Full text of Employment and Earnings : November 1996

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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
November 1996




Monthly Household Data
Page

Historical
A-l. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over, 1962 to date

5

A-2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1985todate

6

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age

7
8
10

Characteristics of the Employed
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex

11
12

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-8.
A-9.
A-10.
A-ll.
A-12.

Unemployed persons by age and sex
Unemployment rates by age and sex
Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

12
13
14
15
15

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment Status
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age
by school enrollment, educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race

16
19
20
22

Characteristics of the Employed
A-17.
A-18.
A-19.
A-20.
A-21.
A-22.

Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
Employed persons by industry and occupation
Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less
than 35 hours and usual full- or part-time status
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status ..
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status

23
24
25
26
27
27
28
29
30

Characteristics of the Unemployed
A-26.
A-27.
A-28.
A-29.
A-30.
A-31.
A-32.
A-33.

Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons, total and full-time workers, by duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment

31
32
33
34
35
35
36
37

Persons Not in the Labor Force
A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex

37

Multiple Jobholders
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics

38

Vietnam-era Veterans and Nonveterans
A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age




38

Monthly Establishment Data
Page

Historical
B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1946 to date
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry, 1964 to date

39
40

Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by major
industry and manufacturing group

43
45

B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change

47

46

States
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry

48

Hours and Earnings
National
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
major industry and manufacturing group
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major industry
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls by major industry

56
57
58
59

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data
Employment
National
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry

60

B-l3. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group

72

States and Areas
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry

73

Hours and Earnings
National
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls by
detailed industry
B-l5a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles
(SIC 3761) manufacturing
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
B-l7. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
States and Areas
B-l 8. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected areas

92
112
113
114
115

Monthly Regional, State, and Area Labor Force Data
Seasonally Adjusted Data
C-l. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions
C-2. Labor force status by State

119
121

Not Seasonally Adjusted Data




C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas

iii

126

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Page

Introduction
Relation between the household and establishment series
Comparability of household data with other series
Comparability of payroll employment data with
other series

133
133
134

Household data
Collection and coverage
Concepts and definitions
Historical comparability
Changes in concepts and methods
Noncomparability of labor force levels
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification systems
Sampling
Selection of sample areas
Selection of sample households
Rotation of sample
CPS sample, 1947 to present
Estimating methods
Noninterview adjustment
Ratio estimates
First stage
Second stage
Composite estimation procedure
Rounding of estimates
Reliability of the estimates
Nonsampling error
Sampling error (Revised effective Jan. 1996)
Tables 1-B through 1-H

135
135
135
138
138
139
141
141
142
142
143
143
144
144
144
144
144
144
145
145
145
145
146

Establishment data
Collection
Concepts

153
153
153




Page

Establishment data—Continued
Estimating methods
Benchmarks
Monthly estimation
Stratification
Link relative technique
Bias adjustment
Summary of methods table
The sample
Design
Coverage
Reliability
Measures of error tables
Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error
Estimated standard errors for employment, hours,
and earnings
Standard errors for differences between industries
and times
Noneconomic code changes
Revisions between preliminary and final data
Statistics for States and areas

134

IV

156
156
156
156
156
156
157
158
158
159
159
159
159
160
160
160
163
163

Region, State, and area labor force data
Federal-State cooperative program
Estimating methods
Estimates for States
Current monthly estimates
Benchmark correction procedures
Estimates for sub-State areas
Preliminary estimate:
Employment
Unemployment
Sub-State adjustment for additivity
Benchmark correction

166
166
166
166
166
166
167

Seasonal adjustment

168

167
167
167
167

Employment and Unemployment
Developments, October 1996

line with the average monthly gain so far this year. Employment in the private sector rose by 250,000 in October,
following a very small gain in September. The October
advance was well above this year's monthly average of
194,000. The October increase was concentrated in the
services and retail trade industries. (See table B-3.)
The services industry added 119,000 jobs in October, the
largest gain since May. Amusement and recreation employment rose by 38,000; because of weaker-than-usual
summer hiring this year, October layoffs were relatively
light, resulting in a large gain, after seasonal adjustment.
There was an increase of 21,000 jobs in private educational
services, offsetting a seasonally adjusted decline in September. Health services employment was strong in October, as
it had been in September; hospitals have added 20,000 jobs
since August. Business services continued to show weakness in October; computer and data processing services
added 14,000 jobs over the month, but employment in personnel supply services fell by a like amount.
Following little growth in August and September, retail
trade added 62,000 jobs in October, with gains fairly widespread. Employment rose markedly in food stores (19,000)
and department stores (17,000), following losses in the prior
month. Wholesale trade added 19,000 jobs; the increase
was heavily concentrated in the nondurable goods distribution component.
Employment in both finance and real estate rose sharply
over the month. Within finance, job growth was strong in
commercial banks. Seasonal declines in real estate were
smaller than usual in October. As a result, the industry
added 8,000 jobs on a seasonally adjusted basis.
Employment in transportation increased by 10,000, reversing a similar decline in the previous month. A job gain
of 9,000 in air transportation offset a decline in trucking
and warehousing, which has shown a net decline of 22,000
jobs in the past 4 months.
Government employment fell by 40,000 in October, and
has declined by 107,000 over the past 2 months. These
declines partially reversed a combined increase in July and
August of 160,000. The fluctuations in government employment are largely due to changing seasonal hiring patterns in State and local education. Federal employment
continued its long-term downward trend.
Manufacturing employment was about unchanged in
October, following a substantial decline in September. Job

Nonfarm payroll employment increased in October, and
unemployment was unchanged. Payroll employment rose by
210,000, with the largest gains occurring in services and retail trade. Manufacturing employment was about unchanged,
following a large decline in September. The unemployment
rate was 5.2 percent in October, in line with both the August
and September figures.
Unemployment
About 6.9 million persons were unemployed in October,
and the unemployment rate was 5.2 percent. Both measures
were unchanged from September. Among the major worker
groups, unemployment rates were essentially unchanged for
adult men (4.3 percent), adult women (4.7 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), whites (4.4 percent), blacks (10.8 percent),
and Hispanics (8.0 percent). (See tables A-3 and A-4.)
Total employment and the labor force
Total employment was 127.6 million in October, little different from the September level. The employment-population ratio—the proportion of the population 16 years and over
that was employed—was essentially unchanged in October
at 63.4 percent, but was half a percentage point higher than a
year earlier. (See table A-3.)
The number of persons who held more than one job was
8.4 million (not seasonally adjusted) in October. These multiple jobholders comprised 6.5 percent of the total employed.
(See table A-35.)
The civilian labor force, at 134.6 million in October, was
little different from the previous month. Since October 1995,
the labor force has grown by 2.1 million. (See table A-3.)
Persons not in the labor force
About 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were
marginally attached to the labor force in October—that is,
they wanted and were available for work but had stopped
looking for jobs sometime in the prior 12 months. Of this
total, 374,000 were discouraged workers—persons who were
not looking for work specifically because they believed no
jobs were available for them. (See table A-34.)
Industry payroll employment
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 210,000 in
October to 120.2 million, after seasonal adjustment, following a small decline in September. The increase was about in




1

losses continued in motor vehicles and equipment. Employment also continued to decline in electronic equipment,
where losses have totaled 10,000 over the past 3 months.
Over the same period, apparel lost 18,000 jobs. These declines were offset by increases in several industries. Industrial machinery recovered half of the jobs lost in September, but still shows no net gain for 1996. An increase of
6,000 jobs in aircraft in October primarily reflected the return of workers from a strike. Lumber, printing and publishing, and chemicals also added jobs in October; all of
these industries have had fluctuating movements over the
past several months.
Construction employment increased by 10,000 in October. Gains have averaged 9,000 a month since July, compared with an average monthly gain of about 29,000 during the first 7 months of this year.

Weekly hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory

workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.4 hour in
October to 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted, nearly reversing
increases of the prior 2 months. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.2 hour, to 41.6 hours, and factory overtime
was unchanged at 4.5 hours. (See table B-8.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls decreased
by 0.9 percent, on a seasonally adjusted basis, to 136.8
(1982=100) in October, as the decline in the average workweek more than offset the employment increase. The manufacturing index fell by 0.4 percent to 105.7. (See table B-9.)

Hourly and weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls were unchanged
in October at $11.91 (seasonally adjusted) following a gain
of 10 cents over the prior 2 months. Average weekly earnings decreased by 1.2 percent. Over the past year, average
hourly earnings rose by 3.1 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by 2.5 percent. (See table B - l l . )

Revisions in Establishment-base Series
Effective with the publication of November 1996 estimates, BLS will introduce revised seasonal
adjustment factors for the establishment survey data for November 1996 through April 1997. Factors
for September and October 1996 also will be revised. These factors will be available on November 29,
1 week prior to the release of the November estimates, on the INTERNET (http://stats.bls.gov.80/
ceshome.htm), and will be published in the December 1996 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Also, effective with the release of November estimates, BLS will resume publication of its average
hourly and weekly earnings series (table B-15) for March 1995 forward for the following manufacturing industries: Engines and turbines (SIC 351), turbines and turbine generator sets (SIC 3511),
household appliances (SIC 363), household refrigerators and freezers (SIC 3632), aircraft and parts
(SIC 372), and aircraft engines and engine parts (SIC 3724). In addition, corrections will be published for average hours and average overtime hours for these industries.
BLS discovered that data for some establishments in these industries were not used in the estimates
for several months in 1995 due to problems associated with the conversion to the Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) reporting system.
These series will be recalculated from March 1995 forward to incorporate the omitted data and will
be available on the INTERNET (http://stats.bls.gov:80/ceshome.htm) on December 6. Historical series also will be published in the December 1996 issue of this publication. For additional information,
contact the Division of Monthly Industry Employment Statistics at (202) 606-6555.




Scheduled Release Dates
Employment and unemployment data are scheduled for initial release on the
following dates:
Release date

Reference month

November

December 6

February

March 7

December

January 10

March

April 4

January

February 7

April

May 2

Reference month

Release date

Summary table A. Major labor force status categories, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1995

1996

Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Labor force status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Percent of population
Unemployed
Not in labor force

199,192 199,355 199,508
132,473 132,471 132,352
66.4
66.3
66.5
125,244 125,062 124,981
62.7
62.6
62.9
7,229 7,409 7,371
66,719 66,884 67,156

199,634 199,773 199,921 200,101 200,278 200,459 200,641 200,847 201,061 201,273
132,903 133,018 133,655 133,361 133,910 133,669 134,181 133,885 134,340 134,574
66.6
66.6
66.9
66.6
66.9
66.8
66.7
66.9
66.7
66.9
125,226 125,663 126,151 126,095 126,462 126,610 126,884 127,055 127,368 127,627
62.7
62.9
63.1
63.0
63.1
63.3
63.2
63.2
63.4
63.3
7,677 7,355 7,504 7,266 7,448 7,060 7,297 6,830 6,971 6,948
66,730 66,754 66,266 66,741 66,368 66,790 66,460
66,721
Unemployment rates

All workers
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White
Black
Hispanic origin

5.5
4.5
5.0
17.1

4.8
10.0

9.3

5.6
4.9
4.8
17.8
5.0
9.6
9.3

5.6
4.8
4.7
18.0
4.9
10.2
9.3

5.8
4.9
5.1
18.2
5.0
10.6
9.2

5.5
4.9
4.8
16.6
4.9
10.3
9.7

5.4
4.8
4.7
16.7
4.7
10.5
9.7

5.6
5.0
4.8
17.5
4.8
11.1
10.0

5.6
4.8
5.0
16.4
4.9
10.2
9.2

5.3
4.6
4.6
15.9
4.6
10.1
8.8

5.4
4.7
4.9
16.4
4.7
10.5
9.0

5.1
4.2
4.6
17.2
4.4
10.5
8.7

5.2
4.5
4.5
15.6
4.5
10.5
8.2

5.2
4.3
4.7
16.1
4.4
10.8

8.0

Summary table B. Employment, hours, and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls,
seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1996
Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

May

June

July

Aug.

119,332
99,873
24,263
576
5,384
18,303
95,069
6,309
6,567
21,485
6,964
34,285
19,459

119,537
100,091
24,274
575
5,401
18,298
95,263
6,329
6,575
21,568
6,967
34,378
19,446

119,772
100,288
24,264
570
5,427
18,267
95,508
6,333
6,585
21,671
6.987
34,448
19,484

120,052
100,446
24,298
570
5,437
18,291
95,754
6,342
6,603
21,672
6,999
34,532
19,606

410
346
54
3
31
20
356
15
17
70
22
168
64

205
218
11
-1
17
-5
194
20
8
83
3
93
-13

235
197
-10
-5
26
-31
245
4
10
103
20
70
38

280
158
34
0
10
24
246
9
18
1
12
84
122

-35
32
-53
-2
8
-59
16
-12
10
27
4
56
-67

210
250
17
1
10
6
193
7
19
62
26
119
-40

Apr.

Sept.*

Oct.P

Employment
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government

117,749
98,410
24,151
573
5,200
18,378
93,598
6,212
6,465
21,263
6,859
33,460
19,339

117,899
98,561
24,133
569
5,211
18,353
93,766
6,233
6,478
21,300
6,871
33,546
19,338

118,136
98,769
24,160
570
5,223
18,367
93,976
6,249
6,498
21,334
6,887
33,661
19,347

118,070
98,734
24,112
569
5,234
18,309
93,958
6,254
6,512
21,268
6,894
33,694
19,336

118,579
99,214
24,254
573
5,349
18,332
94,325
6,270
6,529
21,340
6,919
33,902
19,365

118,750
24,196
574
5,341
16,281
94,554
6,292
6,548
21,350
6,931
34,039
19,394

118,922
99,527
24,209
573
5,353
18,283
94,713
6,294
6,550
21,415
6,942
34,117
19,395

120,017 120,227
100,478 100,728
24,245 24,262
568
569
5,445
5,455
18,232
18.238
95,772
95,965
6,330
6,337
6,613
6,632
21,699
21,761
7,003
7,029
34,588
34,707
19,539
19,499

Over-the-month change
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Services
Government

126
112
-25
-1
13
-37
151
18
14
5
17
83
14

150
151
-18
-4
11
-25
168
21
13
37
12
86
-1

237
228
27
1
12
14
210
16
20
34
16
115
9

-66
-55
-48
-1
11
-58
-18
5
14
-66
7
33
-11

509
480
142
4
115
23
367
16
17
72
25
208
29

171
142
-58
1
-8
-51
229
22
19
10
12
137
29

172
171
13
-1
12
2
159
2
2
65
11
78
1

Hours of work1
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.5
41.4
4.3

34.4
41.5

34.3
41.2

33.8
40.0

34.5
41.4

34.5
41.3

34.3
41.5

34.2
41.7

34.7
41.8

34.2
41.6

34.4
41.7

34.7
41.8

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.5

34.3
41.6
4.5

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 1
Total private
Manufacturing

134.3
106.2

134.3
106.1

134.3
105.6

131.7
102.0

135.5
105.9

135.5
105.2

135.2
105.7

135.3
106.2

137.7
106.5

136.1
105.8

136.9
106.3

138.1
106.1

136.8
105.7

$11.74
7.39
401.51

$11.83
7.44
410.50

$11.81
7.41
403.90

$11.87
7.45
408.33

$11.91
7.45
413.28

$11.91
N.A.
$408.51

Earnings1
Average hourly earnings, total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars2
Average weekly earnings, total private
1

$11.55
7.42
398.48

$11.59
7.44
398.70

$11.61
7.44
398.22

$11.62
7.41
392.76

Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W)
is used to deflate these series.
2




$11.65
7.42
401.93

$11.68
7.40
402.96

$11.72
7.40
402.00

N.A. = not available.
= preliminary,

p

Chart 1. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, 1992-96
Thousands
122,000

Thousands
122,000

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Chart 2. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, 1992-96




1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

NOTE: Beginning in 1994, household data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the
Current Population Survey questionnaire and collection methodology and are not directly
comparable with data for prior years. Moreover, beginning in 1990, these data reflect 1990
census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population 16 years and over, 1962 to date
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
and
month

Civilian
noninstitutionai
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Number

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Unemployed

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
19621
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

120,153
122,416
124,485
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335

70,614
71,833
73,091
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734

58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1

66,702
67,762
69,305
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902

55.5
55.4
55.7
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0

4,944
4,687
4,523
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606

61,759
63,076
64,782
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296

3,911
4,070
3,786
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832

5.5
5.7
5.2
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5

49,539
50,583
51,394
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602

1970
1971
19721
19731
1974
1975
1976
1977
19781
1979

137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863

82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962

60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7

78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824

57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9

3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347

75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477

4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137

4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8

54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393

106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869

63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5

99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342

59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0

3,364
3,368
3,401
3,383
3,321
3,179
3,163
3,208
3,169
3,199

95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,434
109,232
111,800
114,142

7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528

7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3

60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523

19902
1991
1992
1993
19942
1995

189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584

125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304

66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6

118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900

62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9

3,223
3,269
3,247
3,115
3,409
3,440

115,570
114,449
115,245
117,144
119,651
121,460

7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404

5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6

63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1995:
October ....
November
December

199,192
199,355
199,508

132,473
132,471
132,352

66.5
66.4
66.3

125,244
125,062
124,981

62.9
62.7
62.6

3,434
3,323
3,325

121,810
121,739
121,656

7,229
7,409
7,371

5.5
5.6
5.6

66,719
66,884
67,156

1996:
January ....
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October....

199,634
199,773
199,921
200,101
200,278
200,459
200,641
200,847
201,061
201,273

132,903
133,018
133,655
133,361
133,910
133,669
134,181
133,885
134,340
134,574

66.6
66.9
66.6
66.9
66.7
66.9
66.7
66.8

125,226
125,663
126,151
126,095
126,462
126,610
126,884
127,055
127,368
127,627

62.7
62.9
63.1
63.0
63.1
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.3
63.4

3,529
3,519
3,487
3,368
3,491
3,382
3,502
3,421
3,535
3,457

121,698
122,143
122,664
122,726
122,971
123,228
123,382
123,635
123,833
124,169

7,677
7,355
7,504
7,266
7,448
7,060
7,297
6,830
6,971
6,948

5.8
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.2
5.2

66,730
66,754
66,266
66,741
66,368
66,790
66,460
66,962
66,721
66,699

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see
"Historical Comparability" under the Household Data section of the
Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error.
2
Data, beginning in 1994, are not strictly comparable with data for 1993
and prior years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the
Current Population Survey (household survey) questionnaire and collection
methodology. For additional information, see "Revisions in the Current




Population Survey Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
this publication. Beginning in 1990, data incorporate 1990 census-based
population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additional
information, see "Revisions in Household Survey Data Effective February
1996" in the March 1996 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
HISTORICAL
A-2.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1985 to date

(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Sex, year,
and month

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Number

Percent
of
population

Percent
of
population

Number

Unemployed

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

Not in
labor
force

Annual averages
MEN
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762

64,411
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840

76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4

59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315

70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5

2,535
2,511
2,543
2,493
2,513

57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802

4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525

7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2

20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923

1990
1991

90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178

69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360

76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0

65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377

72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8

2,546
2,589
2,575
2,478
2,554
2,559

62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63,896
64,818

3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983

5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6

21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818

1992
1993
19942
1995

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1995:
October
November ...
December ...

95,492
95,580
95,661

71,238
71,208
71,182

74.6
74.5
74.4

67,416
67,177
67,162

70.6
70.3
70.2

2,562
2,462
2,445

64,854
64,715
64,717

3,822
4,031
4,020

5.4
5.7
5.6

24,254
24,372
24,479

95,713
95,786
95,864
95,955
96,048
96,140
96,230
96,335
96,447
96,556

71,593
71,743
72,030
71,935
72,241
72,121
72,375
71,973
72,102
72,375

74.8
74.9
75.1
75.0
75.2
75.0
75.2
74.7
74.8
75.0

67,501
67,764
67,856
67,933
68,278
68,283
68,400
68,442
68,319
68,669

70.5
70.7
70.8
70.8
71.1
71.0
71.1
71.0
70.8
71.1

2,619
2,617
2,590
2,519
2,599
2,505
2,603
2,549
2,609
2,617

64,881
65,147
65,266
65,414
65,678
65,779
65,797
65,893
65,710
66,052

4,092
3.979
4,174
4,002
3,964
3,837
3,975
3,531
3,783
3,706

5.7
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.2
5.1

24,120
24,043
23,834
24,020
23,807
24,019
23,855
24,362
24,345
24,181

1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October

Annual averages
WOMEN
1985
19861
1987
1988
1989

93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630

51,050
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030

54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4

47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027

50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3

644
652
666
676
687

46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341

3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003

7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4

42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601

1990
1991
1992
1993
19942
1995

98,787
99.646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406

56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944

57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9

53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523

54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6

678
680
672
637
855
881

53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55,755
56,642

3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421

5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6

41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted3
1995:
October ....
November
December

103,700
103,775
103,847

61,235
61,263
61,170

59.1
59.0
58.9

57,828
57,885
57,819

55.8
55.8
55.7

872
861
880

56,956
57,024
56,939

3,407
3,378
3,351

5.6
5.5
5.5

42,465
42,512
42,677

103,921
103,986
104,058
104,146
104,230
104,319
104,411
104,512
104,614
104,717

61,310
61,275
61,625
61,426
61,669
61,548
61,806
61,912
62,238
62,199

59.0
58.9
59.2
59.0
59.2
59.0
59.2
59.2
59.5
59.4

57,725
57,899
58,294
58,161
58,184
58,326
58,484
58.613
59,049
58,958

55.5
55.7
56.0
55.8
55.8
55.9
56.0
56.1
56.4
56.3

909
902
897
849
891
877
899
871
926
840

56,816
56,997
57,397
57,312
57,293
57,449
57,585
57,742
58,123
58,118

3,585
3,376
3,331
3,264
3,485
3,222
3,322
3,299
3,189
3,242

5.8
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.7
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.2

42,610
42,711
42,433
42.721
42,561
42,771
42,605
42,600
42,376
42,518

1996:
January
February ...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October ....

1
Not strictly comparable with prior years. For an explanation, see "Historical
Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes and
Estimates of Error.
2
Data, beginning in 1994, are not strictly comparable with data for 1993 and prior
years because of the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey
(household survey) questionnaire and collection methodology. For additional




information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective January 1994" in
the February 1994 issue of this publication. Beginning in 1990, data incorporate 1990
census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. For additional
information, see "Revisions in Household Survey Data Effective February 1996" in the
March 1996 issue of this publication.
3
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-3.

Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1995
Oct.

Nov.

1996
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

199,192 199,355 199,508 199,634 199,773 199,921 200,101 200,278 200,459 200,641 200,847 201,061 201,273
132,473 132,471 132,352 132,903 133,018 133,655 133,361 133,910 133,669 134,181 133,885 134,340 134,574
66.6
66.9
66.6
66.3
66.6
66.9
66.4
66.5
66.9
66.9
66.7
66.7
66.8
125,244 125,062 124,981 125,226 125,663 126,151 126,095 126,462 126,610 126,884 127,055 127,368 127,627
62.7
63.4
62.9
62.6
63.0
63.1
62.7
62.9
63.1
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.3
7,229 7,409 7,371 7,677 7,355 7,504 7,266 7,448 7,060 7,297 6,830 6,971 6,948
5.8
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.1
5.2

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

95,492
71,238
74.6
67,416
70.6
2,562
64,854
3,822
5.4
24,254

95,580
71,208
74.5
67,177
70.3
2,462
64,715
4,031
5.7
24,372

95,661
71,182
74.4
67,162
70.2
2,445
64,717
4,020
5.6
24,479

95,713
71,593
74.8
67,501
70.5
2,619
64,881
4,092
5.7
24,120

95,786
71,743
74.9
67,764
70.7
2,617
65,147
3,979
5.5
24,043

95,864
72,030
75.1
67,856
70.8
2,590
65,266
4,174
5.8
23,834

95,955
71,935
75.0
67,933
70.8
2,519
65,414
4,002
5.6
24,020

96,048
72,241
75.2
68,278
71.1
2,599
65,678
3,964
5.5
23,807

96,140
72,121
75.0
68,283
71.0
2,505
65,779
3,837
5.3
24,019

96,230
72,375
75.2
68,400
71.1
2,603
65,797
3,975
5.5
23,855

96,335
71,973
74.7
68,442
71.0
2,549
65,893
3,531
4.9
24,362

96,447
72,102
74.8
68,319
70.8
2,609
65,710
3,783
5.2
24,345

96,556
72,375
75.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

88,027
67,193
76.3
64,146
72.9
2,351
61,795
3,047
4.5
20,834

88,046
67,171
76.3
63,901
72.6
2,259
61,642
3,270
4.9
20,875

88,172
67,133
76.1
63,879
72.4
2,252
61,627
3,254
4.8
21,039

88,223
67,563
76.6
64,246
72.8
2,399
61,848
3,317
4.9
20,659

88,296
67,719
76.7
64,425
73.0
2,382
62,044
3,294
4.9
20,577

88,366
67,980
76.9
64,594
73.1
2,403
62,191
3,386
5.0
20,386

88,440
67,821
76.7
64,555
73.0
2,292
62,263
3,266
4.8
20,619

88,530
68,064
76.9
64,818
73.2
2,337
62,480
3,246
4.8
20,466

88,570
68,118
76.9
64,962
73.3
2,292
62,669
3,157
4.6
20,452

88,614
68,274
77.0
65,094
73.5
2,381
62,713
3,179
4.7
20,340

88,650
68,114
76.8
65,286
73.6
2,352
62,933
2,829
4.2
20,536

88,733
68,072
76.7
64,978
73.;
2,377
62,601
3,094
4.5
20,661

88,840
68,247
76.8
65,293
73.5
2,419
62,873
2,954
4.3
20,593

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

103,700 103,775 103,847 103,921 103,986 104,058 104,146
61,235 61,263 61,170 61,310 61,275 61,625 61,426
59.0
58.9
59.2
59.0
58.9
59.0
59.1
57,828 57,885 57,819 57,725 57,899 58,294 58,161
55.7
55.7
55.8
56.0
55.5
55.8
55.8
902
897
849
909
880
861
872
56,956 57,024 56,939 56,816 56,997 57,397 57,312
3,407 3,378 3,351 3,585 3,376 3,331 3,264
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.8
5.5
42,465 42,512 42,677 42,610 42,711 42,433 42,721

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

96,487
57,516
59.6
54,661
56.7
616
53,845
2,855
5.0
38,971

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

14,678 14,754 14,703 14,694 14,719 14,757 14,805
7,764 7,798 7,793 7,749 7,729 7,772 7,776
52.9
52.5
52.7
53.0
52.9
52.7
52.5
6,437 6,409 6,387 6,338 6,448 6,411 6,480
43.8
43.1
43.4
43.4
43.4
43.9
43.8
286
273
257
267
240
258
263
6,170 6,151 6,130 6,065 6,161 6,171 6,217
1,327 1,389 1,406 1,412 1,282 1,362 1,296
16.6
18.2
17.8
17.1
17.5
18.0
16.7
6,914 6,956 6,910 6,945 6,990 6,984 7,028!

1

96,555
57,502
59.6
54,752
56.7
806
53,946
2,750
4.8
39,053

96,633
57,426
59.4
54,715
56.6
816
53,899
2,711
4.7
39,207

96,717
57,591
59.5
54,642
56.5
857
53,785
2,949
5.1
39,126

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in tables A-3




96,757
57,570
59.5
54,790
56.6
851
53,938
2,780
4.8
39,188

96,798
57,903
59.8
55,146
57.0
844
54,303
2,757
4.8
38,895

96,857
57,763
59.6
55,060
56.8
813
54,247
2,704
4.7
39,093

71.1
2,617
66,052
3,706
5.1
24,181

104,230 104,319 104,411 104,512 104,614 104,717
61,669 61,548 61,806 61,912 62,238 62,199
59.5
59.4
59.2
59.2
59.0
59.2
58,184 58,326 58,484 58,613 59,049 58,958
56.4
56.3
56.0
56.1
55.9
55.8
840
871
926
899
877
891
57,293 57,449 57,585 57,742 58,123 58,118
3,485 3,222 3,322 3,299 3,189 3,242
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.7
42,561 42,771 42,605 42,600 42,376 42,518
96,925
57,915
59.8
55,014
56.8
831
54,183
2,901
5.0
39,010

96,999
57,893
59.7
55,211
56.9
842
54,369
2,682
4.6
39,106

97,064
58,102
59.9
55,266
56.9
863
54,403
2,837
4.9
38,962

97,146
58,225
59.9
55,522
57.2
829
54,693
2,704
4.6
38,920

97,226
58,356
60.0
55,711
57.3
881
54,831
2,645
4.5
38,870

97,290
58,372
60.0
55,657
57.2
794
54,862
2,715
4.7
38,918

14,823 14,890 14,963 15,051 15,101 15,143
7,932 7,658 7,805 7,545 7,911 7,956
52.4
51.4
52.5
52.2
53.5
50.1
6,630 6,437 6,524 6,248 6,679 6,677
44.1
41.5
44.2
43.6
43.2
44.7
244
240
278
248
323
258
6,308 6,189 6,266 6,008 6,401 6,434
1,301 1,221 1,280 1,297 1,232 1,278
15.9
16.4
16.4
16.1
17.2
15.6
6,891 7,232 7,158 7,506 7,190 7,187

through A-12 will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
seasonal adjustment of the various series.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1995
Oct.

Nov.

1996
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ,
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

167,327 167,441 167,545 167,669 167,757 167,853 167,973 168,098 168,222 168,345 168,489 168,639 168,788
112,147 112,023 111,987 112,198 112,747 112,970 112,613 113,109 112,941 113,076 112,832 113,316 113,616
67.3
66.9
67.0
67.2
67.1
67.0
66.9
67.3
67.2
67.3
67.2
66.8
67.0
106,761 106,451 106,445 106,576 107,244 107,497 107,319 107,612 107,757 107,772 107,828 108,256 108,603
64.0
63.6
64.0
64.0
64.1
63.9
64.3
64.2
63.6
64.0
63.9
63.5
63.8
5,304 5,004 5,060 5,013
5,386 5,572 5,542 5,623 5,502 5,473 5,294 5,497 5,184
4.8
5.0
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.4
4.5
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
4.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

57,717 57,679 57,693 57,894 58,162 58,309 58,202 58,340 58,426 58,456 58,354 58,303 58,558
77.0
77.5
77.4
77.3
77.5
77.3
76.8
76.8
77.4
77.1
77.3
77.5
76.9
55,383 55,150 55,206 55,438 55,688 55,795 55,778 55,914 56,047 56,079 56,174 56,008 56,344
73.4
74.1
74.4
74.3
74.3
74.2
74.1
74.1
74.0
73.7
73.5
73.8
74.5
2,529 2,487
2,426
2,424
2,514
2,456 2,475
2,334
2,295 2,215
2,379 2,376 2,179
4.4
3.9
3.7
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.0
3.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

47,909 47,832 47,772 47,727 47,968 48,136 47,884 48,103 47,956 47,981 48,124 48,286 48,337
59.4
59.2
59.2
59.5
59.3
59.0
59.1
59.2
59.4
59.5
59.5
59.3
59.2
45,820 45,796 45,722 45,604 45,892 46,141 45,937 45,976 46,063 46,009 46,217 46,406 46,429
56.8
57.0
56.4
56.7
57.2
57.2
57.0
56.8
56.9
56.8
56.8
56.6
56.8
1,907
1,907
1,894
2,128
1,947
1,995
2,036 2,050 2,123
2,089
1,881
1,972
2,076
4.4
4.1
4.1
4.4
3.9
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.3
4.4
4.3
4.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,521
56.5
5,558
48.1
963
14.8
16.8
12.5

6,512
56.3
5,505
47.6
1,007
15.5
16.4
14.5

6,522
56.2
5,517
47.5
1,005
15.4
16.0
14.7

6,577
56.6
5,533
47.6
1,044
15.9
16.6
15.1

6,616
56.8
5,665
48.6
951
14.4
15.2
13.4

6,525
55.8
5,561
47.6
964
14.8
16.0
13.4

6,527
55.7
5,604
47.8
923
14.1
15.2
12.9

6,666
56.6
5,723
48.6
943
14.1
15.2
12.9

6,558
55.5
5,647
47.8
911
13.9
14.7
13.0

6,639
56.0
5,684
48.0
955
14.4
16.6
12.0

6,354
53.5
5,437
45.7
917
14.4
15.6
13.2

6,726
56.4
5,842
49.0
885
13.2
14.5
11.8

6,721
56.2
5,830
48.8
891
13.3
15.4
11.0

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio ..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

23,357 23,389 23,419 23,424 23,455 23,485 23,519 23,549 23,579 23,611 23,650 23,690 23,728
14,856 15,006 14,959 14,993 14,827 15,030 14,971 15,149 14,955 15,279 15,361 15,167 15,291
65.0
64.4
64.0
63.4
64.3
63.7
64.7
64.0
63.2
64.0
63.9
64.2
63.6
13,370 13,558 13,436 13,409 13,302 13,358 13,399 13,599 13,451 13,671 13,750 13,569 13,644
57.5
57.3
58.1
57.7
57.9
57.0
57.0
56.9
56.7
57.2
57.4
58.0
57.2
1,611
1,551
1,647
1,597
1,504
1,573
1,609
1,673
1,525
1,584
1,523
1,448
1,486
10.8
10.5
10.1
10.5
10.5
10.2
10.5
10.3
10.6
10.2
9.6
11.1
10.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,676
71.7
6,125
65.7
551
8.3

6,664
71.8
6,108
65.8
556
8.3

6,683
71.5
6,062
64.9
621
9.3

6,748
72.2
6,141
65.7
607
9.0

6,775
72.3
6,089
65.0
686
10.1

6,790
72.4
6,049
64.5
741
10.9

6,696
71.3
6,055
64.5
641
9.6

6,786
72.2
6,136
65.3
650
9.6

6,728
71.5
6,110
64.9
617
9.2

6,867
72.9
6,233
66.2
634
9.2

6,890
73.2
6,326
67.2
564
8.2

6,849
72.7
6,177
65.6
672
9.8

6,843
72.4
6,189
65.5
654
9.6

7,259
61.9
6,637
56.6
622
8.6

7,366
62.7
6,789
57.8
577
7.8

7,317
62
6,751
57.4
566
7.7

7,343
62.4
6,678
56.8
665
9.1

7,193
61.1
6,630
56.3
563
7.8

7,287
61.8
6,674
56.6
613
8.4

7,300
61.9
6,687
56.7
613
8.4

7,373
62.4
6,758
57.2
615
8.3

7,373
62.4
6,743
57.0
630
8.5

7,504
63.4
6,830
57.7
674
9.0

7,511
63.4
6,824
57.6
687
9.1

7,417
62.5
6,794
57.3
623
8.4

7,491
63.0
6,830
57.5
661
8.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-4. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutionai population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin, seasonally
adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

1995
Oct.

Nov.

1996
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

BLACK—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

921
39.9
608
26.3
313
34.0
35.3
32.7

976
41.2
661
27.9
315
32.3
33.7
30.8

959
41.4
623
26.9
336
35.0
39.0
31.4

902
39.1
590
25.6
312
34.6
39.1
30.4

860
37.2
583
25.2
276
32.1
30.6
33.6

954
41.1
635
27.4
319
33.5
38.2
28.4

976
41.9
657
28.2
319
32.7
34.1
31.3

990
42.3
705
30.1
286
28.9
27.4
30.2

854
36.4
598
25.4
256
30.0
35.3
25.0

908
38.5
607
25.8
301
33.1
43.3
20.9

960
40.2
599
25.1
361
37.6
38.6
36.5

901
37.5
598
24.9
303
33.6
36.6
30.7

957
39.9
625
26.1
331
34.6
37.1
32.1

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutionai population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

18,800 18,845 18,889 18,929 18,977 19,025 19,080 19,131 19,184 19,238 19,292 19,346 19,398
12,410 12,374 12,391 12,655 12,666 12,571 12,511 12,514 12,576 12,641 12,877 12,822 12,986
66.7
66.9
66.3
66.7
65.7
65.4
65.6
66.1
66.9
65.7
66.0
65.6
65.6
11,251 11,227 11,237 11,493 11,432 11,308 11,294 11,365 11,472 11,500 11,750 11,766 11,942
59.4
60.9
59.4
59.2
60.2
60.7
59.6
61.6
60.8
59.8
59.8
59.5
59.8
1,262
1,217
1,234
1,127
1,141
1,149
1,162
1,147
1,044
1,057
1,104
1,154
1,159
8.7
9.7
10.0
9.7
9.0
9.2
9.2
9.3
8.0
8.2
8.8
9.3
9.3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum




to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-5. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Full- and part-time status, sex,
and age

1996

1995
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

102,128
60,070
58,880
42,013
41,170
2,078

102,285
59,916
58,678
42,315
41,520
2,087

102,233
60,012
58,827
42,161
41,352
2,054

101,957
59,844
58,702
42,058
41,265
1,989

102,594
60,144
58,928
42,359
41,560
2,106

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

103,390
60,900
59,586
42,488
41,607
2,196

103,325
60,718
59,456
42,700
41,871
1,998

103,619
60,906
59,663
42,775
41,927
2,029

103,730
60,970
59,849
42,741
41,982
1,899

104,378
61,115
59,780
43,260
42,435
2,163

104,698
61,322
60,060
43,397
42,559
2,079

EMPLOYED
Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

102,618 102,711
60,193 60,345
58,946 59,169
. 42,427 42,367
41,646 41,623
2,025 1,919

23,176 23,001 22,950 23,188 23,013 23,326 23,239 23,035 23,247 23,248 23,359 23,072 22,985
7,345 7,611
7,528 7,497 7,312 7,387
7,490 7,540 7,519
7,343 7,302 7,254 7,591
5,479 5,460 5,509 5,224 5,275
5,375
5,498 5,276 5,185
5,329 5,319 5,227 5,521
15,801 15,667 15,648 15,609 15,561 15,756 15,741 15,702 15,647 15,687 15,903 15,790 15,576
13,485 13,346 13,376 13,321 13,261 13,437 13,416 13,377 13,344 13,328 13,470 13,304 13,105
4,544 4,606
4,474 4,424 4,459 4,380
4,390 4,547
4,362 4,336 4,347 4,346 4,378

UNEMPLOYED
Looking for full-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5,846
3,352
2,856
2,596
2,328
662

5,977
3,457
3,045
2,552
2,240
692

5,938
3,443
3,037
2,535
2,219
682

6,116
3,345
2,989
2,714
2,412
715

5,853
3,238
3,009
2,525
2,251
593

6,014
3,465
3,111
2,513
2,216
688

5,843
3,368
3,021
2,473
2,190
632

5,969
3,322
2,953
2,637
2,364
652

5,672
3,234
2,903
2,449
2,247
522

5,825
3,303
2,908
2,542
2,351
566

5,363
2,9oo
2,560
2,439
2,161
642

5,611
3,309
2,915
2,328
2,063
633

5,664
3,314
2,776
2,462
2,179
709

Looking for part-time work
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1,457
624
238
847
535
684

1,452
624
242
845
515
695

1,450
636
249
828
481
720

1,472
590
233
864
539
699

1,516
685
307
836
511
697

1,499
668
288
800
537
675

1,427
625
240
811
525
662

1,455
616
278
837
530
648

1,389
624
259
767
438
692

1,505
690
277
807
517
711

1,476
613
271
853
542
663

1,359
506
193
842
566
599

1,341
539
212
810
533
597

Full-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.4
5.3
4.6
5.8
5.4
24.2

5.5
5.5
4.9
5.7
5.1
24.9

5.5
5.4
4.9
5.7
5.1
24.9

5.7
5.3
4.8
6.1
5.5
26.4

5.4
5.1
4.9
5.6
5.1
22.0

5.5
5.4
5.0
5.6
5.1
25.3

5.4
5.3
4.9
5.5
5.0
24.8

5.5
5.2
4.7
5.8
5.4
22.9

5.2
5.1
4.7
5.4
5.1
20.7

5.3
5.1
4.6
5.6
5.3
21.8

4.9
4.6
4.1
5.4
4.9
25.2

5.1
5.1
4.6
5.1
4.6
22.6

5.1
5.1
4.4
5.4
4.9
25.4

Part-time workers
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.9
7.8
4.3
5.1
3.8
13.6

5.9
7.9
4.4
5.1
3.7
13.8

5.9
8.1
4.5
5.0
3.5
14.2

6.0
7.2
4.1
5.2
3.9
13.9

6.2
8.4
5.4
5.1
3.7
13.7

6.0
8.1
5.0
4.8
3.8
13.3

5.8
7.7
4.3
4.9
3.8
12.7

5.9
7.7
5.1
5.1
3.8
12.6

5.6
7.6
4.5
4.7
3.2
13.5

6.1
8.4
4.8
4.9
3.7
13.7

5.9
7.6
4.7
5.1
3.9
13.1

5.6
6.5
3.6
5.1
4.1
11.6

5.5
6.8
3.9
4.9
3.9
11.5

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES1

1
These rates reflect a refined definition of the full- and part-time labor
force and differ from the rates published elsewhere in this publication




prior to 1994.

10

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-6. Employed persons by marital status, occupation, class of worker, and part-time status, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996

1995
Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

MARITAL STATUS
125,244 125,062 124,981 125,226 125,663 126,151 126,095 126,462 126,610 126,884 127,055 127,368 127,627
42,281 42,081 42,058 42,171 42,339 42,178 42,067 42,406 42,587 42,478 42,622 42,265 42,623
32,185 32,153 32,072 32,078 32,101 32,053 31,868 32,330 32,649 32,713 32,732 32,765 32,507
7,389 7,314
7,360 7,230 7,291
7,295
7,304 7,294
7,443
7,397
7,089 7,274
7,390

Total
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION

35,758 35,730 35,712 35,682 35,866 36,149 36,115 36,257 36,696 36,361 36,520 36,741

Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative
support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

36,911

37,337
16,994
13,459
18,034
3,692

37,291
16,947
13,344
18,213
3,590

36,999
16,964
13,445
18,264
3,599

37,057
16,755
13,615
18,257
3,760

37,328
16,727
13,786
18,147
3,744

37,782
16,714
13,618
18,058
3,622

37,638
16,939
13,595
18,124
3,545

37,681
17,312
13,439
18,282
3,560

37,683
17,215
13,572
18,137
3,472

37,795
17,418
13,439
18,392
3,594

37,858
17,397
13,701
18,075
3,500

37,801
17,533
13,717
18,047
3,576

38,004
17,242
13,602
18,250
3,619

1,806
1,543
49

1,750
1,514
34

1,755
1,521
46

1,964
1,547
48

1,954
1,531
34

1,859
1,572
41

1,862
1,484
52

2,026
1,456
46

1,900
1,457
35

1,863
1,564
52

1,802
1,528
65

1,833
1,597
97

1,793
1,585
75

112,777
94,533
973
93,560
18,244
8,913
102

112,722
94,434
980
93,454
18,288
8,853
105

112,618
94,381
975
93,406
18,237
8,877
106

112,568
94,524
931
93,593
18,044
8,913
85

113,165
94,906
873
94,032
18,259
8,953
116

113,461
95,456
901
94,555
18,005
9,092
102

113,527
95,237
844
94,393
18,290
9,081
101

114,032
95,776
918
94,858
18,256
8,878
124

114,130
95,801
812
94,989
18,329
9,073
136

114,294
96,000
935
95,065
18,294
8,998
130

114,634
96,348
1,009
95,339
18,286
8,876
121

114,908
96,821
1,006
95,814
18,088
8,763
127

115,120
97,012
1,023
95,989
18,107
8,928
137

All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

4,502 4,479
4,433 4,435 4,447 4,091
2,537 2,250 2,533 2,548
2,520 2,526
1,615
1,621
1,652
1,648
1,596
1,509
17,678 17,452 17,405 17,198 17,493 17,915

4,525
2,594
1,571
17,487

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Part time for noneconomic reasons

4,274
2,426
1,610
17,054

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Government
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

,

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

4,366 4,354 4,309 4,300
2,589 2,477 2,426 2,217
1,494
1,746
1,610
1,616
17,814 18,229 17,710 17,631

4,283 4,306 3,842 4,274
4,159 4,205 4,128 4,125
4,223 4,287 4,068 4,146
2,440 2,114
2,419
2,457 2,350 2,318
2,362 2,386 2,476 2,092 2,215
2,112
1,534
1,542
1,607
1,583
1,622
1,732
1,663
1,479
1,574
1,561
1,472
1,600
16,852 16,804 16,520 16,884 17,266 16,994 17,038 17,623 17,157 17,613 17,036 17,008

'Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their
jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or
industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who




4,277 4,301
2,216
2,322
1,719
1,569
17,620 18,211

11

usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week
for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-7. Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1995

1996

Age and sex
Oct.
Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

125,244 125,062 124,981 125,226 125,663 126,151 126,095 126,462 126,610 126,884 127,055 127,368 127,627
18,640
6,437
2,570
3,862
12,203
106,651
91,263
15,316

18,608
6,409
2,560
3,845
12,199
106,440
91,306
15,204

18,542
6,387
2,544
3,852
12,155
106,443
91,360
15,119

18,422
6,338
2,513
3,786
12,084
106,754
91,531
15,153

18,552
6,448
2,574
3,864
12,105
107,065
91,740
15,326

18,701
6,411
2,645
3,754
12,290
107,363
91,915
15,416

18,758
6,480
2,661
3,816
12,278
107,300
92,088
15,231

18,809
6,630
2,647
3,960
12,179
107,599
92,261
15,356

18,506
6,437
2,667
3,820
12,069
108,207
92,781
15,459

18,528
6,524
2,644
3,886
12,004
108,436
92,935
15,497

18,256
6,248
2,544
3,669
12,008
108,892
93,233
15,524

18,834
6,679
2,723
3,967
12,156
108,504
93,078
15,421

18,885
6,677
2,760
3,916
12,208
108,824
93,262
15,519

67,416 67,177 67,162 67,501 67,764 67,856 67,933 68,278 68,283 68,400 68,442 68,319 68,669
9,775 9,763 9,766 9,789 9,721 9,755 9,798 9,909 9,725 9,726 9,530 9,717 9,857
3,270 3,276 3,283 3,254 3,339 3,263 3,379 3,460 3,322 3,306 3,156 3,341 3,376
1,307
1,334 1,353
1,330
1,257
1,282 1,301
1,349
1,336 1,281
1,311
1,397
1,211
1,970
1,937 2,033 2,084 2,037 2,022 1,909
1,992 1,966 2,026
1,991
1,987
1,998
6,505 6,487 6,483 6,535 6,383 6,493 6,420 6,449 6,403 6,420 6,374 6,376 6,480
57,696 57,404 57,378 57,697 58,023 58,065 58,121 58,290 58,561 58,706 58,964 58,610 58,877
49,101 48,980 49,010 49,247 49,503 49,419 49,580 49,668 49,859 50,033 50,162 49,973 50,112
8,530 8,463 8,423 8,419 8,510 8,634 8,581 8,685 8,734 8,680 8,706 8,620 8,744
57,828 57,885 57,819 57,725 57,899 58,294 58,161 58,184 58,326 58,484 58,613 59,049 58,958
8,865 8,845 8,776 8,633 8,831 8,946 8,960 8,900 8,781 8,802 8,726 9,117 9,028
3,167 3,133 3,104 3,084 3,109 3,148 3,102 3,170 3,116 3,219 3,092 3,338 3,301
1,314 1,327
1,243
1,263 1,278
1,364
1,294
1,256 1,264
1,333 1,373 1,363
1,331
1,817 1,783
1,860
1,854
1,876
1,820
1,892
1,864 1,760 1,969
1,838
1,928
1,783
5,698 5,712 5,672 5,549 5,722 5,798 5,858 5,730 5,666 5,584 5,634 5,779 5,727
48,955 49,036 49,065 49,056 49,042 49,297 49,180 49,309 49,646 49,731 49,928 49,894 49,947
42,162 42,326 42,350 42,284 42,237 42,496 42,508 42,593 42,922 42,902 43,071 43,105 43,150
6,696 6,734 6,816 6,782 6,650 6,670 6,725 6,818 6,817 6,800 6,775
6,786 6,741

A-8. Unemployed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1995

1996

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men,

16 years and over

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

55 years and over




Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

7,229

7,409

7,371

7,677

7,355

7,504

7,266

7,448

7,060

7,297

6,830

6,971

6,948

2,594
1,327
657
687
1,267
4,660
4,164
558

2,572
1,389
646
739
1,183
4,848
4,243
590

2,640
1,406
673
737
1,234
4,796
4,223
561

2,750
1,412
649
767
1,339
4,825
4,311
550

2,616
1,282
642
645
1,334
4,762
4,212
573

2,659
1,362
637
722
1,298
4,865
4,233
611

2,517
1,296
613
689
1,221
4,735
4,174
518

2,608
1,301
639
658
1,306
4,822
4,266
570

2,453
1,221
627
593
1,232
4,614
4,032
571

2,563
1,280
637
640
1,283
4,720
4,105
607

2,380
1,297
602
698
1,083
4,459
3,945
493

2,386
1,232
564
675
1,153
4,587
4,096
528

2,456
1,278
600
698
1,178
4,508
4,058
497

3,822

4,031

4,020

4,092

3,979

4,174

4,002

3,964

3,837

3,975

3,531

3,783

3,706

1,444
775
357
414
669
2,399
2,122
296

1,432
761
355
409
671
2,622
2,281
321

1,454
766
360
405
688
2,605
2,281
304

1,446
776
361
415
670
2,548
2,279
310

1,464
685
363
328
779
2,544
2,259
305

1,508
787
362
426
720
2,661
2,330
315

1,441
736
358
389
706
2,562
2,299
267

1,468
717
339
379
750
2,496
2,201
298

1,372
681
345
338
691
2,469
2,134
321

1,492
795
408
389
696
2,466
2,115
345

1,237
702
341
362
535
2,307
2,005
291

1,306
689
307
383
618
2,466
2,210
287

1,372
752
337
416
621
2,347
2,104
259

3,407

3,378

3,351

3,585

3,376

3,331

3,264

3,485

3,222

3,322

3,299

3,189

3,242

1,150
552
300
273
598
2,261
2,042
262

1,140
628
291
330
512
2,226
1,962
269

1,186
640
313
332
546
2,191
1,942
257

1,304
636
288
352
668
2,277
2,033
240

1,152
597
279
317
555
2,219
1,953
268

1,152
574
275
296
577
2,205
1,903
296

1,076
561
255
300
515
2,172
1,875
251

1,140
584
300
279
556
2,326
2,065
272

1,081
540
282
255
54t
2,145
1,897
250

1,071
485
229
251
586
2,254
1,989
262

1,144
595
260
336
548
2,153
1,940
202

1,079
544
256
292
535
2,121
1,886
241

1,083
526
263
281
557
2,161
1,954
237

12

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-9. Unemployment rates by age and sex, seasonally adjusted

1995

1996

Age and sex

Total, 16 years and over ...
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over




Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.8

5.5

5.6

5.4

5.6

5.3

5.4

5.1

5.2

5.2

12.2
17.1
20.4
15.1
9.4
4.2
4.4
3.5

12.1
17.8
20.1
16.1
8.8
4.4
4.4
3.7

12.5
18.0
20.9
16.1
9.2
4.3
4.4
3.6

13.0
18.2
20.5
16.9
10.0
4.3
4.5
3.5

12.4
16.6
20.0
14.3
9.9
4.3
4.4
3.6

12.4
17.5
19.4
16.1
9.5
4.3
4.4
3.8

11.8
16.7
18.7
15.3
9.0
4.2
4.3
3.3

12.2
16.4
19.4
14.2
9.7
4.3
4.4
3.6

11.7
15.9
19.0
13.4
9.3
4.1
4.2
3.6

12.2
16.4
19.4
14.1
9.7
4.2
4.2
3.8

11.5
17.2
19.1
16.0
8.3
3.9
4.1
3.1

11.2
15.6
17.2
14.5
8.7
4.1
4.2
3.3

11.5
16.1
17.8
15.1
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.1

5.4

5.7

5.6

5.7

5.5

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.5

4.9

5.2

5.1

12.9
19.2
21.5
17.4
9.3
4.0
4.1
3.4

12.8
18.9
21.7
17.0
9.4
4.4
4.4
3.7

13.0
18.9
21.7
16.9
9.6
4.3
4.4
3.5

12.9
19.2
22.3
17.4
9.3
4.2
4.4
3.5

13.1
17.0
21.7
13.9
10.9
4.2
4.4
3.5

13.4
19.4
21.4
18.0
10.0
4.4
4.5
3.5

12.8
17.9
21.2
16.1
9.9
4.2
4.4
3.0

12.9
17.2
20.0
15.4
10.4
4.1
4.2
3.3

12.4
17.0
20.5
14.2
9.7
4.0
4.1
3.5

13.3
19.4
24.2
16.1
9.8
4.0
4.1
3.8

11.5
18.2
22.0
15.9
7.7
3.8
3.8
3.2

11.9
17.1
18.6
16.1
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.2

12.2
18.2
19.4
17.3
8.7
3.8
4.0
2.9

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.7

5.2

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.2

11.5
14.8
19.2
12.6
9.5
4.4
4.6
3.7

11.4
16.7
18.5
15.1
8.2
4.3
4.4
3.8

11.9
17.1
20.1
15.1
8.8
4.3
4.4
3.7

13.1
17.1
18.7
16.2
10.8
4.4
4.6
3.4

11.5
16.1
18.1
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.4
3.8

11.4
15.4
17.3
14.0
9.1
4.3
4.3
4.2

10.7
15.3
16.1
14.4
8.1
4.2
4.2
3.6

11.4
15.6
18.8
12.9
8.8
4.5
4.6
3.9

11.0
14.8
17.5
12.5
8.7
4.1
4.2
3.6

10.9
13.1
14.4
11.8
9.5
4.3
4.4
3.7

11.6
16.2
16.3
16.0
8.9
4.1
4.3
2.9

10.6
14.0
15.7
12.9
8.5
4.1
4.2
3.4

10.7
13.8
16.2
12.7
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.4

13

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-10. Unemployment rates by occupation, industry, and selected demographic characteristics, seasonally adjusted
1995

1996

Category
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

5.6
4.9

5.6
4.8
4.7
18.0

5.8
4.9

5.5
4.9
4.8

5.6
5.0
4.8
17.5

Apr.

May

June

July

5.4
4.8
4.7

5.6
4.8
5.0

5.3
4.6
4.6

16.7

16.4

15.9

4.7
9.4

4.9
9.2

4.6
9.0
10.1

10.5

8.8

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

5.1
4.2
4.6

5.2
4.5
4.5
15.6

5.2
4.3
4.7
16.1

CHARACTERISTIC
Total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over

,

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

5.5
4.5
5.0
17.1

,

16.6

4.7
9.4

17.2

4.5
9.3

4.4
9.4

9.0

8.7
10.5
8.7

10.5
8.2

10.8
8.0

10.3

4.8
9.8
11.1

9.7

10.0

10.5
9.7

10.2
9.2

3.3
4.0
8.2

3.0
3.8
7.5

3.1
3.5
7.7

3.0
3.7
6.8

2.9
3.8
8.7

3.0
3.6
7.6

3.0
3.5
9.1

2.9
3.2
8.8

3.0
3.3
8.3

3.0
3.5
8.5

2.5
4.4
5.8
8.4
7.7

2.4
4.6
5.3
8.3
8.4

2.3
4.5
5.9
8.2
7.7

2.3
4.4
5.8
8.6
7.9

2.3
4.4
5.5
8.0
8.0

2.3
4.7
5.3
8.3
9.1

2.4
4.1
5.2
7.9
7.7

2.5
4.6
5.5
7.7
6.3

2.1
4.3
5.2
7.8
5.8

2.3
4.5
5.5
7.3
7.0

2.1
4.5
5.6
7.7
6.6

5.8
6.5
8.1
11.5
5.0
4.4
5.8
5.5
4.6
6.4
3.2
5.5
2.8

5.8
6.3
5.2

5.8
6.5
6.8
10.0
5.3
5.1
5.7
5.5
4.2
6.9
2.5
5.4
2.8

5.7
6.2
2.1

12.0

12.6

10.2
4.8
4.8
4.8
5.5
4.2
6.6
2.3
5.6
2.9
10.9

10.0
5.1
4.8
5.5
5.6
4.2
6.6
2.5
5.7
3.3

12.2

5.7
6.4
6.5
11.2
4.9
5.3
4.4
5.4
3.8
6.3
2.2
5.7
3.0
10.7

5.7
6.1
4.4

11.7
4.8
4.3
5.6
5.5
4.3
6.3
3.3
5.5
2.9

5.8
6.7
7.0
12.0
5.0
4.5
5.8
5.4
4.2
6.3
3.0
5.5
2.9

5.5
6.1
4.7
9.5
5.1
4.6
5.7
5.2
4.5
6.4
2.6
5.1
2.7
9.2

5.5
5.9
2.8
10.1
4.6
4.2
5.3
5.4
4.3
6.3
2.8
5.5
3.2
8.6

5.3
5.6
4.4
8.8
4.7
3.8
6.0
5.2
4.2
6.3
2.4
5.2
2.7
7.4

5.3
5.4
5.1
9.1
4.3
4.0
4.6
5.2
4.0
6.0
3.2
5.3
3.0
11.0

5.3
5.8
6.1
9.6
4.7
4.4
5.1
5.1
4.5
6.2
2.8
4.9
2.9
9.8

9.3

10.2
9.3

5.0
9.5
10.6
9.2

3.2
3.9
7.9

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.2
3.8
6.8

2.4
4.5
6.1
8.1
8.3

2.5
4.2
6.5
8.3
7.8

5.7
6.5
8.7

9.4
10.0

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

5.1
18.2

5.0
9.0
9.6
9.3

4.8

White
Black and other
Black
Hispanic origin

4.8
17.8

5.4
4.7
4.9
16.4

4.9
9.3

4.9
9.1

OCCUPATION1
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

Services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Seasonally adjusted data for service occupations are not available
because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle




14

10.7
5.0
4.4
5.7
5.6
3.7
6.8
2.9
5.7
2.8
10.5

10.7

10.0

and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1996

1995
Reason
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

3,457
1,018
2,439
762
2,506
559

3,485
1,049
2,436
857
2,504
585

3,484
1,012
2,472
881
2,466
603

3,606
1,132
2,474
869
2,458
641

3,595
1,032
2,564
747
2,517
613

3,564
1,027
2,537
782
2,588
591

3,625
1,116
2,509
702
2,379
550

3,388 3,431 3,343 3,054
1,154
889
990
953
2,234 2,441 2,391 2,165
661
773
676
749
2,784 2,419 2,529 2,448
532 528 623
548

June

July

Sept.

Aug.

Oct.

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants . . .
New entrants

3,225 3,098
1,059
938
2,167 2,160
807
809
2,404 2,483
545
575

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
47.5 46.9 46.9 47.6 48.1 47.4 50.0 46.0 48.6 46.1 44.8
14.0 14.1 13.6 14.9 13.8 13.6 15.4 15.7 14.0 13.1 13.0
33.5 32.8 33.3 32.7 34.3 33.7 34.6 30.3 34.6 33.0 31.7
9 6 103 11 3
90
9.7
105 11.5 11.9 11.5 10.0 104
34.4 33.7 33.2 32.5 33.7 34.4 32.8 37.8 34.3 34 9 35 9
7.7
7.5
7.2
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.5
8.1
7.9
8.6
8.0

Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
. .
Reentrants
New entrants

100.0
46.2
15.2
31.0
11 6
34 4
7.8

100.0
44.5
13.5
31.0
11 6
35 6
8.3

2.4
6
1.8
4

2.3
6
1.8
4

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
2.6
.6
1.9
.4

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2.6
.6
1.9
4

2.6
.7
1.9
.5

2.7
.7
1.8
5

2.7
.6
1.9
5

2.7
.6
1.9
4

2.7
.5
1.8
4

2.6
5
1.8
4

2.5
.5
2.1
4

2.5
6
1.9
5

2.3
6
1.8
4

A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1995

1996

Duration
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

2,744
2,348
2,281
1,010
1,271

2,767
2,383
2,305
1,057
1,248

2,717
2,431
2,322
1,085
1,237

2,784
2,413
2,370
1,118
1,252

2,793
2,280
2,307
1,126
1,181

2,623
2,298
2,479
1,164
1,316

2,412
2,337
2,388
1,106
1,282

2,815
2,334
2,336
1,020
1,317

2,485
2,160
2,435
1,116
1,319

2,701
2,322
2,319
958
1,361

2,486
2,129
2,248
978
1,270

2,446
2,245
2,279
1,054
1,225

2,487
2,269
2,306
1,076
1,230

16.2
8.1

16.3
8.0

16.2
8.1

16.0
8.3

16.6
8.0

17.3
8.3

17.4
8.8

16.8
8.3

17.6
8.1

16.8
8.6

17.4
8.5

17.0
8.9

16.7
8.3

100.0
37.2
31.8
30.9
13.7
17.2

100.0
37.1
32.0
30.9
14.2
16.7

100.0
36.4
32.5
31.1
14.5
16.6

100.0
36.8
31.9
31.3
14.8
16.5

100.0
37.8
30.9
31.3
15.3
16.0

100.0
35.4
31.1
33.5
15.7
17.8

100.0
33.8
32.7
33.5
15.5
18.0

100.0
37.6
31.2
31.2
13.6
17.6

100.0
35.1
30.5
34.4
15.8
18.6

100.0
36.8
31.6
31.6
13.1
18.5

100.0
36.2
31.0
32.8
14.3
18.5

100.0
35.1
32.2
32.7
15.1
17.6

100.0
35.2
32.1
32.6
15.2
17.4

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over




15

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

201,273
15,143
7,781
7,362
17,298
115,938
40,099
19,005
21,095
43,285
22,381
20,904
32,554
18,476
14,078
21,029
11,234
9,795
31,865
9,670
8,569
13,625

135,015
7,618
3,193
4,425
13,291
97,890
33,990
16,086
17,904
37,120
19,103
18,017
26,780
15,658
11,122
12,306
7,866
4,441
3,909
2,212
1,049
647

67.1
50.3
41.0
60.1
76.8
84.4
84.8
84.6
84.9
85.8
85.4
86.2
82.3
84.7
79.0
58.5
70.0
45.3
12.3
22.9
12.2
4.8

96,556
7,716
4,011
3,705
8,566
56,855
19,672
9,314
10,358
21,330
11,030
10,300
15,853
9,028
6,825
10,033
5,413
4,620
13,386
4,449
3,749
5,188

72,436
3,941
1,642
2,300
7,040
52,376
18,410
8,656
9,755
19,829
10,264
9,565
14,137
8,190
5,947
6,752
4,273
2,479
2,327
1,289
617
421

104,717
7,426
3,770
3,656
8,732
59,084
20,428
9,691
10,737
21,955
11,351
10,604
16,701
9,448
7,253
10,996
5,821
5,175
18,478
5,222
4,820
8,436

62,579
3,677
1,551
2,126
6,251
45,514
15,580
7,431
8,150
17,291
8,840
8,452
12,643
7,468
5,175
5,554
3,593
1,961
1,583
924
432
226

Employed
Percent
of
population

Unemployed
Not

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

128,439
6,406
2,671
3,735
12,201
94,094
32,412
15,243
17,169
35,699
18,311
17,388
25,983
15,197
10,786
11,974
7,681
4,293
3,765
2,101
1,024
640

63.8
42.3
34.3
50.7
70.5
81.2
80.8
80.2
81.4
82.5
81.8
83.2
79.8
82.3
76.6
56.9
68.4
43.8
11.8
21.7
12.0
4.7

3,515
214
101
114
291
2,152
786
332
454
801
403
398
565
291
274
446
247
199
411
195
137
78

124,924
6,192
2,571
3,621
11,909
91,942
31,625
14,911
16,715
34,898
17,908
16,990
25,418
14,906
10,513
11,527
7,434
4,093
3,354
1,906
887
561

6,577
1,212
522
691
1,090
3,797
1,579
844
735
1,421
792
629
796
461
336
333
185
148
145
112
25
8

4.9
15.9
16.3
15.6
8.2
3.9
4.6
5.2
4.1
3.8
4.1
3.5
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.3
3.3
3.7
5.1
2.4
1.2

66,258
7,525
4,588
2,936
4,007
18,048
6,109
2,918
3,190
6,165
3,277
2,887
5,775
2,819
2,956
8,723
3,368
5,355
27,955
7,458
7,520
12,977

75.0
51.1
40.9
62.1
82.2
92.1
93.6
92.9
94.2
93.0
93.1
92.9
89.2
90.7
87.1
67.3
78.9
53.7
17.4
29.0
16.5
8.1

3,246
1,352
1,893
6,497
50,530
17,666
8,252
9,414
19,160
9,877
9,283
13,704
7,935
5,769
6,578
4,167
2,412
2,248
1,229
607
412

71.6
42.1
33.7
51.1
75.8
88.9
89.8
88.6
90.9
89.8
89.5
90.1
86.4
87.9
84.5
65.6
77.0
52.2
16.8
27.6
16.2
7.9

2,652
174
83
92
244
1,605
606
264
342
593
293
300
406
216
190
304
164
140
324
149
110
65

66,448
3,071
1,270
1,802
6,253
48,925
17,060
7,988
9,072
18,566
9,584
8,983
13,298
7,718
5,580
6,275
4,003
2,272
1,924
1,080
497
348

3,337
696
290
406
543
1,846
744
403
341
669
387
282
433
255
178
174
106
68
79
60
10
9

4.6
17.7
17.6
17.7
7.7
3.5
4.0
4.7
3.5
3.4
3.8
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.7
3.4
4.7
1.6
2.1

24,120
3,775
2,370
1,406
1,526
4,479
1,261
658
604
1,501
766
735
1,716
838
878
3,281
1,140
2,141
11,060
3,160
3,132
4,767

59.8
49.5
41.1
58.1
71.6
77.0
76.3
76.7
75.9
78.8
77.9
79.7
75.7
79.0
71.3
50.5
61.7
37.9
8.6
17.7
9.0
2.7

59,340
3,160
1,319
1,841
5,704
43,564
14,745
6,990
7,755
16,539
8,434
8,105
12,279
7,262
5,017
5,395
3,514
1,881
1,516
872
417
227

56.7
42.6
35.0
50.4
65.3
73.7
72.2
72.1
72.2
75.3
74.3
76.4
73.5
76.9
69.2
49.1
60.4
36.3
8.2
16.7
8.7
2.7

863
40
18
22
47
547
181
68
113
208
110
97
159
75
84
143
83
60
87
46
27
14

58,477
3,120
1,301
1,819
5,657
43,017
14,565
6,922
7,643
16,332
8,324
8,008
12,120
7,188
4,933
5,253
3,431
1,821
1,430
826
390
213

3,240
516
232
284
547
1,951
835
440
394
752
405
347
364
205
158
159
79
80
66
52
15

5.2
14.0
15.0
13.4
8.8
4.3
5.4
5.9
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.1
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.9
2.2
4.1
4.2
5.6
3.5

42,138
3,750
2,219
1,531
2,481
13,569
4,847
2,260
2,587
4,663
2,511
2,152
4,059
1,981
2,078
5,442
2,228
3,214
16,895
4,298
4,388
8,210

Total

labor
force

TOTAL
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




16

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Total

168,788
11,951
6,118
5,833
13,843
96,346
32,686
15,436
17,249
35,960
18,528
17,432
27,701
15,629
12,072
18,201
9,697
8,504
28,447
8,477
7,622
12,348

113,830
6,409
2,692
3,717
10,970
82,098
27,925
13,202
14,723
31,077
15,934
15,142
23,096
13,405
9,691
10,790
6,864
3,926
3,563
2,006
956
601

67.4
53.6
44.0
63.7
79.2
85.2
85.4
85.5
85.4
86.4
86.0
86.9
83.4
85.8
80.3
59.3
70.8
46.2
12.5
23.7
12.5
4.9

109,162
5.576
2.322
3,254
10,267
79,369
26,849
12,646
14,202
30,042
15,347
14,695
22,477
13,049
9,428
10,518
6,709
3,808
3,433
1,909
930
594

81,741
6,100
3,146
2,953
6,944
47,923
16,311
7,691
8,620
17,945
9,260
8,685
13,667
7,744
5,923
8,768
4,706
4,062
12,007
3,909
3,354
4,744

62,020
3,333
1,376
1,957
5,891
44,666
15,420
7,239
8,181
16,893
8,734
8,159
12.353
7,112
5,241
6,003
3.774
2,229
2,127
1,163
569
396

75.9
54.6
43.7
66.3
84.8
93.2
94.5
94.1
94.9
94.1
94.3
93.9
90.4
91.8
88.5
68.5
80.2
54.9
17.7
29.7
17.0
8.3

87,047
5,851
2,972
2,879
6,899
48,423
16,375
7,745
8,629
18,015
9,269
8,747
14,034
7,885
6,149
9,433
4,991
4,442
16,440
4,568
4,268
7,604

51,810
3,076
1,316
1,760
5,079
37,432
12,505
5,962
6,543
14,184
7,200
6,984
10,743
6,293
4.450
4.788
3.090
1,697
1,436
843
387
205

59.5
52.6
44.3
61.1
73.6
77.3
76.4
77.0
75.8
78.7
77.7
79.8
76.6
79.8
72.4
50.8
61.9
38.2
8.7
18.5
9.1
2.7

Unemployed

Employed
Percent
of
population

Not
in
labor
force

Agriculture

Nonagricultural
industries

Number

Percent
of
labor
force

64.7
46.7
37.9
55.8
74.2
82.4
82.1
81.9
82.3
83.5
82.8
84.3
81.1
83.5
78.1
57.8
69.2
44.8
12.1
22.5
12.2
4.8

3,345
208
99
109
282
2,029
751
308
443
749
383
366
529
273
255
428
235
193
398
189
133
76

105,816
5,368
2,223
3.146
9,985
77,340
26,097
12,338
13,759
29,293
14.964
14.329
21,949
12,776
9.173
10,089
6,474
3.615
3.034
1,720
797
517

4,668
833
370
463
703
2,729
1,076
555
521
1,034
587
447
619
356
263
273
154
118
130
97
26
8

4.1
13.0
13.8
12.4
6.4
3.3
3.9
4.2
3.5
3.3
3.7
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.5
2.2
3.0
3.7
4.8
2.7
1.3

54.958
5,542
3,426
2,116
2,873
14,248
4,761
2,235
2.526
4,883
2,594
2,289
4,604
2,223
2,381
7,411
2,833
4,578
24,884
6,471
6,666
11,747

59,574
2,835
1,165
1.670
5,542
43,288
14.879
6,952
7,926
16,394
8.434
7,960
12,015
6,918
5,098
5,849
3,681
2,168
2,060
1,115
558
387

72.9
46.5
37.0
56.5
79.8
90.3
91.2
90.4
92.0
91.4
91.1
91.7
87.9
89.3
86.1
66.7
78.2
53.4
17.2
28.5
16.6
8.2

2,517
173
81
91
237
1.506
575
243
332
554
278
276
376
201
175
289
155
134
313
143
107
63

57,057
2,663
1,084
1,579
5,305
41,782
14,303
6,710
7,594
15,840
8,156
7,684
11,639
6,716
4,923
5,560
3,526
2,034
1,747
972
451
324

2,447
498
211
287
349
1,378
541
287
254
499
300
198
338
195
144
154
93
61
67
48
11
9

3.9
14.9
15.3
14.7
5.9
3.1
3.5
4.0
3.1
3.0
3.4
2.4
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.7
3.2
4.1
1.9
2.2

19,721
2,766
1,770
996
1,053
3,257
891
452
439
1,052
525
527
1,314
632
682
2,765
932
1,833
9,880
2,747
2,785
4,348

49,588
2,741
1,157
1,584
4,725
36,081
11,970
5,694
6,276
13.648
6,913
6,735
10,462
6,131
4,331
4,669
3,029
1,640
1,373
794
372
206

57.0
46.8
38.9
55.0
68.5
74.5
73.1
73.5
72.7
75.8
74.6
77.0
74.6
77.8
70.4
49.5
60.7
36.9
8.4
17.4
8.7
2.7

829
35
18
17
45
523
176
66
110
195
105
90
153
72
81
139
80

48.759
2,706
1,139
1,567
4,680
35,557
11,794
5,628
6,166
13.454
6,808
6,645
10,310
6,060
4,250
4,529
2,948
1,581
1,287
748
346
193

2,222
335
160
176
353
1,351
535
268
266
535
287
249
281
162
119
119
61
58
63
49
15

4.3
10.9
12.1
10.0
7.0
3.6
4.3
4.5
4.1
3.8
4.0
3.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.0
3.4
4.4
5.8
3.9

35.237
2,775
1,656
1,119
1,820
10,992
3,870
1,783
2,087
3,831
2,068
1,763
3,291
1,592
1,699
4,646
1,901
2,745
15,004
3,725
3,880
7,399

Total

Percent
of
population

WHITE
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over
Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over




17

46
26
14

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-13. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age, sex, and race—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Civilian labor force
Age, sex, and race

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed

Employed
Total

Percent
of
population

Not
Total

Percent
of
population

Agriculture

Percent
of
labor
force

Nonagricultural
industries

labor
force

BLACK
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

23,728
2,400
1,246
1,155
2,483
14,105
5,310
2,558
2,752
5,336
2,819
2,518
3,458
2,051
1,407
2,119
1,147
973
2,620
894
710
1,016

15,370
904
352
552
1,712
11,394
4,391
2,084
2,307
4,402
2,339
2,063
2,600
1,628
973
1,112
749
364
249
142
72
35

64.8
37.6
28.2
47.8
68.9
80.8
82.7
81.5
83.8
82.5
83.0
82.0
75.2
79.3
69.1
52.5
65.3
37.4
9.5
15.9
10.1
3.4

13,796
597
235
363
1,369
10,523
3,975
1,849
2,126
4,075
2,157
1,917
2,473
1,544
929
1,070
728
342
237
131
72
34

58.1
24.9
18.8
31.4
55.1
74.6
74.9
72.3
77.2
76.4
76.5
76.2
71.5
75.3
66.0
50.5
63.5
35.2
9.1
14.6
10.1
3.4

108
3
1
2
7
83
23
14
9
36
15
21
23
11
12
6
3
3
9
6
3

13,689
594
234
361
1,362
10,440
3,952
1,835
2,117
4,039
2,142
1,896
2,449
1,532
917
1,064
725
339
228
124
69
34

1,574
306
117
189
343
871
416
234
182
327
161
146
128
84
44
42
21
21
12
11

10.2
33.9
33.3
34.3
20.0
7.6
9.5
11.3
7.9
7.4
7.7
7.1
4.9
5.1
4.5
3.8
2.8
5.9
4.6
8.0

8,358
1,497
894
603
771
2,711
919
474
445
934
480
454
858
424
434
1,007
398
609
2,372
752
638
982

10,635
1,189
631
558
1,124
6,373
2,375
1,133
1,241
2,441
1,291
1,150
1,557
931
626
918
501
417
1,030
408
281
341

7,338
450
184
266
814
5,434
2,116
993
1,123
2,089
1,106
983
1,229
764
465
504
344
160
136
84
36
16

69.0
37.8
29.1
47.7
72.4
85.3
89.1
87.7
90.4
85.6
85.7
85.5
78.9
82.0
74.2
54.9
68.7
38.4
13.2
20.5
12.6
4.8

6,586
292
120
172
639
5,038
1,946
895
1,051
1,934
1,025
909
1,158
712
446
489
332
158
127
75
36
16

61.9
24.5
19.0
30.8
56.9
79.1
82.0
79.0
84.7
79.2
79.4
79.1
74.4
76.5
71.1
53.3
66.3
37.8
12.4
18.5
12.6
4.8

90
1
1

6,496
291
119
172
634
4,970
1,927
883
1,044
1,903
1,012
891
1,139
703
436
483
329
155
118
69
33
16

752
158
64
94
175
396
170
98
72
155
82
74
71
51
19
15
12
2
8
8

10.2
35.1
34.7
35.3
21.5
7.3
8.0
9.9
6.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
5.8
6.7
4.2
2.9
3.6
1.6
6.0
9.7

3,297
740
448
292
310
938
258
140
119
352
185
167
328
167
161
414
157
257
895
324
246
325

13,093
1,211
615
596
1,359
7,732
2,935
1,424
1,511
2,895
1,528
1,368
1,901
1,121
781
1,201
646
556
1,590
486
429
675

8,032
454
168
286
898
5,959
2,275
1,090
1,185
2,313
1,232
1,081
1,372
864
508
608
404
204
113
58
37
18

61.3
37.5
27.4
47.9
66.1
77.1
77.5
76.5
78.4
79.9
80.7
79.0
72.2
77.1
65.1
50.6
62.6
36.6
7.1
12.0
8.5
2.7

7,210
305
115
191
730
5,485
2,029
954
1,075
2,141
1,133
1,008
1,315
832
483
581
396
185
110
55
36
18

55.1
25.2
18.7
32.0
53.7
70.9
69.1
67.0
71.1
73.9
74.1
73.7
69.2
74.2
61.9
48.3
61.3
33.3
6.9
11.4
8.5
2.7

18
2

7,192
303
115
189
728
5,470
2,024
952
1,073
2,135
1,130
1,005
1,311
829
481
581
396
185
110
55
36
18

822
149
53
95
168
475
246
136
110
172
99
72
57
32
25
27
8
19
3
3

10.2
32.7
31.8
33.3
18.7
8.0
10.8
12.5
9.3
7.4
8.1
6.7
4.2
3.8
4.8
4.5
2.1
9.2
3.0

5,061
757
446
311
461
1,773
660
334
326
583
295
287
530
257
273
593
241
352
1,477
427
393
657

Men
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

5
68
19
12
7
31
12
18
19
9
31
6
3
3
9

Women
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
25 to 34 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 years and over

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




18

2
2
14
4
2
2
6
3
3
4
2
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-14. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Men, 20 years and
over

Total
Employment status and
race

Women, 20 years and
over

Both sexes, 16 to 19
years

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

199,192
132,863
66.7
125,979
3,479
122,500
6,884
5.2
66,329

201,273
135,015
67.1
128,439
3,515
124,924
6,577
4.9
66,258

88,027
67,473
76.7
64,711
2,398
62,313
2,762
4.1
20,554

88,840
68,495
77.1
65,854
2,478
63,376
2,641
3.9
20,345

96,487
57,978
60.1
55,113
847
54,266
2,864
4.9
38,509

97,290
58,902
60.5
56,179
823
55,356
2,723
4.6
38,388

14,678
7,412
50.5
6,154
233
5,920
1,258
17.0
7,266

15,143
7,618
50.3
6,406
214
6,192
1,212
15.9
7,525

167,327
112,322
67.1
107,294
3,258
104,036
5,027
4.5
55,005

168,788
113,830
67.4
109,162
3,345
105,816
4,668
4.1
54,958

75,061
57,852
77.1
55,783
2,210
53,573
2,069
3.6
17,209

75,642
58,687
77.6
56,738
2,344
54,394
1,949
3.3
16,955

80,717
48,254
59.8
46,192
827
45,366
2,061
4.3
32,463

81,195
48,734
60.0
46,847
794
46,054
1,886
3.9
32,462

11,549
6,216
53.8
5,319
222
5,097
897
14.4
5,333

11,951
6,409
53.6
5,576
208
5,368
833
13.0
5,542

23,357
14,943
64.0
13,520
98
13,422
1,423
9.5
8,414

23,728
15,370
64.8
13,796
108
13,689
1,574
10.2
8,358

9,316
6,746
72.4
6,244
86
6,158
502
7.4
2,570

9,445
6,888
72.9
6,294
89
6,205
594
8.6
2,557

11,731
7,333
62.5
6,699
6
6,693
634
8.6
4,399

11,882
7,578
63.8
6,905
16
6,889
673
8.9
4,304

2,310
864
37.4
578
6
572
286
33.1
1,446

2,400
904
37.6
597
3
594
306
33.9
1,497

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagriculturai industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force




19

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Unemployed

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL ENROLLED
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

17,423
11,772
5,651

8,697
5,194
3,503

49.9
44.1
62.0

7,842
4,517
3,325

1.539
454
1,085

6,303
4,063
2,240

855
677
178

190
99
91

665
578
87

9.8
13.0
5.1

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

8.375
9.048
7,637
1,411

3,450
5,247
4,006
1.241

41.2
58.0
52.5
88.0

2,913
4,929
3,738
1,190

174
1,365
640
725

2,739
3,563
3,098
465

537
318
267
51

89
101
63
38

448
217
205
12

15.6
6.1
6.7
4.1

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,760
5,992
2,767

4,222
2,552
1,670

48.2
42.6
60.3

3,771
2,174
1,597

780
221
559

2,991
1,953
1,038

452
378
73

93
65
28

359
313
45

10.7
14.8
4.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

4,463
4,297
3,682
615

1,820
2,403
1,858
545

40.8
55.9
50.4
88.7

1.512
2,259
1,738
521

88
692
359
333

1,424
1,567
1,380
188

308
144
119
24

52
41
17
24

256
103
102

16.9
6.0
6.4
4.5

Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

8,663
5,779
2.883

4,474
2,642
1,833

51.7
45.7
63.6

4,071
2,343
1,728

759
233
526

3,312
2,110
1,202

404
299
105

97
34
63

306
264
42

9.0
11.3
5.7

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

3,912
4,751
3,955
796

1,631
2,844
2,148
696

41.7
59.9
54.3
87.4

1,401
2,670
2,000
669

85
673
282
392

1,316
1,996
1,719
278

229
174
148
26

37
60
46
14

192
114
102
12

14.1
6.1
6.9
3.8

13,838
9,324
4,514

7,428
4,448
2,980

53.7
47.7
66.0

6,827
3,970
2,857

1,304
375
928

5,524
3,595
1,929

601
478
123

122
71
51

479
407
72

8.1
10.8
4.1

Men
Women

6.951
6,887

3,627
3,801

52.2
55.2

3,309
3,519

670
634

2,639
2,885

319
282

60
62

259
220

8.8
7.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

6,542
7,296
6,165
1,131

2,931
4,497
3,483
1,014

44.8
61.6
56.5
89.7

2,557
4,270
3,288
982

144
1,160
557
603

2,413
3,110
2,731
379

374
227
195
32

65
57
33
24

309
170
161
8

12.8
5.0
5.6
3.2

2,467
1.777
691

840
517
323

34.1
29.1
46.8

656
375
282

168
62
105

489
313
176

184
143
42

59
23
35

125
119
6

21.9
27.5
12.9

Men
Women

1,213
1,254

389
452

32.0
36.0

292
364

78
90

214
274

96
88

30
28

66
60

24.8
19.4

High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students

1,412
1,056
880
176

379
461
313
147

26.9
43.7
35.6
84.0

255
401
268
132

27
140
66
75

228
261
203
58

124
60
45
15

22
37
22
15

102
23
23

32.7
13.0
14.3
10.2

1,838
1,325
513

782
452
330

42.5
34.1
64.4

668
360
309

177
76
101

491
283
208

114
92
22

42
29
14

71
63
8

14.5
20.4
6.5

909
929

374
407

41.2
43.9

332
336

89
88

243
248

43
71

21
21

21
50

11.4
17.4

1,118
721
523
198

327
455
285
170

29.2
63.1
54.5
86.0

249
419
260
159

49
129
40
88

200
290
220
71

78
36
25
11

25
17
7
11

53
19
18
1

23.8
7.9
8.6
6.7

White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Hispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Men
Women
High school
College
Full-time students
Part-time students
See footnotes at end of table.




20

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-15. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age by school enrollment, educational
attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Civilian labor force
Enrollment status, educational
attainment, race, and Hispanic origin

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Employed
Total

Percent of
population

Total

Full
time

Unemployed

Part
time

Total

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

Percent
of
labor
force

TOTAL NOT ENROLLED
15,018
3,371
11,647

12,213
2,424
9,788

81.3
71.9
84.0

10,765
1,889
8,876

8,945
1,346
7,599

1,820
542
1,277

1,448
535
912

1,335
476
858

113
59
54

11.9
22.1
9.3

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

3,642
6,560
3,340
1,477

2,275
5,509
3,014
1,414

62.5
84.0
90.2
95.8

1,732
4,833
2,834
1,366

1.361
3,945
2,405
1,234

371
888
429
132

544
676
180
48

497
632
162
43

46
43
18
5

23.9
12.3
6.0
3.4

Men, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

7,522
1,724
5,798

6,759
1,389
5,370

80.6
92.6

5,972
1,072
4,900

5,319
860
4,459

652
211
441

787
318
470

748
290
457

39
27
12

11.6
22.9
8.7

1,892
3,371
1,613
645

1,511
3,091
1,528
629

79.8
91.7
94.7
97.5

1,187
2,728
1,453
604

1,016
2,422
1,315
566

171
306
138
38

323
364
74
26

305
351
66
25

19
13
8

21.4
11.8
4.9
4.1

7,496
1,647
5,849

5,454
1,035
4,418

72.8
62.8
75.5

4,793
817
3,976

3,626
486
3,139

1,168
331
837

660
218
443

587
186
401

73
32
42

12.1
21.0
10.0

1,749
3,189
1,727
831

765
2,417
1,487
785

43.7
75.8
86.1
94.4

545
2,106
1,381
762

344
1,523
1,090

200
583
291
94

220
312
106
23

193
281
95
18

27
30
11
5

28.8
12.9
7.1
2.9

11,955
2,627
9,329

9,951
1,961
7,990

83.2
74.7
85.6

9,016
1,606
7,409

7,511
1,165
6,346

1,505
441
1,063

935
355
580

862
311
551

73
43
29

9.4
18.1
7.3

Men
Women

6,092
5,863

5,597
4,354

91.9
74.3

5,068
3,947

4,517
2,994

551
953

528
407

499
363

29
43

9.4
9.3

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

2,836
5,101
2,747
1,271

1,859
4,374
2,494
1,224

65.5
85.7
90.8
96.3

1,501
3,942
2,389
1,183

1,199
3,235
2,023
1,054

302
707
367
129

358
432
104
41

324
407
94
38

34
25
11
3

19.2
9.9
4.2
3.3

2,416
624
1,792

1,775
386
1,389

73.5
62.0
77.5

1,310
223
1,087

1,048
140
908

262
83
179

465
164
301

433
152
281

32
12
20

26.2
42.4
21.7

Men
Women

1,101
1,315

875
900

79.5

671

561
487

78
184

236
229

230
203

7
25

27.0
25.4

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates

669
1,228
429
90

332
970
389
84

49.6
79.0
90.7
93.0

164
749
316
81

113
589
267
79

52
160
50
1

168
221
73
3

158
207
65
3

10
14

50.5
22.8
18.8
3.8

2,640
646
1,994

1,929
411
1,518

73.1
63.7
76.1

1,657
328
1,330

1,395
224
1,171

263
104
158

272
83
189

252
73
179

20
10
10

14.1
20.3
12.4

1,406
1,234

1,254
676

89.2
54.8

1,089
568

957
438

132
131

164
108

157
95

12

13.1
15.9

1,308
963
303

830
776
258

63.4
80.6
85.0

682
675
237

571
563
204
57

111
112
33
6

148
101
21
3

142
94
16

Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
Women, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
White
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Black
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

nispanic origin
Total, 16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Women
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college
Less than a bachelor's degree
College graduates
1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: In the summer months, the educational attainment levels of youth not
enrolled in school are increased by the temporary movement of high school and
college students into that group. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin




6
7
5
3

17.8
13.0
8.1

0)

groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.

21

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-16. Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race
(In thousands)
October 1996
Employed1
Part-time workers

At work

At work2

Age, sex, and race

Total

Unemployed

Full-time workers

35
hours
or
more

1 to 34
hours for
economic
or
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Total

Part time for
economic
reasons

Part time
for
noneconomic
reasons

Not
at
work

Looking
for
full-time
work

Looking
for
part-time
work

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

105,035
1.800
206
1.595
103.235
8.684
94,551
82,910
11,642

93,072
1,508
167
1,341
91,564
7,632
83,932
74,061
9,871

8,827
253
37
216
8.574
861
7,712
6.512
1.200

3,136
39
2
37
3,097
190
2,907
2,336
571

23,404
4,606
2,466
2,140
18,798
3,517
15,281
11,184
4,097

2,857
230
32
198
2,626
584
2,043
1,790
253

19,336
4,225
2,347
1,878
15,111
2,802
12,309
8,764
3,545

1.211
150
86
64
1,061
132
929
630
299

5,179
576
112
464
4,603
949
3,654
3,333
321

1,398
637
410
227
761
141
620
464
156

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

61.502
1,081
60,421
5,018
55,402
48.292
7,111

55,360
913
54,447
4,479
49,967
43,802
6,165

4,443
145
4,298
451
3,847
3,218
629

1,699
23
1,676
88
1,588
1,272
316

7,597
2,164
5,433
1,479
3,954
2,238
1,716

1,153
105
1,048
258
790
664
126

6.079
1.991
4,088
1,176
2,913
1,447
1,466

365
68
296
45
251
127
124

2,790
355
2,435
486
1,949
1,750
199

547
341
207
57
149
96
54

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

43,533
719
42,814
3,665
39,149
34,618
4,531

37,713
595
37,117
3,153
33,965
30,259
3,705

4,384
108
4,276
410
3,866
3,295
571

1,437
16
1,421
102
1,319
1,064
255

15,806
2,441
13,365
2,038
11,326
8,946
2,381

1,704
126
1,578
325
1,253
1,126
127

13,257
2,234
11,022
1,626
9,396
7,317
2,079

846
82
764
87
678
503
175

2,389
221
2,168
463
1,705
1.582
123

851
296
555
84
471
368
103

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

53,087
935
52,152
4,252
47,900
41,548
6,352

47,871
795
47,076
3,826
43,250
37,752
5,498

3,804
120
3,684
357
3,327
2,751
576

1,412
21
1,392
69
1,323
1,045
278

6,486
1,900
4,586
1,290
3,296
1,740
1,557

934
79
855
216
639
526
113

5,250
1,765
3,486
1,038
2,447
1,110
1,338

302
56
246
35
210
104
106

2,044
252
1,792
308
1,485
1,312
173

403
246
156
42
115
67
48

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

35,630
605
35,025
3,022
32,003
28,115
3,888

30,728
496
30,232
2,603
27,629
24,450
3,179

3.674
100
3,574
340
3,234
2,750
484

1,228
9
1,220
80
1,140
915
225

13,958
2,136
11,822
1,703
10,119
7,965
2.154

1.304
88
1,216
237
979
876
103

11,892
1,980
9,911
1,399
8,513
6,635
1,877

762
67
695
67
627
454
173

1,549
131
1,417
294
1,124
1,033
90

673
204
469
60
409
318
92

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,821
111
5,710
528
5,182
4,670
512

5,124
87
5,037
440
4,597
4,145
452

485
22
463
70
392
357
36

212
2
209
17
192
168
24

765
181
585
111
473
368
105

169
22
146
34
112
107
5

546
151
395
69
325
237
88

51
7
43
8
35
24
12

651
93
559
167
391
375
17

100
65
35
7
28
21
6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

5,907
90
5.816
486
5.330
4.821
509

5,225
86
5.139
406
4.733
4,317
416

535

146
5
141
23
118
94
25

1,304
215
1,088
244
845
664
181

315
34
282
75
207
186
21

922
167
754
149
605
446
159

67
14
52
19
33
32
1

700
83
617
149
468
443
25

122
66
56
19
37
32
6

White

Black

536
57
479
410
69

1
Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual
weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the
reference week. Persons absent from work are also classified according to their usual




status.
2
Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for
working part time.

22

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-17. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age
(In thousands)
Total
Occupation

16 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

16 years
and over

20 years
and over

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

125,979 128,439 67,850

69,099

64,711

65,854

58,129

59,340

55,113

56,179

Oct.
1995
Total

Women

Men

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

36,031
17,458
682
12,533
4,243
18,573
2,025
1,187
553
1,088
2,806
790
4,642
954
4,528

37,212
17,972
683
13,042
4,246
19,240
1,961
1,386
514
975
2,843
884
5,035
1,004
4,638

18,703
9,974
357
7,735
1,882
8,729
1,857
814
403
823
396
407
1,146
705
2,178

19,073
9,981
351
7,812
1,818
9,092
1,787
967
330
726
428
493
1,298
723
2,340

18,556
9,914
357
7,687
1,870
8,642
1,856
802
403
823
396
405
1,132
705
2,121

18,961
9,945
352
7,779
1,814
9,016
1,786
963
329
726
427
489
1,289
723
2,283

17,328
7,484
325
4,798
2,361
9,843
168
373
150
265
2,410
383
3,495
249
2,350

18,139
7,990
332
5,231
2,427
10,148
175
420
183
249
2,416
391
3,737
281
2,298

17,173
7,440
324
4,756
2,359
9,733
168
372
150
265
2,407
379
3,440
247
2,306

17,992
7,939
332
5,188
2,419
10,053
175
416
183
249
2,411
386
3,682
281
2,270

37,327
3,918
1,660
I 1,162
1,096
15,106
4,476
2,427
1,525
6,571
107
18,304
689
467
4,017
2,184
1,005
9,942

38,004
4,085
1,676
1,226
1,184
15,436
4,511
2,593
1,640
6,625
67
18,482
668
411
3,879
2,283
965
10,277

13,105
1,881
320
889
672
7,563
2,691
1,396
1,152
2,294
30
3,661
241
180
93
177
562
2,409

13,574
1,892
297
935
660
7,812
2,803
1,466
1,200
2,329
15
3,869
279
178
70
206
580
2,556

12,418
1,855
315
875
665
7,079
2,659
1.375
1,142
1,882
21
3,484
241
173
91
174
549
2,257

12,861
1,856
294
914
647
7,352
2,773
1,459
1,189
1,916
15
3,653
280
176
68
204
558
2,367

24,222
2,036
1,339
274
423
7,543
1,785
1,031
373
4,277
77
14,643
448
287
3,924
2,007
444
7,534

24,430
2,193
1,379
290
523
7,624
1,709
1,128
440
4,296
52
14,613
388
233
3,808
2,077
384
7,722

22,714
2,022
1,329
270
423
6,531
1,769
1,003
362
3,324
73
14,161
443
280
3,848
1,989
428
7,174

22,798
2,154
1,355
285
514
6,570
1,684
1,100
433
3,304
49
14,074
380
223
3,702
2,063
376
7,330

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Food service
Health service
Cleaning and building service
Personal service

16,879
812
2,242
13,826
5,712
2,347
2,934
2,832

17,208
856
2,156
14,195
6,033
2,375
3,039
2,748

6,739
46
1,910
4,783
2,351
282
1,651
499

6,899
42
1,779
5,078
2,587
273
1,695
522

5,863
35
1,883
3,945
1,715
254
1,548
428

5,930
33
1,752
4,146
1,868
268
1,574
436

10,141
766
332
9,043
3,361
2,066
1,284
2,333

10,309
814
377
9,117
3,446
2,103
1,343
2,225

9,042
681
322
8,039
2,702
1,977
1,194
2,166

9,207
744
360
8,103
2,735
2,016
1,274
2,078

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,665
4,482
5,151
4,032

13,779
4,558
5,182
4,039

12,437
4,305
5,033
3,099

12,502
4,364
5,058
3,080

12,162
4,218
4,901
3,043

12,211
4,237
4,952
3,022

1,228
177
118
933

1,277
195
124
959

1,208
176
111
921

1,244
191
122
931

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators
Other transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,336
8,024
5,241
3,977
1,264
5,070
891
4,180

18,552
7,984
5,462
4,204
1,258
5,106
864
4,242

13,879
5,043
4,733
3,533
1,200
4,104
861
3,242

14,061
5,007
4,914
3,718
1,197
4,140
837
3,303

12,947
4,859
4,630
3,454
1,176
3,458
797
2,661

13,114
4,849
4,832
3,641
1,191
3,433
779
2,655

4,457
2,982
509
445
64
967
29
937

4,491
2,977
548
487
61
967
27
939

4,259
2,898
495
433
62
866
29
837

4,282
2,903
534
473
60
845
28
817

Farming, forestry, and fishing
Farm operators and managers
Other farming, forestry, and fishing occupations

3,740
1,386
2,354

3,684
1,373
2,311

2,987
1,031
1,956

2,990
1,058
1,932

2,766
1,010
1,756

2,777
1,048
1,729

753
355
398

694
315
379

717
354
363

656
314
342

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Officials and administrators, public administration
Other executive, administrative, and managerial
Management-related occupations
Professional specialty
Engineers
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers, college and university
Teachers, except college and university
Lawyers and judges
Other professional specialty occupations
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Health technologists and technicians
Engineering and science technicians
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science
Sales occupations
Supervisors and proprietors
Sales representatives, finance and business services
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail
Sales workers, retail and personal services
Sales-related occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Supervisors
Computer equipment operators
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists
Financial records processing
Mail and message distributing
Other administrative support, including clerical




23

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-18. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex
(Percent distribution)
Total
Occupation and race

Women

Men

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

125,979
100.0

128,439
100.0

67,850
100.0

69,099
100.0

58,129
100.0

59,340
100.0

28.6

29.0
14.0
15.0

27.6
14.7
12.9
19.3
2.8

27.6
14.4
13.2
19.6
2.7

29.8

13.9
14.7
29.6

30.6
13.5
17.1

11.1
5.4

11.3
5.6
10.0
.1
2.6
7.3
18.1
20.3
7.2

TOTAL
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

3.1
12.0
14.5
13.4
.6
1.8
11.0
10.8
14.6
6.4
4.2
4.0
3.0

29.6
3.2
12.0

14.4
13,4
.7

9.9
.1
2.8
7.0

12.9
16.9
41.7
3.5
13.0
25.2

41.2
3.7

17.4
1.3
.6

17.4

12.8
24.6

7.1
6.0
4.3

15.6
2.1
7.7
5.1
.9
1.7
1.3

1.4
.6
15.4
2.2
7.6
5.0
.9
1.6
1.2

58,528
100.0

59,574
100.0

48,766
100.0

49,588
100.0

29.9

28.5

31.6

15.3

28.4
15.1

30.9

14.6
15.3
29.7
3.2
12.4
14.2
12.3
.6

13.5

13.2

13.4

14.0
17.6

19.6
2.8

19.6
2.7

17.4
42.3
3.5

11.8
5.0
8.8

11.7
5.2
9.1

13.4
25.4

.1
2.4
6.6
18.7
19.4
7.0
6.9
5.5
4.7

1.2
.5
14.7
1.9
7.0
4.5
.9
1.6
1.5

14.3
2.0
7.1
4.6
.9
1.6
1.3

1.7

11.1
10.7
14.4
6.2
4.3
4.0
2.9

18.3
20.5
7.4
7.0
6.0
4.4

107,294
100.0

109,162
100.0

29.6
14.5

White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

15.1
29.9
3.2
12.5
14.3
12.2
.6

16.3

41.8
3.7
13.2
24.9
16.1

4.1
3.8
3.2

5.9
4.2
3.7
3.2

.1
2.6
6.2
18.9
19.4
7.0
6.8
5.6
4.7

13,520
100.0

13,796
100.0

6,520
100.0

6,586
100.0

7,000
100.0

7,210
100.0

21.3
10.0
11.3
28.1
2.7
8.6

20.4
9.5

19.6

16.9
8.5
8.4
18.6
2.2
7.7
8.7

22.8

23.5
10.4
13.1
37.3
3.2

1.6
10.0

11.2
13.8
5.9

1.6
10.1
11.2

13.8

1.3
.5

Black
Total, 16 years and over (thousands) .
Percent
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing




16.8
21.7
1.1
3.3

17.3
8.3
19.6
9.1
5.3
5.3

.9

24

10.9

28.4
2.8
9.0
16.7
22.3
1.0
3.0
18.2
7.7
20.2
8.3
5.7
6.2
1.1

10.4
9.2
16.7
2.0
6.5
8.3
18.4

.1
5.4
12.9
14.3
29.1

10.2
9.6
9.3
1.8

17.8

.1
4.6
13.1

13.6
31.2
9.9
10.3

10.9
2.0

9.6
13.2
38.7
3.4
10.6
24.7
24.8
2.0
1.3
21.4
2.8
10.8
8.0
1.2
1.6
.1

10.2

23.9
26.3
1.9
1.5
22.9
2.3
10.2
6.8
1.5
2.0
.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-19. Employed persons by industry and occupation
(In thousands)
October 1996
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Industry

Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
Services
Private households
Other service industries .,
Professional services....
Public administration
1

Technical, sales, and
administrative
support

Total
Executive,
AdminisTechniemadminisPrivate
trative
cians
Profes
ployed
Other
trative,
and
Sales support, housesional
service1
and
including hold
specialty related
manaclerical
support
gerial

3,515
567
8,133
20,803
12,421
8,382

108
85
1,242
2,857
1,694
1,163

89
37
178
1,905
1,279
626

8,938
26,743
5,012
21,731

1,133
2,459
592
1,867

8,068
45,915
1,023
44,891
30,538
5,758

2,196
6,620
4
6,616
3,970
1,272

Precision
Farming,
Machine
producoperHandlers, forestry,
tion,
Transporand
ators,
equipment
tation
craft,
assemcleaners, fishing
and
and
blers,
helpers,
repair
material
and
and
moving
laborers
inspectors

19
15
45
818
330
488

169
37
439
2,069
1,149
920

39
10
20
241
145
96

27
212
4,551
3,888
2,744
1,144

14
21
95
6,480
3,677
2,803

43
110
560
736
406
330

523
543
95
448

261
373
164 11,039
43 2,058
121 8,981

2,382
2,352
757
1,595

219
5,097
52
5,046

1,250
1,459
322
1,137

125
357
139
218

2,193
1,188

298
14,688
12
14,675
12,919
979

153 2,110
2,462 1,110
2
2
2,461 1,108
2,042
184
20
213

2,726
6,965
4
6,961
5,098
1,342

300
8,835
76
8,759
5,326
1,591

162
2,036
11
2,025
382
195

6
861

11
570
2

41
17
38
623
406
217

Includes protective service, not shown separately.




Operators,
fabricators,
and laborers

Service
occupations

25

856
856

1
861

164
23

497
691

569
311
50

8
20
944
1,076
498

2,958
3
21
108

579

92
17

472
1,982
388
1,595

6
101
70
31

37
523
20
504
81
42

67
387
34
353
61
31

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-20. Employed persons in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by age, sex, and class of worker
(In thousands)
October 1996
Agriculture

Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers

Age and sex

Wage
Unpaid
Selfand
employed family
salary
workers workers
workers

Total, 16 years and over....
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,849
178
81
97
240
511
458
229
149
84

1,597
22
15
6
51
256
339
323
289
317

69
14
4
10

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

1,421
141
63
78
195
400
328
176
116
65

1,197
22
15
7
49
195
266
230
185
250

33
12
4
7
1
11

427
38
18
20
45
110
130
53
32
18

400

35
3

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over




2
61
73
94
104
67

20
4
12
8
10

2
8

9
4
12

26

Private industries
Total
Total

Other
Private
private
household
workers industries

SelfUnpaid
employed family
Government workers workers

115,749
6,111
2,534
3,577
11,675
29,960
32,087
22,960
10,265
2,690

97,478
5,849
2,476
3,373
10,742
26,139
26,459
17,754
8,218
2,317

1,017
98
48
50
131
173
211
192
133
78

96,462
5,751
2,428
3,323
10,611
25,966
26,248
17,562
8,084
2,239

18,270
262
58
204
933
3,821
5,628
5,206
2,048
373

9,035
72
28
44
224
1,635
2,781
2,432
1,236
657

140
9
9

60,886
3,042
1,260
1,782
6,113
16,122
16,878
11,777
5,481
1,472

52,784
2,939
1,234
1,705
5,646
14,402
14,448
9,532
4,526
1,292

109
27
10
17
26
12
18
18
5
4

52,675
2,912
1,223
1,688
5,620
14,389
14,430
9,515
4,521
1,289

8,101
103
26
77
467
1,721
2,430
2,245
956
180

5,529
26
6
20
133
934
1,687
1,517
783
451

33

54,863
3,069
1,274
1,795
5,562
13,838
15,210
11,183
4,784
1,218

44,694
2,910
1,242
1,668
5,097
11,737
12,012
8,222
3,692
1,025

907
71
37
34
105
161
193
175
128
74

43,787
2,839
1,205
1,635
4,992
11,576
11,818
8,047
3,563
950

10,169
159
32
127
466
2,100
3,198
2,961
1,092
193

3,506
46
22
24
91
701
1,094
915
453
206

108
6
5

11
30
30
27
26
7

7
4
2
4
10
2

4
26
28
23
16
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-21.

Persons at work in agriculture and nonagricultural industries by hours of work
October 1996

All
industries
Total, 16 years and over

Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Hours of work

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

124,092

Nonagricultural
industries

Agriculture

3,369

120,723

100.0

100.0

100.0

24.3
.9
4.1
12.1
7.1

29.4
2.2
6.4
14.1
6.6

24.2
.9
4.1
12.1
7.1

75.7
7.1
35.1
33.5
12.0
12.2
9.2

70.6
5.3
20.8
44.5
7.6
10.2
26.8

75.8
7.2
35.5
33.1
12.2
12.3
8.7

1 to 34 hours
1 to 4 hours
5 to 14 hours
15 to 29 hours
30 to 34 hours

30,160
1,139
5,128
15,077
8,816

991
76
215
477
224

29,168
1,063
4,912
14,600
8,593

35 hours and over
35 to 39 hours
40 hours
41 hours and over
41 to 48 hours
49 to 59 hours
60 hours and over

93,933
8,822
43,594
41,517
14,927
15,173
11,417

2,378
177
700
1,501
255
344
902

91,555
8,645
42,894
40,016
14,672
14,829
10,515

39.8
44.0

44.4
51.9

39.7
43.8

Average hours, total at work
Average hours, persons who usually work full time

All
industries

redesigned survey.

NOTE: Detail on persons at work in tables A-21 through A-25 may not sum
to the totals shown because of minor editing problems associated with the

A-22. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours in all and nonagricultural industries by reason for working less than 35 hours and usual
full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
All industries

Nonagricultural industries

Reason for working less than 35 hours
Total
Total, 16 years and over
Economic reasons
Slack work or business conditions
Could only find part-time work
Seasonal work
Job started or ended during week
Noneconomic reasons
Child-care problems
Other family or personal obligations
Health or medical limitations
In school or training
Retired or Social Security limit on earnings
Vacation or personal day
Holiday, legal or religious
Weather-related curtailment
All other reasons

Usually
work
part time

Total

Usually
work
full time

Usually
work
part time

30,160

8,827

21,333

29,168

8,564

20,604

3,973
2,053
1,602
129
189

1,276
1,008

2,697
1,044
1,602
50

3,803
1,949
1,575
102
177

1,194
952

2,609
998
1,575
37

26,186
931
5,575
744
6,871
1,841
3,313
133
237
6,542

7,551
106
746

18,636
825
4,829
744
6,778
1,841

25,365
920
5,405
694

7,370
106
725

3,313
133
237
2,924

23.0
21.2

24.3
25.7

Average hours:
Economic reasons
Other reasons




Usually
work
full time

27

78
189

93

66
177

83

17,995
814
4,680
694
6,616
1,674

3,618

1,674
3,258
133
204
6,377

3,258
133
204
2,861

3,517

22.3
19.4

22.9
21.3

24.2
25.8

22.3
19.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-23. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Worked 1 to 34 hours

Industry and class of worker

Average hours

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total 16 years and over

120,723

29,168

Wage and salary workers

112,081

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,803

7,370

17,995

91,555

39.7

43.8

26,420

3,371

6,843

16,206

85,661

39.6

43.5

528

34

1

26

8

494

49.9

50.5

6,410

1,093

252

486

356

5,316

41.6

43.2

19,865
11,872
7,993

2,271
1,132
1,139

312
113
199

1,186
691
494

774
328
446

17,594
10,740
6,853

42.9
43.6
42.0

44.0
44.2
43.5

8,209
24,091
7,116

1,233
8,032
1,396

177
1,063
97

505
1,069
573

551
5,899
725

6,975
16,060
5,721

42.7
37.3
40.1

44.6
44.0
42.5

Service industries
Private households
All other industries
Public administration

40,317
990
39,327
5,545

11,528
591
10,937
833

1,421
126
1,295
49

2,443
52
2,391
556

7,664
413
7,251
229

28,790
400
28,390
4,712

38.1
28.3
38.3
41.1

43.2
41.4
43.2
42.2

Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

8,502
140

2,663
85

432

522
6

1,709
79

5,838
56

40.6
36.5

O

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

1

,

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




28

47.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-24. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by age, sex, race, marital status, and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Average hours

Worked 1 to 34 hours
For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

120,723
6,012
2,487
3,525
114,711
11,592
103,119
89,051
14,068

29,168
4,515
2,318
2,197
24,653
4,042
20,611
16,114
4,496

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

64,474
2,987
1,227
1,760
61,487
6,123
55,364
47,574
7,790

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Age, sex, race, and marital status

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,803
288
44
244
3,516
744
2,771
2,416
355

7,370
187
23
164
7,183
612
6,572
5,576
995

17,995
4,041
2,252
1,789
13,954
2,686
11,268
8,122
3,146

91,555
1,497
169
1,328
90,058
7,549
82,509
72,937
9,572

39.7
23.5
17.3
27.8
40.6
35.9
41.1
41.7
37.3

43.8
39.1
38.0
39.3
43.9
41.7
44.1
44.2
43.2

10,767
2,109
1,121
988
8,658
1,755
6,903
4,964
1,939

1,705
151
30
122
1,553
347
1,206
1,050
157

3,545
94
5
89
3,451
298
3,153
2,620
533

5,518
1,864
1,087
111
3,654
1,110
2,544
1,295
1,250

53,707
878
106
772
52,829
4,368
48,461
42,609
5,851

42.8
24.9
18.1
29.6
43.6
37.9
44.3
44.9
40.2

45.4
39.6
38.6
39.8
45.5
42.5
45.7
45.9
44.7

56,249
3,025
1,260
1,765
53,223
5,468
47,755
41,478
6,278

18,401
2,406
1,197
1,209
15,995
2,287
13,707
11,150
2,557

2,098
136
14
122
1,962
397
1,565
1,366
199

3,825
93
18
75
3,733
314
3,419
2,956
462

12,477
2,177
1,165
1,012
10,300
1,576
8,724
6,827
1,896

37,848
619
63
556
37,229
3,181
34,048
30,327
3,720

36.2
22.0
16.6
25.9
37.0
33.6
37.4
38.0
33.7

41.7
38.4
O
38.6
41.7
40.7
41.8
41.9
40.8

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

102,256
55,433
46,823

25,154
9,159
15,995

2,979
1,357
1,622

6,277
3,070
3,207

15,899
4,733
11,166

77,101
46,274
30,828

39.8
43.0
36.0

44.1
45.6
41.8

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

13,213
6,233
6,979

2,864
1,140
1,724

657
282
376

807
342
465

1,400
516
884

10,348
5,093
5,255

39.0
40.7
37.5

42.0
43.2
40.8

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

40,050
7,353
17,072

4,516
1,076
5,175

682
251
772

2,198
443
904

1,636
382
3,500

35,534
6,277
11,896

44.9
43.5
37.5

46.2
45.3
43.1

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

30,742
11,489
14,018

9,853
2,968
5,580

825
541
732

2,131
897
798

6,897
1,530
4,051

20,889
8,521
8,438

36.4
38.3
34.0

41.5
42.0
41.6

TOTAL

Race

Marital status

1

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




29

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-25. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by sex and usual full- or part-time status
(Numbers in thousands)
October 1996
Worked 1 to 34 hours
Occupation and sex

Total, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Men, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Women, 16 years and over1
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

For noneconomic
reasons

Total
at
work

Total

120,541

29,116

36,028
17,354
18,674
36,626
3,943
14,826
17,857
16,601
834
2,079
13,688
13,365
17,921
7,753
5,232
4,936

For
economic
reasons

Worked
35 hours
or more

Total
at
work

Persons who
usually work
full time

Usually
work
full
time

Usually
work
part
time

3,778

7,330

18,008

91,425

39.7

43.8

6,510
2,397
4,113
10,425
875
4,360
5,189
6,756
498
357
5,901
1,845
3,581
1,118
850
1,612

563
224
339
1,022
105
495
421
1,075
96
40
939
371
747
248
169
330

2,161
1,016
1,145
2,378
280
704
1,395
848
38
142
668
918
1,024
515
211
298

3,786
1,157
2,629
7,025
490
3,161
3,373
4,832
363
175
4,294
556
1,810
356
470
984

29,518
14,957
14,561
26,201
3,067
10,466
12,668
9,845
336
1,723
7,786
11,521
14,340
6,635
4,381
3,324

42.6
44.5
40.8
37.8
39.1
39.1
36.4
34.4
27.9
42.6
33.6
42.7
40.6
41.1
44.0
36.3

45.6
46.4
44.8
42.7
42.3
45.2
40.7
42.3
41.5
45.2
41.7
43.9
43.5
42.3
46.9
41.5

64,143

10,647

1,683

3,500

5,464

53,496

42.8

45.4

18,558
9,666
8,892
13,112
1,834
7,539
3,739
6,704
43
1,710
4,952
12,146
13,622
4,895
4,710
4,017

2,255
906
1,349
2,357
259
1,309
789
2,078
16
243
1,819
1,572
2,386
523
618
1,245

240
109
131
252
42
120
90
368
4
21
344
336
488
104
132
252

991
466
525
680
123
325
232
322
1
113
208
803
704
278
186
240

1,024
332
693
1,425
94
864
467
1,388
11
109
1,268
433
1,194
141
300
753

16,303
8,760
7,543
10,755
1,575
6,230
2,950
4,627
27
1,467
3,133
10,574
11,237
4,372
4,092
2,772

45.8
47.3
44.1
42.4
42.0
44.0
39.4
37.4
(2)
44.1
35.1
43.0
41.7
42.4
45.1
36.8

47.6
48.4
46.5
45.6
43.7
47.5
42.9
43.4
(2)
45.9
42.3
44.1
44.2
43.2
47.2
41.7

56,398

18,468

2,095

3,830

12,543

37,929

36.2

41.7

17,470
7,688
9,782
23,513
2,109
7,287
14,118
9,896
791
370
8,736
1,219
4,298
2,858
522
918

4,255
1,491
2,764
8,067
616
3,052
4,400
4,678
482
114
4,082
273
1,195
595
233
367

323
116
208
770
63
376
331
708
93
19
595
36
259
143
37
79

1,170
551
619
1,698
156
379
1,163
526
37
29
460
115
321
237
26
58

2,762
825
1,936
5,600
396
2,297
2,906
3,444
352
65
3,027
123
616
215
170
230

13,215
6,197
7,018
15,446
1,493
4,235
9,718
5,218
309
255
4,654
947
3,103
2,263
289
551

39.2
41.0
37.8
35.2
36.6
34.1
35.6
32.4
27.7
36.1
32.7
38.9
37.2
38.8
34.3
34.0

43.2
43.5
42.9
40.7
40.9
42.0
40.1
41.3
41.4
41.3
41.3
41.4
40.8
40.8
42.6
40.3

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

Excludes farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.




Average hours

30

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-26. Unemployed persons by marital status, race, age, and sex
Women

Men
Marital status, race, and age

Unemployment
rates

Thousands of
persons

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Total, 16 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

3,474
1,211
495
1,768

3,337
1,148

White, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

2,601
975
376

2,447
926
335

1,251

Black, 16 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

641

130
98
414

Total, 25 years and over
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

4.9
2.8
6.1
9.1

4.6
2.6
5.2
8.8

3,410
1,328

1,186

4.3
2.5
5.6
8.0

752
173
87

Unemployment
rates
Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

717
1,366

3,240
1,212
653
1,375

5.5
3.9
5.8
8.8

5.2
3.6
5.2
8.6

3.9
2.4
4.9
7.3

2,426
1,090
537
800

2,222
1,003
472
747

4.7
3.7
5.5
6.9

4.3
3.4
4.7
6.2

9.0
3.9
9.3

10.2
5.1
7.6

15.1

17.4

822
121
156
544

10.0
5.1
7.4
16.1

10.2
4.7
7.0

491

781
134
156
492

17.0

2,166
1,100
484
583

2,098
1,060

3.4
2.5
5.1
5.8

2,278
1,179
640
459

2,176
1,064

418
620

3.6
2.6
6.2
5.8

614
498

4.4
3.7
5.4
6.0

4.1
3.3
5.0
6.2

White, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

1,635
879
370
386

1,599
853
322
425

3.1
2.3
5.7
4.9

3.0
2.3
4.8
5.0

1,666
967
478
221

1,533
875
438
219

3.9
3.4
5.1
4.0

3.5
3.1
4.5
3.9

Black, 25 years and over ....
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)

375
121

419

6.3
3.7
8.9

6.9
4.9
7.6
10.3

469
115
140
214

505
107
151
248

7.3
4.6
6.9

7.6
4.3
6.9
12.5




Oct.
1995

Thousands of
persons

431
1,758

93

161
87

161

171

31

11.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-27. Unemployed persons by occupation and sex
Thousands of
persons
Occupation

Total

Oct.
1995
Total, 16 years and over1

Unemployment rates
Men

Total

Oct.
1996

Women

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

6,884

6,577

5.2

4.9

4.9

4.6

5.5

5.2

839
465
374

772
444
328

2.3
2.6
2.0

2.0
2.4
1.7

2.1
2.3
2.0

2.1
2.6
1.5

2.4
3.0
2.0

2.0
2.2
1.9

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

1,706
102
746
857

1,746
114
816
816

4.4
2.5
4.7
4.5

4.4
2.7
5.0
4.2

3.5
2.6
3.0
4.9

3.4
2.1
3.4
4.0

4.8
2.5
6.3
4.4

5.0
3.2
6.7
4.3

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

1,416
115
81
1,220

1,285
98
61
1,126

7.7
12.5
3.5
8.1

6.9
10.2
2.8
7.3

7.3
2.9
9.0

6.5
(2)
2.5
7.6

8.0
12.5
6.7

7.3
9.7
3.8
7.2

715
164
410
141

134
372
162

5.0
3.5
7.4
3.4

4.6
2.9
6.7
3.9

4.9
3.3
7.4
2.8

4.6
2.9
6.6
3.6

5.6
8.0
4.8
5.2

5.0
2.7
10.4

1,394
537
266
591
180
411

1,345
560
216
569
116
453

7.1
6.3
4.8
10.4
16.8
9.0

6.8
6.6
3.8
10.0
11.9
9.6

6.6
5.1
4.6

8.6
8.1
6.6

16.0
8.7

6.3
5.3
3.9
10.1
11.6
9.7

10.8
(2)
9.8

8.3
8.7
3.3
9.8
(2)
9.5

Farming, forestry, and fishing

307

236

7.6

6.0

6.9

6.1

10.3

5.6

No previous work experience
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over

492
323
69

504
336
54
113

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

100
2

1
Includes a small number of persons whose last job was in the Armed
Forces.




32

O

10.3

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

7.6

4.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-28. Unemployed persons by industry and sex
Thousands of
persons
Industry

Unemployment rates

Total

Oct.
1995

Total
Oct.
1996

Men

Women

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

6,884

6,577

5.2

4.9

4.9

4.6

5.5

5.2

5,399

5,109

5.4

5.0

5.0

4.6

5.8

5.4

Mining
Construction

36
606

24
507

6.0
9.3

4.1
7.6

5.2
9.7

3.7
7.9

11.2
5.4

6.9
5.2

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery and computing equipment
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies
Transportation equipment
Automobiles
Other transportation equipment
Professional and photographic equipment
Other durable goods industries
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Other nondurable goods industries

952
525
54
31

912
528
31
33
12

4.5
4.2
6.3
5.0
3.0
3.0
2.7
3.3
5.0
4.4
3.7
5.3
3.1
7.4
4.9
5.3
2.0
10.0
2.6
5.1
2.9
5.4
4.0

4.3
4.2
4.3
4.9
2.0
3.1
5.2
2.2
4.3
4.8
5.1
4.4
3.5
9.5
4.5
7.8
3.5
8.3
.7
3.6
2.5
3.2
1.0

3.8
3.6
6.3
5.2
1.7
2.8
2.0
2.3
3.7
4.1
3.1
5.4
2.0
9.6
4.3
4.4
.7
11.5
2.7
5.6
1.6
5.6
4.8

3.5
3.7
3.9
3.6
1.9
3.6
5.3
1.6
4.1
4.6
4.9
4.2
2.9
8.1
3.1
6.0
2.8
5.4
.8
2.4
1.8
2.1
1.6

5.9
5.8
6.4
4.6
7.1
3.9
5.2
6.9
6.8
5.5
5.7
5.0
5.0
4.2
5.9
6.9
3.4
9.4
2.1
4.5
5.4
5.0
3.4

5.9
5.3
6.0
7.6
2.2

3.8
4.6
2.6
6.2
4.2
6.7
3.3
5.3
-3.5
8.1

4.0
4.5
3.3
6.1
3.2
6.7
2.9
4.7
3.1
7.0

3.6
4.5
2.1
5.4
3.6
6.1
2.6
4.9
3.0
6.6

4.1
4.8
2.9
5.2
2.7
6.1
3.0
4.2
2.7
5.4

4.2
4.8
3.5
7.1
5.4
7.3
3.7
5.5
3.6
9.7

3.9
3.7
4.1
7.0
4.5
7.3
2.8
5.0
3.3
8.6

10.6
2.6

8.6
2.6

9.5
2.5

9.2
2.7

13.8
2.7

6.8
2.6

Total, 16 years and over
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

16
25

39
82
99
103
50
53
24
52
428
100

13
104
18
91
37
48

16
267
197

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and other public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Service industries
Professional services
Other service industries
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Government, self-employed, and unpaid family workers
No previous work experience




33

26
73
54
87
119
72
47
27
67
384
145
23
82
5
67
32
28
3
290

199

71

91

1,616
210
1,406

1,603
156
1,447
215

235
1,686
661
1,025

1,558
615
943

222
771
492

175
789
504

4.9
4.2
4.8
5.4
5.8
4.9
4.4
11.8
6.5
11.2
4.2

9.6
.4
5.1
4.1
5.4
.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-29. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race
(Numbers in thousands)

Reason

Total,
16 years
and over
Oct.
1995

Women,
20 years
and over

Men,
20 years
and over

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Both sexes,
16 to 19
years

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

White

Black

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

5,027
2,403
579
1,824
1,318
506
638
1,668
319

4,668 1,423 1,574
626
2,010 505
99
87
515
526
1,496 418
337
1,076 265
189
153
420
157
121
649
643
1,716 666
147
131
293

Oct.
1996

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

6,884
3,104
719
2,384
1,686
698
799
2,490
492

6,577
2,757
649
2,108
1,476
632
848
2,468
504

2,762
1,727
385
1,342
925
417
336
653
45

2,641
1,648
367
1,281
880
402
320
633
39

2,864
1,155
264
891
686
204
361
1,224
125

2,723
928
221
707
512
195
401
1,266
129

1,258
222
70
152
76
76
102
612
323

1,212
181
61
119
85
35
128
568
336

100.0
45.1
10.5
34.6
11.6
36.2
7.1

100.0
41.9
9.9
32.1
12.9
37.5
7.7

100.0
62.5
14.0
48.6
12.2
23.7
1.6

100.0
62.4
13.9
48.5
12.1
24.0
1.5

100.0
40.3
9.2
31.1
12.6
42.7
4.4

100.0
34.1
8.1
26.0
14.7
46.5
4.7

100.0
17.6
5.6
12.0
8.1
48.6
25.6

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
14.9 47.8 43.1 35.5 39.8
6.3
6.1
5.0 11.5 11.0
9.8 36.3 32.0 29.4 33.5
8.5 10.0
10.5 12.7 13.9
46.9 33.2 36.8 46.8 40.9
6.3
9.4
9.2
6.3
27.7

2.3
.6
1.9
.4

2.0
.6
1.8
.4

2.6
.5
1.0
.1

2.4
.5
.9
.1

2.0
.6
2.1
.2

1.6
.7
2.1
.2

3.0
1.4
8.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
N e w entrants




34

2.4
1.7
7.5
4.4

2.1
.6
1.5
.3

1.8
.6
1.5
.3

3.4
.8
4.5
.9

4.1
1.0
4.2
1.0

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-30. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and duration of unemployment
(Percent distribution)
October 199€>
Duration of unemployment

Total unemployed
Reason, sex, and age

15 weeks and over

Total, 16 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 years and over
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Percent

Less than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

6,577

100.0

34.8

2,757
649
2,108
1,476
632
848
2,468
504

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

2,641
1,648
367
1,281
880
402
320
633
39

Thousands
of persons

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

33.1

32.1

14.9

17.2

35.6
63.3
27.0
26.4
28.4
42.6
31.7
33.3

29.9
26.1
31.1
27.9
38.6
33.3
36.5
33.0

34.5
10.6
41.9
45.7
33.0
24.1
31.9
33.7

16.9
7.2
19.9
22.0
15.0
12.4
13.9
13.4

17.6
3.4
22.0
23.7
18.0
11.7
17.9
20.2

100.0

32.3

29.1

38.6

16.4

22.2

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

33.9
61.2
26.1
25.9
26.5
39.4
24.8

29.1
25.7
30.0
26.0
38.8
29.8
28.4

37.0
13.1
43.9
48.1
34.7
30.7
46.9

17.4
8.6
19.9
21.1
17.3
12.8
16.1

19.6
4.4
24.0
27.0
17.5
17.9
30.8

0

O

O

0

2,723

100.0

33.6

34.6

31.8

15.7

16.1

928
221
707
512
195
401
1,266
129

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

34.2
60.6
26.0
24.7
29.5
41.0
31.2
30.2

31.2
30.0
31.6
29.8
36.3
34.6
37.4
31.4

34.6
9.5
42.4
45.5
34.2
24.4
31.4
38.4

17.9
6.8
21.4
24.6
12.9
13.9
14.8
14.1

16.7
2.7
21.0
21.0
21.2
10.4
16.6
24.3

1,212

100.0

43.1

38.1

18.7

10.1

8.7

181
61
119
85
35
128
568
336

100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

57.5
(1)
42.9
42.7

31.3

11.2

O

O

7.0
(')
10.7
15.0

O

0

0

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
On temporary layoff
Not on temporary layoff
Permanent job losers
Persons who completed temporary jobs
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

0

55.5
40.4
35.4

40.0
36.0

0

37.6
43.5
32.9

17.1
21.3
(1)
6.9
16.1
31.7

6.9
9.5
13.8

0

4.2
6.4
6.3

6.6
17.9

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.

A-31. Unemployed total and full-time workers by duration of unemployment
Total
Duration of unemployment

Total 16 years and over
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
5 to 10 weeks
11 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
27 to 51 weeks
52 weeks and over
Averaae (mean) duration in weeks
Median duration in weeks




Thousands of persons

Full-time workers
Percent distribution

Thousands of persons

Percent distribution

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

6,884

6,577

100.0

100.0

5,356

5,179

100.0

100.0

2,529
2,257
1,600
657
2,099
952
1,147
474
673

2,291
2,174
1,539
635
2,112
982
1,130
491
639

36.7
32.8
23.2
9.5
30.5
13.8
16.7
6.9
9.8

34.8
33.1
23.4
9.7
32.1
14.9
17.2
7.5
9.7

1,740
1,780
1,221
559
1,836
813
1,023
452
571

1,643
1,668
1,129
539
1,668
867
1,001
456
545

32.5
33.2
22.8
10.4
34.3
15.2
19.1
8.4
10.7

31.7
32.2
21.8
10.4
36.1
167
19.3
8.8
10.5

16.2
7.9

16.7
8.1

17.8
9.1

18.1
9.5

35

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-32. Unemployed persons by age, sex, race, marital status, and duration of unemployment
October 1996
Weeks

Thousands of persons
Sex, age, race, and
marital status

15 weeks and over
Total

than
5 weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

1,130
105
141
257
283
203
110
31

16.7
10.8
13.7
16.0
19.1
22.4
26.3
20.5

8.1
5.7
7.7
8.0
9.1
11.8
15.0
7.4

646
59
78

18.0
10.6
14.9
16.6
21.3
24.7
33.1
19.4

8.6
5.7

27 weeks
and over

TOTAL

2,291
523
388
553
468
225
71
62

429
222
92
29

2,112
227
297
491
525
350
169
53

3,337
696
543
744
669
433
174
79

1,148

1,049

1,140

296

279

121

195
282
208

197
230
182

152
232

494
62
74
102

95
39
33

106
42

279
232
93
33

119
99
21
17

159
133
72

3,240
516
547
835
752
364
159
66

1,143
227

1,125
183

972

194
271
260
130
33

209
304
247

145
260
246

488
60
82
132

118
76

29

116
50
16

21

38
6

484
46
63
128
124
70
38

White, 16 years and over
Men
Women

4,668
2,447
2,222

1,703
855
848

1,582
799
782

1,383
792
591

Black, 16 years and over
Men
Women

1,574
752
822

473
235
238

486
218
268

Men, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

1,148
431
1,758

360
127
661

Women, 16 years and over:
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated ...
Single (never married)

1,212
653
1,375

439
217
488

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

6,577
1,212
1,090
1,579
1,421

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

796
333
145

2,174
462
405
534

13

982
122
156
234
241
147

59
23

130

15

7.9
7.7
10.8
16.4
17.8

9.2
7.5
5.7
7.5
8.2
7.7
8.0
13.4

15

15.4
11.0
12.5
15.5
17.1
19.7
18.9
21.8

641
347
294

742
445
297

15.6
17.3
13.8

7.3
8.3
6.3

614
298
316

280
129
150

334
169
165

19.5
19.7
19.3

10.4
10.3
10.6

316
115
618

472
189
479

198
72
225

275
118
254

19.9
24.7
15.1

10.6
11.4
7.3

433
208
484

341
228
403

161
107
220

180
121
183

14.9
18.8
14.3

6.5
9.0
7.8

106

122
48

0

Race

Marital status

Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.




36

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-33.

Unemployed persons by occupation, industry, and duration of unemployment
October 1996
Thousands of persons
Occupation and industry

15 weeks and over

Less
than
5 weeks

Total

Weeks

5 to 14
weeks

Total

15 to 26
weeks

27 weeks
and over

Average
(mean)
duration

Median
duration

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

772
1,746
1,285
668
1,345
236

212
652
435
239
496
79

257
592
458
198
401
92

303
502
392
231
447
64

151
249
175
88
207
43

152
253
218
143
241
21

18.6
15.4
16.4
17.9
17.0
13.3

10.1
6.9
8.0
9.0
7.9
7.5

175
524
920
535
384
338
1,614
227
1,802
166

44
231
330
185
145
144
571
66
601
42

84
150
270
157
113
89
592
73
594
49

47
143
319
193
126
105
451
88
606
75

30
49
158
103
55
47
234
51
299
20

17
94
161
90
71
58
217
37
307
55

13.4
14.3
16.9
17.1
16.5
15.2
14.4
17.9
17.6
26.4

9.0
6.1
8.0
9.1
6.1
5.8
7.5
9.2
8.6
10.4

504

168

166

170

68

102

19.0

8.5

INDUSTRY1
Agriculture
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Public administration
No previous work experience
1

Includes wage and salary workers only.

A-34. Persons not in the labor force by desire and availability for work, age, and sex
(In thousands)
Age

Total
Category
Oct.
1995

Total not in the labor force
Do not want a job now1
Want a job 1
Did not search for work in previous year.
Searched for work in previous year2
Not available to work now
Available to work now
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects3
Reasons other than discouragement
Family responsibilities
In school or training
Ill health or disability
Other4

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
1996 I 1995 1996 ! 1995

24,120! 42,161 42,138
66,329 66,258 11,583 11,532 18,477 18,048 36,269 36,678
22,144| 38,917 39,033
60,959 61,178 9,772 9,719 15,930 15,700 35,256 35,759
919 2,126 1.976i 3,244 3,104
1,813
2,546 2,349 1,013
5,370 5,080 1,810
1,901
714 1,145 1,078! 1,969
766
947 1,418 1,319
931
2,980
3,115
1,274
1,203
205i
981
1,030
247 i
880
865 1,129
2,100
2,255
4381
442
211
48|
230
314
55
249
653
290j
364
668
760
687
1571
751
837:
715
191
631!
575!
765
1,587i 1,447
412!
1,175
144
312
123
597

374
1,073
152
329
99
494

1

Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job.
Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since
the end of that job.
3
Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of
7




Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

55 years
and over

25 to 54
years

16 to 24
years

37

101
530
41
274
18

197J

83!
492
19
263
24
185

226
539
91
38
76
334

239
477

841
107|
12

631
50 ]
2421

2b
66

53
104
11
2
24
67

248
503
25
175
49
254

238
449
41
172

371
200!

i
164
672
119
137
74
343

137
624
111
157
62
294

discrimination.
•: Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for
such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a small
number for which reason for nonparticipation was not ascertained.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
A-35. Multiple jobholders by selected demographic and economic characteristics
(Numbers in thousands)

1

Rate

Number

Characteristic

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Women

Men

Both sexes
Number

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

1

Rate1

Number

Rate
Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

AGE
2

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
55 to 64 years
65 years and over

7,970
316
7,654
807
6,847
6,162
685
563
121

8,369
292
8,077
887
7,190
6,456
733
598
135

6.3
5.1
6.4
6.6
6.4
6.7
4.4
4.8
3.2

6.5
4.6
6.6
7.3
6.5
6.9
4.7
5.0
3.6

4,328
135
4,193
403
3,790
3,448
342
273
70

4,376
106
4,270
420
3,850
3,445
404
326
79

6.4
4.3
6.5
6.2
6.5
7.0
4.0
4.2
3.2

6.3
3.3
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.8
4.6
5.0
3.5

3,641
181
3,461
404
3,057
2,714
343
291
52

3,993
186
3,807
467
3,340
3,011
329
272
57

6.3
6.0
6.3
7.1
6.2
6.4
5.0
5.5
3.2

6.7
5.9
6.8
8.2
6.6
6.9
4.8
5.0
3.7

7,016
705
446

7,338
729
449

6.5
5.2
3.9

6.7
5.3
3.7

3,808
382
248

3,867
371
253

6.5
5.9
3.6

6.5
5.6
3.5

3,208
323
198

3,471
357
196

6.6
4.6
4.3

7.0
5.0
4.1

4,594
1,307
2,068

4,802
1,397
2,170

6.1
6.8
6.5

6.3
7.0
6.6

2,824
430
1,074

2,885
468
1,022

6.6
5.6
6.1

6.7
5.9
5.6

1,770
877
995

1,916
929
1,148

5.5
7.6
7.1

5.8
7.7
7.9

4,505
1,860
291
1,274

4,532
1,878
277
1,640

2,709
603
227
769

2,603
564
193
984

1,796!
1,257
64
504

1,929
1,314
84
656

RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN
White
Black
Hispanic origin
MARITAL STATUS
Married, spouse present
Widowed, divorced, or separated
Single (never married)
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Primary job full time, secondary job part time....
Primary and secondary jobs both part time
Primary and secondary jobs both full time
Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1
Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified
group.
2
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary
job and full time on their secondary jobs(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

A-36. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian
noninstitutionai
population

j
j

Civilian labor force

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Unemployed

Employed

Total

Veteran status
and age

Percent of
labor force

Number
Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 40 years and over
40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,628
6,515
1,381
3,222
1,912
1,113

7,760
6,460
1,175
3,011
2,274
1,300

6,556
5,903
1,257
2.939
1,707
653

6,629
5,841
1,069
2,715
2,057
788

6.374
5,732
1,212
2,862
1,659
642

6,449
5,682
1,046
2,634
2,002
766

183
171
45
78
48
12

180
159
23
81
55
22

2.8
2.9
3.6
2.7
2.8
1.8

2.7
2.7
2.1
3.0
2.7
2.8

17,649
8,278
5,370
4,001

18,613
8,688
5,909
4,017

15,882
7,646
4,821
3,416

16,909
8,093
5,377
3,438

15,353
7,386
4,682
3,284

16,380
7,848
5.208
3,324

529
260
139
131

529
246
169
114

3.3
34
2.9
3.8

3.1
3.0
3,1
3.3

NONVETERANS
Total, 40 to 54 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who




38

have never served in the Armed Forces.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT
B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry, 1946 to date
(In thousands)
Goods-producing
Year
and
month

Total

Total
private

Total

Mining

Construction

Service-producing

Manufacturing

Total

Transportation
and
public
utilities

Wholesale
trade

Retail
trade

Finance,
insurance,
Services
and
real
estate

Government

Federal

State

Local

Annual averages

V)
V)
0
V)

.
.
.
.

41,652
43,857
44,866
43,754

36,056
38,382
39,216
37,897

17,248
18,509
18,774
17,565

862
955
994
930

1,683
2,009
2,198
2,194

14,703
15,545
15,582
14,441

24,404
25,348
26,092
26,189

4,061
4,166
4,189
4,001

2,298
2,478
2,612
2,610

6,077
6,477
6,659
6,654

1,675
1,728
1,800
1,828

4,697
5,025
5,181
5,239

2,254
1,892
1,863
1,908

1950 .
1951 .
1952 .
1953 .
1954 .
1955 .
1956 .
1957 .
1958 .
19592

45,197
47,819
48,793
50,202
48,990
50,641
52,369
52,855
51,322
53,270

39,170
41,430
42,185
43,556
42,238
43,727
45,091
45,239
43,483
45,186

18,506
19,959
20,198
21,074
19,751
20,513
21,104
20,967
19,513
20,411

901
929

791
792
822
828
751
732

2,364
2,637
2,668
2,659
2,646
2,839
3,039
2,962
2,817
3,004

15,241
16,393
16,632
17,549
16,314
16,882
17,243
17,176
15,945
16,675

26,691
27,860
28,595
29,128
29,239
30,128
31,264
31,889
31,811
32,857

4,034
4,226
4,248
4,290
4,084
4,141
4,244
4,241
3,976
4,011

2,643
2,735
2,821
2,862
2,875
2,934
3,027
3,037
2,989
3,092

6,743
7,007
7,184
7,385
7,360
7,601
7,831
7,848
7,761
8,035

1,888
1,956
2,035
2.111
2,200
2,298
2,389
2,438
2,481
2,549

5,356
5,547
5,699
5,835
5,969
6,240
6,497
6,708
6,765
7,087

1,928
2,302
2,420
2,305
2,188
2,187
2,209
2,217
2,191
2,233

1,328
1,415
1,484

4,071
4,230
4,366

1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
60,763
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384

45,836
45,404
46,660
47,429
48,686
50,689
53,116
54,413
56,058
58,189

20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361

712
672
650
635
634
632
627
613
606
619

2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575

16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167

33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,158
46,023

4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442

3,153
3,142
3,207
3,258
3,347
3,477
3.608
3,700
3,791
3,919

8,238
8,195
8,359
8,520
8,812
9,239
9,637
9,906
10,308
10.785

2,628
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
2,977
3,058
3,185
3.337
3,512

7,378
7,619
7,982
8,277
8,660
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169

2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758

1,536
1,607
1,668
1,747
1,856
1,996
2,141
2,302
2,442
2,533

4,547
4,708
4,881
5,121
5,392
5,700
6,080
6,371
6.660
6.904

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

70,880
71,211
73,675
76,790
78,265
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823

58,325
58,331
60,341
63,058
64,095
62,259
64,511
67,344
71,026
73,876

23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461

623
609
628
642
697
752
779
813
851
958

3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463

19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
18,323
18,997
19.682
20,505
21,040

47,302
48,276
50,007
51,897
53,471
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363

4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136

4,006
4,014
4,127
4,291
4,447
4,430
4,562
4,723
4,985
5,221

11,034
11,338
11,822
12,315
12,539
12,630
13,193
13,792
14,556
14,972

3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975

11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
13,892
14,551
15,302
16,252
17,112

2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2.773

2,664
2,747
2,859
2,923
3,039
3.179
3,273
3.377
3.474
3.541

7,158
7,437
7,790
8,146
8,407
8,758
8,865
9,023
9,446
9,633

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

90,406
91,152
89,544
90,152
94,408
97,387
99,344
101,958
105,210
107,895

74,166
75,121
73,707
74,282
78,384
80,992
82,651
84,948
87,824
90,117

25,658
25,497
23,812
23,330
24,718
24,842
24,533
24,674
25,125
25,254

1,027
1,139
1,128
952
966
927
777
717
713
692

4,346
4,188
3,904
3,946
4,380

20,285
20,170
18,780
18,432
19,372
19,248
18,947
18,999
19,314
19,391

64,748
65,655
65,732
66,821

5,292
5,375
5,295
5,283
5,568
5,727
5,761
5,848
6,030
6,187

15,018
15,171
15,158
15,587
16,512
17,315
17,880
18,422
19,023
19,475

5,160
5,298
5,340
5,466
5,684
5,948
6,273
6,533
6,630
6,668

17,890
18,615
19,021
19,664
20.746
21.927
22,957
24,110
25,504
26.907

2.866
2,772
2,739
2,774
2,807
2,875
2,899
2,943
2,971
2,988

3,610
3.640
3,640
3,662
3,734
3,832
3,893
3,967
4,076
4,182

9,765

72,544
74,811
77,284
80,086
82,642

5,146
5,165
5,081
4,952
5,156
5,233
5,247
5,362
5,514
5,625

9,458
9,434
9,482
9,687
9,901
10,100
10,339
10,609

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995

.
.
.
.
.
.

109,419
108,256
108,604
110,730
114,172
117,203

91,115
89,854
89,959
91,889
95,044
97,892

24,905
23,745
23,231
23,352
23,908
24,206

709
689
635
610
601
580

5,120
4,650
4,492

19,076
18,406
18,104
18,075
18,321
18,468

84,514
84,511
85,373
87,378
90,264
92,997

5,793
5,762
5,721
5,829
5,993
6,165

6,173
6,081
5,997
5,981
6,162
6,412

19,601
19,284
19,356
19,773
20,507
21,173

6,709
6,646
6,602
6,757
6,896
6,830

27,934
28,336
29,052
30.197
31.579
33.107

3,085
2,966
2,969
2,915
2,870
2,822

4,305
4,355
4,408
4,488
4,576
4,642

10,914
11,081
11,267
11,438
11,682
11.847

1946
1947
1948
1949

4,810
4,958
5,098
5,171

5,158

O
O
O
0
0

0
V)
O1
()
0

Monthly data, seasonally adjusted
1095:
October
November
December
1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September*
OctoberP
1

117,749
117,899
118,136

98,410
98,561
98,789

24,151
24,133
24,160

573
569
570

5,200
5,211
5,223

18,378
18,353
18,367

93,598
93,766
93.976

6,212
6,233
6,249

6,465
6,478
6,498

21,263
21.300
21,334

6,871
6,887

33,460
33,546
33,661

2,801
2.796
2,790

4,636
4,634
4,634

11,902
11,908
11,923

118,070
118,579
118,750
118,922
119,332
119,537
119,772
120,052
120,017
120,227

98,734
99,214
99,356
99,527
99,873
100,091
100,288
100,446
100,478
100,728

24,112
24.254
24,196
24,209
24,263
24,274
24,264
24,298
24,245
24,262

569
573
574
573
576
575
570
570
568
569

5,234
5,349
5,341
5,353
5,384
5,401
5,427
5,437
5,445
5,455

18,309
18,332
18,281
18,283
18,303
18,298
18,267
18,291
18,232
18,238

93,958
94,325
94,554
94,713
95,069
95,263
95,508
95,754
95,772
95,965

6,254
6,270
6,292
6,294
6.309
6,329
6,333
6,342
6,330
6,337

6,512
6,529
6,548
6,550
6,567
6,575
6,585
6,603
6,613
6,632

21,268
21,340
21.350
21,415
21,485
21,568
21,671
21,672
21,699
21,761

6,894
6,919
6,931
6,942
6,964
6,967
6,987
6,999
7,003
7,029

33,694
33,902
34,039
34,117
34,285
34,378
34,448
34,532
34,588
34,707

2,783
2,780
2,780
2,776
2,776
2,756
2,752
2,739
2,741
2,733

4,625
4.636
4,639
4,643
4.655
4.654
4,659
4,674
4,677
4,648

11,928
11,949
11,975
11,976
12,028
12,036
12,073
12,193
12.121
12,118

Not available.
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. This inclusion resulted in an
increase of 212,000 (0.4 percent) in the nonfarm total for the March 1959 benchmark
month.
P = preliminary.
2




NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March 1995
benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted
data (beginning April 1995) and all seasonally adjusted data (beginning January
1992) are subject to revision.

39

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date
Total private1
Year and
month

Mining

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

38.7
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7

$2.36
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04

$91.33
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61

41.9
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0

$2.81
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60

37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7

3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16

119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91

42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.4
43.0

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

35.3
35.2
34.8
35.0
35.2
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6

6.66
7.25
7.68
8.02
8.32
8.57
8.76
8.98
9.28
9.66

235.10
255.20
267.26
280.70
292.86
299.09
304.85
312.50
322.02
334.24

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995

34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
34.7
34.5

10.01
10.32
10.57
10.83
11.12
11.44

345.35
353.98
363.61
373.64
385.86
394.68

Construction
Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$117.74
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80

37.2
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9

$3.55
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79

$132.06
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54

3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.49

164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.88
365.07

37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
37.0

5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.66
9.27

195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.69
342.99

43.3
43.7
42.7
42.5
43.3
43.4
42.2
42.4
42.3
43.0

9.17
10.04
10.77
11.28
11.63
11.98
12.46
12.54
12.80
13.26

397.06
438.75
459.88
479.40
503.58
519.93
525.81
531.70
541.44
570.18

37.0
36.9
36.7
37.1
37.8
37.7
37.4
37.8
37.9
37.9

9.94
10.82
11.63
11.94
12.13
12.32
12.48
12.71
13.08
13.54

367.78
399.26
426.82
442.97
458.51
464.46
466.75
480.44
495.73
513.17

44.1
44.4
43.9
44.3
44.8
44.7

13.68
14.19
14.54
14.60
14.88
15.30

603.29
630.04
638.31
646.78
666.62
683.91

38.2
38.1
38.0
38.5
38.9
38.8

13.77
14.00
14.15
14.38
14.73
15.08

526.01
533.40
537.70
553.63
573.00
585.10

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages
1964
1965
1966
1967 .
1968
1969
1970 .. .
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

. ...

IMonthly data , not seasor ally adjusteci
1995:
October
November
December
1996:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September*
October**

.. .

34.7
34.4
34.5

$11.60
11.59
11.61

$402.52
398.70
400.55

45.4
44.8
45.0

$15.34
15.35
15.54

$696.44
687.68
699.30

40.1
38.6
38.1

$15.34
15.24
15.13

$615.13
588.26
576.45

33.4
34.1
34.2
34.1
34.3
34.9
34.6
34.8
34.9
34.5

11.71
11.69
11.69
11.75
11.73
11.76
11.74
11.77
11.96
11.95

391.11
398.63
399.80
400.68
402.34
410.42
406.20
409.60
417.40
412.28

43.8
45.1
45.0
44.9
45.2
46.0
44.8
45.3
45.9
46.0

15.63
15.62
15.51
15.55
15.44
15.57
15.53
15.51
15.72
15.52

684.59
704.46
697.95
698.20
697.89
716.22
695.74
702.60
721.55
713.92

36.7
38.1
38.1
38.6
38.8
39.6
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.8

15.24
15.14
15.13
15.19
15.27
15.32
15.48
15.55
15.75
15.74

559.31
576.83
576.45
586.33
592.48
606.67
616.10
618.89
625.28
626.45

See footnotes at end of table.




40

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Transportation and public
utilities

Manufacturing
Year and
month

Hourly
earnings,
excluding
overtime

Wholesale trade

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$2.89
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63

$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74

40.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2

$2.52
2.60
2.73
2.87
3.04
3.23

$102.56
106.08
111.11
115.66
121.90
129.85

40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9

3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.16

155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
325.58

39.9
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.8
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8

3.43
3.64
3.85
4.07
4.38
4.72
5.02
5.39
5.88
6.39

136.86
143.42
151.69
159.54
169.94
182.19
194.27
209.13
228.14
247.93

288.62
318.00
330.26
354.08
374.03
386.37
396.01
406.31
418.81
429.68

39.6
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.2
38.8
38.9

8.87
9.70
10.32
10.79
11.12
11.40
11.70
12.03
12.26
12.60

351.25
382.18
402.48
420.81
438.13
450.30
458.64
471.58
475.69
490.14

38.4
38.5
38.3
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.1
38.1
38.0

6.95
7.55
8.08
8.54
8.88
9.15
9.34
9.59
9.98
10.39

266.88
290.68
309.46
328.79
341.88
351.36
357.72
365.38
380.24
394.82

441.86
455.03
469.86
486.04
506.94
514.59

38.9
38.7
38.9
39.6
39.9
39.5

12.97
13.22
13.45
13.62
13.86
14.23

504.53
511.61
523.21
539.35
553.01
562.09

38.1
38.1
38.2
38.2
38.4
38.3

10.79
11.15
11.39
11.74
12.06
12.43

411.10
424.82
435.10
448.47
463.10
476.07

Weekly
earnings

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

40.7
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6

$2.53
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19

$2.43
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05

$102.97
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51

41.1
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2

3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.70

3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.43

133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
269.34

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

39.7
39.8
38.9
40.1
40.7
40.5
40.7
41.0
41.1
41.0

7.27
7.99
8.49
8.83
9.19
9.54
9.73
9.91
10.19
10.48

7.02
7.72
8.25
8.52
8.82
9.16
9.34
9.48
9.73
10.02

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995

40.8
40.7
41.0
41.4
42.0
41.6

10.83
11.18
11.46
11.74
12.07
12.37

10.37
10.71
10.95
11.18
11.43
11.74

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted

1995:
October
November .
December .
1996:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September*
October"....

41.7
41.9
42.0

$12.43
12.49
12.60

$11.78
11.83
11.93

$518.33
523.33
529.20

39.7
39.5
39.6

$14.46
14.46
14.44

$574.06
571.17
571.82

38.5
38.2
38.3

$12.55
12.53
12.61

$483.18
478.65
482.96

39.8
41.3
41.3
41.2
41.6
41.9
41.1
41.8
42.3
41.9

12.66
12.57
12.54
12.73
12.71
12.75
12.79
12.79
12.90
12.84

12.06
11.97
11.94
12.11
12.08
12.10
12.16
12.11
12.17
12.16

503.87
519.14
517.90
524.48
528.74
534.23
525.67
534.62
545.67
538.00

38.5
39.4
39.5
39.2
39.3
40.1
39.8
40.1
40.4
40.0

14.45
14.45
14.44
14.49
14.43
14.47
14.51
14.55
14.62
14.60

556.33
569.33
570.38
568.01
567.10
580.25
577.50
583.46
590.65
584.00

37.6
38.0
38.1
38.1
38.2
38.8
38.1
38.4
38.6
38.3

12.65
12.66
12.67
12.76
12.72
12.85
12.80
12.82
12.99
12.89

475.64
481.08
482.73
486.16
485.90
498.58
487.68
492.29
501.41
493.69

See footnotes at end of table.




41

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS
B-2. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major Industry, 1964 to date—Continued
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Retail trade
Year and
month

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

$85.79
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70

36.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7

$1.94
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61

$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57

3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.89
5.27

112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.00
190.77

34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7

2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36

96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27

36.2
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
35.9
35.8

5.79
6.31
6.78
7.29
7.63
7.94
8.36
8.73
9.06
9.53

209.60
229.05
245.44
263.90
278.50
289.02
304.30
316.90
325.25
341.17

32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6

5.85
6.41
6.92
7.31
7.59
7.90
8.18
8.49
8.88
9.38

190.71
208.97
225.59
239.04
247.43
256.75
265.85
275.93
289.49
305.79

35.8
35.7
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.9

9.97
10.39
10.82
11.35
11.83
12.33

356.93
370.92
387.36
406.33
423.51
442.65

32.5
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4

9.83
10.23
10.54
10.78
11.04
11.39

319.48
331.45
342.55
350.35
358.80
369.04

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969

37.0
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2

$1.75
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30

$64.75
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66

37.3
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1

$2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93

1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979

33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6

2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53

82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
138.62

36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.2

1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989

30.2
30.1
29.9
29.8
29.8
29.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
28.9

4.88
5.25
5.48
5.74
5.85
5.94
6.03
6.12
6.31
6.53

147.38
158.03
163.85
171.05
174.33
174.64
176.08
178.70
183.62
188.72

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995

28.8
28.6
28.8
28.8
28.9
28.8

6.75
6.94
7.12
7.29
7.49
7.69

194.40
198.48
205.06
209.95
216.46
221.47

Weekly
earnings

Services

Weekly
hours

Hourly
earnings

Weekly
earnings

Annual averages

Monthly data, not seasonally adjusted
1995:
October
November .
December .
1996:
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
August
September"
October

28.8
28.6
29.0

$7.77
7.78
7.80

$223.78
222.51
226.20

36.4
35.6
35.7

$12.53
12.49
12.57

$456.09
444.64
448.75

32.6
32.3
32.3

$11.54
11.57
11.66

$376.20
373.71
376.62

27.5
28.2
28.5
28.4
28.7
29.4
29.4
29.5
29.1
28.8

7.89
7.87
7.90
7.92
7.92
7.97
7.92
7.95
8.06
8.12

216.98
221.93
225.15
224.93
227.30
234.32
232.85
234.53
234.55
233.86

35.5
35.7
35.7
35.6
35.6
36.5
35.5
35.7
36.5
35.4

12.62
12.71
12.74
12.76
12.75
12.76
12.69
12.72
12.89
12.86

448.01
453.75
454.82
454.26
453.90
465.74
450.50
454.10
470.49
455.24

31.8
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.2
32.8
32.5
32.7
32.6
32.3

11.73
11.72
11.72
11.72
11.68
11.67
11.62
11.64
11.90
11.92

373.01
377.38
377.38
377.38
376.10
382.78
377.65
380.63
387.94
385.02

p

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities;
wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate;
and services.




= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1995 benchmark levels.
When more recent
benchmark data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April
1995 forward are subject to revision.

42

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996

1995
Industry
Oct.
Total

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.1

117,749 117,899 118,136 118,070 118,579 118,750 118,922 119,332 119,537 119,77: 120,052 120,017 120,227

Total private

98,410 98,561 98,789 98,734 99,214 99,356 99,527 99,873 100,091 100,288 100,446 100,478 100,728

Goods-producing

24,151 24,133 24,160 24,112 24,254 24,196 24,209 24,263 24,274 24,264 24,298 24,245 24,262

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing

573
51
104
312
106

569
50
103
309
107

570
51
102
310
107

569
51
101
310
107

573
51
102
313
107

574
51
101
314
108

573
51
101
314
107

576
52
101
316
107

575
52
101
314
108

570
52
100
310
108

570
52
99
311
108

568
5;
98
310
108

52
99
310
108

5,200
1,198
755
3,247

5,211
1,200
751
3,260

5,223
1,202
750
3,271

5,234
1,205
741
3,288

5,349
1,218
764
3,367

5,341
1,223
770
3,348

5,353
1,227
765
3,361

5,384
1,229
764
3,391

5,401
1,232
768
3,401

5,427
1,231
769
3,427

5,437
1,23;
770
3,435

5,445
1,233
764
3,448

5,455
1,234
761
3,460

18,378 18,353 18,367 18,309 18,332 18,281 18,283 18,303 18,298 18,267 18,291 18,232 18,238

10,631 10,628 10,667 10,643 10,659 10,623 10,654 10,679 10,696 10,680 10,711 10,676 10,674
Durable goods
761
762
769
770
762
762
763
756
767
764
766
750
755
Lumber and wood products
498
504
504
500
499
499
506
502
500
500
500
503
500
Furniture and fixtures
534
536
535
537
536
538
534
536
536
535
536
532
536
Stone, clay, and glass products
704
708
710
705
706
702
709
708
708
700
704
709
706
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel
238
240
239
239
237
237
237
240
241
240
239
234
products
240
Fabricated metal products
1,439
1,441 1,441 1,442 1,443 1,442 1,440 1,442 1,450 1,454 1,456 1,458 1,460
Industrial machinery and equipment... 2,075 2,079 2,084 2,085 2,083 2,087 2,086 2,087 2,088 2,088 2,089 2,078 2,084
357
357
357
358
358
360
359
357
359
357
355
356
357
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical
1,637
1,640 1,645 1,646 1,652 1,651 1,650 1,652 1,651 1,656 1,654 1,649 1,646
equipment
Electronic components and
614
615
614
611
596
605
614
614
616
615
610
600
609
accessories
1,751
1,737 1,764 1,757 1,759 1,726 1,763 1,774 1,775 1,766 1,784 1,771 1,761
Transportation equipment
955
959
966
959
967
950
967
945
958
956
926
968
Motor vehicles and equipment
957
447
456
421
446
446
453
454
462
417
446
445
449
446
Aircraft and parts
832
831
832
831
835
832
833
832
830
831
832
834
Instruments and related products
831
386
383
387
390
386
385
385
382
390
388
Miscellaneous manufacturing
388
386
389
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....
Leather and leather products
Service-producing

7,747
1,676
42
655
901
688
1,538
1,031
142
971
103

7,725
1,676
42
652
891
686
1,537
1,030
140
969
102

7,700
1,674
41
649
883
685
1,535
1,025
140
967
101

7,666
1,672
41
640
868
684
1,533
1,026
140
964
98

7,673
1,675
41
644
873
682
1,531
1,025
140
963
99

7,658
1,675
41
642
862
681
1,531
1,027
140
960
99

7,629
1,667
41
636
858
677
1,527
1,024
139
962
98

7,624
1,665
41
637
853
679
1,526
1,024
139
963
97

7,602
1,647
41
637
847
676
1,528
1,020
140
969
97

7,587
1,640
40
637
849
672
1,527
1,019
139
968
96

7,580
1,641
39
633
837
673
1,527
1,021
139
976
94

7,556
1,633
40
631
836
673
1,524
1,017
138
971
93

7,564
1,637
40
632
831
674
1,528
1,020
137
972
93

93,598 93,766 93,976 93,958 94,325 94,554 94,713 95,069 95,263 95,508 95,754 95,772 95,965

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger
transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ....

6,212
3,947
236

6,233
3,964
236

6,249
3,977
237

6,254
3,980
235

6,270
3,994
234

6,292
4,011
233

6,294
4,015
233

6,309
4,027
232

6,329
4,045
231

6,333
4,051
229

6,342
4,056
230

6,330
4,045
232

6,337
4,055
231

431
1,872
173
802
14
419
2,265
1,352
913

433
1,878
174
808
14
421
2,269
1,358
911

436
1,874
172
820
14
424
2,272
1,362
910

436
1,874
172
822
14
427
2,274
1,367
907

439
1,879
171
827
14
430
2,276
1,371
905

442
1,884
171
835
14
432
2,281
1,378
903

442
1,882
173
837
14
434
2,279
1,378
901

450
1,891
167
836
14
437
2,282
1,384
898

454
1,891
171
844
14
440
2,284
1,388
896

458
1,888
172
848
14
442
2,282
1,391
891

463
1,882
173
850
14
444
2,286
1,398
888

454
1,875
170
854
14
446
2,285
1,398
887

457
1,869
172
863
14
449
2,282
1,397
885

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,465
3,778
2,687

6,478
3,788
2,690

6,498
3,802
2,696

6,512
3,814
2,698

6,529
3,826
2,703

6,548
3,841
2,707

6,550
3,844
2,706

6,567
3,850
2,717

6,575
3,857
2,718

6,585
3,862
2,723

6,603
3,871
2,732

6,613
3,874
2,739

6,632
3,878
2,754

See footnotes at end of table.




43

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and selected component groups, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(In thousands)

1996

1995
Industry
Oct.

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service

stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores..
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices .
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service
Real estate

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.1

21,263 21,300 21,334 21,268 21,340 21,350 21,415 21,485 21,568 21,671 21,672 21,699 21,761
878
934
917
930
907
896
887
882
880
873
922
923
882
2,681 2,674 2,651 2,674 2,687 2,675 2,719 2,721 2,732 2,745 2,738 2,746
2,700
2,376 2,349 2,348 2,330 2,354 2,363 2,360 2,410 2,408 2,413 2,422 2,415 2,432
3,379 3,395 3,402 3,399 3,401 3,403 3,401 3,413 3,420 3,435 3,442 3,435 3,454

2,206
1,002
1,109
948
7,391
2,657

2,212
1,005
1,111
948
7,413
2,662

2,220
1,008
1,106
945
7,441
2,664

2,227
1,011
1,100
949
7,405
2,655

2,234
1,015
1,099
949
7,440
2,663

2,242
1,020
1,100
951
7,413
2,667

2,253
1,024
1,098
957
7,468
2,667

2,259
1,027
1,100
963
7,455
2,669

2,272
1,030
1,101
972
7,485
2,680

2,285
1,034
1,103
981
7,528
2,685

2,291
1,037
1,098
989
7,489
2,695

2,299
1,037
1,099
993
7,502
2,703

2,305
1,043
1,097
996
7,514
2,715

6,859
3,248
2,019
1,464
270
473
525
231
2,249
1,546

6,871
3,256
2,020
1,465

6,894
3,277
2,022
1,467
266
490
529
236
2,253
1,547

6,919

6,931
3,293
2,020
1,464
265

6,942
3,303
2,023

6,987
3,329
2,030
1,472
265

496
531
238
2,255
1,547

501
532
240
2,257

2,259

514
543
242
2,261

6,999
3,339
2,028
1,471
265
519
548
244
2,259

1,549

241
2,256
1,549

6,964
3,315
2,026
1,468
267
507
538
244
2,261
1,552

6,967
3,319
2,029
1,469
268
509

2,249
1,546

6,887
3,266
2,020
1,465
267
484
528
234
2,251
1,546

1,551

1,553

1,551

7,003
3,337
2,026
1,472
261
521
547
243
2,264
1,553

7,029
3,352
2,036
1,478
260
523
550
243
2,267
1,556

703
1,362

703
1,366

705
1,370

706
1,364

708
1,376

708
1,381

707
1,383

709
1,388

708
1,389

708
1,397

708
1,401

711
1,402

711
1,410

268
478
526
232

3,288
2,023
1,467
266

1,467
265
505
534

541
240

33,460 33,546 33,661 33,694 33,902 34,039 34,117 34,285 34,378 34,448 34,532 34,588 34,707
Services1
616
618
584
605
615
619
619
606
603
602
591
584
593
Agricultural services
1,656 1,648 1,648 1,652 1,657 1,662 1,673 1,681 1,704 1,690 1,684 1,682 1,684
Hotels and other lodging places
1,166 1,164 1,167 1,170 1,174 1,175 1,179 1,184 1,174 1,174 1,179 1,180 1,188
Personal services
6,900 6,922 6,963 6,942 7,026 7,058 7,085 7,151 7,188 7,225 7,269 7,277 7,279
Business services
891
888
895
893
903
893
898
888
899
899
887
892
883
Services to buildings
2,511 2,518 2,534 2,510 2,552 2,565 2,569 2,622 2,648 2,668 2,696 2,708 2,694
Personnel supply services
2,221 2,226 2,239 2,216 2,254 2,265 2,272 2,322 2,352 2,368 2,393 2,402 2,391
Help supply services
Computer and data processing
1,116 1,125 1,137 1,140 1,148 1,155 1,169 1,184 1,195 1,206 1,218 1,227 1,241
services
1,035 1,039 1,047 1,051 1,059 1,066 1,072 1,078 1,085 1,096 1,105 1,105 1,117
Auto repair, services, and parking
367
366
365
364
366
361
366
363
359
358
359
358
355
Miscellaneous repair services
543
524
535
529
532
524
506
517
508
518
515
513
503
Motion pictures
1,471
1,473 1,490 1,505 1,518 1,516 1,516 1,504 1,514 1,515 1,506 1,544
1,472
Amusement and recreation services
9,347 9,383 9,412 9,427 9,463 9,499 9,520 9,555 9,5651 9,576 9,591 9,621 9,645
Health services
1,623 1,630 1,635 1,638 1,644 1,650 1,659 1,668 1,674 1,677 1,681 1,687 1,693
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
1,707 1,712 1,715 1,718 1,722 1,728 1,733 1,740 1,744 1,747 1,749 1,750 1,755
Nursing and personal care facilities....
3,802 3,810 3,818 3,822 3,833 3,842 3,844 3,851 3,847 3.849 3,849 3,863 3,869
Hospitals
663
658
658
657
658
656
658
655
653
645
650
648
641
Home health care facilities
936
933
929
929
933
935
926
928
927
924
924
9251
923
Legal services
Educational services
1,974 1,975 1,978 1,969i 1,985 1,991 1,994 1,987 2,001 2,017 2,014 1,996 2,017
2,352 2,355 2,360 2,362| 2,372 2,381 2,389 2,401 2,395 2,390 2,392 2,407 2,418
Social services
577
569
571
577
570
568
569
568
567
569
568
567
567
Child day care services
671
673
669!
663
665
672
661
656
654
649
651
646
Residential care
646
Museums and botanical and zoological
84
86
85
85
85
85
84
83
83
82
83
82
81
gardens
2,136 2,135 2,137 2,136 2,137 2,147 2,148 2,146 2,154 2,151 2,151
2,133
2,126
Membership organizations
2,795 2,810 2,821 2,833 2,847 2,868 2,863 2,885 2,897 2,893 2,906 2,926 2,931
Engineering and management services
856
854
838
844
848
848
834
829
827
824
825
825
821
Engineering and architectural services
924
918
897
903!
907
894
900
893
881
8731
860
865
852
Management and public relations
Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

19,339 19,338 19,347 19,336 19,365 19,394 19,395 19,459 19,446 19,484 19,606 19,539 19,499
2,801 2,796 2,790 2,783 2,780 2,780 2,776 2,776 2,756 2,752 2,739 2,741 2,733
1,953 1,946 1,939 1,930 1,926 1,922 1,919 1,918 1,906 1,897 1,888 1,885 1,878
4,636 4,634 4,634 4,625 4,636 4,639 4,643 4,655 4,654 4,659 4,674 4,677 4,648
1,935 1,937 1,939 1,933 1,945 1,951 1,956 1,963 1,968 1,981 1,984 1,990 1,967
2,701 2,697 2,695 2,692 2,691 2,688 2,687 2,692 2,686 2,678 2,690 2,687 2,681
11,902 11,908 11,923 11,928 11,949 11,975 11,976 12,028 12,036 12,073 12,193 12,121 12,118
6,629 6,641 6,649 6,646 6,659 6,675 6,682 6,690 6,719 6,768 6,862 6,782 6,774
5,273 5,267 5,274 5,282 5,290 5,300 5,294 5,338 5,317 5,305 5,331 5,339 5,344

1

March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from

p




44

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-4. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996

1995
Industry
Aug.

Total
Total private

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

56,771 56,899 56,960 57,039 57,134 57,014 57,315 57,419 57,508 57,681 57,816 57,974 58,129
46,165 46,280 46,327 46,409 46,491 46,384 46,653 46,739 46,820 46,969 47,118 47,230 47,294

6,629

6,622

6,608

6,605

6,594

6,568

6,583

6,573

6,559

6,562

6,562

6,560

6,554

80

80

80

79

79

79

79

79

79

79

79

78

77

577

580

581

584

587

591

595

598

599

602

606

610

612

5,972

5,962

5,947

5,942

5,928

5,898

5,909

5,896

5,881

5,881

5,877

5,872

5,865

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

2,804
127
156
103
100
316
444
678
362

2,806
127
157
103
100
315
445
681
361

2,805
128
157
102
100
316
448
683
355

2,808
128
156
103
100
316
450
684
355

2,809
128
156
102
100
316
451
685
355

2,808
127
156
102
100
317
452
685
354

2,810
128
156
102
100
316
451
686
356

2,804
129
156
101
100
316
451
686
350

2,807
129
155
101
100
316
451
685
356

2,808
130
155
101
100
318
450
684
356

2,817
132
156
101
102
318
452
684
358

2,815
132
158
100
99
320
452
686
355

2,824
132
157
101
101
321
453
682
364

O

O

O

O

0

0

O

O

0

O

O

O

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,168
550

Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

174

12
311
695
165
692
328
25
332
58

O

173

173

174

174

173

173

173

172

172

172

172

172

3,156
552
12
309
687
165
691
328
24
330
58

3,142
553
12
307
677
164
690
327
24
330
58

3,134
553
12
306
671
164
691
326
24
330
57

3,119
551
12
304
664
164
691
324
24
329
56

3,090
547
12
298
651
164
687
325
24
327
55

3,099
549
12
302
654
164
687
325
24
327
55

3,092
551
12
301
647
163
687
326
24
326
55

3,074
544
13
298
642
162
686
325
23
327
54

3,073
547
13
298
637
163
687
323
24
328
53

3,060
538
13
298
631
163
689
322
24
328
54

3,057
536
12
296
633
162
689
322
24
331
52

3,041
534
11
294
619
162
691
322
24
332
52

50,142 50,277 50,352 50,434 50,540 50,446 50,732 50,846 50,949 51,119 51,254 51,414 51,575

Transportation and public utilities

1,832

1,841

1,846

1,856

1,866

1,872

1,883

1,891

1,896

1,901

1,909

1,912

1,916

Wholesale trade

1,979

1,986

1,989

1,997

2,003

2,008

2,014

2,019

2,018

2,019

2,031

2,035

2,043

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate

11,192 11,207 11,209 11,211 11,218 11,152 11,236 11,243 11,268 11,309 11,364 11,421 11,411
4,310

4,317

4,326

4,336

4,342

4,348

4,360

4,369

4,377

4,395

4,395

4,405

4,410

Services

20,223 20,307 20,349 20,404 20,468 20,436 20,577 20,644 20,702 20,783 20,857 20,897 20,960

Government
Federal
State
Local

10,606 10,619 10,633 10,630 10,643 10,630 10,662 10,680 10,688 10,712 10,698 10,744 10,835
1,178 1,176 1,175 1,170 1,170 1,169 1,171
1,185 1,181
1,160 1,155
1,170 1,161
2,345 2,344 2,361
2,340 2,344 2,346 2,347 2,348 2,332 2,348 2,347 2,354 2,341
7,094 7,109 7,107 7,120 7,128 7,144 7,164 7,163 7,201
7,192 7,240 7,319
7,081

1
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components,
cannot be separated with sufficient precision.




45

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-5. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally
adjusted
(In thousands)
1995

1996

Industry
Oct.

Total private
Goods-producing

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept."

Oct.'

80,585 80,703 80,907 80,706 81,303 81,378 81,550 81,807 82,016 82,209 82,331 82,321 82,516
17,144 17,132 17,162 17,131 17,270 17,186 17,203 17,228 17,247 17,241 17,262 17,224

17,232

419

416

417

419

425

426

425

428

428

423

425

423

423

4,018

4,026

4,037

4,056

4,174

4,141

4,154

4,169

4,185

4,204

4,211

4,213

4,214

12,707

12,690

12,708

12,656 12,671 12,619 12,624 12,631 12,634 12,614 12,626 12,588

12,595

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7,272
626
398
416
549
183
1,080
1,299
1,047
1,170
759
(2)
273

7,270
625
398
415
551
184
1,081
1,302
1,050
1,159
745
(2)
276

7,309
627
399
415
551
183
1,081
1,306
1,052
1,190
758
(2)
276

7,288
615
397
412
552
183
1,082
1,304
1,052
1,188
757
(2)
274

7,298
620
396
417
550
183
1,082
1,302
1,055
1,189
758
(2)
275

7,263
620
394
417
550
183
1,083
1,301
1,052
1,160
729
(2)
274

7,289
625
392
415
547
183
1,080
1,301
1,054
1,191
754
(2)
272

7,300
627
397
416
548
184
1,082
1,302
1,054
1,188
760
(2)
272

7,326
630
395
417
552
184
1,089
1,301
1,051
1,205
765
(2)
273

7,313
629
398
416
545
183
1,092
1,301
1,056
1,195
752
(2)
271

7,339
633
396
418
551
183
1,097
1,302
1,052
1,208
772
270

269

7,313
634
395
420
548
180
1,098
1,298
1,047
1,188
745
(2)
269

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

5,435
1,236
32
553
744
522
842
580
92
754
80

5,420
1,237
32
551
734
520
843
579
89
755
80

5,399
1,236
32
548
725
519
841
577
90
752
79

5,368
1,235
31
539
713
519
839
577
90
748
77

5,373
1,237
32
545
718
517
837
574
90
746
77

5,356
1,238
32
543
707
516
837
572
90
745
76

5,335
1,232
32
538
705
513
834
571
89
745
76

5,331
1,234
31
539
700
513
833
569
90
747
75

5,308
1,216
32
538
695
511
834
567
90
750
75

5,301
1,211
31
538
698
509
834
565
90
751
74

5,287
1,209
29
536
686
511
834
564
90
756
72

5,277
1,204
31
534
685
512
832
563
90
754
72

5,282
1,210
31
536
679
515
832
564
89
753
73

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

63,441 63,571

0

7,311
629
397
417
549
182
1,094
1,293
1,050
1,200
758

63,745 63,575 64,033 64,192 64,347 64,579 64,769 64,968 65,069 65,097 65,284

Transportation and public utilities

5,207

5,229

5,243

5,245

5,275

5,287

5,292

5,304

5,317

5,324

5,326

5,329

5,324

Wholesale trade

5,235

5,244

5,257

5,267

5,281

5,295

5,296

5,311

5,312

5,320

5,337

5,340

5,355

18,758 18,647 18,780 18,791 18,859 18,916 18,980 19,057 19,051 19,066

19,130

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

18,699 18,722
5,003

5,011

5,021

5,027

5,061

5,068

5,085

5,087

5,101

5,107

5,109

5,133

29,297 29,365 29,466 29,389 29,651 29,758 29,832 29,963 30,073 30,166 30,248 30,253 30,342

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal
component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular




5,046

46

components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DIFFUSION INDEXES
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

1

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries
Over 1-month span:
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996

43.7
60.0
58.8
63.2
52.4

43.7
60.8
62.1
59.3
63.2

50.0
51.3
66.0
54.9
60.0

57.3
58.6
64.2
54.6
52.4

55.5
61.7
60.3
51.4
62.2

50.1
55.2
63.5
55.1
57.4

52.2
57.7
61.5
54.1
55.8

49.0
57.0
62.1
57.4
57.3

52.1
61.8
60.8
51.6
P49.7

56.3
59.7
61.5
54.8
P60.1

53.2
61.8
63.1
56.3

57.4
59.6
63.9
59.4

Over 3-month span:
1992
1993 . . .
1994
1995
1996

39.7
63.8
67.1
66.6
60.7

41.9
61.2
69.5
63.2
61.8

49.7
61.1
70.4
56.9
61.2

57.0
59.8
68.7
53.4
60.0

58.4
63.1
66.4
54.2
61.0

55.8
62.9
66.0
52.9
63.6

50.6
59.7
68.5
56.6
60.3

50.1
63.1
69.5
53.8
P55.2

52.8
64.5
65.3
54.2
P58.8

54.4
67.1
65.6
54.6

57.6
64.6
68.0
58.3

61.2
63.5
67.8
57.0

Over 6-month span:
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996

43.3
63.3
70.8
66.3
60.3

46.8
65.2
71.6
60.8
62.9

47.5
63.8
69.0
58.7
63.8

52.5
64.2
69.8
54.4
63.8

54.9
62.4
69.5
53.5
62.6

56.7
65.9
69.5
54.1
P58.7

53.8
65.7
69.2
53.1
P64.5

52.2
63.9
69.0
56.3

55.5
66.3
69.2
55.9

57.6
67.3
68.5
54.1

63.9
70.6
69.1
56.2

61.9
69.5
66.6
61.8

Over 12-month span:
1992
1993 .
1994
1995
1996

47.2
64.9
70.2
62.6
61.0

42.3
63.9
71.6
60.8
61.7

42.7
64.0
71.8
60.1
P61.2

44.1
65.4
71.8
61.2
P60.8

48.0
67.0
72.1
58.1

52.5
67.6
71.8
57.7

55.8
67.6
71.5
54.5

60.7
67.0
72.1
58.7

59.7
70.2
70.1
58.6

61.4
69.5
69.4
57.3

62.9
69.2
65.7
59.4

62.9
70.1
65.0
59.8

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996

37.4
52.5
56.5
56.8
42.1

39.9
56.5
60.1
55.0
48.2

43.9
50.7
59.7
46.0
48.2

56.8
45.7
58.6
45.3
39.6

50.0
54.0
53.2
39.2
53.2

48.9
45.7
57.9
40.3
49.6

52.2
49.3
57.6
45.0
43.9

44.6
49.3
53.6
45.0
50.0

47.5
59.4
55.8
42.4
P42.1

47.8
53.2
54.7
45.3
P54.0

51.4
53.6
57.2
46.4

54.7
55.0
59.4
47.5

Over 3-month span:
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996

29.9
60.8
63.7
60.4
38.8

33.5
58.3
64.4
51 8
39.9

43.9
53.2
662
43 s
37.8

49.6
47.8
60.8
34.9
43.2

55.4
48.9
56.1
33.1
45.3

53.2
54.0
56.8
32.0
47.5

46.8
50.4
60.8
33.1
45.7

47.8
58.3
58.6
35.6
P39.2

45.7
57.6
54.0
38.8
P49.3

47.5
59.7
56.1
39.6

51.1
54.7
60.1
40.6

54.7
57.6
60.8
38.8

Over 6-month span:
1992 . . .
1993
1994
1995
1996

32.4
56.5
62.2
55.4
32.0

34.9
59.0
64.4
45.0
37.4

39.9
56.8
60.4
38.5
37.1

46.8
55.4
61.5
33.5
38.1

52.2
50.7
59.0
27.7
42.4

54.3
57.9
56.8
28.8
P38.1

48.2
59.4
56.5
28.8
P46.8

47.8
56.5
57.2
30.6

51.1
57.6
60.1
33.5

51.1
58.6
55.8
33.1

56.8
64.4
59.7
34.2

56.5
60.8
55.8
38.8

Over 12-month span:
1992
1993
1994 . . .
1995
1996

42.4
56.8
57.9
42.1
33.1

36.7
57.9
58.6
40.3
33.1

36.3
55.8
60.8
39.9
P33.8

36.0
58.6
60.8
40.6
P33.8

39.6
57.2
60.8
34.5

45.7
57.6
63.3
31.7

50.0
58.6
59.4
25.9

55.8
59.0
60.1
28.8

57.9
61.2
57.2
28.1

56.8
59.7
55.8
24.1

58.3
60.1
49.6
27.0

56.5
57.6
47.5
29.1

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent




indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment. Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data (beginning April 1995) and all seasonally
adjusted data (beginning January 1992) are subject to revision.

47

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
1996

1995
State
Sept.

Oct.

I

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.
Total

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.P

1

1,815.9 1,815.0 1,814.8 1,813.2 1,816.2 1,812.9 1,816.0 1,816.3 1,815.8 1,819.2 1,821.1
266.9
264.7
265.5
263.8
263.2
263.5
263.7
264.0
264.7
261.8
260.9
1,804.9 1,813.2 1,822.8 1,835.1 1,839.8 1,843.6 1,851.8 1,854.9 1,858.7 1,872.5 1,870.7
1,077.5 1,080.8 1,080.4 1,080.4 1,082.1 1,080.1 1,080.9 1,086.2 1,086.5 1,089.2 1,091.9
12,555.3 12,570.6 12,590.1 12,621.5 12,635.9 12,649.6 12,701.2 12,734.8 12,755.6 12,789.9 12,820.4

1,811.9
263.0
1,795.2
1,074.9
12,532.1

1,813.8
263.6
1,795.3
1,075.7
12,532.3

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

1,857.9
1,569.7
369.0
642.6
6,059.7

1,861.3
1,568.0
368.4
640.2
6,059.6

1,870.4
1,563.1
369.1
638.4
6,082.1

1,879.6
1,562.7
371.0
637.7
6,100.8

1,885.7
1,565.2
365.7
629.9
6,089.2

1,888.5
1,576.1
374.1
634.2
6,109.9

1,897.0
1,576.8
372.5
633.9
6,142.9

1,896.3
1,575.0
378.1
633.6
6,126.8

1,907.9
1,576.5
377.9
632.3
6,146.2

1,896.4
1,576.5
377.6
632.8
6,167.2

1,892.6
1,581.3
375.0
628.5
6,175.4

1,893.4
1,583.6
374.7
629.7
6,186.4

1,890.9
1,584.9
375.1
626.5
6,225.0

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

3,447.6
531.5
478.3
5,625.5
2,794.0

3,462.1
531.0
481.9
5,629.1
2,794.2

3,475.9
530.6
482.9
5,635.7
2,794.7

3,483.2
529.5
484.8
5,643.8
2,797.9

3,481.0
527.7
485.0
5,666.0
2,796.7

3,498.8
530.6
485.6
5,668.8
2,800.7

3,513.6
529.2
488.3
5,682.4
2,802.3

3,521.1
527.5
493.8
5,685.7
2,797.8

3,538.7
529.5
498.9
5,685.3
2,806.7

3,551.9
529.2
501.2
5,691.7
2,792.9

3,601.5
527.3
502.2
5,698.1
2,775.5

3.559.7
527.4
504.4
5,712.4
2,785.9

3,547.4
525.1
503.8
5,706.7
2,812.9

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

1,360.5
1,204.3
1,648.2
1,790.5
542.8

1,365.0
1,215.1
1,650.7
1.793.5
543.7

1,367.7
1,211.1
1,652.9
1,794.9
544.6

1,373.8
1,218.9
1,658.6
1,795.4
545.4

1,372.8
1,226.1
1,651.0
1,799.9
544.3

1,370.7
1,225.0
1,657.5
1,801.7
544.8

1,378.5
1,226.5
1,660.6
1,799.9
544.5

1,374.6
1,221.8
1,663.9
1,798.9
542.5

1,374.3
1,226.6
1,672.4
1,801.4
542.0

1,381.1
1,225.4
1,676.9
1,803.4
542.5

1,377.3
1,227.4
1,670.5
1,800.6
540.4

1,379.9
1,230.2
1,673.5
1,802.9
542.2

1,381.0
1,229.4
1,678.4
1,806.0
543.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

2,186.0
2,990.8
4,253.9
2,382.7
1,078.2

2,183.2
2,994.1
4,272.2
2,385.4
1,077.3

2,184.1
2,997.9
4,266.0
2,391.5
1,073.9

2,183.2
3,001.5
4,292.1
2,390.8
1,077.7

2,165.8
3,000.1
4,293.4
2,393.2
1,078.4

2,191.2
3,007.4
4,296.8
2,400.3
1,077.1

2,197.4
3,011.1
4,293.1
2,409.3
1,078.8

2.193.3
3,007.7
4,297.1
2,410.8
1,079.5

2,191.8
3,016.6
4,320.8
2,417.5
1,082.4

2,191.1
3,020.6
4,333.3
2,426.8
1,080.7

2,194.0
3,025.4
4,306.3
2,431.8
1,075.1

2,196.1
3,028.9
4,338.3
2,437.5
1,079.6

2,194.3
3,030.9
4,348.3
2,438.3
1,069.5

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire ....

2,527.7
351.9
818.2
804.7
542.8

2,533.5
352.3
817.9
809.0
542.5

2,538.1
352.7
817.7
814.3
545.3

2,545.8
353.3
819.8
817.3
546.1

2,548.2
352.0
818.9
823.2
542.4

2,553.0
355.4
822.7
827.0
544.7

2.561.0
356.2
824.6
831.5
545.2

2,559.3
356.6
827.8
833.6
547.5

2,560.4
358.9
829.9
838.0
549.3

2,558.0
359.6
825.6
846.1
549.8

2,560.0
358.9
826.0
851.3
551.3

2,556.7
360.1
830.2
851.9
550.1

2,566.3
360.0
832.5
858.1
546.9

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

3,617.0
691.8
7,879.2
3,475.7
302.8

3,619.7
695.4
7,889.8
3,478.0
303.4

3,621.0
700.2
7,895.2
3,481.2
305.3

3,622.3
703.6
7,903.9
3,483.3
305.3

3,595.8
707.0
7,879.1
3,456.0
304.7

3,623.5
709.0
7,909.8
3,495.0
305.6

3,630.5
710.9
7,921.3
3,503.7
307.4

3,632.0
710.8
7,920.8
3,501.1
307.2

3,638.2
714.2
7,934.8
3,512.1
309.9

3,641.9
720.5
7,931.6
3,514.8
309.6

3,642.2
718.1
7,928.0
3,503.5
309.7

3,643.1
719.2
7,934.5
3,516.0
310.5

3,647.0
716.1
7,944.8
3,520.6
310.7

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

5,255.4
1,319.4
1,431.8
5,254.0
442.7

5,266.3
1,325.7
1,434.5
5,257.5
443.2

5,277.8
1,332.2
1,437.9
5,253.9
443.2

5,287.5
1,336.8
1,444.7
5,253.1
443.9

5,283.8
1,334.0
1,457.0
5,202.7
443.8

5,294.0
1.334.1
1,453.8
5,258.3
445.0

5,292.9
1,341.6
1,459.4
5,272.9
445.3

5,298.2
1,340.7
1,464.1
5,270.0
442.9

5,310.6
1,346.3
1,466.9
5,281.6
444.5

5,318.4
1,345.4
1,469.8
5,280.0
443.7

5,314.5
1,345.7
1,477.8
5,282.9
440.1

5,324.6
1,353.9
1,483.8
5,288.3
443.5

5,312.6
1,356.9
1,491.0
5,279.3
444.0

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

1,660.2
345.7
2,522.4
8,065.8
919.6

1,657.6
347.4
2,527.1
8,111.2
922.8

1,659.6
348.7
2,535.6
8,141.0
926.4

1,659.4
349.6
2,546.6
8,171.7
931.4

1,655.5
351.1
2,543.1
8,158.9
933.3

1,658.9
351.8
2,546.5
8,171.6
937.9

1,662.0
352.8
2,574.8
8,195.6
944.8

1,668.8
352.6
2,551.0
8,217.2
952.6

1,671.6
354.4
2,553.0
8,247.4
954.1

1,686.4
353.9
2,558.4
8,267.0
959.3

1,684.4
354.2
2,555.9
8,282.4
960.4

1,690.9
353.6
2,562.9
8,300.8
964.9

1,690.6
352.4
2,573.6
8,311.7
970.9

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

271.0
3,067.4
2,357.6
689.2
2,561.7
220.1

272.7
3,081.5
2,340.2
693.1
2,564.6
221.0

272.2
3,084.5
2,342.9
692.5
2,566.2
220.1

272.6
3,085.6
2,367.1
692.0
2,568.5
221.4

272.9
3,065.6
2,363.6
686.1
2,576.8
222.6

273.0
3,099.5
2,368.5
693.8
2,564.2
222.8

273.5
3,111.7
2,381.0
696.2
2,574.6
223.3

274.2
3,102.9
2,382.9
696.1
2,569.1
222.5

273.2
3,107.3
2,393.2
708.9
2,581.3
221.1

274.2
3,114.9
2,401.1
700.8
2,585.1
222.1

274.9
3,122.3
2,413.1
698.3
2,586.9
220.4

275.1
3,127.6
2.423.7
697.3
2,596.1
220.8

276.5
3,130.2
2,431.7
696.9
2,594.0
222.9

See footnotes at end of table.




48

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1995

1996

State
Sept.

I

Oct.

I

Nov.

I

Dec.

Jan.

|

Feb.

|

Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June |

July

|

Aug.

| Sept.P

Construction
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

87.5
13.0
117.9
45.5
500.7

87.7
13.0
118.0
45.0
501.3

87.9
13.1
119.0
44.9
505.6

87.7
12.9
120.6
45.2
505.7

89.6
12.8
122.6
45.3
512.7

88.5
12.9
124.6
46.2
503.7

88.9
12.4
122.7
46.7
496.1

88.3
12.8
123.0
46.5
499.6

88.3
13.4
123.2
46.4
504.5

87.8
13.7
122.5
46.6
511.3

87.5
13.3
123.5
47.1
515.5

88.2
13.5
124.5
47.6
520.9

88.4
13.3
123.7
48.0
528.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

103.6
50.6
19.2
9.1
302.1

103.7
51.3
19.0
9.1
301.7

105.3
50.9
19.0
9.0
305.4

108.4
51.0
19.1
8.9
306.7

110.5
51.8
18.3
8.2
307.4

113.4
53.7
19.3
8.7
311.9

114.6
54.3
19.9
9.1
312.3

112.2
54.2
20.4
9.1
312.3

112.3
54.6
20.3
9.2
312.2

112.6
55.5
20.3
8.9
312.2

111.7
54.8
20.2
9.1
309.7

112.5
54.4
20.6
9.1
309.8

112.2
54.2
20.7
9.1
310.8

Georgia
Hawaii2
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

156.4
26.1
30.0
218.3
128.5

158.4
26.3
30.8
217.3
127.1

159.7
26.2
31.0
214.5
125.4

159.7
26.0
31.3
216.2
127.3

160.8
25.5
31.5
219.0
128.7

163.7
24.9
32.1
217.1
130.2

164.1
24.7
32.7
218.7
130.7

163.5
24.7
33.8
217.4
131.7

164.2
24.4
34.9
213.1
131.9

163.0
24.2
34.4
217.4
134.8

161.0
24.1
34.4
218.6
135.3

158.9
24.1
34.6
218.4
133.4

159.2
23.7
34.5
218.0
133.6

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

55.4
51.6
73.3
107.9
22.0

55.7
52.8
72.0
110.2
22.2

55.9
53.2
71.8
109.7
22.3

58.5
53.8
72.0
109.1
22.4

56.0
56.9
71.4
112.6
22.3

56.3
57.5
73.0
112.6
22.1

56.7
57.9
73.7
113.1
22.0

56.5
57.6
74.3
111.5
21.8

55.4
56.3
75.0
111.1
21.7

56.4
56.3
74.7
112.3
21.5

56.7
56.0
75.4
112.3
21.9

56.9
55.6
75.4
113.2
22.1

57.2
55.8
74.8
112.9
22.3

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

126.5
90.5
155.0
83.9
45.3

126.3
90.7
156.0
83.5
46.1

126.3
90.7
155.3
83.0
45.6

126.4
90.8
159.5
83.3
46.6

117.6
90.3
160.1
82.2
47.7

127.7
93.1
160.6
83.0
47.2

130.6
92.0
163.7
83.3
49.2

129.2
92.6
164.4
82.4
49.5

127.6
93.0
167.4
83.2
50.2

126.8
93.6
168.6
85.2
51.2

125.8
93.2
170.1
86.5
52.0

126.3
93.3
169.1
86.7
50.2

126.6
93.1
169.1
86.7
50.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

110.2
16.7
35.0
64.7
20.0

110.5
16.2
34.8
66.6
19.9

111.0
16.0
34.7
67.7
20.3

111.5
16.1
34.7
69.0
20.2

113.1
16.1
34.5
69.3
20.2

112.9
16.4
34.5
70.0
20.0

114.1
16.2
35.2
70.2
19.8

114.8
16.4
35.1
70.6
19.7

111.8
16.5
34.8
71.2
19.9

110.1
16.4
35.1
72.7
20.2

111.9
16.2
35.2
73.5
20.0

111.2
15.8
35.4
74.7
20.2

110.8
15.4
35.1
75.8
20.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

123.5
46.2
250.8
176.4
13.6

123.2
46.5
250.2
176.4
13.4

123.5
47.2
249.7
176.1
13.6

123.1
48.2
249.3
176.6
13.6

119.4
48.3
242.7
166.5
13.8

123.5
49.1
246.5
177.9
13.7

124.6
49.4
247.4
179.7
14.1

125.0
50.2
250.5
179.1
14.3

124.4
50.3
254.5
178.6
15.2

124.4
50.0
254.7
180.9
15.0

123.7
49.3
257.3
181.7
15.5

123.0
49.0
258.7
182.1
15.8

123.3
48.4
260.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

206.4
48.2
69.5

208.1
48.6
70.5
199.3
13.7

209.8
49.0
69.8
198.5
13.5

208.5
49.4
72.7
195.4
13.8

210.2
49.0
73.4
199.5
13.8

213.5
49.2
72.7
203.3
13.7

214.6
49.7
74.3
200.2
13.3

214.6
49.7
73.8
198.7
13.7

214.7
49.3
74.6
201.7
14.3

213.7
49.4
76.2
203.4
14.4

212.1
49.8
76.8
202.1
13.6

212.0
49.6
77.2

201.1
13.4

207.7
48.0
69.7
200.7
13.8

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

87.0
14.2
109.2
411.7
56.4

86.6
14.2
109.4
418.4
57.1

86.6
14.3
109.2
420.1
57.3

86.4
14.4
109.4
423.0
57.9

87.3
14.8
111.8
426.0
58.1

88.4
14.8
112.2
425.9
59.1

88.3
14.7
115.6
426.5
62.7

89.0
14.7
115.5
426.0
62.8

88.9
14.6
114.6
429.5
62.0

89.9
14.6
116.7
429.0
61.8

89.7
15.0
117.6
429.2
62.1

89.7
14.3
117.6
429.8
63.2

89.4
14.3
118.1
433.2
64.0

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

12.0
167.2
122.6
32.3
101.9
14.3

12.4
167.8
123.2
32.8
102.5
14.3

12.2
169.7
123.0
32.8
101.9
14.3

12.1
170.9
123.2
32.8
101.3
14.7

12.5
162.8
123.2
28.9
100.9
15.3

12.3
170.4
123.2
32.7
98.5
15.4

12.9
173.2
124.7
32.7
102.1
15.4

12.8
170.3
123.7
33.1
102.8
14.7

12.9
171.7
124.0
33.4
104.8
13.7

13.1
172.5
125.3
33.6
106.1
14.4

13.1
171.7
125.0
33.6
109.0
13.8

13.3
171.3
125.6
34.4
110.6
14.0

13.8
171.8
126.2
35.2
109.4
14.5

See footnotes at end of table.




49

182.7
15.6

203.1
13.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1995

1996

State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.P

Manufacturing
389.0
17.1
193.2
258.2
1,798.3

388.3
18.0
193.7
257.9
1,800.5

388.4
18.4
194.3
258.6
1,799.8

387.1
18.4
195.3
258.8
1,801.3

385.5
16.3
196.0
258.1
1,801.7

384.9
19.1
197.3
257.4
1,803.9

380.9
17.8
197.4
256.6
1,807.1

378.5
15.7
197.8
255.2
1,807.1

378.9
15.2
198.1
254.0
1,814.9

377.7
15.4
197.9
254.1
1.817.7

378.1
16.2
198.6
253.3
1,825.0

376.6
15.6
198.9
254.3
1,828.9

376.9
17.2
200.4
254.9
1,827.7

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

192.5
279.5
61.0
13.0
481.8

192.7
279.2
61.5
13.0
481.6

192.8
278.3
61.1
13.0
481.7

192.5
277.7
61.1
13.0
481.5

193.5
277.3
57.3
12.8
479.9

193.7
278.0
61.5
12.9
480.2

194.2
278.2
57.6
12.9
480.2

194.6
277.3
62.5
13.0
479.3

194.9
277.2
61.4
12.8
479.2

195.0
276.6
61.1
13.0
480.5

195.6
277.5
59.1
13.0
480.4

195.8
278.3
57.2
13.0
480.0

195.6
274.5
57.2
12.8
479.7

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

587.3
16.9
70.6
968.8
683.7

585.4
17.1
72.0
967.9

586.0
17.0
71.6
968.4
684.0

586.0
17.0
72.0
970.3
683.5

5B6.9
16.9
71.9
977.8
680.9

588.4
16.7
72.0
977.8
681.7

588.1
16.5
73.0
978.4
678.9

587.0
16.5
73.4
979.1
677.7

586.9
16.5
73.4
979.2
678.3

586.9
16.6
73.7
980.4
677.5

588.8
16.5
74.0
979.0
666.7

590.0
16.3
74.4
977.7
680.2

589.1
16.2
74.4
975.5
679.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

249.9
192.6
313.8
188.6
91.2

250.0
194.0
314.3
188.7
91.1

250.4
187.0
314.4
188.7
91.3

250.9
194.1
315.3
188.8
90.9

251.1
195.1
314.2
188.9
91.0

249.3
195.2
314.8
189.5
90.4

250.0
194.8
314.1
187.4
90.1

250.5
194.9
313.0
190.0
89.7

248.5
195.1
312.6
190.8
89.2

248.2
195.1
312.1
190.2

246.9
196.2
309.3
190.4
88.1

248.1
197.4
308.5
189.8
88.6

249.5
197.9
308.9
189.7
88.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

174.9
444.3
969.0
426.5
255.0

173.5
445.6
973.1
426.4
253.9

174.9
446.1
958.8
427.2
251.2

174.3
447.1
971.6
426.8
251.1

172.6
446.3
972.3
427.4
249.5

174.2
446.2
967.8
427.0
247.5

173.9
444.8
946.2
428.6
244.9

174.1
443.4
959.0
429.4
245.7

174.7
443.5
961.1
427.8
245.0

174.3
444.0
966.0
428.4
243.0

173.9
444.2
954.1
429.7
242.7

173.6
442.9
970.7
429.6
242.3

174.0
441.4
970.0
430.3
240.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

421.7
23.0
112.1
37.3
101.7

421.0
23.0
111.8
37.6
101.3

420.4
23.1
111.6
38.0
101.8

420.9
23.1
111.5
38.1
102.1

422.8
23.3
112.4
38.6
101.7

422.6
23.1
112.3
38.7
101.8

420.3
23.5
112.5
38.7
101.8

421.1
23.6
113.2
38.6
101.6

420.7
23.6
113.4
38.7
101.9

414.5
23.7
113.0
38.9
101.6

416.0
23.7
112.7
38.8
102.3

412.3
23.8
113.5
38.9
101.5

409.8
23.6
113.2
39.2
101.1

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

497.4
45.2
944.5
857.4
21.0

495.4
45.6
943.6
854.6
21.0

493.7
45.9
943.2
853.1
21.5

492.4
46.0
943.8
851.7
21.4

488.1
46.1
943.9
844.2
21.0

492.8
46.2
943.2
849.1
21.0

492.4
46.5
939.6
846.5
21.1

490.5
46.6
936.6
842.1
21.2

491.2
46.6
935.7
845.2
21.6

488.7
47.0
934.8
842.4
21.5

489.6
46.5
933.5
842.1
21.3

488.1
47.5
930.9
839.8
21.5

485.6
47.0
927.7
838.7
21.9

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,101.1
169.2
228.3
935.8
84.5

1,103.4
169.8
228.0
935.4
84.0

1,101.0
170.2
229.0
933.8
83.6

1,099.8
170.1
229.5
931.3
83.3

1,096.2
167.5
232.4
920.7
83.2

1,095.9
166.9
230.3
927.5
83.4

1,082.6
171.1
231.3
927.3
83.5

1,090.8
171.1
230.7
926.8
83.4

1,092.4
171.8
230.3
926.5
82.9

1,092.3
172.4
229.5
927.2
82.5

1,090.2
172.1
230.0
925.4
79.8

1,094.8
174.1
232.7
925.7
82.4

1,089.1
173.7
232.6
924.3
82.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

376.5
46.7
540.4
1,031.7
124.6

375.9
46.7
539.3
1,033.2
125.0

374.7
47.1
538.8
1.035.8
125.8

373.8
46.7
537.3
1,038.5
126.2

373.2
47.2
535.8
1,040.6
126.6

372.9
47.1
535.6
1,037.5
127.7

372.2
46.6
534.6
1,036.4
128.4

369.2
47.1
530.9
1,039.3
129.7

369.5
48.2
530.6
1,040.9
129.8

368.2
48.3
528.3
1,042.0
130.3

368.6
48.3
524.0
1,042.4
130.3

367.4
48.4
527.9
1,045.2
131.2

365.9
48.2
529.4
1,044.8
131.1

45.7

45.8

333.3
82.3
601.2
9.8

310.4
83.2
601.3
9.9

45.7
397.8
310.2
82.2
601.9
10.0

45.6
398.1
332.2
82.4
601.7
9.9

45.6
393.4
331.8
81.4
602.6
10.1

46.0
398.8
332.0
82.3
601.0
9.8

45.8
397.5
332.5
82.4
600.4
9.9

46.1
395.7
333.3
81.8
599.2
9.9

46.1
395.7
334.0
81.8
601.0
9.8

45.9
394.1
336.8
81.4
600.9
9.8

46.3
395.3
341.0
81.9
598.1
10.0

46.3
394.7
343.9
81.5
599.5
10.0

46.3
393.5
345.5
81.6
598.5
10.1

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

See footnotes at end of table.




50

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major Industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1996

1995

State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.P

Transportation and public utilities
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

89.2
22.8
86.1
64.6
635.0

89.5
23.0
86.5
64.6
635.2

89.1
23.0
86.6
64.5
634.3

88.9
22.9
86.4
65.3
629.9

89.4
22.9
87.5
65.7
628.7

89.2
23.2
88.2
65.4
631.8

88.6
22.8
88.1
65.5
632.2

88.5
22.7
88.1
65.9
636.3

88.6
22.3
87.8
65.6
636.8

89.1
22.1
88.5
65.6
639.1

88.8
21.9
88.5
65.7
642.4

88.4
22.1
89.1
65.6
644.3

88.6
23.0
89.4
65.8
643.5

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

118.6
71.6
15.9
19.8

304.9

119.1
72.3
15.8
20.0
304.6

119.5
71.3
15.9
20.0
305.3

119.9
71.5
15.9
20.0
306.5

121.0
71.2
16.1
19.6
307.7

121.3
71.5
16.4
19.8
308.4

121.7
71.4
16.5
19.6
309.2

121.6
71.6
16.5
19.6
309.0

121.1
71.5
16.5
19.5
309.6

121.2
71.6
16.4
19.4
311.5

120.9
71.6
16.4
19.3
311.6

120.7
71.6
16.6
19.4
311.9

119.6
72.1
16.3
19.3
311.9

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

215.8
40.6
22.8
324.2
139.1

217.0
40.7
23.2
327.9
139.5

217.6
40.7
23.2
327.5
140.0

218.0
40.9
23.1
329.1
140.1

218.5
40.8
23.3
327.4
140.3

219.3
40.8
23.5
327.0
140.1

220.7
40.7
23.4
327.0
139.8

221.8
40.0
23.4
329.3
140.1

223.1
40.5
23.5
328.3
139.3

224.1
40.7
23.3
328.7
139.7

224.8
40.5
23.5
329.8
138.8

225.1
40.6
23.9
329.7
139.0

225.1
40.4
23.8
328.3
139.7

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

61.3
67.7
92.1
107.9
22.1

62.1
68.7
92.3
107.9
22.3

62.2
69.1
92.5
107.8
22.2

62.2
68.3
92.6
107.8
22.3

62.9
69.2
93.4
107.5
22.1

62.7
69.2
93.0
107.7
22.2

62.8
69.3
92.8
106.4
22.1

62.3
69.7
93.1
107.2
22.1

62.4
69.5
93.5
107.8
22.2

62.3
69.7
93.5
108.4
22.4

62.6
70.2
93.5
108.3
22.0

62.7
70.4
93.1
108.6
21.9

63.1
70.0
93.0
108.9
22.0

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

105.1
127.9
164.6
117.2
49.8

105.0
129.7
166.0
117.6
49.6

104.8
129.9
166.5
117.2
49.5

104.5
129.5
167.0
116.7
49.3

106.0
128.7
168.7
117.3
49.4

106.7
128.4
170.4
118.7
49.9

106.5
128.6
171.3
119.4
49.2

106.0
126.9
169.3
118.9
49.1

105.7
128.1
168.8
119.6
48.8

105.9
127.4
168.5
120.6
48.7

106.4
127.5
168.8
121.2
49.0

106.7
127.2
168.6
120.7
48.4

105.7
128.3
169.8
120.6
48.7

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

160.0
20.9
49.7
41.1
20.0

161.8
20.6
50.0
41.3
20.0

161.7
20.7
49.6
41.6
20.1

161.9
20.8
49.4
41.7
20.3

163.4
20.9
49.3
41.9
20.4

163.2
20.9
49.3
42.0
20.3

163.3
21.1
49.5
42.2
20.1

163.5
21.2
49.4
42.4
20.4

163.8
21.1
49.4
42.5
20.4

164.1
21.1
49.7
42.6
20.6

164.0
21.1
50.4
42.8
20.8

166.1
21.0
50.6
42.8
21.1

164.5
20.8
50.6
42.8
20.6

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

252.8
30.9
403.7
163.7
18.2

252.8
30.7
405.1
163.9
18.4

252.2
31.2
405.4
163.8
18.8

252.0
31.3
404.9
163.6
18.7

251.9
31.5
405.6
164.1
18.2

249.3
31.4
405.4
164.5
18.2

247.7
31.3
405.8
164.0
18.5

249.3
31.3
402.4
164.4
18.2

248.7
31.5
405.2
164.3
18.5

248.5
32.0
404.5
164.9
18.4

247.9
31.5
404.2
165.1
18.3

248.8
31.4
404.4
165.1
18.4

249.5
31.1
403.8
164.0
18.4

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

229.8
73.9
71.0

230.8
74.2
71.1
273.1
15.4

231.5
74.2
71.8
272.5
15.2

231.3
74.7
72.2
271.3
15.3

232.3
74.9
73.2
268.6
15.2

229.4
75.2
72.7
270.0
15.0

228.4
75.2
72.9
270.6
15.0

229.3
75.6
73.5
270.3
15.1

228.7
75.8
73.0
269.3
15.1

229.1
76.0
72.7
270.4
15.3

230.8
76.2
73.6
270.6
15.0

231.0
76.9
73.5
271.3
15.0

230.9
77.0
73.7
271.1
15.1

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

71.9
16.0
136.8
51.4

72.1
16.1
136.8
477.4
51.3

71.9
16.1
136.7
479.8
51.7

71.9
16.3
137.9
483.3
52.2

71.4
16.1
137.6
479.7
52.7

71.1
16.2
138.3
481.2
52.7

71.8
16.3
138.1
485.4
53.2

72.5
16.2
138.5
486.8
53.8

72.2
16.3
137.7
488.4
53.6

72.6
16.3
137.9
490.3
53.6

73.6
16.3
137.7
487.3
52.9

74.0
16.2
137.1
489.2
53.1

137.6
492.1
53.5

11.9
156.6
120.2
40.1
119.4
13.4

12.1
159.0
121.4
40.4
119.6
13.4

12.0
158.6
121.7
40.4
119.4
13.6

12.1
158.1
122.2
40.2
119.1
13.6

11.9
159.8
120.8
39.7
119.5
13.6

12.0
161.1
120.8
40.1
119.1
13.6

12.1
161.9
121.7
40.2
119.3
13.6

12.0
161.9
121.5
40.0
119.0
13.4

12.1
161.0
122.2
39.6
119.9
13.6

12.1
162.3
122.0
39.6
119.1
13.6

11.8
161.3
121.6
39.4
119.1
13.6

11.8
162.6
122.3
39.0
119.7
13.5

12.0
162.8
122.6
38.9
119.7
13.6

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

273.0
14.9

476.7

See footnotes at end of table.




51

74.1
16.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1995

1996

State
Sept.

I

Oct.

I

Nov.

I

Dec.

Jan.

|

Feb.

|

Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug. | Sept.P

Wholesale and retail trade
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

415.1
54.4
452.0
243.3
2,946.5

416.1
53.7
453.0
244.6
2,945.4

417.3
53.7
453.0
245.1
2,952.1

417.1
53.9
454.2
245.9
2,964.3

418.3
54.2
454.4
246.1
2,966.6

417.8
54.4
457.0
246.5
2,984.0

421.2
54.4
460.1
248.0
2,986.4

421.1
54.6
460.1
247.9
2,979.6

421.4
55.3
462.5
249.0
2,995.7

422.7
56.1
463.3
250.2
3,000.9

425.0
55.9
466.1
249.7
3,001.2

423.8
55.8
467.8
250.1
3,004.3

424.3
55.3
466.7
250.7
3,012.0

Colorado
Connecticut
Dc'flwflrc
District of Columbia
Florida

465.1
340.2
84.0
52.2
1,557.8

465.7
340.8
84.2
52.1
1,559.9

470.0
340.7
52.0
1,569.3

472.0
340.5
84.5
51.6
1,571.0

475.2
341.0
83.8
50.2
1,567.2

473.3
343.3
84.7
51.2
1,571.6

475.3
344.3
65.8
51.6
1,572.2

472.4
344.5
85.7
52.1
1,576.6

477.7
345.7
85.5
52.1
1,579.5

468.0
345.8
85.3
52.1
1,587.0

468.9
346.9
84.8
51.8
1,589.7

469.6
348.6
85.0
51.7
1,597.3

470.3
346.8
85.7
52.2
1,600.2

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

879.5
136.4
121.7
1,320.1
673.1

882.1
135.6
122.5
1,323.3
674.0

887.2
135.6
123.2
1,328.1
675.7

888.7
134.9
123.6
1,330.1
677.6

888.8
135.0
123.8
1,338.4
676.4

890.3
134.9
123.2
1,334.8
677.6

897.2
134.8
123.4
1,341.4
682.8

900.3
135.6
124.2
1,342.3
680.5

905.6
135.2
125.2
1,342.1
683.7

912.3
134.9
126.1
1,344.1
682.1

930.2
134.3
126.9
1,344.6
684.8

917.2
134.4
127.9
1,344.9
685.5

911.5
134.1
127.8
1,348.3
685.7

342.1
298.1
400.4
420.2
139.5

341.4
301.5
399.5
422.8
139.8

341.8
301.8
401.2
424.2
140.1

343.6
301.8
401.7
426.7
140.2

343.2
302.6
397.2
425.7
140.8

343.2
302.1
397.7
426.9
141.3

345.2
304.1
400.7
426.4
141.5

343.4
304.5
401.4
424.8
141.2

344.2
305.2
405.0
426.6
141.7

344.7
305.0
406.3
426.7
141.9

347.7
306.3
403.9
427.2
140.7

347.8
308.1
405.5
428.0
141.0

347.6
308.5
407.6
429.6
141.7

532.2
691.9
1,005.4
576.6
230.4

532.6
690.9
1,012.2
580.4
229.7

532.9
693.1
1,016.2
581.6
229.5

533.9
692.8
1,018.3
582.1
229.5

529.8
688.9
1,021.5
584.5
229.5

533.1
693.4
1,015.4
583.2
229.1

535.1
693.9
1,021.2
587.4
228.5

534.6
693.7
1,015.2
588.5
228.5

534.0
698.7
1,021.3
589.1
229.6

533.6
699.6
1,021.2
589.6
228.5

535.1
703.0
1,020.4
589.0
229.4

535.0
705.7
1,027.2
591.4
227.8

534.6
700.1
1,035.4
592.4
226.8

602.6
97.1
205.4
160.1
142.0

604.7
97.0
206.1
160.9
142.0

605.7
97.2
206.8
162.6
142.6

607.9
97.5
207.2
163.5
142.1

610.0
97.9
206.4
164.5
142.6

608.5
98.1
206.6
165.6
142.8

610.3
98.2
207.0
168.0
144.0

607.6
96.1
206.6
167.6
144.3

608.6
98.6
207.3
169.2
145.1

608.0
98.7
206.9
170.2
144.5

608.1
97.9
206.5
171.7
145.8

610.6
97.7
207.1
173.2
145.1

610.8
98.3
209.5
174.5
142.7

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

853.0
165.4
1,620.8
806.3
79.5

854.5
166.7
1,623.7
806.2
79.7

856.5
167.4
1,629.1
809.5
80.3

856.4
168.5
1,630.3
809.5
80.5

849.0
169.4
1,627.8
804.3
80.3

856.4
169.6
1,628.1
812.1
80.6

858.5
170.5
1,631.6
815.3
81.0

856.9
169.7
1,633.9
813.1
80.4

861.4
170.9
1,634.7
815.0
80.8

861.3
171.3
1,633.5
813.1
80.8

861.6
171.5
1,635.2
812.8
81.0

862.9
172.2
1,637.8
809.9
80.9

864.9
172.4
1,642.5
808.7
81.1

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,281.6
312.9
361.3
1,200.6
98.2

1,286.4
314.3
362.1
1,200.1
97.8

1,291.5
316.4
364.0
1,201.5
97.8

1,293.9
317.2
364.9
1,203.7
97.9

1,297.7
318.0
368.3
1,198.3
96.7

1,298.7
318.1
366.9
1,215.1
97.0

1,300.5
319.9
369.1
1,216.5
96.6

1,300.3
318.8
370.2
1.215.3
95.9

1,304.0
322.3
371.0
1,221.8
96.8

1,306.6
321.8
373.2
1,220.7
98.4

1,306.0
320.7
375.0
1,220.8
99.0

1,305.1
320.5
376.5
1,224.6
98.6

1,306.1
320.3
377.1
1,222.2
96.7

South Carolina
South Dakota

389.6
87.8
594.8
1,958.8
222.8

388.6
89.1
592.0
1,974.4
223.2

388.4
89.3
597.6
1,981.9
224.3

389.4
89.4
605.4
1,989.0
225.2

388.8
90.3
601.4
1,985.4
224.9

389.7
89.9
603.0
1,982.9
225.5

389.9
90.7
604.4
1,983.6
226.3

396.2
90.1
604.4
1,984.8
228.8

397.7
90.1
607.9
1,991.5
229.6

399.6
90.4
611.7
1,999.8
231.1

400.1
90.1
611.9
2,003.7
233.2

404.7
91.1
614.8
2,005.0
233.2

406.1
90.6
614.9
2,013.0
233.6

64.9
704.6
586.3
159.7
588.5
52.0

65.1
706.0
586.7
160.1
588.5
52.5

64.8
705.1
587.4
160.5
590.1
52.4

64.8
702.8
587.4
159.9
590.9
52.8

64.3
700.6
584.8
160.1
591.2
52.8

64.2
706.5
584.9
161.5
590.8
52.7

64.1
710.1
586.5
161.5
593.9
52.9

64.1
712.3
588.3
162.4
592.8
53.0

64.0
713.1
590.9
162.6
594.0
53.2

64.7
712.8
591.4
163.0
593.7
53.5

65.1
714.4
594.1
162.7
593.7
52.9

65.6
715.0
595.8
161.6
593.7
51.7

65.7
717.9
595.7
162.5
595.3
52.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

aa.e

See footnotes at end of table.




52

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)

1995

1996

State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

I

Feb.

|

Mar.

|

Apr.

|

May

| June

|

July

|

Aug.

| Sept.P

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

77.3
11.7
106.8
41.8
737.4

77.3
11.9
107.0
41.8
736.0

77.4
11.6
107.0
41.9
735.9

77.6
11.7
107.3
42.0
735.7

77.4
11.7
107.5
42.0
734.7

77.7
11.6
108.1
42.0
734.6

78.0
11.5
108.3
42.0
734.6

78.2
11.6
108.2
42.1
733.7

78.5
11.6
108.5
42.3
735.4

78.4
11.7
108.7
42.5
735.0

78.8
11.5
108.7
42.4
734.7

79.1
11.5
108.8
42.5
735.3

79.2
11.6
109.1
42.5
735.3

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

113.7
132.7
41.5

114.6
132.1
42.0
29.9
378.2

114.9
131.9
42.2
29.9
378.5

114.8
132.9
42.4
29.7
379.3

115.2
133.3
42.5
29.6
380.5

115.4
133.5
42.6
29.7
381.7

115.7
133.2
42.8
29.7
381.9

116.5
132.7
42.9
29.6
384.0

116.2
132.3
42.8
29.6
384.3

116.0
132.3
43.0
29.6
384.6

116.0
131.9
43.1
29.6
385.2

116.3
131.9
43.1

378.5

114.1
132.3
41.7
29.8
377.7

386.6

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

175.5
37.0
24.2
383.3
131.5

175.6
37.1
24.3
384.0
132.4

175.7
37.1
24.2
383.9
133.2

175.8
37.2
24.2
383.5
133.3

175.7
37.2
24.1
384.6
134.2

176.5
37.3
23.9
384.8
134.4

176.4
37.1
23.6
385.8
134.0

175.7
37.0
23.7
385.0
133.7

176.2
37.0
23.8
384.8
133.6

175.9
36.6
23.9
386.6
133.7

176.6
36.4
24.0
387.2
133.5

176.6
36.2
24.1
387.2
133.7

176.6
36.3
24.1
387.5
134.5

76.9
57.9
65.5
80.5
25.9

77.0
58.1
65.5
80.4
26.0

77.1
58.0
65.5
80.5
26.0

77.3
58.2
65.7
80.4
26.0

77.6
58.8
65.7
80.8
25.9

77.6
58.7
65.9
80.6
26.0

77.9
58.7
65.4
80.8
26.0

77.6
58.9
65.6
80.6
25.8

77.9
58.6
66.1
80.3
25.9

77.6
58.7
66.3
80.6
25.9

78.3
58.7
66.5
80.7
26.3

78.3
59.3
66.3
80.6
26.5

78.5
59.5
66.7
80.9
26.3

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

127.8
204.7
196.1
139.0
40.2

127.5
204.3
196.3
139.3
40.0

127.4
203.6
196.6
139.5
39.7

127.4
203.7
196.5
139.7
40.0

126.7
202.6
196.0
140.0
40.0

127.5
203.3
196.4
140.3
39.5

127.5
203.4
197.2
140.3
39.5

127.0
203.7
196.8
140.7
39.5

127.3
203.6
196.4
141.4
39.8

127.3
204.1
197.0
141.4
39.6

127.6
204.9
197.7
142.0
39.7

127.8
205.0
197.8
142.6
39.5

127.7
204.8
197.5
142.6
39.3

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

145.9
15.6
52.7
36.6
29.2

146.1
15.7
52.8
36.8
29.2

146.9
15.8
52.6
37.1
29.1

147.5
15.8
52.8
37.3
29.2

148.9
15.5
52.5
37.5
29.5

149.1
15.6
52.5
37.6
29.4

149.4
15.5
52.3
37.8
29.5

149.3
15.6
52.2
37.8
29.7

149.8
15.7
52.3
38.0
29.6

150.0
15.7
51.7
38.2
29.7

150.0
15.7
52.1
38.2
29.8

150.7
15.8
52.4
38.4
29.2

150.7
15.8
52.5
38.4
29.2

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

227.8

228.4
29.9
721.1
145.1
14.0

228.6
29.9
719.7
146.5
14.0

228.9
30.0
719.9
147.1
13.9

228.7
29.9
714.7
147.6
13.9

229.4
30.0
721.4
148.3
14.0

229.6
30.0
720.6
149.0
14.1

229.6
30.1
722.7
149.7
14.0

229.7
30.4
722.6
150.9
14.0

229.7
30.5
722.3
151.6
14.1

230.3
30.4
721.7
152.8
14.1

229.6
30.6
722.3
153.7
14.0

230.1
30.6
722.0

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

269.7
66.2
88.0
304.3
24.8

271.1
65.8
88.0
305.2
24.5

273.8
66.0
88.3
305.7
24.6

273.5
66.3
88.6
306.1
24.5

276.3
66.5
88.7
306.3
24.7

274.5
66.5
88.7
307.1
24.7

275.2
66.6
89.2
307.3
24.8

275.8
66.8
89.6
307.7
24.7

276.2
66.4
89.8
308.2
24.6

276.7
66.3
90.5
309.3
24.4

276.8
66.7
90.2
309.9
24.7

277.1
66.8
90.4
311.0
24.7

277.4
67.0
91.0
310.5
24.8

19.1
111.0
438.0
48.5

69.9
19.3
111.1
440.4
48.8

70.3
19.4
111.4
440.2
49.3

70.5
19.4
111.8
440.8
49.5

70.5
19.4
111.6
441.0
49.6

70.4
19.5
112.1
440.1
49.8

70.7
19.6
111.8
441.1
50.4

70.8
19.7
112.3
443.3
50.4

70.7
19.7
112.6
444.1
50.4

71.0
19.8
113.1
444.5
50.6

71.5
20.0
113.2
446.6
51.0

72.0
20.2
113.4
445.9
51.3

72.2
20.1
113.3
446.1
51.9

12.1
161.1
121.6
27.2
136.1
7.9

12.1
161.8
121.6
27.2
135.8
7.9

12.2
161.6
121.6
27.2
136.3
7.9

12.1
162.0
123.0
27.3
136.2
8.0

12.1
161.8
122.9
27.3
136.1
8.1

12.2
162.2
123.5
27.4
136.2
8.1

12.2
161.4
123.3
27.4
136.2
8.0

12.1
161.5
124.3
27.6
136.8
8.0

12.2
161.9
124.5
27.7
136.8
8.1

12.3
161.9
124.5
27.6
137.3
7.9

12.5
161.7
124.6
26.7
137.7
7.9

12.5
162.0
125.0
26.8
137.6
8.0

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee

Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

29.8

29.7
721.3
145.2
13.9

12.1
160.1
121.8

26.9
136.2
8.0

See footnotes at end of table.




53

29.5

154.0
14.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1996

1995
State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

400.8
61.5
523.7
240.2
3,781.7

401.2
61.2
523.3
240.0
3,781.3

402.5
61.3
529.2
240.8
3,795.1

Colorado
Conneotlout
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

545.9
469.6
97.4
267.2
2,093.6

548.0
469.1
96.6
265.5
2,094.0

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

850.6
164.2
110.2
1.590.3
633.9

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

403.3
61.3
530.1
241.9
3,803.3

402.1
60.9
536.3
241.7
3,819.9

403.0
61.0
540.7
242.3
3,833.1

405.0
61.5
542.1
242.6
3,848.8

404.7
62.0
544.6
241.2
3,862.2

406.6
62.1
545.6
242.2
3,880.4

408.6
62.8
547.1
243.6
3.899.2

410.2
62.7
549.6
244.8
3,904.3

410.4
63.1
554.0
245.4
3,914.8

411.0
63.8
554.2
247.0
3,927.8

550.1
468.7
97.3
265.0
2,100.7

552.3
469.1
98.3
265.2
2,111.4

551.7
467.6
97.7
262.4
2,103.5

552.4
470.8
99.6
265.4
2,110.0

555.6
470.2
99.7
265.8
2,109.2

559.1
470.6
99.8
265.2
2,119.5

563.0
473.6
100.9
264.7
2,133.2

562.0
474.7
101.0
267.2
2,144.2

561.3
477.1
101.0
267.6
2,157.5

561.3
477.2
101.6
266.9
2.159.7

558.5
479.0
101.5
265.4
2,175.8

855.0
165.1
110.9
1,590.5
637.5

860.5
164.9
111.3
1,594.9
638.2

864.5
164.9
111.6
1,597.8
637.8

861.2
164.1
112.4
1,602.5
639.7

871.2
165.7
113.1
1,605.3
639.5

876.8
165.3
114.1
1,609.3
639.0

880.7
164.7
116.6
1.612.0
637.3

888.4
165.7
118.0
1.618.0
639.3

893.7
165.6
119.6
1,614.4
637.6

923.8
165.5
120.5
1,619.0
639.8

898.8
165.6
120.4
1.621.8
639.2

891.3
165.8
119.9
1,626.9
640.8

341.7
291.1
392.6
477.5
148.9

346.5
293.0
395.3
477.7
149.2

348.2
294.1
396.2
478.3
149.6

348.9
294.9
399.0
476.1
150.4

350.3
292.5
399.3
479.6
149.5

350.3
293.4
401.3
478.7
150.3

353.7
294.7
402.2
480.2
150.3

352.4
293.6
403.0
478.8
149.9

353.4
294.1
404.4
478.5
149.9

358.1
294.4
408.0
478.4
150.2

354.4
294.5
408.7
478.0
150.0

355.5
295.5
410.4
477.8
150.1

354.4
295.3
410.9
476.1
150.6

694.7
1,032.4
1,115.8
650.4
233.5

1,035.2
1,126.0
649.8
234.3

693.5
1,037.3
1,129.3
652.9
234.4

692.1
1,040.2
1,134.5
652.4
236.5

690.3
1,044.0
1,134.7
652.6
236.4

696.7
1,045.9
1,142.5
656.9
238.5

698.6
1,050.7
1,148.3
660.4
241.4

699.0
1.050.7
1.149.5
659.9
240.7

1.053.8
1,160.3
664.0
241.7

699.5
1,055.2
1,164.3
665.0
239.9

700.2
1,057.8
1,153.8
665.1
236.7

704.8
1,060.4
1,164.7
668.4
240.8

702.6
1,062.7
1,162.3

688.7
97.1
212.7
354.4
154.3

689.8
97.6
211.2
354.9
154.1

692.5
97.7
210.9
355.3
155.5

695.4
98.0
212.0
355.7
155.9

690.6
97.5
210.7
357.8
153.5

694.5
99.1
213.5
360.2
155.3

698.0
99.0
214.3
361.9
154.6

697.5
99.5
217.3
364.2
156.5

701.1
101.0
217.7
365.2
156.7

704.8
102.9
217.2
369.9
156.7

703.3
102.6
217.7
369.5
155.2

700.9
103.0
219.3
369.2
155.9

714.1
102.9
218.5
369.7
156.8

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

1,091.5
193.7
2,547.5
770.5
81.7

1,093.5
195.5
2,554.8
770.5
82.2

1,095.7
197.3
2,560.1
770.8
82.5

1,099.1
197.9
2,567.6
772.0
82.8

1,091.3
200.6
2,558.2
765.9
82.7

1,101.4
201.4
2,580.5
776.1
83.1

1,106.7
202.0
2,592.6
779.8
83.4

1,109.0
201.8
2,593.8
779.4
83.6

1,113.5
203.4
2,599.8
781.7
84.8

1,118.2
204.5
2,600.2
784.4
84.8

1,121.1
203.5
2,607.1
789.2
84.9

1,124.7
203.5
2,613.4
795.9
85.4

1,126.0
202.2
2,617.7
794.2
85.3

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

1,400.5
346.7
371.9
1,599.7
146.1

1,404.7
350.5
373.4
1,601.9
146.6

1,407.9
353.6
374.1
1,600.7
147.5

1,413.0
356.7
376.5
1,601.1
148.1

1,411.8
357.6
386.9
1,580.5
149.2

1,416.7
357.9
385.2
1,598.6
149.8

1,423.4
358.5
387.0
1,605.6
150.2

1,420.4
357.7
388.4
1.607.5
149.0

1,424.3
358.9
390.6
1,610.7
150.0

1,427.1
358.8
392.4
1,606.3
148.9

1,426.1
358.9
396.3
1.611.8
148.3

1.428.7
363.9
399.8
1.611.3
149.4

1,427.5
367.4
400.9
1.609.0
150.2

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

368.4
88.4
644.5
2,137.8
244.1

368.0
89.3
646.4
2,150.8
245.0

370.4
89.6
650.1
2,163.6
245.8

371.5
90.3
653.0
2,177.7
247.8

372.6
90.5
651.4
2,172.1
248.6

374.3
90.9
650.0
2,181.8
249.1

375.9
91.4
654.4
2,198.1
248.8

378.0
91.1
652.6
2,210.0
251.9

379.3
91.5
653.0
2.224.8
254.3

381.2
91.7
655.8
2.234.8
256.8

382.0
91.9
659.3
2,240.1
257.0

383.9
91.1
660.0
2,244.9
258.6

385.9
91.6
664.3
2.244.3
260.7

79.0
874.8
628.2
183.7
635.8
48.0

79.7
883.5
630.5
185.4
636.9
48.5

80.0
886.6
631.6
185.6
638.5
47.8

80.5
890.0
632.1
187.3
640.6
48.0

81.2
883.2
632.5
186.1
641.4
48.3

80.9
894.9
636.5
187.4
641.9
48.6

80.9
900.8
640.8
187.8
643.7
48.5

81.4
894.5
643.2
187.9
642.1
48.6

80.6
897.5
646.2
188.3
645.1
48.2

80.7
903.0
649.8
189.9
643.3
48.0

81.2
909.4
653.2
190.6
644.0
48.0

80.8
914.0
658.3
188.9
647.9
48.0

80.4
915.9
661.8
188.4
648.4
48.5

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.P

Services

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See footnotes at end of table.




54

239.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE EMPLOYMENT
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-7. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by State and major industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
(In thousands)
1996

1995

State

Sept. I Oct. I Nov. I Dec.

Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | May | June | July | Aug. | Sept.P
Government

342.1
72.7
303.1
177.9
2,102.9

342.7
72.9
301.4
178.4
2,103.3

342.3
73.0
303.4
178.3
2,103.5

342.3
72.8
306.9
178.3
2,101.5

341.5
72.0
306.1
178.0
2,096.7

341.0
72.2
306.8
177.1
2,101.4

342.6
72.6
308.7
177.2
2,101.7

342.5
72.2
309.2
177.8
2,102.2

342.4
73.5
313.7
178.1
2,104.4

340.8
73.5
314.3
180.2
2,102.9

336.1
73.4
311.1
180.1
2,104.0

341.6
72.6
316.8
180.3
2,113.2

341.5
73.1
314.7
179.6
2,117.4

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida

303.7
224.9
49.9
251.4
934.1

303.4
222.2
49.5
250.6
933.1

303.6
220.3
49.8
249.4
934.6

305.3
220.2
49.8
249.0
936.2

304.9
222.7
50.0
246.9
937.2

305.0
224.7
50.0
246.5
940.2

305.9
224.1
50.3
245.1
971.0

306.5
222.9
50.3
244.6
941.0

308.4
220.4
50.3
244.3
941.3

307.3
219.3
50.6
242.5
940.3

304.4
220.4
50.4
238.0
934.7

303.7
220.8
50.5
239.9
935.3

305.0
225.7
50.5
238.1
953.0

Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana

574.7
110.3
96.1
807.2
397.7

580.8
109.1
95.5
805.1
393.4

581.5
109.1
95.6
805.3
391.8

582.8
108.6
96.1
803.6
391.8

581.6
108.2
95.3
803.2
390.1

581.8
110.3
94.9
808.8
390.5

582.7
110.1
95.2
808.4
390.4

584.5
109.0
95.9
807.3
390.3

586.7
110.2
97.1
806.8
394.2

588.5
110.6
97.3
806.9
381.0

588.8
110.0
95.9
806.8
370.3

585.5
110.2
96.0
819.5
368.5

587.1
108.6
96.3
808.9
393.2

Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine

231.0
237.4
286.1
360.8
93.1

230.2
239.0
287.4
359.1
93.0

230.0
239.9
286.9
359.1
93.0

230.2
239.8
287.9
359.7
93.1

229.6
242.8
286.0
358.6
92.6

229.3
240.7
287.7
359.4
92.4

230.0
238.7
287.7
358.8
92.4

229.8
234.6
289.2
358.9
91.9

230.4
239.9
291.6
358.9
91.3

231.7
238.2
291.7
359.3
91.7

228.6
237.4
288.9
355.9
91.3

228.5
235.9
289.8
356.8
91.9

228.6
234.3
291.7
360.1
92.4

Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi

423.7
397.8
639.7
381.3
219.1

423.3
396.4
634.8
380.4
218.8

423.2
395.9
635.6
382.1
219.2

423.4
396.0
637.0
381.8
219.9

421.7
397.9
632.3
381.2
221.2

424.1
395.6
636.0
383.1
220.8

424.0
396.2
637.5
382.0
221.5

422.2
395.2
635.2
383.2
221.8

422.9
394.5
637.8
384.5
222.6

422.5
395.3
640.0
388.7
225.0

423.8
393.5
633.6
390.4
220.7

420.8
393.1
632.3
390.2
225.7

422.0
399.1
636.4
388.9
220.0

Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire

393.9
76.2
149.4
97.3
75.1

394.8
76.9
149.9
97.6
75.5

395.1
76.9
150.3
98.7
75.4

395.9
76.7
150.9
98.5
75.9

394.5
75.7
151.9
100.1
74.1

397.0
77.0
152.7
99.4
74.7

400.5
77.5
152.5
99.2
75.0

400.6
77.2
152.8
98.7
74.8

399.6
77.1
153.8
99.2
75.2

401.4
75.8
150.8
99.4
76.0

401.5
76.4
150.2
102.5
76.9

399.8
77.8
150.7
100.2
76.5

400.6
78.1
152.0
103.1
75.9

569.0
165.3
1,385.7
552.5
71.1

569.9
165.1
1,386.5
557.6
70.7

568.6
166.0
1,383.3
557.7
70.6

568.1
166.2
1,383.3
559.1
70.4

565.5
165.4
1,381.9
559.6
70.9

568.7
165.5
1,380.4
563.3
71.0

569.1
165.3
1,379.3
565.7
71.0

569.7
165.0
1,376.5
569.6
71.3

567.4
164.9
1,377.8
572.6
71.0

569.1
169.0
1,377.2
573.7
70.9

565.9
168.9
1,364.6
556.0
70.6

563.9
168.4
1,362.6
565.7
70.5

167.7
1,366.3
574.5
70.2

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island

752.4
270.2
240.1
720.3
60.6

748.2
271.1
240.4
722.2
60.9

749.9
271.3
238.4
721.5
60.6

752.1
270.9
241.4
722.2
61.1

746.8
268.5
232.8
714.6
60.9

754.4
268.8
234.7
721.6
61.2

755.2
269.4
235.3
723.3
61.4

752.9
269.4
235.6
723.2
61.3

756.3
269.5
236.6
727.3
61.2

758.0
269.3
235.1
725.4
59.7

757.3
270.4
234.7
722.0
58.7

762.2
270.7
232.2
723.2
59.6

755.8
271.2
236.6
720.2
61.8

South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah

295.0

294.6
70.3
387.5
1.461.8
164.1

295.4
70.5
387.2
1.464.9
163.9

294.0
70.7
387.2
1,464.6
164.3

289.8
70.5
388.8
1,461.1
164.9

290.2
71.1
390.8
1,467.5
166.0

291.3
71.1
411.4
1,470.9
167.1

291.2
71.3
392.3
1,473.7
167.2

291.4
71.7
392.1
1,474.1
166.5

302.0
70.5
390.3
1,472.5
167.1

297.0
70.3
387.7
1,480.3
166.0

297.3
70.0
387.5
1,487.7
166.5

295.1
89.2
391.4
1,485.2
168.1

44.9
594.5
443.0
137.1
377.3
57.8

44.9
594.2
444.0
137.0
376.2
57.4

44.9
593.5
445.1
136.3
376.2
57.8

44.6
593.4
444.3
137.1
382.8
57.7

45.0
595.6
445.0
136.9
374.5
57.6

44.9
595.5
448.1
138.7
376.8
57.8

45.1
596.5
446.4
138.0
374.8
58.0

45.0
596.4
448.4
149.9
377.4
57.7

44.9
597.9
448.0
139.8
382.9
58.0

44.5
596.1
450.4
136.7
383.5
57.4

44.2
598.1
449.9
139.6
384.7
59.0

45.2
596.1
451.5
137.9
382.7
59.7

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota

Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
1

Includes mining, not shown separately.
Mining is combined with construction.
P = preliminary.
2




71.1
381.1
1,455.8
163.6
44.8
593.5
441.8
136.9
376.3

57.9

565.6

NOTE: All data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks and incorporate
updated seasonal adjustment factors.

55

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-8. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls
by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
1995

1996

Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.p

Oct.1

Total private

34.5

34.4

34.3

33.8

34.5

34.5

34.3

34.2

34.7

34.2

34.4

34.7

34.3

Goods-producing

41.0

40.9

40.6

39.7

41.1

40.8

41.0

40.9

41.1

41.0

41.1

41.1

41.0

Mining

44.9

44.2

44.7

44.1

45.3

45.7

45.0

45.2

45.9

44.9

44.8

45.1

45.5

Construction

39.1

38.8

38.5

38.2

39.7

38.7

38.9

38.0

38.7

38.7

38.7

38.4

38.8

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41.4
4.3

41.5
4.3

41.2
4.2

40.0
4.1

41.4
4.3

41.3
4.3

41.5
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.8
4.6

41.6
4.4

41.7
4.5

41.8
4.5

41.6
4.5

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

42.3
4.6
40.7
39.4
43.1
43.8
44.2
42.2
43.1
42.0
43.4
44.3
41.4
39.7

42.3
4.6
40.7
39.6
42.9
43.9
44.2
42.2
43.3
41.6
43.8
44.8
41.4
39.6

41.9
4.5
40.1
39.4
42.9
43.7
44.2
42.0
42.9
41.2
42.7
43.8
41.2
39.5

40.9
4.4
39.1
35.7
42.1
43.2
44.3
41.0
42.1
40.3
42.4
43.3
40.2
37.7

42.2
4.6
40.6
39.1
43.5
44.1
44.9
42.0
43.0
41.6
43.1
43.7
41.8
39.5

42.0
4.5
40.6
39.4
43.2
43.9
44.5
42.0
43.0
41.4
42.2
42.1
41.7
39.7

42.4
4.9
40.8
39.2
43.4
43.9
44.1
42.3
43.2
40.9
44.6
46.0
41.4
39.6

42.5
5.1
41.0
39.7
43.2
44.2
44.4
42.6
43.0
41.3
44.5
46.5
41.6
39.9

42.6
5.0
41.2
39.5
43.5
44.2
44.5
42.6
43.3
41.6
44.4
45.7
41.9
39.7

42.3
4.7
41.1
39.7
43.2
44.0
44.3
42.4
43.1
41.2
43.9
45.5
41.4
39.7

42.5
4.8
40.9
39.5
43.2
44.5
44.2
42.5
42.8
41.7
44.7
46.4
41.7
39.8

42.6
4.8
41.2
39.6
43.3
44.5
44.1
42.4
43.0
41.6
44.7
45.9
41.9
40.0

42.3
4.8
40.8
39.6
43.2
44.5
44.7
42.2
43.0
41.4
43.7
44.5
41.8
39.4

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.3
3.9
40.9
38.9
40.4
36.7
42.8
38.0
43.2
(2)
41.4

40.3
3.9
40.8
40.1
40.5
36.8
42.9
38.1
43.1
(2)
41.2

40.2
3.9
40.6
38.7
40.3
36.8
42.9
37.8
43.1
(2)

40.5
4.0
41.2
39.8
40.5
36.8
43.1
38.2
43.2

40.5
4.0
41.1
40.4
40.8
36.9
43.1
38.2
43.1

40.7
4.2
41.0
39.4
40.9
37.6
43.5
38.1
43.4
41.5

37.7

41.4
37.6

40.6
4.1
41.3
39.4
40.8
37.2
43.5
38.2
43.0
(2)
41.3
38.9

37.8

41.3
37.8

40.5
4.1
40.8
39.4
40.8
37.1
43.4
38.2
43.3
(2)
41.5

40.7
4.1
41.0
40.9
40.9
37.4
43.6
38.4
43.1

41.3
37.6

40.6
4.0
41.2
39.5
40.6
37.2
43.4
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
38.3

40.6
4.0
40.6
39.8
40.9
37.4
43.3
38.4
43.3

ft

40.4
4.2
41.1
40.4
40.3
36.5
43.4
38.1
42.9
(2)

41.6
37.7

38.7
3.8
39.9
36.4
36.1
33.5
41.5
37.2
42.5
(2)
40.3
34.8

38.5

38.3

32.6

32.2

32.7

32.8

32.5

32.5
33.0

32.5

40.0

39.4

38.7

38.0

29.0

28.6

Service-producing

,
32.7

32.7

39.5

39.6

38.3

38.2

28.8

28.9

39.6

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade

38.2

Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate

28.7

ft

38.8
37.8
28.3

ft

Services
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the
seasonal components, which are small relative to the trend-cycle and




56

ft

39.8
38.3
28.8

ft

39.9
38.3
28.9

39.4
38.1
28.6

ft

39.2
38.0
28.8

ft
ft

0
41.7
38.9
32.6
39.7
38.3
28.8

ft

(2)
41.7
38.9

33.0
40.3

32.5
39.8
38.1

38.5
28.8

29.0

ft
ft

ft

irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted
(1982=100)

1995

1996

Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept."

Total private

134.3

134.3

134.3

131.7

135.5

135.5

135.2

135.3

137.7

136.1

136.9

138.1

136.8

Goods-producing

109.6

109.3

108.8

106.0

110.8

109.5

110.0

109.9

110.7

110.2

110.6

110.3

110.2

53.7

52.5

53.2

52.7

54.9

55.7

54.6

55.2

56.0

54.2

54.3

54.4

54.9

Construction

142.7

141.9

141.2

140.7

150.5

145.6

146.8

143.9

147.1

147.8

148.0

146.9

148.5

Manufacturing

106.2

106.1

105.6

102.0

105.9

105.2

105.7

106.2

106.5

105.8

106.3

106.1

105.7

107.3

107.3
134.5
123.9

106.8
132.9
123.6

107.4
133.1
121.7

108.9
136.9
122.9
109.2

108.7
137.0
123.6

108.0
136.8

91.3
72.6
112.8
103.3

90.4

92.9
72.6
115.8

101.2
105.0
116.6

91.9
73.8
112.9
103.2
108.7
118.6

108.4
135.9
123.9
108.6
91.8
73.3
114.5
103.2
107.8
122.4

108.0

91.7
73.0
113.3
104.0
108.2
117.5
161.1

107.7
134.8
120.8
108.9
91.0
72.4
113.5
103.6
106.8

136.7
124.2

107.6

106.3
133.1
122.0
108.9
91.5
73.1
113.0
103.2

108.9
137.2
122.6

107.6

104.1
127.1
111.4
104.9

158.2
70.8
97.2

159.9
73.6
102.2

170.6
73.6

92.6
72.0
115.2
102.5
108.2
124.1
167.9
74.0
101.3

Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

134.7
123.2
108.4
91.1
72.6
113.2
103.2
108.9

117.5
162.3
73.3
102.0
104.7
113.9
61.7

92.8
80.1
108.9
123.5

73.1

107.4
117.6
160.2
72.6

72.8
110.2

102.9

102.6

104.4
113.7
63.5

103.8
113.1

99.3

103.9

111.0

114.8

61.3

55.9

92.7

91.8
78.3

63.1
91.7
77.5

80.8

70.1
105.0

108.1
113.2
147.9

73.6
102.4
103.7
114.7
64.0
92.0

76.7

122.9
167.4
72.9
101.4

109.7
92.5
73.5

108.6

115.2
103.9
108.3
123.8

115.0
103.4
107.8
121.4
165.1
72.6
101.3

102.1

168.7
74.0
102.0

102.9

103.3

103.3

114.1
64.0
90.1
75.5

114.6
60.7
90.9
76.4
108.5
123.2
100.4
72.9
141.1

112.3
62.5
91.4
76.7
108.4
122.7

90.9
72.8

102.8
108.7
125.0
172.9
73.5
101.1

102.6
111.3
60.5
91.2
76.0

102.6

107.7

109.2

122.9
109.7
92.4
72.2
115.1

102.9
107.4
120.2
160.0
74.3

99.8

107.9
123.6

108.8
123.3

100.6
76.7
141.0

123.0
100.0
75.8
141.2

102.5
112.6
60.5
90.9
74.1
109.2
122.7

99.8
75.8
142.8

99.2
75.6

99.1
73.3

142.4

140.9

110.6
57.2
91.1
75.3

102.7
111.2
62.8

90.7
75.2

102.4
76.3
141.4

79.3
108.8
124.0
102.0
73.6
140.9

46.5

46.3

45.8

41.2

44.5

44.1

43.9

44.1

44.4

43.5

43.0

43.0

43.6

145.5

145.6

145.7

143.2

146.6

147.2

146.6

146.7

149.8

147.7

148.7

150.5

148.7

125.8

126.7

127.0

124.5

128.4

129.1

127.6

127.2

130.1

128.3

129.4

131.4

129.6

122.9

122.8

123.1

122.0

124.0

124.3

123.7

123.7

126.0

123.9

125.3

126.0

125.0

132.5

133.1

132.5

129.9

133.1

133.7

132.7

134.1

135.5

134.1

135.0

136.1

135.6

124.7

123.9

124.1

122.2

124.4

125.4

124.2

124.0

128.9

125.1

126.3

129.5

124.4

173.0

172.8

173.4

170.3

174.5

175.2

175.1

174.7

178.7

176.4

177.5

179.7

177.5

108.6
122.7
101.6
74.3
141.7

108.5
122.7

120.5
100.2
73.9

101.3
73.6

108.4
123.6
100.9
74.6

136.5

139.6

139.2

100.1
72.8
139.7

1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
p
= preliminary.




109.7

Oct."

57

108.6
123.4

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are
subject to revision.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ALL-EMPLOYEE HOURS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-10. Hours of wage and salary workers on nonfarm payrolls by major Industry, seasonally adjusted
Millions of hours (annual rate)1

Percent change

Industry

Total
Private sector
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities ..
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government

Sept.
1996r

Oct.
1996P

220,537

220,476

220,296

2.5

182,531

183,987

182,487

1,333
10,941
39,690
23,610
16,080
13,109
13,151
32,456
13,037
58,814

1,343
10,873
39,613
23,555
16,058
13,252
13,239
32,722
13,412
59,532

1,344
11,006
39,488
23,440
16,049
13,146
13,139
32,589
12,861
58,913

38,006

36,490

37,809

1
Total hours paid for 1 week in the month, seasonally adjusted, multiplied
by 52.
p
= preliminary.
r
= revised.
NOTE: Data refer to hours of all employees—production workers,




Oct. 1995
to
Oct. 1996P

Aug.
1996r

58

Aug. 1996
to
Sept. 1996r

Sept. 1996
to
Oct. 1996P

0.0

-0.1

1.8

.8

-.8

.6
4.1
-.5
.5
-1.8
2.8
2.0
2.3
-.3
3.0

.8
-.6
-.2
-.2
-.1
1.1
.7
.8
2.9
1.2

.0
1.2
-.3
-.5
-.1
-.8
-.8
-.4
-4.1
-1.0

5.9

-4.0

3.6

nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers—and are based largely on
establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2414,
chapter 10, "Productivity Measures: Business Sector and Major
Subsectors".
SOURCE: Office of Productivity and Technology (202—606-5606).

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-11. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, seasonally adjusted
1996

1995
Industry
Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept."

Oct.p

Average hourly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)
Goods-producing
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime2
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

$11.55 $11.59 $11.61 $11.62 $11.65 $11.68 $11.72 $11.74 $11.83 $11.81 $11.87 $11.91 $11.91
13.13

13.18

13.19

13.30

13.26

13.25

13.40

13.38

13.45

13.48

13.56

13.59

13.57

15.45
15.18
12.46
11.83

15.47
15.20
12.49
11.86

15.51
15.15
12.51
11.89

15.48
15.25
12.63
12.00

15.49
15.23
12.56
11.93

15.46
15.24
12.55
11.91

15.44
15.28
12.74
12.09

15.45
15.31
12.73
12.06

15.59
15.40
12.77
12.12

15.62
15.46
12.79
12.15

15.63
15.49
12.89
12.22

15.70
15.58
12.90
12.21

15.63
15.57
12.87
12.21

11.03

11.03

11.08

11.06

11.11

11.16

11.15

11.18

11.29

11.25

11.30

11.36

11.36

14.40
12.54
7.76
12.52
11.52

14.42
12.55
7.78
12.52
11.54

14.39
12.60
7.81
12.55
11.57

14.39
12.58
7.83
12.55
11.59

14.43
12.63
7.85
12.60
11.62

14.47
12.70
7.88
12.68
11.67

14.49
12.71
7.90
12.64
11.65

14.50
12.71
7.93
12.76
11.69

14.55
12.91
8.00
12.86
11.79

14.52
12.81
7.96
12.77
11.78

14.61
12.88
8.01
12.85
11.82

14.57
12.99
8.02
12.94
11.90

14.55
12.89
8.11
12.85
11.90

7.42
8.43
7.08

7.44
8.46
7.08

7.44
8.45
7.10

7.41
8.48
7.05

7.42
8.44
7.07

7.40
8.40
7.07

7.40
8.46
7.04

7.39
8.42
7.04

7.44
8.46
7.10

7.41
8.46
7.06

7.45
8.51
7.09

7.45
8.50
7.10

0
0
0

Average weekly earnings
Total private (in current dollars)

398.48 398.70 398.22 392.76 401.93 402.96 402.00 401.51 410.50 403.90 408.33 413.28 408.51

Goods-producing

538.33 539.06 535.51 528.01 544.99 540.60 549.40 547.24 552.79 552.68 557.32 558.55 556.37

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

693.71 683.77 693.30 682.67 701.70 706.52 694.80 698.34 715.58 701.34 700.22 708.07 711.17
593.54 589.76 583.28 582.55 604.63 589.79 594.39 581.78 595.98 598.30 599.46 598.27 604.12
515.84 518.34 515.41 505.20 519.98 518.31 528.71 530.84 533.79 532.06 537.51 539.22 535.39

Service-producing

360.68 360.68 361.21 356.13 363.30 366.05 362.38 363.35 372.57 365.63 368.38 374.88 369.20

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate ....
Services
Total private (in constant (1982) dollars)3
Goods-producing
Service-producing

568.80 571.03 569.84 558.33 574.31 577.35 570.91 568.40 582.00 572.09 580.02 587.17 579.09
480.28 479.41 481.32 475.52 483.73 486.41 484.25 482.98 499.62 486.78 493.30 500.12 491.11
223.49 224.84 224.15 221.59 226.08 227.73 225.94 228.38 232.00 227.66 230.69 232.58 233.57

0

5

5

5

255.93 255.91 255.11 250.48 255.84 255.36 253.79 252.68 258.18 253.55 256.17 258.46
345.75 345.99 343.06 336.74 346.91 342.59 346.84 344.39 347.67 346.94 349.64 349.31
231.65 231.50 231.40 227.12 231.25 231.97 228.78 228.67 234.32 229.52 231.10 234.45

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate these series.




0

59

4

()

0

Not available.
These series are not computed because the average weekly hours'
components are not available on a seasonally adjusted basis.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are introduced,
all seasonally adjusted data from January 1992 forward are subject to
revision.
5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry
(In thousands)

Industry

1987
SIC
Pnrlo
V_/UUfc;

All employees
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Production workers

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

118,102 118,664 119,781 120,508 121,168

Total .

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

-

-

-

Sept.
1996P
-

Oct.
1996P
-

98,998 99,042 101,492 101,235 101,379 81,146 81,200 83,274 83,024 83,147

Total private.
Mining.

583

580

580

575

576

429

427

434

431

431

40.2
6.9
11.6

41.8
7.0
12.0

40.8
6.8
11.8

_

Metal mining ...
Iron ores
Copper ores.

10
101
102

51.0
8.4
15.3

50.6
8.3
14.9

53.1
8.6
15.3

52.0
8.3
15.1

51.7
-

41.0
7.1
12.2

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining .

12
122

104.8
98.2

104.2
97.7

99.3
92.8

98.5
92.1

98.6
-

84.9
79.5

84.4
79.2

81.0
75.6

80.6
75.3

-

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas .
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

317.2
147.7
164.2

315.8
147.1
163.4

315.1
139.5
170.4

312.3
137.3
170.0

314.1
-

219.1
80.4
135.6

218.7
80.0
135.4

225.0
78.5
142.6

223.9
77.1
143.1

_
-

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Crushed and broken stone
Sand and gravel
Chemical and fertilizer minerals ...

14
142
144
147

109.6
41.1
36.0
13.9

109.3
40.9
36.1
13.8

112.7
42.4
37.6
13.8

111.9
42.1
37.4
13.7

111.1
_
-

83.7
32.2
_
-

83.7
32.2
_
-

86.1
33.4
-

85.7
33.1
_
-

_
_
-

5,469

5,464

5,783

5,740

5,729

4,290

4,285

4,545

4,508

4,494

1,238.9 1,235.7 1,295 6 1,277.5 1,272.6
617.0 615.6 654.2 642.7
_
27.4
28.6
27.5
29.1
594.5
592.6 612.3 606.2
-

890.5
425.3
11.8
453.4

885.2
422.9
11.8
450.5

929.6
451.6
12.7
465.3

913.3
442.4
12.0
458.9

-

708.4
229.6
478.8

706.0
221.8
484.2

714.7
237.8
476.9

718.7
235.9
482.8

_
_
-

Construction.
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction

15
152
153
154

Heavy construction, except building ....
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway.

16
161
162

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

Manufacturing .
Durable goods.

835.9
273.8
562.1

833.8
266.0
567.8

843.0
284.1
558.9

845.8
281.9
563.9

839.5
-

3,393.9 3,394 ? 3,644.6 3,616.3 3,616.5 2,691.3 2,693.5 2,900.6 2,875.7
578.0
546.9
573.9
734.5
545.3
736.3
779.2 774.0
161.7
167.6
197.1
173.2
192.2 206.6 201.0
166.5
_
517.0
625.5 627.8
494.6 497.9 521.5
659.3 655.1
443.2 443.4
383.7 429.0 426.0
384.5
492.1 490.0
194.8
235.4 239.9
183.2
178.7
196.9
255.1 256.5
204.1
232.2 233.7
253.8 250.5
189.2 207.7
187.5
-

_
_
12,677

18,536 18,466 18,396 18,363 18,323

12,856

12,790

10,680 10,662 10,712 10,712 10,702

7,319

7,298

7,330

7,345

7,339

635.1
69.9
161.1
127.7
32.1
223.7
85.6
60.7
23.9
26.0
43.0
66.0
52.9
71.4

633.2
69.9
159.6
126.5
31.8
223.3
85.2
60.8
23.8
26.0
42.9
66.3
53.1
71.2

645.8
65.8
160.7
127.6
31.7
235.2
89.8
64.4
23.7
27.4
43.0
70.2
55.8
70.9

641.8
65.0
159.5
126.5
31.6
232.9
89.0
64.1
23.5
26.8
43.2
70.8
56.2
70.4

641.4
-

400.3
231.2
106.9
75.5
15.4
23.8

400.6
233.2
107.9
75.7
16.4
23.7

395.7
229.6
107.9
74.6
13.3
23.9

397.5
231.7
107.9
74.8
14.8
24.1

397.5

Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills
Millwork, plywood, and structural members .
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

770.8
85.9
186.0
147.7
36.7
279.1
110.1
75.9
27.8
29.2
50.4
81.9
62.7
87.5

769.8
86.3
184.6
146.5
36.5
278.9
110.1
75.9
27.7
29.1
50.3
82.4
62.9
87.3

782.3
81.4
184.8
147.3
35.9
290.7
115.2
79.7
27.9
29.4
50.7
87.7
66.6
87.0

778.5
80.7
183.3
146.0
35.7
289.2
114.5
79.8
27.8
28.9
50.8
88.0
67.0
86.5

777.1
-

Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture .
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515

506.6
277.3
125.8
89.8
19.1
30.9

507.1
279.7
126.9
89.8
20.3
31.0

500.0
274.2
125.8
88.7
16.8
31.1

501.1
275.9
125.4
89.0
18.4
31.2

501.7

See footnotes at end of table.




12,718 12,714

-

60

_
_
-

_
-

_
_
-

-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Furniture and fixtures—Continued
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Mineral wool

1987
SIC
Code

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

252
253
254
259

62.1
42.4
87.1
37.7

62.1
42.1
85.6
37.6

60.9
43.6
84.5
36.8

60.2
43.1
84.9
37.0

32
321
322

545.9
15.4
73.6
31.0
42.6
62.8
17.6
34.1
41.0
212.1
17.8
70.5

544.0
15.7
73.0
30.6
42.4
62.7
17.4
33.8
40.8
211.4
17.7
70.2
106.2
76.0
19.7
2.5
24.0

548.3
15.4
70.6
28.2
42.4
61.9
17.9
34.0
38.7
220.5
18.0
72.2
112.9
75.6

547.2
15.5
70.8
28.0
42.8
61.6
17.5
33.8
38.7
220.1
18.1
72.3
112.4
75.6

19.0
2.4
24.4

19.1
2.4
24.4

708.1
239.1
169.7
27.5

706.4
239.1
170.4
26.7
126.1
80.3

706.3
237.7
168.7
26.7
126.8

4.1
25.4
40.8
22.5

4.1
25.5
40.7
22.5
167.3
22.6

3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
3296

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331
3312
3317
332

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee

34
341

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335

3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3411
342
3423,5

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469

106.6
76.0
19.7
2.4
24.0
708.7

239.8
170.3
27.5

130.0
83.5
4.3
27.1
40.2
22.6
166.9
22.3
22.2
73.7
87.0
24.7

129.8
83.2
4.2
27.0
40.7
22.5
166.2

22.1
22.1
73.1
87.8
24.7

167.3
22.5
21.8
72.4
89.2
24.8

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1996P

546.6

702.5
232.9

80.7

21.7
72.8

89.7
24.9

-

!

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

46.2
33.7
64.4
24.8

46.2
33.4
63.1
24.7

45.1
34.5
62.6
23.9

44.7
34.1
63.0
24.0

424.4
12.3
62.0
27,8
34.2
48.5
13.3
26.2
32.8
162.8
11.5
53.2
84.6
56.9
14.8
2.0

423.8
12.8
61.6
27.4
34.2
48.5
13.1
26.0
32.6
162.6
11.4
53.1
84.5
57.0
14.9
2.0

428.6
12.2
59.6
25.4
34.2
48.1
13.7
26.7
30.8

427.7
12.4
59.8
25.2
34.6
47.8
13.3
26.5
30.9
169.5
11.4
54.9
89.8
57.5
15.1
2.0

427.4

550.3
182.9
130.3
20.7

549.5
182.3
129.7
20.6

550.0!
183.2

547.6

106.4
69.1
3.3
22.2
30.6

106.2

550.0
184.1
131.9
20.2
102.9
66.3
3.2
20.6
31.4

17.8
126.5
17.2
16.11
55.81
71.1!
20.4 j

69.0
3.2
22.0
31.0
17.8
126.0
17.0
16.0J
55.3;
71.41
20.3

169.9
11.4
54.8
90.2
57.6
15.0
2.1

17.9
126.6
17.4j

15.9|
54.5!
72.8;
20.5!

130.9
20.1
103.5
66.7
3.2
20.7
31.1 i
17.9|

179.2

126.9!
17.5!
15.8
55.0
73.11
20.41

1,440.1 1,443.4 1,455.6 1,460.2 1,463.1 1,082.4 1,083.9 1.093.7J 1.099.2J 1,102.6
34.1!
34.4!
34.1!
34.7
39.7
40.2
39.8
40.6
28.6|
27.8!
28.5
32.6
33.0
32.1
28.4!
32.9
95.7]
95.7!
96.0
96.6
127.1
126.5
127.3
127.5
34.31
34.0 j
34.0
34.5
44.3
44.2
44.4
44.3
53.6;
53.8!
53.8
71.2
54.5
70.7
71.0
71.3
41.4!
40.9|
41.0
57.8
41.5!
57.7
56.7
56.7
16.0|
16.21
16.11
22.0
16.0!
22.1
22.1
22.0
20.0
432.5
74.4
76.5
102.6
110.7
29.2
98.5
50.7
47.8

252.8
31.0
116.8
93.7

20.2
433.6
74.5
76.5
102.8
111.0
29.4
98.7
50.8
47.9
254.2
30.8
117.3
94.8

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

61

21.1

445.1
76.9
79.0
102.0
115.7
30.8
97.6
49.9
47.7
253.2
30.3
117.2
94.4

21.3
445.9
77.2
78.5
102.7

116.1
30.7
98.7
50.5
48.2
254.6
30.7
118.2
94.3

13.7!
315.8!
54.41
57.0!
73.7!
84.0 j
20.9 j
77.2|
41.4'
35.8

13.8|
316.2J
54.5J
57.0!
73.7;
84.1!
21.11
77.5
41.4
36.1

203.2
23.8
98.6
72.2

203.7
23.6
98.7
72.9

14.5:
326.1;
56.5!
58.8
73.2
89.0
21.8
76.4
40.5
35.9
202.0
23.1
97.7
72.6

14.6;
327.4!
57.0!
58.8 i
73.6!

89.41
21.9J
77.41
41.2
36.2
203.8
23.5
98.9
72.7!

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Fabricated metal products—Continued
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

1987
SIC

347
3471
3479
348
3483
349
3494
3496

Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

129.3
80.0
49.3
49.9
25.5
252.3
25.0
56.6

129.5
79.8
49.7
49.8
25.5
253.8
25.2
57.4

Aug.
1996

134.8
83.4
51.4
47.5
24.8
253.0
25.1
57.2

Sept.
1996P

135.5
83.6
51.9
47.5
24.9
253.4
25.0
57.4

Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

101.1
62.6
38.5
27.9
11.3
185.5
18.8
43.0

Oct.
1995

101.3
62.5
38.8
27.8
11.3
186.7
19.1
43.5

Aug.
1996

106.3
65.9
40.4
26.0
10.6
185.4
18.8
43.2

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

107.1
66.2
40.9
26.0
10.7
185.3
18.6
43.3

2,063.1 2,067.8 2,081.2 2,075.6 2,076.0 1,291.6 1,293.0 1,292.1 1,292.5 1,292.5
54.0
52.6
52.5
84.3
84.2
86.9
54.6
86.9
14.5
14.3
14.0
25.5
25.1
25.7
14.6
25.7
39.5
38.3
38.5
58.8
59.1
61.2
40.0
61.2
70.4
66.4
65.9
93.1
92.7
96.9
70.5
96.7
51.6
51.3
51.0
71.6
71.4
72.8
52.1
72.3
146.3
145.8 146.2 145.8
223.5 223.7 225.7 225.6
53.5
53.9
79.5
79.1
78.8
53.9
53.8
78.7
9.2
10.1
15.9
16.0
16.6
9.2
10.0
16.6
28.3
27.4
42.2
41.9
40.2
28.7
27.4
40.0
23.0
23.4
40.2
40.4
40.6
22.9
23.3
40.7
20.2
20.1
29.4
29.7
29.2
20.1
20.0
29.2
342.4 343.3
341.5 342.1
243.6 243.6 241.7 243.2
25.0
24.9
41.2
41.1
40.6
40.4
25.2
24.9
11.0
11.4
17.1
17.1
17.4
17.5
11.0
11.5
124.1
122.7
163.3
123.1
123.3
161.8 162.0 162.1
35.9
36.1
51.6
51.9
51.4
36.2
36.1
51.2
17.0
17.1
24.7
24.8
25.3
17.6
17.6
25.4
97.1
96.5
100.0 100.1
175.3 174.5 173.6
174.5
9.5
9.4
10.3
14.4
10.3
14.4
15.5
15.6
12.6
12.3
13.0
22.3
12.9
22.3
23.6
23.5
15.4
15.4
15.7
25.7
15.5
25.6
25.3
25.4
162.2 161.3
162.2 162.6
251.8 252.7 253.8 253.0
16.7
16.9
16.6
16.6
29.5
29.7
29.1
29.2
30.7
31.2
30.8
30.8
38.8
38.9
38.9
38.8
15.2
15.2
14.9
14.8
25.9
26.1
25.6
25.5
23.4
23.4
23.4
23.2
35.3
35.4
34.9
34.8
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.0
17.2
17.2
17.3
17.1
14.6
14.6
14.8
14.6
20.9
20.9
21.2
20.9
124.9 124.1
123.3
122.0
354.5 359.4 356.6 356.6
352.1
55.4
55.8
55.3
54.3
194.0
192.2 193.7 195.1
57.7
201.9
138.4
334.0
22.4
266.5

58.0
200.9
137.1
335.0
22.4
267.4

57.0
209.7
144.4
338.8
22.5
270.3

56.6
207.8
142.5
338.3
22.7
269.7

20.8
144.2
104.4
248.7
17.8
203.5

21.1
143.0
103.1
249.8
17.7
204.7

22.5
151.1
110.2
251.5
17.5
205.7

22.4
149.3
108.4
252.2
17.7
206.1

1,634.0 1,638.9 1,651.7 1,650.0 1,648.4 1,044.9 1,049.8 1,047.4 1,049.9 1,049.9
55.8
55.8
57.0
82.2
57.0
82.3
82.2
82.1
28.0
28.1
29.3
39.8
29.4
40.8
39.7
40.7
27.7
42.4
27.7
27.8
41.4
27.6
41.4
42.6
111.8 107.8 110.3
112.0
158.6 158.5 155.3 157.7
61.9
59.9
57.6
74.9
79.0
79.2
62.0
77.1
35.0
59.7
35.3
35.3
59.0
59.2
35.2
59.8
97.6
97.5
96.8
97.1
120.2 122.2 122.0
119.9
25.9
26.1
26.2
31.7
29.6
29.7
25.9
31.7
14.1
12.4
13.1
16.2
16.1
16.1
14.3
15.6
23.5
29.4
30.3
30.1
22.5
22.8
23.1
29.2

See footnotes at end of table.




Production workers1

All employees

62

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Electronic and other electrical equipment—Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

177.7
22.7
62.2
17.1
19.3
86.1
56.2
264.1
112.4
595.6
24.7
243.8
138.3
154.6
26.7
69.8

177.1
21.9
62.0
17.3
19.4
85.8
56.3
264.2
112.4
591.3
24.7
241.9
137.0
154.9
26.5
70.5

Aug.
1996

175.1
21.3
61.8
16.7
18.9
83.0
55.2
263.1
112.8
615.3
24.7
261.8
140.9
155.5
26.8
71.5

Sept.
1996P

174.9
21.2
61.8
16.8
18.9
83.5
55.6
262.6
113.0
611.4
24.9
259.8
140.3
155.6
26.8
71.5

Oct.
1996P

_
_
_
_
_
_
609.7
_
_
_
_
_
-

126.7
16.3
41.0
13.1
14.9
58.9
36.0
129.5
59.0
352.8
16.7
106.6
89.8
110.9
20.7
55.3

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

127.0
17.1
40.8
12.9
14.8
59.3
36.1
129.9
59.2
356.0
16.7
107.3
91.3
111.2
20.9
54.9

125.5
16.4
40.5
13.0
14.2
55.9
34.5
125.4
57.2
366.5
17.3
116.7
93.9
113.7
21.1
56.9

Sept.
1996P

125.4
16.4
40.5
13.0
14.2
56.3
34.6
125.1
57.3
365.7
17.6
116.9
93.7
113.8
21.1
56.9

Oct.
1996P

_
_
_
_
_
_.
_
_
-

1,784.4 1,756.1 1,765.9 1,772.9 1,765.3 1,199.7 1,170.8 1,191.7 1,199.1 1,188.6
761.3
962.2
957.7
972.9 970.5
752.7 758.0
746.0
760.6
948.5
_
_
365.7 363.8
274.4 273.8
358.0
356.4
271.2 273.0
_
38.9
38.5
38.8
31.0
38.2
30.8
31.3
30.7
_
_
514.4
510.9
409.3
510.5 511.4
410.4 408.8 412.6
_
31.8
31.2
31.5
38.8
24.8
25.1
31.2
38.2
_
455.2 462.5 209.6
446.4 422.0 451.1
182.6 214.4 217.9
_
_
95.7
95.5
94.1
241.6
69.0
239.6
216.0
240.1
_
_
50.0
49.3
46.7
95.8
95.0
93.9
94.0
46.3
_
72.4
71.0
67.2
117.8
116.5
112.1
112.3
67.3
_
116.8
122.9
152.1
117.2
122.3
153.2
158.5
158.7
_
_
70.6
71.2
77.0
77.8
96.8
97.9
104.3
104.9
_
55.3
55.3
54.2
46.2
45.1
53.8
46.0
45.3
_
_
26.4
27.5
26.4
27.4
35.2
35.2
36.8
37.2
_
25.1
25.3
27.2
93.3
92.8
26.9
96.5
97.0
_
_
16.6
17.1
68.4
68.7
16.5
16.9
67.0
66.2
39.3
36.6
37.0
54.1
51.9
52.5
39.9
54.8
17.0
22.5
23.3
20.5
20.5
19.0
19.8
16.8
-

Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Miscellaneous transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379
3792

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

834.8
155.3
285.2
42.8
63.3
70.5
265.2
101.7
94.7
37.1
84.5
7.5

832.2
153.8
284.8
42.7
63.5
70.3
264.5
101.5
94.3
37.1
84.5
7.5

834.0
152.2
288.4
42.2
64.1
72.7
267.4
103.2
93.0
35.1
83.7
7.2

832.5
151.6
287.6
41.8
63.9
72.6
267.4
103.2
92.8
35.0
83.7
7.2

831.9
_
-

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
:
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391
3911
393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961
399
3993

391.6
51.2
38.2
14.3
116.6
42.1
74.5
31.5
26.1
15.6
151.9
64.1

394.7
51.7
38.8
14.3
118.7
42.7
76.0
31.7
26.2
15.6
152.1
64.2

386.4
48.4
35.8
15.3
113.5
41.7
71.8
31.9
25.7
15.1
151.6
63.9

387.2
48.8
36.0
15.4
113.5
41.5
72.0
31.8
25.3
14.8
152.4
64.3

See footnotes at end of table.




Sept.
1995

63

413.9
46.7
146.3
28.1
31.5
32.1
152.1
62.8
59.4
24.1
38.7
6.0

412.6
43.1
146.3
27.2
32.4
31.9
156.2
66.5
56.8
22.7
38.5
5.8

413.2
42.9
146.6
27.1
32.1
32.3
156.7
66.5
57.3
22.7
38.4
5.9

416.4
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
-

412.9
46.9
145.7
28.0
31.3
32.0
151.9
62.5
59.6
23.9
38.6
5.9

389.1
_
_
_
_
_
-

277.6
35.7
26.5
11.5
83.4
28.4
55.0
21.3
18.1
10.8
107.6
43.0

279.9
36.2
27.0
11.5
84.8
28.8
56.0
21.4
18.2
10.9
107.8
43.0

272.0
33.3
24.2
12.0
78.9
28.2
50.7
21.3
18.3
10.8
108.2
42.4

273.8
33.9
24.6
12.1
79.6
28.2
51.4
21.4
18.0
10.6
108.8
42.6

275.1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048
205
2051
2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

Production workers

All employees
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

7,856 7,804 7,684 7,651
5,537 5,492 5,388 5,369 5,338
7,621
1,750.4 1,720.5 1,721.4 1,708.1 1,680.1 1,305.7 1,277.7 1,286.3 1,276.1 1,250.2
470.4 462.5 461.2
401.4 401.1
393.9 393.1
471.1
_
_
119.0 117.3 114.5 114.3
141.5 139.9 137.5 136.2
_
_
73.2
94.1
93.4
93.1
72.7
72.5
72.2
93.2
_
_
210.2 211.3 206.2 206.1
230.9 231.8
236.5 237.1
96.1
97.1
95.5
96.2
149.2 148.4 147.6 145.7
_
_
40.4
40.7
32.7
40.1
33.0
33.0
33.3
40.1
35.4
35.4
35.5
65.8
65.6
35.6
63.1
63.2
253.5 220.6 246.6 236.0
_
261.0 286.4 275.4
295.1
_
17.8
22.7
18.1
18.0
18.9
22.3
22.1
21.7
_
117.4
92.7
99.9
73.3
102.6
106.0
86.8 113.5
46.5
50.9
51.3
52.5
_
57.2
58.9
52.9
57.5
_
90.6
92.1
91.1
128.7 129.8 126.7 127.3
90.0
_
12.7
12.5
_
19.6
19.4
11.9
11.8
18.9
18.9
27.4
26.8
26.6
26.9
42.4
42.4
43.3
42.9
135.7 136.1
142.6 142.3
211.4 210.4 201.8 202.5
86.9
87.4
91.3
91.4
143.1
147.6 147.3 143.1
63.8
103.8
5.1
4.3
10.1
56.0
31.6
177.7
35.9
93.0
181.8

63.1
113.1
6.0
4.3
15.3
58.8
31.9
176.8
35.4
92.3
178.7

58.7
98.1
4.3
4.5
6.9
56.2
31.7
179.1
35.0
96.0
187.5

59.4
102.3
4.4
4.5
8.9
57.5
31.8
178.8
34.4
94.6
183.1

44.2
28.3

44.1
28.3

39.8
28.1

42.5
28.3

51.2
82.0
3.6
3.3
9.0
45.3
20.8
83.9
23.7
36.7
134.2

51.0
90.8
4.5
3.2
14.2
47.7
21.3
82.6
23.2
36.2
131.4

48.3
77.3
3.3
3.4
5.8
45.6
21.9
84.9
22.3
40.0
138.9

49.2
81.4
3.4
3.4
7.8
46.8
22.0
85.1
22.0
38.9
135.7

42.6
-

34.2
21.1

34.2
21.1

30.6
20.6

33.5
20.9

34,0
-

557.2
68.9
58.2
12.6
19.0
165.9
18.8
36.0
52.4
19.0
22.3
58.9
28.1
19.1
50.0
83.6
64.5
13.2
40.1

553.7
69.0
58.2
12.1
18.8
163.7
18.8
35.9
51.7
18.5
21.5
58.4
27.8
19.0
50.7
83.1
64.2
13.1
39.7

539.7
65.3
56.9
13.4
17.2
159.1
17.5
35.8
49.1
19.2
20.4
56.6
26.6
18.4
49.5
82.0
62.0
13.8
39.7

537.0
65.0
56.8
11.9
17.1
157.4
17.6
35.4
48.7
18.7
19.9
56.8
26.7
18.3
50.2
82.1
62.1
13.8
39.7

537.2
_
_
-

762.7
29.2
210.9
44.7
65.7
34.6
227.0
23.6
35.8
24.5
143.1

752.4
29.1
202.6
43.8
61.5
33.5
225.2
22.9
35.9
24.0
142.4

690.0
26.0
186.7
38.3
59.5
32.2
199.5
19.9
32.8
23.5
123.3

692.8
25.9
186.8
37.9
59.6
32.2
203.0
19.8
33.0
23.0
127.2

686.8
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_

_
_
-

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

659.5
78.1
69.8
14.8
22.7
193.6
21.7
41.0
61.4
21.7
26.8
72.2
34.2
24.0
61.8
94.7
72.3
15.4
51.8

655.9
78.3
69.5
14.4
22.5
191.3
21.8
41.0
60.6
21.1
26.0
71.7
33.9
23.9
62.4
94.2
71.8
15.4
51.6

637.4
74.0
67.5
15.5
20.9
184.8
20.2
40.9
56.9
21.4
24.9
69.6
32.7
23.0
61.3
92.4
69.4
16.0
51.4

633.1
73.5
67.3
13.9
20.6
183.1
20.3
40.4
56.5
21.1
24.3
69.8
32.8
22.9
61.6
92.3
69.3
16.0
51.0

632.5
_
_
_

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339

921.9
35.8
248.7
53.4
76.7
39.9
275.1
29.7
44.3
31.5
169.6

908.9
35.5
239.4
52.2
72.1
38.7
272.6
28.8
44.4
31.0
168.4

842.3
31.9
220.6
45.5
69.0
37.4
245.5
25.4
41.2
30.5
148.4

844.5
32.0
220.9
44.8
69.6
37.5
248.8
25.4
41.4
29.6
152.4

838.1

See footnotes at end of table.




Sept.
1995

64

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Apparel and other textile products—Continued
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

1987
SIC
Code

234
2341
2342
236
2361
238

239
2391

2392
2396

Paper and allied products
Paper mills
Paperboard mills
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

26
262
263
265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276

Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.

Sept.
1996P

46.6
34.9
11.7
43.2
17.4
36.0
216.7
20.1
56.8
58.6

45.5
33.8
11.7
42.3
16.9
36.4
217.5
19.9
57.1
58.5

40.8
30.3
10.5
37.1
13.7
35.4
212.3
19.3
55.1
56.3

40.9
30.4
10.5
36.5
13.3
35.4
211.4
19.0
55.7
56.5

690.7

687.8
161.8
50.7
220.0
131.1
18.3
47.5

678.7

676.4
158.9

162.9
51.1
219.8
130.3
18.5
47.7
244.4
48.1

39.2

242.9
47.9
39.2

23.8

23.8

161.0
51.0
218.7
131.3
18.4

218.9
131.4
18.1

46.6
235.9
45.6

46.9
235.9
45.5

38.1
23.3

38.0
23.5

Oct.
1996P

674.3

50.6

44.9
69.7

279

55.1

44.6

69.2
54.5

43.7
68.2
52.5

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

37.5
29.2
8.3
35.2
14.3
29.8
177.2
15.9
48.8
47.1

32.4
25.3
7.1
30.6
11.6
28.9
171.2
15.4
46.8
44.8

32.6
25.4
7.2
30.3
11.4
29.1
170.5
15.0
47.5
45.2

523.6
125.5
39.2

521.9

517.0
124.8
38.9
169.7
98.2
16.3
37.8
174.1
24.1
29.3
18.0

515.6
123.3
38.7
169.8
98.3
16.0
38.1
174.3
24.5
29.4
18.2

515.3

833.1

829.3

149.0
43.1
63.6
33.3
30.3
40.7
399.3
259.7
123.4
30.3
52.8
36.5

829.4

148.6

39.7
399.4

564.3
53.0
34.9
101.3
46.5
35.0
118.6
97.9
93.4
23.1
22.4
47.9
30.5
82.8
15.2
65.6
30.5
54.2

563.5

108.7
95.9
24.4
23.8
47.7
29.5
83.6
15.3
66.3
30.0
54.7

568.2
53.3
34.9
101.7
46.9
35.0
119.7
98.8
93.8
23.5
22.5
47.8
30.6
84.0
15.6
66.5
30.6
54.5

841.7

43.7

153.5
42.4
62.3
32.2
30.1
38.4
405.1
263.4
124.6
31.2

66.5
52.0

53.9
39.2

1,032.0 1,030.4 1,026.3 1,018.4 1,019.4
117.4 116.9 116.2 115.5
70.2
72.0
70.3
71.6
156.6 156.1 154.6 153.8
75.1
75.9
74.7
74.6
45.6
45.7
47.7
48.0
257.3 257.1 256.1 253.3
207.7 207.6 205.5 203.0

Oct.
1995

38.5
30.2
8.3
35.9
14.5
29.3
176.1
16.0
48.4
47.1

171.4
98.0
16.3
38.8
177.8
24.3
29.9
18.3

1,536.1 1,535.8 1,525.9 1,520.4 1,526.1
444.0 445.0 439.7 439.6
129.9 130.1 131.0 130.1
120.0 119.0 121.0 119.7
81.9
82.7
81.6
83.0
37.8
37.4
38.0
37.3
84.2
83.3
85.1
83.0
562.4 562.4 558.6 558.0
367.1 367.1 364.3 362.7
173.9 173.7 173.5 174.1

278
28
281
2819
282

Production workers1

All employees

579.9
53.5
35.1

124.9
38.6
171.7
98.6
16.2
38.7
177.1
23.9
30.1
18.5
840.0
154.1
42.5
61.3
31.5
29.8
38.7
404.3

262.9
124.1
30.9
53.5
38.8
580.2
53.2
35.0
103.9
46.8
35.6

43.1
62.1
32.0
30.1
258.7
124.0
30.3
51.4
36.2

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

2865
2869
287
289

118.3
51.8

51.9

147.1
26.0
118.5
52.4

91.4

91.7

90.6

41.9
39.5
69.8
57.0
145.7
25.2
117.9
51.5
90.4

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

144.3
102.2
28.4

144.0

142.4
98.4
29.9

140.2
96.8
29.5

139.2

93.9
65.0
21.6

93.6
64.8
21.5

93.4
63.0
22.9

92.0
61.9
22.7

90.9

101.8
28.5

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052

971.3
79.3
6.7
68.5
27.4
110.2

974.1
78.2
5.6

972.6
77.7
5.4
68.2
27.3
110.3
711.0

974.3

754.9
57.6
5.4
52.4
21.3
85.1
554.4

756.9
57.7
5.2
52.2
21.3
85.1
556.7

755.6
56.8
4.6
51.8
20.8
84.4
558.0

754.7
56.5
4.5
52.1
21.1
84.7
556.9

756.4

2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285

286

306
308

154.3
42.4
41.4
70.5
56.4
146.8

153.5
42.7
40.7
70.1

56.1
147.1
26.0
118.5

25.9

972.4
79.3
6.5
68.4
27.4
110.2
708.0

706.6

See footnotes at end of table.




65

152.1
42.4

39.7
70.0
57.2

68.1
27.1
109.8
712.4

151.2

104.6
47.1
35.9
128.7
108.3
95.7
23.6
24.1
48.0
29.6
83.5
15.2
66.3
29.8
54.5

129.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

1987
SIC
Code

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation

All employees
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Production workers

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Oct.
1996P

_
_
-

81.7
11.0
42.3
19.7
14.4
8.0
8.1

73.7
10.5
36.6
18.3
11.2
7.8
6.7

73.2
10.5
36.6
18.2
11.1
7.8
6.6

73.9
_
_
_
_
-

6,382

6,388

5,227

5,261

5,321

5,376

5,378

4,030

4,091

4,101

-

-

-

-

-

_
_

_

429.4
198.8
_
25.2
-

_
_
_
-

1,884.8 1,900.9 1,909.4 1,899.8 1,897.4 1,641.8 1,658.3 1,664.2 1,654.1
_
1,735.8 1,750.5 1,756.3 1,744.2
1,516.9 1,531.6 1,536.2 1,523.6
124.0
122.7
120.9
126.5
144.5
145.9
148.6
151.2
-

_
_
-

104.5
13.3
52.0
25.4
17.3
10.6
12.0

95.5
12.7
45.9
23.8
14.0
10.5
10.6

94.8
12.7
45.7
23.5
13.9
10.5
10.5

94.8

6,234

6,263

6,331

3,971

3,994

40
4011

238.5
212.0

237.2
210.8

232.6
206.4

233.4
207.4

232.1
-

_

_

-

-

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation

41
411
412
413
415

443.0
205.7
31.9
25.0
148.4

449.5
205.8
32.9
24.6
153.4

393.1
218.4
34.1
27.2
80.6

468.7
219.3
33.8
27.7
153.4

476.5
_

408.7
186.7
_
23.0
-

414.3
186.7
_
22.6
-

Intercity and rural bus transportation
School buses

Sept.
1996P

83.1
11.2
43.4
20.2
14.7
8.0
8.0

105.5
13.5
52.9
25.6
17.8
10.6
11.8

Railroad transportation
Class I railroads plus Amtrak2

Taxicabs

Aug.
1996

-

354.2
198.4
24.6
-

-

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air...
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

Water transportation
Water transportation of freight, nee
Water transportation services

44
444
449

176.9
12.7
120.4

173.2
13.0
118.3

179.6
13.9
124.8

176.0
13.9
122.4

171.7
-

_
106.9

_
105.1

_
111.1

_
108.8

-

Transportation by air
Air transportation, scheduled
Air transportation, scheduled
Airports, flying fields, and services

45
451
4512
458

797.0
640.4
490.8
111.1

800.4
643.3
490.4
111.1

856.1
681.7
516.8
121.5

854.6
680.7
516.6
121.5

861.1
_
-

_
-

_
_
-

_
_
-

_
-

_
-

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

14.6

14.5

14.1

13.8

13.7

11.7

11.6

11.4

11.1

-

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

415.9
202.7
161.1
170.5

418.3
202.9
161.1
172.3

444.7
212.5
168.2
182.8

445.0
211.2
167.4
184.4

448.9
_
_
-

332.9
165.5
131.1
132.3

335.3
165.9
131.3
133.7

358.0
176.7
140.0
140.5

358.4
175.5
139.3
142.1

-

2,263

2,269

2,301

2,291

2,287

-

-

-

-

-

Communications and public utilities
Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Radio broadcasting stations
Television broadcasting stations
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
4832
4833
484

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Automobiles and other motor vehicles
Motor vehicle supplies and new parts
Furniture and home furnishings
Furniture
Home furnishings

50
501
5012
5013
502
5021
5023

1,349.6 1,357.0 1,403.8 1,401.2 1,401.7 1,041.1 1,049.5 1,101.9 1,102.7
734.9
735.9
927.4 932.3
693.2 699.3
957.2
958.8
_
639.4
638.7
615.1 619.4
836.1 833.2
822.6 826.0
204.2 205.0
199.5 200.3
244.6 245.2
237.4 238.0
116.4
114.1
113.9
116.1
128.8
123.9
128.5
123.5
149.4
150.8
135.5
137.3
162.7
176.9
178.2
160.6
-




-

721.6
313.4
117.3
127.2
138.8

722.6
312.6
117.8
127.7
139.6

711.0
305.8
115.8
125.4
137.2

704.4
302.7
113.3
124.8
137.5

_
-

6,630

6,650

5,244

5,255

5,373

5,358

5,375

3,871
505.2
135.4
293.3
160.7
74.7
86.0

3,875
_

3,024
402.8
_
121.1
-

3,033
403.6
_
123.0
-

3,109
416.9
_
126.6
-

3,090
413.0
127.7
-

_
-

913.0
401.4
151.7
166.0
161.6

912.2
399.8
151.9
165.7
162.6

897.4
386.6
148.4
162.3
166.0

889.5
382.8
146.0
161.7
165.6

884.8
_

6,467

6,483

6,638

3,761
494.9
130.0
289.7
151.1
70.0
81.1

3,775
495.6
130.6
289.6
153.5
70.3
83.2

3,886
508.7
136.4
295.6
159.0
74.3
84.7

See footnotes at end of table.

66

_
-

_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Wholesale trade—Continued
Durable goods—-Continued
Lumber and other construction materials
Lumber, plywood, and millwork
Construction materials, nee
Professional and commercial equipment
Office equipment
Computers, peripherals and software
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Electrical apparatus and equipment
Electrical appliances, television and radio sets
Electronic parts and equipment
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment
Hardware
Plumbing and hydronic heating supplies
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Construction and mining machinery
Farm and garden machinery
Industrial machinery and equipment
Industrial supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods
Scrap and waste materials
Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Stationery and office supplies
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Groceries, general line
Meats and meat products
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Petroleum bulk stations and terminals
Petroleum products, nee
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Beer and ale
Wine and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods
Farm supplies

1987
SIC
Code

General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

503
5031
5039
504
5044
5045
5047
505
506
5063
5064
5065
507
5072
5074
508
5082
5083
5084
5085
509
5093

244.3
123.6
39.2
818.3
192.5
305.5
177.2
143.8
494.1
211.9
49.9
232.3
288.1
102.3
114.2
791.4
82.4
119.6
320.9
150.3
334.9
131.7

244.3
123.3
39.3
823.9
193.6
306.3
179.3
144.5
494.6
212.7
49.3
232.6
287.5
101.4
113.9
791.8
82.9
118.5
321.3
150.0
338.8
133.1

253.7
126.8
41.2
868.4
206.5
320.3
190.2
149.3
504.0
218.7
48.3
237.0
294.9
103.7
116.0
811.4
86.2
122.0
328.4
152.6
337.0
133.8

253.5
126.2
41.5
865.4
206.0
320.2
188.6
149.1
500.2
218.1
47.2
234.9
292.5
102.8
115.1
808.1
85.9
120.7
327.1
151.9
336.7
133.5

51
511
5112
512
513
514
5141
5147
5148
515
516
517
5171
5172
518
5181
5182
519
5191

2,706
259.6
147.0
198.3
229.5
909.0
279.8
61.9
115.0
114.9
146.2
160.8
65.8
95.0
153.6
100.0
53.6
533.7
162.5

2,708
261.4
147.9
200.1
229.3
905.6
279.2
62.0
112.7
117.6
145.4
160.9
65.4
95.5
152.9
99.2
53.7
534.8
162.2

2,752
270.5
155.5
206.9
233.8
911.5
278.2
61.2
112.1
109.3
144.2
163.4
65.9
97.5
157.5
103.5
54.0
555.3
171.1

2,759
268.5
153.3
207.6
236.1
916.4
276.7
61.3
121.5
111.0
142.7
163.4
66.1
97.3
155.8
101.9
53.9
557.4
169.9

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

Production workers1

All employees
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

201.5
_
_
_
_
_
_

658.6
146.6
116.1
388.0
_
_
233.0
_
630.0

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

201.7
_
660.3
_
148.2
116.5
388.2
_

210.3
690.7
156.3
120.6
384.0
_
-

_
232.2
_
_
630.3
_
_

_
_

_
_

_
-

272.8
-

_
276.9
-

2,775
-

2,220
215.3
_
164.2
183.0
764.1
_
_

2,222
217.0
_
165.2
182.4
760.8
_
_

94.2
109.8
132.9
_

97.0
109.4
133.4
_
124.7

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

125.0

-

431.5
-

Sept.
1996P

209.6
685.4

_

_
154.4
120.4
378.6

_
_
_
_

_
238.4

236.7

_
648.7
_

_
645.3

53
531
533
539

878.1
518.9
67.7
163.8
90.5

873.8
517.1
67.5
162.3
90.2

946.2
564.3
71.3
166.9
102.5

935.9
557.6
71.0
166.4
100.1

935.1
_
_
-

733.0
441.5
52.8
134.5
73.9

_
_
_
_

_

432.5
-

272.4
-

_
273.0
-

2,264
226.6
_
172.5
188.3
767.8

2,268
224.1
_
172.8
190.3
772.2

_
88.8
106.7
135.0
128.1
450.4
-

_
90.1
105.2
134.7
_
126.1
_
_
452.5
-

21,336 21,284 21,855 21,801 21,785 18,764 18,719 19,224 19,161
52
521
523
525
526

Oct.
1996P

728.9
440.3
52.4
133.0
73.4

790.9
480.3
55.5
137.1
84.9

780.5
473.9
55.2
136.7
82.0

_
_
_
_
_
-

_
_
_
19,147
_
_
-

2,662.6 2,738.0 2,699.1 2,714.2 2,786.3 2,478.0 2,547.9 2,511.6 2,526.3
2,338.5 2,410.8 2,386.9 2,401.7 2,467.4 2,196.6 2,264.1 2,243.1 2,257.1
125.8
117.7
125.3
134.7
134.0
108.0
107.4
118.0
190.1
186.9
192.5
186.7
165.8
161.2
161.1
163.7
-

_
_
-

Food stores
Grocery stores
Meat and fish markets
Dairy products stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
542
545
546

3,371.3 3,380.9 3,456.3 3,437.6 3,457.6 3,065.4 3,071.6 3,131.2 3,109.9
2,989.9 2,995.8 3,036.0 3,019.5
2,740.3 2,742.4 2,771.2 2,753.2
_
_
_
_
46.3
48.2
46.3
48.2
_
_
_
13.8
10.7
11.4
13.7
190.0
187.7
199.1 201.3
174.8
164.2
176.9
166.6
-

_
_
_
_
-

Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers

55
551

2,213.8 2,211.6 2,316.5 2,313.9 2,310.7 1,845.9 1,841.7 1,937.3 1,933.2
1,003.8 1,005.4 1,041.5 1,043.3 1,046.1 839.0 839.6 871.3 872.4

-

See footnotes at end of table.




67

_

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
Automotive dealers and service stations—Continued
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

1987
SIC
Code

553
554
559

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1995

379.6
653.4
8.8

Oct.
1995

381.1
649.6
8.8

Aug.
1996

405.4
679.9
9.4

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

406.9
677.5
9.3

1,097.5 1,101.1 1,099.0 1,082.3 1,089.3
79.0
81.8
81.0
78.2
321.0
328.1 328.3 322.8
302.5
296.8
309.7 311.8
209.4 205.8
200.8
201.1

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

303.0
562.9
7.2

304.3
558.2
7.2

325.0
589.4
7.7

325.8
586.6

891.6
64.6
263.9
264.3
156.9

899.1
65.7
265.4
267.9
156.6

906.0
63.2
266.5
262 A
163.9

889.7
62.2 j
264.7
257.2
159.8

760.1
392.9

768.3
397.5

795.8
421.2

800.3
425.7

62.4
304.8
137.5
60.1

62.4
308.4
140.4
60.4

58.6
316.0
144.3
58.6

57.8
316.8
144.6
60.2

7.71

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture stores
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores

57
571
5712
572
573
5731
5735

Eating and drinking places

58

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Liquor stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores
Sporting goods and bicycle shops
Book stores
Stationery stores
Jewelry stores
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods
Nonstore retailers
Catalog and mail-order houses
Merchandising machine operators
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Florists, tobacco stores, and newsstands
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

2,641.2 2,669.3 2,658.4 2,684.8 2,727.4 2,197.6 2,224.2 2,208.1 2,231.7
59
503.4
500.5 501.7
607.7
603.1 608.8
602.0
501.8
591
113.6
113.6
111.8
111.1
592
90.4
109.7
108.8
103.7
102.4
91.3
87.4
86.1
593
939.6
936.7 925.7
926.4
783.6
771.8
771.2
594
781.5
180.1
180.4
182.2
180.9
5941
128.8
116.8
118.6
125.7
5942
85.5
79.8
79.5
85.5
5943
129.9
134.4
132.1
130.1
5944
215.3 217.2 215.7
214.1
5947
52.4
54.9
54.0
52.5
5949
329.4 339.9 319.6
332.6
596
290.1 269.6 281.5
280.2
196.5
202.0 213.2
209.4
5961
68.1
68.2
70.0
70.3
5962
100.7
97.7
82.0
82.9
79.9
99.0
98.3
598
81.2
389.2 389.4 398.7 398.6
473.4 483.6 482.6
472.2
599
141.1
139.1
142.2
142.5
5992,3,4
56.6
55.4
54.2
53.9
66.3
65.8
5995
68.7
67.5
220.6
214.0 221.8
216.1
266.0 273.6 271.7
267.3
5999

Finance, insurance, and real estate3
Finance

940.5
486.6
290.5
76.9
377.0
166.6
80.1

947.8
491.2
292.2
76.6
380.0
169.2
80.2

978.9
521.0
310.7
72.4
385.5
173.7
75.2

984.0
525.5
313.9
71.6
386.9
174.6
76.2

7,531.2 7,361.8 7,700.5 7,647.9 7,482.0 6,792.8 6,637.6 6,943.2 6,889.6

6,850

6,839

7,079

7,014

7,009

3,233

3,235

3,360

3,335

3,338

4,998

4,985

5,184

5,117

2,016.1 2,011.2 2,045.6 2,026.9 2,027.8 1,450.5 1,446.1 1,477.0 1,458.7
1,461.6 1,457.9 1,484.3 1,471.3 1,472.5 1,037.3 1,034.2 1,057.6 1,044.3
428.6
434.5
421.1
422.1
599.3
586.1 605.0
587.4
615.7
623.1
613.1
615.2
872.0
879.3
874.2 871.8
268.4
265.4 260.2 259.2
269.7
143.4
145.7
145.5
145.9
116.8
119.7
122.9
123.8
163.9
157.7
163.8
130.3
125.6
157.3
130.5
125.2

Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee
Savings institutions
Federal savings institutions
Savings institutions, except federal
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
603
6035
6036
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions
Business credit institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers

61
614
615
616

465.0
143.5
93.8
205.6

470.2
144.9
95.0
208.0

519.4
157.1
104.6
234.3

519.7
157.1
104.8
234.3

Security and commodity brokers
Security brokers and dealers
Commodity contracts brokers, dealers, and
exchanges
Security and commodity services

62
621

524.0
400.1

523.3
398.9

550.8
420.2

546.6
416.7

622,3
628

23.9
100.0

24.1
100.3

25.0
105.6

24.8
105.1

Holding and other investment offices
Holding offices

67
671

228.2
104.8

230.5
105.1

244.1
112.9

242.2
112.9

See footnotes at end of table.




996.3

Oct.
1996P

68

520.1

337.9
105.2

341.5
106.4

374.0
111.2

374.5
110.9

65.3

65.5

69.6

69.3

232.3
548.6

241.8

5,115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Finance, insurance, and real estate—Continued
Insurance

1987
SIC
Code

63,64

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995
2,243

2,240

Aug.
1996

2,267

Sept.
1996P

2,261

Oct.
1996P

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Insurance agents, brokers, and service

64

698.2

701.1

709.8

709.3

709.5

65
651
653
655

1,377
578.1
652.5
116.3

1,361
572.9
644.2
113.9

1,452
607.3
689.4
122.7

1,418
592.5
674.7
119.1

1,409

33,523 33,663 34,830 34,730 34,919 29,338 29,478 30,475 30,359 30,530

Services

612.6
165.7
399.6

606.3
165.5
394.0

676.6
175.8
451.6

650.3
171.7
431.4

641.2

516.3
138.7
339.0

510.4
138.6
333.8

574.5
147.4
386.7

549.7
143.7
367.3

Agricultural services
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

07
074
078

Hotels and other lodging places
Hotels and motels

70
701

1,704.7 1,658.3 1,829.4 1,733.9 1,686.5
1,650.7 1,608.6 1,731.5 1,672.5
1,452.1 1,412.6 1,532.0 1,472.6

Personal services
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Photographic studios, portrait
Beauty shops
Funeral service and crematories
Miscellaneous personal services

72
721
722
723
726
729

1,134.4 1,136.7 1,135.5 1,148.5 1,158.9
434.5 435.0 438.1 437.3
80.6
78.9
75.7
81.1
394.7 395.8
388.6 390.1
95.1
92.1
95.6
91.6
123.3 121.8 114.8 123.3

Business services
Advertising
Advertising agencies
Credit reporting and collection
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services
Employment agencies
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Prepackaged software
Computer integrated systems design
Data processing and preparation
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services
Photofinishing laboratories

73
731
7311
732
733
7334
734
7342

6,980.8 7,050.3 7,348.6
239.5 241.1 257.0
161.7
174.3
162.7
122.7
120.4
121.5
281.7 286.9 308.9
76.5
70.0
71.3
891.7 888.2 901.5
87.1
82.4
84.0
807.7 805.8 814.4
231.6
230.9 236.8
39.9
38.5
38.1
44.9
42.6
42.5
150.9
149.9 152.0
2,600.6 2,637.9 2,756.0
299.1 298.3
306.8
2,301.5 2,339.6 2,449.2
1,103.8 1,112.7 1,219.2
250.6 253.6 277.4
189.3
189.2 210.7
130.8
131.4
142.0
226.7
228.5 243.9
57.2
67.7
58.5
48.7
51.8
48.7
1,511.5 1,531.1 1,546.5
546.0
549.4 555.1
48.8
49.7
48.5
75.1
72.6
77.0

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops

7349
735
7352
7353
7359
736

7361
7363
737
7371
7372
7373
7374
7375
7378
738
7381
7382
7384

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538

69

383.2

384.0

386.0

385.2

348.4

349.6

351.4

352.5

102.8

101.5

95.3

102.6

7,384.9 7,438.4 6,230.6 6,301.5 6,544.8 6,577.7
254.3
174.7 176.3 188.5 185.7
173.5
121.8
312.0
77.5

892.0

891.8

85.7
806.3
235.6

39.2
44.9
151.5
2,805.7 2,832.1

58.0
800.4
67.3
733.1
188.0
30.6
36.6
120.8

59.4
798.2

63.8
809.5

65.9
732.3
186.9
30.8
36.5
119.6

69.6
739.9
192.1
31.7
38.2
122.2

64.8
800.1
68.5
731.6
190.1
31.0
38.0
121.1

311.2
2,494.5 2,520.1 2,241.3 2,279.6 2,383.6 2,428.0
1,225.4 1,237.6

277.9
211.5
142.9
243.7
67.8
52.5
1,538.1
556.2
50.3
74.2

1,028.4 1,034.1 1,111.8 1,110.1 1,116.2
187.3
186.9 206.4 206.7
118.3
117.5
133.2
133.2
64.4
65.5
65.0
64.8
570.9
575.0 625.0 623.3
201.0 203.4 220.9
222.0
235.7 237.0 256.7 255.3

See footnotes at end of table.




Oct.
1996P

1,541.7 1,541.9 1,557.1 1,551.3 1,552.8 1,103.0 1,103.3 1,111.8 1,107.5
573.5 572.0 552.7 549.2
385.0 384.4 365.2 363.7
270.6
255.1 256.3 270.9
309.3 311.2 330.5 330.4
208.0 209.1 223.1 223.0
248.5 250.3 268.9 268.8
362.2
359.1 358.6 364.3
530.7 530.6 535.5 533.4
65.5
71.7
71.6
65.9

63
631
632

Real estate
Real estate operators and lessors
Real estate agents and managers
Subdividers and developers

Oct.
1995

2,262

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance
Title insurance

6324
633
636

Sept.
1995

888.7
211.0

896.7
213.6

969.8
230.4

975.0
231.0

98.3

98.8

101.6

101.9

50.5
44.7
50.7
38.4
39.9
38.0
1,323.3 1,343.5 1,353.0 1,344.2
507.6 511.7 515.9 517.4
42.6
41.2
41.0
42.1
43.7
40.1

848.0
153.9
98.9
57.2
460.8
165.6
188.4

852.8
153.7
98.2
58.1
464.3
167.7

189.7

916.0
170.8
112.2
57.5
504.2
181.8
206.1

913.8
171.0
112.1
57.2
501.9
182.2
204.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-12. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Auto repair, services, and parking—Continued
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

1987
SIC
Code

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

754
7542

205.8
113.9

206.7
114.9

215.4
118.0

215.3
118.5

Miscellaneous repair services
Electrical repair shops

76
762

358.6
109.6

357.7
108.4

369.6
115.0

368.8
115.1

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Motion picture theaters
Video tape rental

78
781
783
784

490.7
210.8
115.1
143.7

491.7
217.3
110.4
142.8

539.2
239.2
125.7
153.1

525.6
241.1
111.6
151.9

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

1,537.3 1,420.7 1,765.1 1,589.8 1,492.4 1,356.8 1,241.6 1,564.2 1,390.3
86.6
88.9
72.3
84.6
79.4
77.3
64.2
76.1
1,142.8 1,042.4 1,351.0 1,178.6
1,007.9 912.1 1,204.2 1,033.8
152.4
165.4
155.2
167.2
135.5
138.1
149.0
147.6
347.0 317.5
305.3
277.1
390.6
330.5
437.6 376.1

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners
Offices and clinics of chiropractors and optometrists ...
Nursing and personal care facilities
Skilled nursing care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Nursing and personal care, nee
Hospitals
General medical and surgical hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Specialty hospitals, excluding psychiatric
Medical and dental laboratories
Home health care services

80
801
802
804
8041,2
805
8051
8052
8059
806
8062
8063
8069
807
808

9,318.0
1,619.0
601.7
414.4
161.6
1,707.0
1,261.9
214.5
230.6
3,790.5
3,493.1
89.6
207.8
195.2
639.3

9,349.4
1,623.3
603.6
420.7
163.8
1,709.0
1,262.9
214.6
231.5
3,799.7
3,501.2
89.8
208.7
196.8
643.9

9,619.8
1,690.4
630.9
446.8
173.1
1,756.0
1,298.1
221.0
236.9
3,858.2
3,558.2
88.4
211.6
213.4
657.9

9,614.3
1,687.4
629.6
447.6
173.9
1,752.7
1,295.1
219.4
238.2
3,857.5
3,556.9
88.7
211.9
213.6
661.6

Legal services

81

917.5

918.8

940.5

926.4

Educational services
Elementary and secondary schools
Colleges and universities
Vocational schools

82
821
822
824

1,927.5 2,103.5 1,727.4 1,956.3 2,149.6
567.2 583.3
525.6 566.9
1,128.7 1,284.4 948.3 1,143.4
78.4
80.8
82.2
84.9

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

2,348.5 2,358.7 2,368.0 2,392.1 2,421.4 2,036.1 2,044.4 2,059.9 2,077.7
555.8
546.2 559.2
543.5
626.8 630.6 644.2 641.1
274.1 258.4
252.9
253.4
298.1
297.9 317.3 301.6
508.0
507.6
576.2 580.3 523.0
574.8
511.7 460.2
590.0
588.0 578.4
557.0 558.4
642.5 643.6 677.3 667.8 670.5
178.4
174.7
204.9
177.5
174.7
206.3 206.2 206.8

Museums and botanical and zoological gardens

84

Membership organizations
Business associations
Professional organizations
Labor organizations
Civic and social associations

86
861
862
863
864

2,114.7 2,116.7 2,189.4 2,134.3 2,142.3
107.0
107.5
108.1
106.3
56.7
56.6
58.3
58.4
136.8
133.1
134.6
138.1
412.8 473.1
424.2
409.4

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872

2,775.4 2,786.2 2,922.9 2,913.9 2,922.0 2,127.7 2,139.6 2,244.7 2,229.7
711.6 704.9
822.0 823.1
862.7
857.3 858.4 678.4 679.4
553.6 548.6
534.6
639.9 640.8
664.4
660.9
534.0
109.5
108.6
100.7
128.6
139.6
138.7
99.9
129.2
48.5
47.7
44.1
53.5
58.7
57.7
44.5
53.1
401.9 400.5
392.3
539.5
565.0
564.8
386.8
545.9

82.2

82.3

See footnotes at end of table.




70

91.7

86.2

176.1
99.9

176.7
100.8

183.5
103.0

183.7
103.6

368.1

292.7

291.8

302.3

302.0

523.8

407.1
176.6

407.1
181.9

452.3
200.7

437.3
201.0

116.6

115.7

124.9

123.5

9,646.8 8,253.5 8,281.2 8,524.2 8,516.8
1,693.1 1,321.8 1,326.0 1,385.6 1,381.0
526.6 552.9
551.4
525.6
342.5
348.6 370.3 371.2
1,757.5 1,538.8 1,540.5 1,580.1 1,576.1
192.9

193.0

199.2

197.7

3,866.4 3,467.0 3,475.5 3,532.7 3,532.5

664.5

591.3

595.4

608.1

612.0

931.6

732.0

732.1

752.2

737.7

87.1

40.5

40.6

41.3

41.7

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
EM 2. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by detailed industry—Continued
(In thousands)

Industry

Services—Continued
Engineering and management services—Continued
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services
Services, nee

1987
SIC
Code

873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743
89

Production workers1

All employees
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

561.7
220.3
116.2
132.7
852.2
299.3
294.1
34.4

564.1
219.8
118.5
132.2
853.1
300.2
294.4
35.2

580.5
219.8
126.2
137.6
914.7
326.2
319.1
37.0

570.3
217.7
122.3
134.0
921.5
326.5
320.9
36.7

44.7

44.8

47.1

47.0

Oct.
1996P

925.9

45.6

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

433.0
160.4
94.1
103.5
629.5
212.4
220.9
22.5

435.9
159.9
96.8
103.1
632.0
215.2
221.3
22.8

448.6
157.4
103.9
107.7
682.6
237.3
241.8
24.1

437.5
154.1
100.4
104.1
686.8
237.0
242.1
23.8

35.4

35.6

37.6

37.5

Oct.
1996P

19,104 19,622 18,289 19,273 19,789

Government
4

Federal Government

2,812
4

2,787

2,758

2,740

2,720

Executive, by agency
Department of Defense
Postal Service5
Other executive agencies
Legislative
Judicial

2,749.8 2,725.9 2,696.7
770.4 760.0 744.5
841.5 845.4 847.0
1,137.9 1,120.5 1,105.2
31.7
33.3
33.0
29.2
28.7
28.5

Federal Government, except Postal Service

1,970.3 1,942.0 1,910.6 1,891.7 1,867.3

Federal Government, by industry:
Manufacturing activities
Ship building and repairing
Transportation and public utilities, except Postal
Service
Services
Hospitals

3731

61.7
30.1

60.6
29.1

52.5
24.4

51.8
24.1

806

20.4
386.0
234.0

20.2
378.3
230.5

19.9
373.9
225.8

19.7
372.3
225.1

State government
806
Hospitals
Education
82
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
State government, except education
Local government
Transportation and public utilities
Hospitals
806
Education
82
General administration, including executive, legislative,
and judicial functions
Local government, except education

4,756 4,402 4,603 4,769
4,591
378.3
393.2 379.7
393.1
1,881.8 2,067.1 1,684.4 1,914.2 2,100.4
1,819.0 1,803.3 1,838.5 1,822.8
2,709.0 2,689.0 2,717.8 2,689.1 2,668.6
11,701 12,079 11,129 11,930 12,300
455.1
453.3 454.2 450.9
680.0 681.7 694.8 694.2
6,457.3 6,876.9 5,597.7 6,600.7 7,027.0
3,668.3 3,627.8 3,883.6 3,716.4
5,243.9 5,202.0 5,531.4 5,329.0 5,273.0

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7
million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
3
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
4
Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to
civilian employment only and exclude the Central Intelligence Agency and




Sept.
1995

the National Security Agency.
5
Includes rural mail carriers.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.

71

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
WOMEN EMPLOYEES
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-13. Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by major industry and manufacturing group
(In thousands)
July
1995

Aug.
1995

June
1996

July
1996

Aug.
1996

55,792

55,955

58,056

57,109

57,248

Total private

46,085

46,307

47,331

47,264

47,445

Goods-producing

6,614

6,695

6,593

6,543

6,619

82

81

80

80

78

587

589

614

623

625

5,945

6,025

5,899

5,840

5,916

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
,

2,780
129
153
103
100
312
441
674
355
344
170

2,805
129
156
104
101
315
443
677
361
344
175

2,829
133
157
102
102
321
454
685
359
344
173

2,794
132
153
100
99
316
452
680
354
340
168

2,822
134
156
102
101
320
451
681
362
342
173

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

3,165
568
11
310
682
168
691
330
25
326
55

3,220
592
13
312
698
168
691
331
25
330
59

3,070
533
11
300
638
165
689
325
24
331
54

3,046
551
11
294
615
164
688
324
24
325
50

3,094
575
12
297
625
165
689
325
25
330
52

49,178

49,260

51,463

50,566

50,629

Transportation and public utilities

1,805

1,808

1,915

1,891

1,892

Wholesale trade

1,976

1,978

2,036

2,037

2,043

11,186

11,256

11,433

11,434

11,476

4,342

4,342

4,424

4,443

4,447

20,162

20,228

20,930

20,916

20,968

9,707
1,198
2,207
6,302

9,648
1,193
2,198
6,257

10,725
1,173
2,270
7,282

9,845
1,171
2,209
6,465

9,803
1,165
2,208
6,430

Industry

Total

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing

Retail trade

,

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are




introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.

72

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry
(In thousands)
Construction

Mining

Total
State and area
Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

1,810.6
442.1
442.1
210.6
150.7
74.5

1,808.7
443.4
443.4
218.8
153.0
73.6

1,819.5
445.5
445.5
219.8
153.2
75.1

10.9
3.3
( )
1
( )
(1)
2.6

275.7
124.3

283.0
124.9

278.4
125.0

10.3
2.6

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

1,793.5
1,223.1
300.6

1,838.4
1,263.5
302.5

1,868.7
1,284.7
310.0

12.4
5.2
2.2

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,084.9
131.9
93.4
295.1
35.3

1,085.8
134.2
92.2
297.1
35.0

1,102.0
136.6
93.4
300.9
35.6

12,559.0
172.2
271.2
3,779.8
132.4
897.8
1,151.3
778.0
597.6
111.4
981.2
918.7
838.3
143.1
153.5
167.3
144.3
238.6

12,747.5
171.2
269.4
3,824.8
136.1
911.5
1,171.9
788.3
609.2
113.4
989.2
922.4
869.5
145.3
152.0
169.3
145.1
240.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

1,860.4
147.7
201.8
994.8

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

Tuscaloosa
Alaska
Anchorage

,

Sept.
1996P

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1995

Sept.
1995

1

11.1
3.4

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

2.6

11.2
3.4
( )
1
( )
(1)
2.6

89.4
23.2
23.2
15.2
8.1
5.0

90.4
23.6
23.6
16.4
8.6
4.7

90.3
23.5
23.5
16.8
8.5
4.6

10.1
2.6

10.1
2.6

16.2
8.0

17.1
8.0

16.5
7.8

12.6
5.1
2.4

12.5
5.1
2.3

119.1
83.6
19.8

126.6
90.3
20.5

124.8
88.6
20.2

3.5

49.4
5.9
3.6
14.6
.8

49.7
5.9
3.5
14.5
.8

C1)
( 11 )
( )

3.5

1

.8

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

(1)
(1)

47.2
5.6
3.4
13.9
.7

12,850.6
174.8
269.4
3,862.0
133.9
916.2
1,181.4
796.6
612.2
113.6
992.4
924.8
868.5
145.5
155.5
170.4
146.5
240.5

29.9
10.6
.6
5.9
2
( )
2.4
.9
1.3
.3
.1
.3
.5
.1
1.3
.5
.1
.4
2.0

28.6
10.6
.5
5.9
2
( )
2.3
1.0
1.1
.3
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.4
1.7

28.5
10.5
.5
5.9
2
( )
2.3
1.0
1.1
.3
.1
.3
.6
.1
1.1
.4
.1
.4
1.6

520.0
8.8
14.1
116.2
6.3
45.6
51.9
45.7
29.5
4.0
45.3
29.5
30.0
5.5
8.3
7.2
8.8
11.7

541.9
8.8
14.2
125.6
6.5
48.1
53.9
48.1
31.6
4.3
45.5
30.3
32.5
5.8
8.7
7.5
9.5
12.0

547.9
8.7
14.1
127.2
6.5
47.7
54.5
48.7
31.6
4.3
45.8
30.3
32.8
5.9
8.8
7.7
9.5
12.2

1,893.0
149.9
207.1
1,009.4

1,893.4
152.4
208.2
1,009.3

15.0
(1)
(1)
7.5

14.0
(1)
(1)
7.2

13.6

0)
(M6.9

108.3
6.2
11.4
55.7

118.9
7.0
13.4
60.4

116.9
6.8
13.1
59.8

1,574.1
179.8
83.3
588.5
242.6
133.2
190.8
83.4

1,571.2
178.6
80.5
576.7
243.2
135.2
196.5
85.5

1,589.5
180.3
81.9
585.6
242.3
134.1
194.9
85.7

.8

(2)
(1)
< >
(1)
( )
(1)
(2)

54.1
5.7
3.2
21.6
8.3
3.9
5.6
2.8

59.2
6.4
3.0
22.4
9.9
4.8
5.6
3.1

57.7
6.4
3.0
22.0
9.3
4.7
5.3
3.1

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

370.2
51.3
282.5

378.0
53.4
286.4

376.4
53.8
286.7

.1
.2

19.9
2.6
14.9

21.6
2.5
15.6

21.4
2.5
15.8

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

643.2
2,419.0

625.2
2,411.9

627.3
2,427.7

.1
.9

9.3
117.7

9.4
118.7

9.3
117.9

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,022.0
145.9
587.0
143.7
110.0
485.3
160.9
166.9
936.5
715.3
146.6
206.8
146.3
999.3
393.3

6,079.8
146.0
597.6
146.5
107.4
489.5
159.3
169.3
938.0
726.5
147.1
212.7
145.6
1,011.0
396.0

6,183.3
148.7
607.0
148.6
110.4
495.8
162.2
169.3
949.9
737.8
149.8
215.2
149.8
1,028.1
403.0

7.0

306.4
7.3
33.4
10.9
3.8
24.9
7.8
8.5
37.5
36.9
9.4
10.4
5.4
44.8
23.4

311.3
7.0
33.6
11.5
3.8
26.3
7.5
8.8
36.9
37.5
9.7
10.9
5.6
45.9
24.5

312.9
6.8
33.6
11.3
3.8
26.2
7.8
8.8
37.5
37.5
9.6
10.8
5.7
47.0
24.6

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

See footnotes at end of table.




73

3.5
(1)

(1)

.8

.9

.8

.8
(2)
(1)
( >
(1)
( )
(1)
(2)

.2

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

.2

(2)
(2)
(2)
3.6

(2)

(2)
.2

3.8

3.8
(2)

.3

.3

.4

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)

(2)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)

.2

7.2

6.9
.2

(])
(1)
(2)

.1
.9

.1
.8
(2)

(2)
(')
( )
(1)

.1

.1
(2)

(1)

(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.4
(2)

.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.4
(2>

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Alabama
Birmingham .,
Huntsville
,
Mobile
Montgomery.,
Tuscaloosa ...

5,197.7

5,399.9
5,499.6
5,499.6

5,389.3
5,456.0

6,194.5
17.6

6,158.5

10.6

Alaska
Anchorage .

5,892.6
2.3

5,771.9
2.2

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa.
Tucson

5,079.7
149.7
27.6

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers .
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

Sept.
1995
89.7
30.0
30.0

Sept.
1996P

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

415.1
109.5
109.5
56.6
35.2
17.2

424.3
110.8
110.8

59.6
36.0

59.5
36.0

10.6

89.1
28.8
28.8
13.8
6.6
2.3

423.6
110.8
110.8

13.2
6.4
2.4

88.8
28.8
28.8
13.7
6.6
2.3

17.1

17.3

6,341.9
2.2

24.6
12.3

24.8
12.0

24.5
12.1

56.5
30.2

59.2
31.2

57.5
30.7

5,320.4
156.2
27.7

5,367.1
156.9
28.0

86.1
60.2
13.5

89.3
62.9
13.4

89.4
63.0
13.4

448.9
308.9
68.0

461.2
322.0
68.7

463.7
325.4
69.1

4,652.0
4,178.8
4,506.9
4,617.2
5,125.6

4,755.1
4,084.0
4,549.1
4,973.9
5,475.8

4,802.0
4,166.1
4,511.9
5,098.7
5,168.4

65.5
9.4
6.1
20.5
2.0

65.9
9.3
6.0

245.2
35.3
19.2
68.8
7.6

252.1
37.2

20.6
1.9

66.7
9.2
6.1
20.8
1.9

252.6
37.9
19.2
71.6
7.4

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

7,225.0
5,551.3
4,807.0
5,787.5
5,695.2
6,653.7
5,711.2
4,986.4
5,992.0
5,466.6
5,243.0
5,736.2
6,832.0
5,357,6
5,808.5
5,990.8
6,416.1
5,170.1

7,384.7
5,850.0
4,869.3
5,815.7
5,481.0
6,865.8
5,838.3
5,069.4
5,833.2
5,447.5
5,388.0
6,025.1
6,957.0
5,675.2
5,960.2
5,945.5
6,162.4
5,366.6

7,451.7
5,851.1
4,829.4
5,900.8
5,578.6
6,931.5
5,843.9
5,128.7
5,963.5
5,621.6
5,340.3
6,034.4
7,050.9
5,764.8
6,012.3
6,054.5
6,478.1
5,443.2

641.3
9.5
13.6
206.4
5.7
59.6
42.9

647.5
9.4

649.9
9.6

2,953.0

13.5
206.6

13.5
207.3
6.0
60.2
44.2

3,006.7
42.4
64.1
870.0
32.2
210.8

42.1
25.2
4.8
37.5
73.0
24.5
5.2
5.8
12.3
5.9
10.7

41.8
25.8
4.9
37.9
73.3
24.8
5.3

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont .
Colorado Springs ...
Denver

5,589.5
29.8
25.0
5,703.0

5,728.5
29.8
25.1
5,692.5

5,785.3
29.8
25.3

5,709.5

118.9
3.0
10.5
84.1

Connecticut

6,415.0
6,295.2
6,288.3
6,572.4
5.604.5
6,536.1
5,809.9
5,810.4

6,420.8
6,412.2
6,930.5
6,613.1
5,834.7
6,438.3
6,040.8
5,860.3

6,537.2
6,597.0
6,821.5
6.770.3
6,101.9
6,552.5
6,181.0
5,957.8

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark .

5,952.5
5,048.1
7,251.0

5,793.9
5,261.7
7,146.8

District of Columbia ..
Washington PMSA ..

13.0
5,815.3

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melboume-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater.
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

4,909.8
13.7
41.6

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden ...
New London-Norwich .
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

5,419.5
5,419.5
5,784.3
17.9
10.6

6.3
5.6
35.2
20.3
26.6
76.5
50.3
11.1
19.8

4.9
86.3
29.4

5,456.0
17.5

41.6
25.8
4.9
38.3
73.4
24.7
5.3

206.0
290.2
204.7
132.4

29.8
230.9
200.7

244.1

470.3
34.7
47.0
246.3

341.6
40.0
21.8
123.2
50.3
28.5
42.2
16.4

348.6
39.7
21.0
120.9
51.7
30.0
41.5
15.7

348.1
40.0
20.8
121.1
51.2
29.3
41.2
15.5

14.0

85.0
13.4
59.2

88.0
14.0
59.8

86.8
14.2
59.5

19.5
117.8

52.0
466.5

51.4
472.9

52.0
471.4

3.9
29.5
6.4
2.3
34.5
8.3
4.6
80.1
37.7
6.8
5.4
3.6
43.7

311.0
3.9
29.5
6.4
2.3
34.5
8.3
4.5
80.4
37.8
6.8
5.3
3.6
43.8

1,572.5
42.9

1,575.3
42.7

168.6
41.4
23.7
120.9
44.8
40.2
241.3
179.9
35.4
52.6

169.1
41.5
24.8
120.5
45.0
40.3
243.2

14.7

14.7

1,533.5
41.5
163.4
39.4
24.0
118.0
44.3
38.7
242.0
175.6
34.9
51.0
32.1
243.9
101.2

120.0
3.3

465.0
33.6
45.9

72.3
7.3
3.2
25.0
16.6
6.2
8.9
3.4

69.8
7.2
2.9
23.7
16.5
6.3
8.8
3.6

72.7
7.3
3.3
25.4
16.4
6.3

6,003.5
5,151.5
7,410.0

15.9
1.7

16.1

16.3
1.8

13.6

1.7
14.1

12.9
5,696.1

12.8
5,612.8

20.0
114.3

19.7
118.3

5,004.8
14.0
41.9
6.3
5.3
35.6
20.1
26.1
75.5
50.9
11.4
20.9
5.0
84.7
28.4

5,052.4
14.1
42.3

304.0
3.8
28.7
6.5
2.1
34.1
8.4
4.4
78.0
37.3
6.7
5.2
3.7
43.7
14.4

311.3

74

30.1
234.5
200.1

472.4
34.2
46.8
248.9

121.2
3.4
10.6
84.7

11.4
20.8
5.0
85.0
28.6

134.5

38.5
58.1

39.9
37.6
57.5

26.1
75.7
50.9

234.1
200.1
175.2
35.8

210.5

38.3
58.7

5.6
13.7
6.2
10.3

20.1

134.7
30.1

64.6
872.3
32.5
210.6
297.3

40.1
40.4

5.6
13.8

6.3
5.5
35.4

297.2
209.5

3,019.6
42.3

175.5
35.5
40.5
40.8

168.6
34.9
40.1

See footnotes at end of table.




5.9
60.2
44.2

41.4
66.6
853.4
32.2

19.1
71.0
7.5

6.2
10.5

10.6
84.2

8.8
3.6

32.9
250.5
101.8

180.3
35.2
52.7
33.9

251.3
103.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Tuscaloosa

77.4
30.6
30.6
9.1
8.5
2.1

79.7
31.8
31.8
9.5
8.6
2.2

79.3
31.7
31.7
9.5
8.6
2.2

401.6
125.8
125.8
57.3
39.0
12.8

410.2
129.4
129.4
61.1
40.6
13.2

411.9
129.5
129.5
61.3
40.9
13.3

335.8
66.2
66.2
32.2
35.6
21.8

327.6
65.6
65.6
31.6
35.0
20.9

335.0
67.2
67.2
31.9
35.1
22.2

Alaska
Anchorage

12.0
7.2

11.9
7.1

11.8
7.0

63.8
33.7

67.1
34.7

65.9
34.7

73.3
28.0

70.1
27.1

73.5
27.9

106.9
87.0
11.7

109.1
89.9
12.2

109.2
90.0
12.3

520.3
363.0
91.1

547.4
386.3
92.9

550.3
388.0
93.4

305.9
165.5
66.7

292.4
150.8
64.7

317.7
167.7
71.3

41.9
4.4
3.0
16.7
1.3

42.8
4.6
2.9
17.1
1.3

42.6
4.5
3.0
17.2
1.3

243.0
25.5
23.3
82.7
8.1

248.6
26.0
22.8
84.8
8.3

250.0
26.3
22.9
85.0
8.3

179.4
17.3
9.6
57.2
7.9

168.0
17.0
9.2
54.8
7.2

181.0
18.4
10.1
57.5
7.9

738.4
6.1
13.6
224.4
4.5
52.9
84.7
29.0
40.5
6.3
55.2
95.6
28.6
7.3
9.6
8.3
5.5
12.1

737.7
6.0
13.1
224.2
4.5
52.8
85.0
29.1
41.3
6.5
55.6
94.5
28.2
7.1
9.3
8.4
5.9
12.3

736.3
5.9
12.9
224.0
4.5
52.5
84.8
29.0
41.2
6.3
55.3
94.4
28.2
7.1
9.4
8.4
5.9
12.2

3,787.9
40.4
68.7
1,217.6
29.1
258.4
350.5
200.4
162.6
30.8
314.8
324.2
267.1
45.0
42.0
39.5
37.6
73.0

3,922.6
40.9
71.0
1,252.8
29.4
266.9
366.4
203.7
168.1
31.3
327.0
327.2
278.4
45.2
43.7
39.7
37.9
73.4

3,935.7
41.3
70.0
1,268.7
29.5
266.7
366.0
206.2
168.1
31.4
321.2
327.4
276.9
45.1
43.3
40.1
38.4
73.4

2,068.3
45.8
62.4
523.1
22.0
166.6
125.8
160.4
165.3
26.1
182.3
122.8
84.4
27.8
25.2
33.9
31.8
41.3

2,006.5
43.7
61.1
506.8
22.3
160.1
118.1
158.1
163.8
26.3
175.2
122.6
83.1
27.8
21.7
31.8
29.6
41.3

2,082.9
47.1
62.9
521.6
22.3
166.2
126.4
162.7
167.6
26.7
183.5
124.5
83.6
28.3
24.8
33.2
30.5
42.2

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

113.2
5.4
9.8
75.9

116.4
5.6
10.0
78.2

115.8
5.5
9.9
77.9

544.6
44.8
66.3
299.0

568.0
46.9
69.3
306.6

556.8
46.6
68.6
303.5

302.4
24.9
32.9
140.4

285.8
23.0
31.9
132.8

303.8
25.7
33.7
140.4

Connecticut

132.7
9.9
3.6
73.1
13.9
3.4
21.8
4.0

133.1
9.7
3.5
71.6
14.3
3.7
23.5
4.1

131.9
9.7
3.6
70.9
14.0
3.6
23.1
4.0

470.4
55.5
23.2
159.3
82.7
32.8
68.0
26.7

478.2
56.4
23.3
159.2
81.0
33.3
74.1
28.9

480.1
56.1
23.1
159.3
82.2
33.3
73.4
28.9

221.2
19.8
8.8
96.0
30.3
30.7
16.8
11.7

206.3
18.9
7.7
89.8
30.2
31.6
16.3
11.8

222.2
20.5
9.0
96.7
29.5
31.6
16.8
12.1

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

41.5
1.7
36.7

43.4
1.6
38.6

43.1
1.5
38.3

98.0
11.3
78.8

102.3
12.4
82.4

102.1
12.7
83.0

48.5
14.2
34.3

48.8
14.7
34.1

49.1
14.6
34.6

District of Columbia
Washington PMSA

29.8
134.2

29.6
133.8

29.5
132.8

267.9
885.7

263.4
903.3

266.2
904.8

251.1
606.4

238.7
570.8

237.9
588.5

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville

377.5
6.7
42.3
8.2
4.5
48.1
7.7
5.6
66.7
41.8
5.3
10.5
5.2
67.1
26.1

385.6
6.7
43.7
8.4
4.5
47.5
7.5
5.6
68.5
42.2
5.4
10.5
5.5
70.2
26.2

385.4
6.7
43.5
8.3
4.4
47.3
7.6
5.6
68.7
42.4
5.5
10.5
5.6
70.5
26.3

2,074.7
49.7
196.0
49.0
31.1
160.0
44.1
58.7
302.6
292.7
50.7
85.0
37.2
380.7
147.8

2,142.4
50.7
203.9
50.9
31.3
165.4
44.5
59.4
309.2
305.6
52.9
88.9
38.2
392.9
153.7

2,156.2
50.7
204.9
51.1
31.3
166.8
44.4
59.6
310.9
307.1
53.1
89.4
38.4
393.6
154.6

938.6
23.2
81.4
23.3
38.9
64.6
24.7
24.4
132.9
80.3
28.3
24.9
57.6
132.4
51.0

872.0
20.8
76.2
21.5
36.5
58.9
22.8
24.6
126.2
72.2
25.3
23.4
54.6
122.7
46.7

957.1
23.8
83.9
23.6
38.3
64.7
25.2
24.4
133.2
81.4
28.0
25.6
57.4
136.5
51.2

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale- Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff
California
Bakersfield

Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami

Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater....
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

See footnotes at end of table.




75

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Total

Mining

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

3,450.1
57.5
65.9
1,840.5
190.4
109.9
143.3
128.2

3,555.6
58.8
69.7
1.918.1
190.2
113.2
143.8
131.8

3,550.0
58.9
68.4
1,911.9
192.1
113.9
144.9
133.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

521.8
399.1

521.8
397.8

514.7
392.7

Idaho
Boise City

489.0
182.1

505.2
190.1

512.3
190.5

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

5,658.7
75.6
95.4
3,940.7
172.1
55.3
42.8
161.5
174.4
111.3

5,713.1
73.7
92.2
4,000.9
171.8
56.3
42.4
165.9
175.0
115.8

5,739.8
76.2
94.1
4,010.9
172.9
56.7
42.9
167.0
174.9
111.4

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

2,816.7
64.2
117.6
149.0
263.9
257.7
803.6
54.8
84.7
60.4
133.9
72.3

2,775.0
61.2
120.4
147.1
259.7
257.3
797.1
55.8
82.1
56.2
128.3
68.8

2,835.4
66.4
120.8
148.2
267.3
263.6
804.4
56.4
89.9
60.3
129.5
72.9

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

1,368.3
106.9
263.5
50.7
63.0
63.5
69.6

1,370.9
106.4
265.3
48.7
62.3
63.1
66.8

1,387.9
108.4
264.2
49.4
63.1
63.3
69.7

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,214.2
44.2
98.3
258.7

1,218.3
43.4
99.4
259.8

1,233.2
44.5
99.0
265.1

1.4

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owerss&oro

1,662.4
257.1
534.0
43.3

1,672.0
259.8
541.1
43.8

1,690.6
265.4
542.8
44.2

24.5
.2
.6
.4

24.7
.2
.6
.4

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
Mew Orieans
Shrevepcri-Bossier City

1,799.9
53.5
273.3
66.3
148.9
82.4
66.8
603.5
165.2

1,793.0
52.9
274.5
67.8
150.6
82.8
65.9
598.9
165.4

1,813.5
53.0
279.1
68.1
151.1
83.2
66.9
601.9
166.9

47.1
.1
.8
5.4
11.9
1.5
.2
13.9
2.4

48.1
.1
.9
5.9
12.5
1.5
.2
14.4
2.5

555.3
42.0
133.2

551.6
39.7
134.6

556.1
41.2
135.1

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

See footnotes at end of table.




76

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

7.8
(2 )
(1 )
1.6
.6
(1 )
1.2
(1)
(

1)

Sept.
1996P

7.6
(2 j
(1 )
1.6
.6
(1)
1.2

(

1)

7.5
(2 J
1
( )
1.6
.6
(1 )
1.1
(1)
(

(1)

Sept.
1995

1)

(1)

2.9

3.2

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

159.8
3.7
2.7
86.0
10.4
4.9
6.4
6.9

163.2
4.0
3.0
85.7
10.7
5.0
7.0
7.7

162.7
3.9
2.8
86.3
10.7
4.9
6.8
7.9

26.6
20.5

24.3
18.0

24.0
17.9

3.1

(1)

(1)

(1)

33.4
13.8

37.4
14.9

37.1
14.8

13.6
(1 )
1
( )
1.8
(1 )
(1 )
(1)
(1)
( )
(1)

13.6
(1 )
1
( )
1.8
(1 )
(|)

13.6
(1 )
1
( )
1.8
(1 )
(1)

237.0
2.7
3.2
156.1
9.5
4.0
3.1
7.9
7.2
5.0

237.0
2.8
3.5
158.4
9.2
3.9
3.0
8.0
7.2
5.1

236.9
2.7
3.3
158.7
9.2
4.0
3.0
7.8
7.2
5.1

136.2
3.0
4.7
9.2
12.8
17.8
43.7
1.6
3.7
2.6
7.0
3.5

143.9
3.6
4.8
9.7
14.2
19.1
45.0
1.8
4.0
2.6
7.5
3.0

141.3
3.5
4.7
9.5
13.9
18.9
44.6
1.8
3.9
2.4
7.3
3.0

2.2

61.2
5.8
12.1
2.1
2.2
3.5
2.9

64.0
6.2
13.0
2.1
2.0
3.5
3.1

62.7
6.1
12.7
2.0
2.0
3.4
3.1

8.1

1.4

55.3
1.8
4.2
13.3

59.8
2.1
4.5
14.0

58.9
1.9
4.4
13.9

24.8
.2
.6
.4

77.4
12.1
27.5
3.2

79.4
13.1
28.1
3.2

79.0
12.9
27.6
3.2

47.8
.1
.9
6.1
12.5
1.5
.2
14.3
2.5

111.6
3.6
28.4
2.8
8.5
9.5
3.5
29.0
8.5

113.2
3.5
29.7
2.9
8.2
9.8
3.4
28.4
8.6

114.5
3.5
30.0
2.9
8.2
10.2
3.4
28.4
8.7

.1

24.6
1.8
5.6

24.6
1.8
6.7

24.9
1.7
6.6

(1 )
(1 )

6.7

(1 )
(1 )
(1)

(1)
(1 )

6.6

1.2
(1 )
(1 )

(1)
.8
(1)

(])
.2

.2

2.3
/1 \
(1 )

(])
(1)

\
)
)
)
)

1.4

\
)
)
)
)

(1)

8.1
(1 )
(1 )

.1
(2 )
(2)

/1
(1
(1
(1
(1

(1)

8.0
(1 )
(1 )

.2

2.2
/1
(1
(1
(1
(1

(1)

.8
(1)
(1)
(1 )
(1 )

{))

(1 )

1.3
(1)
(1)

.8

( )

(1 )
(1 )

1.3
(1)

1

(J)1
(( 1 ))
6.6

(1 )
(1 )

.1
(2 )
2

( )

(2)
(2)

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Wholesale and retail trade

Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing
State and area
Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

5,364.0
8.3
11.6
5,685.1
42.2
21.1
20.4
6,863.7

5,492.3
8.8
12.1
5,446.1
42.1
21.9
20.1
6,973.5

5,567.6
8.6
12.1
5,547.1
42.1
22.0
20.5
7,079.9

216.4
3.1
1.9
149.7
5.7
3.7
5.4
9.7

225.9
3.0
1.9
157.4
5.8
3.6
5.3
9.5

225.6
3.0
1.9
157.2
5.8
3.6
5.3
9.6

880.2
13.7
16.5
498.1
41.3
24.9
33.2
33.3

918.6
13.8
17.1
524.1
41.7
25.3
33.2
34.3

912.5
14.1
17.3
519.3
41.7
25.4
33.2
34.5

Hawaii
Honolulu

5,138.3
5,420.3

5,115.0
5,261.8

5,333.9
5,452.4

40.6
33.1

40.4
33.0

40.3
32.9

135.6
101.5

134.3
100.7

133.4
100.1

Idaho
Boise City

5,049.8
32.0

5,019.0
34.6

4,934.7
34.6

23.5
8.9

24.0
8.7

24.2
8.9

123.4
43.6

129.0
45.1

128.9
45.0

Illinois
Bloomlngton-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,454.1
8,751.6
4,561.7
6,118.8
6,259.5
6,540.1
5,885.2
6,386.5
6,283.5
4,977.5

6,556.5
8,125.4
4,714.3
6,248.5
6,558.0
7,015.6
6,109.8
6,679.6
6,617.8
4,895.6

6,628.2
8,058.1
4,694.1
6,291.6
6,485.5
7,011.1
6,042.7
6.728.4
6,606.7
4,918.9

326.1
2.9
2.7
240.1
8.9
5.2
2.0
9.4
8.7
5.9

327.1
2.9
2.6
238.0
8.9
5.2
2.0
9.3
8.9
5.8

330.3
2.9
2.6
240.2
8.9
5.2
2.0
9.4
8.9
5.8

1,324.2
17.0
21.2
920.7
47.9
12.5
11.0
40.3
35.6
23.4

1.352.3
17.4
20.9
947.7
48.2
12.6
10.9
40.5
36.1
25.7

1,351.8
17.5
21.4
947.3
48.0
12.7
10.9
40.4
36.1
23.7

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

6,953.7
4,121.6
4,808.6
5,728.4
6,205.8
8,141.6
6,966.7
10,152.5
6,635.0
6,887.0
5,724.1
6,364.5

6,971.1
4,245.3
5,014.6
5,684.4
6,245.0
8,202.0
7,332.1
9,895.6
6,762.9
6,510.4
5,530.3
6,421.9

7,087.9
4,189.3
5,038.9
5,748.0
6,281.5
8,411.1
7,378.1
10,573.7
6,544.0
6,640.0
5,528.5
6,614.3

140.4
1.8
3.4
7.2
13.2
15.9
47.9
1.1
2.1
6.0
5.5
3.8

140.5
1.9
3.4
7.2
12.7
15.2
48.1
1.1
2.1
4.4
5.8
4.4

141.0
1.9
3.3
7.1
12.9
15.4
48.2
1.1
2.1
4.3
5.8
4.6

673.7
14.9
22.6
37.5
63.0
62.7
205.8
11.7
17.9
14.1
34.1
21.5

687.5
14.3
23.4
35.7
61.9
64.1
209.4
11.9
17.0
13.2
33.8
21.0

686.2
14.9
23.3
35.8
61.8
64.0
208.8
11.8
17.8
13.4
33.7
21.5

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

5,883.3
7,046.7
6,184.1
5,764.4
5.2
4,710.0
14.6

5,873.1
6,630.4
5,730.5
6,491.2
5.3
4,232.2
14.4

5,991.5
7,057.7
5,850.5
6,245.0
5.4
4,565.5
14.5

61.6
7.2
12.9
2.1
2.1
3.8
2.0

63.1
7.1
13.2
2.0
1.9
3.9
2.0

63.2
7.1
13.1
2.0
1.9
3.9
2.1

344.5
24.7
70.9
12.0
12.7
16.0
16.9

350.4
24.7
70.8
12.6
12.7
16.1
16.7

349.5
24.6
69.4
12.3
13.1
16.1
16.7

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

5,585.0
5.1
6,101.1
6,320.1

5,864.0
5.2
5,988.7
6,932.3

5,912.0
5.2
6,153.4
7,112.8

68.0
1.2
6.1
10.1

70.1
1.1
6.3
9.7

70.1
1.1
6.3
10.0

299.9
11.3
21.9
61.5

308.0
10.9
22.1
62.9

308.6
11.3
22.1
63.0

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

5,571.4
6,049.1
6,076.8
7.2

5,774.1
5,936.0
6,081.5
7.1

5,915.9
5,963.3
6,312.6
7.1

92.7
10.2
37.3
2.1

93.7
10.6
37.3
2.2

93.7
10.6
37.6
2.2

402.8
58.7
132.8
10.5

408.1
59.0
134.7
10.8

410.0
59.3
134.1
10.7

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

6,232.6
3.3
7,250.5
5.8
15.8
11.2
8.3
6,422.0
6,183.5

6,426.4
3.3
7,410.6
6.2
15.5
11.3
8.4
6,516.9
6,085.8

6,519.7
3.3
7,344.8
6.2
15.6
11.4
8.4
6,776.3
6,127.8

108.2
3.1
12.9
6.5
8.7
4.4
3.9
42.4
8.1

108.8
2.9
12.7
6.9
9.0
4.6
3.8
42.3
8.0

109.0
2.8
12.7
7.0
9.0
4.4
3.8
42.3
8.1

421.5
11.8
63.5
17.2
38.4
18.0
16.9
149.5
38.3

428.6
11.9
64.6
17.3
39.1
17.8
17.2
148.2
38.7

430.1
11.8
64.8
17.0
39.0
17.7
17.3
148.6
38.6

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

5,274.7
4,074.6
4,527.4

5,323.6
4,568.2
4,511.3

5,458.8
4,848.8
4,733.4

22.5
1.7
6.3

22.4
1.8
6.4

22.4
1.9
6.3

144.3
10.6
40.6

149.7
10.3
43.2

146.5
10.5
42.8

See footnotes at end of table.




77

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

176.0
2.2
2.1
118.3
6.7
7.2
8.4
4.4

177.6
2.2
2.0
119.5
6.7
7.6
8.5
4.6

177.1
2.2
2.0
119.3
6.7
7.6
8.5
4.5

857.1
14.2
13.0
528.1
44.0
27.8
32.5
36.1

905.1
14.5
13.2
567.3
44.9
29.7
33.6
38.2

898.4
14.6
13.6
562.6
44.8
29.5
33.6
38.4

564.1
12.3
18.1
245.0
39.5
20.3
35.8
20.8

566.8
12.5
20.4
246.0
37.7
20.1
34.9
20.5

575.9
12.5
18.7
248.0
39.7
20.9
35.9
21.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

37.2
30.5

36.4
30.0

36.3
29.9

164.0
120.1

165.0
119.8

164.9
120.0

100.8
80.4

104.9
83.6

99.5
79.2

Idaho
Boise City

24.3
11.5

24.2
11.9

24.2
12.0

112.4
44.1

122.3
47.6

121.9
47.2

96.7
28.2

89.9
27.3

97.3
28.0

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

383.2
13.7
3.2
302.2
8.0
2.8
1.7
7.9
7.1
7.8

390.3
13.5
3.3
307.9
8.0
3.0
1.7
8.0
7.2
7.9

387.5
13.6
3.2
306.0
7.9
2.9
1.7
8.0
7.2
7.9

1,603.4
17.5
20.2
1,178.7
42.1
13.5
10.8
51.0
45.0
31.3

1,642.9
17.7
19.9
1,217.3
43.9
13.2
11.2
51.5
44.8
33.5

1,639.9
17.6
19.6
1,216.4
43.6
13.2
11.1
51.0
44.3
31.4

798.8
13.3
33.2
482.6
25.1
5.8
6.8
18.8
16.2
33.6

768.7
10.9
30.5
470.0
23.4
5.4
6.1
16.8
16.3
33.5

800.8
13.3
32.4
480.9
25.2
5.8
6.7
18.6
16.7
33.2

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

131.6
2.4
2.7
7.2
13.8
9.1
57.5
1.4
3.7
1.8
6.4
2.3

135.8
2.3
2.8
7.3
14.5
9.8
59.9
1.5
3.8
1.7
6.2
2.3

134.6
2.3
2.8
7.3
14.5
9.6
59.5
1.5
3.8
1.7
6.3
2.3

636.9
11.7
18.5
40.1
60.2
62.5
205.8
9.5
16.3
14.8
43.0
17.1

639.2
11.6
20.4
40.5
60.9
67.7
210.3
9.8
16.6
14.6
40.8
16.6

643.8
11.7
20.4
40.8
60.7
68.5
210.5
9.8
16.6
14.7
41.6
17.1

404.3
20.4
8.2
14.7
26.2
37.0
115.2
7.5
19.2
9.9
14.6
11.0

339.1
16.7
7.1
14.5
21.1
29.6
95.0
7.0
17.2
8.8
11.7
9.3

399.9
21.4
8.1
15.5
28.6
35.8
103.3
7.7
24.4
13.0
12.3
12.3

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
DesMoines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

76.9
5.6
36.2
1.6
1.7
2.6
3.0

79.0
5.6
37.1
1.6
1.8
2.7
3.0

78.3
5.6
37.0
1.6
1.8
2.7
3.0

344.2
30.9
73.1
16.3
12.9
17.7
17.4

352.6
31.6
73.5
16.1
13.5
17.7
16.9

356.4
31.9
73.5
16.6
13.4
17.4
17.3

226.6
11.6
32.8
3.5
26.2
7.0
12.8

209.7
10.6
32.5
3.0
25.1
6.6
10.7

225.2
11.8
33.6
3.7
25.5
7.2
13.0

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

58.0
1.8
6.5
11.2

59.7
1.9
6.6
11.2

59.5
1.9
6.6
11.2

294.2
9.9
26.1
70.6

296.5
9.7
26.3
69.9

296.5
10.0
26.3
70.1

237.8
13.1
23.8
32.9

218.8
12.5
23.6
28.9

233.9
13.1
23.6
33.2

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

65.6
9.5
28.7
1.8

66.8
9.7
29.1
1.8

66.8
9.6
29.1
1.8

397.2
67.4
149.6
11.9

412.9
70.3
156.1
12.4

413.4
70.5
156.2
12.6

287.7
55.7
67.4
6.2

276.7
53.0
66.6
5.9

293.3
58.4
68.9
6.2

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

80.6
2.2
15.6
2.2
5.7
2.7
4.4
30.1
6.3

80.8
2.2
15.9
2.2
5.8
2.6
4.5
30.4
6.5

80.8
2.2
16.0
2.1
5.8
2.7
4.6
30.4
6.4

481.0
15.6
70.2
13.7
36.B
22.1
16.9
187.5
49.4

477.3
15.7
69.8
14.1
37.7
22.6
16.7
185.5
49.9

479.0
15.7
70.0
14.0
37.7
22.6
16.6
186.8
50.1

359.6
13.8
58.0
12.7
23.1
13.0
12.7
103.9
32.1

346.1
13.3
56.7
12.3
22.8
12.6
11.7
103.3
30.7

361.2
13.6
60.5
12.8
23.3
12.7
12.6
104.4
32.1

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

26.0
1.9
11.7

26.8
2.0
12.1

26.4
2.0
12.1

153.4
12.6
38.6

158.1
12.5
37.5

155.3
12.8
36.7

92.0
4.7
17.3

79.4
3.6
15.6

91.3
4.7
17.7

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon

Savannah

See footnotes at end of table.




78

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

2,197.2
1,136.0
408.7
807.6

2,194.7

2,205.3
1,138.3
405.4
808.5

1.2
.2

Massachusetts
Barnstable- Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

2,998.9

3,019.9
64.0

3,038.9
59.2
1,840.0
91.7
52.4
147.8
108.1
64.7
42.2

1.4

:..

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

58.3
1,818.0

91.2
51.2
144.6
107.0
63.7
41.5
245.4
213.1

4,277.1
256.4
71.5
2,013.3
181.6
521.1
59.3
207.2
224.6
175.1

1,134.4
405.8
797.1

1,835.2
90.6
51.0
146.0

106.1
63.8
43.2
243.5
215.3

Sept.
1995

2,447.6
107.8

1.4

Sept.
1996P

132.1
63.3
12.3
55.4

132.7
63.2
12.2
55.2

132.2
62.8
12.1
55.6

1.5

97.7
2.4
54.5
3.3
1.8
5.8
5.0
2.4
1.5
7.5
6.9

101.5
2.5
56.1
3.4
1.8
6.1
4.8
2.8
1.6
8.2
7.7

100.2
2.5
55.7
3.3
1.8
6.1
4.9
2.7
1.6
7.9
7.8

169.7
8.6
2.3
73.3
6.3
23.6
2.2
7.9
7.4
9.6

186.5
9.3
2.5

26.6
2.4
8.1
7.7
8.9

185.0
9.1
2.4
78.5
6.8
25.7
2.3
8.1
7.5
9.1

.5

.5

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

.1
.1
.2

8.5

8.3

8.0

O2

(J)
(1)

Aug.
1996

1.2
.2

(1)

249.8
4,372.3
258.5
71.5
2,088.5
180.6
535.9
59.9
206.6
227.9
177.0

1.2
.2

Sept.
1995

(!)

218.0

4,315.8
250.5
71.0
2,068.6
177.1
527.9
59.3
201.1
219.4
175.2

Sept.
1996P

Aug.
1996

<;>

0)

78.0
6.9

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,392.3
107.2
1,547.5
69.8
82.3

2,433.4
107.2
1,573.5
71.6
80.9

Mississippi
Jackson

1,084.6
212.1

1,073.6
209.8

1,075.5
208.6

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

2,544.3
871.9

2,546.2
889.6

2,583.3
894.4

1,257.2
152.9

1,249.1
150.6

1,262.3
155.4

7.1

46.9
65.5
6.9

Montana

359.5

364.4

367.0

5.4

5.4

5.2

18.8

18.1

17.8

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

821.3
138.5
138.5

829.0
139.1
139.1

835.7
140.3
140.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

37.0
6.0
6.0

38.3
6.0
6.0

37.2
6.1
6.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

808.3
559.4
171.6

850.6
593.7
174.3

861.7
601.6
176.9

13.2
1.9
.7

14.7
2.1
.6

14.6

66.0
50.2
11.4

76.1
59.9
11.3

77.1
60.8
11.4

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

547.5
93.7
84.8
111.3

549.5
91.4
84.9
110.2

551.6
92.6
86.8

.5

.6

.5

21.2
4.2
2.9
3.5

21.8
4.6
3.2
3.2

21.3
4.4
3.1
3.2

3,623.6
181.8
619.9
449.5
238.8
574.0
353.6
931.7
193.8
58.2

3,659.9
193.3
620.5
454.1
239.6
577.6
369.5
932.3
193.0
58.0

3,653.8
184.3
623.0
455.4
240.9
580.7
360.0
932.8
192.7
58.6

2.1
2

129.6

130.5
6.6

129.3

697.5
326.7
49.4

717.6
335.6
50.0
71.9

721.1
338.9
51.7
71.6

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

70.8

8.5
5.1

8.4
5.0

94.3
4.5
59.4
2.7
4.5

99.1
4.0
64.2
2.8
4.3

97.1
4.1
62.7
2.8
4.2

4.9

4.9

5.0

46.9
9.7

51.5
10.8

51.5
10.6

5.1

115.3
43.5
63.5

118.1

115.9
46.2
64.6

1,574.2
71.8
83.8

4.8
( )
(
1>

5.2
( )
( )

( )

O1

1

79

2.1
.6

C)

110.5

See footnotes at end of table.




8.4
5.1

2.1

2.1
(!)

( )

.5

.5
1

1

.8

)

)

18.5

6.2
22.8
20.5
3.9
20.4

.2

.2

1.9

2.1

16.8
(!)
( )

16.8

47.1
23.3
3.3

50.3
24.6
3.7
3.7

49.3
24.4
3.5
3.6

.8
)

.2

23.1
20.7
4.0
20.5

18.4
30.3
4.5
2.0

.8

)

15.5

5.9
23.0
20.2
3.9
19.8
17.7
32.7
4.6

6.8

3.6

29.9
4.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Transportation and
public utilities

Manufacturing

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996?

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C..

6,002.4
6,205.0
32.8
35.9

6,054.5
6,424.1
31.9
35.9

6,175.5
6,599.1

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth..
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster.
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

6,017.9
2.3
6,077.0
10.5
13.7
35.4
27.4
14.6
7.6

6,096.6
2.3

6,140.3
2.3
6,387.2
10.6
13.5
35.0
28.4
14.0
7.6
5,648.3

5,384.3

6,323.4
10.5
13.5
35.0
28.2
13.5
7.7
5,531.4
5,620.8

8,537.1
7,771.0
21.7
8,764.1
10,778.1
6,162.5
5,354.5
6,852.8
8.545.7
9,189.8

8,545.5
8,285.7
20.9
9,003.4
10,619.4
6,366.2
5,354.3
7,137.9
9,081.8
9,814.4

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul.
Rochester
St. Cloud

5,992.4
4,985.3
6,309.0
10.5
5,169.9

Mississippi .
Jackson ...

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

105.7
56.1
19.5
34.3

106.1
55.6
19.4
35.0

106.3
56.6
19.6
34.8

535.4
266.6

541.4
268.8

68.4
196.7

68.0
196.7

5,706.9

129.1
2.8
81.0
4.9
1.9
4.6
5.7
2.5
1.2
9.9
9.4

124.7
2.8
78.1
4.8
1.6
4.3
5.5
2.2
1.2
9.3
9.1

129.5
2.7
80.1
4.8
1.9
4.6
5.7
2.4
1.1
10.0
9.3

693.0
21.3
397.1
30.7
12.3
34.8
22.9
16.1
10.5
57.3
48.3

710.1
24.4
403.4
30.5
12.4
35.7
23.2
16.6
11.1
58.4
48.5

701.2
21.3
401.2
30.5
12.6
35.8
22.7
16.5
10.8
59.4
48.1

8,848.6
8,543.9
21.0
9.223.2
11,110.2
6,506.2
5,554.3
7,010.2
8,996.6
9,949.6

166.2
5.4
3.0
91.1
5.2
18.5
3.7
6.7
6.1
7.3

171.0
5.4
2.9
92.7
5.3
19.1
3.6
6.7
6.1
7.2

171.3
5.3
2.9
92.5
5.3
19.1
3.6
6.7
6.0
7.2

1,005.6
50.8
15.8
473.0
44.0
127.5
14.7
45.5
50.3
44.9

1,036.1
50.4
16.5

1,035.6
50.7
16.2

495.8
44.9
132.6
15.3
45.7
49.8

497.0
44.7

46.3

133.1
15.1
45.7
50.2
46.3

6,117.7
5,009.3
6,332.4
10.7
5,163.0

6,217.3
5,181.2
6,439.1
10.6
5,164.7

118.2
6.6

119.0
6.0
85.3

121.6
6.4

2.1
2.8

87.6
2.1
2.8

580.4
28.3
368.1
14.6
25.1

597.3
29.1
379.0
14.8
25.4

596.0
29.0
375.3
14.7
25.6

4,501.7
4,573.3

4,570.8
5,036.0

4,640.7
5,120.5

50.2
14.5

49.0
14.3

49.1
14.3

231.1
50.5

229.0
50.0

227.5
49.2

Missouri
Kansas City .
St. Louis
Springfield....

5,779.6
6,341.0
6,834.9
4,355.1

5,741.4
6,601.0
6,480.2
4,465.4

5,943.9
6,634.0
6,662.1
4,565.7

160.9
68.3

165.3

606.7

80.1
9.3

81.0

165.5
70.3
81.7

9.4

9.6

616.1
217.9
301.8
43.7

614.9
216.8
298.7
44.2

Montana.

5,221.4

5,213.1

5,380.1

21.2

21.1

21.1

99.4

101.2

100.1

Nebraska .
Lincoln ..
Omaha..

4,958.0
5,653.8
5,653.8

5,065.2
6,307.5
6,307.5

5,232.8
6,252.2
6,252.2

50.0
7.7
7.7

50.3
7.4
7.4

50.4
7.6
7.6

206.2
30.0
30.0

207.8
29.5
29.5

209.4
29.8
29.8

Nevada
Las Vegas.
Reno

5,463.5
5,681.8
12.5

5,750.2
5,457.7
13.0

5,840.5
5,414.7

13.0

41.2
28.7
11.1

43.0
29.7
11.7

42.9
29.7
11.7

159.9
112.0
37.6

173.3
122.3
40.3

174.2
122.9
40.5

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester.

5,281.1
5,270.4
6,281.1
4,995.9

5,361.0
5,407.4
6,367.1
4,864.3

5,555.2
5,713.9
6,508.0
5,154.9

20.3
5.7
2.2
4.0

20.3
6.6
2.3
4.2

20.9
6.5
2.3
4.3

142.8
23.3
21.1
28.6

148.7
23.2
21.6
30.3

143.5
23.4
21.2
28.9

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon .
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton

6,312.0
6.7

6,426.4
6.0

6,498.0
6.0

106.7
55.8
29.8
90.8
21.6
140.1
21.0
14.0

107.2
55.5
29.9
91.1
21.0
140.7
20.9
13.9

253.7
7.6
29.7
22.4
29.6
47.5
20.4
83.0
7.4
2.7

244.3
7.2
28.2
21.7
29.2
46.0
19.6

250.5
7.2
29.4
23.3
30.2
46.9

857.5
39.8
174.1
121.9
57.9

871.4
46.0
173.8
123.7
58.0
134.6
103.2
185.6

869.4
41.3

111.4
56.5
31.5
93.0
21.9
140.9
22.6
13.9

New Mexico
Albuquerque ..
LasCruces ....
Santa Fe

4,463.8
4,708.8

4,558.4
4,932.2

30.6
14.0

2.9
2.0

4,606.0
4,971.2
3.0

31.0
14.0

2.9
2.0

1.8

2.1

1.2

1.6
1.2

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland .
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

5,469.5

31.8
36.4

See footnotes at end of table.




80

85.1
2.0
2.8

69.8

79.4
7.1
2.8

213.8
297.6
44.8

135.5
97.2

19.9
79.8
7.2
2.9

185.7
31.2
11.4

31.3
14.2
1.8
1.2

166.7
78.3
10.8
15.9

537.6
266.7
67.1

196.6

11.1

175.1
123.9
58.3
135.7
99.3
187.1
32.0
11.2

174.5
82.7
11.3
16.7

173.3
82.3
11.5
16.4

31.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry - - Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA
Baltimore City
Suburban Maryland-D.C

127.9
71.1
35.0
48.4

129.0
69.9
34.3
47.6

127.8
69.5
34.1
47.6

700.2
368.7
150.7
265.6

712.0
373.3
152.1
268.4

708.0
374.2
152.6
267.6

419.0
207.3
90.0
171.3

397.7
201.8
87.9
158.3

417.4
206.4
88.1
169.9

Massachusetts
Barnstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

204.4
3.3
149.0
2.9
1.5
4.9
3.9
1.9
2.0
13.2
15.1

206.6
3.5
150.6
3.0
1.4
4.9
3.9
2.0
2.0
13.3
15.7

204.6
3.3
149.1
2.9
1.4
4.9
3.9
1.9
2.0
13.2
15.8

1,035.8
18.9
697.7
23.3
13.0
41.9
28.2
16.5
13.9
74.6
61.6

1,063.6
20.9
718.6
23.2
13.8
44.0
27.4
17.5
15.0
74.8
63.3

1,065.9
19.4
717.6
24.0
13.8
44.5
28.2
17.5
14.2
75.6
64.7

391.4
7.3
215.6
15.6
7.0
17.2
13.9
9.7
4.7
42.9
31.2

369.1
7.6
207.7
15.2
6.5
16.0
13.1
9.2
4.5
39.5
30.1

392.8
7.7
216.6
15.6
7.4
16.9
14.3
9.7
4.8
43.3
31.4

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

196.6
9.8
2.5
108.0
6.2
21.2
1.8
10.7
12.7
6.4

201.1
9.8
2.6
113.0
6.1
21.9
1.8
10.7
12.9
6.4

198.0
9.7
2.6
111.7
6.2
21.8
1.8
10.6
12.8
6.3

1,122.9
59.4
17.4
601.6
47.1
126.8
13.8
51.9
53.4
44.1

1,172.9
59.5
17.4
632.7
47.8
128.4
13.9
51.6
54.2
45.0

1,169.3
59.8
17.4
629.9
47.6
130.2
14.0
52.5
54.3
45.0

635.9
69.1
8.8
223.9
24.2
52.2
10.1
34.2
63.7
22.6

572.2
62.4
8.2
206.8
20.7
45.6
9.3
28.7
58.7
21.0

632.6
70.2
9.0
224.2
24.4
52.8
10.1
33.6
66.8
22.5

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

139.3
3.3
110.3
2.1
2.5

143.6
3.5
113.2
2.2
2.6

142.9
3.5
112.1
2.2
2.6

655.3
30.0
441.9
30.6
20.1

673.7
30.0
454.3
32.2
19.8

674.4
30.1
452.3
31.7
20.6

362.8
21.2
206.3
7.3
12.2

353.5
21.7
199.6
6.8
10.4

369.8
21.9
207.4
7.7
12.5

40.3
15.1

40.0
15.0

39.4
14.9

234.8
54.9

239.4
54.9

240.2
54.2

220.9
45.2

217.7
43.8

221.7
44.3

146.1
62.2
76.9
6.5

152.3
63.6
78.1
6.8

150.9
63.0
77.6
6.7

696.1
247.8
386.6
44.4

709.3
258.3
394.3
43.6

722.0
258.1
395.8
45.9

391.6
129.1
151.0
17.3

367.4
123.7
134.5
16.0

398.2
131.2
150.1
18.1

15.7

16.0

15.8

99.1

105.9

104.3

76.2

72.5

78.6

213.4
34.3
34.3

219.9
35.0
35.0

219.6
34.9
34.9

148.0
34.4
34.4

144.8
34.9
34.9

152.0
35.6
35.6

Mississippi
Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield
Montana
Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

52.9
8.9
8.9

52.7
9.3
9.3

52.4
9.3
9.3

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

36.6
27.4
7.7

38.5
28.6
8.2

38.5
28.7
8.1

356.6
259.4
68.9

371.5
272.7
68.8

371.9
273.4
68.9

97.3
59.2
21.7

94.3
56.7
20.4

103.1
62.2
22.7

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

29.2
7.7
3.2
6.1

29.5
6.7
3.6
6.1

29.2
6.6
3.4
6.1

156.0
30.4
21.4
28.5

159.5
28.4
20.8
28.9

158.5
28.4
22.0
28.1

75.6
10.2
7.4
21.3

67.7
9.0
6.3
19.2

76.4
10.4
7.7
21.6

227.8
6.2
34.7
21.9
23.0
42.6
17.6
67.2
10.5
3.4

232.7
6.4
35.1
22.7
23.3
44.1
18.1
68.3
10.8
3.4

230.1
6.3
35.1
22.5
23.2
43.4
18.0
67.3
10.5
3.4

1,098.3
86.4
180.4
133.0
54.0
159.4
117.3
283.4
66.6
12.0

1,142.9
93.1
185.6
137.5
55.8
167.9
126.3
291.0
68.3
12.2

1,133.0
89.5
185.8
137.1
56.0
166.6
121.7
291.1
67.5
12.3

550.9
29.2
66.6
73.6
38.9
75.7
61.5
138.0
50.9
12.7

545.9
28.0
68.0
72.0
39.5
73.2
62.2
137.2
49.7
12.2

547.5
27.8
67.6
72.6
39.4
76.1
61.7
135.7
50.1
12.7

29.7
15.6
1.9
3.1

31.0
16.1
2.0
3.2

30.7
16.1
2.0
3.2

194.4
103.5
10.2
20.8

205.3
107.4
11.0
21.6

203.0
107.5
11.0
21.3

166.2
62.2
18.5
24.2

160.8
59.9
17.5
23.5

168.4
63.7
18.9
23.8

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Camden
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe

See footnotes at end of table.




81

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees en nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

7,883.0
429.3
112.6
542.5
104.2
41.0
51.8
1,095.2
3,811.4
3,313.7
117.7
526.2
99.3
334.5
130.4
378.9

7,922.4
426.2
109.1
535.4
104.9
41.7
54.2
1,101.3
3,826.5
3,328.8
117.4
523.4
100.0
329.5
128.3
377.4

7,948.0
427.8
111.9
540.7
106.0
41.6
51.3
1,108.1
3,841.4
3,342.4
117.3
529.2
100.7
336.0
129.2
378.5

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,490.8
102.5
718.4
606.2
563.3

3,491.1
101.1
717.6
604.5
559.6

3,535.1
103.0
722.7
611.0
566.6

305.5
46.6
90.1
48.7

309.9
47.3
91.5
48.0

313.4
47.4
93.0
49.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,291.7
315.6
176.4
813.5
1,112.3
791.1
469.7
113.2
76.8
78.3
50.6
312.8
244.0

5,316.5
312.6
178.0
819.5
1,119.0
798.6
464.0
111.5
76.5
79.5
51.3
306.6
242.7

5,348.0
317.2
177.6
823.2
1,121.8
798.2
468.4
114.2
77.2
79.8
51.0
312.2
246.4

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,327.5
24.2
37.6
479.8
354.5

1,346.2
24.3
39.1
488.8
361.6

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

1,446.7
129.4
65.4
851.1
129.0

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

5,265.8
260.6
57.2
131.5
337.6
85.6
204.3
2,172.7
673.8
1,056.7
159.1
271.8
46.7
65.5
53.1
158.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Aug.
1996

5.2
.5

Sept.
1996P

4.8
.6

Sept.
1995

4.8
.6

(])

(M
<)

(1)

o
<>

1

( )

< >
( )

3.7

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

269.2
16.6
4.6
22.2
4.4
1.6
2.3
46.0
115.7
92.4
4.7
18.6
3.3
14.2
4.0
18.0

278.7
16.9
4.8
22.4
4.1
1.8
2.5
46.5
118.9
94.8
4.5
19.0
3.7
14.7
4.3
18.2

278.8
16.5
4.7
22.4
4.1
1.7
2.4
46.8
121.0
96.4
4.3
18.7
4.0
14.4
4.1
18.3

3.8

3.8

179.2
5.6
39.3
27.2
29.1

186.3
5.7
40.2
27.9
29.2

185.6
5.6
40.0
27.7
28.9

4.2

4.2

15.6
2.7
5.7
2.5

18.1
2.8
6.8
2.7

17.5
2.7
6.5
2.5

14.2
.4
.6
.7
1.1
.7
.4

14.0
.4
.6
.7
1.1
.7
.4

14.0
.4
.6
.8
1.1
.7
.4

.4
.2
.6

.5
.2
.6

.5
.2
.5

223.3
12.9
8.9
38.0
45.0
33.4
17.6
6.7
3.6
2.6
1.7
13.8
10.6

230.9
13.3
9.3
37.8
47.8
34.9
18.5
6.5
3.8
2.8
1.5
14.0
11.0

228.6
13.4
9.0
38.2
47.5
34.4
18.3
6.5
3.7
2.8
1.6
13.9
10.8

1,359.2
24.1
39.2
495.9
364.8

32.3
1.1
.1
6.9
7.9

31.4
1.2
.1
6.7
7.5

30.8
1.2
.1
6.6
7.5

49.1
1.4
18.1
13.8

51.1
.8
1.4
19.1
14.3

50.3
.8
1.4
19.2
13.9

1,487.8
131.0
65.0
877.6
131.5

1,506.6
132.6
67.2
887.0
133.2

1.8
.2
.1
1.0
.2

2.0
.2
.1
1.3
.2

2.0
.2
.1
1.3
.2

74.7
6.7
2.9
47.3
6.8

82.0
6.8
3.0
55.9
7.1

82.5
7.1
3.0
56.3
7.1

5,270.5
259.7
58.2
128.6
344.9
87.0
207.0
2,176.5
667.5
1,053.5
160.6
274.2
45.8
62.2
52.8
159.2

5,290.4
262.3
58.0
131.2
346.7
85.8
208.3
2,184.8
671.7
1,061.7
163.3
275.0
46.9
65.5
53.3
161.3

19.6

19.4

19.3

215.2
10.5
2.8
4.7
13.6
5.1
11.6
80.8
11.2
52.7
7.1
11.7
1.5
2.5
2.4
7.8

219.7
11.5
3.1
5.3
14.9
5.2
12.3
81.6
10.7
52.3
7.4
13.0
1.7
2.6
2.3
8.1

217.2
11.3
3.0
5.1
14.8
4.9
12.3
81.2
11.1
52.8
7.2
12.6
1.6
2.6
2.4
7.9

See footnotes at end of table.




Sept.
1995

82

< >
( )

(J)
()
< >

( )
< >
( )

(

>

J
()

O
<>

( )
1

1

)
3.6

3.8

.6

.6

3.8
)
.6

.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Aug.
1996

407.9
16.2
4.5
26.3
4.4
1.4
1.4
50.3
232.1
206.0
6.7
17.4
6.1
18.4
4.3
19.2

1,624.2
91.3
23.6
132.4
20.8
10.4
11.9
288.1
669.6
557.1
32.2
110.9
22.6
78.7
28.0
85.7

1,642.9
92.5
23.3
131.3
21.2
11.2
12.7
296.1
673.7
559.9
32.1
113.0
23.5
79.7
27.5
86.2

1,645.8
92.6
23.3
131.5
21.1
11.0
11.9
295.6
680.5
565.9
31.9
112.1
23.5
79.8
27.2
86.9

165.9
4.8
53.0
32.3
22.9

164.8
4.7
52.9
32.3
22.9

808.7
24.6
176.1
139.2
118.3

813.2
24.7
176.3
139.8
118.0

810.8
24.5
176.3
140.3
118.0

18.3
3.2
5.5
2.3

18.3
3.3
5.5
2.4

18.4
3.2
5.6
2.5

79.5
11.7
26.1
13.3

81.9
12.2
26.4
13.4

81.3
12.0
26.7
13.5

7,884.0
5,471.8
5,736.6
6,644.8
6,905.1
6,152.5
7,748.7
7,897.9
6,969.9
7,120.1
7,447.7
7,891.8
7,509.2

231.5
14.5
5.5
43.6
44.8
34.9
18.4
4.5
2.9
4.1
3.0
14.7
9.8

232.6
14.4
5.6
43.9
44.8
35.1
18.0
4.3
2.9
4.1
2.8
14.6
9.8

232.5
14.2
5.6
43.9
45.0
35.0
18.0
4.4
2.9
4.2
2.8
14.5
9.7

1,287.3
77.1
43.2
212.6
263.3
214.0
109.3
30.1
17.9
17.8
10.8
77.9
62.8

1,317.3
79.3
44.4
214.5
268.2
212.9
110.6
31.0
18.0
18.1
11.0
77.0
63.8

1,311.8
79.0
43.8
214.4
266.6
212.7
110.3
31.0
18.2
18.0
10.9
77.0
63.3

5,334.8
2.0
3.7
6,047.2
5,483.6

5,307.0
2.0
3.7
5,948.2
5,700.6

74.1
2.2
1.9
21.4
27.4

77.2
2.2
2.0
23.3
27.6

76.9
2.2
2.0
23.4
27.4

315.1
6.2
9.0
115.8
84.2

323.3
6.4
9.3
118.9
86.8

322.2
6.3
9.4
119.4
86.7

5,596.0
5,407.4
5,125.2
5,683.9
4,359.1

5,644.4
5,353.7
5,096.1
5,631.1
4,483.3

5,770.3
5,384.5
5,237.5
5,894.5
4,628.4

71.5
4.7
3.1
47.5
3.5

73.6
4.9
3.2
48.5
3.5

74.1
4.9
3.2
48.9
3.6

366.1
33.9
20.5
214.5
28.1

382.4
34.6
19.7
225.6
28.7

381.9
34.5
20.7
225.3
29.1

6,484.7
5,431.0
4,688.0
5,943.9
5,228.9
3,917.4
5,401.2
6,309.4
61.2
6,280.6
5,952.3
4,911.8
6,172.2
4,687.6
4,545.1
5,583.7

6,595.6
5,449.3
4,639.5
6,240.6
5,356.5
4,106.2
5,474.0
6,347.5
59.5
6,533.4
6,136.7
5,064.8
6,291.6
4,863.7
4,807.6
5,787.7

6,696.8
5,611.1
4,785.3
6.555.7
5,440.0
4,138.2
5,479.4
6,420.8
59.7
6,636.8
6,114.3
5,126.2
6,472.5
4.954.3
4,770.0
5,860.1

274.6
14.3
4.2
4.4
22.6
4.7
7.6
103.5
33.1
67.9
7.3
15.4
2.0
2.0
1.9
7.2

264.5
14.2
4.3
4.6
22.8
4.6
6.9
100.7
33.5
65.8
6.8
14.6
1.9
1.9
1.9
6.5

272.7
14.7
4.2
4.6
23.1
4.8
7.0
104.0
33.5
66.8
7.3
15.2
1.9
2.0
1.8
6.7

1,197.1
53.3
15.0
29.2
74.2
20.4
50.8
484.3
114.6
261.6
37.9
65.4
12.0
12.5
12.5
39.5

1.227.9
54.5
15.3
30.0
76.1
21.1
53.7
491.3
114.1
266.1
37.9
65.8
12.0
11.9
13.0
40.5

1,218.4
54.6
15.3
29.9
75.7
20.7
53.1
491.8
114.3
264.7
38.2
65.8
12.0
12.4
13.0
40.3

Aug.
1996

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Fails
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

6,328.6
6,095.6
4,505.2
7,380.8
4,784.0
5,213.1
4,926.8
4,828.0
4,853.6
4,638.9
4,470.0
6,528.2
6,729.4
6,114.1
4,728.3
5,256.7

6,335.8
5,982.1
4,490.5
7,274.6
4,462.6
5,261.9
4,879.8
4,904.5
5,017.3
4,850.2
4,791.0
6,483.7
6,941.9
6,175.5
4,785.9
5,083.9

6,430.8
6,109.5
4,521.6
7,630.3
4,467.4
5,243.1
5,320.5
4,957.7
4,944.5
4,755.8
4,749.6
6,692.9
6,899.4
6,331.7
4,845.3
5,169.4

407.9
16.2
4.5
26.4
4.1
1.4
1.5
50.7
232.1
205.7
6.6
17.2
5.9
19.1
4.3
19.7

398.9
15.9
4.5
25.3
4.3
1.4
1.5
48.2
228.2
203.3
6.3
16.5
5.8
18.4
4.2
18.3

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

5,374.0
4,350.6
4,928.3
4,790.1
4,994.3

5,515.4
4,496.2
5,209.6
4,848.9
5,290.0

5,497.1
4,528.2
5,227.0
4,841.9
5,232.7

164.5
4.6
54.6
31.7
23.3

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

4,629.2
2.5
4,585.6
4.1

4,860.2
2.6
4,833.3
3.6

4,946.2
2.6
4,899.6
4.2

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

7,652.3
5,351.8
5,603.2
6,425.7
6,719.2
5,958.0
7,505.6
7,571.8
7,093.7
6,724.3
7,419.1
7,859.3
7,227.9

7,690.4
5.399.1
5,646.7
6,523.1
6,678.1
6,068.4
7,576.5
7,620.3
6,681.2
7,059.1
7.450.5
7.579.5
7,309.9

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

5,265.7
1.9
3.8
5,422.7
5,466.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

Sept.
1996P

See footnotes at end of table.




Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Sept.
1995

83

Sept.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
{In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

723.7
25.9
3.9
28.0
4.1
1.3
2.0
79.5
506.1
474.1
5.6
23.3
5.0
18.2
7.7
25.8

730.1
26.6
4.0
28.2
4.2
1.3
1.9
79.8
508.2
476.0
5.9
23.5
5.2
18.5
7.7
25.8

724.5
26.1
3.9
28.1
4.2
1.3
1.9
79.1
505.2
473.3
5.7
23.1
5.1
18.3
7.6
25.6

2,551.4
131.1
28.8
156.8
31.5
10.0
15.8
345.0
1,347.0
1,178.7
30.5
153.0
30.0
96.9
35.8
132.4

2,610.8
132.8
29.3
157.2
32.5
10.1
18.2
355.6
1,367.7
1,195.5
32.2
154.3
30.8
92.5
36.7
134.9

2,620.3
131.2
29.2
157.7
32.4
10.2
15.9
354.2
1,383.1
1,212.0
31.0
156.5
30.1
97.1
37.3
135.1

1,348.0
106.9
21.4
85.8
21.6
7.1
9.2
171.8
608.0
527.7
25.2
74.4
20.1
57.7
29.0
56.2

1,320.4
101.0
18.6
80.5
20.7
6.8
8.6
164.6
606.9
527.9
24.1
69.0
18.9
55.2
27.9
56.0

1,329.4
104.6
21.6
84.4
21.9
6.9
9.0
171.3
595.5
516.3
25.3
73.5
19.8
57.7
28.7
55.4

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

145.4
2.9
46.3
29.9
26.2

155.2
3.1
48.3
31.5
26.8

154.2
3.1
48.3
31.5
26.6

774.7
30.1
168.0
148.4
163.7

802.3
29.4
171.9
150.3
165.7

798.2
29.6
171.6
151.0
164.9

552.7
14.6
82.5
63.1
116.2

521.1
13.4
80.6
57.2
110.7

574.7
15.5
86.5
63.4
119.0

13.9
2.2
5.4
1.5

14.2
2.3
5.5
1.5

14.2
2.3
5.5
1.5

82.3
14.5
26.1
12.9

85.7
14.9
27.2
13.6

85.5
15.0
27.0
13.1

70.6
9.8
13.9
12.1

66.2
9.2
12.6
10.8

70.1
9.6
14.0
12.0

270.5
12.3
5.4
50.7
69.3
64.6
16.6
4.3
2.2
2.9
1.6
10.5
9.4

280.1
12.3
5.3
52.3
71.3
68.1
17.1
4.2
2.2
2.8
1.7
10.9
9.5

278.2
12.2
5.2
52.1
70.4
67.7
17.0
4.1
2.2
2.7
1.7
10.8
9.4

1,415.7
85.8
47.1
225.8
321.9
219.0
132.9
26.5
19.6
19.2
12.8
89.1
63.1

1,443.0
88.0
48.5
231.3
324.6
225.4
133.7
26.9
19.7
19.3
13.6
89.7
62.7

1,443.2
86.9
47.8
229.1
325.2
225.5
135.1
26.9
20.1
19.6
13.4
89.2
63.4

742.3
47.4
18.7
100.8
138.2
130.5
71.6
19.8
9.9
9.8
6.1
45.8
29.3

703.5
41.1
17.6
98.5
133.8
130.1
65.6
17.2
9.8
10.2
5.9
39.5
26.4

745.2
47.4
18.8
103.9
139.4
130.7
68.9
20.1
10.1
10.1
5.8
46.1
29.6

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

66.3
1.1
1.7
27.1
20.0

67.5
1.0
1.9
27.7
20.7

67.1
1.0
1.9
27.5
20.8

351.3
6.5
7.9
137.2
105.5

365.7
6.5
8.4
145.7
109.8

368.9
6.4
8.3
146.5
110.9

269.4
4.3
11.8
101.0
41.9

255.9
4.2
12.3
93.2
39.6

269.6
4.2
12.4
100.0
42.2

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

88.6
6.8
2.9
62.7
6.4

91.4
7.2
3.0
66.9
6.5

91.6
7.2
3.0
66.7
6.5

377.2
35.3
16.9
233.9
30.7

401.0
35.7
17.6
245.5
30.8

406.9
35.8
17.9
249.1
32.0

230.5
22.2
9.8
104.8
32.4

212.0
21.0
9.0
91.7
32.4

227.1
22.6
9.9
98.4
33.3

304.7
13.9
1.8
5.8
23.5
4.3
8.9
152.6
56.1
60.6
9.0
13.5
1.5
1.8
2.3
5.0

315.0
13.6
2.0
5.6
25.1
4.6
9.4
157.7
55.7
61.0
9.2
14.4
1.6
1.6
2.3
4.9

310.8
13.5
1.9
5.6
25.0
4.5
9.3
155.3
55.2
60.6
9.2
14.2
1.5
1.6
2.3
4.8

1,606.0
79.9
15.3
36.4
87.4
24.9
50.5
745.8
271.7
358.4
35.9
74.6
13.3
13.1
13.7
37.4

1,612.9
81.1
15.6
35.5
90.4
25.5
52.2
748.5
265.5
360.3
38.2
75.9
12.5
13.4
14.1
36.4

1,615.4
82.2
15.5
36.6
91.0
24.9
52.8
753.6
272.4
362.4
38.4
75.7
13.6
13.5
14.2
36.9

709.6
28.8
7.5
15.4
69.8
13.5
17.9
297.7
125.9
119.8
18.4
34.0
5.3
25.2
7.0
14.3

679.8
27.5
7.3
13.8
68.8
13.4
16.4
293.8
128.5
110.3
16.5
32.7
5.0
22.1
6.6
14.6

709.4
29.2
7.5
15.5
70.5
13.8
17.6
295.4
125.5
117.6
18.4
33.6
5.2
24.5
7.0
16.1

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks
Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

Pennsylvania
Allentown Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Philadelphia City
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

See footnotes at end of table.




84

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(in thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

446.6
500.5

444.4
494.9

448.1
501.2

1,664.1
210.3
264.8
447.3

1,685.9
211.5
269.1
449.3

1,694.6
212.7
272.0
456.1

348.2
45.8
96.9

356.2
46.8
99.4

354.1
45.7
99.2

2.5

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,544.7
216.8
195.4
316.7
536.6
603.8

2,561.0
214.8
191.8
313.2
534.9
605.3

2,596.3
216.2
194.7
314.0
544.7
611.0

4.6

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Long view-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Den ison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

8,089.8
52.8
91.2
525.3
150.7
71.6
91.9
65.3
146.0

8,281.6
52.2
94.0
532.4
151.2
71.5

8,318.6
53.6
94.3
545.3

155.8

153.6

1.3

1.3
.7

152.5
72.6
95.6
66.2

.8
1.5

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
G reen ville-Spartanburg- Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

1,620.4
237.1
660.3
87.9
1,772.0

95.3
62.5
148.0
1,672.0
234.4

149.9
1,680.5

679.2

235.1
683.3

87.5
1,807.3

86.9
1,814.6

93.3
55.4

96.0
55.1

84.2

84.1
110.3
123.8
98.7
41.0

96.8
55.7
84.8

107.8
122.9

96.3
41.4
626.6
41.3
49.5

636.7
40.9

111.3
126.0
99.1
41.0
641.6
41.4
50.0
71.8
33.4

1.9
( )
< >

14.7
16.2

15.1
17.6

14.4
17.5

1.9

1.9

88.0
12.9
13.4
27.2

90.7
13.5
14.2
27.7

90.4
13.4
14.1
27.6

2.3

15.6
3.1
5.0

16.5
3.3
5.3

15.7
3.1
5.1

4.6

113.1
8.8

121.7
9.2

122.2

9.8

9.6

.5

18.0
22.9
28.3

18.1

(M)
2.4

)
)

)
4.6

.5

1.1
.8

1.4

1

( )

.7
2.6
12.0
1
)
4.5

.6
2.4
11.4
(1)
4.4
.9

.9
64.3
1

153.3
1.3
.7
1.1
.8
1.4

1

( )

1

66.0
1

)

1

( )

2.7
3.3
.2
1.0
11.8
.5
1.9

2.8
3.3
.1
1.1

2.4
11.3
)
4.4
.8

1.9

67.9
10.3
42.4

68.2
10.3
43.0

.7

13.7
1.7
5.0

14.8
1.5
5.0

15.2
1.5
4.9

10.2

172.4
1.4
4.0
2.2

177.1
1.6

5.9
37.0
52.0
29.9
7.7

178.2
1.7
4.3
2.4
5.9
38.7
52.2
31.3
8.0

132.4
62.6
10.9
12.7

134.4
68.2
10.9
12.8

135.2
68.4
10.9
12.7

93.6
57.8

94.9
58.8

1.3

1.3

1.3

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

927.4
128.0
623.1

963.7
128.4
649.5

978.8
134.6
657.1

8.4

7.9

8.0

3.2

3.1

3.1

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

274.3
30.3
96.1

271.5
29.2
93.0

279.0
30.1
96.8

.6

.7

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3.082.0
37.3
75.1

3,116.5

3,138.2

10.7

36.3
76.1
43.6
96.2

37.1
79.6
44.6
97.3
635.0
958.4
510.7

Washington
Seattle-Beilevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

2,391.5
1,200.0
181.1

931.7
503.1
137.1

219.7

631.3
954.8
508.7
138.4
2,415.6

1,232.5
177.9
220.5

222.6

See footnotes at end of table.




1.3
1.3

)

1

< )

(
(1>

>

138.6
2.455.6
1,249.4
181.7

85

3.6
.7

3.4
.8

9.9
31.7
4.9
124.6
4.3

60.3
10.7
38.3

93.7
57.5

44.6
96.5
634.7

13.8
8.3
3.2
2.8
11.9
75.8

1.7
34.4
1.8
2.5
2.4
2.3
4.4
2.2

1.4
1.3

(J)
<>

9.9
31.8

26.3

1.8
34.3
1.8
2.5
2.4
2.3
4.5
2.2

49.7
71.7
33.2

10.2

4.8
26.7
13.8
8.3
3.2
2.8
11.7
75.3

437.1
2.2
4.7

1.8
32.2
1.7
2.3
2.5
2.2
4.2
2.1

;

J

10.3
28.9
5.5
122.3
4.0
2.1
3.7
4.2
5.8

28.8

436.7
2.2

5.1

)
2.8
3.3
.1
1.1
12.1
.4
1.9

12.1
.4

418.6
2.1
4.4
25.2
12.9
8.2
2.9
2.6
11.4
69.8

23.9

9.3
9.6
17.9
24.0
28.6

4.9
124.4
4.3
2.1
3.9
4.6
6.3
5.3

65.9

71.9
33.2

1.3
1.4

Sept.
1996P

.2
.2

1

.8

Aug.
1996

.2
.2

)

1.0

Sept.
1995

Sept.
1996P

3.5
.8

2.1
4.0
4.5

6.4
5.3

4.1
2.3
5.9
38.4
52.3
31.1

7.9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
IManufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

4,657.5
4,628.1

4,569.1
4,748.8

4,705.2
4,783.0

15.1
17.3

14.7
16.3

15.3
17.1

99.6
116.5

100.6
117.7

98.2
116.4

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

4,785.4
20.6
26.5
128.1

4,838.0
20.8
25.9
126.5

4,836.7
20.8
26.1
126.2

72.1
11.0
12.0
18.1

74.4
11.5
12.2
19.2

74.2
11.4
12.2
19.2

392.6
54.1
61.3
109.2

409.9
56.0
63.1
111.8

409.1
55.7
63.5
112.2

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

4,170.6
4,001.1
4,412.7

4,170.3
3,992.7
4,316.1

4,186.8
4,011.9
4,308.5

16.1
2.1
6.1

16.1
2.1
6.2

16.1
2.0
6.2

88.4
13.9
25.5

93.7
14.6
26.5

90.9
14.0
25.9

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxvllle
Memphis
Nashville

5,077.4
4,447.6
4,723.1
4,466.7
4,698.3
4,910.1

5,288.7
4,672.6
5,060.5
4,513.9
5,130.3
5,216.1

5,318.1
4,751.3
5,062.2
4,589.1
5,089.9
5,360.1

137.7
8.0
7.6
13.4
57.4
31.5

138.1
8.0
7.2
13.5
58.7
31.3

138.6
8.0
7.2
13.3
59.0
31.3

599.9
50.4
43.9
82.2
139.3
145.4

618.5
50.6
42.7
81.4
140.4
147.9

619.9
50.6
42.8
81.8
141.4
148.1

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

6,198.2
3.2
9.7
69.9
24.0
16.3
13.4
3.6
13.6
5,353.4
48.1
5,520.1
8.1
6,694.1
10.0
1.7
18.1
7.7
13.4
6.7
5.4
4,132.2
10.4
5.7
12.0
3.0
17.0
8.1

6,335.7
3.1
9.6
72.1
24.0
16.4
13.7
3.9
13.7
5,578.1
47.1
5,699.2
7.8
6,520.4
10.5
1.6
18.2
7.5
12.6
7.0
5.2
4,139.4
10.3
5.7
10.9
3.2
16.9
8.1

6,339.6
3.1
9.4
71.7
24.0
16.2
13.6
3.9
13.7
5,614.6
47.5
5,582.0
7.7
6,635.0
10.4
1.7
18.2
7.5
12.6
7.0
5.1
4,198.3
10.3
5.6
10.7
3.1
16.8
8.1

478.4
2.7
5.8
16.4
8.4
3.1
4.2
1.3
6.7
105.0
12.7
62.8
4.5
123.9
3.2
8.1
4.0
5.7
4.3
4.1
2.5
28.9
1.6
2.2
3.2
1.4
3.8
2.9

490.2
2.7
6.0
17.3
8.3
3.2
4.2
1.4
6.8
110.6
12.6
60.7
4.3
126.4
3.4
7.9
4.0
6.0
4.8
4.2
2.5
29.6
1.5
2.1
3.4
1.4
3.8
2.8

492.1
2.7
6.0
17.4
8.3
3.2
4.1
1.4
6.8
111.4
12.6
60.9
4.4
126.3
3.3
8.0
3.9
6.0
4.8
4.2
2.5
29.6
1.5
2.1
3.4
1.4
3.8
2.8

1,961.1
13.9
25.5
112.3
35.1
13.8
23.5
14.6
34.5
407.8
56.3
168.0
19.1
416.0
22.5
15.6
21.2
31.3
33.7
25.9
10.2
155.1
9.7
12.8
18.1
9.0
21.7
13.4

2,014.7
14.4
26.4
119.2
35.9
13.9
24.6
13.9
35.7
423.4
55.0
175.1
19.4
426.7
23.8
15.5
21.4
32.7
34.8
26.8
9.8
158.9
9.5
13.2
18.4
8.9
22.0
13.9

2,013.1
14.3
26.4
119.0
35.7
13.9
24.6
14.4
35.2
424.5
55.0
174.7
19.1
424.7
23.6
15.6
21.4
33.0
34.8
26.8
9.8
157.3
9.3
13.2
18.3
8.9
21.9
13.9

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Ogden

4,892.7
17.3
5,018.1

5,293.4
18.3
5,194.6

5,418.5
18.5
5,302.7

51.7
2.3
40.0

53.5
2.3
42.0

53.9
2.3
42.2

223.7
28.1
153.0

234.6
29.6
160.0

234.9
30.2
160.2

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

5,365.3
3.4
5,537.3

5.126.9
3.9
5,448.5

5,329.0
3.8
5,725.9

12.0
.9
4.5

11.9
.8
5.0

12.1
.9
4.6

65.9
6.6
22.5

66.5
6.4
22.4

66.1
6.4
22.6

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

5,504.6
4,260.5
4,547.6
5,175.7
4,506.5
66.7
5,305.0
6,605.4
5,906.6

5,775.2
4,709.9
4,485.3
4,782.1
4,844.3
65.1
5,175.5
7,416.5
5,507.7

5,787.0
4,717.8
4,969.0
5,210.0
4,976.5
65.0
5,316.1
7,149.3
5,585.3

157.5
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.7
30.5
56.3
25.9
8.6

163.4
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.6
31.2
59.7
26.0
8.3

163.3
1.3
2.3
1.1
3.6
31.2
59.5
26.3
8.3

705.6
10.0
15.5
9.3
21.4
152.9
207.4
120.2
36.3

717.0
10.1
15.9
9.4
21.4
152.9
210.8
123.3
36.8

716.8
10.2
16.1
9.4
21.4
153.4
210.5
122.5
36.5

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

6,067.5
188.7
22.1
23.0

6,471.0
198.2
22.5
23.5

6,589.4
200.2
22.3
23.5

122.7
74.0
8.3
9.9

123.5
75.6
8.4
10.1

124.2
76.0
8.4
10.1

595.2
292.1
47.1
57.0

601.2
301.6
47.2
57.3

603.9
301.5
47.3
58.1

See footnotes at end of table.




86

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Government

Services

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick

24.9
26.6

24.9
26.5

24.9
26.5

147.2
153.5

149.5
154.2

151.4
155.6

59.4
62.6

56.5
58.8

60.6
63.9

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson

70.0
8.2
19.2
15.6

72.9
8.4
19.9
15.7

72.3
8.3
19.8
15.7

370.8
55.5
62.7
92.9

387.7
56.5
66.0
96.5

388.6
56.8
66.2
97.8

292.4
48.0
69.7
56.2

281.4
44.8
67.8
51.9

292.4
46.3
70.1
57.4

South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

19.1
1.6
10.0

20.3
1.7
10.5

20.1
1.7
10.5

90.1
13.8
27.9

93.5
14.3
29.3

92.2
14.0
29.2

69.6
7.0
9.5

64.9
6.7
8.7

68.5
6.8
9.6

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

111.3
13.5
5.7
11.6
26.7
34.5

114.1
13.9
5.9
11.9
27.4
35.5

113.6
13.9
5.9
11.9
27.1
35.6

651.3
56.4
42.9
86.4
145.1
186.7

665.2
55.2
42.6
85.6
146.9
190.1

671.0
55.0
43.0
85.1
147.7
190.8

385.8
34.7
29.9
55.5
79.8
77.5

371.2
33.6
29.4
53.3
74.0
72.9

396.5
35.1
31.6
54.4
81.3
77.3

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

439.1
1.9
4.5
27.9
4.7
1.8
3.5
2.6
6.4
131.3
8.7
29.2
5.3
95.3
3.8
2.0
2.8
4.8
4.2
3.5
1.7
43.2
2.1
1.8
3.6
1.6
5.6

447.7
2.0
4.7
29.0
4.9
1.8
3.6
2.6
6.6
131.7
8.8
30.5
5.3
95.2
3.9
2.1
2.9
5.1
4.4
3.4
1.7
44.0
2.0
1.8
3.7
1.6
5.8
2.2

446.5
2.0
4.7
28.9
4.9
1.8
3.7
2.5
6.5
131.8
8.9
30.6
5.3
94.8
3.9
2.0
2.9
5.1
4.4
3.5
1.7
44.0
2.0
1.8
3.7
1.6
5.6
2.2

2,151.8
17.8
22.8
142.8
39.8
13.3
23.0
13.0
40.2
471.0
51.3
172.9
17.9
523.3
23.9
9.7
19.8
31.2
26.1
22.0
10.7
185.6
10.5
13.1
20.2
8.6
26.7
15.0

2,256.1
17.0
25.8
146.5
39.9
13.6
24.4
13.2
42.0
492.9
52.4
184.9
18.0
542.1
24.5
9.7
19.7
31.5
27.1
23.4
11.4
191.9
10.8
13.3
20.9
8.8
26.2
15.4

2,251.0
18.0
25.5
147.8
39.5
13.6
23.6
13.5
42.3
492.9
51.7
183.7
17.6
540.3
24.6
9.7
19.7
31.7
27.1
23.2
11.4
192.4
11.2
13.3
20.9
8.7
27.6
15.5

1,448.4
9.9
17.7
129.8
25.0
13.6
21.4
26.9
30.6
192.5
49.7
87.4
26.6
239.5
25.9
13.5
11.3
22.7
34.4
17.2
8.6
130.6
5.3
11.6
11.0
6.0
14.7
12.5

1,435.3
9.5
16.0
120.5
23.6
12.9
21.6
24.1
29.1
190.2
48.6
85.3
26.9
233.9
25.6
13.4
10.7
22.8
32.7
16.5
8.2
126.1
5.0
11.1
10.6
5.7
14.4
11.9

1,478.8
10.0
16.9
133.1
25.5
14.2
22.8
27.1
31.1
196.0
49.5
90.5
27.1
246.4
26.7
13.8
11.4
23.4
34.8
17.0
8.4
132.2
5.3
11.5
11.1
6.1
14.8
12.8

2.2

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt LakeCity-Ogden

48.7
40.6

51.4
3.6
42.3

52.0
3.7
42.4

247.3
48.9
163.8

260.4
48.4
175.9

263.6
51.7
177.3

161.9
17.4
104.6

156.2
15.9
101.1

166.4
17.9
105.8

Vermont
Barre-Montpelier
Burlington

12.1
2.5
4.6

12.6
2.4
4.6

12.5
2.4
4.5

79.4
8.0
27.7

81.5
8.1
26.6

80.7
7.9
27.1

44.7
7.2
14.5

36.9
6.1
11.3

45.1
7.2
15.0

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

161.0
1.2
4.0
1.4
4.1
28.3
54.1
42.4
9.4

163.7
1.2
4.1
1.5
4.5
29.0
54.7
42.8
9.6

162.4
1.2
4.1
1.5
4.5
28.5
54.3
42.7
9.6

886.8
7.7
19.0
8.4
22.5
183.9
347.3
128.4
38.8

922.2
7.3
19.5
8.3
22.9
185.8
369.8
130.6
39.9

924.1
7.6
19.6
8.6
23.8
185.9
369.3
131.4
40.1

586.5
5.4
22.5
5.7
12.3
135.4
174.6
95.4
16.9

565.8
4.9
22.4
5.0
12.3
128.6
168.0
93.1
16.5

588.9
5.5
25.7
5.7
12.5
132.6
172.9
95.3
17.1

Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett
Spokane
Tacoma

122.3
73.6
10.2
11.1

125.9
76.2
10.2
11.6

125.7
76.3
10.2
11.6

640.5
336.4
54.2
60.3

661.6
350.7
52.4
60.4

669.7
351.6
54.1
61.2

435.1
171.9
28.3
45.5

417.1
161.2
26.3
44.6

442.0
174.6
28.5
45.2

3.3

See footnotes at end of table.




87

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry —• Continued
(tn thousands)
Mining

Total

Construction

State and area
Sept.
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming

Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands

See footnotes at end of table.




Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

694.1
126.6
118.5
118.5
62.9

696.8
129.0
120.3
120.3
63.5

129.3
121.2
121.2
62.6

2,585.0
189.2
66.9
129.6
69.1
49.4
66.7
258.6
806.3
80.4
59.1
62.2

2,605.5
192.0
66.0
133.0
70.7
48.4
65.3
261.8
813.4
82.1
61.9
63.3

2,617.3
192.9
68.0
133.1
70.6
48.6
66.5
265.1
814.7
81.8
61.5
63.9

228.6
31.0

226.5
29.6

230.6
29.8

907.8
58.8
67.4
71.8
567.0

921.5
61.6
68.6
71.2
576.7

911.8
61.0
65.4
71.2
575.1

41.9

40.8

40.9

Sept.
1995

Sept.
1996P

Aug.
1996

27.3
1.8
1.3
1.3
1.4

25.6
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.4

2.6

2.7

< )
(
>

)
>
< >

38.4
8.7
7.6
7.6
2.6

2.6

109.6
10.1
3.0
7.0
3.1
2.3
2.8
12.4
29.8
3.2
2.5
2.6

119.2
11.1
3.2
7.7
3.7
2.5
3.1
13.7
30.4
3.2
2.7
2.7

117.2
11.5
3.2
7.6
3.6
2.5
3.1
13.3
30.4
3.1
2.7
2.7

16.9
1.9

16.2
1.9

16.1
1.8

16.2
1.8

47.0
2.7
3.4
3.9

49.5
3.2
4.3
3.8

33.8

35.8

46.5
3.2
4.1
3.5
33.5

1.1

1.7

1.7

< >
(
>
(
>
1
( )
( >
(1)

17.3
2.2

17.1
1.8

1.0

1.0

( )
( )
(1

37.5
8.4
7.3
7.3
2.6

(

o

Sept.
1996P

35.8
7.3
6.7
6.7
2.6

(

( >
(
>

Aug.
1996

25.6
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.5

< >
(
>
(1)

()

()

Sept.
1995

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry — Continued
(In thousands)
Manufacturing

Transportation and
public utilities

Wholesale and retail trade

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

5,504.8
6,696.3
6,259.4
6,259.4
6,180.0

5,601.7
6,749.1
6,143.0
6,143.0
6,684.3

5,717.7
7,002.1
6,425.2
6,425.2
7,050.2

40.4
9.2
7.1
7.1
3.3

39.4
9.2
6.9
6.9
3.0

39.1
9.2
6.9
6.9
2.8

161.5
31.8
31.0
31.0
15.6

163.3
32.2
31.1
31.1
15.7

163.2
32.1
31.1
31.1
15.5

Wisconsin

6,248.8
6,280.7
6,500.0
6,120.1
8,041.4
5,908.8
4,577.9
5,170.5
6,352.9
5,448.5
5,678.8
5,932.4

6,325.2
6,506.3
5,858.1
5,917.3
8,122.4
6,024.9
4,529.9
5,206.4
6,312.8
5,887.1
5,619.6
5,779.7

6,447.3
6,679.5
5,903.1
5,914.5
8,067.9
6,009.0
4,601.1
5,474.1
6,390.1
5,969.7
5,979.3
5,908.7

120.9
7.2
3.5
9.0
2.4
1.8
3.0
8.4
38.1
3.0
2.0
3.7

117.5
7.7
3.4
9.2
2.4
1.7
3.0
8.3
37.0
3.4
1.9
3.7

121.2
7.8
3.3
9.2
2.5
1.7
2.9
8.6
38.1
3.4
2.0
3.8

592.0
40.5
18.4
30.3
16.4
14.0
19.8
58.6
175.3
16.4
10.6
15.3

603.4
41.3
18.3
31.2
17.3
13.9
19.7
59.9
179.6
17.2
10.7
15.8

598.7
41.9
18.7
30.7
17.0
13.8
20.1
60.8
177.6
17.0
10.7
15.7

Wyoming
Casper

4,994.0
1.6

5,450.4
1.6

5,786.1
1.6

13.6
1.6

13.7
1.6

13.7
1.6

54.3
8.9

55.0
8.6

54.2
8.7

Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon

3,072.9
14.7
18.9
11.1
69.3

3,394.7
14.8
18.6
10.9
68.1

2,761.7
14.5
16.1
10.7
66.8

22.7
.7
.6
2.1
17.3

21.4
.7
.5
1.6
17.9

21.3
.7
.6
1.6
17.4

179.8
12.8
11.3
13.5
117.5

180.1
14.0
11.1
13.6
116.5

178.8
13.9
11.1
13.2
115.9

Virgin Islands

6,381.3

7,099.2

6,936.9

2.6

2.3

2.3

9.7

8.8

8.9

Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

See footnotes at end of table.




89

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-14. Employees on nonfarm payrolls in States and selected areas by major industry -— Continued
(In thousands)
Finance, insurance,
and real estate

Services

Government

State and area
Sept.
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
Virgin Islands
1

Combined with construction.
Not available.
P = preliminary.

2




Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

27.1
7.1
3.7
3.7
2.9

26.9
7.3
3.6
3.6
2.9

26.8
7.3
3.5
3.5
2.9

185.4
37.4
31.1
31.1
20.9

189.3
37.8
32.1
32.1
21.7

189.3
37.9
32.0
32.0
21.8

133.6
22.2
19.5
19.5

136.3
9.6
2.5
9.5
2.0
1.6
2.4
20.8
56.6
2.2
2.0
4.5

138.8
9.9
2.6
9.9
2.1
1.5
2.4
21.3
58.0
2.2
1.8
4.6

137.7
9.8
2.6
9.8
2.1
1.5
2.3
20.9
58.0
2.1
1.8
4.5

643.1
41.3
16.4
30.6
15.6
11.4
18.1
61.7
241.4
21.1
11.1
11.5

657.6
41.7
16.7
31.1
15.1
10.7
17.6
62.9
246.6
21.9
12.5
11.7

656.2
41.6
16.6
31.6
14.9
10.5
17.8
62.6
246.0
21.9
12.6
11.6

372.5
21.0
11.6

5.9
6.9

6.1
6.5

88.6
9.4
6.1
7.3

8.1
1.2

8.1
1.1

8.0
1.1

51.0
8.1

53.8
8.1

51.3
7.9

58.0
5.5

52.6
5.0

60.0
5.2

42.7
1.7
2.2
2.2
33.2

42.8
1.6
2.4
2.2
33.4

42.4
1.5
2.3
2.2
33.0

167.5
10.5
10.9
14.8

114.4

168.0
10.7
10.5
14.6
116.9

168.8
10.4
10.3
14.9
117.3

295.1
15.7
20.1
24.2
181.0

309.6
16.6
21.2
24.5
187.6

310.0
16.8
20.9
25.1
190.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

10.5

9.1

9.2

13.8

14.9

14.8

9.6

15.0
8.1
7.2

9.5
68.4
88.4
9.2

132.9
22.3
19.4
19.4
9.8

134.6
22.3
20.2
20.2
9.2

355.5
20.5
10.3
14.9
8.0
7.2
8.2
66.9
85.6

378.5
21.6
12.0
15.7
8.5
7.6
9.0
70.5

9.4

NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks.

90

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry

Industry

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

Total private

34.6

34.7

34.8

34.9

34.5

Goods-producing

41.6

41.4

41.4

41.7

41.5

45.4

45.4

45.3

45.9

46.0

Mining

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

44.6
45.5
46.5

44.1
43.9
44.4

43.0
44.1
44.5

45.0
44.9
46.8

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

45.8
46.0

45.5
45.5

45.3
45.4

46.1
46.1

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

44.3
41.8
45.8

44.8
42.1
46.5

44.5
40.6
46.7

45.0
42.3
46.4

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

14
142

48.6
49.7

47.7
48.9

48.4
49.6

48.8
50.3

39.9

40.1

39.8

39.7

15
152
153
154

38.9
37.4
39.5
40.3

39.0
37.6
40.8
40.3

38.6
37.1
40.4
40.0

38.5
36.8
40.5
40.0

16
161
162

44.4
46.5
43.4

44.8
46.3
44.2

44.2
46.7
43.0

44.5
46.3
43.6

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

39.1
39.8
36.5
40.4
36.4
36.8
36.4

39.1
39.8
36.7
40.3
36.7
36.6
36.8

39.2
39.8
37.6
40.8
36.3
36.1
37.0

38.9
39.6
37.2
40.4
36.1
36.1
35.7

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

42.0
42.8
41.1
41.4
41.9
42.6
39.2
41.1
40.9
39.7
41.8
42.8
39.3
40.9
40.9
40.8

41.7
42.6
41.2
42.2
41.8
42.3
39.6
41.2
40.6
39.9
42.2
44.8
38.9
40.6
40.7
41.0

41.8
42.5
41.4
42.1
42.3
42.6
40.7
41.5
41.7
39.9
42.0
43.5
39.0
40.1
40.0
40.9

42.3
43.0
41.7
42.4
42.6
42.9
41.8
41.9
42.1
40.6
42.0
44.5
39.4
39.5
39.4
41.6

41.9
42.6
41.4

4.8
5.1
4.6
6.6
4.9
5.5
2.9
4.2
3.6
3.2
5.0
6.2
3.7
4.2
4.4
3.8

4.6
4.9
4.4
6.3
4.9
5.4
3.2
4.2
3.3
3.5
5.0
6.4
3.1
3.7
3.8
3.7

4.7
5.0
4.6
6.0
5.3
5.7
3.6
4.5
4.0
3.9
4.9
5.9
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.5

5.1
5.3
4.7
6.2
5.3
5.7
4.1
4.6
4.2
4.0
5.2
6.3
3.8
3.1
2.9
3.9

40.1
39.4
39.6
39.0
40.0
39.9
38.8
42.4
42.4
40.4

40.1
39.5
39.8
39.0
40.7
38.0
39.9
41.9
41.4
40.0

40.0
38.9
39.5
37.3
41.3
40.5
40.4
42.3
42.6
40.0

40.4
38.9
39.1
38.0
40.7
40.1
41.4
42.7
43.6
41.1

40.2

3.5
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.1
3.6
3.5
4.7
5.1
3.1

3.2
2.8
2.9
2.7
3.4
2.2
3.2
4.3
3.9
2.7

3.5
2.6
2.8
1.7
4.1
4.0
3.6
5.9
5.1
3.6

3.6
2.6
2.8
2.0
3.9
3.3
3.5
6.0
5.6
3.7

Oct.
1996P

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway
Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures

25
251
2511
2512
2514

2515
252
253
254
259

See footnotes at end of table.




92

39.8

4.7
5.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—-Continued

1987
SIC
Code

Industry

Average hourly <earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$11.55 $11.60 $11.77 $11.96 $11.95 $399.63 $402.52 $409.60 $417.40 $412.28

Total private
Goods-producing
Mining

13.22

13.20

13.55

13.67

13.63

549.95

546.48

560.97

570.04

565.65

15.35

15.34

15.51

15.72

15.52

696.89

696.44

702.60

721.55

713.92

Metal mining
Iron ores
Copper ores

10
101
102

16.90
18.76
14.90

16.93
18.14
15.30

17.43
18.58
15.83

17.58
18.85
15.98

_
_
-

753.74
853.58
692.85

746.61
796.35
679.32

749.49
819.38
704.44

791.10
846.37
747.86

_
_
-

Coal mining
Bituminous coal and lignite mining

12
122

18.50
18.73

18.44
18.67

18.57
18.84

18.71
19.01

_

847.30
861.58

839.02
849.49

841.22
855.34

862.53
876.36

_

-

Oil and gas extraction
Crude petroleum and natural gas
Oil and gas field services

13
131
138

14.49
18.82
12.11

14.52
19.01
12.07

14.67
19.09
12.51

14.95
19.62
12.60

_
_
-

641.91
786.68
554.64

650.50
800.32
561.26

652.82
775.05
584.22

672.75
829.93
584.64

_
-

14
142

13.70
13.01

13.66
12.89

13.98
13.38

14.09
13.47

_

665.82
646.60

651.58
630.32

676.63
663.65

687.59
677.54

-

15.34

15.34

15.55

15.75

15.74

612.07

615.13

618.89

625.28

15
152
153
154

14.50
13.37
14.21
15.50

14.56
13.45
13.99
15.54

14.57
13.18
13.86
15.85

14.86
13.58
14.09
16.01

_
_
-

564.05
500.04
561.30
624.65

567.84
505.72
570.79
626.26

562.40
488.98
559.94
634.00

572.11
499.74
570.65
640.40

_
-

16
161
162

15.12
15.51
14.93

15.08
15.39
14.93

15.50
16.01
15.22

15.68
16.13
15.45

_
-

671.33
721.22
647.96

675.58
712.56
659.91

685.10
747.67
654.46

697.76
746.82
673.62

_
_
-

17
171
172
173
174
175
176

15.68
15.95
14.41
17.03
15.58
15.11
13.46

15.67
15.87
14.39
17.03
15.54
15.12
13.51

15.87
16.11
14.18
17.18
15.87
15.59
13.71

16.04
16.35
14.34
17.39
15.95
15.83
13.66

_
_
-

613.09
634.81
525.97
688.01
567.11
556.05
489.94

612.70
631.63
528.11
686.31
570.32
553.39
497.17

622.10
641.18
533.17
700.94
576.08
562.80
507.27

623.96
647.46
533.45
702.56
575.80
571.46
487.66

_
_
_
_
_
-

24
241
242
2421
2426
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
244
245
2451
249

12.47
13.05
10.28
12.01
10.45
10.81
8.95
10.24
10.46
9.61
8.99
12.43
7.77
10.22
10.36
9.79

12.43
12.97
10.27
11.90
10.45
10.81
8.99
10.24
10.45
9.63
8.90
12.40
7.76
10.29
10.45
9.69

12.79
13.38
10.53
12.05
10.54
10.88
9.14
10.65
10.87
10.18
9.22
12.94
8.10
10.76
10.97
9.88

12.90
13.51
10.56
11.97
10.68
11.07
9.13
10.64
10.75
10.14
9.34
13.08
8.16
10.66
10.84
10.01

12.84
13.41
10.53
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

523.74
558.54
422.51
497.21
437.86
460.51
350.84
420.86
427.81
381.52
375.78
532.00
305.36
418.00
423.72
399.43

518.33
552.52
423.12
502.18
436.81
457.26
356.00
421.89
424.27
384.24
375.58
555.52
301.86
417.77
425.32
397.29

534.62
568.65
435.94
507.31
445.84
463.49
372.00
441.98
453.28
406.18
387.24
562.89
315.90
431.48
438.80
404.09

545.67
580.93
440.35
507.53
454.97
474.90
381.63
445.82
452.58
411.68
392.28
582.06
321.50
421.07
427.10
416.42

538.00
571.27
435.94
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-

25
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
252
253
254
259

9.95
9.42
8.93
10.12
9.10
10.07
10.59
10.34
11.02
10.10

9.92
9.38
8.87
10.15
9.13
9.81
10.78
10.41
10.91
10.07

10.19
9.62
9.17
10.31
9.21
10.34
10.99
10.75
11.16
10.37

10.27
9.71
9.28
10.40
9.33
10.28
11.11
10.88
11.20
10.28

10.28
-

399.00
371.15
353.63
394.68
364.00
401.79
410.89
438.42
467.25
408.04

397.79
370.51
353.03
395.85
371.59
372.78
430.12
436.18
451.67
402.80

407.60
374.22
362.22
384.56
380.37
418.77
444.00
454.73
475.42
414.80

414.91
377.72
362.85
395.20
379.73
412.23
459.95
464.58
488.32
422.51

413.26

Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

,

Crushed and broken stone
Construction
General building contractors
Residential building construction
Operative builders
Nonresidential building construction
Heavy construction, except building
Highway and street construction
Heavy construction, except highway

,
,

Special trade contractors
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning
Painting and paper hanging
Electrical work
Masonry, stonework, and plastering
Carpentry and floor work
Roofing, siding, and sheet metal work
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Logging
Sawmills and planing mills
Sawmills and planing mills, general
Hardwood dimension and flooring mills ...
Millwork, plywood, and structural members
Millwork
Wood kitchen cabinets
Hardwood veneer and plywood
Softwood veneer and plywood
Wood containers
Wood buildings and mobile homes
Mobile homes
Miscellaneous wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Household furniture
Wood household furniture
Upholstered household furniture
Metal household furniture
Mattresses and bedsprings
Office furniture
Public building and related furniture
Partitions and fixtures
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures
See footnotes at end of table.




93

-

_

_
-

-

_

626.45

_
_
_
_
-

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—-Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221
3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291

3292

Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

33
331

Fabricated metal products
Metal cans and shipping containers
Metal cans
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
Fabricated structural metal
Metal doors, sash, and trim
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
Sheet metal work
Architectural metal work
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
Screw machine products
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
Metal forgings and stampings
Iron and steel forgings
Automotive stampings
Metal stampings, nee
Metal services, nee
Plating and polishing
Metal coating and allied services
Ordnance and accessories, nee
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
Misc. fabricated metal products
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
Misc. fabricated wire products

34
341
3411
342
3423,5

3312

3317
332
3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

3429
343
3432
3433
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
345
3451
3452
346
3462
3465
3469
347
3471
3479
348
3483

349
3494
3496

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

44.0
45.5
42.8
44.5
41.5
42.7
43.5
41.5
41.4
46.3
47.0
45.2
46.6
42.7
40.7
42.7

43.8
43.3
42.9
44.9
41.3
43.1
43.7
41.2
41.3
45.8
45.7
44.5
46.4
42.7
40.5
43.8

44.0
47.1
42.8
44.4
41.6
41.9
43.5
41.6
41.3
46.5
47.4
44.7
47.2
42.5
42.5
45.5

44.3
47.6
42.8
44.4
41.6
42.8
44.4
42.1
41.7
46.4
47.6
45.1
46.8
42.9
42.5
46.0

43.9

6.4
7.6
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.1
4.6
4.3
4.5
8.7
8.3
7.2
9.6
4.7
2.6
6.0

6.1
6.0
4.4
5.6
3.5
5.0
4.7
4.1
4.7
8.4
7.9
6.8
9.4
4.6
2.8
6.0

6.6
9.2
4.9
6.2
4.0
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.6
9.0
9.1
7.4
10.0
5.3
4.1
5.6

6.9
10.3
5.4
6.2
4.8
5.1
5.2
5.0
5.0
9.0
9.0
7.5
10.0
5.3
4.1
5.4

43.8
44.2
44.4
44.2
44.3
44.9
44.1
43.6
42.6
41.7
44.5
44.7
46.0
43.7
42.4
42.5

43.7
44.0
44.2
44.6
44.1
44.3
44.8
44.0
43.2
42.8
44.3
44.4
45.8
43.4
42.2
42.5

44.1
44.0
44.2
43.0
45.0
45.7
48.0
42.8
42.6
42.8
44.8
44.7
45.3
44.2
42.9
42.8

44.8
44.5
44.7
44.2
46.2
47.4
46.8
42.6
43.4
42.9
45.6
46.8
47.5
44.7
43.5
43.8

44.4
44.5

6.3
6.5
6.8
6.2
6.5
7.2
6.4
5.4
5.9
5.7
6.8
7.0
7.6
6.2
4.8
5.3

6.1
6.2
6.5
6.4
6.4
7.0
6.8
5.4
5.7
5.5
6.6
6.6
7.6
6.2
4.6
4.8

6.5
6.5
6.8
6.0
6.6
7.4
7.5
5.1
5.3
5.4
7.6
8.1
8.5
7.0
5.2
5.6

7.0
7.0
7.2
7.0
7.1
8.2
7.2
4.7
6.3
6.5
8.0
8.8
9.0
7.4
5.7
6.4

42.9
42.9
43.0
42.8
43.2
42.3
42.2
42.6
42.1
42.9
44.2
41.6
44.2
42.0
41.6
43.3
42.7
44.1
44.4
43.5
46.0
42.5
41.1
40.6
42.0
41.9
42.3
42.6
43.0
41.4

42.6
42.0
42.3
42.6
42.8
42.1
42.0
42.8
41.2
42.4
43.5
41.2
43.5
41.8
41.6
43.3
42.9
43.8
44.3
43.2
45.8
42.5
41.4
41.0
42.0
42.0
41.8
42.0
42.4
40.9

42.6
43.3
43.5
42.9
42.7
42.8
42.3
42.4
42.4
42.5
43.4
42.2
43.0
41.8
41.9
43.1
42.0
44.4
43.3
43.1
44.5
41.3
41.8
41.4
42.5
41.2
42.4
42.0
42.5
40.7

43.0
43.4
43.6
43.1
42.8
43.0
42.3
41.6
43.1
42.7
43.5
42.1
43.5
42.1
41.7
43.5
42.5
44.6
44.4
44.4
46.0
42.3
42.4
41.8
43.3
41.8
42.1
42.5
42.5
41.1

42.6

5.2
6.5
6.4
4.6
5.0
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.6
5.3
6.6
3.9
6.1
4.5
4.1
5.5
5.2
5.9
6.1
5.1
7.4
4.5
4.4
4.0
5.0
3.8
3.9
4.5
4.9
3.6

4.9
6.1
6.1
4.4
4.5
4.1
4.1
4.0
3.6
5.1
6.3
3.9
5.8
4.3
4.0
5.4
5.1
5.7
5.9
5.1
6.9
4.6
4.2
4.0
4.6
3.7
3.1
4.3
4.6
3.4

5.0
7.1
7.0
4.7
4.2
4.9
4.8
4.2
5.5
5.2
6.2
4.4
5.3
4.6
4.6
5.3
4.5
6.2
5.5
5.8
6.0
4.2
4.7
4.3
5.3
3.6
3.7
4.2
4.5
3.8

5.3
7.4
7.3
4.8
4.3
5.0
4.8
4.1
5.2
5.2
6.2
4.4
5.6
4.6
4.0
5.7
4.8
6.7
6.3
6.0
7.4
4.7
5.0
4.6
5.6
3.6
3.4
4.5
4.7
3.8

See footnotes at end of table.




Aug.
1996

Average overtime hours

94

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Stone, clay, and glass products
Flat glass
Glass and glassware, pressed or blown
Glass containers
Pressed and blown glass, nee
Products of purchased glass
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products
Concrete block and brick
Concrete products, nee
Ready-mixed concrete
Misc. nonmetallic mineral products
Abrasive products
Asbestos products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Blast furnaces and steel mills
Steel pipe and tubes
Iron and steel foundries
Gray and ductile iron foundries
Malleable iron foundries
Steel foundries, nee
Primary nonferrous metals
Primary aluminum
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Copper rolling and drawing
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating
Nonferrous foundries (castings)
Aluminum foundries

1987
SIC
Code

32
321
322
3221

3229
323
324
325
326
327
3271
3272
3273

329
3291
3292
33
331
3312
3317
332

3321
3322
3325
333
3334
335
3351
3353
3357
336
3365

34
Fabricated metal products
341
Metal cans and shipping containers
3411
Metal cans
342
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware
Hand and edge tools, and blades and handsaws ... 3423,5
3429
Hardware, nee
Plumbing and heating, except electric
343
Plumbing fixture fittings and trim
3432
3433
Heating equipment, except electric
Fabricated structural metal products
344
Fabricated structural metal
3441
Metal doors, sash, and trim
3442
Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)
3443
Sheet metal work
3444
Architectural metal work
3446
Screw machine products, bolts, etc
345
Screw machine products
3451
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers
3452
Metal forgings and stampings
346
Iron and steel forgings
3462
Automotive stampings
3465
Metal stampings, nee
3469
Metal services, nee
347
Plating and polishing
3471
Metal coating and allied services
3479
348
Ordnance and accessories, nee
3483
Ammunition, except for small arms, nee
349
Misc. fabricated metal products
3494
Valves and pipe fittings, nee
3496
Misc. fabricated wire products

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$12.54 $12.53 $12.91 $13.00 $12.95 $551.76 $548.81 $568.04 $575.90 $568.51
931.06
815.36 762.08 875.1
19.56
18.58
17.60
17.92
613.32 601.89 624.02 630.87
14.74
14.58
14.03
14.33
646.14 647.91 681.98 682.43
15.37
15.36
14.43
14.52
588.06 564.98 581.15 592.80
14.25
13.97
13.68
14.17
467.57 473.24 477.24 490.92
11.47
11.39
10.98
10.95
712.97 721.92 726.89 755.24
17.01
16.71
16.52
16.39
456.50 455.26 476.74 481.20
11.43
11.46
11.05
11.00
445.88 442.74 457.19 464.96
11.15
11.07
10.72
10.77
562.55 560.59 581.25 581.39
12.53
12.50
12.24
12.15
534.39 521.89 565.01 566.44
11.90
11.92
11.42
11.37
489.52 487.28 495.28 500.61
11.10
11.08
10.95
10.83
603.47 604.59 626.82 624.78
13.35
13.28
13.03
12.95
551.68 551.26 568.23 573.57
13.37
13.37
12.91
12.92
463.17 461.30 488.33 491.73
11.57
11.49
11.39
11.38
667.83 673.64 710.26 724.50
15.75
15.61
15.38
15.64
14.71
17.56
19.03
13.86
13.35
14.03
16.12
12.18
16.16
16.14
13.70
13.37
15.60
13.91
11.44
10.91

14.64
17.43
18.88
13.72
13.33
14.06
15.82
12.15
15.92
15.76
13.68
13.40
15.65
13.95
11.55
10.87

15.03
17.88
19.40
13.86
13.74
14.58
16.23
12.42
16.16
16.14
14.04
14.29
15.68
14.34
11.93
11.49

15.20
18.17
19.77
14.10
13.77
14.65
16.76
12.44
16.61
16.98
14.22
14.28
16.15
14.42
11.99
11.52

15.11
17.91

12.21
15.98
16.98
12.20
11.41
12.30
10.87
10.31
11.17
11.43
11.46
9.69
12.68
11.70
10.79
12.16
11.49
12.90
14.31
13.68
16.27
11.50
10.21
10.15
10.30
14.12
15.01
11.50
11.72
10.18

12.17
15.74
16.76
12.28
11.40
12.43
10.83
10.34
11.06
11.43
11.49
9.75
12.75
11.67
10.49
12.15
11.46
12.93
14.21
13.74
15.98
11.65
10.13
10.03
10.30
14.00
14.83
11.53
11.62
10.27

12.51
16.18
17.06
12.57
11.58
12.77
11.37
11.05
11.60
11.78
11.94
10.00
13.08
12.06
10.93
12.51
11.85
13.21
14.57
14.04
16.53
11.86
10.49
10.35
10.70
14.61
15.66
11.86
12.13
10.53

12.63
16.39
17.30
12.69
11.66
12.87
11.49
11.27
11.58
11.86
11.96
10.00
13.19
12.14
11.14
12.60
11.91
13.35
14.81
14.13
16.89
11.97
10.51
10.39
10.71
14.64
15.69
11.98
12.27
10.57

12.51

See footnotes at end of table.




Aug.
1996

Average weekly earnings

95

680.96
808.57
883.7;
623.2;

644.30
776.15
844.93
612.61
591.41
629.95
710.89
531.05
688.42
673.04
609.65
597.64
717.60
607.87
485.06
463.68

639.77
766.92
834.50
611.91
587.85
622.86
708.74
534.60
687.74
674.53
606.0!
594.96
716.77
605.43
487.41
461.98

662.82
786.72
857.48
595.98
618.30
666.31
779.04
531.58
688.42
690.79
628.99
638.76
710.30
633.83
511.80
491.77

720.87
728.44
648.43
668.30
767.13
644.57
521.57
504.58

523.81
685.54
730.14
522.16
492.91
520.29
458.71
439.21
470.26
490.35
506.53
403.10
560.46
491.40
448.86
526.53
490.62
568.89
635.36
595.08
748.42
488.75
419.63
412.09
432.60
591.63
634.92
489.90
503.96
421.45

518.44
661.08
708.95
523.13
487.92
523.30
454.86
442.55
455.67
484.63
499.82
401.70
554.63
487.81
436.38
526.10
491.63
566.33
629.50
593.57
731.88
495.13
419.38
411.23
432.60
588.00
619.89
484.26
492.69
420.04

532.93
700.59
742.11
539.25
494.47
546.56
480.95
468.52
491.84
500.65
518.20
422.00
562.44
504.11
457.97
539.18
497.70
586.52
630.88
605.12
735.59
489.82
438.48
428.49
454.75
601.93
663.98
498.12
515.53
428.57

543.09
711.33
754.28
546.94
499.05
553.41
486.03
468.83
499.10
506.42
520.26
421.00
573.77
511.09
464.54
548.10
506.18
595.41
657.56
627.37
776.94
506.33
445.62
434.30
463.74
611.95
660.55
509.15
521.48
434.43

670.88
797.00

636.17
694.41
784.37

529.94

532.93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee .
Electronic and other electrical equipment ..
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus .
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers ....
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment....
Household audio and video equipment.
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories .
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies ..
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Sept.
1996P

35
351
3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571

43.4
44.2
41.3
45.3
41.5
42.1
44.0
43.1
42.4
47.0
43.1
43.2
44.2
45.6
45.7
44.1
43.8
43.0
43.4
41.7
42.2
42.9
43.4
42.8
45.3
44.7
42.7
43.0
42.9
43.0
44.4

43.2
43.9
40.6
45.1
40.6
41.6
43.9
42.5
43.0
48.5
43.0
42.4
43.9
45.2
44.9
43.6
43.4
42.8
42.7
41.7
41.4
42.5
43.3
42.4
45.0
44.8
43.5
42.1
42.2
43.0
43.7

42.7
42.1
42.0
42.1
41.6
41.8
43.7
42.6
43.3
48.5
42.1
41.1
43.0
43.7
43.1
43.2
42.3
40.8
42.0
42.3
40.9
42.7
42.8
42.7
44.1
42.5
44.2
42.5
41.2
41.0
41.1

43.3
43.2
41.9
43.7
42.2
43.1
44.3
43.4
42.1
50.1
42.4
41.1
43.7
44.8
43.1
44.2
42.8
40.5
42.6
42.5
40.7
43.0
43.3
42.9
45.1
43.2
44.2
41.5
42.7
42.2
43.8

3575,8,9
358
3585
359
3592
3596,9

42.3
42.8
43.1
43.3
45.6
43.1

42.3
42.8
43.4
43.0
44.9
42.8

41.2
44.3
45.1
42.5
42.3
42.3

41.6
44.0
44.9
43.1
44.2
42.8

36
361
3612
3613
362
3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691
3694

42.2
41.5
41.3
41.6
41.5
41.8
40.4
41.3
43.3
38.0
41.5
41.3
45.3
40.1
41.5
40.4
41.5
41.3
43.9
48.2
42.3
40.6
42.1
42.4
43.2
47.1
42.3

42.2
41.3
40.8
41.9
41.2
41.2
40.7
41.6
42.5
38.0
42.5
41.4
45.6
40.0
42.0
40.6
41.8
41.8
44.3
48.6
42.2
40.0
41.8
42.7
43.4
46.3
42.6

41.5
41.1
40.9
41.3
41.7
42.2
40.2
42.4
40.7
47.3
41.4
41.6
42.4
41.2
41.8
39.8
40.8
40.8
42.4
43.4
40.6
39.1
39.8
40.9
42.9
43.9
43.3

41.9
41.5
40.8
42.1
41.3
41.9
40.0
42.4
39.5
46.0
43.1
42.4
44.0
41.9
42.8
40.6
41.4
41.3
42.9
44.0
41.1
39.3
40.3
41.2
43.3
43.8
44.1

See footnotes at end of table.




Aug.
1996

96

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

43.0

41.6

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

5.3
4.9
4.4
5.1
3.4
3.6
5.7
4.6
4.9
8.8
5.4
4.7
6.4
6.9
7.1
6.8
5.5
5.2
5.5
3.9
5.6
5.3
5.3
4.8
7.2
5.2
4.3
6.1
4.9
3.9
4.1

5.0
4.4
3.9
4.6
3.0
3.3
5.2
4.1
5.0
8.0
5.3
4.2
6.2
6.7
6.5
6.5
5.2
4.9
5.2
3.7
4.6
5.2
4.9
4.4
6.3
4.8
4.6
5.4
4.4
3.7
4.0

4.8
4.6
5.1
4.5
4.1
4.5
5.6
5.0
4.7
9.8
4.7
3.4
5.5
5.4
5.5
6.2
4.4
3.7
4.4
3.8
3.9
4.7
4.7
4.8
6.2
4.7
4.5
5.0
3.8
2.6
1.4

5.2
5.3
5.5
5.2
4.5
5.2
5.7
4.9
4.2
10.0
4.6
3.6
5.9
6.1
5.7
6.7
4.7
3.7
4.7
4.1
4.2
4.7
5.1
5.1
6.6
5.2
4.7
4.6
4.9
3.2
2.8

4.2
4.7
4.8
5.6
6.3
5.7

3.9
4.3
4.5
5.4
5.9
5.5

4.6
5.4
6.0
5.0
5.2
5.0

4.6
5.3
5.7
5.4
6.0
5.4

4.5
3.8
3.1
4.4
3.9
3.8
4.0
3.2
4.1
2.5
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.4
2.4
2.2
5.7
3.9
3.6
4.7
5.1
4.7
5.7
4.6
5.8
7.7
5.9

4.4
3.8
3.3
4.4
3.5
3.3
3.7
3.1
2.6
2.7
3.7
3.6
4.3
3.4
2.2
2.6
5.5
4.2
3.8
5.0
4.9
4.3
5.4
4.4
5.7
7.6
5.5

4.1
4.1
3.5
4.7
3.8
4.1
3.2
3.6
2.0
5.3
3.5
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.5
3.3
5.2
5.8
5.8

4.4
4.3
3.7
4.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.5
1.7
4.1
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.2
4.2
3.9
5.2
4.0
4.2
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.8
3.7
5.4
5.5
6.0

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Industrial machinery and equipment
Engines and turbines
Turbines and turbine generator sets
Internal combustion engines, nee
Farm and garden machinery
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and related machinery
Construction machinery
Mining machinery
Oil and gas field machinery
Conveyors and conveying equipment
Industrial trucks and tractors
Metalworking machinery
Machine tools, metal cutting types
Machine tools, metal forming types
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures
Machine tool accessories
Power driven handtools
Special industry machinery
Textile machinery
Printing trades machinery
Food products machinery
General industrial machinery
Pumps and pumping equipment
Ball and roller bearings
Air and gas compressors
Blowers and fans
Speed changers, drives, and gears
Power transmission equipment, nee
Computer and office equipment
Electronic computers
Computer terminals, calculators, and
office machines, nee
Refrigeration and service machinery
Refrigeration and heating equipment
Misc. industrial and commercial machinery
Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves
Scales, balances, and industrial machinery, nee
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electric distribution equipment
Transformers, except electronic
Switchgear and switchboard apparatus
Electrical industrial apparatus
Motors and generators
Relays and industrial controls
Household appliances
Household refrigerators and freezers
Household laundry equipment
Electric housewares and fans
Electric lighting and wiring equipment
Electric lamps
Current-carrying wiring devices
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices
Residential lighting fixtures
Household audio and video equipment
Household audio and video equipment
Communications equipment
Telephone and telegraph apparatus
Electronic components and accessories
Electron tubes
Semiconductors and related devices
Electronic components, nee
Misc. electrical equipment and supplies
Storage batteries
Engine electrical equipment

1987
SIC
Code

35
351

3511
3519
352
3523
353
3531
3532
3533
3535
3537
354
3541
3542
3544
3545
3546
355
3552
3555
3556
356

3561
3562
3563
3564
3566
3568
357
3571
3575,8,9
358
3585

359
3592
3596,9
36
361
3612
3613
362

3621
3625
363
3632
3633
3634
364
3641
3643
3644
3645

365
3651
366
3661
367
3671
3674
3679
369
3691

3694

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Sept.

Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$13.34 $13.33 $13.64 $13.77 $13.72 $578.96 $575.86 $582.43 $596.24 $589.96

ft
ft

ft
ft

ft
ft

ft
ft

13.54
12.16
12.39
12.92
14.00
12.65

13.60
12.16
12.42
12.94
14.05
12.65

13.56
12.40
12.64
13.15
14.09
12.92

13.44
12.53
12.79
13.30
14.26
13.04

11.78
11.56
10.74
12.43
11.21
10.49
12.76

11.76
11.59
10.86
12.35
11.19
10.45
12.73

12.26
12.04
11.33
12.76
11.54
10.88
12.68

12.33
12.23
11.41
13.03
11.67
11.00
12.96

ft
ft

ft
ft

ft
ft

ft
ft

$13.64 $13.60 $14.27 $13.95
9.76
9.28
9.73
9.21
12.45
11.73
12.49
11.69
14.70
12.60
14.95
12.45
12.47
11.81
12.44
11.67
11.41
10.72
11.32
10.70
8.90
8.50
8.88
8.53
10.34
11.00
10.33
11.04
10.53
11.39
10.43
11.43
13.13
11.93
13.30
12.01
14.41
12.99
14.60
13.14
12.04
11.62
12.11
11.63
13.78
13.32
13.86
13.35
15.49
14.77
15.53
14.66
10.07
10.16
9.80
9.84
13.53
13.59
13.37
13.51
14.71
14.91
14.86
14.66
13.98
13.93
13.92
14.21

97

ft
ft

ft

$715.29 $702.21 $669.81 $700.51
541.58 529.02 572.00 590.38
582.66 576.16 605.26 636.59
568.48 566.31 572.03 586.09
574.09 568.65 572.12 591.11
597.84 611.89 608.37 601.19
594.08 594.61 627.11 648.29
540.47 540.08 552.35 560.95
512.78 508.80 500.60 503.48
618.36 617.23 619.20 636.71
647.06 644.10 627.10 647.36
655.34 645.21 640.90 653.40
642.10 637.87 647.57 670.07
544.43 539.46 536.79 549.12
501.38 505.47 497.76 491.27
595.88 586.27 590.52 600.66
494.56 489.56 515.64 522.33
649.88 638.39 629.45 623.93
580.01 574.18 586.27 590.39
566.80 564.63 572.66 583.68
592.78 594.45 596.09 611.75
651.41 639.00 643.86 657.11
594.51 596.74 582.25 607.39
459.45 468.50 495.48 496.37
605.87 590.66 615.83 610.47
544.83 538.89 530.24 557.24
587.81 581.79 574.82 594.18
666.44 648.95 641.16 679.78

$15.79 $15.57 $15.91 $16.03
13.99
13.75
13.03
13.05
14.77
14.48
13.85
13.84
13.23
13.09
12.90
12.92
13.62
13.43
13.38
13.32
14.28
14.05
14.23
14.10
12.94
12.93
12.26
12.64
13.23
13.12
12.56
12.54
12.25
12.18
12.00
11.87
14.57
14.40
14.06
13.99
14.45
14.35
14.25
14.19
15.16
14.87
14.37
14.34
15.16
14.99
14.63
14.56
12.83
12.69
12.43
12.43
12.13
12.20
11.81
11.66
14.06 14.10
13.73
13.73
12.29
12.19
11.74
11.86
15.33
15.39
15.42
15.40
13.73
13.73
13.51
13.52
13.48
13.38
13.04
13.06
14.26
13.96
14.02
13.85
14.57
14.60
14.20
14.38
14.06
13.70
13.32
13.30
11.23
11.21
10.77
10.76
14.71
14.49
14.03
14.09
13.05
12.87
12.77
12.70
14.08
14.02
13.53
13.67
15.52
15.60
14.85
15.01

See footnotes at end of table.




Aug.
1996

Average weekly earnings

12.25

572.74
520.45
534.01
559.44
638.40
545.22

575.28
520.45
539.03
556.42
630.85
541.42

558.67
549.32
570.06
558.88
596.01
546.52

559.10
551.32
574.27
573.23
630.29
558.11

497.12
479.74
443.56
517.09
465.22
438.48
515.50

496.27
478.67
443.09
517.47
461.03
430.54
518.11

508.79
494.84
463.40
526.99
481.22
459.14
509.74

516.63
507.55
465.53
548.56
481.97
460.90
518.40

ft

ft
ft

$518.32 $516.80 $674.97 $641.70
382.22 394.40 404.06 419.36
482.80 485.62 517.92 529.58
563.99 574.56 623.28 657.80
467.97 472.40 513.76 521.24
444.05 450.24 476.94 484.50
344.61 345.10 354.22 360.53
458.16 459.80 421.87 427.66
472.06 476.10 429.62 430.76
527.24 528.50 556.71 570.57
633.35 631.31 625.39 642.40
491.95 490.36 488.82 497.72
542.01 532.80 538.80 544.70
617.19 617.39 616.50 625.86
417.22 418.46 411.86 418.59
583.63 580.26 580.44 588.45
690.49 688.02 645.77 653.06
601.08 592.99 605.33 614.31

509.60

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls oy detailed
industry—-Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft paris and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts...
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

43.8
44.8
45.5
41.7
44.9
41.3
41.6
41.2
44.9
39.8
42.2
43.4
40.1
43.7
43.1
44.0
39.8
38.7

44.3
45.5
45.9
42.4
46.0
41.1
43.2
41.7
44.2
44.4
42.3
44.1
39.5
44.6
43.4
44.1
38.3
37.6

45.1
46.3
46.9
42.8
46.7
40.8
44.3
43.6
45.2
44.5
42.2
43.7
39.9
45.7
43.8
44.7
38.5
37.9

44.1
45.0

3792

44.4
45.5
46.7
42.5
45.2
42.5
43.0
41.4
45.4
43.6
42.5
44.0
40.0
44.7
42.6
43.0
39.6
38.2

6.2
7.0
7.4
5.2
7.1
4.9
5.6
4.9
6.9
5.7
4.6
5.4
3.2
5.4
4.7
5.2
2.3
1.6

5.9
6.6
7.0
4.6
6.8
3.4
5.4
5.0
6.3
5.1
4.3
5.0
3.2
4.9
4.3
4.6
2.3
1.6

6.1
6.8
6.8
4.6
7.4
3.2
5.9
5.2
6.6
6.3
4.7
5.7
3.1
5.1
4.0
4.3
2.8
1.8

6.9
7.6
7.9
5.5
8.1
3.0
7.3
8.1
7.1
6.4
4.3
5.0
3.2
6.4
3.9
4.1
2.8
2.0

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3842
385
386
387

41.5
41.9
42.3
42.7
42.7
41.7
40.4
40.2
39.9
38.6
43.6
41.4

41.4
41.9
42.0
41.3
42.0
42.8
40.8
41.0
40.2
38.4
42.7
41.0

41.6
43.4
41.8
42.0
42.4
41.2
40.8
40.6
40.5
40.5
42.5
40.7

42.0
43.6
42.2
42.0
43.2
40.7
41.3
40.9
41.2
39.6
43.6
42.0

41.8

3.6
3.4
3.5
3.8
3.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
2.8
1.4
8.0
2.7

3.4
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.0
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
1.5
7.2
2.2

3.7
3.9
3.3
3.8
3.7
2.4
3.2
3.3
3.4
2.4
8.0
2.6

4.1
4.1
3.6
3.8
4.1
2.3
3.6
3.7
3.6
2.2
9.3
3.4

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391

40.3
39.0
38.4
42.5
40.3
40.1
40.4
40.2
39.7
39.6
40.6
41.7

40.3
40.2
39.7
42.5
40.2
40.1
40.2
40.2
38.1
37.4
40.6
41.4

39.9
39.4
38.6
41.1
39.7
39.3
40.0
40.3
39.8
39.0
39.9
40.8

40.4
40.2
39.6
40.0
40.1
38.7
40.9
41.1
42.1
43.0
40.3
41.3

39.9

3.4
2.9
2.9
4.1
3.5
3.7
3.4
2.6
2.5
2.3
3.8
4.3

3.5
4.1
4.1
4.3
3.1
3.0
3.2
2.8
1.9
1.4
4.0
4.4

3.2
2.9
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.5
3.0
3.1
2.7
1.9
3.7
4.3

3.6
3.4
3.3
3.1
3.0
2.5
3.2
3.3
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.6

40.9

40.6

40.9

41.3

40.9

4.5

4.2

4.4

4.7

42.1
41.8
45.2
42.6
39.7
42.6
42.1
42.8
42.0
43.6
43.5
39.9
46.1
46.7
44.0

41.4
40.9
43.8
41.4
39.2
41.4
41.3
41.3
41.1
40.8
40.8
41.8
45.4
45.8
43.6

41.5
40.6
42.3
41.9
39.1
41.7
41.2
42.0
41.9
43.1
43.8
37.9
45.3
46.2
43.9

42.2
41.2
43.4
42.3
39.5
42.1
41.5
42.9
43.5
47.0
45.6
41.6
47.1
47.5
45.4

41.7

5.8
5.4
6.9
6.2
4.3
5.5
5.6
5.3
6.6
5.9
8.4
4.7
8.3
8.3
7.2

5.1
4.7
5.8
5.6
3.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
5.2
5.7
5.5
5.5
7.7
7.9
6.7

5.3
4.3
4.9
5.5
3.6
5.1
4.9
4.9
6.5
5.9
8.5
4.2
7.2
7.5
6.4

5.8
4.9
5.9
5.7
4.0
5.3
5.2
5.5
7.4
10.5
9.3
5.2
8.2
9.1
7.4

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376

3761
379

3911

393
394
3942,4
3949
395
396
3961

399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

20
201
2011
2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

See footnotes at end of table.




98

Oct.
1996P

4.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Durable goods—Continued
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Motor vehicles and car bodies
Truck and bus bodies
Motor vehicle parts and accessories
Truck trailers
Aircraft and parts
Aircraft
Aircraft engines and engine parts
Aircraft parts and equipment, nee
Ship and boat building and repairing
Ship building and repairing
Boat building and repairing
Railroad equipment
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles
Misc. transportation equipment
Travel trailers and campers

1987
SIC
Code

37
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
372
3721
3724
3728
373
3731
3732
374
376
3761
379

3792

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

()

12.81
16.44
12.62
11.39
12.09
14.32
11.71
11.28
10.89

12.77
16.43
12.68
11.35
12.23
14.44
11.60
11.16
10.80

9.54
15.63

9.57
15.53

8.80

Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware
Jewelry, precious metal
Musical instruments
Toys and sporting goods
Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles
Sporting and athletic goods, nee
Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies
Costume jewelry and notions
Costume jewelry
Miscellaneous manufactures
Signs and advertising specialties

39
391

10.12

3911

10.23
10.51
9.61

3949

9.03

11.65

20
201
2011

9.66
10.52

396
3961
399
3993

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Meat products
Meat packing plants
Sausages and other prepared meats
Poultry slaughtering and processing
Dairy products
Cheese, natural and processed
Fluid milk
Preserved fruits and vegetables
Canned specialties
Canned fruits and vegetables
Frozen fruits and vegetables
Grain mill products
Flour and other grain mill products
Prepared feeds, nee

10.24

9.90
10.97
8.56
7.35
10.53
10.97

395

2013
2015
202
2022
2026
203
2032
2033
2037
204
2041
2048

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.

Oct.
1996P

P)3

0

3

()
()
0
$706.32 $612.92 $729.05 $731.58
539.33 538.89 548.21 539.74
616.00 614.98 632.84 617.92
408.40 408.62 417.12 419.35
676.76 647.63 740.81 780.56
764.24 772.78 812.01 822.13
$441.14 $442.18 $437.00 $438.52
431.66 433.83 425.26 431.30

13.27
16.82
13.17
11.93
12.71
15.03
12.20
11.68
11.22
10.20
16.06
9.59

13.23

531.62
688.84
533.83
486.35
516.24
597.14
473.08
453.46
434.51
368.24
681.47
364.32

528.68
688.42
532.56
468.76
513.66
618.03
473.28
457.56
434.16
367.49
663.13
362.44

548.29
724.35
548.83
500.64
538.90
612.64
493.68
466.90
453.20
406.62
673.20
389.50

557.34
733.35
555.77
501.06
549.07
611.72
503.86
477.71
462.26
403.92
700.22
402.78

553.01

8.84

13.18
16.69
13.13
11.92
12.71
14.87
12.10
11.50
11.19
10.04
15.84
9.57

10.14
10.35

10.39
10.86

10.52

10.54

10.89
10.57
9.83
9.31
10.11
10.77
8.82

408.64
416.07
412.48
445.40
383.91
365.71
392.75
442.20
329.57
279.75
428.33
461.20

414.56
427.88
420.35
434.43
390.25
365.88
404.40
434.03
351.04
292.11
431.32
462.67

425.01
436.17
433.62
432.40
404.21
363.78
427.00
447.99
371.32
330.67
440.48
478.67

420.55

10.39
10.48

407.84
399.36
392.83
446.68
387.28
362.10
399.96
440.99
339.83
291.06
427.52
457.45

9.55
9.12
9.77
11.00
8.65

10.85
10.95
10.81
10.08

9.40
10.44
10.90
8.82

7.48

7.49

10.55
11.14

10.81
11.34

7.69
10.93
11.59

11.67

11.96

12.02

12.03

476.49

473.80

489.16

496.43

492.03

10.97

10.92

461.84
379.54
436.63
448.15
324.75
532.50
481.62
562.82
438.06
591.22
464.15
383.44
632.49
567.41
485.32

452.09
368.51
421.36
434.29
317.52
514.19
462.15
542.68
422.10
563.86
429.22
396.68
619.26
554.64
480.47

463.97
370.68
414.12
436.18
322.18
537.93
479.57
569.10
447.07
591.76
488.37
376.35
628.76
557.17
486.85

473.06
379.86
432.26
444.15
327.06
546.46
488.87
587.30
458.49
658.00
485.64
418.08
661.76
588.05
506.66

467.46

9.01
9.62
10.49
8.10

11.21
9.22
9.96
10.50
8.28
12.98
11.78
13.69
10.54
14.00
10.65
10.05
14.05
12.38
11.16

11.21

9.08

11.18
9.13

8.18
12.50
11.44
13.15

10.43
13.56
10.67
9.61
13.72
12.15
11.03

12.42
11.19
13.14
10.27
13.82

10.52
9.49
13.64
12.11
11.02

See footnotes at end of table.




Oct.
1996P

0
()
()
$16.20 $15.40 $16.42 $16.44
12.79
12.77
12.96
12.69
14.14
14.17
14.35
14.00
10.51
10.19
10.56
10.21
14.82
17.08
16.61
15.14
17.93
18.71
18.77
17.94
(3)
(3)
(3)
$11.14 $11.11 $11.41 $11.39
11.38
11.21
11.31
11.30

38
381
382
3822
3823
3825
384
3841
3642
385
386
387

3942,4

Sept.
1996P

$16.96 $16.75 $17.31 $17.50 $17.31 $753.02 $733.65 $766.83 $789.25 $763.37
17.82 799.89 784.45 813.09 839.42 801.90
17.87
17.51
17.58
18.13
20.67 20.65
965.29 939.58 967.57 1,002.72
21.08
21.38
14.44
14.70
624.75 602.15 619.46 650.99
14.61
15.21
16.32
16.42
742.18 732.77 763.60 784.09
16.60
16.79
10.72
10.65
452.63 442.74 446.35 446.76
10.86
10.95

Instruments and related products
Search and navigation equipment
Measuring and controlling devices
Environmental controls
Process control instruments
Instruments to measure electricity
Medical instruments and supplies
Surgical and medical instruments
Surgical appliances and supplies
Ophthalmic goods
Photographic equipment and supplies
Watches, clocks, watchcases, and parts

393
394

Aug.
1996

Average weekly earnings

99

9.79
10.41
8.24
12.90
11.64

13.55
10.67

13.73
11.15

9.93
13.88
12.06
11.09

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

205
2051

40.7
40.5

40.1
39.7

40.5
40.4

40.9
40.5

4.9
5.1

4.7
4.7

5.1
5.4

5.4
5.5

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

41.1
40.8
44.1
46.0
40.3
39.8
44.5
43.0
46.8
41.8
41.0

40.8
41.8
44.9
50.2
43.7
40.1
45.0
42.5
46.1
40.4
40.0

40.7
40.2
44.1
47.0
43.8
38.8
44.8
42.7
46.6
41.5
40.8

41.7
41.1
43.1
50.0
40.9
39.6
45.5
42.8
45.3
41.6
41.1

4.6
4.7
6.4
9.7
5.6
4.1
7.4
5.6
7.6
4.8
5.5

4.6
5.5
9.6
13.0
8.3
4.0
7.2
5.0
6.9
3.7
4.5

4.5
3.9
6.2
11.5
4.4
3.2
7.0
5.5
7.3
5.3
5.3

5.3
4.6
6.0
14.8
4.5
3.8
7.3
5.5
6.8
4.7
5.7

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

40.0
39.4

40.4
40.1

40.1
41.7

42.1
42.0

41.0

3.8
4.8

5.2
7.0

5.6
7.2

5.6
7.0

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

41.1
42.6
40.7
39.2
40.5
40.0
40.5
37.7
40.5
37.4
42.1
41.8
43.1
40.0
42.8
40.9
41.3
38.6
41.8

40.6
42.3
40.5
38.4
39.6
39.6
41.6
38.1
39.7
36.9
40.4
41.2
42.4
39.5
41.8
40.3
41.0
37.9
41.7

41.3
43.4
41.1
38.8
39.8
39.8
40.0
37.9
40.6
37.2
40.9
42.6
43.5
41.3
43.0
41.6
42.1
38.4
41.1

41.4
42.9
41.1
41.1
40.0
40.0
40.5
37.8
41.0
38.4
40.9
42.8
43.9
41.4
43.2
41.4
41.9
38.8
41.5

41.0

4.4
6.5
4.3
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.4
2.8
3.4
2.0
4.5
4.9
5.5
4.1
5.4
4.1
4.4
3.4
4.3

4.2
5.9
4.3
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.6
2.8
3.2
1.7
4.3
4.5
5.0
3.9
4.8
4.0
4.4
2.9
4.3

4.6
6.7
4.7
4.2
3.0
3.6
3.5
2.8
3.4
2.6
5.1
5.3
5.4
4.7
5.7
4.6
4.9
3.3
4.2

4.7
6.2
4.5
5.2
3.2
3.8
3.9
2.9
3.7
3.0
5.4
5.6
5.9
4.7
5.9
4.5
4.8
3.5
4.4

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

37.2
36.5
36.3
35.4
36.1
37.1
35.9
35.5
35.2
35.1
36.3
37.8
37.5
38.9
37.5
37.4
37.2
39.7
38.9
40.1
40.7

36.9
36.2
36.2
34.7
36.3
36.7
35.5
35.2
35.5
34.1
35.7
37.0
36.9
37.5
37.0
36.1
37.7
39.3
37.9
39.3
40.2

37.7
36.9
37.3
36.2
36.6
37.7
36.2
35.3
38.0
36.2
35.9
37.6
37.4
38.5
37.0
36.6
38.4
40.1
37.8
40.5
41.0

37.5
37.2
36.9
36.1
36.4
37.0
36.0
36.0
37.7
35.6
35.6
37.2
36.8
38.6
37.2
37.0
37.9
40.2
37.3
41.1
41.0

37.4

2.0
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.7
1.1
1.8
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.6
2.1
2.3
2.5
1.5
3.4
2.3
4.1
3.7

1.9
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.7
3.1
1.5
3.4
3.1

2.2
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.2
2.2
1.7
2.2
2.0
2.7
2.3
1.9
1.8
3.6
1.9
3.9
4.3

2.2
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.7
1.6
2.1
1.9
1.5
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.2
1.5
3.9
1.6
4.5
4.4

Paper and allied products
Paper mills

26
262
263

43.4
45.8
45.3

43.1
45.0
45.0

43.4
44.5
44.6

44.0
46.0
44.3

43.8

5.7
6.8
7.7

5.5
6.6
7.7

5.8
6.3
7.4

6.1
7.0
7.3

Paperboard mills
See footnotes at end of table.




100

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Food and kindred products—Continued
Bakery products
Bread, cake, and related products
Cookies, crackers, and frozen bakery products,
except bread
Sugar and confectionery products
Raw cane sugar
Cane sugar refining
Beet sugar
Candy and other confectionery products
Fats and oils
Beverages
Malt beverages
Bottled and canned soft drinks
Misc. food and kindred products

1987
SIC
Code

205
2051

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.

1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$483.52 $475.99 $492.48 $497.75
486.41 476.40 497.73 500.18

$11.88 $11.87 $12.16 $12.17
12.00 12.32 12.35
12.01

2052,3
206
2061
2062
2063
2064
207
208
2082
2086
209

11.63
11.86
11.27
16.61
13.54
10.67
11.76
15.53
21.07
12.55
9.97

11.64
11.56
10.46
16.82
11.65
10.62
11.55
15.55
21.17
12.66
10.06

11.88
12.35
11.63
17.66
14.41
11.16
12.13
15.64
21.26
12.94
10.07

11.88
12.25
11.73
18.22
14.02
10.99
12.08
15.66
21.34
12.95
10.12

477.99
483.89
497.01
764.06
545.66
424.67
523.32
667.79
986.08
524.59
408.77

474.91
483.21
469.65
844.36
509.11
425.86
519.75
660.88
975.94
511.46
402.40

Tobacco products
Cigarettes

21
211

17.68
23.97

18.19
24.66

20.44
25.34

18.74 $18.34
25.00

707.20
944.42

734.88 819.64 788.95 $751.94
988.87 1,056.68 1,050.00

Textile mill products
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool
Narrow fabric mills
Knitting mills
Women's hosiery, except socks
Hosiery, nee
Knit outerwear mills
Knit underwear mills
Weft knit fabric mills
Textile finishing, except wool
Finishing plants, cotton
Finishing plants, synthetics
Carpets and rugs
Yarn and thread mills
Yarn spinning mills
Throwing and winding mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

22
221
222
223
224
225
2251
2252
2253
2254'
2257
226
2261
2262
227
228
2281
2282
229

9.50
10.01
10.45
9.79
8.75
8.73
8.20
8.37
8.17
8.89
9.78
9.61
9.40
9.98
9.52
9.30
9.26
9.58
10.81

9.48
9.96
10.46
9.85
8.80
8.70
8.16
8.40
8.17
8.82
9.72
9.60
9.36
9.99
9.44
9.30
9.26
9.56
10.76

9.71
10.09
10.68
9.98
9.10

9.77
10.18

9.72

8.92
8.32
8.87
8.35

9.82
9.92
9.86
10.29
9.82
9.45
9.44
9.66
11.04

9.80
11.04

401.02
437.91
438.95
387.22
362.18
354.22
334.80
333.14
335.36
329.59
401.64
422.59
428.91
424.98
422.26
393.12
397.42
370.94
453.74

404.48
436.72
440.18
426.62
364.80
356.80
336.96
335.29
342.35
345.60
399.18
428.00
433.73
433.46
427.25
394.54
397.63
380.24
458.16

398.52

8.90
8.37

390.45 384.89
426.43 421.31
425.32 423.63
383.77 378.24
354.38 348.48
349.20 344.52
332.10 339.46
315.55 320.04
330.89 324.35
332.49 325.46
411.74 392.69
401.70 395.52
405.14 396.86
399.20 394.61
407.46 394.59
380.37 374.79
382.44 379.66
369.79 362.32
451.86 448.69

Apparel and other textile products
Men's and boys' suits and coats
Men's and boys' furnishings
Men's and boys' shirts
Men's and boys' trousers and slacks
Men's and boys' work clothing
Women's and misses' outerwear
Women's and misses' blouses and shirts
Women's, juniors', and misses' dresses
Women's and misses' suits and coats
Women's and misses' outerwear, nee
Women's and children's undergarments
Women's and children's underwear
Brassieres, girdles, and allied garments
Girls' and children's outerwear
Girls' and children's dresses and blouses
Misc. apparel and accessories
Misc. fabricated textile products
Curtains and draperies
House furnishings, nee
Automotive and apparel trimmings

23
231
232
2321
2325
2326
233
2331
2335
2337
2339
234
2341
2342
236
2361
238
239
2391
2392
2396

7.71
8.11
7.20
7.10
7.18
7.16
7.37
6.58
8.09
8.05
7.21
7.35
7.13
8.13
6.93
6.68
7.23
8.88
7.58
8.18
11.23

7.73
8.19
7.21
7.14
7.06
7.22
7.38
6.50
8.08
8.12
7.23
7.32
7.16
7.87
6.91
6.72
7.27
8.88
7.47
8.16
11.24

7.93
8.20
7.39
7.25
7.42
7.42
7.49
6.56
8.39
7.96
7.29
7.52
7.39
7.97
7.06
6.95
7.35
9.19
7.41
8.39
11.93

8.00
8.21
7.43
7.37
7.49
7.35
7.52
6.62
8.39
7.95
7.34
7.57
7.45
7.96
7.11
7.03
7.42
9.31
7.42
8.49
12.00

8.04

286.81
296.02
261.36
251.34
259.20
265.64
264.58
233.59
284.77
282.56
261.72
277.83
267.38
316.26
259.88
249.83
268.96
352.54
294.86
328.02
457.06

285.24
296.48
261.00
247.76
256.28
264.97
261.99
228.80
286.84
276.89
258.11
270.84
264.20
295.13
255.67
242.59
274.08
348.98
283.11
320.69
451.85

298.96
302.58
275.65
262.45
271.57
279.73
271.14
231.57
318.82
288.15
261.71
282.75
276.39
306.85
261.22
254.37
282.24
368.52
280.10
339.80
489.13

300.00
305.41
274.17
266.06
272.64
271.95
270.72
238.32
316.30
283.02
261.30
281.60
274.16
307.26
264.49
260.11
281.22
374.26
276.77
348.94
492.00

300.70

Paper and allied products
Paper mills

26
262
263

14.33
18.02
18.03

14.31
18.12
18.02

14.70
18.53
18.43

14.74
18.64
18.68

14.72

621.92
825.32
816.76

616.76
815.40
810.90

637.98
824.59
821.98

648.56
857.44
827.52

644.74

Paperboard mills
See footnotes at end of table.




101

8.79
8.26
8.86

10.71

10.38
9.12

9.00
9.76
10.00
9.88
10.47
9.89
9.53

9.49

483.52
496.47
512.88
830.02
631.16
433.01
543.42
667.83
990.72
537.01
410.86

495.40
503.48
505.56
911.00
573.42
435.20
549.64
670.25
966.70
538.72
415.93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
Industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

5.5
6.1
4.5
5.4
4.4
3.7
5.4
3.9

5.3
5.7
3.9
5.5
4.3
3.6
4.9
3.5

6.1
6.4
5.4
6.4
4.7
4.3
5.3
4.5

6.3
6.7
4.8
7.0
5.0
4.5
5.4
4.7

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

43.3
44.2
40.6
42.9
41.4
41.8
41.8
41.5

43.2
44.0
40.2
43.2
41.1
41.5
41.8
41.0

43.8
44.1
42.9
43.9
42.0
43.5
42.2
41.9

44.3
44.7
42.8
44.8
42.2
43.9
42.0
41.9

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752

38.6
32.8
38.9
40.4
38.4
42.6
36.4
40.4
40.4
40.3
41.7
39.5
39.4

38.3
32.8
37.9
39.1
37.3
41.0
35.8
40.1
39.9
40.5
42.2
39.0
38.9

38.6
33.1
36.8
40.4
37.9
43.1
35.9
40.2
39.8
40.1
41.1
40.1
39.1

38.8
33.2
37.6
40.0
37.5
42.6
35.1
40.7
40.4
40.5
41.9
40.3
39.0

38.5

3.7
1.4
4.2
3.7
2.0
5.5
2.1
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.3
3.1
4.2

3.3
1.3
3.5
2.9
1.6
4.3
1.7
4.2
4.0
4.4
4.0
2.6
3.6

3.4
1.3
3.5
3.8
1.9
5.9
1.8
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.1
4.2

3.7
1.4
3.8
3.7
1.8
5.6
2.3
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.4
3.5
4.0

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286

43.2
45.2
45.6
43.9
44.4
45.5
41.7
41.4
40.9
41.1
40.1
41.1
42.4
45.0
45.1
44.9
46.1
43.5

42.9
45.6
45.9
44.3
44.5
45.8
41.3
41.6
40.6
42.0
40.6
39.9
42.4
44.3
45.4
44.0
44.1
43.3

43.3
46.8
46.9
44.3
45.2
44.9
41.6
41.8
41.5
42.6
40.6
41.4
42.5
44.1
45.2
43.8
45.0
43.2

43.0

287
289

43.2
45.5
45.4
43.6
44.7
44.5
41.7
41.6
41.5
44.1
39.8
41.1
42.9
44.4
43.6
44.6
45.1
44.0

5.0
5.6
5.9
6.1
6.6
5.7
4.1
4.0
3.8
5.0
3.4
3.3
3.9
5.9
5.6
5.9
6.6
5.1

5.1
5.8
6.1
6.1
6.7
5.7
4.0
3.8
3.6
4.1
3.3
3.5
3.6
6.5
7.2
6.3
7.2
4.9

4.9
5.6
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.9
4.2
4.1
3.6
4.4
3.2
3.4
4.4
6.0
6.3
5.9
5.4
5.1

5.2
6.1
6.3
5.9
5.7
5.7
4.5
4.4
4.2
5.0
3.7
4.0
4.6
6.0
6.5
5.8
6.2
5.2

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

43.8
42.9
47.0

44.3
43.8
46.5

43.9
42.8
47.2

44.3
43.7
46.5

44.1

6.5
5.3
10.4

6.8
6.0
9.9

6.8
5.4
11.4

6.4
4.8
11.2

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052

41.8
43.8
39.1
41.6
42.7
41.4
41.7

41.5
44.4
38.3
41.4
43.1
40.8
41.4

41.6
43.4
39.8
41.9
43.4
42.3
41.3

42.0
43.7
39.8
43.0
43.8
42.9
41.7

41.5

4.4
5.9
1.7
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.4

4.3
6.7
1.5
4.0
4.6
3.6
4.1

4.4
5.5
4.3
4.8
4.3
4.3

4.7
5.7
.2
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.6

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314

38.6
42.8
37.8
37.7
38.5
38.5
37.6

38.2
41.1
37.0
37.3
38.0
39.6
39.8

39.0
44.8
37.8
37.2
39.6
38.6
38.2

39.2
45.0
37.5
36.4
39.0
41.2
38.5

39.4

2.3
5.8
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.4
2.5

2.2
4.9
1.3
1.0
1.6
2.4
3.5

2.1
6.7
1.4
1.4
1.2
2.3
1.8

2.3
6.8
1.6
1.3
1.3
3.2
1.7

32.7

32.8

33.1

33.0

32.7

39.7

39.7

40.1

40.4

40.0

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities

2759
276
278

279

2865
2869

306
308

3143
3144

316
317

See footnotes at end of table.




102

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Nondurable goods—Continued
Paper and allied products-—Continued
Paperboard containers and boxes
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes
Sanitary food containers
Folding paperboard boxes
Misc. converted paper products
Paper, coated and laminated, nee
Bags: plastics, laminated, and coated
Envelopes

1987
SIC
Code

265
2653
2656
2657
267
2672
2673
2677

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$526.96 $520.56 $548.81 $553.31
539.68 528.00 552.13 559.64
500.19 488.83 539.25 526.01
550.41 555.12 581.68 589.57
515.84 511.28 538.02 541.85
604.01 601.75 647.28 651.92
482.37 478.19 491.63 490.14
484.72 478.06 498.61 499.87

$12.17 $12.05 $12.53 $12.49
12.52
12.21
12.52
12.00
12.29
12.32
12.57
12.16
13.16
12.83
13.25
12.85
12.84
12.46
12.81
12.44
14.85
14.45
14.88
14.50
11.67
11.54
11.65
11.44
11.93
11.68
11.90
11.66

Printing and publishing
Newspapers
Periodicals
Books
Book publishing
Book printing
Miscellaneous publishing
Commercial printing
Commercial printing, lithographic
Commercial printing, nee
Manifold business forms
Blankbooks and bookbinding
Printing trade services

27
271
272
273
2731
2732
274
275
2752
2759
276
278
279

12.50
12.27
13.40
11.82
11.45
12.17
11.86
12.73
12.79
12.47
13.14
9.78
15.29

12.43
12.29
13.24
11.87
11.53
12.20
11.89
12.64
12.73
12.35
13.26
9.67
15.17

12.69
12.50
13.95
12.10
11.44
12.74
12.29
12.90
13.13
12.27
13.58
9.91
15.68

12.82 $12.82
12.64
14.06
12.32
11.75
12.86
12.18
13.03
13.30
12.35
13.63
10.16
15.71

482.50
402.46
521.26
477.53
439.68
518.44
431.70
514.29
516.72
502.54
547.94
386.31
602.43

476.07
403.11
501.80
464.12
430.07
500.20
425.66
506.86
507.93
500.18
559.57
377.13
590.11

489.83
413.75
513.36
488.84
433.58
549.09
441.21
518.58
522.57
492.03
558.14
397.39
613.09

497.42 $493.57
419.65
528.66
492.80
440.63
547.84
427.52
530.32
537.32
500.18
571.10
409.45
612.69

Chemicals and allied products
Industrial inorganic chemicals
Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee
Plastics materials and synthetics
Plastics materials and resins
Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
Pharmaceutical preparations
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods
Soap and other detergents
Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations
Toilet preparations
Paints and allied products
Industrial organic chemicals
Cyclic crudes and intermediates
Industrial organic chemicals, nee
Agricultural chemicals
Miscellaneous chemical products

28
281
2819
282
2821
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2842,3
2844
285
286
2865
2869
287
289

15.72
17.53
17.92
16.37
18.17
14.06
15.22
15.04
12.65
15.98
12.06
11.19
13.12
19.26
19.00
19.43
16.18
14.55

15.81
17.67
17.94
16.44
18.26
14.41
15.16
14.94
12.72
16.03
12.12
11.32
13.26
19.55
19.29
19.72
16.23
14.51

16.25
18.19
18.67
17.09
18.61
15.00
15.99
15.81
12.91
16.20
12.27
11.51
13.48
19.58
19.70
19.68
16.19
14.91

16.29
18.10
18.46
17.19
18.72
14.82
16.00
15.85
12.82
16.66
12.42
11.10
13.52
19.75
19.41
19.97
16.54
14.93

16.38

679.10
797.62
813.57
713.73
812.20
625.67
634.67
625.66
524.98
704.72
479.99
459.91
562.85
855.14
828.40
866.58
729.72
640.20

682.99
798.68
818.06
721.72
810.74
655.66
632.17
618.52
520.25
658.83
486.01
465.25
562.22
879.75
869.98
885.43
748.20
631.19

697.13
829.46
856.95
757.09
828.15
687.00
660.39
657.70
524.15
680.40
498.16
459.25
571.55
867.39
894.38
865.92
713.98
645.60

705.36
847.08
865.77
761.52
846.14
665.42
665.60
662.53
532.03
709.72
504.25
459.54
574.60
870.98
877.33
874.69
744.30
644.98

704.34

Petroleum and coal products
Petroleum refining
Asphalt paving and roofing materials

29
291
295

19.40
21.46
15.19

19.68
21.80
15.36

18.96
21.09
14.98

19.31
21.47
15.17

19.42

849.72
920.63
713.93

871.82
954.84
714.24

832.34
902.65
707.06

855.43
938.24
705.41

856.42

Rubber and misc. plastics products
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber and plastics footwear
Hose, belting, gaskets, and packing
Rubber and plastics hose and belting
Fabricated rubber products, nee
Miscellaneous plastics products, nee

30
301
302
305
3052
306
308

10.99
17.72
8.57
11.15
11.39
10.63
10.32

11.01
18.04
8.67
11.14
11.34
10.55
10.31

11.23
17.96
9.24
11.50
11.62
10.74
10.57

11.30
17.97
9.27
11.53
11.66
10.81
10.66

11.26

459.38
776.14
335.09
463.84
486.35
440.08
430.34

456.92
800.98
332.06
461.20
488.75
430.44
426.83

467.17
779.46
367.75
481.85
504.31
454.30
436.54

474.60
785.29
368.95
495.79
510.71
463.75
444.52

467.29

Leather and leather products
Leather tanning and finishing
Footwear, except rubber
Men's footwear, except athletic
Women's footwear, except athletic
Luggage
Handbags and personal leather goods

31
311
314
3143
3144
316
317

8.24
11.32
7.73
8.26
7.18
8.33
7.49

8.23
11.21
7.79
8.26
7.15
8.06
7.41

8.63
11.78
8.08
8.93
7.07
8.69
7.54

8.71
11.85
8.20
9.09
7.21
8.51
7.54

8.70

318.06
484.50
292.19
311.40
276.43
320.71
281.62

314.39
460.73
288.23
308.10
271.70
319.18
294.92

336.57
527.74
305.42
332.20
279.97
335.43
288.03

341.43
533.25
307.50
330.88
281.19
350.61
290.29

342.78

10.96

11.04

11.16

11.38 $11.38

358.39

362.11

369.40

375.54 $372.13

14.35

14.46

14.55

14.62

569.70

574.06

583.46

590.65

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
See footnotes at end of table.




103

14.60

584.00

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
Industry—-Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak4

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

4011

46.3

46.8

48.2

49.0

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411

413

33.4
38.5
36.9

33.7
38.7
38.5

35.4
38.9
38.4

34.8
39.2
38.3

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

39.5
39.4
41.0

39.5
39.4
40.6

39.5
39.6
38.9

39.6
39.5
39.7

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

37.1

38.1

37.8

37.4

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

44.5

44.5

44.5

45.9

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

37.6
36.4
36.3
39.0

38.7
37.6
37.6
40.2

37.8
36.8
36.4
39.2

38.8
38.0
37.6
40.0

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

40.1
41.7
41.9
34.9
39.8

40.2
41.8
41.9
35.4
39.4

41.0
42.9
43.5
35.2
39.9

41.5
43.3
43.7
35.9
40.4

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

42.4
42.4
42.5
42.6
42.8

42.8
43.0
43.1
42.6
42.9

41.9
41.7
42.3
41.7
42.6

42.5
42.7
42.9
42.1
42.7

38.3

38.5

38.4

38.6

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
,
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment..
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

38.9
38.1
37.7
40.4
38.8
37.7
41.1
38.8
38.7
39.3
38.1

39.2
38.2
37.6
40.6
39.4
38.3
41.4
39.1
38.9
39.5
38.2

39.1
38.1
37.7
40.6
39.2
39.2
41.5
39.1
39.0
39.3
38.2

39.4
38.2
37.5
41.0
39.8
39.4
41.5
39.6
39.4
39.6
38.1

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51

37.5
36.6
37.0
37.3
38.5
35.4
39.8
37.5
37.2
36.2

37.6
36.7
37.0
37.5
38.4
37.1
39.9
37.8
37.2
36.7

37.4
36.8
35.9
37.3
38.4
35.3
40.1
37.4
37.7
36.4

37.5
36.0
36.4
37.7
38.4
35.7
40.7
37.8
37.7
36.4

28.9

28.8

29.5

29.1

35.8
37.5
36.8
32.2
32.0

35.7
37.1
37.0
32.3
32.3

35.6
37.1
36.8
32.4
32.0

35.2
36.8
36.3
31.6
31.2

511

512
513

514
515
516
517
518
519

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




104

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

38.3

28.8

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
Industry—Continued

Industry

Transportation and public utilities—Continued
Railroad transportation:
Class I railroads plus Amtrak4

1987
SIC
Code

4011

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1996P

$17.52 $17.65 $17.84 $17.69

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$811.18 $826.02 $859.89 $866.81

Local and interurban passenger transit
Local and suburban transportation
Intercity and rural bus transportation

41
411
413

10.60
11.29
12.33

10.55
11.27
12.04

10.92
11.43
13.29

10.74
11.44
13.38

354.04
434.67
454.98

355.54
436.15
463.54

386.57
444.63
510.34

373.75
448.45
512.45

Trucking and warehousing
Trucking and courier services, except air
Public warehousing and storage

42
421
422

13.05
13.26
10.44

13.02
13.24
10.32

13.10
13.29
10.68

13.20
13.39
10.78

515.48
522.44
428.04

514.29
521.66
418.99

517.45
526.28
415.45

522.72
528.91
427.97

Water transportation:
Water transportation services

449

18.57

18.44

17.72

18.63

688.95

702.56

669.82

696.76

Pipelines, except natural gas

46

20.31

20.26

20.01

20.54

903.80

901.57

890.45

942.79

Transportation services
Passenger transportation arrangement
Travel agencies
Freight transportation arrangement

47
472
4724
473

12.52
12.39
12.71
13.13

12.67
12.58
12.93
13.26

12.84
12.83
13.17
13.31

12.77
12.70
12.99
13.29

470.75
451.00
461.37
512.07

490.33
473.01
486.17
533.05

485.35
472.14
479.39
521.75

495.48
482.60
488.42
531.60

Communications
Telephone communications
Telephone communications, except radio
Radio and television broadcasting
Cable and other pay television services

48
481
4813
483
484

15.64
16.30
16.62
15.32
12.21

15.90
16.65
17.02
15.41
12.22

16.12
16.81
17.19
15.84
12.66

16.24
16.90
17.32
16.07
12.78

627.16
679.71
696.38
534.67
485.96

639.18
695.97
713.14
545.51
481.47

660.92
721.15
747.77
557.57
505.13

673.96
731.77
756.88
576.91
516.31

Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Electric services
Gas production and distribution
Combination utility services
Sanitary services

49
491
492
493
495

17.70
18.50
17.30
21.71
13.05

17.92
18.77
17.66
21.82
13.18

18.09
19.14
17.31
22.06
13.53

18.48
19.62
17.76
22.37
13.68

750.48
784.40
735.25
924.85
558.54

766.98
807.11
761.15
929.53
565.42

757.97
798.14
732.21
919.90
576.38

785.40
837.77
761.90
941.78
584.14

12.51

12.55

12.82

12.99 $12.89

479.13

483.18

492.29

501.41 $493.69

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Motor vehicles, parts, and supplies
Furniture and home furnishings
Lumber and other construction materials
Professional and commercial equipment
Medical and hospital equipment
Metals and minerals, except petroleum
Electrical goods
Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment...
Machinery, equipment, and supplies
Misc. wholesale trade durable goods

50
501
502
503
504
5047
505
506
507
508
509

13.01
11.40
11.28
11.87
15.58
13.73
12.76
13.67
12.25
13.14
10.18

13.06
11.40
11.33
11.86
15.69
13.81
12.76
13.70
12.34
13.18
10.22

13.36
11.69
11.86
12.14
15.95
14.85
12.96
14.32
12.62
13.31
10.48

13.56
11.84
11.98
12.21
16.20
15.01
13.15
14.61
12.77
13.53
10.56

506.09
434.34
425.26
479.55
604.50
517.62
524.44
530.40
474.08
516.40
387.86

511.95
435.48
426.01
481.52
618.19
528.92
528.26
535.67
480.03
520.61
390.40

522.38
445.39
447.12
492.88
625.24
582.12
537.84
559.91
492.18
523.08
400.34

534.26
452.29
449.25
500.61
644.76
591.39
545.73
578.56
503.14
535.79
402.34

Nondurable goods
Paper and paper products
Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries
Apparel, piece goods, and notions
Groceries and related products
Farm-product raw materials
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and petroleum products
Beer, wine, and distilled beverages
Misc. wholesale trade nondurable goods

51
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519

11.80
12.18
15.05
11.36
12.12
8.70
13.50
11.14
13.44
9.85

11.82
12.28
15.09
11.47
12.10
8.90
13.54
11.26
13.42
9.86

12.04
12.21
15.53
11.78
12.43
8.98
13.68
11.13
13.81
9.95

12.18
12.59
15.93
11.85
12.47
9.07
13.88
11.35
13.92
10.10

442.50
445.79
556.85
423.73
466.62
307.98
537.30
417.75
499.97
356.57

444.43
450.68
558.33
430.13
464.64
330.19
540.25
425.63
499.22
361.86

450.30
449.33
557.53
439.39
477.31
316.99
548.57
416.26
520.64
362.18

456.75
453.24
579.85
446.75
478.85
323.80
564.92
429.03
524.78
367.64

7.77

7.77

7.95

8.06

224.55

223.78

234.53

234.55

9.28
9.58
9.97
7.86
8.38

9.27
9.62
9.86
7.82
8.37

9.46
9.90
10.02
7.91
8.32

9.60
10.00
10.07
8.05
8.61

332.22
359.25
366.90
253.09
268.16

330.94
356.90
364.82
252.59
270.35

336.78
367.29
368.74
256.28
266.24

337.92
368.00
365.54
254.38
268.63

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
Lumber and other building materials
Paint, glass, and wallpaper stores
Hardware stores
Retail nurseries and garden stores

52
521
523
525
526

See footnotes at end of table.




105

8.12

233.86

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

53
531
533
539

30.7
31.0
27.4
29.3

29.3
29.4
27.2
29.3

29.7
29.7
28.3
30.4

30.7
30.9
27.8
30.1

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

29.8
30.0
28.0

29.5
29.7
27.9

30.3
30.5
28.7

29.9
30.0
28.3

Automotive dealers and service stations ...
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

35.4
36.6
37.9
32.2
33.8

35.6
36.9
37.6
32.5
34.2

35.8
37.0
38.3
32.4
35.7

35.5
37.0
37.8
32.0
35.5

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

26.2
29.0
24.1
26.9
26.2

25.9
29.1
23.8
26.7
25.7

27.3
29.0
25.5
28.5
26.9

26.7
28.7
24.8
28.1
26.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores ...
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

32.8
33.3
34.6
31.9
31.7
26.4

32.9
33.1
34.3
32.2
31.6
27.0

33.4
33.4
34.6
33.1
33.0
27.7

33.4
33.4
34.6
33.3
33.2
26.6

Eating and drinking places5

58

25.0

25.2

26.2

25.2

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
598
599
5995
5999

29.7
28.5
31.3
27.9
33.0
37.4
31.1
32.7
31.7

29.6
28.4
31.5
27.6
32.9
38.0
31.2
33.3
31.8

30.3
29.4
31.0
29.2
32.9
37.1
30.9
34.2
31.5

29.8
29.0
30.9
28.3
32.5
37.5
30.6
33.5
31.1

35.7

36.4

35.7

36.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate 6
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,9
606

35.2
35.1
35.3
34.9
35.6

36.1
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.0

35.2
35.0
35.4
34.7
35.9

36.1
36.1
36.4
35.8
36.1

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

37.9
37.9

38.8
38.8

38.0
38.6

39.1
39.3

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

36.2

37.0

36.4

38.3

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance .....
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

37.9
37.5
38.7
38.7
38.1

38.4
38.0
39.0
39.0
38.2

38.1
37.6
39.0
39.1
38.4

38.6
38.2
39.4
39.4
38.3

32.3

32.6

32.7

32.6

34.8

35.1

35.3

34.9

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




106

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

35.4

32.3

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Retail trade—Continued
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Variety stores
Misc. general merchandise stores

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$233.32 $222.39 $234.04 $243.45
236.22 224.03 235.52 246.58
200.57 199.38 204.61 201.55
217.70 215.36 229.52 229.36

53
531
533
539

$7.60
7.62
7.32
7.43

$7.59
7.62
7.33
7.35

$7.88
7.93
7.23
7.55

$7.93
7.98
7.25
7.62

Food stores
Grocery stores
Retail bakeries

54
541
546

8.22
8.31
7.35

8.26
8.35
7.39

8.30
8.40
7.45

8.43
8.53
7.53

244.96
249.30
205.80

243.67
248.00
206.18

251.49
256.20
213.82

252.06
255.90
213.10

Automotive dealers and service stations ...
New and used car dealers
Auto and home supply stores
Gasoline service stations
Automotive dealers, nee

55
551
553
554
559

10.61
13.43
8.88
7.00
11.24

10.49
13.14
8.91
6.98
11.18

10.93
13.93
9.02
7.10
11.79

11.08
14.11
9.09
7.18
11.86

375.59
491.54
336.55
225.40
379.91

373.44
484.87
335.02
226.85
382.36

391.29
515.41
345.47
230.04
420.90

393.34
522.07
343.60
229.76
421.03

Apparel and accessory stores
Men's and boys' clothing stores
Women's clothing stores
Family clothing stores
Shoe stores

56
561
562
565
566

7.51
8.79
7.21
7.46
7.47

7.54
8.89
7.25
7.39
7.59

7.62
9.01
7.53
7.52
7.39

7.78
9.15
7.69
7.75
7.51

196.76
254.91
173.76
200.67
195.71

195.29
258.70
172.55
197.31
195.06

208.03
261.29
192.02
214.32
198.79

207.73
262.61
190.71
217.78
197.51

Furniture and home furnishings stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores ...
Household appliance stores
Radio, television, and computer stores...
Radio, television, and electronic stores
Record and prerecorded tape stores ...

57
571
572
573
5731
5735

10.28
9.92
10.31
10.75
10.71
6.48

10.18
9.86
9.99
10.65
10.31
6.46

10.67
10.17
10.47
11.38
10.71
6.56

10.82
10.27
10.68
11.60
10.92
6.64

337.18
330.34
356.73
342.93
339.51
171.07

334.92
326.37
342.66
342.93
325.80
174.42

356.38
339.68
362.26
376.68
353.43
181.71

361.39
343.02
369.53
386.28
362.54
176.62

Eating and drinking places5

58

5.64

5.65

5.78

5.82

141.00

142.38

151.44

146.66

Miscellaneous retail establishments
Drug stores and proprietary stores
Used merchandise stores
Miscellaneous shopping goods stores ....
Nonstore retailers
Fuel dealers
Retail stores, nee
Optical goods stores
Miscellaneous retail stores, nee

59
591
593
594
596
596
599
5995
5999

8.56
9.02
7.12
7.76
9.12
11.64
8.90
11.35
9.14

8.54
9.04
7.18
7.73
8.98
11.64
8.86
11.17
9.11

8.71
9.22
7.36
7.94
9.38
11.71
8.94
11.01
9.18

8.81
9.39
7.42
8.03
9.35
11.79
9.05
11.08
9.29

254.23
257.07
222.86
216.50
300.96
435.34
276.79
371.15
289.74

252.78
256.74
226.17
213.35
295.44
442.32
276.43
371.96
289.70

263.91
271.07
228.16
231.85
308.60
434.44
276.25
376.54
289.17

262.54
272.31
229.28
227.25
303.88
442.13
276.93
371.18
288.92

12.40

12.53

12.72

12.89 $12.86

442.68

456.09

454.10

470.49 $455.24

9.64
9.18
9.03
9.28
9.60

9.71
9.28
9.09
9.40
9.69

9.90
9.41
9.20
9.56
9.79

10.01
9.54
9.35
9.68
9.92

339.33
322.22
318.76
323.87
341.76

350.53
335.01
328.15
339.34
348.84

348.48
329.35
325.68
331.73
351.46

361.36
344.39
340.34
346.54
358.11

Finance, insurance, and real estate6
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
State commercial banks
National and commercial banks, nee ...
Credit unions

60
602
6022
6021,£
606

Nondepository institutions
Personal credit institutions

61
614

12.70
10.29

12.80
10.33

12.86
10.96

13.14
11.10

481.33
389.99

496.64
400.80

488.68
423.06

513.77
436.23

Security and commodity brokers:
Security and commodity services

628

17.65

17.91

17.80

18.13

638.93

662.67

647.92

694.38

Insurance carriers
Life insurance
Medical service and health insurance
Hospital and medical service plans
Fire, marine, and casualty insurance

63
631
632
6324
633

14.93
14.24
13.90
14.16
16.21

15.11
14.50
14.09
14.36
16.36

15.31
14.34
14.30
14.60
16.84

15.42
14.34
14.47
14.76
17.02

565.85
534.00
537.93
547.99
617.60

580.22
551.00
549.51
560.04
624.95

583.31
539.18
557.70
570.86
646.66

595.21
547.79
570.12
581.54
651.87

11.45

11.54

11.64

11.90

369.84

376.20

380.63

387.94

9.02

9.06

9.05

9.26

313.90

318.01

319.47

323.17

Services
Agricultural services

07

See footnotes at end of table.




107

11.92

385.02

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Agricultural services-—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

074
078

28.7
37.4

28.6
37.9

29.6
37.4

28.7
37.4

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels5

701

31.2

31.7

31.7

31.2

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops5
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

33.8
27.7
26.1

34.1
27.8
26.6

34.0
27.7
26.9

33.8
27.6
26.1

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

73
731

32.9
36.3

33.2
37.2

33.4
35.8

33.4
36.6

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

36.8
28.3
37.9
27.4
39.3
39.2
39.8
39.1

37.0
28.6
38.6
27.7
39.3
39.5
40.4
38.8

36.9
28.7
37.5
27.8
39.4
36.5
41.0
39.6

36.8
28.6
38.3
27.7
39.6
36.9
40.6
40.0

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

31.6
37.8
38.1
37.6
36.7
39.0
33.2
33.8
36.1

31.7
38.5
38.4
38.5
38.8
40.2
33.2
33.7
35.9

32.5
37.6
38.0
37.8
38.4
39.2
33.4
34.5
36.4

32.1
38.3
38.3
39.2
39.4
39.3
33.6
34.5
36.7

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

35.9
36.0
35.9
33.5
38.1
37.7
37.5
30.8
28.8

36.0
35.5
35.5
33.2
38.0
37.6
37.4
31.8
30.0

36.7
36.6
36.9
33.1
38.7
38.6
38.2
32.3
30.1

36.4
36.4
36.7
33.9
38.6
38.2
38.4
30.9
28.5

Miscellaneous repair services

76

38.4

38.4

38.2

38.1

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

29.8
38.8
23.7

30.7
40.2
23.9

30.7
39.1
24.1

30.3
39.0
23.7

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

26.5
25.0
26.5
18.5
28.3

26.4
25.3
26.3
18.9
28.3

28.4
25.0
29.0
18.6
29.3

26.5
24.7
26.5
18.3
28.7

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ..
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

32.7
32.5
27.7
29.8
32.6
32.2
34.4

32.8
32.8
28.2
30.0
32.7
32.7
34.3

32.7
32.7
28.1
29.9
32.3
32.1
34.4

32.9
33.2
28.4
30.2
33.0
32.6
34.3

See footnotes at end of table.




108

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—-Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Agricultural services—Continued
Veterinary services
Landscape and horticultural services

1987
SIC
Code

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

$256.00 $255.68 $264.92 $263.18
340.71 347.54 342.21 349.32

074
078

$8.92
9.11

$8.94
9.17

$8.95
9.15

$9.17
9.34

Hotels and other lodging places:
Hotels and motels5

701

7.97

8.05

7.94

8.26

248.66

255.19

251.70

257.71

Personal services:
Laundry, cleaning, and garment services
Beauty shops5
Miscellaneous personal services

721
723
729

7.59
8.62
8.74

7.62
8.59
8.82

7.73
8.94
8.74

7.78
8.83
8.96

256.54
238.77
228.11

259.84
238.80
234.61

262.82
247.64
235.11

262.96
243.71
233.86

73
731

10.72
15.92

10.76
16.21

11.15
16.51

11.30
16.69

352.69
577.90

357.23
603.01

372.41
591.06

377.42
610.85

7334
734
7342
7349
735
7352
7353
7359

10.32
7.53
9.77
7.25
11.22
10.49
14.82
10.29

10.32
7.49
9.72
7.21
11.33
10.39
14.96
10.42

10.57
7.68
10.10
7.38
11.60
10.84
15.35
10.57

10.60
7.78
10.39
7.45
11.79
10.76
15.57
10.84

379.78
213.10
370.28
198.65
440.95
411.21
589.84
402.34

381.84
214.21
375.19
199.72
445.27
410.41
604.38
404.30

390.03
220.42
378.75
205.16
457.04
395.66
629.35
418.57

390.08
222.51
397.94
206.37
466.88
397.04
632.14
433.60

7363
737
7371
7373
7375
7378
738
7381
7382

8.80
17.79
20.64
18.95
14.44
14.20
9.20
7.15
11.24

8.78
17.94
20.83
19.36
14.38
13.96
9.19
7.20
11.23

9.10
18.73
21.68
19.17
14.54
13.90
9.50
7.39
11.77

9.20
18.98
22.23
19.48
14.73
13.95
9.57
7.44
11.89

278.08
672.46
786.38
712.52
529.95
553.80
305.44
241.67
405.76

278.33
690.69
799.87
745.36
557.94
561.19
305.11
242.64
403.16

295.75
704.25
823.84
724.63
558.34
544.88
317.30
254.96
428.43

295.32
726.93
851.41
763.62
580.36
548.24
321.55
256.68
436.36

Auto repair, services, and parking
Automotive rentals, without drivers
Passenger car rental
Automobile parking
Automotive repair shops
Automotive and tire repair shops
General automotive repair shops
Automotive services, except repair
Carwashes

75
751
7514
752
753
7532,4
7538
754
7542

9.97
9.73
8.71
7.28
11.12
11.66
11.08
7.47
6.44

10.02
9.93
8.95
7.25
11.15
11.70
11.14
7.50
6.51

10.19
9.68
8.72
7.42
11.39
11.92
11.40
7.68
6.67

10.28
9.73
8.75
7.46
11.50
12.04
11.52
7.68
6.62

357.92
350.28
312.69
243.88
423.67
439.58
415.50
230.08
185.47

360.72
352.52
317.73
240.70
423.70
439.92
416.64
238.50
195.30

373.97
354.29
321.77
245.60
440.79
460.11
435.48
248.06
200.77

374.19
354.17
321.13
252.89
443.90
459.93
442.37
237.31
188.67

Miscellaneous repair services

76

11.75

11.74

12.09

12.29

451.20

450.82

461.84

468.25

Motion pictures
Motion picture production and services
Video tape rental

78
781
784

14.03
19.93
5.91

14.36
20.03
5.87

13.53
18.98
5.93

14.32
19.62
6.01

418.09
773.28
140.07

440.85
805.21
140.29

415.37
742.12
142.91

433.90
765.18
142.44

Amusement and recreation services
Bowling centers
Misc. amusement and recreation services
Physical fitness facilities
Membership sports and recreation clubs

79
793
799
7991
7997

8.82
6.78
8.29
8.07
8.43

8.93
6.72
8.40
8.11
8.57

8.31
7.17
7.79
7.91
8.15

8.96
7.00
8.41
8.10
8.65

233.73
169.50
219.69
149.30
238.57

235.75
170.02
220.92
153.28
242.53

236.00
179.25
225.91
147.13
238.80

237.44
172.90
222.87
148.23
248.26

Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Offices and clinics of dentists
Offices and clinics of other health practitioners ..
Nursing and personal care facilities
Intermediate care facilities
Hospitals

80
801
802
804
805
8052
806

12.54
12.58
12.46
11.57
8.83
8.19
14.43

12.56
12.59
12.49
11.66
8.82
8.13
14.48

12.82
13.12
12.90
11.90
8.96
8.35
14.66

12.92
13.28
12.97
12.09
9.01
8.46
14.79

410.06
408.85
345.14
344.79
287.86
263.72
496.39

411.97
412.95
352.22
349.80
288.41
265.85
496.66

419.21
429.02
362.49
355.81
289.41
268.04
504.30

425.07
440.90
368.35
365.12
297.33
275.80
507.30

Business services
Advertising
Mailing, reproduction, and stenographic services:
Photocopying and duplicating services
Services to buildings
Disinfecting and pest control services
Building maintenance services, nee
Miscellaneous equipment rental and leasing
Medical equipment rental
Heavy construction equipment rental
Equipment rental and leasing, nee
Personnel supply services:
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Computer programming services
Computer integrated systems design
Information retrieval services
Computer maintenance and repair
Miscellaneous business services
Detective and armored car services
Security systems services

See footnotes at end of table.




109

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

Average weekly hours

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

808

28.4

28.5

28.3

28.6

Legal services

81

34.5

35.2

34.7

35.4

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

31.1
31.3
31.0
29.8
32.0
31.3

31.4
31.6
31.2
30.1
32.3
31.9

31.1
30.9
31.0
30.1
31.9
31.5

31.5
31.7
31.8
29.7
32.6
32.1

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

34.8

35.2

34.4

35.1

87

37.3
39.2
39.5
38.2
37.6
36.5
36.4
39.3
29.5
36.9
36.3
35.7
36.0
34.6

37.0
39.1
39.5
38.0
38.2
35.4
36.7
40.0
30.9
36.1
36.0
35.7
35.7
34.3

37.5
39.6
40.0
38.4
36.0
36.0
37.4
41.2
30.9
36.7
36.2
35.9
35.9
35.0

37.6

35.9

36.0

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

36.9
39.0
39.2
38.1
37.9
35.8
36.3
39.2
29.5
36.5
35.7
34.9
35.4
32.9

Services, nee

89

36.8

871

See footnotes at end of table.




110

Average overtime hours
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-15. Average hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by detailed
industry—Continued

Industry

Services-—Continued
Health services—Continued
Home health care services

1987
SIC
Code

808

Average hourly earnings
Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

$11.03 $10.97 $11.17 $11.22

Average weekly earnings
Oct.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

$313.25 $312.65 $316.11 $320.89

Legal services

81

16.09

16.34

16.55

16.88

555.11

575.17

574.29

597.55

Social services
Individual and family services
Job training and related services
Child day care services
Residential care
Social services, nee

83
832
833
835
836
839

8.38
8.92
8.17
7.13
8.55
9.90

8.42
8.96
8.22
7.16
8.56
10.03

8.49
9.03
8.13
7.10
8.68
10.21

8.68
9.22
8.41
7.42
8.77
10.43

260.62
279.20
253.27
212.47
273.60
309.87

264.39
283.14
256.46
215.52
276.49
319.96

264.04
279.03
252.03
213.71
276.89
321.62

273.42
292.27
267.44
220.37
285.90
334.80

Membership organizations:
Professional organizations

862

15.87

16.17

16.53

16.92

552.28

569.18

568.63

593.89

Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services ...
Engineering services
Architectural services
Surveying services
Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping ..
Research and testing services
Commercial physical research
Commercial nonphysical research
Noncommercial research organizations
Management and public relations
Management services
Management consulting services
Public relations services

87
871
8711
8712
8713
872
873
8731
8732
8733
874
8741
8742
8743

15.90
17.42
18.10
15.82
12.51
14.24
16.77
18.98
12.72
19.15
14.54
13.05
16.96
14.10

16.02
17.61
18.28
16.07
12.63
14.51
16.78
19.12
12.68
19.12
14.61
13.21
17.03
14.11

16.30
17.83
18.57
16.11
12.93
14.20
17.16
19.38
13.16
20.06
15.20
13.64
17.20
14.35

16.65
18.21
18.95
16.52
13.20
14.53
17.48
19.87
13.60
20.09
15.58
13.93
17.76
14.85

586.71
679.38
709.52
602.74
474.13
509.79
608.75
744.02
375.24
698.98
519.08
455.45
600.38
463.89

597.55
690.31
722.06
613.87
474.89
529.62
610.79
751.42
374.06
705.53
530.34
471.60
613.08
488.21

603.10
697.15
733.52
612.18
493.93
502.68
629.77
775.20
406.64
724.17
547.20
486.95
614.04
492.21

624.38
721.12
758.00
634.37
501.60
523.08
653.75
818.64
420.24
737.30
564.00
500.09
637.58
519.75

Services, nee

89

15.21

15.37

16.16

16.57

559.73

577.91

580.14

596.52

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Publication of data for SIC'S 351, 3511, 363, 3632, 372, and 3724 has
been temporarily suspended, as these series are being recalculated to
incorporate data inadvertently omitted from the estimates. Data from
March 1995 forward are being revised.
3
See table B-15a for average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and
guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing.




Ill

Oct.
1996P

4
Data relate to line-haul railroads with operating revenues of $253.7
million or more in 1993 and to Amtrak.
5
Money payments only; tips, not included.
6
Excludes nonoffice commissioned real estate sales agents.
- Data not available.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from
March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.

A Note on Average Hourly Earnings
in Aircraft (SIC 3721) and Guided Missiles
and Space Vehicles (SIC 3761) Manufacturing

industry, BLS has calculated average hourly earnings
series for SIC 3721 and SIC 3761 which include lump-sum
payments. These series, beginning in October 1983, the
effective date of the first aerospace bargaining agreement
using lump-sum payments, were published in the June
1988 issue ofEmployment and Earnings. Current and year
earlier data are presented in table B-15a along with the
average hourly earnings series produced as part of the
Current Employment Statistics program. An explanation
of the methodology used to derive these series appears in
the Explanatory Notes of this publication.

For many years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics average
hourly earning series for production workers in aircraft
manufacturing (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space
vehicles manufacturing (SIC 3761) have been used to
escalate labor costs in contracts between aerospace
companies and their customers. Although the Bureau's
series by definition take account of traditional wage rate
changes, they do not capture "lump-sum payments to
workers in lieu of general wage increases" which were
negotiated in aerospace manufacturers' collective bargaining agreements beginning in late 1983.
Because of special circumstances in the aerospace

B-15a. Average hourly earnings in aircraft (SIC 3721) and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)
manufacturing
Guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761)

Aircraft (SIC 3721)
Series

Aug.
1995

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Aug.
1995

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Average hourly earnings,
excluding lump-sum payments

$20.28

$20.35

$20.65

$20.76

$18.72

$18.92

$19.48

$19.56

Average hourly earnings,
including lump-sum payments

20.30

20.38

20.93

21.03

18.75

18.96

19.48

19.56

= preliminary.




112

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-16. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime,1 of production workers on manufacturing payrolls
Industry

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
1
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate
of time and one-half.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

$11.78

$11.78

$12.11

$12.17

$12.16

12.31
9.74
9.53

12.27

12.64

9.98
9.76
12.01
14.00

12.72
10.00
9.83
12.07
14.10
11.90
13.00
11.71
16.26
12.66
10.08

12.67

9.75

$11.42

11.69
13.73

9.55
11.71

13.69

11.51
12.57
11.19
15.84
12.28
9.71

11.51
12.60
11.19
15.69
12.27
9.71

11.81
12.91
11.68
16.19
12.62

11.05

11.10
10.29
17.09
9.02
7.53
13.45
11.92
14.94
18.27
10.47
8.00

11.35
10.51
19.11
9.19
7.71

11.38
10.49
17.57

13.78

13.79
12.24

10.27
16.87

9.02
7.51
13.45
11.93
14.86
18.07

10.44
8.00

9.98

12.16
15.37
17.59

10.66
8.40

()
(*)
2

9.24
7.77
15.36
18.00
10.71
8.46

NOTE: Establishment survey estimates are currently projected
from March 1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark
data are introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are
subject to revision.

113

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-17. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonfarm payrolls by major industry, in current and constant (1982) dollars
Average hourly earnings
Industry

Average weekly earnings

Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

Total private:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

$11.55
7.43

$11.60
7.45

$11.77
7.38

$11.96
7.47

$11.95

$399.63 $402.52 $409.60 $417.40 $412.28
257.16 258.36 256.96 260.71

Mining:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.35
9.88

15.34
9.85

15.51
9.73

15.72
9.82

$15.52

696.89
448.45

696.44
447.01

702.60
440.78

721.55
450.69

$713.92

Construction:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

15.34
9.87

15.34
9.85

15.55
9.76

15.75
9.84

$15.74

612.07
393.87

615.13
394.82

618.89
388.26

625.28
390.56

$626.45

Manufacturing:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.47
8.02

12.43
7.98

12.79
8.02

12.90
8.06

$12.84

523.74
337.03

518.33
332.69

534.62
335.40

545.67
340.83

$538.00

Transportation and public utilities:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

14.35
9.23

14.46
9.28

14.55
9.13

14.62
9.13

$14.60

569.70
366.60

574.06
368.46

583.46
366.04

590.65
368.93

$584.00

Wholesale trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.51
8.05

12.55
8.06

12.82
8.04

12.99
8.11

$12.89

479.13
308.32

483.18
310.13

492.29
308.84

501.41
313.19

$493.69

Retail trade:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

7.77
5.00

7.77
4.99

7.95
4.99

8.06
5.03

$8.12

224.55
144.50

223.78
143.63

234.53
147.13

234.55
146.50

$233.86

Finance, insurance, and real estate:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

12.40
7.98

12.53
8.04

12.72
7.98

12.89
8.05

$12.86

442.68
284.86

456.09
292.74

454.10
284.88

470.49
293.87

$455.24

Services:
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars

11.45
7.37

11.54
7.41

11.64
7.30

11.90
7.43

$11.92

369.84
237.99

376.20
241.46

380.63
238.79

387.94
242.31

$385.02

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing;
construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
2
Not available.
p
= preliminary.




Sept.
1995

Oct.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Oct.
1996P

ft
ft

ft
ft
ft

NOTE: The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings series.
Establishment survey estimates are currently projected from March
1995 benchmark levels. When more recent benchmark data are
introduced, all unadjusted data from April 1995 forward are subject to
revision.

114

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Alabama
Birmingham
Mobile

41.7
43.1
43.5

41.9
42.5
43.7

41.8
42.6
43.6

$11.05
12.05
13.08

$11.59
12.57
13.74

$11.61
12.43
13.70

$455.26
495.26
574.21

$482.14
535.48
590.82

$486.46
528.28

Alaska

52.6

51.9

53.1

10.79

10.45

10.77

580.50

570.57

558.96

Arizona

42.4

42.7

42.9

11.04

11.72

11.62

470.30

495.76

496.17

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

41.7
41.0
43.8
41.2
41.8

41.7
40.0
42.4
42.0
43.9

42.1
41.3
42.8
42.0
42.3

10.14
9.78
9.95
10.77
11.98

10.42
9.89
10.38
11.30
12.03

10.44
9.78
10.32
11.39
12.08

416.75
404.89
421.88
448.03
494.77

430.35
397.58
428.69
472.34
512.48

435.35
391.20
437.57
478.38
530.31

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto
Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

41.7
40.8
42.7
42.0
44.2
41.8
42.3
41.4
41.6
40.1
40.0
40.5
41.9
41.1
39.5
45.9
42.1
41.0

41.7
41.3
42.2
41.7
42.4
42.2
42.1
41.4
40.9
39.8
39.8
40.8
41.5
41.2
39.9
44.6
42.1
41.8

42.0
41.4
42.2
42.1
42.0
42.4
42.3
41.4
41.6
40.7
39.4
40.6
41.8
41.3
40.4
45.2
43.2
42.0

12.54
13.13
10.94
11.88
12.28
15.20
12.48
11.31
13.80
13.16
12.44
13.49
15.23
12.66
14.11
12.77
14.80
12.15

12.85
13.65
11.05
12.02
12.55
15.67
12.99
11.52
13.87
13.35
12.81
14.05
15.72
13.05
14.63
12.85
14.57
12.28

12.85
13.71
11.10
12.04
12.45
15.54
12.97
11.63
13.72
13.23
12.83
14.14
15.69
13.31
14.42
12.88
14.16
12.37

519.16
534.39
462.76
496.58
537.86
636.88
527.90
465.97
568.56
521.14
497.60
536.90
639.66
514.00
551.70
583.59
589.04
494.51

528.14
563.75
458.58
501.23
510.79
658.14
541.68
478.08
546.48
530.00
504.71
577.46
641.38
538.97
577.89
538.42
576.97
505.94

535.85
566.22
468.42
502.07
527.88
655.79
546.04
481.48
561.15
526.55
510.63
576.91
651.14
548.37
575.36
574.45
596.14
517.07

Colorado
Denver

41.4
42.5

41.4
42.0

42.2
42.1

12.57
12.83

12.94
12.96

12.95
12.93

511.60
526.03

522.78
531.36

536.13
543.06

Connecticut
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Norwalk
Waterbury

43.2
42.8
45.0
44.4
41.0
43.8
41.4
44.4

42.5
42.8
45.8
42.5
41.4
42.9
41.6
43.4

43.1
43.1
45.0
43.9
43.0
43.5
41.6
43.9

13.69
14.10
13.45
13.99
12.93
14.51
13.71
12.70

14.07
14.85
14.61
14.95
13.39
14.69
13.91
12.95

14.03
14.45
14.67
14.90
13.57
14.51
14.02
13.06

581.83
592.20
603.91
594.58
522.37
628.28
555.26
562.61

592.35
619.25
647.22
635.38
557.02
616.98
566.14
554.26

596.28
618.46
671.89
633.25
561.80
622.48
583.23
566.80

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

40.7
38.8
41.9

41.0
40.0
41.4

41.6
40.3
42.3

14.08
12.43
16.53

13.93
12.52
16.93

13.56
12.72
16.66

558.96
462.40
677.73

565.56
489.53
707.67

555.96
508.80
689.72

40.5

39.2

38.6

13.71

13.80

13.84

542.92

536.82

542.53

41.6

41.4

41.4

10.27

10.53

10.58

428.26

427.52

438.01

42.5
43.6
47.6

42.5
42.3
48.1

42.9
42.8
49.6

10.81
12.09
14.04

11.14
12.00
14.00

11.17
11.98
14.07

457.26
528.33
645.84

468.99
511.20
646.80

474.73
506.75
676.77

38.8
39.3

38.5
39.2

39.6
40.0

12.87
13.30

12.64
12.98

12.81
12.96

498.07
529.34

482.85
502.33

493.19
508.03

40.8

39.9

39.1

11.65

11.86

11.99

460.18

474.40

478.40

41.8
46.6
41.1
41.8
41.7
42.3
41.6
40.2
41.7
40.8

41.6
43.9
41.3
41.8
42.7
42.8
41.8
40.4
42.3
39.6

42.0
43.7
41.5
42.0
42.1
42.8
41.3
40.6
42.0
40.1

12.67
17.60
10.66
12.61
14.41
14.92
13.67
15.30
14.39
11.75

12.98
17.37
10.83
12.91
14.86
15.84
14.19
15.90
15.10
11.77

12.99
17.98
11.02
12.96
14.84
15.89
14.16
15.96
15.06
11.95

525.81
797.28
438.13
524.58
599.46
629.62
567.31
619.65
595.75
481.75

539.97
729.54
449.45
538.35
625.61
676.37
593.14
643.95
643.26
475.51

540.38
789.32
455.13
541.73
633.67
680.09
591.89
644.78
637.04
473.22

District of Columbia:
Washington PMSA
Florida
Georgia
Atlanta
Savannah
Hawaii
Honolulu
Idaho
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield
See footnotes at end of table.




115

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

42.8
36.8
38.7
42.0
40.8
42.1
42.6
52.1
42.4
43.8
43.2
45.1

42.8
37.4
39.9
42.0
41.3
41.3
44.0
49.3
44.1
43.8
43.0
43.8

43.4
37.1
39.8
41.8
41.2
41.7
44.4
50.7
43.5
44.6
43.7
45.7

$13.90
10.69
11.68
12.94
14.05
18.26
15.39
19.12
14.52
15.21
12.73
13.43

$14.10
10.54
12.01
12.92
14.54
19.20
15.77
19.44
14.90
14.40
12.13
14.15

$14.26
10.93
12.02
13.05
14.49
19.17
15.91
19.53
14.85
14.41
12.42
14.21

$590.75
392.32
452.02
544.77
560.60
754.14
652.54
950.26
631.62
658.59
546.12
604.35

$596.43
395.25
475.60
536.18
604.86
798.72
692.30
1096.42
661.56
629.28
509.46
628.26

$610.33
408.78
479.60
548.10
598.44
791.72
700.04
962.83
654.89
631.16
534.06
622.40

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Sioux City

42.5
40.9
42.5
41.8
42.3

41.9
41.0
41.3
44.1
39.7

42.6
43.4
41.1
43.0
41.6

12.76
16.51
13.51
13.26
10.62

13.15
15.90
13.42
14.52
10.51

13.01
15.64
13.39
14.27
10.27

530.82
655.45
545.80
570.18
418.43

550.99
677.34
564.98
604.03
406.74

545.12
641.24
553.01
629.31
407.72

Kansas
Topeka
Wichita

41.7
40.7
42.8

42.1
41.2
44.0

42.2
42.0
44.7

12.44
14.38
13.45

12.89
14.02
15.00

13.05
14.07
15.17

513.77
585.27
566.25

537.51
583.23
655.50

549.41
579.68
667.48

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville

41.3
43.2
41.8

41.4
42.3
41.3

42.1
42.5
42.5

12.24
13.45
13.92

12.82
13.55
14.45

12.79
13.51
14.07

500.62
566.25
581.86

523.06
560.97
588.12

529.51
571.47
581.09

Louisiana
Baton Rouge
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

43.6
44.6
43.9
43.0

44.1
44.1
43.6
42.3

44.8
43.4
44.6
42.6

13.31
15.85
14.03
13.80

13.69
16.87
14.20
13.73

13.73
16.28
14.41
13.91

577.65
692.65
636.96
583.74

590.04
732.16
609.18
558.81

605.49
717.95
628.28
588.39

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland

40.4
38.6
39.1

39.7
38.7
39.1

40.6
40.6
40.2

12.38
10.09

12.98
11.29
11.24

12.76
11.39
11.12

486.53
383.42
424.93

503.62
449.34
412.51

506.57
440.79
434.79

Maryland
Baltimore PMSA

41.6
41.8

41.4
41.9

41.9
42.7

13.45
14.03

13.63
14.45

13.77
14.64

558.18
585.05

561.56
598.23

570.08
613.42

Massachusetts
Boston
Springfield
Worcester

42.1
41.4
42.1
42.0

42.1
42.2
42.8
42.5

42.2
42.2
43.2
43.0

12.81
13.65
12.38
12.32

13.02
13.99
12.44
12.84

13.02
14.03
12.44
12.73

535.46
559.65
511.29
516.21

541.63
577.79
508.80
531.58

548.14
592.07
532.43
541.03

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle Creek
Lansing East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

44.8
44.7
45.5
48.2
41.7
41.4
44.6
46.1
47.7

44.6
46.1
45.7
47.8
42.0
41.0
43.7
47.0
49.0

45.2
47.8
46.0
48.8
42.7
42.3
43.8
46.8
48.7

16.20
16.77
17.56
21.37
13.78
12.37
14.99
17.31
18.07

16.91
18.04
18.70
21.50
14.52
12.39
15.14
18.18
19.39

16.52
17.38
18.22
21.57
14.35
12.62
15.76
18.76
19.45

712.80
746.26
784.93
1019.35
574.63
512.12
640.07
758.18
847.48

723.75
788.35
813.45
1021.25
598.22
496.84
647.99
794.47
928.78

736.79
801.22
832.65
1031.05
602.70
517.42
688.71
881.72
953.05

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St. Paul
St. Cloud

42.2
42.1
42.6
41.4

41.9
42.5
41.8
41.2

42.4
43.8
42.5
40.5

12.72
11.70
13.73
12.24

13.10
11.55
14.01
11.86

13.14
11.40
14.05
12.10

529.15
485.55
572.54
514.08

535.79
483.95
573.01
483.89

550.57
484.50
587.29
498.52

Mississippi
Jackson

41.6
41.0

41.2
42.1

41.6
42.6

9.80
10.64

10.15
11.20

10.16
11.54

401.80
428.79

417.17
478.24

418.59
485.83

Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis
Springfield

42.0
43.0
43.2
40.7

41.1
43.5
41.8
40.4

41.9
43.7
42.1
41.1

12.10
13.90
14.59
10.26

12.67
14.49
14.77
10.71

12.56
14.49
14.59
10.63

496.10
587.97
611.32
420.66

513.14
614.38
617.39
434.83

516.22
630.32
609.86
429.45

Montana

39.3

38.8

39.8

12.76

12.84

12.94

505.30

494.34

502.07

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

41.7
42.2
41.8

41.4
45.5
40.8

42.1
45.4
42.2

11.10
12.75
11.71

11.60
13.38
13.14

11.58
13.43
12.86

457.32
532.95
496.50

473.28
606.11
532.17

479.41
611.07
524.69

Nevada
Las Vegas

41.8
39.3

41.0
38.2

41.6
38.4

12.86
14.32

13.98
14.44

13.50
13.77

525.97
569.94

564.79
567.49

553.50
526.01

See footnotes at end of table.




116

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED

B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

41.6
42.9
40.4
39.8

41.7
40.6
41.7
39.8

42.5
41.3
41.7
41.6

$11.98
11.96
14.83
12.10

$12.33
12.99
14.92
12.05

$12.22
12.87
14.75
11.78

$497.17
485.58
613.96
482.79

$495.67
506.61
590.83
424.16

$509.57
522.52
615.08
468.84

New Jersey

42.0

41.5

42.0

13.41

13.97

13.87

563.22

574.17

575.61

New Mexico
Albuquerque

40.6
41.2

40.5
40.3

40.9
40.7

10.66
11.04

11.37
11.79

10.77
11.77

425.33
458.16

446.84
471.60

436.19
474.33

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Nassau-Suffolk
New York PMSA
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Rockland County
Syracuse
Utica-Rome
Westchester County

41.5
41.2
42.5
44.2
40.6
43.6
39.4
38.7
38.3
40.9
43.7
44.3
43.5
40.7
40.7

41.0
41.0
41.3
43.0
36.9
42.6
39.6
39.2
39.0
41.0
43.3
43.6
43.2
39.5
40.0

41.5
41.6
42.5
44.4
37.7
42.3
40.4
38.6
38.2
40.6
44.6
43.7
44.1
39.9
41.0

12.46
14.10
10.24
15.90
11.18
11.57
11.56
11.28
10.99
10.47
14.04
14.69
13.38
11.09
12.33

12.72
14.04
10.30
16.06
11.45
11.88
11.79
11.51
11.28
11.21
14.28
14.92
13.84
11.68
12.19

12.76
14.05
10.46
16.23
11.63
11.95
11.71
11.58
11.35
11.28
14.25
15.44
13.76
11.67
12.21

508.37
572.46
418.82
690.06
443.85
482.47
452.00
436.54
419.82
428.22
606.53
641.95
560.62
434.73
504.30

512.62
564.41
424.36
669.70
430.52
490.64
456.27
441.98
429.77
449.52
595.48
640.07
588.20
459.02
491.26

523.16
576.05
432.00
697.89
429.15
509.07
463.72
453.94
442.65
462.48
617.03
673.18
594.43
460.97
488.40

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

41.1
41.3
40.8
40.4
41.5

41.1
41.0
41.3
40.2
42.3

40.9
41.3
41.2
40.0
41.4

10.58
10.09
11.31
11.03
11.32

10.96
10.50
11.75
11.30
11.93

11.00
10.56
11.87
11.27
11.92

430.61
414.70
461.45
442.30
470.91

437.30
425.25
468.83
448.61
498.67

452.10
432.96
490.23
453.05
504.22

North Dakota
Fargo-Moorhead

40.9
41.4

42.8
42.8

42.7
43.4

10.75
10.35

10.90
10.78

10.95
10.92

432.15
428.49

462.16
446.29

468.66
467.38

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

43.9
43.1
41.1
43.8
43.8
42.9
45.1
45.3
44.0
43.6
42.9
46.5
43.9

43.3
42.0
41.4
43.3
42.8
42.1
45.1
45.2
42.6
43.6
42.8
44.3
43.6

44.0
42.1
41.5
43.8
43.5
42.3
45.5
46.2
43.5
44.1
43.2
45.4
44.1

14.31
11.86
13.00
13.87
14.08
13.27
15.81
16.07
15.70
14.80
16.39
16.06
15.84

14.71
12.33
13.03
14.19
14.68
13.77
15.80
16.33
15.38
15.35
17.25
16.60
15.54

14.79
12.31
13.11
14.31
14.63
13.77
16.12
16.35
15.18
15.68
16.88
16.50
16.16

618.19
512.35
531.70
597.80
609.66
562.65
701.96
726.36
698.65
634.92
703.13
716.28
685.87

619.29
510.46
515.99
604.49
615.09
570.08
680.98
741.38
641.35
638.56
722.78
745.34
654.23

640.41
517.02
542.75
619.62
626.16
579.72
727.01
739.02
646.67
683.65
722.46
730.95
704.58

Oklahoma
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

42.6
43.1
42.0

41.8
43.4
42.4

41.4
43.7
42.6

11.55
11.98
12.26

12.02
13.25
12.95

11.96
13.40
12.41

478.17
495.97
507.56

495.22
568.43
537.43

499.93
581.56
526.18

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem

40.3
41.1
40.5
41.3
38.7

40.3
40.0
40.6
40.0
37.8

40.9
39.8
40.9
41.5
39.0

12.67
12.60
12.32
12.90
10.40

13.00
13.31
12.19
13.25
11.66

12.98
12.91
12.13
13.29
11.40

514.40
511.56
501.42
527.61
424.32

514.80
504.45
486.38
516.75
451.24

523.09
516.40
492.48
531.60
430.92

Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrlsburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia PMSA
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York

41.7
41.3
41.3
43.7
40.5
39.1
40.6
41.3
42.8
42.2
40.4
43.3
40.9
40.7
42.2

41.5
41.1
39.9
43.5
40.2
39.5
40.4
41.1
42.6
42.0
40.6
43.9
41.3
42.6
41.4

42.0
41.7
40.6
45.0
40.4
39.5
40.6
41.4
43.1
42.3
40.9
44.8
42.2
41.6
41.9

12.84
12.54
10.78
13.05
12.36
9.65
12.64
14.00
13.91
13.59
11.58
13.82
11.04
10.78
12.74

13.29
12.79
11.47
14.02
12.93
9.98
12.91
14.21
14.58
13.96
11.96
13.93
11.23
10.75
13.38

13.23
12.71
11.22
13.85
12.79
10.01
12.99
14.26
14.58
14.07
11.94
13.89
11.38
10.90
13.44

530.29
514.14
446.29
555.93
494.40
377.32
506.86
569.80
591.18
580.29
468,18
590.11
462.58
437.67
536.35

548.88
520.55
454.21
615.48
500.39
398.20
511.24
582.61
619.65
587.72
476.01
603.17
467.17
448.28
561.96

549.05
522.38
447.68
602.48
514.16
395.40
524.80
586.09
621.11
590.94
484.76
609.77
469.99
464.34
556.42

See footnotes at end of table.




117

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
B-18. Average hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls in States and selected area — Continued
Average weekly hours
State and area

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

41.5
41.1

39.1
39.9

40.8
41.2

$10.63
10.64

$11.04
11.10

$11.09
11.26

$429.45
429.86

$432.77
436.23

$433.62
449.27

41.9

42.0

42.0

10.16

10.28

10.30

424.69

427.65

432.60

41.7
40.3
42.4

41.5
40.3
41.7

41.5
40.2
41.5

9.49
9.60
9.92

9.55
9.53
9.95

9.60
9.56
9.98

390.04
381.12
405.73

395.37
384.06
415.91

398.40
385.27
416.17

40.4
39.4
38.8
39.5
40.3
40.8

40.7
41.2
40.9
39.6
42.8
41.3

40.9
41.8
40.6
39.8
42.0
42.2

10.83
10.69
11.27
10.81
11.09
11.44

11.31
10.72
12.08
10.92
11.87
11.91

11.32
10.87
11.85
10.90
11.47
12.00

434.28
424.39
438.40
423.75
440.27
461.03

452.40
445.95
480.78
435.71
485.48
485.93

460.72
447.84
484.67
431.64
490.92
495.60

Texas
Dallas
Ft. Worth-Arlington
Houston
San Antonio

43.2
44.1
43.2
44.7
41.9

43.3
44.2
43.5
44.4
41.3

43.3
44.2
42.6
44.9
42.0

11.52
11.19
12.40
13.94
9.52

11.84
11.76
12.34
13.91
9.62

11.84
11.72
12.47
13.84
9.57

490.75
483.41
527.00
614.75
398.89

510.30
517.44
523.22
613.43
398.27

512.67
518.02
542.45
614.50
395.24

Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden

40.0
40.3

40.6
40.4

41.2
41.0

11.56
11.88

12.24
12.28

12.31
12.25

457.78
478.76

484.70
483.83

499.79
494.90

Vermont
Burlington

41.7
42.2

39.2
41.4

40.7
43.6

12.27
12.80

12.38
12.97

12.54
12.71

505.52
524.80

487.77
561.60

491.57
526.19

Virginia
Bristol
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Northern Virginia
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

42.0
41.3
43.0
43.6
38.1
41.2
42.7
42.2

42.6
43.1
43.3
41.3
40.3
40.1
44.3
41.0

42.7
43.3
41.8
43.1
40.3
40.3
43.2
40.3

11.84
9.99
10.02
11.12
11.43
12.39
15.22
12.95

12.17
10.19
10.04
11.39
11.63
12.22
15.89
12.87

12.24
10.56
10.01
11.17
11.57
12.40
16.14
12.97

492.54
398.60
409.82
449.25
446.91
509.23
671.20
549.08

502.62
425.94
426.70
461.30
450.08
485.13
688.04
516.09

521.42
455.14
433.43
461.32
466.27
497.24
715.00
531.77

Washington

41.0

40.6

41.5

13.48

14.79

14.62

552.68

593.08

593.57

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling

41.8
46.7
42.5
42.5
40.3

41.5
46.5
41.6
41.6
40.0

41.8
47.7
43.5
43.5
41.8

12.52
13.98
14.15
14.15
14.81

13.00
14.06
14.32
14.32
16.45

12.89
14.09
14.28
14.28
16.19

520.83
645.88
605.62
605.62
585.00

533.00
650.98
608.60
608.60
644.84

534.94
655.19
594.05
594.05
647.60

Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
LaCrosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau

42.7
43.7
48.2
43.8
47.7
41.9
40.3
41.4
42.5
40.0
42.7
46.1

42.2
43.9
44.4
41.8
46.1
40.8
40.2
41.0
41.8
41.0
42.3
43.6

42.9
44.2
45.0
42.9
46.7
40.4
40.1
42.4
42.1
41.9
44.7
44.6

12.66
13.74
12.79
13.44
16.81
13.69
11.06
12.12
13.93
12.88
12.47
12.20

13.07
14.01
12.86
14.04
17.02
12.97
10.76
12.59
14.16
13.32
12.86
13.02

13.13
14.26
12.78
13.66
17.10
14.29
10.87
12.23
14.24
13.86
12.82
12.82

536.78
596.32
621.59
572.54
822.01
546.23
431.34
505.40
579.49
516.49
537.46
549.00

543.71
619.24
586.42
581.26
776.11
482.48
431.48
518.71
574.90
534.13
540.12
537.73

554.09
626.01
567.43
570.99
788.31
583.03
436.97
501.43
595.23
568.26
542.29
558.95

Wyoming

40.3

40.6

40.8

12.33

13.40

12.98

485.80

522.60

526.99

Puerto Rico

37.7

40.2

30.6

7.46

7.74

7.78

298.40

289.48

312.76

Virgin Islands

39.1

40.9

38.7

15.54

16.98

16.84

641.80

657.13

688.76

Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
South Carolina
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls
Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

1
Not available.
P = preliminary.




NOTE: Area definitions are published annually in the May issue of this publication. All
State and area data have been adjusted to March 1995 benchmarks.

118

HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division

1996

1995
Oct.

Nov

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NORTHEAST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

39,597 39,603 39,605 39,631 39,603 39,603 39,609 39,615 39,622 39,625 39,639 39,652 39,664
25,301 25,286 25,241 25,228 25,175 25,481 25,614 25,821 25,610 25,667 25,732 25,766 25,738
23,866 23,825 23,706 23,776 23,740 23,874 24,133 24,269 24,204 24,222 24,417 24,417 24,359
1,379
1,607
1,481
1,551
1,406
1,445
1,315
1,349
1,535
1,435
1,435
1,462
1,452
6.3
5.4
6.1
5.8
6.0
5.5
5.6
5.1
5.2
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7

New England
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

10,251 10,256 10,259 10,230 10,263 10,265 10,270 10,273 10,278 10,280 10,287 10,292 10,298
6,983 7,072 7,032
6,954 6,991
6,965 6,907 6,887 6,933 7,027 7,093 7,047 6,912
6,695 6,714
6,698 6,607 6,698 6,736 6,700
6,669 6,612 6,554 6,542 6,581
6,601
305
336
332
345
353
333
380
348
285
354
353
353
322
4.4
4.8
4.7
5.1
4.7
5.4
4.9
4.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
4.6
5.1

Middle Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

29,346 29,347 29,346 29,401 29,340 29,338 29,340 29,342 29,344 29,345 29,352 29,359 29,366
18,347 18,295 18,276 18,321 18,288 18,548 18,587 18,727 18,564 18,755 18,749 18,694 18,706
17,266 17,156 17,095 17,222 17,199 17,294 17,439 17,556 17,506 17,615 17,719 17,681 17,659
1,254
1,148
1,172
1,058
1,140
1,030
1,013
1,048
1,082
1,139
1,181
1,099
1,089
5.9
6.2
6.5
6.0
6.8
6.2
6.3
5.7
6.1
5.5
5.4
5.6
6.0

SOUTH
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

69,769 69,857 69,939 70,106 70,088 70,164 70,250 70,337 70,425 70,515 70,607 70,708 70,808
45,858 45,959 45,980 46,097 46,116 46,082 45,970 46,139 46,143 46,576 46,387 46,692 47,062
43,296 43,426 43,422 43,589 43,647 43,635 43,576 43,642 43,808 44,134 44,103 44,340 44,601
2,284 2,352 2,461
2,562 2,533 2,558 2,508 2,470 2,448 2,394 2,497 2,335 2,441
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.2
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.4

South Atlantic
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

36,067 36,113 36,157 36,262 36,235 36,276 36,322 36,369 36,415 36,462 36,509 36,563 36,616
23,617 23,605 23,609 23,642 23,678 23,706 23,768 23,996 23,979 24,141 24,065 24,071 24,209
22,368 22,362 22,350 22,435 22,505 22,512 22,623 22,762 22,823 22,905 22,917 22,868 23,034
1,234
1,203
1,175
1,194
1,145
1,157
1,236
1,148
1,207
1,173
1,248
1,244
1,259
4.9
5.0
4.8
4.8
5.1
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.1

East South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

12,307 12,321 12,335 12,339 12,360 12,371 12,386 12,400 12,414 12,429 12,446 12,462 12,479
7,901
7,772 7,866 8,076 7,969 8,034 8,151
7,994 7,917
7,932 7,821
7,974 7,961
7,453 7,533 7,519
7,380 7,348 7,487 7,653 7,634 7,651
7,623
7,568 7,450 7,514
419
378
424
468
440
423
335
383
528
448
442
443
426
5.7
4.8
5.2
4.2
4.8
6.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.9
5.3
5.6

West South Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

21,395 21,423 21,447 21,506 21,494 21,517 21,543 21,569 21,596 21,624 21,652 21,682 21,714
14,341 14,379 14,409 14,462 14,521 14,444 14,382 14,372 14,298 14,359 14,354 14,586 14,701
13,475 13,531 13,554 13,586 13,692 13,609 13,573 13,532 13,498 13,577 13,553 13,821 13,943
867
848
856
876
829
835
809
840
800
782
801
765
758
5.9
6.0
5.8
6.1
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.2

See footnotes at end of table.




119

HOUSEHOLD DATA
REGIONS AND DIVISIONS
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-1. Employment status of the civilian population for census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Census region and
division

1995
Oct.

Nov.

1996
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct,

MIDWEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

46,672 46,704 46,737 46,604 46,790 46,817 46,852 46,887 46,921 46,958 46,999 47,040 47,083
32,511 32,373 32,377 32,187 32,446 32,655 32,739 32,753 32,809 32,906 32,658 32,694 32,739
31,035 30,874 30,872 30,687 31,030 31,240 31,290 31,266 31,302 31,338 31,226 31,237 31,320
1,415
1,475
1,499
1,500
1,415
1,449
1,486
1,507
1,505
1,568
1,419
1,432
1,457
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.3
4.4
4.5

East North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

32,921 32,942 32,963 32,896 32,998 33,015 33,039 33,061 33,084 33,107 33,134 33,162 33,190
22,522 22,399 22,348 22,286 22,470 22,618 22,693 22,684 22,710 22,730 22,559 22,551 22,616
21,425 21,265 21,214 21,137 21,424 21,618 21,673 21,595 21,610 21,635 21,535 21,469 21,598
1,149
1,046
1,000
1,020
1,089
1,101
1,097
1,135
1,134
1,094
1,018
1,024
1,082
4.7
4.4
4.5
4.8
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.1
5.2
4.5
4.8
4.5
4.8

West North Central
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,751 13,762 13,774 13,709 13,793 13,802 13,814 13,826 13,837 13,851 13,865 13,877 13,893
9,989 9,974 10,029 9,900 9,976 10,037 10,046 10,069 10,099 10,176 10,098 10,142 10,123
9,671
9,609 9,658 9,550 9,607 9,622 9,617
9,692 9,703 9,691
9,610
9,768 9,722
397
378
365
351
369
415
429
407
371
473
401
408
375
4.1
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.5
4.7
4.0
4.3
4.0
3.7

WEST
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,105 43,157 43,203 43,292 43,291 43,338 43,389 43,440 43,491 43,543 43,602 43,661 43,719
28,956 29,079 28,945 29,131 29,137 29,201 28,902 29,169 29,182 29,120 29,097 29,310 29,263
27,053 26,990 27,060 27,138 27,164 27,251 26,990 27,253 27,367 27,234 27,261 27,475 27,432
1,951
1,974
1,916
2,089
1,993
1,831
1,913
1,815
1,903
1,885
1,886
1,836
1,835
6.8
6.6
7.2
6.8
6.3
6.7
6.6
6.2
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.3
6.3

Mountain
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

11,680 11,709 11,735 11,755 11,790 11,818 11,847 11,875 11,904 11,932 11,965 11,995 12,026
8,222 8,181
8,131
8,182
8,205 8,178
8,140
8,251
8,105
8,130
8,216
8,214
8,169
7,769 7,765
7,826 7,747 7,726 7,763 7,760 7,680 7,721
7,742 7,833 7,788 7,781
413
451
461
458
421
436
392
425
378
384
381
432
388
5.6
5.1
5.1
4.8
5.1
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.7
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.3

Pacific
Civilian noninstitutional population2
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

31,425 31,448 31,468 31,538 31,502 31,520 31,542 31,565 31,587 31,611 31,637 31,666 31,693
20,826 20,863 20,776 20,917 20,887 21,062 20,798 20,947 21,000 20,989 20,915 21,105 21,084
19,312 19,157 19,272 19,356 19,338 19,503 19,263 19,489 19,606 19,554 19,540 19,707 19,667
1,417
1,435
1,375
1,398
1,458
1,394
1,558
1,549
1,534
1,561
1,706
1,514
1,504
6.7
7.0
6.6
6.8
6.6
6.6
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
8.2
7.3
7.2

These estimates may differ from the results obtained from summing the
official State estimates produced and published through the Local Area
Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
;;
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the
various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of




120

Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia,
and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and
Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West
North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii,
Oregon, and Washington.

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
1995
State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

2,067.7
1,933.9
133.8
6.5

2,069.4
1,935.6
133.9
6.5

2,070.0
1,938.7
131.3
6.3

2,070.6
1,939.7
130.9
6.3

2,082.6
1,985.4
97.3
4.7

2,071.5
1,968.6
102.9
5.0

2,062.3
1,955.0
107.3
5.2

2,054.6
1,941.8
112.8
5.5

2,047.7
1,933.3
114.4
5.6

2,049.9
1,954.1
95.7
4.7

2,087.5
1,986.7
100.8
4.8

2,090.4
1,996.3
94.1
4.5

2,090.7
1,992.4
98.3
4.7

301.3
279.1
22.1
7.3

302.2
280.0
22.2
7.4

304.3
281.3
23.0
7.6

305.4
281.4
24.0
7.8

309.1
285.3
23.8
7.7

311.0
287.6
23.3
7.5

313.7
289.0
24.7
7.9

311.8
289.4
22.4
7.2

307.9
286.9
21.0
6.8

310.0
286.7
23.3
7.5

310.8
287.2
23.7
7.6

312.6
289.7
22.9
7.3

312.3
289.5
22.7
7.3

2,146.7
2,041.5
105.2
4.9

2,149.3
2,047.1
102.2
4.8

2,155.8
2,055.6
100.1
4.6

2,155.5
2,057.4
98.1
4.6

2,150.2
2,046.4
103.8
4.8

2,157.5
2,051.4
106.1
4.9

2,149.3
2,044.0
105.3
4.9

2,141.6
2,041.7
4.7

2,149.5
2,038.7
110.8
5.2

2,152.7
2,039.3
113.4
5.3

2,147.8
2,035.8
112.0
5.2

2,157.9
2,041.8
116.0
5.4

2,161.8
2,041.9
119.9
5.5

1,227.0
1,166.4
60.6
4.9

1,226.7
1,167.5
59.2
4.8

1,228.1
1,169.3
58.8
4.8

1.229.8
1,171.2
58.6
4.8

1,238.4
1,177.0
61.4
5.0

1,236.7
1,176.4
60.3
4.9

1,234.2
1,173.2
61.0
4.9

1,230.0
1,173.2
56.8
4.6

1,231.4
1,174.0
57.3
4.7

1,240.6
1,178.1
62.5
5.0

1,243.6
1,177.2
66.4
5.3

1,245.3
1,179.6
65.6
5.3

1,248.9
1,182.8
66.2
5.3

15,438.3
14,234.1
1,204.2
7.8

15,451.4
14,240.3
1,211.0
7.8

15,465.5
14,232.3
1,233.2
8.0

15,461.2
14,251.5
1,209.7
7.8

15,488.5
14,307.2
1,181.3
7.6

15,495.8
14,306.3
1,189.5
7.7

15,503.9
14,314.1
1,189.7
7.7

15,435.9
14,276.3
1,159.6
7.5

15,440.7
14,309.6
1,131.1
7.3

15,439.3
14,330.2
1,109.0
7.2

15,467.1
14,354.2
1,112.8
7.2

15,523.0
14,420.6
1,102.4
7.1

15,583.2
14,488.8
1,094.4
7.0

2,096.6
2,006.7
89.9
4.3

2,104.0
2,014.3
89.7
4.3

2,117.2
2,027.9
89.3
4.2

2,120.4
2,032.6
87.8
4.1

2,125.7
2,052.6
73.1
3.4

2,149.9
2,070.3
79.5
3.7

2,161.6
2,078.1
83.5
3.9

2,146.1
2,063.7
82.4
3.8

2,159.7
2,071.7
88.0
4.1

2,150.5
2,061.8
88.7
4.1

2,111.0
2,022.9
88.1
4.2

2,089.6
2,004.8
84.8
4.1

2,084.4
1,999.0
85.4
4.1

1,707.1
1,611.7
95.4
5.6

1,707.6
1,612.2
95.4
5.6

1,707.0
1,611.1
95.8
5.6

1,704.7
1,609.4
95.2
5.6

1,746.1
1,653.2
93.0
5.3

1,747.3
1,657.6
89.7
5.1

1,744.2
1,655.2
89.0

5.1

1,748.9
1,662.6
86.3
4.9

1,742.8
1,658.8
84.0
4.8

1,739.4
1,656.3
83.1
4.8

1,731.8
1,650.0
81.9
4.7

1,733.6
1,652.7
81.0
4.7

1,745.5
1,660.7
84.9
4.9

381.5
364.2
17.3
4.5

381.7
364.0
17.7
4.6

382.2
363.8
18.3
4.8

381.9
363.6
18.3
4.8

383.5
365.3
18.2
4.7

383.8
368.0
15.7
4.1

383.9
366.5
17.4
4.5

384.9
366.9
18.1
4.7

380.4
362.3
18.1
4.8

383.4
365.5
17.9
4.7

384.3
364.5
19.8
5.1

383.2
362.9
20.4
5.3

382.6
362.6
19.9
5.2

280.3
254.6
25.8
9.2

281.5
256.0
25.5
9.0

279.9
255.0
24.8
8.9

280.2
255.3
24.9
8.9

280.8
257.4
23.4
8.3

282.4
259.4
23.0
8.1

277.4
253.0
24.3
8.8

267.0
244.6
22.4
8.4

269.4
245.2
24.2
9.0

263.1
241.8
21.3
8.1

266.5
242.6
23.9
9.0

263.2
239.2
24.0
9.1

267.4
244.2
23.1

6,852.7
6,478.7
374.0
5.5

6,858.3
6,480.3
378.1
5.5

6,868.5
6,495.1
373.4
5.4

6,882.5
6,509.7
372.8
5.4

6,991.8
6,597.6
394.1
5.6

6,974.3
6,580.2
394.1
5.7

6,982.3
6,605.8
376.5
5.4

6,988.1
6,618.4
369.7
5.3

6,989.5
6,620.0

6,977.6
6,627.3
350.4
5.0

6,999.7
6,633.3
366.4
5.2

7,007.4
6,648.0
359.5
5.1

7,016.1
6,644.2
371.9
5.3

Sept.?

Alabama
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Alaska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arizona
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Arkansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
California
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Colorado
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Connecticut
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Delaware
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
District of Columbia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Flor
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




121

5.3

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1995

1996

State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

3,633.2
3,452.9
180.2
5.0

3,640.9
3,461.9
179.0
4.9

3,646.9
3,469.9
177.0
4.9

3,645.3
3,470.6
174.7
4.8

3,722.8
3,540.6
182.2

3,722.2
3,555.3
166.9
4.5

3,728.2
3,558.7
169.5
4.5

3,737.9
3,564.7
173.2
4.6

3,744.5
3,570.9
173.6
4.6

3,747.3
3,582.6
164.7
4.4

3,785.8
3,621.4
164.4
4.3

3,775.6
3,607.7
167.8
4.4

3,788.9
3,622.5
166.5
4.4

578.8
544.1
34.7
6.0

579.3
544.7
34.6
6.0

578.6
544.9
33.7
5.8

579.6
545.2
34.4
5.9

584.9
550.8
34.0
5.8

585.9
551.5
34.4
5.9

587.1
552.7
34.4
5.9

588.8
554.5
34.3
5.8

590.5
554.9
35.5
6.0

592.7
556.0
36.7
6.2

590.3
555.1
35.2
6.0

590.3
554.7
35.6
6.0

592.4
560.4
32.0
5.4

599.0
566.8
32.2
5.4

600.7
568.5
32.2
5.4

604.7
570.6
34.2
5.7

604.7
571.8
32.9
5.4

610.9
580.4
30.6
5.0

617.2
587.2
30.0
4.9

616.8
585.4
31.4
5.1

614.4
583.8
30.6
5.0

612.8
582.0
30.9
5.0

609.6
578.2
31.4
5.2

609.7
580.2
29.5
4.8

618.0
587.2
30.8
5.0

623.8
592.3
31.6
5.1

6,089.4
5,774.0
315.4
5.2

6,111.0
5,794.1
316.9
5.2

6,108.5
5,792.2
316.4
5.2

6,109.8
5,786.9
322.9
5.3

6,141.8
5,811.4
330.4
5.4

6,148.3
5,832.0
316.3
5.1

6,150.9
5,837.8
313.0
5.1

6,140.6
5,825.1
315.5
5.1

6,149.8
5,828.8
321.0
5.2

6,157.4
5,829.9
327.5
5.3

6,161.9
5,831.1
330.8
5.4

6,160.8
5,829.9
330.9
5.4

6,140.0
5,819.7
320.3
5.2

3,138.5
2,995.3
143.2
4.6

3,144.1
2,998.3
145.8
4.6

3,128.9
2,981.0
147.9
4.7

3,120.7
2,977.5
143.2
4.6

3,102.5
2,962.7
139.8
4.5

3,131.8
2,992.5
139.4
4.5

3,113.9
2,981.5
132.4
4.3

3,103.8
2,973.7
130.2
4.2

3,092.4
2,964.7
127.7
4.1

3,092.6
2.959.4
133.2
4.3

3,104.6
2,976.8
127.8
4.1

3,093.1
2,965.7
127.4
4.1

3,083.0
2,952.8
130.2
4.2

1,557.7
1,503.7
54.1
3.5

1,568.9
1,514.7
54.2
3.5

1,564.3
1,508.9
55.4
3.5

1,559.6
1,505.9
53.7
3.4

1,559.0
1,506.3
52.7
3.4

1,591.7
1,535.4
56.3
3.5

1,595.2
1,541.8
53.4
3.3

1,610.3
1,554.6
55.6
3.5

1,623.6
1,566.9
56.6
3.5

1,605.4
1,555.9
49.5
3.1

1,595.1
1,542.1
53.0
3.3

1,600.1
1,551.5
48.6
3.0

1,603.3
1,554.0
49.3
3.1

1,330.3
1,272.8
57.5
4.3

1,333.0
1,276.3
56.7
4.3

1,334.5
1,278.5
56.1
4.2

1,333.2
1,278.3
54.9
4.1

1,357.7
1,306.4
51.3
3.8

1,357.2
1,307.0
50.2
3.7

1,354.1
1,303.3
50.8
3.8

1,356.9
1,302.3
54.6
4.0

1,352.3
1,296.6
55.7
4.1

1,348.9
1,296.0
52.8
3.9

1,355.8
1,301.2
54.7
4.0

1,359.2
1,302.9
56.3
4.1

1,360.8
1,306.1
54.8
4.0

1,854.6
1,752.3
102.3
5.5

1,855.9
1,753.8
102.1
5.5

1,858.3
1,755.4
102.9
5.5

1,856.3
1,755.5
100.8
5.4

1,871.7
1,769.2
102.5
5.5

1,853.5
1,758.6
94.8
5.1

1,837.8
1,744.0
93.8
5.1

1,828.6
1,733.1
95.6
5.2

1,827.7
1,734.0
93.8
5.1

1,830.7
1,735.8
94.9
5.2

1,862.8
1,770.1
92.6
5.0

1,854.2
1,770.4
83.8
4.5

1,869.2
1,782.2
87.0
4.7

1,959.4
1,830.1
129.4
6.6

1,958.0
1,829.8
128.2
6.5

1,960.2
1,832.8
127.4
6.5

1,961.9
1,834.1
127.9
6.5

1,982.8
1,851.9
130.9
6.6

1,975.9
1,844.5
131.5
6.7

1,986.9
1,863.1
123.8
6.2

1,986.0
1,861.4
124.6
6.3

1,982.4
1,850.3
132.2
6.7

1,980.0
1,847.4
132.6
6.7

2,003.6
1,867.3
136.4
6.8

1,992.7
1,856.8
135.9
6.8

2,024.9
1,884.8
140.1
6.9

651.9
614.6
37.3
5.7

652.4
616.4
36.1
5.5

653.8
618.4
35.4
5.4

654.0
619.4
34.5
5.3

648.9
615.9
33.0
5.1

651.5
618.1
33.3
5.1

656.1
622.7
33.4
5.1

657.0
622.6
34.4
5.2

655.2
618.7
36.5
5.6

658.1
622.2
36.0
5.5

660.4
623.7
36.7
5.6

667.0
630.6
36.4
5.5

671.6
637.3
34.3
5.1

Sept.P

Georgia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ...
Haw
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Idaho
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Indiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Iowa
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kansas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Kentucky
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Louisiana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Maine
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




122

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1995

1996

State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

2,726.9
2.585.9
141.0
5.2

2,726.8
2,585.6
141.2
5.2

2,724.1
2,583.1
141.0
5.2

2,719.2
2,580.9
138.3
5.1

2,719.8
2,580.9
138.8
5.1

2,728.3
2,597.9
130.5
4.8

2,720.3
2,586.7
133.6
4.9

2,710.9
2,575.5
135.5
5.0

2,744.5
2,607.4
137.0
5.0

2,762.5
2,630.0
132.5
4.8

2,769.3
2,634.5
134.8
4.9

2,784.2
2,651.5
132.7
4.8

2,803.8
2,667.7
136.0
4.9

3,167.9
2,998.9
169.0
5.3

3,173.7
3,004.9
168.8
5.3

3,174.1
3,006.5
167.6
5.3

3,170.9
3,004.4
166.5
5.2

3,184.5
3,022.1
162.4
5.1

3,187.7
3,028.8
158.9
5.0

3,182.3
3,028.8
153.5
4.8

3,186.2
3,028.5
157.7
4.9

3,189.3
3,033.8
155.5
4.9

3,187.1
3,034.9
152.2
4.8

3,176.4
3,034.4
142.0
4.5

3,166.0
3,039.3
126.8
4.0

3,175.0
3,041.8
133.2
4.2

4,719.0
4,471.6
247.3
5.2

4,731.4
4,487.7
243.7
5.2

4,735.5
4,489.8
245.7
5.2

4,746.1
4,503.5
242.6
5.1

4,825.8
4,587.5
238.3
4.9

4,820.1
4,586.9
233.2
4.8

4,809.7
4,587.5
222.3
4.6

4,812.4
4,590.1
222.3
4.6

4,835.5
4,610.1
225.4
4.7

4,841.0
4,621.1
219.9
4.5

4,832.0
4,600.3
231.7
4.8

4,828.6
4,611.8
216.8
4.5

4,860.8
4,634.5
226.3
4.7

2,595.4
2,499.6
95.8
3.7

2,587.4
2,490.4
97.0
3.7

2,593.3
2,494.9
98.4
3.8

2,598.9
2,499.9
99.0
3.8

2,607.2
2,524.8
82.4
3.2

2,591.8
2,510.8
80.9
3.1

2,601.3
2,511.3
90.0
3.5

2,624.4
2,527.9
96.5
3.7

2,620.1
2,529.4
90.7
3.5

2,615.0
2,519.4
95.7
3.7

2,637.6
2,537.8
99.8
3.8

2,645.4
2,543.3
102.1
3.9

2,634.7
2,533.1
101.6
3.9

1.263.1
1,181.5
81.6
6.5

1,265.4
1,187.5
77.8
6.2

1,263.7
1,185.7
78.0
6.2

1,258.6
1,182.5
76.2
6.1

1,262.2
1,180.9
81.4
6.4

1,260.6
1,181.4
79.2
6.3

1,259.0
1,184.3
74.7
5.9

1,274.8
1,194.5
80.4
6.3

1,273.5
1,193.0
80.5
6.3

1,250.9
1,179.8
71.0
5.7

1,268.9
1,192.3
76.5
6.0

1,262.7
1,185.0
77.7
6.2

1,257.8
1,194.1
63.8
5.1

2,850.6
2,716.4
134.2
4.7

2,846.2
2,724.5
121.7
4.3

2,849.5
2,730.3
119.2
4.2

2,855.6
2,736.9
118.7
4.2

2,798.9
2,701.1
97.7
3.5

2,816.9
2,714.4
102.5
3.6

2,831.9
2,720.8
111.1
3.9

2,833.5
2,711.5
122.0
4.3

2,850.4
2,728.3
122.1
4.3

2,857.1
2,737.7
119.4
4.2

2,856.4
2,729.8
126.5
4.4

2,841.9
2,731.4
110.5
3.9

2,859.1
2,748.9
110.3
3.9

434.3
407.9
26.4
6.1

435.7
409.1
26.6
6.1

436.6
409.6
27.0
6.2

438.8
412.0
26.8
6.1

445.8
420.1
25.7
5.8

448.6
423.2
25.3
5.6

445.9
422.6
23.3
5.2

446.6
421.0
25.6
5.7

447.6
422.7
24.9
5.6

449.4
425.6
23.8
5.3

448.6
424.4
24.2
5.4

449.3
424.4
24.8
5.5

453.5
428.8
24.7
5.4

901.6
877.9
23.7
2.6

904.7
880.3
24.4
2.7

903.3
879.1
24.2
2.7

903.8
879.1
24.7
2.7

906.6
882.9
23.7
2.6

905.6
879.7
25.9
2.9

900.3
876.1
24.2
2.7

903.5
877.7
25.8
2.9

903.5
876.5
27.0
3.0

904.2
877.3
26.9
3.0

907.1
880.8
26.3
2.9

904.6
880.9
23.7
2.6

909.4
887.4
22.0
2.4

809.1
766.7
42.4
5.2

811.7
770.0
41.6
5.1

814.6
772.4
42.2
5.2

815.5
773.9
41.6
5.1

827.3
784.9
42.4
5.1

834.0
792.0
41.9
5.0

835.3
796.1
39.2
4.7

835.1
793.3
41.8
5.0

838.7
793.3
45.4
5.4

839.3
799.5
39.8
4.7

840.5
799.9
40.6
4.8

845.4
801.8
43.7
5.2

857.0
811.0
46.0
5.4

633.6
607.7
25.9
4.1

633.0
609.1
23.9
3.8

632.4
609.8
22.6
3.6

632.2
610.2
22.0
3.5

629.4
608.7
20.7
3.3

631.0
608.5
22.5
3.6

631.4
608.4
23.0
3.6

629.5
607.1
22.4
3.6

628.2
603.3
24.9
4.0

625.8
600.0
25.7
4.1

628.8
604.2
24.6
3.9

625.2
601.7
23.6
3.8

631.8
604.4
27.4
4.3

Sept.P

Maryland
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Minnesota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mississippi
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Missouri
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Montana
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nebraska
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Nevada
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Hampshire
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




123

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1995

1996

State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

4,074.1
3,811.8
262.2
6.4

4,079.4
3,816.8
262.6
6.4

4,082.6
3,817.2
265.3
6.5

4,080.4
3,816.7
263.8
6.5

4,063.1
3,802.4
260.7
6.4

4,072.1
3,810.7
261.4
6.4

4,075.3
3,813.0
262.3
6.4

4,085.6
3,815.3
270.3
6.6

4,075.7
3,826.1
249.6

4,081.5
3,830.0
251.5
6.2

4,085.9
3,837.0
248.9
6.1

4,095.0
3,844.6
250.4
6.1

4,098.8
3,843.5
255.4
6.2

789.1
738.9
50.2
6.4

792.4
741.4
51.0
6.4

795.9
744.2
51.6
6.5

798.3
746.6
51.7
6.5

812.2
759.8
52.4
6.5

812.7
759.2
53.5

811.0
756.9
54.1
6.7

810.0
755.4
54.6
6.7

810.4
755.3
55.2
6.8

815.2
758.4
56.8
7.0

818.3
760.5
57.8
7.1

819.7
761.5
58.2
7.1

815.9
758.2
57.7
7.1

8,482.6
7,937.9
544.6
6.4

8,475.4
7,939.1
536.3
6.3

8,475.5
7,942.1
533.4
6.3

8,477.4
7,942.9
534.5
6.3

8,542.7
8,013.3
529.5
6.2

8,530.6
8,022.2
508.5
6.0

8,580.2
8,023.7
556.5
6.5

8,577.7
8,030.7
547.0
6.4

8,591.6
8,045.0
546.7
6.4

8,570.2
8,029.1
541.1
6.3

8,595.2
8,036.8
558.5
6.5

8,580.5
8,056.0
524.5
6.1

8,584.4
8,075.5
509.0
5.9

3,645.1
3,483.1
162.0
4.4

3,649.9
3,490.4
159.5
4.4

3,653.6
3,490.8
162.8
4.5

3,662.1
3,494.2
167.9
4.6

3,691.4
3,507.2
184.2
5.0

3,706.7
3,542.9
163.8
4.4

3,713.0
3,550.2
162.9
4.4

3,717.8
3,553.2
164.6
4.4

3,717.5
3,557.9
159.6
4.3

3,703.9
3,548.4
155.5
4.2

3,718.4
3,559.7
158.7
4.3

3,718.7
3,565.2
153.5
4.1

3,720.7
3,564.7
156.1
4.2

333.9
323.1
10.8
3.2

334.1
323.7
10.4
3.1

335.2
324.6
10.6
3.2

335.0
324.5
10.5
3.1

343.2
332.6
10.6
3.1

345.0
334.7
10.3
3.0

343.8
333.8
10.0
2.9

341.2
330.0
11.1
3.3

341.7
331.1
10.6
3.1

341.8
331.2
10.6
3.1

340.1
330.6
9.5
2.8

339.6
330.5
9.1
2.7

341.3
331.7
9.6
2.8

5,608.5
5,331.9
276.6
4.9

5,613.5
5,337.8
275.7
4.9

5,639.8
5,348.2
291.6
5.2

5,638.3
5.354.5
283.8
5.0

5,727.5
5,425.3
302.2
5.3

5,716.9
5,431.1
285.8
5.0

5,715.5
5,426.2
289.3
5.1

5,697.6
5,437.8
259.8
4.6

5,717.5
5,437.1
280.3
4.9

5,728.8
5,446.2
282.6
4.9

5,718.1
5,444.5
273.6
4.8

5,725.2
5,461.3
263.8
4.6

5,733.5
5,457.6
275.8
4.8

1,546.9
1,475.6
71.3
4.6

1,547.2
1,477.0
70.2
4.5

1,549.1
1,479.9
69.2
4.5

1,548.4
1,481.2
67.2
4.3

1,561.9
1,488.6
73.3
4.7

1,560.7
1,486.6
74.1
4.7

1,559.1
1,489.5
69.6
4.5

1,562.2
1,492.2
70.1
4.5

1,575.0
1,506.6
68.4
4.3

1,592.1
1,523.9
68.2
4.3

1,586.9
1,518.3
68.6
4.3

1,580.9
1,512.1
68.9
4.4

1,585.8
1,517.7
68.1
4.3

1,649.0
1,567.3
81.8
5.0

1,650.9
1,567.8
83.1
5.0

1,653.4
1,570.3
83.1
5.0

1,656.0
1,575.1
80.9
4.9

1,682.6
1,600.4
82.2
4.9

1,706.5
1,622.9
83.6
4.9

1,736.4
1,648.1
88.3
5.1

1,733.0
1,640.3
92.7
5.3

1,746.4
1,656.0
90.5
5.2

1,726.7
1,639.4
87.3
5.1

1,719.5
1,627.9
91.6
5.3

1,707.1
1,615.3
91.8
5.4

1,725.8
1,638.9
86.9
5.0

5,838.3
5,493.0
345.3
5.9

5,842.7
5,499.6
343.1
5.9

5,852.4
5,498.4
354.0
6.0

5,843.0
5,495.0
348.0
6.0

5,844.0
5,482.6
361.3
6.2

5,844.2
5,520.1
324.1
5.5

5,870.8
5,540.6
330.2
5.6

5,870.5
5,536.6
333.9
5.7

5,889.8
5,544.2
345.6
5.9

5,896.2
5,593.1
303.1
5.1

5,906.0
5,601.7
304.2
5.2

5,898.9
5.586.5
312.4
5.3

5,875.0
5,580.8
294.2
5.0

483.6
449.4
34.2
7.1

483.2
449.8
33.4
6.9

482.8
449.8
33.0
6.8

483.1
449.8
33.3
6.9

489.2
458.3
30.9
6.3

487.8
458.9
28.8
5.9

488.2
463.2
25.0
5.1

488.3
463.1
25.1
5.1

487.8
465.2
22.6
4.6

490.0
466.6
23.4
4.8

488.9
465.4
23.5
4.8

492.9
467.2
25.7
5.2

492.7
467.7
25.0
5.1

Sept.p

New Jersey
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
New Mexico
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
New York
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ...
North Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
North Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment raie .
Oklahoma
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Oregon
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Pennsylvania
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Rhode Island
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate.
See footnotes at end of table.




124

STATE LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-2. Labor force status by State, seasonally adjusted—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
1995

1996

State
Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.-.

1,874.3
1,778.4

95.8
5.1

1,874.7
1,777.2
97.5
5.2

1,872.3

1,773.6
98.7
5.3

1,874.6
1,775.5
99.1
5.3

1,864.6
1,763.3

385.2

387.1
376.2

101.2
5.4

1.849.7
1,759.8
89.8
4.9

1,850.0

1,763.3
86.7
4.7

Sept.p

July

Aug.

1,860.7
1,751.6
109.1
5.9

1,854.0

390.0

389.0
377.7
11.3
2.9

!

1,866.0 | 1,861.3

1,866.5

1,868.0

1,762.9 | 1,761.3

1,754.4

103.2 I
5.5 i

100.0
5.4

112.1
6.0

1,756.8
111.2
6.0

389.6
377.9
11.7
3.0

389.5
376.9
12.5
3.2

389.7
378.8
10.9
2.8

388.7
377.9
10.7
2.8

389.4
377.8
11.6
3.0

2,770.0
2,630.1
139.9
5.0

2,750.8
2,617.3
133.5
4.9

2.744.6
2,614.3
130.3
4.7

2,747.9
2,619.5
128.4
4.7

2,762.9
2,626.6
136.4
4.9

2,752.5 | 2,752.7
2.831.4 j 2,628.2

1,744.4

109.6
5.9

I

South Dakota
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

May

|
i

South Carolina
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

|

372.9

384.7
373.4

2.9

11.1
2.9

11.3
2.9

2,722.7
2,575.1
147.6
5.4

2,728.8
2,578.5
150.3
5.5

2,732.7
2,581.4

9,605.9
9,022.0
583.9
6.1

383.3
372.2
11.1

383.9

373.9
11.3
2.9

10.9
2.8

388.5 I
377.3
11.2
2.9

378.9
11.0
2.8

Tennessee
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,753.7
2,600.7
153.0
5.6

2,748.2
2,599.3

151.4
5.5

2,738.3
2,585.5
152.8
5.6

9,632.7

9,662.5

9,668.3

9,702.4

9,727.0

9,042.8
589.9
6.1

9,063.1
599.3
6.2

9,079.6
588.8

9,106.5
596.0

6.1

6.1

9,145.2
581.8
6.0

9,716.3
9,130.3
586.0
6.0

9,714.2
9,125.0
589.2
6.1

9,698.8
9,126.7
572.1
5.9

9,691.7
9,120.5
571.1
5.9

9,677.1
9,120.2
556.9
5.8

9,680.6 j 9,687.7
9,135.5 I 9,167.6
545.1 i 520.1
5.4
5.6

970.8
936.7
34.2
3.5

972.0

973.8
940.9

975.0

1,006.4
975.3
31.1

1,005.3
973.2
32.1
3.2

1,009.4
978.4
31.1
3.1

1,014.9
981.4
33.5
3.3

1,014.1
979.1
35.1
3.5

1,006.7
975.2
31.5
3.1

1,010.7

1,012.2

3.1

1,008.0
975.9
32.0
3.2

981.0
29.7
2.9

981.5
30.8
3.0

320.3
306.5
13.7
4.3

321.3
307.7

322.5
308.2

325.3
311.7

324.8
311.6

13.7
4.3

14.3
4.4

322.2
308.7
13.5
4.2

13.7
4.2

13.2
4.1

326.0
313.1
12.9
3.9

323.5
310.7
12.7
3.9

325.4
311.4 |
14.0
4.3

326.6
312.1
14.5
4.4

3,506.9

3,513.4
3,353.4
160.0
4.6

3,520.0
3,360.7
159.2
4.5

3,517.0
3,362.6
154.4
4.4

3,489.4
3,334.2
155.2
4.4

3,478.8
3,337.1
141.7
4.1

3,467.2
3,329.8
137.4
4.0

3,474.6
3,325.6
149.0
4.3

148.8
5.4

124.5
4.5

121.1
4.4

Texas
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Utah
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

938.4
33.6
3.5

32.9
3.4

944.4
30.6
3.1

Vermont
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

323.7
310.9 j
12.8 |
4.0 |

321.9
308.8 !
13.1 !
4.1 ,
j

Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

322.9
309.3
13.6
4.2

3,347.8

159.1
4.5

3,485.3
3,337.2
148.1
4.3

3,479.4
3,333.5
145.9
4.2

3,478.5 i 3,498.0 j 3,494.5
3,325.2 | 3,343.3 j 3,353.3
154.7
153.3
141.2
4.4 |
4.0
4.4

!

Washington
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,818.9
2,638.5
180.3
6.4

2,823.7
2,643.4
180.3

6.4

2,827.8
2,645.5
182.3
6.4

2,823.7
2,647.1
176.6
6.3

2,828.4
2,661.2
167.2
5.9

2,825.1
2,656.7
168.4
6.0

2,845.8
2,671.0
174.8
6.1

2,842.4
2,663.1
179.2
6.3

j 2,865.6
j 2,686.9
I 178.7
!
6.2

2,888.1

2,711.7
176.3

6.1

2,914.3
2,743.0
171.3
5.9

2,874.0
2,704.4
169.6
5.9

2,695.6
170.9
6.0

!

West Virginia
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,866.5

793.0
729.5
63.5

794.1
731.5
62.6

731.4

8.0

7.9

8.2

2,852.2
2,747.8
104.5
3.7

2,856.1
2,749.3
106.8
3.7

256.5
244.3
12.2
4.7

256.6
244.6

796.3

792.8
732.0

801.5

802.9
743.3
59.6
7.4

G05.3
740.9
64.4
8.0

804.2
742.5
61.7
7.7

809.1
751.2

805.8
746.6

60.8
7.7

805.3
737.5
67.8
8.4

57.9
7.2

59.2
7.3

2,858.8
2,750.8
108.0
3.8

2,858.3
2,752.1
106.2
3.7

2,873.2
2,761.1
112.1
3.9

2,898.0
2,784.4
113.6
3.9

2,919.3
2,812.3
106.9
3.7

2,914.3
2,808.7

2,908.3
2,808.6
99.7
3.4

2,911.3
2,808.6

2,905.4
2,804.2

105.6
3.6

2,908.1
2,804.0
104.1
3.6

102.7

101.2
3.5

256.6
244.7
11.9
4.6

256.5
245.2
11.2
4.4

256.1
245.3

256.2
245.6
10.6
4.1

257.3
245.3
12.0
4.7

259.5
246.4
13.0
5.0

260.1
248.3
11.8
4.5

257.8

256.6
245.1
11.5
4.5

65.0

747.9
53.6
6.7

800.5
745.4

55.1
6.9

804.3
745.4
58.9
7.3

Wisconsin
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

3.5

2,897.3

2,801.0
96.2
3.3

Wyoming
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

12.0
4.7

10.8
4.2

p

= preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will be




246.9
10.9
4.2 !

257.0
244.9
12.1
4.7

revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

125

257.1
244.9
12.2
4.7

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996?

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

95.0
13.3
4.7
12.1
5.9
2.4

6.3
4.4
4.4
6.9
5.6
4.4

4.9
3.1
3.1
4.9
4.0
3.5

4.6
3.0
2.9
4.6
3.8
3.1

17.5
5.5

18.5
6.2

6.0
4.6

5.5
4.2

5.9
4.7

117.0
51.2
13.1

126.0
53.3
13.4

132.2
57.8
14.8

5.4
3.7
3.5

5.8
3.8
3.6

6.1
4.1
4.0

1,247.9
140.7
95.5
303.5
37.2

54.7
3.1
4.7
10.3
2.5

65.1
3.8
4.5
11.7
3.0

59.9
3.5
4.4
11.0
2.8

4.5
2.3
4.9
3.5
6.9

5.2
2.7
4.6
3.8
8.0

4.8
2.5
4.6
3.6
7.6

15,673.4
279.6
427.4
4,450.6
204.7
1,153.9
1,349.5
1,305.2
737.5
180.2
1,241.1
893.2
899.8
191.6
224.4
249.1
236.2
388.0

15,601.0
280.2
430.7
4,457.7
200.7
1,144.8
1,340.8
1,298.1
731.4
178.2
1,227.2
883.5
888.7
189.0
227.0
247.2
236.5
383.6

1,162.7
32.9
48.2
351.6
23.0
66.1
70.1
119.7
45.6
13.4
80.1
45.8
39.4
11.6
11.1
24.0
16.7
32.5

1,097.3
30.7
44.6
367.9
21.6
58.5
57.8
108.2
41.3
13.0
67.8
37.8
32.9
10.1
9.9
21.7
16.3
31.8

1,049.3
32.1
46.3
332.6
22.1
57.6
55.0
103.9
41.0
12.2
64.9
35.3
33.0
10.5
9.0
21.6
16.0
31.3

7.5
12.1
11.0
8.0
11.5
5.9
5.3
9.3
6.4
7.7
6.5
5.2
4.6
6.2
4.9
9.7
7.1
8.5

7.0
11.0
10.4
8.3
10.5
5.1
4.3
8.3
5.6
7.2
5.5
4.2
3.7
5.3
4.4
8.7
6.9
8.2

6.7
11.5
10.7
7.5
11.0
5.0
4.1
8.0
5.6
6.9
5.3
4.0
3.7
5.5
4.0
8.7
6.8
8.2

2,121.6
164.5
239.2
1,072.1

2,123.1
163.4
243.2
1,066.5

2,106.8
165.4
241.7
1,059.6

77.7
6.4
9.6
35.8

82.8
5.9
10.5
37.9

73.9
5.4
9.4
34.2

3.7
3.9
4.0
3.3

3.9
3.6
4.3
3.5

3.5
3.3
3.9
3.2

1,695.0
217.6
106.3
585.7
266.6
150.3
184.4
115.4

1,768.4
225.8
108.0
600.2
281.1
160.4
198.6
123.0

1,730.8
221.7
106.7
592.9
272.4
155.0
192.0
120.2

86.8
13.3
3.6
32.3
13.8
7.7
6.7
6.5

86.0
12.9
3.8
31.5
14.3
7.8
6.1
6.2

76.8
11.8
3.1
28.2
12.4
7.0
5.5
5.7

5.1
6.1
3.3
5.5
5.2
5.1
3.6
5.6

4.9
5.7
3.5
5.3
5.1
4.8
3.1
5.1

4.4
5.3
2.9
4.7
4.6
4.5
2.8
4.7

Delaware
Dover
Wilmington-Newark

378.7
68.5
279.9

386.7
70.4
285.9

379.7
69.9
282.4

17.3
3.2
14.9

20.9
3.4
19.7

19.9
3.1
19.0

4.6
4.7
5.3

5.4
4.8
6.9

5.3
4.5
6.7

District of Columbia
Washington

278.5
2,567.5

264.4
2,592.0

264.8
2,572.4

23.9
108.5

23.3
97.8

21.2
98.5

8.6
4.2

8.8
3.8

8.0
3.8

Florida
Daytona Beach
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Myers-Cape Coral
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Lakeland-Winter Haven
Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay
Miami
Orlando
Pensacola
Sarasota-Bradenton
Tallahassee
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ...
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton

6,883.5
188.9
727.5
168.8
102.5
509.4
196.5
200.6
1,040.9
759.3
169.9
227.5
145.1
1,096.8
452.8

7,059.7
192.1
752.3
173.6
102.4
525.7
197.2
204.0
1,059.4
781.2
172.9
237.5
147.9
1,125.7
464.3

7,043.2
191.5
749.8
172.8
102.9
522.5
197.4
200.0
1,057.5
778.2
172.9
236.1
148.9
1,123.2
464.5

396.9
8.5
42.4
7.6
2.8
18.0
17.9
13.3
77.0
34.3
6.8
9.6
4.1
48.0
37.0

378.5
7.8
39.2
6.5
2.8
19.5
17.7
10.6
77.0
30.1
5.9
8.4
4.6
43.7
37.0

392.3
8.0
40.8
6.5
2.7
20.1
18.1
10.6
81.1
30.6
6.2
9.0
4.7
44.9
38.3

5.8
4.5
5.8
4.5
2.7
3.5
9.1
6.6
7.4
4.5
4.0
4.2
2.8
4.4
8.2

5.4
4.1
5.2
3.8
2.7
3.7
9.0
5.2
7.3
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.1
3.9
8.0

5.6
4.2
5.4
3.8
2.7
3.8
9.2
5.3
7.7
3.9
3.6
3.8
3.2
4.0
8.3

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Tuscaloosa

2,055.7
437.6
159.5
254.2
152.1
76.7

2,085.2
445.7
160.9
265.8
156.1
77.0

2,079.2
445.2
160.5
264.6
155.2
77.8

129.2
19.1
7.0
17.6
8.5
3.4

101.7
14.0
5.1
13.1
6.3
2.7

Alaska
Anchorage

302.3
131.0

320.0
132.9

312.7
132.8

18.0
6.0

Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa
Tucson

2,157.0
1,376.5
374.4

2,163.8
1,388.2
367.6

2,174.1
1,394.1
371.9

Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers
Fort Smith
Little Rock-North Little Rock
Pine Bluff

1,226.0
135.4
95.4
296.4
36.6

1,254.7
141.0
96.3
305.4
37.2

15,458.4
272.2
439.4
4,412.7
201.0
1,125.6
1,315.8
1,281.2
717.0
174.1
1,224.6
887.3
860.8
188.9
228.1
247.1
234.1
382.0

Colorado
Boulder-Longmont
Colorado Springs
Denver

Connecticut

Alabama
Birmingham
Huntsville
Mobile
Montgomery

California
Bakersfield
Fresno
Los Angeles-Long Beach
Modesto

Oakland
Orange County
Riverside-San Bernardino
Sacramento
Salinas
San Diego
San Francisco
San Jose
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc
Santa Rosa
Stockton-Lodi
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa
Ventura

Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford
New Haven-Meriden
New London-Norwich
Stamford-Newark
Waterbury

See footnotes at end of table.




126

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996?

170.3
3.3
2.2
75.2
13.1
5.6
6.9
6.1

5.1
6.6
3.6
4.4
7.6
6.7
5.2
5.3

4.5
6.2
3.2
3.7
6.9
4.9
4.7
4.7

4.5
5.9
3.2
3.8
6.5
4.7
4.7
4.6

38.3
23.0

32.5
20.1

6.1
4.9

6.5
5.4

5.6
4.7

26.5
6.8

28.0
7.2

26.1
7.0

4.4
3.5

4.5
3.4

4.2
3.4

6,123.1
79.1
91.0
4,075.8
182.1
59.7
51.3
180.0
193.1
105.8

291.7
2.0
2.4
194.5
7.2
4.2
2.8
6.9
7.0
4.3

330.2
2.3
2.9
210.9
7.0
5.6
3.0
11.2
8.3
5.1

297.5
2.0
2.6
192.1
6.6
4.9
2.6
9.6
7.4
4.4

4.8
2.6
2.6
4.8
4.0
7.0
5.4
3.8
3.6
4.1

5.3
3.0
3.2
5.1
3.8
9.1
5.7
6.1
4.2
4.5

4.9
2.6
2.9
4.7
3.6
8.3
5.0
5.3
3.8
4.2

3,106.5
60.0
99.6
153.9
263.7
302.1
812.2
56.5
81.9
60.8
134.5
75.0

3,087.3
63.3
97.8
151.8
264.9
303.2
801.6
56.0
87.5
63.3
132.4
77.0

129.5
1.5
3.7
7.7
9.4
18.0
28.9
2.1
2.1
2.7
5.2
4.3

120.4
1.6
3.5
6.3
8.6
15.2
25.7
1.9
2.2
2.9
5.3
4.5

117.3
1.4
3.5
6.4
8.5
15.0
25.0
1.9
2.2
2.7
5.1
4.3

4.1
2.4
3.8
4.9
3.5
5.9
3.5
3.8
2.4
4.2
3.7
5.5

3.9
2.7
3.5
4.1
3.3
5.0
3.2
3.3
2.7
4.8
4.0
6.0

3.8
2.2
3.6
4.2
3.2
5.0
3.1
3.4
2.5
4.2
3.8
5.5

1,556.5
106.1
250.9
49.5
64.0
64.6
68.5

1,606.0
108.6
259.6
50.2
64.8
66.1
67.4

1,602.6
108.6
255.9
50.0
64.7
65.4
69.1

48.7
2.8
6.2
1.4
2.0
1.8
2.7

44.7
2.4
6.1
2.1
1.6
1.8
2.5

44.5
2.4
6.4
2.1
1.6
1.8
2.4

3.1
2.7
2.5
2.8
3.1
2.8
3.9

2.8
2.3
2.3
4.2
2.4
2.8
3.8

2.8
2.2
2.5
4.1
2.5
2.7
3.5

Kansas
Lawrence
Topeka
Wichita

1,316.2
50.1
87.2
259.5

1,356.0
50.8
91.2
267.6

1,345.7
50.7
89.0
266.3

53.8
2.3
4.1
11.3

54.4
2.4
4.4
10.4

51.4
2.2
4.5
9.9

4.1
4.6
4.7
4.4

4.0
4.7
4.8
3.9

3.8
4.3
5.1
3.7

Kentucky
Lexington
Louisville
Owensboro

1,852.1
240.2
527.6
49.2

1,863.6
243.4
536.1
49.3

1,866.7
246.3
531.4
49.5

98.3
7.0
23.3
2.9

77.6
5.0
19.0
2.0

83.8
5.8
19.7
2.3

5.3
2.9
4.4
5.8

4.2
2.1
3.5
4.2

4.5
2.3
3.7
4.6

Louisiana
Alexandria
Baton Rouge
Houma
Lafayette
Lake Charles
Monroe
New Orleans
Shreveport-Bossier City

1,957.6
58.2
279.9
80.9
162.5
86.2
67.6
604.0
177.9

2,010.1
59.9
290.2
84.1
168.8
89.5
69.6
618.0
183.3

2,022.3
59.6
292.9
84.5
169.1
89.7
70.0
619.3
184.4

124.8
3.5
16.5
3.9
9.7
5.1
3.7
38.2
12.2

139.5
4.5
17.9
3.6
10.2
5.5
4.7
42.0
13.5

135.0
4.0
17.3
3.4
9.9
5.6
4.5
41.6
13.1

6.4
6.1
5.9
4.8
6.0
5.9
5.4
6.3
6.9

6.9
7.5
6.2
4.3
6.1
6.1
6.7
6.8
7.4

6.7
6.8
5.9
4.0
5.9
6.2
6.5
6.7
7.1

651.9
51.3
124.6

684.6
51.5
131.8

672.8
52.2
129.8

30.4
2.5
3.9

30.1
3.1
3.5

27.8
2.9
3.2

4.7
5.0
3.1

4.4
6.0
2.7

4.1
5.5
2.5

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

3,617.8
53.5
64.6
1,881.7
201.6
115.3
142.8
126.3

3,775.6
56.0
69.8
1,976.9
202.4
118.7
145.4
131.5

3,771.0
55.9
68.4
1,977.0
201.8
119.3
146.6
132.9

183.9
3.5
2.3
83.0
15.3
7.7
7.5
6.7

171.5
3.5
2.2
73.7
13.9
5.8
6.8
6.2

Hawaii
Honolulu

570.4
412.9

592.4
428.2

583.4
423.4

35.0
20.4

Idaho
Boise City

598.2
194.9

622.9
208.9

622.1
207.4

Illinois
Bloomington-Normal
Champaign-Urbana
Chicago
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island
Decatur
Kankakee
Peoria-Pekin
Rockford
Springfield

6,078.5
78.9
92.1
4,029.5
181.1
60.4
51.6
180.2
192.8
106.1

6,200.9
78.0
90.6
4,128.6
183.2
60.8
51.8
182.3
196.7
111.8

Indiana
Bloomington
Elkhart-Goshen
Evansville-Henderson
Fort Wayne
Gary
Indianapolis
Kokomo
Lafayette
Muncie
South Bend
Terre Haute

3,142.1
62.9
97.7
156.9
268.4
306.6
823.6
55.9
84.4
65.0
140.0
78.4

Iowa
Cedar Rapids
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Sioux City
Waterloo-Cedar Falls

Georgia
Albany
Athens
Atlanta
Augusta-Aiken
Columbus
Macon
Savannah

Maine
Lewiston-Auburn
Portland
See footnotes at end of table.




127

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996*

Maryland
Baltimore

2,744.1
1,284.7

2,823.0
1,326.0

2,821.5
1,322.6

141.8
74.8

131.3
69.9

Massachusetts
Bamstable-Yarmouth
Boston
Brockton
Fitchburg-Leominster
Lawrence
Lowell
New Bedford
Pittsfield
Springfield
Worcester

3,151.3
73.9
1,732.0
127.6
69.1
191.7
152.3
82.5
40.2
278.8
239.7

3,215.3
82.7
1,767.1
129.4
69.7
196.1
152.6
83.3
42.3
279.0
245.6

3,157.5
74.7
1,732.6
127.5
69.8
194.6
151.9
82.9
40.4
279.7
242.8

166.3
3.2
83.6
7.8
4.4
11.7
8.5
7.2
2.5
15.7
11.7

Michigan
Ann Arbor
Benton Harbor
Detroit
Flint
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland
Jackson
Kalamazoo-Battle-Creek
Lansing-East Lansing
Saginaw-Bay City-Midland

4,715.7
272.8
80.7
2,109.4
200.7
536.5
72.6
221.7
227.8
190.7

4,896.1
273.6
83.9
2,219.3
200.5
563.1
74.5
223.3
229.8
195.1

4,849.5
275.6
82.7
2,188.3
200.7
557.4
73.8
223.1
233.2
193.0

Minnesota
Duluth-Superior
Minneapolis-St.Paul
Rochester
St. Cloud

2,592.6
121.2
1,595.9
64.4
91.2

2,651.4
122.8
1,648.2
66.9
92.3

MISSISSIPPI

1,260.6
217.3

Sept.
1995

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

136.9
73.0

5.2
5.8

4.7
5.3

4.9
5.5

124.4
2.5
60.8
6.5
3.6
10.9
6.4
5.5
1.8
11.1
9.1

130.9
2.6
64.3
6.5
3.6
11.8
6.6
6.1
1.9
11.6
9.3

5.3
4.4
4.8
6.1
6.3
6.1
5.6
8.8
6.2
5.6
4.9

3.9
3.0
3.4
5.0
5.1
5.6
4.2
6.7
4.2
4.0
3.7

4.1
3.5
3.7
5.1
5.1
6.1
4.4
7.4
4.7
4.2
3.8

226.8
9.0
3.8
104.6
12.6
20.1
3.6
9.2
7.7
9.5

205.9
7.6
4.7
89.8
11.7
21.2
3.5
8.7
7.6
7.8

205.8
7.3
5.0
87.9
12.3
20.8
3.5
9.2
7.6
8.2

4.8
3.3
4.7
5.0
6.3
3.7
4.9
4.2
3.4
5.0

4.2
2.8
5.7
4.0
5.8
3.8
4.7
3.9
3.3
4.0

4.2
2.6
6.0
4.0
6.1
3.7
4.8
4.1
3.3
4.2

2,634.2
121.7
1,625.4
66.0
93.6

95.1
6.5
51.4
1.9
3.7

91.4
6.2
46.9
1.7
3.8

102.3
6.5
54.4
1.9
4.2

3.7
5.3
3.2
2.9
4.0

3.4
5.0
2.8
2.5
4.2

3.9
5.3
3.3
2.9
4.5

1,265.6
216.6

1,256.0
213.2

83.4
10.0

81.7
8.4

66.0
6.9

6.6
4.6

6.5
3.9

5.3
3.3

2,834.9
920.8
1,336.8
163.8

2,860.8
954.2
1,347.0
163.8

2,847.7
927.5
1,333.6
165.3

124.2
37.3
61.6
5.2

122.0
37.3
59.8
5.2

101.5
32.9
50.9
4.4

4.4
4.1
4.6
3.2

4.3
3.9
4.4
3.2

3.6
3.5
3.8
2.7

Montana

430.6

454.8

449.5

22.1

20.6

20.5

5.1

4.5

4.6

Nebraska
Lincoln
Omaha

895.9
136.6
369.7

911.8
138.8
373.6

903.8
136.9
366.2

20.9
2.9
9.5

21.7
3.0
9.1

19.2
2.7
8.2

2.3
2.1
2.6

2.4
2.2
2.4

2.1

Nevada
Las Vegas
Reno

814.6
605.4
166.5

852.2
640.5
169.0

861.7
648.0
171.3

42.1
33.3
7.0

43.4
34.3
6.9

45.3
36.1
7.2

5.2
5.5
4.2

5.1
5.4
4.1

5.3
5.6
4.2

New Hampshire
Manchester
Nashua
Portsmouth-Rochester

626.4
98.2
94.7
119.9

636.9
96.8
95.6
120.1

624.8
95.6
95.6
118.1

23.2
3.6
4.1
3.8

23.1
3.2
3.8
3.7

25.1
3.5
4.3
4.1

3.7
3.6
4.3
3.2

3.6
3.3
4.0
3.1

4.0
3.6
4.5
3.5

4,047.3
173.2
657.3
282.9
599.0
504.8
998.6
166.5
64.5

4,122.9
185.4
662.1
285.5
608.9
533.2
1,007.1
168.4
64.9

4,072.8
176.1
657.9
284.9
605.4
514.2
998.2
166.2
65.1

248.4
13.1
43.1
25.6
28.0
27.2
62.0
8.9
5.7

246.2
13.0
41.5
25.6
28.5
27.3
60.8
9.6
5.7

241.4
13.3
40.2
25.6
27.0
26.4
59.7
9.2
5.7

6.1
7.6
6.6
9.0
4.7
5.4
6.2
5.4
8.8

6.0
7.0
6.3
9.0
4.7
5.1
6.0
5.7
8.7

5.9
7.5
6.1
9.0
4.5
5.1
6.0
5.5
8.7

784.2
337.7
63.8
72.0

818.5
355.4
65.1
73.8

810.0
351.7
65.5
72.3

48.3
14.6
5.1
3.0

58.6
18.8
5.3
3.3

55.6
16.9
5.2
3.2

6.2
4.3
7.9
4.2

7.2
5.3
8.2
4.4

6.9
4.8
8.0
4.4

Jackson
Missouri
Kansas City
St. Louis LMA
Springfield

New Jersey
Atlantic-Cape May
Bergen-Passaic
Jersey City
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon ..
Monmouth-Ocean
Newark
Trenton
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton
New Mexico
Albuquerque
Las Cruces
Santa Fe
See footnotes at end of table.




128

2.0
2.2

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

489.3
19.4
4.9
26.8
5.0
1.8
3.1
55.6
282.6
256.3
6.9
21.6
16.1
6.5

6.2
5.3
4.8
5.1
5.1
4.5
5.0
5.2
7.5
8.1
5.0
4.2
5.5
4.9

6.0
4.2
3.9
5.2
4.0
4.1
4.8
4.4
7.8
8.5
4.2
3.8
4.2
4.7

5.7
4.4
4.0
4.7
4.2
4.2
5.0
4.1
7.4
8.0
4.2
3.8
4.4
4.5

153.4
3.2
26.8
19.9
13.3

141.7
2.9
25.2
17.9
12.5

4.0
3.1
3.3
3.1
2.6

4.1
3.0
3.7
3.2
2.4

3.8
2.7
3.5
2.9
2.2

9.0
1.5
1.8
1.5

8.9
1.2
1.9
2.0

8.1
1.2
1.7
1.5

2.7
3.1
2.0
2.2

2.5
2.3
2.0
3.0

2.3
2.3
1.8
2.2

5,729.2
360.8
201.0
824.7
1,117.9
801.7
479.4
171.5
77.5
85.0
57.8
315.4
288.2

261.4
15.2
9.4
35.5
53.7
24.7
18.7
6.8
4.5
5.2
3.5
14.1
19.9

248.2
14.0
9.1
31.4
52.4
23.2
20.2
6.3
4.5
4.8
3.2
13.2
15.5

260.7
15.3
9.7
32.5
56.7
24.0
20.8
6.7
4.9
4.7
3.2
13.7
15.7

4.7
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.9
3.1
4.0
4.0
6.0
6.3
6.2
4.5
6.9

4.3
3.9
4.4
3.7
4.6
2.8
4.2
3.7
5.7
5.5
5.3
4.2
5.3

4.5
4.2
4.8
3.9
5.1
3.0
4.3
3.9
6.3
5.6
5.5
4.3
5.4

1,583.9
28.0
43.4
522.6
397.7

1,582.5
27.5
42.7
523.5
389.1

68.5
1.0
2.1
17.3
15.3

61.3
.9
1.8
16.0
12.7

64.8
.9
2.0
18.0
13.4

4.4
3.7
5.1
3.4
4.0

3.9
3.2
4.2
3.1
3.2

4.1
3.4
4.6
3.4
3.4

1,662.7
154.1
84.8
956.8
160.1

1,737.5
159.0
86.5
1,006.2
166.6

1,736.4
158.2
87.8
1,000.0
165.8

75.9
7.5
5.1
35.6
6.5

84.4
7.7
6.1
38.5
7.7

81.4
7.5
5.7
37.3
7.1

4.6
4.8
6.1
3.7
4.0

4.9
4.8
7.1
3.8
4.6

4.7
4.8
6.4
3.7
4.3

5,839.5
302.9
61.7
142.7
336.5
104.1
232.7
2,402.4
1,139.6
177.8
310.4
55.3
64.0
57.4
189.3

5,975.9
312.2
64.2
142.8
351.4
107.9
242.3
2,453.9
1,160.3
183.6
317.9
55.4
62.6
58.4
194.6

5,876.9
306.7
62.6
141.6
345.0
104.2
238.0
2,416.1
1,137.8
182.3
310.9
55.2
64.2
57.6
192.1

331.7
15.9
3.3
8.7
12.2
8.2
8.1
145.3
62.5
8.2
23.2
2.5
1.9
3.8
7.9

298.7
15.8
3.0
7.6
10.5
7.3
7.4
130.3
56.0
7.1
20.4
2.1
1.7
3.3
8.3

279.8
14.9
3.0
6.9
9.8
7.2
6.4
128.4
49.8
6.7
19.2
1.8
1.6
3.1
7.4

5.7
5.2
5.4
6.1
3.6
7.9
3.5
6.0
5.5
4.6
7.5
4.5
2.9
6.6
4.2

5.0
5.1
4.7
5.3
3.0
6.8
3.0
5.3
4.8
3.9
6.4
3.8
2.8
5.6
4.3

4.8
4.8
4.8
4.9
2.8
6.9
2.7
5.3
4.4
3.7
6.2
3.3
2.4
5.5
3.9

484.9
559.5

498.3
569.2

494.2
566.4

34.0
40.5

23.7
28.8

25.1
30.6

7.0
7.2

4.7
5.1

5.1
5.4

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Binghamton
Buffalo-Niagara Falls
Dutchess County
Elmira
Glens Falls
Nassau-Suffolk
New York
New York City
Newburgh
Rochester
Syracuse
Utica-Rome

8,417.8
444.9
121.7
563.4
114.3
41.7
61.9
1,344.0
3,763.6
3,147.2
166.9
557.1
359.4
142.8

8,698.1
457.2
122.2
582.3
119.3
44.2
67.8
1,402.9
3,870.6
3,226.2
172.8
577.1
366.5
147.1

8,516.7
445.8
121.8
568.1
117.1
42.9
62.3
1,364.3
3,808.0
3,183.9
167.3
566.3
363.1
143.4

523.2
23.7
5.8
28.6
5.8
1.9
3.1
69.4
283.2
253.8
8.4
23.5
19.7
7.1

520.3
19.4
4.8
30.0
4.7
1.8
3.3
62.4
302.8
274.3
7.3
22.0
15.5
6.9

North Carolina
Asheville
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point
Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill

3,648.1
105.2
710.1
610.2
556.4

3,764.9
106.4
728.9
626.1
567.4

3,724.3
106.2
720.1
620.1
563.6

146.9
3.3
23.6
19.1
14.4

336.8
49.7
93.0
67.4

350.8
51.5
97.1
69.0

344.2
50.1
95.8
68.3

Ohio
Akron
Canton-Massillon
Cincinnati
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria
Columbus
Dayton-Springfield
Hamilton-Middletown
Lima
Mansfield
Steubenville-Weirton
Toledo
Youngstown-Warren

5,609.2
355.5
197.6
809.9
1,090.8
784.7
472.2
168.3
75.7
83.1
57.1
311.9
288.7

5,802.4
361.8
205.1
837.0
1,136.0
819.7
485.4
170.3
78.2
86.8
59.1
316.6
289.9

Oklahoma
Enid
Lawton
Oklahoma City
Tulsa

1,543.5
27.1
40.8
501.9
379.5

Oregon
Eugene-Springfield
Medford-Ashland
Portland-Vancouver
Salem
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton
Altoona
Erie
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle
Johnstown
Lancaster
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh
Reading
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton
Sharon
State College
Williamsport
York
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick
See footnotes at end of table.




Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Sept.
1995

North Dakota
Bismarck
Fargo-Moorhead
Grand Forks

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area

129

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

1,883.6
247.2
260.7
479.8

1,884.3
247.8
263.9
485.2

1,865.5
243.8
260.8
480.7

98.7
13.2
9.2
16.0

111.7
14.2
9.3
21.2

384.7
44.3
90.5

399.4
46.0
95.4

390.3
44.3
93.1

9.7
1.2
1.7

Tennessee
Chattanooga
Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol
Knoxville
Memphis
Nashville

2,747.1
221.7
231.3
345.5
532.8
619.3

2,775.8
222.0
230.7
346.8
537.5
632.6

2,776.7
221.7
230.5
344.2
541.3
631.2

Texas
Abilene
Amarillo
Austin-San Marcos
Beaumont-Port Arthur
Brazoria
Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito
Bryan-College Station
Corpus Christi
Dallas
El Paso
Fort Worth-Arlington
Galveston-Texas City
Houston
Killeen-Temple
Laredo
Longview-Marshall
Lubbock
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission
Odessa-Midland
San Angelo
San Antonio
Sherman-Denison
Texarkana
Tyler
Victoria
Waco
Wichita Falls

9,597.3
59.7
111.0
616.8
182.0
105.4
121.6
70.0
175.2
1,721.6
286.8
820.4
126.7
1,986.4
111.5
70.2
101.7
119.6
180.8
119.3
50.2
722.7
48.6
57.0
84.8
41.8
100.9
65.1

9,738.7
58.5
113.9
625.9
181.6
104.1
125.9
67.1
177.9
1,765.8
288.2
840.4
128.5
2,008.8
115.1
66.6
102.5
123.9
180.7
121.3
49.4
731.5
48.3
57.5
85.2
41.4
101.3
66.0

Utah
Provo-Orem
Salt Lake City-Odgen

981.1
147.1
630.1

Vermont
Burlington

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

113.5
13.9
9.6
20.5

5.2
5.3
3.5
3.3

5.9
5.7
3.5
4.4

6.1
5.7
3.7
4.3

11.5
1.2
1.7

9.9
1.2
1.7

2.5
2.7
1.9

2.9
2.5
1.8

2.5
2.6
1.8

142.0
11.0
11.9
13.1
27.5
23.1

128.4
9.2
9.9
11.6
22.1
20.8

119.5
8.6
9.2
10.6
21.1
18.8

5.2
5.0
5.1
3.8
5.2
3.7

4.6
4.1
4.3
3.4
4.1
3.3

4.3
3.9
4.0
3.1
3.9
3.0

9,682.0
59.2
113.1
634.4
180.0
104.4
123.3
70.1
176.4
1,752.4
284.9
832.8
125.7
1,992.5
114.2
66.3
101.6
122.1
180.5
120.3
49.0
727.9
48.2
57.2
84.2
41.2
100.8
66.0

577.9
3.0
4.4
18.5
18.2
8.1
15.1
2.0
16.3
81.4
30.0
39.3
9.4
117.2
5.5
11.2
7.8
4.5
35.0
7.3
2.2
32.9
2.4
4.5
5.4
2.5
4.7
2.9

548.4
2.9
4.3
18.8
17.0
7.3
15.0
1.7
156
71.0
34.9
32.3
10.7
108.3
5.5
8.1
8.0
4.9
33.4
7.0
1.7
32.7
2.1
4.2
6.0
2.0
4.6
3.0

514.4
2.6
4.1
19.0
15.8
6.9
13.7
1.5
14.4
67.1
33.3
30.1
10.1
101.4
5.2
7.6
7.6
4.2
32.2
6.4
1.7
30.0
2.0
4.1
5.6
2.0
3.9
2.8

6.0
5.1
3.9
3.0
10.0
7.7
12.4
2.9
9.3
4.7
10.5
4.8
7.4
5.9
4.9
15.9
7.6
3.7
19.4
6.1
4.3
4.6
4.9
7.9
6.4
6.0
4.6
4.4

5.6
4.9
3.8
3.0
9.4
7.0
11.9
2.5
8.8
4.0
12.1
3.8
8.4
5.4
4.8
12.1
7.8
4.0
18.5
5.8
3.4
4.5
4.4
7.3
7.1
4.9
4.6
4.6

5.3
4.4
3.7
3.0
8.8
6.6
11.1
2.2
8.1
3.8
11.7
3.6
8.0
5.1
4.5
11.4
7.5
3.5
17.9
5.3
3.4
4.1
4.1
7.3
6.7
4.8
3.9
4.3

1,028.5
151.0
663.6

1,021.6
153.2
656.6

33.5
4.1
20.4

32.8
4.3
19.8

30.3
4.0
18.5

3.4
2.8
3.2

3.2
2.8
3.0

3.0
2.6
2.8

322.9
95.8

324.9
93.7

328.7
96.2

12.0
2.7

12.3
2.7

12.7
2.8

3.7
2.8

3.8
2.9

3.9
2.9

Virginia
Charlottesville
Danville
Lynchburg
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
Richmond-Petersburg
Roanoke

3,488.4
71.6
59.4
105.9
727.7
504.2
129.7

3,530.4
73.9
58.6
107.4
730.3
514.9
132.4

3,463.5
74.4
57.9
105.1
717.0
505.7
129.1

158.7
1.7
4.7
3.7
35.7
19.8
3.8

143.6
1.7
4.1
3.6
33.3
18.9
3.5

146.7
1.7
3.8
3.4
34.6
19.9
3.6

4.5
2.4
8.0
3.5
4.9
3.9
2.9

4.1
2.3
6.9
3.3
4.6
3.7
2.6

4.2
2.3
6.5
3.2
4.8
3.9
2.8

Washington
Spokane
Tacoma
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett

2,803.8
196.4
308.2
1,222.7

2,883.7
198.3
315.5
1,281.9

2,853.6
196.0
308.9
1,261.8

151.8
9.0
17.2
59.6

149.8
8.9
16.1
51.7

143.1
8.7
15.6
51.1

5.4
4.6
5.6
4.9

5.2
4.5
5.1
4.0

5.0
4.4
5.0
4.1

South Carolina
Charleston-North Charleston
Columbia
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson
South Dakota
Rapid City
Sioux Falls

See footnotes at end of table.




130

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

STATE AND AREA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
C-3. Labor force status by State and selected metropolitan areas—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force

Sept.
1995

West Virginia
Charleston
Huntington-Ashland
Parkersburg-Marietta
Wheeling
Wisconsin
Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah
Eau Claire
Green Bay
Janesville-Beloit
Kenosha
La Crosse
Madison
Milwaukee-Waukesha
Racine
Sheboygan
Wausau
Wyoming
Casper
Puerto Rico
Caguas
Mayaguez
Ponce
San Juan-Bayamon
1
Not available.
P = preliminary.




Percent of
labor force

Number

State and area
Aug.
1996

792.3
127.9
134.9
76.7
70.2

807.0

2,853.7
216.7
76.0
126.6
80.0
75.8

69.5
249.0
779.4

Sept.

132.7

803.0
131.9

139.2
77.4
72.4

138.2
76.4
70.3

2,946.1
222.9
76.6

2,897.2
219.5
76.8
129.4
81.0

132.1
82.6

75.1
69.2
256.4
799.2

73.9

61.6
70.4

96.0
65.6
72.8

68.8
254.6
783.9
93.5
63.7
71.5

257.8
32.9

260.5
32.5

258.4
32.3

0)
V)

0

92.4

1,233.6
106.5
89.6

105.2
667.7

()
0)
O

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

Sept.
1995

Aug.
1996

Sept.
1996P

56.9
7.0
9.7
4.9
3.8

52.1
6.0
8.1
4.1
3.1

51.9
6.1
8.0
4.2
3.0

7.2
5.5
7.2
6.4
5.4

6.5
4.5
5.9
5.2
4.3

6.5
4.7
5.8
5.4
4.3

88.6
6.1
2.1
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.0
3.8
26.6
3.5
1.7
2.4

91.4
5.4
2.4
3.6
2.7
2.6
1.8
3.7
28.7
3.9
1.8
2.2

79.4
4.8
1.9
3.1
2.5
2.2
1.5
3.5
25.1
3.1
1.5
1.8

3.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.8
3.6
2.9
1.5
3.4
3.8
2.8
3.5

3.1
2.4
3.1
2.7
3.3
3.4
2.5
1.5
3.6
4.0
2.8
3.0

2.7
2.2
2.5
2.4
3.1
2.9
2.2
1.4
3.2
3.4
2.3
2.5

10.1
1.7

10.4
1.7

10.0
1.7

3.9
5.2

4.0
5.3

3.9
5.4

175.5
14.3
14.0
18.5
79.1

0

14.2
13.5
15.7
17.6
11.9

()

()

0
O

V)
V)
0

NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. All estimates are provisional and will
be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.

131

Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error

Introduction
information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which
have a differential effect on the levels and trends of the
two data series are as follows.

The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two
major sources: (1) household interviews, and (2) reports
from employers.
Data based on household interviews are obtained from
the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of
the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the
Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data
on the labor force, the employed, and the unemployed, classified by such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment.
The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past
work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of
about 50,000 households (beginning with January 1996 data)
located in 754 sample areas. These areas are chosen to represent all counties and independent cities in the U.S., with
coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data
collected are based on the activity or status reported for the
calendar week including the 12th of the month.
Data based on establishment records are compiled each
month from mail questionnaires and telephone interviews
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies. The Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey is designed to provide industry information on nonfarm wage and salary employment, average weekly hours,
average hourly earnings, and average weekly earnings for
the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment,
hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from
a sample of about 390,000 establishments employing over
47 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or part time, who receive pay during
the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month.

Employment
Coverage. The household survey definition of employment
comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics
and other private household workers), self-employed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more
during the reference week in family-operated enterprises.
Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and
salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments.
Multiple jobholding. The household survey provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once. In the figures
based on establishment reports, persons who worked in more
than one establishment during the reporting period are
counted each time their names appear on payrolls.
Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes
among the employed all civilians who had jobs but were
not at work during the reference week—that is, were not
working but had jobs from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, vacation, bad weather, childcare
problems, labor-management disputes, or because they were
taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were
not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures
based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the
company are included, but those on leave without pay for
the entire payroll period are not.

RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND
ESTABLISHMENT SERIES
The household and establishment data complement one
another, each providing significant types of information that
the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics,
for example, are obtained only from the household survey,
whereas detailed industrial classifications are much more
reliably derived from establishment reports.
Data from these two sources differ from each other because of variations in definitions and coverage, source of




Hours of work
The household survey measures hours worked for all
workers whereas the payroll survey measures hours for private production and nonsupervisory workers paid for by
employers. In the household survey, all persons with a job
but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions
and the computations of average hours at work. In the pay133

roll survey, production or nonsupervisory employees on paid
vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and
assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period.
Earnings
The household survey measures the earnings of wage
and salary workers in all occupations and industries in both
the private and public sectors. Data refer to the usual earnings received from the worker's sole or primary job. Data
from the establishment survey generally refer to average
earnings of production and related workers in mining and
manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and
nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries. For a comprehensive discussion of the various
earnings series available from the household and establishment surveys, see BLS Measures of Compensation, BLS
Bulletin 2239 (1986).

Agricultural employment estimates of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are
the inclusion of persons under 16 in the National Agricultural Statistics Service series and the treatment of dual jobholders, who are counted more than once if they work on
more than one farm during the reporting period. There are
also wide differences in sampling techniques and data collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily
measured in terms of their impact on differences in the levels and trends of the two series.
COMPARABILITY OF PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT
DATA WITH OTHER SERIES
Statistics on manufacturers and business, Bureau of the
Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the
Census from its censuses or sample surveys of manufacturing and business establishments. The major reasons for
noncomparability are different treatment of business units
considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units; the industrial classification of establishments; and different reporting patterns
by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the
scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and
financial establishments, whereas these are included in the
BLS statistics.

COMPARABILITY OF HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH
OTHER SERIES
Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from
the household survey includes all persons who did not have
a job during the reference week, were currently available
for a job, and were looking for work or were waiting to be
called back to a job from which they had been laid off,
whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared
by the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor, exclude, in addition to otherwise ineligible persons who do not file claims for benefits, persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers
who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance,
and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (some workers in agriculture, domestic
services, and religious organizations, and self-employed and
unpaid family workers).
In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment
compensation differ from the definition of unemployment
used in the household survey. For example, persons with a
job but not at work and persons working only a few hours
during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment
compensation but are classified as employed rather than
unemployed in the household survey.
For an examination of the similarities and differences
between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring Total and State Insured Unemploy-




ment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 1971 issue of the
Monthly Labor Review.

County Business Patterns, Bureau of the Census. Data in
County Business Patterns (CBP) differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise
because of industrial classification and reporting practices.
In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and most of
government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the
nonprofit agencies.
Employment covered by State unemployment insurance
programs. Most nonfarm wage and salary workers are
covered by the unemployment insurance programs.
However, some employees, such as those working in
parochial schools and churches, are not covered by
unemployment insurance, whereas they are included in the
BLS establishment statistics.

134

Household Data
("A" tables, monthly; "D" tables, quarterly)

COLLECTION AND COVERAGE

nity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they
were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs.
Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or
she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation
and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted
in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours
during the reference week.
Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living
on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose
only activity consisted of work around their own house
(painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer
work for religious, charitable, and other organizations.

Statistics on the employment status of the population and
related data are compiled by BLS using data from the Current Population Survey (CPS).This monthly survey of households is conducted for BLS by the Bureau of the Census
through a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents
are interviewed to obtain information about the employment
status of each member of the household 16 years of age and
over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the
12th day of the month. This is known as the "reference week."
Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week,
referred to as the "survey week."
Each month about 50,000 occupied units are eligible for
interview. Some 3,200 of these households are contacted but
interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not at
home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons.
This represents a noninterview rate for the survey that ranges
between 6 and 7 percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied
units, there are about 9,000 sample units in an average month
which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not
eligible for enumeration. Part of the sample is changed each
month. The rotation plan, as will be explained later, provides
for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month
to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month
a year earlier.

Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4-week-period ending
with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be
recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not
have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the
number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.

CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
have been modified, but not substantially altered, since the
inception of the survey in 1940; those in use as of January
1994 are as follows:
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g.,
penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged), and who
are not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and
(b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of
vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, mater-




Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify
as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for
work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary
jobs, who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4)
Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of
the labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5)
New entrants, persons who never worked. Each of these
five categories of the unemployed can be expressed as a
proportion of the entire civilian labor force; the sum of the
four rates thus equals the unemployment rate for all civilian
135

workers. (For statistical presentation purposes, "job losers"
and "persons who completed temporary jobs" are combined
into a single category until seasonal adjustments can be developed for the separate categories.)
Jobseekers. All unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job sometime during the 4-week period preceding the survey week are classified as jobseekers.
Jobseekers do not include persons classified as on temporary layoff, who although often looking for work, are not
required to do so to be classified as unemployed. Jobseekers
are grouped by the methods used to seek work. Only active
methods—which have the potential to result in a job offer
without further action on the part of the jobseeker—qualify
as job search. Examples include going to an employer directly or to a public or private employment agency, seeking
assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering
ads, or using some other active method. Examples of the
"other" category include being on a union or professional
register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated labor pickup point. Passive
methods, which do not qualify as job search, include reading (as opposed to answering or placing) "help wanted" ads
and taking a job training course.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria
described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Not in the laborforce. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Information is collected on their
desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the
CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking in the 4 week period prior to the survey
week. This group includes discouraged workers, defined as
persons not in the labor force who want and are available
for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the
past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held
one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there
are none for which they would qualify.
Persons classified as not in the labor force who are in the
sample for either their fourth or eighth month are asked
additional questions relating to job history and workseeking
intentions. These latter data are available on a quarterly basis.




136

Occupation, industry, and class of worker. This information
for the employed applies to the job held in the reference
week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the
job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The
unemployed are classified according to their last job. The
occupational and industrial classification of CPS data is
based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census.
The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the
following categories: Private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family
workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary,
commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer
or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated self-employed
are included in the self-employed category in the class of
worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond that
their businesses are incorporated are included among wage
and salary workers, because technically, they are paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a
farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage.
Multiple jobholders. These are employed persons who, during the reference week, had either two or more jobs as a
wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held a
wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker
and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed
only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.)
who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are selfemployed persons with multiple businesses and persons with
multiple jobs as unpaid family workers.
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on
the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32
hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the published figures
relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the
week; all the hours are credited to the major job. Unpublished data are available for the hours worked in each job
and for usual hours.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred
to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours
during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack
work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find
full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who
usually work part time must also indicate that they want and
are available to work full time to be classified as on part
time for economic reasons.

At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were
at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and
being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours.
The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not
want to work full time or were unavailable for such work.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons "at work"
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job
and therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category,
"with a job but not at work." These are persons who were
absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons
as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor
dispute. In order to differentiate a person's normal schedule
from their activity during the reference week, persons are
also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually
worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group
will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work less
than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. This may include some individuals who actually worked more than 34
hours in the reference week, as well as those who are temporarily absent from work. Thefull-time laborforce includes
all employed persons who usually work full time and unemployed persons who are either looking for full-time work or
are on layoff from full-time jobs. The part-time labor force
consists of employed persons who usually work part time
and unemployed persons who are seeking or are on layoff
from part-time jobs. Unemployment rates for full- and parttime workers are calculated using the concepts of the fulland part-time labor force.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe
the race of persons. Included in the "other" group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size, data for
"other" races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any
race; thus they are included in both the white and black population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans. These are persons who served in the




Armed Forces of the United States between August 5,1964,
and May 7, 1975. Published data are limited to men in the
civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are persons who
never served in the Armed Forces.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before taxes
and other deductions, and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the
case of multiple jobholders.) Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly (e.g., annual, monthly, hourly) are converted to weekly. The term "usual" is as perceived by the
respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition of usual,
interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than
half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. Data
refer to wage and salary workers (excluding self-employed
persons who respond that their business's were incorporated)
who usually work full time on their sole or primary job.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value which
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians as shown in this publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50 centered interval within which each median falls. Data expressed
in constant dollars are deflated by the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other
marital status. These are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married,
spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were
living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent relates to persons who are separated due to marital
problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart
because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty
with the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Household. A household consists of all persons—related
family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an
apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as
a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as
separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one
of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or
rented. The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or
adoption; all such persons are considered as members of one
family. Families are classified either as married-couple fami137

lies or as families maintained by women or men without
spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one in
which the householder is either single, widowed, divorced,
or married, spouse absent. Data on the earnings of families
exclude all those in which there is no wage or salary earner
or in which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining
the family is either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.

Gordon Committee). The principal improvements were as
follows:
a) A 4-week job search period and specific questions on
jobseeking activity were introduced. Previously, the questionnaire was ambiguous as to the time period for jobseeking
and there were no specific questions concerning job-search
methods.

HISTORICAL COMPARABILITY
b) An availability test was introduced whereby a person
must be currently available for work in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, there was no such requirement. This revision to the concept mainly affected students,
who, for example, may begin to look for summer jobs in the
spring although they will not be available until June or July.
Such persons, until 1967, had been classified as unemployed
but since have been assigned to the "not in the labor force"
category.

Changes in concepts and methods
While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940,
a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Some of the
most important changes include:
• In 1945, the questionnaire was radically changed with
the introduction of four basic employment questions. Prior
to that time, the survey did not contain specific question
wording, but rather relied on a complicated scheme of activity prioritization.

c) Persons "with a job but not at work" because of strikes,
bad weather, etc., who volunteered that they were looking
for work, were shifted from unemployed status to employed.

• In 1953, the current 4-8-4 rotation system was adopted,
whereby households are interviewed for 4 consecutive
months, leave the sample for 8 months, and then return to
the sample for the same 4 months of the following year.
Before this system was introduced, households were interviewed for 6 consecutive months and then replaced. The new
system provided some year-to-year overlap in the sample,
thereby improving measurement over time.

d) The lower age limit for official statistics on employment, unemployment, and other labor force concepts was
raised from 14 to 16 years. Historical data for most major
series have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the new minimum age limit.
e) New questions were added to obtain additional information on persons not in the labor force, including those
referred to as "discouraged workers," defined as persons who
indicate that they want a job but are not currently looking
because they believe there are no jobs available or none for
which they would qualify.

• In 1955, the survey reference week was changed to the
calendar week including the 12th day of the month, for
greater consistency with the reference period used for other
labor-related statistics. Previously, the calendar week containing the 8th day of the month had been used as the reference week.

f) New "probing" questions were added to the questionnaire in order to increase the reliability of information on
hours of work, duration of unemployment, and self-employment.

• In 1957, the employment definition was modified slightly
as a result of a comprehensive interagency review of labor
force concepts and methods. Two relatively small groups of
persons classified as employed, under "with a job but not at
work," were assigned to different classifications. Persons on
layoff with definite instructions to return to work within 30
days of the layoff date, and persons volunteering that they were
waiting to start a new wage and salary job within 30 days of
interview, were, for the most part, reassigned to the unemployed classification. The only exception was the small subgroup in school during the reference week but waiting to start
new jobs, which was transferred to not in the labor force.

• In 1994, major changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) were introduced, which included a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted
interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were
revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of some changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also
known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major
changes to the survey were:

• In 1967, more substantive changes were made as a result of the recommendations of the President's Committee
to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics (the

a) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in
order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant




138

information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques.
b) The addition of two, more objective, criteria to the definition of discouraged workers. Prior to 1994, to be classified as a discouraged worker, a person must have wanted a
job and be reported as not currently looking because of a
belief that no jobs were available or that there were none for
which he or she would qualify. Beginning in 1994, persons
classified as discouraged must also have looked for a job
within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked
during the year), and must have been available for work
during the reference week (a direct question on availability
was added in 1994; prior to 1994, availability had been inferred from responses to other questions). These changes
were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous definition of discouraged workers was too subjective,
relying mainly on an individual's stated desire for a job and
not on prior testing of the labor market.
c) Similarly, the identification of persons employed part
time for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in
the reference week because of poor business conditions or
because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened
by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work
part time: They must want and be available for full-time
work. Previously, such information was inferred. (Persons
who usually work full time but worked part time for an economic reason during the reference week are assumed to meet
these criteria.)

• Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing data from
the 1950 census into the estimating procedures, population
levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment were increased by
about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and
men; other categories were relatively unaffected.
• Beginning in 1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii
resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population
and about 300,000 in the labor force. Four-fifths of this increase was in nonagricultural employment; other labor force
categories were not appreciably affected.
• Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data from the
1960 census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged.
• Beginning in 1972, information from the 1970 census
was introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
• In March 1973, a subsequent population adjustment
based on the 1970 census was introduced. This adjustment,
which affected the white and black-and-other groups but had
little effect on totals, resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same
magnitude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor
force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser
degree; the white labor force was reduced by 150,000, and
the black-and-other labor force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected.

d) Specific questions were added about the expectation
of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To
be classified as "on temporary layoff," persons must expect
to be recalled to their jobs. Previously, the questionnaire did
not include explicit questions about the expectation of recall.
e) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a
new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the 4
weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Previously, such persons did not have to meet the
job-search requirement in order to be included among the
unemployed.

• Beginning in January 1974, the method used to prepare
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an "inflation-deflation" approach.
This change in the derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-year old men—particularly those of the black-and-other population—but had little
effect on estimates of the total population 16 years and over.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears
in "CPS Population Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation," in the February 1974 issue of
this publication.

For additional information on changes in CPS concepts
and methods, see Concepts and Methods used in Labor
Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population
Survey, BLS Report 463, October 1976 and "Overhauling
the Current Population Survey—Why is it Necessary to
Change?," "Redesigning the Questionnaire," and "Evaluating Changes in the Estimates," Monthly Labor Review,
September 1993, and "Revisions in the Current Population
Survey Effective January 1994," in the February 1994 issue of this publication.




Noncomparability of labor force levels
In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and
methods made over the years, other changes have also affected the comparability of the labor force data.

• Effective in July 1975, as a result of the large inflow of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and

139

black-and-other independent population controls for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,000 —
(30,000 men and 46,000 women). The addition of the refugees increased the black-and-other population by less than
1 percent in any age-sex group, with all of the changes being confined to the "other'* component of the population.
• Beginning in January 1978, the introduction of an
expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation
procedures resulted in an increase of about 250,000 in the
civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment
levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation
of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in
January 1978" in the February 1978 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in October 1978, the race of the individual
was determined by the household respondent for the
incoming rotation group households, rather than by the
interviewer as before. The purpose of this change was to
provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race.
Thus, in October 1978, one-eighth of the sample households
had race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households had race determined by
interviewer observation. It was not until January 1980 that
the entire sample had race determined by the household
respondent. The new procedure had no significant effect on
the estimates.
• Beginning in January 1979, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences between the old and new procedures existed only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not for the total United States. The reasoning behind
the change and an indication of the differences appear in
"Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January
1979" in the February 1979 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio adjustment method was changed. The purpose of the change
and an indication of its effect on national estimates of labor
force characteristics appear in "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982" in the February 1982 issue of this publication. In addition, current
population estimates used in the second-stage estimation
procedure were derived from information obtained from the
1980 census, rather than the 1970 census. This change caused
substantial increases in the total population and in the estimates of persons in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force characteristics, however, remained virtually unchanged. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjusted back
to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The adjustment
procedure used also is described in the February 1982
article cited above. The revisions did not, however, smooth
out the breaks in series occurring between 1972 and 1979
(described above), and data users should consider them when
comparing estimates from different periods.




140

• Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio adjustment method was updated to incorporate data from the 1980
census. The purpose of the change and an indication of its
effect on national estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in the February 1983 issue of this
publication. There were only slight differences between the
old and new procedures in estimates of levels for the various labor force characteristics and virtually no differences
in estimates of participation rates.
• Beginning in January 1985, most of the steps of the
CPS estimation procedure—the noninterview adjustment,
the first- and second-stage ratio adjustments, and the composite estimator—were revised. These procedures are described in the Estimating Methods section. A description of
the changes and an indication of their effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in "Changes
in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1985" in the February 1985 issue
of this publication. Overall, the revisions had only a slight
effect on most estimates. The greatest impact was on estimates of persons of Hispanic origin. Major estimates were
revised back to January 1980.
• Beginning in January 1986, the population controls used
in the second-stage ratio adjustment method were revised
to reflect an explicit estimate of the number of undocumented
immigrants (largely Hispanic) since 1980 and an improved
estimate of the number of emigrants among legal foreignborn residents for the same time period. As a result, the
total civilian population and labor force estimates were raised
by nearly 400,000; civilian employment was increased by
about 350,000. The Hispanic-origin population and labor
force estimates were raised by about 425,000 and 305,000,
respectively, and Hispanic employment by 270,000. Overall and subgroup unemployment levels and rates were not
significantly affected. Because of the magnitude of the adjustments for Hispanics, data were revised back to January 1980 to the extent possible. An explanation of the changes
and their effect on estimates of labor force characteristics
appear in "Changes in the Estimation Procedure in the Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1986" in the
February 1986 issue of this publication.
• Beginning in August 1989, the second-stage ratio estimate cells were changed slightly to decrease the chance of
very small cells occurring and to be more consistent with
published age, sex, race cells. This change had virtually no
effect on national estimates.
• Beginning in January 1994, 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount, were
introduced into the second stage estimation procedure. This
change resulted in substantial increases in total population
and in all major labor force categories. Effective February
1996, these controls were introduced into the estimates for

1990-93. Under the new population controls, the civilian
noninstitutional population for 1990 increased by about 1.1
million, employment by about 880,000, and unemployment
by approximately 175,000. The overall unemployment rate
rose by about 0.1 percentage point. For further information,
see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey Effective
January 1994," and "Revisions in Household Survey Data
Effective February 1996" in the February 1994 and March
1996 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Additionally, for the period January through May 1994,
the composite estimation procedure was suspended due to
technical and logistical reasons.
Changes in the occupational and industrial
classification system
Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occupational
employment data was affected as a result of changes in the
occupational classification system for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. Comparability was further
affected in December 1971, when a question relating to major
activity or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational
classification of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior years nor
between those 2 years. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. For a further explanation of the changes
in the occupational classification system, see "Revisions in
Occupational Classifications for 1971" and "Revisions in
the Current Population Survey" in the February 1971 and
February 1972 issues, respectively, of this publication.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were
introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system evolved from the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system and was so radically different
in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that
comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments. For example, the 1980 major group "sales
occupations" is substantially larger than the 1970 category
"sales workers." Major additions include "cashiers" from
"clerical workers" and some self-employed proprietors in
retail trade establishments from "managers and administrators, except farm."
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of
the new system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. The most notable changes from the 1970 system were
the transfer of farm equipment storesfrom"retail" to "wholesale" trade, postal service from "public administration" to
"transportation," and some interchange between "professional and related services" and "public administration."
Additional information on the 1980 census occupational and
industrial classification systems appears in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Beginning in January 1983" in




141

the February 1983 issue of this publication.
Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. (These systems were largely based on
the 1980 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) and
1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) systems, respectively.) There were a few breaks in comparability between
the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within
the "technical, sales, and administrative support" categories.
The most notable changes in industry classification were the
shift of several industries from "business services" to "professional services" and the splitting of some industries into
smaller, more detailed categories. A number of industry titles
were changed as well, with no change in content.
Sampling
Since the inception of the survey, there have been various
changes in the design of the CPS sample. The sample is traditionally redesigned and a new sample selected after each
decennial census. Also, the number of sample areas and the
number of sample persons are changed occasionally. Most
of these changes are made in order to improve the efficiency
of the sample design, increase the reliability of the sample
estimates, or control cost.
Changes in this regard since 1960 are as follows: When
Alaska and Hawaii received statehood in 1959 and 1960,
respectively, three sample areas were added to the existing
sample to account for the population of these States. In January 1978, a supplemental sample of 9,000 housing units, selected in 24 States and the District of Columbia, was designed to provide more reliable annual average estimates
for States. In October 1978, a coverage improvement sample
of approximately 450 sample household units representing
237,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units was added. In January 1980, another
supplemental sample of 9,000 households selected in 32
States and the District of Columbia was added. A sample
reduction of about 6,000 units was implemented in May
1981. In January 1982, the sample was expanded by 100
households to provide additional coverage in counties added
to the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's),
which were redefined in 1973. In January 1985, a new Statebased CPS sample was selected based on 1980 census information. A sample reduction of about 4,000 households was
implemented in April 1988; they were reinstated during the
8-month period, April-November 1989. A redesigned CPS
sample based on the 1990 decennial census was selected for
use during the 1990's. Households from this new sample
were phased into the CPS between April 1994 and July 1995.
The July 1995 sample was the first monthly sample based
entirely on the 1990 census. For further information on the
1990 sample redesign, see "Redesign of the Sample for the
Current Population Survey" in the May 1994 issue of this
publication.
The original 1990 census-based sample design included
about 66,000 housing units per month located in 792 se-

lected geographic areas called primary sampling units
(PSU's). The sample was initially selected to meet specific
reliability criteria for the Nation, for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia, and for the sub-State areas of
New York City and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area. In 1996, the original sample design reliability criteria were modified to reduce costs. The current criteria,
given below, are based on the coefficient of variation (CV)
of the unemployment level, where the CV is defined as the
standard error of the estimate divided by the estimate, expressed as a percentage. These CV controls assume a 6-percent unemployment rate to establish a consistent specification of sampling error.
The current sample design, introduced in January 1996,
includes about 59,000 households from 754 sample areas
and maintains a 1.9-percent CV on national monthly estimates of unemployment level. This translates into a change
of 0.2 percentage point in the unemployment rate being significant at a 90-percent confidence level. For each of the
fifty States and for the District of Columbia, the design maintains a CV of at most 8-percent on the annual average estimate of unemployment level, assuming a 6-percent unemployment rate. Due to the national reliability criterion, estimates for several large States are substantially more reliable than the State design criterion requires. Annual average unemployment estimates for California, Florida, New
York, and Texas, for example, carry a CV of less than 4
percent.
In the first stage of sampling, the 754 sample areas are
chosen. In the second stage, ultimate sampling unit clusters
composed of about four housing units each are selected. Each
month, about 59,000 housing units are assigned for data
collection, of which about 50,000 are occupied and thus eligible for interview. The remainder are units found to be destroyed, vacant, converted to nonresidential use, containing
persons whose usual place of residence is elsewhere, or ineligible for other reasons. Of the 50,000 housing units, about
6.5 percent are not interviewed in a given month due to temporary absence (vacation, etc.), other failures to make contact after repeated attempts, inability of persons contacted
to respond, unavailability for other reasons, and refusals to
cooperate (about half of the noninterviews). Information is
obtained each month for about 94,000 persons 16 years of
age or older.
Selection of sample areas. The entire area of the United
States, consisting of 3,141 counties and independent cities,
is divided into 2,007 sample units (PSU's). In most States, a
PSU consists of a county or a number of contiguous counties. In New England and Hawaii, minor civil divisions are
used instead of counties.
Metropolitan areas within a State are used as a basis for
forming PSU's. Outside of metropolitan areas, counties normally are combined except when the geographic area of an
individual county is too large. Combining counties to form
PSU's provides greater heterogeneity; a typical PSU includes




urban and rural residents of both high and low economic
levels and encompasses, to the extent feasible, diverse occupations and industries. Another important consideration
is that the PSU be sufficiently compact so that, with a small
sample spread throughout, it can be efficiently canvassed
without undue travel cost.
The 2,007 PSU's are grouped into strata within each State.
Then one PSU is selected from each stratum with the probability of selection proportional to the population of the PSU.
Nationally, there are a total of 428 PSU's in strata by themselves. These strata are self-representing and are generally
the most populous PSU's in each State. The 326 remaining
strata are formed by combining PSU's that are similar in
such characteristics as unemployment, proportion of housing units with three or more persons, number of persons employed in various industries, and average monthly wages
for various industries. The single PSU randomly selected
from each of these strata is non-self-representing because it
represents not only itself but the entire stratum. The probability of selecting a particular PSU in a non-self-representing stratum is proportional to its 1990 population. For example, within a stratum, the chance that a PSU with a population of 50,000 would be selected for the sample is twice
that for a PSU having a population of 25,000.
Selection of sample households. Because the sample design
is State based, the sampling ratio differs by State and depends on State population size as well as both national and
State reliability requirements. The State sampling ratios
range roughly from 1 in every 100 households to 1 in every
3,000 households. The sampling ratio occasionally is modified slightly to hold the size of the sample relatively constant given the overall growth of the population. The sampling ratio used within a sample PSU depends on the probability of selection of the PSU and the sampling ratio for the
State. In a sample PSU with a probability of selection of 1 in
10 and a State sampling ratio of 3,000, a within-PSU sampling ratio of 1 in 300 achieves the desired ratio of 1 in 3,000
for the stratum.
The 1990 within-PSU sample design was developed using block-level data from the 1990 census. (The 1990 census was the first decennial census that produced data at the
block level for the entire country.) Normally, census blocks
are bounded by streets and other prominent physical features such as rivers or railroad tracks. County, Minor Civil
Division, and census place limits also serve as block boundaries. In cities, blocks can be bounded by four streets and be
quite small in land area. In rural areas, blocks can be several
square miles in size.
For the purpose of sample selection, census blocks were
grouped into three strata: Unit, group quarters, and area.
(Occasionally, units within a block were split between the
unit and group quarters strata.) The unit stratum contained
regular housing units with addresses that were easy to locate (e.g. most single family homes, townhouses, condominiums, apartment units, and mobil homes). The group
142

the addition of newly built housing units compensates for
the loss of "old" units which may be abandoned, demolished, or converted to nonresidential use.

quarters stratum contained housing units where residents
shared common facilities or received formal or authorized
care or custody. Unit and group quarters blocks exist primarily in urban areas. The area stratum contains blocks
with addresses that are more difficult to locate. Area blocks
exist primarily in rural areas.
To reduce the variability of the survey estimates and to
ensure that the within-PSU sample would reflect the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the PSU, blocks
within the unit, group quarters, and area strata were sorted
using geographic and block-level data from the census.
Examples of the census variables used for sorting include
proportion of minority renter-occupied housing units, proportion of housing units with female householders, and proportion of owner-occupied housing units. The specific sorting variables used differed by type of PSU (urban or rural)
and stratum.
Within each block, housing units were sorted geographically and grouped into clusters of approximately four units.
A systematic sample of these clusters was then selected independentlyfromeach stratum using the appropriate withinPSU sampling ratio. The geographic clustering of the sample
units reduces field representative travel costs. Prior to interviewing, special listing procedures are used to locate the
particular sample addresses in the group quarters and area
blocks.
Units in the three strata described above all existed at the
time of the 1990 decennial census. Through a series of additional procedures, a sample of building permits is included
in the CPS to represent housing units built after the decennial census. Adding these newly built units keeps the sample
up-to-date and representative of the population. It also helps
to keep the sample size stable: over the life of the sample,

Rotation of sample. Part of the sample is changed each
month. Each monthly sample is divided into eight representative subsamples or rotation groups. A given rotation group
is interviewed for a total of 8 months, divided into two equal
periods. It is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves
the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns
for another 4 consecutive months. In each monthly sample,
one of the eight rotation groups is in the first month of enumeration, another rotation group is in the second month, and
so on. Under this system, 75 percent of the sample is common from month to month and 50 percent from year to year
for the same month. This procedure provides a substantial
amount of month-to-month and year-to-year overlap in the
sample, thus providing better estimates of change and reducing discontinuities in the series of data without burdening any specific group of households with an unduly long
period of inquiry.
CPS sample, 1947 to present. Table 1-A provides a description of some aspects of the CPS sample designs in use since
1947. A more detailed account of the history of the CPS
sample design appears in The Current Population Survey:
Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau
of the Census, or Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force
Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, Report 463, Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the
1990 census-based sample design appears in "Redesign of
the Sample for the Current Population Survey," in the May
1994 issue of this publication.

Table 1-A. Characteristics of the CPS sample, 1947 to present

Time period
Aug. 1947 to Jan. 1954
Feb. 1954 to Apr. 1956
May 1956 to Dec. 1959
Jan. 1960 to Feb. 1963
Mar. 1963 to Dec. 1966
Jan. 1967 to July 1971
Aug. 1971 to July 1972
Aug. 1972 to Dec. 1977
Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1979
Jan. 1980 to Apr. 1981
May 1981 to Dec. 1984
Jan. 1985 to Mar. 1988
Apr. 1988 to Mar. 1989
April 1989 to Oct. 1994 3
Nov. 1994 to Aug. 1995 4
Sept. 1995 to Dec. 1995
Jan. 1996 to present

Interviewed

68
230
330
2333
357
449
449
461
614
629
629
729
729
729
792
792
754

21,000
21,000
33,500
33,500
33,500
48,000
45,000
45,000
53,500
62,200
57,800
57,000
53,200
57,400
54,500
52,900
46,800

1

1
Beginning in May 1956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in
each State and the District of Columbia.
2
Three sample areas were added in 1960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii
after statehood.




Households eligible

Number of sample
areas

Not interviewed
500-1,000
500-1,000
1,500
1,500
1,500
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,500
2,800
2,500
2,500
2,600
2,600
3,500
3,400
3,200

Households visited
but not eligible
3,000-3,500
3,000-3,500
6,000
6,000
6,000
8,500
8,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
11,500
11,800
10,000
9,700
9,000

3 The sample was increased incrementally during the 8-month period, AprilNovember 1989.
4
Includes 2,000 additional assigned housing units from Georgia and Virginia
that were gradually phased in during the 10-month period, October 1994August 1995.

143

ESTIMATING METHODS

that are not self-representing and for those States that have
a substantial number of black households. The procedure
corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the
time of the 1990 census between 1) the race distribution
of the population in sample PSU's and 2) the race distribution of all PSU's (both 1 and 2 exclude self-representing
PSU's).

Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the
results for a given month become available simultaneously
and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data
from each sample person by the inverse of the probability
of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person
represents. Since 1985, most sample persons within the same
State have had the same probability of selection. Some selection probabilities may differ within a State due to the
sample design or for operational reasons. Field subsampling,
for example, which is carried out when areas selected for
the sample are found to contain many more households than
expected, may cause probabilities of selection to differ for
some sample areas within a State. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities
are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage;
data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure.

b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects,
to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls
for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories,
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 "other" age-sex
categories.

1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to account for occupied sample
households for which no information was obtained because
of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of
the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas
that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State.
Similarity of sample areas is based on Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. Each MSA cluster is
split by "central city" and "balance of the MSA." Each
non-MSA cluster is split by "urban" and "rural" residence
categories. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending on weather,
vacation, etc.

The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on
April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of
other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net
migration. Estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduce the resident
population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post
Enumeration Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on
earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census
undercount. A summary of the current procedures used to
make population projections is given in "Revisions in the
Current Population Survey Effective January 1994," appearing in the February 1994 issue of this publication.

2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the
sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved
when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of
these population characteristics. This is accomplished
through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows:

3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the
preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists
of a weighted average of two factors: The two-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an
estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to
account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample
estimates. This month-in-sample bias is exhibited by
unemployment estimates for persons in their first and fifth
months in the CPS being generally higher than estimates
obtained for the other months.

a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSU's rather
than drawing sample households from every PSU in the
Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two
race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSU's




144

The composite estimate results in a reduction in the sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages
of ratio adjustment. For some items, the reduction is substantial. The resultant gains in reliability are greatest in estimates
of month-to-month change, although gains are also usually
obtained for estimates of level in a given month, change from
year to year, and change over other intervals of time.

varies by rotation group. A description of these effects appears in "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates
From Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailar, Journal of the
American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349,
March 1975.
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. The
CPS covers about 92 percent of the decennial census population (adjusted for census undercount). It is known that
the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Generally, undercoverage is larger for men
than for women and larger for blacks, Hispanics, and other
races than for whites. Ratio adjustment to independent agesex-race-origin population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race-origin group.
Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS
appears in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by
the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy
and Standards; in "The Current Population Survey: An Overview," by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Vol. 2, April 1973; and
in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce. This last document includes a
comprehensive discussion of various sources of errors and
describes attempts to measure them in the CPS.

Rounding of estimates
The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of independent
rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand.
Similarly, sums of percent distributions may not always equal
100 percent because of rounding. Differences, however, are
insignificant.
Reliability of the estimates
There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based
on a sample survey—sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided indicate primarily the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also incorporate the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not
account for any systematic biases in the data.
Nonsampling error. The full extent of nonsampling error is
unknown, but special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS, as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be
small on estimates of relative change, such as month-tomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more
severely affected by the nonsampling error.
Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many
sources, e.g., the inability to obtain information about all
persons in the sample; differences in the interpretation of
questions; inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information; inability to recall information;
errors made in collecting and processing the data; errors
made in estimating values for missing data; and failure to
represent all sample households and all persons within
sample households (undercoverage).
Nonsampling errors occurring in the interview phase of
the survey are studied by means of a reinterview program.
This program is used to estimate various sources of error as
well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers.
A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected
through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the
CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other
results may be found in The Current Population Survey
Reinterview Program, January 1961 through December
1966, Technical Paper No. 19, Bureau of the Census, U.S.
Department of Commerce.
The effects of some components of nonsampling error in
the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation
plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates




Sampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, estimates differ from the true population
values that they represent. This difference, or sampling error, occurs by chance, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. Sample estimates from a
given survey design are unbiased when an average of the
estimates from all possible samples would yield, hypothetically, the true population value. In this case, the sample
estimate and its standard error can be used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that
include the true population value with known probabilities.
If the process of selecting a sample from the population
were repeated many times and an estimate and its standard
error calculated for each sample, then:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above
the estimate would include the true population value.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6
standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two
145

standard errors below the estimate to two standard errors
above the estimate would include the true population value.
Although the estimating methods used in the CPS do not
produce unbiased estimates, biases for most estimates are
believed to be small enough so that these confidence interval statements are approximately true.
Since it would be too costly to develop standard errors
for all CPS estimates, generalized variance function techniques are used to calculate sets of standard errors for various types of labor force characteristics. It is important to
keep in mind that standard errors computed from these methods reflect contributions from sampling errors and some
kinds of nonsampling errors and indicate the general magnitude of an estimate's standard error rather than its precise
value.
The generalized variance functions and standard errors
provided here are based on the sample design and estimation
procedures as of 1987 and have been adjusted to reflect the
population levels and sample size as of 1996. Standard errors
for years prior to 1996 may be roughly approximated by
adjusting, as follows, the standard errors presented here.

Table 1-B. Standard errors for major employment status
categories
(In thousands)

293
312
145

216
235
161

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

194
206
97

164
174
113

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

219
224
91

165
171
105

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

97
96
62

95
95
81

138
140
66

101
105
76

78
71
43

69
72
50

98
97
44

73
74
51

40
35
32

42
37
37

130
134
63

91
107
73

Black, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

,

Men, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

2. For the years 1956 through 1966, multiply the standard
errors by 1.17.

Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

3. For years prior to 1956, multiply the standard errors
by 1.44.




Consecutivemonth change

Total, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

1. For the years 1967 through 1995, multiply the standard
errors by 0.96.

More accurate standard error estimates for historical CPS
data may be found in previous issues of this publication.
Tables 1-B through 1-H are provided so that approximate
standard errors of estimates can be easily obtained. These
tables are briefly summarized here; details illustrating the
proper use of each table follow.
Tables 1-B and 1-C show standard errors for estimated
monthly levels and rates for selected employment status
characteristics; these tables also provide standard errors for
consecutive month-to-month changes in the estimates. These
standard errors are based on levels of recent estimates and
can be determined directly by finding the characteristic of
interest.
Tables 1-D and 1-E show standard errors for monthly levels and consecutive monthly changes in levels for general
employment status characteristics. The standard errors are
calculated using linear interpolation based on the size of
the monthly estimates.
Tables 1-F and 1-G give parameters that can be used with
formulas to calculate a standard error on nearly any specified level, unemployment rate, percentage, or consecutive
month-to-month change. For monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes in levels, tables 1-F and 1-G
are preferred to tables 1-D and 1-E, since the formulas provide more accurate results than linear interpolation.

Monthly
level

Category

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Hispanic origin, 16 years and over:
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

,

Table 1-H presents factors used to convert standard
errors of monthly levels and rates determined from tables 1B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to standard errors pertaining to quarterly and yearly averages, consecutive year-to-year changes
of monthly estimates, and changes in quarterly and yearly
averages.
The standard errors for estimated changes from 1 month
to the next, 1 year to the next, etc., depend more on the
monthly levels for characteristics than on the size of the
changes. Accordingly, tables 1-E, 1-G, and 1-H use monthly
levels (not the magnitude of the changes) for approximating
standard errors of change. Standard errors for estimated
change between nonconsecutive months are not provided
(except for year-to-year change); however, these may be assumed to be higher than the standard errors for consecutive
monthly change.

146

Table 1 -C. Standard errors for unemployment rates by major
characteristics
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
White workers
Black workers
Hispanic-origin workers
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

Illustration. Suppose that for a given month the number of
women 20 years and over in the civilian labor force is estimated to be 54,000,000. For this characteristic, the approximate standard error of 219,000 is given in table 1-B in the
row, 'Total, 16 years and over: Women, 20 years and over:
Civilian labor force." A 90-percent confidence interval, as
shown by these data, would then be the interval from
53,650,000 to 54,350,000. Concluding that the true labor
force level lies within this interval would be correct for
roughly 90 percent of all possible samples.

Monthly Consecutivelevel
month change
0.11
.15
.14
.16
.16
.74
.11
.45
.50
.15
.18
.54

0.13
.18
.17
.19
.19
.97
.13
.53
.59
.18
.22
.64

.20
.20
.45
.30
.25
1.75
.67

24
.23
.54
.36
.30
2.08
.80

.38
.34

.45
.40

.49
.55

.58
.66

.73
.73

.87
.87

.13
.25
1.39
.68
.26
.32
.42
.15

.15
.30
1.65
.81
.31
.38
.50
.18

.42
.27
.19
.21
1.18

.50
.32
.23
.25
1.40

Use of tables 1~D and 1-E. From these tables, approximate
standard errors can be calculated for estimates of monthly
levels and month-to-month changes in levels for major labor force characteristics by race and Hispanic origin. For
major categories not shown, such as male or female, tables
1-F and 1-G can be used. Standard errors for intermediate
values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. For table 1-E, which applies to estimates
of consecutive month-to-month change, the average of the
two monthly levels (not the change) is used to select the
appropriate row in the table.

Occupation
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technicians and related support
,
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical...
Private household
,
Protective service
Service, except private household and
protective service
,
Precision production, craft, and repair
Machine operators, assemblers, and
inspectors
Transportation and material moving
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers,
and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

Illustration. Assume that between 2 consecutive months
the estimated number of employed persons changed from
115,600,000 to 116,700,000, an apparent increase of
1,100,000. The approximate standard error on this monthto-month change estimate is based on the average level of
the estimate for the 2 months, 116,150,000. Using the table
1-E column titled "Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment, Total," it is necessary to
find the standard errors corresponding to the two monthly
level entries between which the value 116,150,000 lies. The
standard error corresponding to 100,000,000 is given as
274,000, and the standard error corresponding to
120,000,000 is given as 246,000. Use linear interpolation
to find the approximate standard error on month-to-month
change corresponding to the level 116,150,000; one method
of calculation is given below.

Industry
Nonagricultural private wage and salary
workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation, communications, and
public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and services
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Thus, a 90-percent confidence interval for the true monthto-month change would be approximately the interval from
698,000 to 1,502,000.

Use of tables 1-B and 1-C. These table provide a quick
reference for standard errors of major characteristics. Table
1-B gives approximate standard errors for estimates of
monthly levels and consecutive month-to-month changes
in levels for major employment status categories. Table 1-C
gives approximate standard errors for estimates of monthly
unemployment rates and consecutive month-to-month
changes in unemployment rates for some demographic, industrial, and occupational categories. For characteristics not
given in tables 1-B and 1-C, refer to either tables 1-D and 1E or tables 1-F and 1-G.




Use of tables 1-F and 1-G. These tables can be used to find
approximate standard errors for a wide range of estimated
monthly levels, proportions, rates, and estimates of consecutive monthly change. Instead of displaying standard errors,
these tables provide parameters to be used with the formulas given below that allow the user to calculate standard
errors.

147

Table 1-D. Standard errors for estimates of monthly levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic
Agricultural
employment

Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

Estimated
monthly level

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000...
2,000 ...
4,000 ...
6,000 ...
8,000 ...
10,000 .
15,000 .
20,000 .
30,000.
40,000 .
50,000 .
60,000 .
70,000 .
80,000 .
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000

12
18

41
62
96

Black

13
18
39
55
76

157
216
273
330

Total or
white

12
17
38
54
76
107

Hispanic
origin

Black

13

13
19
42
59
82
113

18
39
54
74
96
106

131
150

White

12
17

12

13

17
39
54
77

18
39
55
76
103

39
54
77
108
131

151

108
101

167
201
228

Total

168
202

229
271
302
324
340
350
354

349
322
267

108
131
150
167

201
227
267
296

Black

120
131
137

137

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force

14
20
44

14
20
44
61
83
111

61
83
111

126

126

134
135
110

134
135
110

113

315
327
333
333
313
264
159

Table 1-E. Standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
(In thousands)
Characteristic

Estimated
monthly level

Agricultural
employment

Hispanic origin
Total or
white

50
100
500
1,000....
2,000 ....
4,000 ....
6,000 ....
8,000 ....
10,000 ..
15,000 ..
20,000 ..
30,000 ..
40,000 ..
50,000 ..
60,000 ..
70,000 ..
80,000 ..
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000




Labor force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment

Unemployment

14
19
43
59
78
95
94
73

Black

12
17
37
52
72

Total or
white

14
20

46
64
89
124
148

166
180
204
215

Black

Hispanic
origin

15

16
22
50
69
95
127

21
46
63
84
104
106
92
47

Total

White

10

10
14
32
45
63
88

14
32
45
63
88

108
123
137

165
187

148

108
123
137

221
245
262
274

165
187
221
245
262
274

281
283
274
246

281
283
274
246

188

188

Black

10

15
33
45
62
84
97
104
108
100
58

Civilian labor
Employed force or not
in labor force
12
17
37

51
70
93
105
110

110
79

10
14
31
43
59
78
89
94
95
76

Table 1-G, which applies to estimates of consecutive
monthly change, lists parameters for some characteristics
classified by a measure of correlation between monthly estimates. Estimates of the number of persons employed full
time, for example, change relatively little from one month
to the next, and the two monthly estimates are said to be
highly correlated. Consecutive monthly estimates of parttime employment, by contrast, have low correlation, since
these estimates are relatively volatile.
Major characteristics for which consecutive monthly estimates are known to have high or low correlation are indicated in table 1-G. Not all categories in table 1-G, however,
are broken down into low or high correlation characteristics. When high or low correlation is not specified in table
1-G, the parameters in table 1-G should be selected from
the rows labeled "Most characteristics" or from rows not
specifying correlation.
Standard errors of estimated levels. The approximate standard error, s x , of an estimated monthly level, x, can be obtained using the formula below, where a and b are the parameters from table 1-F associated with the particular characteristic. The same formula can be used to approximate
the standard error of an estimated month-to-month change
in level; simply average the levels for the 2 consecutive
months and use the parameters from table 1-G.

sx = V ax 2 + bx
Illustration. Assume that in a given month there are an estimated 6 million unemployed men in the civilian labor force
(x = 6,000,000). Obtain the appropriate a and b parameters
from table 1-F ("Unemployment: Total or white"). Use the
formula to compute an approximate standard error on the
estimate of 6,000,000.

-38,000 to 438,000. Because this interval covers zero, one
cannot assert at this level of confidence that any real change
has occurred in the unemployment level. This result can
also be expressed by saying that the apparent change of
200,000 is not significant at a 90-percent confidence level.
Standard errors of estimated percentages and rates. Generally, percentages and rates are not published unless the
monthly base (denominator) is greater man 75,000 persons,
the quarterly average base is greater than 60,000 persons,
or the annual average base is greater than 35,000 persons.
The reliability of an estimated percentage or rate depends
upon the magnitude of the percentage or rate and its base.
When the numerator and base are in different categories,
use the parameters from table 1-F or 1-G relevant to the
numerator. The approximate standard error, sy p, of an estimated percentage or rate, p, can be obtained using the following formula, where y is the estimated number of persons in the base.

Illustration. For a given month, suppose that 5,600,000
women, 20 to 24 years of age, are estimated to be employed.
Of this total, 1,800,000 or 32 percent are classified as parttime workers. To estimate the standard error on this percentage, proceed as follows. Obtain the parameter b =
2529.99 from table 1-F ("Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural employment and unemployment:
Total, Women"). Apply the formula to obtain:

•

a = -0.000017962
sx = V(-

a000017962

6 00

b = 2957.13
Suppose that in the next month 5,700,000 women in this
same age group are reported employed and that 1,950,000
or 34 percent are part-time workers. To estimate the standard error on the observed month-to-month change of 2 percentage points, first average the values for p and y over the
2 months to get p = 33 percent and y = 5,650,000. Next,
obtain the parameter b = 2690.59 from table 1-G ("Labor
force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Total or white, Women: Low
correlation characteristics") and apply the formula as follows.

2

X > °,000) + (2957.13X6,000,000) il31,000

Suppose that in the next month the estimated number of
unemployed men increases by 200,000 to 6,200,000. The
average of the monthly levels is x = 6,100,000. Obtain the
appropriate a and b parameters from table 1-G ("Unemployment: Total or white, Total, men, women"). Use the formula
to compute an approximate standard error on the estimated
change of 200,000.
a = -0.000093662

b = 4191.84
2690.59
(33X100-33) = 1.0 percent
5,650,000

Sx = ^-(0.000093662 X6,100,000)2 + (4191.84X6,100,000) = 149,000

It should be noted that the numerator of the percentage
(part-time employed) determined the choice of correlation.

An approximate 90-percent confidence interval for the
true month-to-month change would be the interval from




2529.99
(32X100-32) = 1.0 percent
5,600,000
\

149

Table 1 -F. Parameters for computation of standard errors
for estimates of monthly levels

or yearly averages, changes in consecutive quarterly or
yearly averages, and consecutive year-to-year changes in
monthly estimates. Table 1-H gives factors that can be used
to convert standard errors for monthly levels into standard
errors for other time periods and changes over time. Follow these three basic steps:

Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-laborforce data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:

Total1

-0.000017682
-.000032770
-.000029553
-.000171805

2985.26
2764.05
2529.99
2544.62

Whiter
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

-.000020028
-.000036840
-.000033710
-.000204195

2984.72
2766.67
2526.82
2549.88

Black
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ..

-.000125300
-.000302096
-.000182509
-.001294516

3139.26
2930.79
2637.41
2949.48

Hispanic origin

-.000206380

3895.71

Meni
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Not in labor force, total or white,
excluding women and 16-to19 year olds

.000005931

828.79

Agricultural employment:
Total or white
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to
19years

.000782035
.000858136

3048.57
2825.09

-.000024885

2582.39

Black

-.000134884

3154.76

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to
19years

Step 2. Obtain a standard error on a monthly estimate
using table 1-B or 1-C, or apply the procedures for table 1D or 1-F to the average calculated in step 1, as if the average were an estimate for a single month.
Step 3. Determine the standard error on the average or
on the estimate of change. Multiply the result from step 2
by the appropriate factor from table 1-H.
Illustration. Suppose that standard errors are desired for a
quarterly average of black employment levels and for the
change in average? from 1 quarter to the next. For each
successive month of the first quarter, suppose the levels are
observed to be 11,500,000, 11,600,000, and 11,700,000.
Step 1. The quarterly average is 11,600,000.

.011857446

2894.85

.015736341

1702.50

-.000017962
-.000212109
-.000101820

2957.13
3149.77
3576.47

Unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin

Step 1. Average estimates appropriately. For quarterly
estimates, average the 3 monthly estimates. For yearly estimates, average the 12 monthly estimates. For changes in
consecutive averages, average over the 2 quarters or 2 years.
For consecutive year-to-year changes in monthly estimates,
average the 2 months involved.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters from table 1-F
("Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment: Black"). Use the
formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error
for a monthly estimate of 11,600,000.
a = -0.000125300

1

b = 3139.26

Excludes not-in-labor-force data.

If the example had illustrated percentages of women employed full time, the numerator would have been a high
correlation characteristic. Table 1-G, however, does not explicitly list high correlation parameters for employed
women; thus, the row labeled "Women, Most characteristics" would have been used.
Had the example dealt with teenage women employed
part time, either of two rows in table 1-G could have been
applied ("Women: Low correlation characteristics" or "Both
sexes, 16 to 19 years"). In situations like this, where it is
not clear which row applies, a general rule to follow is to
choose the row with the largest b parameter. This gives a
more conservative estimate of standard error.

S x = 7 ( - 0 - 0 0 0 1 2 5 3 0 0 K 1 1 » 6 0 0 » 0 ° 0 ) 2 + (3139.26)(11,600,000) = 140,000

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .87 from table
1-H (column labeled "Quarterly averages" and row labeled
"Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black"). This gives
an approximate standard error of 122,000 on the quarterly
average of 11,600,000.
Proceed to obtain the approximate standard error on the
change in consecutive quarterly average estimates of black
employment. Assume that black employment estimates for
the months in the second quarter are observed to be
11,100,000, 11,200,000, and 11,300,000.

Use of table 1-H. Use this table with table 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, or
1-F to calculate approximate standard errors for quarterly




Step 1. The average for the second quarter is 11,200,000.
150

Table 1-G. Parameters for computation of standard errors for estimates of month-to-month change in levels
Characteristic
Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics1
Low correlation characteristics1

•0.000012482
-.000009288
-.000016162

2001.12
1564.84
2550.56

Men:
Most characteristics
High correlation characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000022599
-.000016814
-.000058387

1921.13
1500.99
2668.56

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000021229
-.000059785

1689.99
2690.59

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000186555

2616.54

Black:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000098960
-.001928030

2147.36
6513.82

Men:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics

-.000234427
-.002881467

2280.03
5829.60

-.000156363
-.002311407
-.001288452

1860.78
5420.13
3131.77

-.000157201
-.000102898
-.002624078
-.000248038

2774.53
1930.51
8620.43
2347.42

-.000398909
-.000338741

3615.62
2569.69

Total or white:
Total
Men
Women or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000395757
-.000672985
.000130289

3838.04
3959.25
2367.00

Black:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-.000122355
-.019110769

2861.72
5876.77

Hispanic origin:
Total or women
Men or both sexes, 16 to 19 years

.002872129
.002884390

4640.81
4028.10

-.000245791

2091.57

Total or white:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics....

-.000093662
-.000071624

4191.84
5121.75

Black:
Total, men, women, and both sexes, 16 to 19 years
High correlation characteristics

-.000414217
.000048170

4361.16
3088.91

Hispanic origin:
Total, men, women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years and low correlation characteristics....

-.000252897
-.000996431

5054.25
7037.75

Women:
Most characteristics
Low correlation characteristics
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Hispanic origin:
Total
Civilian labor force and not in labor force
Low correlation characteristics
Men, civilian labor force and not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over, 20 years and over; and both sexes,
16 to 19 years
Women, 16 years and over and 20 years and over
Agricultural employment:

Self-employed
2

Unemployment:

1
High correlation characteristics include employed full-time, manufacturing,
service workers, and not in the labor force. Low correlation characteristics
include all part-time workers; employed, with a job, but not at work; unpaid
family workers; and precision production, craft, and repair occupations.




151

2
High correlation characteristics include full-time jobseekers; job losers;
manufacturing workers; and operators, fabricators, and laborers. Low correlation characteristics include part-time jobseekers, reentrants, persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks and from 5 to 14 weeks.

The average of the 2 quarters is 11,400,000.

1-H (column labeled "Change in quarterly averages" and
row labeled "Labor force and not-in-labor-force data other
than agricultural employment and unemployment, Black").
This gives an approximate standard error of 118,000 on the
estimated change of 400,000 from one quarter to the next.

Step 2. Obtain the a and b parameters as above and use
the formula for s x to compute an approximate standard error for the estimate of 11,400,000, treating it as an estimate
for a single month.
S x = ^(-0.000125300X11,400,000)2 + (3139.26X11,400,000) = 140,000

The estimated change clearly exceeds 2 standard errors;
therefore, one could conclude from these data that the change
in quarterly averages is significant.

Step 3. Multiply this result by the factor .84 from table

Table 1-H. Factors to be used with tables 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, and 1-F to compute the approximate standard errors for levels, rates, and
percentages for year-to-year change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and
change in yearly averages
Factor
Characteristic

Year-to year
change of monthly
estimate

Quarterly
averages

Change in
quarterly
averages

Yearly
averages

Change in
yearly
averages

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

0.92
.82
.78
.80

0.70
.84
.88
.80

0.79
.57
.49
.59

0.70
.70
.70
.70

1.40
1.40

.74
.67

.88
.88

.46
.42

.65
.54

1.30
1.30
1.30
1.30
1.40

.87
.87
.87
.79
.82

.85
.84
.80
.88
,90

.65
.65
.65
.54
.51

.70
.70
.70
.70
.60

Agricultural employment:
Total or men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time
Unemployment:
Total
Part time
Labor force and not-in-labor-force
data other than agricultural
employment and unemployment:
Total or white
Black
Hispanic origin
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Part time




152

Establishment Data
("B" tables)
COLLECTION
BLS cooperates with State employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey to collect data each month on employment,
hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). This sample includes about
390,000 reporting units. From these data, a large number
of employment, hours, and earnings series in considerable
industry and geographic detail are prepared and published
each month. Historical statistics can be found in Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, and Employment, Hours, and Earnings, States and Areas. These data
are also available in machine-readable format and on the
INTERNET.
Each month, the State agencies collect data on employment, payrolls, and paid hours from a sample of establishments. Data are collected by mail from most respondents;
phone collection is used to obtain higher response rates
from selected respondents through computer-assisted interviews, touch-tone self-response, and voice recognition
technology.
The respondents extract the requested data from their
payroll records, which must be maintained for a variety of
tax and accounting purposes. All firms with 250 employees or more are asked to participate in the survey, as well
as a sample of smaller firms.
A "shuttle" schedule (BLS form 790 series) is used for
mail respondents. It is submitted each month by the respondents, edited by the State agency, and returned to the
respondent for use again the following month
The technical characteristics of the shuttle schedule are
particularly important in maintaining continuity and consistency in reporting from month to month. The shuttle design automatically exhibits the trends of the reported data
covered by the schedule during the year; therefore, the relationship of the current data to the data for the previous
months is shown. The schedule also has operational advantages. For example, accuracy and economy are achieved
by entering the identification codes and the address of the
reporter only once a year.
All schedules are edited by the State agencies each month
to make sure that the data are correctly reported and that they
are consistent with the data reported by the establishment in
earlier months and with the data reported by other establishments in the industry. The State agencies forward the data,
either on the schedules themselves or in machine-readable
form, to BLS-Washington. They also use the information provided on the forms to develop State and area estimates of
employment, hours, and earnings. At BLS, the data are edited
again by computer to detect processing and reporting errors
which may have been missed in the initial State editing; the
edited data are used to prepare national estimates.




153

It should be noted that for employment, the sum of the
State figures will differ from the official U.S. national totals because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification and differences in the timing of benchmark adjustments.
CONCEPTS
Industrial classification
Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product
or activity determined from information on annual sales
volume. Since January 1980, this information is collected
on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance
tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one
activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity.
All data on employment, hours, and earnings for the Nation (beginning with August 1990 data) and for States and
areas (beginning with January 1990 data) are classified in
accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC), Office of Management and Budget.
Industry employment
Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of
persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.
The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid
volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic
workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included.
Government employment covers only civilian employees;
military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency are
also excluded.
Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid
holiday, on paid vacation, or who work during a part of the
pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike
during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not
counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on
leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who
were hired but have not yet reported during the period.
Indexes of diffusion of employment change (table B-6).
These indexes measure the dispersion among industries of

the change in employment over the specified time span.
Beginning with August 1990 data, the overall indexes are
calculated from 356 seasonally adjusted employment series (3-digit industries) covering all nonfarm payroll employment in the private sector. The manufacturing diffusion indexes are based on 139 3-digit industries.
To derive the indexes, each component industry is assigned a value of 0, 50, or 100 percent, depending on
whether its employment showed a decrease, no change, or
an increase, respectively, over the time span. The average
value (mean) is then calculated, and this percent is the diffusion index number.
The reference point for diffusion analysis is 50 percent,
the value which indicates that the same number of component industries had increased as had decreased. Index numbers above 50 show that more industries had increasing
employment, and values below 50 indicate that more had
decreasing employment. The margin between the percent
that increased and the percent that decreased is equal to the
difference between the index and its complement, i.e., 100
minus the index. For example, an index of 65 percent means
that 30 percent more industries had increasing employment
than had decreasing employment (65-( 100-65) = 30). However, for dispersion analysis, the distance of the index number from the 50-percent reference point is the most significant observation.
Although diffusion indexes are commonly interpreted as
showing the percent of components that increased over the
time span, it should be remembered that the index reflects
half of the unchanged components as well. (This is the effect of assigning a value of 50 percent to the unchanged
components when computing the index.)

(such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed
by members of the construction trades.
Nonsupervisory employees. These are employees (not above
the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical
workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research
aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line
installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other
employees at similar occupational levels whose services
are closely associated with those of the employees listed.
Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time
production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who
received pay for any part of the pay period which includes
the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before
deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds,
or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays,
vacation, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses
(unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other
pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive
pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other
payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as
health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc., paid by the employer) are also excluded.
Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period
which includes the 12th of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours
paid for holidays, vacations, and for sick leave when pay is
received directly from the firm.

Industry hours and earnings
Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-producing industries.

Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or
related workers for which overtime premiums were paid
because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of
either the straight-time workday or the workweek during
the pay period which included the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid
are excluded.

Production and related workers. This category includes
working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating,
processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling,
maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g.,
power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations.

Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates
to the average hours for which pay was received and is
different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as
unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and
stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than
scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries.

Construction workers. This group includes the following
employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, laborers, etc., engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, etc., whether working at the
site of construction or working in shops or yards at jobs




Indexes of aggregate weekly hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are prepared by dividing the current
month's aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly fig154

ures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates
are the product of average weekly hours and production
worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher
levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum
of the component aggregates.
Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that
portion of the average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If
an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular
rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday
pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no
overtime hours would be reported.
Because overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily
move in the same direction from month to month. Such
factors as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover
may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on
average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level
also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in
both the previous and current months.
Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a
"gross" basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly
and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as
premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes
in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also
reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively
high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers9 earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and
divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries.
Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period
of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of
work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level
of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes
paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not
covered under production worker, construction worker, or
nonsupervisory employee definitions.
Average hourly earnings, including lump-sum wage payments. These series are compiled only for aircraft (SIC 3721)
and guided missiles and space vehicles (SIC 3761) manufacturing. The same concepts and estimation methods apply to these series as apply to the average hourly earnings
series described above; the one difference between the series is definitional. The payroll data used to calculate this
series include lump-sum payments made to production
workers in lieu of general wage rate increases; such payments are excluded from the definition of gross payrolls
used to calculate the other average hourly earnings series.
For each sample establishment in SIC 3721 and SIC 3761




155

covered by a lump-sum agreement, the reported payroll data
are adjusted to include a prorated portion of the lump-sum
payment. Such payments are generally made once a year
and cover the following 12-month period. In order to spread
the payment across this time period, a prorated portion of
the payment is added to the payroll each month. This prorated portion is adjusted by an exit rate to reduce the lumpsum amount to account for persons who received the payment but left before the payment allocation period expired.
Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime. Average
hourly earnings, excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for
the industry group by the sum of total production worker
hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments
are made for other premium payment provisions, such as
holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than
time and one-half.
Railroad hours and earnings. The figures for Class I railroads plus Amtrak (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the
M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and
relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff
assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month.
Average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total
compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours
are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for,
reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees.
Average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by
multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average
hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are
affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings
but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly
variations in such factors as the proportion of part-time
workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate.
Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the
proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of
the services industries have reduced average workweeks in
these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series.
Real earnings. These earnings are in constant dollars and
are calculated from the earnings averages for the current
month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price
Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW). The reference year for these series is 1982.

ESTIMATING METHODS

sample versus the full universe counts derived from the UI.
Following the revision of basic employment estimates,
all other derivative series (e.g., production workers, average hourly earnings) are also recalculated. New seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated and all data series for the
previous 5 years are reseasonally adjusted, prior to full publication of all revised data in June of each year.

The Current Employment Statistics (CES) or establishment survey estimates of employment are generated through
an annual benchmark and monthly sample link procedure.
Annual universe counts or benchmark levels are generated
primarily from administrative records on employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI) tax laws. These annual benchmarks, established for March of each year, are
projected forward for each subsequent month based on the
trend of the sample employment, using an estimation procedure called the link relative. Benchmarks and sample link
relatives are computed for each of 1,703 basic estimation
cells defined by industry, size, and geography for the CES
national estimates, and summed to create aggregate level
employment estimates.

Monthly estimation
Estimates are derived from a sample of approximately
390,000 business establishments nationwide. A current
month's estimate is derived as the product of the previous
month's estimate and a sample link relative for the current
month. A bias adjustment factor is then applied to this result primarily to help account for new business births during the month.

Benchmarks
The establishment survey constructs annual benchmarks
in order to realign the sample-based employment totals for
March of each year with the Ul-based population counts
for March. These population counts are much less timely
than sample-based estimates; however, they provide an
annual point-in-time census for employment.
Population counts are derived from the administrative
file of employees covered by UI. All employers covered by
UI laws are required to report employment and wage information to the appropriate State employment security agency
four times a year. Approximately 98 percent of in-scope
private employment is covered by UI. A benchmark for the
remaining 2 percent is constructed from alternate sources,
primarily records from the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Social Security Administration. The full benchmark developed for March replaces the March sample-based
estimate for each basic cell. The monthly sample-based
estimates for the year preceding and the year following the
benchmark are also then subject to revision.
Monthly estimates for the year preceding the March
benchmark are readjusted using a "wedge back" procedure.
The difference between the final benchmark level and the
previously published March sample estimate is calculated
and spread back across the previous 11 months. The wedge
is linear; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added
to the February estimates, ten-twelfths to the January estimates, and so on, back to the previous April estimates which
receive one-twelfth of the March difference. This assumes
that the total estimation error since the last benchmark accumulated at a steady rate throughout the current benchmark year.
Estimates for the 11 months following the March benchmark are also recalculated each year. These post-benchmark estimates reflect the application of sample-based
monthly changes to new benchmark levels for March, and
the recomputadon of bias adjustment factors for each month.
Bias factors are updated to take into account the most recent experience of the estimates generated by the monthly




Stratification. The sample is stratified into 1,703 basic estimation cells for purposes of computing national employment, hours, and earnings estimates. Cells are defined primarily by detailed industry, and secondarily by size for a
majority of cells. In a few industries, mostly within the
construction division, geographic stratification is also used.
Industry classification is in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SIC); most estimation cells are defined at the 4-digit SIC level.
This detailed stratification pattern allows for the production and publication of estimates in considerable industry
detail. Sub-industry stratification by size is important because major statistics which the survey measures, particularly employment change and average earnings, often vary
significantly between establishments of different size. Stratification reduces the variance of the published industry level
estimates.
Link relative technique. A ratio of the previous to the current month's employment is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months—this ratio is
called a "link relative." For each basic cell, a link relative
is computed and applied to the previous month's employment estimate to derive the current month's estimate. Thus
a March benchmark is moved forward to the next March
benchmark through application of monthly link relatives.
Basic cell estimates created through the link relative technique are aggregated to form published industry level estimates, for employment, as described in table 2-A. Basic
estimation and aggregation methods for the hours and earnings data are also shown in table 2-A.
Bias adjustment. Bias adjustment factors are computed at
the 3-digit SIC level, and applied each month at the basic
cell level, as part of the standard estimation procedures.
The main purpose of bias adjustment is to reduce a primary source of nonsampling error in the survey, the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by
new firm births. There is a several month lag between an
156

Table 2-A. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, and earnings
Employment, hours,
and earnings

Basic estimating cell (industry, region,
size or region/size cell)

Aggregate industry level (division
and, where stratified, industry)
Monthly data

All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month
to all employees in previous month, for sample
establishments which reported for both months.1

Sum of all-employee estimates for component
cells.

All-employee estimate for current month multiplied by (1) ratio of production or nonsupervisory
workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) estimated ratio of
women to all employees.2

Sum of production or nonsupervisory worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for
component cells.

Average weekly hours

Production or nonsupervisory worker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory
workers.2

Average, weighted by production or
nonsupervisory worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells.

Average weekly overtime hours

Production worker overtime hours divided by
number of production workers.2

Average, weighted by production worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours
for component cells.

Average hourly earnings

Total production or nonsupervisory worker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisory
worker hours.2

Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the
average hourly earnings for component cells.

Average weekly earnings

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

All employees

Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees

Annual average data
All employees, women employees,
and production or nonsupervisory
workers

Average weekly hours

Average weekly overtime hours

Average hourly earnings

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12.

Annual total of aggregate hours (production or
nonsupervisory worker employment multiplied by
average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of
employment.

Annual total of aggregate hours for production
or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual
sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (production worker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual
sum of employment.

Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisory worker employment by
weekly hours and hourly earnings) divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by
annual aggregate hours.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Product of average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings.

Average weekly earnings
1
The estimates are computed by multiplying the above product by
bias adjustments factors, which compensate for the
underrepresentation of newly formed enterprises and other sources
of bias in the sample.
2
The sample production-worker ratio, women-worker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earn-




ings are modified by a wedging technique designed to compensate
for changes in the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage
of continuity from the use of the matched sample and, at the same
time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest
sample average.

157

establishment opening for business and its appearing on
the UI universe frame and being available for sampling.
Because new firms generate a portion of employment
growth each month of the year, nonsampling methods must
be used to capture this growth, otherwise substantial under
estimation of total employment levels would occur. Formal bias adjustment procedures have been used by the establishment survey since the late 1960's. Prior to the 1983
benchmark, bias adjustments were derived from a simple
mean error model, which averaged undercount errors for
the previous 3 years to arrive at bias projections for the
coming year. The undercount errors were measured as the
difference between sample-based estimate results and
benchmark levels.
This procedure eventually proved inadequate during periods of rapidly changing employment trends, and the bias
adjustment methodology was revised. Research done in the
early 1980's indicated that bias requirements were strongly
correlated with current employment growth or decline.
Based on this research, a revised method was developed
which incorporated the sample data on employment growth
over the most recent two quarters, and a regression-derived
coefficient for the significance of that change, to adjust the
mean error model results. This change in methodology provided a more cyclically sensitive bias model. The regression-adjusted mean error model has been in use since 1983,
for the production of national estimates.
The current model still has limitations in its ability to
react to changing economic conditions or changing error
structure relationships between the sample-based estimates
and the UI universe counts. A principal limitation is the
inability to incorporate UI universe counts as they become
available on an ongoing basis, with a 6- to 9-month lag
from the reference period. Thus, the current quarterly outputs from the model are subject to intervention analysis,
and adjustments can be made to its results, prior to the establishment of final bias levels for a quarter. Review is done
primarily in terms of detection of outlier (i.e. abnormally
high or low) values, and by comparison of CES sample and
bias trends with the most recent quarterly observations of
UI universe counts. The BLS currently has under study improved bias models utilizing a Kalman filter technique,
which would allow a more formal, structured incorporation of each quarter's UI universe counts in the bias modeling process.
Although the primary function of bias adjustment is to
account for employment resulting from new business formations, it also adjusts for other elements of nonsampling
error in the survey, because the primary input to the modeling procedure is total estimation error. Significant among
these nonsampling error sources is a business death bias.
When a sampled firm closes down, most often it simply
does not respond to the survey that month, rather than reporting zero employment. Followup with nonrespondents
may reveal an out-of-business firm, but this information is
often received too late to incorporate into monthly esti-




mates, and the firm is simply treated as a nonrespondent
for that month.
Because the bias adjustments incorporated into the estimates represent a composite of a birth bias, death bias, and
a number of other differences between the sample-based
estimates and the population counts, the monthly bias adjustment levels have no specific economic meaning in and
of themselves.
Table 2-B summarizes bias adjustments for the 1985-95
period. The table displays the average monthly "bias added"
and the average monthly "bias required" with the benchmark revisions for each year. Bias added shows the average amount of bias which was added each month over the
course of an interbenchmark period. For example, the bias
added for 1995 is listed as 144,000; this represents the average of bias adjustments made each month over the period April 1994 through March 1995. Bias required is computed retrospectively, after the March benchmark for a given
year is known. Bias required figures are calculated by taking the difference between a March estimate derived purely
from the sample (i.e. a series calculated without bias adjustment) and the March benchmark. Dividing this figure
by 12 gives the average monthly bias required figure. The
bias required is thus defined as the amount of bias adjustment which would have achieved a zero benchmark error.
The difference between the total bias required and the total
bias added is then, by definition, approximately the benchmark revision amount, for any given year. Also provided in
the table for illustration, are the March-to-March changes.
As discussed above, the over-the-year changes indicate correlation with the bias added and bias required figures.
THE SAMPLE
Design
The emphasis in the establishment survey is on producing timely data at minimum cost. Therefore, the primary
goal of its design is to sample a sufficiently large segment
of the universe to provide reliable estimates that can be
published both promptly and regularly. The present sample
allows BLS to produce preliminary total nonfarm employment estimates for each month, including some limited industry detail, within 3 weeks after the reference period,
and data in considerably more detail with an additional 1month lag.
The CES survey, which began over 50 years ago. predates the introduction of probability sampling methods and
has operated as a quota sample since its inception.
The sampling plan used is a form of sampling with probability proportionate to size, known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment". This is an optimum allocation design among strata because sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments.
The universe of establishment employment is highly
skewed, with a large percentage of total employment concentrated in relatively few establishments. Because vari158

Reliability
The establishment survey, lik? ther sample surveys, is
subject to two types of error, sampling and nonsampling error. The magnitude of sampling error, or variance, is directly
related to the size of the sample and the percentage of universe coverage achieved by the sample. The establishment
survey sample covers over one-third of total universe employment; this yields a very small variance on the total nonfarm estimates. Measurements of error associated with
sample estimates are provided in tables 2-D through 2-G.

ance on a population total estimate is a function of percentage universe coverage achieved by the sample, it is efficient to sample larger establishments at a higher rate than
smaller establishments, assuming the cost per sample unit
is fairly constant across size classes.
Under the survey design, large establishments fall into a
certainty strata for sample selection. The size of the sample
for the various industries is determined empirically on the
basis of experience and cost considerations. For example,
in a manufacturing industry with a high proportion of total
employment concentrated in a small number of establishments, a larger percent of total employment is included in
the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments, with a relatively few chosen from among the
smaller establishments. For an industry in which a large
proportion of total employment is concentrated in small establishments, the sample design again calls for inclusion of
all large establishments but also for a more substantial number of smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to
a size which can be handled by available resources, it is
necessary to have a sample design for these industries with
a smaller proportion of total universe coverage than is the
case for most manufacturing industries.

Benchmark revision as a measure of survey error. The sum
of sampling and nonsampling error can be considered total
survey error. Unlike most sample surveys which publish
sampling error as their only measure of error, the CES can
derive an annual approximation of total error, on a lagged
basis, because of the availability of the independently derived universe data. While the benchmark error is used as a
measure of total error for the CES survey estimate, technically, it actually represents the difference between two independent estimates derived from separate survey processes
(i.e., the CES sample process and the UI universe process)
and thus reflects the errors present in each program. Historically, the benchmark revision has been very small for
total nonfarm employment. Over the past decade, percentage benchmark error has averaged 0.2 percent, with a range
from zero to 0.7 percent. Table 2-D shows the most current
benchmark revisions, along with 10-year mean revisions
and mean absolute revisions for major industries. Mean revisions give an indication of bias in the estimates; unbiased
estimates have a mean revision close to zero, as over and
under estimations cancel out over time. Mean absolute revisions give an overall indicator as to the accuracy of the

Coverage
The establishment survey is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table 2-C
shows the latest benchmark employment levels and the
approximate proportion of total universe employment coverage, at the total nonfarm and major industry division levels. The coverage for individual industries within the divisions may vary from the proportions shown.

Table 2-B. March employment benchmarks and bias adjustments for total private industries, March 1985-95
(In thousands)
Average monthly bias

Benchmark
Year

Over-the-year
employment
change5

Employment1

Revision2

Added3

Required4

1985...
1986...
1987...
1988...
1989...

79,446
81,204
83,173
86,180
89,015

-131
-400
21
-310
-93

152
149
98
114
131

141
88
123

3,075
1,758
1,969
3,007
2,835

1990...
1991 ...
1992...
1993...
1994...
1995...

90,546
88,790
88,347
89,790
92,730
96,175

-261
-583

85
61
33
83
115
144

63
12
22
107
171
187

1,531
-1,756
-443
1,443
2,940
3,445

-130
288
688
511

1
Universe counts for March of each year are used to make annual
benchmark adjustments to the employment estimates. About 98 percent of the benchmark employment is from unemployment insurance
administrative records, and the remaining 2 percent is from alternate
sources. Data represent benchmark levels as originally computed.
2
Difference between the final March sample-based estimate and
the benchmark level for total private employment.
3
The average amount of bias adjustment each month over the




116
99

course of an inter-benchmark period, i.e., from April of the prior year
through March of the given year.
4
The difference between the March benchmark and the March estimate derived solely from the sample without bias adjustment, converted to a monthly amount by dividing by 12.
5
March-to-March changes in the benchmark employment level.
NOTE: Data in this table exclude government employment because there is no bias adjustment for this sector.

159

estimates; the larger the value, the further the estimate was
from the final benchmark level.
Estimated standard errorsfor employment, hours, and earnings. The hours and earnings estimates for the basic estimating cells do not have universe data sources available
and therefore are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by
changes in employment weights. Like the employment estimates, the hours and earnings estimates are also subject
to sampling and nonsampling errors. Estimates of the sampling error for employment, hours, and earnings were computed using the method of random groups and are expressed
as relative standard errors (standard error divided by the
estimate). Relative standard errors for individual industries
with the specified number of employees are presented in
table 2-E and for major industries in table 2-F. Multiplying
the relative standard error by its estimated value gives the
estimate of the standard error. The errors presented here
are based on averages observed from sample data over the
March 1994 through March 1995 period.
Standard errorsfor differences between industries and times.
The standard error of a difference is required to test for
significant differences between estimates from two different industries. Since the estimates for the two industries
are independent, the standard error of a difference is the
square root of the sum of the estimated variance of each
estimate, S{2 and S 2 2 .
S difference

Table 2-C. Employment benchmarks and approximate coverage
of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1995
(Numbers in thousands)
Sample coverage1
Employees
Industry

Total

=

Vs?

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade..
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate...
Services
Government:
Federal
State
Local

+ S

2 "~ 2 P s i s 2

If Si = S2, then:

S change =

Benchmarks

Number of
establishments

Number

Percent
of
benchmarks

115,849

329,162

44,856

39

576
4,748
18,460

3,605
26,680
59.882

247
950
9,261

43
20
50

6,066
6,316
20,627

2

17,111
26,177
65,892

2,404
1,144
5,043

40
18
24

6,770
32,612

24,699
79,479

2,206
8,275

33
25

2,822
4,777
12,075

(3)
6,122
19,515

2,822
4,013
8,491

100
84
70

Counts reflect reports used in final estimates. Because not all
establishments report payroll and hours information, hours and earnings estimates are based on a smaller sample than employment estimates.
2
The Interstate Commerce Commission provides a complete count
of employment for Class I railroads plus Amtrak. A small sample is
used to estimate hours and earnings data.
'Total Federal employment counts by agency for use in national
estimates are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. Detailed industry estimates for the Executive Branch, as well
as State and area estimates of Federal employment, are based on a
sample of 5,586 reports covering about 58 percent of employment in
Federal establishments.

Conservative estimates of p after one month are 0.8 for
employment, 0.6 for average weekly hours, and 0.8 for
average hourly earnings.
If the bias is small, then the standard error can be used to
construct approximate confidence intervals or range of values that include the true population value. If the process of
selecting a sample from the population were repeated many




Noneconomic code changes. A major source of benchmark
revision at the major industry division level and below are
noneconomic code changes, which are introduced into the
universe data in the first quarter of each calendar year.
Approximately one-third of all establishments in the universe are included in the universe program's annual Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) refiling survey. Corrections to individual establishments' SIC and ownership
codes are made through this process. The refiling cycle is
such that every third year entire division(s) are subject to
refiling. The volume of these adjustments is generally quite
large and has a substantial impact on universe employment
counts at the industry levels, although the total nonfarm
employment level remains unaffected. For example, in a
year when the services division is refiled, a substantial

=

The CES sample overlaps almost entirely from month to
month, so monthly estimates are not independent. The covariance between these estimates must be accounted for
when testing the significance of the change in estimates
over time. The standard error of the change can be estimated as follows.

S change

times and an estimate and its standard error calculated for
each sample, then approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the true population value.

160

Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1995
benchmark revision

Industry

Total
Total private

,

Goods-producing
Mining
Metal mining
Coalmining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels
Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products....
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories ...
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and internrban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Level

Percent

542

0.5

0

0.3

511

.5

0

.4

-19

-.1

-0.3

.8

1
0
-2
3
1

.2
0
-1.9
.9
1.0

-1.4
-2.4
-.9
-1.7
-.4

1.8
2.8
1.9
2.5
1.6

-75
-40
10
-46

-1.6
-3.5
1.5
-1.6

-.8
-.6
.2
-1.1

1.4
2.4
1.9
1.6

55

.3

-.1

.7

53

.5

0

.7

6
9
-3
-4
1
3
15
11
-1
0
39
34
6
-7
-4

.8
1.7
-.6
-.6
.4
.2
.7
3.2
-.1
0
2.2
3.5
1.3
-.8
-1.0

-.2
.3
.1
-.4
0
-.1
-.4
-.2
-.7
-.5
1.1
1.6
.9
-.2
0

1.7
1.1
.8
1.0
1.5
.9
1.2
2.4
1.1
1.8
1.1
1.6
1.3
1.8
1.5

2

(2)

-.2

.7

-5
2
10
15
4
-14
-11
1
3
-3

-.3
5.0
1.5
1.6
.6
-.9
-1.1
.7
.3
-2.8

-.2
-.6
0
-.2
.1
-.5
-.2
-.3
.2
-.7

.9
4.7
.8
1.3
.7
.9
.8
1.8
1.5
2.6

Actual

Absolute

561

.6

0

.3

-43
-18
0
-20
-12
11
17
-2
-12
-25
-32
5

-.7
-.5
0
-4.7
-.7
6.5
2.2
-13.3
-2.9
-1.1
-2.4
.5

-.2
-.4
-.7
.5
-.2
0
-.8
0
-1.2
.1
.2
-.1

.9
1.3
1.2
2.2
1.5
4.0
1.9
4.5
2.9
.8
1.3
.7

73
55
18

1.2
1.5
.7

-.4
-.6
-.2

1.3
1.6
1.0

See footnotes at end of table.




10-year average
mean percent revision1

161

Table 2-D. Current (March 1995) and historical benchmark revisions—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
March 1995
benchmark revision

Industry

10-year average
mean percent revision1

Level

Percent

Actual

327
17
120
110
7
-20
-6
32
-3
133
41

1.6
2.0
4.7
4.9
.2
-.9
-.6
2.9
-.3
1.9
1.6

.4
.5
2.2
2.8
-.4
-1.2
-.4
1.1
-.7
.6
.2

.7
1.6
2.7
3.5
.9
1.2
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.2
.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions 3
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

-120
-79
-31
-25
-9
-25
-25
-8
-16
-5
4
-9
-36

-1.8
-2.4
-1.5
-1.7
-3.2
-5.5
-12.6
-1.5
-7.1
-.2
.3
-1.3
-2.7

-.3
-.7
-1.1
-.5
-4.7
.5
.7
.1
-1.8
.4
.7
-.2
-.5

1.1
1.2
1.5
.8
6.9
2.0
5.4
1.3
4.7
1.2
1.5
1.8
1.6

Services4
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services 3
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services 3
Legal services
Educational services
,
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services3
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations3
Services, nee

293
-4
42
4
134
9
58
49
28
-7
14
-96
-32
-28
14
-1
-37
13
-9
90
61
42
5
-2
72
37
11
9
2

.9
-.8
2.6
.3
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.3
2.7
-.7
4.0
-20.0
-2.5
-.3
.9
-.1
-1.0
2.1
-1.0
4.3
2.6
7.3
.8
-2.7
3.4
1.4
1.4
1.2
4.7

.1
2.4
.7
.5
.3
.9
1.4
1.7
-1.1
-1.1
-1.3
-1.9
.5
-.8
-1.4
-.9
-.7
1.0
-.2
1.3
-.6
-2.7
0
1.5
2.6
.5
-1.0
2.3
-.5

.6
2.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.9
3.9

.8
2.9
1.4
3.1
1.9
5.0
1.7
2.8
3.2
1.6
1.9
3.5
1.4

Government
.'.
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

31
0
0
41
22
20
-10
-34
24

2
0
0
.9
1.1
.7
-.1
-.5
.5

0
0
0
.3
.6
.1
-.1
-.2
0

.3
0
0
.6
.9
.6
.3
.4
.4

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

1

3

Data relate to the 1985-94 benchmarks, as originally published,
unless otherwise noted.
2
Less than 0.05 percent.




4

162

Data relate to 1989-95.
Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Absolute

3.3
2.8
1.5
4.8
4.6
3.0
.9
2.0
1.1

Table 2-E. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings
(In percent)
Size of employment
estimate

50,000
100,000...
200,000...
500,000...
1,000,000
2,000,000

Employment

1.4
1.1
.8
.6
.4
.3

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

1.9
1.5
1.2

3.2
2.6
2.2
1.7
1.3
1.1

.9
.7
.6

based estimates are published 2 months later when nearly
all the reports in the sample have been received. Table 2-G
presents the root-mean-square error, the mean percent, and
the mean absolute percent revision that may be expected
between the preliminary and final employment estimates.
Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates
are normally not greater than 0.1 of an hour for weekly
hours and 1 cent for hourly earnings, at the total private
nonfarm level, and may be slightly larger for the more detailed industry groupings.
STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS

1

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

(Tables B-7, B-14, and B-18)
As explained earlier, State agencies in cooperation with
BLS collect and prepare State and area employment, hours,
and earnings data. These statistics are based on the same
establishment reports used by BLS, however, BLS uses the
full CES sample to produce monthly national employment
estimates, while each State agency uses its portion of the
sample to independently develop a State employment estimate.
The CES area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of
Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail
may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue.

Table 2-F. Relative standard errors1 for estimates of employment,
hours, and earnings by industry
(In percent)
Industry

Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and
public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance,
and real estate
Services

Employment

Average
weekly
hours

Average
hourly
earnings

0.1
.8
.4
.1
.1
.1

0.1
.6
.1
.1
.1
.1

0.2
1.1
.3
.4
.5
.5

.3
.2
.1

.5
.2
.1

1.0
.4
.3

.2
.2

.2
.2

.7
.4

Caution in aggregating State data. The national estimation procedures used by BLS are designed to produce accurate national data by detailed industry; correspondingly
the State estimation procedures are designed to produce
accurate data for each individual State. State estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because
each State series is subject to larger sampling and
nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them
cumulates individual State level errors and can cause distortions at an aggregate level. This has been a particular
problem at turning points in the U.S. economy, when the
majority of the individual State errors tend to be in the
same direction. Due to these statistical limitations, the
Bureau does not compile or publish a "sum-of-States" employment series. Additionally, BLS cautions users that such
a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error
structure, particularly at turning points.

Relative errors were estimated with sample data from March
1994-March1995.

amount of employment is usually reclassified out of services to other major divisions, thus, lowering the benchmark level for services, and potentially causing a significant downward revision in the services employment totals
previously published.
Revisions between preliminary and final data. First preliminary estimates of employment, hours, and earnings,
based on less than the total sample, are published immediately following the reference month. Final revised sample-




163

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates
Industry

Total

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

65,200

Total private

54,300

Goods-producing

15,500

0.1

Mining
Metal mining
Coal mining
Oil and gas extraction
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels

2,200
400
900
2,200
400

-0.1
0
-.1
-.1
0

.3
.5
.5
.4
.3

Construction
General building contractors
Heavy construction, except building
Special trade contractors

9,600
4,200
3,900
6,200

.1
.1
.1
.1

.2
.3
.4
.2

Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Computer and office equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Electronic components and accessories....
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Aircraft and parts
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Railroad transportation
Local and interurban passenger transit
Trucking and warehousing
Water transportation
Transportation by air
Pipelines, except natural gas
Transportation services
Communications and public utilities
Communications
Electric, gas, and sanitary services
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

.1

7,500

.1
0
0
0
-.1
0
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
0
0
0

.1
.2
.2
.2
.4
.1
.1
.3
.1
.2
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3

-.1
0
0
.1
0
.1
-.1
-.1
0
0

.2
.7
.1
.2
.1
.1
.1
.4
.1
.5

8,900
7,700
2,400
3,900
5,200
2,000
2,400
200
1,200
4,800
4,500
1,900

..1
-.1
-.2
-.1
-.1
0
-.1
-.4
-.1
0
0
0

.1
.2
.7
.6
.2
.9
.3
.8
.3
.2
.2
.2

7,400
3,900
5,000

.1
0
.1

.1
.1
.1

1,300
1,300
1,200
1,800
1,500
2,100
2,500
1,200
2,400
1,300
4,000
3,600
1,400
2,000
1,300

5,900
3,400
400
1,300
2,500
1,200
1,800
1,700
1,000
1,700
700
60,400

See footnotes at end of table.




0

11,000

164

Table 2-G. Errors of preliminary employment estimates—Continued
Industry

Root-mean-square error
of monthly level1

Mean percent revision
Actual

Absolute

Retail trade
Building materials and garden supplies
General merchandise stores
Department stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
New and used car dealers
Apparel and accessory stores
Furniture and home furnishings stores
Eating and drinking places
Miscellaneous retail establishments

34,300
2,500
16,200
15,200
6,300
2,900
1,300
5,900
4,000
13,000
8,600

.1
0
.1
.1
0
-.1
-.1
.2
0
.1
.1

.1
.2
.5
.5
.1
.1
.1
.4
.3
.2
.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Depository institutions
Commercial banks
Savings institutions
Nondepository institutions
Mortgage bankers and brokers
Security and commodity brokers
Holding and other investment offices
Insurance
Insurance carriers
Insurance agents, brokers, and service
Real estate

6,800
4,100
3,000
2,500
1,200
1,400
1,000
1,000
1,700
3,100
2,700
1,000
3,000

0
0
-.1
-.1
0
0
0
0
-.1
0
0
.1
0

.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2

Services2
Agricultural services
Hotels and other lodging places
Personal services
Business services
Services to buildings
Personnel supply services
Help supply services
Computer and data processing services
Auto repair, services, and parking
Miscellaneous repair services
Motion pictures
Amusement and recreation services
Health services
Offices and clinics of medical doctors
Nursing and personal care facilities
Hospitals
Home health care services
Legal services
Educational services
Social services
Child day care services
Residential care
Museums and botanical and zoological gardens
Membership organizations
Engineering and management services
Engineering and architectural services
Management and public relations
Services, nee

30,900
3,200
6,100
8,700
13,000
3,000
10,500
9,800
2,400
1,900
1,200
5,900
12,600
5,200
2,900
2,000
3,000
1,600
1,100
12,500
7,900
4,200
1,400
700
3,900
4,500
2,300
2,600
400

0
.1
.1
-.1
.1
0
.2
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
.4
0
.1
0
0
.1
0
0
.1
.3
0
.1
0
0
0
.1
.1

.1
.5
.3
.5
.2
.3
.4
.4
.2
.2
.3
.9
.8
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.1
.6
.3
.6
.2
.7
.2
.1
.2
.3
.8

Government
Federal
Federal, except Postal Service
State
Education
Other State government
Local
Education
Other local government

27,700
11,600
10,700
12,700
11,500
6,000
21,200
18,000
13,500

.1
.1
.1
0
0
0
.1
.1
0

.1
.3
.4
.2
.5
.2
.1
.2
.2

2

1
The root-mean-square error is the square root of the mean
squared error. The mean squared error is the square of the difference between the final and preliminary estimates averaged across
a series of monthly observations.




Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: Errors are based on differences from January 1991
through December 1995.

165

Region, State, and Area Labor Force Data
("C" tables)

FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

Estimates for States

regression, a flexible trend, and a flexible seasonal component. The regression techniques are based on historical and
current relationships found within each State's economy as
reflected in the different sources of data that are available
for each State—the Current Population Survey (CPS), the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, and the unemployment insurance (UI) system. The noise component
of the models explicitly accounts for auto correlation in the
CPS sampling error and changes in the average magnitude
of the error. In addition, the models can identify and remove the effects of outliers in the historical CPS series.
While all the State models have important components in
common, they differ somewhat from one another to better
reflect individual State characteristics.
Two models—one for the employment-to-population ratio
and one for the unemployment rate—are used for each State.
The employment-to-population ratio, rather than the
employment level, and the unemployment rate, rather than
the unemployment level, are estimated primarily because
these ratios are usually more meaningful for economic
analysis.
The employment-to-population ratio models use the relationship between the State's monthly employment from
the CES and the CPS. The models also include trend and
seasonal components to account for movements in the CPS
not captured by the CES series. The seasonal component
accounts for the seasonality in the CPS not explained by the
CES, while the trend component adjusts for long-run systematic differences between the two series.
The unemployment rate models use the relationship between the State's monthly unemployment insurance (UI)
claims data and the CPS unemployment rate, along with
trend and seasonal components.
In both the employment-to-population ratio and unemployment rate models, an important feature is the use of a
technique that allows the equations to adjust automatically
to structural changes that occur. The regression portion of
the model includes a built-in tuning mechanism, known as
the Kalman Filter, which revises a model's coefficients when
the new data that become available each month indicate
that changes in the data relationships have taken place. Once
the estimates are developed from the models, levels are calculated for employment, unemployment, and labor force.

Current monthly estimates. Effective January 1996, civilian labor force and unemployment estimates for all States
and the District of Columbia are produced using models
based on a "signal-plus-noise" approach. The model of the
signal is a time series model of the true labor force which
consists of three components: A variable coefficient

Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year, monthly
estimates for all States and the District of Columbia are
adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average
CPS estimates. The benchmarking technique employs a procedure (called the Denton method) which adjusts the annual average of the models to equal the CPS annual aver-

Labor force and unemployment estimates for States,
labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under
Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a Federal-State cooperative
program. The local unemployment estimates which derive
from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the
basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits
under Federal programs such as the Job Training Partnership Act.
Annual average data for the States and over 270 areas
shown in table C-3 are published in Employment and Earnings (usually the May issue). For regions, States, selected
metropolitan areas, and central cities, annual average data
classified by selected demographic, social, and economic
characteristics are published in the BLS bulletin, Geographic
Profile of Employment and Unemployment.
Labor force estimates for counties, cities, and other small
areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from
the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The report "Unemployment in States and Local Areas" is published monthly
through GPO and is available in microfiche form only, on a
subscription basis.
ESTIMATING METHODS
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates are prepared for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and over 6,500 areas, including nearly 2,400 LMA's,
counties, and cities with a population of 25,000 or more.
The estimation methods are described below for States (and
the District of Columbia) and for sub-State areas. At the
sub-LMA (county and city) level, estimates are prepared
using disaggregation techniques based on decennial and
annual population estimates and current unemployment insurance data. A more detailed description of the estimation
procedure is contained in the BLS document, Manual for
Developing Local Area Unemployment Statistics.




166

age, while preserving, as much as possible, the original
monthly seasonal pattern of the model estimates.

the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of two categories: (1) Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State UI laws;
and (2) those who were entering the civilian labor force for
the first time or reentering after a period of separation.

Estimates for sub-State areas
Monthly labor force, employment, and unemployment
estimates for two large sub-State areas —New York City
and the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area—are
obtained using the same modeling approach as for states.
Estimates for the nearly 2,400 remaining LMA's, are prepared through indirect estimation techniques, described
below.

Sub-State adjustment for additivity. Estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared for the State and all
LMA's within the State. The LMA estimates geographically
exhaust the entire State. Thus, a proportional adjustment is
applied to all sub-State preliminary LMA estimates to ensure that they add to the independently estimated State totals for employment and unemployment. For California and
New York, the proportional adjustment is applied to all
LMA's other than the two modeled areas, to ensure that the
LMA estimates sum to an independent model-based estimate for the balance of State.

Preliminary estimate—employment The total civilian
employment estimates are based largely on CES data. These
"place-of-work" estimates must be adjusted to refer to place
of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from
place of work to place of residence have been developed on
the basis of employment relationships at the time of the
1990 decennial census. These factors are applied to the CES
estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates, to which are added estimates for employment not represented in the CES—agricultural employees,
nonagricultural self-employed and unpaid family workers,
and private household workers.
Preliminary estimate—unemployment. In the current month,




167

Benchmark correction. At the end of each year, sub-State
estimates are revised. The revisions incorporate any changes
in the inputs, such as revisions in the CES-based employment figures, corrections in UI claims counts, and updated
historical relationships. The updated estimates are then readjusted to add to the revised (benchmarked) State estimates
of employment and unemployment.

Seasonal Adjustment

Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force, the levels of employment and unemployment, and
other measures of labor market activity undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays,
and the opening and closing of schools. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by
adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make it easier to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. In evaluating changes in
a seasonally adjusted series, it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past
experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader
margin of possible error than the original data on which they
are based, because they are subject not only to sampling and
other errors but are also affected by the uncertainties of the
seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment-based data
are published monthly in Employment and Earnings,

1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the
estimated undercount, introduced into the Current Population Survey. In 1996, 1990-93 data also were revised to
incorporate these 1990 census-based population controls and
seasonally adjusted series were revised back to 1990.
All labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well
as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are
computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For
example, for each of the three major labor force components—agricultural employment, nonagricultural employment, and unemployment—data for four sex-age groups
(men and women under and over 20 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to
derive seasonally adjusted total figures. The seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is a sum of eight seasonally
adjusted civilian employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components. The total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components, and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force. Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of various series, components will not necessarily add
to totals.
In each January issue (March issue in 1996), Employment
and Earnings publishes revised seasonally adjusted data for
selected labor force series based on the experience through
December, new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to
calculate the civilian unemployment estimate for the first 6
months of the following year, and a description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure.

Household data
Since January 1980, national labor force data have been
seasonally adjusted with a procedure called X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), which was
developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll method. A detailed description of the procedure
appears in The X-ll ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method
by Estela Bee Dagum, Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 12564E, January 1983.
BLS uses an extension of X-ll ARIMA to allow it to adjust more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference
period and of Labor Day in the September reference period.
This extension was applied for the first time at the end of
1989 to three persons-at-work labor force series which tested
as having significant and well-defined effects in their April
data associated with the timing of Easter.
At the beginning of each calendar year, projected seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated for use during the January-June period. In July of each year, BLS calculates and
publishes in Employment and Earnings projected seasonal
adjustment factors for use in the second half, based on the
experience through June. Revisions of historical data, usually for the most recent 5 years, are made only at the beginning of each calendar year. However, as a result of the revisions to the estimates for 1970-81 based on 1980 census
population counts, revisions to seasonally adjusted series in
early 1982 were carried back to 1970. In 1994, data were
revised only for that year because of the major redesign and




Establishment data
Beginning in June 1996, with the release of the March
1995 benchmark revisions, BLS utilizes X-12 ARIMA software developed by the Bureau of the Census to seasonally
adjust national establishment-based employment, hours, and
earnings series. The X-12 ARIMA replaces the X-11 ARIMA,
which had been used to adjust these series since the early
1980's. All national establishment-based series were revised
back to 1988.
The conversion to X-12 ARIMA allows BLS to refine its
seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometime referred to as the 4-vs. 5-week effect. While the CES survey is referenced to a consistent concept, the pay period including the 12th day of the month,
inconsistencies arise because there are variations of 4 or 5
weeks between the week of the 12th in any given pair of
months. In highly seasonal months and industries, this variation can be an important determinant of the magnitude of
seasonal hires or layoffs that have occurred at the time the
168

survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal ^jjustment.
The interval effect adjustment is accomplished through the
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) option
in the X-12 software. This process combines standard regression analysis, which measures correlations between two
or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of a data series based on its own
past history. In this application, the correlations of interest
are those between employment levels in individual calendar
months and the length of the survey intervals for those
months. The REGARIMA models estimate and remove the
variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey intervals, one specified for each month, except March.
March is excluded because there are always 4 weeks
between the February and March surveys.
Projected seasonal factors for the establishment-based
series are calculated and published twice a year, paralleling
the procedure used for the household series. Revisions to
historical data are made once a year, coincident with benchmark revisions. All series are seasonally adjusted using
multiplicative models in X-12; additive models are not considered. Seasonal adjustment factors are computed and applied at component levels. For employment series, these are
generally the 2-digit SIC levels. Seasonally adjusted totals
are arithmetic aggregations for employment series and
weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for hours
and earnings series.
Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted average weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained
by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted,
by the seasonally adjusted Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and multiplying by 100. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally
adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours,
seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 1982 annual
average base. For total private, total goods-producing, total
private service-producing, and major industry divisions, the
indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are
obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and
dividing by the 1982 annual average base.
Seasonally adjusted data are not published for a number
of series characterized by small seasonal components relative to their trend-cycle and/or irregular components. These
failed or unsatisfactory seasonally adjusted series, however,
are used in the aggregation to broader level seasonally
adjusted series.
Seasonal adjustment factors for Federal Government
employment are derived from unadjusted data which include
Christmas temporary workers employed by the Postal Service. The number of temporary census workers for the
decennial census, however, are removed prior to the calcu-




169

lation of seasonal adjustment factors.
BLS also makes special adjustments for floating holidays
for the establishment-based series on average weekly hours
and manufacturing overtime hours. From 1988 forward, these
adjustments are now accomplished as part of the X-12
ARIMA/REGARIMA modeling process rather than through
the previously used moving-holiday extension of X-ll
ARIMA. The special adjustment made in November each
year to adjust for the effect of poll workers in the local government employment series also is incorporated into the X12 process from 1988 forward; this replaces the X-ll
ARIMA-based procedure previously used to account for this
effect.
Revised seasonally adjusted national establishment-based
series based on the experience through March 1996, new
seasonal adjustment factors for March-October 1996, and a
description of the current seasonal adjustment procedure
appear in the June 1996 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised factors for the September 1996-April 1997 period
will appear in the December issue.
Beginning in 1993, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted nonfarm payroll employment data by major industry for all States and the District of Columbia (table
B-7). Seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the
employment estimates at the division level (component series for manufacturing and trade) and then aggregated to the
State totals. The recomputation of seasonal factors and historical revisions are made coincident with the annual benchmark adjustments. State estimation procedures are designed
to produce accurate (unadjusted and seasonally adjusted) data
for each individual State. BLS independently develops a
national employment series; State estimates are not forced
to sum to national totals. Because each State series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual State level
errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate
level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-States" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure.
Region and State labor force data
Beginning in 1992, BLS introduced publication of seasonally adjusted labor force data for the census regions and
divisions, the 50 States, and the District of Columbia (tables
C-l and C-2). Using the X-ll ARIMA procedure, seasonal
adjustment factors are computed and applied independently
to the component employment and unemployment levels and
then aggregated to regional or State totals. Current seasonal
adjustment factors are produced for 6-month periods twice
a year. Historical revisions usually are made at the beginning of each calendar year. Because of the separate processing procedures, totals for the Nation, as a whole, differ
from the results obtained by aggregating regional or State
data.

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Date

I certify that ail information furnished on this form is true and complete. I understand that anyone who furnishes false or misleading information on this form or
who omits material or information requested on the form may be subject to criminal sanctions (including fines and imprisonment) and/or civil sanctions
(including multiple damages and civil penalties).

Instructions to Publishers
1 . Complete and file one copy of this form with your postmaster on or before October 1, annually. Keep a copy of the completed form for
your records.
2 . Include in items 10 and 11, in cases where the stockholder or security holder is a trustee, the name of the person or corporation for whom
the trustee is acting. Also include the names and addresses of individuals who are stockholders who own or hold 1 percent or more of the
total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities of the publishing corporation. In item 11, if none, check box. Use blank sheets if
more space is required.
3. Be sure to furnish all information called for in item 15, regarding circulation. Free circulation must be shown in items 15d, e, and f.
4. If the publication had second-class authorization as a general or requester publication, this Statement of Ownership, Management, and
Circulation must be published; ft must be printed in any issue in October or the first printed issue after October, if the publication is not
published during October.
5. In item 16, indicate date of the issue in which this Statement of Ownership will be printed.
6. item 17 must be signed.
Failure to We or publish a statement of ownership may lead to suspension of second-dass authorization.

PS Form 3 5 2 6 . October 1994 (Reverse)