105
155
655

4,984
372
127
245

4,314
210
71
138

29
2

4,285
208
71
137

671
162
56
106

13.5
43.7
44.0
43.5

4,451
781
450
331

45 to 54 years .

867
3,194
1,482
990
721

655
2,915
1,311
919
685

655
2,895
1,306
910
678

212
278
171
71
37

24.5
8.7
11.5
7.2
5.1

486
1,588
603
479
507

55 to 64 years . . . .
55 to 59 years .
6 0 to 64 years .
65 years and over .

424
258
165
128

407
245
163
127

403
244
158
124

16
14
3
1

3.8
5.2
1.6
1.0

564
279
285
1,032

Males

Fc
16 years and over . . .
1 6 t o 19years . . .
16 to 17 years .
18 to 19 years .
20 to
25 to
25
35

24 years . . .
54 years . . .
to 34 years .
to 4 4 years .

21
5
9
6

NOTE: According to the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.




43

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-6.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Mates, 20 years and over

Females, 20 years and over

Both sexes, 16-19 y«an

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

164,106
105,466
64.3
103,373
97,576
3,545
94,030
5,798
5.6
58,640

68,937
55,284
80.2
53,584
51,709
2,512
49,197
1,875
3.5
13,652

70,205
56,478
80.4
54,795
52,835
2,498
50,337
1,960
3.6
13,727

75,873
38,247
50.4
38,138
35,728
632
35,096
2,410
6.3
37,626

77,245
39,664
51.3
39,543
37,217
678
36,538
2,327
5.9
37,581

16,760
9,429
56.3
,9,115
7,604
405
7,199
1,512
16.6
7,331

16,655
9,323
56.0
9,035
7,524
369
7,155
1,511
16.7
7,332

141,693
90,507
63.9
88,803
84,325
3,183
81,142
4,478
5.0
51,187

143,621
92,652
64.5
91,012
86,481
3,221
83,260
4,531
5.0
50,969

61,075
49,174
80.5
47,804
46,338
2,220
44,118
1,466
3.1
11,901

62,081
50,112
80.7
48,785
47,234
2,237
44,997
1,551
3.2
11,969

66,453
32,899
49.5
32,813
30,970
582
30,387
1,843
5.6
33,554

67,498
34,198
50.7
34,105
32,333
641
31,693
1,772
5.2
33*300

14,165
8,434
59.5
8,186
7,017
380
6,637
1,169
14.3
5,731

14,042
8,342
59.4
8,122
6,914
343
6,571
1,208
14.9
5,701

19,876
12,454
62.7
12,035
10,716
366
10,350
1,318
11.0
7,422

20,484
12,814
62.6
12,362
11,094
324
10,770
1,267
10.3
7,671

7,862
6, 111
77.7
5,780
5,371
292
5,079
409
7.1
1,751

8,124
6,366
78.4
6,010
5,601
261
5,340
410
6.8
1,759

9,419
5,348
56.8
5,325
4,759
50
4,709
567
10.6
4,071

9,747
5,467
56.1
5,438
4,883
38
4,846
555
10.2
4,281

2,595
995
38.3
929
587
24
563
342
36.9
1,600

2,613
981
37.6
913
610
26
584
303
33.2
1,631

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

161 ,570
102 ,961
63-7
100 ,838
95 ,041
3 ,549
91 ,492
5 ,797
5.7
58 ,609

TOTAL
Total noninstrtutktnal population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
White
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
Black and other
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

44




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-7.

Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16-21 years of age by race anjd sex

{Numbers in thousands]

September 1979
Black and other
Employment status
Both
sexes

Both
sexes

Both
sexes

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Total labor force
Percent of population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force

25,156
15,646
62.2

12,709
8,589
67.6

12,447
7,057
56.7

21,265
13,810
64.9

10,789
7,572
70.2

10,476
6,238
59.5

3,890
1,836
47.2

1,920
1,018
53.0

1,971
819
41.5

14,953
12,803
557
12,247
2,150
1,318
831
14.4
9,509

7,952
6,887
464
6,423
1,065
658
407
13.4
4,119

7,001
5,917
92
5,824
1,084
660
424
15.5
5,390

13,282
11,625
516
11,109
1,657
956
701
12.5
7,455

7,087
6,243
426
5,817
844
493
351
11.9
3,218

6,195
5,382
90
5,292
814
463
350
13.1
4,238

1,671
1,178
41
1,138
492
362
130
29,5
2,054

865
644
38
605
222
165
56
25.6
902

806
535
3
532
271
197
74
33.6
1,152

4,073
3,332
183
3,149
741
48
693
18.2
7,095

2,151
1,759
158
1#601
392
23
369
18.2
3,558

1,921
1,573
25
1,548
348
25
324
18.1
3,538

3,708
3,075
180
2,895
633
38
595
17.1
5,618

1,973
1,627
156
1,471
346
19
327
17.5
2,818

1,735
1,449
25
1,424
287
19
268
1.6.5
2,801

364
257
3
253
108
10
98
29.6
1,477

179
132
3
129
46
4
42
25,9
740

Itib
124
124
62
6
56
33.1
737

10,881
9,472
374
9,098
1,409
1,270
139
12.9
2,414

5,801
5,128
306
4,822
673
635
38
11.6
562

5,080
4,344
67
4,276
736
636
100
14.5
1,852

9,574
8,550
336
8,214
1,025
918
106
10.7
1,837

5,114
4,617
271
4,346
498
474
24
9.7
400

4,460
3,933
65
3,868
527
445
82
11.8
1,437

1,306
922
38
884
384
352
32
29.4
577

686
511
35
476
175.
161
14
25.5
162

620
411
2
408
209
191
18
33.8
415

Major activity: going to school
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force
Major activity: other
Civilian labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagriculatural industries
Unemployed
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Percent of labor force
Not in labor force




45

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-8. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race
[Numbers in thousands]

September 1979

Part-time labor force

Full-time labor force

Raot, sex, and age

(looking for
full-time work)

(looking for
pert-time work)

pert time'

Percent of
full-time
labor force

pert-time

TOTAL
Both sexes, 16 years and over

87,995
9,503
4,631

13,310
70,054
58,133
11,922

80,569
7,435
3,357
522
2,835
77,212
11,521
65,691
54,453
11,238

3,096
749
485
143
342
2,611
619
1,992
1,567
425

Males, 16 years and over • • •
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
.20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

54,582
5,285
2,536
52,045
7,482
44,564
36,648
7,917

51,031
4,268
1,917
49,114
6,608
42,506
34,949
7,557

Females, 16 years and over.
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

33,414
4,219
2,094
31,320
5,829
25,491
21,485
4,006

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

48,628
4,664
2,265

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

793
3,838

83,365

4,331
1,318
789
128

660
3,542
1,170
2,373
2,113

4.9
13.9
17.0
16.2
17.2
4.2
8.8
3.4

260

3.6
2.2

1,403
359
231
1,172
301
871
660
210

2,147
658
388
1,759
573
1 , 187
1,037
150

12.5
15.3
3.4
7.7
2.7
2.8
1.9

29,538
3,167
1,440
28,098
4,913
23,185
19,504
3,681

1,692
391
254
1,439
318
1,120
906
215

2,184
660
401
1,783
597
1,185
1,075
110

1,176
311
192
984
257
727
551
176

1,686
493
309
1,377
424
954
820
133

3.5
10.6
13.6
3.0

39,830
32,646
7,184

45,766
3,860
1,765
44,002
5,852
38,150
31,275
6,875

28,457
3,665
1,838
26,620
4,941
21,680
18,068
3,612

25,514
2,872
1,330
24,184
4,295
19,889
16,536
3,353

1,357
330
211
1, 146
259
888
721
167

1,586
463
296
1,290
387
903
811

5.6

5,954
621
271
5,683
949
4,734
4,001
733

5,264
408
152
5,112
756
4,356
3,674
682

228
48
39
188
44
144
109
35

462
165
79
382
149
234
217
16

4,956
553
257
4,700
888
3,812
3,418
394

4,024
296
110
3,914
618
3,296
2,968
328

335
60
42
293
59
233
186
48

598
197
105
493
210
283
264
18

46,362
6,532

92

3.9

6.5
15.7
19.1
5.7
10.2

4.6
5.0
2.7

6.5
2.4
2.5 ,
1.9

12.6
16.1
4.8
7.8
4.2
4.5
2.5

9.5

15,378
5,450
4,404
2,946
1,458
10,974
2,011
8,963
6,015
2,948

13,911
4,619
3,662
2,470
1,212
10,229
1,797
8,433
5,617
2,816

1,467
831
722
476
246
744
214
530
398
132

5,002
2,668
2,252
2,750
760
1,990
730
1,260

4,444
2,260
1,895
2,549
675
1,875
695
t,179

558
407
357
201
86
115
35
80

11.2
15.3
15.8
7.3
11.3
5.8
4.8

10,376
2,782
2,152
8,224
1,250
6,973
5,285
1,688

9,467
2,358
1,787
7,680
1,122
6,559
4,922
1,637

909
424
366
543
128
416
363
53

8.8
15.2
17.0

4,475
2,423
2,052
2,422
684
1,738
606
1,133

3,996
2,072
1,748
2,249
607
1,641
575
1,067

478
351
305
174

9,452
2,530
1,967
7,485
1,136
6,350
4,890
1,460

8,671
2,180
1,668
7,003
1,023
5,980
4,568
1,412

781
350
299
482
112
369
323
47

8.3
13.8
15.2

527
244
200
327
76
252
126
126

448
188
148
300
67
233
121
113

79
56
52
27
8
19
5
14

15.1
23.0
26.1
8.3
11. 1
7.5
4.0
1.1.1

924
252
186
739
115
624
394
230

796
179
119
677
99.
578
354
225

128
74
67
62
16
45
40
5

13.9
29.2
35.9
8.4
13.7
7.2
10.2
2.2

77
96
30
66

15.3
16.4
16.2
16.9

6.8
10.6
5.9
6.6
4.5

6.3

6.6
10.2
6.0
6.9
3. 1

10.7
14.5
14.8
7.2
11.3
5.5
5.0
5.8

6.4
9.9
5.8

6.6
3.2

Black and other
Mates, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 year*
56 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1
Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the
full- and part-time employed categories.

46




7.8

26.6
29.3
6.7
15.7

4.9
5.4
2.2
12.1

35.6
40.9
10.5
23.7
7.4
7.7

4.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship
[Numbers in thousands]
Septenfcer 1979
Civilian labor fore*

Not in labor force
Unemployed

Family relationship
Total

of
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Total

Keeping
house

Going
to

Unable
to
work

Othar
reasons

103,373

63.8

97,576

5,798

5.6

58,640

31,799

8,381

2,710

15,749

41,324
21,227
1,144
17,273

81.5
92.2
93.8
71.3

40,372
20,757
1,056
16,925

952
469
87
348

2.3
2.2
7.6
2.0

9,370
1,802
76
6,966

180
53
2
99

186
92
9
54

1,085
335
19
656

7,919
1,322
45
6,158

Wives
With employed husband
With unemployed husband
With husband not in labor force . .

24,248
21,814
556
1,878

50.0
56.3
61.5
21.2

23,029
20,757
469
1,802

1,219
1,056
87
76

5.0
4.8
15.6
4.0

24,241
16,927
348
6,967

21,991
15,766
329
5,896

295
254
7
33

276
102
5
169

1,680
805
6
869

Relatives in husband-wife families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over

13,804
6,408
4,742
2,654

60.6
55.2
75.3
54.4

12,112
5,429
4,257
2,426

1,692
979
486
227

12.3
15.3
10.2
8.6

8,993
5,211
1,555
2,227

1,268
152
151
965

5,746
4,597
1,064
85

339
9
37
293

1,640
453
303
884

5,030
4,049
1,304
1,281
1,464

59.8
55.0
47.7
73.2
50.9

4,629
3,400
972
1,075
1,353

401
648
332
208
108

8.0
16.0
25.5
16.2
7.4

3,376
3,315
1,433
467
1,415

2,611
818
91
96
631

109
1,420
1,181
202
37

178
266
10
25
231

477
811
152
146
513

14,918

61.5

14,034

886

5.9

9,345

4,931

625

566

3,222

Husbandsl
With employed wife
With unemployed wife
With wife not in labor force

.. .

Women who head families
Relatives in female-headed families
16-19 years
20-24 years
25 years and over
Persons not living in families 2

. .

1
Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.

3
Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in
secondary families.

A-10. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race

Marital status, sex, age, and race

Unemployment

Thousands of

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Thousands of

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Total, 16 years and over

2,588

2,705

4.4

4.5

3,209

3,093

7.6

7.1

Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
StnQto (novttr rnBrrioo)

875
249

951
268
1,487

1,444
544
1,221

1#278

5.5
10.7

2.3
5.6
10.4

1,269

6.1
6.8
11.5

5.2
6.7
11.4

2,022

2,164

3.9

4.1

2,456

2,367

6.7

6.2

754
179
1,089

807
198
1,160

2.1
4.9
9.1

2.2
5.2
9.4

1,240
395
82?

1,103
404
860

5.8
6.2
9.2

5.0
6.2
9.2

566

541

9.1

8.3

752

726

13.0

12.4

121
70
375

144
70
327

3.4
7.8
21.0

4.0
7.5
16.9

204
14^
399

176
142
409

8.3
9.4
22.9

6.9
9.1
23.1

1,802

1,888

3.5

3.6

2,365

2,296

6.4

6.0

803
228
772

875
247
767

2.1
5.3
8.4

2.3
5.5
8.0

1,338
506
520

1,174
515
606

5.8
6.9
7.7

4.9
6.9
8.4

1,407

1,491

3.1

3.2

1,806

1,743

5.7

5.3

692
165
550

736
185
571

2.0
4.8
7.0

2.1
7.0

1,141
363
302

1,007
373
363

5.5
6.3
5.6

4.7
6.2
6.2

Back and other, 20 to 64 yean of age

396

398

7.1

6.8

559

554

10.8

Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Stngw'neverrnsjrrtSQi • • • • . . • • • • . . . . , • •

111

139
62
196

3.3
7.4
16.8

4.0
7.0
13.5

198
142
217

168
141
244

8.3

Whit*, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Black and other, 16 years and over . .
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
Total. 20 to 64 years of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
White, 20 to 64 yean of age
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)




64
222

546

9.5
16.7

10.4

6.8
9.5
18.2

47

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-11. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Thousands of persons
Total

Sept.
1978
Total, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters and other construction craft
All other
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Construction laborers
All other
Service workers
Private household
All other
Farm workers
No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

5,797
1,861
444
220
245
952
1,998
514
263
251
862
150
472
143
329
1,048
55
993
110
779
547
142
90

Sept.
1979
5,798
1,852
448
239
229
936
2,118
463
206
257
993
185
477
124
353
948
66
882
114
766
541
133
94

Females

Males

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

5.7
3.8
3.0
2.1
4.0
5.3
5.9
3.9
6.3
2.8
7.3
4.0
9.0
13.2
7.9
7.6
4.5
7.9
3.6
—

5.6
3.6
2.9
2.2
3.6
5.0
6.1
3.4
4.8
2.8
8.3
4.8
9.2
12.2
8.5
6.9
5.3
7.1
3.8

4.4
2.2
1.8
1.8
2.6
3.5
5.1
3.8
6.2
2.6
5.3
3-8
9.2
13.1
8.0
6.4

4.5
2.3
1.9
1.8
2.5
4.1
5.4
3.3
4.8
2.6
6.7
4.9
9.5
11.9
8.8
5.9
(1)
6.0
3.2

d)

6.4
2.6

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

7.6
4.7
4.6
3.1
5.8
5.7
9. 1
(1)
15.3
4.6
10.1
6.0
7.8
(1)
7.4
8.3
4.5
8.9
7.7

7.1
4.8
4.1
3.2
5.0
5.3
9.2
(1)
4.1
5.0
10.5
3.4
7.1
(1)
6.2
7.5
5.5
7.9
6.3

Sept.
1979

—

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. '

A-12. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex
Unemployment rates
Percent distribution
Industry

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers . .
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical equipment .
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Other durable goods industries
. ..
NondursblG 9000$
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries
Transportation and public utilities
Railroads and railway express
Other transportation
Communication and other public utilities .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Professional services
All other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
All other classes of workers
No previous work experience

Percent not shown where base is less than 75.000.

48




Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

100.0
70.5

100.0
72.1
.7
6.0
22.3
11.7
.6
.3
.7
1.1
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.5
1.5
1.0
.7
.8
10.7
2.9
.8
2.4
.6
1.2

5.7
5.5
3.9
8.1
4.8
4.4
6.5
5.0
5.4
2.6
5.3
3.2
5.5
3.0
2.5
3.7
5.3
6.6
5.5
5.4
6.6
9.0
4.0
3.7
2.6
8.3
5.5
3.4
2.7
4.6
2.2
6.5
3.4
6.1
4.6
8.2
7.4
3.3

5.6
5.5
4.8
6.6
5.6
4.9
4.7
3.5
5.3
4.8
5.6
3.4
4.5
6.3
6.9
5.5
6.3
5.6
6.7
8.4
5.1
10.0
4.3
4.7
4.2
7.9
6.8
3.9
1.4
5.5
2.8
6.1
3.0
5.7
4.4
7.5
8.7
2.8

4.4
4.4
3.8
8.0
3.3
3.1
5.7
2-9
4.9
2.1
3.5
2.4
3.0
2.7
2.8
2.5
2.0
5.4
3.6
4.2
7.2
5.1
1.8
3.3
1.1
4.6
4.6
3.2
2.5
4.5
1.7
4.9
2.7
5.0
4.0
5.9
5.6
2.4

4.5
4.7
4.8
6.7
4.5
4.4
5.1
2.0
4.5
4.8
4.8
3.5
3.7
5.4
5.6
5.1
4.8
5.2
4.6
5.8
3.2
8.9
2.8
4.0
3.4
6.2
4.0
3.2
1.5
4.6
2.0
4.9
1.9
5.0
3.6
6.2
7.4
2.1

7.6
7.1

.6
7.1
18.7
10.0
.8
.5

.6
.6
1.3
1.4
2.1
1.2
.6
.6

.6
.9
8.7
1.9
1.1
2.1
.5
.9

.6

.9

1.0

1.1
.8
3.7
.2
2.5
1. 1
19.7
2.8

.6
3.1
.3
2.0
.8
20.2
3.0

17.7
7.5
10.1
2. 1
14.0
13.4

16.8
7.4
9.4
2.5
12.3
13.2

(D
8.5
8. 1
8. 1

(D
9.6
6.9
6.8
11.2

6.4
8.8
4.5
.8
10.0
9.6
8.3
8.2
8.1
5.9
10.0
10.4
4.2
7.2
13.9
7.1
4.1
(1)
5.4
3.3
8.2

3.9
6.8
4.8
10.1
14.2
4.5

7.1
6.7
5.2
5.7
7.9
6.3
2.4
6.5
8.8
5.2
8.2
3.0
5.4
10.4
12.4
7.4
8.3
6-1
9.4
13.5
7.3
10.3
9.1
5.6
6.4
10.9
10.3
6.0

(D
8.9
4.3
7.6
3.8
6.1
4.8
8.6
14.0
3.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-13. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Males, 20 years
and over

Total

Females. 20 yean
and over

Both sexes,
16 to 19 years

Black and other

White

Reason for unemployment

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL
Total unemployed, in thousands
Job losers
.
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
• .
Reentrants
New entrants
»

5,797
1,975
505
1,470
982
2,062
778

5,798
2,180
619
1,561
946
1,908
765

1,875
980
244
736
349
473
72

1,960
1, 129
298
831
306
464
61

2,410
704
217
487
416
1, 131
160

2,327
729
259
470
410
1,025
162

1,512
291
44
247
216
458
546

1,511
322
62
260
229
418
541

4,478
1,533
410
1,123
815
1,580
551

4,531
1,702
516
1,186
813
1,468
548

1,318
443
96
347
167
482
227

1,267
478
103
375
133
440
217

100.0
34.1
8.7
25.4
16.9
35.6
13.4

100.0
37.6
10.7
26.9
16.3
32.9
13.2

100.0
52.3
13.0
39.3
18.6
25.2
3.8

100.0
57.6
15.2
42.4
15.6
23.7
3.1

100.0
29.2
9.0
20.2
17.3
46.9
6.6

100.0
31.3
11.1
20.2
17.6
44.1
7.0

100.0
19.3
2.9
16.4
14.3
30.3
36.1

100.0
21.3
4.1
17.2
15.2
27.7
35.8

100.0
34.2
9.2
25.0
18.2
35.3
12.3

100.0
37.6
11.4
26.2
17.9
32.4
12.1

100.0
33.6
7.3
26.3
12.7
36.6
17.2

100.0
37.7
8.1
29.6
10.5
34.7
17.1

5.7
2.0
1.0
2.0
.8

5.6
2.1
.9
1.8
.7

3.5
1.8
.6
.9
.1

3.6
2.0
.6
.8
.1

5.9
1.9
1.0
2.6
.4

16.6
3.2
2.4
5.0
6.0

16.7
3.6
2.5
4.6
6.0

5.0
1.8
.9
1.8
.6

5.0
1.9
.9
1.6
.6

11.0
3.7
1.4
4.0
1.9

10.3
3.8
1.1
3.6
1.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

. . .

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total unemployment rate
Job loser rate1
Job leaver rate1
Reentrant rate1
New entrant rate1

1

6.3
1.8
1. 1
3.0
.4 •

Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.

A-14. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age
[Percent distribution]

Septeaber 1979
Total unemployed

Duration of unemployment

Reason, sex, and age
Less than
5 weeks

Total, 16 years and o v e r . .
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Males, 20 years and over..
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Females, 20 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,798

100.0

52.7

30.5

16.8

8.7

8.1

2,180
619
1,561
946
1,908
765

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

40.8
53.5
35.8
57.0
61.8
59.0

35.3
33.1
36.2
28.9
26.5
28.9

23.9
13.5
28.1
14.2
11.7
12.1

12.3
8.5
13.8
8.0
5.9
6.2

11.6
5.0
14.2
6.2
5.8
6.0

1,960

100.0

42.9

33.9

23.2

11.2

12.0

1,129
298
831
306
464
61

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

37.6
54.8
31.5
51.3
51.5
(1)

35.3
32.7
36.2
32.1
31.2
(1)

27. 1
12.4
32.3
16.6
17.3
(1)

13.9
8.2
16.0
7.4
7.2
(1)

13.1
4.2
16.4
9.2
10.1

2,327

100.0

53.4

29.7

16.8

9.3

7.5

729
259
470
410
1,025
162

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

36.5
48.9
29.7
55.1
63.0
64.4

38.3
34.8
40.2
27.0
25.1
27.8

25.2
16.3
30.1
17.9
11.9
7.8

13*4
10.2
15.1
11.3

11.8
6.1

(D

4.1

15.0
6.6
5.4
3.7

6.5

1,511

100.0

64.4

27.3

8.3

4.5

3.8

322
62
260
229
418
541

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

61.7

28.5

4.3

5*5

60.6
67.8
70.0
60.3

28.8
28.0
24.9
28.1

9.9
d)

4.7
2.7
3.3
6.2

5.9
1.4
1.8
5.3

(D

(D

10.6
4.1
5.1
11.5

(D

(D

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.




49

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobeeerdi methods used. sex. eoe, end rece
Septeiber 1979
Me*o*«eadesepereai«e4«e«Bl
Sue, age. and n e t
To*

Total, 16 years and over.
16to19y«are
20to24years
25 to 34 years
36to44years
46to54years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

5,798
1,511
1,384
1,279
736
496
289
103

5,029
1,410
1,202
1,074
596
414
239
94

24.9
19.3
27.8
27.6
28.7
24.6
25.5
18. 1

7.0
3.3
8.4
8.1
11.6
6.8
7.5
1.1

71.4
76.2
72.7
72.1
69.5
66.2
54.4
54.3

32.5
27.9
31.4
37.7
33.4
36.7
28.5
42.6

14.6
16.9
11.0
12.3
15.4
17.6
14.6
31.9

Metes. 16 years and over..
16to19ye*rs
20to 24 years
26to34years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 yean
65 years and over

2,705
745
658
529
314
230
157
72

2,311
698
554
421
251
200
121
68

26.7
18.9
28.3
31.6
36.3
30.0
25.6

7.1
2.1
9.2
8.6
14.7
6.0
9.9

72.0
77.4
72.6
74.8
70.9
64.5
52. 1

28.8
23.4
29.1
34.7
28.7
32.0
28.9

18.7
20. 1
14.1
15.9
20.7
26.0
17.4

6.5
3.3
. U.3

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35to44years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
66 years and over

3,093
766
725
750
423
266
132
31

2,717
712
649
654
346
214
118
25

23.4
19.7
27.1
25.1
22.8
19.6
25.4

6.9
4.2
7.7
7.8
9.2
7.5
5.1

d)

71.0
75.1
72.7
70.0
68.2
67.3
56.8
(1)

35.7
32.3
33.3
39.6
36.7
41.6
28.0
CD

11.0
13.8
8.3
9.9
11.8
9.8
11.9
(1)

5.7
4.8
5.1
6.1
6.1
5.6
11.9

White, 16 years and over •
Males
Females

4,531
2,164
2,367

3,869
1,836
2,033

22.5
24.7
20.5

6.7
6.7
6.7

71.7
73.1
70.5

34.6
30.2
38.6

15.2
19.1
11.6

6.1
7.0
5.4

.57
.61
.53

1,267
541
726

1,160
476
684

32.9
34.2
32.2

7.8
8.6
7.3

70.4
67.6
72.2

25.4
23.3
26.9

12.5
17.4
9.1

5.9
4.6
6.6

.55
.56
.54

Back and other, 16 years
and over

(D

(D

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or

d)

(D

(D

.56
.48
.56
.63
.66
.63
.44
.54

6. 1
4.0
4.8

5.6
7.7
11. 1
13.8

6.4

4.8
10.0
17.0
15.7

d)

(D

.60
.45
.58
.70
.81
.75
.50
(1)
.54
.50
.54
.59
.55
.51
.39

d)

waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It
should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 100
because many jobseekers use more than one method.

A-16. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex. and reason for unemployment
September 1979
Method* used at a percent of total jobacekers

Total
Job-

Total, 16 years and over .
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5,798
2,180
946
1,908
765

5,029
1,573
919
1,787
750

24.9
35.5
21.7
19.1
20.3

7.0
9.6
7.3
6.2
3. 1

71.4
71.6
76.0
66.5
76.9

32.5
34.1
36.6
30.9
28.1

14.6
16.9
13.8
12.6
15.1

6.1
6.0
4.1
8.6
2.4

.56
.74
.59
.44
.46

Males, 16 years and over .
Job loears
Job leaven
Reentrants
New entrants

2,705
1,318
437
676
275

2,311
982
436
620
274

26.7
33.3
20.9
24.0
17.5

7.1
8.7
7.1
6.6
2.2

72.0
72.8
74.3
67.1
76.3

28.8
31.6
31.9
25.0
22.3

18.7
20.0
17.2
17.9
18.6

6.5
7.5
5.3
7.7
2.6

,60
.74

Females, 16 years and over
Job losers

3,093
862
509
1,232
490

2,717
591
484
1,166
476

23.4
39.3
22.3
16.5
21.8

6.9
11.2
7.4
5.7
3.8

71.0
69.7
77.3
66.3
77.3

35.7
38.2
40.5
34.0
31.5

11.0
11.8
10.7
9.9
13.0

5.7
3.7
3.3
9.0
2.3

,54
,74
.62
.41
.50

Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: See note, table A-16.

50




.57
,48
,39

HOUSEHOLD MOA
A-17. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
Total

Duration of ummploymMit

•
Sept.
1978

Total. 16 years and am
Less than 5 waato
5 t o H waafct
5to10waatn
11 to 14 weak?
15 weeks and o w
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Awrage (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

Thousands of paraam

Sept.
1979.

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

5,797

5,798

100.0

100.0

4,272

4,331

100.0

100.0

3,104
1,606
1,084
522
1,087
528
558
264
294

3,058
1,769
1,283
486
971
504
467
235
232

53.5
27.7
18.7
9.0
18.7
9.1
9.6
4.6
5.1

52.7
30.5
22.1
8.4
16.8
8.7
8.1
4.1
4.0

1,993
1,300
875
424
978
456
522
255
268

1,999
1,451
1,039
412
881
464
417
219
198

46.7
30.4
20.5
9.9
22.9
10.7
12.2
6.0
6.3

46.2
33.5
24.0
9.5
20.3
10.7
9.6
5.1
4.6

10.8
4.7

10.0
4.7

12.6
5.8

11.3
5.9

A-18. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status
Thousands of persons
Average

Sex, age, race, and marital status

Sweeks

5 to 14
weeks

27 weeks
and over

duration,
in weeks

duration.

September 1979

Less than 5 weeks as a 15 weeks and over as a
percent of unemployed percent of unemployed
in group

Sept,
1978

Sept
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

16 to 21 years
16to19years
20 t o 24 years
25 t o 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 t o 64 years
65 years and over

5,798
2,150
1,511
1,384
1,279
736
496
289
103

3#058
1,344
974
757
625
336
207
118
42

1,769
613
413
431
411
235
155
92
31

504
103
68
101
142
76
65
38
15

467
91
57
95
101
90
69
40
14

10.0
6.9
6.6
9.0
10.1
12.5
14.3
15.1
17.3

4.7
4.0
3.9
4.6
5.3
5.9
7.0
6.7
6.8

53.5
62.9
64.7
55.8
50.1
50.7
37.6
39.6
45.4

52.7
62.5
64.4
54.7
48.8
45.6
41.8
40.9
40.6

18.7
11.0
8.5
17.7
18.9
22.1
34.6
33.4
33.1

16.8
9.0
8.3
14.1
19.0
22.5
27.0
27.1
28.9

Males, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
2 0 t o 24years
25 t o 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 t o 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

2,705
1,065
745
658
529
314
230
157
72

1,316
652
475
338
218
118
73
62
32

864
304
199
231
187
115
66
49
17

253
55
34
42
73
25
46
24
10

272
54
37
47
51
57
44
23
12

11.2
7.4
7.0
9.3
11.1
15.6
18.0
17.3
19.7

5.3
4.1
3.9
4.9
7.0
7.4
9.7
8.1
8.8

48.4
62.0
65.7
53.0
36.7
43.0
28.6
32.9

48.7
61.2
63.8
51.4
41.2
37.5
31.8
39.5

22.9
13.5
9.2
20.7
24.9
29.2
43.1
37.9

(D

(D

19.4
10.2
9.5
13.5
23.4
26.0
39-5
29.6
(1)

Fernet**, 16 years and over
16to 21 years
16 to 19 yean
20 to 24 veers
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
56 to 64 years
65 years and over

3,093
1,084
766
725
750
423
266
132
31

1,741
692
499
418
407
218
134
56
9

905
308
214
201
224
120
88
44
14

251
48
34
59
70
51
18
15
5

195
36
20
48
50
33
25
17
2

8.9
6*5
6.3
8.7
9.4
10.3
11.0
12.5
11.7

4.43.9
3.8
4.3
4.6
4.8
5.0
6.0
6.3

57.7
63.6
63.9
58.3
59.0
55.0
46.7
46.1

56.3
63.8
65.1
57.7
54.2
51.6
50.4
42.6

(D

15.4
8.7
7.8
15.1
14.9
18.0
26.0
28.9
(1)

14.4
7.8
7.1
14.7
15.9
19.9
16.3
24.1
(1)

White, 16 years and over.

4,531
2,164
2,367

2,494
1,108
1,386

1,314
641
673

393
217
176

330
198
131

9.3
10*7
8.1

4.5
4.9
4.3

55.1
50.4
59.0

55.0
51.2
58.6

17.8
20.9
15.3

15.9
19.2
13.0

1,267
541
726

564
209
355

455
222
233

112
37
75

137
73
64

12.2
13.4
11.2

6.1
6.9
5.2

48.3
41.3
53.5

44.5
38.6
48.9

21.8
30.1
15.7

19.6
20.3
19.1

Total, 16 years and over

d other, 16 years and over

Males, 16 years and overMarried, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)
Feaaalea, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or
separated
Single (never married)
1

(D

(D

951

412

301

108

130

13.4

6.6

39.4

43.3

30.9

25.0

268
1,487

98
807

118
444

32
113

20
122

11.3
9.8

6.9
4.6

44.1
54.5

36.5
54.3

27.5
17.4

19.2
15.9

1,278

740

365

93

80

8.4

4,3

57.6

57.9

16.1

1.3-5.

265
736

174
366

63
96

44
71

10.5
8.7

5.4
4.3

53.3
59.7

48.5
58.0

17.6
13.6

19.5
13.2

546
1,269

Nrwtt not atownwtNrabMk law ale* 7*000.




51

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-19. Unemployed pmm t by duration, occupation, and industry of last job
Thousands of parsons
L m than S weeks
tof

September 1979

ISwaafctandovar
as a percent of

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and managerial
Sales worken
Clerical workers

1,852
687
229
936

965
323
137
505

556
223
58
276

180
71
24
84

151
70
10
71

10.2
11.6
8. 1
9.7

4.8
5.9
4.2
4.6

54.9
49.4
53.0
59.2

52.1
47.0
59.7
54.0

19.2
22.3
21.8
16.3

17.8
20.7
14.8
16.6

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives .
Nonfarm laborers

2,118
463
993
185
477

1,035
217
473
97
248

679
162
318
48
150

215
34
120
13
48

188
51
81
26
31

10.6
11.9
10.7
12.2
8.7

5.2
5.6
5.6
4.8
4.8

49.7
44.9
49.8
50.C
54.e

48.9
46.8
47.7
52.6
52.0

22.4
22.7
23.4
21.5
20.3

19.1
18.2
20.3
21.2
16.5

948

525

280

60

82

9.7

4.5

56.9

55.4

14.6

15.0

143
368
1,296
677
619
236
1,157
1,504
179

100
181
610
302
308
98
589
863
99

36
123
415
230
185
78
364
42 9
49

7
28
157
78
79
33
117
99
12

37
113
67
46
27
88
113
19

4.5
9.9
11.0
11.4
10.6
13.1
9.7
9.4
10.5

3.6
5.2
5.7
6.3
5.0
6.4
4.9
4.4
4.5

•66.2
55.1
47.9
47.3
48.6
49.0
55.3
55.3
50.7

70.3
49.1
47. 1
44.6
49.8
41.5
50.9
57.4
55.3

6.5
17.4
25.4
29.0
21.3
23.5
18.8
15.2
25.1

4.3
17.5
20.9
21.5
20.2
25.4
17.7
14.1
17.1

766

451

223

47

46

8.6

4.2

54.8

58.8

15.4

12.1

Service workers .
INDUSTRY

1

Apiculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries . . .
Public adnwMstration
No previous work experience.
Includes wage and salary workers only.

A-20. Employed persons by sex and age
[In thousands]

Age and type of industry

Sept.
1978"

Sept.
1979 '

Sept.
1976

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

20 to 24 years . .
25 to 54 yean . . .
25 to 34 yean
36 to 44 yean
45 to 54 yean
56 to 64 years . .
56 to 59 yean
80 to 84 yean
86 yean and over

95,041
7,604
3,104
4,500
13,614
59,593
24,907
18,223
16,462
11,295
7,041
4,254
2,936

97,576
7,524
3,135
4,389
13,937
61,636
26,099
19,069
16,468
11,500
7,158
4,342
2,979

55,788
4, 079
1,656
2,423
7,360
35,535
14,891
10,821
9,823
6,9 39
4,283
2,656
1,875

56,878
4,044
1,722
2,322
7,584
36,305
15,407
11,109
9,789
7,039
4,367
2,672
1,907

39,253
3,524
1,447
2,077
6,254
24,058
10,016
7,402
6,640
4,356
2,758
1,598
1,060

40,697
3,480
1,413
2,067
6,353
25,332
10,692
7,960
6,679
4,460
2,790
1,670
1,072

16to 19years . . .
16to17yean
18 to 19 yean
20to24yean . . .
25to54yean . . .
25 to 34 yean
36 to 44 yean
46 to 64 yean
56 to 64 yean . .
56 to 59 yean
60to64 yean
86 yean and over

91,492
7,199
2,876
4,323
13,196
57,798
24,268
17,682
15,847
10,740
6,743
3,997
2,560

94,030
7,155
2,917
4,238
13,486
59,837
25,393
18,537
15,907
10,945
6,871
4,074
2,608

52,940
3,743
1,471
2,272
7,012
34,165
14,391
10,409
9,364
6,482
4,048
2,434
1,539

54,069
3,732
1,532
2,201
7,219
34,952
14,853
10,722
9,377
6,588
4,134
2,454
1,578

38,552
3,456
1,404
2,052
6,185
23,632
9,877
7,273
6,483
4,258
2,695
1,56 3
1,021

39,961
3,423
1,385
2,038
6,267
24,885
10,540
'7,815
6,530
4,356
2,737
1,619
1,030

3,549
405
228
177
418
1,796
639
541
615
555
297
257
. 376

3,545
369
218
151
452
1,799
706
532
561
555
287
268
370

2,848
337
185
152
348
1,370
500
412
458
457
235
222
337

2,809
311
190
121
365
1,354
554
387
412
451
233
218
329

701
68
43
25
70
426
140
129
157
97
62
35
39

736
58
28
30
87
446
152
145
148
104
53
51
42

16 to 19 yews . .
16to 17 years
18 to 19 years

16 to 19 yean . .
16 to 17 yean
18 to 19 yean
20to24yean . . .
25to54 y e a n . .
25 to 34 yean
35to44 yean
45to64yean
66 to 84 yean . .
66 to 59 yean
60 to 84 yaws

52




HOUSEHOLD
A-21.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age

[In thousands]

Mates, 20 yaars and ovar

Sept.
1978

Famates,20yaarsando«r

Sept,
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Matet.1t-19yaan

Sept.
1978

Famates, 16-19 yaais

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

95,041

97,576

51,709

52,835

35,728

37,217

4,079

4,044

3,524

3,480

White-collar workers

47,299

49,529

22,050

22,734

22,939

24,371

579

634

1,731

1,790

Professional and technical

14,204
2,590
3,064
8,550

15,108
2,854
3,206
9,048

8,090
933
888

6,269

8,492
970
952
6,570

5,980
1,638
2,155
2,187

6,470
1,863
2,240
2,367

66
2
5
59

78
3
6
69

68
19
16
33

69
17
9
43

10,177
8,373
869
936

10,757
8,963
832
961

7,717
6,311
621
786

8,038
6,638
587
813

2,359
1,965
247
147

2,619
2,231
245
143

58
54
1
3

53
47

43
43

46
47

5,843
3,097
2,746

6,059
3, 141
2,918

3,082
1,041
2,041

3,053
975
2,078

2,232
1,589
643

2,381
1,627
754

190
155
35

234
176
58

339
312
28

391
363
28

17,074
4,723
12,351

17,606
4,769
12,837

3,161

66
3,095

3,151
61
3,090

12,368
4,287
8,081

12,902
4,385
8,517

265
2
263

269
4
265

1,280
369
911

1,284
318
966

32,089

32,486

23,718

24,196

5,541

5,633

2,355

2,260

475

397

Craft and kindred workers
Carpenters
Construction craft, except carpenters
Mechanics and repairers
Metal craft
Blue-collar worker supervisors, not elsewhere
classified
AH other

12,703
1,249
2,637
3,390
1,271

13,135
1,325
2,732
3,427
1,314

11,394
1,172
2,450
3,151
1,191

11,823
1,238
2,552
3,165
1,232

731
7
43
5139

716
7
55
50
39

523
66
137
190
41

544
76
121
206
36

55
4
8

52
3
5
5
5

1,752
2,403

1,841
2,495

1,540
1,891

1,634
2,001

198
394

182
381

11
78

20
84

2
41

5
29

Operatives, except transport
Durable goods manufacturing
Nondurable goods manufacturing
Other industries

11,007
4,984
3,590
2,433

11,009
4,964
3,522
2,523

5,934
3,061
1,423
1,449

5,967
2,983
1,412
1,572

4,101
1,578
1,903
621

4,181
1,699
1,894
589

674
242
125
306

606
193
104
308

299
104
139
57

256
90
112
54

Transport equipment operatives
Drivers, motor vehicles
All other

3,606
3,060

3,655
3,083
572

3,165
2,646
519

3, 169
2,633
536

261
252
10

303
283
20

165
148
17

172
155
17

14
15

11
12

Nonfarm laborers
Construction
Manufacturing
Other industries

4,773
942
1,164

2,667

4,686
889
1,034
2,763

3,226
748
858
1,620

3,237
718
742
1,777

448
22
161
265

433
12
153
268

993
168
128
697

938
157
120
662

106
4
17
85

78
3
19
57

12,668

12,704

3,780

3,839

6,760

6,705

856

918

1,272

1,243

1,163
11,505
4,230
1,370
5,905

1,170
11,534
4,254
1,403
5,877

14
3,766
724
1,222

18
3,821
815
1,244

938
5,821
2,213
118
3,490

944
5,761
2,143
125
3,493

13
844
530
27

13
905
579
28
298

198
1,074
763
3
308

196
1,047
717
6
324

2,985

2,856

489

507

232

47

50

157

177

332
145
187

331
124
207

45
33
12

50
29
21

TOTAL

Health workers
Teachers, except college
Other professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . .
Salaried workers
Self-employed workers in retail trade
Self-employed workers, except retail trade .
Sales workers
Retail trade
Other industries
Clerical workers
Stenographers', typists, and secretaries
Other clerical workers

....

Blue-collar workers

Service workers
Private household workers
Service workers, except private household . . .
Food service workers
Protective service workers
All other
Farm workers

546

Farmers and farm managers

1,527

1,529

Farm laborers and supervisors
Paid workers
Unpaid family workers

1,458
1,167
291

1,327
1,013
314




1,820

1,762

2, 160

2,067

'1,360

1,335

801
769
32

732
704
29

287
289
17
8
281
221
60

214
157
58

53

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-22. Emptoyod persons by occupation, sox, and r«c«
[Percent distribution]

Occupation and race

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

TOTAL
95,041
100.0

97,576
100.0

55,788
100.0

56,878
100.0

39,253
100.0

40,697
100.0

White-collar workers
Profwtonwsnotftcnnicw « . * • • « • •
Managers and administrators, txotpt farm . . .
Sales workars
Clerical workare

49.8
14.9
10.7
6.1
18.0

50.8
15.5
11.0
6.2
18.0

40.6

41.1
15.1
14.2

62.8

64.3

5.8
6.0

6.5

34.8

6.8
34.9

Blua-oollar workers
Craft and kindrad workars.
Operatives, txoapt transport
Transport aquipmant oparativas
Nonfat m labor ars

33.8
13.4
11.6
3.8
5.0

33.3
13.5
11.3
3.7
4.8

46.7

46.5
21.7
11.6
5.9
7.3

15.3
2.0
11.2
.7
1.4

14.8
1.9
10.9
.8
1.3

13.3
1.2
12.1

13.0
1.2
11.8

8.3

8.4
.1
8.3

20.5
2.9
17.6

19.5
2.8
16.7

3.1
1.6
1.5

2.9
1.6
1.4

4.4
2.5
1.9

4.0
2.4
1.7

1.4
.4
1.0

1.4
.4
.9

84,325
100.0

86,481
100.0

50,113
100.0

50,938
100.0

34,212
100.0

35,543
100.0

White-cotter wortars
Professional and technical
Manaoars and administrators, except farm . .
Sales worker*
Clerical workers

51.4
15.3
11.4
6.6
18.1

52.4
15.9
11.7
6.7
18.1

42.1
15.2
14.7
6.2

42.7
15.6
15.1

65.1
15.6

66.2

6.2

6.6
7.0
35.8

6.9
7.4

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

33.4
14.0
11.1
3.6
4.7

32.8
14.0
10.7

46.0

12.0
.9
11.1

11.9
.9
11.0

7.5

7.6

3.2
1.7
1.4

3.0
1.7
1.3

4.4
2.6
1.7

10,716
100.0

11,094
100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers

36.8
11.8
5.3
3.0
16.8

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport aquipmant operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workars
Privata household workars
Othar service workars

T o U , 16 y o n and ovtr (thousands)
Percent

Saryioa worfcan
Privata housahoid workars
Othar sarvioB workars

.

Farm workars
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors . . * .

14.6
13.9
5.9
6.1
21.4
11.8

6.0
7.6
8.3

d)

15.4
6. 1

16.1

6.5

WMtt
Total, 16 yaars and OWJT (thousands)
Percent

Service worktrs
Private housahoid workers
Other service workers
Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and-supervisors

6.0

5.9

45.6
22.3

16.3
35.6

14.9
2.1
10.6
.7
1.4

14.3
2.0
10.3
.8

2.1
16.5

18.0
2.1
15.8

4.0
2.6
1.5

1.4
.5
1.0

1.5
.5
1.0

5,675
100.0

5,940
100.0

5,041
100.0

5,154
100.0

38.2
12.3
5.5
2.7
17.7

27.0
9.9
7.3
2.6
7.2

27.3
10.7

47.9
13.9
3.0
3.3

50.8
14.1
3.8
3.0

36.8
8.4
15.5
5.1
7.8

37.5
9.6
15.5
4.8
7.6

53.2
14.7
15.9
9.2
13.5

54.3
17.0
15.8
8.5
13.0

18.3
1.3
15.1

23.5
3.8
19.7

21.8
3.5
18.4

15.2
.1
15.1

14.4
.1
14.3

32.8
8.0

2.9
.5
2.4

2.4
•4
2.1

.9
3.7

3.6
4.4

22.1
11.4

5.6

11.1

5.6

6.9

6.7

7.5

7.7

1.2

Black and othar
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)
Percent

Farm workare
Farmers and farm managers .
Farm laborers and supervisor!

54




4.6

6.9
2.4
7.2

4.0
.6
3.3.

27.6

.6

24.9
1.0
.1
.9

29.9
18.2
1.1
15.2
.4
1.4
30.4
7.3
23.1
.7

d)

.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-23. Employed persons by class of worker, age. and sex
[In thousands]

September 1979

Wage and salary workars
Waa* and
salary
workars

Total

1,344
267
204
63
117
181
123
224
244
126
118
187

15,373
445
146
299
1,460
4,485
3,594
3,030
2,009
1,238
772
348

70,239
6,341
2,520
3,821
11,552
19,066
13,110
11,103
7,550
4,799
2,751
1,515

6,629
70
27
43
336
1,585
1,581
1,442
1,089
670
419
526

446
31
19
12
20
75
130
107
52
38
14
32

1,501
249
143
105

60 to 64 years
65 years and over

86,955
7,054
2,870
4,183
13,130
23,733
16,827
14,358
9,804
6,163
3,641
2,051

Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

49,286
3,669
1,501
2,168
6,985
13,761
9,577
8,334
5,769
3,652
2,137
1,171

208
73
55
19
28
22
5
18
26
12
14
36

7,635
201
83
117
601
.2,234
1,761
1,594
1,041
646
396
203

41,443
3,395
1,363
2,032
6,356
11,505
7,811
6,722
4,721
2,994
1,727
9 32

4,736
45
19
26
225
1,085
1,144
1,040
798
481
317
399

48
18
12
6
9
6
1
3
2
1
1

1,214
212
124
88

Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
36 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over

37,669
3,385
1,370
2,015
6,145
9,972
7,249
6,024
4,015
2,511
1,504
880

1,136
194
149
44
89
159
117
207
218
114
105
152

7,738
245
63
182
859
2,251
1,833
1,436
968
592
376
145

28,796
2,947
1,158
1,789
5,196
7,561
5,299
4,381
2,829
1,805
1,024
583

1,893
25
8
17
111
500
437
402
291
189
102
127

398
12
7
5
11

Total. 16 yarn and over .
I6to19yaars
16to17yaars
18to19yaars
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
3 6 t o 4 4 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years

55 to 59 years

Saff

309
361
189
155
142
77

65
95

249
286
142
121
115

65
50
89

69
129
104
50
37
13

286
37
20
17
61
75
47
34
27
12
15
6

1,710
41
28
13
120
290
295
339
369
187
183
256

335
79
47
32
23
55
48
67
43
23
21
19

1,505
42
28
13
102
260
244
286
335
168
166
237

89
58
38
20
14
8

204

246
21
9
13
9
47
48
61
42
23
20

6
1
1
2

17
30
50
53
35
18
16

17

A-24. Employed persons by industry and occupation
[In thousands]

September 1979

Craft
aertaai

Total
workers

Total, 16 years and over:
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade .
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real
estate
Services
Private households . . . .
Other service Industries




315
18
889

3,545
879
6,587
22,275
13,468
8,806

66
137
174
2,315
1,592
723

40
71
782
1,588
924
663

4
4
28
476
179
297

93
122
452
2,721
1,582
1,139

70
232
3,683
4,432
2,930
1,502

15
227
3H7
8,486
4,964
3,522

75
54
192
805
410
395

6,486
19,551
3,736
15,816

595
398
142
257

669
3,813
796
3,017

47
4,051
910
3, 141

1,441
3,395
734
2,661

1,403
1,539
330
1,209

147
977
205
772

1,561
664
352
311

447
1,160
231

177
-3,555

929

3,519

5,807
27,419
1,420
25,999
5,026

335
10,065
4
10,061
1,022

1,192
1,997
2
1,995
605

1,254
190

2,561
5,085
9
5,076

96
1,367
14
1,353
313

12
758

19
220
4
216
63

80
583
173
410
_159

190
5

758
42

11
12
39
419
241
178

1,034
647
387

2,856

36

1,170
1,170

257
5,983
44
5,939
1-0*0

55

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-25. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex

Total
Paid abseneas2

Sept.
1S78

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Total, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
Bed weather
Industrial dispute
All other reasons

4,609
2,352
1,282
90
107
777

4,559
2,350
1,317
44
112
736

4,464
2,293
1,246
60
107
758

4,467
2,308
1,302
35
112
711

2,353
1,689
< 518

Males, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reason^

2,621
1,389
705
527

2,550
1,370
722
458

2,501
1,343
676
483

2,472
1,333
711
42 8

Females, 16 years and over
Vacation
Illness
All other reasons*

1,988
963
577
448

2,008
980
595
433

1,962
950
570
442

1,995
975
591
429

1

Pay status not available separ
are included in all other reasons.

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

2,357
1,697
531

1,670
425
635

1,656
443
677

146

128

610

537

1,460
1,061
306
92

1,395
1,038
295
61

795
199
307
289

805
198
350
257

894
628
212
54

962
659
236
67

226
327
322

851
245
325
281

3|ndudes bed weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately.

Excludes private household.

2

Unpaid absence*?

i for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories

A-26. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work
September 1979
Peroent distribute

Total, 16 years and over .

1-34 hours
1-4 hours
5-14 hours
15-29 hours
30-34 hours

93,017

89,563

3,454

100.0

100.0

100.0

21,035
690

20,068
648

967
42
212
491
222

22.6
.7
4.4

22.4
.7
4.3
11. 1

28.0
1.2
6.1
14.2
6.4

77.6
7.2
42.5

72.0
3.8
14.8
53.4
8.0
12.2
33.2

4,056
10,455
5,834

36 hours and over
36-39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours

71,983
6,608
38,605
26,770

49 to W hours
80 hours and over
Avaraaje hours, total at work . . .
Average hours, workers on full-time
schedules

56




3 , 843

9,964
5,613

69,494
6,476

10,299

9,129

38,093
24,925
10,023
8,707

7,342

6,195

39.5

39.1

43.7

43.2

2,487
132
512
1,843
275
422
1,146
47.0
55.5

•IT. 2

6.3
77.4
7.1
41.5
28.8
11.1
9.8

7.9

6.3

27.8
11.2
9.7

6.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-27.

Persons at work 1 - 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours

tNunfcan in thousands]

September 1979
Nonaaricultural industrial
Rtason for working leas than 35 hour*
Usually
work
parttima

Total

Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work
Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment
New job started during week
Job terminated during week
Could find only part-time work
Other reasons
Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work
Vacation
Illness
Bad weather
Industrial dispute
Legal or religious holiday
Full time for this job
All other reasons
Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

.

.

Worked 30 to 34 hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons

A-28.

Usually
work
full tima

Total

part tima

21,035

6,184

14,850

20,068

5,899

14,169

3 ,096
1,437
115
214
106
1 ,223

1,307
871
115
214
106

1,789
566

2,873
1,289
108
209
95
1,172

1,190
778
108
209
95

1,683
511

17 ,940
10 ,665
978
1 ,695
594
48
194
1,575
2 ,190

4,878

4,709

12,486
10,225

1,583

1,575
607

17,195
10,225
963
1,641
544
48
189
1,508
2,078

1,513

1,508
565

21.7
20.8

23.7
26.3

20.3
18.7

21.8
20.9

23.8
26.4

20.4
18.8

983
4 ,851

561
2,643

422
2,208

913
4,700

511
2,576

402
2,124

1,223
13,062
10,665

978
1,480
594
48
194

215

1,172

963
1,452
544
48
189

189

Nonagricultural workers by industry and full- or part-time status

{Numbers in thousands]

September 1979
Full- or part-time status
Av<
hours.
On full-time schedules
Total
at

Total, 16 years and over '

On part tima

On
voluntary
parttima

49 hours
or more

Total

89,563

2,873

12,486

74,204

49,279

10,023

14,902

39.1

43.2

82,894

2,539

11,363

68,992

47,090

9,427

12,475

38.9

42.8

5,164

251

269

4,644

3,180

576

888

40.3

42.5

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

20,767
12,548
8,219

447
180
267

731
304
427

19,589
12,064
7,525

13,188
8,181
5,008

3,200
2,011
1,189

3,201
1,872
1,328

41,4
41.6
41.1

42.6
42.4
42.9

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

5,804
16,866
5,128

151
725
71

402
4,301
512

5,251
11,840
4,545

3,384
7,317
3,351

697
1,945
556

1,170
2,578
638

41.9
36.5
39.0

44.0
43.5
41.6

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

23,616
1,296
22,320
4,740

838
161
677
42

4,874
737
4,137
251

17,904
398
17,506
4,447

12,929
274
12,655
3,300

1,892
42
1,850
448

3,083
82
3,001
699

36.6
22.5
37.4
41. 1

42.4
44.0
42.4
42.6

6,223
446

325
8

967
156

4,93?
282

2,032
158

574
22

2,325
102

42.9
38.2

49.3
47.8

Wag* and salary workers
Construction

Self employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1

,

Includes mining, not shown separately.




57

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-29.

Persons at work in nonagricuftural industries by full- or part-time status, sex, age, race, and marital status

[Numbers in thousands]

September 1979
On full-time schedules

On

Total
at

voluntary
parttimt

Total

40 noun
or lew

TOTAL

89,563

2,873
688
445
125
320
2,427
575
1,852
1,100
648
103

12,486
4,277
3,403
2,280
1,123
9,083
1,674
7,409
3,721
2,557
1,131

74,204
6,894
3,099
430
2,669
71,106
10,765
60,341
37,201
21,967
1,172

1,235
303
193
41
152
1,042
264
778
461
262
54

3,826
2,032

2,131

596

46,536
3,905
1,743
247
1,496
44,793
6,108
38,685
23,637
14,239
810

8,661
2,245
1,708
1,077
631
6,952
1,044
5,908
3,250
2,124
535

27,667
2,990
1,356
184
1,173
2 6,311
4,657
21,653
13,563
7,729
361

21,851
2,472
1,143
162
981
20,709

6,012
28,637
17,453
10,239
946

1,638
384
252
83
168
1,387
311
1,076
640
386
50

16,940
10,520
6,150
270

Males
Females

79,428
46,246
33,182

2,357
1,045
1,312

11,406
3,450
7,956

65,665
41,751
23,914

Bacfcandothar
Males
Females

10,136
5,352
4,784

515
190
326

1,080
376
705

Males, 16 y a m and ovw:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Sin*e (never married)

35,910
4,040
11,647

605
156
474

Female*. 16 yean and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

21,486
7,116
9,364

813
347
476

Baa* seam, 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
:
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

11,859

6,947
2,835
4,112
82,616
13,014

69,602
42,022
25,172

2,406

Males. 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

51,597

Females. 16 years and over
16 to 21 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over

37,966
5,619
3,316
1,344
1,972

6,240
3,631
1,491
2,140

47,966
7,002
40,964
24,569
14,935
1,460

34,650

*.

49,279

24,925
1,774

39.1
31.4
27.5
19.3
33.2
40. 1
38.2
40.5
41.1
40.5
29.6

43.2
41.3
40.6
37.8
41.0
43.4
42.0
43.6
43.7
43.4
43.0

42.2
33.1
28.9
20.1
35.1
43.2
40.3
43.8
44.5
43.8
31.3

44.7
42.2
41.3
38.2
41.8
44.9
43.3
45.1
45.4
44.8
43.6

890
4,713
3,043
1,579
91

34.9
29.4
26.0
18.3
31.2
35.8
35.7
35.8
36.4
35.8
26.8

40.7
40.0
39.6
37.2
40.0
40.8
40.2
40.9
41.0
40.7
41.9

42,449
23,811
18,638

23,216
17,940
5,276

39.3
42.5
34.8

43.5
45.0
40. »

8,541
4,786
3,753

6,831
3,616
3,212

1,710
1,170
541

37.8
39.7
35.7

41.2
42.1
40.1

1,111
222
2,492

.34,194
3,662
8,681

19,360
2,136
5,933

14,834
1,526
2,748

44.0
42.7
36.5

45.2
45.0
42.7

5,115
1,059
2,487

15,558
5,710
6,401

12,315
4,417
5,122

3,243
1,293
1,279

35.0
36.9
33.3

40.7
41.0
40.5

1,695
1,203

492
630
1,501
471
4 34

5,120

2,360
364
1,996

46,920
7,735
39,185

23,649
14,719
815

27,426
2,651
1,218
204
1,015

26,209
3,968
22,242
13,127
8,572
544

3,767

739
66
673
24,186
3,030
21,156
13,552
7,248
357
19,110
1,254
525
43
481
18,584
2,140
16,443
10,510

5,667
266
5,816
518
213
22

192
5,602

RACE

MARITAL STATUS

58




DATA
A 30

at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sax

Septenber 1979

On part time

Average
hours, total

On voluntary
41 to 48

Total

Average hours,

40 hour.

90,229

2,920

12,601

74,708

49,529

10,086

15,093

39.2

40.5

White-collar workers
Profstttontt AOG tKnfttcjw
...*,.#.
Managers and administrators, except farm
Saleswomen
Clerical workers

47,305
14,411
10,290
5,802
16,802

923
201
79
202
442

6,398
1,443
472
1,428
3,055

39,984
12,767
9,739
4,172
13,305

26,190
8,325
4,488
2,467
10,908

5,073
1,551
1,456
567
1,499

8,721
2,891
3,795
1,138
898

39.8
40.7
46.2
37.1
36.0

43.5
43.6
47.7
44.2
40.3

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

30,800
12,490
10,382
3,462
4,466

1,222
362
439
145
276

2,225
480
584
274
887

27,353
11,648
9,359
3,043
3,303

17,869
7,291
6,662
1,563
2,353

4,280
1,903
1,456
464
456

5,204
2,454
1,241
1,016
494

40.6
42.1
39.9
43.3
35.8

43.1
43.6
41.9
46.3
42.1

Service workers
Private household
Other service workers

12,124
1,125
10,999

775
124
651

3,978
613
3,365

7,371
6,983

5,470
269
5,202

733
36
696

1,168
83
1,085

33.0
23.9
33.9

42.3
43.5
42.2

Total, 16 years and over

Miles, 16 years and over

52,092

1,265

3 # 897

46,930

27,613

6,982

12,335

42.2

42.3

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

22,408
8,231
7,758
3,162
3,257

233
79
55
39
60

1,336
418
190
331
396

20,839
7,734
7,513
2,792
2,801

11,115
4,574
3,143
1,434
1,963

2,930
950
1,095
420
466

6,794
2,210
3,275
938
372

44.2
43.4
47.8
42.6
39.1

46.1
45.1
48.6
45.8
42.4

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

25,137
11,766
6,239
3,159
3,972

877
331
187
117
2 42

1,586
377
290
153
767

22,674
11,058
5,762
2,889
2,963

14,188
6,859
3,768
1,466
2,093

3,672
1,829
982
441
421

4,814
2,370
1,012
982
449

41.3
42.3
41.4
44.2
35.9

43.7
43.7
43.0
46.4
42.1

4,547
31
4,516

155
4
151

975
17
958

3,417
10
3,407

2,310
5
2,305

380
2
378

727
3
724

37.6
23.7
37.7

44.0
52.0
43.9

38,137

1,656

8,704

27,777

21,915

3,102

2,760

35.0

37.6

24,897
6,180
2,532
2,640
13,545

691
122
25
162
382

5,062
1,025
283
1,096
2,659

19,144
5,033
2,224
1,382
10,504

15,075
3,750
1,344
1,034
8,945

2,143
602
361
147
1,034

1,926
681
519
2C1
525

35.9
37.1
41.5
30.6
35.3

40.7
41.3
44.3
41.1
39.7

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers

5,663
724
4,143
303
494

345
31
252
27
34

639
103
295
121
120

4,679
590
3,596
155
340

3,680
430
2,893
98
260

607
75
474
23
36

392
85
229
34
44

37.2
37.9
37.7
33.4
34.8

40.5
41.9
40.0
43.9
41.8

Service workers
Private household
Other service workers

7,577
1,094
6,483

620
120
500

3,003
596
2,407

3,954
378
3,576

3,160
262
2,897

352
35
318

442
81
361

30.2
23.9
31.3

40.9
43.3
40.6

Service workers
Private household
Other service workers
Females, 16 years and over
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers




59

HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-31.

Employment status of 14-15 year-olds by sex and race

[Numbers in thousands]

Septeiter

1979

Black and otlMr

Both M X M

Civilian noninstitutional population . .

7,867

4,002

3,865

6,562

3,347

3,215

1,305

656

649

Civilian Labor force
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1,403
1,181
135
1,046
222
15.8

759
627
110
518
132
17.4

643
554
25
528
90
14.0

1 ,301
1,133
131
1,002
168
12.9

707
601
105
496
106
15.0

593
532
26
506
62
10.5

102
48
4
44
54
52.9

52
26
5
22
26
(1)

50
22

Not in labor force
Keeping house
Going to school
Unable to work
All other reasons

6,064
53
6,204
13
194

3,243
10
3,085
6
142

3,221
43
3,120
7
51

5,261
51
5,061
12
137

2,639
' 9
2,519
6
105

2,622
42
2,542
6
32

1,203
2
1,143
1
57

604
1
566

i

37

22
28
O)
599
1
577
1
20

Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-32.

Employed 14-15 year-olds by sex, class of worker, and occupation

September 1979
Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

CLASS OF WORKER

1, 181

627

554

100.0

100.0

100.0

1,046
977
424
27
525
63
7
135
61
35
40

518
473
126
13
335
40
4
110
47
29
33

528
503
298
14
191
23
2
25
13
6
6

88.5
82.7
35.9
2.3
44.4
5.3
.6
11.4
5.2
3.0
3.4

82.6
75.4
20.1
2.1
53.4
6.4
.6
17.5
7.5
4.6
5.3

95.5
91.0
53.9
2.5
34.5
4.2
.4
4.5
2.4
1.1
1.1

1,181

627

554

100.0

100.0

100.0

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers

281
12
2
214
53

184
5
2
170
6

97
7

23.8
1.0
.2
18.1
4.5

29. 4
m8
m3
2
1. 0

17.5
1.3

Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonf arm laborers

259
4
28
10
216

225
5
21
8
191

21.9
.3
2.4
.8
18.3

35. 9
8
3. 4
1. 3
30. 5

6.1

7
2
24

1.3
.4
4.3

Service workers
Private household workers
Other service workers

547
309
238

143
18
125

404
290
114

46.4
26.2
20.2

22. 8
2.9
20. 0

73.1
52.4
20.6

94
3
91

76
2
73

19
1
18

8.0
.3
7.7

12. 1
m3
11. 7

3.4
.2
3.3

Tot*
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Private household workers
Government workers
Other wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Agriculture
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
OCCUPATION
To*

,

Farm workers
Farmers and farm managers
Farm laborers and supervisors

60



44
46
34

8.0
8.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33. Employment status of tha noninstitutional population by sax and aga. seasonally adjustad
[Numbers in thousand.]

1978

Sept.

1979

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Apr.

Hay

Jane

July

Aug.

Sept.

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population '
Armed Forces l
Civilian noninstitutional population ' .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Percent of total population..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

161,570 161,829 162,033 162,250 162,448 162,633 162,909 163,008 163,260 163,469 163,665 163,891 164,106
2, 123
2,117
2,094
2,122
2,108
2,094
2,090
2,082
2,078
2,076
2,082
2,090
2,092
159,447 159,707 159,916 160,142 160,353 160,539 160,819 160,926 161,182 161,393 161,604 161,801 162,013
100,974 101,077 101,628 101,867 102,183 102,527 102,714 102,111 102,247 102,528 103,059 103,049 103,49e
63.3
63.6
63.6
63,7
63.3
63.9
63.9
63.5
63.4
63.5
63.8
63.7
63.9
95#010
95,751
95,855 96,300 96,647 96,842 96,174 96,318 96,754 97,210 96,900 97,513
95,241
58.8
59.1
5
9
.
1
59.3
59.4
58.9
59.4
59.0
59.0
59.2
59.4
59.1
59.4
3,406
3,387
3,275
3,374
3,232
3,311
3,186
3,343
3,184
3,260
3,262
3,32
3,400
91,60 4 91,867 92,476 92,468 93,068 93,335 93,499 92,987 93,134 93,4 94 93,949 93,578 94,113
5,964
5,877
5,836
6,012
5,883
5,881
5,871
5,937
5,929
5,774
5,848
6,149
5,985
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.7
6.0
5.8
58,473 58,630 58,288 58,275 58,170 58,012 58,1C5 58,815 58,935 58,865 58,545 58,75
58,515

Males, 20 yean and over
Total noninstitutional population '
Gvilian noninstitutional population * .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

68,937
67,236
53,459
79.5
2,409
48,878

69,081
67,382
53,593
79.5
51,448
74.5
2,363
49,085

2,172
4. 1
13,777

2,145
4.0
13,789

75,873
75,764
37,921
50.1
35,691
47.0
597
35,094
2,230

75,998

51,287
74.4

69,182

67,486
53,938
79.9
51,825
74.9
2,337
49,488
2,113

3.9
13,548

69,288
67,600
54,033
79.9

69,385
67,726
54,333
80.2

51,838
74.8
2,403
49,435
2,195
4.1
13,567

52, 133

75.1
2,293
49,841
2,200
4.0

13,393

69,476

69,612

69,663

69,787

67,816
.54,485
80.3
52,331
75.3
2,324
50,007
2,154
4.0
13,331

67,93^
54,444

67,997
54,243
79.8

68,123
54,261

52,056
74.7

52,157
74.7
2,274
49,883
5,105

80.1

52,264
75.1
2,355

2,271

49,909

49,785

2, 180
4.0
13,495

2,187
4.0
13,754

76,589
76,476
38,642
50.5
36,440
47.6

76,645
76,532
38,345

3.9

69,889
68,227
54,395
79.7
52,299
74.8
2,3C6
49,993
2,096
3.9

13,862

13,832

76,782
76,670
38,560
50.3
36,323
47.3
543

76,896
76,784

77,014

77,127

76,897

38,596
50.3

39,010
50.7
36,861

77,006
39,292

79.7

69,995

70,099

68,319

68,417
54,527

54,567
79.9
52,319
74.7
2,323

49,996
2,249
4.1
13,752

79.7
52,227
74.5
2,385
49,843
2,300
4.2
13,890

70,205
68,522
54,65.3
79.8
52,382

74.6
2,395
49,987
2,271
4.2
13,869

Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population *
Civilian noninstitutional population ' . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

75,889

76,110
76,001

37,860

38,095

4S.9

50.1
35,887
47.2
571
35,316
2,208
5.8

35,726
47.0
587
35, 139
2,134

76,227
76,119
38,217
50.2

35,990
47.2
591
35,399
2,227
5.8

76,337
76,228
38,185
50.1

36,019
47.2
586
35,433
2,166
5.7
38,043

5.9
37,843

5.6
38,029

37,906

37,902

16,760
16,446

16,750
16,436

16,741
16,429

9,595

58.6

47.9
400
7,632

9,624
58.6
8,067
48.2
424
7,643

16,734
16,422
9,617

16,725
16,400

9,594
58.3

1,562
16.3
6,852

1,557
16.2
6,812

76,440
76,332
38,429
50.3
36,252
47.4
608
35,644
2, 177
5.7

37,903

613
35,827
2,201
5.7
37,834

50.1
36,165
47.2
580
35,584
2,180
5.7
38,187

35,780
2,237
5.8
38,110

36,373
47.3
592
35,78.1
2,223
5.8
38,188

51.0

36,968
47.9

77,245
77,124
39,331
51.0
37,178
48.1
640

47.9
584
36#276
2,150
5.5
37,687

5.9

2,153
5.5

37,714

37,793

16,677

16,665

16,655

16,387
9,481
57.9
8,031
48.2
355

16,377
9,230

16,367

341

365

7,676

7,364
1,525

7,588
1,561

16.5
7, 147

16.4
6,853

596
36,371
2,324

36,538

Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population '
Gvilian noninstitutional population ' . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population.
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Up)6 fnploy1110111 rst6
• •• •
Not in labor force

1
T h e population and A r m e d
variations.




8,032

58.4
8,039
48.0

367
7,672
1,556

8,027
48.0

393
7,634

16.2

1,590
16.5

6,834

6,805

Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal

16,709
16,404

58.9
8, 148
48.7
354

16,717
16,391
9,613
58.6
8,064
48.2
380

7,794

7,684

7,763

1,517
15.7
6,735

1,549
16.1

1,490
15.5

6,778

6,776

9,665

9,628
58.7
8,138
48.7
375

16,700
16,397
9,523
58.1

16,692
16,389

7,953
47.6
335

7,839
47.0

7,618
1,570
16.5
6,874

7,471
1,587
16.8

9,426
57.5
368

6,963

16,684
16,381
9,537
58.2
8,082
48.4

362
7,720
1,455
15.3

1,450
15.3

6,844

6,906

56.4
7,705
46.2

9,514
58.1
7,953
47.7

NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A 33 through A-42will not necessarily
add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

61

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-34. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1978

1979

Full- and part-timt employmant

Sept.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Peb.

Mar.

Apr.

Bay

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

FULL TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

85,899 86,185 86,391 86,631 87,025 87,373 87,567 87,430 87,300 87,637 87,700 87,596 88,153
81,247 81,680 81,900 82,034 82,525 82,789 83,067 82,774 82,792 83,180 83,077 82,822 83,422
4,652 4,505 4,491 4,597 4,500 4,584 4,499 4,655 4,508 4,456 4,624 4,774 4,731
5. 1
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.4
5.2

PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

14,952 14,996 15,150 15,205 15,196 15,213 15,097 14,701 14,954 14,865 15,384 15,585 15,252
13,635 13,642 13,800 13,802 13,810 13,907 13,706 13,410 13,517 13,586 14,128 14,221 13,993
1,437
1,256
1,364 1,259
1,278
1,385
1,306
1,391 1,291
1,317
1,350 1,403
1,354
8.8
8.2
9.6
8.6
8.3
9.2
9.1
8.6
8.8
8.8
8.9
9.2
9.0

NOTE: Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time
employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.

A-35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1978

sept.

Oct.

1979
Nov.

Dec.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

WHITE
Total. 16 years and over.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

88,862 89,067 89,468 89,747 90,093 90,395 90,415 89,923 90,018 90,279 JO,554 90,662 91,081
84,250 84,565 85,013 85,125 85,543 85,941 85,938 85,479 85,515 85,871 86,093 85,829 86,395
4,612 4,502 4,455 4,622 4,550 4,453 4,478 4,444 4,503 4,409 4,460 4,832 4,687
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.2
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.3
47,684 47,791 48,103 48,202 48,466 48,639 48,527 48,411 48,401 48,535 48,617 48,573 48,675
45,968 46,098 46,477 46,492 46,737 47,006 46,877 46,755 46,792 46,883 U6,855 46,736 46,859
1,716 1,693 1,626 1,710 1,72 9 1,633 1,650 1,657 1,609 1,652 1,762 1,837 1,816
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3

32,602 32,677 32,809 32,981 32,978 33,225 33,302 33,080 33,275 33,239 33,564 33,878 33,894
30,912 31,074 31,161 31,287 31,340 31,567 31,638 3 1 , 4 6 0 31,572 31,589 31,982 32,108 32,268
1,690 1,603 1,648 1,694 1,638 1,658 1,664 1,619 1,703 1,650 1,5e2 1,769 1#626
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.2
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.1
8,576
7,370
1,206
14.1

8,599
7,393
1,206
14.0

8,556
7,375

8,564
7,346

8,649
7,466

1,181
13.8

1,218
14.2

1,183
13.7

8,531
7,368
1,163
13.6

8,586
7,422

8,432
7,264

1,164
13.6

13.9

1,168

8,342
7, 151
1,191
14.3

8,505 8,373
7,398 7,257
1,116
1,107
13.3
13. C

8,211

6,985
1,226
14.9

8,512
7,267
1,245
14.6

BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

62




12,084 12,122 12,163 12,153 12,077 12,228 12,251 12,175 12,176 12,272 12,364 12,340 12,408
10,721 10,749 10,746 10,758 10,725 10,775 10,878 10,734 10,767 10,883 11,025 10,987 11,095
1,363 1,373 1,417 1,395 1,352 1,452 1,374 1,442 1,409 1,389 1,338 1,353 1,313
11.7
11.5
11.3
11.3
10.8
11.6
11.0
11.3
11.2
11.9
11.2
10.6
11.8
5,759
5,286
473
8.2

5,808
5,327
481
8.3

5,829
5,345
484
8.3

5,867
5,376

5,287
528
10.0

5,277
4,743
534
10.1

5,266
4,723
543

1,038

1,037

676
362
34.9

679
358
34.5

1,068
678

4,759

10.3

390
36.5

491
8.4

5,356
455
7.8

5,841
5,339
502
8.6

5,224
4,691
533
10.2

5,223
4,667
556
10.6

5,279
4,722
557
10.6

1,062
691
371
34.9

1,044
703
341
32.7

1,107
714
393
35.5

5,810

5,946
5,453
493
8.3

5,942
5,450
492
8.3

5,987

491
8.4

5,902
5,435
467
7.9

5,276
4,708
568
10.8

5,290
4,764
526
9.9

5,359
4,782
577
10.8

5,392
4,863

5,417
4,857
560
10.3

5,400
4,883
517
9.6

1,086
711
375
34.5

1,059

1,011

668

667
344
34.0

1,026
709
317
30.9

980
679

1,021

5,874
5,357
517

5,813
5,315

5,316

4,793
523
9.8
1,061
727
334
31.5

498
8.6

5,826
5,335

391

36.9

528
9.8

301
30.7

5,513
475
7.9

699
322
31.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
(Unemployment rates]

1978
Sept. Oct.

1979
Dec.

Nov.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Hay

July

June

Aug.

Sept.

CHARACTERISTICS

5.9
4. 1
5.9
16.3

5.8
4.0
5.6
16.2

5.8
3.9
5.8
16.2

5.9
4.1
5.8
16.5

5.8
4.0
5.7
15.7

5.7
4.0
5.7
16.1

5.7
4.0
5.7
15.5

5.8
4*0
5*7
16.5

5.8
3.9
5.8
16.8

5.6
3.9
5.8
15.3

5.7
4.1
5.5
15.3

6.0
4.2
5.9
16.5

5.8
4.2
5.5
16.4

5.2
11.3

5.1
11.3

5.0
11.7

5.2
11.5

5.1
11.2

4.9
11.9

5.0
11.2

4.9

5.0
11.6

4.9
11.3

4.9
10.8

5.3
11.0

5. 1
10.6

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families

2.6
5.5
8.0

2.6
5.3
7.5

2.4
5.5
7.7

2.5
5.6
7.7

2.6
5.3
7.8

2.6
5.1
8.3

2.6
5.1
8.3

2*7
5.2
8.4

2.5
5.2
8.9

2.6
5.2
9.1

2.9
4.8
8.1

3.0
5.4
7.9

2.8
4.7
7.6

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

5. a
8.8
1.3
6.4

5.2
9.0
1.3
6.2

5.2
8.9
1.2
6.2

5.3
9.2
1.2
6.2

5.2
9.1
1.2
6.2

5.2
8.6
1.2
6.2

5. 1
9.2
1.3
6.1

5.3
8.8
1.2
6.5

5.2
9.6
1.2
6.3

5. 1
8.6
1. 1
6.3

5.3
8.2
1.0
6.4

5.4
8.8
1.2

5.4
8.3
1.1
6.2

3.5
2.6
2.2
4.3
4.7
6.8
4.7
8.1
5.2
10.5
7.4
3.9

3.3
2.8
1.8
4. 1
4.2
6.8
4.9
7.6
4.8
11.0
7.1
4.6

3.2
2.4
2.2
3.1
4.5
6.4
4.0
7.5
4.2
11.6
7.4
3.2

3.5
3.0
1.9
3.6
4.6
6.8
4.7
7.7
5.3
11.0
7.7
3.4

3.3
2.5
2.0
3.8
4.6
6.4
4.5
7.6
4.9
9.4
7.9
2.8

3.4
2.3
1.9
4.3
4.7
6.4
4.7
7.6
5.0
9.3
7.1
3.6

3.4
2.1
2.2
4.1
4.9
6.6
4.6
7.7
5.2
10.3
7.2
3.2

3.3
2.2
2.3
4.0
4.5
6.9
4.2
8.6
6.0
10.5
7.4
3.4

3.2
2.0
2.2
4.0
4.6
6.7
4.0
8.3
5.4
11.1
7.2
3*5

3.4
2.5
2.0
4.5
4.6
6.5
4.2
7.7
5.5
10.3
7.2
3.1

3.2
2.5
1.9
3.5
4.4
6.8
4.2
8.3
5.2
10.9
7.2
4.5

3.6
2.6
2.3
4.2
5.0
7.6
4.9
9.3
6.8
11.5
7.0
3.8

3.3
2,5
2.2
3.9
4.5
7.1
4.1
9.2
6.2
10.8
6.7
4.2

5.8
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.1
3.6
6.7
5.1
3.9
8.7

5.6
11.2
5.1
4.6
6.0
3.4
6.7
4.6
3.9
9.5

5.6
10.8
5.1
4.6
5.8
3.3
6.5
5.0
3.9
7.9

5.8
12.1
5.0
4.4
6.0
3.3
6.8
5.1
4.0
7.7

5.7
10.6
5.0
4.4
5.9
3.5
6.5
5.1
4.0
7.2

5.6
11.5
4.8
4.1
5.8
3.0
6.6
4.8
3.7
8.9

5.5
10.2
5.2
4.3
6.4
4.0
6.2
4.7
4.1
7.7

5.7
10.3
5.4
4.6
6.5
2.9
6.6
4.8
3.6
8.6

5.7
9.6
5.4
4.4
7.0
3.5
6.4
5.0
3.5'
9.3

5.6
9.6
5.3
4.8
6.2
3.0
6.8
4.7
3.6
7.7

5.7
9.5
5.8
5.5
6.2
3.9
6.2
4.9
3.5
10.4

6.1
9.5
6.2
5.7
6.9
3.8
6.6
5.4
3.8
9.9

5.8
8.8
6.1
5.3
7.3
4.1
6.4
4.7
3.3
10.3

Total (all civilian workers)
Males. 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes. 16-19years
White
Black and other

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers3
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.
2

as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3

Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons

A-37.

Includes mining, not shown separately.

Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers In thousands]

1978

1979

WGWCS of ii n# inploy twnt

Sept.

Oct.

Sov.

2,783
1,861
1,268
663
605

2,719
1,789
1,317
732
585

2,833
1,774
1,196
685
511

11.5
5.9

11.8
5.9

100.0
47.1
31.5
21.4
11.2
10.2

100.0
46.7
30.7
22.6
12.6
10.0

Dec

Jan.

Feb.

flar.

Apr.

2,876
1,979
1,208
726
482

2,713
1,877
1,251
728
523

2,743
1,870
1,260
712
548

2,751
1,857
1,305
729
576

2,939
1,874
1,235
692
543

11.0
5.4

10.7
5.6

11.2
5.9

11.3
6.3

11.7
5.8

100.0
48.8
30.6
20.6
11.8
8.8

100.0
47.4
32.6
19.9
12.0
7.9

100.0
46.4
32.1
21.4
12.5
9.0

100.0
46.7
31.8
21.4
12.1
9.3

100.0
46.5
31.4
22.1
12.3
9.7

Hay

June

July

Aug.

Sept

2,787
1,935
1,213
705
508

2,927
1,782
1,086
616
470

2,784
1,970
1,052
600
451

3,226
1,743
1,1*1
662
529

2,743
2,050
1,133
627
507

11.0
5.2

11.1
5.2

10.4
5.6

10.0
6.1

10.5
4.9

10.6
5.9

100.0
48.6
31.0
20.4
11.4
9.0

100.0
47.0
32.6
20.4
11.9
8.6

100. C
50.5
30.8
18.7
10.6
8.1

100.0
48.0
33.9
18.1
10.3
7.8

100.0
52.4
28.3
19.3
10.7
8.6

100.0
46.3
34.6
19.1
10.6
8.5

DURATION
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemptoyed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
16 weeks and over
16 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over




63

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A - 3 8 . Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

1978

1979

Sex and age

Sept. Oct.
Total, 16 yean and over.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Mate. 16 years and over..
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Nov. Dec

v

Hay

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.8

5.8

16.3
19.2
14.0
9.3
4.0
4.1
3.3

16.2
19.2
14.0
8.6
3.9
4.2
3.0

16.2
19.3
14.0
9.0
3.8
4.0
2.9

16.5
20.2
13.8
9.3
3.9
4.2
2.9

15.7
18.4
13.6
8.6
3.9
4.2
2.9

16.1
18.4
14.6
8.6
3.9
4.1
3.0

15.5
18.9
13. 1
8.8
3.9
4.1
3.1

16.5
19.1
14.3
8.5
4.0
4.2

16.8
19.2
15.2
8.9
3.8
4.0
3.2

5. 1

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.1

4.9

15.5
19.1
12.6
8.6
3.3
3.4
3.0

16. 1
19.9
13.2
8.5
3.3
3.4

15.9
20.1
12.7
8.5
3.1
3.2
2.5

16.7
20.7
13.6
8.9
3.2
3.4
2.6

16.1
19.1
13.5
8.4
3.2
3.3
2.8

16.5
19.2
14.7
8.2
3.2
3.2
2.8

16.0
19.9
13.2
8.4
3.2
3.3
2.8

16.2
18.0
14.2
7.8
3.3
3.4
3.0

16.1
19.0
14.1
8.0
3.1
3.1
2.9

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.9

7.0

16.5
18.3
15,5
9.6
4.9
5.2
3.5

16.3
19.6
14. 1
9.7
5.0
5.3
3.3

15.3
17.5
13.6
8.9
5.0
5.4
3.1

15.7
17.4
14.4
9.1
4.9
5.3
3.3

14.8
17.8
13.0
9.4
4.8
5.2
3.6

16.8
20.2
14.4
9.4
4.9
5.2
3.1

17.7
19.3
16.4
9.9
5.0
5.2
3.7

17.1
19.4
15.6
10. 1
4.9
5.2
3.8

25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Apr.

5.8

6.8

25 years and over

Bar.

5.8

2.8
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Feb.

5.9

7.1

Females, 1ft years and over.

Jan.

16.3
18.4
14.8
8.7
4.9
5.2
3.3

3.1

July

June

Aug.

Sept.

5.7

6.0

5.8

15.3 15.3
16.7 17.1
1 4 . 1 14.4
8.9 9.0
3.8 3.9
4.0 4.0
2.9 3.2

16.5
18.1
15.5
9.3
4.1
4.3
3.2

16.4
16.8
16.0
9.2
3.8
4.1
2.9

4.7

5.0

5.2

5.2

14. 1
15.8
13.5
8.0
3. 1
3. 1
3.1

14.9
15.2
14.9
8.8
3.3
3.3
3.4

16.0
17.3
15.3
8.9
3.5
3.6
3.2

16.2
16.6
15.6
8.8
3.4
3.5
2.9

6.9

6.6

7.0

6.6

16.6 15.8
17.7 19.2
14.8 13.8
9.9 9.3
4.8 4.7
5.3 5.0
2.7 2.9

17.1
18.9
15.8
9.9
5.0
5.4
3.3

16.7
17.0
16.5
9.7
4.6
4.9
3.0

Sept.

5.6

A-39. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
INumbers in thousands]

1978

1979

Reason for unemployment

Sept.

Oct.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar

Apr.

Hay

June

July

Aug.

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,362
683
1,679
849
1,930
816

2,456
644
1,812
812
1,721
825

2,372
746
1,626
825
1,754
872

2,442
715
1,727
871
1,937
826

2,454
753
1,701
927
1,692
823

2,481
792
1,689
829
1,756
874

2,440
789
1,652
863
1,788
822

2,521
846
1,675
847
1,790
811

2,361
710
1,652
951
1,762
841

2,358
796
1,562
867
1,738
787

2,532
793
1,739
838
1,737
694

2,724
960
1,765
894
1,798
720

2,608
836
1,771
818
1,785
803

100.0
39.7
11.5
28.2
14.3
32.4
13.7

100.0
42.2
11.1
31.2
14.0
29.6
14.2

100.0
40.7
12.8
27.9
14.2
30.1
15.0

100.0
40.2
11.8
28.4
14.3
31.9
13.6

100.0
41.6
12.8
28.9
15.7
28.7
14.0

100.0
41.8
13.3
28.4
14.0
29.6
14.7

100.0
41.3
13.3
27.9
14.6
30.2
13.9

100.0
42.2
14.2
28.1
14.2
30.0
13.6

100.0
39.9
12.0
27.9
16.1
29.8
14.2

100.0
41.0
13.8
27.2
15.1
30.2
13.7

100. C
43.7
13.7
30.0
14.4
29.9
12.0

100.0
44.4
15.6
28.8
14.6
29.3
11.7

100.0
43.4
13.9
29.5
13.6
29.7
13.4

2.3
.8
1.9
.8

2.4

2.3

2.4
.9
1.7
.8

2.4
.8
1.7

2.5
.8
1.8

2.3
.9
1.7

2.3
.8
1.7

2.6
.9
1.7
.7

2.5

1.7
.9

2.4
.9
1.9
•8

2.4

1.7
.8

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
OthaT job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers
Job leavers

64




1.7
.9

2.5
.8
1.7
.7

1.7
.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-40.

Employed persons by sex and age,

[In thousands]

1978

1979

Sex and age

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

War.

Apr.

Total, 16 years and
over

95,010

95,241

95,751

95,855

96,300

96,647

96,842

96,174

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
2Q to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

8,032
2,293
4,749
13,666
73,332
59,191
14,124

8,067
3,308
4,773
13,773
73,530
59,329
14,137

8,039
3,276
4,783
13,701
73,976
59,630
14,340

8,027
3,300
4,730
13,760
74,070
59,781
14,327

8,148
3,354
4,835
13,859
74,299
59,903
14,394

8,064.
3,372
4,731
13,992
74,641
60,193
14,452

8, 138
3, 323
4,803
13,959
74,703
60,329
14,382

7,953
3,280
4,711
13,975
74,284
60,C69
14,220

Males, 16 years and
over

55,594

55,754

56,096

56,072

56,449

56,549

56,559

56,267

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,307
1,775
2,549
7,378
43,950
35,237
8,711

4,306
1,751
2,558
7,432
44,026
35,261
8,760

4,271
1,734
2,559
7,478
44,340
35,481
8,867

4,234
1,744
2,494
7,443
44,411
35,560
8,872

4,316
1,795
2,541
7,541
44,589
35,709
8,896

4,218
1,779
2,455
7,585
44,772
35,845
8,901

4,295
1,788
2,519
7,516
44,711
35,880
8,841

1,
2,
7,
44,
35,
8,

211
783
458
641
442
716
713

39,416

39,4 67

39,655

39,783

39,851

40,098

40,283

3,725
1,518
2,200
6,288
29,382
23,954
5,413

3,761
1,557
2,215
6,341
29,504
24,068
5,377

3,768
1,542
2,224
6,223
29,636
24,149
5,473

3,793
1,556
2,236
6,317
29,659
24,221
5,455

3,832
1,559
2,294
6,318
29,710
24,194
5,498

3,846
1,593
2,276
6,407
29,869
24,348
5,551

3,843
1,535
2,284
6,444
29,993
24,449
5,541

Females, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Hay

June

July

96,318

96,754

97,210 96,900

97,513

7,839
3,177
4,661
13,803
74,666
60,298
14,295

8,082
3,269
4,738
13,829
74,832
60,502
14,297

8,031
7,705
3,233
3,037
4,732
4,620
13,922 13,814
75,298 75,242
61,039 61,012
14,229 14,349

7,953
3,325
4,638
13,993
75,622
61,212
14,374

56,352

56,638

56,595 56,316

56,653

4,195
1,739
2,436
7,474
44,684
35,863
8,789

4,339
1,765
2,518
7,543
44,725
35,927
8,755

4,276
4,088
1,735
1,622
2,491
2,441
7,498 7,468
44,791 44,712
36,030 35,909
8,751
8,804

4,271
1,841
2,448
7,606
44,857
36,001
8,844

39,907

39,966

40,116

40,615

40,585

40,860

3,742
1,497
2,253
6,334
29,841
24,353
5,507

2,643
1,438
2,225
6,329
29,982
24,435
5,506

3,743
1,504
2,220
6,286
30,107
24,576
5,542

3,617
3,755
1,498
1,415
2,241
2,179
6,423
6,346
30,507 30,530
25,009 25,103
5,476
5,544

3,682
1,484
2,190
6,387
30,765
25,212
5,531

Aug.

Sept.

A-41. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands]

1978
Sex and age

Total, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . .
Males, 16 years and
over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years .
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over. . .
Females, 16 years and
over . . . . •
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . .




Sept.

Oct.

1979
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Har.

Apr.

Hay

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

5,964

5,836

5,877

6,012

5,883

5,881

5,871

5,937

5,929

5,774

5,848

6, 149

5,985

1,562
78 3

1,557

1,556

1,590

1,517

1,549

1,490

1,570

1,587

1,455

1,450

1,525

1,561

773

786
775

781
778

634
759

755
758

758
807

775
724

772
788

753
835

655
779

666
794

670
849

671
885

1,399
3,025
2,553

1,298
3,015
2,569

1,361
2,951
2,514

1,406
3,015
2,615

1,310
3,049
2,607

1,316
2,998
2,566

1,355
3,008
2,574

1,305
3,063
2,602

1,348
2,978
2,509

1,344
2,963
2,546

1,379
3,050
2,540

1,422
3,220
2,754

1,420
3,025
2,600

478

438

426

424

435

449

462

448

471

432

472

480

432

2,565

2,971

2,923

3,044

3,026

2,989

3,001

3,001

2,910

2,808

2,997

3,081

3,096

793
418
367
696

626
436
390
693

810
371
699

849
455
391
730

826
424
397
693

835
423
424
674

821
443
383
687

814
392
408
647

805
408
399
653

712
331
394
655

1,495
1,228

748
311
435
723

781
340
441
727

1,505
1,237

1,413
1,188

1,469
1,249

825
366
452
732

1,493
1,231

1,459
1,202

1,481
1,235

1,538
1,254

1,4C6
1,156

1,436
1,164

1,538
1,231

1,607
1,326

1,557
1,298

265

253

230

235

258

257

253

270

259

277

310

291

263

2,999

2,865

2,954

2,96 8

2,857

2,891

2,870

2,936

3,019

2,966

2,852

3,068

2,889

365
406
703

731
350
385
605

746
345
407
662

741
379
368
676

691
331
361
618

714
335
383
642

669
332
341
668

756
380
380
658

782
345
436
695

1,530
1,325

702
355
359
656

1,510
1,332

1,538
1,326

1,539
1,364

736
305
433
688

1,546
1,366

1,555
1,376

743
324
385
688

744
330
408
695

1,527
1,340

1,526
1,349

1,572
1,352

1,527
1,382

1,512
1,309

1,613
1,427

1,467
1,302

213

185

198

189

177

192

206

179

211

155

163

189

169

76 9

436'

65

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-42. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
I In thousands]

1978

Sept.

Oct.

1979
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Bar.

Apr.

Hay

Jane

July

Aug.

Sept.

CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Married man, spouse presant
Married woman, spouae present

95,010 95,241 95,751 95,855 96,300 96,647 96,842 96,174 96,318 96,754 97,210 96,900 97,513
38,782 38,806 38,944 39,039 39,202 39,374 39,291 38,917 38,988 39,055 39,163 39,146 39,175
22,133 22,194 22,274 22,297 22,410 22,632 22,700 22,355 22,490 22,580 22,890 22,777 22,965

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

47,550 47,713 47,888 48,040 48,275 49,001 49,133 49,160 49,104 49,165 49,573 49,615 49,779
14,182 14,307 14,297 14,629 14,743 15,034 15,083 15,226 15,220 15,053 15,063 14,983 15,078
10,062
5,898
17,408
31,891
12,628
10,981

9,968
5,986
17,452
31,966
12,556
11,178

10,030
6,192
17,369
32,202
12,646
11,177

10,217
6,092
17,102
31,962
12,610
10,887

10,322
6,055
17,154
32,491
12,842
11,047

10,414
6,141
17,412
32,331
12,932
10,953

10,407
6,067
17,577
32,085
12,808
11,060

10,409
6,079
17,446
31,582
12,697
10,651

10,374
6,091
17,418
31,826
12,790
10,664

10,565
6,065
17,481
31,958
13,003
10,759

10,675
6,161
17,673
31,949
12,832
10,853

10,772
6,085
17,774
31,767
12,755
10,880

10,640
6,114
17,947
32,287
13,057
10,987

3,573 3,581 3,640 3,640 3,678 3,618 3,565 3,550 3,667 3,596 3,610 3,571 3,622
4,709 4,671 4,739 4,825 4,924 4,82S 4,652 4,684 4,706 4,600 4,652 4,561 4,621
12,754 12,951 13,009 13,007 12,777 12,770 12,856 12,909 12,754 12,946 12,697 12,591 12,796
2,855 2,821 2,739 2,826 2,759 2,742 2,803 2,624 2,600 2,683 2,657 2,703 2,736

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Serf-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagrteurtural industries:
Wagi and salary workers

Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,442
1,648
307

1,423
1,638
323

1,424
1,563

84,786
15,336
69,450
1,361
68,089
6,224
470

85,363
15,387
69,976
1,315
68,661
6,314
453

85,578
15,373
70,205
1,335
68,870

1,478
1,625
318

1,365
1,547
293

1,429
1,550
348

85,579
15,360
70,219
1,316
68,903
6,370 6,515
455
460

86,169
15,217
70,952
1,245
69,707
6,529
478

86,346
15,293
71,053
1,334
69,719

293

1,419
1,595
324

1,362
1,531
282

1,439
1,490
270

86,592
15,224
71,368
1,255
70,112
6,632 6,585
456
443

86,195
15,356
70,839
1,160
69,679
6,468
471

86,129
15,635
70,494
1,177
69,317

1,445
1,525
293

1,403
1,552
294

86,309
15,257
71,051
1,236
69,816
6,625 6,600
466
482

86,277
15,382
7C,895
1,217
69,678

1,363
1,632
310

1,391
1,678
327

86,227
15,260
70,967
1,205
69,761
6,753 6,649
529
443

86,891
15,450
71,441
1,332
70,109
6,682
453

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagrteuttural industries
Full-time schedules
Part-time for economic reasons
Usually work full-time
Usually work part-time
Part-time for noneconomic

86,329 86,511 86,653 87,046 87,490 87,592 87,955 86,345 87,727 87,843 89,074 89,154 88,824
71,085 71,318 71,394 71,787 72,209 72,250 72,623 71,554 72,476 72,230 73,138 73,222 73,252
3,203 3,164 3,131 3,058 3,159 3,147 3,179 3,312 3,307 3,416 3,340 3,355 3,111
1,283 1,167 1,279 1,209 1,208 1,205
1,235 1,265 1,246
1,416 1,394 1,478
1,255
1,920 1,997 1,852 1,849 1,951 1,942 1,944 2,048 ' 2,061 2,000 1,946 1,877 1,856
12,041 12,029 12,128 12,201 12,122 12,195 12,154 11,479 11,943 12,198 12,597 12,577 12,461

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

66




HOUSEHOLD DATA
A-43.

Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age

(Numbers in thousands)
Not seffonalry adjusted
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Unemployed

Civilian
noninrtitutional
population

Total

Ptroent
of
labor
forea

Employed

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

8,374

8,559

7,879

8,139

7,577

7,880

722

512

623

452

566

411

302
57

6,917
2,256
3,462
1,199
735

7,173
1,886
3,635
1,652
874

6,635
2,134
3,344
1,157
621

6,924
1,798
3,534
1,592
763

6,412
2,010
3,280
1,122
599

6,739
1,737
3,455
1,547
730

13,873
6,227
4,001
3,645

14,760
6,777
4,229
3,754

13,264
5,938
3,838
3,488

14,089
6,458
4,020
3,611

12,870
5,725
3,725
3,420

13,599
6,202
3,892
3,505

Sept.
1978

Sept.
1979

259
41

3.8
9.1

3.2
9.1

223
124
64
35

185
61
79
45

3.4
5.8
1.9
3.0

22

33

3.5

2.7
3.4
2.2
2.8
4.3

394
213
113
68

490
256
128
106

3.0
3.6
2.9
1.9

3.5
4.0
3.2
2.9

VETERANS 1
Total 20 years and over
20 to 24 years

25 to 29 years.
30 to 34 years
40 years and over . . .
NONVETERANS 3
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years . . .
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years

1

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1984 and May 1975.
Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited
to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era
veteran population.
3




NOTE: Seasonally-adjusted data are no longer being provided because the changing age composition
of the Vietnam-era veterans' population distorts the ability to identify seasonality in the series.

67

HOUSEHOLD OATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted
[Numfn •

1976

1977

1978

1979

Employment status

III
TOTAL

II

III

IV

II

III

IV

II

'

Total noninstitutional population'
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricurtural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

156,368 156,990 157,582 158,223 158,898 159,531 160,126 160,715
2,144
2,147
2,136
2,130
2,135
2, 132
2,122
2, 110
154,224 154,843 155,446 156,094 156,764 157,399 158,004 158,605
95,205 95,583 96,248 97,106 97,607 98,538 99,263 100,127
61.7
61.7
61.9
62.2
62.3
62.6
62.8
63.1
87,860 88,191 89,070 90,157 90,898 92,046 93,084 94,099
56.2
56.2
56.5
57.0
57.2
57.7
58.1
58.5
3,309
3,253
3,170
3,300
3,202
3,302
3,326
3,314
84,552 84,937 85,900 86,857 87,697 88,744 89,758 90,785
7,345
7,392
7, 178
6,949
6,708
6,492
6,179
6,028
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.2
6.9
6.6
6.2
6.0

161,355 162,037 162,663 163,260 163,894
2,120
2,115
2,C93
2,079
2,088
159,235 159,922 160,57C 161,181 161,806
10C,753 101,524 102,475 102,295 103,202
63.3
63.5
63.8
63.5
6 3.8
94,726 95,616 96,596 96,415 97,208
58.7
59.0
59.4
59.1
59.3
3,378
3,345
3,295
3,210
3,328
91,348 92,270 93,301 93,205 93,880
6,027
5,908
5,P78
5,880
5,994
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8

Males, 20 years and over

66,711
65,014
51,888
79.8
48,786
73.1
2,295
46,490
3,103
6.0

67,023
65,338
52,129
79.8
49,156
73.3
2,259
46,897
2,973
5.7

67,321
65,635
52,293
79.7
49,538
73.6
2,329
47,210
2,755
5.3

67,641
65,949
52,448
79.5
49,843
73.7
2,304
47,539
2,605
5.0

67,951
66,261
52,891
79.8
50,397
74.2
2,335
48,062
2,494
4.7

68,238
66,556
53,188
79.9
50,777
74.4
2,340
48,437
2,411
4.5

68,520
66,844
53,369
79.8
51,151
74.7
2,346
48,805
2,21fl
4.2

68,831
67,134
53,419
79.6
51,239
74.4
2,387
48,851
2,180
4.1

69,ie4
67,489
53,8 55
79.8
51,704
74.7
2,368
49,336
2, 151
4.0

7.6

73,468
73,378
34,735
47.3
32,153
43.8
2,582
7.4

73,746
73,653
35,045
47.6
32,521
44.1
2,525
7.2

74,079
73,984
35,559
48. 1
33,060
44.6
2,499
7.0

74,429
74,331
35,842
48.2
33,373
44.8
2,469
6.9

74,770
74,671
36,277
48.6
33,835
45.3
2,442
6.7

75,094
74,994
36,715
49.0
34,525
46.0
2,190
6.0

75,413
75,310
37,228
49.4
34,953
46.3
2,276
6.1

75,756
75,649
37,679
49.8
35,388
46.7
2,291
6.1

76, 112 76,455
76,003 76,345
38,057 38,419
50.1
50.3
35,868 36,237
47.1
47.4
2,190
2,182
5.8
5.7

76,782
76,670
38,500
50.2
36,287
47.3
2,213
5.7

77,129
77,009
39,211
50.9
37,002
48.0
2,209
5.6

Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

16,815
16,454
9,024
54.8
7,329
43.6
1,694
18.8

16,812
16,451
8,960
54.5
7,252
43.1
1,7C7
19.1

16,813
16,454
9,073
55.1
7,393
44.0
1,680
18.5

16,823
16,475
9,255
56.2
7,559
44.9
1,696
18.3

16,828
16,484
9,316
56.5
7,682
45.7
1,634
17.5

16,810
16,468
9,371
56.9
7,814
46.$
1,556
16.6

16,794
16,454
9,360
56.9
7,782
46.3
1,578
16.9

16,782
16,452
9,529
57.9
7,995
47.6
1,534
16.1

16,768
16,452
9,655
5e.7
8,100
48.3
1,555
16.1

16,742
16,429
9,612
58.5
8,044
48.0
1,568
16.3

16,692
16,3e9
9,495
57.9
7,958
47.7
1,537
16.2

16,666
16,377
9,408
57.4
7,896
47.4
1,512
16.1

Total noninstitutional population'
Civilian noninstitutional population1..
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

37,602
35,823
84,294
62. 1
78,342
56.9
5,952
7.1

38 # 105
36,326
84,582
62.0
78,640
56.9
5,942
7.0

38,574
36,812
85,149
62.2
79,417
57.3
5,732

39,084 139,620 140,107 140,568 141,028 141,526 142,034 142,521 142,977 143,462
37,333 137,87Q 138,364 138,839 139,323 139,822 140,336 140,657 141,330 141,821
85,923 86,222 87,014 87,484 88,232 88,673 89,427 90,3C1 90,073 90,766
62.6
62.9
62.5
63.0
63.3
63.4
63.7
64. 1
63.7
64.0
80,426 81,033 82,037 82,760 83,658 84,056 84,901 85,807 85,621 86,106
57.8
58.0
58.6
58.9
59.3
59.4
59.8
60.2
59.9
60.0
5,497
5,189
4,977
4,723
4,574
4,618
4,526
4,494
4,452
4,660
6.4
5.7
6.0
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.9
5.1

IB,766
18,401
10,918
59.3
9,496
50.6
1,421
13.0

18,885
18,517
11,046
59.6
9,580
50.7
1,466
13.3

19,008
18,634
11,099
59.6
9,663
50.8
1,437
12.9

19,139
18,761
11,186
59.6
9,745
50.9
1,441
12.9

Total noninstitutional population'
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population...
Agriculture
Nonagricurtural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

66,385
64,690
51,672
79.9
48,633
73,3
2,363
46,271
3,038

5.9

69,491
67,827
54,421
8C.2
52,243
75.2
2,324
49,919
2,178
4.0

69,786 70,100
68, 123 66,419
54,300 54,583
79.7
79.8
52,171 52,309
74.8
74.6
2,284
2,367
49,887 49,942
2,129
2,273
3.9
4.2

Females, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ...
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population .
Employed
Percent of total population . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

73,165
73,080
34,510
47.2
31,898
43.6
2,612

Both sexes, 16-19 years

6.7

16,717
16,398
9,635
58.8
8, 116
48.6
1,519
15.8

Black and other
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population 1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of civilian population
Employed
Percent of total population..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations.

68




19,279
18,894
11,334
60.0
9,807
50.9
1,527
13.5

19,424
19,035
11,564
60.8
10,035
51.7
1,529
13.2

19,557
19,164
11,783
61.5
10,322
52.8
1,461
12.4

19,687
19,282
11,894
61.7
10,455
53.1
1,439
12.1

19,829
19,413
12,029
62.0
10,623
53.6
1,406
11.7

20,003
19,585
12,146
62.0
10,751
53.7
1,395
11.5

20,142
19,713
12, 185
61.8
10,793
53.6
1,393
11.4

20,282
19,851
12,208
61.5
10,795
53.2
1,413
11.6

NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A-44 through A-63 will not
necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.

20,432
19,985
12,370
61.9
11,036
54.0
1,335
10.8

HOUSEHtt*
SEASONALLY
QUARTERLY A
A-45. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age. seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1977

1976
Full- and part-ti
status. MX, and apt

III

1978
Ill

II

1979
IV

II

III

FULL TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16—19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

81,003 81,595 82,007 82,723 83,205 83,761 84,501 85,255 85,941 86,402 87,321 87,455 87,816
75,092 75,615 76,341 77,227 77,842 78,644 79,646 80,592 81,213 81,871 82,794 82,915 83,107
5,911
5,979
5,666 5,496
5,363
5,117
4,854
4,662
4,728
4,531
4,527 4,540 4,709
7.3
7.3
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.1
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.4
52,025 52,218 52,110 52,156 52,193 52,434 52,615 52,691 52,742 5 3 , 1 2 7 53,711 53,656 53,905
46,300 46,411 46,705 47,089 47,337 47,843 48,231 48,609 48,733 49,170 49,729 49,724 49,718
2,863
2,904
2,702 2,534
2,428
2,296
2,192
2,041
2,005
1,979
1,991
1,966
2,094
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.1
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
4.0
29,094 29,479 29,654 30,030 30,348 30,465 30,811 31,131 31,668 31,816 32,076 32,341 32,702
24,928 25,296 25,621 25,991 26,310 26,575 27,232 27,520 27,972 28,462 28,675 28,827 29,170
2,083
2,092
2,017 2,019
2,019
1,945
1,790
1,805
1,677
1,846
1,757
1,7C0
1,766
7.7
7.3
7.6
7.2
7.1
6.8
6.2
6.2
5.6
6.2
5.7
5.6
5.7
5,795
3,864
965
20.0

5,877
3,909
984
20.1

5,909
4,015
947
19. 1

6,033
4,147
943
18.5

6,027
4,195
916
17.9

5,979
4,226
877
17.2

5,929
4,183
873
17.3

6,095
4,463
816
15.5

6,258
4,509
875
16.2

5,990
4,240
875
17.1

6,062
4,389
837
16.0

5,999
4,365
817
15.8

5,918
4,219
850
16.8

PART TIME
Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

14,263 14,013 14,257 14,362 14,406 14,770 14,766 14,831 14,807 15,117 15,169 14,840 15,407
12,801 12,594 12,753 12,909 13,045 13,398 13,435 13,468 13,501 13,748 13,806 13,505 14,114
1,462
1,420
1,504
1,453
1,361
1,372
1,332
1,363
1,306
1,369
1,361
1,335
1,293
10-3
10.1
10.5
10.1
9.4
9.3
9.0
9.2
8.8
9.1
9.0
9.0
8.4

Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,556
2,339
217
8.5

2,598
2,380
218
8.4

2,683
2,450
233
8.7

2,667
2,437
230
8.6

2,717
2,517
200
7.3

2,762
2,551
210
7.6

2,738
2,543
195
7. 1

2,719
2,535
184
6.8

2,699
2,512
188
7.0

2,719
2,536
183
6.7

2,675
2,509
166
6.2

2,613
2,444
169
6.5

2,781
2,588
193
6.9

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,490
6,970
520
6.9

7,335
6,862
473
6.5

7,457
6,929
529
7. 1

7,527
7,045
482
6.4

7,486
7,040
447
6.0

7,748
7,272
476
6.1

7,733
7,311
422
5.5

7,883
7,409
474
6.0

7,831
7,391
440
5-6

7,918
7,434
485
6. 1

8,092
7,588
504
6.2

7,917
7,457
460
5.8

8,267
7,827
440
5.3

Both sexes, 16—19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .

4,216
3,491
725
17.2

4,080
3,352
728
17.8

4,117
3,375
742
18.0

4,168
3,427
742
17.8

4,203
3,489
714
17.0

4,261
3,574
686
16.1

4,295
3,580
714
16.6

4,229
3,524
704
16.7

4,276
3,598
678
15.9

4,480
3,779
701
15.7

4,401
3,710
691
15.7

4,309
3,604
706
16.4

4,358
3,699
660
15.1

1
Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.




69

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-46. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands]

1976
III

1977
IV

II

1978

III

IV

II

1979
III

IV

II

III

WHITE
Total. 16 years and owr:
Civilian labor f o r a
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

84,294 84,582 85,149 85,923 86,222 87,014 87,484 88,232 88,673 89,427 90,301 90,073 90,766
78,342 78,640 79,417 80,426 81,033 82,037 82,760 83,658 84,056 84,901 85,807 85,621 86,106
5,952 5,942 5,732 5,497 5,189 4,977 4,723 4,574 4,618 4,526 4,494 4,452 4,660
7.1
7.0
6.4
6.7
5.7
6.0
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.1

Males, 20 years and over:
Gvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

46,341 46,474 46,603 46,821 46,980 47,332 47,495 47,685 47,700 48,032 48,544 48,449 48,622
43,802 43,947 44,210 44,595 44,934 45,378 45,619 45,965 45,985 46,356 46,813 46,810 46,817
2,538 2,527 2,392 2,226 2,045 1,955 1,876 1,720 1,715 1,676 1,671 1,639 1,805
5.4
4.8
4.1
5.1
3.6
3.9
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.7
5.5
4.4

Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

29,852 30,058 30,358 30,774 30,948 31,311 31,644 32,075 32,403 32,822 33,168 33,198 33,779
27,789 28,016 28,369 28,838 29,046 29,462 29,986 30,357 30,684 31,174 31,515 31,541 32,120
2,063 2,042 1,988 1,936 1,902 1,849 1,658 1,717 1,720 1,648 1,653 1,657 1 ,659
6.8
6.9
6.5
6.3
5.4
6.1
5.9
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.0
4.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,102
6,751
1,351
16.7

8,050

8,188

8,328

6,677

6,837

6,992

1,373
17.1

1,351
16.5

1,336
16.0

8,295
7,053

1,242
15.0

8,370
7,197
1,173
14.0

8,345
7,156
1,189
14.2

8,472
7,335
1,137
13.4

8,570
7,387
1,183
13.8

8,573
7,371
1,202
14.0

8,589
7,419
1,170
13.6

8,426
7,271
1,155
13.7

8,365

7,170
1,196
14.3

BLACK AND OTHER
Total, 16 years and over:
Gvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,918 11,046 11,099 11,186 11,334 11,564 11,783 11,894 12,029 12,146 12,185 12,208 12,370
9,496 9,580 9,663 9,745 9,807 10,035 10,322 10,455 10,623 1C,751 10,793 10,795 11,036
1,421 1,466 1,437 1,441 1,527 1,529 1,461 1,439 1,406 1,395 1,393 1,413 1,335
13.0
13.3
12.9
12.9
13.5
13.2
12.4
11.4
11.6
12.1
11.7
11.5
10.8

Males, 20 years and over:
Gvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4,823

Females, 20 years and over:
Gvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4,629
4,096
533

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.
Gvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

70




5,434 5,487
4,843 4,940
591
547
10.9
10.0

5,488
4,963
525
9.6

4,712
4,159
553
11.7

4,781
4,214

11.5

4,153
535
11.4

920
577
342
37.2

924
585
339
36.7

900
56 3
337
37.4

917
568

5,369
546

10.2

4,688

567

11.9

349
38.0

5,573
5,021
552

5,700
5,205
494
8.7

5,718
8.4

485
8.3

4,859 4,979 5,085
4,308 4,392 4,535
5 87
550
551
11.8
10.8
11.3

5,149
4,589

5,242
4,687
555
10.6

4,719
537
10.2

1,012
621
391
38.6

1,030

1,045

633
397
38.6

661
385
36.8

1,070
700
370
34.6

1,056
683
373
35.3

5,476

4,891
585

10.7

999

608
391
39. 1

9.9

5,669

5,154
514
9.1

560

10.9

5,236
482

5,835
5,349

5,842 5,847
5,351 5,362
491
486
8.4
8.3

5,959
5,472
487
8.2

5,256

5,273
4,727
545
10.3

4,751
557
10.5

5,403
4,868

1,071
715

1,052

1,009

682
370
35.2

696
313
31.1

356
33.3

5,309

535
9.9

HOUSEHOLD OATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
[Uotmptoyment rates]

1977

1976

III

IV

II

1979

1978

III

IV

II

CHARACTERISTICS

7.7
5.9
7.6

Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 yaan and over
FtnttteSf 2u ytsrs soo ovw
Both sexes, 16-19 years

18.8

7. 1

White
Black and other
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over'
Labor force time lost 2

7.7
6.0
7.4
19.1

7.0

13.0

13.3

4.3
7.3
10.3

10.0

4.2
7.1

2.4
8.2

7.3
10. 1
2.4
8.3

U.7
3.1
3.4
5.5
6.6
9.6
7.0

4.5
3.2
3.0
5.3
6.1
9.4
6.8

7.3
10.3

7.5
5.7
7.2
18.5

6.7
12.9

4.0
6.8
9.6

7.2
5.3
7.0

6.9
5.0
6.9
17.5

18.3

6.4
12.9

6.0
13.5

6.6
4.7
6.7
16.6
5.7
13.2

6.2
4.5
6.0
16.9

5.4
12.4

6.0
4.2
6.1
16.1

6.0
4. 1
6.1
16.1

5.2

5.2

12.1

11.7

5.8
4.0
5.8
16.3

5.1
11.5

5.7
4.0
5.7
15.8

5.0
11.4

5.7
3.9
5.7
16.2

4.9
11.6

5.8
4.2
5.6
16.1

5.1
10.8

3.6
6.7
9.3

3.4
6.4
9.7

3.3
6.2
8.8

3.0
5.4
8.2

2.8
5.6
9.4

2.7
5.6
8.6

2.5
5.5
7.7

2.6
5.2
8.1

2.6
5. 2
8.8

2.9
5.0
7.9

6.1
9.3
1.8
7.2

5.7
9.0
1.6
6.7

5.5
9.2
1.4

5.5
8.8
1.3
6.6

5.2
9.1
1.2
6.2

5.2
9.0
1.2
6.2

5.2
9.0
1.2
6.4

5.4
8.4
1.1
6.4

4.1
2.8
2.7
4.8
5.6
7.5
5.2
9.0
5.7

3.6
2.6

3.6
2.5
2.0
4.4
5.2
6.7
4.4
8.2
5.3
9.7
7.5
3.3

3.6
2.6
2.1
4.2
4.9
6.8
4.4
8.4
5.5

3.3
2.7
2.0
3.6
4.5
6.7
4.6
7.6
4.8
11.2
7.4
3.fi

3.4
2.3
2.0
4.1
4.7
6.5
4.6
7.6
5.0
9-7
7.4
3.2

3.3
2.2
2.2
4.2
4.6
6.7
4.1
8.2
5.6

3.4
2.6
2.1
3.8
4.6
7.2
4.4
8.9
6.1

6.9

6.6

10.5
2.2
8.0

10. 1
2.0

7.6

6.4
9.4
1.9
7.4

4.6
3.2
3.0
5.6
6.4
8.6
6.2
9.8
7.4
12.9
8.4
5.1

4.3
3.1
2.9
5.4
5.8
8.1
5.5
9.5
6.5

4.1
3.0
2.5
5.2
5.7
7.9
5.4
9.6
6.6

6.5

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

10.8

7.8
14.2

8.6
4.3

10.6

7.9
13.4

9.0
5.2

12.3

8.5
4.7

11.5

8.0
4.4

11.3

7.8
4.2

2.2
4.2
4.9
7.2
5.1
8.3
5.3
11.4

7.5
4.2

10-3

7.3
3.8

10.7

11.1

7.3
3.3

7.0
4.2

5.6
9.9
5.4
4.6
6.6
3.1
6.6

5.9
9.3
6.0
5.5
6.8
3.9
6.4
5.0
3.5

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 3 . .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

8.0
16.4

7.8
7.3
8.5
5.0
8.8
6.5
4.3
11.5

7.9
14.8

7.8
7.5
8.3
5.2
8.6
6.6
4.3
12.7

1

Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.

2

Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part-time for economic reasons




7*5
14.5

7.1
6.8
7.7
4.9
8.5
6.3
4.3
12.6

7.1
12.8

6.6
6.0
7.5
4.5
8. 1
6.2
4. 1
11.8

6.8
11.3

6.7
6.2
7.6
4.7
7.9
5.7
4.1
10.2

6.6
11.3

6.2
5.7
6.8
4.6
7.5
5.7
4.2
9.7

6.2
11.2

5.7
5.2
6.5
3.8
7.2
5.2
3.8
9.5

5.9
9.6
5.5
4.9
6.5
3.9
6.8
5.0
4.0
8.1

5.9
9.9
5.5
5.1
6.1
3.8
6.7
5.2
3.9
9.0

5.7
11.4

5. 1
4.5
5.9
3.3
6.7
4.9
3.9
8.4

5.6

ice
5.0
4.3
6.1
3.5
6.5
4.9
3.9
7.9

4. e
3.6
8.5

10.2

as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3

Includes mining, not shown separately.

71

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-48. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]

1976
III

1977
IV

II

1978

III

II

1979
III

IV

II

III

DURATION
Both sexes, 16 years and over:
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean duration, in weeks . .
Median duration, in weeks

2,727
1,897
1,563
840
723

2,794
1,869

2,848
1,876

1,385
735

650

1,272
652
620

6.9

12.7
6.6

12.2
5.7

11.6
6.0

100.0
42.7
30.7
26.6
13.3
13.4

100.0
44.1
30.7
25.3
13.6
11.7

100.0
46.2
30.9
22.9
12.2
10.7

100.0
47.5
31.3
21.2
10.9
10.3

2,856
2,246
2,299
1,060
1,239

2,837
2,292
2,294
1,032
1,262

2,887
2,171
2,126
942
1,185

2,951
2,058
1,896
844
1,052

2,796

15.5
7.8

15.2
8.0

14.8
7.4

14.6

13.9
7.1

13.6

6.9

100.0
38.6
30.3
31.1
14.3
16.7

100.0
38.2
30.9
30.9
13.9
17.0

100.0
40.2
30.2
29.6
13. 1
16.5

100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
12.2
15.2

100.0
41.6
31.2
27.2
13.4
13.8

2,101
1,831
901

2,773
1,991
1,730

862
869

929

2,736
1,868

2,884

714
526

1,272
723
549

1,178
671
507

11.2

11.4

5.6

6.0

10.8
5.3

10.4
5.6

100.0
46.6
31.8
21.6
12.3
9.3

100.0
48.7
31.5
19.9
11.3
8.6

100.0
48.9
32.2
18.9
10.6
8.3

2,809
1,847
1,24C

1,664

2,917
1,921
1,125

630
496

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

100.C
47.6
31.3
21.0
12.1
8.9

A-49. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1976

1977

1978

1979

Sex and age

III
Total, 16 years and o v e r . . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over. .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

72




II

III

IV

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.2

6.9

6.6

6.2

6.0

6.0

18.8
21.0
17.3
11.7

18.5
20.8

16.6

19.8
16.0
10.8
4.8
5.0

18.7
15.1
10.3
4.6
4.8

16.9
19.8
14.8
10.2
4.1
4.3

16.1
18.6
14.1

16.1
19.3
13.8

11.5
5.2
5.5
4.4

18.3
20.5
16.7
11.0
5.0
5.2
4.1

17.5

9.5

9.4

5.8
4.8

19. 1
21.4
17.4
12.3
5.5
5.7
4.3

4.1
4.3
3.2

4.1
4.3
3.2

7.0

7.1

6.8

6.4

6.0

5.1
15.1
18.2
12.8

5.6

18.7

16.9

17.7
20.1

3-9

4.0

3.3

5.7

5.6

15.9
17.8
14.5

16.4
19.7
13.9
10.2
3.5

5.8

5.7

16.3
19.5

2.9

15.8
18.5
13.7
8.7
3.9
4.1
3.0

5.1

5.1

16.2
20.2

8.6
3.3
3.4
3.3

15.2
18.5
12.7
8.8
3.3
3.4
3.1
7.3

6.9

6.7

6.9

6.7

17.1
20.3
15.0
10.1
5.2

16.4

15.3
17.6
13.7
9.1
4.9
5.3
3.4

17.0

16.5
18.4
15.4

19.3
21.8
17.4
12.4

18.2
20.3
16.7
11.4

4.9
5. 1
4. 1

4.6
4.7
4.3

10.8
4.3
4.4
3.7

17.2
19.9
15.2
10.8
4.0
4.1
3.7

8.8

8.6

8.5

8.3

8.1

7.9

7.2

7.3

18.9

18.7
20.9

18.9
21.5
17.2
11.7

19.0
21.0
17.4
11.2
6.1

17.9
19.6

17.4
19.7
15.8

17.4
19.8
15.9

17.2
19.1

10.9

10.3
5.0
5.4
3.5

20.9
17.0
11.8
5.0
5.1
4.5

21.2
17.5
11.6

6.7
7.0
5.3

17.3
12. 1
6.4
6.8
4.7

6.2
6.6
4.6

16.0

6.5
4.6

16.9
10.9

6.0
6.3
4.4

9.8
3.9
3.9
3.7

5.8

6. 1
4.4

3.6
3.2

III

15.6
10.6
5.1

5.6
3.1

5.6
3.3

13.9
9.0
3.9
4.1

13.1
8.7
3.2
3.3

2.6

18.7
14.8

9.3
4.9
5.3
3.4

5.7

5.8

16.2
18.3

16.1
17.3
15.3
9.2

14.5
8.8

3.9

3.9

4.1
3. 1

4.1
3.1

5.0

4.9

5.1

16.2
19.4
13.8

15.5
17.6
13.9

e.3

7.9
3.2
3.2
3.0

15.7
16.4
15.3
8.8
3.4
3.4
3.2

3.2
3.3
2.8

19.1
15.2

9.7
4.9
5.3
3.2

9.6
4.8
5.1
3.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands]

1976

1977

1978

1979

Reason for ummploynMnt

IV

II

III

IV

II

III

IV

II

III

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Both sexes, 16 years and over:

Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,636
1,084
2,552
954
1,931
872

3,607
1,012
2,595
880
1,953
935

3,341
917
2,424
908
1,976
953

3,085
840
2,245
912
1,976
981

3,048
855
2,192
864
1,869
948

2,846
763
2,083
877
1,884
871

2,621
717
1,903
872
1,831
902

2,516
658
1,858
853
1,776
871

2,452
693
1,759
848
1,848
854

2,423
702
1,722
836
1,804
841

2,458
778
1,681
873
1,745
840

2,413
784
1,629
888
1,763
813

100.0
49.2
14.7
34.5
12.9
26.1
11.8

100.0
48.9
13.7
35.2
11.9
26.5
12.7

100.0
46.5
12.8
33.8
12.7
27.5
13.3

100.0
44.4
12*1
32.3
13.1
28.4
14.1

100.0
45.3
12.7
32.6
12.8
27.8
14. 1

100.0 100.0
43.9
42. 1
11.8
11.5
32.2
30.6
13.5
14.0
29. 1 29.4
13.4
14.5

100.0
41.8
10.9
30.9
14.2
29.5
14.5

100.0
40.9
11.5
29.3
14. 1
30.8
14.2

100.0
41.0
11.9
29.2
14.2
30.6
14.2

100.0
41.6
13.1
28.4
14.8
29.5
14.2

100.0 100.0
43.8
41. 1
14.4
13.3
29.4
27.7
14.2
15. 1
29.6
30.0
12.4
13.8

3.8
1.0
2.0
.9

3.8
.9
2.0
1.0

3.5
.9
2. 1
1.0

3.2
.9
2.0
1.0

3. 1
.9
1.9
1.0

2.4

2.4

1.8
.8

1.8
.8

2.4
.9
1.7
.8

2,621
863
1,758
850
1,773
739

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2.9
.9
1.9
.9

2.6
.9
1.8
.9

2.5
.9
1.8
.9

2.4
.9
1.7

2.5
1.7

.7

A-51. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1976

1977

1978

1979

Sex and age

III

Total, 16 years
and over

IV

II

IV

IV

II

III

87,860

88,191

89,070

90,157

90,898

92,046

93,084

94,099

94,726

95,616

96,596

96,415

97,208

7,329
2,968
4,360
12,360
68, 150
54,645
13,527

7,252
2,894
4,367
12,426
68,533
54,941
13,588

7,393
2,980
4,428
12,652

7,682
3,110
4,551
12,934
70,257
56,590
13,691

7,814
3,207
4,614
13,079
71,177
57,226
13,944

7,782
3,173
4,622
13,204
72,098
58,098
13,998

7,995
3,290
4,699
13,450
72,644
58,473
14,151

e,ico

69,030
55,474
13,563

7,559
3,038
4,513
12,746
69,842
56,113
13,711

3,317
4,766
13,592
73,0C5
58,910
14,129

8,044
3,295
4,762
13,745
73,859
59,560
14,268

8,116
3,350
4,790
13,937
74,548
60,142
14,409

7,958
3,242
4,703
13,869
74,594
60,290
14,271

7,896
3,198
4,663
13,910
75,387
61,088
14,317

52,569

52,692

53,136

53,659

53,978

54,666

54,992

55,441

55,568

55,974

56,519

56,419

56,521

3,936
1,630
2,313
6,77 3
41,856
33,423
8,436

3,906
1,592
2,314
6,853
41,944
33,518
8,439

3,980
1,623
2,366
6,962
42,191
33,749
8,446

4,121
1,688
2,422
6,949
42,583
34,047
8,525

4, 135
1,711
2,417
7,059
42,779
34,252
8,529

4,269
1,794
2,475
7,149
43,255
34,601
8,663

4,215
1,756
2,472
7,166
43,606
34,948
8,660

4,290
1,782
2,498
7,342
43,802
35,062
8,726

4,330
1,784
2,544
7,353
43,884
35,169
8,717

4,270
1,743
2,537
7,451
44,259
35,434
8,833

4,276
1,787
2,505
7,547
44,691
35,811
8,879

4,248
1,762
2,471
7,553
44,617
35,836
8,752

4,212
1,733
2,460
7,524
44,786
35,980
8,800

Females. 16 years
and over

35,291

35,499

35,934

36,496

36,920

37,380

38,092

38,658

39,158

39,642

40,077

39,996

40,687

16 to 19 year*
16to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 yean
56 years and over...

3,393
1,338
2,046
5,587
26,294
21,222
5,091

3,346
1,302
2,053
5,573
26,590
21,423
5,149

3,413
1,357
2,062
5,690
26,839
21,725
5,117

3,438
1,351
2,092
5,797
27,259
22,066
5,186

3,547
1,398
2, 133
5,875
27,478
22,338
5,162

3,546
1,413
2,139
5,930
27,922
22,624
5,281

3,566
1,417
2,150
6,038
28,492
23, 150
5,338

3,706
1,507
2,201
6,108
28,843
23,411
5,425

3,770
1,533
2,223
6,238
29,121
23,741
5,412

3,774
1,552
2,225
6,294
29,600
24,146
5,435

3,840
1,562
2,285
6,389
29,857
24,330
5,530

3,709
1,480
2,233
6,316
29,977
24,454
5,518

3,685
1,466
2,203
6,386
30,601
25,108
5,518

16to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over..
Males, 16 years

16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over




73

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-52. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands 1

1976

1977

1978

1979

Selected categories

III

IV

II

III

IV

II

III

III

CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present

87,860 88,191 89,070 90,157 90,898 92,046 93,084 94,099 94,726 95,616 96,596 96,415 97,208
38,144 38,009 38,241 38,444 38,361 38,539 38,596 38,597 38,650 38,930 39,289 38,987 39,161
20,419 20,488 20,731 20,908 20,969 21,286 21,648 21,719 21,902 22,255 22,581 22,475 22,877

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except t r a n s p o r t . . . . . .
Transport equipment
operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
,
Farm workers

43,824 44#293 44,500 44,770 45,318 46,146 46,609 46,968 47,384 47,880 48,8C3 49,143 49,655
13,433 13,482 13,480 13,561 13,769 13,950 14,063 14,267 14,226 14,411 14,953 15, 166 15,042

9,340
5,505
15,547
28,978
11,307
10,062

9,465
5,648
15,698
29,172
11,370
10,114

9,516
5,696
15,809
29,801
11,665
10,327

9,520
5,699
15,990
30,154
11,867
10,336

9,697
5,734
16,117
30,273
11,918
10,337

9,906
5,781
16,509
30,609
12,069
10,429

10,100
5,891
16,555
31,027
12,158
10,693

10,101
5,894
16,687
31,494
12,313
10,866

10,151
5,927
17,079
31,560
12,468
10,866

10,072
6,090
17,308
32,050
12,604
11,081

10,381
6,C88
17,381
32,303
12,861
11,020

10,449
6,C79
17,449
31,789
12,830
10,691

10,696
6,120
17,798
32,001
12,881
10,907

3,283 3,304 3,428 3,485 3,481 3,511 3,536 3,516 3,496 3,620 3,620 3,604 3,601
4,327 4,384 4,380 4,466 4,538 4,600 4,639 4,800 4,729 4,745 4,802 4,663 4,612
12,144 11,993 12,095 12,423 12,474 12,571 12,690 12,880 12,808 12,989 12,801 12,869 12,695
2,832 2,780 2,698 2,822 2,710 2,788 2,814 2,769 2,815 2,795 2,768 2,636 2,699

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,317
1,651
343

1,325
1,597
345

1,288
1,535
347

1,324
1,598
372

1,316
1,561
316

78,397 78,755 79,545 80,401 81,036
15,098 14,946 14,979 15,040 15,208
63,298 63,810 64,566 65,361 65,828
1,387
1,391
1,357
1,353 1,394
61,912 62,419 63,209 64,008 64,433
5,675 5,753
5,860 5,982 6,051
444
467
483
509

1,393
1,582
342

1,386
1,585
347

1,428
1,599
291

1,417
1,633
322

1,442
1,609
311

1,404
1,564
321

1,415
1,515
282

1,386

82,204 83,036 84,031 84,453
15,381 15,247 15,272 15,265
66,823 67,789 68,759 69,188
1,395
1,372 1,392 1,367
65,428 66,417 67,367 67,821
6,128
6,296 6,311 6,220
469
475
487
468

85,507
15,373
70,133
1,322
68,811
6,400
456

86,369
15,245
71,124
1,278
69,846
6,582
459

86,211
15,416
70,795
1,191
69,€04
6,564
473

86.465
15,364
71,101
1,251
69,849
6,695
475

1,621
310

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagrtcultural industries
Full time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic
reasons

1

79,266 79,9C1 80,717 81,418 82,579 83,243 84,034
64,936 65,446 66,144 66,889 67,741 68,257 69,189
3,244 3,411 3,350 3,273 3,328 3,230 3,144
1,271
1,325
1,261
1,259 1,273 1,235
1, 169
2, 139
1,919
2,090 2,014 2,055 1,996
1,975
11,087 1 1 , 0 4 4

11,222 11,256 11,510 11,755 11,701 11,975 11,915 12,119 12,157 11,873 12,545

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons

as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

74




85,736 86,260 86,737 87,679 87,305 89,017
70,431 71,073 71,500 72,361 72,087 73,204
3,330 3 # 272 3,118 3,162 3,345 3,266
1,284 1,327 1,218 1,216 1,309 1,376
2,046 1,946 1,899 1,945 2,036 1,893

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race,
seasonally adjusted
(»n thousands]

1976

1977

1978

1979

Characteristic

III

IV

II

III

IV

II

III

TOTAL
Both sexes, 1 6 years and over:
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Current activity :
Going t o school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance...
Ill health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get j o b .
Job-market factors
Personal factors...
Other reasons1

59,019 59,260 59,198 58,988 59,157 58,861
54,561 53,775 53,798 53,210

58,741

58,478 58,482 58,398 58,095 58,886 58,604

53,244 53,108 53,747 53,252 52,745 53,110 53,492 53,753 52,711

6,736 6,324
6,174
6,153
6,202 6,191
6,255
6,227
5,964
6,010
5,932
4,835
4,604
4,718
4,525
4,539
4,397 4,508
4,598
4,399
4,633
4,566
30,684 30,307 30,651 30,146 30,064 30,049 29,774 29,723 29,351 29,242 29,365
8,788
8,789
8,743
9,023
9,043 9,041
9,449
9,172
9,3S2 9,475
9,638
3,519
3,752
3,511 3,363
3,395 3,430
3,761
3,594
3,533
3,796 3,971
4,329
5,450
5,884
5,561
5,530
5,741
5,428
5,486
5,262
5,260
5,239
1,148
495
1,038
782
554
228
867

1,506
639
1,288
995
729
266
1,021

1,513
688

1,499
783
1,280
1,071
746
325
1,108

1,220
956
669
287
1,154

1,641
804
1,287
1,028
719
309
1, 124

1,523
751
1,217
970
630
340
1,100

1,404
697
1,214
914
635
279
1, 199

1,296
755
1,237
851
541
310
1,121

1,518
706
1,242
853
620
232
1, 167

1,359
736
1,210
76 C
485
275
1,173

1,338
755
1,212
724
483
241
1,232

5,974
4,573
29,308
9,950
3,949
5,164

5,970
4,455
28,628
9,964
3,695
5,668

1,357
713
1,225
826
517
309
1,043

1,651
775
1,286
739
540
199
1,217

Miles
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance...
Ill health, disability . .
Think cannot get j o b .
Other reasons1

16,336

16,438 16,499 16,503 16,680 16,461

15,193 14,763 14,826 14,666
1,300
1,666
1,675
1,770
589
203
264
244

720
274
343
329

757
303
291
324

111
332
313
348

14,782 14,677
1,826
1,701
794
327
350
354

751
326
309
315

16,491

16,591

14,902 14,905
1,749
1,637
703
323
344
378

638
336
305
359

16,787 16,706 16,456 16,956 17,002
15,026 14,990 15,045
1,665
1,733
1,691
763
318
291
361

702
335
275
354

659
373
294
364

15,409 15,147
1,530
1,879
674
276
264
316

866
345
294
374

Fem
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

42,683 42,823 42,699 42,485 42,476 42,400 42,250 41,887 41,695 41,692 41,639
41,930 41,602
39,368 39,012 38,972 38,544 38,461 38,431 38,844 38,347 37,719 38,120
38,447 38,344 37,564
3,029
3,784
3,855 3,971
4 # 0 5 9 3,860
3,679
3,6 23 3,753
3,574
3,571
3,634
3,789
559
292
1,038
518
623

785
365
1,288
652
693

756
384
1,220
665
830

51,529

1,744

51,663

1,410 51,648 51,350 51,355

51,091 51,149 50,909 50,556 51,257 51,055

48,112
3,421

7,512
4,147

17,363
4,283

7,156
4,334

46,918 47,382
4,316
4,267
4,168

47,275 46,870 46,84G 46,817 47,437 46,785
4,339 3,887 4,013
3,980
3,92S 4,363

941
364
816
587
713

1,097
437
1,023
742
847

1,176
520
1,000
683
905

1,078
643
976
743
894

1,136
576
950
720
933

7,483

7,471

7,535

7,575

6,512
934

6,184
1,274

6,250
1,297

6,122
1,371

221
129
244
211
128

4 03
192
280
258
141

347
181
268
280
221

407
159
283
302
219

495
223
341
319
199

722
451
1,280
758
760

847
477
1,287
677
770

771
425
1,217
661
785

1,125
537
971
712

701
374
1,214
570
820

658
420
1,237
546
762

755
388
1,242
561
806

402
1,210
485
819

923

1,033
499
980
647
1,010

943
550
961
584
943

1,272
526
956
591
994

1,007
507
894
531
947

7,560

7,471

7,381

7,388

7,384

6,046
1,577

6,215
1,255

6,102
1,309

6,108
1,267

6,098
1,244

394
195
2 39
253
174

383
210
270
273
174

341
221
257
253
195

327
173
289
277
178

679
381
1,212
430
866

683
437
1,225
562
727

785
430
1,286
445
843

981
536
978
513
1,CC5

943
525
943
585
933

1,300
537
975
546
1,005

7,439

7,528

7,643

7,615

6,123
1,321

6,275
1,287

6,413
1,206

6,264
1,367

348
210
309
232
222

370
232
275
210
199

403
194
258
220
131

396
225
327
206
213

Black and other
Total not in labor force
Do not want job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

1

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibiities."




75

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex
Age in years
Reasons for not seeking work

25-59

16-19

60 and over

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

57,394
52,276

57,562
52,363

5,717
4,594

5,907
4,706

4,030
3,321

3,962
3,238

22,777
20,046

22,222
19,499

24,868
24,474

25,471
24,922

3,280
4,519
29,602
9,516
5,359

3,233
4,579
28,875
10,112
5,564

1,933
47

2,034
29

880
95

755
137

666

550

1,783

1,686

458
2,110
15,047
203
2,228

411
2,158
14,476
216
2,238

10
2,427
12,105
9,313
619

35
2,254
12,164
9,895
574

1,948

2,093

563

660

5,116

5,198

2,730

2,724

553

549

1,199

710

513
48
102
200
146
57
336

168
49
205
139
110
29
149

726
155
51
246
110
92
18
164

146
437
1,068
398
296
103
681

152
479
1,068
325
231
95
700

159
41
162
63
99
191

5
166
30
145
77
68
203

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now

804
681
1,392
905
627
277
1,334

826
743
1,446
781
544
236
1,402

1,123
489
36
78
208
160
48
312

15,749

15,987

2,429

2,539

1,043

981

3,123

3,064

9,154

9,403

14,318

14,504

1,947

1,987

834

792

2,608

2,595

8,928

9,131

1,686
2,479
324
7,255
2,577

1,587
2,409
338
7,511
2,659

974
24
18

962
19
16

500
59

401
67

5

2

931

990

210
1,234
78
177
909

208
1,185
84
170
948

1,159
223
7,079
467

15
1,140
235
7,342
399

270

322

1,430

1,483

481

553

515

468

225

272

188
82
18
43
45

63
205
108
139

35
209
79
145

64
63
98

1
88
79
104

Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
Males
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now

388
312
319
411

404
336
312
431

245
21
107
108

286
20
110
137

209
81
22
41
65

41,644
37,957

41,575
37,859

3,288
2,647

3,367
2,722

2,987
2,486

2,981
2,445

19,655
17,442

19,158
16,900

15,714
15,388

16,069
15,792

1,593
2,043
29,279
2,261
2,781

1,646
2,170
28,538
2,600
2,905

957
25
647

1,071
13
534

379
35
1,779

354
71
1,684

1,018

1,104

293

336

247
876
14,973
27
1,319

200
974
14,390
46
1,290.

10
1,109
11,881
2,235
153

20
1,114
11,925
2,555
174

3,687

3,716

640

644

501

537

2,216

2,257

328

277

416
369
1,392
587
923

422
407
1,446
469
972

245
14
78
100
203

228
26
102
90
198

88
27
205
97
84

73
33
246
66
119

83
232
1,068
290
543

117
270
1,068
247
555

95
41
99
93

4
78
30
66
99

Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get job
Other reasons '
Females
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

1

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities."

NOTE: Detail in tables A-54, A-55, and A-57 may not add to not-in-labor-force totals
because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.

76



HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]

Age in years

Tot'*1

25-59

16-24

Reasons for not seeking work

III

III

III

1978

1979

1978

50,237

50,175

III

III

1979

1978

7,683

7,744

19,997

19,399

17,792

17,238

1979

III

III

1978

Females

Males

60 and over

III

1979

III

III

III

III

1978

1979

22,560 23,029

13,422

13,640

36,815 36,535

22,093

22,550

12,391

12,536

33,894

33,671

1,357
2,059

1,272
1,988

6,656
2,057
1,031

6,836
2,146
1,105

1,290
1,617
26,654
2,011
2,322
2,920

1,310
1,670
25,992
2,291
2,408
2,865

281
211

317
290

317
266

1,108

1,132

1978

1979

WHITE
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activityGoing to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities1
Think cannot get job
Other reasons

....

46,285

46,207

6,401

6,418

2,647
3,676
26,916
8,667
4,379
3,951

2,582
3,658
26,286
9,127
4,554
3,970

2,265

2,217

377

337

6

27

111

123

1,724
13,086

1,842
11,220
8,480

1,811
11,255
8,924

598
501

600
513

1,108

1,132

598

548

1,146

1,177

7,156
5,993

7,387
6,158

632
845

652
921

2,687

2,590

2,062

1,944

1,720
13,636

1,963
1,283

2,134
1,326

1,872
2,205

1,887
2,160

466

479

476
98
184
194
380

478
40
234
182
392

123
335
889
265
593

116
347
867
238
592

__
119
36
139
172

5
125
30
127
192

205
334

283
247
_216
359

2,064 2,122
1,513 1,528

2,783
2,253

2,823
2,262

2,309
2,220

2,443
2,373

2,327
1,929

2,347
1,969

4,829
4,064

5,040
4,189

572
47
289

81
387

73
434

8
442
910
972
41
68

329
418
62
599
521
398

315
421
44
676
513
533

303
427

337
500

2,625

2,546

41
__
16
11

107
101
_._
113
77

121
90
_.96
72

99
78
284
193
111

104
141
314
137
154

__

__

187

204

545

533

262

294

393
812

332
818

BLACK AND OTHER
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other

1,163

16
357
530

1,392

620
594

12
351
563

4
425
885
831
75
87

206
179
284
306
188

225
231
314
233
226

184
35
99
152
83

189
57
115
127
106

25
104
180
132
89

36
132
198
88
109

__
41
5
22
19

849
980

Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities1
Think cannot get job
Other reasons
1

1,412

1,010
1,229

546
31
388
__
548
553

....

985

250
459
765

309
497
850

Small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities" are included in "other reasons."

A-56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race , sex, and
detailed reason
[In thousands]

„ , ^
, n-,n
3rd Quarter 1979
Age in years

Detailed reason for not seeking work
16-19

Black and

60 and
over

20-24

25-59

62
6

100
69
28

13
21
5

37
40

193
158

143
50

31
4

40
23
11

5
11

other

TOTAL
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap

113
90
33

24
29
4

10

29
49
19

Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

336
208

124
22

47
45

129
102

45
34
11

15
16
2

153
69

72
6

68
56
22

184
139

Males
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training . . . .
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available

24
12

35
28

21
23

83
59

70
10

9
14
2

31
2

10

29
40
10

60
46
17

10
5

50
15

23
33

94
75

16
17

110
99

73
40

Females
Personal factors:
Employers think too young or old
Lacks education or training
Other personal handicap
Job-market factors:
Could not find job
Thinks no job available




77

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those
who worked during previous 12 months by age, race, and sex
[Numbers in thousands]

Agei i years
Total

Most recent w o r k experience and
reason f o r leaving j o b

Blac kand
ot her

White
16-24

25-59

60 and over

XII
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

57,394
8,406
28,944
10,743
9,301
100.0
43.1
8.1
8. 2
21.1
9.2
5.0
6.8
19.4

57,562
8,415
28,985
10,574
9,588
100.0
42.3
9.5
8.3
20.8
8.9
5.6
6.3
19.1

9,747
3,827
335
1,568
4,015
100.0
59.5
2.6

9,869
3,902
241
1,576
4,150
100.0
59.0
3.0

18.3
9.2
3.5
5.6
19.5

18.9
8.1
4.6
6.1
19.1

22,778
2,032
11,611
5,272
3,862
100.0
39.5
10.7
2.7
24.6
10.3
6.8
7.6
22.5

22,222
2,070
10,970
5,155
4,026
100.0
37.8
13.9
2.2
23.8
10.2
6.9
6.7
22.3

24,868
2,546
17,000
3,902
1,422
100.0
6.8
16.7
46.5
19.1
6.5
4.4
8.2
10.9

25,471
2,441
17,775
3,843
1,412
100.0
5.6
16.2
50.5
17.8
7.2
5.1
5.5
10.0

50,237
6,706
25,960
9,484
8,087
100.0
43.9
7.7
9.0
20.7
8.9
4.6
7.2
18.7

50,175
6,720
25,939
9,210
8,306
100.0
42.8
8.9
9.1
20.1
8.8
5.4
6.0
19.0

7,156
1,700
2,983
1,258
1,214
100.0
37.6
11.3
3.3
23.7
11.9
7.8
4.0
24.1

7,387
1,695
3,047
1,364
1,282
100.0
38.4
13.3
3.2
25.2
9.5
7.3
8.3
20.0

Males, not in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Left j o b during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason .
School home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement o l d age
. . .
Economic reasons
End o f seasonal j o b
Slack work
End o f temporary j o b
All other reasons

15,749
1,705
7,332
3,638
3,074
100.0
34.3
11.6
17.5
18.7
8.3
4 8
5.6
17.9

15,987
1,837
7,479
3,494
3,176
100.0
34.6
13.5
15.9
18.0
8.2
5.2
4.5
18.0

3,472
1,453
61
349
1,608
100.0
56.1
3.5

3,520
1,548
25
304
1,647
100.0
57.2
3.5

19.2
10.1
3.5
5.6
21.2

20.9
10.0
5.7
5.2
18.3

3,123
215
1,205
1,056
648
100.0
19.3
26.3
9.7
21.5
7.1
9.3
5.1
23.2

3,064
237
1,102
1,008
718
100.0
19.1
29.9
6.4
15.9
6.8
5.2
3.9
28.7

9,155
36
6,066
2,233
818
100.0
3.2
16.3
57.9
15.4
5.5
4.0
5.9
7.2

9,403
53
6,353
2,183
813
100.0
2.5
19.0
56.5
14.2
6.0
4.2
3.9
7.9

13,422
1,204
6,436
3,170
2,612
100.0
34.6
11.3
19.6
17.1
7.4
3.9
5.8
17.3

13,640
1,283
6,574
3,047
2,736
100.0
35.1
13.1
17.2
16.4
7.2
5.2
4.1
18.1

2,327
501
895
468
462
100.0
32.6
13.4
5.2
27.9
13.4
9.9
4.5
21.0

2,347
554
906
448
440
100.0
31.6
15.9
7.5
-27.7
15.0
5.7
7.0
17.3

Females, n o t in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Left j o b during previous 12 months . . . .
Percent distribution by reason
School home responsibilities
III health, disability
Retirement, old age
Economic reasons
End o f seasonal j o b
Slack work
End of temporary j o b
All other reasons

41,644
6,701
21 612
7,105
6,27
100.0
47.5
6.4
3.7
22.2
9.7
5.1
7.4
20.2

41,575
6,578
21 505
7,079
6,412
100.0
46.0
7.5
4.6
22.2
9.2
5.8
7.2
19.7

6,275
2,374
274
1,220
2,407
100.0
61.8
2.1

6,347
2,355
215
1,272
2,504
100.0
60.2
2.6

17.8
8.6
3.6
5.6
18.4

17.6
6.9
3.9
6.8
19.7

19,655
1,817
10,405
4,215
3,216
100.0
43.5
7.6
1.3
25.2
10.9
6.3
8.1
22.4

19,158
1,835
9,868
4,146
3,309
100.0
41.9
10.4
1.2
25.5
10.9
7.2
7.4
21.0

15,714 16,069
2,508 2,388
10,933 11,422
1,668
1,660
599
604
100.0
100.0
9.8
11.6
12.4
17.4
42.4
31.0
22.7
24.0
8.8
8.0
6.2
5.0
7.7
11.1
12.7
15.9

36,815
5,502
19,524
6,314
5,475
100.0
48.4
5.9
3.9
22.4
9.6
4.9
7.9
19.4

36,535
5,437
19,365
6,163
5,570
100.0
46.7
6.8
5.2
21.9
9.5
5.5
6.9
19.4

4,829
1,199
2,083
790
752
100.0
40.7
10.0
2.1
21.2
10.9
6.5
3.7
26.0

5,040
1,141
2,141
916
842
100.0
41.9
11.9
1.0
23.9
6.7
8.2
9.0
21.4

Total, n o t in labor force
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 t o 5 years ago
Left j o b during previous 12 months
Percent distribution by reason
School, home responsibilities
Ill health, disability
. . .
Retirement old age
Economic reasons
End o f seasonal j o b
Slack work
End o f temporary j o b .
All other reasons

.

A-58. Work-seeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend
toseeK work within next 12 months by age, race, and sex
[In thousands]
Age in years

Total

White
16-24

Work-seeking intentions and work history

Black and
other

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

49,183
8,209
1,250
1,185
1,734
4,041

49,054
8,507
1,236
1,204
1,826
4,240

5,770
3,977
1,078
36
507
2,358

5,753
4,116
1,075
17
589
2,438

19,106
3,671
155
1,012
1,038
1,468

18,435
3,786
136
1,017
1,039
1,593

24,307
561
18
137
190
216

24,867
605
23
170
203
208

43,535
6,701
898
1,020
1,374
3,409

43,435
6,739
833
961
1,405
3,540

5,648
1,508
352
165
360
631

5,619
1,768
403
243
421
699

13,217
2,532
469
143
468
1,452

13,314
2,673
503
164
456
1,550

1,809
1,662
435
15
173
1,039

1,815
1,705
478
2
142
1,085

2,493
629
34
92
197
307

2,379
684
24
99
219
342

8,914
241
36
97
106

9,120
282
1
63
94
124

11,441
1,981
333
110
365
1,172

11,541
2,098
325
118
364
1,291

1,776
551
135
33
103
280

1,772
575
178
45
92
259

35,966
5,677
782
1,041
1,266
2,589

35,741
5,834
733
1,041
1,371
2,689

3,959
2,315
641
21
334
1,317

3,939
2,408
598
15
443
1,353

16,613
3,042
121
919
839
1,163

16,056
3,103
112
918
820
1,252

15,394
321
18
100
92
110

15,746
322
22
108
109
84

32,094
4,720
565
910
1,009
2,237

31,894
4,641
508
843
1,041
2,249

3,872
957
217
132
257
351

3,847
1,193
225
198
329
440

Total
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Males
Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months . .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months
Females

Do not intend to seek work
Intend to seek work in the next 12 months .
Never worked
Last worked over 5 years ago
Last worked 1 to 5 years ago
Worked during previous 12 months

78



HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-59.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

[Numbers in thousands]
Hispanic origin2
Employment status

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

159,235

161,806

139,822

141,821

16,678

17,060

7,829

8,037

101,841
64.0
95,786
3,801
91,986
6,055
5.9
57,394

104,244
64.4
98,231
3,733
94,498
6,013
5.8
57,562

89,585
64.1
84,997
3,447
81,550
4,588
5.1
50,237

91,647
64.6
87,028
3,394
83,634
4,61?
5.0
50,175

10,431
62.5
9,125
270
8,855
1,306
12.5
6,247

10,660
62.5
9,366
274
9,092
1,294
12.1
6,401

4,978
63.6
4,523
255
4,267
456
9.2
2,851

5,135
63.9
4,716
239
4,477
419
8.2
2,902

67,134

68,419

59,621

60,670

6,411

6,579

3,218

3,306

53,814
80.2
51,825
2,545
49,280
1,989
3.7
13,320

54,972
80.3
52,899
2,524
50,375
2,073
3.8
13,448

48,067
80.6
46,528
2,294
44,234
1,539
11,554

48,982
80.7
47,363
2,279
45,084
1,619
3.3
11,688

4,851
75.7
4,460
197
4,261
392
8.1
1,561

5,05C
76.8
4,631
199
4,432
420
8.3
1,527

2,736
85.0
2,579
187
2,392
157
5.7
482

2,615
85.1
2,660
174
2,487
155
5.5
491

Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force

,

Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

75,649

77,009

66,277

67,317

8,049

8,266

3,547

3,653

37,292
49.3
34,886
695
34,191
2,406
6.5
38,357

38,801
50.4
36,479
713
35,766
2,323
6.0
38,208

.32,049
48.4
30,236
643
29,593
1,813
5.7
34,228

33,400
49.6
31,650
662
30,988
1,751
5.2
33,917

4,492
55.8
3,962
33
3,930
530
11.8
3,556

4,58C
55.4
4,057
39
4,019
522
11.4
3,687

1,650
46.5
1,468.
35
1,433
181
11.0
1,898

1,721
47.1
1,576
36
1,539
145
8.4
1,932

16,452

16,377

13,924

13,834

2,218

2,215

1,063

1,078

10,735
65.3
9,075
560
8,515
1,660
15.5
5,717

10,471
63.9
8,854
496
8,358
1,617
15.4
5,907

9,469
68.0
8,233
510
7,723
1,236
13.1
4,456

1,088
49.1
703
40
664
384
35.3
1,131

1,C2S

593
55.8
476
34
442
117
19.8
471

599
55.6
480
29
451
119
19.9
479

Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

9,264
67.0
8,015
453
7,56 3
1,249
13.5
4,57C

46,5
678
36
641
352
34.2
1,186

1
Data rttate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, they comprised about
89 percent of the 'tolack and other" population group.
2
Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means
that they are alto included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.




79

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-60 Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin
by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Total Hispanic origin 1

Employment status

III
1978

Mexican origin

Puerto Rican origin

Cuban origin

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

7,829

8,037

4,602

4,801

1,090

1,093

618

600

4,978
63.6
4,523
255
4,267
456
9.2
2,851

5,135
63.9
4,716
239
4,477
419
8.2
2,902

3,022
65.7
2,755
227
2,528
267
8.8
1,579

3,179
66.2
2,928
218
2,711
250
7.9
1,622

575
52.8
489
13
476
86
15.0
515

588
53.8
520
3
517
68
11.5
505

424
68.6
397
5
392
27
6.4
194

387
64.5
357
2
355
29
7.6
214

3,218

3,306

1,979

2,041

404

401

245

243

2,736
85.0
2,579
187
2,392
157
5.7
482

2,815
85.1
2,660
174
2,487
155
5.5
491

1,716
86.7
1,629
164
1,466
87
5.0
263

1,797
88.0
1,700
159
1,541
97
5.4
244

332
82.2
295
11
284
37
11.1
72

324
80.8
294
1
292
30
9.3
77

207
84.5
199
5
193
8
3.9
39

195
80.2
190
2
187
5
2.7
48

3,547

3,653

1,974

2,066

514

533

315

294

1,650
46.5
1,468
35
1,433
181
11.0
1,898

1,721
47.1
1,576
36
1,539
145
8.4
1,932

924
46.8
814
33
780
111
12.0
1,050

974
47.1
885
34
852
89
9.1
1,092

170
33.1
140
—
140
30
17.5
345

194
36.4
177
1
176
17
8.8
339

186
59.0
176
—
176
9
4.9
130

165
56.1
152
—
152
13
7.6
129

Civilian noninstitutional populatiot

1,063

1,078

648

694

172

159

58

64

Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

593
55.8
476
34
442
117
19.8
471

599
55.6
480
29
451
119
19.9
479

382
59.0
312
30
282
70
18.3
266

408
58.8
343
25
318
65
16.0
286

73
42.4
54
2
52
20
27.0
99

70
44.0
50
1
49
21
29.3
89

32
55.2
22

27
42.2
15
_
15
11
(2)
37

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Males, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional p o p u l a t i o n

. . .

Civilian labor force . . . .
Percent o f p o p u l a t i o n
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
N o t in labor force . . .

.

.

Both sexes, 16-19 years

.

Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not
shown separately.
2
Percent not shown where base is less than 60,000.

80



NOTE: See note, table A-59.

22
10
(2)
26

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-61.

Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin

(in thousands]
Total

Hispanic origin 1

Black and othtr

White

Selected categories

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

95,786
56,768
39,018

98,231
57,707
40,524

84,997
51,Q11
33,986

87,028
51,702
35,326

10,789
5,757
5,032

11,203
6,005
5,198

4,523
2,851
1,672

4,716
2,935
1,782

47,013
13,891
10,232
5,952
16,937
32,605
12,819
11,033
3,510
5,242
12,986
3,183

49,268
14,691
10,778
6,145
17,655
33,047
13,244
11,074
3,616
5,113
12,870
3,046

43,140
12,666
9,707
5,619
15,148
28,578
11,871
9,381
2,976
4,350
10,389
2,890

45,018
13,332
10,194
5,846
15,646
28,893
12,186
9,386
3,076
4,245
10,359
2,758

3,873
1,225
525
333
1,789
4,027
948
1,652
534
893
2,596
293

4,250
1,359
583
299
2,009
4,154
1,058
1,688
540
868
2,510
289

1,439
326
274
169
670
2,129
625
914
199
391
738
216

1,488
359
286
169
674
2,268
668
1,033
205
362
764
197

1,671
1,725
404

1,636
1,711
385

1,404
1,651
391

1,359
1,658
377

267
74
13

277
53
9

234
18
4

213
18
8

85,233
14,889
70,345
1,407
68,938
6,286
467

87,260
14,981
72,279
1,287
70,992
6,764
474

75,234
12,439
62,794
961
61,833
5,877
439

76,836
12,521
64,315
888
63,427
6,350
449

10,000
2,450
7,550
445
7,105
409
27

10,424
2,461
7,964
399
7,565
414
26

4,046
611
3,436c
79
3,357c
202
18

4,246
604
3,641
95
3,546
218
14

80,014
3,810
11,962

81,967
3,768
12,497

71,116
3,090
10,791

72,633
3,079
11,315

8,899
720
1,171

9,334
688
1,181

3,860
260
402

4,080
242
394

CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS3
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

1
3

See footnote 2, table A-59.
Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed

proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.

cscorrected.




81

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-62.

Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories

[tn thousands]
PuartoRiean

Total Hispanic
origin 1
Seta

Cuban origin

Mexican origin

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

4,523
2,851
1,672

4,716
2,935
1,782

2,755
1,808

947

2,928
1,890
1,038

489
318
170

520
326
194

397
211
186

357
201
156

1,439
326
274
169
670
2,129
625
914
199
391
738
216

1,488

359
286
169
674

739
161
149
71
358

797
170
149
83
395

2,268

1,382

1,497

668
205
362
764
197

417
539
135
291
439
193

452
638
135
272
458
179

165
42
27
20
76
219
44
126
22
27
93
11

182
58
26
17
81
230
50
127
25
28
106
2

169
33
34
27
75
175
61
92
8
14
48
5

156
41
31
21
63
159
45
86
16
12
40
2

234
18
4

213
18
8

209
15
3

196
14
7

13
1

4,046
611
3,436
79
3,357
202
18

4,246
604

2,398

2,584

379

352

3,641

2,018

2,231

468
77
390
2
388
7

503
98
405
5
400
14

364
34
330
1
329
28

325
44
281
4
277
30

3,860
260
402

428
26
35

465
16
40

339
14
44

309
11
37

CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Males
Females
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

1,033

MAJOR I N D U S T R Y A N D CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagriculturel industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

95

47

54

3,546

1,971

2,177

218
14

119
11

116
12

4,080

2,334

2,507

242
394

180
240

178
243

FULL- A N D PART-TIME S T A T U S 3
Full-time schedules
Part timefor economic reasons
Part time for noneconomic reasons

See footnote 1, table A-60.




2

See footnote 2, table A - 6 1 .

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin
(In thousands]
Hispanic origin 3

Black 1

White
Sex and age

III

III

III

1978

III

III

1978

III

III

1979

1978

III

1979

1979

1978

1979

95,786

98,231

84,997

87,028

9,125

9,366

4,523

4,716

......

9,075
3,876
5,199
14,012
72,699
58,615
14,084

8,854
3,758
5,096
14,339
75,038
60,767
14,272

8,233
3,542
4,691
12,469
64,295
51,601
12,694

8,015
3,420
4,595
12,675
66,337
53,442
12,895

703
270
434
1,320
7,102
5,880
1,223

678
273
405
1,400
7,288
6,091
1,197

476
196
280
778
3,269
2,897
372

480
170
310
842
3,394
3,029
366

Males, 16 years and over . .

56,768

57,707

51,011

51,702

4,843

5,013

2,851

2,935

4,942
2,132
2,811
7,685
44,140
35,364
8,777

4,808
2,081
2,727
7,860
45,039
36,178
8,862

4,483
1,941
2,542
6,888
39,640
31,672
7,968

4,339
1,886
2,453
6,989
40,373
32,309
8,065

384
154
230
683
3,776
3,079
697

382
156
226
731
3,900
3,220
681

272
112
160
502
2,077
1,819
258

274
96
178
503
2,157
1,908
249

39,018

40,524

33,986

35,326

4,281

4,353

1,672

1,782

4,132
1,744
2,388
6,327
28,559
23,251
5,308

4,046
1,677
2,369
6,479
30,000
24,590
5,410

3,750
1,601
2,149
5,581
24,656
19,929
4,727

3,677
1,554
2,143
5,686
25,964
21,133
4,831

319
115
204
636
3,326
2,801
525

295
117
178
669
3,388
2,871
517

204
84
120
276
1,192
1,078
115

206
74
131
339
1,237
1,121
116

Total, 16 years and over . .
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years
18 t o 19 years

20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years
• 18 t o 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 t o 19 years
16 t o 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over

See footnote 1 , table A - 5 9 .

See footnote 2, table A - 5 9 .

A-64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over

..

16 t o 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 t o 19 years
20 t o 24 years
25 years and over
25 t o 54 years
55 years and over
Males, 16 years and over . .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Females, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1

See footnote 1 , table A-59.




Black1

White

Total

Hispanic origin 3

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

5.9

5.8

5.1

5.0

12.5

12.1

9.2

8.2

15.5
18.2
13.3
9.1
3.9
4.2
2.9

15.4
16.4
14.7
9.0
3.8
4.1
2.8

13.1
15.6
11.0
7.4
3.5
3.7
2.7

13.5
14.6
12.6
7.5
3.4
3.6
2.7

35.3
40.6
31.6
22.1
7.2
7.7
4.5

34.2
34.9
33.6
20.6
7.4
7.9
4.5

19.8
24.9
15.7
11.7
6.7
6.9
5.6

19.9
26.5
15.7
9.1
6.0
6.0
5.4

4.7

4.8

4.0

4.2

10.6

10.5

7.1

6.9

14.0
17.0
11.6
7.9
2.9
3.0
2.6

14.5
15.2
14.0
8.0
3.0
3.1
2.7

11.9
14.8
9.5
6.6
2.6
2.6
2.5

12.8
13.6
12.2
6.9
2.7
2.7
2.6

32.2
36.3
29.1
18.8
5.8
6.3
3.9

30.3
31.8
29.3
17.5
6.3
6.8
4.2

18.1
25.4
12.2
9.4
4.8
4.9
4.8

7.7

7.2

6.7

6.3

14.6

14.0

12.5

18.3
24.9
14.3
7.5
5.0
5.1
4.6
10.2

17.1
19.5
15.3
10.6
5.5
6.0
3.3

16.6
17.8
15.6
10.1
5.1
5.5
3.0

14.4
16.6
12.7
8.4
5.0
5.5
3.1

14.2
15.7
13.2
8.1
4.6
5.0
2.8

38.8
45.6
34.1
25.5
8.6
9.2
5.4

38.6

21.8
24.3
20.0
15.7
9.8
10.1
7.4

21.8
28.5
17.5
11.3
7.6
7.7
7.2

38.7
38.5
23.7
8.5

9.1
4.8

See footnote 2, table A-59.

83

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin
[In thousands]
Total
Weeks of unemployment

Hispanic origin1

Black and other

White

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

6,055
2,994
1,935
1,127

6,013
3,051
1,967
995
511
484

4,588
2,363
1,411
815
391
424

4,619
2,411
1,470
73'8
396
342

1,467
631
524
312
129
184

1,394
640
497
257
115
142

456
258
128
70
31
39

419
227
127
65
40
25

5.1

9.9
4.9

10.5
4.9

9.4
4.8

13.0
6.3

11.5
5.7

9.7
4.4

9.2
4.6

100.0
49.4
32.0
18.6

100.0
50.7
32.7
16.5

8.6

8.5
8.0

100.0
51.5
30.7
17.8
8.5

100.0
52.2
31.8
16.0
8.6
7.4

100.0
43.0
35.7
21.3
8.8
12.5

100.0
45.9
35.7
18.4
8.2
10.2

100.0
56.6
28.1
15.4
6.8
8.6

100.0
54.2
30.3
15.5
9.5
6.0

Duration
Total, 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5to14weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

519
608

11.1

Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks
Percent distribution
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5to14weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

1

10.0

9.2

See footnote 2, table A-59.

A-66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands!
White

Total
Reason for unemployment

Black and other

III
1979

III
1978

Hispanic origin1

III

III
1979

III
1978c

1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

6,055
2,225
595
1,630
940
1,896
993

6,013
2,374
742
1,632
943
1,817
• 879

4,588
1,734
473
1,261
772
1,413
670

4,619
1,871
610
1,261
791
1,349
608

1,467
492
122
369
169
483
324

1,394
503
132
371
151
469
271

456
197
44
152
60
117
82

419
198
53
145
52
98
72

100.0
36.7

100.0
37.8
10.3
27.5
16.8
30.8
14.6

100.0
40.5
13.2
27.3
17.1
29.2
13.2

100.0
33.5

100.0
36.1

100.0
43*1

8.3

9.5

9.6

26.9
15.5
31 3
16.4

100.0
39.5
12.3
27.1
15.7
30.2
14.6

25.2
11.5
32»9
22.1

26.6
10.8
33.6
19.4

33.3
13.2
25.7
18.0

100.0
47.3
12.6
34.6
12.4
23.4
17.2

2.2

2.3

1.9

2.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.9
1.0

1.7
.8

1.6
.7

1.5
.7

3.9
2.6

3.7
2.2

2.4
1.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total 16 years and over
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants

.

.

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
New entrants

9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants

1

See footnote 2, table A-59.

84



c=corrected.

3.9
1.0
1.9
1.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
Corrected data for 2nd quarter 1978

A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Civilian labor force
UnftfnpJoyocI
Veteran status
and age

tutorial
population

II
1978

Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years .

25 to 39 years . . .
25 to 29 years .
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over

8,306
784
6,319
2,417
3,327
1 ,075
703

Percent
of
labor
force

Employed

II

II
1978c

II
1979

II
1978c

II
1979

512
570

7,835
697

B, 097
533

7,519
638

7,772
483

316
60

7,106
7,003
3,591
1#512
027

6,542
7,290
3,211
1,04 1
596

6,865
1,906
3,4 35
1,473
6 99

6,304
2, 172
3,124
1,008
577

6,613
1,801
3,371
1,441
676

14,464
6,598
4, 143
3,719

12,936
5,679
3,826
3,431

13,722
6,244
3,9 47
3,532

13,263
5,997
3,831
3,436

II
1979

II
1978 c

II
19 79

325
50

4.0
8.6

4.0
9.3

238
1 17
88
13
19

252
105
114
32
24

3.6
5.1
2.7
3.1
3.2

3.7
5.5
3.3
2.2
3.4

489
257
129
103

459
247
116
96

3.8
4.5
3.4
3.0

3.3
4.0
2.9
2.7

1978c

NONVETERANS 3
Total, 25 to 39 years . .
25 to 29 years .
30 to 34 years .
35 to 39 years .

1

13,58 3
6,015
3,991
3,577

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964 and May 1975.
Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited
to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era
veteran population.
2




12,447
5,422
3,697
3,328

NOTE: Seasonally-adjusted data are no longer being provided because the changing age composition
of the Vietnam-era veterans' population distorts the ability to identify seasonality in the series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-67. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans by age
[Numbers in thousands]
Not MMonwy adjusted
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Unemployed

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed

Total

Percent
of
labor
force

Number

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

III

1978

1979

1978

.1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

8,352
736

8,550
530

7,891
668

8,156
483

7,548
598

7,852
439

343
70

304
44

4.3

10.5

3.7
9.2

6,892
2,297
3,428
1,167
724

7,157
1,916
3,624
1,617
864

6,615
2,169
3,323
1,123
608

6,927
1,835
3,517
1,575
746

6,362
2,034
3,238
1,090
589

6,691
1,749
3,407
1,535
722

253
136
85
33
19

236
86
110
40
23

3.8
6.3
2.6
2.9
3.1

3.4
4.7
3.1
2.5
3.1

13,801
6,172
3,995
3,634

14,684
6,730
4,208
3,746

13,185
5,891
3,812
3,482

13,993
6,405
4,005
3,583

12,749
5,654
3,700
3,395

13,479
6,141
3,867
3,472

436
237
112
87

514
264
138
112

3.3
4.0
2.9
2.5

3.7
4.1
3.4
3.1

VETERANS1
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years . . . .
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over . . . .
NONVETERANS2
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
1

Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975.
Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are
limited to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the
Vietnam-era veteran population.
2

NOTE: Seasonally-adjusted data are no longer being provided because the changing age
composition of the Vietnam-era veterans' population distorts the ability to identify seasonality
in the series.

A-68. Employment status of male Vietnam-Era veterans and nonveterans 25 to 39 years by age, race,
and Hispanic origin
[Numbers in thousands]
Veterans1
Employment status

White

Black and other

Nonveterans

Hispanic origin3

Black and other

III

III

III

III

III

III

1978

1979

1978

11,964 12,755
11,517 12,265
11,187 11,881
330
384
2.9
3.1

Hispanic origin2

III

III

III

III

III

1978

1979

1978

1979

1978

1979

6,226
5,997
5,793
204
3.4

6,435
6,244
6,051
193
3.1

666
618
568
50
8.1

722
683
640
43
6.3

259
244
230
14
5.7

251
237
225
12
5.1

2,053
1,945
1,841
104
5.3

1,674
1,604
1,534
70
4.4

244
224
192
32
14.3

242
231
215
16
6.9

110
102
91
11
10.8

87
81
74
7
8.6

5,396
5,189
5,013
176
3.4

5,916
5,669
5,459
210
3.7

776
702
641
61
8.7

814
736
682
54
7.3

394
375
359
16
4.3

445
415
389
26
6.3

3,120
3,032
2,961
71
2.3

3,291
3,205
3,116
89
2.8

308
291
277
14
14.8

333
312
291
21
6.7

107
101
99
2
2.0

118
112
108
4
3.6

3,449
3,318
3,234
84
2.5

3,626
3,484
3,391
93
2.7

546
494
466
28
5.7

582
520
475
45
8.7

279
258
241
17
6.6

320
302
288
14
4.6

1,053
1,020
991
29
2.8

1,470
1,435
1,401
34
2.4

114
103
99
4
3.9

147
140
134
6
4.3

42
41
40

46
44
43

3,119
3,010
2,940
70
2.3

3,233
3,112
3,031
81
2.6

515
472
455
17
3.6

513
471
441
30
6.4

289
276
263
13
4.7

296
277
263

1979

Til
1978

1979

1,837
1,668
1,562
106
6.4

1,909
1,727
1,598
129
7*5

962
909
863
46
5.1

1,061
994
940
54
5.4

Total, 25 to 39 years:
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
25 to 29 yean
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force . . . . . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnote 1 , table A-67.
See footnote 2, table A-59.

86



1

1

(3)

(3)

Percent not shown where base is less than 60,000.

14
5.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES

Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolttan areas by sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas
Employment status

Central cities

Total

III
1978

Nonfarm

Farm

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

107,629 110,258 45,425
69,520 72,042 28,373
64.6
62.5
65.3
65,236 67,764 26,266
4,278 2,107
4,283
.7.4
5.9
6.2
38,110 38,216 17,052

46,047
29,138
63.3
27,021
2,117
7.3
16,909

62,204
41,147
66.1
38,970
2,176
5.3
21,058

64,211
42,904
66.8
40,743
2,161
5.0
21,307

51,606
32,322
62.6
30,550
1,772
5.5
19,284

51,548
32,202
62.5
30,467
1,735
5.4
19,346

4,867
3,187
65.5
3,109
77
2.4
1,681

4,673
3,106
66.5
3,035
72
2.3
1,567

46,739
29,135
62.3
27,441
1,695
5.8
17,603

46,875
29,096
62.1
27,432
1,663
5.7
17,779

45,284
36,667
81.0
35,222
1,444
3.9
8,617

46,392 18,674
37,711 14,514
77.7
81.3
36,195 13,746
1,517
767
4.0
5.3
8,680 4,160

18,953
14,893
78.6
14,081
812
5.5
4,061

26,610
22,153
83.3
21,476
677.
3.1
4,457

27,439
22,818
83.2
22,114
705
3.1
4,619

21,850
17,148
78.5
16,603
545
3.2
4,702

22,028
17,260
78.4
16,704
556
3.2
4,767

2,199
1,849
84.1
1,829
20
1.1
349

2,142
1,803
84.2
1,778
24
1.4
339

19,651
15,299
77.9
14,774
525
3.4
4,353

19,886
15,457
77.7
14,926
532
3.4
4,428

51,332
25,744
50.2
24,090
1,654
6.4
25,588

52,703
27,269
51.7
25,626
1,643
6.0
25,434

22,366
11,234
50.2
10,437
797
7.1
11,132

22,626
11,630
51.4
10,839
792
6.8
10,995

28,966
14,510
50.1
13,653
857
5.9
14,456

30,077
15,639
52.0
14,787
851
5.4
14,439

24,317
11,548
47.5
10,796
752
6.5
12,768

24,306
11,532
47.4
10,853
679
5.9
12,774

2,086
922
44.2
884
38
4.1
1,164

1,979
914
46.2
889
25
2.7
1,065

22,231
10,626
47.8
9,912
714
6.7
11,604

22,327
10,618
47.6
9,964
654
6.2
11,709

11,013
7,109
64.6
5,924
1,186
16.7
3,904

11,163
7,061
63.3
5,943
1,118
15.8
4,102

4,385
2,625
59.9
2,083
543
20.7
1,760

4,468
2,615
58.5
2,101
514
19.7
1,853

6,628
4,484
67.7
3,841
643
14.3
2,144

6,695
4,446
66.4
3,842
604
13.6
2,249

5,439
3,626
66.7
3,151
475
13.1
1,813

5,215
3,409
65.4
2,910
499
14.6
1,805

583
415
71.2
396
19
4.7
168

553
390
70.5
367
23
5.8
163

4,856
3,211
66.1
2,755
456
14.2
1,645

4,662
3,019
64.8
2,543
476
15.8
1,642

93,003
60,186
64.7
57,036
3,150
5.2
32,817

94,865
62,126
65.5
58,959
3,167
5.1
32,738

34,924
21,874
62.6
20,610
1,265
5.8
13,051

35,275
22,441
63.6
21,145
1,296
5.8
12,834

58,079
38,312
66.0
36,426
1,885
4.9
19,766

59,590
39,685
66.6
37,814
1,871
4.7
19,904

46,820
29,399
62.8
27,961
1,438
4.9
17,420

46,956
29,520
62.9
28,069
1,451

4,538
3,004

17,436

2,940
64
2.1
1,534

4,416
2,960
67.0
2,903
57
1.9
1,456

42,282
26,395
62.4
25,021
1,374
5.2
15,886

42,540
26,560
62.4
25,166
1,394
5.2
15,980

14,627
9,334
63.8
8,201
1,133
12.1
5,293

15,393 10,500
9,915 6,498
64.4
61.2
8,804 5,656
1,111
843
11.2
13.0
5,477 4,002

10,772
6,697
62.2
5,876
821
12.3
4,075

4,127
2,836
68.7
2,545
290
10.2
1,291

4,621
3,218
69.6
2,928
290
9.0
1,402

4,786
2,923
61.1
2,589
334
11.4
1,863

4,592
2,682
58.4
2,399
283
10.6
1,910

329
183
55.5
169
14
7.4
146

256
146
57.0
131
15
10.4
110

4,457
2,740
61.5
2,420
320
11.7
1,717

4,336
2,536
58.5
2,268
268
10.6
1,800

III
1978

III
1979

Total

Suburbs

Total
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16*19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force

4.9

66.2

Black and other
/tfiart noninstitutional population . . .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




87

HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-70.

Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race

(Number i n thousands)
Total United States

Nonmetropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas

Nonpoverty

Employment status

areas

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

III
1978

III
1979

29,009
16,558

130,226
85,283
65.5
80,641
4,642
5.4

133,212
87,850
65.9
83,174
4,676
5.3
45,362

11,213
6,154
54.9
5,401
752
12.2
5,059

10,931
6,108
55.6
5,408
699
11-4
4,873

96,417
63,366

99,277
65,934

57.1
15,145
1,413
8.5
12,451

28,594
16,394
57.3
15,057
1,337
8.2
12,200

65.7

66.4
62,355

20 ,413
11 ,816

20 ,148
11 ,777

119,409
77,769

57.9
11 ,098

58.5
11 ,073

8 ,597

8 ,371

2,539

2,873
260
8.3
2,404

87,250
56,972
65.3
54,108

704
6.0

5,753
3,214
55.9
2,928
286
8.9

5,537
3,133
56.6

718
6.1

121,673
79,870
65.6
65.1
73,899 75,955
3,915
3,870
4.9
5.0
41,641 41,804

8,596
4,742
55.2

8,446
4,617
54.7
3,984
633

10,817
7,514
69.5

13.7
3,829

10.3
3,302

11,539
7,980
69.2
7,219
761
9.5
3,558

5,460
2,940
53.8
2,474
466
15.9
2,520

5,444
2,974
54.6
2,535
439
14.8
2,469

III

1978

III

1979

III
1978

III
1979

33,810
21,917

33,935
21,916
64.6
20,819
1,097
5.0
12,019

Total
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force

44,943

59,835
3,531
5.6
33,050

3,579
5.4
33,343

17,796 17,613
10,405 10,28*
58.'4
58.5
9,744 9,649
660
6.3

7,391

638
6.2
7,327

64.8
20,806
1,111
5.1

11,892

White
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

2,864
5.0
30,278

89,328
58,993
66.0
56,086
2,907
4.9
30,335

14,660
8,603
58.7
8,170
432
5.0
6,057

14,611
8,644
59.2

9,949
6,941
69.8
6,269
672
9.7
3,008

3,136
1,802
57.5
1,574

32,345

32,160
20,797
64.7

20,876
64.5

8,200
443
5.1
5,967

19,791
1,006
4.8
11,363

19,868
1,008
4.8
11,469

3,002
1,643
54.7
1,448
194
11.8
1,359

1,650
1,120
67.9
1,015
106
9.4
530

1,590
1,040
65.4
950
89
8.6
550

Black and other

Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population . . .
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

4,048

694
14.6
3,854

6,742
773

9,167
6,394
69.8
5,727
667

10.4
2,773

228

12.7
1,334

A-71. Unemployment rates for selected tabor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race
Metropolis.™

Total United State.
Poverty
areas

Sex, age, and race

III

Nonpoverty
areas

areas

III

III

1978

III
1979

1978

8.5
5.6
9.2
20.2

8.2
5.1
8.9
21.5

6.1
4.1
7.0.
12.9

14.6
9.8
13.8
36.1

Nonmetropolitan areas

Nonpoverty
areas

III

III

III

1979

III
1978

1979

1978

5.4
3.3
5.9
14.5

5.3
3.5
5.5
14.3

12.2
9.1
11.2
29.8

11.4
7.6
11.9
27.9

6.0
3.9
6.3
16.3

5.0
3.1
5.5
13.1

4.9
3.2
5.1
13.1

8.9
6.8
9.1
19.1

13.7
8.6
14.2
32.9

10.3
6.6
9.9
31.4

9.5
7.0
8.6
28.7

15.9
12.1
13.2
39.6

Nonpoverty

Poverty
areas

areas

III

III

1979

III
1978

1979

1978

III
1979

5.6
3.5
5.9
15.3

5.4
3.7
5.5
14.6

6.3
3.6
7.9
14.6

6.2
3.6
6.9
17.6

5.1
3.0
5.9
12.4

5.0
3.0
5.4
13.3

8.3
6.2
8.6
18.6

5.0
3.1
5.3
13.7

4.9
3.3
5.1
13.2

5.0
3.1
6.2
10.8

5.1
3.1
5.5
15.5

4.8
2.8
5.8
11.5

4.8
3.0
5.2
12.7

14.8
9.5
14.7
36.5

10.4
6.7
10.2
32.3

9.7
7.6
8.3
29.5

12.7
6.3
14.8
30.4

11.8
7.0
13.2
26.8

9.4
5.8
7.9
27.7

8.6
2.7
10.2
24.8

Total
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White
Both sexes, 16 years and over
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other
Both sexes, 16 years and over . . . .
Males, 2 0 years and over
Females, 20 years and over . . . .
Both sexes, 16-19 years

88




HOUSEHOLD DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES

A-72. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)

III

III

1979

1978

Percent of unemployed:

Percent of unemployed:

With at least

With at least

Family relationship
Total

With no
employed
person in
family

With at least
one employed
person in
family

one person in

Total

family employed full
time

With no
employed
person in
family

With at least
one employed
person in
family

one person in
family employed full
time

TOTAL
Unemployed total

..

. .

6,055

. . .

5,207
968
1,288
1,728

Unemployed in families'
Husbands 2
Wives . .
...
Relatives in husband-wife families

. . .

Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed not in families 3

. . . .

436
787
848

36.9
26.6
50.5
10.5
9.7
79.6
31.6

63.1
73.4
49.5
89.5
90.3
20.4
68.4

57.8
67.3
41.4
85.2
86.1
14.4
57.6

6,013

412
735
833

35.2
24.5
50.4
10.0
8.7
77.2
29.6

64.8
75.5
49.6
90.0
91.3
22.8
70.4

60.2
70.2
41.5
85.8
87.7
19.4
61.0

.4,619

42.6
34.4
51.8
12.6
13.8
82.6
34.4

57.4
65.6
48.2
87.4
86.2
17.4
65.6

49.7
56.8
38.8
82.9
79.4
7.2
53.4

1,294
1,123
•153
156
328

5,180
1,038
1,226
1,769

81.3
32.8

63.2
73.4
53.7
87.8
90.3
18.7
67.2

57.7
66.9
43.2
83.0
85.9
14.1
57.7

34.5
23.9
45.7
10.9
9.1
78.0
30.4

65.5
76.1
54.3
89.1
90.9
22.0
69.6

60.3
70.1
43.4
84.7
86.7
17.8
62.5

44.6
36.2
49.7
20.5
12.2
86.7
35.8

55.4
63.8
50.3
79.5
87.8
13.3
64.2

48.3
55.7
41.2
71.2
82.9

36.8
26.6
46.3
12.2
9.7

—

White

4,588

Unemployed total
Unemployed in families'
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families

....

263
436
654

Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Urtemployed not in families

3,860
805
1,084
1,346

3

3,974
864
1,046
1,418
241
405
645

—

Black 4
Unemployed total

...

...

Unemployed in families'
Husbands 2
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Unemployed not in families 3

.. .

. . .

1,306
1,143
139
175
325
167
337
163

In primary families only.
2

Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head
families.




——

—

-—

165
321
171

~~

""

Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families.
According t o the 1970 Census, black workers comprised about
"black and o t h e r " population group.
4

8.5

51.4
—

I percent of the

89

H O U S E H O L D DATA
QUARTERLY AVERAGES
A-73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members
(Numbers in thousands)

Ill
1978

III
1979

Percent of employed:

Percent o f employed:
With another

With another

Family relationship
Total

With no other With another

person in

employed per- employed-per-

family em-

son in family

ployed full

son in family

Total

With no other With another

person in

employed per- employed per-

family em-

son in family

son in family

ployed full
time

time

TOTAL
Employed total
Employed in families'
Husbands 3
. .

. . . .

Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed not in families 3

95,786

37.2

62.8

54.9

98,231

37.1

62.9

54.9

82,536
39,549
21,167
13,806

27.1
40.6
8.2
5.7
64.0
26.4

63.7
45.4
87.8
91.2
26.7
62.8

84,189
40,173
22,189
13,574

4,401
3,613
13,250

72.9
59.4
91.8
94.3
36.0
73.6

26.6
39.6
8.1
5.9
64.2
25.5

73.4
60.4
91.9
94.1
35.8
74.5

64.0
45.9
88.0
91.0
26.5
64.6
—

4,570
3,683
14,042

White
Employed total

. . .

. .

Employed in families
Husbands 3
Wives
Relatives in husband*wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed not in families 3

84,997

36.7

63.3

55.2

87,028

36.7

63.3

55.1

73,546
36,067
18,984
12,536

26.9
41.1
7.9
5.6

73.1
58.9
92.1
94.4

63.8
44.6
88.1
91.7

74,848
36,567
19,862
12,242

73.6
59.8
92.1
94.2

3,237
2,722
11,451

61.4
26.7

38.6
73.3

28.9
63.3

3,356
2,821
12,180

26.4
40.2
7.9
5.8
61.2
25.4

64.1
44.9
88.4
91.3
28.7
65.4
—

9,125

41.7

58.3

50.7

9,366

41.8

58.2

51.4

7,617
2,881
1,787
1,008

30.2
35.3
11.5
7.7

69.8
64.7
88.5
92.3

60.8
53.6
83.0
85.4

7,794
2,964
1,870
1,036

30.0
34.2
11.7
6.9

70.0
65.8
88.3
93.1

61.8
54.9
83.8
87.6

1,104
837
1,508

71.6
25.1
—

28.4
74.9
—

20.6
61.6
—

1,129
795
1,572

73.3
26.2
~

26,7
73.8
•—

19.8
61.8
—

38.8
74.6

Black 4
Employed total
Employed in families' .
Husbands 3
Wives
Relatives in husband-wife families
Women who head families
Relatives of female heads
Employed, not in families 3

See footnote 1, table A - 7 2 .
See footnote 2. table A - 7 2 .

90



'
.

See footnote 3, table A - 7 2 .
See footnote 4, table A - 7 2 .

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1919 to date
Goodi-producing

Serrm-producing
Wholesale and retail trade
Total

turing

tation
and
public

Total

Finance,

Retail
trade

Total

1919.
1920.
1925
1926
1927
192 8
1929
1930

27,078
27,340
28,766
29,806
29,962
29,986
31,324
29,409

12,828
12,760
12, 489
12, 911
12, 738
12,618
13,301
11,958

1,133
1,239
1,089
1,185
1,1 14
1,050
1,087
1,009

1 ,036
863
1 ,461
1,570
1 ,623
1,621
1,512
1,387

10,659
10,658
9,939
10,156
10,001
9,947
10,702
9,562

14,250
14, 580
16,277
16,895
17,224
17,368
18, 023
17,451

3,711
3,998
3,826
3,942
3,895
3,828
3,916
3,685

4,514
4,467
5,576
5,784
5,908
5,874
6,123
5,797

1,096
1,160
1,218
1 ,290
1,352
1,4 20
1 ,494
1,460

2,25 3
2,352
2,85 7
3,033
3, 154
3,251
3,425
3,36 1

2,676
2,603
2,800
2,846
2,915
2,995
3,065
3,148

533
526

2,532
2,622

1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940

26,635
23,615
23,699
25,940
27,039
29,068
31,011
29, 194
30,603
32,361

10,272
8, 647
8,965
10,261
10,893
11,933
12,936
11,401
12,297
13,221

873
731
744
883
897
946
1 ,015
891
854
9 25

1,229
985
824
877
927
1 ,160
1 , 127
1,070
1 ,165
1,311

8,170
6,931
7,397
8,501

16, 363
'14, 968
14, 734
15,679

5,284
4,683

10,794 18,
9 , 4 4 0 17,
10,278 18,
10,985 19,

075
793
306
140

3,254
2,816
2,672
2,750
2,786
2,973
3,134
2,863
2,9 36
3,038

5,23 1
5,431
5,809
6,265
6,179
6,426
6,750

1,762 4, 664
1 ,835 4,914

1,392
1 ,326
1,280
1,304
1 ,320
1,373
1 ,417
1 ,410
1,447
1 ,485

3,169
2,918
2,861
3,045
3,128
3^,312
3,533
3,458
3,502
3,665

3,264
3,225
3,166
3,299
3,481
3,668
3,756
3,883
3,995
4,202

560
559
565
652
753
826
833
829
905
996

2,704
2,666
2,601
2,647
2,728
2,842
2,923
3,054
3,090
3,206

1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950

36,539
40,106
42,434
41,864
40,374
41,652
43,857
44,366
43,754
45,197

15, 963
18, 470
20, 114
19. 328
17, 507
17,248
18, 509
18, 774
17, 565
18, 506

957
992
925
892
836
862
955
994
930
901

1,814
2,198
1,587
1 ,108
1,147
1,683
2,009
2,198
2 , 194
2,364

13,192
15,280
17,602
17,328
15,524
14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441
15,241

20, 574
21, 636
22,320
22,536
22,867
24, 404
2 5, 348
26, 092
26, 189
26, 691

3,274
3,460
3,647
3,829
3,906
4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001
4,034

7,210
7,118
6,982
7,05 8
7,314
8,376
8,9i>5
9,272
9,264
9,386

1 ,960
1,906
1 ,822
1,845
1,949
2,291
2,471
2,605
2,6 02
2.6 35

5,251
5, 212
5,160
5,214
5, 365
6,084
6,485
6,667
6,662
6,751

1 ,525
1,509
1,481
1 ,461
1,481
1 ,675
1,728
1,800
1,828
1,888

3,905
4,066
4,130
4,145
4,222
4,697
5,025
5,181
5,240
5,357

4,660
5,483
6,0 80
6,043
5,944
5,595
5,474
5,650
5,856
6,026

1,340
2,213
2,905
2,928
2,808
2,254
1.89 2
1,863
1.90 8
1,92 8

3,320
3,270
3,175
3,116
3,137
3,341
3,5 82
3,787
3,948
4,098

1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
19 5 9 1 /
1960......

47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,853
51,324
53,268
54,189

19, 959
20, 198
21, 074
19, 751
20, 513
21, 104
20, 964
19, 513
20, 411
20,434

929
898
866
791
792
822
8 28
751
732
712

2#637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3 # 039
2,962
2,817
3,004
2,926

16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,174
15,945
16,675
16,796

27,860
28,595
29, 128
29,239
30, 128
31,265
31,889
31,811
32,857
33, 755

4,226
4>,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011
4,0 04

9,742
10,004
10,247
10,235
10,535
10,858
10,886
10,750
1 1,127
11,391

2,727
2,812
2,854
2,867
2,926
3,018
3,028
2,980
3,082
3,143

7, 0 15
7,192
7,393
7,368
7,610
7, 840
7,858
7,770
8, 045
8, 248

1,956
2,035
2,111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549
2,629

5,54 7
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,24 0
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087
7,378

6,389
6,609
6,645
6,751
6,914
7,278
7,616
7,839
8,083
8,353

2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2, 187
2,209
2,217
2, 191
2,233
2,270

4,087
4,188
4,340
4,563
4,727
5,069
5,399
5,648
5,850
6,083

1 96 1
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

53,999
55,549
56,653
59,283
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
70,880
7 1 , 214
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,423
36,446

19,857
20,451
20, 640
21,005
21, 926
23, 158
23, 308
23,737
24,362
23,577
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,597

6 72
6 50
6 35
6 34
6 32
627
6 13
6 06
619
6 23
609
628
6 42
6 97
752
7 79
813
851

2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,271

16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,476

34, 142
35, 098
36, 013
37,278
38,839
40, 743
42,495
44, 160
46, 023
47, 302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,077
60,849

3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,927

11,337
1 1,566
1 1,778
12, 16 0
12,716
13,24 5
13,606
14,099
14,705
15,040
15,352
15,949
16,607
16,987
17,050
17,755
18,516
19,499

3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
3,466
3,597
3,689
3.7 79
3,907
3,993
4,001
4,113
4,2 77
4,433
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,957

8, 204
8,368
8, 530
8,823
9,250
9, 648
9,917
10,320
10,798
11,047
11, 351
11,836
12,329
12,554
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,542

2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,727

7,62 0
7,982
8,277

2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753

b,315

10,045
10,567
1 1,169
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,44 1
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,220

8,594
8,890
9,225
9,596
10,074
10,784
11,391
11,839
12,195
12,554
12,881
1 3 , 3 34
13,732
14,170
14,686
14,871
15,079
15,476

10,185
10,649
11,068
11,446
11,937
12,138
12,352
12,723

37,483
88,100
88,622
83,893

26,375
26,407
26,407
26,220

9 10
913
920
916

4,644
4,662
4,584
4,402

20,821
20,832
20,903
20,902

61,108
61,693
62,215
62,673

5,000
5,039
5,063
5,084

19,741
19,813
20,095
20,523

5,014
5,050
5,069
5,092

14,727
14,763
15,026
15,431

4,779
4,788
4,817
4,832

16,456
16,497
16,537
16,547

15,132
15,556
15,703
15,687

2,74 4
2,746
2,746
2,733

12,388
12,810
12,957
12,954

37,128
87,331
88,207
98,820
89,671
90,541
39,618
89,633
90,264

25,671
25,647
26,039
26,252
26,594
27,083
26,934
27,030
27,179

910
915
926
932
944
968
976
983
981

3,998
3,957
4,226
4,413
4,662
4,881
4,993
5,041
4,967

20,763
20,775
20,887
20,907
20,988
21,234
20,965
21 ,006
21,231

61,457
61,684
62,168
62,568
63,077
63,458
62,684
62,603
63,085

5,010
5,028
5,060
4,989
5,125
5,231
5,200
5,206
5,231

19,765
19,548
19,690
19,957
20,119
20,222
20,118
20,123
20,255

5,066
5,067
5,098
5,112
5,146
5,211
5,208
5,211
5,214

14,699
14,481
14,592
14,845
14,973
15,011
14,910
14,912
15,041

4,829
4,845
4,870
4,900
4,936
5,003
5,032
5,055
5,023

16,353
16,545
16,749
16,897
17,039
17,239
17,314
17,318
17,279

15,500
15,718
15,799
15,825
15,858
15,763
15,020
14,901
15,297

2,73 0
2,738
2,740
2,750
2,773
2,824
2,838
2,813
2,770

12,770
12,980
13,059
13,075
13,085
12,939
12,182
12,088
12,527

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1978:
SEPT....
OCT.....
NOV
DEC

9,069 16, 146
9,827 17, 135

4,7J5

1979:
JAN
FEB
MAE
APR
HAY
JON
JOL
AUG.P/..

SEPT7P/.
1

Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1950. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of

212,000(0.4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark month.
p= preliminary.




8,66 0
9,03 6
9,498

6,550
6,868
7,248
7,696
8,220
8,672
9, 102

9,437
9,823

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, data beginning in 1977 may differ from data published earlier. See article in
this issue for additional information.

91

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]
Production workers1
1972
SIC

Industry

Aug.
1978

TOTAL
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979*

Sept.
1979

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

Sept.p
1979

86,862

87,483

89,618

89,633

90,264

72,103

72,351

74,598

74,732

74,967

59,040

59,297

6 0,961

61,066

61,281

916

910

976

983

981

692

688

73 0

737

734

94.0
2 5.4
29.2

92.9
25.2
28.9

100.3
2 5.4
32.8

10 0.9
25.6
33.1

72.7
20.6
22.2

72.1
20.6
22. 1

76.9
20.4
25.2

77.1
20.3
25.4

25 8.6
255.6

260.4
257.4

208.7
206.1

209.1
206.4

215.9
213.2

218.4
215.7

306.7

10
101
102

METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores

11,12
12

COAL MINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING

250.2
247.2

250.4
247.4

13
131,2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas
liquids
Oil and gas field services

446.3

441.9

485.8

490.4

310.1

333.1

336.3

190.4
255.9

187.2
254.7

20 7.6
278.2

208.4
282.0

93.6
216. 5

90.8
215. 9

97.8
235.3

97.8
238.5

NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . . . .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals

125.6
42.2
39.6
23.6

124.3
41.8
38.8
23.8

130.9
4 3.5
4 2.4
24.5

131.3
43.4
42.0
25-0

100.4
35.8

99.9
3 5.4

104.4
36.7

104.9
36.6

4,688

4,644

4,993

5,041

3,785

3,751

4,039

4,089

14
142
144
147

CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

16
161
162

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39

DURABLE GOODS

20-23,
26-31

NONDURABLE GOODS

[

4,967

1,359.6 1,336.3 1,421.3 1,436.0
728.4
712.7
749.7
756.8
86.1
84.8
89.7
89.5
545. 1
538.8
581.9
589.7

962.7
326.0
636.7

4,010

1,075.9 1,055.6 1, 118.9 1,131.4
553.7
566.2
577.0
582.4
5 7.6
5 6.5
59.3
58.8
45 2.1
44 5.4
482.6
490.2

959.1 1,011.4 1,013.8
319.8
355.9
358.5
639.3
655.5
655.3

798.6
28 5.5
513.1

2,365.4 2,349.0 2,560.1 2,591.5
546.5
543.8
560.7
566.5
159.9
153.3
179.7
181.3
390.7
392.7
419.6
425.6
378.1
375.7
429.4
437.3
152.2
148.7
158.3
157.5
175.6
173.7
193.2
195.9

796.9
279.9
517.0

858.1
312.5
545.6

861.0
315.1
545.9

1,910.4 1,898.4 2,062.2 2,097.0
421.1
420.2
42 7.4
434.8
136.6
130.6
153.0
155.2
30 6.7
309.9
330.4
33 6.4
329.8
328.0
375.2
382.1
121.2
117.7
123.8
123.9
145.6
144.3
157.6
160.1

20,619

20,821

20,965

21,006

21,231

14,787

15,004

12,251

12,44 1

12,712

12,609

12,822

8, 744

8,938

8,368

8,380

8,253

8,397

8,409

6,043

6,066

775.4
90.8
235-3
194.7
33.8
229.6
81.2
51.7
27.4
50.4
44.7
91.3
61.2
83.7

766.4
90.7
233.3
192.8
33.5
227.0
80.3
50.5
27.4
50.1
43.1
88.7
60.3
83.6

776.8
96.5
23 7.8
196.9
32.6
227.4
77.5
52.0
26.9
51.7
44.6
86.6
59.0
83.9

77 8.7
97.5
238.1
196.7
33.0
226.6
77.1
52.2
27.3
50.8
43.3
87.1
59.9
86.1

778.7

66 5.5
74.6
210.9
175.1
29.8
195.0
67.3
43.6
24.5
44.2
39.5
75.0
52.3
70.5

656.4
74.6
209.0
173.4
29.4
192.2
66.4
42.2
24.5
43.9
38.1
72.3
51.3
70.2

489.0
326.1
144.3
102.1
29.6
33.2
47.1
25.8
62.8
27.2

493.5
330.2
145.8
102.6
31.1
33.4
47.3
26.2
62.9
26.9

475.5
312.3
137.3
97.4
29.7
31.6
46.2
25.0
65.7
26.3

485.8
318.4
141.3
98.6
29.3
32.5
47.3
25.2
65.7
29.2

490.1

401.4
276.7
127.6
84.5
23.5
26.0
38.3
19.6
47.8
19.0

405.7
280.6
129.0
85.0
24.8
26.3
38.5
20.0
47.9
18.7

14,971

15,222

9,031

8,921

9,147

5,915

6,050

6,075

664.1
81.0
213.0
176.8
28.7
191.5
63.1
44.0
23.7
45.2
39.4
69.3
4 9.1
69.9

66 5.9
82.2
212.8
176.4
28.9
190.6
62.6
44.4
24.3
44.2
38.0
69.9
50.0
72.2

664.5

386.2
262.6
121.0
79.6
23.5
24.2
36.8
18.9
49.8
18.1

395.4
268.3
124.8
80.6
23.2
25.1
37.9
19.2
49.7
20.3

398.8

14,946

DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451

249
25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

Sec footnotes at end of table.

92




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricuHural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production work*™1

All employws
1972
SIC
Code

Industry
Aug.
1978

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292
3296

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement hydraulic
Structural clay products..
.
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

Sept.
1978

July
1979

727. 1
20.4
132.3
74.4
57.9
4 9.6
3 3.7
50.9
4 5.6
230.2
26.6
75.5
105.7
151.3
30- 1
22.7
31.7

Aug.p
1979

727.9
20.4
131.2
73. 1
58. 1
50.5
33.5
50.5
4 6.4
230.6
26.4
76.2
10 5.4
151.4
29.9
23. 1
32.0

Sept.
1979 H

726.8

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Auy.p
1979

Sept. p
1979

568.2
15.6
116.6
68.8
47.8
3 4.3
26.4
41.0
39.0
176.6
18.2
5 8.8
81.5
108.3
19.7
17.4
-

566.6
15.0
117.3
68.2
49.1
34.6
25.8
40.2
39. 1
175.4
18.0
5 8:7
80.8
108.7
19.3
^17.4
_

574.9
15.6
113.2
65.5
47.7
36.0
27.1
39.8
38.3
181.3
19. 1
58.3
85.5
113.0
20.8
17.7

573.4
15.6
112.2
64.2
48.0
36.4
26.9
38.9
39.1
181.2
18.9
58.9
84.8
112.3
20.7
17.9
-

572.3

952.4
449.4
381.9
23.6
184.2
118.0
18.0
41.5
5 5.4
29.6
153.3
2 5.8
25.7
61.1
75.5
43.1

968.0
44 8.5
380.8
23.8
195.9
126.2
18.4
42.7
55.7
29.4
155.9
25.8
26.1
62.8
77.3
43.9

989. 2
460.2
390.0
24.8
195.1
122.2
17.8
44.0
57. 1
30.4
159.5
26.3
27.7
64.3
79.6
4b.0

972.5
455.3
385.9
24.5
184.8
113.1
16.0
44.6
57.0
30.4
159.1
26.3
27.7
62.7
73.2
45.1

984.2
-

713.9
19.8
135.9
77.8
58. 1
47.9
33.1
51.7
46.0
223.4
25.7
74. 8
100.8
143.2
28.6
22.6
30.8

712.8
19.6
136.3
76.9
59.4
48.3
32.5
51-0
46.3
221.9
25.4
74.7
100.0
143.9
28.3
22.4
30.8

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes . .
.
...
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
..
. . . .
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

1,215.5
569.0
480.6
30.6
228.3
143.9
22.2
51.9
70-9
36.4
210.6
33,3
34.7
82.7
91.4
51.5

1,230.8
566.7
478.6
30.7
240.3
152.3
22.6
53.2
71.3
36.2
213.3
33.2
34.9
84.8
93.7
52-4

34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery hand tools and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades . . .

1,672.6 1,696.8 1,715.7 1,717.9 1,73 6.8
79.7
80.4
80.3
79.5
64.8
65.1
66. 6
66.5
181.8
181.8
183.3
181.0
64.1
65.2
63.4
63.8
100.6
102.1
101.5
103.2
74.7
76.8
73-4
74.9
:
29.6
29.0
27.7
28.2
35.6
34.3
35.3
36.0
523.8
52 3.1
514.9
512.0
107.3
100.7
10 5-1
100. 1
88.9
87.8
88.2
87.5
14 5.6
146.9
14 7.1
149.0
:
109.1
109-0
105-4
106.5
31.4
31.6
30.8
31.1
119.8
120.0
111.1
110.0
57.2
57.3
52.9
52- 1
62.7
62.6
57.9
58.2
293.5
296.7
309.1
295.8
5 3. 1
55.2
54.0
51. 1
_
97.2
118.7
10 2.3
108.3
128.3
13 0.9
125-3
126.3
108.4
108. 1
103.6
104.5
_
73.
1
7J.
2
71.3
71. 1
35.0
35.2
33.2
32.5
6 1.5
61.7
60.8
61.4
26.4
26.7
26.2
26.5
27 0.5
257.9
272.2
255.0
107.2
107.3
100.6
101.4
56.0
53-4
57.2
54.2

1,266.0 1,289.4 1,292.9 1,292.7 1,312.5
67.5
57.5
67.7
6 8. 1
55.6
56.9
56.4
55.3
—
140.0
139.9
142.4
140.2
51.0
49.9
49.6
49.9
77.5
80.. 5
79.0
78.7
57.1
54. 1
55.8
55.3
2 4.3
23.9
22.5
22.9
24.8
23.5
25.3
24.5
369.1
368.3
364.4
366.9
77.8
75.7
72.4
71.6
6 7. 1
65.9
66.3
66.9
92.0
96.1
96.3
96.2
80.4
80.9
7 8.7
79.8
22.8
22.8
22.3
22.6
94.5
—
94.1
8 5.9
87.3
4 7. b
47.5
43.8
42.8
46.9
46.6
43.5
43.1
232.H
236.7
250. 1
—
23 7.5
4 1.8
43.2
42.3
4 0.9
79.2
99.9
84.2
89.9
102.8
100.9
99.4
98. 1
88.6
88-4
85.8
85.2
60.4
60.6
59.4
59.2
28.0
26.4
28.0
26.0
42.3
42.3
43.1
42.5
;
18.4
18.2
18.7
18.3
20 1.6
199.6
187.5
190.9
73.3
69.0
73.0
68.3
44.4
43.3
40.9
41.9

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery

2,312.6 2,344.4 2,485.1 2,469.8 2,498.8
142.8
142.7
137.0
134.2
41.3
4 1.5
43.8
43.8
101.4
101.3
90-4
93.2
171.6
178.2
162.3
154.3
152.6
157.3
144.3
137.3
411.4
411.6
383.6
379.9
177.5
166.4
168.5

1,505.6
86.4
23.3
63.1
105.0
94.0
252.7
113.2

Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
. ...
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing .
.
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and acessories, nee
Ammunition exc for small arms nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

. .

-

-

1,260.7 1,242.1 1,251.1
580.8
57 6.5
490.5
486.6
31.5
31.3
229.9
240. 2
148.5
13 9.0
2 2.4
2 0.5
56. 1
5 5.0
73.5
73.5
37.9
37.9
219.4
216.5
34.1
33.8
36.2
87.8
86.5
97.5
96.0
54.4
55.3

177.2

1,539.4
89.4
23.2
66.2
113.4
101.2
256.0
115.2

1,621.7 1,603.2
93.4
93.6
21.1
21.2
72.4
72.3
125.4
118.4
110.8
105.6
272.8
271.5
120. 8
120.3

_
-

-

-

1,639.8
-

S M footnotes at end of tabl«.




93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry-Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

All
1972
SIC
Code

3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592
3599

Aug.
1978

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles

See footnotes at end of table.

94




36.0
79.0

33.6
36.0
343.6
72. 1

24.6
127.8
62.4
32.8
196.9
45.6
25.7
38.2
311.4

59.6
55.5
30.7
39.4
25.1
23.9
350.4
278.1
183.0
126.6

258.9
39.5
219.4
2,007.3
121.9
55. 1

66.8
246.9
134.3
66.2
185.3
44.2
23.5
54.7
217.8
37.2

90.9
21.5
26.3
115.0

90.9

Sept,
1978

36.4
79.2
33.6
36.3
348. 1
72.8
25. 1
129.0
62.9
34.4
199.0
46. 1
2 6.8
38.4
315.3
60.0
56.9

3 0.9
39.5
25.5
2 4.0
352.8
278.9
184.2
127.4
262. 1
41.3
220.8

79.0
27.0
134.3
66.4
35.2
207. 1
48.0
26.7
42.5
32 5.8
60.8
57.4

3 0.9
41.7

27.9
24.7
38 7.8
311.3
185.7
128. 1

279.9
43.8
236. 1

2, 11 1
121,
56.
65,
66.6
264,
250. 1
139
136.8
73.
66.8
176.
184.0
38.
42.4
23,
23.0
52
55.5
226.
223.3

37.9
92.9
22.0
26.9
119.0

93.5
499.4
151.7
34 7.7

466.7

41.2
171.4
183.6
160.4
30.1
75.6

41.6
172.0
185.2
164.8
31.2
78.3

32.
530.
296.
130.
103.
217.
164.
52.
64.
93.
74.

39.9
366.4

122.0
55.4

463.6

46.
443.

3 8.8
86.5
36.5

,029.3

496.4
150.9
345.5

1,941.
942,
419,

July
1979

2,034.8
1,023.4
474.6
48.4
467.3
33.1
541.8
300.3
135.2
106.3
219.8

166.5
53.3
65.5
93.1
74. 1

38,
97
22,
27
110,
88
532,
16 1,
37 0,
519
44,
195
204
160
29
74

2,027.7
969.1

Aug.

39.2
86.2
37.0
3 9.8
368.4
78.7
26.8
134.1
68. 1
36.2
208.3
48.3
27.1
42.5
324.2
60.2
57.9
3 0.7
4 0-8
27.7
24.2
358.6
313. 1
177.2
120.2
27 7.2
42-8
2 34.4
2,09 1.9 2, 124.4
112.1
52.0
60. 1
253.3
13 0.1
73.4
174.8
37.1
23. 1
52.5
222.7
34.2

98.3
22.8
27.9
109.5
88.2
534.3
162.0
372.3
523.1
44.3
195.9
207.4
16 2. 1
31.5
72.4

,938.8 2,049.7
874.4

433.8
49.5
451.3
34.5

368.9
41.8
429.1
34.6

607.0

609.8

338.7
148.6
119.7
213. 1
163.5

341.2
149.2
119.4
213.4
166.4
47.0
70.7

49.6
70.8
99.0
78.0

Sept.
1979

99.7
78.5

Aug.
1978

2 2.9
54.5
19.9
24.9
24 9.2
46.3
15.9
102.2
44.4
24.4
122.7
28. 1
18.4
22.7
206.2
36.7
42.4
17.6
2 5. 1
17.2
17.2
156.4
113.2

12 8 . 5
89.0
198.5
30.9
167.6

Sept.
1978

23.3
54.9
19.7
25.2

254.4
4 7.3
16.6
103.6
44.9
25-8
124.2
28.3
18.9
22.7
210.2
3 7. 1
43.7
17.9
25.2
17.5
17.5
160-0
114.8
130. 1
90.1
201.7
32.6
169.1

July
1979

24.4
59. 1
20.9
27.7
26 5.0
50.3
17.6
107.2
4o.4
26.8
128.5
30.0
18.6
24.9
213.6
36.7
43.8
18.0
25.5
19.0
17.9
177.7
132.7
128.8
89. 1
216.3
34.7
181.6

Aug.p
1979

Sept. p
1979

24.6
59.0
21.2
27.7
265.7
49.7
17.4

106.4
47.9
27.7
130.3
30.4
19.0
25.5
211.6
35.9
44.1
17.8
24.6
18.8
17.5
178.0
133.4
120.8
81.6
213.5
33.8
179.7

1, 31 1.5 1,332.6 1,373.9 1,357.3 1,383.4
79.5
86.7
87.2
87.0
37.6
40.0
39.2
38.7
111.9
46.7
48.0
48.3
179.4
190.4
17 9.8
176.7
96.4
10 5. 4
102-7
100.2
47.1
48.0
43.6
43.1
137.5
139.4
146. 1
145.0
29.6
31-3
33.0
34.6
18.1
18.4
17.9
18.4
41.9
41.4
44.8
44.0
166.6
169.4
170.8
164.9
30.1
33.3
34.0
32.5
68.3
65.9
68.0
64. 1
16.6
16.7
15.9
15.4
21.7
21.1
2 0.8
20.6
80.7
81.5
88.9
84.8
63.6
64.5
68.7
6b.0
265.9
262.8
243.9
241. 1
113.9
113. 1
105.0
10 3.9
149.7
152.0
138.9
137.2
329. 1
325.0
29 4. 5
291. 1
28.1
28.6
27.4
27. 1
92.0
90.5
80.9
79.8
147.9
145. 1
131.5
130.0
118.6
117.3
123.9
119.8
25.0
22.7
24.6
23.7
56.9
62.0
55.2
59.4
1,313.6 1,412.0 1,376.9 1,286.7 1,409.1
645.0
74 0.3
799.1
71 1.6
247.4
313.5
354.4
29 3. 1
39.3
31.6
39.5
37.9
338.9
360.5
379.0
354.8
2 7.1
27.0
26.2
25.8
330.0
328. 1
286.5
277. 1
169.8
143.4
167.5
139.4
84.7
84.3
75.8
72.2
75.5
76.3
67.3
65.5
172.6
172.0
176.8
175.1
131.5
134.6
133.1
131.9
38.0
4 0.5
43.7
43.2
54.2
54.3
48.4
50.2
32.1
32.1
28.6
28.6
23.1
23.3
20.7
20.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by Industry—Continued
[In thousands)
Production workers1
1972
SIC
Code

379
3792
38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842

3911

393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961

399
3993

Aug.
1978

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

Sept.p Aug.
1979
1978

74.8
53.0

74.0
52.2

50.1
29.7

51.6
30.2

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

661.7
65.7
217.7
46.6
48.8
85.8
28. 1
139.4
59.4
62.6
44.5
135.8
30.5

662.0
65.7

229.4
46.2
51.2
92.6
31.4
145.9
61.9
66.2
44.1
141.2
27.9

695.5
73.6
23 0.8
46.9
49.6
95-4
31.7
145.9
61.9
66.3
45. 1
139.2
29.2

698.1

218.5
47.2
49.0
85-6
28.4
139.7
59.3
63.0
44.9
133.9
30.9

692.9
73.0

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

461.9
65.1
43.2
25.5
125.2
65.0
60.2
38.0
63.6
35.4
144.5
48.1

470-6
65.4
43.0
25.9
130.2
68.8
61.4
38.4
65.5
36.9
145.2
48.4

438.6
56.7
35.8
23-6
118.8
58.2
60.6
41.4
54.9
2 8.4

460.9
59.3
37.6
24.1
128. 1
67.0
61.1
41.6
62.0
35.0
145.8
50.1

467.0

143.2
49.6

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

Sept.p
1979

35.4
21.9

37.3
22.7
421.3
36.8
146.6
32.8
25.0
60.7
17.7
94.4
39.1
43.8
33.0
70.3
22.5

422.0

3SL.4
42.1
33.1
69.1
24.0

420. 1
36.7
146.0
32.1
26.9
58.6
17.3
95.6
40. 1
43.8
32.3
71.0
21.2

360.9
48.4
31.3
21.3
101.2
52.9
48.3
27.7
53.1
30.2
109.2
35. 1

331.5
41.0
25.8
19.0
90.7
43.0
47.7
29.8
43.6
22.5
107.4
35.9

352.9
43.5
27.5
19.7
99.0
50.8
48.2
30.0
50.0
28.5
110.7
36.6

360.0

58.2
42.8

57.4
42.1

404.9
32.2
137.9
31.7
25.6
54.9
15.6
92.7
39.7
41.7
32.8
70.2
23.5

406.6
32.7

354.5
48.5
31.9
20.9
97.1
49.9
47.2
27.5
51.5
28.8
109.0
34.8

138.9
32.5
25.5
54.8
16.0
92.8

NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011

2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052

206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254

TEXTILE M I L L PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
.'
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills

1,819.7 1,825.5 1,737.8 1,814.9 1,831.3 1,261.8 1,273.4 1,193.3
295.9
358.3
307.2
367.3
367.7
296.3
358.5
136.4
169.3
134.4
166.0
136.8
165.1
169.6
6 9.8
51.7
5 2.8
70.0
71.4
72.0
52.5
117.9
104.9
104.5
95.8
95.6
118.8
109.2
187.5
188. 1 185.3
101.1
100. 3
188.5
98.0
26.0
25.5
33.4
32.7
25.4
33.5
32.5
118.9
51.4
117.2
117.9
52.0
51.2
118.0
327.1
32 0.8
338.8
209.6
290.4
255.3
278.8
16.9
18.7
24.8
26.4
26.2
28.1
20.0
143.7
99.4
161.5
83.0
156.6
165.4
146.9
45.6
43.6
51.2
57.2
52.1
50.9
58.2
145.5
145.4
145.3
99.0
99.6
146.5
98.0
16.6
16.2
16. 1
26.5
26.5
25.9
25.6
37.7
38.5
37.6
59.9
59.5
59.2
59.2
137.9
137.7
235.7
137.4
235.5
235.1
235.7
192.7
104.5
19 2. 1
103.6
191.9
192.4
102.5
43.0
33.4
43.4
34.1
43.8
42.7
34.9
107.0
75.0
81.1
108. 1
100.2
112.6
86.5
29.1
17.4
20.5
25.9
25.3
32.1
23.5
57.3
42.9
61.2
45.7
59.4
54.3
47.6
41.6
27.8
29.6
38.8
38.8
4 0.4
29.0
238.9
108.9
112.1
235.5
234.8
233.3
110.6
52.6
35.8
50.8
35.6
50.9
51.3
34. 1
140.7
50.0
142.7
51.1
137.2
142. 1
49.5
177.7
126.8
1 75. 9
128.3
174.4
172.0
125.6
72. 1
44.6
900.3

147.2
123.7
20.9

25.8
242.7
28.5
35.4
83.9
34.2

75.7
44. 1

62-1
44.7

903.1
147.6
124.8
20.8
25.8
241.3
28.8
34.9
82.7
34.1

875.5
149.0
123.4
20.2
23.3
227.3
29.7
34.7
7 2.6
32.0

67.6
44.5
889.7
150.7
124.6
21.1
25.3
233.3
30.3
34.7
77.6

33.6

,266.6 1,284.3
30 6.5
135.2
51.3
108.2
101.1
26.2
51.3
272.0
18.7
138.0
49.5
99.4

16.6
38.0
137.8
104.3
33.5
82.5
17.8

49.6

28.1
108.7
35-0
49.9

130.7

69.7

57.4
34.4

61.4
34.3

48.6
34.9

53.8
34.7

55.8

889.9

783.4
132.1
110.5
17.4
22.4
210.0
25.3
32.1
71.9

786.6
132.5
111.6
17.4

762.2

775.0
13b. 6
111.6

776.5

29.4

22.6

208.6
25.7
31.7
7Q.7
29.2

134.2
110.3
16.7
20.3
196.8
26.7
31.5
62.4
27.6

17.6
22.0
202.0

27.1
31.7

66.8
29.0

See footnotes at end of table.




95

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricuHural payrolls by industry—Continued
[InttiouMrnh]
AlltmployMS
1972
SIC
Code

2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

Industry
Aug.
1978

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Circular knit fabric mills
Finishing plants cotton
Finishing plants synthetics

.

.

.

Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats

233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats

Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers

Women's and children's undergarments
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings nee

.

26
261 2 6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals nee .
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins.
Organic fibers noncellulosic

2842,3
285
286

.

Paper mills except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc converted paper products
Envelopes
Paperboard containers and boxes
Foldina DaDerboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes .

Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing letterpress
Commercial printing lithographic
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

...

34.9
78.3
33.3
28.5
61.4
130.3
87.1
21.9
70.0
,337.7
92.3
369.1
108.7
80.7
94.9
442.8
60.0
170.3
68.6
1439
92.4
72.6
19.8
70.0
25.8
60.6
191.8
31.5
52.0
35.9

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug-p
1979

33.6
75.4
31.8
27.7
61.5
126.9
86.0
2 0.8
68.5

32.5
75.9
32.1
27.6
61. 1
13 0.7
88.5
21.5
67.0

,348.1 1,278.7
86.1
91.6
356.8
369.5
101.3
108.2
77.6
80.4
99.5
96.4
424.3
448.0
58.8
61.2
164.6
173.8
65.2
68.8
135.7
144.2
85.5
93.6
67.5
73.6
18.0
20.0
66.6
69.4
26.4
25.6
54.5
60.7
195.4
185.2
28.5
31.3
50.9
52.6
35.1
38.3

,306.9
87.0
369.4
107.3
79.4
102.0
433.6
59.8
168.1
69.0
136.7
90.0
70.6
19.4
65.8
24.3
57.0
185.0
30.4
52.2
33.2

719.6
204.3
174.2
72.3
22 7.5
61.1
24.0
52.2
215.5
, 46.5
108.3
28.3

723.8
204.5
174.4
72.8
230.4
62.6
24.6
52.8
216.1
46.8
108.4
28.2

35.0
79.3
33.2
29.5
62. 1
131.2
87.8
22.1
70.2

96




29.4
66.3
2 7.9
24.3
49.8
118.7
80.5
19.4
56.2

-

,31

Aug.
1978

1.6

-

-

-

, 152.
1
81.1
320.5
94.9
71.0
80.9
383.4
52.7
150.9
58.9
120.9
78.8
63.2
15.6
59.8
23.1
52.5
159.8
27.6
43.4
29.7

Sept.
1978

29.5
67.3
27.8
25.2
50.5
119-5
81.2
19.7
56.6.

July
1979

27.9
63.3
26.5
23.4
50.2
115.2
79.4
18.4
55.2

,161.3 1,088.5
73.7
80.4
306.5
319.9
94.3
88.3
70.7
67.2
82.0
83. a
362.3
388.3
51.2
53.9
144.0
153.7
56.3
59.4
110.8
121.3
71.8
79.9
57.6
64.0
14.2
15.9
57.6
59.5
23.2
23.8
46.7
52.4
153. 1
163.6
24.4
27.5
42.2
44.0
28.9
32.0

Aug.p
1979

26.8
63.8
26.7
23.3
49.8
119.1
82.0
19.0
53.5
1,114.7
74.7
317.2
93.5
68.9
85.5
372.1
52.1
148.2
59.8
112.0
76.1
60.6
15.5
56.6
21.8
48.9
153.0
26.4
43.6
27.0

Sept.p
1979

, 118.

8

:
-

527.9
147. 1
124.2
53.8
160.4
31.2
18.9
39.2
166.6
36.9
79.7
23.5

527.7
145.8
123.3
54.3
160.4
32.4
18.8
39.3
167.2
37.2
79.8
23.2

547.5
154.0
129.8
57.4
169.0
39.4
18.9
40.7
167. 1
37.0
80.5
23.8

550.8
154.0
129.9
57.9
171.7
41.1
19.6
41.0
167.2
37.2
80.6
23.3

551.0
_

1,199.8 1,192.3 1,245.8 1, 245.4 1,247. 1
4 21.8
400.7
422.5
411.8
82.4
82.9
80.3
80.3
101.8
102.8
98.0
99.9
73.2
71.4
73.9
69.9
2 8.6
28.9
28.1
28.5
49.2
48.9
46.4
45.7
410.9
410.4
396.1
391.5
171.6
172.6
170.8
168.0
216.1
217.0
204.0
202.2
48.7
45.6
48.8
44.9
66.1
66.2
62.0
62.2
40.2
40.5
39.8
39.4

67 3.9
166.5
14.5
49.1
25. 1
24.0
27.5
289.0
124.2
147.1
32.1
51.9
28.7

666.3
156.6
14.1
4 7.7
24.1
23.6
28.2
293.1
127.1
148.4
32.5
51.1
29.1

701.2
168.7
14.0
52.7
28.3
24.4
29.2
303. 1
126.9
158.2
34.5
54.8
29.8

702.1
168.6
14.1
51.2
27.1
24.1
29.5
305.0
126.5
159.9
34.5
54.9
29.9

705.6

1,114.8

633.6
94.6
60.3
148.7
52.6
69.6
89.6
68.5
85.4

631.7
93.7
60.0
146.9
51.3
69.2
88.3
67.6
86.9
26.4
38.0
22.5
37.0
86.4

641.1
92.7
59.9
150.3
52.9
70.2
95.2
73.2
83.8
26.3
34.3
23.2
37.6
86.9

638.8
92.8
58.8
149.5
52.3
69.5
94.9
73. Q
83.2
26.2
34.4

637.2

703.8
196.2
167.0
68.9
223.2
57.3
24. 1
49.9
215.5
46.4
107.7
28.2

701.9
194.3
165.5
69.1
222.3
57.5
23.9
50.2
216.2
46.7
107.8
28.0

1,108.0 1,102.7 1,123.0 1,12Q.2
167.4
172.4
171.8
T68.5
111.2
109.2
110.3
110.0
220.4
215.9
219.1
218.
1
86.2
85.0
83.6
85.6
97.6
97.2
96.6
96.6
193.2
188.8
187.2
192.7
154.3
151.3
Pharmaceutical preparations
150.0
153.9
139.0
139.1
Soap cleaners and toilet ooods
140.7
138.8
4 0.9
40.9
Soap and other detergents
41.3
40.8
56.
1
58.2
Toilet preparations...
59.3
56.4
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations...
41.6
42.0
40.0
40.1
Paints and allied products
.
...
71.7
71.0
70.1
71.6
Industrial organic chemicals
166.9
166.2
165.7
166.5

See footnotes at end of table.

Sept. p
1979

721.8

-

-

25.9
37.1
22.4
38. 1
85.7

22.6
37.6
86.6

_
—
-

—
-

—

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

Sett.p
1979

37. 1

3 7.1

37.9

37.9

287
289

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

129.4
65.2
90.8

128.6
65.7
9 0.0

129.0
6 8.7
91.4

128.3
6 8-4
90.9

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

213.5
166.9
35.2

211.6
165.2
35.2

218.0
170.8
3 5.4

219.0
171.7
35-5

216.4

30
301
302
303,4

RUBBER A N D MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . .

753-5
127.8
24.6

761.6
127.5
24.7

767.4
122.4
21.7

76 5.3
120.9
23. 1

764.7

Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

24.0
114. 1
463.0

23.3
114.4
471.7

23-4
116.4
433.5

23.6
115.0
482.7

259.3
22.9
160.3
63.7
64.0
18.0
32.6

257.4
21.8
159.0
64.2
63.2
18.1
32.8

224.7
1 9.8
13 3.6
53.9
51.6
17.4
31.3

244. 1
19.9
148.4
57.3
61.5
17.9
33.5

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

4,951

5,000

5,200

5,206

40
4011

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION
Class I railroads 2.

532.6
489, 1

534.2
490.7

558.4
513.2

563.5
517.9

411
412
413
415

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

219.0
69.9
63.4
38.3
34.2

26 1.8
7 0.9
6 3.6
37.0
76.6

222.5
7 2.0
62.6
39.0
36.4

218.5
72.3
61-9
39.9
32.8

42
421,3
422

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

2865
2861,9

306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

,

WATER TRANSPORTATION

212.7

213.4

234.8

238.4

TRANSPORTATION BY AIR.
Air transportation

405.3
363. 1

406. 1
364.0

430.3
383.6

433.4
386.8

46

PIPE LINES. EXCEPT NATURAL GAS

20.5

19.6

20.2

19.8

47

TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

171.4

172.5

187.9

189.0

48
481
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting . .

49
491
492

ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

493
495

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
50,51
50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507

WHOLESALE TRADE
WHOLESALE T R A D E - DURABLE GOODS . .
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment . .
Furniture and home furnishing
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods . . . .
Metals and minerals, except petroleum

. . . .

Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment

Sept.
1978

July
1979

A ug.
^9^b

p

Sept. p
1979

22.9

23.0

23.9

23.9

62.8
4 0. 1
51.4

6 3.4
41.0
51.5

63.0
4 3.4
51.2

fa2.7
43.0
51.2

140. 1
105.2
27.6

138.7
103.9
27.7

143.2
107.9
27.9

143.8
108.3
23.1

143.0

589.7
9 3.0
21.6

597.2
92.7

599.0
87.3
18.9

596.8
87.0
20.4

597.2

18.0
89.4
367.7

17.3
89.9
375.7

17.6
9 1.6
383.6

17.8
90.5
381.1

24 1.9

22 3.3
19.4
140.4
56.2
56.0
14.1
27.4

221.2
18.5
133.9
56.7
55.0
14.0
27.7

190.2
16-5
114. 5
46.5
4 4.4
13.6
26.6

207.3
16.7
127.0
49.7
52. 1
14.0
28.8

206.0

5,231

4, 157

4, 197

4,359

4,362

4,390

199.3
64.7

241.8
65.7

203. 2
66.9

199.7
67.0

35.3

34.1

36.2

37.0

1,337.5 1,352.2 1,401.8 1,393.4
1,247.3 1,262.0 1,313.7 1,304.4
90.2
90.2
89.0
88. 1

45
451,2

Aug.
197 8

1,186.0 1,198.9 1,240.0 1,231.1
1,137.8 1,120.8 1, 164.4 1, 154.8
78.1
75.6
78.2
76.3

1,259.3 1,257.6 1,318.5 1, 323.5
1,009.4 1,007.3 1,056.2 1, 060.0
191.9
193.4
183.0
183.1
782.5
826.0
793.0
82 6.4
356.8
379. 1
360.0
379.7
165.3
174.3
168.4
174.2
192.4
199.1
195.9
198.7
44.2
47.5
44.3
47.8

15.0

14.2

14.5

14.2

954.6
751.8
144.2

951.1
74 8.0
144.6

995.3
779.3
154. 2

997.8
780.8
155.4

649.6
291.1
138. 4
160.7
39. 1

639-0
287.9
135.3
156.9
39.2

674. 9
306.8
142.8
161. 6
42.2

67 5.3
307.4
142.9
161.1
42.4

17,667

17,675

17,775
4,282

19,622

19,741

20,118

20,123

20,255

17,282

17,391

5,008

5,014

5,208

5,211

5,214

4, 132

4, 133

4,281

4,282

2,918
424. 1
102.3
183-7
64.0
144.7
391.8
233.0

2,920
424.7
103.2
182.2
63.7
144.5
394.7
232.3

3,076
438.9
105.4
190.8
63.8
155.6
414.4
242.9

3,077
439.3
105.7
190.0
63.5
154.9
415.6
244.2

2,405
349.0
82.8
15 3.9
53.3
117.3
322.9
193.8

2,402
348.6
83.4
152. 6
53.0
117.8
324.6
192.9

2,528
358.5
B5.6
160.1
52.5
126.7
338.9
201.6

2,527
358.5
86.0
159.5
52.0
126.2
339.1
20 2.3

S M footnote* at end of table.




97

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers1

Ail employees
1972
SIC
Code

508
509
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

Industry

Aug.
1978

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS—
Continued
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

RETAIL TRADE

Sept.
1978

July
1979

1979

Sept.
1979

1,178.5 1,177.5 1,255.9 1,255.5
197. 1
196-2
2J8.6
208.2

966.7
164.8

2,090.0 2,094.0 2,132.0 2,134.0
134.6
134.6
14 0.8
14 0.3
138.4
139.9
141.2
14 2.8
164. 1
164.7
16 9.8
171.0
640.7
646.1
653.6
654.2
116.7
114.7
117.5
118.0
230.4
22 7.3
223.4
221.3
132.7
132.6
141.6
141.8
390.7
385.5
403.9
404.2
14,614

14,727

14,910

14,912

621.8
336.8
142-3

617. 1
332.2
141.2

637.8
344.3
147.9

632.2
341.4
146.9

Autj.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
197 9

Aug.p
1979

96 3.9 1,027.9 1,026.8
165.6
176.3
176.2

1,727.0 1,731.0 1,753.0 1,755.0
109.2
109.4
114. 1
114.2
11 8. 2
119.4
121.4
122.8
130.7
131.5
134.7
135.8
556.3
56 1.4
56 3.4
562.9
83.5
82.1
85.6
85.9
176. 1
17 2.9
163.7
162.9
113.2
112.7
120.5
120.8
323.7
318.3
334.2
334.4
15,041

13, 150

13,258

13,386

13,393

527.8
286.6
120.8

544. 4
295.4
127.8

540.6
293.b
126.9

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

2 , 2 4 9 . 4 2,286.0 2,181.7 2,165.2
1,831.3 1,86 1.0 1,757.9 1,738. 1
291.9
283,2
275.8
277.2
134.9
133. 1
14 9.9
148.0

2,095.2 2,134.4 2,028.7 2,010.4
1,716.6 1,74 8.5 1,645.4 1,625.0
26 3.3
272.2
254.6
254.5
115.3
113.7
128.7
130.9

54
541
542
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Meat markets and freezer provisioners
Retail bakeries

2,183.4 2,197.7 2 , 2 6 5 . 4 2,260.6
1,913.0 1,921.8 1 , 9 9 5 . 0 1,992.8
49.1
49.1
51.7
51.1
125.3
121.5
124.5
123.0

2,013.5 2,027.1 2,089.0 2,086.8
1,767.9 1,776.1 1,842.3 1,842.2

55
551.2
553
554

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

1,879.6 1,878.9 1,802.4 1,801.4
899.7
898.7
892.0
885.8
262.4
261.5
261.9
264. 1
632.7
561.3
633.8
552.6

1,614.2 1,614.6 1,533.7 1,533.2
752.0
75 2.4
740.8
734.6
228.2
231.4
229.0
228.4
561. 1
481.4
56 1.7
490.8

56
561
562
565
566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings • • •
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

880.4
135.4
334.0
163.8
164.7

893.9
134.2
342.0
164.6
169.0

903.5
138.0
343.5
16 9.7
169.6

911. 1
136.6
345.2
174.0
170.7

76 1.0
115.6
29 0.6
145.5
137.1

772. 0
114.4
296.8
146.0
141.3

776.2
117.6
298.1
148.7
140.0

783.2
116.0
299.8
152.7
141.0

571
572
573

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

590.3
359. 1
86. 1
145. 1

597.2
363.3
86.9
147.0

60 9.7
364.8
90.5
154.4

609.3
364.8
90.7
153.8

489.3
302.5
73.0
113.8

495.1
305.9
73-8
115-4

504.9
306.5
77.2

504.0
306.4
77.4
120.2

59
591
592
594
596

532.4
29 1.1
121.7

111.2

114.9

114.4

121. 2

4,426. 1 4,446.2 4,670.0 4,690.2

4,080.4 4,094.8 4,29 5.7 4,318.0

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

1,782-9 1,809.6 1,839.1 1,841.9
485.3
507.3
488.1
506.9
122-7
136.0
123.2
137.6
531.4
55 3.4
542.4
556.0
272.6
252.9
279.9
256.0
96.0
96.6
97.2
96.2
222.6
238.4
225.8
235.0

1,563.7 1,59 2-1 1,613. 8 1,617.0
44 1.7
461.6
461.7
444.5

4,809

4,779

5,032

5,055

1,443.5 1,434.6 1,504.1 1,510.2
1,318.0 1,310.2 1,372.5 1,378.3

60
602

BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks

61
612
614

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS •
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

522.7
222.1
201.4

522.4
221.8
201.6

553.3
239.7
211.7

55b. 2
240.8
212.4

62
621

SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND
SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers

192.5
155.3

193.1
155.7

207.7
166.3

20 8.7
167.2

63
631

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance

See footnotes at end of table.

98




1, 186.4 1,182.8 1,219.3 1,222-4
520.2
517.8
52 5. 8
526.7

5,023

13,493

113.0

EATING AND DRINKING PLACES

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE ?

Sept.p
1979

454.3
253.9
80.7
186.6

466.0
261.0
81.9
189.9

472. 1
236.7
81.4
199.6

473.5
240.2
81.0
196.7

3,665

3,638

3,841

3,854

1,129.3 1,119.5 1,167.4 1,171.2
1,026.9 1,018.1 1,059.9 1,063.7
402.5
174.2
152.9

401.9
173.5
153.0

425.6
186.1
161.8

428.4
187.1
162.6

827.4
30 9.4

825.8
309.2

858.0
315.5

856.9
314.7

3,813

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricufairal payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
Production workers
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

632
633

INSURANCE CARRIERS—Continued
Medical service and health insurance . . .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance . . .

136-6
455.4

136.1
455-7

137.7
480.0

137.8
481.6

65
651
653
655

INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND
SERVICE
REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdivides and developers

410.2
921.2
431.4
334.5
131.5

410.5
905-6
.425.3
328.6
128.2

431.9
97 9.2
451.8
360.3
142.4

437.6
982.2
454.3
360.6
142.5

66

COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC

67

HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES.
SERVICES

70
701

HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

72
721
723
726

PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

73
731
732
733
734
736
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services

75
753

AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES

27.6

27.3

26.9

27.2

104.7

103.0

109.6

110.8

16,498

16,456

17,314

17,318

1,089. 1 1,016- 1 1,166.0
971.7 1,090.2
1,011.8

1, 167.2
1,086.9

892.3
355.6
276.2
69.3

903.1
357.1

280.0
6 9.4

886.3
35 2.7
274.8
72.4

2,659.9
143.3
77.0
101.5
458.9
454.2
224.9

2,686.7

553.6
350.8

55 7.0
35 1.4

571.9
361.3

258.2

258.8

228.9
80.6
137.3

143.7
77.3
105.0
455-4
474.5
226.7

Sept.p
1979

17,279

886.0
349-2
277.0
72.0

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

110.3
346.9

109.6
346.9

110.4
369.7

11 0.7
36 9.4

14,672

14,628

15,379

15,378

933.9

893.9

317.9
254.8

258.9

318.7

Sept.p
1979

15,337

1,004. 9 1,001.8

314.8
253.5

310.8
255.6

2,314.7 2,343.8 2,466.4 2,499.8
110.2
110.5
105.8
105.6

2,835.2 2,869.2
149.0
149-3
75.8
76.7
102.9
101.4
493.3
488.4
499.6
486.3
260.3
259.2

409.4

441. 3

445.6

183.7

185.2

213.5

215.0

565.6
357.6

475.2
299.6

478.9
300.8

488.6
307. 3

482.1
303.2

278.6

278.2

220.7

221.0

239.0

237.7

219.6
78.0
130.6

22 3.3
73.3
139.2

226. 1
76.2
139.3

201.2

68.2

192.7
66.2

200.5
64.1

202.5
66.8

781.7

833.1

815.6

75 2.0

713.5

76 1.3

739.2

412.4

Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
78
781
783

MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES . . .

801
802
805
806

82
821
822

HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL
SERVICES
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities

820. 1

4,855,
689.
299.
936.
2,572.
442-0

433. 9

473.0

471-0

871.
192.
575.

996.4
224.4
664. 1

906*9
207.7
589.1

892.9
204.4
579.9

984. 1

1,121.2

1, 100.5

1,506.2 1,588.3

1,56*8.0

876.7
477.1
274.1

954.1
525.8
293.2

961.1
527.2
297.2

14,759

15, 132

15,02 0

14,901

15,297

2,793

2,744

2,838

2,813

2,770

2,738.5 2,691.9
905.4
918.6
651-9
649.0
1,170.9 1,134.6
122.2
123.6
71.0
71.9

2,783.0
908.5
665.4

SOCIAL SERVICES

1,041.

MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS .

1,512.

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services . .
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
Executive
Department of Defense .
Postal Service
Other executive agencies
Manufacturing activities
Shipbuilding

4,329.7 4,321.3 4,516.6 4,536.7
593.8
590.1
563.3
56 8.4
274.7
26 1.9
275. 1
259.0
84 3.3
901. 1
84 5.9
89 0.7
2,34 8.4 2,344.9 2,431.0 2,436.0

4,852.7 5,07 3.2 5,09 3.2
687.0
724.6
720.8
301.4
316.9
314.5
934.1
998.6
988.5
2,569.9 2,665. 1 2,668. 1

884.
487.
272-

382.0

374.8

406.3

405.1

735.1
413.9
216.1

726.3
403-3
217.5

79 3.2
44 7.7
233.8

797.0
448.6
235.7

2,760.0
977.0
665.0
1,209. 1 1, 118. 0
122.8
121.8
71.5
71.9

See footnotes at end of table.




99

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
B-2. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued

Production work#r$

All employees
1972
SIC
Code

Industry
Aug.
1978

Executive—Continued
Transportation and public utilities, except
Postal Service
Services
Hospitals
Legislative
Judicial

-

-

STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

-

State government
Hospitals .
State education
General administration including executive,
legislative and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Local education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

_
_
_
-

-

Sept.
1978

48.4
405.2
235.8
41.0
13..0

48.1
392.8
230.0
39.3
13.0

11,966

12,388

3,226.1 3,349.8
552.3
553.2
1,126.3 1,298.2

July
1979

52.2
397.1
229.3
41.2
13.4

52. 1
397-2
228.6
40.0
13.0

12, 182

12,088

1OO




-

12,527

943. 1
910.9
931. 1
92 8.6
8,740.0 9,038.0 8,913.2 8,809.8
573. 1
571.5
593.1
593.3
517.0
515.5
533. 2
534.6
4,299,3 4, 837.0 4,360.8 4,306.1
2,970.2

2,761.4

3,011.3

Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and

exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies.

Sept.p
1979

2,96 8.4

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
197 9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Sept.p
1979

\ —

3,268.5 3, 277.7
562.4
563.7
1,162.3 1, 164.7

Data relate t o production and related workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more.
3 Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this division.
4

Aug.p
1979

._
_
-

-

-

_
-

-

-

-

-

-

* Not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code

Industry

TOTAL
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
METAL MINING
COAL MINING
13
131,2

14
142
144

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS . .
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel

CONSTRUCTION

June
1978

July
1978

May
1979

June
1979

July
1979

35, 493

34, 591

37, 004

37, 134

36, 341

28, 201

28,057

29, 501

29, 780

29,617

78

79

89

93

94

7. 1

7.2

7.9

8.6

8.8

8.4

8.4

8.9

9.2

9.2

54.2

55. 5

63. 1

65.6

66.9

35.6
18.6

36.3
19.2

40.3
22.8

42.3
23.3

43.2
23.7

8.1
2. 5
2.6

8.2
2. 5
2. 6

8.8
2.7
2.9

9.3
2.8
3. 1

9.5
2.8
3.2

341

344

365

379

126.8
77.5
16.9
32.4

126.9
77.3
16.6
33.0

132.2
79.3
17.0
35.9

136.2
81.5
18.0
36.7

140. 1
84.7
17.9
37.5

385

15
152
153
154

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

16
161
162

HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

51.5
14.2
37.3

52.7
14.9
37.8

52.8
16.8
36.0

56.5
18.8
37.7

57.9
19.9
38. 0

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

162.2
44.3
10.0
29.2
18.5
12.9
11.2

164.0
45. 1
10.2
29.4
18.8
13.2
11.2

180.2
47.8
11.7
30. 5
22.0
15. 1
12.6

185.8
48.1
12.6
31. 5
21.9
16.8
13.1

187.3
49.3
13.0
32. 1
22.3
16.2
13. 1

6,274

6, 148

6, 445

6, 534

6, 414

DURABLE GOODS

2, 906

2, 867

3, 080

3, 121

3, 075

NONDURABLE GOODS

3, 368

3,281

3, 365

3, 413

3, 339

109.6
5. 1
21. 5
14.9
44. 1
7.5
10.7
20.7

107.9
5. 1
21. 1
14.7
43.9
7.3
10.7
19.8

114. 1
4.9
22.3
15.3
47.0
7. 5
11.0
21.4

115.9
5.3
22.9
15.7
47.1
7.8
11.4
21.4

114. 1
5.5
22.6
15.7
46.6
7.7
11. 1
20.6

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

141.4
106. 1
45.0
36.3
8.7
10.2
5.0
9.8
10.3

137.4
102.3
43.4
34.8
8.7
10.3
5.0

143.2
106.0
45.3
36.5
8.6
11. 1
5.4
11.0
9.7

140.2
103.2
43.0
35.2
8.7
11.3
5.3
10.8

10. 3

143.7
106.4
45. 1
36.3
8.7
11.2
5.3
10.6
10.2

129.9
46.7
27.8
18.9
11.6
1.7
6.0
15.9
14.9
30. 1

133.9
43.9
2 5.0
18.9
13.6
1.7
6.7
16.4
15. 5
32.8

136.6
44.8
25.7
19.1
14.2
1.8

329

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass contaniers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products

130.4
47.0
28. 1
18.9
11.7
1.7
6.4
16.2
14.7
29.8

16.4
15.8
33.5

135.3
44.3
25.2
19.1
13.9
1.8
6.7
16.0
16.0
33.3

33
331
3312
332

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries

120.5
39.3
30.5
17.5

121.9
40.0
31.4
18.5

134.4
43.5
33.9
21.4

137.7
45.5
35.7
21. 5

136.8
46.8
37.1
20.8

MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-3

DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
243
244
245

249
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
253
254

259
32
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
32&
327

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Mil I work, plywood, and structural members . . .
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products




9.5

6.8

9.6

101

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by Industry—Continued
[In thousand*]
1072
SIC
Cod*

June
1978

Induitry

July
1978

May
1979

June
1979

July
1979

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES —Continued

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
344
3441
344?
3443
3444
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465

3469
347
3471
3479
348
349

3494
3496
35
351
3511
3519
352
3523

353
3531
3533
354
3541
3544
3545

3552
3555
356
3561

3562
357
3573

359

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622

363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641

9.6
1.6
4.0
4.5
1.7
39.5
3.6
4.3

Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

23. 1
14.9
7.2

1. 6
4.2
4. 7
1. 8
39. 1
3. 8
4.0
22. 8
14. 8
7. 1

10. 5
1. 8
4. 7
4. 7
1. 9
43. 0
3. 9
4. 4
2 5. 4
16. 6
8. 0

9. 7

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

346.9
13.5
11.9
62. 1
17. 1
37.9
17.7
70.2

338. 5

362. 0

13. 4

7.0
24.3
14.8
14.6
23.3
12.0
11.3
58.7

6.9
2 3. 7
15.0

13. 7
11. 8
62. 9
17. 3
38. 4
19. 3
72. 2
7. 4

3.5
15. 1
37.8
26.6
19.0

3. 6
14. 4

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Machinery, except electrical, nee

429.2
22.3
5.9
16.4
23.3

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps

836.0
43.4
19.5
23.9
94.2
53.0
28.6
65.8
13*7
5.4
28.2
99.9
23.4

102




7.6
16.7
58.1
21.0
13. 1

17.7
40.5
14.2
9.3
52.4
8.5

14.1

12.6
29.1
6.0

5.1
7.1
57.2
10.4
13.2
120.2
93.5
37.5
24.5
46.7
36.8

,

11.8
60.
16.
36.
17.

3
8
4
0
69. 5

14.
22.
11.
11.

3
8

6
2

56.2
36.0
2 5. 2
17. 6
7. 6
16.7
57. 4
21. 0
12. 8

429. 7
22. 6

23.3
16.2

15. 3

2 6. 3

13. 5
12. 8
59. 8
4. 6
15. 2
37. 9
26. 7
18. 4
8. 3
17. 5
63. 6
23. 3

14.7
471. 0
25.7

16.6

5.8
19. 9

22. 9

26.5

6. 0

17. 8
40.8
14. 2
9. 4
52. 4
8. 6

14.2
12. 6
29. 0
5.9
4. 9
7. 2
57. 0
10. 4
13. 0
122. 0

95.3
37. 0

24.4
46.0
36. 4

82 5.8
42. 6
19. 1
23. 5

93.8
52. 8

28.3
63.8
13. 4
5.6
27. 0
97. 4
23. 3

20. 4

44. 6
14.0
11. 3

57.8

9. 9

16.2
14.0

30. 6
6.5
5. 2
7. 2
61. 8
11. 1
13. 6

134.6
106. 7
40. 7
27. 6
48. 7

36.9
887. 0
44.3

19. 5
24. 8
101. 1
57. 1
29. 9
58. 2
10. 1
4.9

25.5
106. 9
24.6

10.6
1.8
4.7
5.0
2. 1
43.6
4.1
4.6
25.4
16.8
8.1

10. 1
1.8
4.6
5.1
2.2
42.7
4.0
4.6
24.6
16.1
8.0

366.4
13.8
11.9
63.2
17.7
38.3
19.6
73.4
7.7
23.8
16.3
15.5
26.5
13.6
12.9
60.6

358.6
13.8
11.9
.60.9
17.3
36.7
19.1
73.9
7.6
24.2
16.5
15. 5
26.2
13.3
12.9
58.2

4.7
15.3
38.5
27.1
18.5

4. 5
14. 1
37.5
26.0
17.7
8.3
17.7
62.8
23.4
14.3

8.6
17.7
64. 5
23.6
14.9
473.2
25.3
5.8
19.5
26.9
20.8
45.8

14.3
11.6

58.6

10.0
16.0

14.4
31. 1
6.5
5.3
7.4
62.6
11.2

13.9
134.7
108.6
39.1
25.9
49.1
37.3

903.9
45.4
19.8
25.6
102.9
57.6
30.9
59.3
10.4
5.1
25.6
108.0
24.8

476.3
25.2
5.8
19.4
27.0
20.9

46.0
14.3
11.8
58.2
10.2
15.8
14.1
31.4
6.6
5.3
7.4
62.8

11. 1
13.8
139.2
112.5
37.6
24.7
48.9
37.5
893.7
44.2
19.2
25.0

101.5
56.4
30.5
58.7
9.8
5.0
25.9

105.3
24.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricuttural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]

1972
SIC
Code

June
1978

Industry

July
1978

May
1979

June
1979

July
1979

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT—Continued

3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674

3679
369
3694
37
371
3711
3713
3714
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
374
376
3761

Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment

379

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

391
393
394

3942,4
3949
395

396

44.3
60.5

43.4
59.2

45.9

44.6
175.8
72.0
103.8
238.3
16.0
80. 5

2 67.5
16.8
89.7

27. 1

96.7
54.9
26.5

110.8
58.2
27.0

294.0

293.2

134.0

133. 1
51.8
5. 1
74.2

327.0
149.9
58.5
5.9
83.0

175.7
71.9
103.8
240.8
15.8
80.5
98.4
55.7

52.9
,

,
,
,
,

,

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures

5.0
74.0
91.1
52.2
20.3
18.6
23.0
14.4
5.8
18.0
14.9
15.8

92.8
53.5
20. 5

18.8
22.5
14.2
5.6

18.2
15. 1
14.9

48.6
58.0
46. 1
192.8
76.9
115.9

109.8
63.8
23.7
22.3
23.2

14.6
6.2
20.2

16.7
11. 1

49.2
60.0
46.9

48.3
57.9
45.4

195.5
77. 7
117.8
273.8
17.0
91.9
113.3
59.0
27.3

197. 1
78.8
118.3
272.6
17.0
93.0
111.4
56.4
25.9

327.0
149.0
58.2
6.3
82.0
111.4
64.3
24.4
22.7
23.2
15.3
6.3
20.5
16.9

321.6
141.7
55.9
6.2
77.2

113.4
65.6
24.9
22.9
22.9

15.3
6.4
20.8

17.2

9.7

9.6

293.0
22.5
99.2
23.1
16.9
42.9
10.8
76.8
34.2
34.4
25.2
40.8
17.7

279.3
19.3
93.4
24.5
16.7
37.9
9.4
74.5
33. 1
33.1
2 5.0
37.8
19.9

275.9
19.1
92. 1
24.0
16.0
38. 1
9.5
73.3
33.0
32.0
24.6
38.0
19.3

293.9
22. 1
97.9

23. 1
16.9
42. 1
10.3
79.3
36.7
34.3
26.4
39.4
18.5

299.2
22.3
99.6
23.6
16.8
43.2
10.6
80.6
37.2
35.0
26.4
40.9
18.8

218.5
30.7
12.3
66.1
35.7
30.4
20.7
37. 1
51.6

206.6
27.6
11. 5
65.1
34.7
30.4
20.3
31. 7
50.4

212.8
28.3
11.3
62.8
32.1
30.7
22.6
36.8
51.0

217.4
27.8
11.0
65.5
35.2
30.3
22.8
38.2
52. 1

205.4
26.4
10.5
62.1
32.6
29.5
22.7
32.5
51.2

487.3
108.2
26.6
20.8
54.2
38.1
19.7
97.7
8.9
28.6
26.0
28.6
62.9
42.6
20.3
36.7
5.3
36.2
5.7
16.4
73.6

503.9

501.4
117.5
28.2
21.5
60.8
38.5
19.3
99.9
8.5
27.4
29.2
28.8
62.7
42.5
20.2
39.1
5.2
36.7
6.2
17.5
73.0

510.9
118.4
28.3
21.5

16.6
75.2

480.6
111.8
27.3
21.2
56.7
36.9
19.2
93.1
8.7
25. 1
27.0
28.5
62.4
42.4
20.0
38.4
5.2
35.6
5.9
17.0
68.7

22.5
13.5

22.0
13.8

22. 1
13.4

21.6
13.4

21. 1
13.4

NONDURABLE GOODS
20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
205
2051
2052

206
207
208
2082
2086

209
21
211

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages

Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes




,
'.

108.9
27. 1
21.0
54.5
38.2
19.6
111.7
8.4
42.3
23.2
28.5
63.0
42.7
20.3
36.5
5.3

36.6
5.9

61.6
38.8

19.5
109.2
8.5
39.3
25.7
28.8

61.9
41.9
20.0
39.2

5.1
36.7
6.4

17.6
72.8

103

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry-Continued
[In thousands)
1972
SIC
Code

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257

June
1978

Industry

428.3
63.0
49.6

2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetic
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear . . . .
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists . .
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear

226

2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396

8.1
15.6
157.5
21.5
26. 1
59.8
25.3
14.1
24.0
10.0
6.8
24.9
64.6
40.9
12.5
21.0

Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

, 104.0
72.6
320.0
95.9
68.9
83.8
383.0
53.7

148.0
56.7
124.6
81.5
65.0
16.5
62.5
24.5
49.0
121.8
25.0
32.4
18.3

July
1978

416.0
61.9
49.4
7.7

14.8
152.7
20.9
25.6
57.7
24.8
13.3
23. 1
10.0
6.4
24.5
61.7
39.7
12.0
20.2
1, 035.7
68.9
2 96.3
90.7
64.7
73. 1
360.9
50.7
139.9
52.3

118.0
77.2
61.3
15.9
59.4
24.0
44.5
115.3
22.2
31. 5
16.3

May

1979
422,,6
65,, 1
51..6
8.,3

15.6
148.,2
23.,0
2 5,,3
52.,4
24..8
13.,0
23., 5
10.,3
6.2

24.6

64.,7
41. ,2
12. 6
21. 0

1,076. 5
68. 8
309. 8
92. 3
65. 8
84. 7
381. 3

54.8
149. 4

55. 5

121. 6

78. 1
62. 2
15. 9
57. 9
23. 1

45.5
121. 7
23. 3
32. 2

19. 5

26
261,2,6
262
263
264
265

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paperboard containers and boxes

162.3
26.0
23.2
6.1
78.4
51.8

159.4
26.5
23.6
6.2
76.7
50.0

163. 2
2 5. 7
2 3. 0

27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752
276
278

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Bankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

454.7
143.0
47.2
53.8
25. 1
118.4

453.9

478. 9
148. 8
49. 4

279

281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844

2861,9
287

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Gum, wood, and industrial organic
chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

104




.......

6.3
79. 0
52. 2

13.8
31.5
8.3

143.3
47.8
53.4
24.2
116.9
53.0
59.1
13.8
32.2
8.4

260.5
22.4
15.2
44.9
10.3
26.1
75.0
64.0
54.3
9.1
32.3
12.2
24.2

262.2
23.0
15.7
45.2
10.4
26.3
75.2
64. 1
54.8
9.2
32.7
12.2
24.4

269. 6
24.0

19.6
9.1
18.4

19.8

53.9
59.5

8.9

18.5

55.7
2 5. 5
128. 6
57. 4

65.7
15.3

33. 6
8. 8

June
1979

427.7
65.5

51.9
8.2
15.8
151.7
23.6
25.8
53.9
25.3
13.3
23.3
10.2
6.4
25.1
65.3
41.5
12.8
20.9
1,078.9
68.7
311.9
94.0
66.5
84.5
380.7
55.0
148.2
57.9
119.6
78.3
62.4
15.9
58.9
23.3
45.6
121.5
24.2
32.8
18.0

July
1979

414.0
65.0
50.9
7.8

13.8
146. 1
23,0
25.1
51.2
24.0
13.2
22.6
10. 1
6.1
25.0
62.2
39.9
12.0
20.6
1, 032.5
66.3
300.4
88.4
64.3
83.3
361. 1
51.8
142.3
53.3
113.7
73.9
59.0
14.9
56.9
22.9
42.5
118. 1
22.7
32.3
17.3

167.3
27.0
24.0
6.5
80,4
53.4

164.8
27.3
24.3
6.6
79.0
51.9

482.6
151.6

48 5.4
153.3
50.0
55.0
26. 1
127.3
57. 1
65.1
15.6
34.7

49.9
55.0
25.8

127.3
57.3
64.7
15.6
34.8
9.0

9.2

24.4

275.6
25.0
16.6
47.5
11.4
27.1
79.8
68.0
55.8
9.3
32.8
13.0
24.8

275.7
25.4
16.8
47.7
11.5
27.0
79.4
67.4
55.6
9.3
32.9
13.2
24.7

19. 6
10. 0
19. 1

20.0
10.2
19.5

19.9
10.1
19.6

16. 1
46. 5

10.8

26. 6
78. 1
66. 6

54.8

9. 0
32. 3
12. 7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry—Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

29
291

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining

30
301
302
303,4

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose

and belting
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES

411
412
413
415

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Taxicabs
Intercity highway transportation
School buses

42
421,3
422

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

44

WATER TRANSPORTATION

45
451,2

TRANSPORTATION BY AIR

June
1978

July
1978

May
1979

June
1979

July
1979

25.4
20.6

2 5.5
20.7

25.9
20.9

27.2
22.1

27.6
22.3

ZbZ.l
12.2
14.0

2 54.7
12.0
12.3

273.1
12.6
13.5

276.4
12.0
13.8

271.4
12.0
12.6

6.6
40. 1
189.3

6.3
38.8

5.9
41.7
199.4

6.3

6.2

41.6
202.7

41. 0
199.6

154.5
3. 1
103.1
38.8
43.7

135.4

21.5

152. 1
3. 1
101.9
38.4
42.7
9.6
23.6

9.7
24.3

2.9
88.2
33.6
35.8
9.6
22.3

1, 137

1, 124

1,216

1,242

1,227

54.6
9.1
6.9
4.5

33,3
9.0
6.9
4.7

60.9

57.2
10.5
7.3

31.7

10.6

10.6
7.4
4.5
35.7

4.6
32.2

36.3
10.7
7.1
4.7
11.7

142.6
127.4
15.2

142.8
127.5
15.3

152.3
136.3
16.0

156.7
140.6
16. 1

157.3
141.0
16.3

18.5

18.3

19.0

19.8

20.4

124.8
118.0

126.7
119.9

126.4
118.9

136.5
128.8

136.8
129. 1

160.9
3.3
109.8
42.4
44.7
9.4
23.4

185.3
147. 5
3. 1
100.7
37.9
42.0
8.9

Air transportation

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.2

77.6

76.9

83.0

85.9

86.5

563.0

569.7
501. 1
53.3

611.4
535.8

618.4
542.0

58.9

59.7

619.9
543.0

133.9
59.3
33.8
31.8
4.4

135.0

139.2
62.6
34.8
32.2

142.9
64.1
35.8
33.2
4.7

144.9
64.8
36.4
33.7
4.8

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

8, 251

8, 217

8, 658

8, 603

WHOLESALE TRADE

1,233

1,226

1, 313

1, 310

72 6
94.9
38.3
32.2
22.3
28.0

46
PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS
47
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES

48
481
483

491
492
493
495

50
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508

509
51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518

519

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Radio and television broadcasting
ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment . .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods
WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS .
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods




495.1
53.1

59.3
34.5
32. 1
4.4

670
89.0
35.4
28.9
22.9
25.6

668
87.9
35.2
28.8
23.4
25.5
106.1
61.1
2 53. 1
48.6

106.3
61.7
2 54.7
47.0

565
38.9
59.2
78.7

556
38.8
58.3
76.9

154.5
28.3
47. 1
19.2
107.0

148.9
29.0
47.7
19.3
107. 1

4.6
8, 635
1,299
717
94.4
38.0
32. 1
21.5
27.7
115.8
66.4
271.8
49.0
582
41. 1
63.8
80.5
142.9
30.0
48.2
20.7
116.9

59.8

116.7
67.2

726
94.5
37.9
32.2
22. 1
28.1
116. 1
67.9

276.7
49.6

279.2
48.0

587
41.5
63.8
81.1
147.4
30.5
49.3
20.7
117.4

584
41.4
63.6
81.2
146. 1
30.4
49.5
21.0
117.6

105

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry-Continued

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

RETAIL TRADE .

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials . . .
Hardware stores

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores . . .

54
541
542
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
,
Meat markets and freezer provisioned .
Retail bakeries

55

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

551,2
553
554

562
565
566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES . . .
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

571
572
573

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHING
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores . . . .

56
561

EATING AND DRINKING PLACES

591
592
594
596

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores . . .
Liquor stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores .
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
60
602
61
612
614

65
651
653

June
1979

July
1979

7, 018

6,991

7, 336

7, 345

7, 293

146. 5

58. 8
48. 9

146. 1
59. 6
48. 8

156. 6
61. 8
51. 9

154.7
62.5
52.5

153.4
62.8
52.7

1, 517. 4
1, 210. 8
219. 0
87. 6

1,510. 7
1, 207. 1
216. 9
86. 7

1,479, 9
1, 172. 4
217. 1
90. 4

1, 473.0
160.0
216.3
96.7

1, 462.2
1, 149.7
214.8
97.7

891. 7
741. 4

886. 8
740. 4
14. 3
72. 2

935. 0
785. 1

937.4
789.0
17.3
74.8

937.6
793.9
17.3
72.7

299. 7
120. 3

313. 9
127. 6

116. 9

303. 1
121. 1
46. 6
119. 6

318.2
127.2
48.2
125.2

312.8
125.5
47. 5
122.7

602. 5
57. 9
295. 5
119. 0
66. 1

596. 1
57. 9
290. 4
118. 4
65. 2

637. 3

635. 6
60.5
310.3
127.4
72.8

625. 1
60.0
303.0
127. 1
71.7

184. 2
124. 6

195. 6
128. 7

23. 3
36. 3

183. 1
124. 8
23. 0
35. 3

23. 3
43. 6

197.4
128.5
24. 6
44.3

197.3
127.9
24.6
44.8

2, 454. 7

2, 449. 1

2, 630. 6

2, 654. 0

2, 636.5

921. 4
281. 7

915. 5
283. 3
25. 9
310. 8
150. 8
21. 0
104. 2

986. 9
303. 7

974.4
308.6
33.4
334.0
140.5
21.8
115.3

967.9
309.9
33.5
333.6
139.0
21.6
110.6

14. 3
73. 5

47. 0

25. 4

312. 3
152. 0
21. 2

109. 3

16. 7
74. 5

47. 1

123. 1
59. 6
314. 1
126. 2
74. 0

34. 1

334. 6
142. 8
22. 4

128. 7

2, 897

2, 915

1, 047.3
964. 0

1, 053.8
969.7

355.7
170. 6
121.5

361.2
173. 7
123.2

363.5
174.9
123.9

73.2
57.7

78. 1
61.9

80.2
63.4

81.3
64.2

693.8
270.2
98.4
275.4

700.7
272.4
98.5
279. 1

726.4
276.2
99.7
299. 1

733.5
279.0
99.9
302.5

736.5

INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS,
AND SERVICE

244.7

247.4

260.3

263.2

263.9

REAL ESTATE
Real estate operators and lessors .
Real estate agents and managers .
Subdivides and developers

321.4
129.5
143.3
32. 1

325. 1
132. 1
144.5

330.6
130.2
153.2
29.7

338.2
134.0
156.0
30.7

342.8
135.8
158.3
31. 1

2, 743

BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks .

987.2
908.8

993.4
914.3

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS .

332.0
158.8
112.7

335.0
160.6
113.2

72.5
57.4

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance .

Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC .
HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES.

SERVICES
70
701

May
1979

July
1978

2, 719

SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS,
AND SERVICES
Security brokers and dealers
63
631
632
633

June
1978

HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES .
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

106



16.8
50.3
9,401
551.4
524. 7

31.9
17.0
51.0
9, 402
580.9
542. 1

2, 856
1, 033. 1
950.9

281.2
99.8
303.7

16.9

17. 3

17.0

54.4

55.6

56.2

9,895

9,977

9,979

552.0
532. 7

605. 0
578.6

636.2
593.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
B-3. Women employees on nonagricuttural payrolls by industry—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
SIC
Code

June
1978

Industry

72
721
723
726

PERSONAL SERVICES
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services . . . .
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories

73
731
732
733
734
736
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, stenographic
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Computer and data processing services

75
753

AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES .

604.4
22 5.7
246.9
17. 9
1, 091.3
62.2
58.5
47.2
159.6
251. 1
100.8

MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters

,

AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
801
802
805
806

HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES

May
1979

June
1979

July
1979

595.9
223.3
244. 0

610.9

605. 1

224.6
2 50.2

224.

17. 9

18.8

18. 9

19. 1

, 104.7
65.0
58.5

1, 196.2

1,213. 0

67.6
57.4

68. 5
56.7

47.9

51.7
170.2
282.7
119.6

50.6
175.7
286. 5

1, 209. 9
69.0
56.9
50. 5

120.2

122.0

94.8
43.2

95.0
43.3

96.4
45.2

160.3
2 56. 1
103.4

0

247. 6

597.6
220. 5
247.4

174.2
281.9

89,5
41. 5

40.8

49.2

48.5

56.4

58.0

58.5

80. 6
20.6
54. 1

84. 1
21.4
56.9

81.5
21.0
54.7

83. 6
20.9
56.8

84.8
21.3
57. 5

308. 3

314.6

299.1

3,915.7
535. 3
2 57.2
820.0

3, 92 5.8
537.4
2 56.3
824.3
2, 064. 9

4, 062. 3
556. 5
2 70.7
860. 5
2, 111.2

Automotive repair shops

78
781
783

July
1978

2, 059. 1

327.2
4, 118.4
563.0
2 74. 1
877. 6
2, 137.9

333. 1
4, 123.2
563.0
269.7
880.4
2, 146.7

308.9

310.6

323.7

330.6

330. 5

494.4
148.0
287.4

437. 1
120.9
2 58.9

550.9
146.5
338.7

485.8
139.8
281. 5

442.2
123.8
255.9

82
821
822

EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities

83

SOCIAL SERVICES

706.8

728.9

782.7

776.

7

789.7

MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

260.2
92.2

260.3
93.1
114.3

281.0
12 5.3

285.8
102.9
126.0

286.6
104.3
12 5.3

6, 534

7, 503

7, 354

6, 724

99.5

115.9
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
State government
•
Hospitals
State education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
Local education
General administration including executive,
legislative, and judicial functions

7,292

897

871

890

895

5, 637

6, 632

6,464

5,829

1,478.9
313.7
550.5

1, 417.0
312.7
485.8

1, 539.0
331.0
637.3

1,464.6
330,6
557.8

1, 418.6
327.2
509.6

42 3.6

421. 5
4, 220.4

385.3
5, 092.6

76.8
397.8
2, 536.9

384.8
4, 999. 3
88.6

385.5
4, 410. 7
88.5
418.7

3, 509. 7

888
6,404

4, 924. 8
75.4
395.3
3, 300. 1

959.8

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these




1, 004.2

88.0
408.6

894.0

415.2
3, 351.0

2, 679.4

935.9

1,000.3

revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

107

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1979

1973
Industry division and group

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Mar.

Apr.

Sept.p

July

May

TOTAL

8 7 , 0 3 2 87,424 87,840 88,133 30,433 88,700 89,039 89,036 89,398 89,626 89,713 39,713 89,853

GOODS-PRODUCING

2 5 , 7 6 7 25,941 26,120 26,272 26,382 26,4 48 26,627 26,565 26,651 26,674 26,723 26,595 2b,615

MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOOOS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastic products . . .
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

904

910

919

922

927

9 37

940

940

944

949

956

965

974

4,352

4,398

4,429

4,469

4,497

4,4 86

4,614

4,559

4,643

4,o62

4,688

4,663

4,655

20,511 20,633 20,772 20,881 20,958 21,025 21,073 21,0t>6 2 1 , 059 21,063 21,079 2 0 , 9 6 2

20,986

12,308 12,419 12,510 12,583 12,640 12,715 12,751 12,752 12,739 12,760 12,786 12,721 12,753
762
760
751
753
757
761
76 9
768
765
760
752
768
748
487
435
486
43 3
4 85
490
49 3
494
497
49 2
490
483
4 96
715
711
715
709
711
718
714
710
709
704
701
698
712
1,254
1,242
1,257
1,242
1,256
1,259
1,247
1,260
1,250
1,242
1,229
1 ,222
1,256
1,730
1,718
1,737
1,732
1,73 0 1 ,716
1,718
1,732
1,678
1,725
1,706
1,692
1,7 33
2,344
2,369 2,302 2,404 2,419 2,437 2,450 2,465 2,471 2,484 2,500 2,495 2,499
2,011
2,025 2,037 2,050 2,065 2,079 2,093 2,101 2, 106 2,124 2, 131 2,094 2,105
2,004
2,03 7 2,057 2,063 2,069
2,094 2,09 4 2,084 2,077 2,057 2,073 2,082 2,085
638
697
693
685
674
661
695
694
689
679
67 0
666
6 82
451
449
451
458
458
4 54
451
450
455
459
4b0
458
4 58
8,203
1,701
63

8,214
1,708

898

897
1,330

1,332
698
1,191
1,093

209
750
258

69
692
1 ,199
1,098
210
755

256

8,262
1,72 5
69
897
1,330
70 0
1,212
1, 102
210

76 3
254

8,298
1,736

69
899
1,333
703
1,218
1,106
211
770
253

8,318
1,735
68
900
1,339
706
1,225
1,109
211
774
251

3,310
1 ,729
68
899
1 ,327
711
1,229
1 ,108
212

779
248

8,322
1,73 6
69
89 7
1,324
716
1,23 2
1,108
213
78 0
24 7

8,314
1,7 23

69
892
1,325
717
1,234
1,111
213
244

8,320
1,725
70
893
1,324
714
1,236
1,114
213
784
247

8,303
1,720
69

892
1,312
715
1,242
1,119
212
775
247

8,293
1, 707
68
892
1,324
718
1,25 0
1, 116
212
777
229

8,241
1,701
62
885
1,300
717
1,247
1,110
214
763
242

8,233
1,707

63
885
1,296
717
1,246
1,110
214
753
242

61,265 61,483 61,720 61,861 62,051 62,252 62,412 62,471 62,747 62,952 62,990 63,123 63,238

4,941

5,014

5,038

5,054

5,071

5,094

5,116

5,024

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

19,653 19,744

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

5,134
5,138
5,118
5,054 5,077
5,102
5,025
4,999
14,654 14,719 14,775 14,781 14,863 14,898 14,92 0 14,950

5,130

5,190

5,169

5,190

5,169

19,829 19,858 19,965 23,016 20,054 2 0 , 0 8 8 20,129 20,116 20, 122 20,112 20,164
5,156
14,973

5,180
14,936

5,198
5, 182 5,185
14,940 14,927 14,966

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
p=preliminary.

108




4,958

4,972

5,005

5,018

4,915

4,9 36

16,423 16,464 16,554 16,630 16,670 16,763 16,833 16,880

16,954

17,051 17,092 17,147 17,245

15,474 15,468 15,472 15,472 15,477 15,495 15,510 15,564

15,598

15,637 15,635 15,669 15,642

2,734 2,758 2,757 2,757 2 , 7 5 8
2,757
2,760
2,755
12,719 12,708 12,715 12,738 12,719 12,738 1 2, 75 3 12,806

2,770
12,828

2,781
2,78 5 2,782
2,788
12,849 12,850 12,887 12,861

4,774

4,793

4,827

4,847

4,86 8

4,884

4,89 9

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
tin thousands]

1978

1979

Industry division and group

July

TOTAL

.

Sept.

Oct.

No V .

Dec*

35,328 35,435 35,577 3 5 , 748 3 5 , 9 5 1 36 ,074

GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING

Aug.

.

.

6,649
.

.

CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING

6,667

6,684

6 , 735

6 , 781

b

,827

Jan.

Feb.

36 271 36 ,385
865

6 ,877

Apr.

flar.

3 6 , 517
6 , 899

June

May

July

36,669 36,789 3 6 , 916 3 7 , 102
6,920

6,939

6 , 960

6 , 971

78

79

80

81

82

33

84

85

87

87

89

91

92

338

339

34 0

342

343

345

350

353

357

362

367

374

379

6,233

6,249

6,264

6 , 312

6 , 356

0

,399

6,431

6 ,439

6 , 455

6,471

6,483

6 , 495

6 , 500

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furnitures and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries '
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

2,899
107
143
129
122
343
432
838
29 3
278
214

2,907
107
143
129
123
343
434
839
294
280
215

2,927
108
143
129
125
34 5
438
842
300
28 1
216

2 , 960
1 09
144
130
126
349
444
849
309
282
218

2 , 985
110
145
130
127
352
446
855
315
286
219

3 ,012
1 12
146
132
129
355
453
863
318
286
218

3 ( 029
112
146
13 1
130
357
456
87 0
320
28 9
2\8

3 ,053
113
146
132
131
360
460
877
326
291
217

3, 06 9
114;
145
134
131
361
464
884
326
293
217

3,082
1 14
145
134
134
361
469
887
326
294
218

3,087
114
144
134
134
362
47 3
892
326
295
213

3 , 102
113
145
135
138
363
473
902
323
296
214

3 , 109
113
146
134
137
363
479
907
321
296
213

NONDURABLE GOODS

3,334
4 95
26
424
1,077
1o0
455
260
25
262
150

3,342
488
24
424
1,002
160
459
260
25
264
156

3,337
486
25
424
1,083
159
458
26 0
25
260
157

3 , 352
49 3
26
424
1 , 081
159
462
262
25
2 64
156

3 , 371
503
25
424
1 , 080
160
467
264
25
269
154

3 ,3 87
509
26
425
1 ,081
161
470
266
25
271
153

3 , 402
512
25
425
1 , 087
163
474
268
25
271
152

3 ,386
507
25
424
1 ,075
163
4 76
268
25
273
150

3 , 386
509
25
423
1 , 071
165
477
268
25
273
150

3,389
508
26
422
1,0 72
165
4 79
269
26
273
149

3,396
511
26
422
1,072
164
479
27 1
26
275
15 0

3 , 393
511
25
424
1 , 062
164
482
273
27
275
150

3 , 391
502
24
422
1 , 073
165
487
274
27
279
138

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . . .
Leather and feather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING

28,679 28,763 2 8 , 8 9 3 2 9 , 013 2 9 , 170 29 , 2 4 7

2 9, 40 6 29 , 5 0 8

2 9 , 618

1 , 195

1 ,205

1 , 209

1,202

1,214

1 , 233

1 , 236

8 ,423

8 , 526

8 ,552

8,595

8,627

8,673

8 , 670

8 , 684

1 ,279
7 ,144

1 , 286
7 , 240

1,290
7 ,262

1 , 297
7 , 298

1,297
7,330

1,307
7,366

1 , 310
7 , 360

1 , 317
7 , 367

2 , 787

2 ,802

2 , 817

2 ,826

2 , 837

2,850

2,862

2 , 880

2 , 892

9 , 581

9 ,640

9,67 2

9 ,710

9 , 754

9,798

9,846

9 , 398

9 , 939

7, 183

7 ,203

7 , 196

7 ,215

7 , 223

7,2 72

7,255

7 , 275

7 , 380

874
6 , 309

866
6 ,337

86 3
6 , 333

862
6 ,353

86 2
6 , 36 1

861
6,411

866
6,38 9

875
400

874
6 , 506

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

1,132

1,142

1,149

1 , 163

1 . 170

1 , 179

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE ..

8,294

8,332

8,357

8 , 400

8 , 449

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

1,232
7,062

1,238
7,094

1,242
7 , 115

1 , 262
7 , 138

1 , 271
7 , 178

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

2,721

2,738

2,749

2 , 767

SERVICES

9,365

9,436

9,469

9 , 512

GOVERNMENT

7,167

7,120

7 , 169

7 , 171

876
6,29 1

878
6,242

877
6,292

877
6 , 294

FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

1
The unadjusted data are shown because the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle
and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




29,749 2 9 , 8 5 0 2 9 , 956 30. 131

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

109

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-6. Production or nonsupervisory workar*1 on private nonagricuftural payrofe by industry division and major
manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
[In thousands]

1978

1979

Industry division and group

Sept.

TOTAL PRIVATE

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Apr.

Hay

July

Aug.P Sept.

58,570 58,876 59,248 59,470 59,688 59,883 60,161 60,051 60,326 60,495 60,544 60,474

GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION

18 # 872

19,016

683

688

19,163 19,289
695

697

19,372

19,409 19,555

19,475

19,542

707

707

708

708

3,574

3,695

3,633

3,722

3,732

15,085 15,128 15,153 15,134

15,112

15,096

700
3,587

60,590

19,537 19,560 19,419

19,437

713

723

729

3,757

3,731

3,710

15,090 14,965

14,998

709

3,470

3,512

3,535

3,571

14,719

14,816

14,933

15,021

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

8,819
639
401
553
960
1,273
1,541
1,317
1,384
406
345

8,908
643
403
555
968
1,285
1,559
1,326
1,411
409
349

8,983
649
404
559
980
1,296
1,567
1,338
1,42 8
412
350

9,042
654
406
563
985
1,306
1,585
1,346
1,434
414
349

9,085
656
408
56 2
987
1,310
1,595
1,360
1,439
418
350

9 , 138
655
4 06
564
992
1 ,317
1,610
1 ,369
1 ,456
421
348

9,158
657
404
56 9
99 5
1,315
1,615
1,378
1,455
422
348

9,146
649
401
563
995
1,314
1,625
1,384
1,446
423
346

9,119
649
397
564
987
1,310
1,628
1,384
1,438
421
34 1

9,123
646
395
565
991
1,316
1,632
1,393
1,417
424
344

9,12 4
64 3
398
560
988
1,309
1,64 1
1,395
1,426
422
34 2

9,056
640
395
557
973
1,293
1,631
1,363
1,438
422
344

9,090
647
394
558
976
1,296
1,641
1,367
1,445
422
344

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . .
Leather and leather products

5,900
1,156
55
73 1
1 ,146
524
664
629
136
587
222

5,908
1,161
55
781
1,143
520
672
629
137
590
220

5,950
1,176
55
783
1,142
526
681
632
138
599
218

5,979
1,189
55
783
1,142
530
685
635
138
606
216

6,000
1 , 191
55
785
1, 149
532
690
637
138
609
214

5,990
1,184
54
783
1,137
537
6 94
6 3d
139
614
212

5,995
1,191
55
781
1,131
54 2
696
635
139
614
211

5,988
1,187
56
777
1,131
543
695
636
140
614
208

5,993
1, 184
56
778
1,133
541
700
636
139
616
210

5,973
1,181
55
in
1,122
541
701
640
139
607
210

5,966
1, 170
54
778
1,130
54 7
707
639
138
609
194

5,909
1,160
49
770
1,108
545
705
634
139
594
205

5,908
1,165
50
771
1,104
547
703
635
140
587
206

MANUFACTURING

SERVICE-PRODUCING

39,698 39,860 40,085 40,181 40,316 40,4 74 4 0,606 40,576 40,784

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

40,958 4 0,984 41,055 41,153

4,248

4,268

4,197

4,293

4,345

4,334

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

17,322 17,392

17,468 17,487 17,578

17,618

17,648 17,662

17,691

17,689 17,681 17,676

17,704

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

4,117
4,142
13,205 13,250

4,157
4,175
13,311 13,312

4, 194
4,206
13,384 13,412

4,222 4,221
13,426 13,441

4,237
13,454

4,257
4,255 4,256
4,265
13,432 13,426 13,420 13,439

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table 8-2.

p = preliminary.

110




4,143

4,206

3,634

3,647

14,599

14,615

4,228

3,676

4,235

3,690

3,705

14,713 14,769

14,785

3,716

4,283

3,729

3,743

3,756

14,872 14,946 14,974

15,044

4,351

3,777

4,333

3,808

3,809

15,141 15,182 15,226

15,306

3,78 8

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT
B-7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased

Year and month

Over 6-month span

Over 1-month span

Over 3-month span

Over 12-month span

January..
February•
March. ...

77.0
70.3
69.2

85 .8
84 .3
82 .3

86.9
85.8
79.4

84.0
83.7
85.2

April.
May. . .
June..

70.6
59.6
51.7

73 .8
64 .8
62 .5

72.4
67.7
71.5

77.6
82.6
80.2

July
August. . . .
September.

59.0
54.4
68.9

56.4
68.3
55.8

60.8
66.9
68.6

7 8.2
77.3
78.8

October. .
November.
December.

47.4
65.1
66.0

66.9
62.2
78.8

73.8
77.9
78.2

79.4
80.8
82.6

January.«
February.
March. . . .

73.0
67.2
72.4

80.
84.
82.6

86.3
84.6
84.0

80.5
81.4
82.8

April.
May. . .
June..

71.5
70.3
65.1

81 ,
76,
72,

82.3
79.1
77.6

84.6
85.2
86.6

July
August
September.

70.3
57.8
67.2

70.3
70.9
67.7

75.
76.
79.7

84.9
83.1
83.1

October. .
November.
December.

64.2
73.3
75.3

76,
79.
79.4

80.5
84.0
82.3

82.8
81.1
82.0

January. .
February.
March

68.3
69.2
69.5

80.2
75.6
77.3

83.1
79.1
77.6

81.4
83.1
81.1

April.
May. . .
June..

68.0
57.8
66.6

69.8
67.2
66.6

73.5
72.7
71.2

82,
81,
82.3

July
Augus t• • • •
September.

64.5
60.5
62.5

69.5
67.2
71 .2

73.0
77.3
79.7

81,
78.
77.9

October. .
November.
December.

73.0
75.9
74.4

78.2
81 .1
82.3

82,
82.
80.5

73.5
76.2
71.8

January. .
February.
March. . . .

70.3
65.1
60.5

76.5
72.1
57.8

74.1
67.4
61.9

71.8
69.5p
67.7p

April.
May...
June. .

44.8
54.7
57.0

55.2
51.5
58.4

58.1
50.9p
50.Op

July
August
Septembe r.

61 .6
48.3p
55.5p

55.2p
54.7p

1976

19 7 7

1978

1979

October. .
November.
December.
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p - preliminary.




NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these revisions, establishment data in this
table may differ from data published earlier. See article in this issue for
additional information.

111

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8.

Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division

(In thousands)
ManufKtwim

Totri
Ststoi
AUG
1979P

ADG
1978

JOLT AUG
1979 1979P

AUG
1978

JULY AUG
1979 1979P

AUG
1978

JULY
1979

AUG
1979P

1,361.6 1,358.2 1,351.5
359.3
356.7
356.2
121.6
120.2
118.7
146.8
145.3
148.1
108.2
107.7
104.U
48.2
48.6
48.5

16.0
9.0

d)

15.9
9.0
(1)

(1)
(1)
1.1

(1)
1.3

84.2
25.9
4.7
12.1
6.9
3.3

81.8
23.5
4.6
12.5
8.0
3.3

81.0
23.6
4.7
12.1
8.1
3.2

369.4
70.1
34.9
31.0
15.8
9.1

362.7
69.6
35.9
28.8
16.3
9.0

361.7
68.6
35.1
28.7
16.3
9.1

174*8

5.8

5.5

15.0

11.8

12.7

17.7

16.5

18.1

71.6
45.2
12.5

79.5
51.4
13.9

79.2
51.0
14.1

127.2
92.9
16.0

140.0
103.0
18.7

140.8
103.2
18.8

39.9
3.3
3.1
9.6
2.5

41.9
3.5
3.5
10.2
2.1

41.7
3.5
3.4
10.4
2.1

219.2
18.4
24.8
31.6
6.3

216.9
19.0
24.5
31.3
6.3

214.3
19.0
23.5
30.9
6.3

AUG
1978
1 ALABAMA . . .
Birmingham .
Huntsville . . .
Mobile
Montgomery
6 Tuscaloosa

JULY
1979

d)

16.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.4

7 ALASKA

179.3

170,7

5.3
8ARIZONA . . .
Phoenix
Tucson

872.
542.
157.4

932.5
580.7
166.8

932.7
581.0
167.0

19.4
.2
5.9

21.8
.2
7.0

22.0

10

11 ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

732.0
60.9
67.1
173.7
30.5

744.4
62.2
66.7
178.9
30.5

743.8
62.8
65.6
178.4
30.4

4.9
(1)
.8
(1)
(1)

5.4
(1)
.8
(1)
(1)

(D

16 CALIFORNIA
9,295.
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove. ..,
755.
Bakersfield
122.
Fresno
175.
Los Angeles-Long Beach
3,426.
Modesto
92.
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura . . .
136.
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario . . .
403.
Sacramento
375.
Salinas-Seaside-Monterey
84.
San Diego
599.
San Francisco-Oakland
1,491,
San Jose
599.
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc .
111.
Santa Rosa
84.
Stockton
119.
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
96,

9 , 6 3 1 . 4 9,679.1
800,
803.7
126,
1?5.2
182,
184.3
3,559.2 3,555.4
89.
96.3
138,
136.0
424,
424.1
390,
396.4
85,
84.9
624,
627.4
1,534.1 1,534.3
627.
634.4
114,
111.5
86.
86.0
118,
123.9
98.
97.6

37.7
2.3
10.1
.9
11.5
.1
2.3
2.3
.4
.6
.7
1.9
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.3

39.4
2.4
10.5
.9
11 . 8
.1
2.4
2.5
.4
.6
.7
2.0
.1
1.1
.5
.1
.3

33 COLORADO
34 Denver-Boulder

1,149.2
725.6

1, 186.6 1,192.5
752.0
757.6

28.6
15.7

31.7
17.9

31.8
17.9

80.3
48.4

82.2
51.5

83.0
52.3

169.4
116.7

180.3
122.4

182.4
123.5

35 CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury

1,356.1 1,397.6 1,389.5
160.7
165.7
166.0
365.2
382.5
380.3
58.9
58.0
58.5
187.3
189.6
188.3
103.5
107.6
107.6
87.3
88.9
90.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

53.8
5-9
13.6
2.4
6.7
5.1
3.5

54.4
6.6
14.0
2.4
6.7
5.4
3.8

54.8
6.7
14.1
2.4
7.0
5.4
3.8

414.0
63.4
84.5
28.0
45.0
3 0.1
32.9

428.1
66.3
92.9
26.9
45.6
30.9
32.9

423.4
66.5
91.7
26.9
43.9
30.9
33.4

246.8
213.1

(1)

(1)
(1)

(D

(11

16.4
15.5

15.6
14.3

15.6
14.3

67.6
61.7

69.1
64.3

66.9
61.2

44 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
45 Washington SMSA

603.4
615.0
612.6
1,476.5 1,507.4 1,499.6

(1)

(1)
(1)

(D

15.7
85.1

15.3
82.4

15.3
81.8

15.3
52.1

15.3
54.0

15.3
53.9

46 FLORIDA
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood .
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton .

3,104.
69.
283.
58.
275.
648.
248.
94.
60.
65,
466.
166.

3,241.0 3,240.3
74.5
72.9
295.3
294.9
61.1
60.6
279.6
281.6
663.1
663.6
259.2
256.5
95.5
95.2
61.8
61.7
66.9
67.2
481.7
479.1
178.6
179.3

9.3
(1)

9.7
(1)
(1)
(1)

9.8

215.2 231.6 233.8
4.6
4.6
4.1
25.0
24.9
22.8
3.5
3.3
3.3
(1)
15.7
15.5
15.8
(1)
35.9
35.3
32.6
(1)
d) 16.1 16.7 17.6
6.7
6.7
6.3
(1)
6.3
6.4
6.6
(1)
3.5
3.5
3.4
(1)
32.5
32.9
31.4
(1)
16.6
16.7
15.3
(-1)

422.7
7.2
35.5
3.9
32.0
95.1
31.3
13.3
6.0
2.4
67.2
22.8

440.4
7.9
38.3
3.9
31.9
96.1
34.1
13.2
6.4
2.5
68.9
25.3

444.4
7.9
38.7
3.9
32.9
96.8
34.1
13.1
6.6
2.5
68.4
25.6

58 GEORGIA
Albany . . .
Atlanta . .
Augusta . .
Columbus
Macon . . .

1,992.8 2,012.2 2,014.8
41.4
43.8
43.7
843.2
858.3
852.9
120.6
121.1
120.9
80.6
81.9
82.5
95.1
94.8
94.9

7.7
(1)

7.8

d)

(1)
(1)

7.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

507.7
10.3
130.0
35.6
20.4
15.9|

516.1
11.3
134.9
36.5
20.8
14.6

515.9
11.4
131.9
36.4
21.0
15.0

DELAWARE .
Wilmington

See footnotes at end of table.

112



248.6
213.4

250.6
217.8

d)
(D

d)

(1)
(1)
(1)

d)
(1)

O)
(1)
(1)

O)

(1)

d)
(1)

d)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

d)
d)
d)

(1)

.2
7.1
5.4

.8
(1)
(1)
442.
39.5
49.
2.3
7,
10.6
12.
.9
111,
11.7
6,
.1
7,
2.4
28.
2.5
23.
.4
3,
.6
40.
.7
71.
2.0
25.
.1
4,
1.1
5
.5
6,
.1
5,
.3

(1)

449.6 457.2 1,931.6 1,973.
213,
50.5
199.5
50.0
7.2
9.5
7.2
9.
13.5
25.5
13.4
25,
116.7
921.
115.8
882.2
6.8
21.
27.5
6.6
7.6
7.7
21.5
20.
30.5
29.9
64.6
66.
26.3
25.7
30.5
28.
3.6
3.6
10.0
10,
41.6
41.3
89.9
98,
7 3.5 73.7
204.5
207,
25.9
25.2
209.2
222,
5.2
5.2
1H.8
15.
5.8
5.5
13.3
13,
6.6
6.5
26.1
21,
5.3
5*3
10.8
11,

(D
(D

100.5
3.4
39.2
7.7
5.4
4.6

95.8
4.1
37.6
6.9
4.9
4.4

96.1
4.0
39.8
6.8
4.9
4.4

2,017.7
214.3
9.9
26.1
920.9
28.8
21.2
67.4
32.0
9.7
98.9
207.6
229.3
15.2
14.4
26.4
11.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)

Tra • i mil
P«•**««• m

Finime*, m a *
mndmaiafti at

WIIBIIHIt and retailtrad*

AOG
1978

JOLT
1979

272.2
84.7
22.0
36.9
24.5
9.4

275.1
87.5
22.7
36.4
24.4
9.3

CiovarauiMnt

SarvicM

AOG

AOG

1979P

t978

JOLT AOG
1979 1979P

275.5
87.8
22.9
36.3
24.4
9.3

58.6
22.9
3.6
7.0
6.0
1.7

59.2
23.3
3.5
7.3
6.1
1-7

1978

JOLT
1979

194.4
62.7
17.8
26.9
18.4
6.0

19*9.2
65.2
18.3
27.2
19.0
5.8

AOG

AOG

1979P

1978

JOLT
1979

200.2
65.3
18.2
27.0
18.9
5.8

295.6
52.7
33.0
23.3
27.8
16.1

292.5
52.3
33.9
23.5
29.3
16.1

AOG

AOG
1978

JOLT AOG
1979 1979P

71.2
28.2
2.7
10.9
5.0
1.8

71.8
28.9
2.7
11.1
5.1
1.7

72.0
29.0
2.7
11.3
5.1
1.7

17.8

17.6

17.9

30.4

29.2

29.8

8.3

7.8

7.8

30.8

30.4

30.7

53.5

51.9

52.5

7

45.0
27.0
8.1

48.4
28.9
8.7

48.6
29.2
8.7

211.1
140.5
35.8

226.0
151.0
37.5

226.3
151.7
37.4

50. 1
38.6
7.1

52.8

17t.1
T06.4
32.8

184.2
115.4
34.8

184.2
115.4
34.8

177.2
91.9
39.2

179.8
90.7
38.5

178.6
90.0
38.4

8

7.7

53.0
40,3
7.7

41.6
3.3
3.3
12.4
3.6

44.1
3.5
3.5
12.8
3,8

43.9
3.4
3.5
12.8
3.8

161.9
14.7
14.8
40.4
6.2

164.2
14,9
14.7
41.8
6,1

165.3
15.1
14.7
41.5
6.0

31.1
2.3
2.4
12.1
1.2

32.2
2.3
2.5
12.3
1.2

32.3
2.3
2.6
12.3
1.2

105.9
8.2
11.0
31.7
4,7

113.2
8.7
11.3
34.7
4.9

113.6
8.8
11.2
34.9
5.0

127.5
10.7
6.9
35.9
6.0

126.5
10.3
5.9
35.8
6.1

127.3
10.7
5.9
35.6
6.0

MvO.1

59.2
23.3
3.5
7.2
6.1
1,7

AOG

1979P
285.9
50.0
33.1
22.7
28.8
16.4

1
2
3
4
5
6

9
10
11
12
13
14
15

517.0 541.4 539.5 2,157.4 2 , 2 6 9 . 9 2,276*5 558.5 587.4 590.0 1 ,977.5 2 , 109.6 2,120.8 1 ,674.0 1 ,660.5 1 ,637.9 16
89.3 17
89.2
91.5
166.6
155.8
166.0
24.0 26.3 26.4
199.6
185.8
201.0 47.3 52.7 53.3
31.8 18
32.8
32.1
21.4
20.4
21.4
4.6
32.7
4.4
4.6
32.1
7.4
31.2
7.6
7.6
36.9 19
37.3
36.1
34.8
33.4
34.5
50.5
9.6
10.1 10.3
48.2
10.2 10.6 10.7
51,1
453.6 20
458.0
451.2
802.8
767.1
800.4
827.2 214.2 218.5 219.3
827.9
192.3 205. 1 203.2
796.4
14.8 21
15.3
15.8
16.5
15.8
16.4
3.1
3.7
22.3
2.8
3.9
3.1
22.1
20.5
3.9
31.1 22
33.5
34.6
27.4
25.7
27.6
6.1
34.1
6.1
34.3
5.8
33.3
6,1
5.8
6.2
91.5 23
93.2
89.0
86.4
81.6
17.8.
86.6
105.2
104.9 17.0 17,7
21.7 23.2 23.1
98.6
126.9 24
128.1
126.7
74.9
68.2
74.3
91.7
86.1
93.2 18.9 20,5 20.7
20.7 21.9 22.0
20.6 25
21.1
20.3
18.9
18.6
18.9
22.4
4
.
1
22.5
4
.
1
3
.
9
5.0
4,9
4.9
22.2
128.2 26
129.3
126.6
145.5
140.0
143.6
149.5 33.5 35.2 35.5
148.9
142.0
26.6 27. 1 27.5
283.7 27
284.3
289.3
339.7
322.7
338.1
359.8
361.0 133.3 139.1 140,0
340.2
127.6 129.6 126.6
75.5 28
77.5
75.8
137.3
130.7
137.0
119.6 23.8 25*2 25.6
114.4
119.2
20.0 20.9 21.1
20.0 29
22.1
22.4
30.4
29.7
30.5
4.9
4.8
4.9
30.3
29.7
30.3
4.4
4.3
4.4
17.8 30
19.2
18.8
16.6
16.3
16.5
5.3
5*3
21.3
21.3
5.2
20.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
25.6 31
26.1
25.2
23.8
22.3
23.6
5.0
27.7
28.0
5.0
4.8
26.5
8.4
8,3
8.3
qe:
n
1ft
ft
in
7
1
7
fl
1
7
Q
o
c
o c
32
o o
20.7
20.8
JZJ . H
1 / a J
OH. /
I / •*•
J* J
J• O
70.4
48.6

74.8
50.8

75.4
52.7

290.6
183.1

293.1
185.0

294.6
185.9

68.8
48.6

72.6
51.4

237.8
152.2

244.4
158.3

245.8
158.9

203*3
112.3

208.0
115.0

206.8
114.9

33
34

56.6
5.7
14.1
1.4
14.9
3.7
2.9

58.7 58.8
6.2
6. 1
14.4 14.4
1.4
1.5
14.9 14.9
3.9
3.8
2.9
2.9

284.3
32.7
76.8
10.1
39.6
23.9
15.5

296.7
33.0
79.7
10.2
40.3
24.5
15.9

295.9
33.0
79.2
10.5
40.4
24.5
15.9

97.5 100. 5 100.6
6.9
6.8
6.8
55.4 57.4 57.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
10.5 10.7 10.7
7.5
7.5
7.3
3.2
3.3
3.3

269.9
30.6
71.1
9.5
45.9
24.5
18.8

281.1
31.5
75.1
9.6
46.8
26.1
19.4

280.9
31.5
74.3
9.7
46.8
26.2
20.3

180.1
15.6
H9.8
5.8
24.6
8.9
10.5

178.2
15.3
49.0
5.8
24.6
9.3
10.8

175.1
15.2
49.1
5.8
24.7
9.4
10.6

35

12.7
12.2

12.8
12.3

12.9
12.3

55.3
43.6

53.6
43.1

53. 1
42.5

11.6
10.3

11.7
10.4

11.7
10.4

43.6
38.0

44.7
39.6

44.8
39.8

41.3
32.2

43.0
33.8

41.9
32.6

42
43

25.7
65.1

26*1
67.4

26.2
67.3

65.7
280.6

66.0
282.9

66.1
282.7

33.9
85.9

34.3
89.8

34.2
89.6

157.7
363.0

158.7
372.6

159.5
373.8

289.4
544.7

299.3
558.3

296.0
550.5

44
45

190.4 207.1 207.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
14.5
13.9
14.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
22.3 23. 4 23.6
62.7 6"9.5 69.7
11.8
13.1
13.0
5.6
4.8
5.4
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.3
27.6 28. 1 28.1
7,5
8.0
8.0

795.8
20.3
79.7
12.5
72.9
163.4
71*1
22.2
17.2
13.6
130.6
42.3

811.5
20.4
80.7
11.8
73.2
162.5
71.8
22.4
17.4
13.9
131.2
44.3

810.7 220.5 239.9 241.8
4.4
4.3
19.9
4.1
80.4 24.1 25.3 25.2
2.7
11.6
2.6
2.7
73.2 28.0 28. 4 28.5
161.5 46.4 49.6 49.8
69.7 16.7 18*3 18.3
4.5
4,5
22.4
4.2
4.8
4.9
4.8
16.9
3.0
3.1
3.1
14.5
130.9 34.6 37.2 37.7
14.4
44.0 13.3 14.4

671.1
19.1
68.9
7.9
54.0
t50.5
66.0
17.6
14.8
9.2
105.6
36,5

702.5
21.2
71.4
8.2
55.8
157.3
69.5
18.4
14.5
11.5
110.0
38.2

702.8
19.8
71.2
8.3
56.1
157.4
68.4
18.4
14.9
11.6
109.6
38.6

578.8
12. 2
38.6
27.1
50.9
97.5
35.1
25.6
8.3
31.3
69.2
28.3

598.3
13.3
40.1
29.7
51.4
92.8
35.8
24.9
9.5
30.1
73.*
31.7

589.2
13.5
39.9
29.1
51.6
92.5
35.3
24.5
9.4
29.7
71.9
32.1

46
47
48
49
50
51
52

53
54
55
56
57

128.2 128.8 128.7
1.8
2.0
1.9
77.3 79.5 78.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
4.6
4.5
4.6

459.4
9.7
238.4
24.4
17.3
19.8

462.7
9.2
236.6
24.5
17.5
19.7

462,8 102,6 105.9 106.6
1.8
1.7
1.8
9i 1
236.1 59.0 62.3 62.9
4.4
4 f 3 . 4*4
24.3
5.2
5,3
5.3
17.3
19.4
5. 8
5.9
5.$J

302.4
5.0
158.0
14.7
11.1 i
15.2

306.4
5,2
160.5
15.5
10.8
15.1

306.1
5.3
159.1
16.0
10.9
15.1

384.3
9.5
141.3
29, 7
17.9
29.3

388.7
10.2
146.9
28.8
19.1
30.5

390.6
10.2
144.9
28.8
19*6
30.4

58
59
60
61
62
63




72.0
51.0

36
37
38
39
40
41

113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuKural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In
Total
10G

1978
GEORGIA—Continued
Savannah

JULY
1979

Construction

AUG
1979P

106
1978

JULY 106
1979 1979P

10 6
1978

JOLY 106
1979 1979P

10G
1978

JOLY
1979

106
1979P

84.9

83.1

84.5

d)

379.2
313.2

385.5
318.8

383.8
317.0

(1)
(1)

338.8
82.9

338.5
84.9

340.5
(*)

4.2
(1)

4.5
(1)

27.9
(2)
(2)
4.9
4.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

28.8
(2)
(2)
5.1
5.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

28.2 194.4 188.6 191.2 1,234.5 1,240.9 1,240.0
(2)
7.2
1.8
1.6
1.6
7.0
6.9
(2)
8.1
3.2
3.3
3.2
8.1
7.7
(•) 155.0 156.0
950.7
940.8
(•)
(*)
5.0 136.9 137.5 137.7
844.1
837.0
842.4
(2)
8.1
7.5
46.5
51.2
7.6
51.6
(2)
3.3
3.5
19.4
19.2
3.5
19.1
(2)
1.2
1.2
9.5
9.6
1.2
9.6
(2)
9.5
9.8
51.7
51.8
9.8
51.3
(2)
3.9
3.6
57.4
55.8
3.6
57.1
(2)
4.2
4.2
7.7
8.1
4.3
7.7

64.0

10.2
(1)
2.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.4

10.2
(1)
2.6
(1)
O)
<1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.5

10.3 111,
122.1 121.5
1.3
1.2
1,
(1)
8. 1
8.2
2.6
8.0
7.9
8.2
8.6
(1)
18.5 18.6
(1) 18
(1) 19.9 20.7 20.8
2.1
2.3
2.3
(D
2.1
2.0
2.1
(D
5.2
4.9
4.9
(D
2.5
1.5
2.9
3.1

1,092.5 1,125*5 1,120.5
82
84.7
83.9
178.3
181.1
181.5
43.5
45.3
45.4
50.9
50.7
51.0
63.6
67.6
68.0

2.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
d)
(1)

2.5
(1)
(1)
d)
(1)
(D

2.5
(D
(D
.(»

944.3
26.6
86~2
206.4

12.9
(2)
.3
2.1

13.4
(2)
.3
2.2

13.9
(2)

1,246.9 1,264.3 1,268.5
144.5
149.1
149.8
404.8
416.4
414.3
30.7
31.4
31.6

58.8
(1)
O)
.9
73.6
(1)
1.1
11.8
1.8
.4
16.0
5.3

59.3
(1)
(1)
.8
77.4
(1)
1.1
12.3
1.9
.3
16.3
5.5

58.6

422.9
35.5
89.3

(1)
d>
d)

(1)
(D
(1)

(D
(D

52 MARYLAND
53

1,612.1 1,635.7 1,614.6
889.1
898.7
881.6

(1)
(D

54 MASSACHUSETTS
55 Boston
56 Brockton
57
Fall River
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
59
New Bedford
Springf ield-Chicopee- Holyoke

2,555.2 2, 57 2. 3 2,581.0
1,386.4 1,398.4 1,392.7
57.1
56.0
56.3
58.2
57.8
57.4
107.6
108.4
107.0
75.2
70. 9
74.0
67.4
66.9
66.9
238.7
231. 1
238.1

(1)
(1)

2 HAWAII

IDAHO J
Boise City

18
19
20

LLINOIS
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul . . .
Chicago-Gary
Chicago SMSA4
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline .
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria
Rockford
Springfield

4,811.1 4,897,
46,
46.8
69.
65.1
a,454.5 3,521,
3,194.0 3,262.
164.
157.7
54.
52.8
33.
34.0
153,
151.0
123.
120.8
84.
88.8

4,898.4
47.5
67.8

INDIANA
Anderson
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago4. . . .
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,227.5 2,258,
52.4
51.
126,
126.'
178.
174.2
260.
260.5
524,
512.4
55,
53.4
4 8.
48.0
113,
110.5
63.
63.3

3,249.3
51.2
126.1
180.1
259.4
520.4

27 IOWA
28 Cedar Rapids
29 Des Moines .
30 Dubuque
31 Sioux City
32 Waterloo-Cedar Falls
33 ANSAS . . .
34
Lawrence ,
Topeka .
Wichita .
37 KENTUCKY
38
Lexington-Fayette .
39
Louisville
Owensboro
OUISIANA . .
Alexandria . .
Baton Rouge
Lafayette . .
Lake Charles
Monroe . . . .
New Orleans
Shreveport .
49 MAINE .
Lewiston-Auburn
50
51
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.

114



910.4
24.8
84.7
193.4

944.4
25.7
86.3

206.1

(*)
3,261.5

164.9
54.7
33.7
153.6
122.9
88.8

54.6
47.4

112.3

1,415.7 1,443.2 1,444.8
50.5
49.6
50.7
186.5
183.4
185.2
62.9
67.4
67.8
58.5
59.2
59.1
50.1
49.0
50.0
476.4
471.6
475.5
141.6
145.7
146.2
423.7
34.5
90.6

415.7
33.4
88.7

(1)

(1)

(1)

6.0

5.2

4.8

17.0

16.8

16.6

(1)
(1)

20.7
17.3

22.1
18.2

21.9
17.6

25.8
19.4

26.5
20.1

25.9
19.6

4.4
(*)

22.8
7.0

21.2
6.5

21.1
(*)

59.0
9.5

60.3
10.3

60.5
(•)

742.2
25.2
38
62.0

103.8
128.7
12.4
13.9
34.8
1.8.0

17.0

731.6
23.6
37.7
62.1
104.2
127.2
12.5
13.2
34.2
17.0

740.2
23.9

39.1
61.9
105.4
130.8
12.5
14.6
34.6

66.1
4.4
9.5
2.2
4.2
3.2

65.8
3.9
8.8
2.5
4.0
3.4

66.6
4.3
8.9
2.4
3.6
3.3

245.4
28.9
25.4
16.8
9.7
22.0

?58.8
28.9
26.5
17.7
9.1
24*3

258.1
29.2
26.1
17.7
9.2
24.1

51.5
1.3
4.2
10.9

56.3
1.5
4.0
12.7

57.5
1.5
4.1
13.1

186.2
4.1
11.4

197.8
4.8
12.*

197.5
4.7
11.7

60.0

67.6

67.9

79.1
8.8
22.6
2.5

76.7
10.1
22.1
2.7

78.4
10.3
22.
2.8

291.6
29.8
110.3
7.2

289.9
30.7
107.4

287.9
30.8
108.1
6.7

.8
78. 120.1 124.6 124.9
3.4
3.6
3.7
(1)
1.1 25.8 24.8 25.6
6.5
6.5
5.2
12.
5.6
5.6
6.2
1.9
4.7
4.9
4.6
16.4 29.4 29.0 28.8
5.4 10.0 11.1 11.4

209.0
6.1
24.8
3.6
12.1
8.5
52.0
28.

211.0
6.5
25.1
3.9
12.7
8.8
53.1
27.9

213.3
6.6
25.1
4*2
12.7
8.7
52.3
28.0

20.0
1.5
4.2

112.7
12.5
17.3

109.2
10.7
17.2

116.7
12.1
17.9

Hi

P) 112.1 111.5 111.0
(D 54.5 54.6 55.5

243.5
163.6

246.6
165.0

240.9
159.2

(1)
(1)

(D
O)

(1)

(D
(1)
(1)
(D
(1)

655.8
285.3
12.5
21.0
41.5
23.8
26.5
67.1

655.6
285.3
12.7
20.2
35t.O
25.2
26.0
67.4

662.9
282.7
13.1
20.9
39.7
26.3
26.4
68.0

(*>
(1)
(1)

(.1)

O)

2*3

(D
(D

(1)

21.9
1.4
4.4

83.0
42.2
2.0
1.9
3.1
3.0
1*9
6.3

20.5
1.4
4.3

83.6
43.1
1.9
2.1
3.1
3.0
1.7
6.3

85.1
44.0
2.0
2.1
3.2
3.1
1.8
6.4

6.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8

Employees on nonagricurtural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thounnds)

Tramportttiofi and
pubMc utiUtfet

AOG
1978

Financa, insurenot,

MrtiolMate and rvtMl trade

JULY AOG
1979 1979P

1978

JOLT
1979

AOG

Santos

andraalanai hi

1979P

AOG
1978

A0G

JOLT AOG
1979 1979P

1978

JOLT
1979

AOG

Govannnant

AOG

AOG

1979P

1978

JOLT
1979

AOG

1979P

9.5

9.8

9.7

19.3

19.5

19.7

4.0

4.2

4.3

13.7

13.4

13.6

15.4

14.1

15.9

1

29.0
23.8

29.1
24.3

28.8
24.1

96.6
80.3

97.0
80.5

96.2
80.0

28.7
25.2

29.6
26.0

29.8
26.1

88.9
72.1

92.7
75.0

92.2
74.7

89.5
75.1

88.5
74.7

89.0
74.9

2
3

20.0
4.7

20.3
4.7

20.4
(*)

82.2
21.4

82.4
21.3

82.5
(*)

22.6
8.8

23.1
9.4

23.2
(*)

59.7
13.8

61.2
14.6

61.4

68.3
17.7

65.5
18.1

67.0
(•)

4

291.8 302.6 303.1 1,091.0 1,102.9 1,102.3 289.4 300.2 300.1
7.5
7.5
7.4
11.6
11.6
11.4
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.4
2.3
2.4
16.4
16.4
15.4
2.7
2.7
2.6
770.1
754.9
212.8 219.0
(*>
(*) 216.3 222.9
(•)
718.7
718.5 207.4 213.4 213.6
704.9
197.6 204.0 204.4
6.8
f.7
6.7
42.2
42.2
8.0
41.7
8.0
6.9
2.6
2.6
2.5
11.3
11.3
4.8
11.2
4.8
3.6
1.0
1.1
1.0
8.0
8.0
8.2
1.5
1.5
1.3
7.4
7.6
7.6
36.1
35.5
8.0
8.0
36.1
7.6
4.2
4.2
4.0
25.1
25.1
24.5
5.0
5.1
5.1
6.5
6.7
6.8
21.8
19.6
21.5
4.8
4.8
4.8

912.6
7.2
9.5
669.2
634.2
23.1
8.4
6.2
26.9
16.0
17.8

938.3
7.7
9.8
683.1
650.2
23.3
8.8
6.2
28.0
17.1
16.3

940.3
7.6
9.7

795.3
8.5
26.8
515.2
489.3
25.8
4.7
6.3
12.6
11.1
25.0

793.2
8.8
25.3

6
7
8

650.1
23.2
8.8
6.2
28.2
16.9
17.9

769.7
9.0
24.4
500.6
471. 1
24.7
4.3
6.4
12.2
11.5
25.6

(•)

(•)

X*)

489.7
25.6
4.6
6.3
12.5
11.1
25.7

5

9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

108.5 112.0 112.0
1.5
1.5
1.5
6.7
6.8
6.8
11.4
11.4
10.6
15.2 15.6 15.6
30.8 31.4 31.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.2
2.0
2.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.0
4.0
4.0

479.4
10.6
29.7
40.5
50.0
125.0
11.3
11.4
26.7
15.8

484.5
10.4
30.1
42.2
51.3
129.4
11.4
11.2
27.6
15.9

485.2
10.5
30.3
42.6
51.7
129.4
11.6
11.2
27.5
16.0

98.3 101.1 101.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
4.4
4.4
4.3
9.7
10.2
10.2
9.1
9.1
8.9
35.3 36.1 36.0
2.7
2.8
2.8
1.6
1.6
1.5
5.3
5.3
5.0
2. 1
2.0
2.1

319.4
6.8
23.5
26.8
35.0
84.5
8.6
7.6
22.0
8.8

327.6
6.8
24.1
27.1
34.6
88.5
8.9
7.7
22.7
9.1

329.3
6.8
24.2
27.i*
34.7
88.7
9.0
7.7
22.7
9.0

357.9
5.3
12.5
16.7
29.5
88.2
14.6
9.5
11.5
10.8

360.7
5.9
11.8
17.7
25.6
87.2
15.9
9.5
12.7
11.4

358.4
5.8
12.0
17.8
25.5
86.8
14.9
9.4
12.4
11.3

56.4
4.0
11.2
1.6
4.0
2.6

58.0
4.0
11.7
1.6
4.1
2.6

57.8
4.0
11.8
1.6
4.1
2.6

282.8
18.2
47.7
9.0
13.4
14.2

293.4
18.5
48.0
9.1
13.4
14.8

290.5
18.5
48.1
9.3
13.4
14.8

56.5
4.3
19.8
1.3
2.8
2.0

58.7
4.4
20.6
1.3
2.8
2.1

59.1
4.4
20.6
1.3
2.8
2.1

192.6
14.5
37.3
9.1
10.8
10.3

197.3
15.1
38.4
9.3
11.1
10.9

200.0
15.1
38.5
9.2
11.2
10.9

190.2
8.6
27.4
3.4
6.1
9.2

190.9
9.1
27.5
4.0
6.5
10.0

186. 1 27
9 . 2 28
27.2 29
4 . 0 30
6 . 4 31
9 . 8 32

63.8
1.4
7.5
10.3

67.6
1.5
7.5
10.9

67.2
1.5
7*5
10.9

222.1
5.3
19.1
43.0

225.1
5.5
19.2
44.5

224.5
5.5
19.4
44.3

46* 1
.8
5.7
9.2

47.8
.8
5.9
9.4

47.7
.8
6.0
9.3

159.0
3.1
16.1
36.2

165.8
3.2
16.9
37.3

166.7
3.3
16.8
37.4

168.8
8.9
20.7
21.8

170.6
8.4
20.4
21.5

169.3
9.3
20.4
21.2

68.8
6.9
24.5
2.2

70.0
7.6
25.4
2.3

69.6
7.6
25.7
2.3

269.2
32.7
93.5
7.6

283.1
33.4
100.4
7.6

281.6
33.8
100.6
7.6

49.2
6.9
22.2
1. 1

51.2
7.1
23.4
1.2

51.0
7.1
23.3
1.2

203.4
25.0
72.3
5.1

208.4
27.4
75.7
5.8

212.1
27.2
75.7
6.0

226.8
34.3
59. 4
4.1

225.7
32.8
62.1
4.2

229.3 37
33.0 38
58.4 39
4 . 2 40

110.5 111.5 111.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
9.7
9.6
9.6
4.4
4.6
4.7
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.4
2.5
2.4
48.1 48.0 48.2
10.4 10.4
9.7

337.8
11.0
40.4
16.2
12.9
12.9
118.8
34.4

342.8
11.1
38.6
17.3
13.0
12.7
118.5
34.8

342.6
11.0
38.8
17.4
13.0
12.7
118.7
35.1

70.0
3.1
10.6
1.9
2.5
3.3
28.4
6.5

73.1
3.3
11.0
2.1
2.6
3.4
29.7
6.8

72.6
3.3
11.0
2.2
2.6
3.4
29.6
6.8

242.8
9.5
27.7
12.0
9.0
7.3
104.9
24.4

246.9
9.9
26.4
12.7
9.1
8.2
105.5
24.5

247.0
9.9
26.5
12.6
9.1
8.2
105.8
24.7

251.9
13.7
46.4
7.8
10.8
9.3
74.0
22.8

255.9
13.7
46.8
8.0
11.2
9.6
75.4
24.7

254.6
13.7
47.5
8.0
11.2
9.6
76.6
24.4

41

49

18.6
1.1
5.5

19.3
1. 1
5.5

19.3
1.1
5.5

96.4
7.7
25.1

94.8
8.1
23.1

95.7
8.8
23.1

16.2
1.5
6.9

16.5
1.6
7.2

16.5
1.6
7.3

78.9
6.8
19.3

78.7
7.2
19.3

78.7
7.2
19.4

79.0
3.5
12.1

76.7
3.3
12.1

76.0
3.2
11.9

85.9
59.4

87.2
61.8

86.0
61.1

381.8
191.6

382.5
188.6

381.8
188.3

87.3
52.4

90.9
54.2

90.9
54.2

322.0
171.3

334.3
176.2

335.1
176.7

379.5
196. 3

382.7
198.3

368.9
186.6

114.4 115.2 116.3
68.6 69.6 70.1
4.4
4.4
4.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
4.0
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.3
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.5
10.0 10.0
9.1

555.5
297.8
14.7
12.2
22.3
15.0
12.7
47.5

567.7
304.2
14.8
12.2
23.1
15.7
12.6
51.0

567.3 150.3 154.9 154.9
303. 1 102.0 106.9 106.6
2.3
2.2
2.1
14.9
2.6
2.6
2.6
12.3
3.8
3.8
3.8
23.0
2.3
2.3
15.7
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
12.6
13.3
51.1 12.6 13.2

570.3
371.4
8.9
10.2
16.3
10.9
9.0
43.5

595.9
386.1
9.3
10.4
16.6
11.7
9.3
46.2

597.2
383.9
9.4
10.5
16.8
11.6
9.3
46.4

425.9
219.1
11.8
8.0
17.5
12.8
12.4
45-0

399.4
203.2
11.0
7.9
17.4
12.5
12.9
44.0

397.3
202.3
11.0
7.8
17.1
12.5
12.8
43.5




17
18
19

20
21
22
23
24
25
26

33
34
35
36

42
43
44
45
46
47
48

50
51
52
53
54
55

56
57
58
59
60
61

115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8

Employees on nonagricuKural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry <

{In thousands)
Total

MASSACHUSETTS—Continued
Worcester
2JMICHIGAN . .
Ann Arbor .
Battle Creek .
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Portage
Lansing-East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Musk. Hgts..
Saginaw
14 MINNESOTA .
15 Ouluth-Superior
16 Minneapolis-St. Paul
17 MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
18
19JMISSOURI . . .
Kansas City
St. Joseph. .
St. Louis . .
Springfield .

JULY
1979

AUG
1979P

AUG
1978

JULY ADG
1 9 7 9 1979P

160.9

163.8

164.8

(1)

(1)

4.9

3,525.2
134.2
67.5
35.8
1,754.0
190.5
259.7
55.1
105.6
180.3
63.1
90.9

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
<*)
(*)

12.1
(1)

12.0
(1)
(1)

1.2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1.2
(1)

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

1,706.3 1,768.1 1 , 7 6 9 . 8
63. 2
64.1
63.5
1,014.1 1,063.6 1 , 0 6 3 . 0

18.0
(1)
(1)

18.4
(1)

18.4
(1)
(1)

820.1
143.0

9.1
1.1

9.5
1.2

9.4
1.2

1,925.5 1,95 8.0 1,959.7
616.6
627.1
626.1
36.0
35.6
35.4
960.4
982.6
974.1
80.7
80.5
81.3

8.0
.5
(2)
2.5
(2)

8.9
.6
(2)
2.6
(2)

(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

823.8
139.8

3,577,
136,
67,
36.
1/778.
203,
258.
55.
106.
191.
62.
92,

829.2
144.3

Manufacturing

Construction

AUG
1978

O>
d)

d)

AUG
1978

JULY
1979

5.3

47.2

47.4

157.5 162.8
3.4
3.4
2.4
2.4
1.4
1.4
68.3
69.9
7.2
7.0
14.4
15.3
2.1
2.1
5.2
5.4
7.6
7.7
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.3

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(•)
<*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)

9 3 . 9 101.6 103.4
2.7
2.8
3.0
48.8
56.3
57. 1

372.5
8.1
236.7

382.2
8;5
245.6

386.2
8.6
244.8

50.0
8.6

49.9
10.4

49.5
9.8

237.7
19.2

232.5
19.0

233.1
19.1

8.8
.6
(2)
2.6
(2)

92.4
31.3
2.4
44.0
4.0

94.4
32.2
2.1
48.8
4.3

95.6
33.2
2.1
48.6
3.9

445.0
117.6
9.3
247.0
18.3

451.3
124.0
9.3
250.4
18.2

451.2
122.8
9.1
245.1
18.4

18.8
3.0
2.1

19.0
3.1
2.1

27.2
4.2
1.9

28.6
4.4
2.0

28.8
4.3
2.0

d)

(D
(D
d)
d)
(1)
(1)

ADG
1978

JDLY AUG
1979 1979P

5.2

1,114,
44,
24.
11.
566,
86,
90,
16.
35,
46.
22,
36.

AUG
1979P

48.4
1,057.7
42.9
23.7
10.9
539.5
73.8
90.2
15.9
34.7
35.2
23.1
34.6

24|MONTANA . .
Billings
Great Falls .

287.5
45.7
31.2

298.0
47.3
31.6

300.2
47.8
31.7

7.2
(1)
(1)

8.3
(1)
(1)

8.3
(1)

19.4
2.9
2.0

27|NEBRASKA
Lincoln . .
Omaha . . .

604.3
97.6
255.3

616.9
97.3
262.4

616.1
98.6
260.9

1.7
(2)
(2)

1.7
(2)
(2)

1.7
(2)
(2)

37.2
5.0
13.6

37.1
5.1
12.8

37.3
5.1
13.0

93.3
13.8
34.8

97.0
14.1
36.4

96.7
14.0
36.8

30 NEVADA .
Las Vegas.
Reno . . . .

364.8
192.8
109.7

380.7
201.7
114.3

382.2
2 03.0
114.2

3.9
.2
.6

4.1
.2
.6

4.1
.2
.7

28.0
14.0
9.5

28.2
14.1
9.0

28.2
14.3
8.7

18.2
6.4
8.2

19.6
7.2
8.6

19.5
7.1
8.5

33JNEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua

374.7
72.5
56. 2

389.8
72.8
59.3

394.5
74.0
60.0

.5
(2)
(2)

.5
(2)
(2)

.5
(2)
(2)

19.8
3.9
3.1

22.4
3.9
3.5

22.7
4.0
3.5

111.0
19.3
25.4

112.1
17.7
26.3

114.8
18.7
26.9

36JNEW JERSEY
3,040.9 3,068.1 3 , 0 7 1 . 2
Atlantic City
91.5
81.3
89.9
Camden ?
330.1
328.2
329.3
Hackensack 6.
390.0
387.7
392.3
Jersey City 6
236.2
240.6
235.8
Long Branch-Asbury Park . . . . =^ . . .
161.8
160.8
161.9
New Bruns.-Perth Amboy-Sayreville 6 .
286.8
280.4
286.2
939.2
928.2
940.1
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic • . .'.
196.7
191.9
197.6
Trenton
163.3
159.6
164.0
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
58.7
57.9
58.0

2.6

2.7

.1

.1

P)

(1)

2.7 119.3 121.4 122.0
7.4
3.7
7.3
.1
15.1
15.3
14.9
14.7
14.0
14.4
(1)
4.0
4.0
4.0
6.9
6.1
5.9
12.3
10.5
10.6
(1)
34.2
35.2
35.2
.9
6.7
7.3
7.6
(1)
3.4
3.1
3.3
(1)
1.8
1.9
1.9
(1)

796.1
8.7
70.5
111.8
74.2
24.1
91.3
248.3
67.7
36.4
20.1

786.9
8.0
69.6
112.2
68.3
24.1
90.6
251.8
69.1
37.2
18.8

793.3
8.1
70.6
113.1
68.7
24.2
91.3
250.2
69.5
36.6
19.6

33.7
17.4

34.9
18.0

35.3
18.2

47 NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque

48

49 NEW YORK
50 Albany-Schenectady-Troy
51 Binghamton
52 Buffalo
53
Elmira .
54
Monroe County 7.
55
Nassau-Suffolk 8.
56
New York-Northeastern New Jersey .
57
New York and Nassau-Suffolk «
58 New York SMSA •
59 New York City »
60 Poughkeepsie
61
Rochester
See footnotes at end of table.

116



453.3
181.3
7,120.
336.
117.
513.
37.
330.
880.
6,593.
4,565,
3,684.
3,255.
93.
408.

470.0
187.3

(1)

d)
.9
(1)
(1)
(1)

471.2
187.1

25.1

7, 138.9 7 , 1 5 1 . 9
331,
334.8
118.
118.7
516.
510.6
37.
37.5
338,
336.4
889.
886.3
6,641
(*)
4,573.? 4,577.6
3,683.9 3,691.3
3,251.0 3,259.7
96.
96.1
415,
414.6

6.8
(1)
(1)
(1)

O)
(1)
.9

O)
(1)
(1)

27.3

(1)

O)
(1)
(1)
3.0
1.7
1.5
1.3
(1)

6.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(t)

d)

3.0
1.7
1.5
1.3

d)

(1)

d)

0)

27.4
(1)

37.9
16.3

38.1
16.1

7.1 216.6 215.5
(1)
12.
11.
5,
5.
21.
(1)
20.
1.
1,
11.
11.
37.
34.
192,
191,
121,
1.7 120.
82.
86,
1.5
64.
69.
1.3
3.
3.
14.
13..
(1)

d)

(D
d)
d)
(*)
d)

38.6
16.3

219.2 1,500.4 1,486.1
11.9
62.3
58.7
5.7
42.4
42.2
21.2
143.6
146.0
1.4
11.6
11.6
11.3
133.4
138.0
34.4
159.2
160.9
(*) 1 , 3 8 2 . 1 1,374.2
788.7
770.3
122.8
629.6
609.4
88.3
541.1 I
518.9
71.0
31.0|
32.5
3.3
155.3
159.0|
13.8

,49 8.3
59.1
42.8
140.3
11.1
135.3
161.5
(*)
785.0
623.5
533.2
32.5
157.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and

Wholesale and retail trade

public utilities

JOLT AUG

AUG

JULY

AUG

AUG

1978

1979 1979P

1978

1979

1979P

1978

6.7

34.2

3fc5.7

35.5

8.5

(*) 155.9 154.6

(*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

748.2
20.3
11.7
8.5
362.3
40.9

751.9
20.5
11.7

(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

9 2 . 7 100.7 100.5
6.8
7.4
7.8
57.3 65.3 65.2

432.2
17.2

441.4
17.3

253.8

260.6

38.4
8.9

39.8
8.9

161.4

164.4

34.7

36.3

133.6 138.4 138.1
51.9 54.1 53.8

469.1
158.8

472*1
156.1
8.9

(•)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(*)

I*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

6.7
3.8

2.4
1.8
86.3
6.7

3.8
2.4

1.8

85.5
6.7

10.3

10.2

5.3
3.7
5.5
2.9
4.6

5.3
3.7
5.1

39.8
8.9

2.1

2.1

67.9

72.4

6.3

6.5

22.3

24.0

4.1
2.0

2.9
U.6

58.5
11.3
21.4

35.5
12.2
18.2

8.5

365.2
41.3
58.7
11.3
21.6
35.7

12.2
18.3

JULY AUG
1979 1979P

AUG

JULY

AUG

AUG

JULY

AITG

1978

1979

1979P

1978

1979

1979P

8.9

30.2

31.8

31.9

^9.1

28.1

28.1

1

151.8 151.8
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8

(*)
(*>

638.0
21.5
11.0
6.1
349.6
29.1
45.3

640.9

599.4
38.6
12.6
5.9
256.7

593.5
38.3
12.6

8.9

1.2

1.2

87.3

87.6

6.0
9.8
1.5
4.1
9.1
1.8
3.9

6.0
9.8
1.5
4.1
9.3
1.8
3.9

(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
<*>
(*)

10.3
20.0
26.3
9.4

272.0
140.3

279.8
13.3
145.9

2.1

2.3

65.6

68.6

2.3
68.9

164.5
36.2

31.9
11.0

32.3
11.0

32.3

114.6

118.8

11.0

25.8

26.4

116.5
26.4

180.7
30.5

182.1
31.2

175.1 17
30.4 18

475.2 104.3 106.7 106.3
155.6 41.9 4 2 . 9 42.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
9.0
218.3 53.8 5 4 . 9 55.1
3
.
4
3
.
3
3
.4
23.4

356.6
124.8
6.2

365.4
128.3
6.3
199.4
15.6

366.3
129.1
6.3
199.1
16.2

316.5
89.8

320.8
88.9
5.1

318.2 19
8 8 . 3 20
5 . 0 21

134.8

133.2

9.4

9.5

9.5

22
23

54.9

69.6

24

7.3
6.1

69.3
7.0

69.5

9.9
6.6

6.0

5.9

79.4
16.3
10.8

81.1
16.7
10.8

12.3

14.2
2.3
2. 1

14.3

54.5

2.2
2.0

2.3
2.1

9.5

55.4
9.9

6.7

6.5

44.8
6.8
23.3

47.1
7.2

47.1
7.2

154.7

158.8
22.3

39.5
7.0

40.9
7.2

40.8
7.1

24.4

24.2

159.0
22.1
68.5

108.5

21.2
66.5

68.5

23.1

24.1

24.0

16.0
53.9

22.0
12.5

23.6 23.8
13.2 13.3
7.8
7. 7

72.0
40.1
21.9

76.4
43.4
23.0

77.1
43.8
23.1

14.8

15.8

15.9

155.7

7.9
5.5

8.4
5.9

8.5

88.8
43.5

13.0

13.4

13.4

85.8

90.8

19.0

19.0

4.8

4.8
1.7

18.9
11.0.

19.5
12.0

91.7
19.5

17.7

4.4
1.6

5.3
1.8

5.5

5.5

1.9

1.9

677.6
23.6
83.2
113.7
43.9
42.2
62.1
175.3
40.8
24.6

689.4
22.8
83.9

15.5

15.7
20.3
2 6.8

19.9
26.9

20.8
28.4

15.5

6.1

6.1

6.1

20.4

22.8
69.7

23.0
70.2

7.3

70.2
7.7
5.8

3.1

5.9
3.0

7.1
5.9
3.0

26.5
10.2

27.4
11.2

27.7
11.3

111.4
45.2
44.0
66.3
176.7
41.5
25.9

12.1

66.5
176.9
41.4
25.4

9.4

9*9

62.8

63.4

63*0

9.8
7.0
2.4

9.8
7.0
2.4

21.6
11. 1

21.7
11.1

9.2

9.7

9.6

103.8
46.0

108.7
47.7

110.1
48.5

20.3
10.2

427.5 429. 1 428.5 1,456.0
67.9
15*6 15.4 15.4
4.7
4.7
4.8
22.4
115.3
27.6 28,4 28.4

1 ,463.4

1 r461.2

67.4
22.1
116.9
8.4
62.3
232.0
1 ,387.1
943.6
711.6
611.8

68.3
22.0

10.0
35.2
46 2.2
314.7
279.5
257.9
3.0
13.0

1.4
9.9

1.4

35.7
462.5
315.4
279.6
257. S

9.9
35.4
<*)
314.8
279.4
257.5

12.9

12.9

3.0

3.0

8.4

61.6
226.6
1,374.3
938.4
709*8
611*8
15.7
79.0

15.8
79.4

6.0

688.3 151.7 154.9 155.2
4.9
4.6
4.9
23.3
83.5 15.4 1 6 . 0 16.2
110.0 15.5 16.2 16.2
9.1
9.1
8.5
45.1
7.3
7.2
7.3
44. 1
9.7
6.7
2.4

1.4

14

353.0
12.9
222.2

74.9
15.5
10.5

3.8

274.1

13.7

351.9
12.4
221.2

30.2

336.4
12.4
211.6

24.2
4.4
2.2

3.8

16.1
60.5
10.4
12.5

26.8

92.3

4.4
2.2

3.6

8.5

16.8
61.1
10.6
12.4

27.0
30.6

5.8

256.7

91.9

23.2

1.7

8.6

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

88.5

219.3
23.2

188.8 189.4 189.5

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

441.9
1 6.7
262.2

219.6

7.1

21.6
10.9
6.2
348.5
28.9
45.3
10.5
20.0
26.8
9.6

13.6

2.1
72.1
6.5

8.9

Government

Services

and real estaiIB

AUG

6.8

!

Finance, insurai

9.9

591.7 600.0 600.2
15.2 15.4 15.4
3.7

117.0

21.7

8.4
62.1
230.3
(*)
938.3
708.0
608.1

1.0

487. 1
439.2
419.4

15.8
79.3

16.6

14.9
47.9
593.1

2.6

3.7
22.3
1.0
15.4
48.6
601.7
492.9
444.3
424.0
2.6
17.1

193.5
15.9

111.7
16.0

7 . 0 25
26

124.6
27.8
40. 1

123.2

38.6

29

53.0

30
31

26.0
40.5

122.0 27
26.9 28

55.7

55.8
160.6
91.1
45.0

50.2
22.9
13.4

53.1
24.8
14.4

72.5
13.2

75.6

76.6
13.6

54.4

56.0

55.8

13.5

7.5

7.9

33
34

8*1

8.3

8.5

5.2

7.9
5.6

5.4

35

569.6
20.8
70.4
30.4
41.2
38.6
181.5
30.6
38.1

592.2
26.4
66.9
75.8
29.6
42.0
40.8
189.7
33.0
38.0

592.9
27.8
67.3
75.2
29.4
41.8
40.7
190.3
32.7
37.9

8.6

9.2

91.7
41.1

93.8
42.1

66.6

1 , 591.7 1r

22.3
1.0

6.6

61.9

629.5
67.6
18.5
93,8
6.7

24.7
14.4

16.3

531.2
16.6

9.2

61.7
40.8
51.1
33.0
46.3
155.0
28.6
44.6
12.7

62.0
42.4
52.8
32.3
45.3
152.7
29.6
46.9
13.0

527.3
16.3
62.0
41.2
53.0
32.4
44.8
152.5
28.6
47.2
13.0

93.6
42.2

114.3
40.1

118.2
41.1

116.8
39.5

535.2

32

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
4b
46
47
48

1,308.7
94.8
21.3
89.8
88.0

1 , 6 3 1 . 3 1 ,330.0

68.3
18.5

93.8
6.8

64.9
64.7
197.4
194.2
197.9
(*) 1 , 458.2 1 , 503.4
(*)
493.4 1 , 107.1 1 , 137.6 1 ,134.7
913.1
937.4
939.9
444.8
832.6
810.2
833.9
424.7
. 2.6
16.2
16.8
16.8
74.3
76.9
76.5,
17.2

15.4
48.6

5.3

132.1

13.2 15
142.6 16

159.9
90.4
45.1

67.7
17.9
93.9

3.7

110.9
15.6

12.7

1 , 3 0 6 . 1 49
9 6 . 4 50
21.2 51
87.6 52
7.2
7.2
7 . 2 53
36.4
37.4 54
37.4
179.6
178.0
178.6 55
1 ,128.9 1,117.5
( * ) 56
786.9 57
790.7
807.1
608.3 58
611.1
629. 1
549.7
531.3 59
533.7
22.0 60
21. 1
22.2
56.4
57.0 61
57.1

95.5
20.7

i




117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Construction

Total

Manufacturing

Stats and area

NEW YORK—Continued
Rockland County . ' . . .
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County .9. . . . .
5 NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Pt
8
Raleigh-Durham
10|NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo-Moorhead
OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren
21 OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

25
26
27
28

REGON
Eugene-Springfield
Jackson County . . .
Portland
Salem

29 ENNSYLVANIA
30 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
31 Altoona
32 Delaware Valley *?
33
Erie
34 Harrisburg
35 Johnstown
Lancaster
36
37 Northeast Pennsylvania
38 Philadelphia SMSA
ll
39 Philadelphia City .
40 Pittsburgh
Reading
4
42 Scranton *?
13
43 Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton. , . . . . Williamsport
York
46 RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket
48JSOUTH C A R O L I N A

Charleston-North Charleston . .
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg

4!
5C
5

52 SOUTH DAKOTA
Rapid City . . .
Sioux Falls . . .
TENNESSEE . . .

Chattanooga
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville-Davidson . .

56
57
58
59

See footnotes at end of table.

118



AOG
1978

JULY
1979

A 06
1979P

AUG
1978

79.8
254.4
116.7
336.4

79.6
255.8
117.8
341.0

79.5
257.5
118.4
339.8

(1)
(1)
(1)

2,253.8 2,30 5.2 2;319.2
70.4
70.5
69.9
311.1
310.3
306.6
375.3
374.6
368.8
249.0
243.5
250.3

4.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

4.9
(1)
(1>
(1)

248.8
62.4

4.9
(2)

4,403.9 4,496.6 4,473.2
267.3
270.9
265.1
162.9
163.3
156.4
619.4
620.9
600.5
925.2
93 2.4
918.6
510.0
510. 1
492.3
357.9
362.3
353.7
305.7
307.0
300.1
216.0
218*1
211.3

32.7
.4
1.2
.4
1.6
.9
.5
.7
.5

32.2
.4
1.2
.4
1.4
.9
.5
.6
.5

32.2
.4
1.2
.4
1^6
.9
.5
.6
.5

,082.8
388.5
279.0

56.1
12.8
17.9

59.6
13.3
18.3

59.6
13.5
18.2

61.4
21.5
15.5

6 0.5
21.3
15.1

61.1
21.4
15.1

1,015.1 1,047.4 1,058.3
104.7
103.3
103.9

2.2
(1)

2.3
(1)

2.3
(1)

54.4
6.2

59.0
5.7

60.3
5.9

545.7
94.7

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

28.8
5.1

28.2
5.2

28.9
5.3

4,699.4 4,690.3
260.6
260.
52.4
52,
1,560.2 T,553.6
117.2
117.
215.
216.0
90,
90.4
149.
149.8
239.
241.2
1,889.9 1,883.9
797.
798.8
949.
937.2
138.
138.3
85.
86.8
124,
124.1
49.
49.7
151.
152.0

54.1

52.3

52.0
O>
(1)
(1)
(1)

237.6
59.8

247.2
62.1

1,037.0 1, 079.3
386.5
362.8
278.4
274.0

527.1
91.7
4,709.
261.
52.
1,550.
115.
218.
89.
148.
245.
1,877.
800.
950.
133.
88.
127.
50.
151.

542.9
89.4

(D

O)
d)
(1)

(D
(1)
9.8
(1)
1.2
(1)

(D
12.2
(1)
(D

JOLT AOG
1979 1979P

1978

JTTLT
1979

AOG
1979P

2.3
11.4
4.3
14.2

15.9
60.8
31.7
71.4

15.7
59.5
31.8
73.6

15.6
61.0
32.1
73.6

127.0
3.4
16.5
16.2 16.0
13.2 12.9

807.1
21.9
86.8
145.9
38.8

808.1
21.3
87.4
147.8
41.9

811.6
21.5
88.0
148.4
42.4

23.2 24.5 24.9
5.7
5.5
5.3
201.4 206.1 208.5
10.0 10.1 10.3
7.4
7.6
7.4
30.1 30.4
29.0
37.4 37.6
36.2
24.3 24.7
23.6
16.8 17.0
15.6
13.0 13.4
13.4
9.7
9.7
9.3

15.7
5.0

16.8
5.3

17.1
5.3

1,380.5

1,379.5
83.9

90.9
80.6

,354.5
80.8
59.9
171.7
271.3
98.3
103.6
88.9
78.7

173.5
47.7
57.1

180.0
53.4
58.8

181.8
53.9
59.4

229.7
22.5
8.3
t10.1
21.0

234.2
22.0
8.0
117.3
16.0

241.0
22.7
8.2
118.1
20.5

AGG

JOLT AOG
1979 1979P

2.7
10.0
3.8
14.6

2.2
11.2
4.2
13.9
127.0
3.4
16.6

(D

4.8 116.6
3.8
(1)
(t) 16*5
(1) 17.6
13.0

6.1
(2)

6.2
(2)

(1)
d)
(D
(1)

O)

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
8.9
(1)
1.2
CD
(1)
11.4

(1)

(1)
(t)
O)

AOG

84.9
57.1
173.3
278.8
100.1
110.5
91.4
79.5

,375.1
110.2
12.9
378.0
44.2
42.5
20.7

19.3
51.8
5.7
2.4
9.1
2.3
7.0

1,374.
109.
12.
384.
45.
43.
20.
60.
60.5
68.
73.3
454.
448.5
146.
149.9
258.
253.1
53,
52.5
26.
28.7
40.3
37.
18.
18.6
64.
64.1

O)

20.7 2 0 5 .
8.
10.4
2.
2.5
59.
61.0
3.
4.6
8.
11.0
3,
3.3
8.
8.7
12,
13.7
75.
76.3
19.
19.5
51.
55.1
5.
5.7
2,
2.3
8.
9.8
2.
2.1
7.
7.6

(1)
(1)

15.6
15.8

14.3
14.5

15.2
15.4

137.0
153.4

131.6
147.0

136.2
152.4

391.4
19.3
26.7
103.7

394.1
19.6
26.9
104.9

26.1
2.7
7.6

26.5
2.6
7.7

510.5
53.7
53.0
63.4
80.5

516.4
54.3
53.9
62.9
80.7

O)

9.0
(1)
1.2

O)
(1)
11.2
(1)
P>
1

205.5
8*9

2.1
59.9
3.7

8.6
3.2
8.6
13.1
74.9

407.2
417.4

(1)

O)
(D
1.1
(1)
(1)
(D
(D

1,135. 1 1, 165. 1 1,167.3
144.6
144.0
138.8
171.4
171.6
167.7
255.0
256.8
255. 0

1.9
(1)
O>
(1)

2.0
(1)
(t)
(1)

2.0

71.3
11.1
8.8
16.8

68.6

68.3

(1)
(1)
d)

11.1
8.2
16.2

11.1
8.0
16.5

238.4
29.8
52.6

2.6
(2)
(2)

2.9
(2)
(2)

3.0
(2)
(2)

14.7
3.2
4.2

15.2
2.8
4.1

15.1
2.8
4.1

391.0
18.9
26.1
104.9
24.7
2.7
7.1

1,713.2 1,715.0 1,720.2
166.6
165.9
167. 8
196.0
196.9
197. 4
352.9
350. 3
353.7
351.7
348. 9
350.9

16.8
1.4
1.7
.2
(1)

10.5
1.3
1.6
.2
(1)

11.1
1.4
1.6
.2
(1)

92.5
7.6
12.9
13.7
21.6

97.3
7.1
12.5
14.3
21.8

97.4
7.1
12.6
14.5
22.0

527.1
55.8
53.9
64.6
81.9

405.1
415.0

238.5
29.5
52.7

400.1
409.5

239.3
29.6
52.9

1.1
(1)
(1)

60.0

173.9
278.8
98.9
109.4

V

(1)

1,366.4
110.6
13.1
381.0
45.3
43.9
20.9
60.4
69.7

451.5
146.5

246.7
53.7
27.7
37.3

17.9
65.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division—Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and

JULY IDG
1979 1979P

Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Wnol6$flM And r#tsil trscto

JULY
1979

AUG
1979P

AOG

1978

3.4
15.0
4.0
17.8

16.8
58.1
22.0
78.0

17.4
59.3
22.2
79.2

17.4
59.1
22.2
79.2

2.4
15.3
5.6
17.0

109.0 114.0 114.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
29. 1 29.7 29.7
20.6 21.2 21.2
12.3 13. 4 13.4

444.5
13.9
75.4
74.8
47.8

460.8
14.2
78.0
76.8
48.6

465.6
14.3
78.2
77,3
49.0

16.3
4.4

67.7
19.0

69.1
19.3

70.1
19.6

223.8 237.8 238.8
13.9 15.0 15.1
6.9
7.5
7.5
33.6 35.9 36.0
48.0 49.8 49.8
24.9 26.9 27.2
13.0
14. 1 14.2
20.6 21.6 21.7
9.8
10.5 10.4

969.0
59.5
34.5
137.9
210.8
118.6
75.2
68.5
46.6

AUG

1978
3.4
14.6
3.9
17.5

15.0
4.1

3.4

14. 9
4.0

17.8

16.1
4. 4

AUG

1978

Government

Services

JULY AUG
1979 1979P
2.5

2.5

15.7

15.6

5.6

5.6

17.4

17.2

87.0
2.3
19.9
17.4
14.6

90.2

90.7

10.7
3.7

AUG
197

JULY
1979

17.
48.
19.9
82.9

17.5
47.8
20.9
86.1

325,6
13.6
46. •*
54.1
51.7

AOG

AUG

JUI

ADG

1979

197

197

1979

17.
48.
20.
84.

21.
47.
29.
55.

20.9
47.4
29.2

20.
47.

29.5

3

53.

53.

4

339.3
14.4
46.9
55.2
53.7

340.
14.3
46.7
55.1
53.9

359.
10.
32.
38.4
65.

360.9
11 .3
31.4
39.6
63.2

364.
11.0
31.8
39.5
63.6

5
6

9
10
11

2.4

2.4

20.3
17.8
15.0

20.2
17.8
15.1

11.2

11.2

3.9

3.9

45.4
12.4

47.3
13.1

47.5
13.1

55.0
10.

56.1
10.6

55.5
10.4

994.2
62.5
35.7
142.9
217.2
124.5
78.0
70.8
48.7

995.3 194.4 205.3 205.1
9.7
9.7
9.3
62.6
5.6
35,8
6.0
6.0
14 3.2 30.8 32.4
32.5
217.7 46.3 47.3 47.3
125.1 34.8 37.4
37.3
78.2 12.7 13.3 13.3
71.1 10.2 10.7 10.6
48.6
6.8
6.9
7.0

785.5
48.7
27.3
118.2
179.5
97.1
65.1
56.4
35.8

829.3
50.8
28.9
128.9
190.7
102.7
68.7
59.3
37.4

831.6
51.1
28.8
129.4
191.4
102.7
69.6
59.6
37.5

616.6
38.6
16.6
77.3
117. 4
92.2
61. 1
38.9
23.0

612.0
38.6
16.3
76.5
109.7
94.6
61.5
40.1
23.8

607. 1
37.5
16.3
76.0
108.4
93.9
61.6
39.8
23.6

62.0
21.7
20.7

64. 4
22.8
21.2

64.0
22.8
21.1

248.5
88.1
67.6

255.3
94.8
67.2

256.8
95.9
67.4

51.5
23.3
13.6

53 7
24.4
14.3

53.8
24.5
14.4

174.3
62.4
52.9

184.8
67.8
54.8

186.3
68.0
54.7

209. 7
85.3
28.7

221.0
88.7
28.7

219.4
88.5
28.7

57.7
5.2

60,7
5.5

60.7
5.5

249.3
25.7

258.9
25.7

261.2
25.6

65.3
5.3

68.0

68.7

5.4

5.3

174.8
18.8

178.4
19.1

178.3
19.0

181. 7
19.6

185.9
20.5

185.8
20.7

34.4
3.2

35.9
3.4

35.8
3.4

136.8
18.2

136.9
18,7

137.8
18.7

262.7 266.4 266.9
13,7
14.2 14.3
8.2
7.7
7.7
83.3 82.9 82.8
5.1
5.2
5.1
16.1 16.1 16.2
5.3
5.1
5.1
6.5
6.7
6.7
13.3 13.3 13.5
98.8 98.6 98.3
56.4 56.9 57.0
57.6 58.5 58.6
5.9
6.4
6.4
4.5
4. 6
4.6
6.8
6.8
6.9
2.5
2. 5
2.5
7.0
6.7
6.7

967.2
49.7
11.8
322.7
23.0
44.4
16.9
33.4
51.8
405.8
148.8
209.8
26.3
19.5
27.3
10.6
31.1

956.9
49.2
12.0
323.4
24.5
43.9
17.0
34.2
51.2
407.3
149.8
214.6
27.7
19 f 1
26.7
10.2
31.5

956.1 228.7 239.6 239.7
8.7
8.7
8,4
49.1
1.3
1.3
12,3
1-3
319.3 104.4 108.1 107.8
4.4
4.5
4.5
24.5
43.8 12.0 11.8
11.9
3.7
3.6
17.1
3.8
5.4
5.4
5.2
34.2
51.5
9.6
9.2
9.7
402.9 119.8 124. 1 123.9
148.7 68.6 70.3 70.1
214.4 43.9 45.3 44.9
6.1
5.9
27.7
6. 1
3.4
3.3
3.4
19.2
5.3
5.1
26.7
5.3
2.0
2.0
10.3
1.9
4.3
4.0
31.5
4.3

41. 1
5.3

43.2

43.8

5.6

5.5

101.5
13.6

103.5
13.7

103.8
13.7

74.4
25. 3

77.9
26.8

77.5
27.6

886.9
38.8
8.6
357.3
19.7
37.0
14.9
20.3
42.6
422.7
197.5
195.5
22.3
16.8

911.6
40.0
8.8
362.5
19.6
36.6
15.5
21.0
42.5
430.0
200.6
194.9
23.4
16.6

714.2
29.9

692.5
29.5

692.1
29.0

19.5

911.7
40.0
8.9
363.4
19.7
36.7
15.5
20.9
42.9
430.5
201.6
195.2
23.4
16.7
17.9
7.8
19.6

13.5
13,4

13.6
13.5

13.5
13.5

81.3
81.6

79.9
80.4

80.5
80.8

20.0
20.2

20.5
2 0.7

20.6
20,8

76.7
73.4

79.1
75.6

79.2
75.8

61.0
57.2

61.1
57.8

62.0
58.7

49.9
8.5
8.7

52.4
8.9
9.3
10.3

52.0
8.7
9.3
10.2

216.5
30.6
37.5
49.8

225.8
31,1
38,2
49.6

226.3
31.2
38.3
49.9

44.9
6.0
13.1
8.8

47.1

47.2

6.3

6.2

13.8

13.8

8.8

8.8

148.2
21.4
25.0
32.6

161.5
23.3
25.6
34.7

161.2
23.2
25.7
34.7

211. 4
42.3
48.5
31.8

216.3
44.6
49.6
31.7

216.2
44.0
49.6
31.8

13.3
1.9
4.8

13.2
1.9
4.9

65.2
8.6
15.6

63.3
9.5
15.3

63.2
9.5
14.7

11.2
1.5
3.4

11.7

12.0

50.8

52.2

1.5
3.1

56.0

6.6

53.2

6.1

11.5

50.8
6.0
11.8

56.1

1.4
3.0

11.8

5.0
6.1

5.3
6.3

5.4
6.3

84.0
6.9
7.9
26.5
19.6

83.8
6.9
7.9
26.4
19.6

368.3
30.7
41.8
94.4
79.0

368.5
30.5
41.7
94.1
80,6

368.7
30.2
41. 5
94.2
80.9

73.9
9.4
7.9
19. 1
21.9

75.9

76,2

9.7
8.2

9.8
8.2

19.4
22.7

19.2
22.7

267.5
26.2
30.3
68.2
64.8

274.0
26.0
30.7
70.7
65.0

273.6
26.1
30.7
70.7
64.6

289.6
29.9
41.2
64.4
60.6

294.3
30.7
41.3
65.1
60.7

293.0
30.8
39.6
64.8
61.2

1 O'l 3

13.2
1.9
4.8

83.5
6.8
7.7

25.7
19.1




17.7
7.4

17.8

7.5

244. 1
14.1
55.1
15. 1
13.8
40. 1
305.4
159.8
122.8
15. 3
13.3
19.6

7.5

238.0
14.8
55.5
16.3
13.5
40.2
300.0
1 53 . 3
114.9
15.5
12.7
20.4

1
2

7

8

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
4
5

6
7
8
9
0
1

7.1

240.3
14.6
55.0
15.8
13.5
40.0
302.4
156.6
114.7
15.3
12.9
19.9

2
3
34
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2

7.9

7.2

6.8

3
4

19.7

6.8

17.7

17.6

17.4

5

7

119

8
9
Q

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8 Employees on nonagricultiiral payrolls for States and selected areas by industry d i v i s i o n - C o n t i n u e d
(In thousands)

Mining

Total

ADG
1978
1 TEXAS
2

Amarillo

3

Austin

4

Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange

5

Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth

6
7

El Paso

8

Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Lubbock

9
10
11
12

San Antonio
Waco

13

Wichita Falls

14

UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden

15

16 VERMONT
Burlington * 4
Springfield 1 4

17
18

19 VIRGINIA
20

Bristol

21

Lynchburg

22

Newport News-Hampton

23

Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Poi tsmouth . .

24

Northern Virginia \ 5

25

Petersburg-Colonial Hgts.-Hopewell. . .

26

Richmond

27

Roanoke

28 WASHINGTON
29

Seattle-Everett

30
31

Spokane
Tacoma

32 WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
33
Huntington-Ash land
34
Parkersburg-Marietta
35
Wheeling
36
37

WISCONSIN

38
39

Appleton Oshkosh
Eau Claire

40
41

Green Bay
Kenosha

42
43

La Crosse
Madrson

44

Milwaukee

45

Racine

46 WYOMING
47

Casper

48

Cheyenne

1

JOLT
1979

5 , 2 6 3 . 0 5,510.6
71.8
73.0
226.3
214. 4
142.7
145.2
114.0
111.2
1 r 2 8 6 . 3 1,366.8
155.2
150. 0
69. 3
68.0
1,275*.3 1,321^3
86.7
85.9
Ofifl q
OD4. J

OTA

1

•J / \J » O

AUG

AOG

1979P

1978

ocq 7

3Dy• /

11 »Q
-7




3.9
2.5

38.4
26.4

39..8
27..3

40. 4
27.6

11.4

10.4
-

10.9

18.0

18.0

7.2

7.6

7.6

192. 1
50.3
14.2

195.7
52.7
14.8

196.8
52.9
14.7

.8
-

.8
-

.8
-

2,067.4 2, 118.3 2,120.6
28.0
27.7
27.7
72.3
72.2
69. 1
149.7
150.5
147.7
282.2
282.6
280.2
420.5
421.2
413.4
47.8
48.2
46.3
322.0
320.7
320.5
104.7
105.1
102.6

21.5

25.5

IU4iO

57.0
66. 1
1,903.4
123. 1
44.0
76.3
43.8
40.3
158. 1
650.7
69.6
198.5
37. 1
26.3

1 n/i p

57.4
64.5

(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)

630.2
109.7

1 nil Q

57.7
65.1

1,970.0 1,974.8
128.2
127.6
44.5
44.5
78.0
77.3
45.0
43.2
40.1
41.'7
163.3
162.3
676.5
675.0
71.7
71.7
215.0
46.1
27.7

218.9
47.1
27.7

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.3

(1)
(1)

P)
(1)
.4

(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.4

(1)
.4
.1

(1)
.4
.1

3.0

O)
d)

3.2
(1)
(1)

(1)

(D

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

67.3

69.4

. D

.5

_
-

-

25.2 144.7

(1)
.4
.2

6.7

1.6
4.0
8.7

20.8
30.4
2.7

20.3
6.7

104.0
44.8
9.3
8.9

5.9

6.2

6.2

148.2

411.4

410.5

414.1

1.7
4.1
8.2

9.6

9.4

9.7

6.4

29.1
33.7
29.9
15.7
11*9
54.4
21.4

29.8
33.3
29.6
16.5
11.5
54.6
20.9

29.9
33.1
29.8
16.5
11.5
55.3
20.8

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

290.5
152.5
18.2
21.6

314.9
167.2
18.5
21.9

41.7

'126.3
19.7
29.5
18.2
13.7

122.6
19.2

123.5
19.0

17.9
13.4

18.2
13.5

575.1
48.9

580.3
50.4

9.3

8.6

20.4
30.3
2.7

19.5

3.0

3.6

95.2

95.9

7.4
1.8
3.9
1.5
1.9
8.5

7.4
1.9
3.9
1.5
2.1
8.7

26.3

26.6

2.5

2.5

27.6

28.1

6.3
3.0

6.3
3.0

(1)

34. 1
10.9

34.9
11.0
(1)

24.5
4.1
2.2

7.6
(1)

50.5
13.9

3.8
4.3

ID

(D
(1)

(D
d>

hf 9

49.6
13.8

0 . O

(D

12.2
217.9
12.4

48.8
13.0

_
-

.5

(1)

qi c.

9.7

28.0
41.4
13.8
300^6
31.0
12.1
217.8
12.4

85.4
57.6

1 0
I • U

93.6
6.8
2.0
4.1
1.5
1.6
8.6
25.7
2.8

27.7
41.4
14.2
304.6

81.7
55.1

.5

3.1
(1)

26.5
41.7
13.9
285.4
30. 3
12.1
210.9
13.5

998.9

87.3
58.5

40.4
5.3
7 n
/•U

3.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

9.6

17.2

C

3,0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)

1,002.3

8.6

1979P

ui
^
H / •J

7.5

4.2

959.5

AOG

17.2

43.4
£

JOLT
1979

H 1 . Z.

6.6

6.8

29.4

114.3
51.1
8.3
10.0

1978

16.2

68.7

6.8

(1)

148.2
1.7
4.2
8. 1
2 0..4
30.2
2.8
19.8
6.3

AOG

/I "T A
*T / • U

3.4
2.9

6.6
1I a 0
\J

7.1

d)

r>

2(1)
.5

16.9

2.7

oc

(1)
2.5

556.5
396.3

67.8
49.9

(1)

Oil f.
<tt. D

oc 9
3..4
2.9

Q

I.J

550.6
392.3

I vlJ• D

JOLT AOG
1979 1979P

1

525.5
376.5

630.2
109.0

1978

1 Q
I.?

66.0
48.9

623. 1
110.8

AOG

5,509.4 185.8 1 9 8 . 1 199.7 395.8 4 1 2 . 2 413,9
5.5
5.0
5.5
73.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
13.3 1 4 . 3 14.7
225.5
(1)
(1)
d)
14.6 1 4 . 1 15.0
143.3
d)
(1)
d)
5.0
5 .2
5.2
11.8 1 3« 3 13.5
113.8
1,3 64.9 19.5 21.3 2i".5 71.7 7 9.. 8 79! 1
7 Q
7.8
9. 1
154. 6
d)
(D
d)
/ w J
4.8
4.8
67. 9
(1)
(1)
4.. 6
(1)
1,318.6 62.1 6 2 . 2 62.7 142.3 14 1^9 140.2
5.6
6..1
5.9
87.2
d)
(1)
(1)

Combined with services.
2
Combined with construction.
3
Revised to 1979 benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data.
4
Area included in Chicago-Gary Standard Consolidated Statistical area.
5
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey.
6
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
7
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
9
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
1
° Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.

120

JOLT AOG
1979 1979P

67.8
49.9

1,517.7 1,608.9
762.1
712.0
126.5
124.8
142.7
133.9

Manufacturing

Construction

6.7
*7 1
/ • I

4.3

9.1

9.5

90 Q

22.4
18.4
10.6
20.2
209.8
30.1

22.3
17.7
10.9
18.7
211.7
31.6

9.6
1.7
1.5

10.8
1.9
1.5

9.4

(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)

9Q A
£. Zt • U

58 2 . 6
50.8
8.6
22.6
19.3
9.0
19.2
213.5
31.8
11.0
2.0
1.6

11
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area: Philadelphia County.
12
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area: Lackawanna County.
13
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area: Luzerne County.
14
Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately.
15
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p=preliminary.
* Not available.

SOURCE—Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE A N D AREA EMPLOYMENT
B-8. Employees on nonagricuKural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division-Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

AUG

AUG

1979P

1978

JULY
1973

7.6

939.9
14.6
37.5
23.9
18.2
242.7
25.7
10.4
260.0
15.8
69.9
13.2
7.5

896.0
11.3
74.8
17.3
24.4
161.3
30.8
16.7
137.6
16.8
90.5
11.2
10.4

959.6
10.9
79.5
16.8
24.7
167.3
33.2
16.5
144.2
17.5
90.3
11.1
10.6

949.0
11.1
77.8
16.8
24.6
165.4
33.0
16.6
144.1
17.7
90.0
11.0
10.6

91.4
64.0

99.4
69.7

100.6
70.8

110. 0
81.7

112.8
81.6

113.2
81.9

7.8
-

43.1
10.5

43.5
11.2

43.7
11.2

31.4

32.4

31.9

-

2.8

2.8

2.8

-

-

99.6 103.5 103.6

371.7
3.2

377.9

376.5

478.4

495.4

494.9

19

3.4

3.4

10.4
29.9
51.6
104.7

10.5
29.6
51.8
104.7

5.1
9.6

4.9
9.7

4.9
9.7

20

9.5

40.7
77.3
114.7
16.3
70.0
16.7

40.5
76.6
114.3
15.8
71.1
16.5

JULY
1979

338.4 354.8 356.9 1 , 2 8 7 . 2 1 , 3 3 4 . 8 1,336.7 300.9 313.2 314.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
21.6
21.7
22.3
7.0
6.9
6.8
13.5
13.3 13.4
47.4
47.1
44.3
6.6
6.7
6.7
5
.
4
5
.
5
5
.5
29.9
30.0
31.9
10.9 11.1 10.8
5.5
5*2
5.4
26.3
26.5
6.7
6.3
26.6
6.6
364.1 96. 1 100.7 101.3
360.4
340.9
84.0 89.9 9 0 . 2
7.4
6.9
7.3
39.1
39.0
37.6
10.4 10.6 10.6
4.6
4.5
4.6
12.7
12.8
13.4
6.7
6.8
6.9
3 1 3 . 7 76.5 80.7 80.6
314.8
303.5
95.0 100.2 9 9 . 5
4.6
4.4
4.6
25.4
25.8
25.5
5.0
4.9
4.9
9 3 . 5 24.7 2 5 . 0 24.9
93.9
91.3
16.0 17.0 16-. 9
4. 1
4.2
3.8
15.5
15. 5
15.1
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.3
2.3
2.2
12.3
12.1
2.4
12.2
2.4
2.4

899.4
14.2
35.5
23.4
17.7
227.4
24.9
10.9
247.4
15.2
68.3
12.6

935.6
14.8
37.6
23.8
18.5
242.8
25.6
10.5
259.4
15.8
69.8
13.2

7.4

26.5
21.7

1978

JULY AUG
1979 1979P

1UG

1978

JULY
1979

AUG

AUG

1979P

1978

JULY AUG
1979 1979P

33.2
26.3

34.9
27.5

35.3
27.8

129.2
95.6

133.8
99.6

135.2
100.4

24.9
20.2

26.4
21.5

8.7
2.3
.7

8.9
2.3
.7

9.0
2.2
.7

40.4
10.9
2.2

42.2
11.8

42.2
11.8

2.3

2.3

7.5
-

7.9
-

104.4 114.0 113.8
1.X)
1.0
1.0
2.7
2.7
?.5
5.1

5.1

18.2
29.1
1.6
20.2
10.0

18.1
29.0
1.6
20.2
10.0

6.6

94.6
51.7
7.8
7.1

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

39.6

42.8

9.5
9.2
2.6
3.8

9.8
9.6

5.0

17.3
2 7.8
r.3
19.2
6.9

86.9
47.8
8.0

2.6
3.8

86.2
4.0
2.5
5.2

88.3

2.4
2.4

1.6
2.4

4.0
2.6

5.5

5.8;
5.6 |
32.0; 3 3 . 3i
2.4
2.3j
15.0 17. 2
2.6
2.$
3.6

M




43.9
9.8
9.6
2.6
3.8

88.5
4.1
2.6
5.4
1.7

2.4
5.9

33.6
2.4

17.4
2.8
3.7

435.7

443.3

444.3

6.3

6.4

6.4

11.3
27.7
69.0
97.7
9.0
73.4
25.6

11.9
28.2
70.5
98.9
8.7
71.7
26-. 0

11.9
28.1
70.7
98.6

375.4
175.4
34.9
32.5

393.5
184.1
36.2
34.5

126.6
25.5
22.7
12.1
14.7

129.4
25.6
23.2
12.2
15.1

437.4
25.1
11.7
19.2
8.3

10.8
35.0
147.2
12.7;
46.3'
10.0
6.8

463.4
25.9
12.6
20.1
8.6

11.1
36.1
154.7
13.2
50.2
13.0!
7. 8j

.9
3.1
5.0

3-. 5
5.2

.9
3.5
5.1

14.8
25.6

15.0
26.7

14.8
26.7

.9

AUG

6.1

57.7
19.1
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

287.5
108.0
18.8
29.5

292*3
112.1
19.3
32.8

90.0
18.7
14.4

110.7
18.5
17.0

8.2

9.6
7.3

114.9
18.9
17.0
10.0

110.0
18.3
16.7
9.9

12.8

89.4
18.7
14.4
8.2
12.5

7.5

7.3

344.4
19.6

364.4
20.4

367.8
20.5

9.1

9.7

9.7

13.0
7.0

13.1

13.4
7.5

1.3

1.3

26.3

26.4

5.8

6.0

5.9

(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)

86.6
50.6

92.5
52.8

8.1
6.8

8.1

(*)
(*)
(*)
<*)

283.8
132.9
27.5
28.0

303.6
143.1
28.3
29.3

88.6
18.5
14.2

466.8
26.3
12.7
20.4
8.6

11.3
36.6
155.2
13.2
51.6
13.3
8. 1

21.2
4.9
3.7

21.3
5.0

2. 5

3.7
1.9
2.5

87.6

92.0

92.3

4.8
1.4

5.2
1.4
2.8
1.0
1.0

5.2
1.5
2.8
1.0
1.0

12.9
37.0
2.3;

13.0
37.0

7.2!
1.5j

7.3
1.5
1.5

3.7
T.9

2.4

2.7
.9
.9

11.9
35.7
2.2

6.7!
1.4|
1.6|

1.9

1.5

2.3

8.4

8.7

27.4
129.7
10.9
30.6
5.2
4.3

7.4
9.2

29.1
139.7
11.1!
32.1!
5.4
3.6

12.6

9.2

29.3
139.8
11.1
33.(
5.(
3.1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

6.0

1.3

25.0

20.6
4.9

1979P

57.7
19.1

8.8

71.4
25.9

7.1

AUG

39.5
76.2
114.8
14.3
70.7
16.9

28.1
52.2
101.1
5.8
57.1
19.1

131.0
25.8
23.3
12.2
15.1

Government

Services

and real estate

1978

AUG

j

Finance, insurance,

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

283.5
14.3

277.8
14.0

7.9
9.7

7.8
9.6

5.2

5.5

7.7
9.4
5.4
5.1

40
41

50.7
70.1

43
44

276.1
13.9

5.3

5.2

49.5
70. 6
8.6

51.2
72.3|
8.6|
35.8

36.4

4. 5

6.3

4.3
6.5

37
38
39

42

8 . 5 45

35.6
4.<

16

6.4 [7
4fl

121

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HBTOWCAL HOURS AMD EARNINGS
C-1. Gross hours

—wings of production or nonsupervisory workers1

on private

payrolls by industry division, 1957 to dvta

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

WMkty

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Wwkly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Hourly
earnings exd.

(Manufacturing

1957.
1950......
19592/
19607
1961......
1962
1S63......
1 964
•..
1965......
1966
1967
1968......
1969
1 970
1971
1972
1973
197U
1975
1976
1 977
1978......
1978:
SEPT
OCT
NOV
DEC
1979:
JAN
FES
HAS.
APH
MAY.....
JUN.
JUL
AUG.P/..
SEPT.P .

98.82
101.84
107.73
11 4. 61
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70

30.8
30.5
39.0
3 0.6
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.7
38.a
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
37. 1
36.9
37.0
36.9
3b.5
36. 1
36. 1
36.0
35.8

$1.89
1.95
2.02
2.09
2.14
2.22
2.28
2.36
2-46
2-56
2.68
2.85
3.04
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69

$98.25
96.08
103.68
105.04
106.92
110.70
114.40
117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.30
164. 40
172.14
189. 14
201.40
219. 14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.11

40.1
38.9
40.5
40.4
40.5
41.0
41.6
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
4 2.6
43.0
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.3

$2.45
2.47
2-56
2.60
2.64
2.70
2.75
2.81
2.92
3.05
3-19
3.35
3.60
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67

$100.27
103.78
108.41
112.67
118.08
122.47
127. 19
132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181. 54
195.45
211.67
221-19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283-73
295-65
318.32

37.0
36.8
37.0
36.7
36.9
37-0
37.3
37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
3 7.3
37.9
37.3
3 7.2
36.5
36.8
3t>.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8

$2.71
2.82
2.93
3.07
3.20
3.31
3.41
3.55
3.70
3.89
4-1 1
4.4 1
4.79
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.3 1
7.71
8.10
8.65

190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27

208.94
210.73
210.50
213.35

3 5.9
3 5.9
35.0
3t>.1

5.82
5.87
5.88
5.91

345.83
348.73
35 2.59
349.80

43.5
43.7
43.8
4 3-4

7.95
7.98
8.05
8.06

332. 11
336.93
324.49
330.04

37.4
37.9
36.5
37.0

8.88
8.89
8.89
8.92

210. 14
212.40
214.91
211.65
216.20
219.71
221.76
222.84
224.55

35.2
35.4
35.7
35.1
35.5
35.9
36. 0
36.0
35.7

5.97
6.00
6.02
6.03
6.09
6.12
6.16
6.19
6.29

347.68
349.75
354.78
363.80
361.66
367.62
355.28
365.49
375.38

4 2.4
42.6
42.9
42.6
42-8
43.3
41.7
43.1
43.7

8.20
8.21
8.27
8.54
8.45
8.49
8.52
8.48
8.59

310.71
319. 31
331. 89
320.21
340.01
346.03
348-35
354. 16
360.24

34.6
35.4
37.0
35.5
37.2
37.9
37.7
38.0
38.0

8.98
9.02
8.97
9.02
9.14
9.13
9.24
9.32
9.48

$73.33
75.08
78.78
30.67
82.60
05.91
88.46
9 1.33

95.45

Transportation and
public utilities

1957
1958.19592/
1960......
1961.
1962
1963.
$118.78
1964...
125.14
1965
128.13
1966.
130.82
1967
138.85
1968
. .
147.74
1969
155.93
1970
168.82
1971
187.86
1972
203.31
1973
217.48
1974
233.44
1975
256.71
1976..
278.90
1977
302.80
1978......
1978:
307.68
SEPT
.
311.20
OCT.....
310.42
NOV
315.57
DEC

1979:
JAN
FEB
MAE
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL...-.

AOG.P/-.
SEPT.P. .
1
2

312.84
316.01
314.42
307.32
314.42
321.20
329.20
336.47
337. 16

$59.60

255.60
257.00
260.94
268.27

40.7
40.6
4 0.9
41.4

6.28
6.33
6.38
6.48

5.99
6.04
6. 10
6.19

260.25
262. 10
266.34
254.41
265. 86
26 9.06
267.73
267.60
272.96

40. 1
40.2
4 0.6
38.9
40. 1
40.4
39.9
40.0
40.2

6.49
6.52
6.56
6.54
6.63
6.66
6.71
6.69
6.79

6.22
6.25
6.28
6.34
6.36
6.39
6.45
6.43
6.50

96.56

99.23
102.97
107.53
112. 19
114.49
122.51
129.51
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80

39.8
39.2
40.3
39.7
39.8
40.4
40.5
4 0.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40-6
39.8

3 9.9
40.5

Finance, insurance, and
real estate

101.75
108.70
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148-19
155.43
165-26
178.36

36.7
37. 1
37.3
37.2
36.9
37,3
37.5
37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4

$1.84
1.89
1-95
2.02
2.09
2. 17
2-25
2-30
2.39
2.47
2-58
2.75
2.93
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.90

$70.03
73. 60
77-04
80.38
83. 97
90.57
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153-45
163-67

36. 1
35.9
35.5
35. 1
34.7
34.7
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33-0
32.8

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99

$1.54
1.60
1.66
1.71
1.76
1.83
1.89
1-97
2.04
2. 14
2.25
2.41
2-56
2.72
2.88
3.05
3.23
3.48
3.73
3.97
4.28
4.67

$67.53
70. 12
72.74
75. 14
77. 12

41. 1
41.3
41.2
40.5
4 0.6
40. 7
40.5
40. 1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0

$2.89
3.03
3.1 1
3-23
3.42
3.6 3
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.0 2
5.4 1
5-88
6.45
6.99
7.57

101.09
106.45
111.76
119.02
126.45
133.79
142.52
153.64

39.7

40.0
39.9
40.2

7.75
7.78
7.78
7.85

155.80
157.11
156.00
159.21

32.8
32.8
32.5
33.1

4.75
4.79
4-80
4.81

180.91
183.73
182.59
184.04

36.4
36.6
36.3
36.3

4.97
5.02
5.03
5.07

165.14
167.10
167.24
167.70

3 2.7
32.7
32.6
32.5

5.05
5.11
5. 13
5.16

39.6
39.9
3 9.8
39.0
39.6
40.0
40.0
40.2
39.9

7.90
7.9 2
7.9 0
7.88
7.94
8.03
8.23
8.37
8.45

158.72
159.54
161.35
162.50
162-00
165. 16
168.17
167.66
166.91

32.0
32.1
32.4
32.5
32.4
32.9
33.3
33.2
32.6

4.96
4.97
4.98
5.00
5.00
5.02
5.05
5.05
5. 12

186.73
138.92
187.31
190.37
188.44
188.96
192.56
191.50
194.39

36.4
36.4
36.3
36.4
36.1
36-2
36.4
36.2
36.2

5.13
5. 19
5.16
5.23
5.22
5.22
5.29
5.29
5.37

169.45
170.75
171.48
171.93
171. 28
173.38
176.16
175.96
177.56

32.4
32.4
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.9
33.3
33.2
32.7

5.23
5.27
5.26
5.29
5.27
5.27
5.29
5.30
5.43

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B 2.




$1.98
2.05
2. 12
2. 19
2.25
2.31
2.37
2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91

88.26
89.72
92.34

38.7
33.6
38.8
38.6
38.3
38.2
38. 1
37.9
37.7
37.1
36.6
36.1
35.7
35.3
35.1
34.9
34.6
34.2
33.9
33.7
33.3
32.9

61.76
64.41
66.01
67.41
69.91
72.01

Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959.

p= preliminary.

Wholesale and
retail trade

1

4 0.7
40.0
39.5
40. 1
40.3
4 0.4

$2.04
2.10
2 . 19
2.26
2.32
2.39
2.45
2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.0 1
3.19
3.35
3.57
3.82
4-09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17

$81. 19
82.32

74.66
76.91
79.39
82. 35
87.00
91.39

96.02

80.94
84.38
85.79
88.91
92. 13

95.72

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of they
revisions, data beginning in 1977 may differ from data published earlier. See article in
this issue for additional information.

123

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricufoiral payrolls
by industry
Averaga weekly aarningi
1972
SIC
Cod«

Industry
Aug.
1973

TOTAL PRIVATE

Sept.
1978

July
197 9

Aug.
1979

$206.70 $208.94 $221.76 $222.84

MINING

337.31

345.83

355.28

365.49

Sept.
1979P

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979P

$224.55

$5.71

$5.82

$6. 16

$6. 19

375.38

7.79

7.95

8.52

8.48

10
101
102

METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores

341.88
361.96
341.75

357.81
373.05
362.75

3 78.39
405.34
416.78

390.10
415.47
410.98

8.40
8.68
8.63

8.56
8.84
8.72

9.32
9.56
9.67

9.40
9.73
9.67

11,12
12

COAL MINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .

386.80
387.60

39 2.62
393.81

391.03
392.15

412.40
413.60

9.67
9.69

9.84
9.87

(*)
(*)

10.31
10.34

13
131,2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

315.70

326.24

337.90

342.21

7.00

7.17

7.75

7.69

328.02
311.14

345.24
317.51

361.74
328.55

358.94
335.71

8.02
6.62

8.22
6.7^7

8.78
7.35

8.67
7.33

299.46
299.08

299.33
301.11

316.23
316.24

322.00
324.08

6.44
b.27

6.48
6.26

6.95
6.70

7.00
6.78

14
142

NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS .
Crushed and broken stone

329.99

332.11

348.35

354.16

8.73

8.88

9.24

9.32

294.48
279.36
262.55
317.58

294.28
277.89
259.15
318.56

312.54
295.20
2 72.12
338.37

315.73
297.83
281.42
341.14

8.09
7.76
7.02
8.63

8.22
7.85
7. 10
8.80

8.61
8.20
7.58
9.22

8.65
8.25
7.71
9.22

340.29
341.39
339.80

346.08
340.20
349.40

359.31
364.99
355.69

370.09
3 76.4 7
366.87

8. 18
7.3 3
3.39

8.40
7.93
8.67

8.70
8.41
8.87

8.77
8.46
8.97

346.89
362.70
316.39
400.13
321.28
299.65
283.66

348.50
369.19
314.35
401.57
318.29
306.09
280.06

362.73
379.62
318.62
424.27
337.92
311.17
296.67

367-41
381.27
J22.37
427.39
345.68
315.76
298.94

9.3 5
9.57
3.74
10.42
9.05
8.37
8.27

9.47
9.69
8.33
10.54
9.12
8.55
8.36

9.83
9.99
8.95
11.02
9.60
8. 79
8.70

9.93
10.06
9.03
11.13
y.7i

CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS

16
161
162

Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

. .

MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-31

360.24

Sept.
1979P

$6.29
8.59

8.32
8.69

249.27

255.60

267.73

267.60

272.96

6.17

6.28

6.71

6.69

6.79

DURABLE GOODS

268.71

277.79

238.86

287.65

293.54

6.57

6.71

7.15

7.12

7.23

NONDURABLE GOODS

220.18

223.51

236.38

237.98

240.95

5.56

5-63

6.03

6.04

6. 10

DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members . .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

226.63
294.26
241.31
256.05
160.80
222.32
213.84
202.00
178.15
284.62
158.12
204.34
201. 17
185.00

229.60
306.06
242.76
256.44
163.22
224.07
214.09
206.92
178.36
286.63
158.30
206.27
202.69
187.53

245.46
331.97
262.68
276.62
175.80
233.92
221.54
200.38
189.37
30b.83
169.93
210.74
206.82
200.80

249.20
J33.6O
263.63
279.34
174.87
239.37
223.69
208.90
192.32
317.65
172.66
217.17
216.22
204.62

255.10

5.68
7.32
5.90
6.23
4.00
5.60
5.40
5.14
i*.51
7.08
4.15
5.28
5.28
4.66

5.74
7.52
5.95
6.27
4.04
5.63
5.42
5.16
4.55
7. 13
4.21
5.33
5.32
4.70

6.23
8.32
6.47
6.83
4.33
6.06
5.83
5.46
4.77
7.69
4.46
5.59
5.53
5.02

6.23
8.30
6.43
6.78
4.35
6.0b
5.81
5.44
4.82
7.71
4.52
5.70
5.69
5.04

6.33

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

186.44
174.00
163.15
181.45
175.41
200.88
207.36
207.56
224.40
207.95

188.02
174.33
161.87
184.99
175.95
202.36
211.82
217.04
229.64
206.06

191.52
178.42
169.40
181.77
190.51
19d.32
211.58
183.81
238.70
211.50

195.84
183.94
171.94
191.11
192.27
207.97
2 19.35
196.13
243.82
190.40

198.01

4.72
4.45
4.12
4.75
4.58
5.06
5.12
5.05
5.61
5. 16

4.76
4.47
4.14
4.78
4.57
5.11
5.23
5. 18
5.67
5.21

5.04
4.72
4.40
4.98
4.91
5.36
5.37
5. 12
6.20
5.61

5.10
4.79
4.42
5.11
5.02
5.43
5.47
5.23
6.22
5.60

5.17

See footnotes at end of table.

124




,

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Aug,
1978

TOTAL PRIVATE

Sept.
1978

July
197 9

1979

36.2

3 5.9

36.0

36.0

35.7
43.7

43.3

43.5

41.7

43.1

10
101
102

METAL MINING
Iron ores
Copper ores

40.7
41.7
39.6

41.8
42.2
41.6

40.6
42.4
43. 1

41.5
4 2. 7
42.5

11.12
12

COAL MINING
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING .

4 0. G
40.0

39.9
39.9

37.1
37. 1

(*)
(*)

13
131,2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural
gas liquids
Oil and gas field services

45. 1

45.5

43.6

44.5

4 0.9
47.0

4 2.0
46.9

41.2
44.7

41.4
45.8

NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS

4 6.5
47.7

46.2
48.1

4 5.5
4 7.2

46.0
4 7.8

37.3

37.4

J7.7

3 8-0

MINING

14
142

Crushed and broken stone
CONSTRUCTION
15
152
153
154
16
161
162
17
171

172
173
174
175

176

1979

Aug.
197 8

Sept.
1978

36.4
36.0
37.4
36.8

35.8
35.4
36.5
36.2

36. 3
36.0
J5.9
36.7

3 6.5
3b. 1
36.5
37.0

41.6
43.6
40.5

41.2
42.9
40.3

4 1.3
43.4
40. 1

4 2.2
44.5
40.9

SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS
Plumbing, heating, air conditioning
Painting, paper hanging, decorating
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentering and flooring
Roofing and sheet metal work

37. 1
37.9
36.2
38.4
35.5
35.8
34.3

36.8
38.1
35.6
38. 1
34.9
35.8
33.5

36.9
38.0
3 5.6
38.5
J5.2
35.4
34.1

37.0
37.9
35.7
38.4
35.6
35.8
34.4

40. 4

40.7

39.9

40.0

40.2

3.6

3-9

MANUFACTURING

Aug. p
1979

Sept.p
1979

38.0

Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS . .
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS

July
19 79

3-2

3-3

3.6

24. 25,
32-39

DURABLE GOODS

40.9

41.4

4 0.4

40.4

40.6

3.7

4.2

3.4

3.4

3.6

20-23,
26-31

NONDURABLE GOODS

39.6

39.7

39.2

39.4

39.5

3.4

3.6

3.0

3.2

3.5

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Logging camps and logging contractors
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

39.9
40.2
40.9
41. 1
40.2
39.7
39.6
39.3
39.5
40.2
30. 1
38.7
38. 1
39.7

40.0
40-7
40.8
40.9
40.4
39.8
39.5
4 0.1
39.2
4 0.2
37.6
38.7
3 8. 1
39.9

39.4
39.9
40.6
40.5
40.6
38.6
38.0
36.7
39.7
39.9
38.1
3 7.7
37.4
4 0.0

40.0
4 0.2
41.0
41.2
40.2
39.5
38.5
38.4
39.9
41.2
38.2
38. 1
38.0
4 0.6

4 0.3

3-9 !
4-7 |
4.8
5.1
4.0
3-3
2.5
2.6
3.8
4. 8
3.0
2.8
2-1
3.3

3-9
4.9
4-7
4.9
3.9
3-4
2-6
2.6
3.8
4.9
3. 1
2.7
2.0
3.8

3-4
4.0
4.3
4.7
3.2
2.9
1.8
2.3
3.6
4.3
2.6
2.1
1.6
3. 2

3.7
4.9
4.9
3.3
3.1
2.0
2. 1
3-7
4.8
2.7
2.3
1.9
3.4

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furnitjre
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

39.5

39.5
39.0
39-1
38.7
38.5
39.6
40.5
41.9
40.5
39.4

38.0
37.8
38.5
36.5
38.8
37.0
39.4
3 5.9
38.5
37.7

38.4
38.4
3 8.9
37.4
38.3
38.3
40. 1
37.5
3 9.2
34.0

38.3

2.8
2.6
3.3
1.7
1.5
3.7
2.7
3. 1
3.3
2.8

2.9
2-8
3.3
2.1
1.6
4.3
2.7
3.1
3.7
2.6

1. 9
1.8
2.2
1.0
2.0
2. 1
1-9
2.1
2.7
1.8

2.2
2.1
2.5
1.3
1.5
3.2
2.3
2.3
3.0
2.1

DURABLE GOODS
24
241
242

2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451

249
25
251

2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

39. 1
39.6
38.2
38.3
39.7
40.5
41. 1
40.0
40.3

4.6

See footnotes at end of table.




125

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuHuraf payrolls
by industry—Continued
Avarafi hourly Mrningi
1972
SIC
Cod*

Aug.
1978

32
321
322
3221

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292

.

$269.
343.
270.
286.
246.
253.
370.
208.
201,
286.
265.
241.
323.
266,
251.
286.

Sept.
1978

3272.8 1
352.29
271,22
284.72
252.00
271.57
380.80
213.91
205.28
285.56
265.64
247.66
318.35
268.39
252.72
289.29

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

Sept,
I979P

$285.94 $2 88.42 $288.27
353.56 365.82
290.24 2 86.4 0
303.91 301.85
270.68 265.72
241.18 238.46
412.13 409.07
229.34 224.68
216.03 213.33
301.34 309.47
287.84 293.20
256.39 266.17
334.28 343.35
283.59 287.73
268.13 266.67
291.75 288.93

1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug. P
1979

Sept,P
1979

$5.41
7.94
6.69
7.01
6.21
6.22
8.81
5.12
5.23
6.42
5.82
5.69
7.11
6.31
b.20
o.53

$6.48
8.08
6.73
7.03
6.30
6.42
8.96
5.23
5.25
6.49
5.89
5.80
7.17
6.36
6124
6.62

$6.89
8.54
7.22
7.56
6.75
6.20
9.72
5.58
5.67
6.88
6.34
6.09
7.58
6.85
6.67
7.03

$6.90
8.71
7.16
7.49
6.71
6.21
9.58
5.48
5.57
6.97
6.53
6. 19
7.63
6.90
6.65
7.03

$6.98

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

347.36
397.44
409.70
314.57
302.70
310.55
309.20
288.42
364.59
388.03
311.16
300.91
372.70
290.60
254.00
261.76

356.17
409.34
422.84
328.25
312.06
319.50
317.16
297.22
363.58
383.16
320.54
304.10
388.37
300.18
260.19
271.01

373.35
438.06
452.28
340.70
311.55
316.80
322.76
302.66
393.33
409.86
333.26
303.84
404.92
303.88
264.40
277.78

370.87
433.46
447.01
346.92
302.48
304.52
303.06
308.80
403.10
427.38
334.11
314.76
403.79
303.36
262.94
2b9.60

373.42

8.31
9.60
9.92
7.58
7. 19
7.29
7.73
6.90
8.66
9. 13
7.27
6.87
8.79
6.87
6.18
6.40

8.42
9.70
10.02
7.76
7.36
7.50
7.87
7.01
8.74
9.30
7.42
6.88
8.99
7.03
6.30
6.61

9.04
10.48
10.82
8.33
7.75
7.92
8.34
7.40
9.57
10. 12
7.86
7.20
9.55
7.34
6.66
6.91

9.09
10.65
11.01
8.40
7.60
7.69
8.06
7.55
9.69
10.20
7.88
7.32
9.66
7.24
6.59
6.74

9.13

259.72
366.17
377.27
246.24
230.47
261.81
221.36
215.72
217.23
245.02
261.99
191.97
266.38
248.46
244.22
255.00
237.30
273.05
301.81
331.85
368.90
227.93
207.14
197.60
228.93
251.07
222.34
245.22
263.94
212.40

265.74
361.88
373.64
250.71
238.19
264.27
2 23.11
216.86
222.24
249.28
264.4 5
194.93
274.73
250.74
243.00
260.22
240.24
280.99
315.33
340.85
384.88
235.34
210.37
202.61
228.17
256.63
225.81
249.90
269.19
216.80

274.04
410.86
427.31
255.19
254.23
259.11
233.58
232.00
221.63
261.88
285.07
205.14
283.20
262.47
250.49
263.53
247.16
280.64
312.38
322.34
393.95
238.80
220.95
212.51
239.13
267.20
244.10
261.46
278.80
230.45

276.21
404.52
4 19.33
253.23
253.68
256.58
238.55
235.76
227.89
269.20
291.99
212.79
294.44
269.28
254.80
266.20
250.66
283.18
3 07.97
319.20
380.14
245.43
223.04
213.40
243.72
2 77.03
249.56
262.68
281.67
228.34

281.64

6.35
8.21
8.44
6.08
5.82
6.37
5.59
5.42
5.57
6.08
6.39
4.86
6.61
6.29
6.06
6.00
5.65
6.35
7.29
7.92
8.68
5.67
5. 14
4.94
5.57
6.23
5.79
6.04
6.36
5.31

6.45
8.30
8.55
6. 16
5.94
6.43
5.62
5.49
5.57
6.14
6.45
4.91
6.75
6.30
6.00
6.08
5.72
6.43
7.49
8.02
8.93
5.74
5.22
5.04
5.62
6.29
5.85
6.11
6.44
5.42

6.80
9.01
9.33
6.51
6.34
6.73
6.02
5.80
5.91
6.58
6.97
5.26
7.08
6.73
6.39
6.35
5.97
6.73
7.79
8.55
9.47
6.00
5.51
5.38
5.79
6.68
6.39
6.44
6.80
5.69

6.82
9.07
9.36
6.46
6.39
6.63
6.07
5.85
5.95
b.68
7.07
5.36
7.27
6.80
6.50
6.43
6.04
6.84
7.68
8.40
9.34
6.0b
5.59
5.43
5.93
b.79
6.35
6.47
6.67
5.68

6.92

3496

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353

MACHINERY. EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery

280.80
333.68
299.09
346.93
289.84
298.56
306.37

290.07
346.44
318.78
356.16
307.57
318.48
313.34

302.82
363.85
315.19
377.73
344.32
358.64
321.94

302.82
345.20
271.21
366.22
319.95
328.02
329.96

311.92

6.75
8.06
7.44
8.28
7.21
7.39
7.26

6.89
8.19
7.59
8.40
7.52
7.73
7.39

7.35
8.81
7.86
9.08
8.14
8.36
7.91

7.35
8.92
8.12
9.11
7.90
8.02
7.97

7.48

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357

336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423.
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452

346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494

See footnotes at end of table.

126



ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisoiy workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry-Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273
329
3291
3292

hours

Industry

Aug.
1978

STONE, CLAY AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Glass and glassware pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products .

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

42.1
43.3
40.4
40.9
39.7
40.7
42.0
40.7
38.6
44.6
45.6
42.5
45.5
42.2

4 2. 1
43.6
40.3
40.5
4 0.0
42.3
42.5
40.9
39.1
44.0
45. 1
42.7
4 4.4
42.2

41.5
41.4
40.2
4 0.2
4 0. 1
38.9
42.4
41. 1
38.1
43.8
4 5.4
42. 1
44. 1
41.4

41.8
42.0
40.0
40.3
39.6
38.4
42.7
41. 0
3 8.3
44.4
44.9
43.0
45.0
41.7

43.8

43.7

41.5

4 1. 1

Sept. p
1979

41.3
—
-

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug. p
1979^

5.2
6.2

5.2
5.8

4.7
4.3

4. a

4.2
4.9

4.3
4.9

4. 1
4.5

4. 1
4.4

3.3

3.7
4.4

4.7

4.3
2.5

4.3

3.5

3.5

3.7

4.9

2.2
4.3

2.1
4.5

4.4
2.6

4.1

4.2
2.5

2. 1
6.7
7.5

7.5
8.0

7.2
7.7

6.5

6.5

5.5

6.0

7.9
4.6

7.2
4.6

7.2
4.2

7.4
4. 1

_

5.3

1:1

3.1

3.0

4.2

4.5

3.9

3.7

3.6
3.6

3.9
3.9

3.8
3.8

3.4
3.3

3.9
4.9
5.4
3.5
4.1
3.8
4.2

4.7
5.2
5.7
4.2
4.5
3.5

3.4
3.3
3.1
2.8
4.0
4.2
3.9

3.1
3.4
3.1
2.6
4.2
4.2
4.2

3.8

5. 1
5.0
6.7
4.2
2.7

3.6

3.9

3.0

5.0
5.6
b.1
4. 1
2.9
3. 1

3.7

4. 1
5.5
5.3
3.5
3.2
3.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.7
4.1

3.2

3.3

5.9
5.8
2.4
2.9
2.1
2.5
2.8
2.0
2.9
3.6

5.7
5.7
2.3
2.8
1.9
2.6
3.2
2.1
3.2
3.8

3.0

2.5

3.1

3.4
3.7
3.0
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.0
5.8
5.9

2. 5
2.8
1.9
4. 1
4.3
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.3

2.9
3.1
2.5
4.4
4.5
4.3
3.3
3.0
3. 1

3.3
3-7

3.7
4.0

3.0
3.3

3.3
3.6

3.4
4.4
3.2

3.8
4.5
3.6

3.0
4.1
2.5

3.1
4.6
2.8

_

33
331
3312
3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3361

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
.
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
....
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet plate and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries

41.8
41.4
41.3
41.5
42.1
42.6
40.0
41.8
42. 1
42.5
42.8
43.8
42-4
42.3
41.1
4 0.9

4 2. 3
42.2
42.2
42.3
42.4
42.6
40.3
42.4
41.6
41.2
43.2
44. 2
43.2
42.7
41.3
41.0

41.3
41.8
41.8
4 0.9
4 0.2
40.0
3 8.7
4 0.9
4 1. 1
40.5
42-4
42.2
42.4
41.4
39.7
40.2

40.8
4 0.7
4 0.6
41.3
3 9.8
39.6
37.6
4 0.9
41.6
41.9
42.4
43.0
41.8
41.9
39.9
4 0.0

40.9

34
341
3411
342
3423.5
3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery hand tools and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades . .
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating except electric
Plumbing fittings and brass goods
Heating equipment except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) . .
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings .
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings nee
. . .
Metal services nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services . . . .
Ordnance and accessories nee . .
Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

4 0.9
44.6
44.7
40.5
39.6
41. 1
39.6
39.8
39.0
40.3
41.0
39.5
40.3
39.5
40.3
42.5
42.0
43.0
41.4
41.9
42.5
40.2
40.3
40.0
41. 1
40-3
38.4
40.6
41.5
40.0

41.2
43.6
43.7
40.7
40. 1
41.1
39.7
39.5
39.9
40.6
41. 0
39.7
40.7
39.8
40-5
42.8
42.0
43.7
42.1
42.5
43.1
41.0
40.3
40.2
4 0.6
40.8
38.6
40.9
41.8
40.0

4 0.3
45.6
45.8
39.2
40. 1
3 8.5
38.8
40.0
37-5
3 9.8
40.9
39.0
40.0
39.0
39.2
41.5
41.4
41.7
40. 1
37.7
41.6
39.8
40.1
3 9.5
4 1.3
4 0.0
38.2
40.6
41.0
40.5

40.5
44.6
44.8
39.2
39.7
3 8.7
39.3
40.3
38.3
40.3
41.3
39.7
40.5
39.6
39.2
4 1.4
4 1.5
41.4
40. 1
38.0
40.7
40.5
39.9
39.3
41. 1
4 0.8
39.3
40.6
41.0
40.2

40.7

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353

MACHINERY EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets . .
Internal combustion engines nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery . . . .

41.6
41.4
40.2
41.9
40.2
40.4
42.2

42.1
42.3
42.0
42.4
40.9
41.2
42.4

41.2
41.3
40.1
4 1.6
42.3
42.9
40.7

41.2
38.7
33.4
40.2
4 0.5
4 0.9
41.4

41.7

_
-

-

-

_
-

_
-

5.4
6.0
6.8
5.0
3.5

5.3
5.0
3.6
2.8
4.2
2.6
2.8
2.1
3.3
3.9
3. 1
3.0
3.2
2.6
5.3
5.2
5.4
4.3
5.5
4.7

3. 9
5.7
6.3
7.3
Sn 1

7.0
7.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

2.2

3.2
3.4
3.0

3.6
3.7
3.3

3.0
3.5
3.2

3.2
3.6
3.2

4.0
3.6
3.9
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.9

4.5
4.2
4.8
4.0
4.5
4.8
3.9

3.7
3.6
3.2
3.7
4.4
4.7
3.1

3.7
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.7
3.9
3.3

1979* P

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
-

_
_
_
_

_

—
_
_

_

See footnotes at end of table.




127

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuttural payrofls
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings
1972
SIC
Code

3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
356
3561
3562
3563
3564

3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359
3592

3599

Industry

Aug.
1978

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronjc computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee

Sept.
1978

July
1979

$334, 02 $342.74 $350.
294. 42 306.59 338.
294, 13 300.08 298.
263. 30 254.56 2 80.
271, 17 273.50 2 83.
301. 10 311.14 319.
310, 87 326.03 323.
314, 81 321 00 324.
328, 55 3 38 90 348.
268. 82 2 74.56 293
219 92 2*3- 38 237.
261, 70 271 00 283.
2 80 69 283.45 297.
211, 85 220.58 225.
255 19 279.47 287
277 43 284.81 29o\
269 34 279.02 290
282 35 287.85 314
299 .06 307.30 302
246 65 244.42 271.
311 . 10 317.99 346
268 62 281.96 283.
230 72 235.41 247.
231 ,28 237. 22 249.
249 90 255. 41 263.
255 85 262, 63 274.
271 ,47 284.00 290.
298 ,00 322.27 334
266 ,48 276.49 282

Aug.
1979F

$362.6b
334.74
305.03
293.2b1
280.92
322.93
334.61
310.00
347.42
303.97
243.36
285.19
301.18
231.09
292.73
3 01.02
295.40
314.91
293.15
269.61
J47.92
291.33
252.34
256.47
266.12
273.38
290.1 7
329.65
282.91

236. 16
236.02
230.68
239.86
240. 19
245.62
220.57
234.95
259.78
271.56
199.08
220.30
244.36
207.87
219.64
167.25
213.44
215.12
278.66
278.29
279.05
196.31
253.37
224.27
181.63
281.80
302.10
311.71

240-17
244.22
231.09
254.64
245.01
251.53
225-84
233.60
249.60
267.42
201.87
223. 11
246.60
207.03
223.91
170.31
218. 14
220.57
283.86
284.01
283.41
199.00
260.00
228.33!
183.06
292.99
311.53
324.66

248.29
248.22
234.23
259.91
258.32
259.05
249.64
25J.43
279.61
299.88
200.69
228. 13
246.25
217.85
234.52|
173.50
223.88
229.36
292.23
294.89
289.98
207.73
276.34
230.44
196.28
291.20
284.99
329.2o

251.86 $257.84
244.51
235.17
253.50
256.48
252.40
253.15
2 53.24
280.8b
313.39
205.64
230.bt

3694

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Shipbuilding and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment

318.61
345.69
349.77
273.78
358.52
224.47
317.18
326.98
318.27
294.41
255.42
270.59
207.58
306.75

343.31
378-43
395.95
280.49
382.73
232.64
325.46
328.67
339.10
302.40
265.59
282.66
212.65
321.60

349.70
373.51
409.45
287.82
362.50
235.30
346.46
356.59
35i>.73
315.03
272.12
285.90
224.85
381.55

341.38
357.50
389.86
27o-51
350.27
236.54
345.68
357.42
351.07
313.02
288.80
303.76
235.95
J77.87

36
361
3612

3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633

3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674
3679
369
3691

See footnotes at end of table.

128




Any.
197 8

Sept.
1979F

222.31
235.73
179.18
228.7b
231.86
J03.b2
326.09
286.48
210.45
270.40
241.80
196.56
292-66
307.34
321.20
349.57

I

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

Sept.
1979P

$8.76
7.97
7.28
7.05
7.13
7.51
7.71
7.75
7.95
7.02
5.95
6.99
7.40
5.65
7.21
7.36
7.33
7.57
7.38
b.b9
8.11
7.02
6.11
6.18
6.62
6.75
7.06
6. 18
6.85

$8.01
7-01
6.70
6. 21
6.63
6.97
7. 13
7.39
7.45
6.34
5.43
6.43
6.78
5.27
6.51
6.75
6.70
6.82
7.07
6.09
7. 32
6.52
5.60
5.60
6.11
b.21
6.51
7.34
6.36

J58.13
7.13
6.82
6.09
6.72
7-12
7-31
7-50
7.65
6.43
5.61
6.53
6-83
5.38.
6.67
6.83
6.82
6.87
7.13
b.08
7.26
6.65
5.70
5.73
6.26
6.39
6.62
7.46
6.46

$8.74
8. 11
7.15
6.79
7. 14
7.49
7.62
7.89
7.98
6.93
5.97
6.98
7.40
5.65
7.12
7.32
7.27
7.53
7.37
6.61
3.07
7.00
6.04
6.07
6.64
6.75
7.08
8. 19
6.87

5.86
5.96
5.o4
6.23
5.y6
6.11
5.57
3.83
6.20
U.91
4.94
5.48
5.96
5.12
5.4 5
4.46
5.39
I5.46
6.78
b.94
6.66
U. 92
6.21
5.47
4.61
6.89
7.21
7.64

5.93
6-03
5.65
6.35
6.02
6.18
5.59
5.84
6.24
6.91
4.96
5.55
6.00
5.15
5.57
4.47
5-44
5.57
6.84
7.03
6.70
5.00
6.25
5.61
4.67
7.06
7.33
7.88

6.27
6.30
5.96
6.58
6.41
6.46
6.21
6.34
6.87
7.35
5.24
5.79
6.25
5.46
6.06
4.59
5.97
6.10
7.18
7.21
7.16
5.34
6.74
5.97
5.02
7.28
7.48
8.09

6.36
6. 19
5.85
6.50
6.38
6.31
6.47
6.51
7.22 I
7.70
5.30
5.81
6.41
5.53
6.06
4.63
6.02
b.15
7.46
7.82
7.18
5.41
b.76
6.20
5.04
7.28
7.57
8.03

7.79
B.35
8.90
6.76
8.28
5.57
7.57
7.73
7.82
6.96
6.60
7.01
5.35
8.03

8.04
8.64
9.04
6.96
8.62
5.73
7.64
7.77
7.96
7.00
6.69
7.12
5.37
8.04

8.55
9.11
9.89
7.38
8.82
6.08
8.21
8.43
8.49
7.43
7.18
7.55
5.98
9.02

8.45
8.96
9.92
6.93
8.67
6. 16
8.25
8.51
8.48
7.40
7.33
7.69
6.05
9.04

$6.43

8.61

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricuttural payrolls
by industry-Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Co*

3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542

3544
3545
3546
355
3551
3552
3555
356
3561
3562
3563
3564

3566
3568
357
3573
358
3585
359

3592
3599
36
361
3612
3613
362
3621

3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641

3643
3644
3645
365
3651

366
3661
3662
367
3671-3
3674

3679
369
3691

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

MACHINERY. EXCEPT ELECTRICAL—Continued
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil field machinery
Conveyers and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven hand tools
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Machinery, except electrical, nee

41.7
42.0
43.9
42.4
40.9
43.2
43.6
42.6
44. 1
42.4
40.5
40.7
41.4
40.2
39.2
41. 1
40.2
41.4
42.3
40.5
42.5
41.2
41.2
41.3
40.9
41.2
41.7
40.6
41.9

41.6
41.5
41.
41.0
41.9
41.7
41.0
41.9
43.1
40.2
43.8
42.4
41.3
41.4
40.8
41. 1
42.9
43.2
42.8

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

40,3
39.6
40.9
38.5
40.3
40.2
39.6
40-3
41.9
39.3
40.3
40.2
41.0
40.6
40.3
37.5
39.6
39.4
41. 1
40. 1
41.9
39.9
40.8
41.0
39.4
40.9
41.9
40.8

4 0.5
40-5
4 0.9
40-1
4 0.7
40-7
40.4
40.0
40.0
38.7
40.7
40.2
41.1
40.2
40.2
38.1
40. 1
39.6
41-5
4 0.4
42-3
39.8
41.6
40.7
39.2
41.5
4 2-5
41.2

4 0.9
4 0.5
38.9
41.0
38.6
39. 1
40.0
3 8.1
40.7

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment

40.9
41.4
39.3
40.5
43.3
40.3
41.9
42.3
40.7
42.3
3 8.7
38.6
38.8
38.2

42.7
43.8
43.8
40.3
44.4
40.6
42.6
42.3
42.6
43.2
39.7
39.7
39.6
40.0

40.9
41.0
41.4
39.0
41.1
38.7
4 2.2
42.3
41.9
42.4
3 7.9
38.0
37.6
42.3

41.9
43.0
44.0
41.8
4 0.7
43.7

44.6
42.8
44.3
42.7

4 0.1
41.7
41.7
41.3
39.7
42.6
42.4
41.1
4 3.7
42.4
39.8
40.6
40.2
39.9
40.4
4 0.8
40.0
41.8
41.1
41.1
42.9
4 0.5
40.9
41.1
3 9. 7
40.6
41.1
4 0.9
41. 1

3 9.6
39.4
39.3
39.5
4 0-3
40. 1
40.2
3 9.5
40.7
40.8
38.3
39.4
39.4
39.9
3 8.7
37.8
37.5
37-6
40.7

p

1979

Sept.
1979 '

4 1.4
42.0
4 1.9
41.6
39-4
4 3.0
43.4
4 0. J
43.7
43.3
40.9
40.8
40.7
4 0.9
40. 6
4 0.9
40-3
41.6
40.4
40.3
42.9
41.5
41.3
41.5
4 0.2
40.5
41.1
40.3
4 1. i

39.6
39.5
4 0.2
39.0
4 0.2
40.0
39.9
38.9
38.9
4 0.7
38.8
39.7
4 0.3
40.2
38.9

40. 1

3 8.7
38.0
37.7
4 0.7
4 1.7
39.9
3 8.9
40.0
39.0
39.0
40.2
40.6
40.0

40. 4
39.9
3 9-3
39.9
4 0.4
38.4
4 1.9
42.0
4 1.4
4 2.3
39.4
39.5
39.0
41.8

40.6

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

3.4
3.4
5.4
3.9
3.3
5.9
6.3
6.2
6.7
5.1
4. 14.2
3.7
3.4

July
1979

2.3
3.0
4.5
4.0
2.5
5.3
5.5
6.0
5.9
5. 1

3.2
3.5
5.2
4.6
3.7
5.1
5.6
5.6
6.1
4.3
2.8
3.6
3.4
2.5
3.3
3.9
3.1
4.9
4.5
3.4
4.9
4-0
3.1
3. 1
3-1
3.3
4.5
3.2
4.8

3.8
5.4
4.6
3.5
5.1
5.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.7
5.0
4.2
5.2

2.8
2.6
3.0
2. 3
2.9
3.1
2-0
2.2
2.0
1.3
2.9
2.9
2.4
3.0
2.9
1.9
2.1
1.8
3.0
3.1
3.0
2.6
1.9
3.2
2.5
3.7
5- 1
3.7

3.1
2.9
3.1
2. 8
3.2
3.3
2.4
2.5
1.6
.9
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.3
1.9
2.8
2.2
3.3
3.2
3-3
2.9
2.4
4. 1
2.6
4.4
5-5
4.6

2.4
2-7
2.9
2.5
2.9
2.8
2.4

4.5
5.4
5.1
3.5
6.0
3.0
4.3
3.9
4.4
5.1
2.5
2.6
2.4
3. 1

5.5
6.8
6-8
3.6
7.3
3.7
4.6
3.8
5.4
5.6
2.5
2.3
3.0
4.0

4.3
4.5
5.7
2.9
3.9
2.4
4.7
4.2
5.2
5.2

4.5

3. 1
3.4
2.9
2.4
3.6
3.6
3.0
4.5
3.0
3.4
4.9
4. 1
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.6
4.2
3.7
4.3

2. 1
2.7
1. 1
1.8
2-3
1.3
2.9
1.6
2.0
2.0
1.8
2.6
2.9
2.4
2.5
1.9
3.0
2.4
2.1
2.5
2.1

3. 2
3.5
2.2
5.0

Aug.
1979

p

Sept.p
1979

2.5
3.4
4.5
4.2
2.8
5.4
5.9
4.9
5.8
5.5
4.0
3.5
3.1
2.4
4.0
3.7
3.1
4.5
2.9
3.8
5.0
4.0
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.9
4.1
3. 1
4.3
2.6
2.4
2.8
2.0
2.8
2.9
2.3
2.5
2.6
1.7
2.4
2.4
1.8
2.9
2.2
1.9
2.2
1.9
2-7
3.3
2.2
2.7
1.9
3.6
2.6
2.4
3.7
1.7
4.0
4.0
5.6
3.4
3. 1
2.0
4.5
4.1
4.9
4.9
3.2
3.5
2.3
5.1

Sse footnotes at end of table.




129

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervtsory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry-Continued
Average hourly earning!

W M U Y earnings
Industry

1972
SIC
Code

1978

Sept,
1978

July
197 9

Sept.
1979 P

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

$7.49
7.63
5.53
5.06

$7.60
7.76
5.63
5.10

$8.21
8.31
6.34
5.52

$8.28
8.36
6.54
5.85

246.83 1253.15
266.67
2 52.94
231.87
254.41
2 70.27
298.15
199.30
185.25
211.25
192.37
321.26
183.05

5.73
6.05
5.81
5.56
5.94
5.98
6.03
4.97
4.72
5.22
4.60
7.19
4.44

5.77
6.09
5.86
5.56
6.02
6.0 5
6.15
5.02
4.79
5.22
4.65
7.24
4.47

6.16
6.47
6.20
5.90
6.26
6.48
6.71
5.33
5. 12
5.50
4.92
7.73
4.70

6.14
6.52
6.23
5.87
6.19
6.56
6.70
5.19
4.75
5.53
4.92
7.76
4.73

$6.22

Aug.
1979 P

July
1979

Aug.
1979P

Sept.
1979P

376
3761
379
3792

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS . . .
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

233.78
254.10
236.47
224.07
244.73
245.78
264. 11
196.81
192.10
204.62
178.02
306.29
178.49

237.15
255.78
241.43
227.40
258.26
245.63
268. 14
202.81
199.26
207.76
181.35
306.25
179.25

248.25
262.68
254.20
232.46
261.04
272.16
295.24
204.67
199.17
209.55
190.90
323.11

39

182.83
183.52
175.86
182.10
164.21
158.12
171.52
199.67
155.01
145.08
208.43
217.65

185.42
187.89
179.17
183.28
167.96
160.61
176.09
199.84
156.21
145.47
211.47
218.51

194.66
192.84
187.90
199.98
169.72
166.36
172.70
210.42
165.59
154.16
221.99
229.32

195.55

391
3911
393
394
3942. 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles . . .
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

198.oo
192.2 8
204.41
175.8(3
172.54
179.36
2 15.02
157.75
145.25
222.55
228.54

197.85

4.70
4.73
4.64
4.61
4.31
4. 15
4.49
4.93
4.09
3.90
5.25
5.51

4.73
4.83
4.74
4.64
4.34
4.15
4.55
4.91
4. 10
3.90
5.30
5.56

5.03
5.17
5.12
4.95
4.55
4.46
4.63
5.17
4.29
4.10
5.62
5.88

5.04
5.16
5.06
5.01
4.59
4.47
4.72
5.27
4.31
4.08
5.62
5.86

5-06

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

233.56
235.22
288.05
272.40
148.23
244.78
225.62
254.40
209.04
249.48
216.28
200.41
279-40
315. 10
220.25
236.38
237.90
231.64
225.19
282.77
192.79
270.57
279.86
3 86.16
214.43
189.25

236.96
244.62
309.40
273.43
146.29
249.13
222.16
262.30
204.22
248-64
209.48
195.61
287.51
330,62
229.62
239.68
241.02
234.62
227.66
274.11
198.69
272.44
285.31
393.76
213.44
193.54

251.83
261.29
331.57
305.78
163.41
263. 13
244.58
275.62
208.74
252.72
204.06
198.01
302.03
327.36
250.32
2 55.18
256.97
248.85
236.01
293.79
203.07
297.64
30b.27
433.75
227.00
197.47

252.46
261.23
327.76
306.59
166.24
263.34
244.80
275.18
220.40
280.37
220.47
206.44
305.29
329.36
250.86
253.60
254.31
249.56
239.90
239.30
213.40
293.23
308.66
434.42
229.90
19a.02

253.4 9

5.81
5.94
7.13
6.81
3.85
5.87
5.53
6.00
5.20
5.94
5.38
4.90
6.35
6.85
5.04
6.03
6.10
5.82
5.73
6.88
5.06
6.22
6.91
9.35
5.23
5.02

5.88
6.07
7.28
6.87
3.87
5.96
5.61
6.10
5.17
5.92
5.25
4.99
6.49
7.11
5.16
6. 13
6.18
5.97
5.72
6.87
5.03
6.22
7.01
9.42
5.27
5.12

6.28
6.42
7.82
7.55
4.19
6.28
5.98
6.47
5.38
6.24
5.37
5.17
6.88
7.04
5.60
6.56
6.64
6.30
6. 13
7.29
5.49
6.78
7.47
10.23
5. 55
5.41

6.28
6.45
7.86
7.57
4.23
6.30
6.00
6.49
5.51
6.49
5.61
5.11
6.97
7.16
5.65
6.57
6.64
b.35
6. 12
7.38
5.50
6.71
7.51
10.27
5.58
5.44

6.29

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

229.77
287.23

228.31
289.94

246.56
277.54

249.24
298.58

261.03

6.16
7.48

5.93
7.59

6.83
7.84

6.70
7.92

6.78

22
221
222
223
224
225

TEXTILE M I L L PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills

177.83
185.09
195.72
182.10
161.60
156.78

179.89
188.09
196.98
188.52
163.61
156.72

185.54 192.23
194.81 208.66
20 3.20 206.35
186.98 191.88
173.23 171.43
166.66 168.53

195.77

4.38
4.57
4.66
4.42
4.05
4.02

4.42
4.61
4.69
4.51
4.08
4.06

4.65
4.81
4.92
4.77
4.32
4.34

4.77
5.04
5.07
4.87
4.34
4.39

4.81

$316.83 J326.04 $337.43 $342.79
312.07 322.82 336.56 346.94
218.99 223.51 240.92 255.06
195.32 195.33 199.82 215.28

NONDURABLE GOODS

See footnotes at end of table.

130




ESTABUSHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervtsory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry-Continued
Average weekly hours

1972
SIC
Code

Av^nQt) ov6rtifn6 hours

Industry

Aug.
1973

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug. p
1979

376
3761
379
3792

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT—Continued
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

42.3
40.9
39.6
38.6

42.9
41.6
39.7
38.3

41.1
40.5
33.0
36.2

41.4
41.5
39.0
36.8

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
383
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS .
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

40.8
42.0
40.7
40.3
4 1 . .2
41. 1
43.8
39.6
40.7
39.2
38.7
42.6
40.2

41.1

42.0
41.2
4 0.9
42.9
40.6
43.6
40.4
41.6
39.8
39.0
42.3
4 0. 1

40.3
4 0.6
41.0
39.4
41.7
42.0
44.0
38.4
38.9
38. 1
38.8
4 1.8
37.3

40.2
4 0.9
4 0.6
39.5
41.1
41.2
44.5

39
391
3911
393
394
3942, 4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising displays

38.9
38.8
37.9
39.5
38. 1
38. 1
38.2
40.5
37.9
37.2
39.7
39.5

39.2
38.9
37.8
39.5
38.7
38.7
38.7
40.7
38.1
37.3
39.9
39.3

38.7
37.3
36.7
40.4
37.3
37.3
37.3
4 0.7
38.6
37.6
39.5
39.0

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052
206
2061-3
2065
207
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Cane and beet sugar
Confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

40.2
39.6
40.4
40.0
38.5
41.7
40.8
42-4
40.2
42.0
40.2
4 0.9
44.0
46.0
43.7
39.2
39.0
39.8
39.3
41. 1
38. 1
43. 5
40.5
41.3
41.0
37.7

40.3
40.3
4 2.5
39.8
37.8
41.8
39.6
43.0
39.5
42.0
3 9.9
39.2
44.3
46.5
44.5
39.1
39.0
39.3
39.8
39.9
39.5
43.8

.

Sept.
•i n "7 a
1979

"

Aug.
197 8

Sept.
197 8

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

4.2
3.4
2.6
2.5

4.5
3.6
2.8
2.5

4.4
3.7
1.2
.9

4.5
3.9
1.4

4 0.7

2.5
3.4
2. 1
2.0
2.6
1.9
3.3
2.3
2.6
2.4
1.8
3.1
1.9

2.8
3.5
2.6
2.2
3.8
1.9
3.8
2.6
3.1
2.4
2. 1
3.5
2.5

2.1
3.2
2.2
1.5
2.8
1.9
3.5
1.7
1.9
1.6
1.4
2.4
.8

2.3
3.5
2.3
1.4
2.7
2. 1
4.1
1.8
2-2
1.7
2.0
2.5
1.3

38.8
38.5
J8.0
40.8
38.3
3 8.6
38.0
40.8
36.6
35.6
39.6
39.0

39.1

2.4
2.4
2. 1
2.2
1.8
1.8
1.7
2.8
2.4
2.2
2.8
2.5

2.6
2.8
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.6
1.7
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.4

1.8
.8
.8
1.0

.9
2.4
2.2

2.2
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.7
3.3
1.6
1.3
2.7
2.4

40.2
40.5
41.7
40.5
39.3
41.8
40.8
42.4
4 0.0
4 3.2
39.3
4 0. 4
43.8
46.0
44.4
38.6
3 8.3
39.3
39.2
39.2
38.8
43.7

40.3

4 0.7
41.8
40.5
37.8

40. 1
40.7
42. 4
40.5
39.0
4 1.9
4 0.9
42.6
38.8
40.5
38.0
38.3
4 3.9
46.5
44.7
38.9
38.7
39.5
38.5
40.3
37.9
43.9
41.0
42.4
4 0.9
36.5

4.4
3.9
4.2
3.7
3.6
4.3
3.8
4.5
5.4
5.6
6.2
4.8
6.4
6.8
6.6
3.4
3.7
2.4
2.9
4.3
2.0
6.0
4.3
5.1
4.8
3.8

4.6
4.5
5.7
3.7
3.5
4.5
3.4
5.2
5.1
6.4
6. 1
4.1
7.1
8.2
7.4
3.6
4. 1
2.3
3.3
4.3
2.6
6.1
4.5
5.4
4.3
3.8

4.1
4.6
5.2
4.0
4.2
4.3
3.9
4.5
3.9
3.4
4.8
3.4
6.4
8.2
7.1
3.5
3.9
2.1
2.2
3.8
1.7
6.3
4.1
5.5
4. 2
2.9

4.5
4.5
5.2
3.8
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.5
5.5
6.6
6.2
5.3
6.3
7.3
6.6
3.2
3.5
2.2
3.0
3.3
2.9
6.0
4.3
5.4
4.5
3.0

3 8.4
39.0
38.2
39.1
4 1.4
38.7

1.4
1.3
1.5

2.9
1. 4

Sept.p
1979

.9

NONDURABLE GOODS

4 1. 1
42.3
41.2
36.4

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

37.3
38.4

38.5
38.2

36.1
35.4

37.2
37.7

38.5

2.0
2. 1

2.2
2.4

.9
.9

1.3
1.3

22
221
222
223
224
225

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills

40.6
40.5
42.0
41.2
39.9
39.0

40.7
40.8
42.0
41.8
40.1
38.6

39.9
40.5
4 1.3
39.2
40. 1
38.4

40.3
41.4
40.7
39.4
39.5
38.4

40.7

3.7
3.6
4.3
3.7
2.9
3.0

3.8
3.9
4.3
4. 1
3.0
2.9

3.2
3.6
4.0
3.3
2.4
2.5

3.5
4.4
3.6
3.4
2.5
2.6

See footnotes at end of table.




131

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly earnings

Aug.
1978

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282

229

Average hourly earnings

Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
19 7 V

Sept.
1979P

$151.98 S152.46 $158. 18 i i 6 5 . 3 6
143.63 143.24 154.57 156.11
150.02 148.37 160.45 164.97
141.00 142.12 151.10 140.48
181.15 185.89 138-97 195.37
194.69 199.08 194.71 20o-45
197.60 203.34 196.61 214.02
206.00 210. 15 2 04.00 1 13.61
191.20 195.11 196. 10 206.91
167.68 170.15 175.20 181.85
167.68 170.56 176.92 184.46
157.51 166.30
163.46 169.03
197.89 199-96 201.60 21J.23

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug. F
1979

S3.79
3.76
3.99
3.75
4.44
4.68
4.75
4-87
4.52
4 . 12
4.12
3.87
4. 78

i3.85
3.83
4.01
3.74
4.49
4.74
4.83
4.91
4.58
4.15
4. 16
3.95
4-83

$4.13
4. 10
4.29
4.04
4.76
4.88
4.94
5. 10
4.83
4.38
4.39
4.17
5.04

$4.24
4. 13
4.33
4.06
4.86
5.06
5.22
5.21
4.88
4.4S
4.51
4.29
5.14

Sept.
1979P

2391
2392
2396

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishing, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

141.48
171.70
129.22
129.03
129.58
127.78
135.88
129.17
134.94
147.40
134.19
131.39
128.48
144.71
127.44
122.14
139.84
175.49
131.57
150. 11
292. 13

143.60
171.59
129.60
129.15
131.67
127.08
1 36 . 0 6
128.00
135.79
149.55
133.70
134.29
130.63
147.84
129.60
125.32
143.17
182.83
131.95
156.78
311.83

149.74
182.52
139.29
137.25
137.41
141.73
139.95
139.48
133.76
155.84
139.9 0
134.78
133.79
139.66
139.08
140.62
149.65
187.29
136. 16
162.99
308.83

149.88 $149.53
181.71
140.09
137.26
137.02
141.74
142.13
134.64
138.13
160.78
139.95
141.64
14 0.22
147.44
138.99
132.yo
150.06
179.93
139.48
165.33
2 77.89

3.93
4.73
3 . 55
3.45
3.65
3.52
3.95
3.68
4.04
4.31
3.78
3.59
3.52
3.89
3.54
3.52
3.80
^.57
3.49
3.94
7.34

4.00
4.74
3.60
3.50
3.73
3.53
3.99
3.71
4.09
4.36
3.82
3.61
3.54
3.86
3.60
3.55
3.88
4.70
3.50
4.02
7.57

4.2 3
5.07
3.88
3.75
3.96
3.81
4. 19
3.94
4.26
4.57
4.02
3.84
3.79
4.06
3.80
3.77
4.10
4.89
3.71
4.19
7.98

4.21
5.09
3.87
3.73
3.96
3.80
4.23
3.96
4.33
4.62
4.01
3.87
3.80
4.13
3.85
3.83
4.10
4.76
3.78
4.25
7.45

26
261,2.6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

PAPER AND A L L I E D PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

282.71
340.36
340.50
346.66
239.67
290-98
217.06
236.44
251.51
262.84
267.27
229.91

287.91
348.53
349.61
350.95
244.55
292.07
218.90
240.09
257.05
272.12
271.92
232.13

304.73
376.52
379.02
367.60
259.9 7
309-06
234.77
249-60
260.94
267.08
274.96
247.28

307.15
378.00
380.45
366.30
263.08
3 12 . 05
234.37
251.08
267.90
271.41
284.0B
254.40

310.43

6.59
7.53
7.50
7.79
5.86
6-72
5.44
5.67
5.96
6.17
6.23
i>.54

6.68
7.66
7.65
7.94
5.95
6.84
5.50
5.73
6.02
6.27
6.28
5.54

7. 17
8.33
8.3 3
8.47
6.31
7.04
5.84
6.00
6.38
6.53
6.69
5.93

7.21
8.40
8.38
b-44
6.37
7.06
5.83
6.05
6.44
6.54
6.78
6.00

7.27

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752

24b.56
233.56
224.65
237.46
232.41
242-78
211.39
263.35
248.84
270.36
253.17
196.67
327.33

251.46
235.96
232.25
236.02
226.55
245.35
209.66
269.99
252.85
279.27
260.00
201.85
3 38.13

258.06
249.32
241.70
241.02
232.25
250.97
212.40
273.79
251.06
286.65
275.11
201.17
335.77

263.41
252.62
240.21
246.25
237.60
255.42
227.40
280.86
258.91
293.92
277.84
202.90
345.98

267.90

6.54
6.91
5.82
5.82
t>.56
6.10
5.76
6.77
6.43
fc-95
6- 19
5-03
8.48

6.60
6.80
5.94
5.96
5.75
6.18
5.84
6.87
6.50
7.07
6.25
5. 11
8.67

6.90
7.29
6.48
6. 18
5.85
6.57
6.00
7.13
6.66
7.35
6.71
5.28
8.93

6.95
7.28

7.05

276
278
279

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commerical printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commerical printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Bankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

6.25
5.94
6.60
b.00
7.22
6.76
7.46
6.76
5.27
9.01

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations

295. 11
325.78
320.08
294.68
331.36
271.47
265.15
255.78

299.46
329.52
324.90
297.22
334.18
275.70
270.03
260.76

316.92
346.52
346.11
311.54
344.71
29 3.0 2
281.80
273.10

3 19.77
349.03
349.83
312.66
J46.92
293.15
286.18
275.65

322.21

7.06
7.72
7.75
6.95
7.60
6.51
6.42
6.30

7.13
7.79
7.81
7.01
7.70
6.58
6.46
6.36

7.60
8.29
8.34
7.40
8. 13
6.96
6.89
6.76

7.65
8.37
8.45
7.48
8.26
7.03
6.98
6. 84

23
231
232

2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337

2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239

See footnotes at end of table.

132




6.44

7.69

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry— Continued
Average overtime hours

Average weekly hours
Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Aug.
1978

2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS—Continued
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn mills, except wool
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.p
1979

40. 1
38.2
37.6
37.6
40.8
41.6
41.6
42.3
42.3
40.7
40.7
40.7'
41. 4

39.6
3 7.4
37.0
38.0
41.4
4 2.0
42.1
42.8
42.6
41.0
4 1.0
42.1
41.4

38.3
J7.7
37.4
37.4
J9.7
39.9
3 9.8
40.0
40.6
40.0

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nighwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and waists
Women's and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

36.0
36.3
36.4
37. 4
35.5
36.3
34.4
35. 1
33.4
34.2
35.5
36.6
36.5
37.2
36.0
34.7
36.8
38.4
37.7
38. 1

35.9
36.2
36.0

39. 8

3 6.9
35.3
36.0
34. 1
34.5
33.2
34.3
35.0
37.2
36.9
38.3
36.0
35.3
36.9
38.9
37.7
39.0
41.2

3 5.4
36.0
35.9
36.6
34.7
37.2
33.4
35.4
31.4
34. 1
34.8
35.1
35.3
34.4
36.6
37.3
36.5
38-3
36.7
38.9
3 8.7

3 8.9
37.3

26
261, 2, 6
262
263
264
2641
2642
2643
265
2651
2653
2654

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper
Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paper coating and glazing
Envelopes
Bags, except textile bags
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers

42.9
45.2
45.4
44.5
40.9
43.3
39.9
41.7
42.2
42.6
42.9
41.5

43. 1
45.5
45.7
44.2
41. 1
42.7
39.8
41.9
42.7
43.4
43.3
41.9

42.5
45.2
45.5
43-4
41.2
43.9
40.2
4 1.6
4 0.9
40.9
41. 1
41.7

42.6
4 5.0
4 5.4
43.4
41.3
44.2
40.2
4 1.5
41.6
41.5
41.9
42.4

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2751
2752
276
278
279

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commerical printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Manifold business forms
Bankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade service

37.7
33.8
38.6
40.8
41.8
39.8
36.7
38.9
38.7
38.9
40.9
39. 1
38.6

38.1
34.7
39.1
39.6
39.4
39.7
35.9
39.3
38.9
39.5
41.6
39.5
39.0

37.4
34.2
37.3
39.0
39.7
38.2
35.4
38-4

37.9
34.7
37.3
39.4
40.0

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations

41.8
42.2
41.3
42.4
43.6
41.7
41.3
40.6

4 2.0
42.3
41.6
42.4
43.4
41.9
41.8
41.0

40. 3
39.2
4 0.0

Sept.p
1979

3 7.7
39.0

3 8.7
37.9
38.9
38.3
39.4

4 1.0
38.1
37.6

4 1. 1
3 8.5
38.4

4 1.7
41.8
41.5
4 2. 1
42.4
42. 1
40.9
40.4

4 1. 8
41.7
41.4
4 1.8
42.0
41.7
41.0
40.3

Sept.
1978

1979

Aug. p
1979^

3.2
2.2
2.4
1.8
4.8
4. 1
4.2
4.4
4.9
3.6
3.6
3.7
4.0

3.0
2.2
2.1
2.0
4.9
4.5
4.9
4.6
5.0
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.3

3.1
2.3
1.8
1.0
3.9
2.7
2.9
2.6
4.4
3. 1
3.3
2.9
2.6

3.7
2.2
2.2
.9
3.6
3.4
3.2
4. 1
5.0
3.7
3.9
3.4
3.6

1.3
.9
1.0
1.2
.9
.9
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.2
.9
1.4
1.4
1.5
2. 1
1.6
1.7
3.2

11."
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.7
2.8
1.7
2.3
5.3

.9
.4
.8
.8
.7
1.0
. 7
.7
.7
.8
.8
.7
.8
.5
1. 1
1.6
.7
1.8
.6
2.1
2.8

1.2
.6
1.1
1. 1
1.1
1.3
1.0
.8
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.1
1.8
1.0
1.1
1.6

.9
2.2
1.4

42.7

5.2
6.8
6.9
7.3
3.8
5.5
3.3
3.9
4.4
4.6
4.9
4.0

5.6
7.3
7.5
7.2
4.3
6. 1
3.5
4.2
4.8
5.3
5.5
3.9

4.9
7.0
7.0
7.2
3.5
5.0
2.7
3.5
3.5
3.4
4.0
3.3

5.0
6.7
6.8
7.1
3.7
5.2
3.0
3.6
4.0
3.8
4.6
3.5

38.0

3.2
1.9
2.6
4.6
3.6
5.6
2. 1
3.8
3.5
3.9
4.0
2.5
4.0

3-5
2.0
4.0
4.2
2.4
6. 1
2.1
4.2
3.8
4.4
4.4
2.8
4.2

2.6
1.8
1.6
3.3
2.3
4.4
1.6
3.0
2. 5
3. 1
3.4
2.0
3.5

2.9
2.0
2. 1
3.7
2.8
4.7
2.3
3.5
2.9
3.8
3.5
2.1
4.0

3.5
3.9
3.4
3.4
4.7
2.5
2.6
2.5

3.7
4.0
3.6
3.4
4.8
2.6
2.9
2.8

3.5
4.0
3.4
3.5
4. 3
3.0
2.4
2.4

3.5
3.7
3.2
3.5
4.2
3.0
2.5
2.4

39.0
3 7.8
3d. 1
3 4.0
40.2
4 0.3
41.0
41.0
4 2. 4
40.5
4 0.9
39.4
4 0.9
35.6
35.7
36.2
36. a
34.6
37.3
33.6
34.0
31.9
34.8
34.9
36.6
36.9
35.7
36.1
34.7
36. o
37.8
36.9

Auy.
1978

35.1

41.9

Sept.p
1979

See footnotes at end of table.




133

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average M t U y aammp
1972
SIC
Code

284
2841
2844
2842,3

2861, £
287

Industry
Aug.
1978

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Wishing, sanitation.and finishing preparations .
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

Sept.
1978

July
1979

1979

p

Sept-p
1979

Aug.
1978

Sept,
1978

July
1979

Aug. p
1979

$271.35 $275.37 $289.04 $295.20
410.40
420.78
384.52
380. 16
213.69
224.04
207.52
216.78
259.13
255.67
245.43
250.51
280.28
283.30
262.91
265.37
392.30
392.34
347.73
358.24
362.88
366.96
310.84
329.80

$6.70
8.68
5.49
6.06
6.32
8.24
7.49

$6.70
8.64
5-53
6 . 14
6.41
8.37
7.76

$7.19
9.50
5.71
6.44
6.81
9.04
8.34

$7.20
9.52
5.73
6.43
b.77
9.06
8.40

361.68
287.28
271.17

3-68.51
289.67
274.23

402.19
303.80
292.93

404.05
317.37
295.18

8.51
6.84
6.55

8.59
6.98
6.64

9.31
7.37
7.11

9.31
7.45
7.13

8.62
9.31
6.77

8.7^0
9.39
6.84

9.39
10-14
7.27

9.36
10.06

5.56
7.95
3.76

5.60
8.00
3.80

5.95
8.46
4.10

5.94
3.58
4.07

5.68

5.28
5.06

5.74
5.31
5.12

6. 10
5.70
5.50

6.17
5.76
5.47

Sept.p
1979

$9.51

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

379.28
401.26
326.31

386-28
409.40
329-69

414.10
442.10
338.78

408.10 $422.24
433.59

30
301
302
303,4

227.40
348.21
139.50

231.84
352.00
147.44

239.19
346.86
155.39

237.01
344.92
155.88

306
307

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

237.42
212-78
204.93

245.10
217.71
209.41

247.05
225.72
221-10

252.35
229.82
218-25

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

144.35
196.86
139.13
147.45
133.92
148.78
138.38

145.04
203.45
137.98
146.2 5
131.39
159.89
141.38

154.61
203.87
150.63
157.78
145.10
153.79
147.57

154.03
213.56
148.06
158-47
139.52
160.28
151.50

157.50

3.87
5.10
3.72
3.87
3.60
4.11
3.70

3.92
5.19
3.77
3.90
3.67
4.23
3.75

4.19
5.51
4.06
4.23
3.89
4.32
4.01

4.22
5.62
4.09
4.26
3.93
4.44
4.04

4.28

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

307.69

307.68

329.20

336.47

337.16

7.64

7.75

8.23

8.37

8.45

RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads 2

342.27

324.41

417.63

7.64

8.01

9.47

(*)

411
413

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

214.70
286.47
313.36

190.95
277.09
304.05

235.00
295.65
366.43

234.38
2 89.76
356.18

5.85
6.97
8-29

5.70
6.91
8.33

6.25
7.09
9.07

6.25
7.05
9.04

42
421,3
422

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

318.71
326.01
218.51

321.17
327.65
223.97

334.27
341.48
230.23

338.89
346.18
233.19

7.G5
8.01
5.56

7.93
8.09
5.67

8.42
8.58
5.98

8.43
8.59
6.01

46

PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS

355.97

372.54

388.63

390.41

8.64

8.87

9.41

9.34

48
481
4817
4818
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees3
Line construction employees4
Radio and television broadcasting

302.30
314.61
229.91
431.41
250.50

305.92
318-27
227-74
437-81
254.39

301.25
309.91
216.92
416.22
260.91

329.64
344.69
238.66
482.33
265.34

7.52
7.73
6.44
9.44
6.68

7.61
7.82
6.47
9.58
6.73

7.55
7.69
6.38
9.27
6.83

8.20
8.49
7.04
10.44
6.91

49
491
492
493
495

ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

318.66
323.53
288.56
354.05
270.67

324-79
330.36
292.41
363.32
272.21

339-49
347.36
307.09
376.90
277.79

341.95
349.03
309.26
380.38
279.81

7.66
7.74
7.09
8.47
6.28

7.77
7.81
7.22
8.63
6.39

8.22
8.33
7.62
9.06
6.71

8.22
8.33
7.58
9.10
6.71

4011
41

50,51
50
501
502
503
504

339-94
242.20

(*)

7.39
6.01

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

156.91

155.80

168.17

167.66

166.91

4.67

4.75

5.05

5.05

5-12

WHOLESALE TRADE

230.88

234.39

249.21

248.96

251.04

5.92

6.01

6.39

6.40

6.47

234.04
215.21
202.77
239.60
226.42

236.79
215.39
203.74
244.40
228.89

251.37
230.47
227.24
256.31
240.75

251.77
230.06
228.05
257.00
246.24

5.91
5.49
5.35
5.99
5.99

6.01
5.58
5.39
6.11
6. 12

6.38
5.94
5.98
6.44
6.42

6.39
5.96
5.97
6.49
6.48

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods

See footnotes at end of table.

134




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

AvwQft ovo ruins Hours

Industry

Aug.
1978

Sept,
1978

July
1979

gp
1979

Sept.
197 9 F

287
289

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals,
nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

44.0
43. 1
48.2

44.4
43.6
48.2

44.1
43.6
46.6

43.6
43.1
46.0

44.4

30
301
302
303,4

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

40.9
43.8
37.1

41.4
44.0
38.8

40.2
41.0
37.9

39.9
4 0.2
3Q.3

40.3

41.8
40.3
40.5

42.7
41.0
40.9

4 0.5
39.6
4 0.2

4 0.9
39.9
39.9

37.3
38.6
37.4
38. 1
37.2
36.2
37.4

37.0
39.2
36.6
37.5
35.8
37.8
37.7

36.9
37.0
37.1
37.3
37.3
35.6
36.8

3 6.5
38.0
36.2
37.2
35.S
36.1
3 7.5

36.8

40.3

39.7

40.0

40.2

39.9

44.8

4 0.5

44.1

(*)

36.7
41. 1
37.8

33.5
4 0. 1
36.5

37.6
41.7
40.4

3 7.5
41.1
39.4

284
2841
2844
2842,3
285

286
2865
2861,9

306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION:
Class I railroads 2

40.5

41.0
4 4.2
39.1
40.3
41.4
43-3
4 3.2

3.3
5.7
1.7
3.3
3.5
3-7
3.4

3.8
5.8
2.6
3.5
4.0
4.3
5.0

2.9
5.1
1.4
2. 5
3.4
4. 4
4.5

2.9
4.9
1.7
2.6
3.3
4.6
4.6

42.5
42.0
41.4

42.9
4 1.5
41.3

43.2
4 1.9
41.2

4 3.4
4 2.6
41.4

3.8
4.4
3.4

4. 1
4.
3.6

4.4
4.3
3. 1

4.6
4.7
3.8

4.4
3.2
9. 1

tf.7

4.7
9.0

4.5
3.7
8.0

4.4
3.6
7.9

3.7
5.4
2.1

4.0
5.8
2.5

3.0
3.7
1.4

3.1
3.5
1.9

4.3
3.3
3.4

4.9
3.7
3.7

4.2
2.6
3.0

4.3
2.8
3.1

1-7
2.4
1.7
1.6
2.1
1.5
2.1

1.8
2.
1.5
1.5
1.8
2.7
2.5

1.4
1.8
1.4
.9
2.1

1.5
2.0
1.5
1.4
1.6
.5
2. 1

TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING
Trucking and trucking terminals
Public warehousing

40.6
40.7
39.3

40.5
40.5
39.5

39.7
39.8
38.5

40.2
4 0.3
38.8

46

PIPE LINES. EXCEPT NATURAL GAS

41.2

42.0

41.3

4 1.8

48
481
4817
4818
483

COMMUNICATION
Telephone communication
Switchboard operating employees
Line construction employees 4
Radio and television broadcasting

40.2
40.7
35.7
45.7
37.5

40.2
40.7
35.2
45.7
37.8

39.9
40.3
34.0
44.9
38.2

40.2
40.6
33.9
46.2
3 8.4

49
491
492
493
495

ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES . . .
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

41.6
41.8
40.7
41.8
43. 1

41.8
42.3
40.5
42.1
42.6

41.3
41.7
4 0.3
41.6
41.4

41.6
41.9
4 0-8
41.8
4 1.7

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

33.6

32.8

33.3

33.2

32.6

WHOLESALE TRADE

39.0

39.0

39.0

38.9

38,8

39.6
39.2
37.9
40.0
37.8

39.4
38.6
37.8
40.0
37.4

39.4
38.6
38.0
39.8
37.5

39.4
3 8.6
38.2
39.6
38.0

50
501
502
503
504

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE GOODS
Motor vehicles and automotive equipment
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and construction materials
Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods

Aug. p
1979

40.2
4 3.2
3 8.3
39.7
41.6
43.4
44.0

42
421,3
422

50,51

July
1979

4 1. 1
44.0
39.2
40.8
41.4
42.8
42.5

411
413

3

Sept.
197 8

37.8
40.5
41.6
42.2
4 1.5

4 4.3

LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER
TRANSIT
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity highway transportation

,

Aug.
1978

.9
1.6

Sept.p
1979

See footnotes at end of table.




135

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricuttural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average hourly Mrningi
Industry

1972
SIC
Code

Aug.
1978

Sept,
1978

July
197 9

Aug.

Sept.P
1979

Aug.
1973

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug. P
1979

505
506
507
508
509

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

267.92 $269.60 $291.00 $301.66
233.24 238.55 250.65 251.79
220.77 221.76 236.78 237.31
247.63 252.05 265.72 264.11
199.87 202.54 211.38 216-31

$6.80
5.95
5.69
6.16
!3.O6

$6.86
6.07
5.76
6.27
5. 18

$7.33
6.46
6.15
6.61
5.42

$7.43
6.54
6.18
b.57
5.49

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS . . .
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

225.55
259.47
231.87
198.56
230.83
261.97
274.53
267.57
181.23

229.80
262.79
238.08
203.32
232.16
268.62
281.16
268.46
188.05

246.14
271.50
247.76
220.29
251.02
293.10
305.69
27o.40
200.93

244.86
275.96
245.70
218.96
248.97
297.00
302.97
273.06
201.46

5.92
7.07
6.07
5.44
5.98
6.70
6.95
7.06
4.82

6.00
7.18
6.20
5.54
6 . 03
6.87
7.10
7.14
4.91

6.41
7.50
6.52
5.97
6.42
7.49
7.70
7.43
5.26

6.41
7.54
6.50
5.95
6.45
7.50
7.67
7.36
5.26

133.24

131.33

142.07

141.93 $140.15

4.19

4.25

4.51

4.52

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

183.22
203.77
137.35

183.16
202.00
137.36

192.50
212.22
149.39

194.43
214.52
150.30

4.71
4.97
3.88

4.82
5.05
3.97

5.00
5.24
4.22

5.05
5.31
4.27

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

123.1 1 119.02
127.93 123.68
97.47
102.12
94.96
93.56

133.59
139.84
110.77
107.01

133.76
140.00
109.80
105.65

4.09
4.25
3.45
3.20

4.09
4.25
3.42
3.23

4.38
4.57
3.62
3.52

4.40
4.59
3.60
3.51

54
541
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

171.93
178.49
119.17

170.45
177.55
115.24

185.23
192.81
132.58

183.71
190.64
132.14

5.21
5.36
3.92

5.31
5.48
3.96

5.63
5.79
4.39

5.67
5.83
4.39

551,2
553
554

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

189.62
232.32
188.13
130.31

186.63
229.58
184.13
128.06

205.13
241.57
200.65
146.06

205.13
244.29
200.16
146.93

4.99
6.05
4.49
3.64

4.99
6.01
4.48
3.68

5.37
6.21
4.93
4.08

5.37
6.28
4.87
4.07

566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

112.48
137.15
98.84
110.49
120.78

111.59
138.02
96.88
109.91
124.20

120.50
151.07
107.22
114.76
127.41

1 18.21
149.70
104.99
1 13.66
123.49

3.70
4.22
3.42
3.53
3.96

3.77
4.26
3.46
3.58
4.21

4.03
4.62
3.71
3.89
4.29

3.98
4.55
3.71
3.84
4.13

571
572
573

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

173.04
177.86
184.50
153.06

173.46
176.75
186.58
156.72

184.25
188.15
199.47
164.72

185.44
189.92
200.20
164.01

4.82
5.01
4.92
4.24

4.90
5.05
5.07
4.39

5. 19
5.33
5.48
4.64

5.18
5.32
5.50
4.62

52-59

56
561
562
565

RETAIL TRADE

EATING AND DRINKING PLACES 5

90.24

88.35

94.26

93.98

3.20

3.26

3.44

3.43

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

135.30
123.97
123.77
167.17
199.21
135.79

133.22
120.67
121.20
166.41
205.52
135.24

146.17
133.81
132.82
181.17
221.38
154.47

147.27
132.89
134.20
184.28
222.9 1
152.78

4.10
3.85
3.82
4.79
5.27
4. 14

4. 15
3.88
1.86
4.88
5.38
4.20

4.47
4.13
4.19
5.36
5.75
4.57

4.49
4.14
4.22
5.42
5.76
4.52

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE'

179.71

180.91

192.56

191.50

4.91

4.97

5.29

5.29

60
602

BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks

154.45
151. 16

155.92
152.62

165.71
163.16

163.62
161.09

4.22
4.13

4.26
4.17

4.54
4.47

4.52
4.45

61
612
614

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

163.84
154.34
160.95

163.60
154.21
160.31

174.17
168.82
168.54

173.33
164.71
170.94

4.44
4.24
4.35

4.47
4.26
4.38

4.72
4.60
4.58

4.71
4.55
4.62

63
631
632
633

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Ufe insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

195.83
194.09
186.73
199.18

196.42
194.99
188.38
199.23

209.62
207.89
207.20
210.53

212.01
210.08
208.10
213.65

5.25
5.26
4.94
5.34

5.28
5.27
5.01
5.37

5.65
5.68
5.54
5.69

5.73
5.74
5.52
5.79

591
594
596

See footnote* at end of table.

136




194.39

Sept.P
1979

$4.58

5.37

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
Average weekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

Average overtime hours

Industry

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

p
1979

505
506
507
508
509

WHOLESALE TRADE-DURABLE
GOODS—Continued
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment .
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Miscellaneous durable goods

39.4
39.2
38.8
40.2
39.5

39.3
39.3
38.5
40.2
39.1

39.7
38.8
38.5
4 0.2
39.0

4 0-6
33.5
38.4
4 0.2
39.4

51
511
512
513
514
516
517
518
519

WHOLESALE TRADE-NONDURABLE GOODS
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Miscellaneous nondurable goods

38. 1
36.7
38.2
36.5
38.6
39.1
39.5
37.9
37.6

38.3
3 6.6
3 8.4
36.7
3 8.5
39.1
39.6
37.6
38.3

38,4
36.2
38.0
36.9
39.1
39.8
39.7
37.2
id.2

38.2
36.6
3 7-8
36.8
38.6
39.6
39.5
37.1
38.3

31.8

30.9

31.5

31.4

521
525

BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN
SUPPLIES
Lumber and other building materials
Hardware stores

38.9
41.0
35.4

38.0
40.0
34.6

38.5
40.5
35.4

3 8.5
40.4
35.2

53
531
533
539

GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

30. 1
30. 1
29-6
30.8

29.1
29. 1
28.5
29.4

30.5
30.6
30.6
30.4

30.4
30.5
30.5
30.1

54
541
546

FOOD STORES
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

33.0
.33.3
30.4

3 2. 1
32.4
29.1

32.9
33.3
30.2

3 2.4
3 2.7
30.1

55
551, 2
553
554

AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS AND SERVICE
STATIONS
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations

38.0
38.4
41.9
35.8

37.4
38.2
41. 1
34.8

3 8.2
38.9
40.7
35.8

38.9
41. 1
36.1

56
561
562
565
566

APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES
Men's a n d b o y s ' c l o t h i n g a n d f u r n i s h i n g s . . . .
Women's ready-to-wear stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

30.4
32.5
28.9
31.3
30.5

29.6
32.4
28.0
3 0-7
29.5

29-9
32.7
28.9
29.5
29.7

29.7
32.9
28.3
29.6
29.9

571
572
573

FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS
STORES
Furniture and home furnishings
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and music stores

35.9
35.5
37.5
36. 1

35.4
35.0
36.8
35.7

35.5
35.3
36.4
35.5

3 5.8
35.7
36.4
35.5

EATING AND DRINKING PLACES '

28.2

27.1

27.4

27-4

59
591
594
596
598
599

MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Nonstore retailers
Fuel and ice dealers
Retail stores, nee

33.0
32.2
32.4
34.9
37.8
32.8

3 2.1
3 1. 1
31.4
34.1
38.2
32.2

32.7
32.4
31.7
33.8
38.5
33.8

32.8
3 2. 1
31.8
34.0
3 8.7
33.8

36.6

36.4

36.4

36.2

36.6
36.6

36.6
36.6

3b. 5
36.5

36.2
36.2

36.9
36.4
37.0

36.6
36.2
36.6

36.9
36.7
3 6.8

36.8
36.2
37.0

37.3
36.9
37.8
37.3

37.2
37.0
37.6
37.1

37.1
36.6
37.4
37.0

37.0
36.6
37.7
36.9

RETAIL TRADE

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL
ESTATE*
BANKING
Commercial and stock savings banks
61
612
614

CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS
Savings and loan associations
Personal credit institutions

63
631
632
633

INSURANCE CARRIERS
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

..

Sept.
1979

Aug.
1978

Sept,
197 8

July
1979

Auy. ,
1979

Sept.p
1979

30.6

36.2

See footnotes at end of table.




137

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry—Continued
hourly Mrningi

Average weekly Mrningi
1972
SIC
Codt

Industry

Auy.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979F

Sept.
1979P

$163.68 $165.14 $176.16 $175.96 $177.56

SERVICES

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979^

$4.93

$5.05

$5.29

$5.30

HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

114.60

114.50

126.40

125.05

3.57

3.67

3.95

3.92

721
723

PERSONAL SERVICES:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops

131.54
118.50

130.79
119.45

142.00
129.98

142.07
127.20

3.78
3.86

3.78
3.78

4. 14
4.22

4.13
4.13

73
731
734
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

168.48
259.20
122.82
213.49

167.89
259.56
122.40
216,22

180.84
270.51
130.97
236.06

180. 18
270.47
129.88
233.87

5.09
7.18
4.45
5.77

5.15
7.19
4.50
5.94

5.48
7.62
4.78
6.38

5.46
7.39
4.74
6.39

75
753

AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES

192.91 190.32
216. 11 214.34

212.06
230.29

217.16
237.80

5.05
5.43

5.13
5.51

5.61
5.92

5.67
5.99

245.62

251.32

262.92

253.49

5.11

6. 10

6.46

6.49

184.30
363.44

183.48
368.24

183.26
369.10

195.05
397.41

6.29
9.44

6.60
9.54

6.43
9.44

6.82
10.19

144.82

145.66

157.23

156.46

4.31

4.76

4.75

4.77

159.51
164.67
137.47
112.05
175.10

161.35
169.50
135.78
111.91
177.33

172.86
176.25
143.03
123.31
189 . 81

171.46
174.95
146.72
119.58
190.44

4.79
4.96
4.66
3.58
5.09

4.86
5.09
4.65
3.61
5.17

5.16
5.39
5.14
3.89
5.47

5.18
5.35
5.13
3.87
5.52

212.50

212.02

235.64

230.86

6.25

6.31

6.89

6.77

274.94
294.39
238.52

277.40
299.54
236.86

291.82
31.1.42
260.73

293.76
315.83
255.15

7.16
7.51
6.31

7.30
7.72
6.35

7.72
d. 11
6.99

7.67
8. 14
6.75

...

Automotive repair shops
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
78
781

MOTION PICTURES
Motion picture production and services

80
801
802
805
806

AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES
HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

891
893

. .

Sept.
1979?

$5.43

I
1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
Beginning January 1978, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000
or more.
3
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators,
service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1977, such employees made
up 20 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and
earnings data.
4
Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craft
persons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft persons; and
laborers. In 1977, such employees made up 37 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data.
3

138




Money payments only; tips, not included.
6
Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from all series in this division.
* Not available,
p = preliminary.

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-2. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricuttural payrolls
by industry-Continued
Average overtime hou.rs

Average wtekly hours
1972
SIC
Code

Aug.
1978

SERVICES

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979

33.2

32.7

33.3

33.2

32.1

31.2

32.0

31.9

34.8
30.7

34.6
31-6

34.3
30.8

34.4
3 0.8
33.0
36.b
27.4
36.6

701

HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES:
Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

721
723

PERSONAL SERVICES:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops

73
731
734
737

BUSINESS SERVICES
Advertising
,
Services to buildings
Computer and data processing services

33.1
364 1
27.6
37.0

32.6
36.1
27.2

36.4

33.0
35.5
27.4
37.0

75
753

AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES

38.2
39.8

37.1
3 8.9

37.8
38.9

38.3
3 9.7

40.2

41.2

4 0.7

40.6

29.3
38.5

27.8
38.6

28.5
39.1

28.6
39.0

....

33.6

30.6

33. 1

32.8

AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES

33.3
33.2
29.5
31.3
34.4

33.2
33.3
29.2
31.0
34.3

33.5
32.7
28.8
31.7
34.7

33.1
32.7
28.6
30.9
34.5

34.0

33.6

34.2

34.1

38.4
39.2
37.8

38.0
38.8
37.3

37.8
38.4
37.3

38.3
38.8
37.8

.. .

Automotive repair shops
76
MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES
78
781

MOTION PICTURES
M o t i o n p i c t u r e p r o d u c t i o n a n d services

80
801
802
805
806

891

HEALTH SERVICES
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
LEGAL SERVICES
MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES
Engineering and architectural services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping




....

Sept.
1979 p

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug. p
1979

Sept.p
1979

32.7

139

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings hi the Executive Branch of the Federal Government
I Employment in thousands-includes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees)

1979

1978

Item

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Nov.

Oct.

Dec.

Feb.

Jan.

Mar.

Apr.

May

Executive Branch

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .

2, 702. 9 2, 747. 5
39.5
39.6
1. 1
1. 1
226.0
225.4

226. 5
225.4

2, 694.4 2, 681.2 2, 677. 5
39.9
40. 1
39.7

2, 760.3 2, 738.5 2,691.9 2, 694. 5
39.7
39.5
39.8
39.9
1.2
1.2
1.3
1. 3
227.7
22 5.4

226.8
22 5. 1

230.0
229. 5

242.0
238.9

2, 686. 3 2,688.3 2, 697.4 2, 720. 3
39.7
39.5
39. 5
39.4
1.0
1. 1
1. 1
1. 1

1.2

1.5

1.2

239-2
242.2

244.3
240.0

243.2
241.4

242.4
240. 5

240. 6
240. 0

239.8
239.2

238. 9
238. 9

895.0
39.9
.9

892. 0
39. 9
.9

890. 0
39.9

896. 6
39. 9

Department of Defense

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .

911. 3
40.0
.9

924.8
40. 0

222.0
223.7

221. 5
223.2

1.0

927. 1
40. 1
.9

918.6
40. 1

220.4
221. 5

905.4
39.7

905.8
39.9

1.0

1.2

1.0

221.2
222.3

223.3
226. 7

232. 5
234.9

905.3
40. 0
•8

902.0
39.8
.9

896.0
39. 9

233.7
235.4'

2 34. 1
237.1

234.7
237. 1

234. 7
237. 1

235.2
237.6

234.4
236.8

235.2
237. 6

651.4
42.6
3. 1

653. 0
41.2

655.2
41. 0

655.4
40.2

1.8

1.6

655.0
40. 2
1. 7

659. 5
39.8
1. 3

289.4
262.2

280.8
263. 1

276.9
260. 7

271. 5
260. 7

271.8
261. 0

268. 1
260. 1

.8

.8

.8

Postal Service

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
ndexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .

648.3
39.9
1. 5

648. 3
40.0
1. 6

647. 5
40.2

254. 3
246.0

259.7
2 50.6

651. 9
39.7

1.8

649. 0
39. 9
1. 5

261.9
251. 5

260. 3
251.8

259. 3
252. 1

1.8

646.9
41.5
2. 3

651.4
41.2

278. 7
259. 5

275. 9
258. 5

1.9

2.6

Other Agencies

Total employment
Average weekly hours
Average overtime hours . . .
Indexes (1967=100):
Average weekly earnings . .
Average hourly earnings . . .

1, 143.3 1, 174.4
38.8
39.0
1.0
1. 0
213.4
213.4

212. 0
210.9

1, 137.7 1, 127.8 1, 128. 5
38. 7
39.0
38.8
1.0
.9
1. 0

1, 185.7 1, 170. 9 1, 134. 6 1, 141.8
39.3
39.3
39. 1
39.0
1.2
1.2
1. 1
1. 1
214. 6
211. 9

213.4
210.6

218.3
216.6

NOTE: The hours and earnings averages presented in this table have been computed using data
collected by the U.S. Civil Service Commission from agencies with 2500 or more employees in the
Executive Branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid
wage-board employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers both super-

229. 1
228.0

. 231.4
230.2

227.7
227. 7

1, 136. 1 1, 140. 9 1, 152.4 1, 164.2
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.8
1. 0
1. 0
1. 1
1. 0

229.9
230.4

229.7
229.7

227.7
227. 7

226.7
226. 7

226. 0
226. 0

visory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in taWe C-2 which relate
only to production or nonsupervisory workers. The total employment levels shown include all
workers in'the Executive Branch regardless of the size of the agency.

C-4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime '
Major industry group

Aug.
1978

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug. P
1979

Sept.
19 79P

$5.90

$5.99

$6.45

$6.43

$6.50

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries

6.28
5.41
4.56
6.03
7.91
6.07
6.44
5.66
7.38
5.56
4.56

6.39
.5.4 8
4.59
6,10
8.00
6-14
6.54
5.71
7.55
5.58
4.58

6.86
5.97
4.92
6.52
8.64
6.54
7.04
6.08
8.12
6.01
4.91

6.84
5.95
4.95
6.53
8.70
6.56
7.03
6. 16
8.05
5.97
4.89

6.93

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
...
Petroleum and coal products . . . .
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5.34
5.51
6.00
4.19
3.86
6.21
6.27
6.78
8.21
5.32
3.78

5.38
5.56
5-76
4.22
3.92
6.27
6.31
6.83
8.2b
5.34
3.83

5.81
5.97
6.74
4.48
4.17
6.78
6.67
7.30
8.93
5.73
4.11

5.80
5.95
6.58
4.57
4.15
6.81
6.69
7.34
8.90
5.72
4.14

5.84

MANUFACTURING . .

1

Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half,

p = preliminary.

140




NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, in current and 1967 dollars
Spendable average weekly earnings2
Gross average weekly earnings
Worker with no dependents

Industry

Aug.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

Aug.
197 8

July
1979

Aug.p
1979^

Married worker with 3 dependents

Aug.
1978

July
1979

Auy.p
1979

TOTAL PRIVATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

3206.70 $221.76 $222.84 $167.55 $179.35 $180.13 $182.96 $19b.2t> $197.11
92.54
89.45
81.75
84.75
81.32
104.55 101.08 100-60
88.99

MINING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

337.31
170.62

355.28
161.93

365.49
165-01

255-12
129-04

269- 13
122.67

275.65
124.45

279.69
141.47

296.10 303.54
134.9 6. 137.04

329.99
166.91

348-35
158-77

3 54.16
159.89

2 50.51
12b.71

264.70
120.65

268.41
121.18

274.43
138.81

291.05
132.66

295.29
133.31

249.27
126.08

267-73
122.03

267.60
120.81

197.40
99.85

211-61
96.4 5

211.52
95.49

214.87
108.68

231.16
105.36

231.06
104.32

307.89
155.74

329.20
1 50.05

336.47
151.91

236.23
119.49

252-47 257. 1 1 258.53
1 15.07 116.08 130.77

277.10
126.30

282.40
127.49

156.91
79.37

168.17
76.65

167.66
75.6 9

131.27
66.40

140.00
63.81

139.62
63.33

144.65
73.17

157.26
71.68

156.91
70.84

179.71
90.90

192.56
87.77

191.50
86.46

I4d. 13
74.93

158.07
72.05

157.30
71.02

162.41
82.15

173.53
79.09

172.80
78.01

163.68
82.79

176.16
80.29

175.96
79.44

136.35
68.97

145.98
66.54

145.83
65.84

149.93
75.84

162.64
74. 13

162.50
73.36

199.7

219.4

221.5

CONSTRUCTION:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

MANUFACTURING:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

SERVICES:
Current dollars
1967 dollars

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN WAGE
EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS (CPl-W,
All items, 1967=100)

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
Spendable earnings are calculated by taking the average weekly pay for all production
or nonsupervisory jobs, both full-time and part-time, and then deducting social security and
Federal income taxes applicable to a single worker or to a married worker with three dependents who earned this amount (see Explanatory Notes for the establishment data in the back of

p=preliminary (applicable to earnings data only).

2

this publication). A technical note on the calculation and uses of the spendable earnings series is avail
able on request.




NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

141

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nortsupervtsory workers1 on private nonagricufturai payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
[1967=100]

Aug.
1978
Industry division and group

Sept.
1978

July
1979

Aug.
1979 H

Sept.
1979 P

Hours

TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING

124-6

124.2

127.9

128.1

12 7.6

109.4

111.0

110.8

111.6

113. 1

149.9

149.6

152.3

158.8

160.5

CONSTRUCTION

138.7

13t».O

14 7.4

150.3

147.4

MANUFACTURING

102.8

105.3

102.8

103.1

105.3

103.8
117.7
109.8
115. 1
95.3
103.5
107.5
102.3
92.5
123.3
103.5

107.5
116.3
110.9
114.7
98-0
106.2
111.3
104.5
103.6
124.7
106.0

105.9
115.9
101.5
114.7
97.9
104.2
114.6
105.3

104.6
117.9
105.1
115.2
95.1
104.5
113.3
104.0
89.5
126.3
102.8

107.9
118.6
10 5.9
113.7
96.4
106.8
117.2
10 7.4
98.5
128.1
10 5.6

101.3
104.4
75.2
91.5
93.1
100.5
100. 1

102.1
105.6
83.0
92.1

100.8
104.8
70.4

101.6
106.6
75.4

MINING

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products . . .
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

142



96.8
126.2
96-0

98.3
98.4
61.6
87.5

90.8

86.6

89.8
89.0

71.9

101.0
100.1
107.7
125.8
150.4
70.5

103.3
103.2
108.6
129.0
146.5
60.5

104.3
104.7
108.4
128- 1
145.0
65.3

88.1
104.6
10 5.7
108.5
129.9
146.4
65.5

135.2

133.3

139.8

139-6

137.8

111.2

110.6

115.8

116.5

116.3

130.8

128.9

132. 8

132.5

130.7

129.4
131.4

129.4
128.6

134.2
132.3

134-0
132.0

133.6
129.5

142-8

141.1

148. 8

148.8

146.9

150.2

147-6

157.7

157.4

154.8

107.5
125.9
146.8

93.6

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group—Continued
[1967=100]

Industry division and group

TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING

Aug.
1978

265.6

Sept.
1978

269.8

July
1979

gp
1979

Sept.
1979P

294. 1

295.7

299.7
275.8

242.7

250.2

266.6

268.8

366.5

372.9

406. 9

422.3

432.4

293.6

331.2

340.4

339.6

CONSTRUCTION

294.5

MANUFACTURING

224.5

234.2

244.4

244.3

253.2

227.6
282.3
222.7
261.5
237.3
220.6
227.7
216.2
209.7
248.0
207.1

240.5
282-4
227.1
263.3
247.2
229.9
240.5
223.5
242.4
252.5
213.6

252. 6
305.1
22 0.1
280.4
265.1
238. 1
264.2
238. 1
241.0
272.8
205.5

248.6
310.5
230.4
281.9
259.1
239.6
261.3
238.5
220.0
272.3
220.3

26 0.5
317.3
235.3
281.7
263.5
248.2
275.0
24 9.2
24 6.8
279.5
227.7

219.2
229.9
204.3
194.7
180.5
230.4
199.5
244.5
303.3
297.2
134.6

223.3
235.2
217.1
198.0
184.3
234.9
201.5
247.4
305.9
306.7
133.9

230.4
234.3
185.3
197.9
180.4
257.7
217.3
266.0
33 8.7
317.4
122.6

236.9
249.3
207.8
208.2
184.7
261.8
222.1
267.2
335.0
313.8
133.4

240.9
254.3
225. 1
212.3
185.1
264.6
227.3
269.0
34 5.4
32 0.7
135.6

286.6

317.8

319.0

320.2

262.7

265.1

294.6

301.5

303.9

271.4

271.6

297.5

297.3

297.0

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

266.2
274.3

270.3
272.2

298.0
297.3

298.0
296.9

300.5
29 5.0

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

271.4

271.7

30 5.0

3 04.6

305.5

325.9

364.4

364.2

366.9

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE

SERVICES




285.4

323.7

143

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS
C-7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on privated nonagricurtural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

197S

1979

Industry
Sept.

TOTAL PRIVATE

Oct.

35.8

35.8

Nov.

Dec-

35.3

35.8

Jan.

Fer>.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

35.8

35.7

35.9

35.3

35.7

35.6

Aug.P

Sept. P

35.6

35.6

35.6

July

MINING

43. 1

43. 1

43. 3

43.4

43.4

43. 1

43. 1

42.9

42.8

43.0

4 1.6

43.2

43.3

CONSTRUCTION

37.0

36.9

3 6-8

37.0

3 7. 1

36.6

37. 1

35.5

37. 1

37.2

36.8

37.2

37.6

MANUFACTURING

40.5

40.5

4 0.6

40.6

40.6

40.6

4 0.6

39.1

40.2

40. 1

4 0.2

40.1

40.0

Overtime hours
DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing x
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

.0

3. 6

3. 6

3.5

' 3.4

41.2

41.3

41.3

41.4

41.4

41.4

41.4

39.5

40.9

40.7

40. 7

40.6

40.5

3. 9

4. 0

4.0

4- 1

4.1

4.0

2. 7

3. 8

3.6

3. 5

3. 3

3m 3

39.6
39. 1
41.8

40.0
39. 1
41.9

40. 0
39. 1
41.9

39.9
39.2
41.9

39.9
38.9
41.8

42.0
41.1
42. 1
40.3
42.6
41.0
39.0

42.2
40.9
42.0
40.4
42.7
40.9
38.9

42.2
41. 1
42.2
40.4
42.7
40.9
38.9

42.2
41.3
42.4
40.5
42.8
40.9
38.9

42.3
41. 1
42.3
40.5
42.8
41.1
39.0

39.6
38.8
41.6
42.2
41.3
42.5
40.7
42.7
41.2
39.0

4 0.0
39. 1
42.0
42.0
4 1. 3
42.4
4 0.7
42.3
41.2
39.0

39.1
38. 1
41.2
41.8
39.1
40.5
39.0
37.9
40.3
37.6

39.4
38. 5
41.7
41.4
4 0.7
42.0
40. 4
41.5
40. 8
38.6

39.4
38.5
41.6
41.2
40-7
42.0
40.3
40.8
40.6
38.9

3 9. 3
3 8. 4
4 1. 4
41. 3
4 0.8
4 1.9
40.2
4 0.9
40.7
3 9.3

39.6
38. 1
41.4
41.0
40.6
41.5
39.7
41.6
40.4
39.0

39. 9
37. 9
41. 1
40.6
40.6
41.7
39.9
40.5
40.6
38.9

39.5

39.4

39.5

39.4

39.5

39.3

39.4

38.6

39.2

39.2

3 9.2

39.2

39.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

2.7

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

39.7

39.8

39.8

39.9

40.0

39.8

38.0
40.5
35.8
42.8
37.7
41. 9
43.3
41.2
37.2

37.1
40.3
35.3
42.8
37.7
42.0
4 3.9
41. 1
37.0

37.5
40.4
35.6
43.0
37.8
42. 1
44. 1
41. 1
36.9

38.1
40.4
35.5
42.8
37.6
41.8
43.8
41.2
36.7

37.2
40.7
35.3
42.8
37.7
42.0
43.5
41.4
36.8

36.9
40. 1
35.4
42.7
37.7
42.0
43.6
41.2
36.4

40.0
38.0
40.3
35.4
42.8
37.7
41. 9
44.0
41.3
36.3

39.6
37.6
38.8
34.2
41. 6
37.1
41.7
43.9
39.7
35.6

39.8
38.9
40.0
35.2
42.6
37.4
41.9
43.7
4 0.9
36. 1

39.3
37.6
40. 1
35.2
42-5
37.4
41.7
43.3
40.7
36.4

3 9.8
38.5
40. 1
35.3
4 2.5
37.5
41.9
43.6
4 0.6
36.6

39.6
37.6
40. 1
35.3
42.6
37.7
42.0
43.7
40.1
36.4

39.7
38.0
40.5
35.0
42.4
37.6
41.8
43.8
40. 1
37.0

39.7

40.0

39.9

40.0

40.0

40.0

4 0.0

39.2

39.8

39.8

39.7

39.8

39.9

32. 8

32. 9

32. 8

32-8

32.5

32.5

32. 7

32.8

32. 6

32.6

32.6

32.5

32. 6

33.9
30.9

38.9
31.0

38.8
3 0. 9

38.9
30.9

3 8.7
3 0.6

38.7
30.6

39.0
30.7

38.7
30.9

39.0
30.6

38.8
30.6

3 8.8
30.6

38.7
30.5

38.7
30.6

36.5

36.5

36.4

36.3

36.3

36.4

36.4

36.5

36. 1

36.2

36.3

36.1

36.3

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.6

32-6

32.6

32.8

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.7

3,8

3. 3

3. 1

TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

1

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

144




ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted

1979

1978
Industry division and group

Sept,

TOTAL PRIVATE

122- 2

Sept. P

May

June

July

123.6

125.4

125.7

125.7

125.4

125.8

111.3

106.8

110.3

110. 1

109.9

109.3

109.5

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

123.0

123. 7

124.2

12 4.4

1 24.7

125.7

110.3

110-2

Apr.

107.2

107.9

108.9

109.8

MINING

147.3

148.4

150.6

151.3

152.0

152.5

152.5

152.0

151.6

152.5

148. 4

156.3

157.9

CONSTRUCTION

124. 3

125.5

126.0

127.9

128.9

126-7

132.7

124.9

133.7

134.4

133.9

134.4

135. 1

GOODS-PRODUCING

MANUFACTURING

102.8

103.4

104.4

105. 1

105.6

105.8

106.0

102.0

104.7

104.3

104. 4

103.3

103.3

DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing ind

105.6
112.1
108. t>
111.2
96.6
104. 6
111.4
102. 7
101.4
124.2
100.9

106.8
113.9
109.2
111.6
97.9
105. 1
112.4
103.7
103.6
124.3
101.8

107. 9
115.0
109. 4
112.6
99. 1
106.5
113.5
104.6
104.9
125.7
102. 1

108.8
115.6
1 10.2
113.4
99.6
107.8
115.3
105.5
105.6
126.3
101.8

10 9.2
115.9
10 9. 9
113.0
100. 1
10 7.6
115.8
106.6
105.9
128.2
102.3

1 09.9
1 14.9
1 09.1
1 12.8
100.3
1 08.7
117.4
107.8
106.9
129.4
101-7

110. 1
116.4
109.4
114.9
100.2
108.6
117.5
108.5
105.9
129.7
101.7

105.0
112.4
105.8
111.5
99-7
102.7
113.0
104.4
94.3
127.2
97.5

10'8. 3
113.3
105.9
113. 1
97.9
106.6
117.4
108.2
102.6
128. 1
9 8.7

107.9
112.7
105.3
113.0
97.9
107. 1
117.6
108.6
99.4
128.4
100.3

10 7. 9
111.9
105.9
111. 5
97.8
10 6.7
118.0
108.5
100.3
128.1
100.7

106.8
112.3
104.3
110.9
95.6
104.9
1 16.2
104.7
102.9
127.2
100.6

106.8
114.3
103.4
110.3
95.0
105.2
117.5
105.5
100.7
127.8
100.3

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

98.6
94.5
73.4
91.0
92.1
99.6
9 8.6
107.1
121.8
147. 2
71.3

98.5
95.2
71.7
90.6
90.6
98.8
99.8
107.3
123.0
147.6
70.2

99.5
9 6-4
72.4
91.0
91.3
100.4
101.4
108. 1
124.4
149.9
6 9.4

99.8
97.7
73.6
91.0
91.0
100.7
101.5
107.8
123.6
152.0
68.4

100.3
98.1
71.8
91.9
9 1.0
101. 1
102.5
108.7
122.7
153.5
67.9

9 9.8
97.0
70.0
90-3
90.3
101.8
103.1
108.5
123.9
154.0
60.6

100. 1
98. 1
7 3.4
90-6
89.9
103.0
103.4
108. 1
125.0
154.4
66. 1

97.8
96.8
73.9
86.7
86.8
100.8
101.7
107.7
125.7
148.4
63.9

99.5
97.0
76.5
89.5
89.5
102.3
103. 1
108.3
124.2
153.4
6 5.4

99.1
96.8
72.6
89.6
88.7
102.1
103.3
108.4
123.1
150.4
66.0

99. 1
95.9
73.0
89.8
89.5
103.2
104.4
108-3
123.0
150.5
61-3

9Q.1
94.6
64.7
88.8
87.8
103.1
104.7
108.2
124.2
145.0
64.4

98.0
95.3
66.7
89.8
86.7
103.0
104.1
107.8
125.4
143.3
65.8

132.7

133.5

134.0

134.2

134.2

134.8

135.8

135-3

135.9

136.5

136.7

136.6

137.1

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

109.2

111.7

112.0

112.5

112.8

1 13-3

113-7

109.2

113. 4

115.0

114.2

114.3

114.8

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE

128.2

129.0

129.2

129.5

129.0

129.3

130.2

130.6

130.2

130.0

129.9

129.5

130.0

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

129.1
128.0

129.4
128.8

129.6
129.0

130.5
129.0

130.5
128.5

130.8
128.7

132.3
129.3

131.3
130.3

132.8
129. 1

132.8
128.9

132.7
128.9

1 32. 4
128.4

132.7
129.0

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

141.3

141.8

142.6

142.7

14 3.3

144.1

144.6

145-5

14 4.5

145.7

146.5

146.5

147.3

SERVICES

147.2

147.3

148.3

148.4

148.6

149.5

151. 1 "151.0

151.7

152.6

153.5

153.5

154.3

SERVICE-PRODUCING

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.




NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional information.

145

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-9. Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1
on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted
1978
Sept.

Oct.

1979
Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug. 1

Sept. *

Hourly Earnings Index 2 (1967=100)

216.5

TOTAL PRIVATE (In current dollars).

246.7
210.0
219.2

MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
FINANCE. INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

218. 1
248.9
210.5
220.8

219.2
249.9
211. 6
222.4

220.9

222.6

224.0

225.2

226.8

227.5

229.0

230.9

232. 2

233.7

250.9
213.0
224.2

252. 1
213.8
225-. 4

253.7
216.7
227.2

256. 1
216.5
228.7

264.1
218. 1
231.0

262.7
220.4
232.3

264.9
220.4
233.9

266.9
222. 1
235.4

265.4
222.9
236.5

265.6
223.8
237.9

234.4

235.4

236.3

239.0

240.8

241.7

243. 1

241. 7

243.7

246.4

251.3

254.3

255.4

210. 1

211.7

213.0

214.7

217.7

218. 1

219.4

220.9

221.0

222.6

223.8

225.3

226.5

198.2
215.2

199.6
217.2

200.7
217.7

202. 1
219.3

202.4
220.8

204.2
222.2

204.8
223.3

207.5
225.0

207.0
224.3

208.0
225.7

210.8
227.0

211.5
228.2

214. 1
230.7

108.9

108.7

108.6

108.7

108.5

107.8

107.3

106.9

106. 1

105.7

105. 6

105. 1

TOTAL PRIVATE (In 1967 dollars) 3 . .

Average hourly earnings

TOTAL PRIVATE ...
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND
PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S . . . . . .
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

$5.87 $5.92
8.08
8.06
8.88
8.85
6.43
6.38

$5.96
8.18
8.94
6.46

$6.00
8.23
9.06
6.51

$6.04
8.28
9.03
6.56

$6.04
8.56
9.11
6.56

$6.09
8.43
9.20
6.65

$6.13
8.49
9.19
6.68

$6.18
8.49
9.27
6.72

$6.22
8.57
9.32
6.74

$6.25
8.52
9.36
6.77

7.74

7.83

7.88

7,92

7.96

7.91

7.99

8.09

8.25

8.34

8.37

4.79

4.81

4.85

4.92

4.93

4.96

4.99

5.00

5.03

5.07

5.09

5.11

5.03
5.09

5.06
5. 11

5.09
5. 14

5.09
5.18

5.14
5.22

5.16
5.24

5.22
5.27

5.21
5.26

5.23
5.31

5.30
5.35

5.32
5.39

5.39
5.43

218.23 220.01 221.43
100.75 100. 60 100.24

222.50

$5.78
7.89
8.77
6.26

$5.84
7.98
8.78
6.33

7.68

7.73

4.75
4.98
5.05

Average weekly earnings

TOTAL PRIVATE:
Currant dollars
1967 dollars 3
R««i spendable earnings (married worker with
3 dependents. 1967 dollars) 3. 4.

206.92
104.03
92.07

209.07 210.15 211.94
104.2 2 104.14 104.30
92.09

91.95 91.97

213.37 214.20 216. 84 213.21 217.41
103.98 103. 13 103.31 100.48 101.40
92.46 91.66

91.68

89.35

89.96

89.34

89.12

88.73

3

1

The CPI-W is used to deflate these series to 1967 dollars.
See footnote 2, table C-5.
p = preliminary.

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2.
1
The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate
developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime
data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage
industries.

4

NOTE: See note to table C-10.

C-10. Hours of wage and salary workers1 in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division
Millions of noun (Annual rate) 3

Percent change

Industry division

JULY
1979

TOTAL . . . .
PRIVATE SECTOR
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

GOVERNMENT
Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers and
salaried workers—and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods
for Surveys and Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910—Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private
Economy and Major Sectors.
3
"Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for 1 week in the month, expressed as a seasonally adjusted annual equivalent.

146



169 ,272
138 ,224
2 ,094
8 ,9,84
43 ,698
26 ,797
16 ,901
10 ,679
34 ,172
9 ,391
29 ,208
31 ,047

AUGUST
1979p

SEPTEMBER
1979p

169,002
138,121
2,186
9,060
43,206
26,413
16,793
10,748
34,212
9,409
29,299
30,880

169,453
138,709
2,228
9,152
43,309
26,540
16,770
10,724
34,315
9,494
29,487
30,744

Sept. 1978
to
Sept. 1979
2.8
3.2
8.9
8.8
1.0
1.8
-0.1
5.1
1.8
4.4
5.1
1.0

July 1979
to
Aug. 1979
-0.2
-0.1
4.4
0.8
-1.1
-1.4
-0.6
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.5

Aug. 1979
to
Sept 1979
0.3
0.4
1.9
1.0
0.2
0.5
-0.1
-0.2
0.3
0.9
0.6
-0.4

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, establishment data in this table may differ from data published earlier. See
article in this issue for additional' information.

PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-11. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices,
private business sector, seasonally adjusted
[1967=100]
Quarterly indexes

Annual average

1976

1978

1979

1977

1978

PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

118.8
133.8
112.6
213.5
117.6
179.7
165.5
174.8

120.1
140.7
117.2
233.1
119.3
194.2
174.0
187.2

117.2
127.8
109.1
203.7
117.2
173.8
158.0
168.3

118.5
131.0
110.6
207.7
117.2
175.2
161.4
170.5

118.0
132.8
112.5
211.1
116.8
178.9
164.6
173.9

119.7
135.2
112.9
215.9
118.0
180.3
167.8
176.0

119.3
136.1
114.0
219.5
118.4
183.9
168.4
178.6

119.1
136.9
114.9
225.7
119.5
189.5
164.6
180.9

119.8
140.3
117.1
230.3
119.0
192.2
173.6
185.8

120.6
141.8
117.5
235.6
119.2
195.3
176.7
188.9

120.8
144.0
119.2
240.7
119.1
199.2
180.9
192.9

120.0
144.4
120.4
247.3
119.3
206.1
180.4
197.2

119.3
143.3
120.1
252.9
118.1
212.9
183.0
202.0

riONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

116.5
134.3
115.3
209.8
115.6
180.1
163.8
174.5

117.7
141.5
120.2
229.3
117.3
194.7
169.6
186.1

114.9
128.3
111.6
199.9
115.0
173.9
157.0
168.1

116.4
131.7
113.2
204.1
115.2
175.4
159.1
169.8

115.9
133.4
115.1
207.5
114.9
179.0
163.2
173.6

117.0
135.6
115.9
211.8
115.7
181.0
167.0
176.2

116.8
136.4
116.8
215.8
116.4
184.8
165.8
178.3

116.7
137.3
117.6
222.2
117.6
190.3
160.9
180.2

117.4
141.1
120.2
226.5
117.0
192.9
168.9
184.7

118.3
142.7
120.6
231.5
117.1
195.7
172.7
187.8

118.6
145.0
122.2
236.7
117.2
199.5
175.7
191.4

117.7
145.5
123.5
242.8
117.1
206.2
173.9
195.1

116.5
144.1
123.7
247.4
115.6
212.5
176.9
200.3

MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour . . . .
Un;t labor costs

127.5
128.2
100.6
212.4
117.0
166.6

128.9
134.5
104.4
231.1
118.3
179.4

124,6
121.2
97.2
201.4
115.9
161.6

125.4
124.2
99.0
206.4
116.5
164.6

127.4
128.1
100.5
2
-109.9
116.2
164.7

128.7
129.9
100.9
214.6
117.3
166.7

128.3
130.8
101.9
218.4
117.8
170.2

126.4
130.1
102.9
224.4
118.8
177.5

128.0
133.4
104.2
228.1
117.8
178.1

130.1
135.9
104.4
233.1
117.9
179.1

130.8
138.5
105.9
238.4
118.0
182.2

130.1
140.1
107.7
244.3
117.8
187.9

130.9
139.7
106.7
250.2
116.8
191.1

DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

121.5
122.5
100.8
214.4
118.1
176.4

122.1
129.6
106.1
232.5
119.0
190.4

119.4
115.4
96.6
202.7
116.6
169.7

119.5
117.8
98.6
208.2
117.5
174.3

121.7
122.2
100.4
211.8
117.2
174.0

122.6
124.4
101.5
216.5
118.3
176.6

122.2
125.5
102.7
220.4
118.9
180.4

119.6
124.4
104.0
225.9
119.6
188.8

121.8
128.3
105.4
229.5
118.6
188.5

123.4
131.3
106.4
234.3
118.5
189.9

123.7
134.5
108.7
239.7
118.6
193.7

122.8
136.2
110.9
245.8
118.5
200.2

123.7
135.4
109.4
251.5
117.5
203.3

NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

137.2
137.6
100.3
208.9
115.1
152.3

139.9
142.3
101.7
227.6
116.5
162.7

133.1
130.6
98.1
199.7
114.9
150.0

135.1
134.6
99.6
203.6
114.9
150.7

136.6
137.6
100.7
206.6
114.4
151.2

138.7
138.8
100.1
210.9
115.3
152.1

138.3
139.3
100.7
214.5
115.7
155.1

137.6
139.3
101.2
221.2
117.1
160.7

138.3
141.6
102.4
224.8
116.2
162.6

141.3
143.2
101.4
229.9
116.3
162.7

142.5
145.1
101.8
234.2
115.9
164.3

142.2
146.3
102.9
239.8
115.6
168.7

143.0
146.7
102.6
246.0
114.9
172.1

NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

117.1
141.2
120.6
208.1
114.7
181.8
177.7
194.3
122.7
173.0

119.1
150.0
126.0
227.0
116.2
193.3
190.6
201.8
127.2
183.5

115.6
134.8
116.6
198.2
114.1
176.3
171.5
191.3
107.0
166.0

116.8
138.4
118.5
202.5
114.3
177.7
173.4
191.0
114.1
168.3

116.6
140.4
120.4
205.9
114.0
180.5
176.6
192.4
123.3
172.0

117.8
142.7
121.0
210.2
114.9
182.4
178.4
194.8
130.9
174.7

117.3
143.4
122.3
213.9
115.4
186.3
182.3
198.7
122.2
176.8

117.6
144.7
123.1
220.3
116.6
190.8
187.3
201.5
107.1
178.3

118.9
149.7
125.9
224.4
115.9
191.6
188.7
200.8
129.2
182.3

119.6
151.4
126.6
229.1
115.9
194.0
191.5
201.6
132.7
184.9

120.1
154.2
128.3
234.0
115.8
196.8
194.8
203.1
138.7
188.2

119.6
155.1
129.7
240.4
115.9
202.3
201.0
206.5
130.3
191.6

118.6
153.9
129.8
245.0
114.4
208.2
206.5
213.4
128.1
196.3

IV

p=preliminary.
r=revised.




147

PRODUCTIVITY
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-12. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit
costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate
Annual percent change

Quarterly percent change

IV 1977 I 1978 II 1978 II 1978 IV 1978 I 1979 I 1977 II 1977 II 1977 IV 1977 I 1978 II 1978
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
I 1978 II 1978 II 1978 iv 1978 I 1979 II 1979 I 1978 II 1978, II 1978 iv 1978 I 1979 II 1979
PRIVATE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator

-0.8
2.4
3.2
11.8
3.7
12.7
-8.8
5.3

NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR:
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit non labor payments
Implicit price deflator

2.5
10.5
8.4
-1.6
5.8
23.8
11.2

2.6
4.2
1.5
9.4
0.5
6.6
7.4
6.9

0.8
6.4
5.6
9.0
-0.1
8.2
9.7
8.7

-2.8
1.2
4.1
11.4
0.4
14.6
-1.1
9.3

-2.4
-3.1
-0.7
9.3
-3.8
12.0
5.9
10.0

0.5
4.4
3.9
8.7
2.0
8.1
2.0
6.1

1.6
5.7
4.1
9.1
1.9
7.5
5.5
6.8

0.7
4.8
4.1
9.1
1.0
8.4
5.3
7.4

1.3
5.8
4.5
9.7
0.6
8.3
7.4
8.0

0.7
5.5
4.8
9.6
-0.2
8.8
9.6
9.0

-0.5
2.1
2.6
9.8
-0.8
10.3
5.4
8.7

-0.2
2.7
2.9
12.3
4.1
12.5
11.4
4.4

2.4
11.5
8.9
8.0
-1.9
5.5
21.4
10.2

2.9
4.5
1.6
9.1
0.3
6.0
9.3
7.0

1.3
6.8
5.4
9.4
0.2
8.0
7.2
7.8

-3.0
1.2
4.3
10.7
-0.3
14.1
-4.1
8.1

-4.3
-3.8
0.5
7.8
-5.1
12.7
7.1
11.0

0.3
4.2
3.9
8.9
2.1
8.5
1.1
6.1

1.3
5.7
4.4
9.2
1.9
7.8
3.5
6.4

1.1
5.2
4.1
9.3
1.2
8.1
3.4
6.6

1.6
6.3
4.7
9.7
0.6
8.0
6.0
7.3

0.9
5.9
5.0
9.3
-0.5
8.3
8.1
8.3

-0.8
2.1
2.9
9.2
-1.3
10.1
4.8
8.5

MANUFACTURING:
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-5.7
-2.2
3.8
11.5
3.4
18.3

5.1
10.6
5.2
6.7
-3.2
1.4

6.8
7.6
0.8
9.2
0.3
2.2

2.0
8.1
5.9
9.3
0.1
7.1

-2.3
4.6
7.0
10.4
-0.5
13.0

2.8
-1.1
-3.8
9.9
-3.3
6.9

0.8
4.7
3.9
8.7
2.0
7.9

0.5
4.1
3.6
8.7
1.4
8.1

1.1
4.6
3.5
8.6
0.6
7.4

1.9
5.9
3.9
9.1
0.1
7.1

2.9
7.7
4.7
8.9
-0.8
5.9

2.3
4.7
2.4
9.7
-0.9
7.3

DURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs

-8.1
-3.6
5.0
10.4
2.4
20.2

7.3
13.3
5.5
6.5
-3.3
-0.8

5.3
9.6
4.0
8.6
-0.2
3.1

-1.3
10.0
8.6
9.7
0.4
8.3

-3.1
5.3
8.6
10.4
-0.5
13.9

3.1
-2.4
-5.3
9.7
-3.4
6.5

0.1
5.6
5.5
8.5
1.8
8.4

0.0
5.0
5.0
8.3
1.1
8.3

0.6
5.6
4.9
8.2
0.1
7.5

1.3
7.1
5.8
8.8
-0.2
7.4

2.6
9.5
6.7
8.8
-0.9
6.0

1.6
5.5
3.8
9.6
-0.9
7.9

-2.1
-0.1
2.0
13.0
4.8
15.4

2.0
6.8
4.6
6.8
-3.0
4.7

9.1
4.8
-4.0
9.3
0.4
0.1

3.4
5.3
1.8
7.8
-1.3
4.2

-1.0
3.4
4.5
9.9
-1.0
11.0

2.2
0.9
-1.3
10.8
-2.5
8.3

1.8
3.4
1.6
8.6
1.9
6.7

1.2
2.9
1.7
8.8
1.6
7.5

1.9
3.2
1.3
9.0
0.9
7.0

3.0
4.1
1.1
9.2
0.2
6.0

3.3
5.1
1.7
8.4
-1.2
4.9

3.4
3.6
0.2
9.4
-1.1
5.8

0.9
3.6
2.7
12.4
4.3
9.9

4.6
14.5
9.5
7.7
-2.3
1.8
2.9
-1.3
111.3
9.3

2.3
4.6
2.2*
8.7
-0.1
5.1
6.2
1.7
11.4
5.7

1.8
7.6
5.6
8.8
-0.3
5.9
6.9
2.9
19.5
7.3

-1.8
2.5
4.4
11.3
0.3
11.7
13.4
6.8
-22.1
7.6

-3.3
-3.0
0.3
7.9
-5.0
12.2
11.6
14.0
-6.8
10.1

0.7
4.6
3.9
8.8
2.0
7.3
8.0
5.5
-6.1
6.0

2.0
6.7
4.6
9.0
1.7
6.2
6.8
4.3
4.7
6.0

1.5
6.1
4.6
9.0
0.9
6.4
7.4
3.5
1.4
5.8

2.4
7.5
5.0
9.4
0.4
5.6
6.8
2.2
13.6
6.4

1.7
7.2
5.4
9.1
-0.6
6.1
7.3
2.5
21.7
7.5

-0.3
2.8
3.1
9.2
-1.3
8.7
9.5
6.3
-0.9
7.7

NONDURABLE GOODS
Output per hour of all persons . . . .
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS:
Output per all-employee hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Total unit costs
Unit labor costs
Unit non labor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator

preliminary.
r»revised.

148



11.4
5.6

-40.8
3.6

7.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS

C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas
Average m f c l y hours

Average weekly earnings
Statoa

RUG
1978

$224.41
260.80
271.10

ALABAMA
Birmingham
Mobile

AUG
1979P

HOG
1978

JOLT
1979

AUG
1979P

AUG
1978

JTTLY

1979

AOG
1979P

$240.98 $247.99
295.20
298.75
3 01.08
301.68

41.2
41.2

40.5
i<1.0
41.3

41.4
41.9
41.9

$5.46
6.33
6.58

$5.95
7.20
7.29

$5.99
7.13
7.20

46.2

41.0

(*)

8.37

8.84

(*)

6.66
6.63
6.59

6.75
6.73
6.62

JOLT
1979

386.69

362.44

247.46
249.08
232.46

271.73
267.85
251.08

2^6.08
271.89
256.8fc

40,7
40.9
39.4

40.8
40.4
38.1

40.9
40.4
38.8

6.08
6.09
5. 90

ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock . . .
Pine Bluff

189.37
165.46
196.00
211*75
257.23

206.44
188.50
212,22
229.70
277.89

207.76
183.22
214.49
233.63
290.02

39.7
38*3
39.2
38.5
42.8

39.7
40.8
39.3
39.4
41.6

3 9.8
38.9
39.5
39.8
42.4

4.77
4.32
5.00
5.50
6.01

6.68

5.22
4.71
5.43
5.87
6.84

CALIFORNIA
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles—Long Beach
Modesto
Oxnard—Simi Valley—Ventura
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario .
Sacramento
.
Salinas—Seaside—Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco-Oakland
San Jose
"Santa Barbara—Santa Maria—Lompoc
Santa Rosa
•
Stockton
:
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa

259.05
243.58
270.18
236-22
238.00
262*51
223.20
272.70
281.30
258.86
245.63
312.00
281.93
228.73
229. 48
287.34
277.80

282.58
252.45
3 08*66
235.21
265.86
275.4*1
246.72
294.44
296.06
268.60
254.18
336.48
297.34
243.84
253.65
291.43
301.39

285.51
258.55
306*03
261.14
267.47
268.35
252.41
293,. 38
309,87
262.13
? 58. 14
339.15
302.84
239.94
256.97
306.82
310.95

40.1
40.8
39.5
39.7
40.0
40.2
40.0
40. 4
39.9
39.4
39.3
40.0
41.4
38.9
36.6
40.7
39.8

39.8
39.2
40.4
37.1
40.1
39.4
39.1
40.5
38.4
39.5
37.6
39.4
40.4
38.1
38.2
38.6
-39.5

40.1
39.9
39.9
40.3
40.1
38.5
39.5
40.3
40.4
37*5
38.3
39.9
41.2
37.2
38.7
40.8
40.7

6.4 6
5.97
6,84
5.95
5.95
6.53
5.58
6.75
7.05
6.57
6.25
7.80
6.81
5.88
6.27
7.06
6.98

7.10
6.44
7.64
6.34
6.63
6.99
6.31
7.27
7.71
6.80
6.76
8,54
7.36
6.40
6.64
7»55
7.63

7.12
6.48
7.67
6.48
6.67
6.97
6.39
7.28
7.67
6.99
6.74
&.50
7.35
6.45
6.64
7.52
7.64

COLORADO . . . . . . . . . ,
Denver—Boulder

243.75
242.11

264.71
264.23

267* 30
267.34

39.0
38.8

39.1
38.8

39.6
39.2

6.25
6.24

6.77
6.81

6.75
6.8^

CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury

247.70
263.26
268.39
259.86
254.79
253.76
219.76

266.66
287.31
297.08
277.72
271.17
281.43
235.41

264.96
281.35
290.50
278.99
2 70.85
272.43
237.38

41.7
43.3
42.2
42.6
41.7
41.6
42.1

41.6
43.4
42.5
42.4
41.4
43.7
41.3

41.4
42.5
41.5
42.4
41.1
4 2.7
41.5

5.94
6.08
6.36
6.10
6.11
6.10
5.22

6.41
6.62
6.99
6.55
6.55
6.44
5.70

6.40
6.62
7.00
6.58
6.59
6.38
5.72

DELAWARE
Wilmington

267.30
303.28

278.78
317.21

278.25
317.30

41.7
40.6

39.6
39.8

38.7
38.0

6.41
7.47

7.04
7.97

7.19
8.35

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA:
Washington SMSA

264.21

290.60

2 87.04

39.2

40.3

39.0

6.74

7.20

7.36

FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa-St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

206.64
T92.88
250.98
175.08
222.07
263.93
213.42
237.73

216.00
204.29
254*16
187.11
231.80
301.15
229.96
230.84

218.69
208.35
260.89
195.53
231.16
303.25
234.36
239.02

41.0
40. 1
41.9
39.7
41.2
42.5
41.2
42.3

40.0
39.9
40.6
38.9
41.1
43.9
40.7
36.7

40.2
40.3
40.7
39.5
41*5
44.4
40.9
38.0

5.04
4.81
5.99
4.41
5.39
6.21
5.18
5.62

5.40
5.12
6.26
4.81
5.64
6.86
5.65
6.2$

5.44
5.17
6.41
4.95
5.57
6.83
5.73
6.29

GEORGIA
Atlanta . . . v
Savannah

195.05
214.40
273.49

212.50
253.78
309.40

214.08
242.40
305.20

40.3
38.7
42.8

40.4
40.8
44.2

#0. 7
40.0
43.6

4.84
5.54
6.39

5.26
6.22
7.00

5.26
6.06
7*00

HAWAII
Honolulu

217.32
207.18

229.80
221.56

238*37
228.90

38.6
37.6

38.3
37.3

39.4
38.6

5.63
5.51

6.00
5.94

6.05
5.93

IDAHO
Boise City

273.32
230.89

278.51
(•)

(*)
(*)

39.9
37.3

38.1
<*)

(*)
(•)

6.85
6.19

7.31

(*)
(•)

ALASKA
ARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson

,

(*)

See footnotes at end of table.




149

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS

C-t3. Gross hours and sarnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued
^

ILLINOIS
Btoorninojton—Normal
Champa
ten—Urbana—Rantoul

;

Davenport-Rock Island-Moline f
Oacatur
.

:

. . .

^

Springfield
INDIANA
Gary—'Hammond—East Chicaoo
Indianapolis

.

.

..

IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Das Moines
Dubuque

.

..

...

. ..

Sioux City
Waterloo—Cedar Falls

Topeka
Wichita
KENTUCKY
Louisville
.

.

...

:

MAINE
Lewiston Auburn '
Portland

.
.

.

MARYLAND
Baltimore

. .;'

MASSACHUSETTS
Boston

Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield—Chicopee—Holyoke

------..

..

Battle Creek

,-,"..---,-.-

Bay G t y
Detroit
Flint

.

Grand Rapids
Jackson
1 annrw—Fett Lamina
Muafcimn—Norton Shores Muskeaon Heights

7iwini,
MrNNFSOTA
Dukrtb-Superior
Mwwaapolii St Poul ..

Jadoon

• atandofttUt.

150



,...

, , •

JtJLY
1979

AJG
1979P

1301.87
274.51
262.30
285.16
346.72
343.01
363.05
301.47
318.73

39.9
41.0

40.5
40.6

38.5
40.6
38.6
41. 1
39.4
41.8
4U8

1978

JULY
1979

AUG
1979P

38.5
40.1
39.1
40.8
37.9
40.6
42.3

40.9
41.3
38.7
40.3
39.4
42^0
39.5
41.7
41.8

$6.80
6.0*7
6.51
6.59
7.17
7.30
8.38
6.67
7.39

$7.36
6.52
6.72
7.04
8.71
8.12
9.03
7.13
7.69

$7.39
6.64
6.78
7.08
8.81
8.16
9.19
7.23
7.63

40.6
41.7
40.9

40.4
(*)
(*)

7.21
9.53
7.10

7.87
10.44
7.69

7.85
(*)
(*)

6.92
7.44
7.33
8.38
6.31
8.69

7.86
7.82
8.07
9.35
7.10
9.65

7.72
7.89
8.00
8.48
7.09
9.63

AUG

317.14
(*)
(•)

41.2
42.2
41.9

273,34
295.37
282.21
341.07
244.20
396.26

321*47
316.71
315.54
434.78
291.10
453.55

300.31
319.55
320.00
315.46
292.11
456.46

39.5
39.7
38.5
40.7
38.7
45.6

40.9
40.5
39.1
46.5
41.0
47.0

38.9
40.5
40.0
37.2
41.2
47.4

269.94
275.25
295.96

272.69
276.29
291. 17

(*)
(*)
<*)

40.9
40.3
42.1

40.7
40.1
41.3

(*)

<*>
(*)

(•)
(*)

6.60
6.83
7.03

6.70
6.89
7.05

245.39
283.91

263.64
305.96

264.91
306.06

39.2
40.5

39.0
40.1

38.9
39.8

6.26
7.01

6.76
7.63

6.81
7.69

268.27
334.54
253.99
244.96

282.40
379.28
257.56
257.20

298.45
3 57.06
283.15
268.30

41.4
42.4
39.5
41.1

40.0
43.1
37.6
40.0

41.8
40.3
40.8
40.9

6.48
7.89
6.43
5.96

7.06
8.80
6.85
6.43

7.14
8.86
6.94
6.56

197.88
162.47
197.90

219.89
177.93
204.09

218.80
178.69
206.90

40.8
38.5
39.9

40.2
38.1
38.8

40.0
38.1
38.6

4.85
4.22
4.96

5.47
4.67
5.26

5.47
4.69
5.36

261.14
280.57

284.00
300.51

284.49
303.06

40.3
40.9

40.0
40.5

39.9
40.3

6.48
6.86

7.10
7.42

7.13
7.52

222.15
242.59
177.17

238.60
270.60
181.05
t89.50
232.66
199.26
197.10
238.98
241.80

40.1
39.9
38.6
36.0
39.6
38.6
38.4
41.2
40.5

40.1
41.0
37.9
39.5
36.9
37.4
40.3
39.0

(*)
(*)
(*)
<*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)

5.54
6.08
4.59
4.35
5.53
5.00
4.94
5.49
5.70

5.95
6.60
4.88
5.00
5.89
5.40
5.27
5.93
6.20

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

40.5
41.7
41.3
41.3
41.3
39.1
39.8
42.6
39.7
39.2
41.2
38.8

(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)

(•)
(•)

8.79
9.12
8.77
7.62
9.41
9.80
7.26
7.66
8.16
9.23
7.82
9.86

8.63
9.04
8.91
7.53
9.31
9.61
7.24
7.72
8.06
8.87
7.76
9.50

(*)
«*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)

(*)
(*)

37.. 1

(•)
(*)
(•)
(*)

349.47
377.05
368.11
310.99
384.54
375.79
288.07
329.04
319.78
347,78
319.51
368.76

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

(•)
(•)

361.15
383*17
362.95
313.31
390.64
408.79
290.32
308.50
329.46
388.63
315.77
397.20

(*)
(*)

41.1
42.0
41.4
41.1
41.5
41.7
40.0
40.3
40.4
42.1
40.4
40.3

259.20
234.69
279.48

273.44
259.96
290.66

275.12
261.69
295.94

40.5
38.6
40.8

39.4
38.8
39.6

39.7
39.0
40.1

6.40
6.08
6.85

6.94
6.70
7.34

6.93
6.71
7.38

184.63
204.85

192.76
224.68

198.80
216.12

40.4
41.3

39.1
41.0

40.0
40.7

4.57
4.96

4.93
5.48

4.97
5.31

(*)

MWHKSAN
Ann Artec

AUG
1978

319.52
435.35
314.52

156.60
218.99
193.00
189.70
226.19
230.85

Fall River

MJG
1979P

297.05
102.17
297.49

(*)

KANSAS

LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge
New Orleans

JULY
1979

$271 .18 $298.12
264.33
248.97
258.52
250.20
282.39
267.48
340.25
276.51
331.07
299.82
341.90
329.86
•289.26
-279.17
325.13
309.36

Chicago SMSA

Rockford

hourly aarni

m

1978

Ptoria

Averagi•

urs

•••»•
State and

(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C O . &m» hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas-Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
StattandarM

1979P

1978

JtJLY
1979

$271 .18 «298.12
264.33
248.97
258.52
250.20
282.39
267.48
340.25
276.51
331.07
299.82
341.90
329.86
-279.17 -289.26
325.13
309.36

1301.87
274.51
262.30
285.16
346.72
343.01
363.05
301.47
318.73

39.9
41.0
38.5
40.6
38.6
41.1
39.4
41.8
4U8

40.5
40.6
38.5
40.1
39.1
40.8
37.9
40.6
42.3

317.14

41.2
42.2
41.9

40.6
41.7
40.9

300.31
3t9.55

40.9
40.5
39.1

38.9
40.5

46.5
41.0
47.0

AGfe

1978

ILUWOtt
Btoomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana-Rantoul . . . .
ChkagoSMSA
Davenport-Rock Island-Molina . .
Dacatur
Paoria
Rockford
Springfiald

JULY
1979

AUG

A0G

ABG

1979P
40.9
41.3
38.7
40.3
39.4
42;0
39.5
41.7
41.8
40.4

INDIANA
Gary-Hammond-East Chicago
Indianapolis

297.05
402.17
297.49

319.52
435.35
314.52

IOWA
Cedar Rapids
DasMoines
Dubuque
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

273.34
295.37
282.21
341.07
244.20
396.26

321.47
316.71
315.54
434.78
291.10
453.55

320.00
315.46
292.11
456.46

39.5
39.7
3*. 5
40.7
38.7
45.6

KANSAS .
Topeka .
Wichita .

(*)
(*)
(*)

269.94
275.25
295.96

272.69
276.29
291.17

(*)
(*)
<*)

40.9
40.3
42.1

37.2
41.2
47.4
40.7
40.1
41.3

KENTUCKY .
Louisville .

245.39
283.91

263.64
305.96

264.91
306.06

39.2
40.5

39.0
40.1

38.9
39.8

268.27
334.54
253.99
244.96
197.88
162.47
197.90

282.40
379.28
257.56
257.20
219.89
177.93
204.09

2 98.45
3 57.06
283.15
268.30

41.4
42.4
39.5
41.1

40.0
43.1
37.6
40.0

218.80
178.69
206.90

40.8
38.5
39.9

261.14
280.57
222.15
242.59
177.17
156.60
216.99
193.00
189.70
226.19
230.85

284.49
303.06

(•)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)

284.00
300.51
238.60
270.60
181.05
189.50
232.66
199.26
197.10
238.98
241.80
361.15
383.17
362.95
313.31
390.64
408.79
290.32
308.50
329.46
388.63
315.77
397.20

259.20
234.69
279.48
184.63
204.85

273.44
259.96
290.66
192.76
224.68

LOUISIANA . .
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport .
MAINE
Lewiston-Auburn Portland . . . . . . .
MARYLAND
Baltimore
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
Brockton
Fall River
Lawrence-Haverhill
Lowell
New Bedford
SpringfMd-Chicopee-Holyoke

MICHIGAN . . .
AnnArfaor . .
Battle Creek .
Bayaty . . .
Detroit . . . . .
Grand Rapids
Katefmaoo-Portage
Laneing-East Lansing
Muafcegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights

Dufcit^-Supertor . . .
Mmneepolis-St. Paul

at and of table.

150



(*)

(*)
(*)

(*)
(*)
(*)
<*>
(*)

J0IY
1979
$7.36
6.52
6.72
7.04
8.71
8.12
9.03
7.13
7.69
7.87
10.44
7.69
7.86
7.82
8.07
9.35
7.10
9.65

AUG

1979P
$7.39
6.64
6.78
7.08
8. 81
8. 16
9.19
7.23
7.63
7.85
(*)
(*)

7.72
7.89
8.00
8.48
7.09
9.63
6.70
6.S9
7.05

6.26
7.01

6.76
7.63

6.81
7.69

41.8
40.3
40.8
40.9

6.48
7.89
6.43
5.96

7.06
8.80
6.85
6.43

7.14
8.86
6.94
6.56

40.2
38.1
38.8

40.0
38.1
38.6

4.85
4.22
4.96

5.47
4.67
5.26

5.47
4.69
5.36

40.3
40.9

40.0
40.5

39.9
40.3

6.48
6.86

7.10
7.42

7.13
7.52

40.1
39. 9
38.6
36.0
39.6
38.6
38.4
41.2
40. «5

40.1
41.0

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*>
(*)
(*)
(*)

5.54
6.08
4.59
4.35
5.53
5.00
4.94
5.49
5.70

5.95
6*60
4.88
5.00
5.89
5.40
5.27
5.93
6.20

(*)

(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(•)
(*)
(•)
(•)

8.79
9.12
8.77
7.62
9.41
9.80
7.26
7.66
8.16
9.23
7.82
9.86

8.63
9.04
8.91
7.53
9.31
9.61
7.24
7.72
8.06
a.87
7.76
9.50

6.94
6.70
7.34

6.93
6.71
7.38

4.93
5.48

4.97
5.31

37.. 1

349.47
377.05
368.11
310.99
384.54
375.79
288.07
329.04
319.78
347.78
319.51
368.76

(•)
(*)
(•)
<*)
(*>
(*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
<•)
(•)
(*)

275.12
261.69
295.94

40.5
38.6
40.8
40.4
41.3

39.4
38.8
39.6
39.1
41.0

198.80
216.12

40.0

1978
$6.80
6.0-7
6.51
6.59
7.17
7.30
8.38
6.67
7.39
7.21
9.53
7.10
6.92
7.44
7.33
8.38
6.31
8.69

6.60
6.83
7.03

37.9
39.5
36.9
37.4
40.3
39.0
41.1
42.0
41.4
41.1
41.5
41.7
40.0
40.3
40.4
42.1
40.4
40.3

(•)
(•)
(•)
(*)

(*)
(*)

A0G

(•)
<*>

40.5
41.7
41.3
41.3
41.3
39.1
39.8
42.6
39.7
39.2
41.2
38.8
39.7
39.0
40.1
40.0
40.7

(•)
(•)
(*)

<*>

6.40
6.08
6.85
4.57
4.96

(•)

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

I*)
(*)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS A N D EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas-Continued
Awrsje weokfy hours

A i v i | i wotKiy MtfnifiQat

Stattandtru

New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayrevilte

A0G
1978

JUtY
1979

$235.07
274.72
225.15
283.91
222.96

ADG
1979P

10G
1978

JOLT
1979

1979P

10G
T978

JOLT
1979

ADG
1979P

$260.35
299.6$
250.58
294.47
240*98

$263.25
304.84
252.90
296.74
241.59

38.6
40.4
39.5
40.1
40.1

38.8
39.9
39.4
38.9
39.7

39.0
39.9
40.0
39.2
39.8

$6.09
6.80
5.70
7.08
5.56

$6.71
7.51
6.36
7.57
6.07

$6.75
7.64
6.32
7.5?
6.07

338.35

361.65

353.56

42.4

42.9

42.7

7.98

8.43

8.28

239.37
237.55
259.43

268.27
255.81
283.72

274.73
259.25
288.56

41*2
38.5
40.6

41.4
38.7
41.0

41.5
39.4
40.7

5.81
6.17
6.39

6.48
6.61
6.92

6.62
6.58
7.09

250.88
328.02

257.94
312.12

281.50

37.5
40.1

38.1
36.0

40,1
(*)

6.69
8.18

6.77
8-67

7.02
(*)

199.39
175.89
221.66

215.17
189.36
238.55

218.43
194.50
239.54

40.2
39.0
41.2

39.7
38.1
41.2

40.3
38.9
41.3

4.96
4.51
5.38

5.42
4.97
5.79

5.42
5.00
5.80

255.85
172.59
247 ..23
246.96
246.80
274.80
258.49
241.16
267.08

274.23
198.51
269.43
258.49
265.98
299.06
278.70
253.89
283.56

273.98
203.84
267.96
260.15
266.26
296.00
281.05
259.72
282.98

41.4
38.1
40.2
43.1
40.0
41.2
42.1
40.6
40.9

41.3
39.0
40.7
42.1
40.3
40.8
42.1
40.3
40.8

41.2
39.2
40.6
42.3
40.9
40;0
42.2
40.9
40.6

6.18
4.53
6.15
5.73
6.17
6.67
6.14
5.94
6.53

6.64
5.09
6.62
6.14
6.60
7.33
6.62
6.30
6.95

6.64
20
60
15
6.51
7.40
6.66
6.35
6.97

184.32
170.50

214.11
214.01

215.60
211.46

38.4
38.4

39.0
38.7

39.2
38.8

4.80
4.44

5.49
5.53

5.50
5.45

237.98
265.60
217.31
323.59
243.01
304.47
223.83
227.34
205.13
200.88
197.25
258.23
286.59
244.76
274.03
230.68
230.29

257.94
278.59
2>39.72
341.88
264.96
333.32
240.30
245.63
224.69
220.82
215.65
269.01
314.61
248.35
284.72
244.51
262.03

258.33
282.20
242.90
342. 66
260.34
334.54
244.55
(*)
225.34
220.71
216.50
270.94
314.77
250.85
288.97
247.95
252.13

39.4
40.0
39.8
41.7
40.3
41.2
39.2
39.4
37.5
37.2
36.8
43.4
41.0
42.2
41.9
40.4
39.5

39.2
40.2
40.7
40*7
40.7
41.1
39.2
39.3
37.7
37.3
36.8
42.7
40.7
39.8
40;5
39.5
41.2

39.5
40.2
41.1
40.6
40.3
41.2
39.7
(•)
38.0
37.6
37.2
42.6
41.2
40.2
41.4
39.8
40.6

6.04
6.64
5.46
7.76
6.03
7.39
5.71
5.77
5.47
5.40
5.36
5.95
6.99
5.80
6.54
5.71
5.83

6.58
6.93
5.89
8.40
6.51
8.11
6.13
6.25
5.96
5.92
5.86
6;30
7^73
6.24
7.03
6.19
6.36

6.54
7.02
5.91
8.44
6.46
8.12
6.16
(•)

180.29
176.67
1 85.19
196.31
201.50

192.76
193.19
196,26
209.08
220.40

193.45
191.92
198.99
211.18
226.33

39.8
39.7
40.7
39.9
39.9

39.5
40.5
40.3
39.3
40.0

39.4
39.9
40.2
39.4
40.2

4.53
4.45
4.55
4.92
5.05

4.88
4.-77
4.87
5.32
5.51

4.91
4.81
4.95
5.36
5.63

232.88
249.89

230.83
257.63

241.80
264.67

41.0
40.5

38.6
38.8

40.1
39.8

5.68
6.17

5.98
6.64

6.03
6.65

305.87
3 04.68
310.34
287.28
31^.71
268.21
310.06
317.52
358.94

324.66
310.54
337.77
304.20
337.60
278.87
334.51
325.61
386.87

318.24
313.59
328.04
302.63
327.47
282.40
323.75
328.05
374.00

41.9
42.2
40.2
42.0
42.3
40.7
42.3
42.0
41.4

41.2
40.7
41.7
W.5
42.2
39.5
41.4
40.1
41.2

40.8
41.1
40.7
41.4
41.4
40.0
41.4
40.4
40.0

7.30
7.22
7.72
6.84
7.44
6.59
7.33
7.56
8.67

7.88
7.63
8.10
7.33
8.00
7.06
8,08
8.12
9.39

7.80
7.63
8.06
7.31
7.91
7.06
7.82
8.12
9.35

(•)

5.93
5.87
5.82
6.36
7.64
6.24
6.98
6.23
6.21

See footnotes at end of table.




151

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas—Continued
raft hourly Mrninfi

Averap,

OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa
OREGON.
Eugene—Springfield
Jackson County
Portland

ATJG
1979P

AOG
1978

JULY
1979

AOG
1979P

AOG
1978

JULY
1979

AOG
1979P

$267.55
271.58
283.51

40.7
39.5
40.5

40.5
41.1
40.1

40.6
41.4
40.1

$5.89
5.82
6.30

$6.55
6.37
7.14

$6.59
6.56
7.07

38.9
39.6
38.8
38.1

39.0

39.1

40_. 5
38.8
38. 3

(•)
(•)

296.44

312.02
(*)
(•)
297.99

38.5

7.21
%.88
7.52
6.96

8.11
8.71
6.30
7.74

7.98
(•)
(*)
7.74

40.1
38.4
37.9
40.2
41.4
39,8
39.0
40.0
37.4
40.2
40.4
38.9
39.4
36.0
40.1
41.5

39.9
38.5
39.1
39.9
40.4
41.2
40.2
40.7
37.4
40.0
41.4
38.1
39.6
35.8
38.0
41.3

39.7
38.5
39.0
40.0
41.2
41.1
39.8
40.6
37.4
40.1
40.2
38.4
39.2
35.9
39.1
41.4

6.42
6.57
5.50
6.62
6.33
5.73
6.77
5.63
5.02
6.55
7.81
5.86
5.02
4.95
5.73
5.78

6.95
7.21
6.02
7.05
6.99
6.45
7.52
6.02
5.32
6.99
8.43
6*. 41
5.24
5.39
6.23
6.18

7.04
7.33
6.05
7.10
6.96
6.54
7.51
6.03
5.42
7.02
8.59

AOG
1978

JULY
1979

$239.72
229.89
255.15

$265.28
261.81
286.31

280.47
312.05
291.78
265.18

316.29
352,76
322 04

PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown-Bethlehem—Easton
Altoona
Delaware Valley 1
'.
Erie
".
;
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster.
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading . . .. .A
Scranton *
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton 9.
'.....
Williamsport
York

257.44
252.29
208.45
266.12
262.06
228.05
264.03
225,20
187.75
263.31
315.52
227.95
197.79
180.36
229.77
239.87

277.31
277.59
235.38
281.30
282.40
265.74
302.30
245.01
198.97
279.60
34.9.00
244.22
207.50
t92.96
236.74
255.23

279.49
282.21
235.95
284.00
286.75
268.79
298.90
244.82
202.71
281.50
345.32
250.75
207.37
19$.53
245.55
258*75

RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick—Pawtucket . . .

181.50
181.58

199.17
198.90

195.71
195.20

38.7
38.8

38.9
39.0

38.3
38.5

4.69
4.68

5.12
5.10

5.11
5.07

SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville—Spartanburg

193.73
221.40
186.12
191.76

207.98
230.22
203.26
204.62

209.50
227.92
206.44
207.87

40.7
41.0
39.6
40.8

40.7
39.9
39.7
40.6

40.6
39.5
39.7
40,6

4.76
5.40
4.70
4.70

5.11
5.77
5.12
5.04

5.16
5.77
5.20
5.12

SOUTH DAKOTA
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

215.66
178.82
271.58

252.11
174.03
363.79

242.65
185.33
336.54

41.0
35.2
42.5

44.7
35.3
52.8

42,2
35.3
47.2

5.26
5.08
6.39

5.64
4.93
•6.89

5.75
5.25
7.13

TENNESSEE
ChattanoogaKnoxville
Memphis
Nashville-Davidson

206.92
215.13
247.52
240.49
228.80

217.71
221.29
264.31
257.51
239.19

220. 40
228.58
259.77
261.53
237.01

40.1
40.9
41.6
40.9
41.3

39.8
39.8
40.6
39.8
40.2

40.0
40.6
40.4
40.8
39*9

5.16
5.26
5.95
S.88
5.54

5.47
5.56
6.51
^.47
5.95

$.51
5.63
6.43
6.41
5.94

TEXAS
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur—Orange:.. . .
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fprt Worth . . .
El Paso
Galveston—Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls

244.36
229.39
187.05
343.99
278.36
224.82
192.22
387.90
306.07
178.35
180.24
210.83
216.80

259.94
257.64
196.80
369.46
306.36
237.94
183.54
406.81
327.51
192.76
188.80
227.77
233.79

263,98
265.43
200,16
372.28
309. 44
240.57
195.82
410.73
330.79
196.61
196.99
229.65
246.43

41.7
40.6
41.2
41.0
41.3
41.1
39.7
43.1
43.6
39.9
39.7
40.7
40.6

40.3
43.3
40.0
40.6
41.4
39.2
38.0
42.2
42.7
39.1
40.0
40.6
38.9

40.8
43.3
40.6
41.0
42.1
40.5
39.4
42.3
42.3
39.8
40.7
40.7
40.8

5.86
5.65
4.54
8.39
6.74
5.47
4.59
9.00
7.02
4.47
4.54
5.18
5.34

6.45
5.95
4.92
9.10
7.40
6.07
4.83
9.64
7.67
4.93
4.72
5.61
6.01

6.47
6.13
4.93
9.08
7.35.
5.94
4.97
9.71
7.82
4.94
4.84
5.64
6.04

UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden

224.43
214.50

245.36
229.88

245.78
230.30

39.1
39.0

38.7
38.7

39*2
39.3

5.74
5.50

6.34
5.94

6.27
5.86

VERMONT
Burlington •.
Springfield

210.64
240.55
241.34

220.65
242.49
246.14

228.22
260.22
266.90

40.9
42.5
41.9

39.9
41.1
39.7

40.9
42.8
41.9

5.15
5.66
5.76

5.53
5.90
6.20

5.58
6.08
6.37

VIRGINIA
Bristol
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth
Northern Virginia . l .°.
Petersbujg-Colonial Heights-Hopewell

203.78
179.83
211.53
225.18
242.84
244.86

224.40
198.15
226.89
263.13
246.64
272.20

225.44
194.18
219.45
259.12
254.78
291,80

39.8
38.1
40.6
40.5
4t.3
38.2

40.0
37.6
40.3
41.7
39.4
38.5

39.9
36.5
38.5
41.0
39.5
39.7

5.12
4.72
5.21
5.56
5.88
6.41

5.61
5*27
5.63
6.31
£.26
7.07

5.65
5.32
5.70
6.32
6.45
7.35

See footnotes at end of table.

152



fc.53
5.29
5.53
6.28
6.25

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
C-13. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas—Continued
Average weekly earnings

AUG
1978
VIRGINIA—Continued
Richmond
Roanoke

JULY
1979

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hour*

JULY
1979

AUG
1979P

$6.77
5.12

AU€
1979P

AUG
1978

JULY
1979

AUG
1979P

AUG
1978

$268.09
208.38

40.1
40.0

39.9
38.9

39.6
40.7

$6.24
4.69

$6.72
5.12

39.3
39.4
40.3
38.5

38.4
38.7
36.6
36.8

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

7.65
7.75
6.45
7.64

8.49
8.40
7.66
8.43

(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)

$250.22
187.60

$268.13
199.17

WASHINGTON . .
Seattle-tverett
Spokane
Tacoma

300.65
305.35
259.94
294.14

326.02
325.08
280.36
310.22

WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland •
Parker sburg-Marietta

272.95
313*12
294.71
278.92
288.56

287.96
321.57
316.40
311.41
310.59

295.57
321.77
326.70
303.89
313.80

39.5
42.2
39.4
40.6
41.4

39.5
41.6
39.5
41.8
40.6

39.2
41.2
39.6
40.9
40.7

6.91
7.42
7.48
6.87
6.97

7.29
7.73
8.01
7.45
7.65

7.54
7.81
8.25
7.43
7.71

WISCONSIN

273.35
267.62
269.96
280.75
336.08
214.37
275.76
300.84
292.17

291.02
296.77
288.05
302.12
329.55
234*56
299.38
318.56
313.04

293.76
294.61
297.78
302.87
364.88
222.12
291.27
3 23 ..57
301.00

41.1
41.6
40.5
42.7
42.1
39.1
40.5
40.8
40.9

40,
42.

40.8
41.9
41.5
42.2
41.7
40.1

39.8

6.64
6.43
6.66
6.57
7.98
5.49
6.81
7.38
7.14

7.18
7.07
7.10
7.31
8.23
5.89
7.44
7.89
7.66

7.20
7.04
7.18
7.17
8.76
5.54
7.24
7.94
7.56

252.63
286.63
(•)

251.10

253.46
313.62
(*)

40.1
40.-?
(•)

37.2
38.1
(*)

38.0
39.8
(*>

6.30
7.13
(*)

6.75
8.31
(*)

6.67
7.88
(*)

Appteton—Oshkosh
Eau C l a i r e . . . . . ' , . .
Green Bay

..«

Kenosha . ,
La Crosse

Racine
WYOMW»$ .
Casper...
Cheyenne

316.61
(*)

'Data for 1979 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Area: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New. Jersey.
3
Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey.
4
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
5
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
6
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
7
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania.
'Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Lackawanna County.
a




(*)
(•)
<*>
(*)

40.6
41.3
40.1
39.8
40.2
40.4
40.9

40.
40.

9
Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Luzerne County.
10
Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area:
Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun,and Prince William Counties, Virginia.
p=preliminary.
* Not available.

SOURCE-Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

153

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-1. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date
I Per 100 employees]
Annual
average

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

5.6
5. 1
5.3
6.1

5.9
4.7
4.8

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

3.6
3.0
3.3
3.7

2.9
2.4
2. 5
2.7
7

Total accessions

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

.

.

. . .

4.7
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.2
3.7

3.9
4.0

4. 1
-

4.6
4.0
3.5.
4. 1
4.2
2.9
3.9
3.7
3.8
4.0

3.9
3.6
3. 1
3.7
3.7
2.7
3.5
3.7
3.2
3.4

4.4
3.7
3. 5
4.0
4. 1
3.2
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.8

4.5
3.7
3.6

4.8

6.6

4.2
4.0

5.4
4.9

4. 1

4.9

5.4

5. 1
4.4
4.0
4.7

A A

C

C

c ?

A "\

C

Q

c ?

•3

4.5
3.7
3.9
3.8
4.0
3.9

5. 1
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.7

4.9
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.4
4. 3

5.5
5.2
5. 1
5.3
5.4
5. 0 p

4.9
4-6
4.4
4.6
4.9

3.8
3. 7
3. 5
3.9
4.3

2.4
2.8
2.9
3. 1
3.3

1.8
Z.Z
2.2
2.4
2.4

3.9

4.3
3.5
3.4
4.5
5.1
4.2
3. 1
3.6
4.0
4.2
3.7P

4.8
3.4
3.4
4.3
4.8
3.9
3. 1
3.2
3.5
3.9

4.0
2.7
2.7
3.9
4.4
2.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5

2.8

2. 1
1.4
1.6
2. 1
2.0
1.0
1.3
1.3

.7

.7

.6
.6

.6
. 5

.7
.6
. 5

6.6

4.2
4. 1
3.8
3.7
4.0
5.2

A

Q

5.4
4.5
4.8
4.9
4.9
4.8

5.4

5.0
3.8
3.9
4.8

Q

k

New hires

3.7
2.8
2.6
3.3
3.9
3.2
2.0
2.6
2.8
3. 1

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

3.3
2.9
2.0
2.6
3.5
3.2
1.3
2. 1
2.2
2.5
2.8

3.0
2.5
1.9
2.5
3.2
2.8
1.2
2. 1
2. 1
2.2
2.5

3.4
2.6
2.2
2.8
3.5
3. 1
1.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.8

3. 5
2.6
2.3
2.9
3.7
3.3
1.6
2.6
2.7
2.9
2.9

5.4
3.9
3.5
4.2
5.0
4.3
2.5
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.8

3.8
2.8
2.7
3.7
4.5
4.0
2.0
3. 1
3.5
3.6
3.6

3.0
2.7
3.5
4. 1
3.7
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.3
3. 1

1.9
2.2
2.9
3. 1
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.6

1.6
1.7

Recalls

1976
1977
1978
1979

1.0

.9
. 7

.

1.4
1.2
1.0

.9

1.0
1.3
. 7
.7

1.2
1. 1
.8
.7

1.0

.9
.8
.7

1.0
.8
.8
.8

.9

1. 1

.8
.7
. 7

.9

1. 1
1.0

.8
. 9

1.0p

.9

.8
.8
.7

4.6
4.4
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.2

5.3
5.3
4.8
4.8
5.2
4.9

6.2
5.6
5.5
5. 5
6.5
6.2

6.0
5.3
5.5
5.8
5. 5

5.4
5.3
4.3
4.4
5.0
5. 1

4.3
4.3
3.7
3.8
4.2
5.0

3.6
3.5
3.8
3.9

4. 3
4.3
4. 1
4. 3

4.9
5. 1
5.3
5.8P

4.7
4.9
4.8

4. 1
3.8
4. 1

3.4
3.4
3.5

3.5
3.4
3.4

2.7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.6
1. 5
1. 9
1.9
2. 1
2.0

4.0
3.0
2.8

4.4
3.3
2.9
3.5
4.0
3. 3
2. 1
2.5
2.8
3. 1

3.0
2. 1
2.0
2.5
3. 1
2.2
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.3

2. 1
1.4.
1.5
2.0
2.3
1.4
1.2
1.2
1. 5
1. 7

1.6
1.2
1.2

1.6

1. 1
1.7
1.8

1. 1
1.7
1.5
.9
.8
1.2
1.5
1.3
1. 1
.8

1.3
2.2
1. 5
1.0
.8
1.8
1.6
1. 5
1. 1

1.3
2. 1
1.5
1.0
1. 1
2.8
1.7
1.5
1. 1
1.0

1.8
2.2
1.8
1.3
1.6
3.6
1.9
1.8
1. 5
1.4

Total separations

4.9
4.8
4.2
4.3
4.7

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

4.9
4. 2
3.8
3.8
3.9

4.5
4.8
4.2
4. 1
4. 3
5.0
6. 1
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.8

4.0
4.3
3.5
3.5
3.8
4. 1
4. 5
3.0
3.4
3.1
3.2

4.4
4.4
3.7

3.9
4.3
4.4
4. 2
3. 5
3.4
3.5
3.6

4.5
4.8
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.3
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.6

4.6
4.6
3.7
3.9
4.4
4.4
3. 9
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.8

o

c

Quits

2.7
2. 1
1.8
2.3
2.8
2. 4
1. 4
1. 7
1. 8
2. 1

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975 . .
1976
1977
1978
1979

2.3
2. 1
1.5
1.7
2. 3
2. 2
1. 1
1. 3
1. 4
1. 5
1.8

2. 1
1.9
1.3
1.6
2. 1
2. 0
. 9
1.2
1. 3
1.4

1.6

2.4
2.0
1.5
1.9
2. 5
2. 3
1. 0
1. 6
1.6
1.8
1.9

2.6
2. 1
1.6
2.0
2. 5
2.4
1. 1
1.7
1.7
2. 0
2.0

2.7
2. 1
1.7
2.2
2.8
2. 7
1. 3
1.7
1. 9
2. 1
2. 1

2.6
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2. 5
1.4
1.8
1. 9
2.2
2. 1

3.6
4.6
4.0
2. 5
2.8
3. 1
3. 5
3.3P

1.6
1.6
1. 0

.9
1.0
1.2
1. 3

Layoffs

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

1.2
1.8
1.6
1. 1
.9
1. 5
2. 1
1.3
1. 1
.

p* preliminary.

154



.

.

.9

1.2
1.7
1.9
1.5
1. 1
1.8
4.0
1.6
1.7
1.2
1. 1

1.0
1.5
1.4
1. 1
.8
1.3
2.9
1.0
1.4

1.0
1.6
1.4
1. 1
.8
1. 1
2.5
1. 1
1.0

.9

.9
.8

.8

.7
•8
1.8

1.0
1.5
1.2
1. 1
.7
.8
1.6

.9

.9

.8
.7
.7

.8
.7
.8

.9

.9

1.7
1.4
1.0
.7

1. 5
1.2

.9
2. 1
1. 1

.9
.8

.9

.9

2.3
2. 1
1.7
1.4
1.4
2.0

1.6
1.5
1.0
1.4

NOTE: See note to table C-1.

.9
.8
1. 1
1.3
1. 1
1.0
.8
1.4P

.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry
Separation rates

AcoMsion rate!

Layoffs

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

July
1979

MANUFACTURING
24, 25,
32-39
20-23,
26-3

4.3

Aug.
1979 P

5.0

July
1979

3. 1

Aug.
1979 P

July
1979

3.7

0.9

Aug
1979P

July
1979

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

3.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

Aug. P
1979

July
1979

Aug. 1
1979

2.0

1.0

4.3

5.8
5.4

DURABLE GOODS

3.7

4.2

2.7

3. 1

.7

.8

4.0

1. 7

2.8

NONDURABLE GOODS

5.2

6.1

3.7

4.6

1.2

1.3

4.8

6.3

2.5

4. 1

5.7
4.5
3.9
5.4
4.5
7. 1
9.9
11.4
5. 1

6.5

4.9
3.8
3.4
4.7
3.6
6.4
9.1
10.7
4.2

5.7

.6
.4
.3
.6
.7
.6
.7
.6
.6

.6

5.5
4.3
3.7
5.6
5.4
8.5
9.3
10.4
5.2

7.6

3.6
2.9
2.6
3.4
2.9
6.5
6.0
7.2
3. 1

5.4

5.9
6.4
6.8
5.4
6.4
4.7
5.7

7.2

4.4
4.6
4.9
4.3
5.6
3.3
5.0

5.6

1.3
1.6
1.8
1.0
.6
1.3

1.4

5.9
6.4
7. 1
5.5
5.6
4.0
5.3

7.8

3.2
3.6
4.0
3.2
3.5
2.0
2.9

4.7

1.5
1.5
1.8
1.3
.6
1. 1
1. 1

1.5

4.3
3.6
3.2
4.2
3.5
1.0
5.9
3.6
5.8
3.8

4.7

3.4
2.3
2.0
2.7
2.6
.9
5.2
3.2
5.0
2.7

3.8

.8

3.8
3.2
2.6
4.0
4.6
1.2
6.2
3.2
4.3
3.4

5.8

2.1
1. 2
1.2
1. 1
2.2
.5
4.3
2.0
2.8
1.6

3.6

.8
1.0
.7
1.4
1.2
. 1

1. 1

2.5
2.0
1.9
2.9
2.6

2.6

1.7
1. 1
1.0
2.3
2. 1
2.6
1. 1
1.7
1.9

1.7

3. 1
2.0
1.8
4.9
5.1
3. 1
1.5
2.3
2.2
1.5
2.7
6.8
7. 1

4.4

1.0
.4
.2
1.7
1.8
1.6

1.8

4.5
3.4
3.2
4.4
3.5
4.8
4.0
4.2
4,5
5.4
2.7
4. 7
4. 1
4.8
3.4
5.9
5.2
7.8
4.9
6.4
1.5
3.9
2,6
6.5

5.8

1.2

DURABLE GOODS
24
242
2421
243
2431
244
245
2451

249
25
251
2511
2512
2515
252
254
32
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
329
33
331

3312
332
3321
3325
333
335
3351
3353
3357

336
3361
34
341
3411
342
3423,5
3429
343
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
345
3451
3452

346
3462
3465
3469
347
348
349
3494

3496

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wooden containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Partitions and fixtures
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products

,

,

,

,

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Blast furnace and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Iron and steel foundries
Gray iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries
Aluminum foundries
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades.
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
~.
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings
Misc. fabricated wire products

3. 1
1.4
2.4
2.2
1. 1
2.8
4.7
4.7
4. 1
3.8
3.9
3. 1
3. 1
3.0
4.4
4.8
5.7
5.9
3.1
5.2
3.6
4.6
2.7
3.7
1.9
3.6
4.6
5.9
1.9
3.8
3. 1
5.9

. 7

.6
.3
.7

1.0

.9
1.6
3.4
3.5
4.7

3. 1
1.7
1.5
2.5
2.6
2.5
3.7
4.0
4.9
5.1
2.4
4.5
3. 1
4.0
2.3
2.0
1.5
3.4
4.9
1.5
2.8
2. 1
4.3

.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
.7
. 1

3.7

.5
.5
.5
.4
.3
.4
. 1
.5
.2
(l)
1. 1
1.0
1.0

.6

.8
1.5
1.8
.5
.4
.4

.8

.6
.7
.7
.7

.6
.6
.4
.6
.3

1.2
.3
2.0
1.0
.8
.3
.9
.8

1.3

.9
.4
.5
.9

1. 1

1.5

.6
.5
1.9
2.0
.4
.2
.7
.3
.7

1. 1
.4
.8
2.2
2. 1

.9
2.0
1.4
3.3

.8

.6
1.2

.6
.9

2. 1
.9
.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.6
3.7
1.4
2.9
2.2
2.8
1. 7
1.6
1.0
1.0
2.3
3.3

.7
.4
.3
.9
1.6
.9
1.2

1. 1
3.3
3.6
3.3

1.5
1.4
1.4
2.0
1. 1
2.2

1.5

.9
.8
.7
.6
.6

1.0
.7
.5
.8
3.3
3.4
6.0

1.4
1.6
.2
1. 1
.5
2. 1

See footnotes at end of table.




155

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2. Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
Accession ratm
1972
SIC
Code

Layoffs
Industry

July
1979

Aug.
19791

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3533
354
3541
3544
3545
355
3551
3552
356
3561
3562
3564
357
3573
358
3585

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Oil field machinery
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Special industry machinery
Food products machinery
Textile machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Blowers and fans
Office and computing machines
Electronic computing equipment
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. machinery, except electrical

3.0
4.2
1.5
5.3
3.3
3.3
2.6
1.8
4.2
2.8
1.9
3.4
2.6
2.5
2.2
3.0
2.5
1.8
2.5
3.3
3.3
3.2
2.9
2.9
3.8

3.0

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3622
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
365
3651
366
3661
3662
367
3671-3

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT .
Electric distributing equipment
Transformers
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus . . .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
•ndustrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Radio and TV receiving sets
Communication equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Radio and TV communication equipment .
Electronic components and accessories
Electronic tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Engine electrical equipment

3.5
3.3
2.9
3.6
2.4
2.4
2.7
4.2
5.5
2.7
4.5
4.2
1.3
3.5
3.9
3.9
2.6
1.8
2.9
4.6
1.8
3.7
5.7
3.5
2.8

4.0

3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories .
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts . . .
Aircraft equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing . . .
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts . . .
Guided missiles and space vehicles . . .
Miscellaneous transportation equipment

3.2
2.3
2.2
3.6
2.1
5.5
2.8
2.6
2.2
4. 1
7.5
8.5
5.9
4.2
2.9
3.0
6.5

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Engineering and scientific instruments
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity

2.7
2.2
3.2
3.2
2.4
3.9

3674
3679
369
3694

37
371

Separation rates

See footnotes at end of table.

156



Aug.
1979 P

July
1979

2.3
.9
.5
1. 1
2.8
2.7
1.9
1.3
3.0
2.2
1.7
2.4
2.3
2. 1
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.6
1.8
2.7
2.9
2.8
2.0
1.9
3.3

2.3

0.4
2.4
. 1
3.3
.2
.2
.4
.3
1.0
.3
. 1
.4
.2
.2
.2
.5
.3

2.5
2.3
1.9
2.7
1.8
1.7
2.1
2.5
1.6
1.3
3.5
2.5
.7
2.7
2.0
1.8
2.1
1.3
2.4
3.8
1.2
3.3
4.6
1.9
1.3

2.9

July
1979

.2
.4
.2
.2
.6
.5
.4

1.9
1.2
1.3
2.5
.7
4.3
2.4
2.2
1.8
3.7
3.6
4.0
3. 1
1.8
1.9
1.8
2.8
3. 1

2.2
2.0
2.4
1.8
2.0
3.0

2.5

.6
.5
.4
.5
.2
.2
.3
1. 1
2.5
1.0
.7
1.4
.3
.5
1.1
1. 1
.3
.4
.2
.5
.2
.2
.9
1.3
1.2
.8
.5
.3
1.0
.6
1. 1
. 1
. 1

Aug.
1979 F

0.3

July
1979

Aug.
1979 F

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

July
1979

2., 8
3.6
2.4
4. 1
3,2
2.6
2. 3
1. 6
3.6
2. 6
1.4
3. 5
2.4
2.2
2. 2
3. 7
2.4
1. 8
2.0
4.0
2. 2
2.0
4.4
4.9
3.8

3.8

1.3
.4
.3
.5
1.6
1.6
1.2
.8
1.8
1.3
.8
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.8
1. 1
1.0
.7
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.4
2.3

2.2

0.6
1.9
.3
2.5
.8
.3
.5
.2
1.0
.5
. 1
.7
.3
.3
.3
1.2
.6
.2
.5
1.8
.1
. 1
1.9
2.3
.6

3.7
3.3
2.9
3.6
3.0
3.7
2.4
5.4
7.8
1.8
4.9
5. 1
2.2
3.3
4.6
4.4
1.9
1.3
2. 2
4.0
2 5
2.6
5. 1
5.3
5.6

5.0

1.6
1.6
1.3
1.9
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.9
.8
2.5
1.6
.7
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
.5
1.2
2.5
.7
1.7
3.2
1.3
1.0

2.9

1. 1
.4
.5
.4
.9
1.5
.3
2. 1
3.3
(l)
1.3
2.6
.8
1.0
2.3
2. 1
.3
.3
.3
.6
1.0
.1
1.0
2.2
3.4

.2
3.8
4.4
2.7
1.8
.4
.5
3.2

5.0
7.2
7.4
3.8
7.6
5.5
1. 7
1.5
1.4
2.8
5.9
5.4
2.5
3.7
1.4
1.2
7.2

.3
. 1
.4
1.0
. 1
.4

2.3
1.7
2.4
2.7
2. 1
2.2

1.1
.9
.8
2.3
.8
2.5
1.0

2.9
5.1
5.8
.7
5.2
1.3
,1
.1
.2
. 1
2.5
2.3
.6
1.3
.2
.2
3.9

.9

.6
1.8
2.4
2.2
1.2
.6
.7
.6

2.6
4.0

1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3

2.6

.4
.2
.5
.9
.1
.4

Aug.
1979 F

0.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.

Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued

Accession rates
1972
SIC
Code

383
384
3841
3842

Total

Separation rates
Total

Recalls

Quits

Layoffs

Industry
July
1979

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS—Cont'd
Optical instruments and lenses
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, and watchcases

391
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
399

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Miscellaneous manufactures

20
201
2011
2013
2016
202
203
204
205
2051
2052
206
207
208
2082
2086
209

FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry dressing plants
Dairy products
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies and crackers
Sugar and confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. foods and kindred products

21
211

TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigarettes

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
227
228
229

TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics

23
231
232
2321
2327
2328
233
234
2341
2342
236
238
239

APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear
Men's and boys' separate trousers
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and children's undergarments

26
261.2,6
262

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Paper and pulp mills
Paper mills, except building paper

39

New hi™.

3.0
2.6
3. 1
2.3
3.9
1.6
3.3

Aug.
I979P

_
_
_
_
_
-

July
1979

2.8
2.2
2.6
1.8
2.7
1.5
2. 1

Aug.
1979 P

_
_
_
_
_
-

July
1979

0. 1
.3
.3
.3
.6
1.0

Au
8-t)
1979P

_
_
_
_
_
-

July
1979

2.0
2.9
3.3
2.8
4.3
1. 1
3.4

Au
S-n
1979 P

_
_
_
_
_
-

July
1979

1.4
1. 7
2. 1
1.5
2.2
.6
2.0

A

ug._
1979P

_
_
_
_
_
-

July
1979

0. 1
.5
.5
.6
1.3
.1
.5

Au
S--n
1979P

_
_
_
_
_
-

6.2
4.9
4.4
9.4
13.4
5.6
3.7
6.7
4.7

7.2
-

4.4
2.4
2.3
7. 1
9.8
4.5
2.7
3.9
3.9

5.9
_
-

1.5
2.3
1.7
2.0
3.3
.7
1.0
2.3
.7

1.0
-

6.2
6.7
5.5
7.3
8. 1
6.5
4.4
8.6
4.7

7.4
_
_
_
-

2.6
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.9
2.2
1.9
4. 1
2. 1

4.7
-

2.2
4.0
2.2
2.2
1.7
2.6
1. 3
3.7
1.3

1.2
, -

9.0
8.1
5.2
5.4
13.5
4.0
26.1
4.2
3.9
3.8
4.6
6.9
3.5
5.5
4.5
6.1
9.3

10.9
-

6.4
6.3
3.0
3.4
12.2
3.2
17. 1
3. 1
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.2
2.8
3.9
1.7
5.3
6.8

8.2
—
-

2.4
1.4
1.8
1.8
.7
.6
8.8
.9
.3
.2
.8
3.5
.6
1.4
2.6
. 7
2.2

2.5
—
—

6.0
6.6
3.7
4.4
11.8
3.4
11.8
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.0
4.7
3.9
4.4
3.8
4.8
8.3

8.3
-

3.3
5.0
1.9
2.3
10. 7
2.3
4.8
1.9
2.2
2.3
1.7
1. 7
1.9
2.4
.6
3.5
3.7

5.6
—

1.8
.7
1.0
1.2
. l
.5
6.1
.7
.5
.4
.7
2.2
1. 1
1.0
1.8
.4
3.4

1.7
—
-

_

1.8
.2

-

_

1. 2
.2

_

1.0
.2
.7
.9
6.9
1.0
.5
.5
1.5
.4
1.0
2.0
.8
1.0
.7

.8
—

1.8
1.9
1.2
1.0
.8
.8
2.4
1.7
1.7
1.9
.7
1.8
2. 1
.5
.3
.2

NONDURABLE GOODS

Weaving and finishing mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Circular knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Floor covering mills
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres and allied garments
Children's outerwear
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products

—

3.8
.6

-

5. 1
4.2
4.5
5.3
10.6
5. 1
5.8
5.3
6.0
4.0
4.1
5.5
4.6
6.8
3.5

5.8
-

5.9
4.5
6.2
5.7
5.4
7.0
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.2
3.8
6.6
7.1

7.0
-

2.9
1.6
1.4

3^2

—
—
-

.9
.3

-

3.8
3.3
3.5
4.2
3.5
3.9
5.2
4. 7
4.2
3.5
2.9
3. 1
3.6
5.4
2.6

4.6
-

3.9
1.7
4.8
4.4
4.5
6.0
3.1
3.7
3.9
3. 1
2.8
4.5
4.8

4.8
—

2.2
1.2
1. 1

2.6

-

-

—

2.3
1.0

_
-

.6
.3

-

-

5.5
4.2
4.4
7.3
12.1
5.2
5.3
5. 1
5.7
4. 1
5.9
6.7
4.9
7.0
4.5

6.5
-

3. 1
2. 7
3.0
3.3
3.0
3.2
3.9
4. 1
3.2
3.0
2.6
2.4
3. 1
4.5
2.0

4.4
-

1.3
.3
.5
2.8
8.2
1. 1
.6
.3
1.7
.5
1.0
2.5
.9
1.3
1.5

.9

1.9
-

7. 1
5.9
6.6
5.8
6.1
7.7
7.4
6.2
6.0
7.0
5.5
7.7
8.8

7.9
—
-

3.4
1.8
4.3
4.0
4.0
5.5
2.9
3.2
3.5
2.3
2.9
3.5
3.4

4.8
—
—

2.8
3.4
1.3
.9
1.2
1.4
3.5
2. 1
1.7
3. 7
1.8
3.0
4. 1

2. 1
-

_.4

2.7
1.3
1. 1

4.6

1.3
.6
.5

2.8

.6
.3
.2

-

1
See footnotes at end of table.




157

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
LABOR TURNOVER
D-2.

Labor turnover rates, by industry—Continued
Separation rates

Accession rates

Layoffs

1972
SIC
Code

Industry

July
1979

1979 P

July
1979

Aug.
1979]

PAPER A N D ALLIED PRODUCTS—Continued
263
264
265
2651
2653

1.6
3. 7
3.6
3.8
3. 1

Paperboard mills
Misc. converted paper products
Paperboard containers and boxes
Folding paperboard boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes

July
1979

Aug.
1979]

0.4
.6
.6
.5
.5

1. 1
3.0
2. 7
3.2
2.4

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

2.0
3.3
3.6
2.7
3.4

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

July
1979

Aug.
1979 P

0.6
.5
.9
.4
.5

0.7
1.9
1. 7
1.5
1. 7

27
271
272
273
274
275
2751
2752
278

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING
Newspapers . . :
Periodicals
Books
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, letterpress
Commercial printing, lithographic
Blankbooks and bookbinding

3.5
3.6
2.4
3.5
3.9
3.3
3.6
3.2
4.7

3.8

2.9
3.3
2.3
2.6
3.2
2.5
2.3
2.7
4. 1

3.2

.4
.1
. 1
.8
.6
.7
1.2
.4
.6

0.5

3.3
3.3
2.6
3.6
3.6
3. 1
3.6
2.8
5.2

4.6

2. 1
2. 7
1.9
1.7
2.4
1. 7
2.0
1.5
3. 1

3.3

.6
. 1
.3
1.4
.6
.8
1.0
.7
1. 1

.6

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2844
285
286
287
289

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

1.9
1.3
1.2
1. 1
1.6
.4
1.7
1.7
3.8
2.0
5.4
2.7
1.4
2.3
2. 1

1.9

1.5
1. 1
1.0
.9
1.4
.3
1.3
1.3
3.0
1. 1
4.2
2.5
1.2
1. 8
1. 6

1.6

.2
.1
. 1
. 1
.1

.2

1.6
1. 1
1. 1
1. 1
1.2
.8
1.4
1.4
2.4
1.2
2.8
2.3
1. 1
2.9
2.2

3.0

.8
.5
.5
.5
.6
.3
. 7
. 7
1.4
. 7
1.6
1.5
.5
.9
1. 1

1.9

.3
.2
.2
.2

.4

29
291
295

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials

2.6
2.0
5. 1

2.0

2.3
1.9
4.0

1.8

1.8
1.2
4. 7

3. 1

4.0
.8
4.5

4.4

5.5
2.8
9.6

7.5

30
301
302
303,4
306
307
31
311
314
3143
3144

RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS . . .
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose
and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic

5.2
1.4
5.8

5.4

n
.3
.3
.6
.8
.7
.4
.3
.1

. 1

0)

.7
.9

.7

4.2
5. 1
6. 1

1.8
3.0
5. 1

2.8
4.2
6.5

n

.1
.3
.3
.4
. 1
.6
.2
.2
1.3
.6
1.7

.4
.3
1.0

.6

4.4

1.3
1.4
3.2

1.7

.4
2.5
2.9
.6
4.5

1.6
1.4
1. 1

1.8
2. 2
3. 7

11. 3
7.9
12.4
8.9
15.4

10. 7

4.2
2.4
4.6
4.6
4.6

6.8

.7

4. 3

5.5

2.7

3.7

2.7

.5
.7
.2

3.2
4.6
1.4

5.4

1.5
.4
. 7

2.5

.9

.5

.5

1.5

2.4

.5

1.0

6.6

.9

1.0

6.5

7.7

4.4

5.8

7.7
6.8
7.8
7. 1
7. 1

11.4

4.6
3. 6
4.9
5. 1
4.3

6.7

2.6
3. 1
2.4
1.6
2.4

5.0

5.2

3. 7

4.2

4.4

5.9
4.7
6.4
3.2
9.3

2.6

.5
1.5
.1

1.7

NONMANUFACTURING:
MINING
10
101
102

METAL MINING
Iron ores

3.6
3.4
2.7

3.4

1.5

1.6

7.4

8.0

2.4
.9
2. 1

.5

Copper ores
BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING

13
131,2

14
142
144

5.6

4.2
4.0
5.5

.3
1.3

2.0
8.2

2.6
10.9
3.4

3.5
3. 1
4.8

3.1

.4
.6
.5

Telephone communication

Less than 0.05.

158



1.4

.3

2.8
2.. 7
3.6

1.0

1.3
p-preliminary.

1.0
7.0

1.6
10.. 1

COMMUNICATION:
481

.2

OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION
Crude petroleum, natural gas, and
natural gas liquids
Oil and gas field services
NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel

138

..

3.5

1.8
2.0
2.0

.5

.1
1.3
2.4

.4
.3
.8

.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER
D-3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1969 to date, seasonally adjusted
[Per 100 employees)

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

4.5
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.6

4.7
3.9
4.0
4.5
4.8
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.9

4.6
3.8
3.9
4.6
4.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.0
4.3

Nov.

Dec

Total accessions

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

4.9

...

4.4
3.8
4.3
5.0
4.7
3.0
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.3

4.8
4.4
3.7
4.3
5.2
4.6
3.1

4. 1
4.4
3.9
4.2

4.9

4.9

4.7

5.0

4.7

4.0
3.7
4.4

4.0
3.8
4.4
4.9
4.6
3.7
4.0
3.9

4. 1

4. 1

4. 1

3.8
4.4
4.8
4.5

3.8
4.3
4.7
4.3
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.0

3.8
4.3

5. 1
4. 5
3.2
4.2

4. 1
4.0
4.0

4. 1
3.9

3.6
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0

4.6
4.3
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.0
3.9

4. 1
4.0
3.8

3.9
4.0

3.8

P

4.5
3.7
4.0
4.7
5.0
3.3
3.8
3.8

4.6
3.8
4.2
4.9
4.7

3. 1
3.8
3.9

4. 1

4. 3

4.4

4.5

3.5
2.4
2.9
4.0
3.8

2.3
2.4
2.9
3.3

3.5
2.4
2.7
3.7
4.1
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.9
3.4

5.0
5.0

4.9
4.7

4.9
4.4

4. 1
4. 1

4. 1

4. 1

4. 3

4.4
4.8

4. 1

Maw h i * .

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

..

3.7
3.3
2.4
3.0
4.0
3.8
1.6
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.3

...

3.8
3.2
2.4

3. 1
4.2
3.7

1.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.3

3.9
2.9
2.4
3.2

4. 1
3.6
1.5
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.1

3.8
2.8
2.5
3.2
4.0
3.5
1.7
2.8
2.9

3. 1
3.0

3.7
2.7
2.5
3.3
4.0
3.5
1.8
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.0

3.7
2.8
2.6

3.9
2.8
2.5
3.2
3.8
3.3
1.9
2.7
2.8
3.0
3.0

"3.2
3.7
3.3
2.3
2.7
2.8
3.0
2.8

3.5
2.7
2.6
3.3
3.7
3.1
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.0

3.7
2.6
2.6
3.4
3.8
3.0
2.4
2.5
2.8

4.9
4.8
4.6
4.2
4.6

4.9
4.8
4.3
4.5

4.7

4.3
4.8

4.8
3.9

4.4
3. 9

4.8
3.8

5.2
3.8

4.0

2.7 P

3. 1

3.6
2.5
2.5

3.6
3.9
2.7

1.9
2.5
2.6
3.2
3.5

Total separations

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978

4.6
5.0
4.3
4.2

.

1979

4. 6
5. 1
5.2

4.7

4.9
4.9
4.0
4.2
4.8

5.0
5. 1

4.9
4. 6

3.6

3.6

3. 9
3. 7
4. 1

4. 1
3. 9

4.9
5.2

4. 1
4. 1

4.0

3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9

4.8
5.2
4.2
4.6

4.8
5.0
4.2
4.2
4.6

4.7
4.6

4.6
4.6

4. 1

3.9
3.7
4.0
3.9

3.8
3.8
4.0
4.0

5.0
4.8

4.8
4.5
4.2

4. 1
4. 5
4. 7
4.5
4.3

4. 5
4.9

4.5
4.0

4.9
3. 5
3. 7
3. 9

3.9
3.8
3.9

3.9

3.8
3.8
3.9

4. 0

4.4P

3.7

3.7
3.8
4.0

2. 7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.7
2.5
1.4
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9

2. 7
2.0
1.8
2.2
2. 7
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.8

2. 7
2.0
1.8
2.3
2.7
2.2
1.4
1.7
1.9
2. 1

2. 7
1.9
1.8
2. 3
2.9
2.0
1. 5
1.6
1.9
2.2

2. 7
1.8
1.9
2.5
2.9
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.2

2. 6
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.7
1.7
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.2

1.3
2.2
1.5
1.0
.8
1.8
1.5
1.4

1.3
2.0
1.4

1.4
1.7
1.3

1. 1
.9

1.0
.9

3.9
3.7
4.0

4.0

4. 1

4. 0
3.8

3. 9

frits
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

.
;

2. 7
2.4
1.8
2. 1
2.8
2.7
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2, 3

2. 7
2.5
1.7
2. 1
2.9
2.8
1.3
1.7
1.8
2.0
2.2

2.8

2.8

2.3
1.7
2.2
2.9
2.7
1.2
1.8
1.8
2.0
2. 1

2.3
1.7
2.2
2.8
2.6
1.2
1.8
1.8
2. 1
2. 1

2. 7
2. 1
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.6
1.3
1.7
1.9
2. 1
2.0

2. 7
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.8
2.5
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.0

\->

Layoffs

1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
p=preliminary.




1. 1

1. 1

1. 1

1.5
1.7
1.2

1.7

1. 5

1.8
1.5

1.2
.8

1. 1
.9

.9
1.4

1. 3

2. 9

3.0

1.2

1. 0
1. 5
1.0
.9

1.3
.9
.9

1.2
2.7
1.2

1. 1
1.0
.9

1.0
1.9
1.5
1.2
.8

1. 1
2.6

1. 3
1. 1
1.0
1. 1

1. 1

1. 1

L. 1

1.1

1.9
1.6
1.2
.9

1.9
1.5
1.4

L. 5

1.9

L.2
L.9

L. 5

2.0

L. 4

1. 1

L. 7
L. 0

.9
1. 1

L.2

.9
1.3

L. 4

1.0
1.4
1.6
1.3

L. 3

1.2

L. 1

.8
1.2

1.<L
1.6p

1. 1
2. 5
1. 3
1. 1
1.0
1.0

2.2

1. 3
1. 1
1.0
1. 1

L. 1
L. 7

L. 7

.4
.8

.9
1.0

2. 5
1.5
1.3

.9
1. 1
2. 5
1. 3
1.2

1.0
.9

NOTE: In accordance with usual practice, BLS has revised establishment survey data
to reflect a new benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Because of these
revisions, data beginning in 1974 may differ from data published earlier. See article in this
issue for additional information.

159

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas
[ Per 100 employees ]

State and area

ALABAMA:
Birmingham .
Mobile
...

Accession rates
New hires

Total

June July P June
1979 1979 1979

July June
1979P 1979

Separation rates
Quits

Total

Recalls

July . June
1979P 1979

Layoffs

Jul'
June
July June 1July,,
1979P 1979 1979 P 1979

July P
1979

3. 1
4.2

4.9

2.3
3.6

1.7
1.9

0. 5
.4

1.2
2.9

2.4
2. 5

2.8
4.2

1. 1
1.3

1. 1
1. 1

0.4
.4

1.0
2. 5

45. 1

30.0

39.3

29.0

4.4

.7

6.8

19.3

4.2

10. 1

1.2

7. 5

ARIZONA
Phoenix

6.4
6.5

5.5
5.6

5.6
5.9

4.9
5. 1

.6
.5

.4
.4

4.9
5.2

4.7
4.9

3.3
3.4

3. 1
3.2

ARKANSAS
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

6.6
6.3

5.6
4.6
3.9
2.6

5.2
4.3
3.8
2.4

.7
.9
.4
.4

1. 1
.3
.7
.4

7.2
5. 7
4. 5
3. 1

6.7
7.3
4.8
3.7

4. 5
3.3
2.6
2. 0

4. 5
4.7
3.0
2.2

1.6

4. 5
3. 1

6.7
5.6
4.7
2.9

1.0
.4
.2

1.0
.9
.5
.6

COLORADO
Denver-Boulder

6.4
5.7

5. 1
4.3

5.9
5.3

4.4
4.0

.3
.2

.5
.2

4.8
4.6

4. 1
3.9

3. 5
3.3

2.9
2.7

.2
.2

.3
.2

CONNECTICUT
Hartford . . .

3. 3
3.7

2.7
2.8

2.7
3.3

2.2
2.3

.3
.2

.3
.3

2.4
2. 1

2.4
2.2

1.4
.1.4

1.4
1.3

.2
.1

.3
.3

DELAWARE
Wilmington

2.8
2.4

2.4
2.2

1.8
1. 5

1.4
1.2

.3
.2

.5
.5

1.9
1.6

1.9
1.7

1.0
.6

.8
.7

.5
.5

.6
.6

FLORIDA
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Tampa—St. Petersburg
West Palm Beach—Boca Raton .

5.9
7.3
5. 5
6. 1
4.5
2.2
6.6
5.8

5.4
6.2
4.5
6.3
5.2
2.0
6.5
8.2

5.3
7.0
4.9
5.6
3.9
2. 1
6. 1
5.4

4.5
5.9
3.8
4.9
4.7
1.8
5.7
6.6

.4
.2
.5
.5
.4

5.9
5. 5
3.7
6.3
6.7
2.9
6.0
8.0

3.5
4.7
2. 5
3.9

3. 1
1.4
4.4
2.7

3.2
3.8
2. 3
3.4
2.4
1.0
3.9
4.6

2. 1
.7

.4
.3

. 7 6.8
. 1 6.4
. 6 11.6
1.4 5.8
5.0
.2
. 1 1.9
. 7 7.3
1. 5 5.4

1.4
.5
.8
1.7
3. 1
1.3

GEORGIA
Atlanta 2

4. 5
4.2

4.1
4.0

3.7
3.6

3.4
2.8

.4
.3

.5
.7

3.9
3.8

3.9
3.4

2.6
2.2

2.7
1.8

.4
.7

.4
.8

HAWAII 3

5.2

2.6

2.4

1.8

2.6

.7

3.9

3.3

1. 1

1.5

2.2

1.3

7.4

4.6

5.4

4.2

1.7

.2

5.3

4.3

3.0

2.6

1. 1

.7
.4

ALASKA

IDAHO

4

3.2

.4
.5

7.9
.8

1.0
.1
1.7
1. 5

ILLINOIS:
Chicago SMSA

4.3

3. 1

3.7

2.6

.3

.3

3.8

3. 3

2.0

1.8

.5

INDIANA 5
Indianapolis6 .

3.2
3.2

2.8
2.6

2.2
2.4

1. 7
1.9

.6
.4

.7
.2

3.6
3.2

3.9
2.9

1.3
1.4

1.3
1. 1

1.3
.7

1.8
.8

IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines .

4. 3
4;3
4.9

3. 5
2.2
3.1

3.4
3.1
3.1

2.4
1.4
2.1

.5
.9
.5

.7
.6

3. 1
2.2

(M

4. 7
2.6
5.5

4. 1

1.9
1.2
2.0

1.7
1.1
2.5

2. 1
.9
2.0

.7
.5
.1

KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita.

6.2
4.6
6. 5

5.3
3.9
5.4

5.6
4.6
5. 7

4.7
3. 1
4.7

5. 5
7.2
5. 5

7. 1
6.7
4. 5

3.9
3.5
3.9

3.4
2. 5
3. 5

.5
2. 1
.3

2.6
3. 7

.6

.4
.8
.4

KENTUCKY
Louisville

3.2
3. 1

3.5
2.3

2.2
1.8

2.4
1.4

.5
.4

.6
.4

3. 1
2.7

3.8
1.6

1.4
.9

1.7
.8

.8
.4

1. 1
.2

LOUISIANA
New Orleans

5.7

4.0

5. 1

3. 5

.4

.4

5.8

5.2

2.9

3.4

1. 5

.5

MAINE
Portland

7.5
5.8

5. 1
4. 1

5.2
5.2

4.0
3.5

2.0
.5

.9
.3

5.4
4.4

6.7
4. 1

3.2
2.7

2.6
2.6

1.3
.8

3.2
.6

MARYLAND .
Baltimore .

3.4
3.4

3.7
3.1

2.4
2.2

2.5
2. 1

1.0
1.0

1.0
.8

2.9
2.6

3.4
3.4

1.2
.9

1.3
1.0

.9
.9

1. 5
1.7

MASSACHUSETTS
Boston
,

4.4
4.2

(*)"
(*)

3.6
3.5

(*)
(*)

.5
.4

(*)
(*)

3.9
3.4

2.0
1.7

(*)
(*)

1. 1
.9

(*)
(*)

MICHIGAN
Detroit .
Flint
Grand Rapids
Lansing-East Lansing

2.8
2.5
1.9

2.5
2.0
1.3
3. 1
.6

2.0
1.8
1.6
3.4
2.7

1.4
1. 1
1. 1
2.5
.5

.5
.4
(')
.5
.4

1.0
.9
.5
1. 5
.9

1.0
.9
.4
1.4
.1

1.0
.8
.9

4.5
6.5
1.9
1.6
.8

See footnotes at end of table.

160



4.1
4.1

.7
.5

(V
.3

2.7
2.5
2.2
3.4
2.2

6.6
8.2
3.2
4. 1
1. 1

1. 1
.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4.

Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued

f[ n~,
n n „.—-.i
- . l]
Per i100
employees

Accession rates
New hires

State and area

July
121

1Q7C

Jun

121

Separation rates
Recalls

July

June

121

12.

Quits

July Jun<
1Q79T 1321

luly"
131

Layoffs

June TuTy"
JL2
If

MINNESOTA
Minneapolis-St. Paul

6.0
5.

MISSISSIPPI:
Jackson

4.8

6.

4. 3

3.

4.0

5.

2.9

3.8

MISSOURI . . .
Kansas City
St. Louis

3.9
4. 0
3.3

3.
3.
2.

3.2
3. 5
2.6

2.
3.
1.8

3.3
3.5
2. 5

3.2
6.

2.0
2.0
1. 2

1.
2.0

MONTANA

.

5.0

3.

3.9

2.6

1.8

NEBRASKA .

4.6

3.

4.2

3.

4.2

10.7

8.

10.2

7. 5

8. 5

NEVADA .
NEW HAMPSHIRE

6.4

5.2
4.8

6.2

5.6

0. 5
.2

0.4
.2

3. 1

4.2
3.6

2.6
2.2

2.
2.

5. 1
4. 5
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.7
4.4

3.8
4.8
4.5
3.
4.7
6.0
3.8

3.8
3.6
2.7
3. 1
3.2
4. 1
3.6

2.0
3.3
2.0
2.2
2.
2. 5
1.8

NEW YORK
Albany-Schenectady-Troy . . .
Binghamton
Buffalo
Elmira
Monroe County 8
Nassau-Suffolk *
New York and Nassau-Suffolk .
New York SMSA'
New York City 10
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County 10

4. 5
3.6
3.3
3. 1
4. 1
4. 5
5.3
5.0
4.9
5.2
4.7
3.9
3.6
3. 1

4. 5
3.0
2.5
2.8
2.8
2. 1
5. 1
5.3
5.4
5.8
3.4
2.8
2.9
3.0

3.2
2.3
2.7
1.9
2.9
4. 1
4.2
3.4
3.2
3.3
4.0
2. 3
2.7
2.4

2.6
1.7
2.0
2. 1
2.3
1.6
3.6
3.0
2.8
3.0
2.2
1.7
1.8
2.0

1.4
1.6
1.7
.5
1. 3
.6
.4

NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte-Gastonia
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point

4.8
5.3
4.8

4.4
5.6
3.9

4.2
4.8
4. 0

3.7
5.0
3.3

NORTH DAKOTA .
Fargo- Moorhead

.3
7.3

5.4
5.9

6.8
4. 1

.7
3.8
.7
.2

.3
2. 7

.3

.7

4.2

5. 1
3. 5

1.2

3. 5

7.8

NEW JERSEY:
Camden 7
Hackensack
Jersey City
Newark
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville
Paterson—Clifton—Passaic
Trenton

.5
.5
.5

1.
6.2

6.3

0. 5
.2

.1

3. 1
7.3

1. 3

0.8
.6

1.
1.3

3.
4.

June

1. 5
1.4
2.0
.9
1.7
1.9
1.6

4.0
3.7
3.0
4. 3
3.0
6.9
4.2

4.
7.3
3. 7
5.2
5.0
8. 3
6.3

1. 1
1.9
1. 1
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.6

1. 1
2.2
1.2
1.2
1. 5
1.
1.4

1. 5
.6
1.3
2.2
.4
2.3
1. 7

2.6
4. 3
1. 7
2.9
2.4
5.8
3.9

1. 7
.8
.5
.6
.3
.3
1.4
2.2
2.4
2.7
1.0

5.2
3. 1
5.0
3.8
3. 5
2.7
5. 1
6.6
7.0
7.8
3.0
3.0
5.0
2. 5

1.4
1. 1
1. 5
.8
1.2
.9
2.3
1. 5
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3

1.3
1.0
1. 3
.7
.7
.8
2.3
1.6
1. 4
1.4

1.0
.8

3.8
3. 1
2.9
2.7
2.8
1.9
4.6
4.2
4. 1
4.4
2. 1
2.4
2.2
2.7

1.0
1.2
1. 2

1.6
1. 1
.2
1.2
.6
.5
1.4
1.9
2.0
2.2
.5
.8
.6
.7

3.0
1.0
2.6
2.3
1.4
1.3
1.8
4. 0
4.6
5.3
1. 5
1.3
3. 3
.6

.3
.3
.2

.3
.3
.2

4.3
5.0
3.7

4.2
5.3
3.4

3.0
3.7
2.6

3.0
4.3
2.5

.3
.3
.3

.3
.1
.2

4.2
4.7

1.2
2.3

.8

.9

7. 1
3.9

5.9
3.2

5.3
2. 7

4. 1
1.7

1.3
.1

.6
.4

(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)

2.7
2.3
2. 5

1. 1

2.7
3. 1
2. 5
3. 0
2.9
2. 1

3.4
3. 7
2.2
3.0
3.9
2.3
3.7
3.3
1.9

1.0
.9
.8
1.0
1. 1
1.0
1. 1
.7
.5

.8
.7
.3
.6
.8
.5
.9
.2
.5

1.6
1.9
.3
1.0
1.6
.6
1.4
1.4
.5

OHIO
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren .

3.5
2.7
4.4

2. 5
2.0
2.4

3.4
3. 5
2.8
3. 1
2.9
3.2

2.9
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.2

4
7
0
4
1
1.7

1. 5
1.5
1.6
2. 0
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.0

OKLAHOMA . . .
Oklahoma City
Tulsa 11

6.6
7.2
>. 6

6.4
7.0
5.4

6.0
6.2
5.2

OREGON 5 .
Portland 5

6.3
6.4

4. 5
4.9

PENNSYLVANIA
Allentown- Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown .
Lancaster . .

3.6
3. 1
2.6
7
2
2.4
4.6

3.2
3.4
1.5
2.5
5.3
2.8
3.0

1. 1
.9
.4
.9
.9
.2
.9

.9

(*)
(*)
(*)

(

.9
.9

1.0
1.3
1.4

1. 1
.8
.6

.9

\ /
(*)
(*)

I!

5.8
6.4
4.9

.4
.9
.2

.4
.5
.4

6.3
6.8
6.0

5.9
5.8
5.4

4.6
4.9
4. 0

4.4
4.4
3.6

.5
.4
,5

.4
.3
.4

5. 1
5. 1

3.6
3.9

.9
.8

.7

3.9
4.6

3.9
4. 1

2.4
2.6

2.4
2. 5

.6
9

.6
.6

6
2
3
3
6
0
4. 1

1.8
1.7
1.0
1. 5
3.3
1.2
2. 3

.7
.7
.2
.9
.3
.3
.3

1.2
1. 5
.4
.7
1.7
1. 5
.6

2.8
2. 5
1.2
2.2
2.4
2.5
3.4

3.3
3.2
1.4
3.0
2.5
2.8
3.2

.2
.. 1
.8
.0
.4
.7
.1

1. 1
.8
.7
1.2
1.4
.8
1.9

.0
.8
.1
.4
.2
.7
.7

1.5
1.9
.2
.9
.6
.9
.7

See footnotes at end of table.




161

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER
D-4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas—Continued
[ Per 100 employees ]
Accession rates
State and area

PENNSYLVANIA—Continued
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia SMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton lz
Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton12
Williamsport

Total

June
1979

July_ June
1979 P 1979

July _ June
1979 P 1979

Separation rates
Quits

Total

Recalls

July _P June
1979 1979

July_ June
1979 P 1979

July

Layoffs

June
1979

July_P
197Q

1.9

1.2

4. 0
1. 1
1. 1
2.7
3. 3
4. 0
2.8
1.4

2.3
2.7
2. 1
2. 5
1.9
1.9
1.4
3.2

1.4
2. 1
1.6
2.0
1.2
1.3
.5
2.4

1.4
.7
.4
.8
1.8
1.0
.6
.7

2.8
.8
.7
2. 1
3. 6
2. 0
.8
1.6

3. 6
3. 1
2.0
3. 1
4. 3
2.4
1.9
3.7

5.7
3. 0
2. 6
4.7
4. 4
5.8
3.8
3.7

1. 3
1. 2
.6
1. 5
1.2
1.2
.6
2.0

1. 1
1. 1
.6
1. 4
.7
1. 1
.7
1.6

8.0
8.2

4.8
4.8

3.2
3. 3

.6
.6

4. 5
4.8

5. 5
5. 3

8. 5
8.5

3.2
3. 1

2.6
2.6

1. 3
1. 1

5. 2
5.2

4. 4
3. 3
4.6
4.9

4. 7
4.4
3.6
4. 4

3.8
3.0
4. 0
4.3

3.4
3.93. 1
3.7

4. 1
5.2
4.0
4.8

4.7
9.4
3. 3
4.6

2.6
2.7
2.7
3.0

2. 7
1.9
2. 3
3. 1

.5
1. 3
.3
.5

1. 0
6.2
.2
.5

SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls . . .

6.3
4. 3

5.3
5. 2

5.2
4.0

4.6
5. 1

4. 6
3. 1

3.8
3.9

3.4
2. 5

2.9
3.0

.3
.2

.3
.3

TENNESSEE:
Memphis . .

3. 1

2.8

2.6

2.2

3. 0

3. 1

1.6

1.4

. 5

.7

TEXAS:
Dal las-Fort Worth
Houstoti
San Antonio

6.4
4.9
6. 3

6.0
4. 4
5.2

6.0
4.8
5.8

5.6
4. 1
4.9

.2
.2
. 2

5. 7
4. 5
5. 7

5. 5
4. 1
4.8

4.2
3.2
3.9

4. 1
2.9
3.7

.3
.2
.1

UTAH
Salt Lake City- Ogden 4

6. 3
5.9

5.2
4.8

5.4
5. 5

4.7
4. 5

.2
.1

5. 6
5. 0

4.9
4. 3

3.8
3. 7

3. 3
3. 1

.4
.2

VERMONT . .
Burlington .
Springfield

5. 1
4.3
3.7

4.8
2.7
2.6

4.2
4. 0
3. 1

2.7
2. 5
2.0

1.8
.5

3. 7
2.4
Z. 4

4. 3
2.4
2.4

2.2
1. 1
1.6

1.8
1. 1
1. 0

1.8
.8
.9

VIRGINIA .
Richmond

4. 0
2.4

3.4
1.6

3. 0
1.8

2.6
1.2

.6
.4

3. 3
1.8

3. 0
1.6

1.8

1.8
.8

WASHINGTON:
Seattle-Everett

(*)

(*)

(*)

(*)

(*)

(*)

(*)

(*)

(*)

WISCONSIN
Milwaukee .

4. 5
3.6

5.0
3. 9

3. 5
2. 7

3.2
1.9

.6
.3

1.4
1. 5

2.9
2.8

3. 7
4. 3

1.4
1. 2

1. 5
1.3

.6
.5

1. 3
1. 6

10.6

7. 0

9.8

6.4

.8

.5

8.1

8.2

5.9

6. 1

.7

.1

RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket.

SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville—Spartanburg . . . .

WYOMING

3.9
3.7
2.8
3.4
3.8
3.2
2. 3
4. 1

4. 5
3. 1
2.6
4. 1
5.0
3.9
1.4
4. 1

5.8
5.7

Less than 0.05.
Excludes agricultural chemicals, and miscellaneous manufacturing.
Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies.
Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar.
Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers.
Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Area included in New York and Nassau-Suffolk combined SMSA's.
Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.

162



. 3

0

(*)

1

1. 0
.7
1. 0
2. 7
• 9
.9

. 4
. 2

(*)

° Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment.
* Excludes canning and preserving.
. Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
13
Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing.
preliminary.
* Not available.

1

13

SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

(*)

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor fore*
tabor forot

AUG.
1976

ALABAMA
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery
Tuscaloosa

1*618.5
376.2
136.5
180.9
117*1
51. 4

JUL.
1979

1*659.7
385.1
Ul.9
186.3
122.3
51.0

AUG.
1979P

1*636.1
381.5
139.4
181.9
121.4
51.2

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

100.6
19.6
9.9
12.5
6,9
3,5

133.5
24.1
11.0
17.0
7.6
3.1

115.7
22.5
10.1
15.9
6.9
3.0

6.2
5,2
7.3
6.9
5.9
6.7

.0
•3
,7
•1
,3
•2

7.1
5.9
7.3
8.7
5.7
5.9

AUG*
1979P

ALASKA

192,6

195.0

194.8

18.2

15.0

13.2

9.5

7*7

6.8

ARIZONA
Phoenix
Tucson

972.4
588.7
175*3

1*030.9
624.2
183.4

1*017.6
616.8
181,6

57.3
29.9
9.4

54.4
27.6
7.6

49.1
25.0
6.7

5.9
5.1
5.4

5,3
4*4
4,2

4.8
4.0
3.7

ARKANSAS
Fayetteville-Springdale
Fort Smith'
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

939.5
71.2
82.9
177.3
37.0

1*004.5
"76.8
66.2
192.1
38.7

1*002.3
77.0
84.8
192.4
38.6

52.1
2.9
5.2
7.8
2.4

58.1
3,1
6,0
7,6
2.2

60.8
3.1
6.6
8.5
2.3

5.5
4,1
6.3
4,4
6.4

5*8
4,0
6,9
3*9
5.7

6.1
4.0
7.8
4.4
6.0

10t761.7
1*019.2
178.3
268.8
3*438.0
136.5
219.4
552.4
449.9
129,7
700.4
1*591.6
676.9
140*1
121*5
165.1
121*9

11*076.2
1*?74.5
185.7
269.2
3*525.0
139.1
219.6
575.6
470.6
132.3
729.2
1*630.1
705.8
142.0
124.5
162.3
125.2

11*119.3
1*084.8
183,5
284,3
3*478,0
143.7
219.5
573,7
478,9
132,5
735.5
1*642.6
716.1
141.7
127.2
171.1
125.8

749.6
62.1
15.2
20.6
193.0
11.2
24.7
48.5
36.4
9.7
49.4
113.0
40.1
11,0
9,2
14.4
8.1

690.7
43.9
13,3
16.9
223.0
16.0
16.2
39.2
32.7
7.6
43.2
86.3
35.7
6.4
7.7
14,4
7.8

705.5
48.6
14.1
19.4
210.0
11.3
18.2
43.9
33.5
8.9
44.9
98.6
35,0
9.6
8.2
14.0
8,4

7,0
6,1
8.5
7.7
5.6
8.2
11,3
8,8
8,1
7,5
7.1
7.1
5.9
7.9
7.6
8,7
6.7

6.2
4.1
7.1
6.3
6.3
11.5
7.4
6*8
7.0
5.6
5.9
5,3
5.1
5.9
6.2
8.9
6.2

6.3
4.5
7.7
6.8
6.0
7.9
8.3
7.7
7.0
6.7
6,1
6,0
4.9
6.8
6.4
8.2
6.6

COLORADO
Denver-Boulder

1*306*4
759.0

1*386.2
806.9

1*386.6
811.0

65.7
36.9

66,3
36,4

60,5
33,1

5.0
4.9

4.8
4.5

4.4
4.1

CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport
Hartford
New Britain
New Haven-West Haven
Stamford
Waterbury

1*525.4
184.7
367.5
70.8
196.9
119.0
108.8

1*608.6
192.7
384.2
74.1
210.8
124.8
113.2

1*581.9
191.5
380.1
72.3
205.9
122,7
110,8

79.1
9.8
18.0
4,4
9,7
4.6
6,4

86.8
11.0
17.2
4.0
U.l
5.4
7.9

75.8
9.4
16.6
3.4
10,7
4,4
5,7

5.2
5,3
4,9
6.2
4.9
3.8
5.9

5.4
5.7
4.5
5.4
5.3
4.3
7.0

4.8
4.9
4.4
4.7
5.2
3.6
5.1

280.2
239.6

277.4
241.9

276,1
239,6

25,5
22,3

22.1
18.6

22,5
19,3

9.1
9.3

7.9
7.7

8.2
8.1

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington SMSA'

337.2
1*588.2

327.3
1*621.8

321.7
1*605,5

28.5
75.4

27.4
77,4

23.8
73,4

8.5
4.7

8.4
4.8

7.4
4.6

FLORIDA 2
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood
Jacksonville
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
T3fnp3—St. PctcrsburQ
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

3*682.2
3^3.8
302.2
696*7
296.7
112.4
558*8
200.2

3*893.0
395.5
313.6
725.9
317.3
116.2
589.7
220.7

3*833,6
390,7
313,5
718.0
308.9
114.8
579.4
217,7

242.6
22.5
16.6
45.9
19.2
5.6
32.8
15.6

256,1
21.9
18.6
44.5
21,3
7,0
33,3
17.7

232,8
19,8
18,1
39.8
18.3
6.1
30.6
14.9

6.6
6.0
5.5
6.6
6.5
5.0
5.9
7.8

6,6
5.5
5.9
6.1
6.7
6.0
5.7
8.0

6.1
5.1
5.8
5.5
5.9
5.3
5.3
6.9

GEORGIA
Albany
Atlanta
Augusta
Columbus'
Macon
Savannah

2*353.3
48.6
914.1
126.6
86.1
102*6
92.0

2*360.9
51.5
915.9
128.2
'89.4
102.3
90.5

2*366,1
50,9
910,6
127.4
89.1
101.4
91.0

146.8
3.6
59.5
7.9
6.1
6.5
5.7

132.4
3.3
44.5
7.6
6.3
6,3
5.5

127,8
3.1
49.4
7.1
5.9
5.8
5.1

6.2
7.3
6.5
6.3
7.0
6.3
6.2

5,6
6.5
4.9
5.9
7.1
6.2
6,0

5.4
6.1
5.4
5.6
6.6
5.7
5.6

CALIFORNIA 2
Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach3
Modesto
Oxnard-Simi Valley-Ventura . . . .
Riverside—San Bernardino—Ontario
Sacramento
SaUnas-Seaside-Monterey
San Diego
San Francisco—Oakland
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton
Valteto-Fajrfield-Napa

DELAWARE
Wilmington 1

See footnotes at end of table.




163

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor f o r e and unemployment by State and selected m.tropolitan areas—Continued
Unemploymen t
Labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number
Stot. and area

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

AUG.
1978

JUL,
1979

AUG.
1979P

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

404.3
316.9

404.3
317.0

403.0
315.7

31.6
24.0

25.1
19.1

23.8
18.3

7.8
7.6

6.2
6.0

5.9
5.8

425.2
89.0

425,9
89,0

425.3
88.6

23.5
2.7

21.4
3.6

22.3
3.4

5.5
3.1

5.0
4*1

5.2
3.8

5*418.0
58.0
75.8
3*467.8
180.3
60.1
176.9
138.1
103.0

5*479,6
58,5
80,0
3,513.5
187.7
60.2
180.1

324.7
2.0
3.7
203.5
9.1
5.3
8.2

277.7
1.9
3.3
169.8
7.4
3.5
7.7

251.6
1.5
2.9
152.8
6.5
3.4
6.8

6.0
3.4
4.9
5.9
5.0
8.8
4.6

5.1
3.2
4.1
4.8
3*9
5.9
4.3

4.6
2.7
3.7
4.4
3.5
5.6
3.8

97.8

5*414.8
58.0
77.6
3*481.5
184.4
59.4
177.7
139.4
101.0

7.0
6.1

6.8
5.1

6.3
4.6

5.1
6.0

4.8
5.2

4.5
4.5

2*602.1
60.0
143.5
187.1
293.3
585.1
59.0
56.0
140.4
81.1

2*653.3
60.5
143.2
195.9
292.7
599.1
61.4
56.6
144.5
82.2

2*617.3
59.9
141.4
192.9
290.2
590.4
59.7
55.7
141.0
80.9

136.0

171.4

172.7

3.5
8.1
8.2

5.2
8.1

5.7
7.8

16.1
28.9
2.1
4.2
7.6
4.1

12.0
18.1
32.8
3.2
4.1
9.7
4.9

11.3
19,3
36.0
2.8
4,4
8.7
4.7

5.2
5.9
5.6
4.4
5.5
4.9

6.5
8.6
5.6
6.1
6.2
5.5

3.5
7.5
5.4
5.1

6.6
9.5
5.5
5.9
6.6
6.1

5.1
7.3
6*7
6.0

4.7
7.9
6.2
5.8

1*427.6
84.0
178.8
43.9
56.2
64.8

1*472,3
86,9
182,4
46.1
56.7
69.5

1*426.0
85.7
178.9
45.2
55.2
68.0

52.3

51.1

46.4

3.7

3.5

3.3

2.4

2.7

2.5

2.8

3.1

2.9

7.4
2.2

6.7
2.1

6.2
2.1

4.1
5.1

3.7
4.6

3.5
4.7

3.5
2.9

3.5
2.7

3.3

6.3

2.7

4.5:

6.2
3.9

5.9
3.9

KANSAS
Topeka
Wichita

1*169.4
96.2
218.8

1*209.8
98.3
231.8

1*191.2
96.9
229.6

34.0
3.3
6.7

47.1
4.8
9.0

4.4
8.2

3.4
3.1

4.9
3.9

4.5
3.6

KENTUCKY
Lexington—Fayette
Louisville !
Owensboro

1*593.0
162.9
421.1
38.3

1*556,1
162.1
418.5
37.9

1*583.7
164,6
426.8
38.6

84.7
5.6
23.7
2.0

87,6
6,4
22.0
2.1

89.0
5.7
29.1
2.1

5.3
3.4
5.6
5.3

5«6
4.0
5.3
5.5

5.6
3.4
6.8
5.5

LOUISIANA
Alexandria
Baton Rouge . .
Lafayette
Lake Charles .
Monroe
New Orleans

1*639.6
67.3
202.1
65.3
66.8
52.9
464.5
150.6

1*673.0
68.8
201.5
69.5
67.2
53.6
469.9
155,0

1*663.2
67.8
201.3
69.3
66.2
53.4
465.3
153.7

115.8
5.7
13.3
2.9
5.4
4.1
33.1
10.0

113.4
5.8
13.6
3.1
4.7
3.7
31,1
9.3

107.5
5.4
13.1
3.2
4.4
3.8
29.4
8.8

7.1
8.4
6.6
4.5
8.1
7.7
7.1
6.6

6.8
8.5
6.7
4.5
7.0
6.9
6.6
6.0

6.5
8.0
6.5
4.6
6.7
7.0
6.3
5.7

496.6
36.0
85.6

504,4
37.7
84.9

499.5
36.9
83.7

26.6
1.7
3.7

43.4
4.8
5,1

29.8
2.1
3.9

5.4
4.6
4.3

8.6
12.6
6.1

6.0
5.7
4.7

MARYLAND
Baltimore

2*070.1
1*047.7

2*142.8
1*074,5

2*122.2
1*063.9

110.6
63.1

125,6
69,1

130.4
78.0

5.3
6.0

5.9
6.4

6.1
7.3

MASSACHUSETTS3
Boston
Brockton
; .
Fall River 1
Lawrence-Haverhill'
Lowell
New Bedford
Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke
Worcester

2*898.3
1*391,4
81.8
82.8
142.3

2*948.3
1*402.6
80,8
81,3
141,8

194.7
93,0

146,2
66,5

137.6
64.5

5.8
5.3

4.6

5,1

8.7
7.3

6.4
7.3
7.6
8.7

5.0
4.7
5.7
6.3
6.5
5.1
6.7

4.7
4.6
5.3
4.9
5.6
4.9
5.6

16.7
10.8

9,2
6,3
5,9

4.4
4.0
7.8
6.1
4.8

6.7
6.7
7.1

11,6

8,7

11.7
8.4

6.0
5.5

4.0
4.2

4.0
4.1

338,1
8,2

338,7
7,7

325.0
8.5

8.0
6.2

7.7
5.4

7.5
6.0

HAMA>
HonohiHi
IDAHO
BooeCrty

,

ILLINOIS 2 .
Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul
Chicago
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline !
Decatur
Peoria
.
Rockford
Springfield

..

.

INDIANA
Anderson
Evansville 1
F o r t Wayne
Gary—Hammond—East Chicago
Indianapolis
Lafayette-West Lafayette
Muncie
S o u t h Bend
Terre Haute
IOWA
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux C i t y '
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

.

.

. . . .

..

. . .

MAINE
Lewiston—Auburn
Portland

MICHIGAN 2
Ann Arbor
See footnotes at end of table.

164




...

.

.

. . . .

.

141.0

2?6.8
197.1

290.1
204.8

2*936.0
1*392,1
81.7
81.0
141.1
123.7
86.8
291.4
205.4

4*211.0
131.0

4*403.6
143.0

4*319.1
142.0

114.9
84,0

122.5
87.7

10.5

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unftmploynrwnt
Labor force

AUG.
1978
MICHIGAN—Continued
Battle Creek
Bay City
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Portage
Lansing—East Lansing
Muskegon-Norton Shores-Muskegon Heights . . .
Saginaw

82.5
54.0
2.008.9
223.1

287.9
65.5
129.6
223.2
77.5
IO4.O

JUL.
1979

83.7
53.7
2*086.2
235.
304.
70.
132.
241.
79.
106.

Percent of
labor force

AUG.
1979P

82.9
53,6
2*053,3
227.0
301.3
70.1
131,2
232,4
78.4
105.9

AUG.
1978

5.6
3.5
164,3
25,3
14.9

3.6
8.0
23.8
6.4
6.4

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

5,0
3.4
164,9
24,3

4.7
3.8
161.0

6.8
6.5
8.2

17.0

13.8
4.5

6.0
6.3
7.9
10.3
5.6
6.9
5.5
7.8
8.5
6.4

5.7
7.1
7.8
12.5
4.6
6.5
4.7
9.6
6.9
8.0

28.4

18.9

6.7
6.8

6.2
22.3
5.4
8.5

11.3
5.2
5.5
6.1
10.7
8.3
6.1

69.6
6.0
32.7

3.2
4.4
3.0

3.6
5.4
3.1

3.4
5.0
3.1

4.9
7.2

2.039,8

2.099.3

2*065.4

119.9
1.057.8

120.5
1.083.7

118.9
1*073.4

31.8

74.8
6.6
33.2

983*5
144.2

1*003.7
148.9

985.1
146.6

74.1
7.7

57.7
5.4

52.8
5.0

7.5
5.3

5.7
3.6

5.4
3.4

2.271.2

2*343.6
700.8

108.7

32.6
2.0
55.8
3.6

30.9

44.1
1*112.8
102.9

116.2
30.9
2.1
71.1
4.1

101.1

1*094.6
100.7

2*355.2
708.1
44.7
1*120.0
103.1

5.1
4.5
4.8
6.5
4.1

4.3
4.6
4.5
5.0
3.5

4.6
4.4
4.7
5.7
3.8

MONTANA
Billings
Great Falls

393.6
55.0
37.0

398.9
54.8
36.0

396.8
55.1
36.0

20.2
2.3
2.3

17.1
1.7
2.1

16.7
1.7
2.0

5.1
4.1
6.2

4.3
3.2
5.8

NEBRASKA
Lincoln
Omaha1

788.6
109.6
279.8

799.8
107.6
275.5

783.9
108.1
272.2

19.1
2.4
9.8

23.6

22.5
2.8
11.4

2.4
2.2
3.5

3.0
2.9
4.1

4.2
3.2
5.7
2.9
2.6
4.2

NEVADA
Las Vegas
Reno

342.6
181.6
101.3

353.6
187.8
104,2

354.1
188.2
104.1

13.0
8.3
1.9

19.0
11.9

3.6

17.2
10.6
3.3

3.8
4.6
1.8

5.4
6.3
3.4

4.9
5.6
3.2

NEW HAMPSHIRE
Manchester
Nashua

439.0
79.5
58.0

465.0
85.0
62.0

462.9
84.2
61.6

13.0
2.7
1.6

17.3
3.7
2.3

12.1
2.1
1.5

3.0
3.4
2.8

3.7
4.4
3.7

2.6
2.5
2.4

3.494.6

3*595.6
104.6
250.6
232.6
968.7
327.4
219.3
160.9
62.8

235.8
6.8
26.2

286.9
9.8
28.5

259.0
8.5

63.3

3.610,2
104.7
254,6
234,8
981,1
326,8
220,1
164.4
62.7

7.9
9.4
11.2
7.8
8.4
7.0
9.5
7.6
9.6

7.2
8.1
9.6
7.1
7.3
6.9
9.8
6.3
8.6

535.7
197.5

541.9
198.9

540.8
198.5

.97 4 .3
377.5

8*214.1
146,2

8*122.9
381.8
144,3

41.8
1*324,6

41.6
1*307.5

MINNESOTA
Duluth-Superior 1
Minneapolis-St. Paul
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson
MISSOURI
Kansas C i t y '
St. Joseph
St. Louis'
Springfield

690.2
44.4

NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Jersey City
Long Branch-Asbury Park
Newark
New Brunswick-Perth Amboy-Sayreville
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

95.2

257.9
231.7

966.5
318.8
215.7
157.1

NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque
NEW YORK 2
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton'
Buffalo
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City 2
Poughkeepsie
,
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
NORTH CAROLINA
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia

,

139.4
581.0
40.5
• 27?.
#637.
• 034.
103.
461.
301.
138.8

2.722.2
84.3
323.9

382,4

593,5
3*734,8
3,118.0
110.0

589,8

3*676.7
3*066.0
108.5

486.0
307,8

483.6
306.4

144.2

142.8

2*781.4

86,0

2*745.5
84,6

331.8

329.1

66.2
5.2

3.1
11.3

2.1

63.4
3.9

21.0
12.6

6.0

21.4
10.2
5.4

6.7
7.2
10.1
6.7
6.6
6.6
7.9
5.1
8.3

29.2
11.0

33.5
12.1

32.7
11.8

5.4
5.6

6.2
6.1

6.1
6.0

580.2

610.5
19.5

594.9
20.0
8.3
47.7
2.8

318.0

4.6
24.2

282.0
4.3
27.4

16.9

18.3

8.2

7.3
5.6
5.8
8.1
6.7
7.0
8.0
8.4
5.0
5.2
6.6
6.2

7.4
5.1
6.0
6.6
5.7
6.0
9.3
10.2
4.2
5.0
5.5
5.7

7.3
5.2
5.7
8.1
6,6
6.3
8.5
9.2
3.9
5.7
6.0
5.8

155.0
4.2
15.7

128,2
3.5
13.3

3.6
3.5
2.8

5.6
4.9
4.7

4.7
4.1
4.1

15.6

18,2

63.3

82.2
22.8

21.0
17.1

8.0
5.3

21.1
8.1
47.1
2.7

89,4
291.6
254,0
5,2
24,0
20,0
8.6
99.1
2.9
9.1

8.8
39.2
2.4
79.0
347.2

8,3

24.1

16.6
70.6
22.5

81.8
312.8

See footnotes at end of table.




165

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas —Continued
j Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force
Number

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1976

labor force

AUG.
1979P

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

NORTH CAROLINA—Continued
Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point
Raleigh-Durham

407.1
266.2

419.0
277.8

413,6
274.9

13.3

21.3
11.7

17.6

7.0

9.3

3.3
2.6

5.1
4.2

4.3
3.4

NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo-Moorehead l

321.1
72.0

335.8
73.2

331.9
71.9

11.9

10.1
2.5

8.3
2.3

3.7
4.0

3.0
3.5

2.5

2.9

5*031.6
301.5
162.0
660.9
942.1
535.9
380.9
364.8
238.2

5*106.6
305.2
186.5
671.9
944.7
546.3
393.1
372.7
239.9

5*154.7
306.7
186.9
680.5
947.9
549.9
395.0
372.8
248.8

262.4
16.7

354.3
21.1
10.7
43.1
52.4
27.9
32.8
27.7
26,3

5.2
5.5
5.1
5.2
4.5
4.7
4.6
6.2
7.1

6.6

34.2
42.4
25.2
17.4
22.6
17.0

337.8
21.7
11.9
39.6
53,2
30.2
30.9
28.4
17.8

6.9
6.9
5.7
6.3
5.5
5.1
8.3
7.4

OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1*264.6
383.1
305.0

1*305.5
403.6
308.4

1*288.2
401.5
304,1

45.1
12.4
10.1

46,3
12.8
10.9

42.2
12.1
9.3

OREGON
Eugene—Springfield
Portland'
Salem

1*206.0
124.0
575.0

1*224,1
126,5
585.3

63.0

119.0

1*217.2
125.8
585.4
115.0

120.1

5.3

80.2
10.0
32,4
7.5

76.8
10.1
31.5
6.2

PENNSYLVANIA 2
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 1
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg
Johnstown
Lancaster
Northeast Pennsylvania
Philadelphia1
Pittsburgh
Reading
Williamsport
York

5*300.0
297.0
56.9
122.8
217.7
108.1
173.3
280.8
2*083.6
1*000.0
145.9
53.6
166.8

5*397.9
305.2
58.9
128.4
221.6
110.8
178.2
290.7
2*126,3
1*030.2
154.9
55.4
172.9

5*3*9,9
299.0
58.0
125.7
218.6

346.2
16.3

340.3
20.3

3.9
7.6

4.3
7.6

175.6
282.3
2*179.1
1*003.2
151.0
54.7
167.8

7!l
20.9
154.8
56,1

439.5
442.8

460.0
458.1

460.5
N.A.

30.0
31*0

1*313.6
168.0
258.4

1*344.0
158.0
174.0
260.8

1*336.0
157.0
173.8
261.8

73.5

151.5

348.2
60.9

352, i
61.2

346,5
59,8

10 1

TENNESSEE
Chattanoogal
Knoxville
Memphis'
Nashville-Davidson

1*930.9
185.9
203.7
375.0
394.0

2*018.1
191.3
210.9
388.1
410.8

2*004,0
191.0
208.5
386.3
409.3

TEXAS 2
Amarillo
Austin
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange
Corpus Christi
Dallas-Fort Worth
El Paso
Galveston—Texas City
Houston
Lubbock
San Antonio
Waco
Wichita Falls

6*030.5
85.9
234.0
164.8
131.6
1*403.3
168.5
84.7
1*361.9
101.4
407.2
76.5
58.9

6*287.2
88.9
249.2
164.7
136.1
1*498.8
173.8
84.2
1*419.3
103.9
416.8
79,3
60,5

6*180.5
87.6
244.3
162.5
134.0
1*476.6
170.6
82.5
1*396.1
102.3
409.8
78.4
59.4

OHIO 2
Akron
Canton
Cincinnati'
Cleveland
Columbus
Dayton

Toledo1
Youngstown—Warren

RHODE ISLAND
Providence-Warwick -Pawtucket 1
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls

"

See footnotes at end of table.

166




110
l
ivi 3
J

9.2

7.
6.'

5.(
5.!

3.1

7.<
7.4

10.6

3.6
3.2
3.3

3.5
3.2
3.5

3.3
3.0
3.0

5.2
6.2
4.7
4.4

6.6
7.9
5.5
6.5

6,4
8,0
5.4
5.2

372.8
20.9
5.0
8.8
11.1

6.5!
6.2
6.8
6.3
4.6

6.3
6.7
7.3
5.9
4.3

7.<T
7.0
8.6
7.0
5.1

7.2
28.0
138.6
52.6

8.3
25.1
156.2
59.9

8,0

8.7

3.7
9 2

4.4

8.4
5.3

4.1
7.4
7.4
5.6
5.5
6.9

4.1
9.6
6.5
5.1
5.6
8.0

4.7
8.9
7.2
6.0
5.6
9.7

27.1

6.8

7.1

5.9

60.5

5.6
6.3
4.0
4.4

4.9
5.4
3.9
3.8

4.5
4.9
3.6
3.5

7.7

27.0

10.1

9.6
A 7

9.6
6.7

11.5
Ivi

t

1.6
102.0
9.7
8.6

8,7

10
k U . 1i

32.5
3? a
JC . a

65.9
8.5
6.9

10.0

7.7
6.2
9.2

U3

1.2

2.7

2.2

2.0

136.6
13.4

116.0
12.1

5.3
5.2
4.2
5.8
4.1

6.8
7.0
4.6
5.6
5.5

5.8
6.3
4.1
5.3
4.9

5.1
3.6
3.7
6.7
5.8
4.6
9.8
6.0
4.2
4.1
6.8
4.9
3.7

4.7
3.9
3.5
6.8
5.5
4.0
8.6
5.7
3.8
3.9
6.6
4.5

4.6
3.7
3.3
6,3
5,6
4.0
8.3
5.4
3,7
3.7
6,4
4.6
3.2

9.7

8.6

21.7
16.2

21.8
22.6

20.5
20.2

305.1

297.4

285.2

3,1
8,6

3.4
8.8

3.3
8.0

11.0

11.1

10.2

7.5

7.5

59.5
15.0

59.0
14.2

4.8

4.5

57.8

53.5

4.1

4.1

27.9

27.4

51.1
3.8
26.0
3.6
1.9

7.7

64.2
16.5
5.1

3.8
2.2

3.5
2.3

3.e

STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA
E-1. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas —Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment
Labor force

Percent of
tabor force

Number
State and area

AUG.
1978

AUG.
1979P

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P

AUG.
1978

JUL.
1979

AUG.
1979P
3.8

UTAH
Salt Lake City-Ogden

547.5
362.0

581.6
384.6

584.6
387.5

22.1
14.4

22.2
15.0

3.5

3.8

13.0

3.6

3.7

3.9

VERMONT

239.5

245,1

244.8

12.4

11.2

10.3

5.2

4.6

4.2

VIRGINIA
Lynchburg
Newport News—Hampton
Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth *
Petersburg—Colonial Heights— HopewelI
Richmond
Roanoke

2*468.2
73.5
157.4
321.8
59.5
322.3
108.5

2*519.1
76.9
166.5
325.2
61.0
325.2
111.3

2*502.2
76.7
164.2
322.9
60.4
325.2
110.7

125.5

118.4

113.7

3.4

3.1

3.0

5.1
4.7

4.7
4.1

9.6
18.0
3.2
11.4
4.5

8.5
17.3
3.3
11,2
4.7

5.7
5.9
5.8
3.6
4.4

5.8
5.5
5.3
3.5
4.1

4,5
3,9

9.1
18.9
3.5
11.5
4.8

5.2
5.4
5.4
3,4
4,3

WASHINGTON
Seattle—Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

1*779.9
766.8
143.3
165.9

1*882.1
826.4
147.0
175.5

1*889.4
832.1
146.1
176.1

112.7
40.9
7.9
12.1

117,6
42,6
8.9
12.0

109.1
39.4
7.7
11.3

6.3
5.3
5.5
7.3

6.2
5.2
6.1
6.8

5,8
4,7
5,3
6.4

718.3

116.9
117.6
66.9
78.5

747.6
119.8
119.9
69.6
78.3

741.9
119.9
120.6
70.2
78.9

44.3
3.6
6.3
3.2
3.5

48,8
4,8
7.0
4.0
4.4

40.9
4.2
7.0
3.7
3.9

6.2
3.1
5.3
4.7
4.5

6.5
4.0
5.9
5.7
5.6

5.5
3.5
5.8
5.3
4.9

2*350.8
148.8
51.5
89.8
62.8
44.5
176.1
717.3
90.6

2*415.7
N.A.
N.AN.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

2*398.8
152.4
54.5
89.8
62.4
45.2
179,5
734.4
90.8

112.0
6.4
3.3
4.6
4.6
2.3
6.6
30.4

97.1
5.8
2.7
3.9
3.0
1.8
5.7
25.1

4,8
4.3
6.4
5.1
7.4
5.1
3.7
4.2

5.5

119.2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

4.1

222.3

236.9

237.4

6.1

5.7

5.7

.

WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston . .
Huntington—Ashland l
Parkersburg—Marietta'
Wheeling1
WISCONSIN
AppletonOshkosh
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee
Racine
WYOMING

.

N.A.

Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent State.
Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. (See"Explanatory Notes" for
State and Area Unemployment Data in Employment and Earnings, monthly.)
2

NOTE: Estimates for 1978 have been bench marked to 1978 Current Population Survey annual
averages. Except in the 10 States and 2 areas designated by footnote 2, estimates for 1979 are pro-

19.1

4.0
3.8
4.9
4.3
4.8
4,1
3.2
3.4

6.0

N-A'
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

4.5

2.7

2.4

2.4

visional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Data refer to
place of residence.
p= preliminary.
N.A.=not available.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey and Cooperating State Employment Security Agencies listed on
inside back cover.

Labor force and unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance
programs and may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service. When ordering, please specify "CETA Area Employment and Unemployment,"
"State, County, and Selected City Employment and Unemployment," and "Unemployment Rates for State and Local Governments." A complete set of price schedules
and publications is available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Virginia, 22161.




167

Explanatory Notes
These explanatory notes provide information on the concepts, methodology, and scope of Household Data
(A tables), Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables), and State and Area Unemployment Data (E table) published in Employment and Earnings.

Introduction
The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major
sources: (1) Household interviews, and (2) reports from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample
survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is
conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor
force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the
characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor
force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a
sample of about 56,000 households, representing 614 areas in
1,113 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States
and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the
activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th
of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each month
from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in
cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage
and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly
and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and
metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series
are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers.
The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay
during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.
Based on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to
actions occurring during the entire month.
RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data supplement one another,
each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are
readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed
industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of
differences in definition and coverage, sources of information,
methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies.
The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and
trends of the two series are as follows.

168




Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other
private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid
workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week
in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural
and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey
covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information
on the work status of the population without duplication, since
each person is classified as employed, unemployed or not in the
labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are
counted only once and are classified according to the job at which
they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week.
In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked
in more than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among
the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during
the survey week—that is, were not working but had jobs from which
they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or because they were taking time off
for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports,
persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not
those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period.
For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between
household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P.
Green's article "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household
and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 1969. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of
Labor Statistics.

Hours of work
The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas
the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the
household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are
excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of
average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation,
paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.

COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES

Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the
household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all
during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting
to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment
insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by
the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of
Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights,
new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, domestic service, self-employment,
unpaid family work, and religious organizations). Beginning in
January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the
household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work
and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as
employed rather than unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences between
State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green
in the June 1971 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Reprints of
this article may be obtained upon request.

Statistics on manufactures and business. Bureau of the Census.
BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses
or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the
censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some
noncomparability are different treatment of business units con-

Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of
pers6ns under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series
and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than
once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting
period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and
collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured
in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series.

sidered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative
offices and a u x i l i a r y units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies.
There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered,
e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public
utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in
BLS statistics.

County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP),
published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of
central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may
also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and
coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities.

Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs.
Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the
unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in January 1972,
coverage was expanded to include employees of small firms and
selected nonprofit activities who had not been covered previously.
However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial
schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance
whereas these are included in BLS establishment statistics. Beginning
in January 1978, coverage was extended to include domestic workers
whose employers paid $1,000 or more in wages in any calendar
quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 10 or
more workers in 20 weeks or paid a total of $20,000 or more in
wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local
government employees.

Household data
(A tables)
COLLECTION AND COVERAGE
Statistics on the employment status of the population, the
personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed,
the unemployed and persons not in the labor force, and related data
are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current
Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey
appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics
Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. This
report is available from BLS upon request.
These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a
scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian
noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain
information about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. Separate statistics are also
collected and published for 14 and 15 year olds. The inquiry relates
to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through
Saturday, which includes the 12th of the month. This is known
as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the
following week.




Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and
persons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly
enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force
statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed
Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are obtained from
the Department of Defense.
Each month, 56,000 occupied units are eligible for interview.
About 2,500 of these households are visited but interviews are not
obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents
a noninterview rate for the. survey of about 4 percent. In
addition to the 56,000 occupied units, there are 9,500 sample units
in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or
otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed
each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the
sample to be common from 1 month to the next and one-half
to be common with the same month a year earlier.
Beginning in September 1975, the sampie was enlarged by 9,000

169

households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States
and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50
States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the national 47,000 household sample in
January 1978.
CONCEPTS
Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey
week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business,
profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and
(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses
from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons,
whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off,
and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held
more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the
greatest number of hours during the survey week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries,
temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises
of an Embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work
around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or
repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and
similar organizations.
Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work
during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the
survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work,
and were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had
been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary
job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of time
(through the current survey week) during which persons classified
as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons
on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full
weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A
period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed
or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of
the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and
median duration are computed from a distribution of single weeks of
unemployment.
Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided
into four major groups. (1) Job losers are persons whose employment
ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and
persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise
terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked
at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but were out of the labor
force prior to beginning to look for work, (4) New entrants are
persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer.
Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific
efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4-week period preceding
the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons unemployed
because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which
they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or
salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods
used to seek work, including going to public or private employment
agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends
or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some "other"
method. Examples of the "other" category include being on a union
or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community
organization, or waiting at a designated pick-up point.
The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria

170




described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of
the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad.
777e unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as
a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital
status, race, etc. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant, and new entrant
rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the
sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate.
Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published. The total labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total noninstitutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate,
which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually published
for sex-age groups, often cross-classified by other demographic
characteristics such as race and educational attainment.
Employment-population ratios represent the proportion of the
total noninstitutional population that is employed. This measure
can also be computed as a ratio of employment and the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over who
are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are
further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in
school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or mental
illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part
retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily
idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off"
season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing
only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also
classified as not in the labor force.
For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time
of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on
a quarterly basis. As of January 1970, the detailed questions for
persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households
that are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e., the
"outgoing" groups, those which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for the subsequent month. Between 1967 and 1969, the detailed not-in-labor force questions
were asked of persons in the first and fifth months in the sample,
i.e., the "incoming" groups.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed
apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more
jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are
classified according to their last full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks
or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived
from the CPS household interveiws are defined as in the 1970
Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request.
The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and
salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in
kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their
own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid
family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a
week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of
the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage.
Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours
worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally
works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day
holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was
paid for the holiday.

For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to
the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However,
all the hours are credited to the major job.
The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to
persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ
from data on totai employment because the latter include persons
in zero-hour worked category, "with a job but not at work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on vacation, ill,
involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent from their jobs for
voluntary, noneconomic reasons.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are
designated as working "full time," persons who worked between
1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Part-time
workers are classified by their usual status at their present job
(either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part
time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs
to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week,
and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons" include:
Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of
home, housework, school, no desire for full-time work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules
include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who
worked from 1-34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually work
full time.
Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists of
persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and unemployed
persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor force consists
of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons
seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not at work during
the survey week are classified according to whether they usually
work full or part time.
Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to the
economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available
aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: (1) That unemployed
persons looking for full-time work lost an average of 37.5 hours,
(2) that those looking for part-time work lost the average number
of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during
the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic
reasons lost the difference between 37.5 hours and the actual
number of hours they worked.
Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe the
race of workers. The black and other category, which until recently
had been identified as "Negro and other races" and prior to 1969
as "nonwhite," includes all persons who identified themselves in the
enumeration process to be other than white. At the time of the
1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the black and other population group were black; the remainder were American Indians,
Alaskan Natives, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and all other "nonwhite" groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the
relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in
the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the
mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other Hispanic
origin or descent. According to the 1970 Census, approximately
96 percent of their population is white.
Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are
terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons during
the reference week are primarily one of going to school or not.
Statistics on major activity are published every month in table
A-7 for 16-21 year-olds by employment status, race, and sex, and,
if unemployed, whether s'eeking full- or part-time work.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed Forces
of the United States between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975.




Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to males in the civilian
noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and females
are excluded.
Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed Forces.
Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical
divisions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were poor
according to the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were classified as
poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds adopted by a Federal
interagency committee in 1969. These thresholds vary by family
size, composition, and residence (farm-nonfarm). While poverty
areas have a substantial concentration of low-income residents,
many poor persons live outside these areas and, conversely, the
areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total of all
areas encompassed by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's). The metropolitan area total is based on the number of
SMSA's as defined in the 1970 Decennial Census and does not include any subsequent additions or changes. Nonmetropolitan areas
refer to the total of all areas outside SMSA's. The nonmetropolitan
total is disaggregated info farm and nonfarm components.
HISTORIC COMPARABILITY
Raised lower age limit
Beginning with data for 1967, the lower age limit for official
statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 14 to 16
years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to clear
up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were: (1) Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently available for
work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity
within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the latter condition is made
for persons waiting to start a new job in 30 days or waiting to be
recalled from layoff; in the past, the current availability test was not
applied and the time period for jobseeking was ambiguous;
(2) counting as employed persons who were absent from their
jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and
were also looking for other jobs; previously, these persons had
been classified as unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment
in order to increase their reliability.
These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by more
than one-fifth of a percentage point in either direction, although
the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected. The number
of employed was reduced about 1 million because of the exclusion
of 14- and 15-year-olds. For persons 16 years and over, the only
employment series appreciably affected were those relating to hours
of work and class of worker. A detailed discussion of the changes
and their effect on the various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in
the February 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings and MonthlyReport on the Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request.
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Before the changes introduced in 1967, the labor force data
were not comparable for three earlier periods: (1) Beginning 1953,
as a result of the introduction of data from the 1950 census into
the estimation procedure, population levels were raised by about
600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals
and males; other categories were relatively unaffected; (2) beginning
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of
about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor
force, four-fifths of this in nonagricultural employment; other
labor force categories were not appreciably affected; (3) beginning
1962, the introduction of figures from the 1960 census reduced
the population by about 50,000, labor force and employment by
about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.

171

In addition, beginning 1972, information from the 1970 census was
introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase in
the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000; labor force
and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000,
and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A
subsequent population adjustment based on the 1970 census was
introduced in March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and
black and other groups but had little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white
population and an increase of the same magnitude in the black and
other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures
were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced
by 150,000, and the black and other labor force rose by about
210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly
affected.
Beginning in January 1974, the methodology used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population
was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach. This change
in the derivation of the population estimates had its greatest impact
on estimates of 20-24 year-old males—particularly those of the black
and other population—but had little effect on 16 and over totals.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in
"CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method
of Estimation" in the February 1974 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
Effective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese
refugees into the United States, the total and black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were
adjusted upward by 7 6 , 0 0 0 - 3 0 , 0 0 0 males and 46,000 females. The
addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by
less than 1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes were
in the "other" population.
Beginning in 1978, the introduction of an expansion of the sample
and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of
roughly a quarter of a million in the overall civilian labor force and
employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially
unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an
indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey in January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation
group households, rather than determined by the interviewer as
before. The purpose of this change is to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth
of the sample households has race determined by the household
respondent and seven-eighths of the sample households has race
determined by interviewer observation. The corresponding numbers
are 2/8 and 6/8 in November 1978, 3/8 and 5/8 in December 1978,
4/8 and 4/8 from January 1979 through September 1979, 5/8 and
3/8 in October 1979, and so on, until the entire sample has race
determined by the household respondent in January 1980. Although the impact of this change is presently unknown, it is possible
that it will cause a break in the time series given for some
racial statistics.

Beginning in 1979, the first stage ratio estimation method was
changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The new procedure is
described in the Estimating Methods section. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey in January 1979" in the February
issue of Employment and Earnings. Differences between the old and
new procedures exist only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan
estimates, not for the total U.S.

172



Changes in occupational classification system
Beginning with 1 9 7 1 , the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in census occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population
Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review
of the classification system to be used for the 1970 Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive since the 1940 census,
was to reduce the size of large groups, to be more specific about
general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant occupations. Differences in
March 1970 employment levels tabulated on both the 1960 and
1970 classification systems ranged from a drop of 650,000 in
operatives to an increase of 570*000 in service workers, much.of
which resulted from a shift between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 420,000, and changes in other
groups amounted to 220,000 or less.
An additional major group was created by splitting the operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and transport
equipment operatives. Separate data for these two groups first became available in January 1972. At the same time, several changes in
titles, as well as in order of presentation, were introduced; for
example, the title of the managers, officials, and proprietors group
was changed to "managers and administrators, except farm," since
only proprietors performing managerial duties are included in the
category.
Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 1 9 7 1 , comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December 1 9 7 1 , when a
question eliciting information on major activities or duties was
added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine
more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. This
change resulted in several dramatic occupational shifts, particularly
from managers and administrators to other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational levels cannot always be made
for 1972 and subsequent years with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational classification system as well as in the
CPS questionnaire are believed to have had but a negligible impact
on unemployment rates.
Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational
Classifications for 1 9 7 1 " and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey" in the February 1971 and February 1972 issues, respectively,
of Employment and Earnings.

Changes in sample design
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. Most of these changes
were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample
design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates.
One major change made after every decennial census is to change
the sample design to make use of the recently collected census
materials. Also, occasionally the sample is expanded in terms of
number of sample areas and number of sample persons. In 1953, a
rotation plan was introduced in which a sample unit would be interviewed for 4 months, leave the sample for eight months, and
then return to the sample for another 4 months. When Alaska and
Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to
the sample to account for the population in these States. After the
1960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from
census address lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is
still collected using area sampling. Following the 1970 census, the
ultimate sampling unit was changed from a non-contiguous cluster
of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing

units. A recent change was introduced in January 1978, when a supplemental sample of housing units, selected in 24 States and the
District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable annual

Households eligible
Time period

Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956.
May 1956 to Dec. 1959 ,
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963 ,
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966,
Jan. 1967 to July 1971 ,
Aug. 1971 to July 1972,
Aug. 1972 to Dec, 1977,
Jan. 1978 to present . . ,

Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide
coverage in each State and the District of Columbia.
2 These are households which were visited, but were found to

average estimates for States, was incorporated with the existing
design. A coverage improvement sample was included in computing the estimates beginning in October 1978 in order to provide
coverage of mobile homes and new construction housing units that
previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample. This
sample is composed of approximately 450 sample household units
which represent 237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new
construction housing units. These new construction units are composed of those units where building permits were issued prior to
January 1970 and construction was not completed by the time of
the 1970 Census (i.e., April 1970). The extent of other sources of

housing undercoverage is unknown but believed to be small. The
inclusion of this coverage improvement sample in the CPS does not
have a significant effect on the estimates.
The following table provides a description of some aspects of
the CPS sample c'esign in use during the referenced data collection
periods. For a more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design, see The Current Population Survey: Design and
Methodology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Technical Paper No. 40, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Su(vey,
BLS Report 463.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results
for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on
returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force,
employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program.
The CPS estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person. The basic weight, which is the inverse of
the probability of the person being in the sample, is a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. In States supplemented in the 1978 expansion, almost
all sample persons within the same sample area have the same
basic weight, but the weight may differ across sample areas. The
basic weight is the same for almost all sample persons in unsupplemented States. The basic weights are then adjusted for noninterview,
and the ratio estimation procedure is applied.




Number of
sample
areas

68
230
330
333 3
357
449
449
461
614

Interviewed

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500

Not
interviewed

500-1,000
500-1,000

1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500

Households
visited not
eligible 2

3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
9,500

be vacant or otherwise not eligible for interview.
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska
and Hawaii after statehood.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied
sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately
by combinations of sample areas within each State and the District
of Columbia, and within these, for six groups—two race categories
(white, and black and other) within three residence categories. For
sample areas which are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas
(SMSA's), these residence categories are the central cities, and the
urban and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample
areas, the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and
rural farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed
varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for
the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the
population as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and
residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with
labor force participation and other principal measurements made
from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these
population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages
of ratio estimates as follows:
a. First-stage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the 614
sample areas are chosen to represent other areas not in the sample;
the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The
first-stage ratio estimation procedure was designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas. Therefore, this procedure is not applied to
sample areas which represent only themselves. The procedure is
performed at two geographic levels: First, by the four census regions (Northeast, North Central, South and West), and secondly,
for each of the 46 States which contains nonsample areas. The
procedure corrects for the differences that existed at the time of
the 1970 census between the distribution by race and residence of
the population in the sample areas and the known race-residence
distribution in the portions of the census region or State represented by these areas. The regional adjustment is performed by

173

metropolitan-non metropolitan residence and race, while the State
adjustment is done by urban-rural status and race.

and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however,
are insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates

b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportion

in the categories described below are adjusted to the distribution of
independent current estimates of the population in the same
categories. The second-stage ratio estimate is done in order to increase the reliability of the estimates and is done in three steps. In
the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State
and the District of Columbia to an independent control for the
population 16 years and over for the State. The second step involves "nonwhite" persons only, and is an adjustment to independent estimates of 40-age-sex-race categories across the whole
Nation. (The race categories used are black and other minority
races.) The third adjustment is applied to all sample persons
and is a weighting to nationwide independent population estimates within 68 age-sex-race groups. The entire second-stage ratio
estimation procedure is iterated six times, each time beginning
at the weights developed the previous time. This iteration ensures
that the sample estimates both of State population and of national
age-sex-race categories, will be virtually equal to the independent
population estimates.
The independent controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation
of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population from
the April 1, 1970 census through the latest available July 1 estimate,
adjusted as a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population
of this group. State estimates by age for July 1 are published
annually in Current Population Reports, Series P-25. For a description of the methodology used in developing the State total, see
Report 640 of that series. Descriptions of the age estimates
methodology are available on request from the Chief of the
Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C 20233.
Prior to January 1974, the independent national controls used
for the age-sex-race groups in both the second and third steps
of the second-stage ratio estimation procedure were prepared
by carrying forward the most recent census data (1970) after taking
account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and
migration between the United States and other countries. Beginning
in 1974, the "inflation-deflation" method of deriving independent
population controls was introduced into the CPS estimation procedures. These independent controls are prepared by inflating the
most recent census counts to include the estimated net census undercount by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each
subsequent month and later age by adding births and net migration,
and subtracting deaths. These post-censal population estimates are
then "deflated" to census level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. The actual
percent change over time in the population in any age group is
preserved.

3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given
month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts
of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the
current month. Almost all estimates of month-to-month change
are improved by this procedure, and most estimates of levels are
also improved, but to a lesser extent.
Rounding of estimates

The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals
shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals

174



There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a
sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors
provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error.
They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors
in response and enumeration but do not measure any systematic
biases in the data.
Nonsampling errors. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to qualify some
sources of nonsampling error in the CPS as discussed below. The
effect of nonsampling error should be small on estimates of relative
change, such as month-to-month change. Estimates of monthly
levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources,
e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample,
definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, inability to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values for missing data,
and failure to represent all sample households and all persons
within sample households (undercoverage).

Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of the
survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well
as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random
sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview
at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that
the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic
biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the
other results may be found in the Current Population Survey
Reeinterview Program, January 1961 through December 1966,
Technical Paper No. 19. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the
CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used
for the sample, since the level of the estimates vary by rotation
group, A description of these effects appears in the article "The
Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys,"
by Barbara A. Bailer, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 1975.

Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and
missed persons within sample households. Overall undercoverage, as
compared to the level of the decennial census, is about 5 percent. It
is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race.
Generally, undercoverage is larger for males than for females and
larger for black and other races than for whites. Ratio estimation
to independent age-sex-race population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed
persons in the same age-sex-race group. Further, the independent
population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage
in the 1970 census, which was estimated at 2.5 percent of the
population, with differentials by age, sex, and race similar to those
observed in the CPS.

Additional information on nonsampiing error in the CPS appear
in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical
Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of
Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in the paper "The Current
Population Survey: An Overview/' by Marvin Thompson and Gary
Shapiro, Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2,
No. 2, April 1973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design
and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census. This last document includes
a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of various sources of
errors, and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

Sampling error. The standard error is primarily a measure of
sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs by chance
because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The
sample estimate and its estimated standard error enables one to
construct confidence intervals, ranges that would include the
average of all possible samples with a known probability. For
example, if all possible samples were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using
the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated error
were calculated from each sample, then:

1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from the one
standard error or below the estimate to one standard error
above the estimate would include the average result of all
possible sample.

error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more
closely related to the monthly level for the characteristic than to
the size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in
order to use the generalized standard errors for month-to-month
change as given in the tables of standard errors, it is necessary to
obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be
noted that the tables of standard errors for month-to-month change
apply only to estimates of change between two consecutive months.
Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to
higher standard errors. Table I contains factors for use with tables
C, E, G and H to compute approximate standard errors, as described
below, for levels, labor force participation rates and percentages as
pertaining to year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly
averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes
in yearly averages. Note, that standard errors for changes in quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive quarters and
years. For years prior to 1967, the standard errors must be adjusted
due to the differences in the sample size. For years prior to 1956,
the standard errors should be multiplied by 1.50 and for the
1956-1966 period they should be multiplied by 1.22.

Table A. Standard errors of major employment
status categories
(In thousands)

Standard error of—
Employment status, sex,
age, and race

2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors above the
estimate would include the average of all possible samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from 2 standard
errors below the estimate to 2 standard errors above the
estimate would include the average result of all possible
samples.
In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a
large number of estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost,
a number of approximations were required. First, the standard
errors in this report reflect the sample design and estimation
procedure in effect prior to the expansion for annual average
State estimates. Thus, these standard errors mav slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Secondly,
instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate,
generalized sets of standard errors were computed for various
types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable
estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets of
standard errors provided give an indication of the order of
magnitude of the standard error of an estimate rather than the
precise standard error.
Tables A and B show approximate standard errors for major
employment status characteristics for both monthly estimates
and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are
applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months.

Tables C through G provide generalized standard errors for
monthly level and month-to-month change for estimated totals,
unemployment rates, and percentages. Table H contains factors
for use with table G for computing standard errors, as described
below, for monthly level and month-to-month change for percentages. Standard errors for intermediate values not shown in the
tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard




Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Black and other, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Males, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Females, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Both sexes, 16-19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Monthly
level

Month-tomonth change
(consecutive
months only)

223
236
107

171
180
111

124
135
68

107
118
71

168

167
64

129
131
67

80
84
56

85
94
69

78
85
54

60
65
57

44
49
33

38
43
35

62
62
34

48
49
36

33
30
29

37
35
32

175

Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables C and D provide
generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for month-tomonth change. The figures given in these tables are to be used for
the characteristics as indicated,,
Illustration. Assume that the tables showed that the number of
persons working a specific number of hours was 12,000,000, an
increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation
in the second column of table C shows that the standard error on
an estimate of 12,000,000 is about 150,000. The 68 percent confidence interval as shown by these data is from 11,850,000 to
12,150,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate
derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed in
this way would be correct for roughly 58 percent of all possible
samples. Recall that the standard error of a month-to-month change
is primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus,
using linear interpolation in column one of table D the standard
error on a month-to-month change of 400,000 when the monthly
level is approximately 12,000,000 is about 111,000.

Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an
estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator,
depends on both the size of the rate or percentage and the total
upon which the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and
percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding
estimates of the numerator of the rates or percentages; this is
particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a
general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly
base is less than 75,000 or the annual average base is less than
35,000.
Tables E and F shows generalized standard errors for monthly
level and month-to-month change for unemployment rates.
Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages
and estimated month-to-month change in percentages can be
obtained through the use of the standard errors in table G and
the factors in table H. First obtain the standard error from table
G for the specific percentage and base. The generalized standard
error is then calculated by multiplying the standard error from
table G by the appropriate factor from table H. When the
numerator and denominator of the percentage are in different
categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the
percentage.

176




Illustration. For example, assume that the tables show that
3.6 percent of a total of 90,771,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. First the standard error on an estimate of
3.6 percent with a base of 90,771,000 is obtained from table G
(0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table H for the numerator of the percentage, agriculture employment, is 1.26. The
generalized standard error on the estimated 3.6 percent is then
approximately 0.09 x 1.26 = 0.1 percent.
Standard errors for year-to-year change of monthly estimates,
quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages
and changes in yearly averages. The approximate standard errors of
levels, rates and percentage involving year-to-year change of monthly
estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly
averages and changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using
table 1 in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for estimates of change are more closely related to the level of the estimate
than to the size of the specific change. Thus to obtain the standard
error of an estimate of an average level, rate or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate or percentage it is first necessary to
find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average
level, rate or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For
an estimate of change in level, rate or percentage, find the standard
error of the average of the two estimates affecting the change. Then,
after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as
monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this
result by a suitable factor from table I to obtain the approximate
standard error for the average or change.

Illustration. For an example, suppose that one is interested in
the year-to-year change of a monthly unemployment rate. Let us
assume that the tables show that for a certain month the unemployment rate is 6.9 percent based on a total of 95,676,000 in
the civilian labor force, and that a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 6.1 percent based on a total of 94,254,000 in
the civilian labor force for the month. First, the standard error
on the average of the two estimates, 6.5 percent with a base of
94,965,000, is obtained from table E (0.11 percent). The appropriate factor then from table I is 1.40. The approximate standard
error on the change of 0.8 percent is then given by 0.11x1.40=
0.15 percent.

Table B. Standard errors of unemployment rates for major characteristics
Standard error o f —
Selected categories

Monthly
level

Total (all civilian workers)
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
White workers
Black (and other) workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present . . . .
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and o v e r . . . .

.11
.13
.17
.55
.11
.45
.12
.21
.11
.32
.06

Standard error o f —
Selected categories

Consecutive
month change

.12
.18

.13
.20

.19
.37
.23
.20
.27

.21
.41
.26
.22
.30

Consecutive
month change

OCCUPATION—Continued

.11
.13
.18
.65
.11
.47
.13
.22
.12
.40
.07

Blue collar workers—Continued
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives . . . .
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

.35
.49
.62
.31
.55

.40
.55
.71
.34
.62

.12
.58

.13
.66
.24
.30
.40
.35
.28
.19
.23
1.24

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and
salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
*.
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers . . .

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers.
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators,
except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers

Monthly
level

!2T
.27
.36
.31
.25
.17
.21
1.09

Table C. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level
(In thousands)
Characteristics1
Labor force data other than
unemployment and agricultural employment data
Estimated
monthly
level

50
100
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
100,000
120,000

Agricultural
employment

13
18
41
57
81
113
137

Total
or
white

Black
and
other

10
14
32
45
64
90
109
125
139
166
188
219
249
253
260
260
254
221
143

10
14
32
44
60
79
88
90
87
36

Total
or
white,
16-19 years

10
14
32
44
60
77
84
84
76

When determining the standard error of an estimate for a
group which is a subset of the age, sex, race groups listed, use the
standard error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the




Unemployment

Black and
Total or
other
Black and
white males
males only,
other, ,
• only, or
or
16-19 years
females only
females only

10
14
28
33
13

9
13
30
42
59
82
99
113
124
146
161
177
178
164
131
49

9
13
29
40
52
60
53
16

Total
or
white

10
14
31
44
62
87
106
122
135
163
182

Black
and
other

11
15
33
46
63
83
93

standard error on the estimated number of employed persons age
20 to 54 years use the column for total employed.

177

Table D. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change
(In thousands)
Type of characteristic
Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculture employment data
Unemployment

Estimated monthly level
Total
or
white

Black
and
other

8
11
24
34
47

8
11
23
33
45
58
65
68
65
33

50
100 ....
500
1,000...
2,000 . . .
4,000 . . ,
6,000 ...
8,000 . . ,
10,000. ,
15,000 . ,
20,000 .,
30,000 .
40,000
50,000
60,000 .
70,000
80,000 ,
100,000
120,000
l

66
81
93
103
123
130
163
179
189
194
195
191
179
119

Total, or
white,
16-19 years

Black and
other,
16-19 years

12
17
33
37

12
17
37
52
70
89
96
93
78

See footnote 1, table C.
Part-time labor force for unemployment also includes persons

Total
or
white

Both sexes
16-19 years,
or part-time
labor force 2

11
16
35
48
68
93
110
123
132
145
146

12
17
39
55
77
107
129
147
162
191
211

Black
and
other

Black
and other,
16-19 years

12
16
36
49
65
80

12
17
34
39

reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and
persons by duration of unemployment.

Table E. Standard errors of unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate

Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)

50
100
500....
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000

178




2.05
1.45
.65
.46
.32
.23
.19
.15
.11
.06
.04

2.88
2.04
.91
.65
.46
.32
.26
.21
.15
.08
.06

4.49
3.18
1.42
1.01
.71
.50
.41
.32
.23
.12
.10

10

15

20

25

30

35

6.18
4.37
1.96
1.38
.98
.69
.57
.44
.31
.17
.13

7.36
5.20
2.33
1.65
1.17
.83
.67
.52
.37
.20
.16

8.25
5.83
2.61
1.84
1.31
.92
.75
.59
.41
.23
.18

8.93
6.32
2.82
2.00
1.42
1.00
.82
.63
.45
.25
.19

9.46
6.69
2.99
2.12
1.50
1.06
.86
.67
.47
.26
.20

9.85
6.97
3.12
2.21
1.56
1.10
.90
.70
.49
.27
.21

50

10.36
7.33
3.28
2.32
1.64
1.16
.94
.73
.51
.28
.22

Table F. Standard errors of month-to-month change in unemployment rates
Monthly unemployment rate

Monthly base of unemployment
rate (In thousands)

50
100
500
1,000 . . .
2,000 . . .
4,000 . . .
6,000 . . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
60,000 .
100,000

3.28
2.32
1.04
.73
.52
.37
.30
.13
.15
.09
.07

2.32
1.64
.74
.52
.37
.26
.21
.16
.11
.06
.05

5 12
3.62
1.62
1.15
.81
.57
.47
.36
.24
.13
.10

7.10
5.02
2.25
1.59
1.12
.79
.64

15

20

25

30

35

50

8.52
6.02
2.69

9.64
6.81
3.04
2.15
1.51
1.06
.86
.65
.44
.22

10.05
7.11
3.17
2.24
1.57
1.10

11.39
8.05
3.58
2.52
1.76
1.22

12.55
8.87
3.93
2.74
1.89
1.26

.89
.67
.48
.23

.97
.72

11.97
8.39
3.73
2.62
1.83
1.26
1.00

1.90
1.34

.49
.33

.94
.76
.59
.39

.18
.13

.21
.14

.51

.14

Table G. Standard errors of estimated percentages and month-to-month change in percentages for
labor force data
Percentage of monthly level
Monthly base of percentages
(In thousands)

50
100
500
1,000 . .
2,000 . .
4,000 . .
6,000 . .
10,000 .
20,000 .
40,000 .
60,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
160,000

1
or 99

2
or 98

5
or 95

10
or 90

15
or 85

20
or 8 0

25
or 75

30
or 70

35
or 65

2.03
1.43
.64
.45
.32
.23
.19
.14
.10
.07
.06
.05
.05
.04

2.85
2.02
.90
.64
.45
.32
.26
.20
.14
.10
.08
.07
.06
.05

4.44
3.14
1.41
.99
.70
.50
.41
.31
.22
.16
.13
.11
.10
.08

6.12
4.32
1.93
1.37

7.28
5.15
2.30
1.63
1.15
.81
.66
.51
.36
.26
.21
.18
.16
.13

8.15
5.77
2.58
1.82

8.83
6.24
2.79
1.97
1.40

9.34

9.72
6.88
3.07
2.17
1.54
1.09
.89

NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by
the factors in table H to obtain the approximate standard error for

.97
.68
.56
.43
.31
.22
.18
.15
.14
.11

1.29
.91
.74
.58
.41

.29
.24
.20
.18
.14

.99
.81
.62
.44
.31
.25
.22
.20
.16

6.61

2.95
2.09
1.48
1.04
.85
.66
.47
.33
.27
.23
.21
.17

50

10.19
7.21
3.22
2.28
1.61
1.14

.93
.73

.69
.49
.34
.28
.24
.22

.29
.25
.23

.17

.18

.51
.36

a specific type of characteristic.

Table H. Factors to be used with Table G to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and
month-to-month changes in percentages
Factor
Type of characteristic
Monthly level

Agricultural employment:
Total or full-time labor force . . .
Part-time labor force
Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and unemployment data:
Total
Females only
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Part-time labor force




1.26
1.26

1.00
.93
.86
1.00
1.00

Factor

Month-to-month
change

1.05
1.50

.74
.84
.75
1.18
1.18

Type of characteristic
Monthly level

Unemployment:
Part-time labor force, duration
of unemployment, left last job,
reentering labor force
All other unemployment
characteristics:
Total or white:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Black and other:
Total
Both sexes, 16-19 years . . . .

Month-to-month
change

1.01

1.21

.97
.97

1.08
1.21

1.04
1.04

1.13
1.24

179

Table I.

Factors to be used with Tables C, E, G , H to compute the approximate standard errors of level, rates and

percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly
averages and change in yearly averages
Factors
Type of characteristic

Year-to-year change
of monthly estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in yearly
averages

Agricultural employment:
Total or male
,
Female or teenagers (16-19
years)
Part time

1.30

.89

.80

.72

.70

1.30
1.40

.83
.74

.80
.80

.58
.46

.70
.70

1.30

.88

.88

.67

.70

1.30
1.40

.82
.74

.88
.88

.57
.46

.70
.60

1.40
1.40

.76
,69

.88
.88

.50
.39

.65
.54

Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and
unemployment data:
Total or white
Black and other or teenagers
(16-19 years)
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time

180




Establishment data
(B, C, and D tables)
COLLECTION
Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary
employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural
establishments, by industry and geographic location.
Federal-State cooperation

Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national, State, and area estimates.
This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents, and
together with the use of identical techniques at the national and
State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates.
State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine
the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The
States use the information to prepare State and area series
and then send the establishment data to the BLS (Washington
Office) for use in preparing the national series.
Shuttle schedules

Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS
790—Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form
1219—Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. The collection agency
returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the
next month's data can be entered on the space allotted for that
month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability
and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures
that have been reported for previous months.
Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of fulland part-time workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of production
and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month. Form DL 1219 provides for
the collection of information on the total number of accessions and
separations, by type, during the calendar month.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification

Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 1219
are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales volume.
This information is collected each year on a supplement to the
monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment making more
than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire
employment of the establishment is included under the industry
indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
for the Nation and for most States and areas are classified in accordance with the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
(SICM), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment

Employment data, except those for the Federal Government,
refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for
any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month.
For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the
last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted
if they performed any service during the month.




The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer
or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government
employment covers only civilian employees, military personnel are
excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence and National
Security Agencies are also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave
(when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or
paid vacation, or who-work during a part of the pay period even
though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the
period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are
persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the
entire period or who are hired but have not been paid during the
period.

Industry hours and earnings

Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of
payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in the remaining private nonagricultural components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings
relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory.

Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer
than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis.
Production and related workers include working supervisors
and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees)
engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving,
storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance,
repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary
production for plants own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above
production operations.
Construction workers include the following employees in the
construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at
the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of
the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the
working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers,
repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters,
photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial
workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors,
guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose
services are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production,
construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any
part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The
payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age
and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax,
bonds or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless
earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in
the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value
of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded.
"Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance,
contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also
excluded.
Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which

181

includes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or
nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays and
vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from
the firm.
Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related
workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours
were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time
workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the
12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only
if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums
were paid are excluded.

Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic
hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in
output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect
shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid
and low-paid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual
establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect
changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings
are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates
are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The
earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on
the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular
bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits,
payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees
not covered under the production worker, construction worker,
or nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly
earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly
earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as proportion of part-time workers,
stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey
period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may
cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of gross average weekly earnings can be
affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force.
For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of
part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries
have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have
affected the average weekly earnings series.
Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the
average hours for which pay was received and is different from
standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism,
labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly
hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of
component industries.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which exceeded regular
hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee
were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total
compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours
worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported.
Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross
weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the
same direction from month-to-month; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the

182




industry-group level also may be caused by a marked change in
hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was
worked in both the previous and current months. In addition,
such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may
not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours.

Hours and earnings for total private nonagricultural industries. The
series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS 790.
Secondary source material such as the Bureau's Employment and
Wages, County Business Patterns of the Bureau of the Census, and
additional supporting information such as The Hospital Guide,
Part I I , of the American Hospital Association and special studies
by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain
industry groups within the services division.
For a technical description of this series, see the article, "Hours
and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries/'
published in the May 1967 issue of Employment and Earnings
and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints are available
upon request.
Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly
data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce
Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials,
and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are
obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced
to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above.
Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average
weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal
social security and income taxes from average weekly earnings.
The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of
dependents supported by the worker, the worker's marital status,
and level of gross income. To reflect these variables, the Bureau
calculates two sets of spendable earnings series based on the assumptions that the worker earned the gross average weekly earnings and was taxed at the rates applicable to either (1) a worker
with no dependents, or (2) a married worker with three dependents
who files a joint return. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in
the industry division excluding other income and income earned by
other family members.
The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those workers,
with no dependents or three dependents, whose gross weekly pay
approximates the average earnings indicated for all production and
nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for example, the average earnings of all married workers with three dependents; such
workers, in fact have higher gross average earnings than workers
with no dependents.
Since part-time as well as full-time workers are included, and
since the proportion of part-time workers has been rising, the
series understates the increase in earnings for full-time workers.
As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the earnings.
For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of
these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two Measures
of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly Labor Review
for April 1971. Reprints of this article are available upon request
from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
"Real" earnings or earnings in constant dollars, are computed
by dividing the earnings averages for the current month by the
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical

Workers (CPI-W), and then multiplying by 100. "Real" earnings for
months prior to January 1978 are deflated by the unrevised
CPI-W, whereas those for January 1978 forward are deflated by the
revised CPI-W. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and
for spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is thus
adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar since the
base period (1967).
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing
the total production-worker payroll for the industry group by the
sum of total production-worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based on the
application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings
(as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp. 537-540).
Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for
at 1 V2 times the straight-time rates. No adjustment is made for other
premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work,
and overtime rates other than time and one-half.
Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours. The indexes
of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the
current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 1967
period. The hour aggregates are the product of average weekly
hours and production-worker or nonsupervisory-worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of hour aggregates
and average hourly earnings. At all higher levels of aggregation,
hour and payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates.
Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified
time span. The indexes are calculated from 172 unpublished
seasonally adjusted employment series (two-digit nonmanufacturing
industries and three-digit manufacturing industries) covering all
nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more
detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of
Diffusion Indexes," in the December 1974 issue of Employment
and Earnings.
Labor turnover
Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual
establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month,
is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires)
and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either
employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a
calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. The
date relate to all employees, whether full- or part-time, permanent
or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried
personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 1959.
Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary
additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired
employees.

New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in
the establishment (except employees transferring from another
establishment of the same company) or of former employees
not recalled by the employer.
Recalls are permanent or temporary additions to the employment roll of persons specifically recalled to a job in the same
establishment of the company following a period of layoff lasting




more than 7 consecutive days. (The collection of recalls, as a
separate item, began January 1976.)
Other accessions are all additions to the employment roll which
are not classified as new hires or recalls. These include transfers
from other establishments of the company and former employees
returning from military leave or other absences without pay who
have been counted as separations. Data on other accessions are not
published separately but are included in total accessions.
Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar
month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and
other separations are defined as follows:
Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees,
failure to report after being hired (if counted as new hires previously), and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month
the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar
days.
Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last
more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer
without prejudice to the worker.
Other separations, which are not published separately but are
included in total separations, are terminations of employment
because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement,
transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance
into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than
30 consecutive calendar days.

Relationship of labor turnover to employment series
Month-to-month changes in total employment in manufacturing
industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with
the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for
the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month; and (2) employees
on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work
stoppage extends through the report period.

ESTIMATING METHODS
The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are (1) the use of the "link
relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic
adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the
use of size and regional stratification.

The "link relative" technique
From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both
the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is
called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees,
including production and nonproduction workers together) for
the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for
the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, small
bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is
determined from past experience. Other features of the general
procedures are described in table J. Summary of methods for

183

Table J. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
Item

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
groups and, where stratified,
individual cells)

Monthly data
All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women
employees
,

All-employees estimate for previous
Sum of all-employee estimates for commonth multiplied by ratio of all emponent cells.
ployees in current month to all employees in previous month, for
sample establishments which reported for both months.

All-employee estimate for current
month multiplied by (1) ratio of
production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2)
estimated ratio of women to all employees.

Sum of production- or nonsupervisoryworker estimates, or estimates of
women employees, for component
cells.

Gross average weekly hours

Production- or nonsupervisory-worker
hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers.

Average, weighted by production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment,
of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production-worker overtime hours divided by number of production
workers.

Average, weighted by production-worker
employment, of the average weekly
overtime hours for component cells.

Gross average hourly earnings

Total production- or nonsupervisoryworker payroll divided by total
production- or nonsupervisoryworker hours.

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of
the average hourly earnings for component cells.

Gross average weekly earnings

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.

Labor turnover rates

The number of particular actions (e.g.,
quits) in reporting establishments
divided by total employment in
those firms. The result is multiplied
by 100.

Average, weighted by employment, of
the rates for component cells.

Annual average data
All employees, women employees, and production or
nonsupervisory workers
Gross average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

See footnotes at end cf table.

184




Sum of monthly estimates divided by
12.
Annual total of aggregate hours
(production- or nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by •
annual sum of employment.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate overtime
hours (production-worker employment multiplied by average weekly
overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours
for production workers divided by
annual sum of employment for
these workers.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers
divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Table J. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and
labor turnover—Continued
Basic estimating celt (industry, region,
size, or region/size cell)

Item

Aggregate industry levels (divisions,
groups and, where stratified,
individual cells)

Annual average data—Continued
Gross average hourly earnings

Annual total of aggregate payrolls
(product of production- or
nonsupervisory-worker employment by weekly hours and hourly
earnings) divided by annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours.

Gross average weekly earnings

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.

Product of gross average weekly hours
and average hourly earnings.

Annual average aggregate (of each
labor turnover action) divided by
annual average employment.

Annual aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual sum
of employment.

Labor turnover rates

c

The estimates result from multiplying the product shown by
business birth adjustment factors to compensate for the under
representation of newly formed enterprises in the sample.
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio,
average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly
earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to corncomputing

industry

statistics on employment, hours, earnings,

and labor turnover.

pensate for changes In the sample arising mainly from the voluntary
character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample, and at
the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of
the latest sample average.

Table K.
Comparison of nonagricultural employment
benchmarks based on 1972 SIC and estimates based on
1967 SIC for 1977

Size and regional stratification
A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment
and/or by region, and the stratified production- or nonsupervisory
worker-data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader
industry groupings,, Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an
employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the
summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a
size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within
an industry.
Benchmark adjustments
Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks"
for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1977 levels. Normally, benchmark
adjustments are made annually.
The primary sources of benchmark information are employment
data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports
of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws.
These tabulations cover nearly nine-tenths of the total nonagricultural
employment in the United States. Benchmark data for the residual
are obtained from the records of the Social Security Administration,
the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other
agencies in private industry or government.
The estimates for the benchmark month are compared with new
benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary,
the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted at levels between the new benchmark and the preceding one,
and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward
progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends.
Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the
level of employment; the sample is used to measure the month-tomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts
of revisions made at the time of the March 1977 benchmark adjustment is shown in table K.




Industry division

Total
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government

Benchmark
(1972
SIC)
March
1977

Estimate
(1967
SIC)
March
1977

Percent
difference

80,493

80,547

-0.1

805
3,430
19,253

827
3,451
19,183

-2.7
-.6
.4

4,603
17,891

4,522
17,799

1.8
.5

4,377
14,935
15,199

4,422
15,028
15,315

-1.0
-.6
-.8

Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the
series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide users of
the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data,
the BLS publishes, as soon as possible after each benchmark revision, a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor
turnover statistics, entitled Employment and Earnings, United
States.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics
program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of

185

establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among
strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size
of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments
fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the
various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in
which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in
relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for
such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great
enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample
design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a
substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade
and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary
to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of
universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishmentsUn these nonmanufacturing
divisions generally show less fluctuations from regular cyclical or
seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally
produce reliable estimates.
In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover
statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely data
at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide
coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide
reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and
regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most
industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary
estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic
levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents,
and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater
industrial detail.
Coverage

The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls
is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social
statistics. Table L shows the approximate proportion of total
employment in each industry division covered by the group of
establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from
the proportions shown. Table M shows the approximate coverage,
in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample.

Table L. Approximate size and coverage of BLS
employment and payrolls sample, March 1 9 7 7 l

Industry division

Total

Number of
establishments in
sample

186



Number
reported

Percent
of total

164,300

32,152,000

40

2,100
16,300
47,100

313,000
686,000
11,166,000

39
20
58

77

508,000

95

7,400

2,208,000

53

40,600

3,242,000

18

10,600
24,300

1,583,000
2,896,000

36
19

3,700
12,100

2,714,000
6,836,000

100
55

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities:
Railroad transportation (ICC)
Other transportation
and public utilities . .
Wholesale and retail
trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government:
Federal (Civil Service
Commission)
State and local

Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour
information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a
slightly smaller sample than employment estimates.
National estimates of Federal employment are provided
to the BLS by the Civil Service Commission. State and area
estimates are based on a sample of 3,700 reports covering
about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishments.

Table M. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor
turnover sample, March 1977
Employees
Industry
Number reported Percent of total

Reliability of the employment estimates
Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment
sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived
from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained
if it were possible to take a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous section,
a "link relative" technique is used to estimate employment. This
requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base
in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling
and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove
this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually
to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and
response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for
changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments
(resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in
the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly
within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause
of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from
improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table N presents the average percent revisions (based on the 1967 SIC) of the

Employees

Total
Manufacturing
Mining
Telephone communication. . . .

10,070,140
9,233,370
136,810
699,960

49
48
41
72

six most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 1973 adjustment)
for major industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual
benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau upon request.
The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject
to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be
affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours
and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors
which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A
relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the
estimate.) Relative errors (based on the 1967 SIC) for major
industries are presented in table N and for individual industries
with the specified number of employees in table O. The chances are
about 2 out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the
sample would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error

from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete
census.
One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates
for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE).
The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in
estimates

V (Standard Deviation)2 + (Bias)2

RMSE-

If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate
from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than
the root-mean-square error. The chances are about 19 out of 20
that the difference would be less than twice the root-mean-square
error.
Approximations of the root-mean-square errors (based on the
experience of the last 6 years and the 1967 SIC) of differences
between final estimates and benchmarks are presented in
table O.
For the two most recent months, estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the
tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample
and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been received. Table P presents root-mean-square errors of the amounts
of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and
final levels of employment and preliminary and final month-to-month
changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are

normally not greater than .1 of an hour for weekly hours and 1 cent
for hourly earnings.

Table O. Root-mean-square errors of differences between
benchmarks and estimates of employment and average
relative errors for average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings1

Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
*

Root-meansquare
error of
employment
estimates
1,900
2,700
4,100
9,600
13,000
16,800

Industry division

Total nonagricultural employment
Total private
Mining
Contract construction . . .
Manufacturing
Durable
Nondurable goods . . .
Transportation and public
utilities
Trade
Wholesale
Retail
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Government

0.2
.1
1.2
1.2
.3
.4
.3

0.1
.5
.2
.1
.1
.1

0.2
.5
.3
.1
.1
.1

.4
.3
1.0
.2

.7
.1
.2
.2

.4
.2
.3
.2

.4
.6
.6

.2
.4

.4
.8

Bated on 1967 SIC.
The average percent revision in employment for the 1967-71
and 1974 benchmarks.
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.
Estimates for government are based on a total count for
Federal Government and samples for State and local government
benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted
by the Bureau of the Census.




1.5
1.1
.9
.8
.5
.5

Table P. Errors of preliminary employment estimates1

Table N. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors for average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings by industry division l
Average
Relative errors
(in percent)
benchmark revision in
Average Average
estimates
weekly
hourly
of
hours
earnings
employment

0.9
.7
.5
.4
.3
.3

Based on 1967 SIC.
Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions.
Relative errors relate to March 1971 data.

Size of employment estimate

[In percent]

Relative errors 3
(in percent)
Average
Average
hourly
weekly
earnings
hours

50,000
100,000
200,000
500,000
1,000,000
2,000,000
10,000,000
Total nonagricultural
employment
Mining
„
Contract construction . . .
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
1

Root-mean-square
error of
Month-toMonthly
month
level
change

600
800
1,400
3,300
4,200
6,500
27,000

600
700
1,200
3,200
4,200
6,300
23,000

94,000

81,000

6,000
17,000
35,000
14,000
33,000
6,000
27,000
45,000

5,000
15,000
33,000
12,000
31,000
6,000
22,000
39,000

Based on 1967 SIC.

STATISTICS FOR STATES A N D AREAS
State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover
data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation
with BLS, The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for ail areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages
(usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they
occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State
agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These
statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS
for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum ot the
State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S.
totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent
benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing
industrial and geographic stratification.

187

For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of
this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry
statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are
presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a
summary volume published annually by the BLS.
PRODUCTIVITY DATA
Tables C-10, C-11, and C-12 are compiled by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of
compensation and Gross National Product supplied by the U.S.
Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board.
Definition
Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees—production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers.
Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and
services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per hour of
labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in the volume
of goods and services produced per unit of labor.
Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees
plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private bene-

fit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and
supplementary payment for the self-employed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there are no self-employed.
Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted
to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index
for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).

Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required
to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor payments
include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit
of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all
persons from the current dollar gross national product and dividing
by output, in these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the
components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit
profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output.
The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current
dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate,
making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of
the sector reported.
Notes on the data
For the private business sector and the nonfarm business sector,
these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product less households
and institutions, owner-occupied housing, and statistical discrepancy.
For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the Gross
Domestic Product of nonfinancial corporate business.
Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions in the
Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production. Output data
are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department
of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures
have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual
estimates of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau
of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the
Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

State and area unemployment data
(E table)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM
Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance
programs are developed by State employment security agencies
under a Federal-State cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which are derived from standardized procedures
developed by BLS are the basis for determining eligibility of an
area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, the Public Work Employment Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Labor force and unemployment in 10 large States: New York,
California, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan,
Texas, Massachusetts, and Florida; and two areas: Los AngelesLong Beach metropolitan area and New York City, are sufficiently

188



reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a description of
the CPS concepts see "Explanatory note A, Household Data," above.
Monthly employment and unemployment estimates in the remaining 40 States and 205 labor market areas are prepared in
several stagesc
1. Preliminary estimate—Employment: The total employment estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments
which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This place-ofwork estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as
used in the CPS« Factors for adjusting from place of work to place
of residence have been developed for the major categories of employment by class of worker and industry on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 1970 Decennial
Census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment
estimates.

2. Preliminary estimate-Unemployment: In the current month, the
estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each
of three building block categories: (1) Persons who were previously
employed in industries covered by State Ul laws; (2) those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and
(3) those who were either entering the labor force of the first time
or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below,
as the Ul-based estimate.
An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance
claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits have been
exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for
nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for
cause, etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and persons
who either filed claims late, or not at all.
The estimate of those previously employed in industries not
covered by Ul is derived by applying to the employment estimate
for each non-covered industry or class of worker subgroup in the
State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment,
weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships.
For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the
labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that
relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced
unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the
estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the
month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed;
(c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) proportion of
the working age population that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of total entrants is defined as:
U=A(X+E) + BX, Where
U=total entrant unemployment
E=total employment
X=total experienced unemployment
A,B=synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation and
an assumed relationship between the proportion of
youths in the working population and the historical
relationship of entrants to the experienced unemployed
(B factor) or the experienced labor force (A factor).

3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then
applied at the State level to the Ul-based estimates obtained above
for each of the 40 States and the District of Columbia. These
correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ul-based
estimates for the six month period ending in the current month
(e.g. a 6-month moving average).
4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates of
employment and unemployment are prepared both for the State
(obtained directly from the CPS in the 10 large States or by the
Ul-based method in the remaining States), and labor market areas
(LMA's) within the State. The total labor force included in the
LMA's exhaust the geographic boundaries of the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure
that the substate estimates of employment and unemployment add
to the independent State totals. In California and New York, which
also have substate areas taken directly from the CPS, the additivity
adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to the State total
minus the direct CPS area.
5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year monthly estimates prepared by State employment security agencies using
Ul-based estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked,
by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates for the 40 States
for which monthly CPS estimates are not available. This adjustment is necessary because the State-prepared estimates are
not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to differences
in State Ul laws, the structural limitations of the Ul-based estimating
method, and errors in the Ul data.
The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages. First,
the monthly Ul-based estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the
CPS to the Ul-based annual averages. Second, the difference
between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is
wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the second-stage estimates
are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 10
States which use CPS estimates monthly, no benchmark correction
is required, as the average of the 12 monthly State CPS estimates
will equal the CPS annual averages.

Seasonal adjustment

Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal
movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience.
By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to
usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and
other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating
deviations from the seasonal pattern-that is, changes in a seasonally
adjusted series—it is important to note that seasonal adjustment
is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally
adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the
original data on which they are based, since they are subject not
only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by
the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment
data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings.




The seasonal adjustment programs used for these series are an
adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method. They
provide for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of
changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the methods
is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal Factor Method
(1966) and X-11 Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal
Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 15, Bureau of the
Census (1967).
Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing
the Census Bureau's X-11 Method. Each January, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are
revised to take into account data from the previous year. In
January 1976, in addition to the routine annual revisions, the
Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure for seasonally

189

adjusting teenage unemployment and those few other unemployment series (e.g., unemployed new entrants) of which teenagers
are the exclusive or major part. In January 1978, modifications were
introduced in the procedure for seasonally adjusting teenage
nonagricultural employment, a number of other teenage employment series, and adult male unemployment.
All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as
well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural e m p l o y m e n t , nonagricultural e m p l o y m e n t and
unemployment—data for four sex-age groups (males and females
under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal
variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total
figures. In order to provide seasonally adjusted total employment
and civilian labor force estimates, the appropriate series are
aggregated. The unemployment rate for all civilian workers is
derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the
sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sex-age components) by the civilian
labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally adjusted sex-age components).
Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the
labor force based on data through December 1978, new seasonal
factors for the 12 major components of the civilian labor force,
and a description of the seasonal adjustment methodology are
published in the February 1979 Employment and Earnings. Many
additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the
series presented, are available from the BLS upon request.
For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all employees, women employees, production workers, hours, and earnings, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component
levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then
obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted
d|ata for the component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly
earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly

earnings and seasonally adjusted weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally
adjusted revised Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners
and Clerical Workers (revised CPI-W), and multiplying by 100.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1967 base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, trade, manufacturing, and durable and
nondurable goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly
hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries
and dividing by the 1967 base.
The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary
help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal
change in Federal Government employment during the winter
months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change
substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions
by the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude
this group from the data upon which the seasonlly adjusted series is
based.
For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are applied
directly to the component series. These series are then aggregated to
obtain total levels (total accessions and total separations). These
factors are derived by the Census X-11 Method using the trading day
option. As a result, these series are adjusted for the number of times
each day of the week occurs in a given month, as well as for the
month of the year.
The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data
reflect experience through May 1978. Seasonal factors to be used
for current adjustment appear in the October 1978 issue of Employment and Earnings.

Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours,
earnings, and labor turnover series—concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 1910.

190



U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
REGION I - BOSTON
John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg.
Government Center - Room 1603 A
Boston, Mass. 02203
REGION V - CHICAGO
230 S. Dearborn Street
Chicago, III. 60604

REGION 11 - NEW YORK
1515 Broadway—Suite 3400
New York, N.Y. 10036

REGION VI - DALLAS
555 Griffin Sq.,2nd Fl.
Dallas, Tex. 75202

REGION III -PHILADELPHIA
3535 Market Street
P.O. Box 13309 (Zip 19101)
Philadelphia, Pa.

REGIONS VII & VIM - KANSAS CITY
911 Walnut Street
Kansas City, Mo. 64106

REGION IV - ATLANTA
1371 Peachtree Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Ga. 30309

REGIONS IX & X -SAN FRANCISCO
450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36017
San Francisco, Calif. 94102

COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES
State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LA US), Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and
Labor Turnover Statistics Program (LTS)
BLS
Region
IV
X
IX
VI
IX
VIM
I
III
Ih
l v

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
DIST. OF COL.

IV
IX
X
V
V
VII
VII
IV
VI
I
III
I

FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS

V
V
IV
VII

MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI

VIM MONTANA
VII NEBRASKA
IX NEVADA
I NEW HAMPSHIRE
II NEWJERSEY
VI NEW MEXICO
II NEWYORK
IV NORTH CAROLINA
VIII NORTH DAKOTA
V OHIO
VI OKLAHOMA
X OREGON
III
I

PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND

IV
VIM
IV
VI
VIM
I
III

SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA

X
III
V
VIM

WASHINGTON
WEST VIRGINIA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING




-Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Montgomery 36130
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 3-7000. Juneau 99802
-Department of Economic Security, P.O. Box 6123, Phoenix 85005
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 2981, Little Rock 72203
-Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 1679, Sacramento 95808 (LAUS and CES).
- Management Services, Department of Labor and Employment, 1210 Sherman Street,
Denver 80203
-Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 200 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 06109
-Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, Bldg. D, Chapman Rd., Route 273, Newark 19713
-Office of Administration and Management Service, D.C. Department of Manpower, Suite 1000,
605 G Street, N. W., Washington 20001
-Department of Commerce, Caldwell Building, Tallahassee 32304
- Department of Labor, 254 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta 30334
-Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 9681 1
-Department of Employment, P.O, Box 35, Boise 83707
-Bureau of Employment Security, 910 South Michigan Street, Chicago 60605
-Employment Security Division, 10 North Senate Avenue, I ndianapolis 46204
Department of Job Services, 1000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 50319
- Division of Employment, Department of Human Resources, 401 Topeka Avenue, Topeka 66603
-Department of Human Resources, 275 E. Main Street, 2nd Floor West, Frankfort 40601
-Department of Labor,P.O. Box 44094-Capitol Station. Baton Rouge 70804
-Employment Security Commission, Department of Manpower Affairs, 20 Union Street, Augusta 04330
-Department of Human Resources, 1 100 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 21201
-Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center,
Boston 02114
-Employment Security Commission, Department of Labor, 7310 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 48202
-Department of Economic Security, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 55101
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 1699, Jackson 39205
-Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson
City 65101
-Employment Security Division, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 1 728, Helena 59601
-Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, State House Station, Lincoln 68509
-Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 602, Carson City 89713
-Department of Employment Security, 32 South Main Street, Concord 03301
-Department of Labor and Industry, 202 John Fitch Plaza, Trenton 08625
Employment Service Division, Department of Human Services, P. O. Box 1928, Albuquerque 87103
-Division of Research and Statistics, N.Y. State Department of Labor. State Campus-Building 12, Albany 12201
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 25903, Raleigh 2761 1
-Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 1537, Bismarck 58505
-Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 145 S. Front St., Columbus 43216
-Employment Security Commission, 301 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 73105
•Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, Room 402, 875 Union Street, N.E.,
Salem 97310
-Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets,
Harrisburg 17121
-Department of Employment Security, 24 Mason Street, Providence 02903
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 29202
-Department of Labor, P.O. Box 1730, Aberdeen 57401
-Department of Employment Security, Room 519, Cordell Hull Office Building. Nashville 37219
-Employment Commission, TEC Building, 15th and Congress Avenue, Austin 78778
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 11249, Salt Lake City 84147
-Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 488. Montpelier 05602
-Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 12064, Richmond
23241 (CES). Employment Commission, P.O. Box 1358, Richmond 23211 (LAUS and LTS)
Employment Security Department, 1007 South Washington Street, Olympia 98501
-Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, 1 12 California Avenue, Charleston 25305
-Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison 53707
-Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 2760, Casper 82601