Full text of Employment and Earnings : October 1956
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E m p lo y m e n t and E a r n in g s OCTOBER 1956 Vol. 3 No. 4 D IV ISIO N OF M AN PO W ER A ND EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS Seymour L. Wolfbein, Chief CO NTENTS P age Factory W orke rs’ A verage Earnings Reach $2 an Hour . iii Employment Trends HOURLY EARNINGS REACH $2.... Factory workers1 earnings, hour, years. have at |2 per doubled in the past 12 The full story, with charts and tables, begins on page iii. NEW AREA SERIES.... The employment series for Sacramento, Calif., formerly limited to manufac turing, now cover all nonagricultural industries. Summary.......... ....................... ...... ........... . ix Table 1: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups.............. ad. Table 2: Production workers in manufacturing, by major xii industry group.................................... Table 3: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group.............xiii Table Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group.................................... xiv Table 5: Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division.............................. xv Table 6: Index of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group............................ . xv Table 7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division, seasonally adjusted............. xvi Table 8: Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted................ xvi [NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data appear in italics7 DETAILED STATISTICS A -Em ploym ent and Payrolls For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Print ing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Subscription price: $3.50 a year; $1 additional for foreign mailing. Single copies vary in price. This issue is 35 cents. Table A-l: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division............................... Table A-2: All employees and production workers in nonagri cultural establishments, by industry............. Table A-3: Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payroll in manufacturé......................... Table A-4: Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region....................................... Table A-5 : Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel....................................... Table A-6 : Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State...................... Table A-7: Employees in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, by industry division............. Continued next page 1 2 7 8 9 10 13 E m p lo y m e n t and E a r n in g s CO NTENTS - C on tin u e d P age B - Labor Turnover Table B-ls Monthly labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by class of turnover............................... Table B-2: Monthly labor turnover rates in selected industries 23 24 C-Hours and Earnings Table C-l: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory eaployees........................ Table C-2: Gross average weekly earnings of production workers in selected industries, in current and 1947-49 dollars......................................... Table C-3: Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufacturing, in current and 1947^49 dollars............................. Table C-4* Average hourly earnings, gross and excluding overtime, and average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing........................ Table C-5 : Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity........................ Table C-6: Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing industries for selected States and areas....................................... 28 37 37 38 39 41 NOTE: Data for Avgust 1956 are preliminary. EXPLANATORY NOTES INTRODUCTION................................................ ESTABLISHMENT REPORTS: Collection............................................... Industrial Classification................................ Coverage................................................. DEFINITIONS AND ESTIMATING MSTHODS: En^loyment............................................... Labor Turnover........................................... Hours and Earnings....................................... STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS............................. SUMMARY QF MSTHODS FOR COMPUTING NATIONAL STATISTICS......... GLOSSARY....................... ............................ 1-E 1-E 1-E 1-B 2-E 3-E 4-E 5-E 6-E 7-E ########## REGIONAL OFFICES AND COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES.... Inside back cover ########## The national employment figures shown in this report have been adjusted to first quarter 1955 benchmark levels. Factory Workers' Average Earnings Reach $2 an Hour A v e ra g e h o u r ly e rs in e a r n in g s a ll m a n u fa c tu r in g re a c h e d th e $2 cro s s e d th e $1 m a rk lin e e s ta b lis h m e n ts fo r in Table 1 : Gross average h ou rly earn in gs o f o f p r o d u c tio n w o rk th e fir s t have tim e . Ja n u a ry 1 9 4 4 . production workers i n m anufacturing, 1909-56 They Thus, G ro s s a v a ra g a h o u r ly e a r n in g s fa c Year t o r y w o r k e r h o u r ly lit tle m o re e a r n in g s th e m have 12 y e a rs . u p w a rd p r e s s u r e s w e re e x e rte d d o u b le d D u r in g in a t h a t tim e , b y in c r e a s in g p ro Annual a v e ra g e : Annual a v e ra g e ; 1 9 0 9 ................ d u c tiv ity , in r is in g a fa v o r a b le p r ic e s , and h ig h e r w age r a te s e c o n o m ic c l i m a t e f u l l e m p lo y m e n t a n d e x p a n d in g v io u s ly , s io n to and in o f th e d o u b le fro m 1944* th e i t 5 0 c e n ts advance to a d o lla r th e $2 y e a r w as 5 th e P re d e p re s (1 9 2 0 -4 4 ) a n h o u r« le v e l is w h en t o d a y 's w o rk w e e k i s A t t h a t tim e , o f th e to o k 2 4 y e a rs to o r n e a r p r o d u c tio n . p a rt because th ir tie s , The r a p id s ta r tlin g la r g e o f fu ll m o re c o m p a re d w i t h a v e r a g e w o rk w e e k d u r in g h o u rs lo n g e r— 4 5 h o u rs c o m p a re d w i t h 4 0 c u r r e n t l y — a n d m o re h o u r s w e r e w o r k e d a t o v e r t im e ra te s * fo llo w in g p a r a b le C o n s id e rin g (1 9 4 6 ) w ith in w h ic h t o d a y 's , th e e a r lie s t y e a r th e w o rk w e e k i s e a rn in g s d o u b le d com in G ro s s a v e ra g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s Year and m o n th 1 9 1 9 ................ 1 9 2 0 ................ 1 9 2 1 ................ 1 9 2 2 . ............. 1 9 2 3 ................ .4 0 .5 6 .5 2 4 5 1 9 4 6 ................. 1 9 4 7 ................. 1 9 4 8 ................. .4 9 .5 2 1 9 4 9 ................. 1 9 5 0 ................ 192 192 192 192 192 .5 5 .5 5 .5 5 .5 5 .5 6 .5 7 .5 5 .5 2 .4 5 .4 4 .5 3 .5 5 .5 6 .6 2 .6 3 .6 3 .6 6 .7 3 .8 5 1 9 5 1 ................. 1 9 5 2 ................. 1 9 5 3 ................. 1 9 5 4 ................. 4 ................ 5 ................ 6 ................ 7 ................ 8 192 9 193 0 193 1 1 9 3 2 ...... 1 9 3 3 ................ 1 9 3 4 ................ 1 9 3 5 ................ 1 9 3 6 ................ 1 9 3 7 ................ 193 8 193 9 1 9 4 - 0 ................ 1 9 4 1 ................ 1 9 4 2 ................ * 0 .9 6 1 .0 2 1 .0 2 1 9 4 3 ................. ♦ 0 .1 9 .2 2 1 9 1 4 ................ 194 194 1 9 5 5 ................ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .0 .2 .3 .4 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .8 9 4 5 0 7 9 7 7 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 .9 3 .9 3 .9 5 .9 6 .9 7 .9 7 M o n t h ly d a ta : 1256 F e b .................... M a r .................... J u l y . ----------- 1 .9 7 1 .9 8 2 .0 0 A u g -l/y ” S e p t.l/... a 1 / P r e lim in a r y . decade* O f th e in n e a r ly m a n u fa c tu r in g m illio n a re in o f th re e nance, p r o d u c t io n w o rk e rs th ro u g h o u t th e in d u s tr ie s h o u r ly e a rn in g s each 13 m illio n a re c o u n try , w h e re c u r r e n tly $2 in d u s tr y g ro u p s , an d p r im a r y i n d u s t r i e s w h ic h m e t a ls , fo rm th e a ll g ro u p g ro s s about 7 h o u r ly e a r n in g s a v e ra g e o v e r, in c h in e r y , p e tr o le u m , o rd n a n c e , m a jo r c o m p o n e n t have a v e ra g e a re o r m o re c u r r e n t l y . tr a n s p o r t a t io n 4 ,2 5 0 ,0 0 0 e rs $2 6 in d u s try g ro u p s , o r m o re . W it h in o rd o f a n d p e tr o le u m , p r i m a r y m e t a l s , m a e q u ip m e n t , p r in t in g , c o m p r is in g p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s , e m p lo y e d i n M o re in d u s trie s 9 oat m o re t h a n o f 1 0 w o rk w h e re a v e ra g e s 111 GROSS AVERAG E HOURLY EARNINGS OF PRODUCTION OR NONSUPERVISORY WORKERS Annual Average 1947-55; Monthly 1956 r f v t r u if c • u a cA fru to n y 9 8 tw u f o it %e ^ l e e t i n f e a> h U * q & <uuC f o w t .... (u & tA ¿o n c e ç e o y t a f i& ic ¿tuUt&Ûiy â&iucturu, « U fó v t e *c e & , t A e n c i* v & U a tù u M ¿actovf etvuUHft 6y a n t, a w u i q e State.... 1947 ’ 48 '49 '50 '51 '52 53 '54 '55 < **¿74f t ftOA&ecC e a m U tff* ftoùtt i n fa ve tome 1947 '48 '49 ’ 50 '51 52 '53 '54 55 ituUcéùu^ 1956 ÿtoufiA chttL Aave not reacAeet it i* ot&enA. < t# d fÿ m e t r o p o lit a * <t% c& . $ 3 .0 0 1947 ’ 48 '49 '50 '51 '52 '53 54 '55 1947 48 '49 '50 '51 '52 '53 ’ 54 ’ 55 Ti/itHi* MtOMtcfactwUttQ; e & u u Kf t « U ^ ci 6y 1956 too, awenofe ù t d u é ù t t f.... TOonJUxt a&eruife i* $ 3 one jt&i i*du4&ut cUfuacUf, Howi. $ 3 .5 0 $ 3 .0 0 2 .5 0 1956 CONTRACT CO NSTRU CTIO N (Electrical Workl . N EW SPAPERS V V 2.00 1 .5 0 1.00 W ORK S H IR T S 1.00 oi. .5 0 , iJ ■I II I I I oi. 1947 ’ 48 ’ 49 ’ 50 ’ 51 ’ 52 ’ 53 ’ 54 ’ 55 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 1956 DATA FOR AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER ARE PRELIMINARY ■. i i l 1947 ’ 48 ’ 49 ’ 50 ’ 51 ’ 52 ’ 53 ’ 54 ’ 55 1956 are currently $2 or more. month of September 1956, On the other hand, 4 to slightly more than 1 out of 2 (52 percent). Industry groups, tobacco, textiles, lumber, and leather with more the rate had advanced than 2,000,000 production Among manufacturing workers, have no sizable component industries in is a marked difference which the earnings have reached the $2 mark. in passing Before 1952, only a minor part of factory industry groups, there in the pattern followed $2 . For example, in the printing group sore than 1 in 4 workers were in indus employment was in industries where hourly earn tries above ings averaged $2, but within that year about 1 rently, the rate is 9 out of 10. In the stone, in 10 were in industries averaging clay, and glass industry group, or more annually. the following year, that amount This proportion doubled in and by 1955, factory workers were less than 1 in 10 were in component industries where the aver 4 of every 10 age exceeded $2 in 1951; in industries where the average earnings had passed the $2 mark. that figure as early as 1949; cur currently the rate is slightly more than 4 out of 10. Contrastingly, By the the primary metals industry group advanced Table 2: Percent of production workers in manufacturing averaging $2 or more an hour Based on annual averages 1949-55 and August 1956 August 1956 1/ 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1.2 1.2 2.5 11.3 23.7 28.3 42.6 51.7 DURABLE GOODS........................... 0 0 .4 11.7 29.9 37.5 58.4 66.9 Ordnance and accessories............... Lumber and wood products (except furniture)............................ Furniture and fixtures................. Stone, clay, and glass products........ Primary metal industries............... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment)............................ Machinery (except electrical).......... Electrical machinery................... Transportation equipment............... Instruments and related products....... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.. 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2 0 0 0 6.0 3.7 12.9 0 6.1 61.4 0 0 7.8 73.5 0 0 30.5 99.1 0 15.0 44.2 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.4 0 46.1 14.2 0 0 33.0 12.9 67.6 14.3 0 2.8 43.0 13.2 96.1 14.7 0 40.8 85.5 33.9 97.6 34.4 0 73.1 94.9 47.1 '97.2 65.2 3.1 NONDURABLE GOODS........................ 2.5 2.5 5.2 10.7 14.8 16.2 21.0 31-4 Food and kindred products.............. Tobacco manufactures................... Textile-mill products.............. Apparel and other finished textile products.............................. Paper and allied products.............. Printing, publishing, and allied industries............................ Chemicals and allied products.......... Products of petroleum and coal......... Rubber products........................ Leather and leather products........... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.4 0 0 5.2 0 0 5.2 0 0 24.0 0 0 29.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Major industry group MANUFACTURING........................... 1/ Preliminary. 28.8 0 0 0 0 29*3 0 0 0 0 28.8 0 76.1 0 0 42.6 15.2 76.8 43.9 0 0 74.9 27.3 76.4 42.1 0 0 75.1 38.5 77.4 a .2 0 0 0 75.3 48.5 76.1 41.7 0 6.2 51.0 90.5 62,6 100.0 42.4 0 Table 3: Gross average hourly earnings of production workers in manufacturing in 14 metropolitan areas with 1 million or more population Tear and month Los Angeles- San FranciscoOakland Long Beach Washington, D. C. Ghioago Baltimore Boston Detroit *1.43 1.56 1.65 1.76 1.82 1.92 *1.53 1.61 1.70 1.74 1.79 *1.80 1.94 2.08 2.18 2.27 2.34 1.84 1.83 1.84 1.86 1.87 1.87 1.88 1.88 2.37 2.39 2.38 2.a 2.42 2.45 2.45 2.48 Annual average: *1.42 1.52 1.58 1.62 1.74 1.84 1.94 2.(XL 2.09 *1.47 1.59 1.65 1.71 1.85 1.95 2.05 2.12 2.20 *2.03 *1.82 1.93 1.98 2.08 2.13 2.13 2.15 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.20 2.21 2.25 2.25 2.28 2.29 2.31 2.33 2.32 2.29 2.08 2.08 2.09 2.11 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.10 2.16 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.17 2.19 2.15 2.19 1.99 2.00 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.04 1.99 2.05 MinneapolisSt. Raul St. Louis New YorkNortheastern New Jersey Cleveland Philadelphia Pittsburgh *1.28 1.38 1.44 1.49 1.62 1.72 1.83 1.89 1.94 *1.34 1.50 1.57 1.62 1.79 1.87 2.03 2.08 2.22 2.00 2.04 2.01 2.02 2.04 2.05 2.04 2.06 2.34 2.32 2.34 2.34 2.34 2.36 2.28 2.36 194 7 194 8 194 9 1950..... 195 1 195 2 195 3 195 4 195 5 Monthly data? 1256 Jan..... Feb..... Mar..... Apr..... way..... June.... July.... Aug .1/- •• Buffalo Annual average: 194 194 194 195 195 195 195 195 195 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 *1.19 1.32 1.39 1.48 1.60 1.72 1.82 1.89 1.97 2.03 2.01 2.02 2.02 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.06 *1.58 1.67 1.79 1.86 1.95 *1.34 1.46 1.54 1.61 1.77 1.87 1.99 2.06 2.17 *1.87 1.92 *1.92 2.04 2.05 2.17 2.01 2.00 2.02 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.06 2.07 2.23 2.23 2.24 2.24 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.29 1.98 1.98 1.99 1.99 1.99 2.00 2.03 2.03 2.26 2.25 2.24 2.25 2.25 2.27 2.24 2.28 Monthly data: 1256 Jan..... Feb..... Mar..... Apr..... *fay..... June..... July.... Aug•!/... 1/ Preliminary. swiftly from, much less than 1 in 10 as recently earning an annual average of $2.00 in 1952. as 1952 to all of its employees Francisco, Cleveland, and Pittsburgh factory em currently work ing in industries averaging more than |2. Although geographic eonparisons are affect ployee San average earnings passed the mark in the succeeding year. About one-third of all manu ed by differences in industrial structure and by facturing production workers differences in composition of work forces, area establishments of these 14 major metropolitan differences areas. in relation to the $2 nark are, are employed in Of the nearly 120 metropolitan areas for nevertheless, of interest. Among the 14 Metro politan areas with 1950 population of 1 ndllion which the Bureau of Labor Statistics or more, average gross factory worker earnings in 13 average hourly earnings data, publishes factory of these areas have advanced beyond the $2 mark. workers in somewhat more than half Production workers in the Detroit area, where averaging $2 the automobile Industry is a large part of the factory workers in the United States economy, led the way for cities in this group by ployed by establishments in these 69 areas. or more. (69) are now About one-half of the are em XU Table 4* Bsrcent of contract construction workers in industries averaging $2 or more an hour Based on annual averages 1948-55 and August 1956 Earnings in some major Industry groups other than manufacturing reached the earlier. $2 average Most workers in contract construction earned an annual average of more than $2 an hour Period Contract Construction SpecialNonbuild General Total ing con contrac trade con struction tors tractors 1948..... 1949----1950..... 1951..... 1952..... 1953..... 1954..... 1955..... 5.2 16.0 44.0 92.0 91.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 57.2 57.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.2 36.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1226 August.... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 as early as 1951. Annual average ings for electrical workers hourly earn in contract con struction penetrated the *2 line as early as 1943 and continued steadily upward, breaking through the $3 mark in September 1955. By 1950, workers in each of the special construction trades industries were averaging $2 an hour; by 1953, averages of all industries construction were over the *2 mark. in contract E m p lo y m e n t NONFARM E M PLO YM E N T AND F A C T O R Y E A R N IN G S A T A L L T I M E R E C O R D S N o n fa rm e m p lo y m e n t r o s e to an a llt im e h ig h o f 52. 1 m illio n jo b s in S e p te m b e r 19 5 6 , e x c e e d in g b y 13 5,0 0 0 the p r e v io u s r e c o r d e s ta b lis h e d in D e c e m b e r 19 5 5. A v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r f a c t o r y p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s r e a c h e d the $ 2 . 00 l e v e l f o r the f i r s t tim e , and a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s r o s e to a r e c o r d $ 8 1 .0 0 , the f i r s t tim e w e e k ly e a r n in g s p a s s e d the $80. 00 m a r k . The f a c t o r y w o r k w e e k r o s e 0. 3 o f an h o u r to 40. 5. The n u m b e r o f n o n fa r m jo b s u s u a lly r i s e s s u b s ta n tia lly b e tw e e n A u g u st and S e p te m b e r , m a in ly a s a r e s u l t o f the re o p e n in g o f s c h o o ls and s e a s o n a l e x p a n sio n in tr a d e and food m an u f a c t u r in g . T h is y e a r jth e r i s e o f 250,000 fr o m a high A u g u st l e v e l w a s l e s s than the a v e r a g e , m a in ly b e c a u s e o f a s lig h t ly m o r e - t h a n - s e a s o n a l e m p lo y m e n t dip in c o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c tio n and a u to m o b ile m a n u fa c tu r in g , a s w e ll a s a l e s s th a n -s e a s o n a l r i s e in r e t a il t r a d e . The s lig h t dip in c o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c tio n fr o m the h igh l e v e l s of p r e v io u s m o n th s w a s p r i m a r il y due to a s la c k e n in g in h o m e b u ild in g a c t i v i t i e s , but e m p lo y m e n t at 3. 3 m illio n w a s s t i ll at a p e a k fo r S e p te m b e r . The e m p lo y m e n t c u tb a c k s in a u to m o b ile s r e f le c t e d the l u ll d u rin g the m o d e l c h a n g e o v e r . W hile the r i s e in r e t a il tr a d e e m p lo y m e n t w a s b e lo w a v e r a g e fo r the m o n th , the n u m b e r o f jo b s w a s n e v e r t h e le s s at a r e c o r d l e v e l fo r S e p te m b e r . E m p lo y m e n t ch a n g e s in n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s t r ie s o th e r than c o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c tio n and tra d e w e r e m o s tly s e a s o n a l b e tw e e n A u g u st and S e p te m b e r . E m p lo y m e n t in State and lo c a l g o v e rn m e n ts r e a c h e d an a lltim e h ig h a s the F a l l s c h o o l s e m e s t e r op en ed. A U T O C H A N G E O V E R S C U T G A IN IN FA CTO R Y EM PLOYM ENT F a c t o r y e m p lo y m e n t, at 1 7 . 1 m illio n , w a s 24 .0 0 0 ab ove the A u g u st l e v e l and 14 2 ,0 0 0 h ig h e r than a y e a r a g o . The o v e r - t h e - m o n t h g a in w a s s m a lle r than a v e r a g e p r im a r il y b e c a u s e o f a 5 5 , 000 d ro p in auto p la n t jo b s and g r e a t e r than u s u a l d e c lin e s in lu m b e r , s to n e , c la y and g l a s s , a p p a r e l, and t e x t i l e s . T he te x t ile and a p p a r e l in d u s t r ie s r e p o r t e d s m a ll d e c lin e s o v e r the m o n th , co n tin u in g d o w n tre n d s w h ic h h a ve re d u c e d e m p lo y m e n t in t e x t ile s b y 50 .0 0 0 and in a p p a r e l b y 2 0,000 s in c e l a s t S e p te m b e r . 404803 0 - 5 6 - 2 T r e n d s H igh e m p lo y m e n t l e v e l s , how e v e r , co n tin u ed in the p r im a r y m e ta ls in d u s t r y , fo llo w in g r a p id r e c o v e r y fr o m the e ff e c t s o f the July s t e e l s t r ik e ,a n d e m p lo y m e n t in the m a c h in e r y in d u s t r y r e a c h e d an a lltim e h ig h fo r S e p te m b e r . The g a in o f a lm o s t 28, 000 e m p lo y e e s in the fo od p ro d u c ts in d u s try r e f le c t e d the u s u a l s e a so n a l p ick u p in food can n in g and p r e s e r v in g a c t iv i t i e s . C h a n g e s in o th e r m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s w e r e m a in ly s e a s o n a l. H O U R S O F W O R K RISE M O R E TH A N SEASO N ALLY The f a c t o r y w o r k w e e k sh o w ed a so m ew h a t s t r o n g e r than u s u a l p ick u p b e tw e e n A u g u st and S e p te m b e r , r is in g 0. 3 of an h o u r to 40. 5 h o u r s . H o u rs o f w o r k in d u ra b le go o d s in d u s t r ie s r o s e fr o m 40. 7 to 4 1 . 1 h o u rs o v e r the m on th . The m o s t im p r e s s iv e ga in in a v e r a g e w e e k ly h o u rs w a s r e p o r t e d in the p r im a r y m e ta ls in d u s tr y , w h e r e h e a v y p ro d u c tio n b y b a s ic ir o n and s t e e l p la n ts p u sh e d up the w o r k w e e k b y 1. 3 h o u rs o v e r the m on th . B e tte r than s e a s o n a l g a in s in w e e k ly h o u rs w e r e a ls o r e p o r t e d by f u r n it u r e , fa b r ic a t e d m e t a ls , and m a c h in e r y p la n ts . In the n o n d u ra b le go o ds s e c t o r , h o u rs r o s e b y 0. 2 h o u rs to 39. 7 h o u r s . The p e tr o le u m and c h e m ic a ls in d u s tr ie s m ad e e s p e c ia lly la r g e g a in s . H o u rs of w o r k d e c lin e d b y m o re than the u s u a l am ount in the a p p a r e l in d u s try and f a ile d to show the e x p e c te d s e a s o n a l r i s e in p r in tin g . W id e s p r e a d i n c r e a s e s in the w o r k w e e k of m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n ts a ls o r e s u lt e d in a r i s e o v e r the m onth in a v e r a g e o v e r t im e h o u rs to a le v e l o f 2.9 h o u r s . The f a c t o r y w o r k w e e k th is S e p te m b e r w a s 0 .4 of an h o u r b e lo w the l e v e l o f l a s t y e a r , w ith m o s t in d u s tr ie s r e p o r t in g d e c lin e s o v e r the y e a r . The o n ly in d u s t r ie s r e p o r tin g lo n g e r h o u r s o f w o r k th is S e p te m b e r than la s t w e r e the e le c t r i c a l m a c h in e r y , p e tr o le u m ,a n d o rd n an ce in d u s t r ie s . F A C T O R Y E A R N IN G S H IT A L L T I M E R E C O R D E a rn in g s o f fa c t o r y p ro d u c tio n w o r k e r s , at $ 8 1. 00 p e r w e e k and $ 2. 00 p e r h o u r , w e r e at a lltim e r e c o r d l e v e l s . I n c r e a s e d h o u r ly e a r n in g s in n e a r ly a ll m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s , to g e th e r w ith a g e n e r a lly lo n g e r w o r k w e e k b o o s te d w e e k ly e a r n in g s fr o m $ 7 9 .6 0 in A u g u st to $ 8 1.0 0 . About $8.40 o f the S ep tem b er w e e k ly e a rn in g s w e r e accoun ted fo r by o v e rtim e w o rk . O v e r-th e -m o n th gain s of m o re than $2. 00 in w e e k ly e a r n in g s w e r e shown in the p r im a r y m e ta ls in d u s trie s ( $ 5 .1 0 ) , m a c h in e r y ($ 2 .3 6 ), p e tro le u m ($ 2 .3 5 ), tra n s p o rta tio n equ ipm en t ($ 2 . 10), and e le c t r ic a l m a c h in e ry ($ 2 . 01). O nly lu m b e r, a p p a re l,a n d le a th e r re p o rte d r e la tiv e ly s m a ll d e c lin e s in w e e k ly e a rn in g s p rin c ip a lly due to d e c lin e s in the len gth of the S w o rk w e e k . The a v e ra g e fa c t o r y w o r k e r 1s p a y c h e c k in S ep tem b er w as $3. 29 h ig h e r than a y e a r a go , w ith e v e r y m a jo r in d u stry group re p o rtin g a g a in . E x c e p tio n a lly la r g e in c r e a s e s w e r e shown in ordn ance ($ 7 .0 4 ) , e le c t r ic a l m a c h in e ry ( $ 6. 06), n o n e le c tr ic a l m a c h in e r y and p e tro le u m ( $ 5 .4 7 ) , and to b a cco ($ 5 .2 6 ). Table 1. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and selected groups (In thousands) Year «go Current Industry divi.sx.on and group Nonmetallic mining and quarrying......... Sept. 1956 1/ * 0*. _ 52*12. , ... ■51.88U 818 111.8 231.5 113.1 1956 1/ 821 112.0 229.2 11*.* July 1956 _JOi8j6 _ 7*6 85.1 182.5 11*.6 Sept. 1955 50,992 78* 105.1 217.6 111.8 September 1956 net change from: Year ago Previous month +21*7 +1,1 3 9 - 3 + - .2 2.3 1.3 + + + - + 3* 6.7 13 . 9 1.3 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION.................... 3,301 3,35* 3,270 3,09* - 53 + 207 MANUFACTURING............................ 17,061 17,037 16,290. 16,919 + 2l* + ikz DURABLE GOODS........................... Lumber and wood products (except f u r n i t u r e ).................................. Primary metal i n d u st r i e s ..... .............. Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation Instruments and related p r o d u c t s......... M iscellaneous manufacturing industries... Apparel and other finished textile Printing, publishing, and allied i n d ustries.................... .............. Leather and leather p r o d u c t s .............. 9,750 130.3 9,758 129.0 9,277 130.9 9,6*0 137.6 + 110 - 8 + 1.3 7.3 756.* 377.6 57*-3 1,331.2 767.9 37**2 579.1 1,321.5 757.9 365.0 566.7 960.9 783.5 380.7 570.7 1,322.7 - 11.5 + 3.* - fee8 + 9.7 + + 1 ,102.2 1 ,728.8 1,230.7 1,667.7 3*3.7 506.7 1,093.0 1,719.6 1,220.3 1 ,713.0 3*1.9 *98.2 1 ,056.0 1,7U.7 1,19*.5 1,721.9 336.0 *75.6 1 ,130.1 1 ,580.8 1,155.* 1,7*9.8 325.7 503.0 + + + + + + lW.O + 75.3 - 82.1 + 18.0 + 3.7 7,311 1,775.6 117.7 1,032.1 7,279 1,7*7.6 109.8 1,035.5 7,01* 1,631.9 86.1 1,013.3 7,279 1 ,706.6 127.3 1 ,061.6 + + 32 ♦ 28.0 + + 7. 9 - 3.* - 1 ,209.0 576.8 1 ,215.2 577.3 1 ,1*9.2 567.1 1 ,230.6 561.7 - 858.1 838.9 256.7 275.9 370.6 853.0 836.3 258.1 270.8 375.6 8*8.5 828.1 252.0 268.5 369.2 833.2 818.6 255.6 278.8 38*.7 9*2 9.2 10.1* 1*5.3 1.8 8.5 27.1 3.1 3.6 8.5 27.9 6.2 32 69.0 9.6 *9.5 21.6 .5 + 15 .1 + 5.1 + + 2.6 + - l.k + + 5.1 - 5.0 - 2l*.9 20.1 1 .1 - ll*.l TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES....... TRANSPORTATION.......................... COMMUNICATION........................... OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES.................. *,188 2,764 819 605 *,179 2,7*5 82* 610 4,1*8 2,717 822 609 *,1*8 2,786 771 591 + 9 + 19 - 5 - 5 + + + WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................ U , l* * 11,0*2 11,015 10,902 +102 + 21*2 + + 121* 118 16.6 80.5 1*0 22 1|8 ll* 3,00* 8,lto 1,398.0 1 ,581.8 787.1 572.8 3,799.9 2,999 8,0*3 1 ,3*2.1 1 ,568.1 797.0 537.2 3,798.5 2,97* 8,0*1 1 ,3*0.2 1,575.* 802.3 5*5.9 3,777*1 2,880 8,022 1 ,*1*.6 1,501.3 81*. 6 582.9 3,708.1 + 5 + 97 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE....... 2,31* 2,350 2,3*2 2,2*8 - 36 + 66 SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS................. 6,10* 6,137 6,137 5,971 - 33 + 133 GOVERNMENT............................... FEDERAL................................. STATE AND LOCAL......................... 7,201 2,205 *,996 6,96* 2,208 *,756 6,9*7 2,208 *,739 6,926 2,173 *,753 +237 - 3 + + + 275 WHOLESALE TRADE......................... RETAIL TRADE..,........................ . Pood and liquor stores...*................. Automotive and accessories dea l e r s . . ..... Apparel and accessories st o r e s ............ Other retail trade.......................... 1/ Preliminary. + 55.9 - + 13.7 + - 9.9 + 35*6 + 1 .1* + +21«) 27.5 10.1 91.8 32 2*3 Table 2. Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group (In thousands) Year ago Current Major industry group S e p t. 1956 1/ MANUFACTURING.................... ....... Textile-mill p r o d ucts.. .................... Apparel and other finished textile Printing, publishing, l / Preliminary. m 1955 Previous month Year ago 12 ,514 13,365 +26 - 89 7,5*8 7,555 7,081 7,612 - 7 - a Furniture and fixtures ..................... Stone, clay, and glass p r o d u c t s ........... NONDURABLE GOODS............................................... Sep t. 1956 13,250 79.6 78 .7 81.7 91.3 687.O 318.5 * 77.6 1 , 1 1 1 .9 696.6 314.4 484.9 1,10 2 .7 687.9 303.8 715.0 323.0 743.0 1 , 118.0 Lumber and wood products {except Instruments and related p r o d u c t s ......... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries... J u ly 13,276 DURABLE GOODS..................................................... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation e q u i p m e n t ).................................. M a chinery (except e l ectrical) ............. Electrical m a c h i n e r y ........................ Aug. 1956 1/ September 1956 net change from: ' 472.9 481.9 .9 - 1 1 .7 -9.6 + 4 .1 - 7 .3 + 9.2 - 28.0 - 4 .5 - 4.3 - 6.1 + 863.7 825.1 911.6 1,2 5 9 .4 874.9 1,2 4 5 .0 233.3 401.7 1,2 5 3 .5 854.3 1,2 4 9 .9 1 ,16 2 .3 845.4 1,3 2 4 .4 227.4 4 12 .1 + 9.6 +10.2 + 9 .7 -44.6 + 1 .3 + 8.9 - 38.3 +107.3 + 39.2 -124.0 + 7 .2 - 1 .5 5,728 5,695 5,433 5,753 +33 - 25 1 , 301.2 1,2 70 .4 100.9 945.3 1 , 158.0 7 7 .3 922.0 1,2 5 4 .6 118 .3 988.9 +30.8 + 8.0 - 3.3 + 46.6 - 9A - 46.9 1,0 78 .3 469.4 1,0 8 5 .2 1,020.3 1 , 100.0 - 6.9 - .4 - 2 1.7 + 6.4 554.7 552.9 174.6 214 .7 331.4 + + + - + 17 .3 + 2.0 .6 - 5 .9 - 12.4 873.3 1 , 269.6 884.6 1,200.4 234.6 410.6 108.9 942.0 and allied 469.8 228.5 380.6 460.6 463.0 549.6 550.7 176.3 543.6 543.5 210.3 169.6 208.0 537.4 550.9 175.2 336.7 330.0 220.6 343.8 5 .1 2.2 1 .5 4.4 5.3 Table 3. Hours and gross earnings of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group Average weekly earnings Major industry group Sept. 1956 Aug. y Average weekly hours 1955 Sept. y 1956 Sept. Aug. 1/ 1/ Average hourly earnings 1955 Sept. Sept. 1956 Aug. 1/ y 1955 Sept. MANUFACTURING.................. $81.00 $79.60 $77.71 40.5 40.2 40.9 $2.00 $1.98 $1.90 DURABLE GOODS................. 87.54 85.47 84.66 41.1 40.7 41.5 2.13 2.10 2.04 92.32 91.05 85.28 41.4 41.2 41.0 2.23 2.21 2.08 73.67 71.90 74.75 70.21 70.93 69.80 40.7 41.8 41.3 41.3 41.0 42.3 1.81 1.72 1.81 1.70 1.73 1.65 81.16 97.85 80.95 92.75 79.19 S7.81 41.2 40.6 41.3 39.3 41.9 41.8 1.97 2.41 1.96 2.36 1.89 2.34 85.90 94.30 82.61 96.76 84.04 91.94 80.60 94.66 84.02 88.83 76.55 93.11 41.1 42.1 41.1 41.0 40.6 41.6 40.5 40.8 41.8 42.1 40.5 41.2 2.09 2.24 2.01 2.36 2.07 2.21 1.99 2.32 2.01 2.11 1.89 2.26 83.64 82.01 79.52 41.2 40.6 41.2 2.03 2.02 1.93 71.46 69.77 68.30 40.6 40.1 40.9 1.76 1.74 1.67 72.25 71.50 68.97 39.7 39.5 40.1 1.82 1.81 1.72 76.54 55.60 57.13 75.17 55.52 56.45 72.80 50.34 56.70 41.6 40.0 39.4 41.3 39.1 39.2 41.6 40.6 40.5 1.84 1.39 1.45 1.82 1.42 1.44 1.75 1.24 1.40 53.07 85.14 53.29 84.12 50.05 81.10 36.1 43.0 36.5 42.7 36.8 43.6 1.47 1.98 1.46 1.97 1.36 1.86 95.06 88.40 94.04 87.33 93.14 84.25 38.8 41.5 38.7 41.0 39.3 41.5 2.45 2.13 2.43 2.13 2.37 2.03 105.83 89.73 55.57 103.48 87.85 56.25 IOO.36 87.15 52.45 41.5 40.6 36.8 40.9 40.3 37.5 41.3 41.5 37.2 2.55 2.21 1.51 2.53 2.18 1.50 2.43 2.10 1.41 Lumber and wood products (except f u rniture)............ Furniture and f i x t ures........ Stone, clay, and glass p r o d u c t s ........................ Primary metal industries...... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipMachinery (except electrical). Electrical m a c h i n e r y ........... Transportation e q u i p m e n t ...... Instruments and related p r o d u c t s ........................ Miscellaneous manufacturing NONDURABLE GOODS............. Tobacco m a n u f a c t u r e s ........... Textile-mill p r o d u c t s ......... Apparel and other finished Paper and allied p r o d u c t s ..... Printing, publishing, and allied i n d ustries............. Chemicals and allied products. Products of petroleum and c o a l ............................ Rubber p r o d u c t s ................. Leather and leather products.. 1 / Preliminary. xlii Table 4. Gross average weekly hours and average overtime hours of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group September 19*56 l/ M a j o r ind u s t ry group Gross Overtime hours average Percent weekly Average of total hours August 1956 l/ Ju Iy 1956 Gross Gross Overtime hours O vertime hours average Percent Percent average weekly Average o f total weekly Average of total hours hours MANUFACTURING.......................... 40.5 2.9 7-2 40.2 2.7 6.7 40.1 2.6 6.5 DURABLE GOODS.............................................. 41.1 3.1 7.5 40.7 2.9 7.1 40.7 2.8 6.9 - - 41.2 2.6 6.3 41.7 2.9 7.0 Ordnance and acces s o r i e s.............. Lumber and wood p r o ducts (except f u r n i t u r e ).............................. Stone, clay, and glass p r o d u c t s ...... - _ _ _ - - - 41.3 41.3 41.3 39.3 3.7 2.9 3.7 2.3 9.0 7.0 9.0 5-9 40.3 40.2 41.0 40.3 3.3 2.4 3.7 2.8 8.2 6.0 9.0 6.9 - - - 40.6 41.6 40.5 40.8 40.6 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.6 2.1 7.1 7.9 6.2 6.4 5.2 40.8 41.7 40.1 40.8 40.5 2.7 3A 2.0 2.5 2 .1 6.6 8.2 5.0 6.1 5.2 - - - 40.1 2.6 6.5 39-6 2.2 5.6 2.6 6.5 39.5 2.5 6.3 39.* 2.5 6.3 - - 41.3 39.1 39.2 3.5 •9 2.3 8.5 2.3 5-9 41.2 38.8 38.7 3.* 1 .1 2.1 8.3 2.8 5.4 36.5 42.7 1.2 4.6 3.3 10.8 35.8 43.0 1.0 4.8 2.8 11.2 38.7 41.0 40.9 40.3 37.5 3.1 2.1 2.0 2.8 1.2 8.0 5.1 4.9 6.9 3.2 38.6 41.1 41.8 39.7 38.0 3.0 2.3 2.4 2.5 1.2 7.8 5.6 5.7 6.3 3.2 Fab r i c a t e d m etal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transporM a c h i n e r y (except e l e c t r i c a l ) ........ E lectrical m a c h i n e r y ................... Instruments and related p r o d u c t s ..... M i s c e l laneous manuf a cturing i n d u s t r i e s ............................. NONDURABLE GOODS ..................... Tobacco m a n u f a c t u r e s . ............... 39-7 - Apparel and other finished textile _ - Paper and allied p r o d u c t s ....... Printing, publishing, and allied - - _ - _ _ Chemicals and allied p r o d u c t s ........ Products o f p e t r o l e u m and c o a l ...... - - - Leather and leather p r o d u c t s ........ jy Preliminary. sis Table 5. Index of employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division (1 9 4 7 - 4 9 = 1 0 0 ) Year ago Current Industry division September 1956 August 1956 il ll July September 1956 TOTAL................................. 119.2 118.6 116.4 1955 116.6 M i n i n g ..................................... 86.3 156.8 114.3 86.6 159.3 114.1 78.7 155.3 109.1 82.7 147.0 113.3 102.9 118.4 134.1 124.7 127.2 102.7 117.4 136.2 125.4 123.0 101.9 117.1 135.7 125.4 122.7 101.9 H 5.9 130.2 122.0 122.4 Transportation and public u t i l i t i e s ................................ Wholesale and retail tra d e............. Finance, insurance, and real estate... ll Preliminary. Table 6. Index of production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, (1 9 4 7 - 4 9 = 1 0 0 ) Year ago Current Major industry group S e p te m b e r 1/ 1956 A u gu st 1956 ll J u ly S e p te m b e r 1956 1955 MANUFACTURING......................... 107.3 107.1 101.2 106.1 DURABLE GOODS........................ 213.1 113.2 106.1 u4.i Ordnance and accessories............... Lumber and wood products (except f u r n i t u r e )............................... Furniture and fixtures.................. 352.9 346.5 361.8 401.5 93.1 108.0 109.9 108.0 94.4 106.3 111.5 107.2 93.2 102.9 108.7 72.2 96.9 109.4 110.8 108.6 112.1 111.7 138.2 U7.3 121.1 108.2 110.9 110.7 136.6 121.7 120.1 105.8 105.9 110.3 133.4 122.2 118.0 100.3 117.1 102.2 132.0 129.5 117.0 108.4 100.6 100.0 95.4 101.0 109.9 103.2 77.1 107.3 95.6 77.3 97.8 72.9 75.5 106.0 111.7 80.9 103.5 117.1 104.2 117.3 98.O 115.1 105.6 115.6 115.5 IO8.4 94.0 105.6 91.5 314.4 108.0 94.6 103.1 93.2 113.2 106.6 91.4 102.1 91.2 111.7 108.0 94.1 108.5 95.1 Primary metal industries............... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and trans portation equipm e n t)................... Machinery (except electrical) ......... Electrical m a c h i n e r y.................... Instruments and related p r o d u c t s ...... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries . NONDURABLE GOODS..................... Textile-mill p r o ducts................... Apparel and other finished textile Paper and allied pro ducts .............. Printing, publishing, and allied 1/Preliminary. S e a s o n a lly A d j u s t e d D a t a Table 7. Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division, seasonally adjusted Number (In t h o u s a n d s ) Index (1 9 4 7 — 4 9 = 1 0 0 ) Industry division September August 1 9 5 6 1 / 195 6 1 / TOTAL............................... M i n i n g .................................... Transportation and public utilities.. Finance, insurance, and real estate.. 117.9 July 1956 1 1 8 .2 1 1 6. 6 September September 195 6 1 / 1955 21 5 *3 5 3 >555 August July 1 956 1/ 1956 5 1 * 707 50,448 780 2, 852 16,683 85.8 79. 1 82.3 814 813 750 *3 5 - 5 III.7 3 ,0 4 2 3*°77 16, 895 4» 148 3*056 1 6, 460 102.1 11 8.4 145.2 110. 2 101. 1 118. 5 13 4 - 1 122. 9 128.3 1 34* 1 I 23. O 1 27. 8 133-0 1 23. 0 1 26. 4 130. 2 120.2 123.4 101.1 115- 9 i 6,8oq 4, 158 1 1 , 144 2.314 6,014 11,206 2,315 6, 01 7 7,236 7, 260 195 5 51,003 146. 2 II3.2 1 01 . 9 II9. 1 85.9 1 44 -5 1 1 2 .6 September 4 >H7 l i , 152 2, 2QÔ 6,017 4.117 1 0, Q02 2,248 7 * 155 6, Q83 5.883 \ / Preliminary. Table 8. Production workers in manufacturing, by major industry group, seasonally adjusted Number (In thousands) Index ( 1 9 4 7 -4 9 = 1 0 0 ) M ajor industry group MANUFACTURING....................... DURABLE GOODS.................................. Lumber and wood products (Except Primary metal i n d u s t r ies............... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transporMa chinery (except ele ctrical).......... Electrical m a c h i n e r y .................... September August July August July September 1 9 5 6 1/ 1 956 1 / 1956 1955 195 6 1/ 195 6 1 / 1956 1955 1 05. 4 106. l 102. 6 106. 2 13*032 1 3 * 123 I 2, 6g3 13*132 113. 0 113-9 107. 8 113.8 7*541 7, 600 7*197 7.598 352-9 3 4 8 -5 3 61 . 8 401.5 80 79 82 91 go. 0 107.3 1 08. 3 108. 0 go. 8 108. 0 11 0.3 107.7 91-5 670 <575 6 9 1 317 471 319 317 321 475 1,112 480 1, i og 478 73-0 93- 6 108. 7 10g. 2 108. 6 664 107.3 1 0g. g 751 1,118 112.1 114. 6 138. 2 112.1 8 73 1,2g 1 121.1 117. 1 104. 8 1 3 2. 0 12g.5 117. 0 $73 1*303 1 21 . 7 122. 2 10g. 2 1 1 2. 0 138. 2 122. 2 120. 6 1 05 -5 1 06. 3 105- 5 6.4 97 -0 9 93-9 94-2 85. 2 86.1 78. 2 1 17-3 113-5 13 9-5 September September 885 1, 200 1*245 235 237 851 1,273 885 1* 250 234 105. 8 401 404 401 402 6.5 97-2 5 *4 9 i 5 *5 2 3 5,496 5 *53 4 9 3-3 9 1 -7 1,112 104 90 947 1* 1 1 5 91 1 , 9 2.7 81.3 8 9 1 , 086 98 955 951 994 1,057 462 i t 064 468 1,068 466 1,078 555 550 173 556 549 555 212 167 214 537 548 173 330 333 344 Miscellaneous manufacturing NONDURABLE GOODS............................. Textile-mill p r o d u c t s ................... Apparel and other finished textile 9 77-5 101. 5 Paper and allied p r o d u c t s .............. Printing, publishing, and allied 102. 6 116.3 103- 5 1 15 -3 102. 2 1 1 6. 8 1 1 5 -5 1 15-7 114.2 1 08. 8 111. 7 107. 8 Rubber p r o d u c t s ........................ log. 5 93 - 0 93-0 105. 1 104. 1 gi. 2 91-5 1 / Preliminary. 84. 2 77.8 8 9 . 8 105.1 g2. 1 113.8 107-4 93 -0 108. 0 214 95- 1 331 893 559 173 9 12 1» 1 9 2 845 1,324 227 45^ 220 Historical Data Table A-l: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division (In thousands) TOTAL Mining 26,829 27,088 1,12 4 1928.. 25,569 28,128 27,770 28,505 29,539 29,691 29,710 920 1,203 1,092 1,080 1,176 1,105 1929.. 19 3 0 . . 19 3 1 .. 19 32 .. 193 3 .. 19 3 4 . . 19 3 5.. 1936.. 19 3 7.. 19 3 8 . . 31,041 29,1*3 26,383 23,377 23,1*66 25,699 26,792 28,802 30,718 28,902 1,078 1 , 000 19 3 9 . • 19 4 0 . . 1 9 4 1 .. 30,311 32,058 36,220 39,779 42,106 41,534 40,037 41,287 43,462 44,448 845 Year and month Contract con struction Transpor Finance, M anufac tation and- Wholesale insur a n c e , and'retail turing pub lie and real trade utilities estate Service and miscel laneous Govern ment Annual a v e r a g e : 1 9 1 9 .• 1920.. 1921.. 1922.. 2k,125 19 2 3 .. 192 4 .. 19 2 5.. 1926.. 19 2 7.. 19*2.. 19 4 3.. 1944.. 19 * 5 .. 1 9 * 6 .. 19 4 7 . . 19 4 8 . . 1949.. 19 5 0 . . 1 9 5 1 .. 19 5 2.. 1953.. 1954.. 19 5 5 .. 1,230 953 1,0 4 1 864 722 735 374 888 937 1,006 882 916 947 983 917 883 826 852 943 982 918 889 916 885 852 777 1,021 848 1,012 1,185 1,229 1,321 1,446 1,555 1,608 1,606 10,534 10,534 8,132 8,986 10,155 9,523 9,786 9,997 9,839 9,786 3,711 3,998 3,459 3,505 3,882 3,806 3,824 3,940 3,891 3,822 4,664 4,623 4,754 5,084 5,494 5,626 5,810 6,033 6,165 6,137 1,050 1,110 1,097 1,079 1,123 1,163 1,166 1,235 1,295 1,360 2,054 2,142 2,187 2,268 2,431 2,516 2,591 2,755 2,871 2,962 2,671 2,603 2,531 2,542 2,611 2,723 2,802 2,848 2,917 2,996 1,497 1,372 1,214 970 809 862 912 1,145 1,112 1,055 10,534 9,401 8,021 6,797 7,258 8,346 8,907 9,653 10,606 9,253 3,907 3,675 3,243 2,804 2,659 2,736 2,771 2,956 3,114 2,840 6,401 6,064 5,531 4,907 4,999 5,552 5,692 6,076 6,543 6,453 1,431 1,398 1,333 1,270 1,225 1,247 1,262 1,313 1,355 1,347 3,127 3,084 2,913 2,682 2,614 2,784 2,883 3,060 3,233 3,196 3,066 3,149 3,264 3,225 3,167 3,298 3,477 3,662 3,749 3,876 1,150 1,294 1,790 2,170 1,567 1,094 1,132 1,661 1,982 2,169 10,078 10,780 12,974 15,051 17,381 17,111 15,302 14,461 15,290 15,321 2,912 3,013 3,248 3,433 3,619 3,798 3,872 4,023 4,122 4,l4l 6,612 6,940 7,4l6 7,333 7,189 7,260 7,522 8,602 9,196 9,519 1,399 1,436 1,480 1,469 1,435 1,409 1,428 1,619 1,672 1,741 3,321 3,477 3,705 3,857 3,919 3,934 4,011 4,474 4,783 4,925 3,995 4,208 4,660 5,483 6,080 6,043 5,944 5,595 5,474 5,650 14,178 14,967 16,104 16,334 17,238 15,995 16,557 3,949 3,977 4,166 4,185 4,221 4,009 4,056 9,513 9,645 10,012 10,281 10,527 10,520 10,803 1,765 1,824 1,892 1,967 2,038 2,122 2,215 4,972 5,077 5,264 5,411 5,538 5,664 5,854 5,856 6,026 6,389 6,609 6,645 6,751 6,915 43,315 44,738 47,347 48,303 49,681 48,431 49,950 770 2,165 2,333 2,603 2,634 2,622 2,593 2,780 1955: A u gu st. . . . S e p te m b e r. O c to b e r.. . N ovem ber. . D e c e m b e r.. 50,484 50,992 51,125 51,262 51,996 779 784 778 783 783 3,088 3,094 3,031 2,921 2,756 16,820 16,919 17,006 17,052 17,027 4,136 4,148 4,121 4,139 4,161 10,713 10,902 10,990 11,213 11,849 2,265 2,248 2,241 2,238 2.243 5,996 5,971 5,915 5,883 5,853 6,687 6,926 7,043 7,033 7,324 1956: J a n u a ry .. . F e b ru ary . . M a r c h ........ 50,284 50,246 50,499 50,848 51,197 51,709 777 780 2,588 2,588 2,669 2,853 3,040 3,257 16,842 16,824 16,764 16,769 16,715 16,809 4,083 4,083 4,106 4,121 4,138 4,181 10,920 10,819 10,931 10,928 10,985 11,091 2,238 2,250 2,265 2,278 2,289 2,320 5,803 5,818 5,859 5,979 6,041 6,089 7,033 7,084 7,122 7,130 7,203 7,150 5 0 ,8 9 6 746 3,270 3,354 16,291 17,037 4,148 4,179 11,015 11,042 2,342 2,350 6,137 6,137 6,947 6,964 M a y ............ J u n e .......... J u l y .......... A u gu st.... 51,884 404803 0 - 5 6 - 3 783 790 786 812 821 1 Industry Employment Table A -2: All em ployees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry f i n thousands) All employees Industry TOTAL..................................... August 51,884 1956 July 50,896 Production workers 1955 August 50,484 August 1956 July 1955 August - - MINING................................... 821 746 779 - - - Copper m i n i n g ............................ Lead and zinc m i n i n g .................... 112.0 37.9 34.8 17.2 85.1 10.6 34.7 17.2 97.2 36.2 22.2 17.2 95.9 33.3 29.5 14.7 68.9 6.0 29.4 14.7 81.5 31.6 17.2 14.7 ANTHRACITE...................... .... 32.3 31.3 33.2 29.6 28.6 30.2 BITUMINOUS-COAL...................... 229.2 182.5 215.9 208.8 163.1 197.3 CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION.......................... 333.3 332.7 321.9 METAL MINING......................... Petroleum and natural-gas production (except contract services) ............ NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING...... CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION.................................. NONBUILDING CONSTRUCTION.............. Highway and s t r e e t ...................... Other nonbuilding construction........ BUILDING CONSTRUCTION................. GENERAL COHtRACtORS.................. SPECIAL-tRAOE COHtRACtORS............. Plumbing and h e a t i n g .................... Painting and d e c o r a t i n g ................ Electrical w o r k .......................... Other special-trade c o n tractors....... - 114.4 3,354 606 282.9 324.7 - 114.6 3,270 591 276.6 314.7 - 110.7 3,088 586 277.9 308.1 _ - - 138.0 137.6 135.9 98.1 97.9 94.9 - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - - 2,746 2,679 2,502 1,162.9 1,134.4 1,047.4 - - - 1,454.7 338.9 192.9 172.9 750.0 _ _ _ - 1,583.3 349.9 220.6 198.0 814.8 1,544.9 344.6 209.7 194.0 796.6 - - - MANUFACTURING................................ 17,037 16,391 16,820 13,250 12,514 13,264 DURABLE GOODS......................... NONDURABLE GOODS.................. .... 9,758 7,279 9,277 7,014 9,582 7,238 7,555 5,695 7,081 5,433 7,554 5,710 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES................ 129.O 130.9 138.7 78.7 81.7 92.7 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS............... 1,747.6 341.9 122.0 385.4 123.1 294.8 27.6 78.3 229.9 144.6 1,631.9 339-7 124.1 272.9 123.6 294.2 28.0 70.3 234.3 144.8 1,717.1 330.2 123.7 365.8 125.3 289.1 29.4 78.4 229.2 146.0 1,270.4 266.5 81.1 3^8.2 87.7 173.7 22.5 64.3 128.2 98.2 1,158.0 264.9 82.5 238.4 88.2 173.9 22.6 56.3 132.3 98.9 1,258.7 258.8 83.2 331.3 91.0 172.4 23.9 64.4 130.9 102.8 109.8 34.5 33.9 6.9 34.5 86.1 34.2 32.8 6.9 12.2 117.3 33.5 38.4 7.4 38.0 100.9 31.2 32.1 5.9 31.7 77.3 30.7 31.0 5.8 9.8 109.0 30.6 36.7 6.3 35.4 Meat p r o d u c t s ............................ Canning and p r e s e r v i n g .................. Grain-mill p r o d u c t s ..................... B akery p r o d u c t s .......................... S u g a r ...................................... Confectionery and related products.... B e v e r a g e s .................................. Miscellaneous food pr o d u c t s . . ......... TOBACCO MANUFACTURES..................... Tobacco stemming and re d r y i n g ......... 2 Industry Employment Table A-2: All employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued {In thousands) All employees Industry TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS..................... Scouring and combing p l a n t s ............... Narrow fabrics and s mal l w a r e s ............. Knitting m i l l s ............................... Carpets, rugs, other floor cov e r i n g s ..... Hats (except cloth and m i l l i n e r y ......... Miscellaneous textile g o o d s ............... APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS................................. Men's and boys* suits and c o a t s ........... Men's and boys' furnishings and work c l o t h i n g ..................................... 19^6 1,035.5 61.5 12.5 60.3 1,215.2 123.0 1 ,149.2 116.1 1,215.3 121.1 1 ,085.2 1 ,020.3 1 ,087.0 109.* 315.0 301.8 336.2 119.7 15.8 70.2 12.7 57.3 119.4 31*. 9 360.9 119.7 20.5 72.5 13.0 290.5 321.5 112.9 277.0 397.6 757.9 114.9 395.4 139.3 55.0 57.* PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES............................... Miscellaneous publishing and printing 441.0 48.0 6.6 25.6 111.8 5.7 109.6 414.2 24.8 197.7 70.0 39.4 10.8 49.8 104.7 120.9 **0.* 26.1 206.2 77.5 *3.9 11.7 53.* 16.2 63.O 63.0 9.1 57.* 102.8 9-5 51.4 99-3 56.3 109.1 788.0 120.7 *12.0 696.6 111.* 367.2 687.9 108.0 365.6 719.9 136.4 55.2 56.0 1*6.6 53.5 55.2 116.3 50.5 51.2 113-9 50.7 49.7 123.9 *9.3 *9.1 37*. 2 255.9 365.0 251.1 373.2 260.* 31*.* 221.* 216.6 227.1 *9.3 47.7 *5.2 39.8 38.4 36.* *0.2 38.3 *0.* 30.9 27.6 31.3 20.9 118.6 Pulp, paper, and paperboards m i l l s ....... Paperboard containers and b o x e s ........... Other paper and allied pr o d u c t s ........... 6.2 118 .T 290.8 320.* 107.0 18.2 65.8 362.6 T67.9 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................. 986.1 6.0 51.9 13.1 63.O 83.7 *9.0 11.7 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE)............................... and miscellaneous 922.0 10 ingiiat 206.7 73.1 *0.5 10.2 51.2 Miscellaneous apparel and accessories.... Other fabricated textile p r o d u c t s ........ Screens, blinds, July 28.3 217.6 80.7 18.3 Partitions, shelving, lockers, and 1,079.2 10*56 30.0 226.9 88.8 70.3 12.0 63.5 123.2 Household f u r n i t u r e ......................... Office, public-building, and professional 1,013.3 Augnit 130.7 *68.2 119.8 **8.0 29.2 226.2 127.3 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES.................... July 9*5.3 5.9 110.5 *21.6 6.k W o m e n 's, c h i l d r e n 1s under garm e n t s ........ Sawmills and planing m i l l s ................. Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated Production workers 195-5 Aiuraat 62.5 130.2 296.0 105.6 13.8 303.8 10.0 11*. 0 383.6 315.7 28.8 27.9 27.2 22.3 21.2 577.3 290.8 152.1 13*.* 567.1 285.7 558.3 277.3 1*9.3 131.7 *69.8 239.6 12*.0 106.2 460.6 235-7 120.4 104.5 *59.8 232.1 123.1 10*.6 853.0 316.0 6*.7 5*.2 222.1 62.9 848.5 315.0 64.1 55.0 220.6 5*9.6 156.* 28.* 33.9 179.3 *7.5 1*.2 37.8 543.6 15^-7 27.8 33-5 178.3 46.5 13.5 37.1 526.5 46.0 822.2 302.8 63.3 51.6 213.* 61.9 19.5 *2.9 31.1 173.3 1*6.8 1*.6 3*.* 67.2 66.8 52.1 52.2 50.8 19.2 *6.9 67.0 148.8 132.6 62.0 18.6 1*9.3 26.2 Industry Employment Table A-2? All employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In t h o u s a n d s ) All employees Industry CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS............ Industrial inorganic che m i c a l s ............ Soap, cleaning and polishing p r e p a r a t i o n s ................................ August 836.3 U O .9 320.8 96.6 1956 July 828.1 110.2 315-* 96.3 Production workers 1955 AuÄuat Auoust 1956 July 19*55 August 808.7 105.* 313.0 92.3 550.7 75.5 218.5 56.9 5*3.5 75-5 213.3 56.7 5*1.3 7*.l 217.8 55.2 51.0 76.3 8.5 30.7 38.1 103.* *9.9 75.6 8.4 31.* 37.* 103.5 50.1 75.3 8.2 29.6 38.5 96.3 30.6 *8.1 7.1 22.1 25.9 66.0 29.7 *7-2 7.1 22.7 25*2 66.1 30.3 *8.2 7.1 20.7 26.0 61.9 258.1 205.2 52.9 252.O 20*.7 *7.3 257.5 20*.2 53.3 176.1 13*.* *1.7 1696 133.6 36.0 177.5 13*. 1 *3.* RUBBER PRODUCTS......................... 270.8 117.9 23.8 129.1 268.5 118.3 23.5 126.7 272.2 117.7 21.6 132.9 210.3 89.2 19.2 101.9 208.0 90.0 18.9 99.1 21*. 7 90.8 17.2 106.7 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS............. 375.6 **.1 *.6 17.5 2*3-1 1*.8 32.3 19.2 369.2 *3.* *•5 17-2 239.6 15.8 30.0 18.7 390.3 *5.3 5.0 17.6 253 0 17.9 33.0 18.5 336.7 39-8 3.* 15.5 219.5 12.8 28.7 17.0 330.0 39.0 3-* 15.3 215.7 13.6 26.* 16.6 3*9.* *0.7 3.8 15.8 228.2 15.5 29.3 16.1 579.1 35.0 97.1 17.5 **.* 89.0 5*.5 12*. 7 20.5 566.7 33.* 92.* I6.8 *3.9 88.7 52.* 123.2 20.9 56*.* 33.5 95.5 17.3 *3.* 86.2 53.3 118.0 20.7 *84.9 31.1 81.8 1*.7 37.5 79.5 *8.1 101.9 17.8 472.9 29.8 77.6 14.0 37.0 79.1 *5.9 100.7 18.2 *75.* 30.2 81.3 1**7 36.5 77.* *7-1 97.0 18.1 96.* 95.0 96.5 72.5 70.6 73.1 1,321.5 960.9 1,301.* 1,102.7 7*3.0 1,097.* 660.2 233.7 310.0 231.6 657.0 233.2 560.5 203.3 210.6 200.9 563.9 20*.6 68.3 70.9 62.7 55.0 57.1 *9.8 13.5 13.3 12.8 10.0 9.9 9.7 11 1 .* 75.1 159.3 116.4 73.7 1*5.0 110.8 86.2 61.4 126.3 91.* 6O.3 112.8 87.6 61.5 120.3 Gum and wood c h e m i c a l s ..................... F e r t i l i z e r s .................................. Vegetable and animal oils and f a t s ....... Miscellaneous c h e m i c a l s .................... PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL........... Coke, other petro l e u m and coal products.. Leather: tanned, curried, and finished... Industrial leather belting sind packing... Boot and shoe cut stock and f i n dings..... L u g g a g e ....................................... Handbags and small leather g o o d s ......... Gloves and miscellaneous leather goods... STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS........ Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.... Glass products made of purchased glass... Structural clay p r o d u c t s ................... Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products... Cut-stone and stone p r o d u c t s .............. M iscellaneous nonmetallic mineral PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES................. Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i l l s ......................................... Primary smelting and refining of Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous m e t a l s .......................... Rolling, drawing, and alloying of Nonferrous f o u n d r i e s ........................ Miscellaneous primary metal industries... 7k.8 150.1 Industry Employment Table A-2: All em ployees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) All employees 1056 Industry Production workers 1955 1956 1955 A u gu st J u ly 1,093.0 61.2 1*1.0 1 ,056.0 61.0 137.6 1 ,111.1 64.2 150.0 863.7 53.9 111.9 825.1 53.9 108.8 893.* 56.8 122.6 118.9 31*. 6 222.6 *6.0 56.8 131.9 117.7 296.7 217.3 44.7 55-4 125.6 126.8 287.5 238.6 49.4 58.9 135.7 91.7 235.3 181.4 36.7 46.6 106.2 90.5 215.6 176.2 35.3 *5.3 99.5 99.* 216.9 199.1 39.6 1,711.7 77.5 U l .6 155.7 286.3 1,587.* 7*. 5 150.5 136.9 266.5 1,259-* 59.8 97.6 11*. 9 220.5 1,253.5 55.2 100.6 113.2 218.9 1,166.4 53.2 109.7 99.3 203.* 193.0 27*. 0 127.9 185.9 272.* 194.0 269.7 126.8 190.0 270.1 180.7 239.8 108.7 176.8 253.0 136.6 183.2 96.0 139.8 211.0 137.5 180.3 9*.9 1*3.7 209.2 127.5 159.9 83.8 131.8 197.8 1,220.3 1,194.5 1,130.3 87*. 9 85*. 3 821.6 *22.3 52.6 23.6 67.* 32.0 568.7 53.7 418.9 49.6 23-2 66.3 32.2 554.5 49.8 386.7 46.1 21.0 76.8 28.3 520.6 50.8 297.* 41.6 18.6 52.9 28.4 396.0 40.0 295.9 38.8 18.3 51.5 28.5 384.9 36.4 270.2 37.0 16.5 61.9 2*.6 373.2 38.2 Other t r ansportation e q uipment ............ 1,713.0 702.0 8l4.4 522.7 165.1 16.3 110.3 128.1 108.4 19.7 57.6 10.9 1,721-9 716.0 804.3 514.9 163.6 16.0 109.8 132.8 110.9 21.9 58.8 10.0 1,77*.6 857.9 728.8 *70.9 1*2.0 13.1 102.8 122.9 101.0 21.9 55.2 9.8 1,245.0 551.1 532.8 340.8 102.3 10.9 78.8 109.5 92.9 16.6 42.5 9.1 1,249.9 560.6 523.1 333.1 101.4 10.6 78.0 114.3 95.3 19.O 43.6 8.3 1,3*7.7 700.6 *92.5 319.7 89.7 8.7 7*.* 105.* 86.6 18.8 *1 .1 8.1 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS......... 3*1.9 336.0 322.7 233.3 228.5 22*. 5 68.3 67.3 57.9 39.1 38.5 33.8 84.8 13.6 83.7 13.7 82.1 13.7 58.7 10.3 57.7 10.4 58.3 10.5 *3-1 28.3 68.3 35.5 42.5 28.1 67.1 33.6 *0.8 25.8 66.3 36.1 30.0 22.1 44.1 29.0 29.5 22.2 *3.1 27.1 28.2 20.6 43.6 29.5 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)............................. Heating apparatus (except electric) and Fabricated structural metal products...... Metal stamping, coating, and engraving... Lighting f i x t u r e s ........................... Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.. MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)............ Engines and t u r b i n e s ........................ Agricultural machinery and t r a c t o r s ...... S pecial-industry machinery (except metalworking m a c h i n e r y )................... General industrial m a c h i n e r y .............. Office and store machines and devices.... S ervice-industry and household machines.. Miscellaneous machinery p a r t s ............. ELECTRICAL MACHINERY.................... Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and industrial apparatus.. Electrical a p p l i a n c e s ...................... Electrical equipment for v e h i c l e s ........ Communication e q u i p m e n t .................... Miscellaneous electrical p r o d u c t s ........ TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT................ Automob i l e s .................................. Aircraft and p a r t s .......................... A i r c r a f t ..................................... Aircraft propellers and p a r t s ............ Other aircraft parts and equipment...... Ship and boat building and r e pairing..... Shipbuilding and r e p a i r i n g ............... Boatbuilding and r ep a i r i n g ............... Laboratory, scientific, *and engineering Mechanical measuring and controlling Optical instruments and lenses............ Surgical, medical, and dental 1,719.6 82.0 138.* 157.8 288.2 A u gu st A u gu st J u ly A u gu st kQ.6 110.* 5 Industry Fmplovnu'nt Table A -2 : A ll employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In t h o u s a n d s ) Industry MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES... Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware.... Musical instruments and parts.......... Toys and sporting goods...»............ Pens, pencils, other office supplies.... Costume jewelry, buttons, notions..... . Fabricated plastics products..... . TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES ....... TRAHSPORTATIOH........... *.............. All employees I956 August July 498.2 *75 6 51.6 *7.8 18.2 19.3 98.8 93.5 31.2 32.5 64.2 59.9 84.6 82.* 147.2 IU2.6 *,179 *,1*8 1955 August 490.x 52.3 17.8 92.2 31.2 65.4 80.6 150.6 4,136 2,7*5 1,184.6 1,036.9 108.3 799.2 653.1 *5.1 132.4 2,717 1,172.8 1,032.9 108.8 789.2 6*6.2 *5.2 131.* 2,764 1,246.1 1,096.7 111.6 767.1 639.3 *5-5 117.3 COMMUN1CATION............................ 824 780.4 42.8 822 778.0 *2.8 774 731.0 42.4 OTHER PUBLIC UTILITIES................... Gas and electric utilities......... Electric light and power utilities..... 610 585.9 259.1 1*9.7 609 584.8 258.7 1*9 3 598 574.1 254.8 145.2 177.1 176.8 24.0 2*.0 Trucking and warehousing....... . Other transportation and services....... Air transportation (common carrier)..... Electric light and gas utilities Local utilities, not elsewhere WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE................ 11,042 Production workers 1956 19*55 Auaust July August *01.7 380.6 399.3 *0.9 38.0 *2.1 15.2 16.3 15.* 8*.l 78.2 78.5 2*.2 23.2 23.1 53.8 51.9 *8.3 6*.8 67.1 65.I 117.2 112.5 121.7 - - - _ _ - - - - - - _ - - - - - - _ - _ _ _ - - - - - - - 174.1 . _ 23.4 - - - - 11,015 10,713 2,999 2,97* 2,864 1,750.1 117.3 1,737.2 116.7 1 ,678.7 113.9 304.2 303.8 466.0 - _ - - 295.6 _ _ *63.6 438.0 _ 862.6 1,249.0 853.1 1,236.8 831.2 1 ,185.0 RETAIL TRADE............................. 8,043 General merchandise stores.............. 1,3*2.1 Department stores and general mail-order 876.2 houses........................... Other general merchandise stores....... *65.9 Food and liquor stores...... ........... 1 ,568.1 Grocery, meat, and vegetable markets.... 1 ,096.7 2*2.0 Dairy-product stores and dealers......... 229.* Other food and liquor stores.... ...... Automotive and accessories dealers...... 797.0 Apparel and accessories stores....... 537.2 3,798.5 382.0 Furniture and appliance stores......... 3*2.3 8,041 1 ,3*0.2 7,849 1,333.0 880.4 *59.8 1,575.* 1,101.7 242.7 231.0 802.3 5*5.9 3,777.1 8550 478.0 1,485.4 1 ,030.1 235.7 219.6 816.7 533.0 3,681.1 380.4 327-9 Groceries, food specialties, beer, wines, and liquors.................... Electrical goods, machinery, hardware, and plumbing equipment................ Other full-service and limited-function Wholesale distributors, other........... 6 3*0.8 - _ _ WHOLESALE TRADE......................... Wholesalers, full-service and limited- _ - - - - . - - - _ _ _ - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - P jy i oll Indexes Table A -2 I All employees and production workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry - Continued (In thousands) All employees ! Industry July 2,350 592.9 84.9 838.X 834.0 2,342 591.2 84.5 835.2 831.3 2,265 561.2 80.2 8O7.3 817.4 6,137 582.X 6,137 580.4 5,996 582.5 337.3 161.3 230.7 341.9 167.4 230.4 337.7 I59.7 239.I Aiums t FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ........... Banks and trust c o m p anies ... -..... . Security dealers and e x c hanges........... Insurance carriers and agents............ Other finance agencies and real e s t a t e . . SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS ............................ Hotels and lodging p l a c e s ................. Personal services: L a u n d r i e s .................................. Cleaning and dyeing p l a n t s ........... GOVERNMENT....................................................... FEDERAL...... *......................... STATE AND LOCAL........................ Production workers 195*5 August 1956 6,964 2,208 4,756 6,947 2,208 4,739 August 1956 Julv - - - - 1955 Auffust - _ _ _ - - - - - _ - _ - _ _ - - - _ - 6,687 - - - 2,190 4,497 _ ~ _ _ - - Table A -3! Indexes of production-worker employment and weekly payroll in manufacturing Year 1939..... 1940..... 1941..... 1942..... 1943..... 1944..... 1945..... 1946..... 1947..... 1948.... 1949..... 1950..... 1951..... 1952..... X953.... X954.... X955.... Production-worker employment Production-worker Index Number payroll index (in thousands) (1947-49 « 100) (1947-49 t= 100) 8,192 8,811 10,877 12,854 15,014 14,607 12,864 12,X05 12,795 12,715 11,597 12,317 13,155 13,144 13,833 12,589 13,053 66.2 71.2 87. 9 103.9 121.4 II 8 .I 104.0 97.9 103.4 102.8 93.8 99.6 I O 6.4 106.3 111.8 101.8 IO5.5 29.9 3*.0 *9.3 Year and month 1955 Sept.... 72.2 99.0 102.8 87.8 81.2 97.7 105.1 97.2 111.7 129.8 136.6 151.* 137.7 152.5 Production-woi"ker employment Production-worker Number Index payroll index (in thousands) (1947-49 = 100) (1947-49 = 100 ) 13,264 13,365 IO 7.2 154.6 158.6 161.1 163.8 163.7 13,440 13,487 13,451 108.1 108.7 109.0 108.7 13,260 13,212 13,125 13,114 13,036 13,078 107.2 106.8 106.1 106.0 105.4 105.7 X57.3 X58.2 12,514 13,250 10X .2 X 07.X 151.0 161 .I 1956 June.... July.... 159.1 157.7 157.9 158.2 7 Shipyards Table A-4? Employees in Government and private shipyards, by region (In thousands) 1955 1956 Region 37 A u gu st J u ly A u gu st 209.3 212.1 209.0 108.4 110.9 101.0 NAVY Y A R D S....................................................................................... 100.9 101.2 108.0 NORTH ATLANTIC................................................................... 87.4 43.2 44.2 88.0 *3.7 k k .3 88.6 41.2 47.* 36.4 16.7 19.7 36.7 16.9 19.8 36.7 15-7 21.0 24.2 25.3 23.5 51.3 1*.3 37.0 51.7 14.6 37.1 51.* 11.8 39.6 4.6 4.8 3.3 5A 5.6 5.5 ALL REGIONS ....................................................................................... SOUTH ATLANTIC................................................................... GULF: PACIFIC............................................................................... GREAT LAKES: INLAND: 1/ The North Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The South Atlantic region includes all yards bordering on the Atlantic in the following States: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The Gulf region includes all yards bordering on the Gulf of Mexico in the following States: Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. The Pacific region includes all yards in California, Oregon, and Washington. The Great Lakes region includes all yards bordering on the Great Lakes in the following States: Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The Inland region includes all other yards. .2 / Data include Curtis Bay Coast Guard Yard. 8 Government Table A-5: Government civilian employment and Federal military personnel (In thousands) Unit of Government AUS. 1956 July 1956 6,947 Au ä . 195*5 6,687 TOTAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT i/............................. 6 ,96k FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT 2/.............................. 2,208 2,208 2,190 2,181.1 1,01*6.5 5O9.8 624.8 22.1 4-3 2,182.0 1,046.2 5IO.I 625.6 21.9 4.3 2,16k.5 233.O 233.7 232.O 2II.9 89.7 8.6 113.6 20.4 •7 212.8 90.1 8.6 114.1 20.2 .7 211.5 9O .9 8.6 112.2 I9.7 .7 Post Office Department..................... DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 3/.......................... STATE AND LOCAL EMPLOYMENT......................... TOTAL MILITARY PERSONNEL 4/.............................. 1,040.0 510.2 614.2 21.6 4.1 4,756 4,739 4,497 1,255.3 3,500.6 1 ,252.6 3,486.7 1 ,172.0 3,325.0 1 ,882.2 2,873.7 1 ,877.2 2,862.1 1,741.8 2,755-2 2,827 2,839 2,974 1,013.5 908.8 674.8 200.9 28.7 1,027.3 909.0 673.6 200.5 28.7 1 ,123.8 959-8 659.1 202.0 29.O 1 / Data refer to Continental United States only. 2 / Data are prepared by the Civil Service Commission. 3 / Includes all Federal civilian employment in Washington Standard Metropolitan Area (District of Columbia and adjacent Maryland and Virginia counties). 4/ Data refer to Continental United States and elsewhere. 404803 0 - 56 -4 St ate Employment Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State (In thousands) TOTAL State 1956 Aug. 702.3 230.0 31* *3 .a/) 451.8 894.6 Connecticut.............. District of Columbia..... Idaho h/.................. Illinois.................. 500.4 944.0 964.5 146.6 3,450.8 1,389.7 650.9 550.9 Louisiana................. Maine................... Massachusetts............ Minnesota................. Mississippi.............. Missouri.................. New Hampshire U/......... New Jersey............... Nev York.................. North Carolina........... North Dakota............. Ohio...................... Oklahoma........... ...... Pennsylvania............. South Carolina........... South Dakota............. 729.* 29O.I 855.5 1 ,838.2 2,301.0 9O6.2 a/) 1 ,282.3 170.4 358.8 90.8 188.0 1 ,911.4 189.9 5,997.6 1,044.8 (l/> 3,111.0 Wyoming h/............... 680.4 231.7 316.2 669.4 213.5 313.7 4,251.4 442.2 895.7 - *,105.3 * 36.6 863.7 - 500.1 9*0.6 896.6 951.9 1**.9 3,*12.8 1,325.0 6*6.1 555.9 725.9 286.9 821.6 1 ,815.0 2,289.1 879.7 353.0 1 ,281.0 170.8 359.1 90.9 186.1 1,897.5 189.6 5,907.7 1 ,031.2 119.0 *93.3 938.7 145.6 3,389.6 1,402.2 638.4 5*9.5 712.8 28*.5 (1/) 31.7 50.8 - (3/) 7.8 4.6 4.8 32.1 11.0 3.3 19.1 36.6 45.8 .6 2.1 (3/) (3/) 7.7 (3/) 5.2 *.8 *.9 31.1 10.5 3.3 19 .* 97.7 58.5 11.0 204.7 19.4 38.6 41.9 40.9 .7 2.1 (3/) 59.3 4.9 *.7 31.7 10.7 3.2 19.3 33.7 *5.7 .6 2.1 (3/) 10.1 6.4 3.2 8.7 11.4 3.* 5.* .3 11.3 4.0 (1/) 22.1 53.5 22.0 53.9 1.5 95.* (3/) 1.4 2.5 8.8 1.4 70.9 (3/) 1.3 2.5 8.8 131.5 15.8 3,679.7 296.1 236.9 232.6 IO6.3 952.0 781.5 *69.2 1,1*8.8 9*.6 224.9 104.7 922.5 772.3 477.* 1,133.3 94.2 4.2 37.* 38.1 15.0 10.3 4.0 5,936.7 1,041.5 12*.* 853.6 2,377.5 96.1 (2/) - Au«. 38.9 12.8 (2/) - 16 .O 124.1 857.3 2,388.0 791.5 19.2 15.6 16.2 521.7 125.6 855.5 2,31*.3 484.4 1 ,158.6 11.1 13.* 6.3 1 ,880.1 180.9 496.9 957.5 11.9 15 .* 6.2 187.5 360.0 88 .9 499.0 108.2 14.2 I 5.5 5.9 (1/) I 3.7 (2/) - B.9 11.2 3.* 5.5 .3 506.7 29*.6 511.9 July 14.8 56*.5 3,529.8 Aug. 896.3 353.2 1,290.1 171 .* Contract construction 1955 Au k . 17.0 565.5 3,018.1 1956 828.4 1,790.6 2,392.7 117.3 3,096.6 561.9 298.6 517.8 See footnotes at end of table. 10 July 3,724.0 Utah...................... Virginia.................. Washington................ West Virginia............ Mining 1955 Au«. *•3 1.9 80.8 39.* _ 16.5 - 19.3 95.0 58.5 11.0 204.1 78.6 39.I 43.8 57.1 16.6 19 .O 67.9 63.7 3.3 8.6 11.8 3.1 3.8 .3 (1/) 7S .5 14.2 28.9 8.U 11.0 74.3 14.2 28.3 8.5 11.2 4.4 123.4 14.4 267.7 I23.5 14.8 13.2 11.2 4.0 1.9 21.4 53.5 1.6 51.7 (1/) 17B.2 33.8 28.8 263.5 52.4 12.3 175 .O 33.5 35.* 17.9 I 7.3 29I.* 30.4 48.9 - 18.7 97.2 5*.7 10.9 185.4 77.0 36.6 44.9 53.9 15.5 69.2 87.1 121.9 67.8 18.4 84.8 14.8 28.5 10.0 11.8 113.3 16 .O 252.8 53.* 11.1 181.7 3*.3 28.5 199.* 19.1 10.1 46.6 27.5 9.7 44.8 18.3 32.2 9-9 *9.8 171.9 171.3 168.7 18 .O 17.6 5.6 72.2 18.0 132.4 1.4 14.5 1.4 11.0 1.4 19.2 19.0 16.5 2.4 75.6 *.5 9.* 16.9 1955 Au«. 29.8 202.3 19.0 28.3 3.7 9.4 51.0 129.9 (3/) 1.2 2.4 9.2 I 3O .5 2.0 36.8 18.8 14.9 300.8 31.7 15.2 204.9 73 .O July 70.8 99.2 123.* 73.8 100.1 96.1 2.0 78.0 *.7 10.1 1956 5.7 71.8 52.1 24.8 7*.2 9.1 5.* 66.0 51.6 53.* 23.3 72.3 8.4 21.7 68.2 8.7 St ate ( mplovment Table A-6: Employees in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division and State - Continued ( In th o u 8 a n d a ) T r a n s p o r t a tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s M a n u f a c t u r in g 1C>56 S ta te Aug. D is tr ic t o f C o lu m b ia ................. I d a h o h / ........................................ I l l i n o i s ........................................ L o u i s i a n a ...................................... M a s s a c h u s e t t s .............................. M i n n e s o t a ...................................... M i s s i s s i p p i .................................. M o n t a n a .......................................... N e b r a s k a ............... . ...................... N e v a d a ....................... ................... New H a m p s h ire U / .......................... New J e r s e y ................... ................ N e v M e x ic o .................................... N o r t h C a r o l i n a ............................. N o r t h D a k o t a ................................ O h i o ............................................... O k la h o m a ........................................ P e n n s y l v a n i a ................................ R h o d e I s l a n d ............. ................. S o u t h C a r o l i n a ............................. U t a h ............................................... V i r g i n i a ........................................ W a s h in g t o n .................................... W e st V i r g i n i a .............................. W i s c o n s i n . . .................................. 1956 1955 J u ly Aug. W h o le s a le an d r e t a i l trad e J u ly A ug. 1955 1< 1955 Aug. A ug. J u ly A ug. 2*0.3 33-* 85.9 (1 /) 72.0 *27.0 6l.4 223.9 36.1 88.5 1,156.6 63.7 426.7 56.9 224.0 31.3 85.4 1,157.3 68.7 411.9 62.2 *9.* 21.* 28.* <±/) *5.5 *4.2 - 48.9 21.3 28.5 362.3 *5.7 44.1 - 49.4 20.9 29.* 3*3.* *5.3 *2.2 - 144.3 55.* 75.8 <i/> 121.4 150.0 - 143.6 55.3 75.* 957.8 120.1 151.1 - 140.5 53.7 7*.6 913.0 116.1 143.4 - 16.2 131.5 33**9 29.* 1,279.1 600.5 171.6 16.2 131.7 329.0 28.7 1,242.0 538.7 166.3 16.3 128.6 336.5 28.9 1,264.6 626.0 168.6 29.3 85.O 74.4 15.9 312.4 102.3 57.5 29.3 84.1 73.7 15.7 310.8 101.9 57.8 26.0 79.5 71.7 16.3 311.* 102.9 58.2 87.7 272.4 213.9 36.6 711.4 289.3 176.3 88.1 272.2 207.9 35.9 713.3 288.7 176.2 87.7 261.8 205.8 37.0 713.7 284.8 174.6 123.9 164.3 1*7.* 115.9 280.9 693.8 987.1 123.9 159.* 147.5 111.9 249.5 671.0 987.* 122.1 I68.9 151.3 112.5 268.1 683.8 1,104.1 64.0 56.5 83.2 21.7 73.* 118.9 15*.2 65.1 56.9 83.5 21.8 73.3 118.8 153.5 66.7 57.0 84.8 21.1 73.0 118.4 151.2 133.0 128.0 170.7 56.3 170.5 377.6 462.9 133.6 129.2 168.9 56.3 171.0 377.5 464.4 133.3 127.8 167.5 56.4 168.4 370.9 469.5 231.6 (I/) 385.8 22.2 57.9 6.1 82.* 221.7 103.6 382.7 22.0 58.4 6.0 81.2 220.5 104.6 388.5 22.1 59.6 5.3 83.4 90.6 (1 /) 127.8 22.7 41.0 9.5 10.9 88.7 24.5 127.* 22.7 *1.3 9.6 10.9 92.0 25.2 127.0 22.9 *3.1 9.8 10.8 221.1 (1 /) 31Ï.3 *1.5 96.8 19.6 33.9 220.3 84.6 315.8 41.5 96.6 19.7 33.7 220.4 85.2 317.1 42.3 96.4 19.3 33.6 813.7 19.* 1,916.6 464.6 (1 /) 1.3U0.9 90.5 796.7 19.3 1 ,820.9 450.6 7.0 1,250.3 89.8 807.3 17.8 1,925.2 464.6 6.8 1,350.8 90.4 151.7 20.0 496.9 62.1 a/> 225.6 50.8 151.6 20.1 *93.9 61.9 14.6 221.3 50.9 149.8 19.0 492.8 60.6 14.6 224.4 50.9 344.4 3*1.2 43.0 *3.5 1,282.9 1 ,29*.2 206.1 205.9 37.2 (1/) 607.8 60S.I 135.2 135.* 3*0.5 *1.8 1 ,271.8 205.5 37.6 599.2 136.1 163.8 1,488.3 131.8 227.2 12.5 295.* *7*. 5 158.6 1,328.0 127.2 222.2 12.6 293.0 464.9 162.1 1,470.1 131.1 231.* 12.0 298.9 *53.9 49.6 313.3 15.8 25.2 10.4 59.* 228.4 49.4 303.5 15.7 25.8 10.5 60.0 227.* 48.2 321.9 15.9 25.* 10.3 59.7 228.3 11*. 0 689.8 5*.9 101.5 38.3 197.2 644.5 112.* 691.7 5*.9 100.8 38.1 196.7 642.3 111.5 681.1 53.* 100.1 39.9 193.1 620.8 36.0 39.3 256.1 220.0 131.3 476.9 7.0 33.* 37.6 250.5 213.9 122.6 468.5 6.9 33.6 37.0 250.6 214.1 132.3 *67.3 7.0 23.5 8.4 89.7 70.0 51.7 78.2 13.* 23.* 8.4 89.3 69.6 51.2 78.9 13.6 23.* 8.2 85.3 65.4 50.7 78.6 15.2 55.9 20.3 214.2 178.8 85.8 238.2 21.6 55.8 20.3 214.2 177.5 86.0 238.5 21.5 53.7 20.1 20*. 0 172.9 85.7 237.0 20.6 See footnotes at end of table. 11 S tate Em ploym ent T a b le A - 6 : Em ployees in n o n ag ric u ltu ral « t a b l it h i M n t i , b y industry divisio n a n d S tate - C o ntinued State (In thousand») Finance, insurance, and real estate Aug. 25.7 9.1 C a l i f o r n i a ....................... 10.1 (i/) 20.5 47.6 District o f Columbia 5/...... F l o r i d a .......................... Idaho V ........................ Kent u c k y ......................... Louisiana..................... Maryland 5/................... Ma ssachusetts................... M i c h i g a n ......................... 25.2 50.0 37.8 *•7 O h i o .............................. O k l a h o m a .................. ....... Pennsylvania.................. Rhode I s l a n d .................... 25.2 *9.8 37.5 *.7 24.6 8.5 9.8 187.8 19.3 *5.9 - *.6 175.7 *8 .* 28.8 8.1 38.6 89.8 63.9 5.8 20.3 2.5 5.9 80.3 6.3 ** 6.1 33.7 0 /) 105.2 22.9 18 .* 138.5 13 .O *2.8 10.3 6*.l 5.7 20.3 2.5 5.9 80.2 6.3 **3.8 33.8 5.0 IO5.5 22.9 18.0 138.7 12.9 1*.6 1*.6 *.9 *.9 29.3 9.8 **.3 3* «8 111.0 9.7 **.3 3* .7 12.1 *1.0 12.1 * 1 .1 2.3 2.3 d/i 64.2 93.0 - 66.2 8.5 *0.6 93.* 76.9 76.8 35.3 138.7 92.I 19.9 30.2 62.5 28.2 2*.8 20.2 19.5 26.1 19.* 26.3 8.4 *0.7 93.2 50o* Aug. *7.5 35.7 20.1 29.1 111 .* U t a h .............................. 25.5 9.1 9.9 202.9 20.5 *7.6 - 178.2 fS/) New Hampshire h/ ............... Jul y 1955 Aug. 178.1 50.2 30.1 *3.0 M o n t a n a .......................... 195b 19.1 24.8 73.3 * 2.0 10.0 64.4 5.2 19.7 2.3 5.7 79.* 6.3 *36.9 31.6 *.9 102.7 21.6 Service and miscellaneous 17.9 401.7 106.9 1956 July 62.2 28.3 35.3 550.1 64.3 93.2 - 66.7 139A 92.0 17.7 399.2 107.2 Government 1955 Aug. 128.5 127.6 122.6 47.8 34.9 520.7 60.7 57.3 47.* 57.5 *1.3 56.O 653.6 8I.I 80.7 90.6 - 90.7 95.7 II5.2 40.9 117.6 228.4 244.5 91.8 96.0 115.7 * 1 .1 II7.5 228.8 246.6 93.9 IIO .7 40.4 II6.8 225.I 239.8 134.5 (l/> I 52.I 31.3 133.5 72 .I 130.3 69.2 65.4 24.0 23.8 200.6 23.6 842.2 92.7 (i/) 302.0 61.5 72.6 78.9 29.8 92.2 223.5 217.6 102.5 37.8 104.3 37.3 155.5 21.6 150.9 44.8 24.1 23.O 201.9 23.6 848.0 92.9 21.7 44.6 24.8 196.3 31.7 65.9 15.1 19.9 19*.9 * 6.5 733.1 129.5 60.8 117.3 116.0 55.9 393.5 29.4 40.0 383.9 35.6 79.1 71.9 341.9 72.3 385.3 35.* 79.3 29.5 126.7 3**.* 51.7 15.4 51.7 15 .* 16.6 16.7 16.6 94.3 283.9 94.3 283.8 93.0 277.7 26.2 26.5 25.6 14.2 99.8 13.7 97.2 * 1.8 3*.6 11.7 39.* 2.4 152.5 15.1 291.I 40.5 14.2 99.3 90.3 42.5 118.3 14.3 46.5 733.9 130.I 255.3 160.7 1 *8 .* 26.5 15.2 301.8 62.1 13.9 9.3 3*2 65.4 15.2 194.4 22.8 832.2 92.2 58.4 412.3 29.4 40.4 5.0 28.5 IO5.9 26.3 19.8 58.7 409.9 28.5 148.3 22.8 17.5 133.8 12.7 89.1 42.2 118.2 14.0 13.6 333.5 1*8.7 98.7 57.2 45.0 82.1 1*.6 331.4 148.7 97.7 67.5 81.4 21.5 14.6 83.* 385.8 IO6 .I 17.8 58.2 102.7 (1 /) 155.0 682.0 256.4 160.9 58.2 68.1 81.5 29.8 226.2 228.7 0/> 82.8 82.2 66.5 128.9 89.7 74.6 30.1 96.8 226.3 226.9 1955 Aug. 6I .8 26.5 75.1 96.5 _ 1956 Aug. July (I/) 332.9 29.0 126.5 25.9 33*. 5 253.3 1*7.9 I39.8 25.2 32I .8 1*6.4 95.8 86.0 148.8 30.6 a .9 13.6 19.1 191.0 44.0 713.9 129.6 25.5 325.3 114.3 70.3 380.8 35.3 77.5 29.6 123.3 328.5 50.3 162.9 162.7 15.5 161 .I 42.8 114.7 58.2 127.2 13.8 123.6 18.3 58.8 127.6 18.5 87.8 143.5 1*3.1 141.7 56.9 17.1 1 / Not a v a ila b le . 2 / Mining combined with con stru ction , Mining combined with s e r v ic e . 4 / Revised s e r ie s ; not s t r i c t l y comparable with previously published data. Federal employment in Maryland and V irg in ia portions o f Washington, D. C ., M etropolitan area included in data fo r D is t r ic t o f Columbia. 12 _ Arej Employment T ab le A -7 : Em ployees in n o n a g ric u ltu ra l establishm ents fo r selected areas, b y industry division (In thousands) Ar e a a nd industry division ALABAMA Birmingham T o t a l ..................... M i n i n g .................... C o n tract c o n s t r u c t i o n . .. M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ T r a n s . and p u b . u t i l .... T r a d e ..................... F i n a n c e ................... S e r v i c e ................... Number of employees 1 <*56 Au k . Jul y Aug. A r e a an d industry division 195.1 9.* 182.2 12.6 7.2 12.4 62.7 1 6.4 *5.1 52.1 16.3 45.2 11.6 20.9 16.5 11.6 21.0 16.5 86.3 85.4 4.7 19.5 4.8 19.9 C o n tract construction... M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ T r a n s . and p u b . u t i l .... T r a d e ..................... F i n a n c e ................... 18.2 Number of employees 1955 .. ... 1956 .. Aug. July Au k . 18.0 3.3 3.3 8.8 21.8 111.0 .2 10.2 112.8 .2 10.0 17.* 9.9 31.9 6.3 13.* 21.7 19.9 9.8 Tucs o n T o t a l ..................... M i n i n g .................... Cont r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . .. M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ T r a n s . and p u b . u t i l .... 51.2 2.1 5.7 9.1 5.1 10.8 1.6 7.5 9.3 176.6 6.3 12.1 49.8 Contract co n s t r u c t i o n . .. M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ Trans, and pub. util.... Contr a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n . .. 5.8 12.2 Trans, and pub. util.... 7.6 17.5 *.7 9.7 12.8 31.8 6.3 13.* 21.4 50.8 2.1 5.6 9-1 5.1 10.7 1.6 7.5 9.1 70.2 5.6 12.3 7.7 17.5 *.7 10.0 12.7 15.1 133> 689.9 209.1 131.1 .5 125.3 14.4 14.3 G o v e r n m e n t ............... (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) 49.2 46.6 S a n BernardinoRiverside-Ontario M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ 28.3 27.9 28.3 (2/) (2/> (!/) (2/) (2/) (2/) 203.2 .2 185.2 .2 42.9 8.3 24.8 *3.7 41.6 7.2 24.8 41.6 (2/) 903.0 1.5 58.7 187.9 104.4 900.0 G o v e r n m e n t ............... 16.2 81.8 *.5 17.5 10.1 17.* 3.2 8.7 20.5 103.2 .1 9.2 17.* 9.6 30.5 5.8 12.8 17.8 45.2 1.9 4.2 7.* 5.0 10.3 1.6 6.8 8.0 C ontract c o n s t r u c t i o n . .. M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ Trans, and pub. util.... 11.2 12.9 26.7 *.7 11.5 127.6 *30.7 92.5 16.0 .6 10.5 12.8 25.3 *.3 10.9 Sa n Di e g o Contract c o n s t r u c t i o n . .. M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ T r a n s . and p u b . u t i l .... G o v e r n m e n t ............... (2/) (2/) (2/) 14.0 58.2 11 .1 13.1 45.8 10.9 S a n F rancisco-Oakland Contract co n s t r u c t i o n . .. Trans, and pub. util.... W ) (2/) (2/) (2/) (£/) 206.6 (2/) (2/) (2/) 58.9 114.4 (I/) 126.6 .1 170.6 1.4 64.6 195.* 101.5 201.6 57.1 110.7 167.7 69.5 6.6 11.9 7.8 17.1 4.6 9.7 11.8 S a n Jose Contract co n s t r u c t i o n . .. M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ T r a n s . and p u b . u t i l .... W ,\ (2/) (2/) (2/) 10.9 43.2 8.5 24.7 5.5 16.2 17.* 1 , 963.9 265.6 11.0 (2/) C A L IFORNIA Fre s n o S e e footnotes at e n d of taljle. 15.0 138.6 219.0 44.7 ARKANSAS Little RockN. Litt l e R o c k 70.1 2,034.4 706.9 133.9 446.3 99.1 275.6 16.3 20.4 (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (2/) (£/) (2/) S acramento 8.8 21.7 _ Los Ange l e s - L o n g Beach Mobi l e ARIZONA Phoe n i x T o t a l ..................... M i n i n g .................... Con t r a c t construction... M a n u f a c t u r i n g ............ T r a n s . and p u b . u t i l .... 1955 14.6 8ft 17.5 125.3 .1 10.9 46.7 8.1 23.1 5.5 15.1 15.8 Arca Employment Tab le A -7 : Em ployees in n o n ag ric u ltu ral establishm ents fo r selected areas, b y industry division - C ontinued A r e a and industry division CALIFORNIA - Continued Stockton Manufacturing....... COLORADO Denver Total................. Mining.............. Contract construction, Manufacturing....... . Trans, and pub. util., Trade................. Finance............. . Service..... ........ . Government.......... . (In thousands) Number of employees A r e a and Industry T 95F ~m 5~ division Aug. July Aug. 17.6 12.6 262.6 261.6 2.3 46.8 20.6 2.3 20.9 46.1 28.9 28.9 71.7 l*-7 36.5 41.1 71-1 l*-5 36.8 41.0 16.5 251.9 2.3 19.8 44.4 28.4 69.7 13.6 35.0 38.7 CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Total................... Contract construction 1/ Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service................ Government............. Hartford Total.................... Contract construction l/ Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service................. Government.... •........ New Britain Total................... Contract construction l/ Manufac tur ing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... , Trade. . . . ............. Finance................. Service......... . ...... Government............. New Haven Total................... Contract construction 1/ Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service................ Government............. 125.O 119.8 r69.5 6*3 18.8 6.3 73.5 5.8 19 .O 2.8 2.8 2.6 9.5 9.5 9.5 7.7 124.2 6.4 72.9 5.8 8.0 8.1 202.8 10.8 204.9 78.1 7.8 38.4 7?:3 39.5 28.6 28.1 20.6 20.8 18.4 18.5 *3.1 1.5 28.3 2.1 5 .* .7 2.7 2.4 124.2 7*1 *7*2 12.6 23 •7 6.7 17*8 9 •0 See footnotes at e n d of table. 14 10.8 43.6 1.5 28.9 5.7 Waterbury T otal Contract construction 1/ Manuf ac tur ing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service................. Government............. DELAWARE Wilmington Manufacturing. 195.2 9.8 73.1 7.7 38.1 28.1 20.5 18.0 *1.3 1.3 26.9 2.0 5.3 .7 2.7 2.3 5.2 .7 2.6 2.5 123.2 118.6 6.9 46.2 6.7 44.9 12.6 12.1 23.9 6.7 22.5 6.4 9.1 17.2 8.8 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington Total............... Contract construction Manufac tur ing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Finance............ .' Service l / .......... Government.......... FLORIDA Jacksonville Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service l / ............. Government............. Miami Total................... Contract construction... Manuf ac tur ing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................ Service 1 / ............. Government............. July 1555".. Aug. 50.8 50.8 20.6 20.5 *9.3 4.1 19.7 2.9 9.8 1.7 2.9 9.9 1.7 1.8 4.2 4.1 8.0 8.0 3.7 3.7 68.5 2.2 68.0 2.2 2.8 9.6 7.7 3.6 *3.3 2.7 9.7 1.4 *.3 4.8 43.0 64.6 2.3 40.1 2.6 9.6 1.4 4.4 4.8 2.6 4.9 57.0 53.9 59.8 645.5 47.0 27.2 *3.6 645.4 46.9 27.2 43.6 635.2 46.4 128.1 128.8 36.3 90.0 36.3 90.4 273.3 272.2 269.4 124.8 125.8 9.6 120.1 9.5 20.4 14.4 37.0 18.6 2.1 17.8 Stamford Total................... Contract construction 1/ Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance........ ........ Service.......... ...... Government............. 1956 Aug. 19.1 14.4 37.2 10.6 15.* 18.6 244.0 26.0 29.0 31.9 73.1 14.8 *5.7 23.6 10.7 15 .* 18.6 242.8 24.8 28.7 31.6 73.6 14.8 *5.9 23.5 9.3 1.3 4.2 26.7 39.8 128.4 35.7 88.8 9.2 20.3 13.7 35.1 10.3 14.3 17.* 226.5 26.0 26.7 28.9 68.3 13.6 41.2 22.0 A re a Em ploym ent Tab le A -7 : Em ployees in n o n ag ric u ltu ral establishments» fo r selected areas, by industry division - C ontinued (In thousands) Area and industry division Number of employees 195é 1955 Aug. Aug. July FLORIDA - Continued Tampa-St. Petersburg Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. 11.8 11.8 10.6 44.9 7.2 17.9 *1.9 17.6 16.7 330.9 20.7 328.0 88.0 85.8 3*.8 Government............. Savannah Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Service 129.2 45.2 7.2 17.9 17.4 Government............. GEORGIA Atlanta Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... 14.8 24.0 137.8 14.6 24.0 138.2 ............. 35.1 86.4 23.3 40.8 36.6 53.7 3.6 14.8 7.0 13.1 21.4 13.* 23.1 17.1 321.9 20.7 89.2 33.1 83.1 22.2 53.1 3.5 14.4 51.8 6.9 1.6 1.6 7.0 6.9 6.6 6.6 38.9 3*.7 3.2 1*.5 6.6 12.6 1.6 7.0 6.3 IDAHO Boise 3/ Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Government............. 21.8 21.5 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.5 6.6 6.6 22.0 2.0 2.0 1.4 3.2 *.3 ILLINOIS Chicago 2,593.1 3.8 Mining.................. Contract construction... 140.4 Manufacturing.......... 1 ,020.8 Trans, and pub. util.... 226.9 524.7 147.8 311.5 Government............. 217.3 Rockford Total l/............... Contract construction!./ 7**5 *.5 1.4 3.2 *.3 2j,51*.0 3.8 138.7 9*1.9 224.9 527.1 148.6 309.2 219.9 7*.7 *.5 Rockford - Continued Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade jJ ............ Finance............. Service............. Government.......... Number of employe es 1956 w Aug« _Aufe. July *2.3 1*2.4 2.8 12.1 2.6 6.6 2.8 12.1 2.6 6.6 3.8 3.8 *1.5 2.7 12.2 2.5 6.7 3.5 6.6 85.9 23.1 40.7 36.3 13.2 Area and industry division 1.9 2.3 6.7 1.3 3.1 4.2 INDIANA Evansville Total............... Mining.............. Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Finance............. Service */.......... Fort Wayne Total............... Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Finance............. Service 5 / .......... Indianapolis Total............... Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Finance............. Service * / .......... South Bend Total............... Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Finance............. Service 5J .......... 74.8 1.7 67.6 1.6 70.2 *•5 1.7 4.4 26.9 30.0 14.8 *.9 34.0 5.0 14.7 2.2 2.2 12.3 15.0 2.2 12.6 *.9 12.7 79.6 3.6 *.3 80.3 3.3 37.5 80.0 3.6 36.8 7.2 17.4 3.7 11.3 17.3 3.5 11.3 290.3 14.8 288.3 291.3 110.1 109.0 21.9 64.3 17.* 21.9 64.0 17.4 61.8 61.5 61.4 80.2 79.7 3.7 39.1 84.9 4.4 *3.3 15.3 3.5 13.* 15.5 3.5 13.3 98.3 6.4 97.8 96.1 23.6 8.1 26.0 10.5 12.2 23.5 36.2 7.3 17.5 3.7 11.3 3.7 39.2 4.8 15.* 3.6 13.5 14.5 *.7 2,5* 1.0 7.* 15.* 110.5 22.5 64.5 17.0 4.9 3.6 126.2 1,000.5 227.9 525.3 144.8 300.0 212.8 73.3 *.3 IOWA Des Moines Total............... Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Finance............. Service 1 /.......... Government.......... 11.5 6.2 8.0 26.1 10.5 12.2 11.4 5.6 22.9 7.8 26.2 10.2 12.4 11.0 See footnotes at end of tat>le. 11 Area Employment Tab le A -7 : Em ployees in n o n ag ric u ltu ral establishm ents fo r selected areas, b y industry division - C ontinued (in thousands) Number of employees 1956 1955 Aug. Aup. July Area and industry division KANSAS Topeka 3/ Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Service................. Wichita Total................... Contract construction... *9.2 .2 *•3 6.4 7.6 9.8 2.4 49.1 .2 4.4 6.4 7.6 9.8 2.4 6.0 12.6 6.0 47.2 .2 3.3 6.3 7.6 9.6 2.4 5.8 12.5 12.2 7.7 123.3 1.7 7.9 51.9 7.6 119.9 1.7 8.7 48.8 7.6 26.1 26.0 26.5 123.0 1.7 7-k 52.0 Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... 4.6 12.4 11.3 Government............. 4.6 12.4 11.3 4.8 11.9 10.0 KENTUCKY Louisville Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Finance................. 245.9 14.2 98.5 23.3 53.3 9.9 24.6 246.2 14.4 98.7 247.3 23.2 22.1 22.2 22.3 52.4 9.9 23.8 22.3 LOUISIANA Baton Rouge Total................... Mining.................. Contract construction... 62.8 10.0 24.7 62.8 4.0 .4 6.9 19.3 4.2 12.6 2.2 6.1 12.6 2.1 6.0 11.3 11.3 .4 7.0 19.2 Trans. and pub. util.... 53.0 16.2 100.4 60.6 .4 5.7 19.5 4.1 12.4 2.1 5.7 10.7 Area and Industry division MAINE Levi 8ton Total..... ....... Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade.............. Finance............. . Service 1 / ........... Government........... Portland Total................. Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service 1 /........... Government............ MARYLAND Baltimore Total................. Mining................ Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service.............. Government........... MASSACHUSETTS Boaton Total................. Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service 1_/............ Government........... Fall River Total........ Manufacturing. Trans, and pub util Trade........ G o v e r n m e n t .... Other nanmanufacturing New Orleans Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... 271.7 5.5 270.2 270.0 5.5 16.2 50.9 47.0 15.2 51.0 46.9 68.7 5.8 17.9 50.5 *5.1 67.9 38.2 31.6 37.* 32.3 69.3 13.1 Government............. 38.2 31.7 See footnotes at e n d of table. 16 13.2 13.2 Nev Bedford Total................. Contract construction., Manufacturing........ . Trans, and pub. util.., Trade................. Government........... Other nanmanufacturing Number of employees 1956 Aug. July 29.1 28.6 1.6 1.7 15.3 14.9 1.1 1.1 5A 28.9 1.5 15.6 1.1 3.7 3.7 5.3 .7 3.7 1 .1 1.1 1.0 55.3 4.4 14.1 6.5 14.9 3.6 8.4 55.3 *.3 l*.3 6.5 53.9 4.0 13.3 6.5 14.9 15.0 3.5 8.4 3.* 8.3 3A .8 3A 5.* 1955__ Aug. .8 3A 591.9 565.1 .8 .8 .8 44.2 196.5 55.3 110.9 29.3 48.0 570.5 55.* *5.* 183.3 55.0 110.6 111.4 30.5 64.8 73.7 30.4 65.3 73.5 985.9 59.3 978.2 58.5 289.3 283.3 79.2 222.4 952.5 50.9 279.7 79.3 214.6 68.2 132.8 133.8 66.0 129.2 132.8 45.6 2.7 7.7 3.1 6.3 42.9 23.1 2.7 7.6 3.1 6.4 *9.3 46.8 50.3 1.7 208.1 79.0 224.4 67.9 132.4 133.6 46.7 26.9 1.8 26.7 2.3 8.5 3.6 6.4 1.8 62.6 70.9 25.9 2.7 7.6 3.1 6.3 24.0 2.3 27.8 2.1 8.6 8.7 3.6 6.4 3.6 6.5 A re a Em ploym ent Tab le A -7 : Em ployees in n o n ag ric u ltu ral establishm ents fo r selected areas, b y industry division - C o ntinued (in thousands) Area and industry division MASSACHUSETTS - Continued Springfield-Holyoke Total................. Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Number of employees 1955 1 •56 July Aug. Aug. 15*. 8 7.0 67.5 9.0 30.9 7.1 l*o9 18.* 153.6 6.9 103.0 3.6 * 9.3 A r e a and industry division I 55.I 6.3 66.3 69.1 9.0 8.7 30.9 30.0 15.0 180k 15.1 19.2 99.7 3.7 *5 .6 5*3 101.8 7.1 6.7 Minneapolis-St. Paul Total................ Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade................ Finance.............. Service 1/.......... Government.......... Au k . 195 (d July *97.* 33.9 146.3 50.8 122.2 31.7 57.0 55.* *9*. 3 33.1 143.8 51.0 122.1 31.6 57.3 55.* 1955 __ Aug. *462.0 32.O 138.2 5I .2 119.* 3I.O 55.7 5*.* Worcester Contract construction... Trans, and pub. util.... 5.* 19.5 Service *.5 9.* 11.3 \J............. MICHIGAN Detroit 1 ,226.5 , -9 67.0 C ontract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util..,. Trade................... Finance................. Service..... ........... Government........... 527.* 81.8 2*6 .1 19.8 *•5 9.5 11*3 3.1 *9.* 5.1 19.3 4« 2 9.5 11.2 1,225.5 1,286.3 63.4 531.5 65.9 60*. 9 79.8 250.if 81.0 250.5 .8 110.7 137.9 111.0 47.0 129.1 108.3 71.7 72.0 86.8 53.5 52.3 52.4 *9.1 1 *1 .* Flint Manufacturing.......... *9.3 MISSISSIPPI Jackson Total. Mining................ Contract construction. Manuf ac tur ing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service.............. Government........... MISSOURI Kansas City Total................. Mining................ Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service.............. Government........... 55.8 .8 55-7 .8 4.2 10.4 10.2 15.3 15.3 k.6 3.6 7.3 9.8 3*7.6 .6 20.3 95.7 44.1 93.* *.5 4.6 3.6 7.3 9.7 53.5 .7 5.0 9.6 *.* l*.5 3.* 6.8 9.2 3*7.* 35*.* 20.5 95.0 21.3 .8 kh.2 93.* .8 101.2 *5.0 9*.l 21.3 *0.1 21.1 1*0.6 31.6 21.1 *0.7 31.7 719.9 2.6 721.8 44.2 44.6 273.0 69.2 153.I 271.3 69.1 155.0 36.6 82.3 60.3 153.9 36.0 80.I 60.0 19.5 1.9 19 .* 2.0 6.0 6.0 30.6 Gra n d Eapids Manufacturing........ L ans i n g 25.7 26.0 32.1 25.9 26.3 28.8 2*. 0 23.8 27.8 MINNESOTA Duluth Total................... kl.2 42.5 Con t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n ... 2.7 37.5 2.7 Muskegon Saginav Manufac tur ing........... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service \] ............. G o v e r n m e n t ............... See footnotes at e n d of talble. 404803 0 - 5 6 - 5 10.6 5.0 10.6 1.8 6.5 *.1 St. Louis 3/ Total. Mining................ Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service....... ....... Government........... 36.5 81.3 60.0 2.6 725.5 2.6 *8.1 275.5 69.3 MONTANA 2.2 7.3 k.6 9.9 7.7 10.6 1.8 6.5 11.0 1.8 6.1 lui 4.0 Great Falls Total............... Contract construction Manufac tur ing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Service 6/.......... Government.......... 19.* 2.0 3.0 2.4 5.8 3.7 2.5 3.0 2.4 3.7 2.5 3.1 2.5 3.5 2.3 Area Employment T ab le A -7 : Em ployees in n o n ag ricu ltu ral establishm ents fo r selected areas, b y industry division - C o ntinued (In thousands) A r e a and industry division NEBRASKA Omaha Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service 1/............. Government............. NEVADA Reno Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing 1 / ....... Trans, and pubT util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service................. Government............. NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester jJ Total. Contract construction. Manufacturing......... Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service....... ....... Government........... NEW JERSEY Nevark-Jersey City jJ Total................. Mining................ Contract construction.. Manufac turlng......... Trans, and pub. util... Trade................. Finance............... Service............... Government............ Paterson 7 / Total................. Mining................ Cpntract construction.. Manufacturing......... Trans, and pub. util... Trade.................. Finance............... Service............... Government............ Perth Amboy 7/ Total.............. . Mining.................. Contract construction... Number of employees I?y> I 19» Aug. _Aug. July 148*5 148.9 148.3 8.6 32.2 23.6 36.8 12.1 8.2 8.1 32.7 32.4 24.8 36.9 11.9 19.6 14.5 19.9 15.1 27.4 2.3 1.9 3.7 36.9 12.2 20.0 15.0 27.3 2.2 2.0 3.7 6.5 6.6 1.0 8.0 1.0 8.0 3.9 3.9 41.6 2.3 19.1 2.8 8.0 2.0 *•5 2.9 832.9 .2 31.* 41.4 2.3 18.8 2.8 8.1 2.0 *.5 2.9 828.8 .2 32.0 361.2 86.3 26.4 2.5 2.0 3.7 6.2 .9 7.5 3.6 41.8 2.5 19.8 2.8 7.7 1.9 *.3 2.7 826.5 .2 82.8 139.9 *7*3 83.3 31.2 367.3 84.6 139.6 47.1 79.9 78.9 78.6 76.6 379.6 378.5 365.9 2.1 2.1 25.2 23.4 367.0 86.2 138.6 47.8 26.3 178.1 22.2 62.4 12.6 177.2 22.2 63.0 12.8 1.8 172.2 21.8 61.8 12.3 3*.* 38.6 37.6 38.4 158.6 157.* 151.5 .8 8.5 .8 .6 8.5 7.3 37.3 See footnotes at e n d of table. 18 23.8 38.2 Area and Industry division Perth Amboy-Continued Manufacturing......... Trans. and pub. util... Trade.................. Finance............... Service................ Government............ Trenton Total................. Mining............... Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service.............. Government........... Auß- K >5$ July 1955 Aug. 84.9 9.3 21.7 2.8 9.9 20.7 83.9 9.3 21.7 2.7 9.8 20.7 81.3 8.9 21.6 2.6 9.3 19.9 93.6 .1 4.2 39.* 92.5 .1 *•5 37.8 7.0 95.1 .1 4.1 41.4 6.7 15.3 7.0 15.1 2.9 15.2 2.8 9.* 15.5 2.9 9.7 15.3 9.3 15.* 61.0 61.2 5.2 58.5 6.1 5.3 15.5 3.7 5.5 10.5 5.3 15 .* 3.7 8.1 12.6 8.2 12.6 210.1 8.2 207.2 8.0 77.8 75.2 7.6 75.9 16.7 16.5 16.6 39.8 7.1 39.8 7.1 39.6 7.2 22.3 38.1 22.5 38.1 22.2 38.6 78.2 78.0 76.0 3.2 41.7 3.9 13.9 3.1 *1.5 3.9 13.9 2.0 6.1 2.0 6.1 7.* 7.* 2.9 40.1 4.0 14.1 1.9 5.9 7.1 *50.7 25.1 204.0 37.7 85.9 14.2 46.0 37.8 424.7 23.9 NEW MEXICO Albuquerque Total............ Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service l/........... Government........... NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Total.................. Contract construction.. Manufacturing......... Trans. and pub. util... Trade.................. Finance................ Service 1/............ Government............ Binghamton Total................. Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service 1 / ........... Government........... Buffalo Total................. Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service 1 / ........... Government........... 10.6 180.6 36.0 86.1 14.1 46.3 37.8 9.9 5.2 15.2 3.6 7.* U.l 207.8 448.5 22.7 206.5 37.3 85.8 14.2 * 6.3 35.7 Arc.) fm pk'vm ent T a b l « A- 7 : E m p l o y « « * in nonagricultural «stablishm«nts, for selected areas, b y industry division - C o n t i n u e d (In thousands) Number of employees 1956 1955 Aug. Aug. July Area and industry division HEW YORK - Continued Elmira Total................... Trade................... Other nonmanufacturing.. Nassau and Suffolk Counties 7/ Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Finance................. 33.7 17.1 6.4 10.2 . . . . . . . . 332.3 31.5 98.8 21.1 70.8 10.5 48 .7 «50 9 613.1 New York City 7/ Total................... 3,501.5 1.7 Mining.................. 120.3 Contract construction... 946.4 Manufacturing.......... 323.1 Trans, and pub. util.... 791.* Trade................... 360.4 Finance................. 563.7 Service................. (Tnv«k-m«nnt. . . . 39*.* Rochester Total................... Contract construction... Manufact.urlTiff........ .. Trans, and pub. util.... Trade.. . ..... ....... Finance................. Service 1/ ............. Government............. Syracuse Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trane, and pub. util.... Traci©................... Finance................. Service 1/ .............. Government............. 33.8 17.0 6.5 10.2 Utica-Rame Total................... Contract construction... Trans, and pub. util.... Finance................. Service l / ............. Government............. New York-Northeastern New Jersey Total................... 5,427.0 6.4 Mining.................. Contract construction... 238.3 Manufacturing.......... 1,735-0 478.4 Trans, and pub. util.... Trade.... ............ 1,131.7 TinAncA . . . . .. . ... 446.8 Service. ........... ... 777.3 . . 3*.2 17.3 6.5 10.4 Area and industry division (2/) (2/) (2/) (£/) (\Z2ZJ/)f (2/) (2/) (2/) 328.7 31.8 97.2 20.9 70.8 10.5 46.8 *50.7 5,370.6 6.5 235.8 1,670.9 *76.3 1 ,1**.3 444.3 781.3 611.2 21.0 66.^ 10.5 4*5.2 46.6 5,379.* 6.1 227.8 1 ,750.6 474.3 1 ,126.9 438.6 759.3 595.8 3,*57.0 3,503.1 1.8 118.6 1.8 892.5 321.8 801.2 358.6 568.9 393.6 221.4 11.3 112.6 10.1 38.3 7.0 23.3 19.0 148.4 143.8 8.8 60.8 10.8 31.0 6.6 16.1 8.1 14.4 318.1 32.9 95.6 57.0 10.8 31.0 6.6 16.0 1*.3 112.5 97*. 1 323.2 791.6 355.0 558.3 386.6 219.1 Westchester County 7 / Contract construction... Trans, and pub. util.... Finance................. Service l/.............. Government............. Number of erniiloyees 1956 1955 Au*. Aug. July 102.7 4.2 44.6 5.2 102.0 4.6 43.4 5-3 16.2 16.1 3.3 9.0 20.2 3*3 9.1 20.2 192.0 17.6 190.2 17.0 48.5 14.9 43.1 32.9 23.3 47.8 14.1 44.0 11.4 33.0 22.9 87.1 86.6 5.3 22.7 5.3 22.4 10.2 26.0 10.1 26.0 11.7 95.9 3.3 41.0 5.3 15.7 3.2 9.0 18.5 185.4 17.8 49.1 13.2 42.6 10.3 30.6 21.8 NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte 5.7 5.6 10.7 6.5 10.7 6.5 84.0 5.2 21.9 9.7 25.^ 5.6 10.4 5.9 Greensboro-High Point Manufacturing.......... 42.2 *1.7 40.9 Winston-Salem Manufacturing.......... 36.7 3*.0 35.* (2/) (£/) 21.6 21.2 2.3 2.5 WX W,\ 2.2 2.1 Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Finance................. Service 1 / . ............. Government............. NORTH DAKOTA Fargo Total................... Contract construction... Manufac turing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... 2.4 7.2 (2/) (2/) (2/) 1.6 2.3 7.2 1.5 2.9 3.0 2.8 2.8 OHIO Akron Manufacturing.......... 93.8 93.1 90.7 Canton Manufacturing.......... 64.6 51.1 64.4 30.3 10.9 Cincinnati Manufacturing.......... 164.2 163.5 162.9 6.2 16.0 13.2 Cleveland Manufacturing.......... 311.0 294.7 310.3 11.2 112.3 9.9 38.O Finance................. Service 1/.............. Government........ . 6.8 22.4 18.5 141.6 7.0 57.5 See footnotes at end of table. 19 Area Employment T a b l e A -7: E m p l o y e e s in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, b y industry division - C o n t i n u e d Area and Industry division (in thousands) Number of employees 1 <95Ö Aug. 1955 July Aug. 63.3 Lancaster Manufacturing.......... 46.0 45.6 46.6 70.0 117.2 Philadelphia Manufacturing.......... 5**. 5 526.5 5*5.3 817.6 700.1 802.8 18.0 * 5.9 Dayton Manufacturing................... 98.1 98.4 Toledo Manufacturing......... . 58.3 104.3 143.8 7.7 10.8 15.9 11.6 37.6 1*3.5 7.7 8.1 8.1 17.5 3*.6 17.5 3*.3 129.3 12.6 128.0 12.6 9.9 3*.* 9.6 33.5 11.0 15.8 11.4 37.6 141.8 7.7 11.2 16.2 11.6 37.2 7.9 17.3 32.8 Tulsa 13.8 Finance.............................. Service.............................. Government........................ OREGON Portland T o ta l.................................. Contract con stru ction ... Manufacturing................... Trans, and pub. u t i l . . . . 30.4 6.1 6.1 14.8 7.* 66.0 31.0 67.1 65.2 30.8 66.3 12.6 64.3 12.9 33.8 33.8 31.9 30.2 64.2 12.5 33.1 30.3 101.5 82.6 98.3 44.9 '44.6 39.* 141.9 .4 9.3 35.6 135.* .4 9.3 136.4 •5 7.9 33.8 Harrisburg See footnotes at e n d of table. 33.7 12.7 30.3 5.9 14.6 6.7 250.6 16.0 Erie 20 12.2 8.8 255.* 14.8 32.1 Contract co n stru ction ... 124.8 257.7 14.8 Finance.............................. Service 1/ ........................ PENNSYLVANIA Allentovn-BethlehemEaston Manufacturing................... 13.6 30.3 1*.9 7.* Aug. 58.6 76.3 Mining................................ Contract con struction ... Manufacturing................... Trans, and pub. u t i l . . . . 1955 July 99.1 77.7 Contract con stru ction ... Manufacturing................... Trans, and pub. u t i l . . . . Trade.................................. Finance.............................. Service.............................. Government........................ 1956 Aug. _ 14.4 23.9 5.9 12.5 39.9 78.4 OKLAHOMA Oklahoma C ity T o ta l.................................. Number of employees Harrisburg - Continued Trans, and pub. util.... Trad©................... Finance................. Service................. Government............. OHIO - Continued Columbus Manufacturing................... Youngstovn Manufacturing................... Area and industry division 30.1 Pittsburgh Total................... Mining.................. Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service................. Government............. 13.7 23.8 5.9 12.5 39.7 19.1 *9.3 331.9 5.8 46.4 233.1 72.1 156.6 28.2 68.1 156.5 14.8 22.5 5.8 12.0 39.1 331.0 72.9 153.5 27.7 85.7 90.9 69.5 28.5 91.6 70.1 Reading Manufacturing.......... *9.7 48.5 52.0 Scranton Manufacturing.......... 32.1 31.8 30.7 Wlikes-Barre— Hazleton Manufacturing * ........ 36.8 36.1 39.0 York Manufacturing.......... 46.1 *5-3 45.1 291.O 16.9 138.8 287.2 16.9 288.0 16.2 138.2 RHODE ISLAND Providence Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service 1/.............. Government............. 14.1 52.2 12.8 26.3 29.9 13*.7 14.0 52.1 12.7 27.1 29.7 68.1 14.1 50.7 12.4 27.2 29.2 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Total................... Contract construction... Manufacturing.......... Trans. and pub. util.... Trade................... Finance................. Service j / .............. Government............. 15.6 15.6 15.8 Greenville Manufacturing.......... 30.1 30.0 29.8 50.0 12.1 50.6 2.9 10.0 3.8 12.0 1.7 *.7 1.7 *.7 3.0 9.7 3.* 50.5 2.8 10.0 3.8 12.0 1.6 *.7 Area Employment T a b l e A -7: E m p l o y e e s in nonagricultural establishments for selected areas, b y industry division - C o n t i n u e d (In thousands) A r e a a nd Industry division SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls Total................. Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service l / ........... Government.... ....... TENNESSEE Chattanooga Total.... ........... . Mining.......... ...... Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............. . Service.............. Government........... Knoxville Total................. Mining................ Contract construction. Manuf ac tur ing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service............... Government........... Memphis Total................. Mining................ Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service.... .......... Government............ Nashville Total.................... Mining................... Contract construction.... Manufacturing........... Trans, and pub. util.... Trade.................... Finance.................. Service.................. Government.... .......... UTAH Salt Lake City Total.................... Mining................... Number of employees .Aug. 1 <F>6 July 25.O 2*. 9 5.5 2.3 5.5 2.3 2.0 2.1 8.2 8.0 1.5 3.5 1.5 3.5 2.1 2.1 Aug. 24.9 2.3 5.5 2.2 8.2 1.5 3.2 1.9 9*. 8 3.8 *3.9 5.5 93.* .1 3.8 *4.0 5.5 *.8 18.2 18.3 9.5 *.3 9.* 93.3 .1 *.3 8.1 8.1 115.5 116.7 i: î 1 :! kl 1:1 .1 *5.2 5.* 17.9 *.0 9.* 8.2 117.6 2.0 i9*1 *5.9 7.1 25.* 25.6 2*.0 2.5 11.4 2.5 11.3 15 .* 2.3 15.6 186.0 .* 11.8 185.8 *7.2 *7.7 .* 11 .7 11.2 16.2 I8O .6 .* 12.5 16.6 15.8 5*.* 8.3 24.0 5*.l 8.3 52.3 23.* 132 .O .3 8.5 37.2 12.7 23.I I29.9 .3 6.9 36.7 12.7 30.7 8.5 30.6 8.6 19.3 19.3 1*.9 120.1 7*5 1*.9 119.5 7.6 Salt Lake City - Continued Contract construction.... Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service.............. Government........... VERMONT Burlington Total................ Manufac tur ing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Service......... . Other nanmanufacturing Springfield Total................ Manufacturing........ Trans, and pub. util.. Trade................. Service.............. Other nanmanufacturing VIRGINIA No r fo lk - Port smouth T o ta l............................... Mining............................. Contract construction Manufacturing............... Trans, and pub. u t i l . Trade............................... Finance........................... S erv ice........................... Government..................... Number of employees Aug. 1956 Julv 9.8 18.5 I 3.3 3*.l 7.* 9.6 I8.3 I 3.O 3*.0 7.* 15.2 15.3 1*.3 8.1 23.* 22.8 130.7 .* 8.1 38.5 12.4 29.6 8.2 19.O 1*.7 110.9 3.2 Richmond T o ta l............................... Mining..................... Contract construction Manufacturing............... Trans, and pub. u t i l . Trade............................... Finance..........................., S erv ice ............................ Government...................... WASHINGTON Seattle T o ta l............................... Contract construction Manufacturing.............. Trane, and pub. u t i l . Trade............................... Finance........................... Service i j ..................... Government..................... 1955 Aug. 10.0 I 5.7 I 3.I 32.9 7.1 1*.9 1*.3 1*.0 17.3 * .1 17.2 *.0 16.5 1.5 1.5 3.5 1 .* *.6 3.3 3.9 *.6 *.6 3.3 3.9 3.2 3.9 13.7 8.7 .6 1.6 1 .1 1.6 13.5 12.7 7.8 157.9 .2 157.* 8.6 .6 1.6 1.2 1.7 .2 *5.8 12 .* I 5.5 I 7.7 *1.2 7.0 17.8 *5.6 160.5 158.8 12.7 15 .* 17.9 41.* 6.9 17.6 *5.5 16.6 2*.0 Area and industry division .3 .3 12.9 12.8 38.* 16.1 39.7 13.0 17.8 20.7 40.3 16.1 39.6 12.9 17.8 20.6 312.6 16.4 91.5 29.1 75.0 19.* 38.5 42.7 307.* 16.2 88.1 28.9 7*. 5 19.2 38.2 *2.3 .6 1.6 1 .1 1.6 151.5 .2 II .5 I 5.3 I7 .O 37.* 6.* 16.8 *6.9 153.5 .3 11.6 39.3 15.5 37.* 12.6 17.2 19.6 300.7 15.9 8*.8 28.4 73.3 18.9 37.5 *1.9 See footnotes at e n d of table 21 A re a Em ploym ent T a b l a A-7: E m p l o y « « « in nonagricultural «stablishments for s«l«ct«d areas, b y industry division - C o n t i n u e d A r e a and industry division WASHINGTON-C ontlnued Spokane Total................ Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans, and pub. util. Trade............... Finance............. Service 1/.......... Government.......... (In thousands) Number of employees Aug. 76.9 5.9 July 76.1 -Ì22SA.ug- 74.8 5.7 15.7 8.5 20.0 3.7 11.4 10.3 5.8 15.3 9.1 20.5 3.6 11.5 10.3 76.6 75.6 74.8 4.6 18.7 3.1 8.5 17.7 7.1 16 .I 3.1 8.5 18.8 18.8 15.8 9.2 20.6 WEST VIEG INIA Charleston Total.................. Mining................. Contract construction.. Manufacturing......... Trans. and pub. util... Trade.................. Finance................ Service................ Government............ Wheeling-Steubenville 3/ Total................T.. Mining.................. Contract construction..« Manufacturing.......... 2/ 3/ 5/ 5/ 4.6 7.1 15.8 91 .* 10.6 *.3 90.1 10.6 4.0 3.9 26.0 25.1 10.9 18.7 10.9 18.7 3.3 8.6 9.3 114.8 5.8 4.8 5*.5 3.3 8.5 9.3 99*2 5.9 4.4 39.5 WheelingSteubenville ¿/-Con* Trans, and pub. util Trade.............. . Finance............. Service............. Government.......... 3.9 9.9 18.3 6.9 15.3 2.8 8.5 18.4 90.2 10.4 4.1 25.7 10.7 WISC0HS1N Milwaukee Total................. Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service 1 / ........... Government........... Racine Total............. Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance............... Service 1/........... Government........... ¿¡Eg 9.4 9.3 9.7 19.8 19.6 20.1 3.1 10.6 6.9 7.0 3.0 10.5 6.7 431.8 427.* 24.9 191.1 419.8 23.9 187.7 3.1 10.7 26.0 193.3 29.I 83.6 20.3 43.8 35.6 29.4 83.4 20.2 *3.9 34.6 29.2 82.1 19.7 43.0 34.3 1.7 7.7 41.6 2.5 21.4 1.7 7.7 4.2 4.1 3.* 3.* 3.* 3.2 1.4 1.9 3.3 1.3 1.9 3-2 4.2 .7 3.8 .5 1.9 41.6 2.6 21.1 .8 .8 41.9 2.3 22.5 1.8 7.3 .8 3.9 18.9 3-2 8.4 9.0 115.3 6.0 5.2 5*. 3 WYOMING Casper Mining................ Contract construction. Manufacturing........ Trans. and pub. util.. Trade................. Finance.............. Service.............. Not available. Revised series; not strictly comparable with previously published data* Includes government* Includes mining and government* 0 / Includes mining and finance* 7/ Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey. *Note: June 1956 total manufacturing revised, 36.9. -*T Number of employees 1955 Aug. -■Mj . 11.1 Tacoma Total............... Contract construction Manufacturing....... Trans. and pub. util. Trade................ Finance............. Service 1/.......... . Government.......... . Area and industry division 1.8 *.3 .6 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.1 1.8 1.6 Labor Turnover T a b l e B-l« M o n t h l y labor tur n o v e r rates in m a n u f a c t u r i n g , b y class of t urnover (Ito 100 employees Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 1948. 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 4.6 3.2 3.6 5.2 4.4 4.4 3.9 2.9 3.2 *.5 3.9 4.2 2.5 3.2 3.1 k.O k.O 1948, 1949. 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954. 1955. 1956, *•3 4.6 3.1 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953 1954 1955 1956. 2.8 3.3 3.3 k.l k.O 3.8 *•3 2.9 3.6 2.6 1.7 1 .1 2.1 2.5 3.0 1.7 1.3 2.7 2.0 2.2 2.2 k.6 3-9 k.k 2.8 3.6 3.1 3.0 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 l.k 1.0 2.1 2.9 3.5 *•5 3.7 *•3 2.4 3.5 3.3 *•7 k.6 k.8 k.l 3.7 k.6 k.l 3.7 3.0 3.5 3.k k.l 2.8 *•3 3.8 3.1 1.9 1.9 2.1 1 .1 1.0 l.k 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 l.k 1.5 1.5 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952 1953, 1954, 1955 1956, Ò.4 .3 O.k O.k 0.4 .2 .2 .2 1948, 1949. 1950, 1951 1952, 1953, 1954 1955, 1956 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951. 1952, 1953. 1954, 1955. 1956 .2 .3 .2 2.7 2.7 1.0 1 .1 1.0 1.3 .3 .k .k .4 .3 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 •3 .3 1.2 2.5 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.7 1.2 2.8 1.0 .8 .8 1 .1 .8 .2 .2 l.k .9 2.8 1.5 _ 1.7 0.1 .1 .1 .7 .k .k .3 •3 .2 .3 .3 1.3 .8 2.2 1 .1 1.8 Toti*1 4.1 3.5 4.4 *.5 3-9 4.1 2.5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 July 2.8 1.6 1.2 3.0 3.6 *•5 *.6 June accession 5.7 *•7 k.k 3-5 4.8 *•7 4.2 *.9 4.4 *•9 4.1 5.1 2.9 3.Ì 4.3 3.8 4.2 3.* 3-3 Totisi separation 4.4 *.5 *.3 3.8 5.2 *.3 3.0 2.9 3.1 4.4 4.8 *•3 5.0 3.9 3.9 4.4 4.2 *•3 3.1 3.1 3-3 3.2 3.2 3.* 3.2 3.* 3.7 Quit 2.8 2.9 2.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.8 2.5 *.7 k.l Maty l.k 2-3 1.3 1.6 .3 .3 1.2 2.8 1.2 1.0 1.3 .9 2.4 1.5 2.2 2.6 1.1 2.2 2.5 1.5 1.6 .2 .2 1.6 1.5 Dischsu"ee 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.6 .2 .3 .4 .3 .k .2 .3 .3 l.l 3.3 1 .1 1.2 1 .1 1.0 Oct. Nov. Dec. 5.1 4.1 5.7 *•3 5.6 4.0 3.* 4.4 *•5 3.7 5.2 4.4 5.2 3.3 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.3 4.0 3.9 4.0 2.7 3.3 3.3 2.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.3 2.5 2.5 4.4 3.5 4.4 4.4 4.4 3.9 3.0 3-7 k.5 k.9 5.2 3.9 4.4 4.1 *.3 *•7 4.2 *•5 3-3 3-5 4.1 4.0 3.8 *•3 3.5 4.2 3.0 3.1 *•3 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.* 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.6 *.3 3-5 4.4 4.1 ^•3 3.5 3.3 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 3.* 3.9 2.8 2.1 2.2 1.2 2.1 1.7 .9 1.7 1.4 1.7 2.8 1.8 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 5.0 4.4 6.6 *•5 5.9 *•3 ?-3 4.5 3.8 5.1 4.0 4.2 5.3 4.6 4.8 3.5 4.0 4.2 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.9 1.4 2.2 2.2 5.* 4.2 *.9 5.1 3.* 3.1 3.5 3.1 1.5 2.7 2.5 2.1 1 .1 1.5 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.3 1.4 1 .1 1 .1 1.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 .2 .2 .2 .2 1.9 2.1 1.8 2.8 2.8 2 .1 1.2 1.8 0.4 .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 1.5 1.0 .9 .3 .4 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .k 0.4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .4 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .3 .2 1.0 2.1 .6 1.2 1.8 .6 1.0 1.8 1.2 2.3 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.3 2.4 .8 1 .1 1.3 1.5 2.2 1.0 1 .1 1.2 1 .1 .3 .3 Layoff 1.1 2.5 .9 1.0 1 .1 .3 1.3 1.4 .2 .3 .7 1.3 .7 1.5 1.7 1.1 .9 1.3 1.6 1.7 1-I !•? 1.2 1 .1 1.2 1 .1 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.3 MLscellaneoiis. ine]Ludine nilitar.T 0.1 .1 .1 .6 0.1 .1 .1 0.1 .1 .1 0.1 .1 .2 .k .k .5 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 0.1 .1 .1 .5 .3 .3 0.1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 Annual aver Year age Sept. Aug. .4 .3 .3 .4 .3 .3 .2 0.1 .1 .3 .4 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 0.1 .1 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .2 .3 1.4 .7 1.8 1.6 1.2 0.1 .1 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .2 1.7 .7 2.3 .3 .3 .3 1.0 .3 .3 .3 .4 .3 1.6 1.2 2.5 1*7 1.4 1.3 1.9 0.1 .1 0.1 .1 0.1 .1 .2 .3 .4 .3 .3 .1 .2 .3 .3 .3 .2 .2 .2 1.2 .5 .3 .3 .2 .2 1 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 SI Labor T u m o v e r Table B-2: M o n t h l y labor turnover rates in s e l e c t e d industries {Per 100 e m p l o y e e s ) Industry Total accession rate Total Separation rate Discharge Layoff Quit Aug. July Aug. 1956 Aug. July 10*56 19*56 L.19*56 19*56 10*56 3.8 3.3 k .2 3.2 2.2 k.o 3.* 3A 3.1 k.l 3.9 3.3 3.0 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES............................ *.0 2.9 5.0 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS.......................... *.3 3.3 3.9 k.o *.2 3.9 3*6 3.8 (±/> 3.8 *.0 *.0 'MANUFACTURING....................................... ............ NONDURABLE (JOODS......................... Beverages: TOBACCO MANUFACTURES.............................. . TEX T I L E - M I L L P R O D U C T S ..................... July 19*56 10*56 10*56 1.5 O.3 0.2 2.2 2.3 1.5 1.5 •3 .3 3.9 I .9 1.2 k.7 k.k *•3 3.2 3.8 3.1 1*.0 3.* 2.0 2 .k l.k •9 l.k *.o <!/> *.7 (i/) 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.2 1.5 2 .k 2 .1 2.1 2.5 1.1 1.0 2.2 1.0 3> 3.9 3> 3.3 2.5 2.7 1.9 .3 »2 2.1 .3 .3 .3 •3 1.2 1.7 3.0 3.1 3.1 2.0 3.9 3.1 3.3 5.1 *.5 3.3 3.2 F u l l - f a s h i o n e d h o s i e r y . . . ................ S e a m l e s s h o s i e r y .......... . Aug. 3.7 5.1 2.6 5.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.1 3.8 2.5 3.8 ( in k .2 k .2 k.o 5.3 k.2 July *.5 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.6 (1/) 3.* <±/> 3.3 l.k 2.0 2.3 July Aug. July 19*56 10*56 1Q«56 l.k 1.2 0.2 0.2 .2 •3 1.6 1 .1 1.3 1.0 .2 .2 .3 •3 .1 2.7 2.2 .2 .3 .3 2.1 2.0 .2 .2 .6 1.8 .k .1 .2 .2 .2 .k 1.8 1.8 .9 .3 2.0 •3 .3 ,k •3 .1 .1 .6 a n .2 ( in 3.8 (Ì/) .2 1.5 .5 .5 .5 .2 .2 1.9 2 .k 1.9 2.1 1.9 3.0 2.1 2.6 2.1 .k .k .2 .2 .2 (1 /) 1.7 1.7 (1/) 1.0 1.3 .3 <i/> 2.8 2.2 2.2 (±/) 3.7 (i/> 2.2 ( i /) l.k (1/) k.k 3.5 3.1 *•5 2.8 3.8 3.3 2.0 2.6 2.0 *.7 3.* k.Q 3.7 5.3 (1/) 5.1 5.3 7.9 5.9 5.5 6.7 3.3 3.6 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................................ 5.3 5.5 k.Q (I/) Misc., incl. military .2 .2 .1 •3 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 Aug. 2 .k .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 (2 /) (2/) •3 1.2 2.0 1.3 1.0 2.8 .8 1.2 1A .3 .8 .1 .k 1.1 •9 2.1 1.2 (2/) .5 .2 .1 .k .2 .2 .1 .2 .3 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 (2/) •5 1.6 (1/) ( !/) .2 .2 .1 .1 (2/) (1 /) (i/> .1 . <i/> .k .2 ( in .5 (i/> .2 .2 .3 .1 .2 »2 .9 .k .9 .8 .1 .2 .2 .3 3.7 2 .Ó .3 ,2 .8 .7 .1 .1 3.7 5.1 .k 1.2 .2 .k n n 2. 0 1.1 1.3 <i/> .2 .1 .1 2.6 .k .5 •5 1.6 ( in *.5 3.8 ( 1/) 3.8 k.k 2.9 2.5 1.9 .k .3 i.k .5 .2 ^.0 k .2 3.7 k.5 3.* 3.7 2.6 1.9 .5 2.8 .6 2.2 •9 1.0 .7 .2 .2 5.2 .k .k •3 1.1 2.8 2.2 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.......................... 2.6 1.8 k.o 2.9 2.1 3.3 1.9 *.5 2.3 2.1 •3 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS................... 2.0 1.* 1.5 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.* 2 .k D y e i n g and f i n i s h i n g C a r p e t s , rugs, o t h e r text l i e s ......... . f l o o r c o v e r ingsjj/. APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS................... ................. Men's and boys* M e n ’s a n d b o y s ' s u i t s a n d c o a t s ......... f u r n i s h i n g s and work LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE)............. .................................... S a w m i l l s a n d p l a n i n g m i l l s ................ Millwork, plywood, and prefab ric ate d See footnotes at end of table. 2.9 (l/> *.7 3.2 2.k k.2 3.3 1.7 .6 .5 1.3 .3 2.0 l.k 3.3 1.3 .8 3.0 1.9 1.5 1.7 2. 0 l.l I .5 1.2 1.8 1.0 1.2 .8 .8 .5 .k .9 .8 2.7 2 .k 1.8 2.6 1.6 1.3 .8 1.5 1.7 2.0 .6 .2 .5 .2 .6 .1 .5 .7 .7 .2 .2 .2 .2 .6 .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .3 .5 .8 .1 .k .2 .2 .3 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 .2 .3 •3 .5 .2 .k .2 .1 .1 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 .2 .2 Labor Turnover Table B-2! Monthly labor Industry turnover RUBBER PRODUCTS....................... LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS........... Leather: tanned, curried, and finished.. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS........ l.k 2.5 1.7 2.2 3.* 2.5 1.7 3.0 3.2 2.1 1.5 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.2 2.3 3.9 2.9 3.7 k .k *.1 5-5 3.3 5-8 *.0 6.5 2.3 3.7 2.9 3 .I 3.5 1.6 3.7 3-9 1.2 2.6 1.2 3.* 3.6 k.2 3.2 *.3 .8 1956 1.7 1.0 3.6 1.0 •7 1-5 1.2 ..2 .2 .2 -3 .2 .1 .1 .2 -5 .1 -3 -9 .6 -3 -3 1.0 .2 .2 .2 .2 3.1 l. k 3.k 2.2 1.1 .k .k .k 1.8 1-3 1.8 1.0 2.6 2 .k .2 .1 .2 .7 .2 -3 .6 .2 1.7 1-7 1.8 2.2 .2 .2 .2 -3 -3 .2 .2 -3 -3 -3 k .k .1 1.5 1.7 1.2 -9 .8 1.6 1.* 1.3 -3 2.1 -3 1.6 2.1 .2 .2 -3 -3 .1 .2 .2 .3 .1 .1 -9 .2 .2 .8 .9 -3 -3 -5 .1 -5 -5 .8 .6 .2 .k l.k 1.0 k.5 .k -5 .1 -3 -3 -3 .V -7 .k .2 .2 .2 .1 .3 .2 .1 .5 .3 •9 1.7 3 .O *.0 P o t t e r y and related p r o d u c t s............. 2.1 *-5 2.7 3.5 2.1 2.6 3.1 PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES............... 2.5 2.0 2.8 2.3 l.k 1.0 2.2 2.k 3.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 l. k l.k Nonferrous f o u n d r i e s ............ .......... Oth e r primary metal industries: I r o n and steel f o r g i n g s.................. FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORD NANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT)........................... Cutlery, hand tools, and ha r d w a r e....... Cutlery and edge t o o l s ................... H a n d t o o l s ................................. H a r d w a r e .................................... Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers' s u p p l i e s ........................ S a n i t a r y ware and plumbers' supplies... Oil burners, nonelectric heating and cooking apparatus, not elsewhere F abricated structural metal products.... Metal stamping, coating, and engraving.. 1.8 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.5 Misc., incl. military Aug. July I956 I956 1956 I956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 I .3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 .1 .2 .2 .2 •7 1.1 •3 (2/) (2/) 1.5 1.0 Glass and glass p r o d u c t s .................. Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling m i l l s ....................................... I r o n and steel f o u n d ries.................. G r a y - i r o n f o u n d r i e s ....................... M a l l eable-iron f o u n dries................. Steel f o u n d r i e s........................... Prim a r y smelting and refining of nonferrous metals: P r i m a r y smelting and refining of copper, lead, and z i n c ........................... Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals: Rolling, drawing, and alloying of industries-Continued (Per 100 employees) Total Separat ion rate accession Total Qulit Discharge Layoff rate Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July Aug. July 1956 1956 PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL......... rates in s e l e c t e d .2 1-9 .2 -3 .k -3 .2 2.2 2.1 2.7 3.2 3.1 2.9 1.3 3.* 2.7 6.6 2.9 1.8 2.5 3.1 1.7 2.1 1.0 .k .2 .2 l.k k .l •9 k.2 2.k k.3 1.9 3.5 .8 1.7 .5 l.k .2 .k .1 -3 1.2 1-9 l. k .3 .3 A k.7 2.6 3.7 2.8 1.8 1.1 -3 .2 1-3 1.2 .2 .2 k .l k.3 3.6 2.0 1.3 1.8 2.3 5-2 *.3 *.7 *.1 3.* 2.5 l. k l.k l.k .k .k 2.0 1.9 *.3 .9 1.7 .2 .k .3 .2 .1 .2 -3 2.3 1.1 2.k 5 .I 2.3 2.5 2.6 1.7 2.9 l.k .k l.k 2.0 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 (2/) .2 .3 .k .3 3.9 3-5 3.2 3.* 2.1 1.9 -5 -3 .k 1.2 -3 1.1 1.2 1 .1 1.6 .2 .1 .2 *.0 3.1 3.8 5.9 2.2 2.2 -5 -5 1.1 .8 .k .k .k .2 .2 .2 .2 3.7 3.1 *.9 if.O 3.1 3.1 *.3 3.7 3.8 3.5 5.1 *.0 l. k 3.6 6.6 1.3 1.9 1-3 1 .* 1-5 1.5 1-7 1.6 l.k .k .k .2 -3 •3 -9 k.O l.k .9 .5 1.7 3-7 .2 .1 -3 .3 -5 S e e footnotes at end of table. 25- Labor T u rn o ve r Table B-2! M o n t h l y labor turnover r a t e s in s e l e c t e d industries-Continued (Per 100 e m p l o y e e s ) To t a l accession rate Industry Aug. J u l y I 9 5 6 1956 M A C H I N E R Y ( E X C E P T E L E C T R I C A L ) ............... E n g i n e s and t u r b i n e s ......................... A g r i c u l t u r a l m a c h i n e r y a n d t r a c t o r s ...... C o n s t r u c t i o n and m i n i n g m a c h i n e r y ......... Met a lw o r k in g m a c h i n e r y (except machine M a c h i n e - t o o l a c c e s s o r i e s ................... S p e c i a l - i n d u s t r y m a c h i n e r y (except met al w o r k i n g m a c h i n e r y ) ........................... G e n e r a l i n d u s t r i a l m a c h i n e r y ............... O f f i c e and s t o r e m a c h i n e s and d e v i c e s . .. . S e r v i c e - i n d u s t r y and h o u s e h o l d m a c h i n e s . . E L E C T R I C A L M A C H I N E R Y ........................... Electrical generating, transmission, d i s t r i b u t i o n , and i n d u s t r i a l ap p a r a t u s . . R a d i o s , p h o n o g r a p h s , t e l e v i s i o n sets, and e q u i p m e n t ................................ T e l e p h o n e , t e l e g r a p h , and r e l a t e d El e ctrical appliances, lamps, and m i s c e l - T R A N S P O R T A T I O N E Q U I P M E N T ...................... July 1956 3 .1 3 .0 ( 1 /) 2 .9 2 .9 2 .5 2.6 I.9 1.8 1.8 1.1 1.1 3 .8 2 .2 1 .8 1 .6 ( 1/) 2 .0 1 .8 1 .7 1 .0 1 .3 1 .0 1 .0 1.9 .9 2 .0 1 .7 2 .0 1 .7 2 .3 (I/) 3 .0 2 .3 1 .9 1 .8 2 .5 2 .1 2 .0 2 .2 3 .0 2 .6 3 .0 3 .3 1 .6 2 .2 2 .6 3-3 2 .8 3 .2 3 .1 2 .1 2 .9 2 .3 2 .2 2 .2 2 .8 3 .2 2 .4 5 .3 2 .7 2 .0 2 .2 1 .6 5 .3 2 .6 5-2 3 .0 k.O 3 .1 ( 1/) 2 .5 3 .2 2 .6 ( 1/) 9 .0 k.k ( 1/) Au g . 1956 0.3 .3 (1 /) July 19^6 0 .3 .2 Layoff Aug. J u l y 1??6 1??6 M i s e ., incl. military Aug. July 1956 19 1.0 P6 0.2 2 .2 .3 ( 1 /) . •3 .1 .2 .2 .1 .2 •5 .2 .2 •3 0.8 .5 ( 1 /) .3 •5 .k O. 3 .3 •3 .2 •3 .3 .2 1 .2 .3 •5 .3 .3 •7 .6 •3 .5 .2 •3 .2 .2 1 .1 I.3 .k .k .2 .3 .2 .6 .6 •3 3 .2 .6 •5 •5 .2 3 .6 1 .0 .2 .3 .2 .3 .2 .2 .2 .2 1 .8 1 .0 1 .0 1 .1 .3 .3 .1 .3 .3 2 .5 2 .5 l.k .k .2 •9 .6 .2 .2 2 .0 2 .5 1 .8 1 .2 .3 I.7 U/> (I/) •5 .5 .1 (I/) .2 .2 ( 1/) .2 .2 5 .* 3 .1 3 .* 1 .8 •5 .2 l.l .8 •3 •3 I.3 ( 1/) 1 .5 ( 1/) 1 .0 ( 1/) .2 (l/) ( 2 /) ( 1/) .2 5 .0 3 .7 3 .* 3 .2 1.9 1.5 .2 .2 .8 .k •3 *•3 * .5 * .5 3 .5 3.6 5 .6 5 .6 3 .0 2 .9 2 .3 ( 1/) 6 .7 ( 1/) 3 .6 1 .8 1 .1 2 .2 1 .2 .8 .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 3.3 3 .9 .5 .3 .3 ( 1/) 3 -* .3 .k k.6 l/} 8.8 I N S T R U M E N T S A N D R E L A T E D P R O D U C T S ........... (1/) Q/) 1.7 3. O 3 .V k.2 11.2 k.l 1 .8 1 .8 1 .6 l.l 3 .5 6.6 8. 3 (1/) (l/> ( 1 /} 1 0 . 5 2.2 ¿ 73 2 .7 3 .2 2 .5 2 .5 a/) (1/) 2.7 (1/) Ml (1/) Ml M? Ml 3 .2 MX 3 .6 W a t c h e s a n d c l o c k s ............................ P r o f e s s i o n a l a n d s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t sit/ (l/) Aug. 1956 2.2 R a i l r o a d and s t r e e t c a r s ................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ............ 26 Discharge Quit July 1956 2.1 3 .1 3 .1 2 .8 ( 1/) * .0 See f o o t n o t e s at e nd o f table. Aug. 1956 2 .9 A i r c r a f t and p a r t s ............................ A i r c r a f t ........................................ A i r c r a f t e n g i n e s and p a r t s ................ A i r c r a f t p r o p e l l e r s and p a r t s ............ O t h e r a i r c r a f t p a r t s and e q u i p m e n t ...... S h i p and b o a t b u i l d i n g an d r e p a i r i n g ..... R a i l r o a d e q u i p m e n t ............................ M I S C E L L A N E O U S M A N U F A C T U R I N G INDU S T R I E S . . . . J e w e l r y , s i l v e r w a r e , an d p l a t e d w a r e ..... S e p a r a t i o n rate Total *•9 3 .5 k.6 k.6 2.1 2.8 I.5 2.k 1 .7 ( 1/) 2.k (1/) (1/) M,] (1/) 5. 2 1.3 l.k 1 .1 .k .7 1 .7 (l/> 2.8 (1/) (1/) .7 U/) (1/) .7 1.8 M? (1/) .9 .k .k k .k .3 (1/) (1/) (l/) (l/) .1 (1/) (1/) .2 .k 1.3 1 .8 .3 2.k A .2 .1 .1 .1 1 .3 .1 .1 .2 ( 1/) .2 .7 .2 .1 .2 .1 .1 (1/) (1/) 9 .* .1 (1/) (1/) (1/) (I/) .1 (1/) (1/) .2 .1 k.7 .k .2 I.9 1.1 2.0 2.0 (1/) (1/) 1.5 Ci/) 1. 2 •7 1.0 (i/> a/) .2 .2 .1 .1 (l/) (l/) .8 1 .3 (1/) .3 (1/) .7 .3 3 .9 3 .0 2.9 2.0 2.0 I.3 .k •3 1.1 l.k .2 .1 .k A 1. 2 A (1/) (l/> .2 .2 .2 (1/) .1 .2 .2 .2 A .3 Labor T u rn o ve r Table B-2: Monthly labor turnover rates in s e l e c t e d industries-Continued (Per 100 em p l o y e e s ) Total accession rate Se p a r a t i o n rate Total Aug. July Aug. July 1956 1956 1956 I956 (1 /) k.6 (1/) 2.3 (1 /) 2 .1 •9 4.3 3^ 1.2 ANTHRACITE MINING........................ 1.7 BITUMINOUS-COAL MINING................... 2.3 ûui t Discharge Aug. July Layoff Misc., incl. military Aug. July Aug. 1956 1956 I956 1956 1956 I956 1956 1956 (1 /) 2.8 .2 (1 /) 0.7 .1 .1 (1 /) 0.1 (2/) .1 (I/) 3.1 (1/) •3 (i/) (2/) July Aug. July (1 /) O .5 MONMANUFACTURING: METAL MINING.......................... k .l •5 4.3 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.K 1.9 1.0 .7 (2/) 1.1 l.k 1.8 .9 .6 .1 <±/> 3.1 ( V ) 2.1 (l/> (1 /) 1.5 u/> 1.0 (i/) (i/) 2.2 .9 •3 A .1 .2 (2/) (i/) .2 .8 .k .2 .2 •9 a .2 .3 1.1 .1 .1 .1 •3 (i/) (i/) .1 .2 .1 1.0 COMMUNICATION: (I/) 1.8 1.6 U/> .1 .1 (i/) (i/) 1/ Hot available. 2/ Less than 0.05. 3/ June 1956 data are! 2.7^ 3*3> 1«*^ 0*4, 1*2^ &nd 0*2, respectively* k/ June 1956 data are: V.2, 2.2, l.fc, 0.2, 0.1*, and 0.2, respectively. 3/ Data relate to dosiestlc employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a conMlsslon basis. -5 L Hours and Earnings T a b l e C-1: H o u r s a n d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s Average weekly hours Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. 1956 July 1956 Aug. Aug. 1955 1956 $94.95 97.88 42.5 40.9 42.7 42.2 July Aug. Average hourly earnings Aug. 1955 1956 42.9 42.0 42.2 41.3 43.2 41.2 $2.31 2.44 2.33 19*56 July 1956 Aug. 195*5 MINING: METAL MINING............................ $ 96.02 C o p p e r m i n i n g .................................. L e a d a n d z i n c m i n i n g ......................... $ 98.18 99.80 99.^9 9I.I5 90.30 98.06 83.22 ANTHRACITE.............................. 87.25 92.20 85.76 33.3 35-6 BITUMINOUS-COAL......................... IO2.58 102.16 94.50 36.9 P e t r o l e u m and n a t u r al-gas p r o d u c t i o n ( e x c e p t c o n t r a c t s e r v i c e s ) ............... 100.04 IO6 .OI 92.63 NONMETALLIC MINING AND QUARRYING....... 87.62 88.01 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION..................... 104.78 106.42 $2.27 2.46 2.34 2.16 $2.25 2.37 2.27 2.15 2.02 33-5 2.62 2.59 2.56 36.1 37-5 2.78 2.83 2.52 40.5 41.9 40.1 2.47 2.53 2 .3I 84.73 45.4 45.6 45.8 1 93 I .93 I .85 IO3 .O9 98.14 38.1 37.9 37.6 2.75 2.72 2.61 IO5.15 IO2 .7O 99.01 96.75 42.4 43.7 41.1 41.6 43.0 2.51 40.3 2.39 2.48 2.35 2.63 2.62 2.38 2.25 2 .5I 89.05 100.39 42.3 36.2 CRUDE-PETROLEUM AND NATURAL-GAS PRODUCTION: c o n s t r u c t i o n ........... 104.68 IO8.O9 107.68 101.15 42.4 43.8 41.1 BUILDING CONS T R U C T I O N ...................... 104.53 103.23 97.99 37.2 37.0 36.7 2.81 2.79 2.67 GENERAL CONTRACTORS..................... 97.68 96.52 92.23 37.O 36.7 36.6 2.64 2.63 2.52 SPECIAL-TRADE CONTRACTORS.............. IO9.29 114.64 107.59 113.58 102.03 37.3 38.6 36.7 118.60 97.73 36.6 35.3 39.8 35.8 2.88 3.20 2.87 2.95 2.85 3.14 2.84 2.81 35.1 39.5 2.93 2.97 2.78 38.2 35-9 39.6 36.7 37.I 38.5 2.90 107.34 2.74 2.98 2.73 NONBUILDING CO NSTR U C T I O N ................... Other nonbuilding P l u m b i n g a n d h e a t i n g ......................... P a i n t i n g a n d d e c o r a t i n g ..................... E l e c t r i c a l w o r k ................................ O t h e r s p e c i a l - t r a d e c o n t r a c t o r s ........ . 103.39 126.72 105.33 100.04 124.03 IO3.94 MANUFACTURING............................. 79.60 79.OO 76.33 40.2 40.1 40.6 1.98 1.97 1.88 DURABLE G O O D S ............... ................ NONDURABLE G O O D S ............................ 85.47 84.25 71.50 7I.7I 82.61 67.83 40.7 39.5 40.7 39.4 41.1 39.9 2.10 1.81 2.07 1.82 2.01 I .70 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES.... .......... 91.05 91.74 82.42 41.2 41.7 40.4 2.21 2.20 2.04 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS.............. 75.17 84.66 76.22 86.32 87.72 85.69 74.30 76.73 71.10 83.62 86.94 87.3* 41.3 40.9 40.8 41.8 42.7 44.1 42.0 41.6 41 .'2 41.5 41.6 42.4 43.4 44.5 41.1 41.6 41.6 42.9 43.7 1.82 2 .O7 2 .I5 2 .O5 I .85 2.08 2 .I5 2.06 I .73 2.01 2 .O9 I .94 Condensed a n d e v a p o r a t e d m i l k ........... C a n n i n g a n d p r e s e r v i n g ...................... S e a r o o d , c a n n e d a n d c u r e d ............... C a n n e d fruits, veg e t a b l e s , and soups.. Flour and other grain-mill products... 77.28 65.31 49.59 68.64 79.92 85.02 75.69 73.89 Br e a d and Biscuits, o t h e r b a k e r y p r o d u c t s ........ c r a c k e r s , a n d p r e t z e l s ....... 75.70 66.66 89.44 75.95 77.43 78.69 61.54 49.77 64.27 80.85 82.99 78.05 74.21 75.85 67.08 96.72 83.23 72.98 74.33 76.65 56.45 49.92 50.25 77.70 30.8 42.9 43.2 70.35 43.6 43.5 40.6 61.23 40.4 84.04 74.29 72.45 40.7 43.0 39.7 31.3 41.2 43*7 43.O 44.6 41.0 41.0 40.9 45.6 43.8 39-2 32.O 39.9 44.4 44.7 45.3 40.9 41.4 39.O 1.74 I .74 1.84 1.57 I .61 I .60 1.85 I .95 1.74 1.82 1.86 1.65 1.75 I .74 I .83 I .55 1.59 I .56 I .85 I .93 1.75 1.81 1.85 1.64 1.67 I .63 1.75 1.44 I .56 1.46 1.75 1.88 1.64 I .72 1.75 1.57 Hours and Earnings T a b l e C-1: H o u r s a n d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s - C o n t i n u e d Industry Aug. 1956 Average weekly earnings July 1956 Average weekly hours Aug. 1955 Aug. 40.8 42.3 37.6 39.7 39.6 40.8 42.3 40*5 1956 Average hourly earnings July Aug. Aug. 42.3 44.5 41.5 44.2 35.6 39.0 $1.97 1956 1955 July Aug. $2.00 2.09 1.96 1.57 I .52 $1.86 1.96 2.17 2.06 1.58 2.65 1.54 2.49 2.08 2.10 1.79 1.77 2.04 1.64 1.59 1.46 1956 19*56 1955 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS - Continued B e e t s u g a r .................. ...................... C o n f e c t i o n e r y a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ........ Distilled, Corn sirup, rectified, sugar, o il , a n d s t a r c h ....... C i g a r s ............................................... stemming a n d r e d r y i n g ............... TEXTILE-MILL PRODUCTS..................... Scouring and combing $84.60 93.01 75.66 62.17 58.98 $77.19 87.72 66.83 106.92 89.62 66.36 85.28 67.U p l a n t s .................. 79-66 73.39 90.23 h o s i e r y ........................ D y e i n g a n d f i n i s h i n g t e x t i l e s ............... Dye i n g and f i n ishing t extiles (except C a r p e t s , r u g s , o t h e r f l o o r c o v e r i n g s ..... W o o l c a r p e t s , r u g s , a n d c a r p e t y a r n ..... H a t s ( e x c e p t c l o t h a n d m i l l i n e r y ) .......... 49.91 56.45 68.48 64.53 58.31 53.30 57.38 '58.67 56.98 46.70 49.79 46.31 57.42 49.28 64.78 woven felts 55.73 70.84 51.19 51.05 53.45 53.68 52.ll 58.80 50.82 64.53 57.77 52.73 56.76 56.77 38.6 39.6 38.8 38.8 41.3 42.0 41.6 41.4 43.6 40.7 38.8 38.5 42.1 43.8 46.2 40.8 38.8 45.1 38.8 43.90 55-42 40.19 39.1 41.1 37.4 37.3 39.3 55.48 63.50 39-2 42.8 38.7 44.0 38.8 38.8 38.2 38.1 39.5 39.3 39.0 39.3 38.9 38.6 39.2 38.5 41.1 39.3 37.4 37.1 67.80 49.90 50.27 50.70 54.13 52.65 57-37 51.84 63.27 55.04 50.95 55.13 39-1 41.1 39-4 37-8 37-5 38.6 37.0 41.1 37.3 36.2 38.1 38.6 39-3 40.6 37 »2 37.7 40.6 40.2 41.5 39-6 39.9 39.3 40.7 40.5 40.4 40.5 41.9 39.6 38.6 41.0 35.0 39.0 37.3 40.6 41.0 41.8 40.8 36.4 40.3 40.5 40.2 39.6 35.6 39.5 41.6 41.9 40.7 38.5 41.6 40.0 52-53 75.60 65.30 73.27 51.29 38.4 38.3 39.7 40.1 42.0 39.1 43.1 41.7 85.41 55.58 83.73 56.54 44.6 43.8 38.6 44.3 40.1 56.52 45.31 49.79 44.80 57.72 48.86 64.15 63.59 71.56 73.85 71.68 58.03 65.18 61.15 67.45 38.3 41.0 41.2 44.3 37.5 37.4 37.5 37.5 39.2 37.3 39.3 39.9 41.7 64.37 74.82 67.70 2.06 1.94 1.55 1.51 2.15 1.58 2.64 1.80 1.46 1.41 54.60 55-13 43.13 47.43 42.52 54.23 48.68 63.38 62.82 74.16 71.23 60.83 66.56 36.2 38.6 35.9 38.8 38.2 38.1 36.7 35.4 38.6 2.19 1.60 1.42 1.76 1.28 1.55 1.18 1.44 1.60 1.33 1.33 1.36 1.38 1.35 1.50 1.32 1.57 1.48 1.41 1.53 1.52 1.54 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.48 I .29 2.08 1.51 1.76 1.28 1.53 1.34 1.44 1 .6l 1.34 1.34 1.36 1.38 1.35 1.50 1.32 1.57 1.47 1.41 1.53 1.49 1.54 1.28 I .29 1.28 1.48 1.31 2.03 1.27 1.67 1.18 1.47 .99 1.38 1.53 1.26 1.26 1.29 1.33 1.30 1.42 1.28 1.51 1.39 1.32 1.47 1.46 1.47 1.15 1.21 1.14 1.38 1.22 1.58 1.58 1.52 1.57 1.79 1.57 1.51 1.77 1.75 1.81 1.68 1.68 1.78 1.81 1.63 I .65 1.58 1.60 1.80 1.67 1.71 1.33 1.75 1.74 1.71 1.31 1.99 1.46 1.95 1.44 1.89 and P a d d i n g s a n d u p h o l s t e r y f i l l i n g ........... P r o c e s s e d waste and r e c o v e r e d fibers.... A r t i f i c i a l leather, oilcloth, and a n d t w i n e .............................. 78.54 58.59 72.34 47.74 55.39 51.05 51.61 Cordage 81.48 55-52 72.34 47.87 57.82 46.37 57-90 (except 101.34 70.88 52.65 goods 110.24 69.04 88.91 53.72 54.23 Felt 64.08 56.94 54.71 72.22 80.70 71.71 51.60 51.60 Full-fashioned 86.63 and b l e n d e d TOBACCO MANUFACTURES...................... Tobacco $80.38 87.11» 72.94 61 .5U 59.80 70.80 66.88 70.28 53.47 88.75 56.36 67.20 66.64 67.89 38.0 41.1 40.2 38.6 1.77 1.76 1.70 I .23 1.41 22. Hours and Earnings Table C-l: H o u r s a n d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. 1956 APPAREL AND OTHER FINISHED TEXTILE PRODUCTS................................. M e n ' s a n d b o y s ' s u i t s a n d c o a t s ............ Men's and beys' f u r n i s h i n g s and work c l o t h i n g ........................................... S h i r t s , c o l l a r s , a n d n i g h t w e a r ............ S e p a r a t e t r o u s e r s .............................. W o r k s h i r t s ....................................... W o m e n ' s o u t e r w e a r . . * . ........................... W o m e n ' s d r e s s e s ................................. H o u s e h o l d a p p a r e l .............................. W o m e n ’s s u i t s , c o a t s , a n d s k i r t s ......... W o m e n ' s , c h i l d r e n ' s u n d e r g a r m e n t s ........ U n d e r w e a r and nightwear, except corsets. C o r s e t s a n d a l l i e d g a r m e n t s ................ Mi 1 1 i n e r y ........................................... C h i l d r e n ' s o u t e r w e a r ........................... M i s c e l l a n e o u s appa r e l and a c c e s s o r i e s . . . . O t h e r f a b r i c a t e d t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s ......... Curtains, d r a p e r i e s , and o ther housef u r n i s h i n g s ..................................... T e x t i l e b a g s ..................................... LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS (EXCEPT FURNITURE)............................... L o g g i n g c a m p s a n d c o n t r a c t o r s ............... S a w m i l l s a n d p l a n i n g m i l l s ........... ..... S a w m i l l s a n d p l a n i n g m i l l s , g e n e r a l ..... W e s t ............................................... Millwc-rk, p l y w o o d , a n d p r e f a b r i c a t e d W o o d e n b o x e s , o t h e r t h a n c i g a r ............ M i s c e l l a n e o u s w o o d p r o d u c t s .................. FURNITURE AND FIXTURES................... Wood household furniture, M e t a l o f f i c e f u r n i t u r e ....................... Part i t i o n s , s h e lving, lockers, and blinds, and m i s c e l l a n e o u s 30 1956 Aug. .1955 Aug. 1956 July 1956 Aug. 1955 Aug. 1956 July 1956 Aug. 1955 35.8 35.9 36.9 36.8 $1.46 $1.45 1.73 $1.35 I .65 36.0 36.2 37.7 37.1 37.3 1.25 1.25 1.24 1.12 1.28 1.12 1.61 1.60 1.26 1.26 1.11 1.16 ♦53-29 64.44 151.91 62.11 $49.82 36.5 60.72 36.2 45-75 46.00 46.34 40.54 57-48 45.00 44.89 42.22 41.92 43.27 33.29 54.21 54.00 39.35 69.34 44.16 41.92 48.41 36.6 56.80 44.98 73.03 48.55 46.24 51.91 64.90 49.45 50.76 52.78 46.75 39.96 55.65 53.48 43.88 73.03 47.12 44.63 50.69 61.75 49.18 49.08 52.68 48.00 59.05 55.38 45.67 74.75 81.79 76.96 77.38 50.52 97.88 72.54 79.00 73-75 74.15 57-92 57.63 37.1 37.1 36.2 36.2 36.0 50.03 35-7 35-5 35-7 35.8 36.5 36.7 36.3 38.4 36.9 37.6 37.7 35.0 34.5 35.1 35.8 35.7 35.7 35.7 35.9 36.7 36.9 37.1 44.37 53.27 54.35 37.5 39.9 39.0 35.4 39.4 40.3 39.1 72.21 40.3 39.5 40.3 40.3 41.4 39.2 41.5 39.8 42.1 42.1 43.4 40.8 60.70 46.62 44.65 Average hourly earnings 40.3 35.9 36.0 36.1 35-2 36.8 1.78 1.24 2.04 1.33 37.1 36.4 37.7 37.6 36.9 37.9 1.43 I .69 1.34 1.35 1.40 37-6 1.28 38.6 1.26 1.48 1.42 1.59 1.55 1.25 2.04 1.32 1.25 1.42 1.72 1.34 1.33 1.42 1.29 1.47 1.43 1.13 •95 1.51 1.50 1.09 1.97 1.20 1.13 1.33 1.61 1.24 1.21 1.32 1.18 1.38 1.39 2.37 2.36 1.74 2.05 1.73 1.74 1.07 2.27 1.84 1.83 I .85 1.82 1.78 1.75 49.68 81.59 72.83 73.25 46.44 92.51 92.62 41.3 41.1 41.6 41.6 42.1 41.3 75.26 75.21 74.80 58.32 57-37 60.27 74.74 73-53 74.52 57.94 57.40 60.53 74.40 73.68 77.53 52.79 52.91 57.96 40.9 41.1 41.1 40.5 40.4 41.0 40.4 40.4 40.5 40.8 41.0 40.9 41.8 42.1 42.6 40.3 40.7 41.4 1.44 1.42 1.47 1.84 1.42 1.40 1.48 70.21 66.17 63.28 67.13 68.46 64.79 41.3 41.1 40.2 39.8 42.0 41.8 1.70 1.61 1.67 1.59 1.63 41.5 40.0 42.1 40.7 37.6 40.2 42.3 41.4 42.0 1.43 1.79 1.42 1.77 1.38 1.70 1.85 1.80 1.76 41.4 41.6 41.0 43.1 44.1 42.5 I .90 1.64 I .89 2.08 2.09 1.80 1.58 1.98 1.81 1.99 1.85 1.86 1.20 1.82 1.80 2.00 1.83 1.84 1.20 1.82 1.31 1.30 1.40 1.55 except Wood household furniture, upholstered... M a t t r e s s e s a n d b e d s p r i n g s ................... Office, publ i c - b u i l d i n g , and p r o f e ssional Screens, July Average weekly hours 59.35 57-79 58.37 71.60 66.55 70.38 77.89 72.36 73.92 77.58 80.37 70.52 86.74 67.39 85.69 84.15 42.3 43.0 41.7 87.36 84.05 85.04 41.8 41.0 42.1 2.09 2.05 2.02 65.61 66.26 66.30 40.5 40.9 41.7 1.62 1.62 1.59 78.25 69.68 1.62 furni- Hours and Earnings T a b l e C-1: H o u r s a n d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings Industry PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS............... P u l p , p a p e r , a n d p a p e r b o a r d m i l l s .......... P a p e r b o a r d c o n t a i n e r s a n d b o x e s ............ F i b e r cans, t u b e s , a n d d r u m s ................. O t h e r p a p e r a n d a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ............ PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES........................... Aug. 1956 $84.12 92.40 76.96 76.73 77.76 73.16 94.04 99-08 Alkalies a n d c h l o r i n e ......................... except synthetic r u b b e r ........ Paints, varnishes, lacquers, and F e r t i l i z e r s ........................................ V e g e t a b l e a n d a n i m a l o i l s a n d f a t s ........ perfumes, c o s m e t i c s ..... other petroleum and coal products.. RUBBER PRODUCTS........................ Tires and i n n e r t u b e s .......................... LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS............ Leather: tanned, curried, and finished... I n d u s t r i a l leather belting and packing... B o o t a n d s h o e c u t s t o c k a n d f i n d i n g s ..... 2.08 2.09 2.01 39.0 39.3 2.83 2.80 2.72 87.33 96.17 95-53 87.54 94.42 92.92 93.07 93.68 103.75 79.20 82.81 4 l.l 2.13 2.34 2.33 2.27 2.13 2.32 2.30 2.27 2.01 2.21 2.20 87.36 99.96 74.21 2.13 2.26 2.56 2.22 2.50 2.08 2.38 1.86 86.18 82.00 41.2 40.8 40.2 40.8 42.0 42.0 39.9 40.0 40.3 2.16 2.16 2.05 1.85 2.20 2.10 2.30 2.00 95-37 92.73 96.56 90.86 87.36 9**76 85.40 41.4 41.2 41.7 41.3 41.7 41.6 41.2 42.7 69.30 84.12 73.15 62.47 86.67 72.82 66.10 82.06 41.4 42.7 *1.5 *3.5 42.0 *5.3 40.2 41.4 43.9 42.0 44.4 42.9 46.1 40.2 38.3 42.0 42.7 43.8 41.1 44.4 43.2 46.1 4o.6 38.4 43.4 41.8 41.5 43.1 41.0 40.4 42.8 39.7 39.1 41.3 42.1 39.1 41.0 2.53 1.79 1.94 1.80 38.3 39.7 40.0 1.50 1.88 1.50 1.87 1.78 1.43 1.45 100.19 87.57 84.46 83.63 77.70 76.86 67.65 76.13 66.08 89.67 107.06 91.80 87.85 101.45 70.35 78.76 56.25 74.07 69.45 53-25 54.02 1.62 1.82 2.25 2.31 1.45 1.76 74.56 78.14 70.36 86.90 89.88 74.30 61.44 88.54 107.01 111.22 97.58 99.79 77.99 65.ll 92.67 89.88 86.15 86.32 98.14 102.72 71.28 77.78 57.00 73. *9 71.20 54.05 54.96 67.25 75.85 53.24 71.86 70.00 52.11 50.67 39.1 *1.9 40.9 40.4 42.5 40.3 40.1 39.3 40.6 37.5 39.4 40.7 40.4 41.0 42.2 41.5 39.8 39.9 40.5 4 1 .4 39.6 40.3 38.0 38.8 39.3 40.0 37.5 37.0 37.8 37.9 38.6 38.1 2.40 2.33 2.39 78.57 90.17 88.44 2.35 2.31 2.39 1.59 1.84 41.0 41.1 41.0 40.8 42.2 42.2 39.4 40.3 40.0 99-70 87.57 PRODUCTS OF PETROLEUM AND COAL.......... 103.48 Coke, 2.66 39.2 86.07 77-59 oils, 2.44 2.43 2.75 2.39 106.90 67.62 Essential 2.76 109.20 83.81 and p o l i s h i n g g l y c e r i n .............................. 2.43 110.94 90.67 and 1.78 4 o .i 78.00 Soap 38.9 35-9 41.0 40.5 40.1 40.6 37.8 39.7 1.78 69.87 87.05 cleaning 38.6 Aug. 1955 ♦1.85 1.96 1.77 1.76 I .89 1.69 62.69 108.03 76.83 Soap, 38.7 35.9 41.0 40.7 39.7 40.4 37.9 Aug. July 1956 1956 ♦1.97 ♦1.96 2.10 2.09 1.85 1.84 1.84 1.83 1.92 1.93 71.71 92.62 Plastics, Aug. 1955 43.2 44.4 *2.5 42.6 40.8 41.5 73.78 96.56 60.26 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS........... July 1956 43.0 44.6 41.2 41.4 39.2 41.5 35.9 40.0 40.1 39.8 40.4 38.7 39.* 84.66 91.71 93.80 98.73 95.60 Aug. 1956 42.7 44.0 41.6 *1.7 40.5 41.1 Average hourly earnings 91.42 95.49 98.40 81.41 90.23 93.79 54.81 100.04 B o o k b i n d i n g a n d r e l a t e d i n d u s t r i e s ........ M i s c e l l a n e o u s p u b l i s h i n g and p rinting Aug. July1956 1955 $84.28 ♦79.92 93.21 87.02 75.81 75.23 75.76 74.98 75.66 77.11 73.87 70.14 Average weekly hours 1.95 1.95 2.19 1.99 1.94 2.42 2.42 2.10 2.10 2.04 2.02 1.80 1.63 1.75 1.61 1.90 1.77 I .65 1.76 1.64 1.88 1.97 1.67 1.52 1.64 1.53 1.78 1.93 I .69 2.14 1.94 1.70 2.14 2.04 2.53 2.65 2.56 2.68 2.47 2.16 2.15 2.18 2.17 2.51 1.79 1.42 1.46 1.93 1.83 1.60 2.38 2.10 2.09 2.44 1.72 I .85 1.39 1.81 1.75 1.35 1.33 2L Hours and Earnings T a b l e C-l: H o u r s r i d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings Industry LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS - Continued L u g g a g e .............................................. H a n d b a g s a n d s m a l l l e a t h e r g o o d s ........... G l oves and m i s c e l l a n e o u s leather goods... S T O N E , C L A Y , A N D G L A S S P R O D U C T S .............. P l a t g l a s s ......................................... G l a s s a n d g l a s s w a r e , p r e s s e d or b l o w n . . . . P r e s s e d a n d b l o w n g l a s s ...................... G lass pro d u c t s made of p u r c h a s e d glass... B r i c k a n d h o l l o w t i l e ......................... F l o o r a n d w a l l t i l e . . . .......... . S e w e r p i p e ........................................ C l a y r e f r a c t o r i e s .............................. P o t t e r y a n d r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s ................ Concrete, gypsum, and p l a s t e r products... C o n c r e t e p r o d u c t s .............................. C u t - s t o n e a n d s t o n e p r o d u c t s ................ Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral P R I M A R Y M E T A L I N D U S T R I E S ....................... B l a s t furnaces, ste e l works, and r o lling B l a s t furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills, except e l e c t r o m e t a l l u r g i c a l p r o d u c t s ......................................... G r a y - i r o n f o u n d r i e s ........................... M a l l e a b l e - i r o n f o u n d r i e s ..... ............... Prim a r y s melting and refining of n o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s .............................. P r i m a r y s m e l t i n g and r e f i n i n g of Secondary smelting and refining drawing, and alloying Aug. 1956 July 1956 Aug. Aug. 1956 July 1956 Aug. 1955 Aug. 1956 July . 1956 Aug. 1955 $62.73 50.76 1+9*88 $6 1 .6 9 50.09 1+7.82 ¿56.1+7 1+7.88 *4-6 . 5 0 39-7 37-6 37.5 38.8 37.9 3 8 .O 31.58 37.5 $1.59 1.35 1.31 $l.*+9 1-35 1.33 80.95 IO.3O 80.36 112.06 77.93 112.83 *1.3 1+0.7 1+1 . 2 1H.9 1+2 . 1 1.96 2.71 1.96 2.72 79.19 81.97 75.07 75.17 77.16 72.01+ 66.72 79-^9 70.89 69.32 69.^3 71.51 39.^ 39.6 39.8 .1+ 2.01 83.63 75.66 1+0 ko.k 38.8 39-8 2.03 2.07 1.95 1+0 . 0 41.7 1+ 1 .1+ 1+^.7 1+3-6 1+0 . 6 i+l.l 1 68.68 67.20 85.90 87.78 73.98 7 1 . ¿+0 76.07 7^.56 77.16 71.63 81+. 55 73.57 71.99 7^.52 76.59 7^.77 67.07 82.06 81.07 69.83 69.63 8 l. 1+0 a n d h e a v y - r i v e t e d p i p e .............. 1+1 . 8 *1 .3 1+1 . 1 1+] . 1 1+2 . 5 1+2 . 6 1+0 . 9 1+0 . 3 1+ 1 38.2 1+0 . 5 .1+ 37.2 1+0 . 2 38.2 . 2.07 1.92 1.70 1 . 21 ) 1.86 2.68 1.87 1.91 1.8 1 1.68 1.60 2.10 1.92 1.80 1.79 1.68 1.69 l .86 1.81+ 1.70 1.59 1.71 1 . 71 + 1.99 1.77 1.77 2.08 1.85 1.85 2.02 2.01 67.26 38.1 35.3 38.0 1.88 80.71 78.20 1+5 . 7 U6 . 1 1+5 . 0 1+5 . 8 1+ 5 . 6 1+6 . 0 1.85 1.78 69.39 1+0 . 6 1+1 . 2 ¿+3.1 1.72 1.90 I .83 1.77 1.69 79.99 87.52 81.93 85.90 1+0 . 1 39.6 1+1 . 8 1.96 39.6 2.03 2.21 2.02 38 . 8 2.21 1+2 82.35 1.70 1.61 85.75 88-19 7 8 . i+c 82.21 85.10 1+0 . 7 2.08 2.02 2.09 1.97 73.59 81+. 3 7 .1+ 35.8 i+l.l 1+3 . 2 33.0 38.7 2.19 2.23 2.18 92.75 91.1+8 91.9* 39.3 1+0 . 3 1+0 . 5 2.36 2.27 2.27 95.13 96.1+7 96.96 37.9 38.9 39.9 2.51 2 .1+8 2.1+3 95.51 85.53 97.25 85.53 97.36 87.76 37.9 38.7 38.9 39.9 2.52 2.50 2 38.7 1+ I . 2 2.21 2.21 2.13 86.30 85.26 83.83 2.06 8O .96 2.06 1.99 1.99 88.62 39*3 1+1.7 2.05 2 .01 + 93-*1 81.19 93.66 ¿+1.5 *+1.5 1+1 . 0 1+2 . 0 2.02 82.59 81.59 U0 . 6 1+0 . 2 39.8 1+2 . 0 2.10 8 2 . 1+1 1+0 . 9 1+0 . 8 2 .11 dh.05 2.2k 2.?3 2 .11 91.39 93 82.08 1+0 . 8 V' . 7 38.9 2.2k 2 .11 90.1+9 92.79 92.1+2 9 I+.5 I+ 75-95 8 9 . 1+2 1+ 1 . 7 1+2 . 2 37.6 1+0 .1+ 1+0 . 1 2.17 . 1+1 2 2.19 2.3* 2.02 38.5 86.11 83.21 82.71 1+ 1 . 8 1+1 .1+ 1+2 . 2 2.06 2.01 1.96 89.55 89.91 81+. 81+ 39-8 1+0.5 1+0 .1+ 2.25 2.22 2.10 90.35 90.32 83.62 1+0 . 7 ¿+0.5 1+0 . 2 2.22 2.23 2.08 87.86 89.21+ 2.12 ko.k 100.38 1+0 . 8 1+2 . 0 2.30 2.19 2.35 2 .1+6 2.22 1+0 . 9 1+0 . 2 1+0.7 1+0 . 0 89.13 96.61+ 81+. 8 0 81+. 0 3 95.72 38.2 89.57 9^-75 89.33 ¿+1.5 l+o. 3 1+2.3 39.7 2.28 2.25 2.29 2.39 2.21+ 2.33 2.28 2.25 96.35 100.37 91+.62 32. 76.02 39.1 1+0 .1+ 1+ 1 . 0 1.26 .U i 2 .21 + .1+1+ 2.23 of N o n f e r r o u s f o u n d r i e s ............................ Miscellaneous primary metal industries... I r o n a n d s t e e l f o r g i n g s ...................... Welded 80.79 37.1 36.5 1955 of Rolling, drawing and alloy i n g of n o n f e r r o u s m e t a l s .............................. R o lling, drawing, and alloy i n g of Rolling, Average hourly earnings Average weekly hours 93.90 101.93 93.60 9 I+.I6 1+ 1 . 0 1+1.3 1+1 . 1 1+1 . 6 1+1 . 3 1+1 . 8 2.19 2.3*+ 2 . 1+8 2.08 . Hours and Earnings T a b l e C-l: H o u r s a n d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. 1956 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS (EXCEPT ORDNANCE, MACHINERY, AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT). $84.04 T i n c a n s a n d o t h e r t i n w a r e ................... C u t l e r y , h a n d t o o l s , a n d h a r d w a r e .......... C u t l e r y a n d e d g e t o o l s ........................ 93-52 80.40 S a n i t a r y w are and plumbers' supplies.... Oil burners, n o n e l e c t r i c h eating and cooking apparatus, not e lsewhere Structural steel S h e e t - m e t a l w o r k ............................... M etal stamping, coating, and e n graving... a n d p r e s s e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ....... f i x t u r e s ................................ Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.. M e t a l sh i p p i n g barrels, drums, kegs, B o l t s , n u t s , w a s h e r s , a n d r i v e t s .......... S c r e w - m a c h i n e p r o d u c t s ........................ MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL)........... E n g i n e s a n d t u r b i n e s ............................ S t e a m engines, turbines, and water D i e s e l and o ther i n t e r n a l - c o m b u s t i o n e n g i n e s , n o t e l s e w h e r e c l a s s i f i e d ....... A g r i c u l t u r a l m a c h i n e r y a n d t r a c t o r s ....... Agricultural $ 83.6* 93.52 78.80 71.33 Aug. 1955 Aug. July 1956 Aug. 1955 Aug. 1956 July 1956 1956 Aug. 1955 $82.78 90.23 79-32 40.6 *2.9 * 1.6 *3.8 * 1 .1 *0.7 *0.3 * 1.6 $2.07 $2.05 $1.99 2.18 2.18 2.06 67.97 76.97 * 0.8 *2.9 * 0.0 *0.3 * 0.1 39.8 1.99 1.77 2.03 2 .0* 1.97 1.77 1.99 2.03 1.93 1.67 1.91 2.02 82.21 79-80 80.79 84.03 80.00 78.39 77-97 79-60 39-8 39.3 39-0 37.8 * 0.* 2.01 80.89 39.6 2.09 2.01 2 .1* 2.01 78.80 85.63 77-03 77-11 85.90 84.65 *0.0 * 0.2 39.5 * 1 .1 * 0.8 *1.7 1.97 2.13 1.95 2.09 1.89 2.03 82.26 85.49 85.68 38.8 *1.3 * 2.0 2.12 2.07 2 .0* 83.16 82.21 85.05 89.46 86.71 83.03 82.41 39.6 * 1.0 *2.0 * 0.8 39.9 * 1 .1 *0.1 *0.7 *1.3 *0.3 *0.5 *2.0 *0.9 * 0.2 * 1.2 * 0.0 * 0.* * 1 .* *0.9 * 1.0 *2.1 * 1.6 * 1.2 * 2.0 *0.9 *0.9 *2.5 2.10 2 .1* 2.16 2.11 2 .0* 2.10 2.03 2.13 2.05 2.05 1.67 *2.2 * 1.0 *0.8 * 1.6 *6.1 *0 .* * 1.0 * 1.3 *3.* *0.5 *3.2 *2.3 2.26 2 .1* 2.08 2.00 82.14 and o r n a m e n t a l metal M e t a l doors, sash, frames, mo l d i n g , and t r i m .............................................. Stamped Lighting 1956 machinery 87.74 90.72 86.09 67.83 90.42 76.59 79-37 84.25 67.13 91-05 86.31 85.28 68.80 89.04 75.60 78-53 77.16 84.04 76.89 83.73 93.74 1.67 2.20 2.21 I .89 1.91 1-95 2 .0* 95-37 87.74 84.86 107.87 88.07 83.20 82.60 91.94 92.97 91.74 94.16 86.94 * 1.6 * 0.6 * 1.7 * 1.3 * 1.6 * 0.6 2.21 88.51 96.88 97.11 91.25 * 0.2 * 1.5 91.98 93-52 87.74 86.55 85.14 *0.7 39.7 39.* 83.23 85.05 87.70 80.79 2.12 1.70 1.91 2.03 2.3* 2.18 2.03 1.93 2.01 2.12 1.92 1.88 1-97 2.16 2.10 2.00 2.03 1.91 2.29 2.20 2.28 2.18 39.5 2.*1 2.3* 2.31 * 1.2 39-6 * 0.2 * 1.0 * 0.1 * 1.0 2.26 2.18 2.26 2.27 2.15 2.20 2 .1* 2.06 2.16 2.09 89.04 88.44 82.61 88.56 83.81 90.91 81.30 89.24 75-85 . *0.1 88,80 *1.7 38.9 *1.7 39.1 *2.9 2.09 2.18 2.09 2 .1 * 1.9* 2.07 89.21 88.15 88.39 94.59 92.87 * 2.7 *3.5 *3.7 2.16 2.21 2.*1 2.*0 2.27 **.8 * 1.0 *3.6 **.5 *5.1 2.06 106.80 103.28 * 1.3 *2.8 **.3 2.15 2.13 106.76 103.49 89.61 99.20 96.14 * * .1 2.31 2.29 2.18 94.73 114.75 96.73 114.30 *2.1 * 5.0 * 2.8 *5-0 *2.9 * 3.8 2.25 2.55 2.26 102.93 2.5* 2.19 2.35 89.04 89.44 76.63 89.04 90.94 75-67 82.17 2.10 2.15 2.10 2.16 2 .0* 1.86 2.10 1.85 1.78 89.80 *2 .* * 2.1 *0.9 *6 .* * 1.5 * 1.5 *1 .1 96.98 *2 .* * 1.6 * 1.2 *6 .* * 3.0 2.09 2.00 2.3* 2.37 2.19 (except C o n s t r u c t i o n a n d m i n i n g m a c h i n e r y .......... C o n s t r u c t i o n and m i n i n g m a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t f o r o i l f i e l d s . . . . .................. O i l - f i e l d m a c h i n e r y a n d t o o l s .............. M e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e r y ......................... M a c h i n e t o o l s .................................... Met a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e r y (except machine Special-industry machinery (except 93-95 2.07 metal- P o o d - p r o d u c t s m a c h i n e r y ...................... T e x t i l e m a c h i n e r y .............................. P a p e r - i n d u s t r i e s m a c h i n e r y .................. P r i n t i n g - t r a d e s m a c h i n e r y and equipment. Average hourly earnings 39-9 *0.9 *0.3 70.62 83.03 H a r d w a r e ..................................... . H e a t i n g a p p a r a t u s (except ele c t r i c ) and July Average weekly hours 97-44 100.62 104.75 84.66 73-16 90.45 **.2 **.9 * 1.3 1.98 33 H o u r s .il k mm amines Table C-1: Hours and gross earnings of production workers or nonsupervisory employees - Continued Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. 1956 MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRICAL) - Continued G e n e r a l i n d u s t r i a l m a c h i n e r y ................ P u m p s , a i r a n d g a s c o m p r e s s o r s ............ C o n v e y o r s a n d c o n v e y i n g e q u i p m e n t ........ B l o w e r s , e x h a u s t and v e n t i l a t i n g fans... I n d u s t r i a l t r u c k s , t r a c t o r s , e t c .......... M echanical power-transmission equipment. M e c h a n i c a l s tokers and i ndustrial f u r n a c e s a n d o v e n s ........................... Office and store machines and devices.... Computing machines and cash registers... T y p e w r i t e r s .................................. . Se rvice-industry and household machines.. D o m e s t i c l a u n d r y e q u i p m e n t .................. C o m m e r c i a l laundry, d r y - c l e a n i n g , and p r e s s i n g m a c h i n e s ............................. S e w i n g m a c h i n e s ................................. Re f r i g e r a t o r s and air-cond i t i o n i n g $92*84 89.24 98.04 86.94 88.10 96.35 Telephone, telegraph, and r e l a t e d e q u i p m e n t ........................................ M i s c e l l a n e o u s e l e c t r i c a l p r o d u c t s ......... S t o r a g e b a t t e r i e s .............................. P r i m a r y b a t t e r i e s ( d r y a n d w e t ) ........... X - r a y and n o n - r a d i o e l e c t r o n i c tubes.... 3* Aug. 1956 July 1956 _ Aug. 1955 42.2 41.7 *1.6 *1.3 *0.6 *2.1 *1.9 *2.3 $2.20 2.1* $2.18 41.4 40.6 43.4 *1.6 *1.2 *2.0 *1.7 39* *+ *1.8 $2.06 1.99 2.13 *0.8 *1.3 *2.* *0.5 *0 .* *0.1 *1.3 39.8 *0.* 39.^ *0.3 39.8 2.33 1.97 2.1 * 81.59 41.8 40.7 41.1 40.9 39.7 39.1 2.21 2.17 2.07 2.25 1.89 2.03 2.05 93.50 78.81 82.19 4l.l 39.8 *1 .1 *2.5 *1.7 39.9 1.96 2.17 1.96 1.89 2.20 2.06 82.00 85.28 81.81 39.6 40.7 40.1 *0.0 *1.6 *0.5 *3.1 *1.6 2.16 2.15 2.17 2.13 2.1 * 2.12 2.05 2.05 2.11 2.15 2.12 2.13 2.02 2.11 2.02 86.48 84.20 85.90 88.83 82.39 90.90 74.47 81.81 43.0 2.28 2.10 2.17 2.12 2.27 2.10 2.00 2.05 2.22 2.13 2.19 2.19 2.16 2.18 2.18 2.06 2.3* 1.99 2.12 2.10 89.25 90.94 84.03 4o.l 42.0 80.60 79.40 76.14 40.5 1*0 .1 to. 5 1.99 1.98 1.88 87.33 74.80 87.14 79.59 4i.o 4o.o *1.3 *0 .* *0.* 39.6 2.13 1.87 2.11 70.09 1.87 1.97 1.77 84.25 84.66 79.73 4o.7 *0.7 *1 .1 2.07 2.08 1.9* 79.37 78.39 74.30 40.7 1*0.2 *0.6 1.95 1.95 1.83 90.09 96.53 90.01 84.65 4o.4 2.19 2.09 2.20 2.01 2.16 1.96 87.02 89.24 98.67 81.60 83.78 83.79 84.80 82.19 *0.0 *0.7 *0.1 *0.1 *1.9 85.54 87.51 Electrical generating, transmission, distribution, and indus t r i a l apparatus.. W i r i n g d e v i c e s a n d s u p p l i e s ................ C a r b o n and g r a phite p r o d u c t s R a d i o s , p h o n o g r a p h s , t e l e v i s i o n se t s , a n d e q u i p m e n t .................................. Aug. 1955. 85.08 80.56 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY........................................ I n s u l a t e d w i r e a n d c a b l e . . . . . ................ E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t f o r v e h i c l e s .......... E l e c t r i c l a m p s .................................... 1956 88.94 90.03 99.22 80.56 84.61 90.30 P o w e r a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n t r a n s f o r m e r s ..... Switchgear, switchboard, and industrial c o n t r o l s ......................................... July 1956 $85.70 80.60 85.65 87.02 86.37 Aug. Aug. .1955 $90.69 87.34 95.34 87.57 83.92 91.54 91.54 87.91 95.76 80.57 84.96 86.41 M i s c e l l a n e o u s m a c h i n e r y p a r t s ........ ,.... F a b r i c a t e d pipe, fittings, and valves... B a l l a n d r o l l e r b e a r i n g s ..................... M a c h i n e s h o p s ( j o b a n d r e p a i r ) ............ E l e c t r i c a l indicating, meas u r i n g , and r e c o r d i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ....................... Motors, generators, and m o t o r - g e n e r a t o r July1956 Average hourly earnings Average weekly hours 86.69 85.81 85.01 75.55 93.72 90.29 102.56 81.18 82.98 81.56 82.81 42.9 *1 .1 *2.6 I10.5 *1.2 2.23 2.25 77-62 95.82 78.57 74.75 41.7 42.9 40.0 42.1 39.9 39.9 4o.2 *1.8 **.* 39.6 *1.7 39. ^ 39.5 39.2 39.6 *5.2 *0.5 *1.3 *1.3 39.6 *0 .* 2.1 * 2.30 2.0* 2.10 1.81 1.88 1.87 1.70 1.79 39.8 37.2 39.9 39.6 1.83 1.73 1.83 1.71 1.66 39.3 *0.2 39.7 *0.0 *0.5 *3.9 *0.3 *2.1 39.5 *0.2 1-91 2.13 85.08 75.58 72.22 71.50 73.30 67.32 72.32 73.20 67.47 72.83 69.43 65.74 4o.o 92.82 84.89 76.38 83.77 92.63 73.75 42.0 4o.6 86.31 61.62 80.80 39.6 41.6 77.55 87.12 63.36 90.27 63.61 63.20 86.67 39.0 40.9 1.99 2.21 1.60 2.17 2.31 2.05 1.99 2.07 1.81 2.16 1.90 2.11 1.58 2.1 * 2.12 1.9* 1.81 2.06 1.7* 2.11 1.83 2.05 1.56 2.01 Hours and Earnings T a b l e C-l: H o u r s a n d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or nonsupervisory e m p l o y e e s - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT................ Aug. 1955 $92.06 95.45 40.8 39.6 93.62 93.77 83.23 82.21 80.60 39.5 40.8 40.3 42.3 42.0 43.1 42.3 42.5 40.0 40.0 40.1 38.4 40.9 36.5 40.5 $94.66 9Z.66 Motor vehicles, bodies, parts, and Average weekly hours July 1956 $93.84 92.97 IS Industry L o c o m o t i v e s a n d p a r t s ......................... R a i l r o a d a n d s t r e e t c a r s ..................... O t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t .............. 94.89 85.41 78.57 101.01 78.00 96.28 81.18 83.01 88.97 89.19 86.37 95.67 90.91 83.67 87.47 66.50 93.25 98.47 89.44 79.87 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS........ 82.01 8l.4l 77.55 96.25 95.40 81.80 T r u c k a n d b u s b o d i e s .......................... T r a i l e r s ( t r u c k a n d a u t o m o b i l e ) ........... A i r c r a f t ........................................... A i r c r a f t e n g i n e s a n d p a r t s ........ ......... A i r c r a f t p r o p e l l e r s a n d p a r t s .............. O t h e r a i r c r a f t p a r t s a n d e q u i p m e n t ....... S h i p a n d b o a t b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g ...... S h i p b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g .................. B o a t b u i l d i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g .................. 97.29 97.02 98.70 94.75 96.90 90.80 93.20 75.79 Mechanical scientific, measuring and en gineering a n d c l o c k s .............................. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.... J e w e l r y , s i l v e r w a r e , a n d p i t t e d w a r e ...... J e w e l r y a n d f i n d i n g s .......................... S i l v e r w a r e a n d p l a t e d w a r e .................. Games, toys, dolls, and C h i l d r e n ' s v e h i c l e s .......................................... S p o r t i n g a n d a t h l e t i c g o o d s ................. P e n s , p e n c i l s , o t h e r o f f i c e s u p p l i e s ..... C o s t u m e j e w e l r y , b u t t o n s , n o t i o n s .......... Other manufacturing 88.80 91-83 72.50 97.17 i n d u s t r i e s .............. July 1956 40.8 39.9 Aug. 1955 4l.i 41-5 . 39-9 39.9 39-7 41.9 41.7 42.2 42.6 42.3 4o.O 4o.l 39.4 41.5 41.0 41.3 41.0 4l.l 39.8 42.9 41.7 39.1 39.4 Aug. July 1956 _ 1956 $2.32 $2.30 2.3* 2.33 2.37 2.0* 2.0* 2.30 2.31 2.29 2.2* 2.26 40.9 2.27 2.33 1.89 2.33 43.0 2.32 38.0 2.35 2.02 2.05 2.29 2.29 2.28 2.28 2.29 2.22 2.29 1 .8* Aug. 1955 $2.2* 2.30 2.32 1.98 2.01 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.23 2.18 2.1 * 2.22 1.75 4o.o 39.4 4l.6 2.3* 1.9* 40.6 4o.5 40.6 2.02 2.01 1.91 89.19 42.4 42.4 4l.l 2.27 2.25 2.17 81.80 83.02 78.57 76.78 40.1 40.1 40.9 4o.3 40.5 40.2 2.0* 2.06 2.0* 2.06 1.9* 1.91 71.51 63.52 92.70 71.34 70.75 64.80 69.53 62.22 40.9 4o.4 40.9 1.76 1.60 68.90 4o.2 4o.0 4o .9 38.7 1.77 70.05 4o.4 39.7 41.2 39.2 39.6 1.82 1.62 2.2* 1.81 1.70 1.5* 2.09 1.7* 69.77 72.45 67.57 84.22 68.90 66.50 70.89 66.56 4o.i 4o.3 1.7* 1.75 1 .6* 1.7* 1.75 1.65 2.01 2.00 80.97 62.01 79.37 39.6 39.7 39.4 4o.6 40.7 93.38 and co ntrolling O p t i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s a n d l e n s e s .............. Surgical, medical, ana dental instru- Watches 96.22 97.13 96.87 1956 2.37 2.36 2.37 1.95 89.47 Laboratory, 81.39 95.95 95.49 Aug* Average hourly earnings 84.25 61.54 62.69 66.01 59.52 75.76 74.19 91.62 69.48 65.01 81.20 61.69 61.23 61.82 65.93 60.13 74.21 73.87 85.48 79-84 73.16 59.65 59.40 60.52 61.56 58.56 71-75 70.30 4l.4 41.2 41.9 4l.l 39.0 4i.o 42.8 39.4 41.7 2.25 38.8 41.6 41.8 40.2 39.5 39-2 38.7 4l.o 38.4 41.4 39.0 38.4 40.2 38.3 39.6 39.3 40.5 39.3 1.57 1.57 1.62 1.61 1.61 1 .6* 4o.i 39-5 4i.o 4o.4 1.83 1.85 1.81 1.87 4i.o 1.97 1.59 1.95 1.59 1.55 1.57 2.28 2.29 2.27 1.92 1.65 1.70 1.60 1.91 1.82 1.51 1.50 1.5* 1.52 l.*9 1.75 1.7* 35 Hours and Earnings T a b l e C-lt H o u r s a n d gross e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. . Average weekly hours July Aug. I 956 1955 1956 $65.30 (¿/) $85.67 85.73 $83.61 8 1 . *0 72.89 7 *. 21 61 . 3* 86.28 91. *6 9* . 2* 85.86 -125.6 Average hourly earnings July Aug. Aug. July Aug. 1956 1955 1956 _ 1956 1955 (I /) *3.3 * 0.6 *3.3 *3.1 *3-3 $1.97 (i/) $ 2 .11 1.98 $1.9* 72.76 59.52 39.* 37.7 39.9 * 0.2 38.* 1.85 1.60 1.86 1.6 1 1.8 1 38.1 102.75 85. 2* 105.08 *3 .* *2.5 * 2.2 *5.1 * 2 .* 2.32 2.33 79.71 2.03 2.02 1.88 92.32 9*. 69 87.78 89.*5 80.80 * 1.2 *1.7 *0.5 * 1 .* *1.9 * 0.6 * 1.6 * 1.8 * 0 .* 2.22 2.26 2.12 2.23 2.26 2.13 2.11 2 . 1* 2.00 * 2.2 2.26 2.26 2 . 1* .. Aug. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: T R A N S P O R T A T ! OH : Local railways and bus l i n e s ................................ 1.88 COMMUNICATION: S w i t c h b o a r d o p e r a t i n g e m p l o y e e s 2J. . . Line c o n s t r u c t i o n , inst a l l a t i o n , and maintenance employees ............... T e l e g r a p h _4j .................................... OTHER PUBLIC 60.32 100.69 * * .1 1.55 2.33 UTILITIES: G a s a n d e l e c t r i c u t i l i t i e s .................. E l e c t r i c l i g h t a n d p o w e r u t i l i t i e s ............ G a s u t i l i t i e s ................................... Ele c t r i c light and gas u t i l i t i e s com b i n e d ............................................ 86.*8 92.66 93.56 90.31 * 1.0 * 1 .* 81.81 82.22 77.55 *0.5 *0.5 * 0.6 2.02 2.03 1.91 61.78 **.50 62.17 60.19 * 2 . *8 39.1 35.6 39.1 35.5 39.6 35.7 1.58 1.25 1.59 **.73 1.26 1.52 1.19 50. 0* 65.62 83. *1 * 8.36 *7.88 63.73 80.59 * 6.77 36.0 36.0 38.6 36.0 **.0 35.* *3.9 35.3 39.1 *3.8 35.7 1.39 I .69 1.87 1.36 1.39 38.3 1.90 1.37 1.33 I .63 1 . 8* 1.31 69.97 7*. 30 67 . *6 71.50 * 2 .* *3.2 *1.9 *3.2 *1.9r *3.6 I .65 1.73 I .67 1.72 1.6 1 1 . 6* 62.11 58.67 78.03 9*. 75 78.32 97.16 7 *. 22 * 2.23 *2.23 *0.77 * 2.11 *8.77 i+2.*2 *9.90 * 0.*0 * 5.82 92.09 90.25 108.90 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: WHOLE SALE RETAIL T R A D E .......................................................... TRADE (EXCEPT FATING AND DRINKING P L A C E S ) .......................................................................... G e n e r a l m e r c h a n d i s e s t o r e s ............... . Dep a r t m e n t stores and general m a i l o r d e r h o u s e s ................................... F o o d a n d l i q u o r s t o r e s . , . , .................. A u t o m o t i v e a n d a c c e s s o r i e s d e a l e r s ....... A p p a r e l a n d a c c e s s o r i e s s t o r e s ............ O t h e r retail trade: F u r n i t u r e a n d a p p l i a n c e s t o r e s ........... L u m b e r a n d h a r d w a r e s u p p l y s t o r e s ....... 50. 0* 6**73 82.28 *8 . 1 * 69.96 7*. 7* FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: S e c u r i t y d e a l e r s a n d e x c h a n g e s ............ I n s u r a n c e c a r r i e r s ................. ........................................... 61.70 96.96 1.70 - - - _ - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - * 1.0 * 1.0 * 1.6 1.03 1.03 * 0.1 38.* * 0 .* * 0.0 38.5 1.05 1.05 39.6 1.27 1.26 1.19 - - - - - SERVICE AND MfSCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: H o t e l s , y e a r - r o u n d 5/.............................................. Personal services: L a u n d r i e s .................................................................................... C l e a n i n g a n d d y e i n g p l a n t s ................................... Motion pictures: M o t i o n -picture p r o d u c t i o n and dis t r i b u t i o n .......................................................................................... - .98 1.01 1/ Not available. 2/ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service as sistants: operating room instructors: and pay-station attendants. During 1955 such employees made up *1 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data. 3/ Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craftsmen; instal lation and exchange repair craftsmen: line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. During 1955 such employees made up 26 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in telephone establishments reporting hours and earnings data. */ Data relate to domestic employees except messengers and those compensated entirely on a commission basis. 5 / Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and tips, not included. * Women's outerwear - April 1956 average hourly earnings should have read $1.55» Adjusted Earnings T a b l e C-2: G r o s s a v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in selected industries, in current a n d 1 9 4 7 - 4 9 dollars Ye ar Bituminous-coal Laundries mining C u r r e n t 1947-49 C u r r e n t 1947-49 C u r r e n t 1947-49 Manufacturing Year and month Bituminous-coal Laundries mining C u r r e n t C u r r e n t 1947-49 1947-49 C u r r e n t 1947-49 Manufacturing Monthly data: Annual average: 1939.... $23.86 $40.17 $23.88 $40.20 $17.64 $29.70 1935 1940.... 25.20 42.07 24.71 41.25 17.93 29.93 Aug.... $76.33 $66.66 $ 94.50 $82.53 $40.40 $35.28 67.63 84.19 40.70 35.42 96.73 1941.... 29.58 47.03 30.86 49.06 18.69 29.71 Sept*•• 77.71 99.86 86.91 41.01 68.32 35.69 1942.... 36.65 52.58 35.02 50.24 20.34 29.18 Oct.... 78.50 96.03 83.50 41.11 35.75 79.52 69.15 1943.... 43.14 58.30 41.62 56.24 23.08 31.19 N o t ,,.. 68.18 25.95 34.51 Dec.... 79.71 92.18 41.31 36.02 69.49 105.73 1944.... 46.08 61.28 51.27 1945.... 44.39 57.72 52.25 67.95 27.73 36.06 1946.... 43.82 52.54 58.03 69.58 30.20 36.21 1956 68.54 104.22 90.94 41.51 36.22 194?.... 49.97 52.32 66.59 69.73 32.71 34.25 Jan.•.• 78.55 68.21 103.18 90.03 40.90 35.69 1948.... 54.14 52.67 72.12 70.16 34.23 33.30 Feb.... 78.17 Mar.... 78.78 68.68 102.38 89.26 41.70 36.36 36.66 91.78 42.12 1949.... 54.92 53.95 63.28 62.16 34.98 34.36 Apr.... 78.99 68.75 105.46 91.87 42.54 36.86 1950.... 59.33 57.71 70.35 68.43 35.47 34.50 May.... 79.00 68.46 106.02 68.15 107.82 36.96 92.79 42.95 1951.-... 64.71 58.30 77.79 70.08 37.81 34.06 June... 79.19 1952.... 67.97 59.89 78.09 68.80 38.63 34.04 1953.... 71.69 62.67 85.31 74.57 39.69 34.69 July... 79.00 67.52 102.16 87.32 42.42 36.26 62.60 80.85 70.43 40.10 34.93 Aug.. . • 79.60 68.15 102.58 87.83 42.11 36.05 1954.... 71.86 96.00 83.84 40.70 35-55 1955.... 76.52 66.83 Table C-3: Year Average weekly earnings, gross and net spendable, of production workers in manufacturing, in current and 1947-49 dollars Net spendable Gross average average w eekly earnings weekly earnings W o r k e r wi t h Worker with Index 3 dependents A m o u n t ( 1947-49 no d e p e n d e n t s C u r r e n t 1947-49 C u r r e n t 1947-49 = 100) Annual average: Net s p e n d a b l e G r o s s av e r a g e av e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n i n g s w e e k l y e ar n i n g s Worker with Index Worker with 3 dependents no d e p e n d e n t s A m o u n t ( 1947-49 C u r r e n t 1947-49 C u r r e n t 1947-49 = 100) Monthly data: 1939.... $23.86 1940.... 25.20 1941.... 29.58 1942.... 36.65 1943.... 43.14 1944.... 46.08 1945.... 44.39 1946.... 1947.... 1948.... Ye ar and month 43.82 49.97 54.14 1949.... 54.92 1950.... 59.33 1951.... 64.71 1952.... 67.97 1953.... 71.69 1954.... 71.86 1955.... 76.52 45.1 47.6 55.9 69.2 81.5 87.0 83.8 82.8 94.4 102.2 103.7 112.0 122.2 128.4 135.4 135.7 144.5 $23.58 $39.70 $ 23.62 $39.76 1955 24.69 41.22 24.95 41.65 $76.33 28.05 44.59 29.28 46.55 Sept.... 77.71 45.58 36.28 52.05 78.50 31.77 48.66 41.39 55.93 36.01 79.52 38.29 50.92 44.06 58.59 79.71 48.08 42.74 55.58 36.97 51.80 43.20 1956 45.23 37.72 42.76 44.77 48.24 50.51 78.55 46.14 53.17 51.72 47.43 78.17 48.09 51.09 54.04 55.66 58.54 59.55 63.15 47.24 49.70 48.68 49.04 51.17 51.87 55.15 53.83 57.21 61.28 63.62 66.58 66.78 70.45 52.88 78.78 78.99 79.00 79.19 55.65 55.21 June.... 56.05 58.20 July.... 79.00 79.60 58.17 61.53 144.2 146.8 146.3 150.2 150.5 $63.00 $55-02 $70.29 $61.39 64.08 55.77 71.40 62.14 62.69 64.70 56.31 72.03 65.49 56.95 72.85 63.35 65.64 57.23 73.00 63.61* 64.74 64.44 64.92 148.3 147.6 148.8 149.2 149.2 149.6 56.49 56.23 65.08 65.09 65.24 56.64 56.40 56.14 72.07 71.77 72.25 72.42 72.43 72.58 149.2 150.3 65.09 65.56 55.63 56.13 72.43 72.91 56.60 62.89 62.63 62.99 63.03 62.76 62.46 61.91 62.42 IL Adjusted Earnings T a b l e C-4: and Year and mont h A v e r a g e h o u r l y earnings, gross a n d e x c l u d i n g o v e r t i m e , a v e r a g e w e e k l y h o u r s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g Average Manufacturing hourly earnings Excluding Gross overtime Index Amount ( 1 9 4 7 - 4 9 - 10 0 ) D urable goods Average hourly earnings Average A v e r ac*e. weekly Excluding weekly Gross hours o v e r t i me hours Average Nondurable goods hourly earnings Gross Excluding overtime Average weekly hours Annual average : 19*1 .......... $0.729 $0.702 .805 19*2. .853 .961 .89* 19*3. 54.5 62.5 69.4 **.9 19**. 19*5. 19*6 . 1.019 .9*7 1.023 1/.963 1.086 1.051 73.5 1/74.8 81.6 *5.2 * 3 .* * 0.* 19*7. 93-0 *0.* *0.1 19*9. 1.237 1.350 l .*01 1950. 1951. 1952. l.*65 1.59 1.67 1953. 195*. 1955. 1.81 1.88 1.76 1.82 1955: Aug.. 1.88 19* 8 . IÏOV. . D ec.. 1956: Jan.. 1/ 1.292 1.122 1.250 1.366 l.*8o 1.61 125-0 1.537 1.67 1.77 1.71 132.8 136.6 * 0.', 1.87 141.3 39.7 *0.7 1.92 2.01 1.80 1.86 1.91 1.93 1.93 1.82 1.83 1 .8* 1.85 1.85 141.3 142.1 142.9 143.6 143.6 * 0.6 *0.9 *1.1 *1.2 *1.3 2.01 2 .0* 2 .0* 1.93 1.93 1.95 1.87 1.86 1.88 *0.7 *0.5 *0.* *0.3 *0.1 *0.2 * 0.1 * 0.2 1.90 July. 1.97 Aug.. 1.98 I .90 1.91 147-5 148.3 11-month 1.029 l/l.0*2 1.111 1.156 .976 * 0.5 * 0.7 * 0.7 109.9 1.90 1.90 1.91 A pr.. May.. June. 1.117 .881 118.8 l.*15 1.53 1.97 1.97 Mar.. $0.770 39.2 1.367 101.7 106.1 145.2 144.4 146.0 147.5 147.5 148.3 Feb.. $0.808 .9*7 1.059 l .*10 l .*69 1.77 Sept. O ct.. 1.198 1.310 *0.6 *2.9 1.96 average; August 38 1945 excluded because l.*3* 1.60 1.70 1.93 1.9* 1.96 1.96 2.05 1.97 1.97 2.06 1.98 1.98 2.06 2.05 2.06 2.08 2.08 2.09 2.07 2.10 1-99 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.01 2.03 of V J - d a y h o l i d a y period. *2.1 *5.1 *6.6 $0.6*0 •723 .803 $0.625 *6.6 **.1 * 0.2 .90* 1.015 .861 .81* I/.858 .698 .763 .981 38.9 *0.3 *2.5 *3.1 *2.3 *0.5 *0.6 * 0.5 39.5 1.278 1.325 1 .2*1 1.292 * 1.2 * 1.6 * 1.5 1.378 l .*8 1.5* 1.337 l.*3 l.*9 39.7 39.5 39.6 * 1.3 * 0.2 * 1 .* 1 .6l 1.66 39.5 39.0 1.71 1.56 I .61 1.66 * 1.1 *1.5 *1.7 *1.8 *2.0 1.70 1.72 1.72 1.7* 1.7* 1.65 1.67 1.67 1.68 1.68 39.9 * 0.1 40.3 40.3 40.4 *1.2 *1.0 *0.9 *1 .1 * 0.8 * 0.8 1.75 1.75 1.81 1.70 1.70 1.73 1.7* 1.75 1.76 39-9 39-8 39.6 39.2 39.1 39.2 1.82 1.81 1.77 1.76 39** 39.5 *0.7 *0.7 1.171 1.78 1.79 I .80 1.133 * 0.1 39.6 38.8 39-8 M an Hour Indexes T a b l e C-5. I n d e x e s of a g g r e g a t e w e e k l y m a n - h o u r s in industrial a n d constivction activity ^ ( 1 9 4 7 - 4 9 = 100) Manufacturing 19*7: 19*8: 19*9: 1950: 1951: 1952: 1953: 195*: 1955: Contract n i n i xig c o n s t r u c t ion divi s ion division Year and month TOTAL Average . . Average. . Average.. Average*. Average.. Average.. Average.. Average,. Average.. IO3.6 IO3.* 93.0 IOI .5 IO9.5 IO9.7 II3.3 IOI .9 108.* 105.1 105.% 89.5 91.0 95.0 90.9 87.5 111.8 113.6 113.7 112.6 81.3 81.5 81.6 80.3 82.9 124.3 I 08.I 107.* IO6.6 108.2 IO8.5 IIO .9 82.0 80.9 112.0 113.0 IO6.5 112.8 76.1 8^.9 1955: Aug..... 2] 112.3 Feb..... Mar..... July.... I e ary> and month Average.. Average.. Average.. Average.. Average.. Average.. Average.. Average.. Average.. 1955: Aug..... F u m i ture and f i x t u r e s IO3.3 10*.6 92.1 111.5 105.9 106.2 108.5 Feb..... Mar..... May..... 127.5 123.1 118.9 126.7 77*4 80.3 145.1 148.5 140.8 128.2 8o.4 89.7 102.7 II5.7 II6.6 I25.2 IO7.5 116.2 109.1 110.7 111.9 112.5 112.6 II 5.7 117.6 120.0 122.0 109.3 108.* 107.3 107.1 II 9.O 117 .* 122.5 103.1 99.2 99.7 98.6 99.7 93.5 97.5 101.2 102.5 102.3 101.2 100.8 154.4 105.8 106.* 154.4 160.0 101.7 107.9 IO7.3 11 *. 6 140.0 S t o n e , clay, and glass products 102.8 IO3.9 . 93.3 IO2.9 11 1 .* 10*. 3 Primary metal industries 105.4 106.6 88.0 104.1 115.7 96.7' 99.2 106.2 108.6 110.0 109.7 113.0 109.4 115.1 113.7 113.8 112.8 11 *. 2 11 *. 3 II 2.9 112 .* 108.8 109.5 108.0 10*. 9 102.6 103.* 108.2 108.I 109.6 1 1 1 .* 112 e8 II 3.5 101.1 IO7 .* IO 9.7 II 3.3 106.6 Fabricated metal products 106.7 103.8 89.4 106.5 115.8 112.1 123.4 108.8 118.0 114.5 116.0 117.9 124.1 123.7 117.8 118.8 117.4 116.3 117.0 115.2 112.8 112.6 73.8 106.8 101.2 107.6 91.1 107.4 290.4 625.0 798.5 509.7 413.2 405.3 405.1 3». 2 396.4 389.3 Durable goods L u m b e r and wood products (e x c e p t furniture) 107.0 102.7 90.3 99.6 102.7 96.9 93.0 84.7 90.5 97.8 96.0 94.9 90.7 87.9 389.3 385.8 374.1 83.6 381.0 83.9 83.3 80.1 377.3 374.6 87.6 95.0 368.7 100.0 350.9 90.7 94.1 92.4 goods - C o n t i n u e d 118.2 121.0 123.6 115.4 114.3 - O r d n a n c e and accessories 102.1 9*. 7 116.2 II7.5 115.6 II 5.6 128.1 84.7 IO6 .I 10*. 1 Total: Nondurable goods 97.6 97.6 96.7 9*.7 9*.l 95.* 114.0 81.8 81.7 10*.8 103.2 92.0 101.1 108.* 108.* 113.6 101.1 107.7 104.6 II3.9 9*.2 11*. 7 Nov..... 124.1 Total: Durable goods M a n u f a c t u r ing; - D u r a b l e V p 19*7: 19*8: 19*9: 1950: 1951: 1952: 1953: 195*: 1955: 94.6 103.4 102.0 109.1 Manufac turing division Machinery (e x c e p t electrical) 108.3 106.6 85.I 9*.0 116.9 118 .* 119.0 100.9 106.* 10*. 7 105.6 110.0 112.0 116 .* 116.3 117.2 117.3 118.6 114.1 116.5 113.6 116.0 106.9 111.6 112.8 113.2 Electrical machinery 111.1 102.9 86.0 107.6 123.7 131.2 147.1 123.1 130.8 129.7 133.6 142.7 140.3 140.6 Transporta tion equipment 102.9 100.9 96.3 106.1 124.5 138.0 158.6 1.34.3 146.3 138.3 136.3 139.3 154.3 154.O 136.3 134.5 133.4 146.9 138.7 133.4 127.3 126.7 139.8 138.5 137.1 138.1 136.6 135.I 128.1 126.5 See footnotes at end of table. 39 M a n -H ou r Indexes Table C-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activity ^ Continued (1947-49 Year and month M a n u f a c t u r i n g - Durable goods-Con. Miscellaneous Instruments manufacturing and rela t e d industries products 19*7 s Average .. 19*8: Average.. 19*9: Average.. 1950: Average.. 1951 • Average.. 1952: Average.. 1953 • Average.. 195*: Average.. 1955: Average.. May..... 117.3 120.8 122.3 122.7 123.1 10*.* 109.2 112.5 111.5 109.0 103.5 90.3 120.7 99.0 97.8 121.2 121.6 121.2 122.6 121.5 120.8 103.0 105.3 10*. 2 103.* 102.9 102.7 8*. 9 82.6 81.6 89.9 8*.3 8*. 3 82.9 82.3 85.* 91.O 76.5 7*. 6 7 6.6 77.7 82.5 80.3 95.5 7*. 5 119.2 P a p e r and allied products 19*7’Average.. 19*8: Average.. 19*9* Average.. 1950: Average.. 1951: Average.. 1952: Average.. 1953: Average.. 195*: Average. . 1955: Average.. 1955: Aug..... 1956 : Jan..... Feb..... 101.* 100.5 98.0 99.5 101.6 10*. 9 - Nondurable 105.5 10*. 7 IO8.I IO3.5 IO7 .O 116.7 118.5 118.9 119.2 119.0 108.1 105.6 111.7 112.2 113.0 11*. 0 108.2 IO8.9 I09.* 115.8 109.9 ll*.l 110.3 112.2 112.2 111.7 111.9 109.1 109.0 115.5 1 1 6 .* 117.9 111.0 112.5 goodi 3 IO3.3 102.6 9*.l 97.2 11*.* 109.3 98.0 Chemicals and allied products 102.7 105.* 10*.7 108.6 111.6 106.3 119.2 10*. 6 99.9 9*.6 Printing, p u b l i s h i n g , and allied industries 102.6 115.6 115.1 116.8 Aug..... 90.5 91.O 97.7 102.3 95.1 105.* 109.9 105.9 101.0 93.1 89.2 91.2 92.2 90.1 88.5 91.5 93*7 10*. 5 Manufacturing 105.9 100.0 96.1 95.2 95.9 9*.7 110.1 99.0 102.7 98.3 97.3 102.1 99.6 105.7 89.9 100.1 96.0 90.7 89.8 78.7 83.0 101.6 98.8 103.0 101.9 10*.5 106.9 98.8 10*. 9 83.6 106.7 8*.3 85.2 86.7 86.8 79.0 78.3 75.2 78.1 Rubber products 109.8 100.9 95.8 9*. 5 96.* 96.0 111.5 115.1 98.2 95.2 93.1 93.0 105.8 106.8 95.* 111.0 10*. 5 102.0 88.1 101.9 IO8.5 108.* 111.6 96.* 113.3 109.3 108.1 no.* A p p a r e l and oth e r finished textile products 107.7 109.8 ! 110.3 110.6 107.* 112.* 109.1 102.9 99-5 99.2 97.2 105.3 Continued P r o d u c t s of petroleum and coal 93.3 91.5 93.7 93.5 92.5 9*. 9 2J A g g r e g a t e m a n - h o u r s a r e f o r t h e w e e k l y p a y p e r i o d e n d i n g t o t a l s for the mo n t h . P o r m i n i n g an d m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t i o n , t h e d a t a r e l a t e to c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s . 2/ I n c l u d e s o n l y t h e d i v i s i o n s s h o w n . *0 - goods T e x t i l e - m i 11 products 89.5 97.* 117.5 122.7 129.9 115.9 U7.9 122.1 Year and month Tob acco manufactures -- N o n d u r a b l e IO3.9 103.0 Feb..... Mar..... Manufacturing F o o d and kindred products 10*.6 10*.2 91.2 101.3 103.1 100.5 109.5 98.8 10*. 1 107.5 1955: Aug..... - 100) 9*.0 L e a t h e r and leather products 105.8 100.8 93.* 97.8 92.1 96.9 96.5 89.9 95.0 98.6 118.2 9*. 3 9*. 6 121.7 119.9 92.0 99.5 117.5 113.1 109.7 108.3 103.6 99® 1 101.7 97.0 89.* 87.5 91.7 103.8 106.* 92.* 93.1 109.6 n e a r e s t th e 15 th of th e m o n t h and do not r e p r e s e n t d a t a r e f e r to p r o d u c t i o n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s . For State and Area Hours and Earnings Table C-6: H o u r s a n d gross earnings of production w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g industries for selected States a n d areas State and area Average weekly earnings 1956 1955. Aug. July .A «&. ALABAMA................................ Birmingham Nobile $ 62.88 75-83 ARIZONA.................. Phoenix Average weekly hours 19* 6 1955 Aug. July Aug. Average hourly earnings 1956 1955 Aug. July Aug. 39.3 38.3 * 1.1 38.* 39.9 *0.8 * 1.0 *1.5 * 0.0 $ 1.60 1.98 1.95 $1.56 1.9* $1.*3 1.78 1.75 81.41 *2.1 * 1.8 *2 .* *2.5 *1.7 *0.3 2.16 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.03 2.02 $58.63 73-87 80.15 $59.90 75.01 79-15 90.9V 89.03 89.89 89.68 84.65 70.00 1.88 ARKANSAS.............................. Little RockN. Little Rock 55-34 56.54 53-63 *0.1 *0.1 *1.9 1.38 l.*l 1.28 55.07 54.67 52.89 * 0.2 *0.2 * 1.0 1.37 1.36 1.29 CALIFORNIA............... 90.96 * 1.2 39.8 * 1.2 * 1.6 *0.5 39.1 * 0.8 * 0.2 * 0.5 39.6 * 0.8 2.21 2.00 2.21 2.22 2.00 2.20 2.10 79.71 90.98 90.09 89.80 78.08 89.64 85.00 Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Sacramento San BernardinoRiTerside-Ontario San Diego San Franc Is co “Oakland San Jose Stockton 35.* 2.17 2.33 2.09 2 .0* 39.9 * 1 .* *0.3 **.3 *1.9 * 0.6 * 1.6 39.* *2.0 * 1.7 * 0.2 * 0.1 * 0.* *1.3 37.7 2.17 2.25 2.29 2.03 2.15 2.01 2.32 2.07 2.18 2.02 2.10 1-91 1.90 *1.9 *1.3 * 1.0 *1.3 *0.9 *0.2 2.02 2.03 1.97 2.05 1.87 1.90 * 1.0 * 1 .* * 1.2 *0.3 *0.9 * 0.1 * 0.6 * 1.0 * 1.2 *2.7 * 0.1 * 0.7 39.6 * 0.8 *0.9 * 1.6 * 0.* *0.9 *0.1 *0.1 *0.* I .98 2.06 2.05 1.98 2 05 2.05 1.87 1.9* 1.9* 39.2 COLORADO................. Denver CONNECTICUT.............. Bridgeport Hartford New Britain Heir Haven Stanford Waterbury DELAWARE................. Wilmington 86.62 92.95 92.15 89.71 8*. 65 93-59 87.37 93-02 91-52 87.07 87.48 75-52 85.47 72-37 80.67 85:43 88.05 78.89 71.43 2 .2* 1.91 2.13 8*.6* 83.8* 80.77 84.67 76.48 81.18 85.28 8*. *6 81.18 76.48 78.59 78.9* 85.*1 80.39 78.60 78 .1* 79-18 94.40 72.44 86.24 * 0.7 *0.0 1.92 2.31 1.85 39.7 * 0.* * 0.0 1.96 91.71 2.36 2.16 82.11 82.11 80.40 39.1 39.1 39.8 2.10 2.10 2.02 63.02 66.30 6*. 2* 60.65 63.55 67.43 64.31 *0.* 61.91 57.39 (1 /) (Ï/) 55.88 39.7 * 0.* 39.9 * 1.0 39.9 *0.7 *0.2 * 0.7 (I/) (1 /) * 0.2 1.56 1.67 1.59 1.52 1.55 1.69 I .58 1.5* l.*l (1 /) (1 /) 1.39 39.7 38.9 1 .** 1 .** 1.76 1.75 1.87 1.33 I .69 1.82 84.46 87.54 77-74 83.16 81.19 76.38 80.70 78.38 77.30 70.98 81.80 75-55 1.95 1.93 2.13 1.98 1.96 1.91 1.89 1.77 2.10 2 .0* 1.99 1.87 DISTRICT OF COLOMBIA: Washington FLORIDA..... ............ Jacksonville Miami Tampa-St. Petersburg 57.17 56.02 53.8? 71.10 78.26 69.65 79.10 68.61 70.90 * 0.* * 3.0 *2.3 *0.5 * 0.6 *2.2 IDAHO.................... 89.0* 88.74 84.97 *2.0 *3.5 *2.7 2.12 2 .0* ILLINOIS.............................. Chicago Rockford 85.05 88.61 84.17 82.24 86.36 85-57 88.48 * 0.* * 0.5 * 1.7 *1.3 * 1.2 87.3* *0.7 * 0.* *2 .* **.6 2.09 2.19 2.06 2.08 87.23 2.05 1.98 INDIANA.................. 85.*9 82.83 82.72 * 0.0 * 0.2 *0.7 2 .1* 2.06 2.03 IOWA..................... Des Moines 76.58 75-15 75-22 76.24 81.74 * 0.2 39.9 39.0 84.41 36.0 * 1.2 * 0.* 1.90 2.12 1.93 2.09 2.02 GEORGIA.................. Atlanta Savannah 39.8 2.15 1.68 1.99 1.99 2.10 1.85 See footnotes at end of talDie. *1 State and Area Hours 3nd tamings Table C - & Hours a n d gross earnings of production w o r k e r s in m a nufacturing industries for selected Slates a n d areas - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings State and area ... .AugKANSAS.................................. Topeka Wichita $ 83.36 78.11 87.26 75.32 . Julv Average weekly hours 1956 1955 _ July 41.8 41.6 41.8 41.6 43.6 41.4 $2.02 1.94 2.13 $ 2.00 1.93 2.08 $1.93 1.84 2.05 40.5 41.7 39.8 40.0 40.9 40.7 1.86 2.07 1.78 2.04 1.75 1.93 40.8 40.4 40.0 41.1 40.9 39.9 41.8 41.4 39.9 42.2 40.2 40.3 $ 80.21 80. 1 * 8*. 70 41.2 40.2 40.9 81.78 71.51 78.79 68.97 95.63 July KENTUCKT.............................. L o u isville 86.22 LOUISIANA............................ Baton Rouge New Orleans 75 .*8 103.02 7 *. 00 76.86 108.79 7*. 61 68.23 MAINE................................... Lewiston Portland 65.17 55.56 58.29 53.36 64.00 38.1 67.87 63.08 56 . l l 72 . 48 38.5 41.2 MARYLAND.............................. Baltimore 83.68 78.09 77.03 81.95 74.25 80.55 71.06 7*. 26 68.91 71.20 53.87 56.46 77.93 78.76 55.55 59.64 74.52 79.30 93.83 9*. 05 97.31 72.72 MASSACHUSETTS..................... Boston F a ll River New Bedford Spr ingf ield -Holyoke Worcester 78.72 81.20 MICHIGAN.............................. Detroit F lin t Grand Rapids Lansing Muskegon Saginaw 9*. 11 101.02 96. 2* 86.60 9*. 8* 87 . 7* 86.37 MINNESOTA............................ Duluth Minneapolis-St. Paul 79.06 75.58 53.9* 57.61 70.73 100.12 96.23 1.65 1.85 1.87 2.31 1-71 38.8 1.55 1.46 1.57 1.46 43.2 41.8 1.65 1.68 1.38 1.53 40.8 40.9 40.7 41.1 40.6 *1.3 1.91 2.05 I .89 1.99 1.83 1.95 40.4 40.2 37.2 37-9 41.0 40.4 39.7 39.5 36.9 1.80 1.88 1.88 1.79 1.71 40.8 40.6 40.3 4o.o 39-* 40.3 40.5 41.3 1.45 1.52 I .92 1.46 1.53 1.91 40.6 40.7 40.3 40.3 40.1 39.9 39-6 40.6 40.8 40.4 40.4 40.1 39.5 40.5 41.8 41.2 45.2 41.4 44.7 39.5 41.8 2.20 2.l8 40.4 81.13 40.2 38.7 40.6 40.6 41.6 39-5 41.1 2.12 2.0 6 50.58 54.94 40.2 40.8 4 o.o 41.5 41.8 40.4 39-8 39.* 40.2 109.25 83.63 106.30 88.16 88.86 84.73 91.04 82.18 83.60 79. *8 76.46 83.30 81.18 MISSISSIPPI........................ Jackson 53.87 58.75 61.01 MISSOURI.............................. Kansas C ity S t. Louis 7*. 69 80.63 82.63 75.28 79. *3 83. k9 71.75 81.14 78.92 39.4 39-6 39.9 MONTANA................................ 90.22 91.21 86.62 40.4 NEBRASKA.............................. Omaha 7*.9* 79.08 78.2k 72.67 41.9 76.26 NEVADA.................................. 95.12 95.23 NEW HAMPSHIRE..................... Manchester 63.80 58.05 See footnotes at end of table. 42 1.85 Aug. 1.87 85.61 9k.92 1955 Aug. Am,:. 80.26 86.86 1950 Aug. Aug. $ 83.72 Average hourly earnings 1955 36.9 2.55 2.66 1.45 1.78 2.01 1.94 1.41 1.48 1.84 1.92 2.32 2.31 2.45 2.36 2.48 2.39 2.15 2.37 2.38 2.12 2.37 2.23 2.25 2.42 2.02 2.38 2.15 2.19 2.18 2.01 2.05 1-97 1.88 2.06 1.98 1.34 1.44 1.34 1.47 I .36 40.2 40.9 40.3 I .89 2.03 2.07 I .89 2.01 2.08 1.78 1.97 1.96 40.6 4 l.l 2.24 2.25 2 .11 41.9 41.8 41.8 42.9 42.3 1.79 I .89 1.76 1.87 I .69 91.03 38.2 38.4 4 o .l 2.49 2.48 2.27 63.80 59.28 57.60 55.34 40.9 38.7 40.9 38.4 40.6 38.7 1.56 1.50 1.56 1.50 1.46 1.43 53.60 T3.55 78.37 38.1 1.97 1.2 1 1.80 State and A re a H ours and f arnings Table C - & H o u r s a n d gross earnings of production w o r k e r s in m a n u f a cturing industries for selected Slates a n d a r eas - C o n t i n u e d State and area HEW JERSEY............... Newark-Jersey City 2/ Paterson 2/ Perth Amboy 2J Trenton HEW MEXICO.............. Albuquerque NSW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Nassau and Suffolk Counties 2/ Heir York-Northeastern Hew Jersey Heir York City 2/ Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County 2/ Average weekly earnings 1956 .1955 AUg. Aug. July . Average weekly hours 1<>56 1955 Aug. July Aug. *0.1 *0.3 *0.6 *0.* 39.5 *0.2 *0.0 *0.7 *0.6 *0.2 *0.* *0.3 * 1.2 *1.3 * 0.1 $2.05 80.12 $78.58 79-75 78.57 82.43 76.87 1.99 1.99 1.92 86.10 81.60 8I .56 77.08 *0.9 *0.8 * 1.0 *0.8 * 1 .* * 1.0 2.00 2 .0* 2.10 2.00 1.97 79-43 85-42 75-33 94.42 77-07 78.99 86.22 73.97 39.6 39.* 39.9 * 1.2 39.8 39.5 *0.6 39.* * 0.8 39.9 39.3 * 0.8 39.8 *0.9 *0.5 2.01 2 .I7 2.00 2.12 1.88 92.46 76.91 74.79 82.37 70.93 89.45 75-39 89.61 90.70 79.76 * 1.1 * 1.8 39.0 2.18 2.17 2.05 79.58 75-66 74.69 39.2 37.9 *0.7 *1.6 * 1.1 39.8 38.9 37.7 * 0.6 * 1.2 39.9 39.7 2.03 1.99 (1 /) 2.03 1.99 1.92 I .89 81.73 79-75 71.09 73-47 39.2 38.0 (1 /) *1.2 *0.9 *0.9 56.06 50.93 55.08 39.5 *0.0 39.1 39.2 37.9 * 0.1 * 0.8 $82.25 83.78 81.97 85.28 78.68 81.80 83.23 $82.53 82.72 82.42 85.91 (If) 79.58 75.56 86.15 82.65 82.56 77.51 78.55 80.69 78.65 H0R7H C A R OUHA........... Charlotte Greensboro-High Point 53.72 57.60 52.96 53.18 52.30 50.67 38.1 HORTH DAKOTA............. Fargo (1 /) (i/) 75-81 2 /69.29 82.87 75.60 (I/) (I/) OHIO..................... Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown 89.92 88.73 92.73 86.14 87.18 89.89 *0.5 81.02 94.59 83.05 92.36 86.36 84.52 97.96 91.33 95.01 97.49 90.67 (1 /) 93.49 91.60 (1/) OKLAHOMA................. Oklahoma City Tulsa 78.53 74.76 85.47 78.66 75.58 84.05 OREGOH...................................... 91.18 89.86 Portland PEHHSYLVAHIA............. Allentown-Bethlehem Easton Erie Harrisburg Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre— Hazleton York Average hourly earnings 1956 1955 July Aug. Aug. 83.73 90.51 85.77 88.48 (1/) 78.09 84.87 72-14 69.33 82.86 93.69 73.30 58.75 56.06 67-37 94.86 71.22 <!/> (1 /) 73-93 70.22 82.94 2.08 2.02 2.11 1.89 2.29 1.9* $2.05 2.07 2.02 2.12 2.27 1.93 $1.9* 1.98 1.91 2.00 1.88 1.90 2.02 1-78 2.19 1.86 2.12 2.01 1.99 1.91 1.98 1.9* 1.78 I .85 1.36 1**3 38.1 1.36 1 .** 1.39 1.27 1.35 1.33 **.5 î/43.2 43.2 (1 /) 1.70 1.86 2 /1.60 **.6 * 1.2 39.6 (1/) * 1 .* *1.6 2.19 2.12 *1.5 *0.7 *1.5 39.9 39.0 *0.6 39.2 39.9 * 0.8 * 1.2 *0.2 * 1.1 *0.0 * 1.1 *0.9 *2.0 *0.7 36.2 *0.8 *1.8 2.01 1.89 1.97 (1 /) 1.38 1.75 2.37 2.29 2.31 2.25 (I/ ) (1/) 2.22 2.31 2.22 2.05 2.28 2.12 2.36 2.29 2 .** * 1 .* *2.7 *1.0 *1.3 * 1.8 *2.1 1.92 1.78 2.10 1.90 1.77 2.05 1.79 1.68 2.32 2 .2* 2.32 2.22 2.23 (1/) *1.5 2.37 2.16 2 .0* 2 .2* 2.10 2.27 (1/) 1.96 2.18 U /) (1/) (1/) 1.97 86.07 83.74 39.3 39.5 38.7 38.7 * 0.8 39.8 76.80 76.21 a/) 39.U 39.5 a/) 1.95 1.93 73.58 84.33 67.37 70.61 38.6 *2.1 39.* *0.* *0.3 39.7 2.02 2.02 1.83 1.72 2.06 2.36 1.81 1.85 * 0.5 39.9 *1.5 39.* * 0.0 * 0.2 39.8 *0.2 38.1 37.8 1.87 1.92 1.69 1.62 1.96 2.26 1.73 37.1 37.8 * 1.2 39.* * 1 .* * 0.* 39.6 * 0.2 38.5 37.8 *1.3 67.68 82.17 90.74 90.82 79-10 66.59 67.03 58.98 79-02 89.30 69.35 55-79 55-39 67.39 52.66 65.38 73-16 * 0.1 38.2 *0.* 2.03 1.71 1.69 2 .0* 2.28 1.82 1 .5* l .*8 1.5* l.*9 1.68 1.67 2.10 l.*5 1.39 1.58 See footnotes at end of talale. 43 State and Area Hours and tamings Table C - & H ours a n d gross earnings of production w o r k e r s in m anufacturing industries for selected Slates a n d areas - C o n t i n u e d Average weekly earnings State and area Aug. RHODE ISLAND............. Providence *¿5.53 6 4 .85 SOOTH CAROLINA.......... Charleston 54.66 61.84 SOUTH DAKOTA ........... Sioux Falls 71.93 TENNESSEE................ Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis Nashville 1956 ...Wl. $ 65.57 66.33 .. ...1355... _ Au&._. $ 60.65 62.00 Average weekly hours Aug. 1956 July 1955 Average hourly earnings Aug. Aug. 1956 July 1955 Aug. 38.9 39-3 39.3 * 0.2 39.4 * 0.0 $ 1.68 1.65 $1.67 I .65 '*1.5* 1.55 39.6 54.65 52.22 64.40 39.9 39.9 *0.5 * 0.8 *0.5 I .37 I .55 1.38 I .59 1.28 57.10 74.66 81.44 72.63 *3.2 *3-0 **.5 * 6.0 *5.8 *7.1 1.66 1.75 1.68 80.63 I .77 I .59 I .71 62.57 64.62 63.04 60.86 67.51 71.21 70.11 64.80 69.08 68.16 62.32 *1.6 39.6 39.* 38.5 38.7 *1.0 *0.0 * 1 .* *0.8 *0.* *2.6 *1. 0 1.58 71.14 64.15 39.6 39.* 37.3 TEXAS.................... 80.75 80.93 75.84 *1.2 * 1.5 UTAH..................... Salt Lake City 82.82 74.17 76.83 83.63 75.26 77.42 36.9 *1,0 VERMONT.................. Burlington Springfield 66.61 62.61 81.90 67.68 63.88 61.10 58.95 77.89 VIRGINIA................. Norfolk-Portsmouth Richmond 61.20 65.57 67.56 65.18 68.71 WASHINGTON............... Seattle Spokane Tacoma 89.86 88.61 91.05 81.79 89.69 89.05 93.20 84.76 WEST VIRGINIA............ Charleston 78.98 98.01 75-41 1.62 I .60 1.6* 1.8* I .71 1.62 l.*7 1.53 I .71 I .60 I .52 *1.9 1.96 I .95 1.81 39.* *1.* 39.2 *1.* 2.01 2.02 I .95 2.02 I .92 1.87 *1.8 *1.8 *2.6 * 2.3 *1.1 **.* *2. * *1 . 1 *3. 1 I .60 I .50 I .92 I .60 l.*9 1.93 I .51 1.** 58.58 *0.0 *0.1 62.56 1.5* 39.5 * 0.9 *0.* 39.1 *0.5 1.53 39.5 * 0.7 1.68 1**5 l«6o 1.57 86.86 78.15 39.* 39.3 39.5 37.2 39.2 39.2 39.0 38.5 *0.* 2.28 2.25 2.30 2.20 2.29 2.27 2.17 2.13 78.92 98.74 75.45 93-33 39.1 38.5 *0.8 2.02 * 0.5 *0.* 2.*2 2.05 I. 9I 2 .3I 82.08 82.43 *1.6 *1.* 81.95 78.14 77.85 *1.* 83.97 78.92 39.1 38.0 * 0.9 36.9 39.* I .98 2.15 1.97 2.20 2.25 2 .O 9 I .98 2.I5 I .89 2.11 I. 9* 2.10 2.12 2.O 3 WISCONSIN................ Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine 83.47 WYOMING.................. Casper 104.15 88.62 92.71 87.67 63.14 85.65 61.75 62.42 63.58 84.81 82.01 81.68 86.29 93.51 82.86 76.61 90.88 110.09 1/ Not available. 2/ Subarea of New York-Northeastern New Jersey. Not comparable with current data shown. ** l.*l *0.2 37.7 36.9 39.5 86.69 82.26 *0.0 * 0.3 *1.2 39.9 *0.0 *1.6 39.3 *0.* * 0.9 *0.6 84.45 100.45 *0.* 39.6 * 1.5 * 1.7 *1.6 *1.0 84.64 1.6* 1.81 I .71 1.66 1.66 2 .I7 2.63 1.65 2.32 2.25 2.*2 2.00 2.16 2.25 2.11 2 .I9 2.6* 1.81 2.15 2.12 2o03 2.*5 Explanatory Notes INTRODUCTION The statistics for nonfarm industries presented in this monthly report are part of the broad program of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide timely, com prehensive , accurate, and detailed information for the use of businessmen, government officials, legislators, labor unions, research workers, and the general public. The statistics are an integral part of the Federal statistical system, and are considered basic indica tors of the state of the Nationfs econoujy. They are widely used in following and interpreting business developments and in making decisions in such fields as labor-management negotiations, marketing, personnel, plant location, and government policy. In addition, Government agencies use the data in this report to com pile official indexes of production, labor productivity, and national income. or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the unit is included under the industry indicated by the most important product or activity. The titles and descriptions of industries presented in the Standard Industrial Classifical Manual. (U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Washington, D. C.) are used for classifying reports from manufacturing and government establishments; the 19/12 Industrial Classification Code. (U. S. Social Security Board) for reports from all other establishments. c. Coverage 1-fonthly reports on employment and, for most indus tries, payroll and man-hours are obtained from approx imately 155,000 establishments* (See table below.) The table also shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. ESTABLISHMENT REPORTS: A p p r o x i m a t e size a n d c o v erage of B L S a. Collection The employment statistics program, which is based on establishment payroll reports, provides current data for both full- and part-time workers on payrolls of nonagricultural establishments (see glossary for defi nition, p. 7-Æ) during a specified period each month. The BLS uses two "shuttle” schedules for this program, the BLS Form 790 (for employment, payroll, and manhours data) and the F o m 1219 (for labor turnover data). The shuttle schedule, used by BLS for more than 25 years, is designed to assist firms to report consist ently, accurately, and with a minimum of cost. The questionnaire provides space for the establishment to report for each month of the current calendar year; in this way, the employer uses the same schedule for the entire year. Under a cooperative arrangement with the BLS, State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the data to the BLS Division of Manpower and Employment Statistics for use in preparing the national series. b. Industrial Classification Establishments are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. This informa tion is collected each year. For manufacturing estab lishments, a product supplement to the monthly 790 report is used. The supplement provides for reporting the percentage of total sales represented by each pro duct. Information for nonmanufacturing establish ments is collected on the 790 form itself. In the case of an establishment making more than one product e m p l o y m e n t a n d payrolls s a m p l e ll Division or industry Contract construction.. Manufacturing......... Transportation and public utilities: Interstate railroads. Number of Employees ments in sample Number in Percent sample of total 350,000 735,000 10,980,000 1*5 2h 65 1,128,000 95 Ili,600 1,581,000 57 58,300 1,928,000 18 12,000 693,000 31 1,200 lliU,000 37 2,300 9li,000 19 --M oo 2,162,000 2,033,000 100 ia 3,100 20,900 ko,hoo ---Other transportation and public utilities. Wholesale and retail Finance, insurance, and real estate.......... Service and miscellaneous: Hotels and lodging Personal services: Laundries and clean ing and dyeing Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission)......... State and local...... 1/ Some firms do not report payroll and man-hour information. Therefore, hours said earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employ ment estimates. Labor turnover reports are received from approx imately 10,000 cooperating establishments in the manu facturing, mining, and communication industries (see table below). The definition of manufacturing used in the turnover series is not as extensive as in the BLS series on employment and hours and earnings because of the exclusion of the following major industries from the labor turnover sample : printing, publishing, and allied industries (since April 1943;5 canning and pre serving fruits, vegetables, and sea foods; women's and misses1 outerwear; and fertilizer. A p p r o x i m a t e size a n d c o v e r a g e of BLS labor t u r n o v e r s a m p l e Number of Group and industry Manufacturing........ Durable goods...... Nondurable goods.... îfetal mining......... Coal mining: Anthracite.......... Bituminous......... Communication : Telephone.......... Telegraph.......... 1/ Does not apply. U Q UaUlxoil" ments in sample Employees Number in Percent sample of total 10,200 6,1*00 3,800 120 5,991*,000 1*,199,000 1,795,000 57,000 39 1*3 32 53 20 200 6,000 71,000 19 32 661,000 28,000 88 65 (a/) &/) DEFINITIONS A N D ESTIMATING METHODS: A. EMPLOYANT Definition Employment data for all except Federal Government establishments refer to persons who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. For Federal Government establishments current data generally refer to persons who worked on, or received pay for, the last day of the month. Persons on an establishment payroll who are on paid sick leave, paid holiday, or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the specified pay period and are un employed or on strike during the other part of the period are counted as employed. Persons are not con sidered employed who are laid off or are on leave with out pay, who are on strike for the entire period, or who are hired but do not report to work during the period. Proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in house holds are also excluded. Government employment covers only civilian employees; Federal military personnel are shown separately, but their number is excluded from total nonagricultural employment. With respect to employment in educational institu tions (private and governmental), BLS considers regular full-time teachers to be employed during the summer vacation period whether or not they are specifically paid in those months. cultural industries, and appropriate adjustments made as indicated by the total counts or benchmarks. The comparison made for the first 3 months of 1955 resulted in changes amounting to 0.8 percent of all nonagricul tural employment. Among the eight major industry divi sions changes ranged from 0.2 to 2.3 percent, with the exception of contract construction which required an adjustment of 6.2 percent. As a result, the estimating techniques for contract construction were reviewed in detail and certain refinements have been introduced. Manufacturing industries as a whole were changed b y 0.2 percent, a slightly smaller amount than necessary in 195U. vithin manufacturing, 1*3 of the 132 individual industries required no adjustment because the estimate and benchmark differed by less than 1.0 percent or less than 500 and 78 were adjusted by 1.0-U.9 percent. One significant cause of differences between the benchmark and estimate is the change in industrial classification of individual firms, which cannot be reflected in BLS estimates until they are adjusted to new benchmarks. Other causes are sampling and response errors. The basic sources of benchmark information are the quarterly tabulations of employment data, by industry, compiled by State agencies from reports of establish ments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. Supplementary tabulations prepared by the Ü. S. Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance are used for the group of establishments exempt from State unem ployment insurance laws because of their small size. Benchmarks for industries wholly or partly excluded from the unemployment insurance laws are derived from a variety of other sources. The BLS estimates which are prepared for the benchmark quarter are compared with the new benchmark levels, industry by industry. Where revisions are necessary, the monthly estimates are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one. Following revision for these intermediate periods, the industry data from the most recent benchmark are projected to the current month by use of the sample trends. Under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment while the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level. Estimating Ifethod The estimating procedure for industries for which data on both "all employees”and "production and re lated workers” are published (manufacturing and selected raining industries) is outlined below; the first step under this method is also used for indus tries for which only figures on "all employees" are published. The first step is to compute total employment (all employees ) in the industry for the month following the benchmark period. The all-employee total for the last benchmark month (e.g., ïferch) is multiplied by the percent change of total employment over the month for the group of establishments reporting for both March and April. Thus, if firms in the BLS sample for an industry report 30,000 employees in March and 31,200 in April, April employment is 104 percent (31>200 divided by 30,000) of I*farch employment. If the all employee benchmark in % r c h is 40,000, the all-employee total in April would be 104 percent of 40,000 or 41,600. Benchmark Data Employment estimates are periodically compared with complete counts of employment in the various nonagri2-E The second step is to compute the productionworker total for the industry. The all-employee total for the month is multiplied by the ratio of production workers to all employees. This ratio is computed from establishment reports in the monthly sample. Thus, if these firms in April report 24,960 production workers and a total of 31,200 employees, the ratio of produc tion workers to all employees would be .80 (24,960 divided by 31,200). The production-worker total in April would be 33*280 (41,600 multiplied by .80). Figures for subsequent months are computed by carrying forward the totals for the previous month ac cording to the method described above. The number of women employees in manufacturing, published quarterly, is computed by multiplying the all-employee estimate for the industry by the ratio of women to all employees as reported in the industry sample. Employment Adjusted for Seasonal Variation Employment series for many industries reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be measured on the basis of past experience. By elimi nating that part of the change in employment which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is pos sible to clarify the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. Adjusted employment aggre gates are shown and also indexes (1947-49 s 100) de rived from these aggregates. The indexes have the additional advantage of comparing the current sea sonally adjusted employment level with average employ ment in the base period. Comparability with Other Employaient Estimates Employment data published by other government and private agencies may differ iVom BLS employment sta tistics because of differences in definition, sources of information, methods of collection, classification, and estimation. BLS monthly figures are not directly comparable, for example, with the estimates of the Census Manthly Report on the Labor Force (MILF). Census data are obtained by personal interviews with individual members of a small sample of households and are designed to provide information on the work status of the whole population, classified by their demographic characteristics. The BLS, on the other hand, obtains data by mail questionnaire v/hich are based on the payroll records of business units, and prepares detailed statistics on the industrial and geographic distribution of employment and on hours of work and earnings. Since BLS employment figures are derived from establishment payroll records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting peri od will be counted more than once in the BLS series. By definition, proprietors, self-employed persons, domestic servants, and unpaid family workers are ex cluded from the BLS but not the MRLF series. Employment estimates compiled by the Bureau of the Cen 3U 3 from its censuses and/or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments also differ ft*om BLS employment statistics. Among the important reasons for lack of comparability are differences in indus tries covered, in the business units considered parts of an establishment, and in the industrial classifi cation of establishments. Similar differences exist between the BLS data and those in County Business Patterns published jointly by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Vfelfare. B. LABOR TURNOVER Definition ” Labor turnover,”as used in the BLS program, re fers to the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employment status with respect to in dividual firms during a calendar month. This movement is subdivided into two broad types: accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. All em ployees, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers are cov ered by both the turnover movements and the employment base used in computing labor turnover rates. All groups of enroloyees— full- and part-time, permanent, and temporary— are included. Transfers from one es tablishment to another within a company are not con sidered to be turnover items. Method of Computation To compute turnover rates for individual indus tries, the total number of each type of action (ac cessions, quits, etc.) reported for a calendar month by the sample establishments in each industry is first divided by the total number of employees reported by these establishments, who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of that month. The result is multiplied by 100 to obtain the turnover rate. For example, in an industry sample, the total number of employees who worked during, or recéived pay for, the week of January 12-18 was reported as 25,498. During the period January 1-31 a total of 284 employees in all reporting firms quit. The quit rate for the industry is: 284 x 100 = 1 .1 25,498 To compute turnover rates for broader industrial categories, the rates for the component industries are weighted by the estimated employment. Separate turnover rates for men and women are pub lished quarterly for 1 month in each quarter. Only accessions, quits, and total separations are publish ed. These rates are computed in the same manner as the all-employee rates; for example, the quit rate for women is obtained from an industry sample by dividing the number of women who quit during the month by the number of women employees reported. Average monthly turnover rates for the year for all employees are computed by dividing the sum of the monthly rates by 12 . Comparability with Earlier Data Labor turnover rates are available on a compara ble basis from January 1930 for manufacturing as a whole and from 1943 for two coal mining and two com munication industries. Rates for many individual in dustries and industry groups for the period prior to January 1950 are not comparable with those for the subsequent period because of a revision which in volved (1) the adoption of the Standard Industrial Classification (1945) code structure for manufactur ing industries, and (2 ) the introduction of weighting 3 -E in the computation of industry-group rates. Comparability with Employment Series Month-to-month changes in total employment in man ufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: (1) Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar-month; the em ployment reports, for the most part, refer to a i-week pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. (2) The turnover sample excludes certain in dustries (see under coverage, p. 2-E). (3) Hlants on strike are not included in the turnover computations beginning with the month the strike starts through the month the workers return; the influence of such stoppages is reflected, however, in the employment figures. C. HOURS AND EARNINGS Definitions of production workers, nonsupervisory employees, payrolls, and man-hours from which hours and earnings data are derived are included in the glossary, page 7 - E . Methods used to compute hours and earnings averages are described in summary of methods for computing national statistics, page 6-E. Gross Average Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly earnings for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are on a "gross”basis, i.e., they reflect not only changes in basic hourly and in centive wage rates, but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work, and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive basis. Employment shifts between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers* earnings in individual establishments also affect the general earnings averages. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings refer to the actual, return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amounts stimu lated for a given unit of work or time. However, the average earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer, since the following are excluded: irregular bonuses, ret roactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the productionworker or nonsupervisory-employee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings, but also by changes in the length of the workweek, parttime work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turn over, and absenteeism. Average Weekly Hours The workweek information relates to average hours worked or paid for, and is somewhat different from standard or scheduled hours. Normally, such factors 4-E as absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishments. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average Overtime Hours The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in excess of reg ular hours and for which premium payments were made. If an employee works on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by defini tion, the gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month; for example, premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends on the industrygroup level may also be caused by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and cur rent months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Gross Average Weekly Earnings in Current and 3a42=A2.J&Ltaca These series indicate changes in the level of weekly earnings before and after adjustment for changes in purchasing power as determined from the BLS Consumer Price Index. Net Spendable Average Weekly Earnings Net spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting Federal social se curity and income taxes from gross weekly earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these variables, net spendable earnings have been computed for two types of income receivers: (l) a worker with no dependents; and (2) a worker with three depend ents. The computations of net spendable earnings for both the factory worker with no dependents and the factory worker with three dependents are based upon the gross average weekly earnings for all production workers in manufacturing industries without regard to marital status, family composition, and total family income. Net spendable weekly earnings in 1947-^49 dollars represent an approximate measure of changes in "real" net spendable weekly earnings. "Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the spendable earnings average for the current month. The resulting level of spendable earnings ex pressed in 194-7-49 dollars is thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since that base period. officials, and staff assistants (ICC Group I). Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by Average hourly earnings* Because hours and earnings data for manufacturing and other nonmanufacturing industries are based upon reports to the BLS which generally represent 1 weekly pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month, the data for railroad employees are not strictly comparable with other industry information shown in this publication. Average Hourly Earnings. Excluding Overtime, of Production Workers in tetnufacturlng Industries These data are based on the application of adjust ment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as de scribed in the Monthly Labor Review. May 1950, pp. 537540 5 reprint available, Serial No. R. 2020). This method eliminates only the earnings due to overtime paid for at one and one-half times the straight-time rates after 40 hours a week. Thus, no adjustment is made for other premium-payment provisions— for example, holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Man-Hours The indexes of aggregate v/eekly man-hours are pre pared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 1947-49 period. These aggre gates represent the product of average weekly hours and employment. STATISTICS FOR STATES A N D AREAS State and area employment, hours, and earnings statistics are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with the BLS. These sta tistics are based on the same establishment reports used by the BLS for preparing national estimates. State employment series are adjusted to benchmark data from State unemployment insurance agencies and the Bureau of Old Age and Survivors Insurance. Because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and use slightly varying methods of computation, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the official U. S. totals prepared by the BLS. The aggregate man-hours are defined as total manhours for which pay was received by full- and parttime production or construction workers, including hours paid for holidays, sick leave, and vacations taken. The man-hours are for 1 week of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month, and may not be typical of the entire month. Railroad Hours and Earnings The figures for Class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based upon month ly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Inter state Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who received pay during the month, except executives, NOTE: of the Additional industry detail may be obtainable from the cooperating State agencies listed on tho inside back cover of this report. Additional information concerning the preparation employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series-- concepts and scope, survey methods, and reliability and limitations-- is contained in technical notes for each of these series, available from BLS free of charge. of this information as well as similar material For all for other BLS statistics, see Techniques of Preparing Major BLS Statis tical Series, BLS Bull. 1168, December 1951** Copies are on file in many public and university libraries, or may be ord ered from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. at 65 cents each. SU M M A R Y OF METHODS FOR COMPUTING N A T IO N A L STATISTICS EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, A N D EA RN IN G S Item Individual manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries Total nonagricultural divisions, major groups, and groups M O NTHLY DATA All employees All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month for sample establishments which re ported for both months. Sum of all-employee estimates for component industries. foafeUpnwgrtara All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by ratio of pro duction workers to all employees in sample establishments for cur rent month. Sum of production-worker estimates for component industries. Average weekly hours Total production or nonsupervisory man-hours divided by number of pro duction or nonsupervisory workers. Average, weighted by employment, of the average weekly hours for com ponent industries. Average hourly earnings Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory worker man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the average hourly earn ings for component industries. Average weekly earnings Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. A N N U A L AVERAGE DATA All emolovees and pro duction workers Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Average weekly hours Annual total of aggregate manhours (employment multiplied by average v/eekly hours) divided by annual sum of employiaant. Average, weighted by employment, of the annual averages of weekly hours for component industries. Average hourly earnings Annual total of aggregate pay rolls (weekly earnings multiplied by employment) divided by annual aggregate man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the annual averages of hourly earnings for component in dustries. Average weekly earninns Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. G LO SSARY ALL EMPLOYEES - The total number of persons on estab lishment payrolls who worked full- or part-time or received pay for any part of the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. Includes salaried officers of corporations as well as employees on the establishment payroll engaged in new construc tion and major additions or alterations to the plant who are utilized as a separate work force (forceaccount construction workers). Proprietors, selfemployed persons, domestic servants, unpaid family workers, and members of the Armed Forces are ex cluded* CONSTRUCTION WORKERS - Includes working foremen, journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, labor ers, and similar workers engaged in new work, al terations, demolition, and other actual construc tion work, at the site of construction or working in shop or yard at jobs (such as precutting and pre assembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades; includes all such workers re gardless of skill, engaged in any way in contract construction activities. CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION - Covers only firms engaged in the construction business on a contract basis for others. Force-account construction workers, i.e., hired directly by and on the payroll of Federal, State, and local government, public utilities, and private establishments, are excluded from contract construction and included in the employment for such establishments. DURABLE GOODS - The durable-goods subdivision includes the following major manufacturing industry groups: ordnance and accessories; lumber and wood products; furniture and fixtures; stone, clay, and glass pro ducts; primary metal industries; fabricated metal products; machinery; electrical machinery; trans portation equipment; instruments and related pro ducts; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries as defined. This definition is consistent with that used by other Federal agencies, e.g., Federal Re serve Board. speculative builders, subdividers, and developers; and agents and brokers). GOVERRENT - Covers Federal, State, and local govern ment establishments performing legislative, execu tive, and judicial functions, including Government corporations, Government force-account construction, and such units as arsenals, navy yards, and hospi tals. Federal government employment excludes em ployees of the Central Intelligence Agency* State and local government employment includes teachers, but excludes, as nominal employees, paid volunteer firemen and elected officials of small local units* LABOR TURNOVER: Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: quits, discharges, layoffs, and miscellaneous separations (including military), as defined below. Quits are terminations of employment during the calendar month initiated by employees for such reasons as: acceptance of a job in another company, dissatisfaction, return to school, marriage, mater nity, ill health, or voluntary retirement where no company pension is provided. Failure to report aft er being hired and unauthorized absences of more than 7 consecutive calendar days are also clas sified as quits. Prior to 1940, miscellaneous separations were also included in this category. Discharges are terminations of employment during the calendar month inititated by the employer for such reasons as employees1 incompetence, violation of rules, dishonesty, insubordination, laziness, habitual absenteeism, or inability to meet physical standards* Layoffs are terminations of en^loyment during the calendar month lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days -without pay, initi ated by the employer without prejudice to the work er, for such reasons as lack of orders or materials, release of temporary help, conversion of plant, in troduction of labor-saving machinery or processes, or suspensions of operations without pay during inventory periods. ESTABLISHMENT - nA single physical location where busi ness is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed; for example, a factory, mill, store, mine, or farm. Where a single physical location comprises two or more units which maintain separate payroll and inventory records and which are engaged in distinct or separate activities for which different industry classifications are provided in the Standard Industrial Classification, each unit shall be treated as a separate establishment* An establishment is not necessarily identical with the business concern or firm which may consist of one or more establishments. It is also to be distin guished from organizational subunits, departments, or divisions within an establishment." (Standard Industrial Classification Manual, U. S. Bureau of the Budget, Vol. I, Part I, p. 1, November 1945.) Persons on leave of absence (paid or unpaid) with the approval of the employer are not counted as separations until such time as it is definitely de termined that such persons will not return to work. At that time, a separation is reported as one of the above types, depending on the circumstances. FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE - Covers private establishments operating in the fields of finance (banks, security dealers, loan agencies, holding com panies, and other finance agencies); insurance (in surance carriers and independent agents and bro kers); and real estate (real estate owners, including Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll during the calendar month, including both new and rehired employees. Persons returning to work after a layoff, military separations, or other absences who have been counted as separations are considered accessions. Miscellaneous separations (including military) are terminations of employment during the calendar month because of permanent disability, death, re tirement on company pension, and entrance into the Armed Forces expected to last more than 30 consecu tive calendar days. Prior to 191*0, miscellaneous separations were included with quits. Beginning September 1940, military separations were included here. 7 -E MAN-HOURS - Covers man-hours worked or paid for of specified groups of workers, during the pay period ending nearest the 15th of the month. The specified group of workers in manufacturing and mining indus tries, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants is production and related workers; in the contract con struction industry, it is construction workers; and in the other industries, it is nonsupervisory em ployees. The man-hours include hours paid for holi days, sick leave, and vacations taken; if the em ployee elects to work during a vacation period, the vacation pay and the hours it represents are omitted. TANUFACTURIHG - Covers private establishments engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of in organic or organic substances into new products and usually described as plants, factories, or mills, which characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. Establishments engaged in assembling component parts of manufac tured products are also considered manufacturing if the new product is neither a structure nor other fixed improvement. Government manufacturing opera tions such as arsenals and navy yards are excluded from manufacturing and are included under Government. MINING - Covers establishments engaged in the extrac tion from the earth of Organic and inorganic miner als wbich occur in nature as solids, liquids, or gases; includes various contract services required in mining operations, such as removal of overburden, tunneling and shafting, and the drilling or acidiz ing of oil wells; also includes ore dressing, beneficiating, and concentration. NONDURABLE GOODS - The nondurable-goods subdivision includes the following major manufacturing industry rroups: food and kindred products; tobacco manu factures; textile-mill products; apparel and other finished textile products; paper and allied products; printing, publishing, and allied industries; chemi cals and allied oroducts; products of petroleum and coal; rubber products; and leather and leather pro ducts. This definition is consistent v/ith that used by other Federal agencies, e.g., Federal Re serve Board. NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES - Includes employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons, operators, drivers, attendants, service employees, linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. OVERTIME HOURS - Covers premium overtime hours of pro duction and related workers during the pay period ending nearest the 15>th of the month. Overtime hours are those for which premiums were paid because the hours WBre in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. PAYROLL - The weekly payroll for the specified groups of full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period ending nearest the l5th of the month. The specified group of employees in the manufacturing and mining industries, laundries, and cleaning and dyeing plants is production and related workers; in the contract construction industry, it is construction workers; and in the other industries, it is non supervisory employees and working supervisors. The payroll is reported before deductions for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, with holding tax, bonds, and union dues; also includes pay for sick leave, holidays, and vacations taken. Excludes cash payments for vacations not taken, retroactive pay not earned during period reported, value of payments in kind, and bonuses, unless earned and paid regularly each pay period. PRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKERS - Includes working fore men and all nonsupervisory workers (including lead men and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchman services, products development, auxiliary production for plant*s own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production opera tions . REGIONS: North - Includes all States except the 17 listed as South. South - Includes the following 17 States: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Coluiibia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. (In the case of sawmills and planning mills, general, a third region is identified - the West - and in cludes California, Oregon, and Washington.) SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS - Covers establishments pri marily engaged in rendering services to individuals and business firms, including automotive repair services. Excludes domestic service workers. Non government schools, hospitals, museums, etc., are included under service and miscellaneous; similar Government establishments are included under Govern ment, TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITES - Covers only pri vate establishments engaged in providing all types of transportation and related services; telephone, telegraph, and other connunication services or pro viding electricity, gas, steam, water, or sanitary service. Similar Government establishments are in cluded under Government. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE - Covers establishments en gaged in wholesale trade, i.e., selling merchandise to retailers, and in retail trade, i.e., selling merchandise for personal or household consumption, and rendering service incidental to the sales of goods. Similar Government establishments are in cluded under Government. 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